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PALESTINE AND SYRIA, with 17 Maps, 44 Plans, and a Panorama of Jerusalem. Second Edition. 1894. 12 marks. CONVERSATION DICTIONARY in four languages. Eng- lish, French, German, Italian. 3 marks. THE TRAVELLER'S MANUAL OF CONVERSATION, in ENGMsn, German, Frenuh, and Italian. 3 marks. UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS ANGELES / J^rlX '-^ ^,^^-i^.poc^^ - .-v^^^rU'. SWITZERLAND MONEY TABLE. (Comp. p.xvii.) Approximate Equivalents. American Englisl I Swiss , German Money Money ^ Money , Money Doll. Cts. L. S. X.. Fi: Cent. !.. Pf. 1 Vz 5 - 4 — 21/2 — — 1V4 — 121/2 10 __ 5 21/2 25 20 10 5' 50 40 — }R''' — — ?// — 621/2 — 50 . — 20 — — 93/4 1 — — 80 25 1 1 25 1 45 1 8V2 2 15 1 75 50 2 2 50 2 — 75 3 3 75 3 — 1 4 5 4 — 1 25 — 5 6 25 5 — 1 50 — 6 7 50 6 — 1 75 7 8 75 7 2 — _ 8 _ 10 8 — 2 25 — 9 _ 11 25 9 — 2 50 10 12 50 10 3 12 15 12 4 _ — 16 20 16 5 1 25 20 25 _ 5 125 100 125 " 1 25 ~ 625 500 — SWITZERLAND AND THB ADJACENT PORTIONS OF ITALY, SAVOY, AND TYROL HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS EAKL BAEDEEEE With 47 Maps, 12 Plans, and 12 Panoramas SIXTEENTH EDITION LEIPSIC : KARL BAEDEKER, PUBLISHER. LONDON: DULAU AND CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. 1895 'Go, little book, God send thee good passage, And specially let this be thy prayere Cnto them all that thee will read or hear. Where thou art wrong, after their help to call, Thee to correct in any part or all/ UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS ANGELES PREFACE. Bll3 The object of the Handbook for Switzerland is to supply the traveller with all needful information, to point ont the most interesting places and the best way of reaching them, to render him comparatively independent of the services of guides and others, and thus to enable him thoroughly to enjoy his tour in this magnificent country. With improved facilities for travel, the number of visi- tors to Switzerland has greatly increased of late years, and mountaineering ambition has been proportionally stimulated. Summits once deemed well-nigh inaccessible are now scaled annually by travellers from all parts of the world. The achievements of the modern Alpine clubs have dimmed the memory of De Saussure, Auldjo, and the other pioneers of these icy regions, and even ladies now frequently vie with the stronger sex in their deeds of daring. The Handbook is based on the Editor's personal ac- quaintance with the places described, most of which he has carefully and repeatedly explored. This edition, which corresponds with the twenty-sixth German edition, has been thoroughly revised, and furnished with the latest informa- tion obtainable. Its contents are divided into Seven Sec- tions (I. North Switzerland ; II. Lake of Lucerne and Envi- rons, and St. Gotthard; III. Bernese Oberland; IV. South- western Switzerland, Lake of Geneva, Lower Khone Valley; V. Savoy, the Valais, and the adjacent Italian Alps; VI. South-Eastern Switzerland, Grisons; VII. Lakes of North Italy), each of which may be separately removed from the book by the mountaineer or pedestrian who desires to minimize the bulk of his luggage. To each section is prefixed a list of the routes it contains, so that each forms an approximately complete volume apart from the general table of contents or the general index. The Editor will highly appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which travellers may favour him. The in- formation already received from numerous correspondents, which he gratefully acknowledges, has in many instances proved most serviceable. The Maps and Plans, on which special care haft: been bestowed j are based on the ■' TopagrapHicdl Atlas of Switzer- v1 PREFACE. land and on Dufour's Map (pp. xxii, xxiii), and revised with the aid of other recent authorities and from the Editor's own experiences. Time Tables. The best Swiss publications are the ^Kursbiicher' (time-tables) of Burkli of Zurich and Krilsi of Bale (50 c. each), sold at most of the railway-stations. Heights are given in the text in English feet, on the maps in metres (1 Engl. ft. = 0.3048 metre; 1 metre = 3.281 Engl, ft, or about 3 ft. 31/3 in.). Comp. p. xxx. — Distances on high-roads and railways are given in English miles ; while those on bridle-paths and mountain-routes are expressed by the time which they usually take. The number of miles at the beginning of a paragraph denotes the distance from the starting-point, while the distances from place to place are generally stated within brackets; but on railway-routes the mileage is always reckoned from the starting-point. Hotels. Besides the first-class hotels, the Handbook mentions a number of the more modest inns also. The usual charges are stated in accordance with the Editor's own experience, or from the bills furnished to him by travel- lers. Hotel-charges, like carriage-fares and fees to guides, generally have an upward tendency, but an approximate statement of these items will enable the traveller to form an estimate of his probable expenditure. The value of the asterisks, which are used as marks of commendation, is relative only, signifying that the houses are good of their class. The Editor has distributed these asterisks as fully and impartially as his knowledge warrants, but there are doubtless many equally deserving houses among those not starred or even mentioned. To hotel-keepers, tradesmen, and others the Editor begs to intimate that a character for fair dealing towards travellers forms the sole passport to his commendation, and that advertisements of every kind are strictly excluded from his Handbooks. Hotel-keepers are also warned against persons representing themselves as agents for Baedeker's Handbooks. CONTENTS. Page I. Plan of Tour, etc xii II, Travelling Expenses. Money xvii ni. Hotels and Pensions xvii IV. Passports. Custom House xix V. Walking Tours xix VI. Maps xxi VII. Guides xxii VIII. Carriages and Horses xxiii IX. Diligences, Post Office, Telegraph xxiii X. Railways xxv XI. History. Statistics xxvi XII. Metrical Measures. Thermometer xxx P^Q^jg I. Northern Switzerland. 1. Bale 2 2. From Bale to Bienne and Bern through the Miinster-Thal 9 3. From Bale to Bienne via Olten and Soleure 13 4. From Bale to Bern via Herzogenhuchsee 17 5. From Bale to Lucerne 18 6. From Bale to Ziirlch 19 7. From Olten to Waldshut via Aarau and Brugg 22 8. From Bale to Schaffhausen and Constance 23 9. The Falls of the Rhine 26 10. From Friedrichshafen to Constance. Lake of Constance . 28 11. From Rorschach to Constance and Winterthur (Ziirich) . 31 12. From Schaffhausen to Zurich 32 13. Zurich and the Uetliherg 33 14. From Zurich to Coire. Lakes of Zurich and Walenstadt 40 15. From Ziirich to Romanshorn and Friedrichshafen ... 48 16. From Ziirich to St. Gallen, Rorschach, and Lindau ... 49 17. The Canton of Appenzell 53 18. From Rorschach to Coire 60 19. From Wyl through the Toggenburg to Buchs on the Rhine 62 20. Ra gatz and Pfafers 64 21. From Ziirich to Glarus and Lintthal 66 22. From Stachelberg to Altdorf. Klausen 71 23. From Schwyz to Glarus over the Pragel 72 24. From Glarus to Coire through the Sernf-Thal 75 II. Lake of Lucerne and Environs. The St. Gotthard. 25. From Ziirich to Zug and Lucerne 78 26. Lucerne 81 27. Lake of Lucerne 86 viii CONTENTS. Route Page 28. The Rigi 94 29. From Lucerne to Alpnact-Stad. Pilatns 100 30. From Zug and Lucerne to Arth 103 81. From Ziiricli via Wadensweil to Arth-Goldau. From Biberbrucke to Einsiedeln 105 32. From Lucerne to Bellinzona. St. Gotthard Railway . . 108 33. From Goschenen to Airolo over the St. Gotthard ... 117 34. The Maderaner-Thal 122 35. From Goschenen to the Rhone Glacier. The Furka . . 124 36. From Lucerne to Altdorf via Stans and Engelberg. The Surenen Pass 127 37. From Lucerne over the Briinig to Meiringen and Brienz (Interlaken) 131 38. From Meiringen to Engelberg. Engstlen-Alp. Joch Pass 134 39. From Meiringen to Wasen. Susteu Pass 136 40. From Lucerne to Bern. Entlebuch. Emmen-Thal . . . 138 41. From Lucerne to Lenzburg (Aarau). The Seethal Railway 140 in. The Bernese Oberland. 42. Bern 144 43. From Bern to Thnn 151 44. The Niesen 153 45. From Thun to Interlaken. Lake of Thun 155 46. Interlaken and Environs 158 47. The Lauterbrunnen Valley and Miirren 164 48. From Interlaken to Grindelwald 171 49. The Faulhorn 178 50. From Meiringen to Interlaken. Lake of Brienz .... 181 51. From Meiringen to Grindelwald 185 52. From Meiringen to the Rhone Glacier. Grimsel .... 187 53. From Spiez to Leuk over the Gemmi 191 54. The Adelboden Yalley 196 55. From Gampel to Kandersteg. Lotschen Pass 197 56. From Thun to Sion over the Rawyl 199 57. From Thun to Saan en through the Simmen-Thal. . . . 202 IV. Western Switzerland. Lake of Geneva. Lower Valley of the Bhone. 58. From Bern to Neuchatel 206 59. From Neuchatel to Chaux-de-Fonds and Locle .... 209 60. From Neuchatel to Pontarlier through the Val de Travers 211 61. From Neuchatel to Lausanne 218 62. From Bern to Lausanne (Vevey) 215 63. From Lausanne to Payerne and Lyss 219 64. From Lausanne to Vallorbes and Pontarlier 220 65. Geneva and its Environs 221 CONTENTS. ix Eoute Page 66. From Geneva to Martigny yia Lausanne and Villeneuve. Lake of Geneva (North Bank) 233 67. From Saanen to Aigle over the Col de Pillon 250 68. From Bulle to Chatean-d'Oex and Aigle 252 69. From Bex to Slon. Pas de Cheville 255 70. From Geneva to St. Maurice via Bouveret. Lake of Geneva (South Bank). Val d'llliez 256 V. Savoy, the Valais, and the adjacent Italian Alps. 71. From Geneva via Culoz and Aix-les-Bains to Chamb^ry, and back via Annecy 264 72. From Geneva to Chamonix 271 73. Chamonix and Environs 276 74. From Chamonix to Martigny over the Tete-Noire , or to Vernayaz via Triquent and Salvan 282 75. From Martigny to Chamonix. Col de Balme 286 76. From Chamonix to Courmayeur over the Col dn Bonhomme and the Col de la Seigne. Tour du Mont Blanc .... 288 77. From Courmayeur to Aosta and Ivrea 293 78. From Martigny to Aosta. Great St. Bernard 298 79. From Martigny to Aosta over the Col de Fenetre. Val de Bagnes 304 80. From Martigny to Domodossola over the Simplon . . . 306 81. From the Rhone Glacier to Brig. The Eggishorn . . . . 314 82. From Ulrichen to Domodossola. Gries Pass. Falls of the Tosa. Val Formazza 319 83. The S. Valleys of the Valais, between Sion and Turtmann (Val d'Herens, Val d'Anniviers, Turtmann Valley) . . . 321 84. From Visp to Zermatt 331 85. From Visp to Saas and Mattmark 340 86. From Piedimulera to Macugnaga, and over the Monte Moro Pass to Mattmark 343 87. From Macugnaga to Zermatt round Monte Rosa .... 346 88. From Chatillon to Valtournanche and over the Theodule Pass to Zermatt 349 VI. South-Eastern Switzerland. The Grisons. 89. Coire 364 90. From Landquart to Davos through the Pratigau and to Schuls over the Fliiela Pass 366 91. From Davos to Coire via Lenz(Landwasser Route). . . . 360 92. From Coire to Davos through the Schanflgg-Thal. Arosa 364 93. From Coire to Goschenen. Oberalp 366 94. From Disentis to Biasca. The Lukmanier 375 95. From Coire via Thusis to Tiefenkasten (Schyn Road) or Spliigen (Via Mala) 377 X CONTENTS. 96. From Splugen to the Lake of Como 383 97. From Splugen to Bellinzona. Bernardino 385 98. From Coire to the Engadine over the Albnla Pass . . . 388 99. From Coire to the Engadine over the Julier 390 100. The Upper Engadine from the Maloja to Samaden . . . 394 101. Pontresina and Environs 402 102. From Samaden to Nauders. Lower Engadine .... 412 103. From Samaden-Pontresina over the Bernina to Tirano and through the Valtellina to Colico 419 104. From the Maloja to Chiavenna. Val Bregaglia .... 422 105. From Tirano to Nauders over the Stelvio 425 106. From Nauders to Bregenz over the Arlberg 429 VII. The Italian Lakes. 107. From Bellinzona to Lugano and Como (Milan) .... 433 108. From Bellinzona to Locarno. Val Maggia 440 109. Lago Maggiore. The Borromean Islands 443 110. From Domodossola to Novara. Lake of Orta 451 111. From Luino on Lago Maggiore to Menaggio on the Lake of Como. Lake of Lugano 455 112. The Lake of Como 457 113. From Como to Milan 465 Index. . . . , - 469 List of Maps. (Comp. Key Map after the General Index.) 1. Map of Switzerland (1 : 1,000,000), before the title-page. 2. District between Schaffhausen A>rD Constance (1 : 250,000) ; between pp. 26, 27. 3. Environs of Schaffhausen (1 : 33,000) 5 p. 26. 4. Lake of Constance (1 : 250,000) ; between pp. 28, 29. 5. Lakes of Zurich and Zug (1 : 250,000); between pp. 40, 41. 6. Canton of Appenzell (1 : 250,000); between pp. 54, 55. 7. Canton of Glarus (1 : 250,000) •, between pp. 66, 67. 8. ToDi District (1 : 150,000) ; between pp. 68, 69. 9. Lake of Lucerne (1 : 250,000) ; between pp. 86, 87. 10. PiLATUS (1 : 100,000) ; p. 87. 11. RiGi (I : 100,000); between pp. 94, 95. 12. Environs of the St. Gotthard (1:250,000); between pp. 112, 113. 13. Loop-Tunnels of the St. Gotthard Railway (1:25,000); p. 118. 14. Trift District (1 : 150.000); between pp. 118, 119. 15. Environs of Engelberg (1 :150,(X)0); between pp. 126, 127. 16. Environs of Then (1 : 26,000); p. 152. 17. Bernese Oberland (1:260,000); between pp. 152, 153. 18. Environs of Interlaken (1:26.1K)0); p. 160. 19. Environs of Grindelwald (1 : l50,0()0); between pp.160, 161. 20. Upper Lautekbrunnen Valley (I : 150,000); p. 161. 21. Environs of Kandersteg (1 : 150,000); between pp. 192, 193. 22. Environs of Geneva (1 : 150,000) ; p. 223. 23. Lake of Geneva (1 : 250,000); between pp. 234, 235. 24. Environs of Montrecx (L: 50,000); p. 240. 25. Ormont Valleys (1:150,000); between pp. 250, 251. LIST OF MAPS. xi 26. Envieons of Chamonix, Sixt, and Codemateuk (1 : 250,000)5 between pp. 272, 273. 27. Mont Blanc Disteict (1 : 150,000); between pp. 276, 277. 28. Envieons of the Geeat St. Beenabd, from Martigny to Aosta (1 : 250,000) ; between pp. 298, 299. 29. LowEB Vallet of the Rhone, from the Lake of Geneva to the Lotschen- Thal (1 : 250,000)-, between pp. 308, 309. 30. The Uppeb Valais (1 : 260,000; between pp. 310, 311. 31. Aletsch District (1 : 150,000); between pp. 816, 317. 32. Valaisian Alps (1 : 260,000); between pp. 322, 323. 33. Environs of Zeematt (1 : 150,000) ; between pp. 332, 333. 34. Envieons of Ragatz , the Peatigad and Montafon (1 : 250,000) ; be- tween pp. 356, 357. 35. Central Geisons Alps, from Coire and Davos to Samaden (1 : 250,000); between pp. 360, 361. 36. Voedee-Rheinthal (1 : 250,000) ; between pp. 368, 369. 37. Disteict feom the Ldkmaniee to the Maloja fl: 250,000); between pp. 382, 383. 38. The Engadine and Valtellina (1:500,000); between pp.394, 395. 39. Environs of Ponteesina (1:150.000); between pp.402, 403. 40. The Lower Engadine (1 : 250.000) ; between pp. 412, 413. 41. Environs of Ldgano (1 : 150.000); p. 434. 42. Environs of Como (1 : 28,000); p. 435. 43. Lago Maggioee (1:250,000); between pp. 448, 449. 4^1. Environs of Pallanza (1 : 65,000); p. 448. 45. Environs of Steesa (1:65,000); p. 449. 46. Lakes op Como and Lugano (1 : 250.000); between pp. 456, 457. 47. Key Map of Switzerland (1 : 1,900,000), after the Index. Panoramas and Views. 1. From the Rigi-Kulm, between pp. 96, 97. 2. From the Pilatus, between pp. 102, 103. 3. From Bern, p. 145. 4. From the Niesen, p. 153. 5. From the Heimwehfluh, p. 161. 6. From Murren, p. 169. 7. From the Faulhorn, between pp. 178, 179. 8. From the FLfiGftEE, between pp. 278. 279. 9. From the Eggishoen, between pp. 316, 317. 10. From the Goenee Grat, between pp. 334, 335. 11. From the Piz Langdard, between pp. 406, 407. 12. From the Monte Generoso, between pp. 438, 439. Plans of Towns. BALB,p.2; Constance, p. 27; Zurich, p. 32; Ragatz, p. 66; Lucebne, p.86. Been, p. 144; Neuchatel, p. 207; Geneva, p. 222 ; Lausanne, p. 236; Coire; p. 354; Ldgano, p. 434; Milan, p. 464. Abbreviations. R. = Room, Route. N. = North, northern, min. = Minute. B. = Breakfast. S. = South, southern, carr. = Carriage. D. = Dinner. E. = East, eastern. S.A.C. = Swiss Alpine Club. L. = Light. W. = West, western. C.A.I. = Italian Alpine Club A. = Attendance. r. = Right. S.B.G.H. = Socie'te des M. = English mile. 1. = Left. Bibliotheques des Grands ft. (') = Engl. foot. hr. = Hour. Hotels (see p. xviii). Asterisks are used as marks of commendation. With regard to distances, see Preface. I. Plan of Tour. Season of the Year. Distribution of Time. The traveller will save both time and money by planning his tour carefully before leaving home. The Handbook will help him to select the most interesting routes and the pleasantest resting- places, and point out how each day may be disposed of to the best advantage, provided the weather be favourable. Season. The great majority of tourists visit Switzerland between the middle of July and the end of September; but to those who wish to see the scenery, the vegetation, and particularly the Alpine flowers in perfection June is recommended as the most charming month in the year. For expeditions among the higher Alps the month of August is the best season ; but above a height of 6500 ft. snow-storms may occur at any time except in thoroughly settled weather. In ordinary seasons the snow disappears from the Rigi and the more frequented routes through the Bernese Oberland at the beginning of June. On the other hand snow sometimes lies through- out the whole season on the Furka, the Grimsel, the Gemmi, etc. The most loftily situated hotels are generally closed till the end of June. Distribution of Time. One Month, as the annexed plan shows, suffices for a glimpse at the most interesting parts of Switzerland. Bale, where the scenery is least interesting, is a good starting- point, but the traveller may find it more convenient to begin with Geneva or Neuehatel. Days By railway from Bdle to Neuhausen ; visit the Falls of the Rhine ; by railway from Dachsen to Zurich (RR. 1, 8, 9, 12) 1 Zurich and the Uetliberg (R. 13) 1 From Zurich by railway to Zug ; by steamboat to Arth ; by railway to the Rigi-Kulm (RR. 26, 30, 28) 1 From the Rigi by railway to Vifznau (or on foot to Wdggis); by steamboat to Lticerne, and one day at Lucerne (RR. 28, 27, 26) 1 By steamer on the Lake of Lucerne to Brunnen; visit the RUtli, Axenstein, etc. (R. 27) 1 By steamer from Brunnen to FlUelen (or by steamer to the Tells- Platte and thence on foot by the Axen-Strasse to Fliielen); by the St. Gotthard Railway to QOsehenen; by omnibus or on foot to Andermatt (RR. 27, 32, 33) 1 By carriage or on foot over the Furka to the Rhone Glacier (R. 35); walk over the Orimsel to the Orimsel Hospice (R. 52) Drive or walk down the Hasli-Thal (Handegg Fall) to Meiringen (RR. 52, 50) 1 Walk from Meiringen (Falls of the Reichenbach) through the Ber- nese Oberland, by the Scheidegg, to Orindelwald, with ascent of the Faulhorn (RR. 51, 49) 1-2 By railway from Grindelwald over the Kleine Scheidegg (on foot to the Wengern-Alp} to Lauterbrunnen (Staubbach ; R. 49) and Miirren (RAT) 1 Walk via the Obere Steinberg to Trachsellauenen and back to Lauter- brunnen ; by railway to Jnterlaken (R. 47) 1 I. PLAN OF TOUR. xiii Days Excursions from Interlaken {St. Beatenberg, Schynige Platte., Briemer Rothhorn, etc. ; RR. 46, 45, 60) 2 By railway or steamer to Spiez ; drive or walk to Kandersteg (R. 53) 1 (Excursions from Kandersteg to the Oeschinemee, Oastem-Thal, etc.) . (1) Walk from Kandersteg over the Qemmi to Bad Leuk (R. 53) . . . 1 Drive to Leuk station (R. 53) ; by railway to Visp (R. 80) and Zer- matt (R. 84) 1 Excursions from Zermatt (RiffelhauSy Oorner Cfrat^ Schwarzsee, etc. ; R. 84) 2 Railway to Visp (R. 84) and Martigny (R. 80) 1 To Chamonix by the Col de Balme, the Tete-Noire, or Saltan (RR. 75, 74) 1 Chamonix (R. 73) 1-2 By omnibus to Geneva (R. 72) 1 Geneva and Environs (R. 65) 1 By steamboat on the Lake of Geneva (R. 68) to Montreux (Chilian, Olion, etc.) 1-2 By railway to Lausanne; several hours at Lausanne; by railway in the afternoon to Freiburg (RR. 66, 62) 1 By railway to Bern (R. 62) ; at Bern (R. 42) 1 By railway to Bdle (R. 4); at Bale (R. 1) 1 A fortnight additional may be pleasantly spent in Eastern Switzerland (Appenzell, Bad Pfafers, Via Mala, Upper Engadine), whence the Italian Lakes are easily visited. Days From Rorschach or Ziirich to Pfafers and Coire (RR. 14, 18, 20, 89) 1 Diligence to Thusis ; visit the Via Mala as far as the third bridge, and return to Thusis (R. 95) ; walk or drive by the Schyn Road to Tie/enkasten (R. 95) 1 Diligence over the JuHer to Silvaplana (R. 99) and St. Moritz (R. 100). 1 Drive to the Maloja and back (R. KX)); in the afternoon to Pon- tresina (R. 101) 1 Pontretina {Morteratsch and Roseg Glaciers; ascent of the Piz Lan- guard, etc.; R. 101) 2-3 Diligence over the Bernina to Tirano and Sondrio (R. 103); railway to Colico (R. 103); steamer to Bellagio (R. 112) IVu Bellagio (Villa Serbelloni, Villa Carlotta, etc.); then via Menaggio and Porlezza to Lugano (RR. 112, HI) 1 Environs of Lugano {Mte. S. Salvatore or Mte. Generoso ; R. 107) . 1-1 V2 Steamboat to Ponte Tresa, railway to Luino (R. Ill); steamer to the Borromean Islands and to Pallanza or Stresa (R. 109) 1 Steamboat to Laveno, and back by the St. Gotthard Railway to Lucerne 1 Or by railway and diligence over the Simplon to Brieg (R. 80) . . So comprehensive a tour as the above is of course rarely under- taken; but it will enable the traveller to plan an excursion of suit- able length, such as one of the following : — I. Eight Days feom Bale. (Rigi, Bernese Oberland, Rhone Glacier, St. Gotthard Route.) 1st. From Bdle (or Constance or Romanshorn') to Ziirich. Uetliherg. 2nd. To Zug, Arth, the Rigi, and Lucerne. 3rd. By the Briinig Railway to Meiringen {Gorge of the Aare; Pilatus or Brienzer Rothhorn ^/a-i day extra) and Brienz; by steamboat to the Giesshach and Interlaken. xiv I. PLAN OF TOUR. 4th. Railway to Lauterhvunnen, Murren, and over the Wengern-Alp to Orindelwald (better partly on foot, taking another day). 5th, Over the Great Scheidegg to Im Hof. 6th. Through the Hasli- Thai (Handegg Fall) to the Grimsel Hospice. 7th. By the Gintnsel, the Rhone Glacier, and the Furka to Andermalt or Goschenen. 8th. To Fluelen, Lucerne, and Bdle. II. Twelve or Fourteen Days from Bale. (Rigi, Bernese Oberland, Zermatt, Gemmi.) lst-6th. As in Tour I. 7th. Over the Grimsel to the Rhone Glacier. Drive to Fiesch; walk or ride to the Hdtel Jungfrau. 8th. Ascend the Eggishorri; walk via the Riederalp to Mdrel, drive to Brig. [Additional day: walk from the Riederalp to iinQBelalp; ascend the Sparrenhorn.] 9th. By railway to Visp and Zermatt. 10th. Ascend the Riffelberg and Gorner Grat, etc. 11th. Railway to Visp and Loueche; walk or drive to Bad Leuk. 12th. Over the Gemmi to Kandersteg ; drive to Spiez; train to Bern, III. Sixteen Days from Bale. (Rigi, Bernese Oberland, Zermatt, Chamonix, Lake of Geneva.) l3t-9th. As in Tour II. 10th. By train to Visp and Martigny. 11th. Over the Tiie-Noire or the Col de Balme to Chamonix. 12th. Excursions from Chamonix. 13th. By Salvan to Vernayaz; by train to Montreux. 14th, 15th. To Glion (Naye), Vevey., Lausanne., and Geneva. 16th. To Freiburg, Bern, and Bdle (or from Bern to Neuch&tel). IV. Seventeen to Twenty Days from Bale. (Rigi, Bei'nese Oberland, Southern Valais, Chamonix.) lst-8th. As in Tour II. 9th. Ascend the Gorner Grat and return to St. Niklaut. 10th. Cross the Augstbord Pass (ascent of Schwarzhorn) to Gruben. 11th. Cross the Meiden Pass (ascent of Bella Tola) to St. Luc, Vis- soye, or Zinal. 12th. At Zinal (visit the Alp Arpitetta, etc.). 13th. Cross the Col de Torrent to Evolena. 14th, 15th. At Evolena (Arolla and FerpMe), and return to Sion. 16th, 17th. Cross the Gemmi to Kandersteg and Thun (or by railway to Lausanne, Freiburg, and Bern). (Or: 15th. From Evolena to (Sfort and Martigny. 16th-20th. To Cha- monix, Geneva, etc., as in Tour III.) V. Seven Days from Bale. (Bernese Oberland, Rigi, St. Gotthard Railway, Italian Lakes.) 1st. From Bdle to Bern and Interlaken. 2nd. To Lauterbrunnen, Murren, and over the Wengevn-Alp to Grin- delwald. 3rd. Over the Great Scheidegg to Meiringen. 4th. Over the Briinig to Alpnach-Stad (ascent of Pilatus) and Lucerne. 5th. By the 4osad (p. 22), situated in a side-valley to the left, and Erlishach. To the S. of Sissach lies (7 M. ; diligence twice daily in IV4 hr. 14 /. Route 3. OLTEN. From Bale via Zunzgen, Tenniken, and Diegten) Eptingen or Ruch-Eptingen (1873' ^ *Curhaus, with saline and mineral baths, pens. 4-5 fr.), situated in a narrow valley at the base of the Hauenstein (footpath to Ldufelfingen^ see below, 1 hr.; to Langenbruck, see p. 13, iVi br.). The train turns to the S. into the narrow Eomburger-Thal, and beyond (16 M.) Sommerau passes through two tunnels. — 19V2 M. Ldufelfingen (2010'; Sonne), at the foot of the Hauenstein. On the summit of the Hauenstein, ascended in 3/4 lir. from stat. Laufel- fingen via Reisen and Erlimoos (each of which has a Curhaus), is situated the 'Frohburg (2770'; -Hotel & Pension, R. 2V2, B. IV4, pens. 6-7 fr.), commanding a beautiful view of the Alps, from the Sentis to Mont Blanc; in the foreground the Wartburg (see below) and the Wigger-Thal with the railway to Lucerne ; on the right rises Pilatus, on the left the Rigi. About 10 min. from the inn are some scanty ruins of a castle destroyed by an earthquake. Descent by Trimhach in 1 hr. to Olten. The train now enters the Hauenstein Tunnel, 2970 yds. long and traversed in five mlnntes. Beyond it we observe on a hill to the right the small chateau of Neu -Wartburg (see below), to the right of which, farther on, the Bernese Alps gradually become visible from the Wetterhorn to the Doldenhorn, with the Jungfrau in the middle (comp. the Panorama, p. 145). The train descends by a long curve to the Aare, crosses it, and ascends on the right bank to — 241/2 M. Olten. — *H6tel Suisse, R. 2V2, B. 1 fr. ; St. Gotthaed, unpretending, both at the station; Halbmond, well spoken of. — ''Rail. Restaurant. Carriages generally changed here. Detention of •^-'^ br. As we leave the waiting-rooms, the trains for Bale and Zurich are to the left, those for Lucerne and Bern to the right. Pocket-picking not uncommon here. Olten (1295'; 4936 inhab.), the second town in the canton of Soleure, prettUy situated on the Aare, is the junction of the lines to Aarau and Brugg (R. 7) , to Aarburg and Lucerne (R. 5) , to Bern (R. 4), and to Soleure and Neuchatel (see below). The Parish Church contains an Ascension by Disteli, and the Capuchin Church a Madonna by Deschwanden, Extensive railway-workshops and large shoe-manufactories. To the S.E. of Olten, on an isolated hill on the right bank of the Aare, rises the Neu-Wartburg or Salischloss (2235'; Restaurant), a small chateau with a fine view of the Alps from the Sentis to the Jungfrau. Good paths from Olten and from Aarburg to the top in V* ^^■ About 41/2 M. to the N.E. of Olten (diligence twice daily in summer in IV4 br.) are the sulphur -baths of Lostorf C Curhaus, moderate, pens. 5 fr.), prettily situated at the foot of the Jura. On a cliff above Q/t hr.) rises the small chateau of Wartenfels (2060'), with a fine view. Beyond Olten the train diverges to the right from the Bern and Lucerne line (p. 17), crosses the Aare, and traverses the plain watered by the Diinnem, at the base of the Jura. To the left the view of the Alps from the Glarnisch to the Altels is gradually un- folded. 26 M. Olten-Hammer ; 27^/2 M. Wangen; 29 M. Hagen- dorf. — 31 M. Egerkingen (Kreuz). Diligence twice daily in 40 min. to Friedau (2300' ; '^Cwhaus, pens. 5V2-6 fr.), situated on the slope of the Jura, and well fitted up. Beautiful view of the Alps from Sentis to Mont Blanc. Shady grounds and extensive wood-walks. The road also leads to Langenbruck, 3 M. farther on (see p. 13 ; diligence in summer daily). toBienne. SOLEURE. I. Route 3. 15 32 M. Oberbuchsiten i 36 M. (Ensingen (diligence twice daily in 13/4 hr. to Langenbruek , p. 13); 37 M. Niederbipp (to the right of which is Oberbipp , with a handsome modern chateau). At (41 M.) Wangen the train crosses the Aare. Beyond Deitingen and Luterbach we obtain a view of Soleure with the minster of St. Ours ; to the right are the Rothi and the Curhaus on the Weissenstein (p. 16). The train crosses the Orosse Emme, not far from its con- fluence with the Aare. — 47 M. Neu-Solothurn. Soleure. — Soleure has two Railway Stations : Neu-Solothurn, on the right bank of the Aare , for the lines to Olten , Herzogenbuchsee, Burgdorf, Lysfl, and Bienne, and Alt-Solothurn^ on the left bank, to the W. of the town, for the line to Bienne. Hotels. *Kkone, with cafe -restaurant, R., L., & A. 3, B. l'/*, I>. 3 fr. ; *Stobch; Hirsch; Thurm; Schwan, well spoken of. Soleure, OT Solothurn (1425'; 8462 inhah.), on the Aare, a quiet place, the capital of Canton Soleure , was incorporated with the Confederation in 1481, and claims to be the oldest town on this side of the Alps next to Treves, ('/n Celtis nihil est Salodoro antiquius, unis exceptis Tteviris, quarum ego dicta soror\ is the inscription on the clock-tower.) It was the Roman Salodurum. The Cathedral or St. Oues, a cathedral of the Bishopric of Bale (p. 4), was built in 1762-73 on the site of an edifice of 1050, in the form of a cross, surmounted with a dome and two half-domes. A flight of 36 steps leads to the facade. One of the adjoining foun- tains is adorned with a statue of Moses striking the rock, the other with a figure of Gideon wringing the dew from the fleece. The ten large altar-pieces, dating from the latter half of the 18th cent., are unimportant. The treasury, in the sacristy, contains some good artistic work in metal and textile fabrics of the 14-18th centuries. The *Ak8Bnal, not far from the cathedral, contains (on the second floor) a collection of ancient armour and weapons. Among the curiosities is a mitrailleuse of the 15th century. A large plastic group close to the entrance represents the reconciliation of the Confederates effected at the Diet of Stans in 1481 by Brother Klaus (p. 132). The oldest building in Soleure is the Clock Towbb, recently restored, which is said to have been erected in the 4th cent. B.C., but really an early Burgundian building of the 5th or 6th cent. A.D. The figures and mechanism of the clock resemble those at Bern (p. 146). The Natural History Cabinet, in the suburb on the right bank of the Aare, contains valuable collections of zoology and palaeontology. In the Cantonal School are a number of Roman and Mediaeval An- tiquities and the Cantonal Library. The Town Library contains about 40,000 vols, and 200 incunabula, besides coins and medals. The Municipal Picture Oallery possesses a *Virgin and Child, with SS. Ours and Martin of Tours, one of the chief works of Holbein the Younger (1522), much restored. — A tablet on No. 5 Gurzeln- gasse marks the house in which Thaddeus Kosciuszko died (1817). 16 I. Route 3. WEISSENSTEIN. The •"WeisflenBtein (4220"), 3 hours"' walk or drive to the N. of So- leure, is deservedly a very favourite point of view. It is reached either by the carriage- road via Ldngendorf and Oberdor/ (two -horse carr. in 2V2 trs., up "X), down 10, there and back 25 fr. and fee), or (preferable) by the footpath (guide or porter 4-5 fr.) ascending the Verena-Thal. Taking the latter, we pass the cathedral of St. Ours, and through the handsome Bale gate, and then bear to the left towards the Villa Carder with its two towers, where we turn to the right. Farther on we enter the avenue to the left, at the end of which we turn to the right towards the church of Si. Nicholat. Before reaching the church our route passes the Restaurant Wengistein and turns to the left into the *St. Verena-Thal (1 M. from Soleure), a narrow, cool, and shady ravine, V2 ^- in length. The path to the left, at the beginning of the gorge, leads to the Wengistein (see below). At the other end of the valley are quarries of Portland lime- stone, where interesting fossils are found. The blocks of granite on the neighbouring slopes are believed by geologists to have been deposited by ancient Alpine glaciers. This gorge is now converted into a promenade. At the N. end of the ravine is the Hermitage of St. "Verena. On the right are the hermit's dwelling and a chapel; on the left is a rock- hewn chapel, reached by a broad flight of steps, and containing a repre- sentation of the Holy Sepulchre with life-size figures. We may now ascend by the chapel to the crosses, pass near the large quarries (with 'Gletscher- schliffe\ or rocks worn by the action of the glaciers), and traverse the wood to the Wengistein, the view from which is similar to that from the Weissen- stein, though on a smaller scale. A huge granite boulder here bears a Latin inscription recording two memorable events in the history of Soleure. From the restaurant beyond the hermitage we take to the right, in the direction of the Weissenstein ; at (10 min.) the village of Widlishach we turn to the left and cross the hill to (12 min.) the hamlet of Fallern (1827'), at the foot of the Weissenstein. Above it we enter the wood to the left by a finger-post, ascend gradually, and then in steep zigzags to the (40 min.) first bench, above which there are several others. The path soon quits the wood and ascends an abrupt rocky gully, partly by means of steps. Farther up, the ascent is through wood and more gradual. In 40 min. we regain the road (to the left) above the Nesselboden Alp (3447'), and, foUowing it, reach in 40 min. more the *Curhaus on the Vordere Weitsenstein (4220'; R., L., & A. 3-4, B. IV4, D- 81/2, S. 21/2, pension 7-10 fr.; telephone to Soleure), a sanatorium surrounded by woods and pastures, and much resorted to in summer (English Church service). The footpath, diverging to the right at the end of the wide curve, 8 min. from the Nessel- boden Alp, and then ascending abruptly to the left at the post on the top, is a short-cut. The *ViEW is less picturesque, but more extensive than that from the Rigi; and no spot commands a better view of the whole Alpine chain from Tyrol to Mont Blanc. To the E. are distinguished the Sentis, the Glarnisch, with the Rigi in the foreground, the Todi between the Rigi and Pilatus, the lofty saddle of Titlis, and the Sustenhorn ; beyond Soleure are the Wetterhorn and Schreckhom, the Finsteraarhorn, Eiger, Monch, Jungfrau, Bliimlisalp, and Doldenhorn; then the Balmhorn, Altels, Wild- strubel, Wildhorn, Diablerets, and to the S. Mont Blanc. To the S.W. glitter the lakes of Bienne, Morat, and Keuchatel; the Aare winds to the S. through the fertile plains, and the Grosse Emme flows into it at the foot of the mountain. Pleasant walk to the W. through the wood to the (10 min.) Kdmeli (4093'). — The Rothi (4590"), 1/2 hr. to the E. of the hotel, commands an extensive view to the N. and E. of the Black Forest and Vosges, which are hid- den from the Weissenstein , and of the picturesque mountains and valleys of the Jura. — Towards the W. the view is concealed by the •Hasenmatt (4745'), I'/t hr. from the hotel , whence an uninterrupted panorama may be enjoyed. The path to it (white marks) leads across the pastures to the W. to (25 min.) the Hintere Weissenstein (4027'; Inn). A pleasanter route leads by the shady footpath, which enters the woods to the right above the pastures, but which must be quitted as soon as it begins BURaOORF. I. Route i. 17 to ascend more steepl.v. Shortly before reaching the Hintere Weissenatein we descend a little to the left and cross the ridge to (20 min.) the end of the meadows ; then descend for 1/4 hr. in the A'es.seZi^a/J, and ascend across pastures to (20 min.) the chalet of Althiisli (4375'; simple rfmts.), on the saddle, with a good spring. An easy path leads hence to the summit in 20 min. (the path, diverging to the left, 10 min. before the chalet, is shorter but steeper). — We may descend from the Hasenmatt or the chalet on the S. side, pass Lommtswyl ^ and regain Soleure, or the nearer station of Selzach (see below). Those returning from the Curhaus to Soleure fol- low the road from Fallern (p. 16) to (V2 M.) a sign-post with four arms, whence a path between pine-woods and large quarries brings them in V2 hr. to the N.W. gate of Soleure. Carriages may also be directed to return by a route affording an opportunity of visiting the St. Verena gorge. From Soleure to Herzogenhuchsee^ see below. From Soleure to Bdrgdorp (13 M.) by the Emmenthal railway in 40-50 minutes. The principal station is (7 M.) Uizensdorf, the largest village in the lower Emmen-Thal. Burgdorf, see below. From Soledre to Ltss (15 M.) by railway, skirting the right bank of the Aare, in I-IV2 hour. The chief intermediate station is (10 M.) Btiren (Krone), a small town with an old chateau. Ljjss, see p. 12. The Bienne line crosses the Aare. 48 M. Alt-Solothurn (p. 15) ; 51 M. Selzach; 54^/2 M. Grenchen or Granges; 57 M. Pieterlen. 63 M. Bienne, see p. 12. 4. From Bale to Bern via Herzogenbuchsee. 66 M. Railway in 3V4-43/4 hrs. (fares 11 fr. 50, 8 fr. 5, 5 fr. 75 c). To (241/2 M.) Olten, see pp. 13, 14. The line skirts the right bank of the Aare ; to the left, the chateau of Neu- Wartburg (p. 14). 27 M. Aarburg [1285' ; *Krone; Bar'), a thriving little town (2079 inhab.), picturesquely situated on the Aare (junction for Lu- cerne, p. 18). The old castle on a hill, built in 1660, is now a factory. As we proceed we have glimpses of the Alps, first to the right and then to the left. The line continues on the right bank of the Aare. 30 M. Rothrist ; 33 M, Murgenthal, where we cross the Murg; 35 M. Roggwyl; 3772 M. Langenthal (*Bar; Lowe), a thriving village with a busy timber-trade (branch-line in 40 min, to Huttwil) ; 391/2 M. Butzberg. 42 M. Herzogenbuchsee (1500' 5 2316 inhab. ; *Sonne; Hot. de la Gare) is a considerable place , with a loftily situated church. To Soleure (91/2 M.) railway in 40 minutes. 2V2 M. Inkwyl; 5V2 M. Subigen; 7 M. Derendingen, beyond which we cross the Grosse Emme to Neii- Solothurn (p. 15). Near (45^2 M.) Riedwyl we enter a grassy valley with wooded slopes. Beyond (48 M.) Wynigen a long tunnel (1 min.). The train crosses the Grosse Emme to — 521/2 M. Burgdorf, Fr. Berthoud {iSQ3' -, Hot. Guggisberg, Hot. de la Gave, both at the station ; Maison de Ville ; Ours), a busy town (6876 inhab.), picturesquely situated. The substantially built houses are flanked with 'Lauben', or arcades, as at Bern. The public buildings, the hospital, schools, orphanage, and technical Institute testify to the wealth and taste of the community. In the chateau of Baedeker, Switzerland. 16th Edition. 2 18 I. Routed. ZOFINGEN. Burgdorf, in 1798, Pestalozzi established his famous school, which in 1804 he removed to Yverdon (p. 214). Beautiful views from the church and chateau; finer from the Lueg (2885'), 2 hrs. to the E. From Bcrgdorf to Langnau, 14 M., railway in ^/t-i hr. The line ascends the fertile Emmen-Thal. 21/2 M. Oberburg ; ^^/-z M. Hasle-Riiegsau. From Riiegsau, IV2 M. to the N.E. of the railway, the Rachisberg (2768'; line view of the Alps and the Jura) may be ascended in V2 hr. — 6 M. LiitzelflUh-Qoldbach. Lutzelfliih was the home of the pastor Albert Bitzins (d. 1854), a popular author well-known under the name of Jeremias Gott- helf. — 7V2 M. Ramset/Sumiswald (the latter lying 3 M. to the N.); 9 M. Zollbriick; 14 M. Langnau (p. 140). From Burgdorf to Soleure, see p. 17. 541/2 M. Lyssach. Beyond (5G M.) Hindelbank a monument, to the left of the railway, commemorates the battle between the Bern- ese and the French in the Grauholz, March 15th, 1798. — 59 M. Schonbiihl. Beyond(61V2M^0 Zollikofen (junction for Btenne, p. 12) the train crosses the iron Worblaufen Bridge (below, to the right, the handsome Tiefenau Bridge over the Aare) and then ascends through a cutting to the Wyler Feld^ whence, to the left, we obtain a magnificent view of the Bernese Alps (comp. Panorama, p. 145). To the right is the suburb Lorraine, beyond which we cross the Aare and enter the station of Bern. The *Bridge, 200 yds. long and 142' high, has a roadway for ordinary traffic below the railway. — 66 M, Bern, see p. 144. 5. From Bale to Lucerne. 59 M. Railway in 2V2-4V2 hrs. (fares 10 fr. 25, 7 fr. 15, 5 fr. 10 c). To (27 M.) Aarburg , the junction for Bern (R. 4), see p. 17. The Lucerne line traverses the broad grassy Wiggerthal. 30 M. Zofingen (1430'; pop. 4496; Rossli; Ochs), a busy little town. The library in the Town Hall contains a collection of coins, autographs of Swiss reformers, and the album of the society of Swiss artists, founded in the year 1806, which formerly met at Zo- fingen annually. On the branches of the fine old lime-trees near the Schiitzenhaus two 'ball-rooms' have been constructed. In the Bleichegut, near the town, are the remains of a Roman bath. From Zofingen to Suhr, railway in 36 minutes. Stations Sa/enwi/l. Kolliken, Entfelden, well-to-do villages, and (IOV2 M.) Suhr^ the junction for Aarau and Baden (p. 22). 33 M. Reiden, an old lodge of the knights of Malta, now a par- sonage. 35 M. Dagmersellen ; 37 M. Nebikon (diligence daily in 3 hrs., via Willisau, to Wohlhausen in the Entlebuch, p. 138). To the right appear the Bernese Alps; in the centre the Jungfrau, with the Monch and Eiger to the left of it and the Altels to the right. Beyond (39'/2 M.) Wmiwyl the little Mauensee, with its island and castle, lies on the right. 431/2 M. Sursee (1690'; pop. 2135; Sonne; HirscK), an old town , over whose gates the double eagle of Hapsburg is still enthroned. The Town Hall recalls the Burgundian style. RHEINFELDEN. I. Route 6. 19 Near (46 M.) Nottwyl we approach the Lake of Sempach (1663'), 5 M. long, 11/2 M. broad, and abounding in fish. On a hill to the right rises Schloss Wartensee. 491/2 M- Sempach. The small town (pop. 1097; Kreuz; Adler, moderate) liesl^^M. to the N., on the S.E. bank of the lake. Near Sempach Duke Leopold of Austria was signally defeated on 9th July, 1386, by the Swiss Confederates, owing, according to the story, to the noble self-sacrifice of Arnold von Winkelried. The duke himself and 263 of his knights were slain. A column surmounted by a lion was erected beside the church in 1886 on the 500th anniversary of the victory. A Chapel (2064'), IV2 M. to the N.E. of Sempach, marks the spot where Leopold fell. His uncle, another Duke Leopold, had been defeated by the Swiss 71 years before at Morgarten (p. 80j. The anniversary is still kept. The train intersects plantations of firs. On the right appear the precipitous cliffs and peaks of Pilatus; on the left the long crest of the Rigi; between these tower the snowy Alps (see p. 83); the isolated mountain adjacent to Pilatus, rising above the lake, is the Titlis. 53 m. Rothenburg ; 56 M. Emmenbriicke (Hotel Emmen- briicke ; Restaurant Seethal) , the junction of the 'Seethal' line to Lenzburg (p. 140). The line crosses the Emme , a little above its junction with the Reuss, and follows the latter, being joined on the left by the Ziirich and Lucerne line (p. 81), and on the right by the Bern and Lucerne line (p. 138). Lastly we pass through a tunnel under the Gutsch (p. 85). 59 M. Lucerne, see p. 81. 6. From Bale to Ziirich. 56 M. Railway in 2V4-3V2 hrs. (fares 9 fr. 40, 6 fr. 60, 4 fr. 75 c.). To (5 M.) Pratteln, see p. 13. Near (71/2 M.) Augst, pictur- esquely situated, we cross the Ergolz and approach the Rhine. On the left is Kaiser- Augst^ with salt-works and an old church; opposite, on the left bank of the Ergolz is the hamlet of Basel-Augst (p. 3). 101/2 M^' Rheinfelden. — *Gkand Hotel des Salines, 5 min. above the town , pension 8-12 fr. ; *H6tel Dietscht zcr Krone , with terrace on the Rhine; *Hot.-Pens. zum Schutzen, R. & A. IV2-6, B. 1 , D. 2V'-', pens. 6-71/2, omn. 1/2 fr. ; *Deeikonig, pens. 5fr. ; Schiff, R., L., & A. 1V2-2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 5fr., all with salt-baths; 'Bellevue, well situated on the right bank of the Rhine, R. IV2-2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 5-6 fr. 5 beer at the Salmen. — English Church Service in summer. Rheinfelden (873'), an old town with 2400 inhab., once strongly fortified, with walls and towers still partly preserved , was one of the outposts of the Holy Roman Empire. After repeated sieges it was razed to the ground by the French in 1744. Since 1801 it has belonged to Switzerland. The foaming river here dashes over the rocks, forming the Hollenhakerh rapids. Near the town are extensive salt-works on the Rhine. We quit the Rhine, which here describes a bend to the N., pass (13 M.) Mohlin and (17 M.) iV/ump/'(^-Soolbad zur Sonne ; Giintert), 2* 20 /. Route 0. BADEN. From Bale and then return to the river for a short distance. — I8Y2 M. Stein (990'; •Lowe), connected by a covered bridge with Sdckingen fp. 23). Fkom Steik to Coblenz, 16 M., railway in 48 min. (2 fr. 80, 2 fr., 1 fr. 40 c). The line skirts ihe left bank of the Rhine; stations Sisseln, Lau/enbtirg (p. 23), Sulz, Etzgin, Schwaderloch , Leibstoit, Felsenav; then across the Aare to Coblenz (p. 23). We quit the Rhine, and at (20^2 M.) Eiken enter the fertile Sisseln-Thal. 23 M. FWcfc (1120'; Adler; Engel), a considerable village. The train ascends in a long curve to (26 M.) Hornussen (1275'). 28V2 M. Effingen (1425'), the highest point on the line. Then a tunnel, 2697 yds. long (4 min.l, under the Botzberg (1945'), the Mons Vocetius of the Romans. 31 M. Botzeneyy is the station for the village of Schinznach (p. 23). The train gradually descends, affording a magnificent view of the valley of the Aare to the right, and, in clear weather, of the St. Gall, Glarus, and Schwyz Alps, and crosses the Aare by a bridge 259 yds. long and 104' high. 36 M. Brugg (1096'; pop. 1572; ^Rothes Haus ; *Rdssli; Hot. Bahnhof; Rail. Restaurant), an antiquated little town, the junction for Aarau and Waldshut (R. 7), is best surveyed from the bridge over the Aare , here hemmed in by rocks. The 'Schwarze Thurm\ by the bridge, dates from the later Roman Empire ; the upper part was rebuilt in the 15th century. The ancient Abbey of Konigsfelden (3/4 M. to the S.E. of Brugg), for- merly a convent of Minorites, was founded in 1310 by the Empress Eliza- beth and her daughter, Queen Agnes of Hungary, on the spot where Albert of Austria, husband of the former, had been murdered two years before (1308) by John of Swabia and his accomplices. It was secularised in 15285 t^6 building was converted into an hospital, and in 1872 into a lunatic asylum. Of the old buildings there now remain the S. part only, the church, and the dwelling of Queen Agnes, which last now contains a collection of antiquities. The stained-glass *Windows in the choir, opposite the door, are of the 14th cent, and portray the history of Agnes, etc. Part of the choir, with the tomb of Duke Leopold (p. 19), is now a cart-shed. On the walls are portraits of the chief knights who fell at Sempach (painted soon after the battle, but now much damaged). On the tongue of land formed by the Reuss and the Aare once stood the considerable Helvetian town of Vindonissa, which in the early centu- ries of the Christian era was the headquarters of a Roman legion with its Rheetian cohorts, as is proved by inscriptions. The position of the amphi- theatre is recognisable ; and the well of the Abbey of Konigsfelden is fed by a subterranean Roman conduit. The town was destroyed in the 5th cent., and there is now no trace of its extensive edifices ^ but the name still survives in that of the village of Windisch , 1 M. to the E. of Brugg. From Brugg to Wohlen, 11 M., railway in 40 minutes. — 3 M. Birr- feld; 5V2 M. Othmarsingen (Junction for Wettingen and Aarau, p. 22); 71/2 M. Hendschikon (p. 22); 8V2 M. Dottikon-Dintikon (p. 22); 11 M. Woh- len-Villmergen. (To Rothkreuz, see p. 22.) We cross the Reuss near its union with the Aare, and beyond (38 M.) Turgi (p. 23 ; Buffet), reach the Limmat and follow its left bank. The steep slopes are clad with vines. 42 M. Baden fl257'; pop. 3887 ; *H6tel de la Gare, R., L., & A. IV2-2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 6 fr. ; '''Hotel de la Balance, R. i^l-2-% B. 1, D. 2, pens. 6^2 ir.) was much visited even in Roman times for to Zurich. WETTINGEN. /. Route 6. 21 the sake of its mineral springs (Aquae Helvetiae). In the reign of Nero, according to Tacitus (Hist. i. 67), it had all the appearance of a town ('■in modum municipii exstructus locus, amoeno salubrium aquarum usu frequens'). In the middle ages Baden was a fortress, and down to the beginning of the 15th cent, was often the residence of the counts of Hapsburg. The extensive ruins of the fortress Stein zu Baden (1505'), destroyed in 1415 and again in 1712, rise above the town (}/^\m:. from the station); pretty view from the top and from the adjacent Cafe Belvedere. The hot mineral springs (98^-126'' Fahr.) lie in the narrow val- ley of tlie Limmat (1190'), 5min. to the N. of the station, 1/2 ^• from the town. The ^Small Baths' (Adler ; Engel ; Hirsch ; Rebstock ; Schwan), in Ennetbaden, on the right bank of the Limmat, are chiefly frequented by the neighbouring peasantry ; the 'Great Baths' (*N€U€ Cur anst alt Baden, or Grand Hotel, ipens.S-i2fv. ; Schiff ; *Verenahof, 8 fr. ; *Blume; Schweizerhof, 6-7 fr. ; Freihof; *Limmathof; Ochs; *Bdr) lie on the left bank. The Bahnhof-Str. leads from the station to the handsome Cursaal, with its pleasant grounds (*Restaurant ; music several times daily) and to the Curanstalt (see above). Good view from the lower Limmat bridge (1175'); opposite, on the right bank, is the Cafe Brunner, with a garden. From the upper bridge a footpath leads to the left to (1/2 M.) the Restaurant Schartenfels, which commands a fine view. From Baden to Aarau, see p. 22 5 station on the S.W. side of the up- per town, 1 M. from the hatha. We pass through a short tunnel under the Stein zu Baden (see above), and cross the Limmat to (43 M.) Wettingen. The village lies on the left, at the foot of the vine-clad Ldgerngebirge (2830'); on the right, surrounded by the Limmat, are the extensive buildings and gardens of the former Cistercian Abbey of Wettingen, now a seminary for teachers. The church contains a sarcophagus in which the remains of the Emp. Albert (see p. 20) reposed for 15 months before their removal to Spires. Stained- glass windows of the 16th and 17th cent., carved stalls of the 17th. From Wettingkn to Oerlikon, 131/2 M., railway in IV4 hr. — 21/2 M. Wurenlos; 4^2 M. Otelfingen-Daenikon (branch-line by Bucks and Nieder- glatl to Billach, p. 48); 6 M. Buclis-Daellikon; 8'/2 M. Regensdovf-Watt , a j/ttle to the E. of which is the small Katzensee ('Inn); IOV2 M. Afol- fcrn; 121/2 M. Seebach; 131/2 M. Oerlikon (p. 48l. The train again crosses the deep bed of the Limmat and follows its left bank to Ziirich. 46M. Killwangen. — i^^. Dietikon(1285'; Lowe'). It was here that Massena effected his famous passage of the Limmat, 24th Sept., 1799, after which he repulsed the Russians and took Ziirich. — 51 M. Schlieren; 53^/2 M. Altstetten (p. 78). To the right stretches the long ridge of the Uetli with its inn (p. 39). We now cross the Sihl and enter the station of — 56 M. Zurich, see p. 33. 22 7. From 01 ten to Waldshut via Aarau and Brugg. 32'/2 M. Railway in 2 hrs. (fares 5 fr. bO, 4 fr., 3 fr. 85 c). Olten, see p. 14. The train runs near the Aare as far as Brugg. To the left rise the picturesque Jura Mts. 4 M. Ddnikon; 51/2 M. Schonenwerth ; on the opposite bank of the Aare is Schloss Gosgen , with a ruined tower. A tunnel now carries us under the loftily situated town of — 8V2 M. Aarau (1263'; pop. 6809; *Rdssli; *Ochs,- *Lbw€; * Wilder Mann R. 2fr.; U.S. Consular Agent), a manufacturing place, the capital of Canton Aargau, on the Aare (which is crossed by a suspension-bridge, constructed in 1850), and at the foot of the Jura, the slopes of which at places are planted with the vine. The Gross-Eathsgebdude contains fine stained glass (from the Abbey of Muri, 16th cent.) and the Cantonal Library (60,000 vols.). The Geographical and Commercial Society of Central Switzerland has here founded an interesting * Ethnographical Industrial Museum. A house in the Rathhaus-Platz (No. 882) contains interesting anti- quities from Vindonissa (p. 20). The historian Heinrich Zschokke (d. 1848) once lived here; his house, the ^Blumenhalde\ is passed on the pleasant walk across the suspension-bridge to the(Y4hr.)*A^pen- zeiger on the Hungerberg (Restaurant, with fine view; pens. 4 fr.). Above the tovv^n, to the K., rises the Wasserjluh (2850"), and to the N.E. the Giselafluh (2540'), over v?hich a path, with a view of the lakes of Hallwyl and Baldegg, leads to the Baths of Schinznach. — Pleasant road from Aarau by Erlisbach (p. 13) to the (4 M.) 'Laurenzenbad, prettily situat- ed in the Jura. — About 6 M. to the W. of Aarau are the sulphur-balhs of Lostorf (p. 14), the road to which passes Erlisbach and Stiisslingen. — From Aarau to Sissach over the Scha/mait, see p. 13. Fkom Aaeac to FlOthkkeuz, 29V2 31., railway in IV2-2 hrs. — 4 M. Ruppevstceil (see below); 6 M. Lenzhurg (p. 142) ; 8M. Hendschikon ; 10 M. Dotti- kon-Dintikon; 12V2 M. Wohlen-Villmergen^ two considerable villages (junc- tion for Brugg and Bale, p. 20). Branch-line hence to the E. to (5 M.) Bremgarten (Drei Konige; Kreuz), a small town on the Reuss, with a chateau. — Then (16 M.) Boswyl-Biinzen and the (18 M.) charmingly situated Muri (1590'; ''Lowe, with salt and mineral baths, pens. 4-5V2 fr. ; Adler), with a former Benedictine Abbey burned down in 1889, but to be rebuilt. Near the town is the picturesque wooded Miihltohel with several waterfalls. On a hill, li,2 hr. to the S.E., is 'Schloss Eorhen (2625'; pens, from 4 fr.), with e.xtensive wood-walks and a beautiful view. — 2OV2 M. Benzenschwyl ; 22V2 M. Miihlau, on the Reuss; 25 M. Sins; 27 M. OberrilH. We then cross the Reuss to (291/2 M.) Rothkreuz (pp. 80, 109). Feom Aaead to Baden, iV/i M.. railway in I'/s hr. — 3 M. Suhr (branch-line to Zofingen^ p. 18); 51/2 M. Eunzenschicyl (on the right rises the Staufberg. see below). 71/2 M. Lenzburg (p. 142; -Seethalbahn' to Lucerne , see R. 41), where the Aa is crossed. IOV2 M. Othmarsingen^ junction for Brugg and Wohlen (p. 20). Near (11 M.) Mdgentcyl ^ on a spur of the Kestenberg, to the left, rises Schloss Braunegg. The train crosses the Reuss. 13V2 M. Mellingen; 15V2 M. Ddttwyl; 17V2 M. Baden (the station lies to the S.W. of the upper town, see p. 20). On the left, beyond the Aare, at the foot of the Giselafluh, lies Biberstein, with an old castle. 13 M. Ruppersweil ; to the right the Staufberg and the chateau of Lenzburg (p. 142"). — 15 M. Wildegg (Aarhof), with a castle of that name, at the foot of the Wiilpelsberg, has mineral springs containing iodine and bromine, the water of SACKINGEN. /. Route 8. 23 wliich is exported. On a hill beyond the Aare rises Schlosa WUden- stein. — 171/2 M. Stat. Schinznach lies 1/2 M. from Bad Schinznach (1203'), on the right bank of the Aare, with sulphur-baths, fre- quented by French visitors [physician, Dr. Amsler; R. in the Neues Bad from 4, board 8, bath 2, music 1/2 fr. per day; in the Altes Badj frequented by Swiss visitors, about half as much). The baths lie at the foot of the WUlpelsberg (1686'), on the top of which 0/2 hi\) are the ruins of the Habsburg, the cradle of the imperial family of Austria, erected by Count Radbod von Altenburg about 1020. The tower, with walls 8' thick, is the only part now standing. The ad- joining house is occupied by a farmer. The view embraces the entire dominions of the ancient counts of Hapsburg, and the valleys of the Aare, Reuss, and Limmat, bounded on the S. by the Alps. — The village of Schinznach lies about 2'/2 M. to the S.W., on the left bank of the Aare. The nearest station is Botzmegg (p. 20). 191/2 M. Brugg, and thence to (22 M.) Turyi, see p. 20. The Waldshut train crosses the Limmat near its influx into the Aare, passes Stat. Siggenthal, and traverses the broad valley of the Aare, which it approaches near (28 M.) Dbttingen-Klingnau. It then describes a wide curve, passes through a tunnel, and crosses the Rhine near (3072 M.) Coblenz, above the mouth of the Aare. 321/2 M. Waldshut, see p. 24. 8. From Bale to Schaffhausen and Constance. 89 M. Baden Railway in 5hrs. (to Schaffhausen 9fr. 50, 6fr. 30, 4 fr. 5 c.; to Constance 14 fr. 50, 9 fr. 65, 6 fr. 20c.). Neuhausen (p. 24) is the station for the Falls of the Rhine (R. 9). Views to the rigid. — Steamer from Schaffhausen to Constance in 3i/2-4 hrs. (descending inShrs.), pleas- ant if time and weather permit (see p. 25; fares 4 fr., 1 fr. 95 c). Bale (Baden station), see p. 2. We traverse a fertile plain between the S . spurs of the Black Forest and the Rhine. 3 M. Grenzach ,• 5 M. Wyhlen (Hotel Bilmaier) ; 71/2 M. Herthen. At (10 M.) Bei Rheinfelden (*Bellevue), opposite Rheinfelden (p. 19), the line ap- proaches the Rhine, which here dashes over rocks. The left bank is precipitous and wooded. — 12 M. Beuggen; to the right are a large reformatory and a seminary, formerly a Teutonic lodge. IbM. Nieder- schworstadt. To the left of (17 M.) Brennet opens the *Wehrathal (see Baedeker 3 Rhine). 20 M. Sackingen (957'; Soolbad or Lowe; Schutze), a consider- able town, has a large abbey-church with two towers. The castle on the Rhine, which figures in Scheffel's poem 'Der Trompeter von Sackingen', is now the property of Hr. Balli. Pretty grounds. 24 M. Murg (Zum Murgthal), where we cross the Murg. Op- posite (251/2 M.) Laufenburg (*Post) is the Swiss town of Laufen- burg (980'; Rheinsoolbad ; Adler) , very picturesquely placed on the left bank, with its lofty church, ruined castle, and old watch- towers (railway-station, see p. 20). The Rhine here forms impetuous rapids called the '■Laufen. A long tunnel; then, beyond (29 M.) Albert- Hauenstein, a lofty 24 /. Route A\ SCHAFFHAUSEN. Frcm Bale viaduct. At intervals we approach the river. Near (30 M.) Albbruck (Zum Albthal) the Alb is crossed. 32 M. Dogem. 35 M. Waldshut (1122'; *Hutel Schdtzle, at the station; ^Eotel Blumt; Rebstock, in the town") lies high above the river. — Railway to Turgi (for Ziirich), see p. 23 ; to Winterthur, see p. 48. Beyond Waldshut a tunnel ; to the right, occasional glimpses of the Alps. Before (38 M.) Thiengen (Krone) we cross the Schliicht, and at (4072 M.) Oberlauchringen the Wutach. To the right, on a wooded height, is the ruin of Kiissenberg . Stations Griessen, Erzin- gen, Wilchingen-nallau, Neunkirch, Beringen, and (571/2 M.) Neu- hausen, the station for the Falls of the Rhine (p. 26). 59 M. Schaflfhansen. — Hot. Muller, E., L., & A. from 21/2, B. IV4, d^j. 21/2- D. 3, pens, from 6 fr. ; Rheinischer Hop, similar charges; "RiESE, R., L., (fc A. 2-21/2. B. 11/4, lunch 2, D. 21/2, pens. 7 fr., all three at the station; *Post, in the Herrenacker. 3min. from the station; *Schwan, R., L., & A. 2-21/2, B. 1, D. 2-21/2. pens. 8 fr. ; Krone, E., L.. & A. 2-6, B. I-I1/4, lunch 11/2-2, D. from 2, pens. 5-7 fr. ; *Tanne, plain, R., L, & A. 11/4-2. B. 1, D. 11/2. pens. 41/2 fr. ; Schiff, on the Rhine, unpretending. — Restaurant Rebmann., at the station; Rail. Restaurant. — Baths in the Rhine, at the upper end of the town. 6-1 and 5-8, for ladies 2-5. Schaffhausen (1415'; pop. 12,400), the capital of the canton of that name, still retains some of the features of a Swabian town of the empire. It presents a most picturesque appearance when seen from the village of Feuerthalen, on the left bank of the Rhine, or from the Villa Charlottenfels (1385') on the right bank. Hr. Moser (d. 1874), the late proprietor of the villa, originated the imposing Waterworks in the Rhine (outside the Miihlenthor) , by means of ■which the factories of the tovm are supplied with water-power. The Cathedral, once an abbey-church, an early-Romanesque basilica, was erected in 1052-1101. Interior lately restored. The Gothic cloisters are tolerably preserved. The inscription on the great bell, cast in 1486: Vivos voco, mortuos plango , fulgura frango, suggested Schiller's beautiful 'Lied von der Glocke'. The late- Gothic Church of St. John contains an excellent new organ. The castle of Munot (properly Unnot), built in 1564-82 and recently restored, commands the town. It consists of a round tower containing a winding inclined plane instead of a staircase, with walls 16' thick (fine view from the top). The Imthurneum, in the Herrenacker, erected and presented to the town by Hr. Imthurn (d. 1881), a native of Schaffhausen and a London banker, contains a theatre, a music-school, and concert rooms. Opposite is the Museum, with natural history specimens and antiquities (including those found in the Kesslerloch near Thayingen), and the town-library. In the neighbouring govern- ment buildings is preserved a large ancient onyx, representing a goddess of peace (adm. 11-12 gratis; at other times 1 fr.). In the pretty Fdsenstaub Promenade is a bust of the Swiss his- torian Johannes v. Miiller (b. at Schaffliausen, 1752; d. at Cassel, 1809). The lofty terrace affords a fine view of the Rhine and the Alps. to Constance. SINGEN. /. Route 8. 25 From Schaflfhausen to the Falls of the Rhine (2 M.), see p. 27. Car- riage with one horse to the Schlosschen Worth, and back from Neuhausen to Schaflhausen. including stay of 1 hr., 7 fr. Omnibus from the Schaflf- hausen station 12 times daily, see p. 27. — Pretty walk through the Miihlen- Thal to the Seckelamfskiisli^ with a view of the Alps, and back to Schaflf- hausen by the "Hochfiuh (another fine point of view) and the suburb of Steig {V/-Z hr. in all). Other fine views may be obtained from the Beringer Uanden (belvedere), 4M. to the W. (toBerin'gen station in 20min., see p. 24), and from the Hohe Randen (2965'), IOV2 M. to the N.W., reached vik Ilemmen- stadt or Merishausen. — From Feuerthalen to Etzweilen, see p. 32. Stations Herhlingen, Thayingen, and Gottmadingen. — 71 M. Singen (* Krone ; ^Adler; Ekkehard; Rail. Restaurant), the junction for the Black Forest Railway. Ahout 3 M. to the N.W. rises the *Hohentwiel (2245'), with grand ruins and a noble view (see Bae- deker^s Southern Germany'). From Singen to Etzweilen, railway in 1/2 l^r. (1 fr. 30, 90, 65 c). Stations Rielasingen, Ramsen. We cross the Rhine between Hemishofen and Rheinklingen (see below). 9 M. Etzweilen (p. 32). 751/2 M. Rickelshausen. — 771/2 M. Radolfzell (*Schiffi Krone; *Sonne)y an old town on the Vntersee, with a Gothic church of 1436. Near it, on the lake, is the Villa Seehalde, with a monument to the poet Victor v. Scheffel (d. 1886). — 78 M. Markelfingen; 82 M. AlUnshach. — 86 M. Reichenau is the station for the island of that name, situated to the right in the Untersee and connected with the shore by an embankment. The island of Reichenau (3 M. long, l^/t M. wide), now belonging to Baden, was formerly the seat of a celebrated Benedictine Abbey, founded in 724 and secularized in 1799. The Schaflfhausen and Constance steamers touch at the island twice daily (see below). The road from the shore leads past the ruined tower of the castle of Schopeln, which was destroyed as early as 1384. The former collegi.ite church of St. George, near the houses of Oberzell, is a Romanesque basilica of the lith and 12th cent., with interesting frescoes of the l()th century. — In the centre of the island lies its chief village, Mittelzell (Mohren ; Bar), with lOOO inhabitants. The parish churcb, orMiinster, is the former abbey church, which was consecrated in 806, and contains tbe remains of Charles the Fat, great-grandson of Charle- magne, who was dethroned in 887. The present edifice is a basilica) the 11th and 12th cent., borne by columns, with two transepts and a late- Gothic choir of 1148-51; the treasury, in the sacristy, contains several fine reliquaries. — The church of Unterzell , on the N.W. aide of the island, is another basilica of the 9-12th centuries. The train passes the large barracks of Petershausen and crosses the Rhine to (89 M.) Constance (p. 29), by an iron bridge embel- lished with statues. Steamboat kkom Schaffhausen to Constance. Charts of the journey are sold for 30 c. on board the steamboats. Below the stations are indi- cated with daggers. Pier above the bridge, near Schloss Munot (p. 24), op- posite Feuerthalen. — Right : Paradies, formerly a nunnery. + Left : Biisingen, with an old church. R. St. Catharinenthal, formerly a nunnery, now a hospital for in- curables; opposite (left) Villa Rheinhurg. t R. Diessenhofen (1325'; Adler; Lowe; Hirsch), the Roman Ouno- durum. The Rhine is crossed here by a covered wooden bridge , below which the steamer lowers its funnel. R. Rheinklingen; left, Bibern. We now pass under the handsome 26 1. Route 8. STEIN. bridge of the 'Nordostbalm' (see p. 26). L. Hemisho/en , with the ruin of Wolkenstein above. R. Wagenhausen. t L. Stein ('(Sonne; "Robe), a picturesque old town, connected with the village of Burg (Wasserfels) by a new wooden bridge, and a station on the Winterthur railway (p. 32). The suppressed monastery of St. George contains a hall with a vaulted wooden roof, erected in 1515, and embel- lished with frescoes. The Rathhaus contains stained glass, old weapons, etc. The old chateau of Hohenklingen (1945'), on a hill to the N. of the town, affords an admirable view. Above Stein is the island of St. Othmar., with the chapel of that name. The Rhine widens, the steamer enters the TJntersee. R. Eschenz (p. 32) ; on the hill above it the chateau of Freudenfels. + L. Oberstaad, an old mansion with a square tower, now occupied by dye-works; beyond it the suppressed monastery of Oehningen. i R. Mammern (p. 32): in the wood, the ruin of Keuburg ; on the bank, the house of Olarisegg. \ L. Wangen and the chateau of Marbach (now a hydropathic). t R. Steckborn (p. 32). Below it, the former nunnery of Feldbach. t R. Berlingen (p. 32). The lake expands, and we now see the island of Reichenau (p. 25). On the hill to the right is the chateau of Eugens- berg , erected by Eugene Beauharnais, vice-king of Italy, and now the property of Count Reichenbach-Lessonitz. t R. Mannenbach (p. 32), charmingly situated, above which is the handsome pinnacled chateau of Salenstein ; then, on a wooded hill, Arena- berg (1052'), once the residence of Queen Hortense (d. 1837) and her son Is^'apoleon III. (d. 1873), now the property of the ex-Empress Eugenie. + L. Reichenau, on the island of Reichenau (p. 25). + R. Erma.tingen (p. 31), prettily situated on a promontory; on the hill above it, Schloss Wolfsberg (1690'; =H6tel-Pension, pens. 3V2-6 fr.). The neighbouring Schloss Hard^ with its beautiful garden, is not visible. We now enter the narrow arm of the Rhine connecting the TJnter- see with the Lake of Constance. t R. Gottlieben (Krone), with a chateau, restored by jSapoleon III., in which Huss and Jerome of Prague, and afterwards Pope John XXII. were confined by order of the Council. Baron Scherer's chateau of Castel, on the hill at the back of the village, was built by Tafel of Stuttgart and is sumptuously fitted up(Alhambra room, frescoes by Haberlin, etc.). Beautiful retrospect of the Untersee, with the peaks of the Hohgau in the distance. The banks now become flat, and at places marshy. We thread our way through reedy shallows (1. Peter shausen ^ with large barracks), and at length pass under the handsome railway-bridge of ConBtance (p. 29). Passengers are landed at the pier with a lighthouse at its E. end. 9. The Falls of the Rhine. Hotels. On the hill on the right bank, near stat. Neuhausen (p. 24): *ScHWEiZEBHOF, 3 min. from the railway-station. R., L., & A. from 5, B. IV2, lunch 3, L). 5, pens, from 9 fr. , omn. 75 c, with extensive grounds and the finest view of the Falls and the Alps; ^Bellevue, at the rail, station, R., L., & A. 4, B. 11/4- lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 8V2 fr. — At Neuhausen : -Hotel Rheinfall, R., L., & A. 2-21/2, B. 11/4, lunch 21/2, D- 3, pens. 5-7, omn. V2 fr. — On the left bank, above the Falls, -Hot. Schloss Ladfen, 1/2 M. from Dachsen station (p. 32), R., L., & A. 2i/2-4, B. IV4, lunch 2V2, D. 31/2, pens. 6-7, omn. 1 fr. ; 'Hot. Witzig, at stat. Dachsen, 1/2 M. from the Falls (p. 32). Illumination of the Falls with electric and Bengal lights every evening in summer, for which 3/^-1 fr, is charged in the hotel-bill. — English Church in the 'Schweizerhof grounds. The station for the Falls on the right bank is NeuhaiLsen (p. 24) on the Baden Railway, that on the left bank Dachsen (p. 32) on the Swiss line. The best way to see the Falls is to start from Neuhausen and follow the route described below (cross the bridge to Schloss Lau/en , descend to TCiTo meter ^ mfcia-iionn t„hJiX^ «^I." ^*^1 O '^. ^ \7 ^ //.- 1 loncihuinssaal C t 'IJTaus I hohen Unfiii B -t Kirclieji S^Aurjusbna^ Ji B.5 Mmsiej- B 3 otestarU K A.^ Steplimis K "B fc -if^ ^-^'^r- ci - -^v<^ Pf %. -—> \0 ,SienexdmkiimL C4 ^y. ^-'^llu 'J ^.^ - ^^' \n 15 () (1 .1 n s l_^ Koda.i ^' ' ' "■>'-k 'At* '^ w^^' v>.: L Ga&tliufe • a rnsel-Hotel C A I c- ///;W Ualm C 5. (1 ///r/;/ r •*. o SchonebecJi C 5. 1* Baihscher Hot" B S. JWmterOncrC lHamajiBlinni !)ebps^ KiideTV Vagnert FALLS OF THE RHINE. I. Route 9. 27 the Fischeiz, cross to the Schlosschen WSrth, and return through the grounds, IV2 hr. in all). This round is often taken in the reverse direc- tion, but as the Fischetz, the most striking point of all, is then visited first, the other points lose much of their impressiveness. — Travellers who desire to combine a visit to the falls with the journey to or from Switzer- land alight at stat. Dachsen, walk or drive (omnibus there and back 1 fr.) to (V2 M.) Lau/en, descend through the grounds to the Fischetz, cross to the Schldsachen Worth, and return to Schloss Laufen by the Rheinfall-Briicke; or descend from Worth by the road on the right bank to the i^/t M.) vil- lage of If^ohl, cross the river (ferry 15-20 c), and regain Dachsen in a few minutes. — The pleasantest way to visit the Falls from Schaffhausen (p. 24) is to drive in an open carriage, via Feuerthalen, to Schloss Laufen. Or the traveller may walk to Neuhausen and cross the railway-bridge to the Schloss (2 M.). Omnibuses ply from the railway- station at Schaffhausen to Neuhausen (Falls of the Rhine) in summer 12 times daily in 20 min. (40 c, the last two trips, at 8.30 and 10 p.m., 50 c). — All the points of view should if possible be visited, as the traveller's impression of the Falls will otherwise be imperfect. The **ralls of the Rhine are in point of volume the grandest in Europe. The Rhine is precipitated in three leaps over an irregular rocky ledge, vfhich on the side next the left bank is about 60' in height, and on the right bank about 48'. Above the Falls the river is about 125 yds. in width. If the rapids and the cataracts a few hundred paces farther up be taken into account, the total height of the Falls may be estimated at nearly 100'. (Level of the Rhine below the falls 1180'.) In June and July the river is much swelled by melting snow. Before 8 a.m. and after 3 p.m. numberless rainbows are formed by the sunshine in the clouds of silvery spray. The spectacle is also very impressive by moonlight. Of the four limestone -rocks which rise above the Falls, that nearest the left bank has been worn by the action of the water to one-third of its original thickness, but has lately been buttressed with masonry. When viewed from a boat below, the rocks seem to tremble. The central and highest rock, surmounted by a small pavilion, may be reached by boat, and ascended by a path protected by a railing. The Falls are here surveyed to the best advantage. The passage, which only occupies a few minutes, is unattended with danger (1-2 pers. 3 fr. and fee ; each additional person 1 fr.). — It is a curious fact that no mention of the Falls of the Rhine occurs in history before the year 960. It has therefore been supposed that they did not exist until about a thousand years ago, and that, while the bed of the river below the falls has gradually been deepened by erosion, the deepening process above the falls has been retarded by the hardness of the rocky barrier above mentioned. Leaving the Neuhausen Station (p. 24), we follow the road to the left, and after a few paces descend by a path to the right to the village. At the Hotel Rheinfall we descend to the right by a finger- post, and after 100 paces take the shady path to the left, passing the Gun and Waggon Factory to the (V4 hr.) *Rheinfall-Brucke, 210 yds. long, which carries the 'Nordostbahn' over the Rhine a little above the Falls (p. 32). The nine arches vary in span (42-66'), as it was difficult to obtain foundations for the piers. The footway on the upper side of the bridge affords an interesting view of the rocky bed of the river, the rapids, and the falls below. On the left bank a path ascends to the left in 5 min. to the Schloss Laufen (1360'), picturesquely situated on a wooded rock 28 /. Route 10. FRIEDRICHSHAFEN. immediately above the Falls (adm. 1 fr.; no other fees). The balcony and a jutting pavilion with stained-glass windows command a good survey of the falls and the environs. Camera obscura, 50 c. Footpaths descend through the grounds to the chief points of view : an iron *Pavilion, the wooden *Kdnz€li, and lastly the *FischetZy an iron platform projecting over the foaming abyss. The scene here is stupendous. The vast emerald-green volume of water descends with a roar like thunder, apparently threatening to overwhelm the spectator, and bedewing him with its spray (waterproof overcoats are let to visitors; small fee). Boats are in readiness here to ferry us across (50 c, return-fare 80 c.) to the Schlosschen Worth (^Inn^ R. 1^/4 fr.; camera obscura 50 c.), on an island opposite the Falls, which is connected with the right bank by a bridge. This point commands the finest general *"Vibw of the Falls. (Boat to the central rock, see p. 27.) "We may now re- turn to the Neuhausen station or to the Schweizerhof. To the W. of the hotel is the Fischerholzli, with shady grounds and picturesque views. Or we may follow the path on the right bank, ascending the river (benches at intervals, commanding splendid views) and pass- ing an Aluminium Factory (left), to the road, where we descend slightly to the right to a stone parapet near the sluices, affording another good survey of the Falls. The road thence to the left ascends through the village of Neuhausen to the station (see p. 27). 10. From Friedrichshafen to Constance. Lake of Constance. Steamboat six times daily in summer (twice direct, in lV4lir.; four times via Meersburg in IVz-lV-* ^^•)- Between the chief places on the lake, Friedrichshafen , Lindau , Bregenz , Rorschach , Romanshorn , Constance, Meersburg, Ueberlingen, and Ludwigshafen , the steamers (about 26 in number) ply at least once daily, and on the chief routes (Friedrichshafen- Constance l>/a hr. , Friedrichshafen -Romanshorn 1 hr. , Friedrichshafen- Rorschach IV4 hr., Lindau-Romanshorn I'/i hr., Rorschach-Lindau 1 hr., Constance -Lindau 3 hrs.) 2-6 times daily. Good restaurants on board. The lake being neutral, luggage is liable to custom-house examination on arriving in Germany or Austria from Switzerland, and nominally in the re- verse case also. Passengers from one German port to another may avoid these formalities by obtaining on embarkation a custom-house ticket for their luggage (gratis). The lake of Constance (1305'; Ger. Bodensee, Lat. Lacus Brigantinus), an immense reservoir of the Rhine, 210 sq. M. in area, is, from Bregenz to the influx of the Stockach, 40 M. long, about 7V2 M. wide, and between Friedrichshafen and I'tweil 835' deep. In beauty of scenery the Bodensee cannot vie with the other Swiss lakes; but its broad expanse of water, its picturesque banks and green hills, the chain of the Appenzell Alps in the distance, the snow-clad Sentis in particular, and several snow-peaks of the Vorarlberg Alps, visible in clear weather , combine to present a very pleas- ing scene. In rough weather sea-sickness is sometimes experienced. The best fish are '■Felcheti' and trout, and the best wine grown on the banks is the '■Meersburger\ Friedrichshafen (Deutsches Haus ; Drei Kdni(/e ^ well spoken of; Krone; Sonne; Midler's Restaurant), the S. terminus of the CONSTANCE. /. Route 10. 29 Wiirtemberg Railway (to Stuttgart 6-772 l^rs.), is a busy place in summer. Its lake-baths attract many visitors, especially from Swabia, and it boasts of a Ourhalle with pleasant grounds on the lake. The Harbour with its Lighthouse is 1 M. from the railway-station. Travellers about to continue their journey by steamer may keep their seats until the train reaches the harbour-terminus, near the quay (Restau- rant, with view-terrace). Those arriving by steamer may procure tickets immediately on landing, and step into the train at once. The Constance steamer directs its course to the W. On the N. bank are the village of Immenstaad , the chateaux of Herrs- berg and Kirchberg; then the viDage of Eagnau. On the N.W. arm of the lake, the UeberUnger See, we next observe the picturesque little town of Meersburg ; then the island of Mainau (p. 31), and in the distance Ueberlingen. The steamer passes the promontory which separates the Ueberlinger See from the bay of Constance , and reaches (1^2 hr.) — Constance (comp. Plan, p. 27). — *Insel -Hotel (Pi. a; C, 3), for- merly a Dominican monastery (p. 30), on the lake, with a garden and fine view, R., L., & A. 3-6, pens. 7-10 Ji ; Hotel Halm (PI. c; C, 5), opposite the railway-station, R. 2-3, B. 1. D. 3, pens. 7-8 Jf ; 'Hecht (PI. d; C, 4), R., L., & A. 3, B. 1, D. 3 Jf ; *H6tel Schonebeok (PI. e; C, 5), opposite the railway-station, R., L., & A. 2-2V2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens, from 6 ^; Badischek Hof (PI. f; A, 5)-, "Krone (PI. g; C, 4), Ankek, Schiff, Barba- ROSSA, BoDAN, Falke, Lamm, *ScnNETZEK, iu the market-place, second- class, moderate; Katholisches Vereinshaus St. .Johann, near the Cathe- dral, with restaurant. — ''Schoneheck Restaurant (see above), Victoria (beer), opposite the station ; Engler's Biergarten, near the public park; Cafi Maxi- milian, Bahnhof-Str. — Post Office (PI. 7; C, 4), near the station. — Baths in the lake (PI. D, 4, 5), well fitted up (bath 40 pf.; ferry 10 pf.). — Englith C/mrch Service in summer. — The former Constanzer Hof (PI. D, 1), on the lake, is now an Institute for Nervous Patients (Dr. G. Fischer). Constance (1335'; pop. 17,000), a free town of the Empire down to 1548, after the Reformation subject to Austria, and since the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 a town of Baden, lies at the N.W. end of the Lake of Constance, at the efflux of the Rhine. The epis- copal see , founded in 781 , and held by 87 bishops in succession, was deprived of its temporalities in 1802, and suppressed in 1827. The *Cathedral (PI. 4; B,3), founded in 1052, originally a cru- ciform Romanesque edifice, was rebuilt in its present form in 1435 and 1680. TheGothic tower, designed by Hiibsch, was erected in 1850-57; the open spire, with a platform on each side, com- mands an excellent survey of the town and lake (adm. 20 pf.). Interior. On the doors of the chief portal are '-Reliefs in 20 sections, from the life of Christ, carved in oak by Simon Haider in 1470. * Choir- stalls , with satirical sculptures , of the same date. The organ-loft was enriched in the Renaissance style in 1680. In the nave, which is borne by 16 monolith columns (28' high, 3' thick), sixteen paces from the entrance, is a large stone slab, with a white spot which always remains dry when the rest is damp. On this spot Huss is said to have stood on 6th July, 1415, when the Council sentenced him to be burned at the stake. The N. chapel adjoining the choir contains a "Death of the Virgin, in stone, date 1460. In the left aisle is the monument of J. H. v. Wessenberg (p. 30). The Treasury (verger ^/2-iJi) contains missals of 1426 with miniatures. On the E. side of the church is a Crypt, containing the Chapel of the Se- 30 /. Route 10. CONSTANCE. pulcfire, a representation of the Holy Sepulchre in stone, 20' high (13th cent.). Adjoining the church on the X. stand two sides of the once hand- some "Cloisters, erected about 1480 in the Gothic style. The Wessenbebg-Haus (PI. 15 j B,3), once the residence of the benevolent Hr. v. "Wessenherg (d. I860), who for many years was the administrator of the bishopric, contains a collection of pictures, engravings, and books, bequeathed by him to the town, and a num- ber of paintings and sketches left by M. Ellenrieder (d. 1863), a lady-artist. The late-Gothic church of St. Stephen (PL 6; B,4), of the 15th cent., with its slender tower , but disfigured externally, contains interesting sculptures in wood and stone. — The Wessenberg-Str. leads hence to the Obere Markt, at the corner of which is the house ^Zum Hohen Hafen' (PL 2; B, 4), where, according to the modern inscription, Frederick, Burgrave of Nuremberg, was invested with the March of Brandenburg by Emp. Sigismund on 18th April, 1417. Adjacent is an old house (now the Hotel Barbarossa) , styled by the inscription Curia Pads, in which Emp. Frederick I. concluded peace with the Lombard towns in 1183. The Stadt-Kanzlei , or Town Hall (PL 12; B, 4, 5), erected in 1593 in the Renaissance style, and embellished in 1864 on the fa(jade with frescoes relating to the history of Constance, contains the Municipal Archives in the lower rooms (2800 charters , chiefly from the Reformation period). Handsome inner court. — In the market- place stands a Victory, by Baur (PL 10), erected in memory of the war of 1870-71. The RosGARTEN (PL 8; B, 5), the old guild -house of the butchers, contains the *Rosgarten Museum, a fine collection of pre- historic remains, antiquities of Constance, and natural history spec- imens (adm. 40 pf.). The Kaufhaus (PL 1 ; C,4), on the lake, erected in 1388, contains the large hall, 52 yds. long, 35 yds. wide, and borne by ten mas- sive oaken pillars, where the conclave of cardinals met at the time of the Great Council (1414-18). The hall has been restored and adorned in 1875 with frescoes by Pecht and Schxc'orer from the his- tory of the town (adm, 20 pf.). Upstairs a collection of Indian and Chinese curiosities, the property of the castellan (30 pf.). The Dominican Monastery (PL a; C, 3), in which Huss was confined , on an island, has been partly converted into a hotel ('Insel-Hotel', p. 29). The well-preserved Romanesque cloisters (with frescoes by Haberlin , illustrating the history of the con- vent) and the finely-vaulted dining-room (formerly the church) are worthy of a visit. Pleasant promenade in the Stadtgarten on the lake, with a marble bust of Emp. William I. and a charming view. The house in which Huss was arrested, in the Husen-Strasse near the Schnetzthor (PL A, 5), is indicated by a tablet with a por- trait of the Reformer in relief, pat up in 1878. Adjoining it is an KREUZLINGEN. J. Route 11. 31 old relief, of 1415, with derisive verses. Behind it, in the 'Obere Laiihe', a bronze tablet with an inscription designates the spot where Jerome of Prague was imprisoned in 1415-16. In the Briihl, 1/2 M. to the W. of the town, a large boulder with inscriptions ('Husen- stein') marks the spot where these illustrious Reformers suffered martyrdom. Fine view of the lake and the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Alps from the " Allmannshohe (3/4 hr.), with belvedere (Restaurant), 5 min. above the village of Allmannsdorf, on the road to the Mainau. — Pleasant walks to the Loretto-Kapelle 0/2 hr.); the Jacobs a restaurant with a fine view ('/2 hr.); and the Kleine Rigi, above Miinsterlingen (Inn; 1 hr.). In the N. W. arm of the Lake of Constance (Ueberlinger See, p. 29), 41/2 M. from Constance, lies the pretty island of *Mainau, formerly the seat of a commandery of the Teutonic Order, as is indicated by a cross on the S. side of the chateau, which was built in 1746. The island, I'/'i M. in circumference, is connected with the mainland by an iron bridge 650 paces long. Since 1853 it has been the property of the Grand Duke of Baden, and is laid out in pleasure-grounds, where cypresses and other semi-tropical plants flourish in the open air. Near the chateau is a small inn. Steamboat from Constance in 55 min. ; small boat (a pleasant trip of 1 hr.) 5 J( and gratuity; one-horse carr. 5-6, two-horse 8 »^. Walkers take a shorter route, partly through pleasant woods (i hr.). 11. From Eorschach to Constance and Winterthur (Zurich) . Comp. Maps, pp. 28, 2G. 60 M. Railway (Nordostbahn) in 4V4-5V4 hrs. (fares 9 fr. 75, 6 fr. 85, 4 fr. 80 c). Rorschach, see p. 52. The line skirts the lake of Constance, of which it affords pretty glimpses. Rising conspicuously above the woods on the N. bank is Heiligenberg (1065' above the lake), a chateau of Prince Fiirstenberg. Stations Horn (p. 52), Arbon (*Bar; Engel; Kreuz ; Pens. Seebad), a small town on the site of the Roman Arbor Felix. — 71/2 M. Egnach. 91/2 M. Roinansliorn, seep. 49. — 12M. Uttwyl; 13 M. Kesswyl (Bar; Pens. Seethal), well-to-do villages. To the right, on the lake, the Moosburg is visible. — 95 M. Outtingen, with a chateau ; 16 M. Altnau ; I8Y2 M. Miinsterlingen (Pens. Schelling), with a lunatic asylum. — 21 M. Ereuzlingen (*Helvetia; Lowe; *Pens. Besmer), a pleasant little town with the old Augustinian abbey of that name, at present a seminary for teachers. The church contains a curious piece of wood-carving of the 18th cent. , with about 1000 small figures. 22 m. Constance (a terminus station), see p. 29. The train backs out and runs towards the W. through a fertile district. 23 M. Emmishofen-Egelshofen, 25 M. Tdgerweilen, thriving villages ; on the Rhine, to the right, Gottlieb en (jp.lQ). Near (28 M.) Ermatingen (Adler) we approach the green Untersee, which we now skirt. Charming views ; in the distance, to the N.W., rise the peaks of the Hohgau (p. 26). Near Ermatingen, on the height to the left, are the cha- 32 /. Route 11. STECKBORN. teaux of Wolfsberg (j). '2G) and Hard; then /irenafiergr (p. 26), and near (281/2 M.) Mannenbach (*Pens. Schifif, 4-5 fr.) the handsome Salenstein (p. 26), To the right, in the lake, the large island of Reichenau (^p. 25); on the left, Schloss Eugensherg (p. 26). At (^301/2 ^^0 Berlingen the Untersee attains its greatest width (5 M.), after which it divides into two branches. 32 M. Steckborn (Krone; Sonne), a small town with a castel- lated 'Kaufhaus', lately restored. Below it, on the right, the iron- foundry of Feldbach^ once a nunnery. On the right, farther on, the mansion oi Glarisegg ; to the left, in the wood, the ruin of Neuburg. On the opposite (N.) bank are Wangen and the hydro- pathic establishment of Marbach (p. 26). 36 M. Mammern (^Ochs, at the station), with a chateau, used as a Hydropathic Establishment(pens.). Then, on the right bank, Ober- staad, and on the hill the abbey of Oehningen (p. 26). At (37 M.) Eschenz the Untersee again narrows into the Rhine (p. 26). We follow the left bank to the station for (39 M.) Stein (p. 26 ; right bank), com- manded by the castle of Hohenklingen ; and then turn to the left to (41 M.) Etzweilen (Rail. Restaurant), the junction for Singen (p. 25). Fkom Etzweilen to Fedekthalen, 10 M., railway in 35 minutes. — 21/2 M. Schlattingen; A^/z'^. Diessenhofen, (p. 25); T'/a M. Schlatt. — 8V2 M. Langwiesen-Feuerthalen, on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite Schaffhausen (see p. 24). A bridge is being built. — 10 M. Feuerlhalen, see p. 2i. From Etzweilen to Singen (and Stuttgart), see p. 25. On the left, as we proceed to the S., is the vine-clad and wooded Stammheimer Berg {illQ'). 431/2 M. Stammheim; 481/2M. Ossingen. We now cross the Thur by a bold iron bridge, 148' high, borne by seven iron buttresses. 53 M. Thalheim-Altikon; b^^j^^- Dynhard ; bQM.Seuzach; 58I/2M. Ober-Winterthur, a small town with an old Romanesque church (tower modern), the Roman Vitodurum. 60 M. Winterthur and thence to (76 M.] Zurich, see p. 48. 12. From Schaffhausen to Zurich. Co?np. Maps, pp. 26, 40. 35 M. Railwat (Nordostbahn) in 2hrs.: to Winterthur 1 hr., to Ziirich Ihr. (fares 5 fr. 95, 4 fr. 20 c, 3 fr.). Views on the right. Schaffhausen , see p. 24. The line skirts the lofty Fasenstaub Promenade (p. 24), and passes below the Villa Charlottenfels (p. 24). On the right, high above, is the Waldshut railway (p. 24), which passes through a tunnel under Charlottenfels. Immediately beyond a long cutting w^e cross the Rheinfall-Briicke (see p. 27), obtaining a glimpse of the falls to the right, and enter a tunnel, 71 yds. long, under Schloss Laufen (p. 27). On emerging, and looking back to the right, we obtain another beautiful glance at the falls. 3 xM. Dachsen (1296'; *H6tel Witzig^ R. & B. 2 fr. 75, B. 1 fr. 30 c.) lies 1 M. to the S. of Schloss Laufen (comp. p. 26). As the train proceeds, it aflords pleasing views at intervals of the bluish-green Rhine in its deep and narrow channel, enclosed by wooded banks. -"^^WT^ ' A,U S^ '%, E IC^ I B ^ V f R I (' 1 E R S 01^ ! > ^^ J,,. J^ OB^feR S T RA S S ,> , ■] K Vplntn-th-ur. v. 5- Kiiumat- ;'' s^ ^/^,. / <;/ 'V • 4 (Na- tional 5j, pens, from 9 fr.; Hot. de l'Ep£e (PL e; G, 4), by the lower bridge, R. & L. from 3, D. 3-3V2 fr. ; "Hotel Bade en Ville (PL f ; F, 3), R., L., & A. from 3, D. 4 fr. ; Kopper's Hotel Habis (PL g; H, 3), near the station, R., L., & A. 3-4, B. I1/4, D. 31/2, pens, from 7 fr. •, 'Hotel de Zurich (PL h;E, 5), R., L.,&A. 2V2-4, D. 3V2fr.; Cigognc (PL ij F, 4), commercial; *St. Gotthard (PL k; H, 3) and 'Wanner's Hotel Garni (PL 1; H, 3), Bahnhof-Str. ; Hotel Bahnhof (PL m; H, 3) and Stadthof (PL n j H, 3, 4), R., L., & A. 31/4, B. 11/4, D. 3 fr., both near the station; 'Hot. Central (PL 0; H, 4), on the right bank of the Limmat, near the station, D. incL wine 3 fr. ; "Schweizerhof (PL p ; G, 4), R., L., & A. from 2, B. I1/4, D. 3, pens. 8V2 fr. ; 'Lijimathof (PL q; H, 4), R., L., & A. 2-21/2, B. 1, D. 21/2 fr. ; Hotel Jura, R., L., & A. 1V2-2, B. 1, D. 1V2-2, pens, from 5 fr., the last three on the Limmat-Quai ; *Pfauen (PL t; F, 6), next the Summer Theatre (p. 34), R., L., & A. 2, B. 1/2-1, D. 11/4-2 fr. ; Schwarzer Adler, Niederdorf- Str. 9, moderate; Rothes Haus (PL r; F, 4) and Seehof (PL s; F, 4, 5), on the Soanen-Quai, moderate; Hot. -Pens. Santis, Seefeld-Str. ; Weisses Kreuz, Krone, Hirsch. Lamm, Lowe, Schiff, etc., unpretending; "Hot. Widder (Evangelisches Vereinshaus), Rennweg 1, R. 11/2-2, B. 1/2, D. I1/4, pens. 31/4-41/2 fr. Visitors are received at all these hotels en pension, the charges being reduced in spring and autumn. — Pensions. *Pension Neptdn. in the Seefeld, 6-7 fr.; 'Tiefenad, Steinwies-Str., pens. 5-6 fr. ; *Beaij-Site, Dufour-Str., near the Alpen-Quai, pens, from 5 fr. ; *Villa ScHANZENBKEG (Frau Hepp), Schonberg-Str. 2 (51/2-8 fr.); *Foetuna, Miihle- bach Str. 59, near the theatre (5-7 fr.); Pens. Internationale, Lavater- Str. 55, Enge (5-7 fr.); Merz, Tannen-Str. 15, Oberstrass; Karolinenbukg Forster, and Plattenhof, at Fluntern, on the hill, I1/2 M. to the E. of Zurich ; Sonnenberg, Ziirichberg (5 fr.). Restaurants and Cafes. MHropole^ Stadthaus-Quai ; Wanner, Bahnhof- Str. (good Valais wine); 0mm (Munich Beer), Zun/thaus zur Waag, both in Baedeker, Switzerland. 16th Edition. 3 34 7. Route 13. ZURICH. Tramways. the Frau-Miinster-Platz-, Cafe Baur, Post-Str. ; Ca/ig National a.nd. Babis, both at the station; Du/our, Schiitzengasse 17, near the rail, station; Stahl, Schiflfliinde 26; Wiener Ca/^, Bahnhof-Str. ; Cafi Central, Central- hof. On the right bank: Kronenhalle^ D. at 12.30 p.m. 2 fr. ; Saffran^ op- posite the Rathbaus; Limmaiburg. Limmat-Quai. — Beer. Kropf, in Gassen (PI. F, 3, 4), Munich beer; Cafi Orsini (p. 33); Stadtkeller, behind the Limmathof; Metzgerbrdu, Beatengasse; Franziskaner, corner of Stiissihof- statt and Niederdorf-Str. ; Mei/erei, etc, — Dra/ilschmidli, with garden on the Liminat (p. 38). — Wine. Valtellina wine at the Veltliner-Keller; Wal- User Weinhalle^ near the ScLweizerhof : Wanner (p. 33); Gorgot, Miinster- gasse 15 (Spanish wines). — Confectioners. Spriingli, Parade-Platz; Bourry, Untere Kirchgasse, on the Sonnen-Quai. Baths in the lake at the Stadthaus-Platz (PI. E, 4), at the suburb of Enge (PI. C, 3), at the Uto-Quai (PI. C, 5), and, for ladies, at the Mythen- Quai (PI. B, 2), the Uto-Quai, and in the Limmat below the Bauschanze (PI. E, P, 4). NeumUnster Baths (PL F, 5), at the S. end of the town. — Warm Baths (vapour, etc.) at * Treichler''s, at the Werdmiihle in the Bahn- hof-Str., and at iStocker^s, Miihlebach-Str. (also pension). Post and Telegraph Office (PI. F, 3), Bahnhof-Strasse; branch-offices in various parts of the town. Cabs. Drive within the town, or not exceeding ^/ihr., 1-2 pers. 80c., 3-4 pers. 1 fr. 20c., each box 20c.; in the evening 10c. extra for the lamps; from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fares. For 1/2 br., 1 fr. 50 or 2 fr. 50 c.; 3/4 hr., 2 fr. or 2 fr. 90 c; 1 hr., 2 fr. 50 or 3 fr. 60 c, etc. The cabmen are very apt to overcharge. Tramway from the Station through the Bahnhol'-Str. to the suburb of Enge; across the Bahnhofbriicke and by the Limmat-Quai, Tonhalle-Str., and Seefeld-Str. to Riesbach and Tiefenbrunnen (p. 41); and from the Parade-Platz northwards to the cemetery of Aussersihl. — Electric Tram- way from the Quai-Briicke to the Kreuzplatz and Burgwies and from the Quai-Briicke to the Pfauen, Romerhof, and Kreuzplatz. Cable Tramway ( Ziirichberg-Drahtseilbahn) from the Limmat-Quai to the Polytechnic (PI. H, 4, 5). every 5-6 min. from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. (in summer from 6 a.m. to 9.30 or 10 p.m.; fare, in either direction, 10 c; journey 2V2 min.). — Electric Cable Tramway (Central- Ziirichlergbahn) every 6 min. from the Quai-Brucke to the Pfauen, Platte, and the church of Fluntern. Steam Launches ('Dampfschwalben'') ply on the lake-front of the city hourly (fares 10-50 c). Stations on the right bank: Stadthaus-Platz (PI. C, 4); Theatre (PI. D, 5); Mainaustrasse ; Ziirichhorn; Zollikon; and Kilsnacht. Stations on the left bank: Enge (at the Schloss and Belvoir); Wollishofen; Bendlikon; and Thalweil (p. 42). Rowing Boats for 1-2 pers. 50c. per hour; for 3 or more pers. 20 c. each per hour; each rower 60c. per hour. Theatre, Dufour-Platz, rto-Quai (PI. D, 4); performances from Sept. 15th to May 1st. — Panorama of the Battle of Morat (1476), by Prof. L. Braun, on the Uto-Quai (PI. C, 4; open daily, from 7 a.m. till dusk; adra. 1 fr.). Popular Resorts. -Tonhalle (PI. E, 3), near the lake, with restaurant, concerts every evening in summer; "Belvoir, a beautiful park at the 8. extremity of the Alpen-Quai (PI. D, 3), with restaurant; adm. 20 c., con- certs 50c., free on Sun. and Wed. (tramway Paradeplatz-Enge); Ziirich- horn (PI. A, 6), park with restaurant and Nageli's Museum of Stutled Alpine Animals (50 c.), station of the steam-launches (see above); Pfauen Sunimer Theatre (PI. F, 6), operettas, etc.; Platten-Garten (PI. G, 6), adjoining the Polytechnic (e.xhibitions of animals- concerts). The Waid on the Kdferberg, 3 M. to the N.W. of the town (pleasant route via Drahtschmidli, see p. 38); Jakobsburg (Munich beer), above Oberstrt'ss; Bolder Restaurant (cable- tramway, see above), Sonnenberg Restaurant (p. 33), both on the slope of the Ziirichberg, above Hottingen. The "Uetliberg is the finest point in the environs (by railway in V2 hr. ; see p. 39). — Information as to excursions, Situation. ZURICH. /. Route 13. 85 objects of interest, etc., at the Official Enquiry Office^ on tlie ground-floor of the Exchange Buildings (PI. E, 3; 9-12 and 2-5). English Church Service in the Chapel of St. Anne (PI. E, 3), near the Pelikan-Str., at 10.30 & 5 o'clock (comp. p. 87). — Presbyterian Service (Church of Scotland) in summer. British Consul, Henry Angst, £tq., llBleicherweg; office-hours QVa-H'/z. United States Consul, Eug. Germain, Esq., Stadthaus-Quai 3, 9-12 and 2-4 p.m. Permanent Exhibition of the Zurich Art Society in the 'Kiinstlerhaus', corner of Biirsen-Str. and Thalgasse, next door to the Hot. Baur au Lac (Swiss and foreign works of art), daily, 10-8, 1 fr. — Permanent Ex- hibition at Staub & Co's., Parade-Platz (gratis). — Anglo-American Pharmacy, Dr. C. Diinnenberg, Tonhalle-Platz. Zurich (1345'; pop. 126,497, including the eleven recently in- corporated 'Ausgemeinden' or suburbs), the capital of the canton, lies at the N. end of the lake, on the green and rapid Limmat, which divides it into the ^Orosse Stadt' on the right, and the ^Kleine Stadt' on the left bank. On the W. side flows the Sihl, an unimportant stream except in spring, which falls into the Limmat below the town. Zurich is one of the busiest manufacturing towns in Switzerland, silk being the staple product, while its cotton-mills, machine- works, and iron-foundries are also important. Lacustrine remains prove that the site of Zurich was occupied in prehistoric times. In B. C. 58 Zvirich (Turicum), along with the other towns of the Helvetii, passed under the sway of the Romans. It owed its early prosperity in the middle ages to the favour of the Carlovingians. In 1292 it united with Uri and Schwyz, and in 1351 it became a member of the Swiss Confederation. From an early date Zurich was the intellec- tual leader of Switzerland. As the home of Zwingli (1519) it was the focus of the Reformation, and its schools have for centuries sent forth men of distinction, such as Bodmer, Hottinger, Orelli, Gessner, Lavater, Hess, Pestalozzi, Heidegger, Horner, Hirzel, Henry Meyer, the friend of Goethe, and many others. The Situation of Zueich is very beautiful. Both banks of the clear, pale-green lake are enlivened with villages, orchards, and vineyards, scat- tered over a highly cultivated country. In the background rise the snow- capped Alps ; to the left is the crest of the Gldrnisch, then the perpendicular sides of the Oriesetstock {Q20(y), near it on the right the Pfannstock, and farther on, the Drusberg, the ice-clad Bifertenstock, and the Todi (the highest of the group, the last two rising above the Lintthal); in front of these the Cla- riden, with their westernmost point the Kammlistock (10,610') •, between this and the double-peaked Scheerhorn lies the Qries Glacier; then on the N. side of the Schdchen-Thal the long Rossstock Chain with its fantastic peaks; the broad Windgalle ; between this and the Scheerhorn appears the dark summit of the lower Myten near Schwyz-, above the depression between the wooded Kaiserstock and the Rossberg towers the pyramidal Bristenstock, near Amsteg on the St. Gotthard route ; then, if we occupy a commanding position, the Blackenstock and Uri-Rothstock, and part of the snow-moun- tains of the Engelberger-Thal, appearing above the Albis, to the right, the northernmost point of which is the Uetliberg, with the hotel on its summit. In the Bahnhof - Platz [PI. H, 4) a fountain with a bronze Statue of Alfred Escher (d. 1882), the statesman and founder of the St. (jrotthard Railway, by Kissling, was erected in 1889. The Bahnhof-Stbasse (pi. H, J, 3), nearly 3/^ M. long, leads hence to the S. to the lake. It passes on the right, in the Linth-Escher-Platz (PI. H, 3), the Linth-Escher School; then, on the right, the Post Office and the Credit- Anstalt (PI. F, 3) ; on the left the Centralhof, a block of houses with tempting shops, and the Kappeler Hof; and on 3* 36 /. Route 13. ZURICH. Town Library. the right the Zurich Cantonal Bank and the Exchange (PI. E, 3), the latter with an ethnographical collection on the fourth floor (9-12 and 2-5 ; adm. 50 c). — Side-streets lead to the left to the tree-planted Lindtnhof {Y\. G, 3, 4), 123' ahove the Limmat, which was fortified at the earliest period and afterwards became an imperial palace ; to the late-Gothic Augustine Church (PL G, 3), now used by the Old Catholics, with paintings by Deschwanden ; and to St. Peter's Church (PI. F, 4), with its massive tower and large electric clock (dials 29' in diameter), where Lavater (d. 1801) was pastor for 23 years (grave on the N. side of the church). The Stadthaus-Platz is adjoined by a Terrace on the lake (PI. E, 4), commanding a beautiful view; to the right is the steamboat-quay, to the left, a bathing-establishment (p. 34). — The broad *Alpen-Quai, with its pleasant promenades and fine views of the lake and the Alps, skirts the lake to the right, passing the hand- some new *Tonhalle (Pl. E, 3 ; opened in Oct., 1895) and extending to the ^Belvoir Park, to the S. of the suburb of Enge (p. 34 ). To the E. of the Stadthaus-Platz the handsome Quai-Brucke (PI. E, 4; 180 yds. long), constructed in 1882-83, crosses the Limmat near its issue from the lake. Below the bridge, on the left bank of the Limmat, is the Bauschanze, a small pentagonal island, shaded with trees, and connected with the Stadthaus - Quai by a bridge. On the right bank of the lake also new promenades (Uto-Quai and See f eld- Quai )^ with charming views, extend past the handsome new Theatre (PI. D, 5) and the Panorama (PI. C, 5) as far as the park of Ziirichhorn (p. 34). The next bridge below the Quai-Briicke is the four- arched Munster-Briicke (PI. F, 4). Adjacent are the Frau- Miinsterkirche of the 12-13th cent., with Its high red-roofed tower, on the left bank, and the former Wasserkirche (1479-84), on the right bank. Over these rises the Gross-Miinster (p. 37), the whole forming a quaint pictnre of old Ziirich. The old Wasserkirche now harbours the Town Library (PI. F,4), which contains 130,000 vols, and over 5000 MSS. (open on week- days 9-12 and 4-6; fee 50 c., for a party 1 fr.; entr. in the open vestibule adjoining the bridge). A letter of ZwingU (p. 37) to his wife \ Zwingli's Greek Bible with Hebrew annotations in Lis own handwriting ; autograph letter of Henry J V. of France and a cast nf his features-, three autograph Latin letters of Lady Jane Grey to Antistes Bullinger; letter oi Frederick the Great., dated 17&i, to Prof. Miiller; portraits of burgomasters and scholars of Zurich, includ- ing ZwingU; marble bust of Lavater by Dannecker-, marble bust of Pesta- lozzi by Imhof-, eight panes of stained glass of 1506. '^Miiller^s Relief of part of Switzerland, and one of the Engelberger-Thal on a much larger scale, are executed with great care and accuracy. The Helmhaus (14th cent.), adjoining the"Wasserkir(;he, contains the * Antiquarian Museum (adm. daily, 8-12 and 2-6, fee 50 c, free on Sun. 10.30-1), including a large and excellent collection of relics from the ancient Swiss lake-villages, coins, etc. Kunstler-Gutli. ZURICH. I. Route 13. 37 The steps opposite the E, end of the Miinster-Briicke lead to the Gross-Munster (PI. F, 4), erected in the Romanesque style of the ll-13th centuries. The upper stories of the towers are Gothic, and in 1799 they were crownedwith helmet-shaped tops with gilded flowers. On the W. tower is enthroned Charlemagne with gilded crown and sword, in recognition of donations made by him to the church. The choir contains three large modern stained-glass windows represent- ing Christ, St. Peter, and St. Paul. The church and the adjoining Cloisters, of the beginning of the 13th cent., are open daily in summer from 11 to 12 (adm. 20 c, ascent of tower 30 c. ; sacristan, Kirchgasse 13). On the quay to the S. of the choir of the Gross-Miinster is a bronze statue, by Natter, of Zwingli , who was incumbent of the Gross-Miinster from 1519 till his death in 1531. — To the N. of the Miinster-Briicke, on the Rathhaus-Quai, is the Riiden, restored in the German Renaissance style, containing the Swiss educational exhibition and the Pestalozz.i cabinet. At the Marktbriicke or Oemuse- briicke (PI. G, 4) we see on one side the Rathhaus (PI. F, G, 4), a massive building of 1699, on the other the handsome FLeischhalle, or meat-market (PI. G, 4). From the Quai-Briicke we now ascend the Rami-Strasse (PL E-H, 5, 6) to the E., then turn to the right to the Hohe Promenade (PL E, 5, 6), a loftily situated avenue of lime-trees. Beautiful view (laest by morning -light) from the platform with the Monument of Ndgeli(^d, 1836), a favourite vocal composer. Adja- cent is the Old Cemetery, where an English Church is now being built (see p. 35). — From the Hohe Promenade a road passing the N. side of the cemetery rejoins the Rami-Strasse, where in the Kantons- schul-Platz (to the left) is the marble monument of Ignaz Heim (d. 1883), the composer. The street ascends to the Cantonal School (PL G, 6), and then bends to the N. To the left are the Physical and Physiological Institute of the University and the new Ophthalmic Institute, to the right are the Cantonal Hospital (PL H, 6), beyond it the Physical Institute of the Polytechnic, the School of Forestry and Agriculture, and the Chemical Laboratory (PL I, 5). At No. 15 Schonberggasse, behind the Physical Institute, Jacob Bodmer lived from 1739 till his death in 1783. — Lower down, on the slope, is the Kunstler-Giitli (PL G, 5), containing the Picture Gallery of the Zurich Artists' Union (open in summer on Sat. 2-4, Sun. 10-12, free; at other times, 50 c; catalogue 50 c). Large Room. To the right, 26. Delachaux, Choir-boys; 213. Siemiradzki, Venetian gondola; 227. Stiickelberg, Charcoal-hurners in the Jura; 2. Anker, Pestalozzi; 20. Buchser, Italian herdsmen; 29. F. Diday, Scene in the Valais; 60. E. Girardet, The sick child; 138. Roller, Alp in the Engelberg Valley; 270. Ziind, Chapel on the battle-field of Sempach ; 238. Ulrich, Storm ; 16. Bosshardt, Arrest of Canon Hammerlin ; 21. A. Calame, Lake of Lncerne; 1. A. Achenbach, Storm; 12. Bodmer, Stags; 22. Carolus Duran, Female figure; 174. Ott, Walensee; 140. Roller, Midday repose; 218. Stefan, Mountain torrent; 23. Castan, Winter-scene; 217. Stauffer, Portrait of a 38 /. Route 13. ZURICH. lady; '245. Vauder, The gallant professor; •142. Roller , Cattle at a lake; 'GB.' Groh, The artist on his travels; 198. Sandreuter, Charmey; 219. Steffan, Mountain-lake; 218. Stuckelberg, Pilgrims-, 271. Zund, Oak-wood; 31. Diday^ On the Handeck; Bdcklin, 14. Arbour, *13. Spring; 246. Veillon, Evening on the Lake of Lucerne; 245. Toiler, Wedding in the Amperthal; 192. Ritz, Engineers among the mountains. — The smaller rooms contain portraits, water-colours, etc The handsome *Polyteclinic [PI. H, 5), to the left, designed by G. Semper (d. 1879), and erected in 1861-64, is the seat of the University of Zurich [600 students, 88 professors and lecturers) and of the federal Polytechnic School (800 students, 107 professors and lecturers). The sgraffito decorations of the N. facade were executed from Semper's designs by Schonherr and Walther. The Main Entrance is on the W. side. In the vestibule and on the staircase are busts of Kopp and Bolley, the chemists. On the ground- floor is the Archaeological Collection (casts, Greek vases, "^'Terracottas from Tanagra, etc.; Sun. 10-12, Tues. and Frid. 2-4). On the First Floor are busts of O. Semper (see above) and G. Cttlmann (d. 1861), the engineer, and the Mineralogical and Palaeontological Collection (Thurs. 8-12 and 2-6, free; at other times 50c.). On the Second Floor are the Zoological Collection (open as above) and the Aula, handsomely decorated, with mythological ceiling- paintings by Bin of Paris and a marble bust of Orelli (d. 1849) , the celebrated philologist, by Meili. Splendid view from the balcony. — The custodian , who opens the Aula, conducts visitors also to the Terrace on the top of the building, which commands the best survey of the town and its beautiful environs. The Collection of Engineering is shown only to professional engineers. The Mechanical and Technical Collection is open daily, 8-12 and 2-6 (adm. 50c.). We may now return to the station by the Cable Tramway (PI. H, 5, 4; p. 34), which ends opposite the Bahnhof-Brilcke ; or we may descend from the Kiinstler-Giitli by the Sempersteig to the Limmat- Quai, passing the handsome new Girls' School and the Predigerkirche. The Platz - Promenade (PI. I, K, 3,4), so called from the former Schiitzen-Platz, an avenue of fine trees to the N. of the railway -station, between the Sihl and Limmat, affords a cool and pleasant walk. In this promenade are the new Swiss National Museum, a large building in the mediaeval style from Gull's designs (to be opened in autumn, 1896), and the simple monuments of the idyllic poet Salomon Gessner (d. 178S), the minnesinger Joh. Hadlaub, and the composer W. Baumgartner (d. 1867). It terminates in the 'Platzspitz', a point of land formed by the junction of the Sihl with the Limmat. A bridge crosses the Limmat to the Drahtschmidli (PL K, 3), a beer-garden on the right bank; and this is also the pleasantest route to the Waid (p. 34; ascend the flight of steps, behind the Drahtschmidli to the right, to the upper road). In Aussersihl, a new workmen's quarter on the left bank of the Sihl, is the Military Depot of Canton Ziirich, including barracks and an arsenal. The Collection of Arms in the arsenal (PI. H, I, 1 ; open on week-days 8-12 and 1.30-6) contains battle-axes, hal- berds, armour, flags, and cross-bows, among which last is one of the many that claim to have belonged to Tell. ZwingWs Battle-axe, taken by the Lucerners at Kappel (p. 79), and once kept at Lucerne, UETLIBERG. 1. Route 13. 39 was transferred hither after the War of the Separate League in 1847, and is now preserved here with his sword, coat-of-mail, and helmet. The Botanic Garden (PI. F, 2), well stocked with Alpine and other plants, contains bronze busts of A. P. de Candolle (d. 1841) and Conrad Gessner (d. 1565), and marble busts of H. Zollinger, a Swiss botanist (d. in Java, 1859), and Oswald Heer (d. 1883), the naturalist. In the garden rises the Katz, an old bastion, forming a lofty platform planted with trees. To the E. of the Botanic Garden a bridge crosses the Schanzen- graben (the old moat) to the suburb of Selnau. Immediately to the left is the Gewerbe-Museum (PI. F, 2), containing industrial collec- tions (including a *Room from a patrician house of the 17th cent., with fine panelling and stove) and a permanent exhibition (daily 8-12 and 2-5, except Mon.; on Sun., 10-12 and 2-5). Beyond it, towards the Sihl, is the JJetUherg Station (PI. F, 1 5 see below). The TJetliberg. Railway to the top in V2 tr. (fare, 1st class 3 fr. 50 c, 2nd cl. 2 fr.; return-ticket, 5 and 3 fr.; on Sun. and holidays by excursion - trains 1 fr., return-fare I'/a fr. ; season-tickets at reduced fares). This line, 57? M. long, with a maximum gradient of 7: 100, is constructed in the ordinary way, but, as on the Rigi Railway, the locomotives are placed behind the trains. The station is in the suburb of Selnau (see above; PI. F, 1), not far from the Botanic Garden, on the Sihl, i/* ^^' from the Central Station and 12 min. from that of Enge. The train (best views to the right) skirts the Sihl for a short distance and crosses it to (5 min.) stat. Zurich-Binz (1390'), where the ascent begins. At first we traverse an open slope, with a pleas- ant view of Ziirich and the valley of the Limmat, and then ascend through wood to (17 min.) Stat. Waldegg (2040'; Inn). The train then describes a long curve on the slope of the hill and reaches the terminus (2677'). About 5 min. above the station is the large *H6t.- Pens. Vetliberg (R., L., & A. 3-5, B. I1/2, D- 4 fr.), and 3 min. higher, at the top of the hill, are the Restaurant Vto-Kulm and a view-tower 100' high (167 steps; adm. 50 c.). Pleasant shady walks in the woods near the hotel. On the S. side, about 74 ^^^ from the top, is the ^Hotel Uto-Staffel (pens. 5 fr.). The *Uetliberg (2865'), the northernmost point of the Albis range, is the finest point in the environs of Ziirich. The view, though inferior in grandeur to those from heights nearer the Alps, surpasses them in beauty. It embraces the Lake of Ziirich and the valley of the Limmat; the Alps from the Sentis to the Jungfrau and the Stockhorn on the Lake of Thun, with the Rigi and Pilatus in the foreground ; to the W. the Jura, from the Chasseral on the Lake of Bienne to its spurs near Aarau , over which appear some of the Vosges Mts. ; farther to the N. are the Feldberg and Belchen in the Black Forest, and the volcanic peaks of the Hohgau, Hohentwiel, Hohenhowen, and Hohenstoffeln. Baden with its old castle (p. 20) is also prominent. Good panorama by Keller. — On the TJto-Kulm is a 40 /. Route U. LAKE OF ZURICH. From Zurich, marble obelisk with a bust of the Zurich statesman Jakob Dubs (d. 1879). Waxk to the Uetliberg (2 hrs.). The road leads from the Parade- Platz (PI. F, 3) via the Bleicher-Weg, the Beder-Strasse. and the Uto- Strasse. After 1 M. we cross the Sihl, turn to the left via the Giesshiibel- Strasse, and reach (3/4 M.) the u4J6i>^iV,- --^Ochs; Hotel Bahnhof, well spoken of), a considerable village with a pretty rococo church, on a bay near the mouth of the Wdggithaler Aa. About 2 M. to the N.E. is the small Bad Nuolen, pleasantly situated at the base of the Untere Buchberg, with mineral and lake baths. — The train leaves the lake and near (271/2 M.) Siebnen-Wangen crosses the Aa. WAggithal. The road from Siebnen ('Rabe) follows first the left and then the right bank of the deep channel of the Aa to (4 M.) Vorder- Wdggithal (2400'; 'Rossli, plain), pleasantly situated in a green basin. It then leads through the defile of Stockerli, between the Grosse Auberig (5585') on the right and the Gugelberg (3780') on the left, to (4 M.) Hinter- Wdggithal, or Innerthal (3800' ; *Schdfli, unpretending). Pleasant excursions to the Au (20 min.); E. to the Fldschenlochquelle {}|^ hr.); to the Aaberli- Alp (3515'), V2 lir.; Hohjldschen-Alp (4725'), IV2 hr. — The Grosse Auberig (5585'), ascended by the Bdrlaui-Alp in 3 hrs., and the Fluhberg or Diethelm (6873'), by the FldschU-Alp in 4 hrs., are good points of view and present no difficulty (guide desirable). — From Innerthal to the Klonthal a pleasant route (to Richisau 81/2 hrs. ; guide advisable). Skirting the Aabach, the path ascends, past the Aabern-Alp (3565'), to the (21/2 hrs.) Schiceinalp Pass (5150'), and then descends by the Briisch-Alp and the Schwein-Alp to (1 hr.) Richisau (p. 73). We now traverse a somewhat marshy plain to (31 M.) Reichen- hurg. On the right rise the Glarus Mts., on the left the Untere and Obere Buchberg (p. 44), and above them the Speer (p. 45). 341/2 M. Bitten (Hirsch) ; in the 'Herrenstube' is a handsome apartment with artistic wood-carving of the 17th century. We cross the Lint Canal (p. 44) to the Rapperswil and Coire railway at (36 M.) Ziegelbriicke (p. 45). Thence to (43 M.) Glarus, see p. 67. c. Railway from Zurich to Rapperswil and Sargans, From Ziirich to (61/2 M.) Wallisellen, see p. 48. The line traverses a flat district, near the right bank of the Olatt, which flows out of the neighbouring Oreifensee (1440'). Stations Dilbendorf, Schwer- 44 /. Route 14. SCHANIS. From Zurich zenbach, and Ndnikon. — 14 M. Uster (^1530'; Usterhof; Stern; Kreuz), a large manufacturing village [7042 inha"b.). On the right are the church with its pointed spire, and the loftily situated old castle with its massive tower, now the seat of the district court (Restaurant; fine view). In the vicinity are several large cotton- mills, driven by the Aa, a brook near the railway. Beyond (16 M.) Aathal the Alps of Glarus and Schwyz form the S. background. From (18 M.) Wetzifcon (Schweizerhof) branch-lines lead to the N.W. to Pfdffikon, and Effretikon (p. 48), and to the S.E. (10 min.) to Hinweil (Hirsch; Kreuz), at the N.W. base of the Bachtel (see below). Near (21 M.) Bubikon (Lowe, plain) the line attains its highest level (1800'). — 221/2 M. Rilti (Pfau), with manufactures of machines and silk, is the junction of the Tossthal Line (p. 48). The *Bachtel (3670'; "Inn; view-tower. 100' high), 2 hrs. to the X.E. of Riiti, commands a fine view to the N.W. over the district of Uster, sprinkled with factories, and the lakes of Greifen and Pfaffikon; to the S. the Lake of Zurich from Wadensweil to the Lint Canal, the Lint Valley as far as the bridge of Mollis, and the Alps from the Sentis to the Bernese Oberland. Consult Keller's Panorama, at the inn. It is most convenientlv ascended from Gibswyl (p. 49; 8V2 M. to the N. of Riiti) in 1 hr., from TFaid(p. 49; 41/2 M.) in IV2 tr., or from Hinweil (see above; small carriage to the top 7 fr.), in IV2 hr. Beyond a tunnel the train descends , chiefly through wood. Near Jona (Schliissel), a manufacturing village almost adjoining Rappers wil, we descry the Alps of Schwyz to the S., and farther on, the Miirtschenstock, Schaniser Berg, Speer, and Sentis on the left. 27 M. Rapperswil, see p. 42. The station is a terminus, from which the train backs out on its departure. Views to the right as far as Weesen. The line crosses the Jona, passes the nunnery and girls' school of Wurmspach on the right, and returns to the bank of the lake near Boiling en, with its large quarries. 33 M. Schmerikon (*Gasthofzum Bad; *Rdssli; Seehof; Adler), at the upper end of the lake, near the mouth of the Lint. We now enter a broad valley traversed by that river (see below). To the right, on the N.E. spur of the Vntere Buchberg (p. 43), stands the ancient Schloss Grynau, with a frowning square tower. 35 M. TJtznach (Linthof), a manufacturing village (1378' ; *Ocha ; Falke), lies on a hill to the left, overlooked by its church. (Dil- igence to Wattwyl 4 times daily in 2^/4 hrs., p. 63.) To the left, on the hill, the monastery ofSion (2317'). 367-2 M. Kaltbrunn-Benken. The wooded range on the right is the Obere Buchberg (2020'). A carriage-road leads from the station of Kaltbrunn-Benken or Utznach to (3 M.) Rieden (236()'; *Inn d- Curhaus zum Jtossli, moderate), a health-resort, commanding charming views. Excursions may be made thence to the top of the Speer (p. 45), in 3V-2 bra.; via. Alp Breiienau to (2 hrs.) Ebnat-Kappel (p. 63), etc. Beyond (391/2^.) Schanis (1450'; *Hirsch; Lowe'), another in- dustrial place, the ancient frontier of Rhaetia, we approach the Lint Canal, constructed in 1807-22 to connect the Lake of Zurich with the Walensee, and draining, in conjunction with the Efcher Canal, to Coire, WEESEN. /. Route 14. 45 a once dismal and swampy region. The canal runs parallel with the railway at the foot of the Schdniser Berg (5470') ; to the right a striking view of the Valley of Glarus with its snow-mountains. On the opposite bank of the Lint Canal is the Lint-Colonie, originally a colony of poor people, now an agricultural institution. 421/2 M. Ziegelbriicke (Hotel Berger) is the junction of the Glarus line, which soon diverges to the right (p. 67). The Weesen line rounds the Biberlikopf (see below), the extreme spur of the Schaniser Berg. To the right tower the beautiful Rautispitz and the Glarnisch (pp. 67, 74). 45V2M. Weesen. — Hotels. *H6tel Speer, at the station, '/sM. from the lake, with fine view, R., L., & A. 2-3, B. IV4, lunch 2V2, D. 3, pens. 6-7 fr. ; '^Schwert. on the lake, R., L., & A. 2V2, B. li/4, lunch 2, D. 3, pens. from5fr. ; *H6t. Mariahalden, in an elevated situation; *Rossli, R., L., & A. 11/2-2, B. 1. D. 21/4, pens. 4-5 fr. — Rail. Restaurant. — English Church Service in summer. Weesen (1410'), a favourite summer-resort, lies in a sheltered situation at the W. end of the Walensee. The Klosterberg yields good wine. Excursions. Shady paths ascend to the (20 min.) Kapfenberg, which affords a charming survey. — Pleasant walk (from the station 3,4 hr., or from stat. Ziegelbriicke 20 min.) to the top of the Biberlikopf (1895'); fine view of the Walensee and of the Lintthal up to Netstall and down to the Buchberg. — A very attractive excursion may be made by boat across the lake to (Vi hr.) the hamlet of Betlis, prettily situated beside the ruin of Strahlegg at the foot of the Leistkamm. Fine view of Miihlehorn, the Murtschenstock, etc. From Betlis, we may walk to the ruined SerenmUhle and the Falls of the Serenbach (p. 46), or we may ascend to (i hr.) Amden. A new road (diligence from the rail, station twice daily) with fine views of the lake, but destitute of shade, ascends from Weesen to (IV4 hr.) Amden or Amnion (2875'; "Hirsch), loftily situated on sunny pastures. Beau- tiful view of the lake from the (1/2 hr.) Gpregarti. — From Amden to the top of the Leistkamm (6890'), 31/2 hrs., with guide (Thoma of Amden), interesting and not difficult. — From Amden to Starkenbach or Stein in the Toggenburg (p. 63) over the Amdener Berg (5055'), a route of 5 hrs., with beautiful views, but fatiguing on account of the stone pavement. The 'Speer (6417'), an admirable point of view, 4V2-5 hrs. (guide unne- cessary for experts). At the church we turn to the left, and ascend for the first 1/2 hr. over rough pavement of conglomerate (pleasant retrospects of the lake). Then a steep ascent through woods and meadows ; 2 hrs. l/ntere Biitz-Alp (3563'); 2/4 hr. Unter-Kdsern Alp (4337'); 1 hr. Ober-Kasern Alp (5404'; *Inn Zum Hohen Speer). Thence to the top a steep ascent of 3/4 hr. more. Beautiful view, especially of E. and N.E. Switzerland. From Ebnat or Nesslau (p. 63) the Speer is easily ascended in 3V2-4 hrs. The *Walensee , ox Lake of Walenstadt {i?>'db'\ 91/4 M. long, 11/4 M. wide, and 495' deep, is hardly inferior to the Lake of Lucerne in mountainous grandeur. The N. bank consists of almost perpendicular precipices, 2000' to 3000' high, above which rise the barren peaks of the seven Curfirsten (^Leistkamm 6890', Selun 7240', Frwmse^ 7434', Bmi 7477', Zmfoii 7336', Scheiben- stoll 7556', and Hinterruck 7523'). The hamlet of Quinten alone has found a site on the N. bank. On the S. bank also the rocks, pierced by nine tunnels, are very precipitous at places. At the mouths of the small torrents which descend from the Murtschenstock (8012') lie 46 /. Route 14. MURG. From Zurich several villages. The names of the hamlets, Primsch^ Gunz, Terzen, Quarten, Quinten, and that of the lake itself, indicate that the in- habitants are of Rhaetian or Latin, and not Germanic origin. Beyond Weesen we cross the Lint Canal (to the right the Glarus line, see R. 21), and farther on the Escher Canal (p. 67) near its influx into the Walensee, and pass through two tunnels with apertures in the side next the lake. Beyond them we observe the Bayerbach waterfall on the opposite bank, and the village of Amden, on the hill above ; then the falls of the Serenbach, which sometimes disappear in summer. Three more tunnels, between which we obtain pleasant glimpses of the lake and the waterfalls and pre- cipices opposite. — 50M.Mulileliom(ZwrMu/i^e, Tellsplatte^'bot'hxLn- pretending). To the right rises the bald Miirtschenstock (see below). From Muhlehokn to Mollis over the Kebenzenberg (3 hrs.), an interesting walk. The road (diligence to Obstalden thrice daily in 1 hr.) ascends in wide curves (short-cats for walkers) to Voglingen and (3 M.) Obstalden (2237'-, 'Eirsch, with a shady garden, pens. 51/2-6V2 fr. -, '^ Stern; Sonne), a charmingly situated summer-resort, aflfording a fine view of the Walensee. A pleasant excursion may be made hence, or from Filzbach (see below), to the (iV2lir.) Thalalp-See (6809')- Thence via, the Spannegg and the Flatten- Alp to Glarus, see p. 68; from the Spannegg to the Miirtschen-Alp and over the Murgsee-Furkel to the Murgsee, see p. 68. The Miirtschenstock (8012') may be ascended from Obstalden via the Meeren-Alp (4920') in 5 hrs., (toilsome and for adepts only, guide, Jac. Heussi, 20 fr.). — Beyond Obstalden the road skirts the Sallerntohel. I1/4 M. Filzbach (2336'-, Edt. Miirtschenstock; Rossli, plain), a village also frequented as a summer-resort. From the Britterhohe (2920'), reached in 1/2 br. by ascending to the left from the Hot. Miirtschenstock (finger-post), we enjoy an admir- able view of the Walensee and the mountains of Toggenburg and Glarns ; a more extensive view is obtained from the Neuenkamm (6253'), reached via ndbergschwend in 3^/2 bra. (guide desirable). — The road now ascends for a short distance, and then descends steadily. In 20 min. we reach a point (right), affording a good view of the head of the Walensee, the valley of the Lint Canal, bounded on the left by the Hirzli (5387'), and the Wiggis chain. Farther on we pass through the Britterwald. Near (3 M.) Beglingen we get a glimpse of the Glarnisch and the Todi. and then descend in windings (avoided by short-cuts) to (1 M.) Mollis (p. 67). A fine new road (recommended to pedestrians) leads from Miihlchorn via (3/4 M.) Tiefenwinkel (brewery) and (IV2 M.) Murg to (2 M.) Uhter-Terzen and (37-2 M.) Walenstadt. Two more tunnels (to the left, Quinten, see above). 51 M. Murg [Schiffli, Rbssli, pens, at both 4 fr. ; Kreuz , all rustic), charmingly situated at the mouth of the Murgthal, with factories and spiuning-mills. A visit to the "^Murgthal, a valley 10 M. long, is recommended (guide unnecessary). The path ascends rapidly, past the Rossli, as far as (20 min.) a "Waterfall below a bridge, which we do not cross (or we may cross the bridge and return to Murg by the pleasant path on the other side). In 20 min. more we reach another bridge, and cross it. After a steep ascent of 3/4 hr. on the left bank the path returns to the Murg and crosses it by a third bridge at the (V2 br.) beginning of the Merlen-Alp (3640'). [To the right diverges the route to the Miirtschen-Alp (p. 47).] It then ascends on the right bank, through meadows and wood, to the (2V2 hrs.) three* Murgseen (5490', 5955', and 5980'). From the highest lake the *Iloththor (8250') may be ascended in 2 hrs. (guide desirable ; the fisherman or a herdsman); striking view (W. the Glarnisch, S.W, the Todi, S.E. the Calanda, E. the Scesaplana, N. the Sentis and Curflrsten, N.W. the hill- to Coire. WALENSTADT. I. Route 14. 47 country of Zurich). — From the highest lake a rough path crosses the Wideratein-Furkel (66070 to the Miihlebach-Thal and (2V2 hrs.) Engi in the Sernfthal (p. 75); another (guide required) leads over the Murgsee-Furkel (6570') to the Afiirtschen-Alp (6060'), past the Murtschenstock and Fronalp- stock, to the Heuboden-Alp (p. 68) and (5 hrs.) Glarus. Or, from the Miirt- schen-Alp we may proceed via the Spannegg (p. 68) to the Thalalp-See and to (4V2 hrs.) Obstalden or Filzbach (p. 46). Beyond Murg another tunnel ; above, to the right, the village of Quarten (1760') with a new church (*Curhaus Quarten, with hydro- pathic, prettily situated about 1 M. from Unter-Terzen ; pens, from 4 fr.). — 53 '/2 M. Unter-Terzen (Freieck ; Zur Blumenau). On the steep rocks of the opposite bank several waterfalls are visible ; to the right, the village of Mols. Then a tunnel and a bridge across the Seez Canal. 56 M. Walenstadt (1395'; *Hdtel Churfirsten, at the station, R., L., & A. 2-3, B. 1, lunch i% D. 2, pens. 5-6 fr. ; '^Hirsch, in the village, moderate) lies Y2 M. from the E. end of the lake (*Jff6f.- Pens. Seehof^ on the lake). ExcDKSioN (with guide) from Walenstadt by a steep path through wood to the (2 hrs.) Alp Losis; then, nearly level, to the Alp Bills and (3/4 hr.) the Tschingeln-Alp (5040'-, milk); follow the slopes of the Curflrsten, with a series of beautiful views, to the (I'/i hr.) Alp Schwaldis (4775') and return by Alp Schrinen (4205') to (IV2 hr.) Walenstadt ; or proceed from Alp Schwal- dis to the Sals- Alp (4660'), descend by the Sta/eli to the (1 hr.) Laubegg Alp (4605') and thence by a steep path, but free from danger, to (IV2 hr.) Quinten (p. 46), whence the lake is crossed by boat to Murg. — To Amden via the Leistkamm, 10 hrs. with guide, very attractive (comp. p. 45). — To WiLDHAUS in the Toggenburg (p. 63) a rough path, with splendid views, crosses the Kdserruck (7435' ; 6 hrs. ; guide necessary). We now ascend the broad valley of the Seez. On a rock to the right, the ruins of Grdplang (Romanic Crap Long'), or Langenstein ; to the left, on a rocky height above Bdrschis, the pilgrimage-church oi St. Georgen. 58 M. Flums (1475'; Hotel Bahnhof; Lowe). — Near (64 M.) Mels (1637'; Melserhof, at the station; Frohsinn') the Seez descends from the Weisstannen-Thal, a valley to the S.W.' The *Alvier (7753'), an admirable point of view, may be ascended hence in 5 hrs. (guide unnecessary for adepts). The path ascends steeply from the station to the right to the (8 hrs.) Alp Palfries (4850'; Curhaus, plain), traverses steep and rocky slopes, and (272 hrs.) reaches the summit through a narrow cleft by steps cut in the rock (club -hut, dilapidated). The magnificent view embraces the Rhine Valley, the Rhsetikon, and the Vorarlberg, Appenzell, and Glarus Mts. (good panorama by Simon). Good paths ascend from Flums, Sevelen, Buchs, and Triibbach (comp. p. 61). From Mels to Vattis, through the Weisstannen-Thal and Kalfeisen-Thal (10-11 hrs.). Road to (8M.) Weisstannen (3270'; *Alpenhof; Gamsli). Thence (with guide), by Unter-Lavtina (4325') and Valtusch (5940'), in 4 hrs. to the Heidel Pass (7305'), between the Seezberg and the Heidelspitz (7980'), where we have a fine view of the huge Sardona Glacier, the Trinserhorn, and Ringelspitz. Descent into the Kal/eisen-Thal, to the Tamina bridge near St. Martin (4430') 2 hrs., and to Vattis (p. 66) 2 hrs. more. — From Weiss- tannen to Elm by the Foo or Ramin Pass, see p. 76. At (65 M.) Sargans (1590'; '^Hotel Thoma, at the station, R. 2, B. 1 fr.; Rail. Restaurant; Krone^ Lowe^ in the town) we reach the Rhine Valley and the Rorschach and Coire line. The little town, 3/4 M. to the N.W., rebuilt since a fire in 1811, lies picturesquely 48 /. Route 75. WINTERTHUR. From Zurich at the foot of the Gonzen (p. 61), and is commanded by an old castle (still habitahle) of the former Counts of Toggenburg. Railway from Sargans via Itagatz to (79 M.) Coire, see R. 18. 15. From Zurich to Romanshorn and Friedrichshafen (Lindau) . Comp. Maps, pp. 40, 26, 28. Railwat to Romanshorn (51 M.) in 3 hrs. (8fr. 65, 6 fr. 5, 4 fr. 35 c.). Steamboat thence to Friedrichshafen in 1 hr. (1 ^ 20 or 80 pf.) ; to Lin- dau in 11/2 hr. (2 Uif 25 or 1 ^ 50 pf. ; see p. 28). The train crosses the Sihl, ascends in a wide curve, crosses the Limmat, and passes under the Kdferberg by a tunnel 1020 yds. long. — 3 M. Oerlikon (1443'; Sonne; Rail. Restaurant). From Oerlikon to Dielsdorf, 12 M., railway in 35 minutes. Stations Glatthrugg., Rumlang, and (8V2 M.) Oberglatt, the junction for Niederglatt and (41/2 M.) Biilach (see below). Then (IOV2 M.) Niedevhasli and (12 M.) Diels- dorf (1410'; Sonne; Post), the terminus of the line, IV2 M. below the pret- tily situated old town of Regensberg (2024'; "Krone), on the E. spur of the Ldgern-Gebirge (p. 21). Fine view from the tower of the old castle (now an institution for hovs of weak intellect); still more extensive from the Eochwacht (2830'), 1 hr. farther on. The line crosses the Qlatt At (6^/2'M..') Wallisellen, (Linde) the Rapperswil line diverges to the right (see p. 43). Fine view of the Glarus Alps. 71/2 M. Dietlikon; IO1/2M. Effretikon, (branch- line to Wetzikon and Hinweil, p. 44); 13 M. Kemptthal. Near Winterthur the Toss is crossed. On a hill to the left, the ruins of Hoch-Wiil fling en (1962'). 16M. Winterthur (1447'; pop. 16,985; *Goldner Lowe, R., L., & A. 21/0-3, B. 11/4, D. 3, pens. 7-8 fr. ; *Krone, R. & A. 21/2 fr. ; *Adler, R., L., & A. 11/2-2, B. 1, D. 11/2-3, pens. 5-8 fr.; *Rail. Restaurant; Rheinfels and Walhalla Restaurants; U. Langsdorf, U.S. Con. Agent), on the Eulach, is an industrial and wealthy town and an important railway-junction. The handsome Stadthaus was designed by Semper. The large School (with statues of Zwingli, Gessner , Pestalozzi , and Sulzer) contains the town-library and a few small Roman antiquities found near Ober-Winterthur (p. 23). In the KunsthaUe are some good Swiss paintings. The Panorama of the Rigi near the Polytechnicum is worth seeing. From Winterthur to Waldshdt, 32 M., railway in 2 hrs. The line traverses the Tossthal. Stat. Toss, Wulflingen, Ffungen-Keftenhach, Enibrach- Roi'has. The train leaves the Toss and passes through a tunnel (1980 yds.). IOV2 M. Biilach (1374'; Kopf; Kreuz), a small town near the Olatt, once fortified (branch-line to Oberglatt and Otelfingen, p. 21). The line runs through the Hardwald to the N. to Olattfelden and (131/2 M.) Eglisau; the latter (Lowe; Hirsch), with its castle, lies on the right bank of the Rhine. We now follow the left bank of the Rhine and cross the Glatt. Stat. Zweidlen; 19 M. Weiach- Kaisersluhl , an old town with a massive tower; on the right bank Schloss Rbteln, and farther on, the ruins of Weiss-Wasserstelz. Stat. Riimikon, Reckingen, Zurzach, and (30>/2 M.) Coblenz, where the Rhine is crossed to (32 M.) Waldshut (p. 24). Via Lau/enburg to Stein-Sdckingeii, see pp. 24, 23. From Winterthur to Rvti, 29V2M., in !2-3 hrs., by the Tdssthalbahn. Stations Griize and Seen. Near (6 M.) iSennhof (25 min. to the S. W. of which to Friedrichshafen. FRAUENFELD. I. Route If). 49 ia the old chateau of Kyburg, commanding a fine view) we enter the pretty Tossthal. Stations Kollbrunn, Rikon, Zell, (10 M.) Turbenthal (Bar), Wyla (with a picturesquely situated church), Saland, (16 BI.) Batima (Tanne), all thriving industrial places. Abnut 2'/4 M. to the E. of Zell, on the slope of the Schauenberg, is the frequented Oi/renbad^ with an alkaline spring (see below). Then Steg, Fischenthal., Oibswyl-Ried. From the last, situated on the watershed, the Bachfel may be ascended in 1 hr. Then through the picturesque valley of the Jona to (25 M.) Wald (2U37'; Lowe; liossli)^ at the S.E. foot of the Bachtel (p. 44). Passing the waterfall of Hohe Lau/, we join the Ziirich and Rapperswil line at (,291,2 M.) Riiti (p. 44). From Winterthur to Scfiaffhausen , see R. 12; to St. Oallen and Ror- schach, see R. 16; to Constance., see R. 11. The Romanshorn line traverses the green and fertile Thurgau, 20 M. Wiesendangen ; 24 M. Islikon. 26 M. Frauenfeld (1340'; pop. 6087; *Falke; *H6tel Bahn- hof, at both R. 11/2-2, B. 1, D. with wine 21/2 fr.; Krone), on the Murg, with large cotton-factories, is the capital of the Thurgau. The handsome Schloss on an ivy-clad rock is said to have been built by a Count of Kyburg in the 11th century. From Frauenfeld to Wyl, 11 M., steam-tramway in I-IV4 hr. (fares 1 fr, 80, 1 fr. 30 c ). Stations : Murkart., Mazingen^ Jakobsthal., Wdngi, Rosen- thal., Miinchweilen., and Wyl (see below). 29 M. Felben. Near (3272 M. ) MiiUheim the train crosses the Thur. 35 M. Marsfeffen; 371/2 M.Wem/*eWm (1463'). To the left Schloss Weinfelden (1850'; view), on the vine -clad Ottenberg. 391/2 M. Burglen. — 41 M. Sulgen (1584'; Helvetia; Schweizerhof). Feom Sdlgen to Gossau, 141/2 M., railway in 67 min. (1 fr. 65, 1 fr. 15 c.). The line traverses the pretty valley of the Thur. Stations Kra- dolf, Silterthal. 6 M. Bischofzell (1653'; Linde; Thurbad), a small town at the confluence of the Thur and Sitter. Then Hauptweil., Arnegg, Gossau (see p. 50). Stations J5Jrf en (Hot. Bahnhof), Amrisweil, and (51 M.) Bomans- horn(1322'; *H6telBodan, R., L., &A.2-3, B. 1 fr.; *Falke; Jdger ; *Rail. Restaurant), on a promontory on the Lake of Constance. Thence to Friedrichshafen, or Lindau, see p. 28. 16. From Zurich to St. Gallen, Rorschach, and Lindau. Cojnp. Maps., pp. 40, 54, 28. Railway to St. Gallen (52V2M.) in 3 hrs. (8 fr. 80, 6 fr. 20, 4 fr. 40 c); to Rorschach (62 M.) in 33/4 hrs. (10 fr. 35, 7 fr. 45, 5 fr. 30 c). — Steamboat from Rorschach to Lindau in IV4 hr. (1 J^ 65 or luif 10 pf.). From Zurich to (16 M.) Winterthur, see p. 48. The St. Gallen railway is unattractive. The Curflrsten gradually appear to the S., and the Appenzell Mts. to the S.E. — 2OV2 M. Rater schen ; 24 M. Elgg (2012'; Ochs ; Lowe). To the S. (4 M.) is t\iQ Schauenherg (2930'; fine view), on the S.W, slope of which lies the Oyrenbad (see above). Stations Aador/" (Linde), Esehlikon, Sirnach. — 341/2 M- Wyl (1936'; *H6tel Bahnhof), a pleasant old town (3507inhab.). "Branch- line to Ebnat, see p. 63; steam-tramway to Frauenfeld, see above. The train crosses the Thur by an iron bridge , near the old Babdbkse, Switzerland. 16th Edition. 4 50 /. Route 16. ST. GALLEN. From Zurich castle of Schwarzenbach. 391/2 M. Vtzwyl, the station for Nieder- Utzwyl on the left, and Ober-Utzwyl on the right. (Near the former, 11/4 M. from the station, is the hydropathic oi Buchenthal.') — 43 M. Flawyl ('2020'; *Rdssli; Posi)^ a large manufacturing village. The Glatt is crossed. 46 M. Gossau (Hot. Bahnhof; branch- line to 5ui^en, see p. 49). — 481/2M. Winkeln (Kienz). Feom Winkelk to Appekzell, 16 M., in IV-^ i"., by the narrow-gauge Appenzell Railway . The line passes the 5ei«ric/<56ad (^Curhaus, with chaly- beate spring). 3 M. Herisau (2550'; 12.937 inhab, ; "Lowe, R. 2V2, D. 3, pens. 7-8 fr. •, Storch), a thriving town with extensive muslin-factories and a clock-tower attributed to the 7fh century. — 5 M. Wi/len; 5V2M. Waldstatl (2700'; 'Hirsch; Pens. Sentisblick), with'a chalybeate spring and whey-cure. Then through the Urndsch Valley, by Zuvdiersmiihle^ to (91/4 M.) Urn&scb (2746'; "Krone; Bahnhof). About 1/2 M. above Urnasch is the primitive spa of Rosenhiigel (2892'). — Beyond Urnasch the train passes the (ll'/2 31.) Jacobsbad (to the E,), with its mineral spring (good quarters), and goes on to (13 M.) Gonten (2970'; Lotce; Krone; Bar) and (14 M.) Gonienbad (2926'), a well -managed establishment, with a chalybeate spring (pens. 5-6 fr.). It then crosses the deep valley of the Kaubach to (16 M.) Appenzell (p. 56). — Ascent of the Sentis from Urnasch, see p. 58. Over the Krdzern Pass to I/^eu St. Johann., see p. 63. We now cross the deep valley of the Sitter by an imposing iron bridge, 207 yds. long, and 174' above the river. A little lower down is the Krazernbriicke , with its two stone arches, built in 1810. — 50 M. Bruggen. 521/2 M. St. Gallen. — Hotels. 'Hecht, Theater-Platz, E., L., & A. 2V2-4, D., incl. wine, 31/2 fr., good cuisine; *Linde, Leonhard-Str., with cafe-restaurant; 'Hirsch, in the market-place, R. & A. 2-2V2, D- 3 fr. ; ^Waihalla, opposite the station, R., L., & A. 21/2-31/2, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 7-9 fr.; *ScHiFF, OcHS. moderate. — Cafes. Linde; Pavilion; Trischli; HQrnli ; Rail. Restaurant. — Baths at the Lochlibad , Tobler's (St. Magnihalden), and Seiferfs (Rorschacher-Str.); in summer, river -baths at Dreilinden (p. 51). — Cabs: 1/4 hr., 1-2 persons 80 c, 3-4 pers. 1 fr. 20, Vz ^r. 1 fr. 20 and 1 fr. 80, 3/4 hr. 1 fr. 60 and 2 fr. 40, 1 hr. 2 fr. and 3 fr., luggage 20 c. ; double fares at night. — U.S. Consul-General, /. B. Richman, Esq. St. Gallen (2203'), one of the highest-lying of the larger towns of Europe, the capital of the canton of that name, and an episcopal see (since 1846), is one of the chief industrial towns in Switzerland, embroidered cotton goods being its staple product. Pop. 28,037. From the railway-station we proceed to the left through the Post-Strasse or the Bahnhof- Strasse to the Market-Place , the central point of the crowded Old Tom'n. The busy Marktgasse leads hence to the S. to the Protestant Church of St. Lawrence, rebuilt in the Gothic style in 1849-54 and provided with a lofty tower. Adja- cent is the N. entrance to the Klostbrhof ('Stiftseinfang'), contain- ing the Benedictine Abbey, founded in the 7th cent, by St. Gal- lus, an Irish monk, rebuilt in the 18th cent., and suppressed in 1805, one of the most famous seats of learning in Europe from the 8th to the 10th century. The extensive buildings now accom- modate the Cantonal offices , the bishop's residence, and the cel- ebrated Abbey Library. The last (open on Mon., Wed., and Sat. 9-12 and 2-4, for strangers at other times also) contains 30,000 vols. (1558 incunabula) and many valuable MSS. (a psalter of Notker Labeo to Lindau. ST. GALLEN. /. Route 16. 51 of the 10th cent, and a Nibelungenlied of the 13th cent."); of those mentioned in a catalogue of the year 823 about 400 still exist. — The Abbey Church, rebuilt in 1755-65 in the rococo style, contains finely carved choir-stalls and a beautiful iron choir-screen. Behind the abbey flows the Steinach. — To the E., beyond the moat skirting this part of the old town, is the large Cantonal School House, containing the Totvn Library {^Bibliotheca Vadiana" ; open Tues., Thurs., and Sat., 2-4), which boasts of valuable MSS., chiefly of the Reformation period, and the collections of the Geographical ^' Com- mercial Society (open Sun. 10-12 & 1-3 j Wed. and Sat. 1-3). — Near it, in the Museums-Str., by the Grosse Briihl, is the Museum, containing the municipal collections. On the groundfloor are the Natural History Collections (open Sun. 10-12 and 1-3, Wed. and Frid. 1-3), and on the first floor the Picture Gallery of the Kunst- verein (open Sun. 10-12 & 1-3, Wed. 1-4; works by Roller, Diday, Makart, A. Feuerbach, Ritz, Schirmer, and others), and the collec- tions of the Historical Society (open Sun., 10-12 and Wed. 1-4). Behind the museum is the Public Park, prettily laid out. The Industrial Museum, with a school of design, is in the Vadian- Strasse (open Sun. 10-12; on other days, except Mon., 9-12 and 1-5). — From the S. end of the town a cable-tramway (3 min.; fare 15, down 10 c.) ascends through the steep gorge of the Steinach to the suburb of Muhlegg (2440' ; Restaurant). On the other side of the Steinach, at the base of the Freudenberg (see below), 1/2 M. to the E., are the open-air baths of Dreilinden, much frequented in summer. ExcuKSioNS. The 'Freudenberg (2910'; Inn), IV2 M. to the E. of the town and 3/4 M. from Muhlegg (see above; carriage for 1-2 pers. 7 fr., 3-4 pers. 12 fr.), commands a charming view of the Lake of Constance as far as Lindau; in the foreground lie St. Gallen and the surrounding country, dotted with houses, to the S. the Sentis chain, the Glarnisch, Todi, etc. — The -Vogelisegg^ (41/2 M.; carr. 6 or 10 fr. ; p. 55) and the "Frolichsegg (4M.; p. 58) also aflord fine views. — The nunnery of Notkersegg (2580') and the Kurzegg Inn (2735'), both on the road toVogelisegg, command fine views of the Bodensee. — To the Rosenberg (2470'; carriage 2 fr., 3 fr.), v^ith the Kurzenburg, a deaf-and-dumb institution, and numerous villas; the route runs vSa Rotmonten, on the saddle, to the (1 hr.) inn of SS. Peter and Paul (2580'), with a large deer-park. — Through the Gemeindsboden or via Muhlegg (see above) to the Falkenburg (2560'), which commands the best view of the town. We then cross the wooded Bernegg to the Vogelhei'd, w^ith a charming view and a monument to the poet SchefFel, to the ('/4 hr.) Im Nest Inn, and to the (10 min.) Solitude (2690'; views). Then back by the Teufen road (2 M.). — Kronbiihl (2035'; Inn; carriage 3 fr., 5 fr.), on the Arbon road, with a view of the Lake of Constance. — "Waid, a health-resort, 8 M. to the N.E,, with splendid view of the Lake of Constance (carriage 4 fr., 6 fr. ; diligence from St. Fiden, see below). — Bruggen and the '' Sitterbriicke (p. 50), by rail in 8 minutes. — Martinstobel and Moitelischloss, see p. 52. — Tramway to Gais, see p. 56. From St. Gallen the line descends through a long cutting to (531/2 M.) St. Fiden (2126'; Hot. National), and enters the wild valley of the Steinach. Embankments and cuttings are traversed in rapid succession. Nearly the whole Lake of Constance is frequently 4* 52 /. Route 16. RORSCHACH. From Zurich visible, with Friedrichshafen on its N. bank. — Turning to the right, the line crosses the Ooldach by a bridge of five arches near (567-2 M.) Morschwil (1778'; *Pens. Gallusberg, near the station). 62 M. Rorschach. — Town Railway Station, Vz M. to the E. of the pier, where the lines from St. Gallen and Romanshorn join that from Coire; Lake Railway Station, at the pier, not called at by all trains. Hotels. "Anker, R., L., & A. 2-4, B. I1/4, D. 3, pens. 6-7 fr. ; 'Seehok, with garden; Hiksch, moderate; Badhof; Hotel Bodan; Hot. Stieelin; ScHiFF, R. 11/2, B. 1, D. IV2, pens. 5-6 fr. ; Hotkl Bahnhof, Post, R. 2, D. 2V2 fr., these two near the station; Schafle, with garden, moderate; R688LE, R. 1-1 V4, pens. 31/2 fr. ; Zuk Ilge; Gruner Baum, R., L.. & A. 11/2-2, B. 1, D. 2-21/2, pens. 5-7 fr., well spoken of; Ochs, with brewery. — 'Rail. Restaurant^ with a balcony and view of the lake. Beer at Stierlitis, behind the station, and at the Falke (with rooms to let). — Private apart- ments reasonable. — Baths at Cotter's, on the lake; Lake Baths V* M. to the W. (bath with towel 35 c). Rorschach (1310' ; pop. 5867), a busy town on the Lake of Con- stance, chiefly important for its corn-trade, is also a summer-resort. Excursions. Above Rorschach rises the old abbey of Marienberg-, with handsome cloisters, now a school. The view from the Rorschacher Berg, the green orchard-like hill behind the town, embraces the whole lake, with the Vorarlberg Mts. and the Rhsetikon chain. Its summit, the *Ros8- biihel (Inn), may be reached in I1/4 hr. from Rorschach (boy to show the way desirable). The whole hillside is intersected by roads, which afford a great many pleasant walks. Good inns at (1/2 hr.) the Sulzherg and (1/2 hr.) the Hohrain. — The St. Anna Schloas, since 1449 the property of the Abbots of St. Gallen, has been partly restored ('-Restaurant); fine view from the upper rooms. The road, which is steep towards the end, takes about 3/4 hr. from the station. The view from the Jdgerhaus, iy2 hr. farther up, is still more extensive (Inn, good wine). To the Martinstobel and Mottelischloss and back, 3 hours. By the St. Gallen railway to St. Fiden, see p. 51. Below the station we take the road to Neudorf (brewery on the left), descend the high-road, and diverge to the right by the Heiden road into the Martinstobel, the gorge of the Goldach, spanned by an iron bridge 100' high. Here, at the beginning of the 10th cent., the monk Xotker composed his '■Media vita in morte sumus\ upon seeing a man accidentally killed. Beyond the bridge we ascend the road to the left, passing the debris of a landslip which took place in 1845, to Untereggen (Schafle), and thence descend the Goldach road as far as a road leading through a grassy dale to the right to the Mdttelischloss. This was for- merly the seat of the Barons of Sulzberg , of whom it was purchased by the wealthy Molteli famUy of St. Gallen, and after various vicissitudes it has now fallen into disrepair. *View from the platform on the top (gratuity), one of the finest near the lake. Pleasant walk back to Rorschach through the Witholz (1/2 hr.), — To Tiibach , surrounded by fruit-trees, and the Castle of Steinach. about 1 hr. — By the 'Obere Weg', with fine views, to (1 hr.) Wylen (-Inn) , near the Duke of Parma's chateau of Wartegg, with its beautiful park. — By Staad (p. 60) to (I1/4 hr.) Schloss Weinburg, the summer-residence of the Prince of Hohenzollern (visitors admitted to the fine park); splendid view from the Steinerne Tisch, above the chateau (return via Thai and Rheinegg, p. 60). — To Walzenhattsen and the "Meld- egg, see p. 60. At Horn (on the lake, I1/2 M. to the N.W.; railway, see p. 81) there are a large "Hotel "esslau in 2 hrs.), ascends over stony slopes, and mounts a steep rocky slope in zigzags to the first mountain-terrace. The ascent is then more gradual, over rock and pasture, to the Fliesbordlamm and the (2'/? hrs.) Club-Hut on the Thierwiet (6835'). We next traverse rocks and debris on of Appenzell. TEUFEN. I. Route 17. 59 the Oraukopf (7255'), and ascend in zigzags to the arete between the Girespitz and the Sentis. Lastly we mount the Flatten by a flight of steps 140 yds. long, protected by a wire railing, and reach the (IV2 hr.) summit. The Altmann (8000'; 7 hrs., with guide; toilsome), is ascended from the Weissbad via the Fdhlen- Alp and Zwingli Pass (see above)-, descent through the Lochlihetter to the Megglis-Alp (p. 58). From Weissbad to the Rhine Valley. The direct route by the HoHE Kasten (51/2 hrs.) leads to the S.E. through (1/2 hr.) BrUlisau (3030'; Krone, rustic) ; by the church we follow the paved path , past the first house, as far as a barn, and ascend the meadows as far as the last group of houses, 1/2 br. ; then straight on (not by the beaten path), through the enclosure on the right, to the Inn '■Ruhsitz'' (4495'; V2br., bridle-path thus far), at the S.W. base of the Kamor (5215'). From the inn a steep but good path ascends to (I1/4 hr.) the summit of the *Hohe Kasten (5900'; "/?m), which slopes precipitously on the E. towards the Rhine Valley. Splendid view of the Sentis group, with its three spurs on the N.E., which is nowhere Been to such advantage; in the other direction we see the Rhine Valley, stretching as far as the Lake of Constance, and the Alps of the Vorarlberg and Orisons. We may now descend by a steep and stony path to (3 hrs.) stat. Sennwald-Saletz (p. 61). It diverges from the Weissbad path to the left, just below the saddle between the Kamor and Hohe Kasten, skirts the W. and S. slopes of the latter, and descends in zigzags (no possibility of mistake; several finger-posts lower down). Traversing wood for the last hour, we at length reach the village of Sennwald and the station. Railway from Appenzell to Winkeln, via Urndsch and Herisau, see p. 48. — It is preferable, however, to drive via Gais and Teufen to St. Gallon (to Gais, 3^/2 M., diligence five times daily in 1 hr. ; thence to St. Gallon, B'/o M., steam-tramway in II/4 hr.). To ( 31/.2 M.) Gais, see p. 50. Thence the steam-tramway (rack-and- pinion line at the steeper places; pretty route) descends via Zwei- briicken, where the road to Appenzell diverges to the left (p. 56). and along the Rothbach to (I3/4 M.) the prettily situated village of iJw/iier(2735'; Rossli, etc.), and beyond the Rose and Linde inns (good ; pens. 4-5 fr.) ascends to (41/2 M.) Teufen (2750'; pop. 4629 ; *Hechf), a wealthy industrial village, picturesquely situated, with a fine view of the Sentis chain. It then skirts the W. slope of the Teuferegg , through meadows and wood, passing the stations of Sternen, Niederteufen, Lustmi'ihle, and Riethdusle, and finally de- scends in sharp curves to (8'/.2 M.) St. Qallen (p. 50). The Footpath from Teufen to St. Gallen (IV2 hr.) diverges from the high-road near the 'Hecht' inn , and immediately ascends to (•/* hr.) the Schajle's-Egg (3185'; Inn); it then descends to (3/4 hr.) St. Georgen, where it joins the high-road to (IV2 M.) St. Gallen. — About 10 min. to theW. of the Schafle's-Egg is the -Frblichsegg (3290'; "Inn), which com- mands an admirable view: Teufen in the foreground, the green Alpine valley sprinkled with dwellings, and the Appenzell Mts., beginning with the Fahnern, on the left, the Kamor, the Hohe Kasten about the middle of the chain, the green Ebenalp below the snow, more to the right the Altmann and the Sentis with its snow-fields, then in the distance the Glarnisch and Speer; to the W., the railway and road to Wyl. and to the N., part of the Lake of Constance. Hence to St. Gallen, 3 M. 60 18. From Rorschach to Coire. Comp. Maps, pp. 28, 54. 57 M. Railway in 3V4-4V2 hrs. (9fr. 75, 6fr. 85, 4fr. 90c.; see In- trod. X. as to circular-tickets, etc.). Rorschach, see p. 52. The train skirts the lake for a short way. To the right is the castle of Wartegg (p. 52). 27-2 M. Staad [Anker ; good swimming and other baths), a picturesque place with quarries of white sandstone. Heiden (p. 54) is seen on the hill to the right. Farther on we have a glimpse of the Weinhurg (p. 52), at the foot of the vine-clad Buchberg. The train traverses a delta, very fertile at places, which has been formed by the deposits of the Rhine. — 51/2 M. Blieinegg (1320'; *Post; Eossli; Eecht}, a village at the foot of vineyards. Omnibuses ply in 12 min. from the station to (IV4 M.) Thai (1344'; Ochs), an industrial place with 3319 inhab., picturesquely situated at the foot of the Buchberg (to the Steinerne Tisch, 25 min.. see p. 52). A diligence runs thrice daily in 1 hr. 5 min. from Rheinegg to (3 M.) Walzenhausen (2225'; *Curhaus; ~H6l.-Pens. Eheinburg, by the church, pens. 6-8V2 fr.), a large village and health-resort, pleasantly situated and commanding beautiful views. The road (shorter footpath , ascending to the right beyond the Rhine bridge) runs from the cuurch along the hill- side, affording charming views of the Rhine valley and traversing woods, to the (1 M.) Convent of Grimmenstein (2185'; *Lowe). About '/z M. farther on, near the Inn 'Zur 3Ialdegg\ the road to (3 M.) 'Au (see below) di- verges to the left. About 1/3 M- farther on, where the road makes its last ascent and bends to the right before descending to Bernegg (see below), a footpath, skirting the ridge to the left, leads to (10 min.) the *Meldegg (2115'; Inn in stimmer), a rocky promontory at the angle of the Rhine valley, commanding a splendid view of the valley, the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Alps, and the Lake of Constance. We then descend to (V2 hr.) Au (see below) or (3/4 hr.) St. Margrethen (see below). Diligence from Rheinegg to Wolfhalden and Heiden twice daily in I8/4 hr., see p. 54. Walzenhausen (see above) is visible on the hill to the right for a short time. At (3 M.) St. Margrethen (1330'; Linde; Ochs; Sonne') the line to Bregenz (p. 432) diverges to the left (to the Meld- egg, 1 hr., see above). "We now cross the Rhine, the boundary between Switzerland and the Austrian Yorarlberg, by means of a timber-bridge. The Rhine Valley, formerly called the Upper Rheingau, was, like Ticino and Thurgau, governed down to 1798 by Swiss bailiffs. Part of its bot- tom is marshy and exposed to inundation when the water is high. Maize is largely cultivated. The train skirts the hills, which are covered with vineyards and orchards, and from Heldsberg to Mon- stein passes between the river and abrupt rocks. 9^/2 M. Au (1338' ; *Schijf, good wine; Rossli ; Railway Restaurant), prettily situated at the foot of the Meldegg (see above). To the left rises the snow- clad Scesaplana and farther away the Drei Schwestern ; to the right the Hohe Kasten with its inn (p. 59). Road to (4 M.) Walzenhausen., see above. Ascent to the *Meldegg (3/4-1 hr.), see above. — About 2 M. to the W., in a fertile, wine-growing basin, lies Berneck (13S0'; Drei Eidgenossen ; Ochs; Pens. Tigelberg). a pleas- ant village (2232 inhab.), with well-equipped public baths. ALTSTATTEN. /. Route 18. 61 12 M. Heerhrugg ; 14 M. Behstein-Marbach. 16 V2 M. Altstatten (1540'; pop. 8416 ; *Dr€i Konige, moderate; Freihof; Landhaus ; Lowe), a quaint little town. Through a gorge to the right is seen the Sentis (p. 58) and beside it the Fahnern. By the railway, to the right, is the Convent of the Good Shepherd (orphanage), with a large new domed church. Roads lead hence via the Landmark (3265'; Inn) to (8 M.) Trogen, and via the Stoss (3135') to (6 M.) Gais (p. 5U) ; and a pleasant path in 3 hrs. by the Chapel of St. Anthony to Heiden (p. 64). 191/2 M. Oberriet (1387'; Sonne). On the E. slope of a wooded rock to the right is the square tower of the castle of Blatten. 221/2 M. Riiti (Zum Bahnhof). — 27 M. Saletz-Sennwald (Restau- rant by the station). To the left are the Drei Schwestern (6880'). Ascent of the Hohe Kasten (5900'; 4V2 hrs.; without guide), see p. 59. — To THE Weissbad (6 hrs.), a pleasant v/alk, by Sax and the Saxer Lucke (5430'), passing the Fdhlen and Sdmbtis lakes (comp. p. 58). 29 M. Haag-Oams (*Kreuz), where the line crosses the Toggen- burg and Feldkirch road (p. 59). Above (31 M.) Buchs {*RaiL Restaurant ; *Rhaetia; Zum Arlberg, both at the station) rises the well-preserved chateau of Werdenberg . Railway to Feldkirch, see p. 432; custom-house examination at Buchs for travellers to or from Austria. — On a height, on the opposite bank of the Rhine, lies Vaduz (1525'; Engel; *Lowe), with the white chateau of Liechtenstein on a lofty rock, the capital of the principality of Liech- tenstein, at the foot of the Drei Schwestern (see above). Beyond the large village of (3472 M.) Sevelen (*Traube) rises the ruined chateau of Wartau (2185'). On a height to the left, beyond the Rhine, near Balzers, is the extensive ruined castle of Guttenberg, where the ascent of the Luziensteig begins (p. 62). Beyond (39 M.) Trilbbach (1585' ; Lowe) the rocks of the Schollberg have been blasted to make way for the road and the railway. The Alvier (7753'), an admirable point, ascended from Buchs, Sevelen, or Triibbach in 5-5V2 hrs., see p. 47. The route from Triibbach is by Atz- moog, Malans, and past the ruin of Wartau, to (3/4 hr.) Oberschan and (4V2 hrs.) the top ; descent 3 hrs. — The Gonzen (6014'), from Triibbach in 4'/2 hrs., is also easy and interesting. 42 M. Sargans (1590'; *H6tel Thoma, at the station), the junction of the Weesen (Glarus) and Ziirich line (p. 48). Carriages sometimes changed here. The scenery becomes grander and more picturesque; to the N.W. appears the long serrated chain of the Curfirsten (p. 45), to the E. the St. Luzienberg or Fldscherberg (3730' ; p. 62) and the grey pyramid of the Falknis (p. 62). To the right, near Vilters, is the Vntere Sar Fall, fine after rain. 45 M. Ragatz, see p. 64. To the right is the ruin of Freuden- berg (p. 64); farther on, to the left, are the pension and the ruined castle of Wartenstein (p. 65). Below the influx of the Tamina the train crosses the Rhine by a wooden bridge. 46 M. Maienfeld (1725'; pop. 1227; Hot.-Pens. Vilan, at the station; Hirsch; Zum Falknis; Rossli, good wine) is an old and thriv- ing little town. The tower (restaurant ; fine view from the top) is said to have been erected in the 4th cent, by the Roman Emp. Constantius. 62 /. Route 18. LANDQDART. The St. Luziensteig (2230' ; Inn, good wine), a fortified defile between the Fldscherberg (3730') and the Falknis, through which the road to Vaduz and Feldkirch leads, is 2 M. from Maienfeld and is frequently visited from Ragatz. Fine view from the highest block-house (now destroyed), on the top of the Flaflcherberg, V/i hr. farther to the W., and also on the return. — The Falknis (8420), ascended from the Luziensteig through the Glecktobel and by the Sarina-Alp or Fldscher-Alp (6 hrs. ; with guide), is fatiguing but interesting. (Better from Maienfeld, with the guide Fortunat Enderlin. via Jenins, the Vordere Alp, Sarina Alp, and through the Fleischer- Thai.) On the vine-clad slopes to the left lie the villages of Jenins (above it the ruins of Wyneck and Aspermont) and Malans (p. 356). The train crosses the Landquart, near its influx into the Rhine. 491/2 M. Landquart (1730'; Rail. Restaurant; *H6t. Landquart, near the station, R., L., & A. 4, D. with wine 3^2 f^.), on the road to the Pratigau, and the i unction of the line to Davos (see p. 356). To the W., in the background, rise the barren Graue Horner (p. 66). The district between Maienfeld and Coire, with its numerous cas- tles, is remarkable for its fertility. Its central point is (52 M.) Zizers (1854'; Krone; Zum Bahnhof), an ancient little borough. To the left, at the foot of the hills, are Molindra, a summer-residence of the Bishop of Coire, and the village of Trimmis. On the right tower the peaks of the Calanda (356'); at its base are the ruined castles of Liechten- stein, Grottenstein, and Haldenstein, at the foot of which last lies the village of the same name, with a well-preserved walled chateau. 57 M. Coire, see p. 354. 19. From Wyl through the Toggenburg to Buchs in the Rhine Valley. Comp. Map., p. 5i. Railway from Wyl to Ehnat, 15V2 M., in 1 hr. 5 min. (1 fr. 95, 1 fr. 40 c. ; 2nd and 3rd cl. only). — From Ebnat to Buchs. 24 M., diligence thrice daily in 51/4 hrs. (5 fr. 70 c.); also several times daily to Nesslau in I hr., and to Alt St. Johann in 22/3 hrs. — Carriage with one horse from Wild- hau8 to Oams 8 fr. (carriages in Gams to be had at the 'Kreuz' inn) ; to Buchs 9 fr. ; to Ebnat 14 fr. Wyl, on the Winterthur and St. Gallen line, see p. 49. The train traverses the Toggenburg, the busy and populous valley of the Thur. When the Counts of Toggenburg became extinct (1436) , the County was purchased by the Abbots of St. Gallen, who at the same time secured to the inhabitants their ancient rights and privileges. In the course of centuries, however, a great part of the population having embraced Protestantism,, the abbots violated their contract, which resulted in their expulsion at the beginning of the 18th century. This gave rise to the Toggenburg War , a violent feud in which the Roman Catholic cantons espoused the cause of St. Gallen , while the Protestants took the part of the Toggenburgers. No fewer than 150,000 men were thus gradually brought into the field. In July, 1712, the Roman Catholics were at length defeated at Villmergen in the Aargau ; and a general peace was concluded, which secured to the Toggenburgers full enjoyment of all their ancient liberties, though they were still to belong to the Canton of St. Gallen. 4^2 M. Batzenheid ; opposite is Jonswyl, with a new church. Op- posite (6M.)LMfis6t^r^ we cross the Guggerloch by a viaduct 170 yds. long, and 190' high. 8 M. Butschwyl; 9^/2 M. Dietfurt. WATTWYL. I. Route 19. 63 101/2 M. Lichtensteig (pop. 1529; *Krone), a pleasant town on a rocky height, with a modern Gothic church. On a hill to the E. i^V/i'hT.') is the xninoi Neu- Tog genburg (3565'), a fine point of view. 121/2 M. Wattwyl (2027'; Roas; * Tog genburg), a charming village, with 5260 inhab. and a new church. (Diligence to Utz- nach, 4 times daily in P/^ hr., see p. 44.) On a hill to the right is the nunnery of St. Maria der Engeln, and above it the ruin of Yberg. The last station is (151/2 M.) Ebnat-Kappel. The village of Ebnat (2106'; *Krone; *Adl€r ; Rosenbiihl, a restaurant with view) is a thriving place ; 1 M. to the N. W. is Kappel (Traube; Stern). The 'Speer (6417') may be ascended through the Steinthal in 5 hra. (not difficult for experts, but near the top rather trying^ comp. p. 45); or from Neu St. Johann, or from Nesslau (see below) , by the Alp im Laad and the Herren-Alp in 5 hrs. (guide 7 fr.). The road, commanding a view of the Curflrsten opposite, and, near Neu St. Johann, of the Sentis on the left, ascends slightly on the right bank of the Thur, to Krummenau (2385'), where the ^Sprung', a natural rock-bridge, crosses the stream, Neu St. Johann (Schafle), with an old Benedictine abbey, and (41/2 M.) — 20m. Nesslau (2470'; * Krone; Traube; 5t€rn),with a pretty church. To Uknasch over the Krazeen Pass (41/2 hrs.), interesting. A road a,scend3 from Neu St. Johann through the Lauterihal., via Ennetbiihl and the Riedbad or Ennetbiihler-Bad, to the (IV2 hr.) Alp Bernhalden (3402')', a path to the left then ascends through the Krdzernwald to the Kriizern Pass (3936'), and crosses the pastures oi Krazern io ih.e, {2)1X3.) Rossf all- Alp (Inn), whence a road leads to (1 hr.) Urndsch (p. 50). — Ascent of the Sentis (p. 57) from Nesslau, 61/4 hrs. : from (I1/2 hr.) Bernhalden (see above) in 3/4 hr. to the Alp Gemeinen-Wesen (4210'); new path thence to the (4 hrs.) top (p. 58). — Ascent of the Speer, see above. The scenery becomes bleaker. The road leads past a fine fall of the Weisse Thur to (21/4 M.) Stein (Krone) and (21/4 M.) Starkenbach (Drei Eidgenossen), a straggling village. To the right is the ruin of Starkenstein. (Over the Amdener Berg to Weesen, seep. 45; guide to the pass advisable.) Passing (IY2 ^0 -^^^ '^*- Johann (2920'; *R6ssliJ and (2/4 M.) TJnterwasser (Stern; Traube), prettily situated at the sources of the Thur, we ascend to (S^/4 M.) — 3OV2M. WUdhaus (3600', pens. 5fr.; *Hirsch; Sonne; Tell). A little before the village, on the right, is the wooden house, blackened with age, in which Zwingli was born in 1484. Behind the village, which lies at the foot of the Schafberg (7820'), we obtain a survey of the seven Curflrsten (p. 45) ; or still better from the (3/4 hr.) Sommerikopf (4317'). Ascent of the Sentis from Wildhaus or Alt St. Johann (via the Flis- Alp and the Schafboden in 6 hrs., with guide ; toilsome), see p. 58. — ToWeiss- bad by the Krayalp, the Fdhlensee, and Sdmbtis-See (7 hrs.), see p. 58. — To Walenstadt over the Kdserruck, 6 hrs., see p. 47. The road descends, finally describing a long bend (short-cut for walkers to the right), to (6 M.) Gams (1575'; *Kreuz), in the llhine Valley, and then leads straight to (IY2M.) Haag (p. 61), while a road to the right leads via Orabs and Werdenberg to (31/2 M.) — 391/2 M. Buchs (p. 61). 64 20. Ragatz and Pfafers. Comp. Plan, p. 66, and Map, p. 346. Hotels (most of them open during the season only"). "Quellenhof (PI. a), R., L., & A. from 6, B. l>/2. lunch 4, D. 5, pens. 12-18 fr. ; «Hof Ragatz (PI. b), R., L., & A. from 6, B. l'/2, D, 5, pens. 10-15 fr.; *H6tel Tamina (PI. c), R., L., eyen-j4ip (4 hrs.), or from Netstall by the Auern- Alp (5 hrs. ; guide 8 fr.). 41 M. Netstall (St. Fridolin; Bar; Robe; Schwert), a large vill- age (pop. 2326), lies at the E. base of the Wiggis. The Lontsch, descending from the Klonthal (p. 74), falls into the Lint here (road to Vorauen, see p. 74). 43 M. Glarus. — *Glarner Hof, at the station, E. & A. 8V2, B. IV2, D. 4 fr. ; *Deei Eidgenossen, B,., L., & A. 2, B. 1 fr. ; Lowe ; Sonne ; Blume ; ScewKizERHOF. — Beer at the Cafi Tobias, opposite the station, at the Raben, etc. ; Restaurant (plain) on the Bergli (1883'), 20 min. to the W. of the town, an admirable point of view. Glarus (1490' ; pop. 5400), Fr. Glaris, the capital of the canton, with busy industries, lies at the N.E. base of the precipitous and imposing Vorder-Oldrnisch (7648'), at the W. base of the Schild (7503'), and at the S.E. base of the Wiggis (see above), the barren, grey summits of which form a striking contrast to the fresh green on their slopes. The ITawssiocfc (10,355') forms the background to the S.; to the left the Kdrp f stock (9 iSO'), to the right the i2ac/a(10,l90'). In 1861 , during a violent 'Fohn' (S. wind), the greater part of the town was burned down. The new Romanesque church is used by the Roman Catholics and the Protestants in common. In 1506- 12 the reformer Zwingli was pastor at the old church, on the site of which the law-courts now stand. The two grassy spaces in front represent the old cemetery. The Law Courts contain the Cau- 5* 68 J. Route 21. SCHWANDEN. From Zurich tonal Archives , the public Library , and collections of antiquities and natural curiosities (fine fossils). In the Oovernment ^' Postal Buildings is an excellent relief-model of the canton of Glarus by Becker (adm. free). In the art department is a small Picture Oallery , containing chiefly "works by Swiss artists. The Public Gardens, in front of the Glarner Hof , are embellished with a hand- some fountain, and contain memorial stones to the statesmen J.Heer (d. 1879) and J. J. Blumer (d. 1876), both natives of Glarus. — On the opposite bank of the Lint lies the busy manufacturing village of Ennenda (Schiitzenhof, Neues Bad). Excursions (guides, see p. 69). Pretty walk (road) via Schweizerhaus to (Z'^jz'bL) Schwdndi (see below). — The Schild (7500') is a line point (S'/jhrs.; guide 8 fr.). The path from Rlarus leads through wood and pastures, and over the Ennetberge, to the (3 hrs.) Heuhoden-Alp (4770) and thence to the right, without difficulty, to the top in 2V2 hrs. more. Admirable view of the Murtschenstock, Todi, and Glarnisch. — The Fronalpstock (69SO'; sim- ilar view) is easily ascended by the Ennetberge and the Fronalp in 6 hrs. (guide 7 fr.). — To theMurgthal from the Heuboden-Alp, by the J/ur visitors' tax 1 fr. per week ; dependance at the 'Seggen', on the right bank), beautifully situated. The powerful sulphureous alkaline water drops from a cleft in the Braunwaldberg , I72M. dis- tant. The *View of the head of the valley is very striking : in the centre is the Selbsanft (9938'), to the right the Kammerstock (6975'), and adjoining it part of the Todi (11,887') to the left; between the latter and the Bifertenstock (11,240') lies the Biferten Glacier . Pleasant walks have been laid out on the wooded hillside. — English Church Service at the hotel in summer. Above the rail, station, on the left bank of the Lint, is Ennet- lint (Schweizerhof, at the station ; Klausen, both plain), with large spinning-mills. On the right lies (3/4 M.) Lintthal (2238'; *Bdr or Post; *Rabe; Drei Eidgenossen, well spoken of), a considerable village with 2230 inhabitants. ExcDKSioNS (guides: Fritz Stiissi of Glarus, Heinrich Streiff of Seeriiti, Ahr. Stiissi at the Glarnisch-Hiitte, Salomon and Fritz Zweifel, Heinrich Schiesser, Rob. Ecimig, Thorn. Wichser, and Fritz Vogeli of Lintthal; Peter Elmer and Eilarius Rhyner of Elm-, high charges). To the *Fatschbach Fall (1/2 hr.) : we traverse the village of Lintthal and ascend the Thierfehd road (see below), passing the church; at the finger-post we diverge to the right (opposite, on the left bank, the new Klausen road with its tunnels) and reach a good point of view opposite the tine fall, in its wooded gorge. — To the " PantenbrUcke , ■■'&eli-Alp , and Sandalp, see p. 70; also to the (IV2 hr.) ' Braunwaldberg e (4920'; Niederschlacht and Rubschen inns), a mountain hamlet with a magnificent view of the Todi, best from beside the school, IV2 M. farther on ; to the Oberblegi-See (see above), etc. — Kammer- stock (6975'), by the Kammer-Alp, 4 hrs., repaying, and not difficult. — Ortstock or Silberstock (8908'), by the Alp Brack and the Furkel, 6 hrs., laborious ; splendid view (guide 15 fr.). — Grieset or Faulen (8940'), by the Braunwaldberge, 6 hrs., attractive, and not difficult (guide 18 fr.). The Bose Faulen (9200'), the N. and higher peak of the Grieset, is difficult (61/2-7 hrs.; guide 30 fr.). These peaks afford an interesting survey of the stony wilderness around. Other fine points are the P/annenstock (8440'; 6 hrs.) and the Kirchberg {Hoher Thurm; 8761'; 7 hrs., with guide). From the Faulen via the Dreckloch-Alp (5560') to the Glarnisch-Hutte (p. 74), 41/2 hrs. — Gems- fayrenstock (9758'), from the Upper Sandalp (see p. 70), by the Beckenen and the Clariden Glacier in 31/2 hrs., not difficult (guide 20 fr.). The descent may be made by the Oemsfayer-Alp to the Urner-Boden (p. 71). A road, at first ascending and then level, leads from Lintthal (one-horse carr. from Stachelberg 8 fr. for 1/2 day, two-horse 12 fr. ; 70 /. Route 21. T6DI. whole day 12 or 20 fr.) by the Auengiiter (Inn 'Im Auen') to the (3V2 M.J Thierfehd (2680'; *Hdtel Tbdi, R. & B. 3V4, D. 3, pens. 51/2 fr.), a green pasture surrounded by lofty mountains. During the latter part of the route we have a view of the *Schreienbach Waterfall (230' high), which the morning sun tints with rainbow hues. Fine view of the gorge of the Lint from the ^Kdnzeli^ ^AM. from the inn. A few paces beyond the hotel a bridge crosses the Lint, beyond which the stony path ascends for 1/2 hour. A slab on a large rock on the left is to the memory of Dr. Wisliceuus, who perished on the Griinhorn in 1866. The path then descends a little towards the rav- ine, turns a corner, and reaches (i^hr.) the *Pantenbrucke (3212'), 160' above the Lint, in the midst of imposing scenery. On the right bank, a path ascends the grassy slope straight to the (1/4 hr.) *Ueli-Alp (3612'), where we enjoy a superb view of the Todi. Thence we may either return by the same path to the Hotel Todi; or we may retrace our steps for about 30 yds. and then ascend to the E. by a somewhat unobvious forest-path to the (IV4 hr.) Lower Baumgarten-Alp (52S5'), which lies on the right bank of the valley above the Thierfehd and presents a magnificent view. We next descend by a narrow and dizzy path (guide desirable, but not always to be obtained at the Alp, which is usually empty in summer), skirting the precipice of the Tritt, turning to the left, 5 min. beyond the Baumgarten-Alp, to Obort (3425'; Curhaus, plain, pens. 31/2 fr.), and thence to the right via the Auengiiter to (1 hr.) Lintthal. For persons subject to giddiness this excursion is preferable in the opposite direction; Lintthal, Auengiiter, Obort, Baumgarten-Alp, Ueli- AIp, Pantenbriicke. — A steep path leads to the E. from the Baumgarten- Alp along precipitous grassy slopes to (17* br.) the rocks of the Tfior (6755'), where it becomes easier and bends to the right to (2/4 hr.) the Nutchen-Alp (7270'), thence skirting the Muttenwdndli to (iVi br.) the club-hut on the romantically situated Muttensee (8200'), the loftiest lake among the Swiss Alps. The hut, which has accommodation for 20 persons, is the starting- point for the ascents of the NUschenitock (9500'), Riichi (9355'), Scheidttockli (9220'), Ruchi (10,190'), Eausstock (10,340'), Muttenslock (10,140'), Piz da Dart- gas (9135'), Bifertenstock (11,240', see below), Selbsan/i (9938'), and other peaks. Over the Kisten Pass to Ilanz, see below. The 'Upper Sandalp (6358'), 31/2 hrs. above the Pantenbriicke, is frequently vidited on account of its grand situation. The path ascends beyond the Pantenbriicke to the right (that in a straight direction leads to the Uelialp, see above), crosses the Limmern-Bach^ which descends from a narrow ravine, and the Sand-Bach, and ascends on the left bank to the (1 hr.) Vordere Sandalp (4100'; rfmts.). The path now returns to the right bank. By the Hinfere Sandalp (4330") it crosses the Bifer ten- Bach, and then ascends the steep and fatiguing slope of the Ochsenblanken , 2000' in height, where the Sandbach forms a fine cascade. Lastly we recross to the left bank, where the brook forces its passage through a gorge , and soon reach the (2 hrs.) chalets of the Upper Sandalp (Alpine fare and hay-beds in July and August). The best point of view is 1/2 hr. beyond the chalets. The Lint Valley is terminated by a magnificent group of snow-mountains. The giant of this group is the *T6'di or Piz Rnsein (11,887'; from Lintthal 10-11 hrs.; fit for experts only, guide 35 fr. ; two guides required for one traveller, or one guide for two travellers), with its brilliant snowy crest, the most conspicuous mountain of N.E. Switzerland, ascended for the first time in 1837. The route from the Hintere Sandalp leads through the Bi/erten-Thal via the Mdrenblanken to the(4',2hrs. from Thierfehd) Fridolin Hut of the S. A. C. (6824') on the Bi/erten-AlpeH. We thence ascend by a fair path over stones and the moraine of the Hinter Rdthi Firn to the iiyi-Vji hr.) old OrUnhorn Hut (8040') and along the left side of the Bi/ertenl URNERBODEN. I. Route 22, 71 Glacier, crossing the Sdineerwise, a gully exposed to ice-avalanches in the afternoon, and the Gelbwdndli., to the upper snows of the glacier, and to the ,{872-41/2 hrs.) summit. Magnificent view. We may descend by the Porta da Spescha (3360'), between the Piz Mellen (11,085') and Stockgron (11,215'), to the Val Rusein and (6 hrs.) Disentis (p. 372; guide 50 fr.); or by the Gliemspforte (10,925'), between the Stockgron and the Piz Urlaun, to the Gliems Glacier; then over the Puntaiglas Pass to the Puntaiglas Glacier and down the Val Puntaiglas to Truns (comp. p. 371). — The Bifertenatock or Piz Durgin (11,240'), the second peak of the Todi group, may be ascended from the Muttensee Club-Hut (p. 70) via the Kisten Pass (see below) and the Furggle in 6-7 hrs. (difficult; for expert climbers only; guide 30 fr.). Passes. From the Upper Sandalp a fatiguing route crosses the Sarid- firn and the Sandalp Pass (9120') to Disentis in G-7 hrs. (p. 372; guide 30 fr.); another, laborious but interesting, crosses (8 hrs.) the Clakiden Pass (9843') to the Maderaner-Thal (p. 124; guide 36 fr.). From Lintthal over the Kisten Pass to Ilanz, 13 hrs. (guide 30 fr.), fatiguing. Ascent by the (3 hrs.) Baumgarten-Alp to the (3 hrs.) Muttensee Club-Hut (p. 70). Thence via the Mutten-Alp, the Latfenfrn, and the Kisten- band, high above the Limmern Thai and opposite the Selbsanft and Bifer- tenstock (with the Gries and Ltmmevn glaciers), to the (IV2 br.) Kisten Pass (8200'), lying to the N. of the Kistenstdckli (9020'). Descent by the Alp Rubi in the Val Frisal to (3 hrs.) Brigels (p. 371) and thence to the left to (2V2 hrs.J Ilanz (p. 369), or to the right via Schlans to (2 hrs.) Truns (p. 371) From Stachelberg by the Bisithal to Muotathal, see p. 73. 22. From Stachelberg to Altdorf. Klauseu. Comp. Maps, pp. 68, 86. 10 hrs. Bridle-path to Unterschachen (road in progress) : from Stachel- berg to Spitelriiti 31/4, Klausen 2, Unterschachen 2V4 brs. ; road thence to (7 M.) Altdorf (diligence daily in IV2 hr. ; 3 fr. 5 c. ; one-horse carr. 10, from Altnrf to Unterschachen 15 fr.). Guide unnecessary (to Unterschachen 10, to Altdorf 15 fr.); horse to Unterschachen 28, to Altdorf 35 fr. The new Klausen Road, the use of which is not yet permitted, ascends from Ennetlint in windings along the slope of the Frutberg, passing through tunnels and galleries. The old Klausen route has here been destroyed. The route at present used crosses the Lint below the Fatschbach Fall (p. 69) and ascends the Fiitschberg on the right bank of the Fatschbach. Between the Lower and Upper Fatschbach Falls it crosses the stream. Near the (1 hr.) Curhaus Frutberg (3385'; unpretending) we reach the old bridle-path, which ascends through wood, at first rapidly, then more gradually, to the (1^/4 hr.) wall and gate forming the boundary between Glarus and Uri, at the point where the Scheidbdchli (4290') descends from the right. The Urner Boden (21/4 hrs. from Stachelberg), a broad grassy and at places marshy valley, with a few groups of chalets, about 4 M. long and 1/2 ^^- broad, now begins. It is bounded on the N. by the jagged ridge of the Jdgernstdcke a.nd.Mdrenberge, culminating in the Ortstock (8908') , and on the S. by the glaciers and snow-flelds of the Clariden (10,728'), About Y2 ^^- from the frontier of Glarus we pass the inn Zur Sonne, and then (25min.) the chalets oi Spitelruti, with a chapel on a hill (4560'). The path traverses the pasture for 72^^- niore, and then ascends a stony slope, passing (3/4 hr.) an excellent spring to the left, to the 72 1. Routt 22. UNTERSCHACHEN. (V4hr.) Klausen-Alp and the (72^^.) Klausen Pass (6437'). On the W. side we descend the gentle slopes of the beautifully situated Bodmer Alp (to the left, the Grosse Scheerhorn, 10,815'). After 1/2 hr., where the path divides, we turn to the left to the (5 min.) chalets of the Lower Balm (5600'; Inn zum Klausenpass, small) and cross the brook to a rocky cleft, forming the approach to the Balm- wand, which here descends precipitously to the Schachen-Thal. The steep but well-kept path descends in zigzags (to the right the new Klausen road) to the (7-2^^.) hamlet Im Aesch (4173'; *H6t. Stdubi, plain). To the left, the discharge of the Gries Glacier, on the N. side of the Scheerhorn, forms the magnificent *Stauber Waterfall. We now descend the wooded Schachen-Tlial, on the left bank of the turbulent Schdchenbach. On the right bank (35 min.) the Chapel of St. Anna; 10 min., we cross the stream; 74 hr., XJnterschachen (3345'; * Hotel Klausen, R., L., & A. I72-272, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 6 fr. ; Alpenrose, unpretending), finely situated near the mouth of the Brunni-Thal, at the head of which rises the Grosse Ruchen ( 1 0,295 ') with its glaciers. (Over the Ruchkehlen Pass to the Maderaner Thai, see p. 124.) About 3/^ M. to the S. of the village is a small bath-house, with a mineral spring. To the N. rises the Schdchenthaler Windgdlle (9052'), and farther to the W. the Kinzig Pass (see p. 73). A road descends the pretty valley, by Spiringen, Weiterschwanden, and Trudelingen, to (5 M.) a stone bridge over the Schachenbach, and thence to (1 M.) Bilrglen (p. Ill) and (1 M.) Altdorf(see p. 111). 23. From Schwyz to Glarus over the Pragel. Comp. Maps, pp. 86, 66. 11 hrs. Diligence from Schwyz to (6 M.) Muotathal twice daily in IV2 hr. (1 fr. 55 c.); carriage with one horse 9, with two horses 14 fr. From Muotathal over the Pragel to (41/4 hrs.) Richisau, a bridle-path, unattractive ; g\iide advisable, especially early and late in the season when the pass is covered with snow (18 fr. ; Melchior BUrgler, Jos. Gwerder, or Xav. Hediger of Muotathal). No inn between Muotathal and Richisau. The pass being uninteresting, it is preferable to visit the Muota-Thal, as far as the Suvoroff bridge, from Schwyz or Brunnen, and the Klbnthal from Glarus (see p. 68). Schwyz, see p. 109. The road ascends to the S. through or- chards and meadows (view of the Lake of Lucerne to the right), and in a wooded ravine at the foot of the Giehel (3010') reaches the Muota, which flows through a deep rocky channel. Opposite, to the right, is Ober-Schbnenbuch, upon which the French were driven back by Suvoroff in 1799. Farther up the Muota ravine (272 M.), but not visible from the road, is the Suvoroff Bridge, which was contested by the Russians and the French for two days. (At a sharp bend in the road, 272 M. from Schwyz, a road descends to the right to this bridge in 3 min.; we may then return to Schwyz through wood and pastures on the left bank, a pleasant walk of 2 hrs. in all.) Beyond (272 M.) Bied (1855' Adler) , on the left, is the pretty MUOTATHAL. /. Route 23. 73 fall of the Ostiibtbach, at first descending perpendicularly, and then gliding over the rock. At (1 M.) Fbllmis (1900') we cross the Muota and pass the Mettelbach Fall in the Kesseltobel. Then (2M.) — 8M. Muotathal(1995'; pop. 2015; *Kreuz; *Hirsch, moderate; Krone), the capital of the valley, with the Franciscan Nunnery of St. Joseph, founded in 1280, in which Suvoroff had his headquarters in 1799. Fine rock scenery and waterfalls in the vicinity. Over THE Kinzig Pass to Altdorf, 8 hrs., somewhat fatiguing (guide not indispensable). After following the Pragel route for 1/4 It., we diverge by the Muota bridge to the right, and ascend the Huri-Thal^ passing the cha- lets of Lipplisbuhl and Wdngi, to the (31/2 hrs.) Kinzig Pass {Kinzigkulm OP Kinzerkulm; 6790'), lying to the S.E. of the Fanlen (8150'). Limited view. Then a rapid descent to the Schachen-Thal (p. 72), Weiterschwanden, and Biirglen (p. 111). The Kinzig Pass is famous for the masterly retreat of Suvo- roff, who, when cut off from the Lake of Lucerne by the French in Sept., 1799, marched with his army through the Schachen-Thal to the Muota-Thal, thence over the Pragel to Glarus, and lastly over the Panixer Pass to Coire. Through the Bisithal to Stachelberg, 10 hrs., rough but attractive; guide necessary. Good path (at first a road) through the narrow Bisithal, watered by the Muota, to (2V2 hrs.) Schwarzenhach, (^i5Q' \ *Inn), with a fine fall of the Muota; steep ascent thence to the left to the (3 hi-s.) Alp Melchberg (6293'); then across the dreary Karren-Alp between the Kirchhevg and Faulen (p. 62), &n&AowVii'h.Q Braunwald- Alp to (i:^l2hTS.) Stachelberg. Another and more interesting route is the following (10-llhrs., with guide). From Schwar- zenbach through wood and meadows (path generally well discernible) to the (IV4 hr.)* Waldibach Fall, the finest waterfall of Central Switzerland; ascend thence to the left to the (2 hrs.) Olait Alp, with the pretty blue Glaiien-See (6090*), surrounded by lofty cliffs, and to the (3 hrs.) top of the Oi'txtock ov Silberstock (S20S' ; p. 62); descend via the Brdch-Alp to (3-3V2hrs.) Stachel- berg. — Or from the Waldibach Fall we may ascend to the right over the Waldi-Alp and Ruos-Alp to the (3 hrs.) Ruosalper Kulm (7125'), descend to the Kdsem-Alp, turn to the left, and reach the (IV4 hr.) Balmalp on the Klausen route (see p. 72). To SisiKON through the Riemenstalden-Thal and across the Katzen- zagel (4888'), a footpath, 7 hrs. (unattractive; comp. p. 92). From Muotathal the path leads to the (Y2 hr.) foot of the Stal- den, and then ascends a toilsome and stony slope to (1 hr.) a group of houses (fine retrospect) ; V4^^- farther on, it crosses the Starzlen- bach hy the Klosterberg Bridge, to the left, and ascends rapidly to the right to two houses ; 40 min., by a gate, we descend to the right, and cross the brook; 10 min., a cross; 5 min. , a cattle-shed in a picturesque valley; ^li\ix.,t\ie Sennebrunnen, with excellent water ; 5 min., refuge-hut; 5 min., a cross. Lastly, almost level, to the (25 min.) chalets on the marshy Pragel (5060'; no view). The path, at first steep and stony, now descends to the (S/^hr.) chalets of the Schwellaui (4367'), and then leads through wood ; V4 hr., the Neuhuttli (4193'); here we turn to the right towards a large pine, where the pretty Klonthal and its lake become visible; 72 hr. Eichisau (3590'; *Curhaus, moderate, pens. 5-7 fr.), a rich green pasture with fine groups of trees, to the N. of which tower the Wannenstock (6495') and Ochsenkopf (7155'), and to the S. the furrowed slopes of the Silbern (7570'). The Schwannhohe, an old moraine, V2 M. to the E. of the Curhaus, affords a beautiful view of the Klonsee, Schild, Glarnisch, and (to the S.) the 74 /. Route 23. KL5NTHAL. Faulen. Attractive excursions may be made to the W. to the (2V2 hrs.) Cross on the Saasberg (6225' -, pass to the Sihlthal and Einsiedeln) and to (5 min.) the Sihlseeli (5985'); to the S. to (3 hrs.) the top of the Silbern (7570'), with fossils and interesting fuirowed slopes; to the Oldrnisch (see below; to the club-hut 4 hrs., thence to the top 3 hrs.); to the top of ihQ Faulen (Orieset, 8953') via the Dreckloch-Alp in 6 hrs. (with guide), descending to (4 hrs.) Stachelhevg (p. 69); to the N., via (1 hr.) the ,Src/;we/f?«;^ to (31/2 hrs.) Ilintencdggithal (comp. p. 43); to thet'p of the Ochsvnkopf(Jibb' -. 872 hrs.; with guide); to the top of the Scheye (5 hrs. ; see p. 67) via Ldngenegg^ etc. From Richisau a road descends , across a fine open pasture, in full view of the imposing Glamisch, to (1 hr.) Vorauen (2640'; * Hotel-Pension Klbnthal, pens. 6I/2-7V2 ^r. ; Vorauen Inn, at the lower end ot the village, plain), beautifully situated in the KJonthal. The *Glfirnisch , the huge rocks of which bound the Klonthal on the S. side, one of the most picturesque mountains in Sw itzerland, culmin- ates in the Vorder- Oldrnisch (7648'), the Vrenelisgdrili or Mittler-Gldrnisch (9535'), the Ruchen-Gldrnhch (9.557'), and the BdcMstock or Hinter-GldrnUch (9583'). The ascent of the Ruchen-Glarnisch is laborious, but not difficult for mountaineers (71/2 hrs. ; guide 20 fr. ; see p. 69). We cross the Richisauer and Rossmatter Klon, to the W. of Vorauen, to the huts on (40 min.) the Klonstalden (3450'; direct path hither from Richisau in 25 min.), then enter the ndiVTOv^^ Rossmatter- Thai (red marks), pass the chalets of Kdsern (3968') and Werben (4562'), and reach the (31/2 hrs.) Club-Hut in the Sieinthdli (6613'; Inn in summer). We next ascend steep stony slopes and cross the Gldr- nischjirn, regain the rock, and reach the top in 3 hrs. from the hut. Grand view (panorama by Heim). — Ascent of the Yorder-Gldrnisch from Glarus, 51/2-6 hrs. (comp. p. 68). The *K16nthal is a picturesque dale, with meadows of freshest green, carpeted with wild- flowers until late in the autumn, and thinly peopled. To the S. rise the almost perpendicular precipices of the Giarm5c/i (see above). The pale-green ^ionf/ia?eriS'ee(2640'), i^l^yi.. from Vorauen, a lake 2 M. long and 1/3 M. broad, enhances the beauty of the valley, reflecting in calm weather the minutest furrows on the side of the Glarnisch. The rocks on the S. bank, near a waterfall, bear an inscription to the poet Salomon Gessner (d. 1788), who often spent the summer in a neighbouring chalet. The road skirts the N. bank. Boat across the lake in 50 min., 172 ft. At the (31/2 M.) Seeruti, at the lower end of the lake (fine views), is a small Inn. Below the lake the valley narrows to a gorge, through which dashes the Lontsch, the discharge of the lake, forming a series of cascades amid grand rocky scenery down to its confluence with the Lint, below Netstall. To the left rise the huge perpendicular cliffs of the Wiggis Chain (p. 67). We obtain a pretty view of the deep ravine from the iron foot-bridge, reached by a footpath opposite the Staldengarten Inn. The road divides at the (3/4 M.) Staldengarten Inn. The left branch leads to (2 M.) Netstall (p. 67 ), the right crosses the Lontsch to (1 M.) Riedern and (IV4 ^^-3 Crlarus (p. 67). In descending we enjoy a fine view of the Fronalpstock, the Schild, and the Freiberge (between the Lint and Sernf valleys). 75 24. From Glarus to Coire through the Sernf-Thal. Comp, Map, p. 66. 16-18 hrs. Railway from Glarus to Schwanden, 17 min. ; Diligence (2 fr. 55 c.) from Schwanden to (G'/a M.) Elm twice daily in 23/4 brs. (descent, 13/4 hr.). — From Elm to Flims over the Segnes Pass, 8-9 hrs., guide 20 fr. (p. 68) i to Ilanz over the Panixer Pass, 9 hrs., guide 18 fr. — From Flims to Coire Diligence twice daily in 2V4 trs. '-, from Flims to Reichenau a plea- sant walk; thence to Coire driving is preferable (diligence 4 times daily). At Schwanden (p. 68), 3 M. to the S, of Glarus, the deep Sernf- Thal, or Klein-Thai, diverges to the left from the Lintthal. The high-road gradually ascends the N. slope. Beyond (I1/2 M.) Wart is a pretty waterfall on the left; fine retrospective view of the Glarnisch, 3 M. Engi (26A0'; pop. 11G4; *Sonne), with cotton- mills, at the mouth of the narrow Muhlebach-Thal. (Passage of the Wider stein- Furkel to the Murgthal, see p. 47.) The slate- quarries (Plattenberge) on the left bank of the Sernf are noted for their fossil fish. From (2 M.) Matt (2710') a path to theN.K. leads in 6 hrs. through the Krauchthal and over the Rieseten Pass (6644') to Weisstannen (p. 47). 3 M. (91/2 M. from Schwanden) Elm (3215' ; J. Elmer ; Zentner'), the highest village in the valley, in a fine basin encircled by snow- mountains, was partly destroyed on 11th Sept., 1881, by a landslip from the Tschingelberg (S.E.), through which 114 persons lost their lives (memorial tablet at the church). Ascents (for experts only, guides, Eeinrich and Peter Elmer, see p. 69). Kdrpf, or Kdrpfstock (9180'), by the Wichlen-Alp, 6 hrs. (laborious, but, with good guides, free from danger). — Vorah (9925'), by the Sether Furka (see below), 7-8 hrs. — JIausstock (10,340'), by the Richetli Pass and the Ruch Wichlenberg^ or by the Panixer Pass (see below) in 7-7 V2 hrs., laborious. — Piz Segnes (10,180'), from the Segnes Pass (see below) in 11/2-2 hrs., or from the Segnesliicke (see below) by the S. arete in 1 hr. {^^l^-l^l^ hrs. from Elm), not difficult for experts. Passes. To Flims ovek the Segnes Pass (pron. 'Senyes'), 8hrs., fatigu- ing, but interesting (guide, 18 fr., necessary). We cross the Sernf, amidst the remains of the landslip, and the Raminbach, and ascend the wild gorge of the Tschingelnbach, which forms several picturesque falls, to the Tschin- geln-Alp. We then mount steep grassy and stony slopes to the (5 hrs.) Segnes Pass (8615') , lying to the S.W. of the Piz Segnes (10,230'). To the right rise the jagged Tschingelhorner or Mannen (9351'), perforated by the Martinsloch (8648'), a hole through which the sun shines on the church of Elm twice a year. We descend over the short but steep Segnes Glacier (easy except in the absence of snow, when rope and ice-axe are useful), then by a steep path, which afterwards improves, to the Flimser Alpen, and thence past a pretty waterfall (to the left the huge Flimser Stein, p. 868) to (3 hrs.) Flims (p. 363). To Ilanz over the Panixer Pass, 9 hrs. (guide 18 fr.), fatiguing and unattractive, but historically famous for Suvoroff's retreat of 5th-10th Oct., 1799 (comp. p. 73). A road ascends on the left bank of the Sernf from Elm by Jlinier-Steinibach to the (40 min.) Erbser-Briicke ; 25 min. farther up, at Wallenbrugg, we cross the Sernf and ascend by a steep, rugged path to the chalets of the Jdizalp (Im Loch, 4822'; Ober- Staff el , 5587'). We next cross the Walenboden, pass the Rinkenkopf, traverse a patch of snow (with a small tarn on the left), and reach the (SVz hrs.) Panixer Pass {Cuolm da Pignieu; 7897'), with its refuge-hut. On the right rises the Hausstock (ascent from the pass in 3V2-4hrs., see above), with the Meer 76 Route 24. FOO PASS. Olaeier. Descent over the Meer-Alp and the wild Ranasca-Alp to (2V2 hrs.) Panix (4334'; Panixer Pass Inn), and via Ruis to (2 hrs.) Ham (p. 369). — Another route, fatiguing and uninteresting, crosses the Bether Furka (8565'). It diverges from the Paaix route to the left, by the tarn above mentioned, and ascends steeply to the pass, between the Rothhorn and the VoraU> (ascent of the latter from the pass in 2 hrs., see p. 75). Descent by the Ruscheiner Alp and the Sether Tobel to (9 hrs.) Ilanz (p. 361). To Weisstannen BY THE Foo Pass, 7 hrs., rather rough (guide 15 fr.). We ascend the right bank of the Eaminbach, chiefly through wood, to the Ramin-Alp, and past the chalets of Matt (6179'), to the (4 hrs.) Foo Pass or Ramin Pass (7290'); then descend by the Foo-Alp and the Unter-Siez- Alp (4377') to the Seez Valley and (3 hrs.) Weisstannen (p. 47; 3 hrs. from Mels). To Vattis ovee the Sardona Pass, 10-11 hrs., difficult, and rarely traversed (guide 30 fr.). From the Segues Pass (see above) we cross the glacier to the E,, climb up the steep rocky S. arete of the Piz Segues to the Segneslilcke (9351m), just to the S. of the Piz Segnes, descend by a very steep snow slope to the Segnes Glacier, and cross it to the Sardona Pass (about 9680'), between the Piz Segnes and the Trinserhorn {Piz Bolf, 93350- We then cross the Sardona Glacier to a rocky ridge between two arms of this glacier, whence a rugged descent leads to the left to the Sardona-Alp (5735'), in the Kalfeisen-Thal, 3 hrs. above Vattis (p. 66). — Another difficult and laborious pass from Elm to Vattis (9-10 hrs.) is the Sauren Pass or Scheibe Pass (9680'), to the S. of the Saurenstock (10,020'; easily ascended from the pass in 20 min.). — Over the Muttenthaler Grat, 10-11 hrs. to Vattis, less difficult, but rough and fatiguing (guide 25 fr.). From the (4 hrs.) Foo Pass (see above) we first descend to the Obere Foo-Alp, then ascend to the right through the Muttenthal to the basin of the Haihiitzli, with a small tarn (7693'), and thence to the (3 hrs.) Mutten- thaler Grat (8104'). Rough descent over the Malanser Alp to (2 hrs.) St. Martin (4433') in the Kalfeisen-TTial and (2 hrs.) Vattis (p. 66). To Lintthal, by the Richetli Pass (7425'), 8 hrs., not difficult ; 'View of the Hausstock, Vorab, and Gliirnisch. Descent by the Durnach-Thal. II. LAKE OF LUCEENE AND ENVIRONS. THE ST. GOTTHAO. 25. From Zurich to Zug and Lucerne 78 i. Railway Journey 78 Hausen, 79. — Excursions from Zug: Felsenegg and Schonfels. Stalactite Caverns in the Holle, 79. — Schon- brunn. Menzingen. Ageri-Thal, 80. ii. From Zurich to Zug via Horgen 81 26. Lucerne 81 From Lucerne to Kriens and Herrgottswald, 86. 27. Lake of Lucerne 86 Weissenfluh. Fi-om Beckenried to Seelisberg. Nieder- bauen (Seelisberger Kulm), 88. — Buocliser Horn. Hoch- fluh. Curhaus Seelisberg, 89. — Schwendiflub. Giitsch,90. Morscliach. Axenfels. Axenstein. Stoos. Fronalpstock, 91. — Riemenstalden-Thal. Eophaien. Rossstock. Kaiaer- stock, 92. — Isentbal. Schonegg Pass. Rotbgratli. Uri- Rotbstock, 93. 28. TheRigi 94 29. From Lucerne to Alpnach-Stad. Pilatus 100 Biirgenstock. From Stansstad to Sarnen, 101. 30. From Zug and Lucerne to Arth 103 i. From Zug to Arth. Lake of Zug 103 ii. From Lucerne to Kiissnacht and Arth 104 31. From Zurich via Wadensweil to Arth-Goldau. From Biberbriicke to Einsiedeln 105 Feusisberg. Hiitten, 105. — Gottschalkenberg. From Pfjif- fikon to Einsiedeln; the Etzel, 106. — From Einsiedeln to Schwyz over the Hacken or the Iberger Egg, 107. — The Schlagstrasse. Rossberg, 108. 32. From Lucerne to Bellinzona. St, Gotthard Railway . 108 Goldau Landslip, 109. — The Myten, 110. — Biirglen-, Schachen-Thal ; Rossstock; Belmistock, 111. — Erst- felder-Thal. Bristenstock ; HoheFaulen. The St. Gotthard Road from Amsteg to Goschenen, 112. — Pizzo Rotondo ; Passo dei Sassi; Val Piora; Taneda, etc., 114, 115. 33. From Goschenen to Airolo over the St. Gotthard . . 117 The Goschenen Valley. Passes to Realp, the Trift Glacier, and the Steinalp. The Fleckistock, 118. — The Stock. TheBadus orSix-Madun. Gurschenstock and Gamsstock. Lucendro Lake, 120. — The Pizzo Centrale; Prosa ; Fibbia; Piz Lucendro; Pizzo Rotondo ; Sorescia. From the St. Gotthard over the Orsino Pass to Eealp, and over the Lecki Pass to the Furka, 121. 34. The Maderaner-Thal 122 Hiili Glacier. Diissistock; Oberalpstock, etc., 123. — Clariden Pass ; Hiifi Pass ; Kammliliicke ; Ruchkehlen Pass ; Seheerhorn-Griggeli Pass ; Brunni Pass, 124. 35. From Goschenen to the Rhone Glacier. The Furka . 124 From Realp over the Cavanna Pass to the Val Bedretto. Tiefen Glacier; Tiefen-Sattel; Winterliicke, 125. — Furkahorn; Blauberg ; Muttenhorn ; Galenstock. From the Furka over the Nageli's Gratli to the Grimsel Hos- pice, 126. - - 78 //. Route 25. URDORF. From Zurich 36. From Lucerne to Altdorf via Stans and Engelberg. The Surgnen Pass 127 Stanser Horn, 127. — Nieder-Rickenbach, 128. — Excur- sions from Engelberg: Scbwand; Tatschbach Fall; Arnitobel; Fiirrenalp; Iligithalstock; Engelberger Roth- stock ; Uri-Rothstock ; Spannort; Titlis, 129, 130. — From Engelberg to Erstfeld over the Schlossberg-Liicke or the Spannort-Joch; to Wasen over the Grassen Pass; to the Steinalp over the Wenden-Joch, 130. 37. From Lucerne over the Briinig to Meiringen and Brienz (Interlaken) 131 The Melchthal ; over the Storegg or the Juchli to Engel- berg; Nunalphorn; Hutstock. Excursions from Melchsee- Frutt, 132. — The Schwendi-Kaltbad. Fliihli. Gisvviler Stock, 133. — Footpath from the Briinig to Meiringen, 134. 38. From Meiringen to Engelberg. Engstlen-Alp. Joch Pass 134 From the Engstlen-Alp to Melchsee-Frntt. Schafberg, Graustock, etc. Ascent of the Titlis from the Engstlen- Alp, 135. — From the Engstlen-Alp over the Satteli to the Gadmen-Thal, 136. 39. From Meiringen to Wasen. Snsten Pass 136 Triftthal. Excursions from the Trift Hut (Dammastock, etc.) ; over the Trift-Limmi to the Rhone Glacier ; Furt- vyang-Sattel and Stein-Limmi, 137. — From the Stein Inn over the Susten-Limmi or the Thierberg-Limmi to the Goschener-Alp. Brunnenstock, 137. 40. From Lucerne to Bern. Entlebuch. Emmen-Thal . 138 Schwarzenberg; Farnbiihl-Bad, 138. — Schimberg Bad. From Schiipfheim to Fliihli and Sorenberg. From Fliihli via the Seewenegg to Sarnen. The 5?apf, 139. — Ruttihubelbad, 140. 41. From Lucerne to Lenzburg (^Aarau). The Seethal Railway 140 Excursions from Hochdorf: Hohenrain ; Horben; Ober- reinach, etc., 141. — From Hitzkirch to Wohlen by Fahrwangen, 141. — From Beinw^l to Reinach and Menzikon; Homberg, 141. — From Boniswyl to Fahr- wangen; Brestenberg. 141. 25. From Zurich to Zag and Lucerne. Comp. Maps, pp. 4:0, 8G. 1. Railway Journey. 41V-J M. Railwat to Zug in I1/2 hr. (4fr. 5, 2 fr. 85, 2 fr. 5 c); to Lucerne in 21/3 hrs. (7 fr., 4fr. 90, 3 fr. 50 c. Zurich, see p. 33. On leaving the station the train crosses the Sihl, and at (21/2 M.) Altstetten diverges from the Bale line (p. 21). To the left rises the Ions Vetliberg (p. 39), which the line skirts in a wide curve. To the right the pretty valley of the Limmat. 51/2 M. JJrdorf; 8 M. Birmensdorf. We now ascend the pleasant Reppisch- Thal and pass through a tunnel under the Ettenbery to (12 M.) Bonstetten-Wettschwyl (1805'). To the right the Bernese Alps and Pilatus, and to the left, farther on, the Uri-Rothstock and the Titlis to Lucerne. ZUG. 21. Route 25. 79 become visible. 14M. Hedinyen (1712'); 151/2 M. A/foZtern (Lowe, pens. 41/2-6 fr.), with an institute for the 'Kneipp Cure'. To the left rises the Aeugster Berg (2723'), at the foot of which lie Aeugst and the Baths of Wengi. — 18 M. Metimenstetten (1550'). Diligence thrice daily in 55 niin. to Hausen (1980'i "Lowe), at the W. base of the Albis (p. 40); near it is the excellent Albisbrunn Hydropathic (Dr. Paravicini). Near Kappel, V/-z M. to the S., Zwingli was slain on ilth Oct., 1531, in a battle against the Roman Catholic cantons (comp. p. 38). 20 M. Knonau ( Ad\eT^. Near Zug we cross the Lorze, which descends from the Ayerl-See (p. 80). 24V2M. Zug. — Hotels: *Hirsch, R., L., & A. 2-3, B. li/i, lunch 2-3, D. 2V4-3,'pens. 6-7 fr. ^ *OcHS ; *Lowe, on the lake, R., L., & A. 2V2-3V2, B. 11/4, lunch 2V2-3, I>. 3, pens. 51/2-71/2 fr., good beer in the restaurant; *HoTEL Rahnhof, with garden-restaurant, R., L., the pleasant mountain village of Ober-Ageri (*Lowe, pens. 41/2 fr.. ; Hirsch; Ochs). In a picturesque situation on the lake, between Unter-Ageri and Ober-Ageri, is Dr. Hiirli- manns private Hospital for children; and on the hill, farther back, is a Sanitarium for scrofulous children, erected by the Ziirich Benevolent Society. — Excursions from Unter-Ageri through the Hilrithal and via the Rotsbeyg-Alps to the (2'/2 hrs.) summit of the Wildspitz (Rossberg , see p. 108); from Ober-Ageri to the (IV2 hr.) Gottschalkenberg (p. 106), etc. On the pretty Agerisee (2380'; 31/2 M. in length) a steamboat plies 4 times daily from ITnter-Ageri in 3/4 hr., past the stations of Ober-Ageri, Ldndli, and Eierhals, to Morgarten, at the E. extremity; omnibus thence to the rail, station of Sattel-Ageri (p. 107 ; 50 c). Stat. Eierhals (Pension) com- mands a picturesque "View, comprising the Uri-Rothstock, Kronte , etc. Between Eierhals and Morgarten are the houses of Haselmait^ where on 16th Nov., 1315, the Confederates in the Battle of Morgarten won their first victory over their Hapsburg oppressors commanded by Duke Leopold of Austria. A memorial chapel, containing a representation of the battle, was erected at St. Jakob, 1 M. from the S.E. end of the lake and 3/4 M. from Sattel, where a commemoration service is held annually on the day of the battle. The train backs out of the station and skirts the fiat N. bank of the Lake of Zug (p. 103), crosses the Lorze near its influx into the lake, and recrosses it at its efflux near (271/2 M.) Cham (*Rabe), a vil- lage with a slender zinc-covered church-tower and a large manufactory of condensed milk. Pretty view of the lake to the left; on the hill above Zug are the summer-resorts just mentioned; in the middle rises the Rigi; and to the right are the Stanser Horn, the Engelberg Alps, and Pilatus. Beyond (31 M.) Eothkreuz (1410'; Rail. Re- staurant), the junction of the St. Gotthard(p. 109) and the Muri and Aarau (p. 22) lines, we enter the valley of the Reuss. 33 M. Oisi- korh. 'Through an opening to the left we survey the Rigi, from the Kulm to the Rothstock. 37 M. Ebikon. To the right rises the wooded Hundsrucken. The train skirts the i?ot/isee, 1^/2 M. long, and crosses the Reuss by a bridge 178 yds. long. The line now unites with the to Lucerne. BAAR. //. Route 25. 81 Swiss Central (p. 21) and the Lucerne and Bern lines (p. 138), and finally passes through a tunnel under the Oiitsch (p. 85). 411/2 M, Lucerne, see below. ii. From Ziirich. to Zug vi& Horgen. Railway from Zurich to (11 M.) Horgen in 1/2 lir. (steamer in 11/4 hr., see p. 39). Post Omnibus daily (8.45 a. m.) from Horgen to (12'/2 M.) Zug in 2 hrs. 35 min. (2 fr. 80 c); one-horse carr. in 2 hrs., 12 fr. To Horgen (1394'), see p. 42. The road ascends in windings, passing the Curhaus Bocken, to (3 M.) Haurilthi, where, by the finger-post, it joins the road from Wadensweil. Several fine views of the lake, the Sentis, Speer, Curflrsten, and the Glarus Mts. At (11/2 M.) Hirzel (2245'), on the saddle of the hill, is the Inn Zum Morgenthal. We then descend gradually into the valley of the Sihl, which here separates the cantons of Ziirich and Zug , to the (2 M.) covered Sihl-Briicke (1745'; *Krone, good wine). Pedestrians should take the road from Horgen over the Hoegek Egg to the Sihl-Briicke (41/2 M.), which shortens the route by 2 M., and affords far finer views. Near (2 M.) Wydenhach rises the 'Zimmerberg (2536'), 1/4 hr. to the right, with a beautiful view of the Lake of Ziirich, the sombre valley of the Sihl, the Lake of Zug, the Alps, and particularly the Myten, the Rigi, and Pilatus. About 3/4 M. beyond Wydenbach the road reaches the Eirzelhohe (2415'; Inn), its highest point, with another fine prospect. We join the high-road near the Sihl-Briicke. The Zug road leads through an undulating tract, passing on the left the wooded hill of the Baarburg (2180'). Beyond the wood (2 M.) we obtain a view of Baar, the Lake of Zug, the Rigi, and Pilatus. To the left, ^/^M. farther on, on the Lorze, which we cross, is a large cotton-factory. Near (IV4 M.) Baar (1465'; Lindenhof^ moderate; Krone; Schwert; Rossli), a straggling village with 4065 inhab., is the hamlet of Blickenstorf, with the house in which Hans Waldmann, burgomaster of Ziirich and conqueror of Charles the Bold at Morat, was born. — In the prettily woodedvalley of the Lorze, 2M. to the E., are the curious Stalactite Caverns in the Holle (p. 79). From Baar we continue straight on to (21/2 M.) Zug, see p. 79. 26. Lucerne. Railway Station (PI. D, E, 4) on the left bank of the lake (new building in progress) •, Brunig Station (PI. E, 4) V* ^- farther to the E. (Restaurants at both). — The Steamboats to Fliielen and Alpnach generally touch on the left bank after leaving the Schweizerhof Q,uay ; those from Fliielen touch first here, and then at the quay. — In the busy season travellers arriving by steamer or railway with luggage cannot be sure of getting on by the corresponding train or boat unless they and their luggage are booked through to some station beyond Lucerne. If luggage is booked to Lucerne only, it is often impossible to reclaim it and get it rebooked in time. Hotels. *ScHWEizERHOF (PI. a; D, E, 2), a spacious hotel with two 'de'- pendances", and *Lczerner Hof (PI. b: E, 2), both on the Schweizerhof Quay, R., L., & A. from 5, B. IV2, dej. 31/2, D. 5, pension 10-12 fr. ; 'Grand Hotel National (PL c; E, F, 2), on the Quai National, R., L., & A. from 51/2, B. 11/2, dej. 4, D. 5, pens, from 10 fr. ; *H6tel Beaurivage (PI. d; F, 2), in the Halden-Strasse, R., L., & A. 3V2-6, B. IV2, dej. 3, D. 4'/2, pens. Baedeker, Switzerland. 16th Edition. 6 82 77. Tioute ?. 4 fr. (no gratuities); "Hotel Victoria (Pi. u; C, 4), R., L., & A. from 3, B. IV2, D. 3i '2, pens, from 8 fr. ; 'Wage (Ba- lances; PI. k, C 3), near the third bridge over the Reuss, R., L., & A. 3-41/2, B. l'/2, D. 31/2, pens, from 71/2 fr. — Less expensive: *Rossli (P1. n; C. 3), R. «fe A, 2V2, B. 11/4, D. 3 fr.: *Exgel (PI. 1; B, 3), R., L., & A. from 2, D. 3 fr. ; *Adlek (PI. m; C, 3), R. 2-3, B. V/i fr. ; *H6tel de la Poste (PI. o; C, 4), R. from 2, D. 3 fr. ; Hotel des Alpes (PL p; D, 2) , R., L., «/, '-fc. Vw^/r/ •rt-ograph. AiiBtalt vo: Kil..m.-t<-i 1 . 100 000 Waen^r .t Rpbrii. I.rtprif ^] a^isi Kn^.Vilois ( Lucerne. WEGGTS. II. Route 27. 87 the left rises the Rigi, to the right Pilatus, and facing us the Biirgenstock, the Bnochser Horn, and Stanser Horn 5 to the left of Pilatus, above the hills of Sachseln, the Wetterhoriier (Rosenhorn, Mittelhorn, Wetteihorn), Schreckhom, Monch, Eiger, and Jungfrau gradually become visible. The small promontory to the left, with a pinnacled villa, is the Meggenhorn. In front of it lies Altstad ('old shore'), an islet planted with poplars, on which fragments of an old custom-house are still to be seen. Beyond the Meggenhorn the lake of Kiissnacht opens to the left, and the bay of Stansstad to the right, and we have now reach- ed the central part ('■Kreuztrichter') of the cross formed by the lake. In the distance to the left, Kiissnacht (p. 104) is visible ; in the fore- ground, Neu-Habshurg (p. 104). To the right the forest-clad Biirgen- stockj with its hotel and railway, rises abruptly from the water (see p. 101). From this part of the lake the Pilatus (p. 102) is very strik- ing. Its barren, rugged peaks, seldom free from cloud or mist, form a marked contrast to the Rigi on the opposite bank, the lower slopes of which are covered with gardens, fruit-trees, and houses, and the upper with woods and green pastures. Beyond the promontory of Tanzenberg, in a small bay to the left, is the * Hotel ScMoss Hertenstein (pens. 7-10 fr. ; reached either on foot through the park in 10 min., or by boat in 5 min.). Straight on, in the distance, appears the double-peaked Scheerhorn (p. 123). Stat. Hertenstein (Pens. Hertenstein, dependance of the above); then — Weggis. — •■'Hot.-Pens. i)D Lac, R.2V2, D. 3, S. 2, pens. 6-8 fr. ; -Lion i/Or, R. IV2-2, B. 1, I). 21/2, pens. 5-6 fr.; *H6t.-Pens. Schonad, from 5fr.; *H6t.-Pens. de la Poste, at the pier, D. 2'/2, pens. 5 fr. ; *H6t.-P£ns. Para- dies, 6-8 fr. ; ♦Pen.s. Belvedere, with pleasant grounds, lake-baths, etc., pens. 8-10 fr.; Pens. Zimmermann-Schurch, with garden; *H6t. -Pens. Bellevue, 3/4 M. to the W., with extensive grounds, baths, etc., R., L., & A. 3-7, B. 11/4, D. 4V2, pens. 7-11, omnibus at the pier; Pens. Baumen, 1/4 M. farther up (4 fr.). On the lake are several furnished villas which are let to families. Weggis, a thriving village in a very sheltered situation, is fre- quented as a health-resort. — Bridle-path to the Rigi, see p. 96. Immediately to tlie N. of the pier of Weggis rises the Rigihlick, a hill affording a fine survey of the lake (permission from proprietor necessary). — From Weggis to Oreppen (p. 104) a nearly level road leads in y* hr. The pleasant path across the hill, between the Rigi and the Rigiblick, is preferable (1 hr.). It starts from the back of the school-house, a little to the E. of the church (ascend in 1/4 hr. to a farm; for 4 min. level; by a second farm ascend again ; by the third farm descend to the left). — Beautiful walk to the E., by the road skirting the lake, to the "Hdt.-Pens. Liltzelau (pens. 5-6 fr.) and (3 M.) Vitznau. A new road leads on from Vitznau by the Ohere Nase (fine view of the lake) to (IV4 br.) Oersau and past the Kindlimord Chapel (p. 89) to (IV2 hr.) Brunnen. Nearing Vitznau, we observe on the hillside to the left the railway- bridge across the Schnurtobel (p. 95); high above it the Hotel Rigi- First (p. 99) and, farther to the right, the Hotel Unterstetten (p. 99). Vitznau. — *H6t. ^^ere the delegates from the Four Forest Cantons used to assemble. In front of the church rises a fine old walnut-tree. In the neighbourhood are several cement-factories and the picturesque Riseten Waterfall. One-horse carriage to Engelberg (p. 128) 18 fr., two-horse 30 fr. (from Buochs 17 or 28 fr.); to Stans 6 or 12, Stansstad 8 or 15, Alpnach 11 or 18, Grafenort 12 or 20, Seelisberg 13 or 25, Schonegg 6 or 12 fr., and fee. Feom Beckenried to Seelisberg (23/* hrs.). The road leads by the (1 hr.) charmingly situated ''Hotel tt Curhaus Schdneck (water and whev-cure, board 6 fr. ; S. B. G. H.) to (V4 hr.) the village of Emmetten (2590'; Fast, well spoken of; "Engel^ pens, from 4V2 fr.) ; then through a somewhat mono- tonous dale between the Slutzherg and Mederbauen, past the picturesque little Seelisberger-See, to the (IV2 hr.) Curhaus Seelisberg (p. 89). The *Niederbauen or Seelisburger Kulm (6315'), a very attractive ascent, is best made from Emmetten (3 hrs. ; guide not indispensable). The path (fine views) starts at the E. end of the village and for a short way follows the right bank of the brook. Beyond a group of three houses it ascends through wood, then in numerous windings through young pine- trees, and farther on over mountain-pastures, leaving the chalet to the right. In IV2 hr. we reach the middle of the rocky ridge on the W. side of the mountain, which is visible from the village. Here we proceed in a straight direction towards the E. and ascend broad grassy slopes to (l'/2 hr.) the spacious summit. — Another route (somewhat easier but Lucerne. GERSAU. II. Route 27. 89 72 hr. longer) diverges from the road to the S., near the H6t.-Pena. Engel, and ascends the narrow Kohlthal. At (1 hr.) a group of huts we cross a bridge to the left and ascend a steep path to (1 hr.) the W. arete, where it joins CVz hr.) the route first described. — The routes from Beroldingen (p. 90) and the JSeelisberger Seeli (p. 88; each 31/2-4 hre.) are rough and should not be attempted by novices. — The summit commands an imposing and highly picturesque view of the Lake of Lucerne, in its whole length from Lucerne to Fliielen, of the Uri-Rothstock, Bristenstock, Tcidi, Scheer- horn, and Windgallen, and of the Reuss valley as far as Amsteg. The distant view is more limited than that from the Rigi, as we are much nearer the lofty mountains. The Buochser Horn (6260') may be ascended in 31/2 hrs. from Becken- ried or Buochs (guide desirable; fine view). Descent to (l'/4 hr.) Nieder- Rickenhach (p. 128) and via Buren to (2 hrs.) Stam (p. 127). On the opposite bank, on a fertile strip of land between the Vitznauer Stock and the Hochfluh, lies the pretty village of — Gersau. — Hotels. *H6t.-Pens. Mijllek, R., L., & A. 3-5, D. 31/2, pens. 7-10 fr. (depot of the S.B.G.H.); Seehof, on the lake, 1/4 M. to the E. ; -HoF Gersau, R., L., & A. IV2-2, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 5-6 fr. ; 'IIotel.-Pens. Bead-Sejodr, R., L., & A. 2, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 41/2-572 fr. ; Bellevue; HiRScn; Sonne; Zur Ilge, plain. Furnished Rooms at Miillers zur Sage and at Waad's. — English Church Service. Gersau, in a sheltered situation in the midst of orchards, with its broad-eaved cottages scattered over the hillside, is a pleasant re- sort of invalids and others! In the ravine behind it is a silk-factory, and on the mountain above is the Rigi-Scheidegg Hotel (p. 100). The ascent of the Rigi-Hochfluh (5564') from Gersau, via the Zihli- stock- Alp in 3-31/2 hrs., is attractive. The last part of the route has been improved (see p. 100). From the Hochfluh to the Scheidegg, I1/2-2 hrs. — The Vitznauer Stock (4715') may be ascended in 2V2 hrs. from Gersau or Vitznau via Oher-Urmi ; the last 1/2 hr.'s climb is toilsome (comp. p. 88). — From Gersau to (4 72 M.) Brunnen (p. 90) a pleasant walk by the road skirt- ing the lake (Axenstrasse). "? The chapel on the bank to the E. of Gersau is called Kindlimord ('infanticide'). To the E. rise the bare peaks of the Myten, at the base of which, 3 M. inland, lies Schwyz (p. 109); nearer is the church of Ingenbohl, and to the right the broad Fronalpstock. The steamer now crosses to Treib (^Inn, rustic), in Canton Uri, at the foot of the precipitous Sonnenberg, the landing-place (telephone) for the village of Seelisberg (2628'; *H6t.-Pens. Bellevue, 5 fr. ; Pens. Aschwanden, behind the church, 5 fr., unpretending; Pens. Lowen) on the hill above, to which a road leads in IY2 ^r. through the orchards of Folligen (omnibus four times daily in 1 hr., up 2, down 172 fr. ; one-horse carr. 5, two-horse 10, to the Curhaus 6 or 12 fr., with fee of 2 fr.). The more direct footpath ascends to the left behind the inn (1 hr. ; stony but shady part of the way). By the Chapel of Maria-Sonnenberg (2770'), 12 min. from the church of Seelisberg, is the Pension Orutli{6-7 h.'), and 100 paces farther on is the little Hotel Mythenstein, beyond which is the *Curhaus Sonnenberg-Seelisberg (three houses, with 350 beds ; R. from 2, board 7, A. 1/2 fr-; Engl. Ch. Serv. in summer), a sheltered spot with pure mountain air, and a favourite health-resort. The terrace in front of the Curhaus commands a beautiful *View of the lake of 90 II. Route 27. BRUNNEN. Lake of Uri lying far belo'w and of the surrounding mountains from the My ten to the Uri-Roth stock. An attractive walk may be taken to (25 min.) the *Schwendifluh (2723'), by a route diverging to the left from the Beroldingen road (guide-post) about 1 M. to the .S. of the Curhaus. The view from the top of the perpendicular rocks, the Teufelsmiinstei- of Schiller ('Wilhelm Teir, Act IV., Sc. 1), is highly picturesque. — Beautiful view from the Kdmeli (3303'-, in the wood to the right at the S. end of the Curhaus, V2 hr.), over the laka and the plain as far as the Weissenstein. — About 20 min. to the S.W. of the Curhaus lies the picturesque little Seelisherger See, or '■Seeir ('little lake', 2470'; with bath-house, 50 c.) on the precipitous N. side of the Niederhauen or Seelishurger Eulm (ascent, see p. 88). Those who desire to walk from Seelisberg to Bauen., on the Lake of Uri, and thence to cross the lake to TelTs Platte or Fliielen, go straight on from Sonnenberg (finger-post ; the path to the Schwendifluh leads to the left) to (3/4 hr.) the little chateau of Beroldingen (beautiful view) and thence by a safe, though steep and rather uncomfortable path to (1/2 hr.) Bauen (Tell, plain). Boat from Bauen to Tellsplatte 2, Riitli 3, Fliielen 4 fr. (higher charges at the 'Tell'). — Path to the (V2 hr.) Rutli, see p. 92. Opposite Treib, on the E. bank, lies the large village of — Briumen. — *Waldstattke Hof, on the lake, with baths, R., L., Si A. from 2, dej. 3, D. 4, S. 21,2, pens. 8-11, in spring 7-9 fr. (concerts in the large entrance-hall); * Hot. -Pens. Aufdermauee au Parc, 1/4 M. from the lake, R., L., & A. from 2, B. 11/2, d^j. 21/2, D.4, pens, from 7 fr. ; -Hot. -Pens. Adlee, R., L., & A. from 2, B. IV4, D. 31/2. S. 21/2 fr. ; -Hot.-Pexs. Hirsch, at the quay, E. 2-3, pens. 7-10 fr., both by the pier; *Hot.-Pens. Bellevce (R., L., & A. from 2, D. 3, pens. 5-7 fr!) and Pens. Mtthenstein (6 fr.), same prices, both on the Axenstrasse, close to the lake; 'Hot. -Pens. Schweizerhof, with restaurant, R., L., & A. from 2, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 5-6 fr.; RossL, R., L., & A. from I1/2, B. 1, D. 3, pens. 5-6 fr. ; Brdnnee- HOF, all three near the quay; * Hot. -Pens. Rigi, on the Gersau road, R. L., & A. 2, D. 3, pens. 5 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Gutsch, with fine view, E., L., & A. 2, 1). 21/2, pens. 5-6 fr. ; *Pens. du Lac, V4 M. to the W. of the village, with lake-baths, R. 1^/4, board 5-5i/2 fr. ; Hotel-Pension St. Gotthakd, near the rail, station, pens. 5-7 fr. ; Hot. Bahnhof, Euw, ~Freihof, *Sonne, *RuTLi, and others, plain (pens. 5-6 fr.). Furnished roms at Villa Schoeck, above the Giitsch, etc. — 'Znr Brossel Beer-Garden, on the quay; beer also at KleWs. — Cunfectioner, Jos. Nigg., Bahnhof-Str. Preserves, chocolate, etc., at Fastbinds, near the Adler (telephone to Lucerne). Rowing Boats : to Treib and back with one boatman 1 fr.. with two 2 fr.; Rutli (and back) 21/2 or 4, Tellsplatte 3 or 6, Rvitli and Tellsplatte 5 or 8 fr. Baths (warm and lake-baths) at the Waldstatter Hof (lake-bath and towel, 50 c). — Wood-carvings, photograph» Kaltbad. RIGI. I J. Route 28. 95 modest inn was erected on the Kulm by public subscription, and in 1848 this was superseded by the oldest of the three houses on the summit. Since then the number of inns has been steadily increas- ing, and the Rigi is now one of the most popular of Swiss resorts. From Vitznau to the Rigi-Kulm, 41/2 M., Mountain Railway in 1 hr. 20 min. , fare 7 fr. (to Kaltbad 41/2, Staflfel 6 fr.); descent also in 1 hr. 20 min., fare S'/i fr. ; 10 lbs. of luggage free. First-class return- tickets from Lucerne to the Rigi via Vitznau 1372 fr. ; Sunday tickets 7 fr. Return-tickets do not permit of an alternative return-route; e.ff. holders of tickets from Vitznau may not return to Arth, or vice versa. Vitznau (1443'), see p. 87. The station is close to the quay. The train (views to the left) ascends gradually through the village (1 : 15), and afterwards more rapidly (1:4), skirting the precipitous slopes of the Dossen. A *View of the lake is soon disclosed, becom- ing grander as we ascend. Opposite us first appears the dark Biir- genstock, then the StanserHorn, Pilatus, and Lucerne. Farther up, the Alps of Uri, Engelberg, and Bern come in sight above the lower mountains. The train (20 min. after starting) penetrates a tunnel 82 yds. long, crosses the Schnurtobel, a ravine 75' deep in which the Gruhisbach flows, by a bridge borne by five iron pillars, and soon reaches the watering and passing station of Freibergen (3333'), beyond which the line is double. Stat. Romiti-Felsenthor (3890'; comp. p. 96) and (54 min. from Yitznau) — 23/4 M. Rigi-Kaltbad (4700') ; to the left is the large Curhaus (p. 94), with its covered promenade, a health-resort on a plateau sheltered from the N. and E. winds. A path leads through a narrow opening in the rock, to the left of the hotel, to (6 min.) St. Michael's Chapel, the walls of which are hung with numerous votive tablets. One of these on the left side records that two pious sisters sought refuge here from the persecutions of a governor of the district in the time of King Albert, and built the chapel. The spring (42° Fahr.) which bubbles forth from the rock adjoining the chapel was formerly called the 'Schwesternborn'. A level path among the blocks of conglomerate near the chapel, and after- wards traversing park-like grounds, leads to the (V4 hr.) *Kanzeli (4773'), a pavilion on a projecting rock, commanding an admirable view of the snow-mountains, and of the plain towards the N. with its numerous lakes, similar to that from the StaCfel, but with a more picturesque foreground. — A path leads hence to the Staffel in the same time as from the Kalt- bad (oO min.), ascending to the right as far as the point where the S. part of the Lake of Lucerne becomes visible, and following the crest of the mountain until it joins the path from the Kaltbad, at the (V2hr.) Staffelhohe. Railway from the Kaltbad to the Scheidegg, see p. 99. In 5 min. more the train reaches stat. Staffelhohe (5090'), where the view towards the W. and N. is suddenly disclosed. It then ascends to the left, round the Rigi-Rothstock, in 9 min. to (4 M.) Rigi-Staflfel (5270'), the junction of the Arth line (see p. 96). The Rigi-Rothstock (5455'), V* br. to the S.W. (direct path from the Kaltbad in 35 min.), allords a very picturesque survey of the central part of the Lake of Lucerne, which is not visible from the Kulm. A clear view is often enjoyed from this point while the Kulm is enveloped in dense fog. The sunset is said to be sometimes seen in greater perfection from the Rothstock than from the Kulm, but the sunrise should certainly be witnessed from the latter. 96 //. Route 28. RIGI. Klosterli. The railway (liere parallel witli the Arth line) now ascends steeply to the Kulm (in 7 min, ; a walk of Y2 i^O) skirting the precipices on the N. side of the hill. 41/2 M. Station Rigi-Kulm (5740'), see p. 97. From Arth to the Rigi-Kulm, 7M., Mountain Railway inii/zhr., fare 8fr. 60 (to the Klosterli 5 fr. 50, Staffel 7tr. 40c.; from Arth-Goldau, on the St. Gotthard Railway, to the Kulm in IV4 hr., 8 fr.); descent in IV2 hr., 4 fr. 30 c. ; return-tickets from Arth IIV2, from Arth-Goldau 11 fr. ; 10 lbs. of luggage free. Arth (1345'; Rail. Restaurant), see p. 104. As far as Arth- Goldau the line is of the ordinary kind. The train ascends gradually to Oher-Arth (1490'), passes through the Muhlefluh Tunnel and under the St. Gotthard Railway, and reaches (IV2M.) Arth-Goldau (1683'), on the St. Gotthard line (p. 109), where the toothed- wheel system begins, and where we change our direction (Seats should if possible be secured at Arth on the left side, that farthest from the -waiting-room.) The Rigi line traverses part of the scene of the Goldau landslip (p. 109), crosses the Schwyz road, and describes a wide curve to the W. ; then, ascending more rapidly, it skirts the slope at the foot of the Scheidegg and reaches (2^/4 M.) Stat. Krdhel (2513'), where the engine is 'watered'. Farther on, ascending 1' in 5', we skirt the precipitous Krdbelwand, and obtain a fine view of the valley and lake of Lowerz , with the island of Schwanau, the Myten near Schwyz, the Rossberg and scene of the great landslip, and the Lake of Zug. Beyond the Rothenfluh Tunnel we are carried through a picturesque wooded valley, and across the Rothenfiuhbach, to the passing-station Fruttli (3730'). Still ascending rapidly , the train traverses the Pfedernwald , crosses the Dossen- bach and (beyond the Pfedernwald Tunnet) the Schildbach, and reaches (5 M.; IV4 hr. from Arth) — Stat. Rigi-Klosterli (4320'), lying in a basin enclosed by the Rigi-Kulm, the Rothstock, and the First. The 'Klosterli' is a small Capuchin monastery and hospice, with the pilgrimage-chapel oi Maria zumSehnee, founded in 1689 and rebuilt in 1712, and the inns al- ready mentioned (p. 94). The chapel is much visited by pilgrims, especially on 5th Aug. and 6th Sept. ; and on Sundays there is mass with a sermon for the herdsmen. This spot has no view, but is sheltered, and the air is often quite clear while the Kulm, Staffel, and Scheidegg are shrouded in mist. Walk from the Klosterli to the Rigl- First 20 min., Unterstetten 72 ^r., to the Staffel, the Rothstock, or the Schild 3/4, to the Dossen or Kulm 11/4 hr., to the Scheidegg 1 1/2 ^r. At (61/4 M.) Stat. Eigi-Staffel (p. 95) a strikingly beautiful view is suddenly disclosed towards the W. and N. (comp. p. 94). From this point to the (7 M.) Rigi-Kulm, see above. Foot and Bridle Paths to the Rigi (comp. p. 94). Fbom Weggis (p. 87) a bridle-path (3V4 hrs.), which cannot be missed (finger-post 5 min. from the landing-place), winds at first through productive orchards. It crosses the track of a mud-stream which descended from the mountain in 1795, taking a fortnight to reach the lake. 50 min. Senliberg Rettaurant (2643'); 25 min. Heiligkreuz-Capelle (3150'); V2 lir. •'Hdtel- Pension Feltenthor (p. 94), GUk'AOSO M6nch4105 Sct>wanh"2330 E feosenhyeSl Ei|.r3975 *ild|.r«' [ Gr.Fiescherh? Juntfrru Ml Gspslll tngbtri SllMrk?3105 3«6 fi"" "" BreiHi? StunstrHt L,'iTOi 3)84 1900 « ^^B^BHH ^^i^tsSsss^si^^^t^^^,.^ ->Akx . _._. ii ^- 1^1'" ^"^ H : . ~ P s A i'\ I.' R A M c Kulm. RIGI. II. Route 28. 97 near the Hochstein or Kdsbissen, an arch formed of two huge masses of conglomerate, on which rests a third block. (Stat. Romiti, a little higher up, see p. 95.) The path runs parallel to the railway part of the way. (3/4 hr.) Kaltbad, see p. 95. This route commands beautiful views and is especially recommended for the descent (comp. p. 94). From Kdssnacut (p. 104) a bridle-path (S'A hrs.). From the Tell Fountain, in the middle of the village, we follow a lane to the E. and reach a finger-post indicating the good and easily followed path to the (IV2 hr.) Vordere Seeboden-Alp (3372'; *H6tel-Pension Seebodenalp, 5-7 fr.), a splendid point of view. About 5 min. farther on our path unites with those from Immensee and Tell's Chapel; 18 min., Hintere Seeboden-Alp. Then a steep zigzag ascent of I'A hr. to Rigi-Staffel (p. 95). Fkom Goldau (p. 103), 31/2 hrs., an excellent bridle-path, and not to be mistaken. To the W. of the railway-station we cross the Aa^ and proceed to the left of the brook through meadows, pine-wood, and rocky debris, ascending by steps at places. To the left the precipitous slopes of the Roth- fluh (6233'). 1 hr. Untere Dachli (3083'; /mi), where the path fromArth comes up on the right; good view of the valley of Goldau, the Lake of Lowerz, and the Myten of Schwyz. By the cross adjoining the tavern begin the thirteen stations or oratories which lead to the chapel of Our Lady of the Snow. At (20 min.) the Obere Ddchli (rfmts.) , with its fresh spring, the wood is quitted; on the opposite side of the valley runs the railway. This point is about halfway to the top ; the second half (IV4 hr.) is easier. 10 min. Malchus-Kapelle, the 8th station; then ('/2 hr.) KlSsterli (p. 96); thence to the Rigi-Staffel (p. 95) 40 min., to the First 20 min. (p. 99). The Rigi-Kulm (5905'), the highest and northernmost point of the Rigi, descends abruptly on the N. to the Lake of Zug, while on the S.W. side it joins that part of the mountain which encloses the basin of the Klosterli and extends to the Scheidegg. At the top rises a wooden belvedere. The hotels (p. 94) stand about 130 paces below the summit, sheltered from the W. and N. winds. The Kulm almost always presents a busy scene, but is most thronged in the morning and evening. The sunset is always the chief attraction. A performer on the Alpine horn blows the 'retreat' of the orb of day, after which the belvedere is soon deserted. Half-an-hour before sunrise , the Alpine horn sounds the re- veille. All is again noise and bustle ; the crowded hotels are for the nonce without a tenant; and the summit is thronged with an eager multitude, enveloped in all manner of cloaks and mantles. Unfortunately a perfectly cloudless sunrise is a rare event. A faint streak in the E., which gradually pales the brightness of the stars, heralds the birth of day. This insensibly changes to a band of gold on the horizon ; each lofty peak becomes tinged with a roseate blush ; the shadows between the Rigi and the horizon grad- ually melt away; forests, lakes, hills, towns, and villages reveal themselves; all is at first grey and cold, until at length the sun bursts from behind the mountains in all his majesty, flooding the superb landscape with light and warmth. **View. The first object which absorbs our attention is the stu- pendous range of the snow-clad Alps, 120 M. in length (comp. the Panorama). The chain begins in the far E. with the Sentis in Can- ton Appenzell , over or near which the first rays of the rising sun Baedeker, Switzerland. IGth Edition. 7 98 //. Route 28. RIGI. Kulm. appear in summer. Nearer the Rigi rises the huge snowy crest of the Gldmisch ; then the Tbdi , in front of which are the Clariden, and to the right the double peak of the Scheerhorn ; next, the broad Windgdlle, immediately opposite , and the sharp pyramid of the Bristenstock , at the foot of which lies Amsteg on the St. Gotthard road; then the Brunnlstock and the Vri-Rothstock , side by side, both so near that the ice of their glaciers can be distinguished ; next, the broad Schlossberg and the serrated Spannorter, and more to the right the Titlis, the highest of the Unterwalden range, easily distinguished by its vast mantle of snow. The eye 'lext travels to the Bernese Alps, crowning the landscape with their magnificent peaks clad with perpetual snow. To the extreme left is the Finster- aarhorn, the loftiest of all (14,025'); adjacent to it the Lauteraar- horn and the Schreckhorn, the three white peaks of the Wetterhorn (Rosenhorn, Mittelhorn , and Wetterhorn), the Monch, the Eiger with its perpendicular walls of dark rock on the N. side, and the Jung f ran with the Silberhorn. To the W. tower the jagged peaks of the Pilatus, forming the extreme outpost of the Alps in this direc- tion. — Towards the North the entire Lake of Zug is visible, with the roads leadings toArth, and the villages of Zug, Cham, Risch, and Walchwyl. To the left of the Lake of Zug, at the foot of the Rigi, stands TeWs Chapel, midway between Immensee and Kiissnacht, a little to the left of a white house ; then, separated from the Lake of Zug by a narrow strip of land, the Kiissnacht arm of the Lake of Lucerne ; more to the W. Lucerne with its crown of battlements and towers, at the head of its bay. Beyond Lucerne is seen almost the entire canton of that name and farther to the N. the canton of^ar- gau, with the Emme meandering through the open landscape like a silver thread ; the Reuss is also visible at places. More distant are the Lake of Sempach, the W. side of which is skirted by the rail- way to Bale, and the lakes of Baldegg and Hallwyl. — Towards the West and North- West the horizon is bounded by the Jura Mts., above which peep some of the crests of the Vosges. To the N., but to the left of the Lake of Zug, in the distance, rises the castle of Habsburg; still farther off is visible the Black Forest, with its high- est peaks, the Feldberg (to the right) and the Belchen (to the left). Beyond the Lake of Zug is seen the crest of the Albis with the Uetliberg , which nearly conceals the Lake of Ziirich; the long cantonvl hospital and the cathedral in the town of Zurich are, however, visible. In the extreme distance rise the basaltic cones of Hohenhbwen and Hohenstoffeln (close together) and the Hohen- twiel in Swabia. — Towards the East, behind the N. slope of the Rossberg, a glimpse is obtained of the Lake of Ageri, on the S.bank of which was fought the famous battle of Morgarten (p. 80). Beyond Arth, opposite the Kulm, is ihe Rossberg , the S. slope of which was the scene of the disastrous Goldau landslip (p. 109). Between the Rossberg and the E. ramifications of the Rigi lies the First. RIGI. //. Route 28. 99 Lake of Lowerz, with its two little islands 5 beyond it, the town of Schwyz, at the foot of the bald heights of the Myten, overtopped by the imposing Oldrnisch. To the right opens the Muota-Thal^ cel- ebrated in military annals. — To the South-East and South the different heights of the Rigi form the foreground : viz. the Hochfluh (below it the Rothfluh), Scheidegg , Dosseii , and Schlld, at the foot of which lies the Klosterli. To the left of the Schild part of the Lake of Lucerne is seen near Beckenried, and to the right the bay called the Lake of Buochs, with the Buochser Horn above it ; a little more to the right the Stanser Horn with Starts at its base ; nearer, the less lofty Burgenstock and the Rigi-Rothstock. Beyond these, to the left, is the Lake of Sarnen, embosomed in forest, to the right, the Bay of Alpnach^ connected with the Lake of Lucerne by a narrow strait formed by the Lopperberg , a spur of Pilatus. — Good panorama by Keller, upon which that annexed is based. For a quarter of an hour before and after sunrise the view is clearest ; at a later hour the mists rise and condense into clouds, frequently concealing a great part of the landscape. To quote the chamois-hunter in Schiller's Tell : 'Through the parting clouds only The earth can be seen, Far down 'neath the vapour The meadows of green.' But the mists themselves possess a certain charm, surging in the depths of the valleys, or veiling the Kulm, and struggling against the powerful rays of the sun. The effects of light and shade, varying so often in the course of the day, are also a source of con- stant interest. In the morning the Bernese Alps are seen to the best advantage, and in the evening those to the E. of the Bristenstock. One whole day at least should be devoted to the Rigi. A visit may also be paid (on foot or by rail) to the Staffel (p. 95) and the Rothstock (p. 95), the Kaltbad (p. 95), the Klosterli (p. 96), or the Scheidegg (p. 100). Ag the temperature often varies 40-50° within 24 hours, overcoats and shawls should not be forgotten. During the prevalence of the Fohn, or S. wind, the Alps seem to draw nearer, their jagged outlines become more definite, their tints warmer; and during a W. wind the Jura Mts. present a similar appearance. These phenomena generally portend rain. From the Kaltbad to the Rigi-Scheidegg. — 41/4 M. Railway (ordinary cars, without toothed rail) in 25 min. ; fare 2 fr. 50, there and back 3 fr. 60 c. Rigi-Kaltbad (4700'), see p. 95. The railway skirts the S. slope of the Rothstock, being hewn in the rock the greater part of the way, and ascends gradually to stat. Rigi -First (4747'; *Hotel, see p. 94), which commands a beautiful view of the Lake of Lucerne, the IJri and Unterwalden Mts., and the Bernese Alps. The train now describes a wide curve round the N. slopes of the Schilt (5062'; 20 min. from the Hotel Rigi-First), affording a pleasant view, towards the E., of the Myten, the Glarnisch, and the Alps 7* 100 11. Route ^8. RIGI-SCHEIDEGG. of Appenzell. Beyond stat. Vnierstetten [Hotel, see p. 94) \ve tra- verse the saddle of the hill and cross a bridge 55 yds. long , -with a view to the N. and S. We pass through the Weissenegg Tunnel, 55 yds. long, cross the Dossentohel hy a viaduct 84' high, and beyond the ridge which connects the Dossen with the Scheidegg, where a view towards the S. is again disclosed, reach Vnier-Bossen. Stat. Eigi-Scheidegg, 190' below the ""Hotel ^' Curhaus (5462') mentioned at p. 94. The view hence is less extensive than that from the Kulm , but it also embraces the principal mountains, and some points not visible from the Kulm (view-tower 70' high ; pano- rama at the hotel). The plateau of the Scheidegg, about 1 M. in length, affords a pleasant promenade which may be prolonged by the 'Seeweg' along the slope of the Dossen as far as Unterstetten. The Dossen (see below), commanding a splendid view, is 3/4 hr. distant. The *Eiigi - Hochfluh (5564') may be ascended in IV2-2 hrs. from the Scheidegg, by a new path constructed by Dr. Stierlin-Hauser, which stead- ily follows the ridge, passing the Gatterli (pass from Gersau toLowerz; 3720') and Scharteggli (4625'). In the couloir, on the oS^.W. side of the sum- mit, an almost perpendicular iron ladder, 80' high, must be ascended (wire-rope railing, but steady head indispensable). This interesting ascent afiords a most picturesque view of the Lake of TJri , the Alps of XJri and Schwyz, and the Glarner Alps. The older route (2V2-3 hrs.), cross- ing the saddle towards the Zihlistock-Hiitte, and then ascending among the rocks on the S. side, has also been improved and is preferable to the above-mentioned route on the 1^. side (see p. 89). Paths to the Scheidegg. From Geesau (p. 89) a bridle-path (3-3V2 hrs.), steep at places. Beyond the village we cross the brook and ascend by a paved path between orchards and farm-houses ; 40 min., ihe Brand; 1/2 br,, a saw-mill, where we again cross the brook; 10 min., Unter-Oschwend (3200'; tavern); 10 min., Ober-Gschwend (3330'; halfway). To the right, the precipitous slopes of the Hochfluh (see above) ; below lies the little chapel of St. Joseph. We now turn to the left (to the right is the path to Lowerz via the Odtterli, see above) and ascend by the Easeiibiihl-Alp and the Kriisel- boden to the sharp crest of the hill, where a view is suddenly disclosed of the Rossberg, the lakes of Lowerz and Zug, and the Carhaus of Rigi-Scheidegg. From Lowerz (p. 109) a bridle-path (3 hrs.), ascending towards the S.to the Gatterli (see above) and thence to the right over the ridge to the hoteL From the Klosterli (p. 96) a bridle-path (I1/2 hr.), ascending from the Schwert Inn to the (1/2 hr.) Hotel Rigi- Unterstetten (see above), situated on the saddle between the Schild and Dossen (5510*), 40 min. below the sum- mit, which commands the whole of the Lake of Lucerne and Canton Unter- walden. Descent via Unterdossen to Scheidegg in 40 minutes. Refreshments may be obtained at a chalet, halfway between Unterstetten and Scheidegg. 29. From Lucerne to Alpnach-Stad. Pilatus. Comp. Map, p. 87. Brdnig Railway from Lucerne to (8'/2 M.) Alpnach-Stad in 27-32 min., (1 fr. 40, 1 fr,, 70 c. ; return-tickets 2 fr. 25, 1 fr. 60, 1 fr. 15 c), see p. 131. — Steamboat, 9 times daily in 3/4-I1/2 hr. (6 times via Kehrsiten, thrice via Hergiswyl, twice direct via Stansstad), connecting at Alpnach-Stad with the Briinig and Pilatus Railways. Passengers with through -tickets may use as far as Alpnach either the Briinig Railway or the steamboat. — The ascent or descent by the Pilatus Railway (p. 102) takes 1 hr. 25 min. ; fares, up 10, down 6fr. ; return-fare for the first and the last train 12 fr. ; combined tickets for railway and hotel, including R., D., and B. 25 fr. ; Sunday tickets, valid in May and Oct. for the first, in June-Sept, for the first and second trains (return by any train) 9 fr. (from Lucerne 10 fr.). HERGISWYL. 11. Route 29. 101 The Brunig Railway to Alpnach-Stad, \ia Hergiswyl, see p. 131. — The Steamboat steers towards the 'Kreuztrichter'(p.87), keeping near the W. hank and passing the country-seat of Tribschen, the Pension Stutz (p. 82), the St. Niklauscapelle, and the station of Kastanienbaum, and enters the bay of Stansstad. To the left rises the Biirgenstock, with its precipitous N. slopes, at the N. E, angle of which lies the station of Kehrsiten (Restaurant). A Rack-and-Pinion and Wire-Rope Railway ascends the*Burgenstock from Kehrsiten in V^ hr. (fares, up IV2, i fr., down 1 fr., 50 c), tra- versing a distance of 1025 yds., with an average gradient of 45 : 100. The motive power is electricity, which is also utilized for pumping water and for purposes of lighting. At the top of the railway (2855'; 1420* above the level of the lake) is a Restaurant (high charges), with view-terrace, beside which is the Park Hotel ; 3 min. farther to the S. the large '-'Hdtel BUrgen- stock (R. 272-6'/2, B. 11/2, D. 5, board 7 fr. ; resident physician; Engl. Ch. Service; S.B. G. H.), a favourite health-resort, with extensive and shady grounds. The hotel and several points near it command beautiful views of the lakes of Lucerne, Zug, Sempach, and Baldegg, the Rigi, etc. A good path leads to the S.E. to (V2 hr.) Honegg (2906'); another (lately improved) through wood to the N.E. to the (8/4 hr.) 'Hammetschwand (3720'), the summit of the Biirgenstock , which descends abruptly to the Lake of Lucerne : striking view of the greater part of the lake, of the lakes of Sarnen, Sempach, Baldegg, Hallwyl, and Zug, of the Rigi, Pila- tus, Myten, Weissenstein, and of the Alps of Glarus and Unterwalden, and part of the Bernese Alps (Panorama 50 c). To the right the promontory of Spissenegg extends far into the lake, forming a bay which extends to the N. to Winkel. The steamer steers (except on the direct voyages, see p. 100) to the S.W. to Hergiswyl (*H6t.-Pens. Rossli, *ndt.-Pens. Schweizerheim^ both mod- erate), at the foot of Pilatus (see p. 103), and then to the E. to Stans- stad (1445'; Hotel Winkelried, R. 3-4, B. IV4 fr.; Freienhof, pens. 4-6 fr., well spoken of; RossU; SchliisseV), the 'harbour of Stans'. The square pinnacled Schnitz-Thurm was erected by the Swiss in 1308 to vindicate their new-won independence. Steam-tramway from Stansstad to Stans and cable-line thence to the top of the ''Stanserhorn, see p. 127. — From Stans to Engelberg, see R. 36. Walk from Stansstad to Sarnen, 3 hrs. The path skirts the lake for a short way, enters the Rotzloeh, and at Allioeg (*Inn), 2 M. from Stans- stad, where there is a chapel in memory of Winkelried (pp. 19,127), joins the Stans and Sarnen Road (no diligence). This road leads past the W. base of the Stanserhorn (p. 127), and by Rohren to (2 M.) St. Jakob, a village with an old church, then across the Mehlbach, and through the Kernwald to (3 M.) Kerns and (IV2 M.) Sarnen (p. 132). The Lopper, the E. spur of Pilatus, extends far into the lake. At its base runs the Lucerne and Alpnach road, while the Briinig railway (p. 131) penetrates the hill by a tunnel. The brook oppo- site, which falls into the lake at Stansstad, has further narrowed the channel between the Lake of Lucerne and the Lake of Alpnach with its alluvial deposits, and the strait is now crossed by an embank- ment and a swing-bridge (Acheregg-Brucke), which is opened for the passage of steamers. Within the bay of Alpnach rises the Rotzberg (2214'), crowned by a ruined castle of the same name (ascent from the^Rotzloch 3/^ hr. ; view). The hUl is separated from the Plattiberg 102 II. Route 29. PILATDS. * From Lucerne by the Rotzloch, a narrow ravine. Portland cement factory (the dust sometimes very unpleasant). On the lake is situated Hotel-Pension Rotzloch, with a sulphur-spring and grounds (pens. 4-5 fr.). At the S.W. angle of the Lake of Alpnach lies Alpnach-Stad (1443'; *H6t.-Pens. Pilatus, R., L., & A. 1V2-3V2> ^- 3V2. B. IV4, pens. 5-6 fr., with veranda and garden; Rossli, moderate; Stern), a station of the Briinig Railway and the starting-point of the Pilatus Railway. *PilatU8 (6995'), the lofty mountain to the S.W. of Lucerne, rises boldly in a rugged and imposing mass, almost isolated from the surrounding heights. The "W. and N. portions belong to the canton of Lucerne, the E. and S. to Unterwalden. The lower slopes are clothed with beautiful pastures and forests, while the upper part consists of wild and serrated cliffs, from which its ancient name FractusMons (broken mountain) is derived. The names 'Fracmont', 'Frakmund', have in later times been occasionally applied to it, but the name Pilatus (probably from the tradition mentioned at p. 86) came into general use about the close of last century. The mountain is the popular barometer of the district ; if the summit is free from clouds and fog in the morning, the weather cannot be depended on; but if shrouded in fog till midday, a clear evening may be expected. The flora of Pilatus is very rich, including nearly 500 species. The names of tlie different peaks from W. to E. are the Mittaggilpfi or Gnepfstein (6300'), the Eothendossen (5833'), the Widderfeld (6817'. the wildest), the Tomlishorn (6998', the highest), the Gemsmattli (6732'); to the S. the Matthorn (6693'); to the N. the Klimsenhorn (6265', which, seen from Lucerne, is the farthest W.); in the centre the Oberhaupt, then the Esel (6962', the most frequently ascended), and lastly the Steigli-Egg (6485'). The Pilatus Railway (duration of journey and fares, see p. 100; best views to the right), constructed in 1886-88 by Col. Locher of Ziirich, is nearly 3 M. long, with an average gradient of 42 : 100 and a maximum gradient of 48 : 100. The line rests throughout on a substructure of mas- sive granite blocks and slabs, to which an upper framework of iron and steel is securely fastened with huge screws. The toothed rail has vertical teeth on both sides, into which two pairs of toothed wheels attached to the train work horizontally. The engine and the passenger-carriage (32 seats) form a single car with two axles. The railway begins near the Hotel Pilatus (1443'; see above), and immediately ascends, traversing orchards and afterwards wood. 21 min. Wolfort (2985'), a watering-station, immediately beyond which the train crosses a stone bridge , with a span of 82', across the gorge of the Wolfort ; fine view of the Lake of Alp- nach to the right. We then enter the Wolfort Tunnel (48 yds.), beyond which the line is carried along the stony slope of the Ris- leten, the most difficult portion of the railway to construct (gradient 48 : 100), and then traverse the Lower (56 yds.) and Upper Spycher Tunnel (106 yds. long; 3773' above the sea-level) to the (43 min.) Aemsigen- Alp (4430'), a passing-station with pumping- works which force water to the Pilatus-Kulm, 2355' above. The railway now ascends through wood on the edge of a gorge, crosses the Mattalp (to the right the Steigli-Egg, in front the Esel), turns to the N., EchingelhornSSSO ■*"?*- Horn 3m S' Faulhc 26i8: ,^4r« ...*v^*LJ j:=;;^^t[:^^^^ 'ASfOJSlAJMA TD14 PIlAl'tfS EXR to Alpnach-Stad. PILATUS. II. Route 29. 103 and is next carried up the precipitous rocky slope of the Esel through four tunnels (48, 60, 50, and 12 yds. long). The terminus Pilatuskulm (6790') adjoins the former Hotel Belle vue, now a dependance of the large Hotel Pilatuskulm (R., L., «fe A. 6-8, B. 2, luncheon 4, D. 5 fr. ; restaurant on the groundfloor cheaper). The terrace commands a fine mountain view. — An easy path leads from the station to (6 min.) the summit of the *Esel, or Etzel (6962'), the chief point of view, with a spacious summit-plateau, surrounded by a parapet. The view surpasses that from the Rigi in grandeur and variety, the Bernese Alps in particular looming nearer and more massive (comp. the panorama). — A similar but less pictur- esque view may be enjoyed from the *Tomlishorn (6995'), the high- est peak of Pilatus, to which a good path (varying views), skirting the slopes of the Oberhaupt and Tomlishoru and crossing the Tomlis- horngrat (railings; no danger even for novices), leads from the Hotel Pilatuskulm in V2lir. (panorama by Imfeld). — Another new path, cut in the rocks, leads to the top of the Matthom (6693'; from the Hotel Pilatuskulm 2 hrs., there and back). Pedestrians will find the ascent of Pilatus best made from Hergiswyl (p. 101), at the N.W. foot of the mountain. There is a bridle-path as far as the (SVzhrs.) Hotel Klimsenhorn, whence a footpath ascends to (40 min.) the Pilatuskulm. In front of the church we take the broader path to the left, and after 3 min. turn to the right, traversing orchards and meadows, and afterwards wood. At (Ihr.) the *Ci/rAaws Brunni (pens. 6 fr.), a health-resort, there is a terrace affording a tine view. After V2hr. the path leads through a gate to the Oschwdnd-Alp; 20 min. farther up, near a chalet (Inn, with beds), we pass through another gate and ascend in steep zigzags to the left, at first through beautiful pine-wood, and then across slopes of grass and debris, to (IV4 hr.) the Hotel Klimsenhorn. situated on the saddle (5940': 35' higher than theRigi-Kulm) connecting the Oberhaupt with the (15min.) ■'Klimsenhorn (6265'), which atfords an extensive and picturesque prospect to the E., N., and W., from the Uri Mts. to the Lake of :Keuchatel. The view to the S. is hidden by the loftier peaks of Pilatus. From the Hotel Klimsenhorn a well - constructed zigzag path (iron railing higher up) ascends the steep slope of the Oberhaupt, to the (40min.) Kriesiloch, an aperture in the rock resembling a chimney, 20' high, through which 52 easy steps ascend to the arete between the Oberhaupt and the Esel. The *View of the Bernese Alps is suddenly disclosed here. The path then leads in 4 min. to the Hotel Pilatuskulm (p. 102). The Pilatuskulm may also be reached by bridle-paths from Alpnach-Slad (4V2-5 hrs.; via the Aemsigen-Alp and Mattalp) and from Alpnach (p. 131; 4'/2-5 hrs. ; via the Alps of Liiiholdsmatt, Schic&ndi^ and Ilinter-Frakmiind). — From Kriens (p. 86) a path leads to (3'/2-4 hrs.) the Hotel Klimsenhorn, passing the chateau of Schauensee, and traversing the Hochwald and marshy pastures via the Miihlenmdss-Alp and Frakmilnd-Alp (guide indispensable). Via the Brilndlen-Alp (last part of the route very rough), see p. 86. 30. From Zug and Lucerne to Arth. Comp. Maps, pp. 86, 9i. i. From Zug to Arth. Lake of Zug. Steamboat (in connection with the Ziirich and Lucerne and the Rigi railways) in 50 minutes. (Quick train from Zug by Rothkreuz to Arth-Goldau in 48 min., ordinary in 1 hr. 40 min.) The Lake of Zug (1368'), 83/4 M. long, 21/2 M. wide, and 650' deep, is very picturesque. Its richly wooded banks rise gently to 104 II. Route 30. KUSSNACHT. a moderate height, while to the S., above its azure waters, towers the Rigi, visible from base to summit. On the flat N, bank of the lake many remains of lake- dwellings have been discovered. Zug, see p. 79. Soon after the steamer has left the pier, Pilatus appears to the S."W., and then the Bernese Alps and the Stanser- horn to the left. On a promontory on the W. bank is the handsome new chateau of Buonas ; on the E. bank lie the village of Oberwyl and the houses of Otterswyl and Eielenegg. Looking back, we ob- serve the church-tower of Cham (p. 80), rising above the plain. On the W, bank, farther on, the wooded promontory of Kiemen pro- jects far into the lake. To the left of the Rigi-Scheidegg are the Frohnalpstock and the Rossstocke. The steamer touches at Lothen- bach on the E. bank, and then crosses to Immensee (Hot. Rigi), charmingly situated at the foot of the Rigi. (Rail, stat., see p. 109; omnibus to Kiissnacht in 1/2 hr.) The steamer then steers diagon- ally across the lake to Walcliwyl (*Pens. Hurlimcnn, with hydro- pathic, well situated, pens. 41/2 - 6 fr. ; ^Stern), on the E. bank. The mildness of the climate is indicated by chestnut-trees and vines. To the left lies St. Adrian, at the foot of the Rossherg (see p. 108), which on this side is clothed with wood and pasture. As Arth is approached, one of the Myten of Schwyz (p. 110) peeps from be- hind the Rossberg. Arth (1345'; *Adler, with garden on the lake; *H6t. Rigi) lies at the S. end of the lake, between the Rigi and the Rossberg, but not exposed to the landslips of the latter, the strata of which dip in another direction. Arth-Rigi Railway, see p. 96. — From Arth to Kiissnacht and Lucerne, see below. ii. From Lucerne to Eiissnacht and Arth. Steamboat from Lucerne to(8M.) Kiissnacht in 45-55 min.-, Post-Omnibus from Kiissnacht to (2 M.) stat. Immensee thrice daily in 25 min.: Railway from Immensee to (5 M.) Arth-Goldau in 19 minutes. (From Lucerne by Rothkreuz to Arth-Goldau 55-76 min. :, see pp. 80, 109.) Departure from Lucerne, see p. 87. The steamer touches at Pens. Seehurg , rounds the promontory of Meggenhorn (p. 87), and enters the Bay of Kiissnacht. To the left, near stat. Vorder- Meggen, rises the picturesque chateau of Neu-Habsburg , behind which peeps the ancient tower of the castle of that name, once a frequent resort of the Emp. Rudolph when Count of Hapsburg, and destroyed by the Lucerners in 1352. The incident which in- duced Rudolph to present his horse to the priest is said to have occurred here (see Schiller's ballad, 'The Count of Hapsburg'). Stat. Hinter-Meggen {*Curhaus ^ Pens. Gottlieben, suitable for some stay, prettily situated ^/^M. from the lake, pens. 51/2-71/2 fr.). The steamer now crosses to Greppen, skirts the well-wooded slopes of the Rigi, and soon reaches — 8 M. Kiissnacht (1895'; pop. 2^10 ;*£[6tel-Curhaus Mon-Sejour, with hydropathic, garden, and sea-baths, R. i^i2-% dej. 2, D. 2i/2» BIBERBRUCKE. II. Route 31. \0^ pens. 5-6 fr.; *II6t.-Pens. du Lac; *Schwarzer Adler; Rossli; Telf), a village prettily situated at the N. end of this bay of the lake, with a fine mountain-view. Omnibus to Immensee (p. 104) from the landing-place; one-horse carr. 3 fr. — Ascent of the Bj^^ see p . 97. The *St. Michaelskreuz (2615'), locally known as the 'Kleine Eigr, l'/2 hr. to the N.W, of Kiissnacht (easily reached via Altikon), commands a beautiful view of the lakes of Zug and Lucerne, the Alps and the hilly landscapes of N. Switzerland. Unpretending *Inn and chapel on the top. A more extensive view is enjoyed from the OchsenicaldhdJi e l2Q8b'), 5 min. from the inn. The St. Michaelskreuz may also be ascended by good roads from Rothkreuz (via Meierskappel in IV2 hr.), from Gisikon (in 1 hr.) and from Lucerne (via Adligenscliwyl and Udligenschwyl in 3 hrs.). The road ascends through the *Hohle Gasse' or 'hollow lane'; see Schiller's Tell), now half filled up, but still deserving the name at one point where it is shaded by lofty beeches. At the upper end of it, 11/4 M. from Kiissnacht, to the left, is Tail's Chapel (1585'), rebuilt in 1834, marking the spot where the tyrant Gessler is said to have been shot by Tell. Over the door is a painting of the event, with an inscription. By the (1/2M.) inn *Zur Eiche the road divides. A few paces to the right is stat. Immensee- Kiissnacht (p. 109). The road to the left descends to (74^0 the village oi Immensee (p. 104). 31. From Zurich via Wadensweil to Arth-Goldau. From Biberbriicke to Einsiedeln. Co7np. Maps, pp. 40, 86. 36 M. Railway in 3-3V2hr3. This is the shortest route from the Lake of Zurich to the Rigi and the St. Gotthard Railway, as well as to Ein- siedeln. — Railway from Rapperswil via Pfiiffilon to Einsiedeln in 1 hr. 6 min. (see p. 42). From Ziirich to (I5V2 M.) Wddmsweil (1348'), see p. 42. The line ascends the fertile slopes on the S. bank of the Lake of Ziirich, commanding beautiful views of the lake, with the Curfirsten and Sentis in the background. I71/2 M. Burghalden (1741'); I9V2 M. Samstagern (2080' ; Restaurant), junction of the line (to the left) to Rapperswil-Pfaffikon via WoUerau (p. 43). — Beyond (21 M.) Schindellegi (2483'; *Freihof ; Hirsch) we cross the brawling Sihl. Diligence twice daily in V2 hr. to Feusisberg (2233'; 'Curhmis Feusis- garten), a health-resort, pleasantly situated, with fine view of the lake of Zurich and the Alps of Appenzell. — IV2 M. to the S.W. of Schindellegi (diligence twice daily in V2 hr.) is the whey-cure resort of Hiitten (2428'; Bdr; Kreuz), charmingly situated on the idyllic Hiittensee, at the foot of the wooded Hohe Rfionen (see 'below). — The Di'eildnderstein (U2V) , the highest point of the Hohe Rhonen, marking the boundaries of cantons Ziirich, Zug, and Schwyz, may be reached from Schindellegi in 1 hr., and the walk may be continued along the crest of the hill to the QottschaUenberg (p. 106). The line rounds the E. slopes of the Hohe Rhonen (see above), and approaches the Alp, which falls into the Sihl here. Towards the S. appear the Myten (p. 110). — Beyond (23 M.) Biberbrucke (2730'; Post), where the Biber falls into the Alp, the Glarus Mts., bounded on the left by the pyramidal Kopfenstock (6240'), form the back- ground. 106 //. Route 31. EINSIEDELN. From Zurich Pleasant excursion from Biberbriicke G^y road I'/zlir.; damp footpath, to the right, about halfway, IV4 hr.) to the top of the *Gottschalkenberg (3780'; "Hotel, pens. 6-7 fr.), the W. prolongation of the Hohe Rhonen (p. 105), commanding a fine view of the Alps (finest from the Belvedere, 20 min. to the S.)- The descent may be made to (2V2 M.) Oier-Ageri (p. 80), to (IV2 hr.) Richtersweil (p. 42), or by Menzingen to (6M.) Zug (p. 79). From Biberbbuckb to Einsibdeln, 3 M., branch-railway in 1/4 hr. The train follows the narrow Alpthal (several cuttings and embankments, and a short tunnel). From Pfaffikon (p, 43) by the Etzel to Einsiedeln, 3'/2 hrs. A narrow road commanding fine views of the lake ascends in windings, past the Pens. Lugeten, to the (3 M.) pass of the Etzel (3145'^ ^Inn), with the Chapel of St. Meinrad. The Hohe-Etzel (3610'; steep ascent of V2 hr. from the inn) is wooded, and commands no view, but the *Sch6nboden (3513'), 3/4 hr. to the E., affords a splendid view of the lake, the Limmat- thal as far as Baden, the Alps of Appenzell and Glarus, the Sihlthal and Alpthal, with Einsiedeln, the Myten of Schwyz, the Rossberg, and the E,igi ; to the W. rises the Hohe Rhonen (p. 105). Travellers bound for Einsiedeln may descend from the Schonboden towards the S.W. direct to Egg, visible below, cross the Sihl, and join the road from the Etzel. — From the Etzel Inn the road descends to the (3/4 BI.) Teu/elshriicke (2755') over the Sihl. Thence 32/4 M. to Einsiedeln, Einsiedeln (2770'; pop. 8512 ; *Pfau, R. & A. from 21/2, B. 1-1 1/4, D. with wine 3 fr. ; *Sonne; Drei Kbnige; St. Catharina; Schwan; Restaurant Oechslin, with rooms), or Notre-Dame-des-Ermites (Mon- asterium Eremitarum), in a green vaUey, watered by the Alpbach, vies with Rome and Loreto in Italy, St. Jago de Compostella in Spain, and Mariazell in Styria as one of the most famous pilgrim- resorts in the world. Its foundation is attributed to Count Meinrad of Sulgen, who built a chapel here in honour of a wonder-working image of the Virgin presented to him by the Abbess Hildegard of Zurich. After the death af Meinrad, who was assassinated in 861, a monastery of Benedictine Hermits ('Ein- siedler') sprang up here. In 1274 it was created an independent princip- ality by Emp. Rudolph of Hapsburg, and owing to the constantly increas- ing throng of pilgrims which it attracted soon vied with St. Gallen as one of the richest monasteries in Switzerland. In the large open space between the houses (a great many of which are inns for the entertainment of the pilgrims) and the con- spicuous buildings of the monastery rises a black marble Fountain with fourteen jets, surmounted by an image of the Virgin, from which the pilgrims are wont to drink. Under the Arcades , which form a semicircular approach to the church on the right and left, as well as in the Platz itself , there are numerous stalls for the sale of prayer-books, images of saints, rosaries, medals, crucifixes, and other 'devotional' objects. So great is the demand for engravings, religious works, and other souvenirs of the place, that at Benziger (^' Co.^s establishment no fewer than 900 workmen are employed in printing and stereotyping, engraving on wood and zinc, chromo- lithographing, book-binding, etc. The pilgrims, chiefly from Switzer- land, Bavaria, Swabia, Baden, and Alsace, number about 150,000 annually. The chief festival takes place on 14th September. The extensive Abbey Buildings, in the Italian style, which were to Arth-Qoldau. ROTHENTHURM. II. Route 31. 107 re-erected for the sixth or seventh time in 1704-19, are 148 yds. long, 41 yds. of which are occupied by the Church and its two slender towers. On the right and left of the entrance are Statues of the Emperors Otho I. and Henry II., two benefactors of the Abbey. The INTEEIOR of the church is gaudily decorated with gilding, marble, and pictures of little value. In the nave stands the Chapel of the Virgin of black marble, the 'Sanctum Sanctorum', with a grating, through which' illuminated by a solitary lamp, a small Image of the Virgin and Child is visible, richly attired, and decked with crowns of gold and precious stones. In the chapel to the right a Crucifix by J. Kraus ; in the choir an As- sumption by the same artist, skilfully restored by Deschwanden in 1858. — The Abbey contains a well-arranged Libkart of 50,000 volumes, chiefly historical, a number of MSS., and a small natural history collection. The FuRSTENSAAL is huug with good lifesize portraits , including those of Pius IX. and the emperors William I., Francis Joseph, and Napoleon III. The Private Chapel of the abbot is adorned with paintings of ecclesiast- ical events. — Connected with the Abbey are a Seminary and a Ltcedm. The Herrenb erg (3650'; V2 l^r-)) a hill above the Abbey to the S.E., commands a beautiful view of the neighbourhood. Similar views are obtained from the Kreuz or from the Meinradsberg, 3^4 M. to the S. of the town. About 1/4 M. to the W. of the town, near the rail, station, is an interesting * Panorama of the Crucifixion^ by Leigh, Frosch, and Krieger (adm. 1 fr.). From Einsiedeln to Schwyz over the Hacken (81/2 hrs.), destitute of shade, and very disagreeable in bad weather. We ascend the monoton- ous Alpthal (with the nunnery oi Au on the right) to the (1^/2 hr.) village of Alpthal (3258'; =''Stern), where the somewhat rough and steep log-path ascending the Hacken begins. In V2 hr. we gain a point where the space between the two Myten (p. 110), shaped like the letter V, is distinctly observed, and in 1/2 hr. more reach the Inn on the Hacken Pass (4588'), which commands a splendid view of the lakes of Lucerne and Lowerz, etc. (The view is still finer from the Hochstuckli, 5105', V2 hr. higher up, to the N., and embraces the N. part of the lake and the town of Ziirich.) Descent to (1 hr.) Schwyz steep and stony. From Einsiedeln to Schwyz over the Iberger Egg, 13 M. Good road through the Sihlthal or Euthal by Steinbach and Euthal to (8 M.) Iherg (3483'); thence to the Iberger Egg (4823') or Eeilighduschen, afford- ing a fine survey of the Lake of Lucerne and the Alps, and by Bulisberg and Rickenbach to (5 M.) Schwyz. Beyond Biberbriicke (p. 105) the railway crosses the Biber, and ascends across a monotonous plateau. From (251/2 M.) Altmatt (3035' ; Rossli), a poor hamlet on a large moor, a carriage-road leads in 13/4 hr. to the Gottschalkenberg (p. 106). 28 M. Rothenthurm (3050'; *Oc/is, R. li/s, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 33/4-4 fr. ; Schlussel), with a new Romanesque church, where to the left the Myten, to the right the long back of the Rigi and the hotels on the Kulm become visible, is named after a red tower belonging to fortifications (Letze) once erected by the Schwyzers to protect their N.W. boundary. In the vicinity, on the E. slope of the Morgarten (p. 80), on 2nd May, 1798, the Schwyzers under Reding defeated the French, who lost 2000 men. The railway then descends in the wooded valley of the Steinen-Aa to (31 M.) Sattel-Ageri; to the left 1 08 II. Route 32. GOTTHARD RAILWAY. From Lucerne is the pleasantly situated village of Battel (2345'; *Neue Krone, at the station, pens. 41/2-6 fr.; Alte Krone, in the village). The *Schlagstrasse, as the picturesque road from Sattel to Schwyz is called (6 31.-, a fine walk), crosses the Steinen-Aa and ascends on the W. slope of the Eacken (see above), affording beautiful views of the fertile valley of Steinen. the Lake of Lowerz with the Schwanau, the scene of the Goldau landslip, and the Rigi. At (33/4 M.) the 'Birsch Inn (a little father on the Bu7'g Inn), Schwyz and the My ten become visible. Thence to Stat, Seeicen I'A M., to Schwyz (p. 109) 2 M. From Sattel-Ageri to Morgarten , 2 M., omnibus in V2 ^^- (50 c.)*, steamboat on the Ageri Lake, see p. 80. The railway descends the slopes of the Rossberg, by several viaducts and a short tunnel to [34M.3 Steinerberg (1950'; *Rdssli; Loice), a mountain-village with a fine view of the valley of Lowerz, framed by the slopes of the Rigi, the Frohnalpstock (with the Lie- dernenstocke and Mohrenberge in the distance), and the two Myten. The *Rossberg (highest peak, the Wildspitz, 5190') may be ascended from Steinerberg by a new bridle-path in 2V2 hrs. At the top, which com- mands a fine view (panorama by Imfeld), is the Hotel Rosshevg-Eulm. From the Grippen (5127') , or W. summit of the Rossberg , reached from the hotel by a level path in 20 min., we obtain a good survey of the scene of the landslip of 1806 (comp. p. 109). — The descent may be made to Ageri (p. 80). The railway traverses the scene of the Goldau Landslip, and joins the St. Gotthard Railway (p. 109) at (36 M.) Arth-Goldau (Hot. Hof Goldau, etc.). — Rigi Railway, see p. 96. 32. From Lucerne to Bellinzona. St. Gotthard Railway. Comp. Maps, pp. 86, 94, 126, 112, 118, 382. 109 M. Railway. Express ('Blitzzug''; first class only) in 41/2, fast trains in 573, ordinary trains in 7 hrs. •, fares 24 fr. 60, 17 fr. 20, 12 fr. 30 c. (To Lugano 1271/2 M., express in 51/3-61/3 hrs. ; 29 fr. 30, 20 fr. 50, 14 fr. 65 c. ; to Milan 176 M., in 71/2-9 hrs.; 35 fr. 70, 25 fr., 17 fr. 65 c). — Rothkreuz (p. 80), a station between Zug and Lucerne, the starting-point of the St. Gotthard line, is reached by express from Ziirich in I-I1/2 hr. ; from Bale by Lucerne in 23/4 hrs., or by Aarau and Muri in 31/2 hrs. — For the day express there is a table d'hote at Goschenen , where the traveller should be careful to avoid an involuntary change of carriages, or even of trains. Finest views from Lucerne to Fliielen to the right, from Fliielen to Goschenen to the left, and from Airolo to Bellinzona to the right. The **St. Gotthard Railway, constructed in 1872-82 at a cost of 238 million francs , is one of the grandest achievements of modern engineering. The highest point of the line, in the middle of the great tunnel , is 3787' above the sea-level, and the maximum gradient is about 1' in 4'. At places the ascent is rendered more gradual by means of curved tunnels, piercing the sides of the valley; there are three such tunnels on the N. side, and four on the S. side of the mountain (comp. Map, p. 113). Altogether the line has 56 tunnels (of an aggregate length of 251/2 M.), 32 bridges, 10 viaducts, and 24 minor bridges. In order to examine the most interesting structure of the line itself, the traveller may drive in an open carriage or walk from Amsteg to Goschenen (12 M.) and from Airolo to Giornico (15 M.). Those who are not pressed for time should take the steamboat from Lucerne to Fliielen, in preference to the train (holders of through tickets and circular tickets have the choice of either route); or, if they have not yet visited the Rigi, they may take the rail- to BelUnzona. GOLDAU. II. Route 32. 109 way to Rothkreuz, Arth-Goldau, the Rigi-Kulin, and Vitznau, and tlie steamer thence to Fliielen. From Lucerne to (11 M.) Rothkreuz (1410'), see p. 80. Our line diverges to the right, traversing a hilly and wooded tract. To the right the Rigi, the Uri and Engelberg Alps, and Pilatus. Be- fore reaching Immensee (p. 104), which lies below us, on the left, we obtain a survey of the E. part of the Lake of Zug (p. 104). On the N. bank lies Walchwyl; then St. Adrian (p. 104). 16 M. Immensee-Kussnaclit (1585'; omnibus to Kiissnacht in 25 min., see p. 105). To the right are the wooded slopes of the Rigi^ with the Kulm Hotel far above us (p. 97). The train runs high above the Lake of Zug, passing through several cuttings. At the E. end of the lake, on the left, lies the thriving village of Arth (p. 104), at the foot of the wooded Rossberg, behind which rise the Myten (see below). Threading the Rindelfluh Tunnel (220 yds.) and several rock-cuttings, we reach — 21 M. Arth-Goldau (1845' ; Hotel Central; Hotel Hof Ooldau, R. 2, B. 1 fr.; Restaurant Bellevue^ all three near the station ; *Rdssli, unpretending, R. 1^/2, B. 1, D. 2 fr.), also a station on the Arth- Rigi Railway (p. 96), and the junction for Einsiedeln and Wddens- weil (p. 108). The station is situated on the scene of the great Goldau Landslip, which occurred on Sept. 2nd, 1806. This land- slip, which descended from the Gnippen (5127'), the W. summit of the Rossberg (p. 108), buried four villages with 457 of their inhabitants. The railway traverses part of this scene of desolation, which extends a considerable way up the Rigi. Time has covered the fragments of rock with moss and other vegetation, and pictur- esque pools of stagnant water have been formed between them at places. The track of the landslip may be distinctly traced on the side of the Rossberg, which is still entirely barren. On the slope to the left lie the houses of Steinerherg (p. 108) ; on the right, high above, is the Curhaus Rigi-Scheidegg (p. 100). The train skirts the pretty Lowerzer See (1475'; 3 M. long). To the right lies the village of Lowerz (Pens. Biicheler-Peter, 4V2-5 fr.), and in the middle of the lake the island of Schwanau with Its ruined castle, a chapel, and a fisherman's house (Inn; boat from Lowerz or Seewen in 25 min.). — 241/2 M. Steinen (1540'; *Rdssli), a con- siderable village in a fertile situation, the traditional birthplace of Werner Stauffacher (p. 92). On the supposed site of his house stands the Chapel of the Holy Rood with new frescoes by Ferd. Wagner of Munich. The train crosses the Steinen-Aa to — 26 M. Schwyz-Seewen (1500'; *H6t.-Pens. Schwyzerhof ; Rail- way Inn, both at the station). The village of Seewen (*R6ssli, R., L., & A. 11/2-2, B. 1, D. 3, pens. 6-8 fr. ; *Stern, R., L., & A. i% D. 2, pens. 41/2-5 fr.; *Pens. Seehof), to the W. of the line, at the foot of the E. spur of the Rigi, has a chalybeate bath which attracts visitors. About 1 M. to theE. lies Schwyz (1685'; pop. 6663; *Rdssli 110 II. Route 32. ALTDORF. From Lucerne R., L., &A. 2-21/2, D- with wine 3, pens. 5V2-6V2 fr. ; *H6teLHedi- ger, same charges; Cafe Central, near the church, with garden), a straggling town, lying picturesquely at the base and on the slopes of the Little Myten (5955') with its two peaks, and the Great My ten (6245'). The Parish Church (1774) is considered one of the hand- somest in Switzerland. The Town Hall, restored in 1891 and em- hellished on the exterior with frescoes from Swiss history by Ferd. Wagner of Munich, contains portraits of 43 'landammanns^ (mag- istrates) from 1534 downwards, and an old carved ceiling. The large Jesuit Monastery, above the town, is now a grammar-school. The *Great Myten (6245' ; 872 brs. -, guide 6 fr. , unnecessary for the experienced ; horse to the Holzegg 8-10 fr.), ascended without difficulty by a new path, is a magnificent point of view, hardly inferior to the Rigi and Pilatus. Road from Schwyz to (1 M.) ^ic^en6acA'(Bellevue; Stern, pens. 4fr.); bridle-path thence to the l2hTS.) ITolzegg (4642'; small Inn), which may also be reached by a direct path from Schwyz via the ffolle and the pastures of JIasli and Holz (guide desirable). — From Brunnen (p. 90; diligence to Schwyz five times daily, 80 c.) by Ibach &nd {3 'M.) Eickenbach to the Holzegg in 3 hrs., Schwyz remaining on the left. — Good path from Einsiedeln by Alpthal to the Holzegg in 23/4 hrs. — From the Holzegg the new Myten path (railings at the steepest parts) ascends in 49 zigzags on the E. side of the mountain, and then follows the narrow arete to the (IV4 hr.) summit (*Inn, plain, 10 beds). Good panorama by A. Heim. — The ascent of the Little Myten (5955') is difficult •, view inferior to that from the Great Myten. An interesting walk may be taken from Schwyz to the Suvoroff Bridge in the Muota-Thal , returning via Ober-Schonenbuch (2 hrs. in all); comp. p. 72. We now turn to the S. (on the left the Fronalpstock with the Curhaus Stoos far above us, p. 91), cross the Muota nesx Ingenbohl, passing the large nunnery of Mariahilf, and reach — 287-2 M. Brunnen (1445'; p. 90), the most frequented spot (after Lucerne) on the Lake of Lucerne. (Station 1/2 M. from the lake.) Passing through a tunnel under the Giitsch and the Axen- strasse (p. 92), the train now reaches the *Lake of TJri, or S.E. bay of the Lake of Lucerne (p. 91), and is carried along its bank by a series of tunnels and rock- cuttings. Splendid views of the lake to the right. High above it, on the opposite bank, lie the houses of Seelisberg , at the foot of which are the Mytenstein and Riltli (p. 91); and farther to the left towers the Vri-Rothstock with its glacier (p. 93). We pass through the Hochfluh Tunnel, the St. Franciscus Tunnel, and the Oelberg or Schiefernegg Tunnel (2169 yds.), the longest but one on the line. — 321/2 M. Sisikon, at the mouth of the narrow Riemenstalden-Thal (p. 92). Crossing the Axenstrasse, we traverse theStutzeck Tunnel (1082 yds.) and others, passing Tell's Platte (chapel not visible ; p. 92) , the Axenberg (3670' long), and the Sulzeck. 36 M. Fliielen (1435'; Rail. Restaurant') ; see p. 92. Omnibus to Altdorf 50 c. We now ascend the lower Reussthal, with the Bmfensfocfc (p. 112) in the background, and the two Windgdllen (p. 123) to the left of it. 38 M. Altdorf, or Altorf (^UQb' ; pop. 2553; ^Schliissel, R., L., to Bellinzona. ERSTFELD. II. Route 32. Ill & A.. 11/2-3, B. 11/4, D. 21/2-3, pens. 5-7, omn. V2-I fr.; *Ldive, moderate; Krone; Bar; *Tell, with garden, pens. 4-5 fr. ; Edtelde la Gare, at the station, R. 1-2 fr.), the capital of Canton Uri, 1 M. from the station, lies in a fertile valley surrounded by mountains. This pleasant little town is the traditional scene of the exploits of William Tell, the liberator of Switzerland from the Austrian yoke. A bronze statue of the intrepid archer, with the child by his side, from Kissling's model, was erected in 1895 to the N.W. of the tower (dating from the 13th cent.) in the principal 'Platz' of the village. Opposite is a fountain with the statue of a village magistrate. The Church contains a Madonna in relief, by Imhof. The Capuchin Mon- astery^ above the church, and the neighbouring Pavilion Waldeck command beautiful views. (Ascent near the tower, or from below Toll's statue.) Above the monastery lies the Bannwald, a 'sacred grove', in which the woodman's axe is proscribed, as it protects Alt- dorf from faUing rocks (see Schiller's Tell, Act iii, Scene 3). To the right, beyond the town, is a Nunnery, to the left the Arsenal ; then, about 1 M. to the left, the village of Biirglen (1805'; Tell, pens. 4'/2-5fr.), prettily situated on a height at the entrance to the Schdchen- Thal (p. 72), the traditional birthplace of Tell. The supposed site of his house is marked by a Chapel, erected in 1522, and adorned with paint- ings of his exploits. Through the Schachen-Thal and over the Klausen to (28 M.) Stachelberg, seeR. 20. A glimpse at the Schachen-Thal is best obtained by ascending from Weiterschwanden or Spiringen (p. 72) in about I1/2 hr. to one of the farm- houses in the Kessel (4505'), which afford a most picturesque survey of the grand head of the valley (Scheerhorn, Griesgletscher, Kammlistock, and Claridenstock) , with beautiful fresh pastures and dark pine-forest in the foreground. — The Rossstock (8080' ; 5 hrs. j guide :12fr.), a splendid point of view, is ascended without difficulty by experts from Biirglen, via the Mettenthal-Alp. Descent, if preferred, through the Riemenstalden-Thal to Sisikon (p. 92). — Belmistock or Belmeten (IQSS'), from Altdorf in 51/2 hrs. (guide 8 fr.), also interesting. The train now crosses the wild Schdchenbach in its artificial bed, near its confluence with the Reuss. From among fruit-trees to the left peeps the church of Schattorf. To the right, beyond the Reuss, we observe the church -tower and the ruined castle of Atting- hausen, in which the Baron Werner of Attinghausen, one of the characters in Schiller's TeU, is said to have died in 1307 (*Inn at the foot of the castle-hill). The background of the valley towards the S. is formed by the pyramidal Bristenstock (p. 112); to the right rise the bold precipices of the Gitschen (8335') and the Bockli (6810'); to the left the Schwarzgrat (GQSQ''), Belmistock (7933''}, Hohe Faulen (8260'), and lastly the two Windgdllen (Grosse, or Kalkstock, 10,463'; Kleine, or Sewelistock, 9800'). 411/2 M. Erstfeld (1503'; EofErstfeld, Hot. Bahnhof, both at the station, unpretending), a large railway-depot, where the ascent begins and a heavier locomotive is attached to the train. The village lies on the opposite bank of the Reuss, at the mouth of the Erst- felder-Thal, above which peep the jagged Spannorter and iheSchloss- berg (10,280'; p. 131), with its strangely contorted glacier. 112 11. Route 32. AMSTEG. From Lucerne The Erstfelder-Thal (comp. Map, p. 126) extends to the S.W. to the Glattenfim. At the head of the valley are two Alpine lakes, the gloomy Faulensee, V2 lir. from the glacier, and the Obersee (6463'), 1/2 hr. farther to the S. Ahove the Faulensee, 31/2 hrs. from Erstfeld, is the Kronte-HUtte of the Swiss Alpine Club, whence the Kronie or Kronlet (10,197') may be ascended by the Weissen Flatten and the Glattenfirn in 4'/2 hrs. (guide from Erstfeld 20"fr.), and the Great Spamiort (10,515') in 5 hrs. (guide 25 fr.). The Favlenbach, which flows out of the Obersee, forms a beautiful fall. Fatiguing passes lead hence to the W. over the Schlossberg - Liicke (8635'; guide 25 fr.) and over the Spannori-Joch (9610' ^ guide 35 fr.) to (6V2 hrs.) Engelberg (comp. p. 130) ^ also to the S. over the Leidensee Pass (7695') to the Leuischach-Thal and (7-8 hrs.) InscM (see below). Guide, Gebhard Piintener of Erstfeld. From Erstfeld or Altdorf over the Surenen Pass to (8V2 hrs.) Engelberg (guide 20 fr.), see p. 131. The Reussthal narrows, and tlie train begins to ascend on the right bank. 45 M. Stat. Amsteg [1795'), aiboveSilenen, a village in the midst of fruit-trees. Near the station, on a rocky hill to the right, are the ruins of Zwing-Vri^ the traditional castle of Gessler (rooms in the adjoining house). About 1 M. farther on lies the village of Amsteg (1760'; "'Stern or Post, E. IV2-2V3, D. 3, pens. 5-7 fr.; ^Hirsch; *Weisses Kreuz; ^Engel; Freihof , R. 1V2-2, B. 1, pens. 4-6 fr.), prettily situated at the mouth of the Maderaner-Thal, from which the Kdrstelenbach descends to the Reuss. 'Madeeaneb-Thal (bridle-path in 31/4 hrs. to the Hotel Alpenclub), see R. 34. — Over the Kreuzli Pass or the Brunni Pass to Disentis and over the Clariden Pass to Siachelberg, see p. 124. The Bristenstock (10,090'), ascended from Amsteg in 7-8 hrs. by the Bristenstafeli (5000') and the Blacki-Alp (613S') and past the small Bristen-Seeli (7090'), afibrds a grand panorama, but is very fatiguing (guide 25 fr.). Descent to iheEtzUthal or Fellithal difficult. — Oberalpstock (10,925'), Kleine and Grosse Windgalle (9S0O' and 10,463'), etc., see p. 123. — The Hohe Faulen (8260'), ascended from Silenen in 5 hrs. (guide 10 fr.) through the Evithal and over the Strengmatt^ Pihonen. and Balmeten Alps, is attractive and not difficult. The St. Gotthard Road from Amsteg to Goschenen (comp. Map, p. 126) should be traversed on foot (or in an open carriage), both for the sake of the scenery and for the opportunity it afibrds of examining the interesting railway. It crosses the Karstelenbach and then the Reuss by a bridge of two arches. To the left runs the railway; below us the Reuss dashes through its deep ravine, forming a succession of waterfalls. In the early summer huge masses of avalanche-snow, looking like earth or detritus, are seen in the gorges. Beyond (I3/4 M.) Inschi (2168'; Lamm) we pass a fall of the Inschi- Alpbach. From Inschi a visit may be paid to the picturesque Leutschach- Thai (to the Obernsee, at the foot of the Mdnntliser, 31/2 hrs.; hence over the Leidensee Pass to the Erstfelder-Thal , see above). — A second bridge carries the road back to the right bank of the Reuss (the railway remaining on the left bank), on which lies (I1/2 M.) Meitschlingen , with a chapel. About 1/2 M. farther on we cross the Fellibach. (Through the narrow Felli-Thal or Fellenen-Thal, which abounds in crystals, the Oberalp-See may be reached by the Felli-Lucke in 6 hrs.; p. 375.) On the hill opposite stands the hamlet of Gurtnellen (3048'). Beyond the village of Wpler is (3 M.) a third bridge (2660'), called the PfaJJ'erisprung, by which the road recrosses to the left bank. The first of the curved tunnels of the railway begins here (p. 113). Far below, the river dashes through a narrow gorge. View beautiful in both directions. The road crosses the turbulent Meien- Retiss (p. 133) shortly before reaching (IV2 M.) Wasen (p. 113). To the right are the three railway-bridges. A path to the right, 50 yds. beyond the bridge, cuts ofi" the windings of the road which ascends to the loftily situated church. r">^ 1 '» 1^ S7£sUnJ. "TCddiSt- TT TeartCJ. .J . ^^atz Win"" ■'^*~- A'' a' L «?Z U)ind. 4:, pens. 7-8 fr.; *H6f. Lombardi, '^Hot. Airolo, R. & A. 2V2 fr., *Hdt. desAlpes, Hot. Rossi, R. from 2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 7 fr., all these near the station ; *-Rail, Restaurant), in the upper valley of the Ticino {Valle Leventina, p. 116), the first Italian-Swiss village, rebuilt since a fire in 1877. The scenery retains its Alpine character until near Faido. To the W. is the imposing Pizzo Ro- tondo group. Excursions (guides, Clem. Dotta and Basil Jori of Airolo). From Airolo to the picturesque Stalvedro Gorge (p. 116), 20 min. ; to the Lom- ba)'d Tower, 35 minutes. — Pizzo Botondo (10,490'), the highest peak of the St. Gotthard, may be ascended from Airolo in 8-9 hrs. (difficult, for ex- perts only; guide 40 fr.). Drive or walk in the afternoon to (3 hrs.) AWAcqua in Val Bedretto (p. 315; Inn), where the night is spent; steep ascent thence over grassy slopes, debris, and snow-fields to the (3v2 hrs.) Passo Rotondo (9515')) whence the rocky summit is reached in IV2-2 hrs. by a difficult climb up a steep snowy couloir (foot-irons desirable) and over loose stones. The '^View is extremely grand and picturesque (comp. p. 121). to Bellinzona. VAL PIORA. II. Route 32. 115 Passes. To the St. Gotthard, see p. 118 (rich Alpine flora as far as the Tremola gorge). — Through the Val Bedretto and over the Nufenen Pass to the Valais^ see p. 315; over the S. Giacomo Pass (7572') to the Falls of the Tosa , see p. 320. Through the Val Canaria and over the Unteralp Pass (8303') to Andermatt (8 hrs.), fatiguing; the ascent very steep. Over the Boccu di Cadlimo (8337') to S. Maria (p. 376) in 8 hrs., attractive. — By the Passo Bornengo to Val Maigels^ see p. 374. Over the Sassello Pass to Val Maggia^ see p. 443. — To Val Maggia over the Passo dei Sassi (ca. 8200'), interesting, but tit for steady climbers only (to Fusio Shrs.). From Airolo past the hamlet of Nante and the (2 hrs.) Alp Pisciuin (5ti30') to (^/t hr.) Comaschne (6-34') and along precipitous rocky slopes, vphere the path entirely disappears, to the (2V4 hrs.) pass, betv/een the Foncione di Vespero and Poncione di Mezzod'i , with fine retrospective view of the St. Gotthard mountains. Descent across steep grassy slopes (plenty of edelweiss) into the Val Maggia, to (2 hrs.) Corte and (3/4 hr.) Fusio (p. 443). Fkom Aikolo to Disentis thkodgh the Val Piora (10 hrs., guide, unnecessary, to Piora 6, to S. Maria 10 fr. ; porter, at the Hotel Lombard! at Airolo, 15 c. per kilogramme up to Piora, 10 c. down; horse to Piora, 3 hrs., 15 fr.). Descending the St. Gotthard road for 3/4 M., we cross the Canaria to the left, and ascend to (20 min.) Madrano (4110'). After 1/4 lir. more the path ascends to the left to (20 min.) Brugnasco (4548'). It then runs at nearly the same level, overlooking the picturesque valley of the Ticino, and afterwards through wood. From (2/4 hr.) Alianca (4567'; Inn) we ascend to the left in zigzags past a small chapel to the (40 min.) Alp in Valle (a spring by the wayside). The rock below it bears a very ancient inscription. In the gorge to the right the Fossbach forms several pic- turesque waterfalls. Fine retrospect of the mountains of Ticino. We next cross a rocky saddle to the (1/2 hr.) sequestered Lake Ritom (60(X)'), on a hill to the left of which is the -Hotel Piora (R, 2, B. 1, D. 4, pens. 7-9 fr.), a health-resort, suitable for a stay. Pine-woods close to the hotel ; great variety of geological formations and of plants. Pleasant walks in the vicin- ity ; in secluded basins lie six small lakes, and there are four others just beyond the ridges in the direction of the Val Cadlimo. Delightful view of 'the lake, the Ticino valley, etc., from the Bella Vista (1/4 hr.)-, a more extensive prospect is enjoyed from Fongio (7257'), 1 hr. farther on (skirt the hillside to the W.), and from the Cima di Camoghh (7740'; 1^/4 hr.). — -Taneda (8760'), an easy ascent of 272 hrs., past Lalce Tom to the ridge separating Val Piora from Val Cadlimo, between Taueda and Punta Nera, where we keep to the right to the broad summit. The splendid view com- mands the Val Piora, the Val Bedretto, and the Alps of Valais, Bern, Lri, Ticino, and the Giisons. — Other interesting points near Val Piora Pre the Punta Neva (8925' ; 23/4 hrs.), Corandoni (8733'; 3 hrs.). Piz delV Uomo (9020'; 31/2 hrs.). Pizza Lucomagno (9115'; 5 hrs.), and -Piz Bias (9920'; 5'/2 hrs.). — The path to S. Maria (33/4 hrs.; porter 7 fr.) leads round the lake, to the left. By the (20 min.) Eilom Chalets we ascend the slope to the left by a good path to the (20 min.) chapel of S. Carlo. Crossing the brook, and passing a cross on the right (leaving the small lake of Cadagno, with its chalets, to the left), we reach (1/4 hr.) the Alp Piora and (1/4 hr.) Murinascio, a group of huts. The path, indicated by crosses, leads straight on for 1/4 hr., and then ascends to the left. Farther on it always bears to the left. [The last huts of Piano de" Porci lie to the right, below us. Persons bound for Olivone may from this point cross direct by the Passo Columbe (7792'), between the Scai and Piz Columbe, to the Casaccia hospice; p. 376.] V\''e ascend the secluded Val Termine, with the Piz delV Uomo (9020') on the left, to the (3/4 hr.) summit of the TJomo Pass (7257'; 10 min. before reaching which we pass a good spring by a heap of stones), with its deserted hut. Descent on the other side marshy at places. To the left, the Medeher Rhine descends from the Val Cadlimo in a copious waterfall. Before us, to the right, rises the Scopi, to the left in the distance the Todi chain. The (IV2 hr.) Hospice of St. Maria, see p. 376. ' Thence to Disentis, or across the Lukmanier to Olivone, see R. 94. Below Airolo the train crosses the Ticino , wMcli descends from 8* 116 II. Route 32. FAIDO. From Lucerne the Val Bedretto (p. 315), passes through the Stalvedro Tunnel (209 yds.), and enters the Stretto di Stalvedro. On the left hank of the Ticino the high-road runs through four rock-cnttings. The valley expands. 73 M. Ambri-Piotta (3250' ; Restaurant Soldini ; Brasserie Piotta). To the left lies Quinto. Beyond (76 M.) Eodi- Fiesso (3100'; Hotel Monte Piottlno') we come to one of the most curious parts of the line (comp. the map, p. 112). The Platifer (Monte Piottino) here projects into the valley from the N. ; the Ticino has forced its passage through the harrier, descending in a series of falls through a wild rocky gorge to a lower region of the valley, while the railway accomplishes the descent hy means of two circular tunnels. At Dazio Grande it crosses the Ticino (striking view down the valley), is carried through the Dazio Tunnel and the short Artoito Tunnel , and enters the Freggio Loop Tunnel (1712 yds.), from which it emerges into the Piottino Ravine, 118' lower down. It then recrosses the Ticino (fine scenery) , passes through the Monte Piottino and Pardorea tunnels , and descends 118' more hy means of the Prato Loop Tunnel (1711 yds.), heyond which opens the beautiful valley of Faido. Crossing the Ticino by the Polmengo Bridge, and beyond another tunnel, we reach — 81 M. Faido (2485' ; pop. 991 ; '^Eotel Faido, Eot.-Pens. Suisse, both at the station; *Angelo, R., L., & A. 3, B. Vj^, lunch 27-2, D. 31/2^ pens. 6-7 fr.; *H6t.-Pens. Fransioli, R., L., & A. 2, B. 1, lunch 2, D. 3, pens., incl. wine, 7fr. ; Hot.Vella; Restaurant Belgeri ; Birr aria Rosian), the capital oii\i.e, Lev entina, very picturesquely sit- uated, and frequented as a summer-resort. On the right the Piu- mogna descends to the Ticino in a fine waterfall. The Valle Leventina , or Valley of the Ticino , formerly belonged in common to the thirteen confederated cantons (with the exception of Appen- zell), and was governed in the most despotic manner by bailiffs, who purchased their appointment at auction. A revolt broke out in 1755, but was suppressed with the aid of the Swiss troops. The French put an end to this mode of government in 1798, and in 1814 the Congress of Vienna formed the Leventina and other Italian districts into the new canton of Tessin or Ticino. From Faido over the Predelp Pass to the Lukrnatiier, see p. 376; over the Campolungo Pass to the Val Maggia, see p. 443. The train now carries us through beautiful scenery, richly wood- ed with walnut and chestnut trees, on the left bank of the Ticino ; the numerous campanili in the Italian style, crowning the hills, have a very picturesque effect. To the right lies Chiggiogna, with an old church. From the cliffs on both sides fall several cascades, the veil- like fall of the Cribiasca on the right, near (85Y.2M.) Lavorgo (2025'), being the finest. Huge masses of rock lie scattered about, inter- spersed with fine chestnut-trees. Below Lavorgo the Ticino forces its way through the picturesque Biaschina Kavine to a lower region of the valley, and forms a fine waterfall, while the railway descends about 300' on the left bank by means of two loop-tunnels, one be- low the other in corkscrew fashion. We pass through the La Lume to Bellinzona. BIASCA. IL Route 32. 117 Tunnel, cross the PmnofondoFmdwcf (114 yds. long), and then enter the Pianotondo Loop Tunnel (1643 yds.; descent of 115'). Next follow the short Tourniquet Tunnel, the Travi Viaduct, and the Travi Loop Tunnel (1706 yds. ; descent of 118'), from -which we emerge upon the floor of the lower Valle Leventina. Crossing the Ticino, we next reach — 90 M. Giomico (1480'). The large village (1295' ; Posta, Cervo, both well spoken of), picturesquely situated among vineyards on the left bank, 11/4 M. to the S., has an old Lombard tower and remains of fortifications near the church of S. Maria di Castello. The early Romanesque church of S. Niccolb da Mira is said to occupy the site of a heathen temple. Below Giornico the train crosses the Ticino by a bridge 132 yds. long. On the right is the pretty fall of the Cramosina. — 94 M. Bodio (1090'). Beyond PoUeggio (Corona) the Brenno descends from the Val Blenio (p. 377) on the left, and is crossed by two bridges. The valley of the Ticino now expands and takes the name of Riviera down to the mouth of the Moesa. Luxuriant vines, chestnuts, walnuts, mulberries, and fig-trees now remind the traveller of his proximity to 'the garden of the earth, fair Italy'. The vines extend their dense foliage over wooden trellis-work supported by stone pillars, 6-10' in height. 98 M. Eiasca (970'; Rail. Restaurant; in the village, V2 M. to the N., Union ^ Poste, unpretending), with an old Romanesque church on a hill (1112'). A series of oratories near the station as- cends to the Petronilla Chapel, near which is a pretty waterfall. — To Olivone, and over the Lukmanier to Disentis, see R. 94. The train skirts the base of the richly clothed E. slopes of the valley, which is very hot and dusty in summer, and traverses two tunnels. 101 1/2 M. Osogna (870'; Posta) lies at the foot of an abrupt rock with a rounded summit. 105 M. Claro (830') lies at the base of the Pizzo di Claro (8920'), a beautiful mountain with luxuriant pastures, on the slope of which, on a projecting eminence to the left, stands the monastery of S. Maria (2074'). Beyond (107^/2 M.) Castione (800') we pass the mouth of the Val Mesoceo (p. 387) and cross the Moesa. To the left lies Arhedo (p. 387). We pass through a short tunnel and approach Bellinzona, vnth its three old castles. 109 M. Bellinzona (760'), see p. 433. From Bellinzona to Lugano and Como, see p. 434 ; to Locarno, see p. 440; to Laveno, see p. 443. 33. From Goschenen to Airolo over the St. Gotthard. 22 M. Diligence from Goschenen to Andermatt twice daily in 1 hr, (fare 1 fr. 40, coupe 1 fr. TO c); to Hospenthal twice in IVs-l'A hr. (2 fr. 10 or 2 fr. 55 c). No diligence from Hospenthal over the St. Gotthard. Omni- buses from the Goschenen station to the Andermatt (I-IV2 fr.) and Hospen- thal hotels (2 fr.). Caeriage and pair from Goschenen to Andermatt or Hospenthal 10, to the Hospice 35, to Airolo 60 fr. ; from Andermatt to the Hospice 30, to Airolo 50 fr. ; from Hospenthal to the Hospice 25 (there lis II. Route 33. SCHOLLENEN. From Goschenen and back 30 fr.), to Airolo 45 fr. Carriage with one horse from Goschenen to Andermatt or Hospenthal 6 fr. ; from Hospentbal to the Hospice 15 (there and hack 25 fr.), to Airolo 25 fr. Driver's fee, 10 per cent of the fare. The St. Gotthard was probably the most frequented of the Alpine passes down to the beginning of this century, but being crossed by a bridle-path only it was gradually deserted for the new roads over the Sim- plon, the Spliigen, and the Bernardino. In 1820-32 the cantons of Uri and Ticino constructed the carriage-road, which for half-a-century was the scene of busy traffic ; but since the completion of the railway it has again become deserted. Travellers will, however, be repaid by a drive in an open carriage or a walk over the pass. On foot from Goschenen to Ander- matt 1 hr. lOmin.; thence to Hospenthal, 3/4 hr. ; thence to the Hospice, 21/4 hrs. ; and thence to Airolo, 23/4 brs. or by footpaths, 1^/4 hr. Those whose chief object is to make excursions from the Hospice will reach it more quickly from Airolo than from Goschenen (telephone). Goschenen or Geschenen (3640'), on the St. Gotthard Railway, see p. 114. The Goschenen-Thal (3 hrs. to the Goschener-Alp ; guide unnecessary) deserves a visit. A good path leads by Ahfrutt to (IV4 hr.) Wicki (4350'), where the Voralp-Thal opens to the right (see below); then by St. Niklaus and ihe Brindlislaffel (5043') to the (13/4 hr.) Goschener-Alp (6040'; *H6tel Dammagletscher), grandly situated. To the W. descends the beautiful Dam- ma firn from the Winterherg range (which culminate? in the Dammastock and Rhonesiock); and 1 hr. farther up the valley the Goschenen -Reuss issues from the Kehle Glacier, imbedded between the Winterberg and Stein- berg. — A toilsome but very interesting path (672-T hrs., giiide 15 fr.) leads from the Goschenen-Alp over the Alpligen Glacier and the Alpligen- Liicke (9110'), between the Lochherg and Sjntzberg (p. 125), to Realp (p. 125). The '-Lochberg (10,130'), which affords a splendid view of the Galenstock and St. Gotthard groups, etc., is easily ascended in 3/4 hr. from the pass. — Several difficult passes, fit for experts only, cross from the Goschener-Alp to the Rhone and Trift Glaciers (PFtw^erioc^, Damma Pass, Maasplank-Joch; comp. p. 137). Over the Susten-Limmi (10,180') or the Thierherg-Limmi (about 10,500') to the Steinalp, 9 hrs., laborious (see p. 137). — Ascent of the Fleekiatock (^Spitzliberg , 11,215'; 7-8 hr.«., guide 35 fr.) for experts only, difficult. We ascend from Wicki (see above) through the Voralp-Thal, past the chalets of Hornfeli, Bodmen, and Flachenstein to the (2i/2hrs.) Voralp-Thal Hut of the Swiss Alpine Club (6SeO'), finely situated at the foot of the Wallenhiihlflrn; thence we mount to the right to the Fliih en (78740, and over loose stones and steep rocks to the summit (5 hrs. from the club-hut). Over the Wallenhiihlfirn and the Susten-Joch (8717') to the Meien-Thal, with descent io fhe Kalcfdhal (p. 138), steep and difficult; fine view from the Joch. Ahove the Goschenen station the *St. Gotthard Road crosses the Reuss by the Vordere, or Hdderli-Brucke [3720'}. On the left are the railway-bridge and the N. end of the great tunnel. Here, 1/4 M. beyond Goschenen , begins the sombre rocky defile of the *Sch611enen (2^/2 M- long), bounded by lofty and almost perpendic- ular granite rocks, at the base of which dashes the Reuss. The road ascends by numerous windings, most of which may be cut off by footpaths or the old bridle-path passing the dilapidatedian^e Brucfce (a little above are the Goschenen water-works, with a considerable waterfall), and crossing the (1 M.) Sprengibriick (4048'). The road in the SchoUenen is much exposed to avalanches, and at one of the most dangerous points is protected by a gallery, 60yds. long, at the farther end of which is the bull's head of Uri. The road next crosses (3 M. from Goschenen) the (1 1/0 M.) *Devil's •*'&-; '^'fr ''i^'^vit*! js^: jumftn V_> to Airolo. ANDERMATT. II. Route 33. 119 Bridge [Teufelsbriicke, 4593'), amidst wild and grand rocky scenery. The Reuss here falls into an abyss 100' below, bedewing the bridge with its spray. The wind (aptly called 'Hutschelm', or 'hat-rogue', by the natives) sometimes comes down the gorge in violent gusts, and endangers the hats of the unwary. The new bridge, built of gran- ite in 1830, has a single arch of 26' span. The old bridge, 20' below, was carried away by a flood in 1888. Bloody contests took place here in Aug. and Sept., 1799, between the French on the one side and the Austrians and Russians under Suvoroff on the other, the former being compelled to retreat to the Lake of Lucerne. Beyond the Devil's Bridge (cabaret; good collection of St. Gott- hard minerals) the road winds upwards, passing a chapel and a new fort (see below), to the (1/4 M.) Timer Loch (4642'), a tunnel 70 yds. long cut through the rock in 1707, originally broad enough for a bridle-path only. Both above and below the Urner Loch, as well as at Andermatt and Hospenthal, strong fortifications have recently been erected ; while new roads have been made from the Devil's Bridge to the Bdzherg and from the Oberalp to the top of the Musch, two points commanding fine views. The Valley of TJrseren , upon which the road emerges from the dark Urner Loch , presents a striking contrast to the wild region just traversed. This peaceful valley (p. 125), with its green pastures watered by the Reuss, is about 8 M. in length and V2~l ^- i" breadth, and is surrounded by lofty and barren mountains partially covered with snow. Corn grows here but scantily, and trees are scarce. Winter lasts nearly eight months, and during the short summer fires are often necessary. — 3/^ M. — 4 M. Andermatt. — Hotels: *H6t.-Pens. Bellevde, a large bouse, in an open situation, 1/4 M. from the village, R., L., & A. from 5, B. IV2, lunch 31/2, D- 5 fr. ; adjacent, Hotel-Restaorant du Touriste, moderate; opposite, Hot. -Pens. Nager, small; '''Grand Hotel Andermatt, at the upper end of the village, R., L., & A. 31/2, B. IV2, lunch 3, D. 4 fr. ; -Hot. -Pens. Oberalp, R. from 11/2, pens, from 6 fr. ; -'St. Gotthard, R., L., & A. 2V2-31/2, D. 4, pens. 6-9 fr.; *H6t. des Trois Rois, R., L., & A. 2, B. I1/4, D. 21/2, pens. 7 fr. ; *Couronne, R., L., & A. 2-21/2, B. 1, lunch 21/2, D- 3, pens. 6-7 fr. ; Sonne. — English Church. Andermatt (4738'; pop. 711), or TJrseren, Ital. Orsera, U/4 M. from the Devil's Bridge , the principal village in the valley, is a winter-resort of invalids. Adjoining the church is a charnel-house adorned with skulls bearing inscriptions. At the exit of the Urner Loch, beside the cliffs to the left, is a much older church said to date from the time of the Lombards (recently restored and embel- lished with ceiling-frescoes representing the spread of Christianity in the Urseren valley). The Mariahilf Chapel affords a good survey : to the W. rises the barren grey Bazberg, in the background the Furka with its inn , to the left the Muttenhorn ; a few paces beyond the chapel, the Six-Madun or Badus (p. 120) is visible; to the E., in long zigzags, ascends the road over the Oberalp (p. 375). St. Gott- hard minerals sold by Frau Meyer-Midler. 120 II. Route 33. HOSPENTHAL. From Obschenen ExcDKSioNS. To the Stock, or Stockle (8070'), 3 hrs. (guide unnecessary for experts), by the Oberalp road and the Gi'ossboden-Alp, easy and interest- ing (descent past the Lautersee to the Oberalpsee Hotel., p. 375). — The Badus or Six-Madun (9615'), the huge outpost of the Alps of the Grisons , is ascended from Andermatt in 41/2-5 hrs. (toilsome; guide 15fr. ; better from Tschamut, p. 374). The summit, which consists of blocks of gneiss, com- mands numberless peaks of the Alps of the Grisons, Bern, and the Valais, and the whole of the Vorder-Rheinthal. The descent may be made to the Toma See in the valley of the Rhine (to Sedrun, 4 hrs., comp. p. 374). — The Gurschenstock (9423'; 4 hrs. ; guide 15 fr.) and Gamsstock (9728'; 41/2 hrs.; guide 12 fr.) are also fine points of view (guide necessary). From Andermatt over the Oberalp to Coire, see R. 93; over the Furka to the Rhone Glacier., see R. 35 ; over the Unteralp Pass to Airolo (8 hrs.), see p. 115. Between Andermatt and Hospenthal we observe the Glacier of St. Anna, high above the brow of the monntain to the left. 51/2 M. Hospenthal (4800' ; *Meyerhof, R., L., & A. 2-4, B. 1 1/2, lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 7-10 fr. ; *Goldner Lowe, with restaurant, li., L., & A. 2V2, B- 1V4» ^' 3-4, pens, from 6 fr.5 Post; Schdfli, un- pretending) was formerly the seat of the barons of Hospenthal , of whose castle the ancient tower on the hill is a relic. Eng. Ch. Service in summer. The Furka Road (R. 35} diverges to the right beyond the village. The St. Gotthard road ascends in numerous windings through a bleak valley, on the left bank of that branch of the Reuss which descends from the Lake of Lucendro (see below). A short-cut di- verges to the left by the second house beyond the Reuss bridge. Pleasant retrospects of the Urseren-Thal and the jagged peaks of the Spitzberge (p. 125), as far as the Galenstock to the W. To the left of the bleak (3 M.) Gamsboden opens the abrupt Guspis-Thal, at the head of which are the Guspis Glacier and the Pizzo Centrale (p. 121). At a bend in the road (8/4 M.) is the first Cantoniera [5876'5 closed), at the foot of the Winterhorn or Piz Orsino (8747'). The road enters Canton Ticino, passes the dilapidated second Can- toniera, and crosses the Reuss for the last time, near its outflow from the Lake of Lucendro (to the right; not visible), by the (3 M.) Ro- dont Bridge (6620'). To the *Lake of Lucendro (6835') a digression of 1/2 hr. only. The path diverges below the Rodont Bridge (on the left bank), leads over masses of rock to the (1/4 hr.) beautiful green lake, environed with snow-peaks and glaciers , and skirts its N. bank. To the S. rises Piz Lucendro (9708'), to the W. the Ywerberhorner (9265'), Piz delV Uomo (8820'), etc. — The path crosses the Reuss at its exit from the lake, and rejoins the St. Gott- hard road near the top of the pass. On the (1 M.) Pass of St. Gotthard (6935') the road passes between several small lakes. The St. Gotthakd is a mountain- group, 160 sq. M. in area, with a number of different peaks, extensive glaciers, and about thirty small lakes. The pass is a barren depression, destitute of view, bounded on the E. by the precipitous Sasso di S. Gottardo (8235'), and on the W. by the rocks of the Fibbia (8995') and the Pizzo la Valletta (8334'). The chief peaks of the St. Gotthard are: E., the Prosa (8983') and P. Centrale (9S50'; p. 121); W., the Piz Lucendro (9708'), Yicerberhovn (9265'), Piz delV Uoino (8820'), and Winter- horn or Piz Orsino (8747') ; then, more to the W., the Leckihorn (10,070'), toAirolo. ST. GOTTHARD. II. Route 33. 121 Muttenhorn (10,184'), Pizzo Pesciora (10,250'), Pizzo Rotondo (10,490'), Kuh- bodenhorn (10,080'), etc. 133/4 M. Albergo del S. Gottardo (6867'), 1/4 M. to the S. of the culminating point, is a 'dependance' of the Hotel du MontProsa which stands opposite (telephone to Airolo). The latter is adjoined by the former Hospice. On a rock a little to the S. is the old Mortuary Chapel. Excursions (guides for the shorter ascents at the hotel). To the Sorescia or Scara Orell (7350'), a pleasant excursion (1 hr.). We descend the road to the S. to the Ticino bridge, and beyond it ascend a narrow path to the left. Fine view, especially of the Ticino Alps, the Cristallina, Campo Tencia, Basodino, etc. Descent to the Sella valley unadvisable, there being no bridge over the Ticino. *Pizzo Centrale (9850' ; 81/2 hrs. ; guide 10 fr.), somewhat laborious but highly interesting. Beyond the hospice we cross the brook to the left, and ascend the slope of the Sasso San Gottardo over detritus to the entrance of the Sella Valley^ through which the route leads. To the left rises Mte. Prosa (see below). We skirt the slope high above the Sella Lake (7320') and ascend snow-fields to the base of the peak, which consists of crumbling hornblende. The -'View is one of striking magnificence, embracing almost all the highest mountains in Switzerland (panorama by A. Heim). The ascent may also be made from Hospenthal in about 5 hrs., via the Oams- boden and the Guspis-Thal (see p. 120). — Monte Prosa (8983'; 21/2 hrs.; guide 7 fr.), less interesting. By the hut above the Sella Lake (IV4 hr.) we diverge to the left from the Pizzo Centrale path, and ascend across poor pastures and patches of snow to the (3/4 hr.) saddle (8520') between the Prosa and Blauberg. Thence to the left, up the arete, and lastly over sharp rocks to ('/z hr.) the summit. The W. peak, 41' higher than the E., is separated from it by a chasm 20' deep. The Fibbia (8995'; 21/2 hrs.; guide 7 fr.), a gigantic rock which com- mands the St. Gotthard road on the W. and descends suddenly to the Val Tremola, is fatiguing. Excellent survey of the St. Gotthard group, the valley of the Ticino, and the Ticino Alps. — *Piz Lucendro (9708'; 3^2- 4 hrs. ; guide, 10 fr., unnecessary for the experienced), a fine point, free from difficulty. From the Lucendro Lake (p. 120) we ascend by the Lucendro Alp and the depression between the Ywerberhorner and the Pizzo la Valletta to the Lucendro Glacier and gradually mount to the rocky summit. — Leckihorn (10,070'), see below. — *Pizzo Rotondo (10,490'), the highest peak of the St. Gotthard, from the Hotel Prosa 7-8 hrs. (guide 30 fr.), difficult. We follow the Lecki Pass route (see below) past the Piz Lucendro to the Wyttenwasser Glacier, ascend to the left to the Wyttenwasser Pass (9365') and skirt the precipitous slopes of the Pizzo Rotondo to the Passo Rotondo (9692'), whence we climb to the left to the summit (p. 114). Passes. Over the Orsino Pass to Realp, not difficult (41/2 hrs. ; adepts need no guide). We ascend either from the Rodont Bridge (p. 120) across the stony Rodont Alp and past the Orsino Lake (7515'), or from the Lucendro Lake to the N.W. over grassy slopes, past the Orsirora Lake (8058'; to the left), to the Orsino Pass (about 8530'), S.W. of Piz Orsino (p. 120); striking view (S.) of the St. Gotthard group from the Furka to the Fibbia, (N.W.) of the Finsteraarhorn and Agassizhorn, and (N.) of the Galenstock and Dammastock range as far as the Sustenhorner and Titlis. Descent over the pastures of the Eisenmanns-Alp and through brushwood to Realp (p. 125). Over the Lecki Pass to the Fukka (10 hrs., guide 30 fr.), fatiguing, but repaying at places. From the Lucendro Lake to the Lucendro Glaciers see above; thence across the depression to the N. of Piz Lucendro (ascent highly recommended, see above) to the Wyttenwasser-Thal and the Cavanna Pass (p. 125). We then traverse the Wyttenwasser Glacier, pass the Hilhner- stock, and reach (51/2-6 hrs.) the Lecki Pass (9555'), lying to the N. of the Leckihorn (10,070'; easily ascended from the pass in 1/2 tir.). Descent across the Mutten Glacier, past the Muttenhorner ; then an ascent between the Thier- berg and Blauberg to the small Schwdrze Glacier, and down to the (31/2 hrs.) Furka Hotel (p. 126). — Or we may proceed from the Wyttenwasser Glacier 122 II. Route 3d. MADERANER-THAL. to the Wyttenvoasser Pass (9365') and the Passo Rotondo (p. 121) and thence descend to Air Acqua in Val Bedretto (p. 315; 10 hrs. from the Hotel Prosa, an interesting expedition for experienced mountaineers). From the Hospice to Airolo is a walk or drive of 2-272 ^^^- 5 in the reverse direction 3 hours. In winter and spring the snow- drifts on the roadside are often 30-40' high, and sometimes remain unmelted throughout the summer. Snow-storms and avalanches are most prevalent on the S. side. About V2 M. to the S.E., below the hospice, the road crosses that branch of the Ticino which issues from the Sella Lake (see p. 121), and enters the Val Tremola, a dismal valley into which avalanches often fall; it then descends past the Cantoniera S. Giuseppe (6010') in numerous windings, avoided by the old bridle-path. Rich Alpine flora. At the Cantoniera di Val Tremola (5564') the Val Tremola ends and the Valle Leventina (p. 116) begins. *View down to Quinto. To the right opens the Val Bedretto (p. 315), from which the main branch of the Ticino descends. 22M. Airolo (3755'), 81/2 M. from the St. Gotthard Pass, seep. 114. Travellers going from the St. Gotthard to the Val Bedretto need not descend to Airolo, but save an hour by leaving the road below the Can- toniera di Val Tremola (see above), at the angle of the first great bend in the direction of the Val Bedretto. The path descends to the right, and at Fontanel (p. 315) joins the road leading from Airolo to All' Acqua. 34. The Maderaner-Thal. Comp, Map^ p. 68. The *Maderaner-Thal, a picturesque valley about 12 M. in length, enclosed by lofty mountains (N., the Great and Little Windgdlle, the Gi^eai A-ai Little Euchei}, and the Scheerhorn ; S., the Bristenstock, Weitenalpstock, Oberalpsiock, and Diissistock), and watered by the turbulent Kdrstelenbach, is worthy of a visit. Bridle-path (shaded in the early morning) from Amsteg to the (31/4 hrs.) Hotel Alpencliib (3030' above Amsteg; porter 6, horse 12 fr., there and back within two days 24 fr.). Beautiful return- route via the Stafeln (p. 123), 6-7 hrs., practicable even for ladies. Amsteg (1760'), see p. 112. "We diverge from the St. Gotthard road on the left bank of the Kdrstelenbach and ascend by a good zigzag path, passing under the huge railway-bridge (p. 113; 178' high), to the St. Antons-Kapelle; then over gently sloping pastures, shaded with fruit-trees, to (50 min.) the hamlet of Bristen (2615'; Cafe Fedier, with garden, beyond the chapel, to the right). The path descends a little, crosses by (5 min.) an iron bridge to the right bank of the foaming Karstelenbach, and again ascends. After 7 min. we avoid a bridge to the right, leading to the narrow Etzlithal (see p. 124), in which, 1/4 hr. farther up, is a fine waterfall. After 20 min. the path recrosses to the left bank and leads to the (5 min.) houses Am Schattigen Berg. It then ascends rapidly to (40 min.) the top of the Lungenstutz (3600'; two small inns), and (8 min.) a cross com- manding a fine view. Passing through wood at places, we next cross the Griessenbach and the Staldenbach to (i/2lir.)the chalets oi Stossi (3904'). Crossing the Karstelenbach at a (5 min.) Saw-Mill, and MADERANER-THAL. II. Route 34. 123 passing the houses of Balmwald on the left, in 25 min. more v^e reach the Balmenegg (4790'; *H6tel zum Schweizer Alpenclub, R., L., & A. 3, D.4, pens. 8-10 fr.; Engl. Church Service). Fine view from the terrace on the W. side of the house. Pleasant wood- walks in the vicinity. Ahout 1/2 M. from the hotel is the small ButzU-See. To the Hiifi Glacier, an interesting walk (1 hr., guide unnecessary). From the inn a path, at first through wood, ascends the grassy slopes on the N. side of the valley (passing opposite the falls of the Brunni- hach^ the Stduberbach ^ and the Ldmmei^bach) , crosses the Schleierbachy the Seideiibach, and the MilchMche, and ascends to (1 hr.) a rocky height (5230'), overlooking the glacier (which has greatly receded), from which the Karstelenbach issues. We may now descend to the end of the glacier (guide necessary, 3-4 fr.) and return to the hotel on the left bank of the Karstelenbach, passing the waterfalls above mentioned, and crossing the Alp Gufern (3-4 hrs. in all). Beautiful return -route to Amsteg by the *StafeIn (6-7 hrs. ; guide 8 fr.), the lofty pastures on the N. side of the valley. The path first leads to the above-mentioned rock overlooking the Hiifi Glacier (1 hr.), and then ascends to the (1 hr.) Alp Gnof (6235'), the (3/4 hr.) Stdfel-Alpen (6280'), and the (1/4 hr.) Alp Bernetsmatt (6553' ; Alpine fare and accommodation), commanding a magnificent view of the Hiifi Glacier, Clariden Pass, Diissistock, Tschingel Glacier, Oberalpstock, Weitenalpstock , Crispalt, Bristenstock, Ga- lenstock, Spitzliberg, the Windgallen , and Ruchen. [A still finer view, especially of the conspicuous Windgallen, is commanded by the * Widderegg (7840'), I1/4 hr. from Bernetsmatt, with guide.] "We then descend rapidly to the pretty Golzern-See (4636') and the (Ihr.) Oolzern-Alpen{AbS3'] excellent drinking-water), and lastly in zigzags through underwood to the hamlet of (11/2 1^^.) Bristen and (I/2 hr.) Amsteg (to the station 1/4 hr. more). Excursions from the Hotel Alpencldb. (Guides: AmhroSj Carl Ambros, 9,nd. Jo&ef Zgraggen; Josef., Josef Maria^ Melch.., and /o/j. Jos. Tresch ; Joh., Jos.., and MelcMor Gnos; Bavid and Jos. Furger ; Albin Walker, and others; ordinary excursions, 6 fr. per day.) The ascent of the Diissistock (Piz Git., 10,702'; 6-7 hrs.; guide 25 fr.) is difficult and requires experience. The path leads up the Brunni-Thal to the (2 hrs.) Waller. 'i fir v en Alp (6330'), ascends to the left to the (2 hrs.) Re sti- Tschingel Glacier., and crosses it; we then clamber over the precipitous rocks of the Kleine Dilssi (10,280') and ascend the arete to the (2 lirs.) summit. Splendid view. — The *Oberalp- stock {Piz Tgietschen, 10,925'; guide 20 fr.) presents no serious difficulty to adepts. We either proceed from the Alpenclub Hotel by the Brunni Pass route (p. 124) to the upper part of the (41/2-5 hrs.) Brunni Glacier (p. 124), and mount the snowy slopes, to the right, to the summit in 2-2V2 hrs.; or ascend from the Kreuzli Pass (p. 124) across the Slrini Glacier (7-8 hrs. to the top). Ascent from Sedrun (51/2-6 hrs.), see p. 373. — Weitenalpstock (9870'), from the Alp Culma, on the Kreuzli Pass route (4 hrs. from Amsteg), over the Weiten-Alp in 41/2 hrs.. very toilsome. — Bristenstock (10,090'), see p. 112. — Piz Cambriales (10.590'), 4-5 hrs. from the Hufi Club-Hut (see p. 124), and Claridenstock (10,730'; 25 fr.), 5 hrs. from the club-hut, not very difficult for practised climbers. Kammlistock (10,624' ; 25 fr.), 5 hrs. from the club-hut, by the Kammlililcke., laborious. — The Grosse Windg&Ue or Kalkstock (10,463'), from the Alp Bernetsmatt (see above) by the Stafel Glacier in 5 hrs. (guide 30 fr.), and the Grosse Scheerhorn (10,815'), from the Hiifi Club-Hut by the Kammlililcke in 6 hrs. (guide 25 fr.), both very difficult. — Grosse Ruchen (10,295'), less difficnlt, but extremely fatiguing 124 II. Route 34. MADERANER-THAL. from the Alp Gnof, 4-5 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.). — The Kleine WindgOle (9800), rom the Oher-Kasern huts (6390'; Si/z hrs. from Amsteg, 1/2 hr. from Ber- netsmatt) in 3'/2 hrs. (guide 20 fr.), not very difficult. Passes. To Stachelbeeg over the *Clariden Pass (9843'), 11-12 hrs. from the Alpenclub Hotel, a grand and most interesting expedition, presents no serious difficulty to experts veith able guides (35 fr.). The route ascends the slopes of the Diissistock (p. 123), on the left bank of the Hufi Glacier^ to the (2V2-3hrs.) Clul-Hut on the finely situated EufiAlp (5905'; spend nightj. Then a steep ascent for a short distance, over the moraine to the (40 min.) Hilfi Glacier , and gradually up the Hiififirn and Claridenfirn to the (3-31/2 hrs.) Pass, between the Hinter Spitzalpeli- Stock (9863') and the Glandenhorn (10,184'), commanding a fine view of the Todi, the Rhein- waldgebirge, etc. We then descend the Claridenfirn, passing the Bock- tschingel, a rock with a hole through its middle, and the Gemsfayrenstock (p. 69), and traverse the difficult Wallenbach Gorge to the Altenoren-Alp and (5 hrs.) Stachelberg. Or from the Claridenfirn (keeping to the right before reaching the Clariden Pass) we may cross the Hiifi Pass or Planura Pass (9645'), between the Hinter Spitzalpelistock and the Catscharauls (10,045'), to the Sandfirn, and then either descend to the left to the Upper Sandalp (p. 70) or to the right by the Sandgrat to DisenHs (p. 372; guide 30 fr.). — Another pass to Stachelberg (12-13 hrs. from the Alpenclub Hotel; guide 30 fr.) is the Kammliliicke {Scheerjoch; 9268'), lying between the Scheerhorn and the Kammlistock (p. 123). Descent over precipitous ice-slopes to the crevassed Gries Glacier^ the Kammli Alp, and the Klausen Pass (p. 72). To Unteeschachen over the Ruchkehlen Pass (8790'), 8-9 hrs., laborious (guide 25 fr.). From the Alp Gnof (p. 123) we ascend precipitous grass- slopes, rock, and glacier to the pass, between the Saitelhovner and the Kleine Ruchen^ and descend steeply through the ice-clad Ruchkehle into the Brunni- Thal and Schachen-Thal (p. 72). — The Scheerhorn-Griggeli Pass (9180') is also toilsome. From the Hiifi Club-Hut we mount the Hiifi Glacier and the Bocklschingelfirn to the pass, between the Scheerhorn and the KJeine Ruchen, and descend to the Upper Lammerhach-Alp and Unterschdchen. To DiSENTis over the Brunni Pass (8875'), 8 hrs., interesting but fatiguing (guide necessary, 25 fr.). We ascend the Brunni- Thai bv Rinderbiel and Waltersfirren (p. 123) to the (2V2-3 hrs.) Brunni-Alp (6990'), cross the E, lateral moraine and the upper snow-fields of the Brunni Glacier to the (21/2 hrs.) pass between the Piz Cavardiras (9505') on the left and the Piz d'Acletta (9570') on the right, and descend through the Val Acletta, past the small Lac Serein, to Acletta and (31/2 hrs.) Disentis (p. 372). From Amsteg over the Kkeuzli Pass (7645') to Sedkun, 8 hrs., fatig- uing. Through the Etzlithal to the pass, 51/2 hrs. ; thence down the Strim- thal to Sedrun (p. 373). 2V'2 hrs. 35. From Goschenen to the Rhone Glacier. The Furka. Comp. Map, p. 118. 25 M. Diligence in summer twice daily in 61/2 hrs. (9 fr. 85, coupe 11 fr. 85 c.); from Goschenen to Brig daily in 12 (Brig to Goschenen 14) hrs., with 1/2 hr.'s halt at Tiefenbach, and dining at the Rhone Glacier (20 fr. 65 c, coupe 25 fr. 15 c.) ; from Goschenen over the Furka and Grimsel to Meiringen in IIV2 hrs. (19 fr. 15 c, coupe 23 fr. 5 c). — Pedestrians should allow the following times from Goschenen: to Andermatt IV4, Realp 2, the Furka 31/2 (return 21/2), Rhone Glacier 2 (return 21/2) hrs. — Horse from Realp to Tiefenbach 5, Furka 8 fr. — Carriages: with one horse from Goschenen to Realp 10 fr., with two horses 15 fr. ; to the Rhone Glacier (-GletscV) 35 and 65, Fiesch 55 and 100, Brig 75 and 140, Meiringen 72 and 135 fr. ; carr. and pair from Andermatt to Realp 15, the Furka 40, Rhone Glacier 60, Fiesch 90, Brig 125 fr.: from Hospenthal to Realp. with one horse 6, two horses 10, to Furka 20 (there and back 25) and 35, Rhone REALP. II. Route 35. 125 Glacier 30 and 50, Fiesch 50 and 90, Brig 70 and 120 fr. ; from Realp to the Furka, with one horse 12, two horses 20 fr., Rhone Glacier 18 and 25 fr. ; from the Rhone Glacier to the Furka 15 fr. The *Furka Road, constructed chiefly for military purposes, and form- ing a convenient route to or from the Grimsel and the Bernese Oberland, commands striking views of the Rhone Glacier and the neighbouring moun- tains, and from Realp onwards should be traversed in an open carriage or on foot. Rich flora. To (51/2 M.)HospenfM (4800'), see pp. 119, 120. At the upper end of the village the road diverges to the right from the St. Gott- hard route, ascends a little, and skirts the level bank of the Realper Reuss in the bleak TJrseren-Thal (p. 119). On each side rise steep grassy slopes, furrowed by numerous brooks, and overshadowed on the N. by the jagged pinnacles of the Spitzherge (10,053'). 2^/4 M. Zumdorf (4965'), a group of huts with a chapel. Farther on we cross the Reuss and the Lochbach, which descends from the Tiefen Glacier (see below), and soon reach (1^/4 M.) — 91/2 M. Realp (5060'; Hot. des Alpes, Post, both plain), a poor hamlet at the W. end of the Urseren Valley. Over the Alpligen-Liicke to (6 hrs.) the Qoschener-Alp, see p. 118 ; over the Orsino Pass to the St. Ootthard, see p. 121. — From Realp to' Villa in the Val Bedretto (p. 315) by the Cavanna Pass (8565'), between the Piz Lucendro and Iluhnerstock, 5 hrs., uninteresting. Beyond Realp the road begins to ascend in long windings, which the old road to the right, 50 paces beyond the second bridge, 1/2 M. from Realp, avoids. (In descending from the Furka we quit the new road a few hundred paces beyond the 50th kilometre stone, and descend by a few steps to the left.) We soon obtain a fine retrospective view of the broad Urseren-Thal, with the zigzags of the Oberalpstrasse in the background (p. 375); on the left are the Wyttenwasser-Thal with the glacier of that name, the Ywer- berhorner, and the Piz Lucendro. At the last winding of the road (Fuclisenegg, 6595'), 3^2 M. from Realp, stands the small Hot.-Pens. Oalenstock (R. 2, D. 31/2; pens. 6 fr.). About II/2 M. farther on, beyond the Ebneten-Alp, is Tiefenbach (6790' ; Hotel Tiefenglet- scher, well spoken of, R., L., & A. 21/2, himln 21/2, D- ^^k, pens. 5-7 fr.), where the diligence halts some time. By following the slope from this point and crossing the moraine, we reach (IV4 hr.; guide) the Tiefen Glacier, imbedded between the Galenstock and the Gletschhorn (10,850'), where beautiful crystals (more than I2V2 tons) were found in 1868 (p. 150). — Over the Tiefen-Sattel to the Rfione Glacier (Grimsel, Trift-Hiltte), see p. 137. — Over the Wiyiterlilcke (9450') to the Goschener-Alp (p. 118), 6 hrs., with guide; descent to the Winter Glacier steep. The road crosses the Tiefentobel and ascends, running high up on the N. slope. The old bridle-path (not recommended) follows the Oarschen-Thal on the left, far below. On the right lies the Siedeln Glacier, the discharge of which forms a fine waterfall; above it rise the pinnacles of the Bielenstock (9670'). Before us rises the Furkahorn (p. 126). The (31/2 M.) — 171/2 M. Furka (7990') is a saddle between the Muttenhorner on the left and the Furkahorner on the right, descending abruptly 126 11. Route 35. FURKA. on both sides. We first reach the barracks for the garrison of the fortifications (see below) and the new Hotel - Restaurant Furka- blick (R. 2, B. 11/4, lunch 2^2, D- ^^2 fr.)- ^ little farther on, to the left of the road, is the * Hotel-Pension Furka (R., L., & A. 3-5, dej.4, D. 5 fr. ; post and telegraph office). Magnificent view of the Bernese Alps with the imposing Finsteraarhorn ; to the left of it the Oberaarhorn, Walliser Fiescherhorner , Siedelhorn, and Wannehorn, and to the right the Agassizhorn and Schreckhorner. From the Signal, about 1/2 ^^- from the hotel, we obtain a view of the Upper Valais and its Alps (Mischabelhorner, Matterhorn, Weisshorn, etc.), while the *KdnzH, 1/2 ^I- farther on, also com- mands the upper part of the Rhone Glacier. EsccESioNS. *Furkahorn (9935'; 21/2 hrs.; guide 7 fr., not necessary for adepts), to the N, of the pass, by an easy hridle-path^ very interesting. Admirable panorama of the Alps of Bern and the Valais, the Galenstock, St. Gotthard group, etc. The nearer summit (9248') may be scaled in 11/4 hr. It is not advisable to descend direct to the Ehone Glacier. — The Blauberg (9110'). to the S. of the Furka road, is easily ascended by a new path in 2 hrs. (attractive). — 'Muttenhorn (10,184' ; 3 hrs. ; guide 10 fr.), to the S. of the Furka, a very fine point, not difficult. Galenstock (11,805'; 5 hrs.; guide 15 fr.), not difficult for adepts under favorable conditions of the snow (axe and rope required). From the Furka we ascend to the (^/t hr.) Rhone Glacier (see below), skirt its left margin, climb a steep snowy slope to the right, follow a rocky arete, and lastly mount very steep neve to the overhanging snowy summit (caution required). View exceedingly grand. From the Furka over the Lecki Pass to the St. Gotthard Hospice (10 hrs., with guide), see p. 121; over the Trift-Limmi to the Trift-Hutte, see p. 137. To THE Geimsel Hospice (p. 188), 5 hrs. (guide 10 fr. ; alpenstock and nailed boots requisite). "Walkers may descend from the Furka by a good path, diverging to the right from the road V2 M. from the inn, to the (3/4 hr.) upper part of the Rhone Glacier., cross it above the ice -fall in 11/2 hr., ascend the (3/4 hr.) *Nageli's Gratli (84(0'), affording a splendid view of the Bernese and Valaisian Alps, and descend to the (2 hrs.) Hospice. The path issues at the N. extremity of the small Grimsel Lake (p. 189). The road follows the slope to the right, passing the new forti- fications of the Furka, to the (1 1/4 M.) Gaien-IfM^en (7900') and descends to the left in long zigzags, high above the huge '^Rhone Glacier (p. 314), affording admirable views of its fantastic ice- masses. [A shorter footpath descends to the left from the Hotel Furka, skirting the Gratschlucht Glacier.] At the second bend of the road is the small Hotel Belvedere. A path leads hence in 1/4 hr., over the moraine, keeping to the left, to a point commanding the upper part of the glacier. Adjacent is an artificial glacier-cave. In the valley we cross the Mutthach (the discharge of the Gratschlucht Glacier^). The road is joined here on the left by the steep old bridle- path from the Furka. It then gradually descends the slope of the Ldngisgrat, and again describes several long bends, which the old bridle-path, to the right, cuts off. Crossing the infant Rhone, we reach the (61/4 M.) — 25 M. Rhone Glacier Hotel, in the 'Gletsch' (5750'; p. 314). From the Rhone Glacier to Brig , see p. 315 ; over the Grimsel to Meiringen, see E. 52. v^ 127 36. From Lucerne to Altdorf via Stans and Engelberg. The Surenen Pass. Comp. Map, p. 86. Steamboat from Lucerne to Stansstad 8 times daily in 40 min., fare 1 fr. 40 or 80 c. (see p. 100). — Diligence from Stansstad to (14 M.) Engel- berg twice daily in aummer in 31/2 lirs. (fare 4 fr. 60, coupe 6 fr. 40 c. ; from Lucerne, incl. steamboat, 6 fr. 60, 7 fr. 75 c); one-horse carriage 15, two-horse 25 fr. — Walkers may dismiss their vehicle at Grafenort (7 M. from Stans, a drive of IV4 hr., one-horse carr. 7-8, two-horse 12 fr.), beyond which the road is so steep that travellers usually alight and walk. (One-horse carr. from Beckenried to Engelberg, the route for travellers from the St. Gotthard, 15-18, two-horse 25-30 fr.; see p. 88.) — From Engelberg to Altdorf over the Surenen Pass, rather fatiguing (bridle-path, 9 hrs.; guide, 14 fr., unnecessary in fine weather; travellers from Altdorf need a guide to the top of the pass only, 8 fr.). To Stansstad, see p. 101. The road (electric tramway in 1/4 ^r.) leads between the Bilrgenstoclc (p. 101) on the left and the Stanser Horn (see "below) on the right, through orchards and pastures. 2M. Stans or Stanz (1510'; pop. 2458; ^'Engel, R., L., & A. 2-3, B. 1, D. 21/2-3 fr.; Krone, R. 1-1 1/2, B. 1, D. i% pens. 3-4 fr. ; Winkelried ; Rdssli), the capital of Nidwalden, the E. half of Canton Unterwalden , lies in the midst of a vast orchard , on which, however, from 11th Nov. to 2nd Feb. the sun shines for one hour only in the morning, between the Hohe Brisen (7890') and the Stanser Horn (see below). Adjoining the handsome Parish Church is the ^Monument of Arnold von Winkelried (p. 19), a fine group in marble by Schloth. A tablet by the Burial Chapel in the churchyard, on the N. side of the church, commemorates the massacre per- petrated here in 1798 by the French, who were exasperated by the obstinate resistance they met with. The Town Hall contains por- traits of all the mayors from the year 1521 ; below them is a collec- tion of Unterwalden flags ; a picture by the artist Wiirsch, who after- wards became blind, and perished in 1798; another by Volmar, re- presenting Brother Klaus taking leave of his family (p. 132). In the studio of the late painter Deschwanden a number of his paintings are exhibited gratis. The Historical Museum, in the Bahnhof-Platz, contains objects of historical and antiquarian interest , weapons, coins , minerals, a library, and an interesting relief of Stans on the scale of 1 : 500 (key kept by Jac. Christen , behind the Hot. Winkelried; 30 c). Fine view from the Knieri, above the Cafu- chin Monastery. The *Stanser Horn (6230') is a splendid point of view, scarcely inferior to Rigi and Pilatus. Cable-railway (opened in August, 1893) in 50 min.; 5fr., return-ticket 8 fr. or, including S., R., and B. at the hotel, 15V2 fr. The line (4265 yards in length; maximum gradient 60:100) is divided into three sections, and carriages are changed twice. Each section has its own power house; the electric motors are supplied from the central station at Buochs. In the middle of each section is a crossing, where the ascending and descending cars pass each other; there is no toothed rail, but safety is guaranteed by strong avitomatic brakes. — The line ascends gradually (12 : 100) from the entrance of the village through 128 II. Route 36. ENGELBERG. From Lucerne luxuriant meadows, and^farther on more rapidly (27 : 100)^10 the (13 min.) station of Kalti (23iS'), where carriages are changed. iThe second section has a gradient at first of 40 : 100, afterwards of 60: 100; the line ascends a wooded ravine, crosses a torrent, and intersects a deep cutting to the (13 min.) second station of Blumatt (4006'), whence it proceeds (third section) with the same gradient (3 : 5) through a tunnel (15(3 yds.) to the terminal station (BOTCF), at the "Hotel Stanserhorn (pens. 8 fr.). A good path leads hence to the top (60' higher), which commands a highly picturesque *View of the Bernese Apps (with the Titlis rising in the foreground), the Lake of Lucerne, and the hills of N.W. Switzerland. The road to (12 M.) Engelberg traverses the valley of the Engelberger Aa, between the Stanser Horn on the right and the Buochser Horn on the left. In the background rises the snow-clad Titlis. Near (2 M.) Dallenwyl we cross the Aa. On a mound of detritus at the mouth of the Steinbach^ to the right, stands the church of the village. A good bridle-path, diverging to the left, ascends to (4V2 M. ; 6 M. from Stans via Nieder-Bilren ; one-hoTse carr. from Stansstad to Biiren in 1 hr., 4 fr. ; from Buochs 5 fr.) the finely-situated health-resort of Nieder- Hickenbach (3830'; '■ Curhaus zum Engel^ pens. 5-6 fr.). Hence to the Buochser Horn (5395'), 13/4 br., repaying; to the ''Steinalp-Brisen (7890'), 3 hrs., via the Ahorn-Alp and the Steinalp ,, interesting (guide not indispensable for adepts). Another attractive ascent is that of the Schwulmis (7373'; 3 hrs.; guide unnecessary), by the Ahorn-Alp., the Bdrfalle (with a cross), and the Biihl-Alp, and thence up the E. arete. The descent may be made to (3 hrs.) Isenthal via the Jochli (see below). — An interesting pass (41/2-5 hrs., with guide) leads from Nieder-Rickenbach by the Buhl-Alp (see above) and the Jochli (6925') between the Schwalmis and the Reissendstock, descending by the Bolgen-Alp and the Laueli to St. Jakob in the Isenthal (p. 93). 13/4 M. Wolfenscliiessen (1710'; *Eintracht, unpretending; Kreuz). Beside the church is the heimit-hut (brought hither from Altzellen) of Conrad Scheuber, grandson of Nikolaus von der Fliie (p. 132), whose worship he shares. From Wolfenschiessen via Oher-Rickenbach and the Schonegg Pass (6315') to (51/2-6 hrs.) Isenthal. see p. 93. Guide advisable, the descent from the pass to the Sulzthal-Alp being steep and pathless. Beyond (21/9 M.) Grafenort (1885'; Inn, good wine) the road ascends through beautiful wood. To the right, far below, flows the brawling Aa. We next pass (4 M.) the Inn 'Im Griinen Wald', below which, in the valley to the right, the brook descending from the Triibsee (p. 136) falls into the Aa. After another slight ascent, we turn to the left, and suddenly obtain a view of the Engelberger- Thai, a green Alpine valley, 5 M. long and 1 M, broad, bounded on three sides by lofty, snow-clad mountains. The Titlis with its ice-mantle stands forth majestically, and to the left rise the rocky pinnacles of the Great and Little Spannort {-p. ISO):, in the foreground is the Halinenberg or Engelberg (8566'). Then (2M.) — 12 M. Engelberg. — Hotels. *H6t.-Pens. Sonkenbeeg, finely situ- ated, R., L., & A. 31/2-61/2, B. 11/2, D. 41/2, S. 3, pens. 8-11 fr. ; *H6t. Cdehaus Titlis, R., L., & A. 21/2-6, B. I1/2, lunch 3, D. 41/2, pens, from 71/2 fr. ; Hot. National, R., L., & A. 21/2-6, B. I1/2, D. 4, pens, from 8 fr, *H6t.-Pens. Engel, R., L., & A. I1/2-3, B. I1/4, D. 31/2, S. 21/2, pens. 61/2-8 fr *Cdrhaus-Pens. Mullee, E., L., & A. from 1, B. I1/4, D. 3, pens. 6-8 fr. *H6t.-Pens. Engelberg, R., L., & A. from 2, B. 1, D. 21/2-3, pens. 6-8 fr. *H6t.-Pens. Hess, R., L., & A. from 2, D. 3, pens. 6-8 fr. ; 'Hot. des Alpes, R., L., & a. from 11/2^ D. 3, pen,s. 6-8 fr. Rooms at several other to Altdorf. ENGELBERG. 77. Route 36. 129 houses ; usual charges, R. IJ/2, B. 1. Beer at Wasei'''s. — English Church in the grounds of the Hotel Titlis. — Guides: Karl, Eugen, and Jot. Hess; Leodegar Feierabend ; Jog. Kuster, father and son; Placidus Hess; Jos. Amrhein; Jos. Imf anger; N. Hurschler ; G. and Joh. Water. Engelberg (3315'; pop. 1973), loftily and prettily situated, and sheltered from the N., is a favourite health and summer resort. At the upper end of the village rises the handsome Benedictine Abbey of the name, founded in 1121, named Mans Angelorum by Pope Ca- lixtus XI., and rebuilt after a fire in 1729. The *Chukch contains modern pictures by Deschwanden, Kaiser, and Wiirsch (p. 127). High-altar-piece , an Assumption by Spiegler , 1734. In the chapter - house, two transparencies by Kaiser , the Conception and the Nativity. The Library (20,000 vols., 210 MSS.), which was pillaged by the French in 1798, contains a good relief of the Engelberg Valley. Per- mission to visit the monastery is now not very often granted. — The School connected with the abbey is well attended. The Farm Buildings, with the labourers' dwellings, are very extensive, and in the cheese-ma- gazine several thousand cheeses are frequently stored at one time. The revenues of the abbey, which formerly exercised sovereign rights over the surrounding district, were considerably reduced by the French in 1798. Opposite the abbey, to the S., on the left bank of the Aa, are pleasant shady walks, which are reached in 10 min. (Cafe Banklialp). Excursions. A favourite promenade, with pretty views, leads to the Schwand (3970'; Inn), in lV4hr. — The Bergli (430u'; Inn) and the Fliihmatt (4855'), each 1 hr., command an excellent view of the valley and the Titlis. — Pleasant walk (brake several times daily, 60 0. ; one-horse carr. there and back 5-6, two-horse 9 fr.) to the (3/4 hr.) *Tatschbach Fall. We may either follow the road to the right of the abbey, passing (IV4 M.) the coffee-garden of Eienwdldchen, or we may take the shorter footpath, to the left of the abbey, which passes (10 min.) the Neue Heimat Inn, at the mouth of the Horbis- Thal, and the (1/4 hr.) Schweizei'haus Inn. [The rocky basin at the head of the Horbisthal, reached in V2 hr., is known as the End der Welt.] The road ends at the Tatschbach Fall (3575'; Inn), which descends from the Hahnen- berg or Engelberg. The bridle-path (way to the Surenen Pass, p. 130) goes on through the wood and crosses the Fiirrenbach, which also forms several falls. It then traverses pastures, passing the dairy-farm of HerrenrvU (left bank), to (3/4 hr.) the Nieder-Surenen Alp (4133'; rfmts.), which affords a fine view of the pyramidal Schlossberg, the serrated Spannorter, the Firnalpeli and Grassen glaciers, and the huge precipices of the Titlis. — The Arnitobel, a gorge with a waterfall, 3/4 hr. to the W., a pleasant and shady walk; thence to the right to the (1 hr.) Lower Arnialp (4355'; Inn), with a good view of the Engelberger Rothstock, and to (1 hr. farther) the Upper Arnialp (5300'). commanding a beautiful survey of the Engelberg valley. — *Fiirrenalp (6073'; 21/2 hrs.); the path ascends to the left before reaching the Tatschbach Fall, and then skirts the slope above (beautiful view of the Titlis). Ascents. Rigidalstock (8515'; 5 hrs.; guide 9 fr.), the last part difficult, fine panorama. *Widderfeld (7723'; 4 hrs.; guide 8 fr.), via the Ami-Alp, less fatiguing; preferable via the Zingel-Alp and HohUcht (5 hrs.; guide 8 fr.). — Hutstock (8790'; 6-7 hrs.; guide 12 fr.), by the Juchli (p. 132), not difficult for mountaineers. — The *Hanghorn (8790;), an at- tractive point, is reached in 6-7 hra. (guide 12 fr.) by crossing the slope of the Schattband, in front of the Hutstock. — ^Engelberger Rothstock (9250'; 6 hrs.; guide 9, with a night out 12 fr.), interesting and not difficult. We ascend by the Alp Obhag to the (4 hrs.) Club -Hut above the Planken-Alp (7560'), on the Ruckhubel, not far from the Oriessen Glacier; thence below the Rothgratli (p. 93) to the top in 2 hrs. more. *TJri-Rothstock (9620'; 8V2 hrs.; guide 17, with descent to Isenthal 22 fr.), very interesting. From the club-hut above the Plankenalp to the Baedeker, Switzerland. 16th Edition. 9 130 //. Route 36. SURENEN PASS. (l»/ihr.) gap (8878') on the S. of the Engelberger-Rothstock ; thence across snow to the (1 hr.) Porta or Schlossttock-Liicke, adjoining the Schlossstoek (9055'); then a rather steep descent to the Blumlisalpjirn ; again an ascent to the arete separating it from the Kleinthal, and lastly up the Klein- thalfirn to the (2V2 hrs.) top (comp. p. 93). The 'Great Spannort (10,515') is ascended from the Spannort Club-Eut (6500'), 3V2 hrs. from Engelberg, by the Schlossberg-Liicke and the Glatten- firn^ or direct by the Spannort- Joch (see below) in 41/2 hrs. ; interesting, though toilsome (comp. p. 112; guide 25 fr.). — The Little Spannort (10,3fc'0') is climbed from the Spannort Hut by the Schlossberg-Lucke or the Spannort-Joch in 6-7 hrs. (guide 35 fr.) ; difficult, for expert climbers only. — Schlossberg (10,280'), from the Blacken-Alp (see below) in 4V2hr8., laborious (guide 25 fr.). The admirable view is scarcely inferior to that from the Titlis. Edelweiss abundant. The *TitUs (10,627'; 6-7 hrs.; guide 12, to Engstlen-Alp 17 fr.) is very interesting, though for novices somewhat trying. It is advisable to go on the previous evening to the Bdtel Ben (p. 136 ; 21/4 hrs. ; horse 10 fr.), in order not to have the steep Pfaffenwand (p. 136) to ascend at starting. From this point the guides like to start at 2 a.m., in order that on the return- route the snow may be traversed before the heat of the day ; but the ascent by lantern-light is very disagreeable and toilsome, and it is better to wait till daybreak. From the Hotel Hess the path ascends over the Laubersgrat to the (I1/2-2 hrs.) Stand (8033') ; it then mounts a steep slaty incline in zigzags, over rock and detritus, to the (2/4 hr.) Rothegg (9030'), where the glacier is reached and a short rest is taken. We ascend the glacier, at first gradually, then more rapidly (step-cutting sometimes necessary), and if the snow is in good condition we reach the (IV2-2 hrs.) summit, called the Nollen^ without material difficulty. The view, highly picturesque and imposing, embraces the entire Alpine chain from Savoy toTyrol, N. Switzer- land, and S. Germany (panorama by Imfeld). The ascent of the Titlis, though requiring perseverance, is perhaps the least difficult of glacier-excursions. Descent to the Joch Pass (Engstlen-Alp), see p. 135. Passes. From Engelberg over the Joch Pass to Meiringen (972-10 hrs.; guide, unnecessary, to Enfistlen 8 fr.), see R. 38 ; over the Storegg (5 hrs.; guide 12 fr.) or the Juchli (6V2 brs.; guide 12 fr.) to the Melchthal, see p. 132; over the Rothgrdtli to the Isenthal (10 hrs,; guide 17 fr), see p. 93. From Engelberg to Erstfeld (p. HI) via the Schlossberg-Liicke (8635') and the Qlattenfim (10 hrs. ; guide 25 fr.), a fine route, but fatiguing. By spending a night in the Spannort Hut (see above ; 2 hrs. below the pass) mountaineers may combine the ascent of the Great Spannort (see above) with this pass. — To Erstfeld across the Spannort-Joch (9610' ; 10-11 hrs. ; guide 25 fr.), between the Great and the Little Spannort, toilsome. To Wasen over the Grassen Pass (Bdrengrube, 8917'), 10 hrs., difficult (guide to Meien 25 fr.), — To the Steinalp over the "Wenden-Joch (8695'), 10-11 hrs., fatiguing, but interesting (guide 25 fr.). The route to the Surenen Pass leads past the Tatschhach Fall and the dairy-farm of Herrenriiti (p. 129), follows the right bank of the Aa to (13/4hr.) the frontier of Canton Uri by the Nieder-Surenen Alp (4133'), and ascends to the (V2 hr.) -SS'cAra«ew;Z«fte (6810'), with interesting slopes of debris and a splendid view. From Fluhli a road leads to (4V2 M.) Sorenberg (3812'; '*Inn, pens. 4-41/2 fr.), a health-resort in the upper Emmen-Thal or Mar ien- Thai. The *Brienzer Rothhorn (p. 182) may be ascended hence by a good path in 3 hrs. Fkom Fluhli to Sarnen via the Seewenegg, 6^/4 hrs., an attractive route. About 3/4 M. to the S. of Fluhli the path diverges to the left, passes the hamlet of Kragen and the Alps of Eolzhack, Stdldeli, and Bldttli, traverses wood, passing a saw-mill, and reaches (3 hrs.) the *Seewen-Alp (5640'), a health-resort on the Seewenalp-See, with a chalet and a small Curhaus (pens. 31/2 fr-)- Splendid view of the Bernese Alps. The "Feuerslein (6700'), which affords an imposing survey of the Alps, from the Sentis to Mt. Blanc, is easily ascended hence in 1 hr. — From the chalet the foot- path ascends the (I/4 hr.) Seewenegg^ another fine point of view (still better from a height 250 yds. to the left). It then descends to the right into the valley, passing a saw-mill and leaving the Schwendi-Kaltbad (p. 133) to the left, to Stalden and Sarnen (p- 132)- We now cross the Kleine Emme, which rises on the Brienzer Rothhorn, and ascend the valley of the Weisse Emme to — 26 M. Escholzmatt (2815'; *Ldwe; Krone'), a scattered village (3086 inhab.), on the watershed between the Entlebuch and Em- men-Thal; then descend to (29 M.) Wiggen (2600'; Rossli), follow the right bank of the Ilfis , and reach (32V2 M.) Trubachachen (2396'), at the confluence of the Trubbach and Ilfis, the first village in Canton Bern. The *Napf (4620'; 31/2-4 hrs., guide unnecessary; ^Inn at the top, fre- quented as a health-resort, pens. 5-6 fr.), to the N. of Trubschacben, 140 II. Route 40. EMMENTHAL. deserves a visit. A carriage-road leads via (2V4 M.) Trtib (2675'-, Inn) to (Q M..) Mettlen (3ib^' ; carriage for 1 pers. to this point, 6 fr.), and a bridle- path thence to the l^/i hr.) top of the Xapf. whence there is a fine pano- rama from the Sentis to the Dole, and a beautiful view of the Bernese Alps. — From Entlebuch (p. 138) a road crosses the Grosse and the Kleine Emme, to the W.; we then either follow the road by Dopleschwand to (5 M.) iJomoos (2592'; Inn), or reach it by a direct path in 1 hr.; from Romoos a good bridle-path leads to the top in 2^/2 hrs. more. — From the Napf a footpath, with an almost continuously fine view, leads via the (2 hrs.) LussMitte (rustic inn), ih.& Liideren- Gassli {B.oXe\ zu den Alpen, moderate), and the Rafriiti (see below) to (4 hrs.) Langnau (guide convenient. 5-6 fr.). 351/2 M. Langnan (2245'; pop. 7644 : ""Hirsch, R., L., & A. 2, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 5 fr.; ^Lowe ; Bar; Hot. Bahnhof; Hot. EmmenthaV), a large and -wealthy village, the capital of the Emmen-Thal, a valley about 25 M. long, 10-12 M. wide, watered by the Ilfis and the Grosse Emme, and one of the most fertile in Switzerland. The cheese of the Emmen-Thal is much esteemed ; the carefully kept pastures, the fine breed of cattle, and the neat dwellings with thair pretty gardens bear witness to the prosperity of the natives. Railway to Burgdorf . see p. 17. — The Bagesdmand Hohe , 1 hr. to the N.W. , commands a fine view of the Emmen-Thal and the Alps; the view from the Rafriiti (SSSO*), 2V4 hrs. to the N. , is atill more extensive (panorama by G. Studer). Beyond Langnau the train crosses the Hfls and the Emme. 38 M. Emmenmatt, 40 M. Signau (2090'; Thurm ; Bar), 44 M. Zdziwyl (Krone), thriving villages. It then skirts the Hiirnherg in a wide curve to (46 M.) Konolfingen, 3 M. to the S.E. of which is the fre- quented Schwendlenbad (2830'), surrounded by fine woods. 48^/2 M. Tagertschi. — 51 M. Worb (Lowe ; Stern), a large village with an old Schloss. Pleasing view of the Stockhorn chain to the left. From Worb a carriage-road runs to the E. to (2 M.) the frequented watering-place of Enggistein (2264'; Inn), situated in a pleasant mountain- valley, and (1 M. farther) 'Riittihubelbad (2414'; pens. 3V2-4V2 fr., un- pretending), situated among woods, with a saline chalybeate spring, pleasant walks, and a good view, especially fine from the Knorihuhel (3027'; 85 min.). Magnificent views are also afiforded by the Gummegg (3208'), reached via WalJcringen in IV2 hr., and by the BallenbUhl, the W. summit of the Hijmberg, reached via Schlosswyl in 1^/4 hr. (descent to the station at Tagertschi in 20 min.). 54 M. Gumlingen, junction of the Bern and Thun line (change carriages for Thun, p. 151). Thence to (59 M.) Bern, see p. 151. 41. From Lucerne to Lenzburg (Aarau). The Seethal Railway. 291/2 M. Steam Tramway in 23/4-4 hrs.; 2nd cl. 4 fr. 85, 3rd cl. 3 fr. 30 c. — This 'Seethal Railway' from Emmenbriicke to Lenzburg offers a pleasant tour, though dusty in summer. The gauge is that of the ordi- nary railways, the carriages of which can run on this line. From Lucerne to (2^2 M.) Emmenbriicke, see p. 19; here we change carriages for the 'Seethalbahn', which diverges to the right. 4 M. Emmen (1410' ; Stern), near the Reuss, on the right bank of which, 1/2 M. to the E., is the old nunnery of Rathhausen, now SEETHAL. IL Route 41. 141 an asylum for poor children. We traverse the fertile Emmenboden to (6M.) Waldibruck. The line quits the road, here unsuitable for a tramway, and ascends, affording a fine view of the Rigi to the right, to (8 M.) Eschenbach (ioQO' ; Rossli; Lowe), with its large Cistercian Abbey and valuable gravel- pits in the vicinity. (Diligence twice daily in 40 min. to Gisikon, p. 80.) At (91/2 M.) Ballwyl (1693') the line crosses the watershed between the Reuss and the Aa, and descends into the Seethal, belonging partly to Lucerne and partly to Aargau, one of the most fertile and attractive valleys in Central Switzerland. This 'lake- valley', I872 M. long, is bounded on the E. by the long Lindenberg (2953') and on the W. by the Ehrlose (2670') and the JSomberg (2595'), and in the middle of it lie the pretty Baldegg Lake (or Obere See) and the larger Hallwyl Lake (or Vntere See), amidst pastures sprinkled with fruit-trees. 11 M. Hochdorf (1653'; *Hirsch), a picturesque and prosperous village, with beautiful pine-woods in the vicinity. Excursions. On a Mil to the E. O/2 hr.) is the cantonal deaf-and-dumb asylum of Hohenrain (2014'), formerly a commandery of the knights of St. John, with a fine view of the Alps. Thence in IV2 hr. to Schloss Hor- hen (2625'; p. 22), a health-resort, affording a superb view to the N. and E.; then to the 0/2 hr.) ruined castle of Lieli, another fine point of view, to (1/2 hr.) Augstholz (Hydropathic Establishment), and back to (V2 hr.) Hochdorf. The whole excursion may be made by carriage. To the W. of Hochdorf roads lead by Romerswyl to (4 M.) Oberreinach, a ruined castle, with an admirable view of the Seethal and the Jura ; by the pilgrimage-shrine of Hildisrieden to the (5 M.) chapel commemorative of the battle of Sempach (p. 19); and by Urswyl to (SVz M.) Rain, near which is Oberbuchen (2133'), where we obtain a picturesque survey of Pilatus and the Entlebuch Mts. I2V2 M. Baldegg (Lowe) a pretty village with an old castle, now a nunnery and girls' school, lies at the S.E. end of the Bal- degger See (1532'), a lake 3 M. long. Skirting the E. bank of the lake, we next reach (15 M.) Qelfingen (Stein) , where the culture of the vine begins. On the right is the castle of Heidegg , and 3/4 M. to the N. is the pretty village of Hitzkirch (Kranz ; Engel), once a Teutonic commandery, with a seminary for teachers. To the N. of Hitzkirch a road leads by Altwis and Aesch to (5 M.) Fahvwangen{B'diT) and Meisterschwanden (Lowe; *Pens. Seerose), two large villages, where straw-plaiting is the chief industry (see below) ; thence by Sarmemdorf, past Schloss Hilfikon^ to Villmergen and (5 M.) Wohlen (p. 22). 161/4 M. Richensee, with the ruins of the Grilnenburg, which was destroyed in 1386, standing upon an enormous erratic block. 17 M. Ermensee, a well-to-do village on the Aa. At (18 M.) Mosen the tramway reaches the Hallwyler See (1383'), a lake 51/2 M. long and I74M. broad (small steamer), and ascends on its W. bank to — 20 M. Beinwyl (1700'; 1679 inhab.; Lowe), a busy, thriving village with considerable cigar-manufactories, commanding a charm- ing view of the lake. Railway in 5 min, to (IV4 M.) Reinach (Bar) and in 9 min. to (2V2 M.) Menziken (Stern), two industrial villages in the upper Winen-Thah — A 1A2 11. Route 41. LENZBURG. pleasant excursion from Beinwyl ia the ascent of the Homherg (2595'), 3/4 hr. to the JT.W. ; beautiful view of the Alps and the Jura Mts. The cars now rnn high above the lake to (21 ^4 M.) Birrwyl, with its large factories, and descend thence to (2372 M.) Boniswyl (Rail. Restaurant), a busy wine-trading place. To Fahewangen diligence twice daily in 1 hour. The road leads past the handsome old chateau of Hallwyl, the ancestral seat of the distin- guished family of that name, to (1^/2 M.) Seengen (Bar), a large village, with the burial-vaults of the Hallwyl family. About 1/2 M. to the S. E, is the Brestenberg Hydropathic, formerly a chateau of Hans Rudolf v. Hallwyl, built in 1625, prettily situated among vineyards at the !N. end of the Lake of Hallwyl. From Brestenberg we follow the E. bank to Tennwyl^ Meisterschwanden, and (2 M.) Fahrwangen (p. 141). 241/2 M. Niederhallwyl-Durrendsch ; 25^2 M. Seon (Stern), a large manufacturing village (1794 inhab.). 291/2 M. Lenzburg (1300'; 2501 inhab.; *Krone; Ldwe), a busy little town on the Aa, with the large cantonal prison. On a hill above the town, to theE., stands the old Schloss Lenzburg (1663'), the property of Mr. Jessup, an American, at whose expense it is being restored. Opposite, to the W., rises the Staufberg (1710'). From Lenzburg to Aarau and Baden, see p. 22. III. BERNESE OBERLAND. 42. Bern 144 Enge, 150. — Gurten ; Zimmerwald, 151. 43. From Bern to Thun 151 Environs of Thun 5 the Gurnigelbad, 152, 153. 44. The Niesen 153 45. From Thun to Interlaken. Lake of Thun 155 a. Thunersee Railway 155 b. Steamboat Journey 155 Sigriswyl, 156. — From Spiez to Aeschi, 156. — Tanzbodeli Pass ; Morgenberghorn ; Schwalmern, 157. — St. Beaten- berg; Amisbiihel: Gemmenalphorn; Niederliorn; Burg- feldstand, 158. 46. Interlaken and Environs 158 Heimvp-ehfluh ; Abendberg; Saxeten-Thal; Sulegg; Harder; Habkern- Thai; Hohgant; Augstmatthorn ; Schynlge Platte, 162-164. 47. The Lauterbrunnen Valley and Miirren 164 Isenfluh 165. — Schmadribach Fall. Upper Steinberg. Oberhornsee 167. — Allmendhubel. Schilthorn, 168. — The Sefinen-Thal, 169. — From Lauterbrunnen over the Sefmenfurgge to the Kienthal; over the Hohthiirli to Kandersteg ; and over the Tschingel Pass to Kandersteg, 170. — From Lauterbrunnen over the Petersgrat to the Lotschen-Thal, 171. — Wetterlucke, Schmadri-Joch, Lauinenthor, Roththal -Sattel, and Ebnefluh- Joch, 171. 48. From Interlaken to Grindelwald 171 a. Direct Line 171 b. Wengernalp Railway 172 Mettlen-Alp, 172. — Jungfrau; Silberhorn, 173. — Guggi- Hiitte; Lauberhorn; Tschuggen; Mannlichen, 174. — From Grindelwald over the Eismeer to Zasenberg. Mettenberg ; Schreckhorn, 177. — Monch ; Eiger. From Grindelwald over the Strahlegg and the Finsteraar-Joch orLauteraar-Sattel to the Grimsel Hospice. From Grindel- wald over the Jungfrau-Joch, Monchjoch,Eiger-Joch,and Fieseher-Joch to the Eggishorn, 178. 49. The Faulhorn 178 From Grindelwald to the Faulhorn, 179. — From the Schynige Platte to the Faulhorn, 180. From the Faul- horn to the Great Scheidegg. Rothihorn, 180. — Schwarz- horn, 181. 50. From Meiringen to Interlaken. Lake of Brienz ... 181 Gorge of the Aare. Hasleberg. Hohenstollen. Brienzer Rothhorn, 182. — Giessbach, 183. — Rauft. Enge. Axalp. Hinterburg-See. Ascent of the Faulhorn from the Giess- bach. From the Giessbach to Interlaken, 184. 61. From Meiringen to Grindelwald 185 Falls of the Reichenbach. Baths of Rosenlaui, 185. — Rosenlaui Glacier; Dossen-Hiitte; Wetterlimmi, 186. 144 ///. Route 42. BERN. Hotels. 52. From Meiringen to the Rhone Glacier. Grimsel . . 187 Urbach-Thal ; Gauli Pass ; Berglijoch ; Dossen-Hiitte, 187. — Kleine Siedelhorn; Unteraar Glacier; Dollfus Pavil- ion ; Ewigschneehorn ; Finsteraarhorn , 189. — From the Grimsel over the Oberaar-Jocli or the Studer-Joch to Fiesch, 190. 53. From Spiez to Leuk over the Gemmi 191 Kienthal ; Gamchiliicke ; Buttlassen ; Gspaltenhorn ; Wilde Frau, 191. — The Blaue See, 192. — Oeschinen- See; Bliimlisalp , 192. — Doldenhorn; Friindenhom; Diindenhorn; Gastern-Thal ; Alpschelenhuhel ; Tschingel Pass; Petersgrat; Balmhom; Altels, 193. — Excursions from Bad Leuk; Torrenthorn, etc., 195, 54. The Adelhoden Valley 196 Excursions and Ascents from Adelboden. Bonderspitz. Elsighorn. Albrist. Gsiir. Gross-Lohner. Wildstrubel, etc. From Adelboden to Lenk via the Hahnenmoos; to Kandersteg via the Bonderkrinden ; to Schwarenbach via the Engstligen-Grat, 196, 197. 55. From Gampel to Kandersteg. Lotschen Pass ... 197 Hohgleifen ; Bietschhorn. From Ried to Leuk over the Ferden Pass, the Gitzi-Furgge, the Resti Pass, the Faldum Pass, or the Niven Pass, 198. 56. From Thun to Sion over the Rawyl 199 Source of the Simme ; Oberlaubhorn ; Miilkerblatt ; If figen- see; Wildhorn; Rohrbachstein; Wildstrubel. From Lenk to Gsteig, 200. — From Lenk to Saanen ; to Adel- boden, 201. 57. From Thun to Saanen through the Simmen-Thal . . 202 From Latterbach to Matten through the Diemtig-Thal. Stockhorn; Bad Weissenburg, 202. — Over the Gantrist Pass to the Gurnigelbad. From Reidenbach to BuUe, 203. — From Saanen to Chateau d'Oex, 204. 42. Bern. Hotels. *Bbrnerhof (PI. a; D, 4), Bundesgasse 3, R., L., . 21/2, pens. 8 fr.; '-Schmieden {Marichaux; PL k, E 3), unpretending; Hotel-Pension Ruof (PL 1; D, 3), Waisenhaus-Platz, E. 2, B. 1 fr. ; *Sternen (PL m; D, 3), Aarbergergasse, plain, R. IV2-2V2 , D. 21/2 fr. ; Hotel zu Zimmeeleuten (Pi. n; E, 3), Marktgasse; *Hirsch (PL o; D, 3), *Bar, both near the sta- tion, R. 2V2-3, D. 8 fr. ; Hotel dd Sauvage (Wilder Mann; PL p, D 3), Aarbergergasse, R. 2-21/2, B. IV2, D. 8 fr. ; Emmenthaler Hof, Neue Gasse; these last all moderate. Pensions. *Hertee (PL q; F, 4), well situated, near the cathedral; ♦Villa Fret, Schwarzthor-Str. 71 (PL r; A, 4), pens. 4-7 fr. ; Beau-Site, Niesenweg 8; Jolimont, Aussere Enge (IV2 M. ; p. 150), with line view 1^"^, ' ;- -^ "__ -T^^ v^ ~X -'./ " ' ^^ ^l w:^ ^^^^- i'»S ^ . BERN ^" * -" 1 13100 G 1 I L^,>^^1 1 B 1 C 1 . i^.,^U, c ■ : i Mi ^^^1 Ib o^ Gr.Schreckh" Finsleraarh" ■Uuteraarh" Strahlegg , FiMcherhorner A Bliimlisalp Friindenh^ ' ^N 33S7 irfienhf WeisseFrau ' Nieser °362S 36S1„ „ 236S BiiimUsalpstocik S^?"' '''R^ Doldenhom 3G47 BeHfluh 23S7 >>h>^^^-^^ J S BERN Idbriiclce (538m.). History. BERN. III. Route 42. 145 (6-6 fr.); ScHLoss Beemgarten, prettily situated on a peninsula in the Aare, 2V4 M. to the N. (road via the Neubrtick). Cafes and Restaurants. -Rail. Restaurant, D. 21/2 fr. ; *Ca/^ du Jura. ^Caf4 de France, at the hotels of these names, near the station; ^Oe- sellschaftshaus Mmeum, Baren-Platz, corner of the Bundesgasse, d^j. or D. I-2V2 fr. ; *Ca/^ National, Schauplatzgasse 3 (mural paintings of old Bern); -Cafi du Pont, beyond the Kirchenfeld bridge, to the right, with a fine view, dej. 2 fr. ; Schioellenmdtteli, adjacent, below, to the left (PI. E, 4; fish). — Good Wine on draught at the Ca/4 Bar, Schauplatzgasse 4 (quaint wall-paintings); Weibel, Zeughausgasse. — Beer Gardens. Cafi Sfernwarte, on the Grosse Schanze (p. 146); *Ca/^ Schdnzli (p. 150; daily concert or theatrical performance in summer, 2 fr., 1 fr. , 50 c.); "Cafi in the Innere Enge (p. 140), 1 M. from the Aarberg Gate; Restaurant Schlots Bremgarten, 2^/i M. to the N. (see above). — Confectioner. O. Stroebel- Durheim, Bahnhofa-Platz. Baths. River Baths in the Aare (58-68° Fahr.), at the Marzili (PI. D, 6; p. 149); Warm Baths in the Sommerlustbad , Laupen-Str. (PI. B, 4, 5; also Turkish and Swimming Baths). Cabs. One-horse, for 1/4 hr. 1-2 pers. 80c., 3-4 pers. Ifr. 20c.; each additional ^l\hT. 40 or 60 c. Two-horse: same fares as for 3-4 pers. with one horse. Box 20 c, small articles free. From 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., double fares. Whole day, i.e. over 8 hrs., 1-2 pers. 15 fr., 3-4 pers. 20fr. Tramway (moved by compressed air) from the Bears' Den through the chief street to the railway-station, and thence on to the 'Linde' (Bremgarten Cemetery; fares 10-20 c.) and back. Steam Tramway from the railway- station to Wabern (p. 151 ; 25 c.) and to the Langgasse (Bremgartenwald, lOc). Post and Telegraph Office (PI. C, 3), near the station. Branch-office in the Kramgasse. British Minister, F. R. St. John, Effinger-Strasse 49, office-hours 10-12. — American Minister, James 0. Broadhead ; Vice-Consul, J. E. Hinnen, Hir- schengraben 7 (9-12 and 2-4). — English Church Service in the Hall of the Lerber Schule, Neegeligasse 2, at 10.30 a.m. and 5 p.m. (4 p.m. in winter). The Official Enquiry Office (Verkehrsbureau), at the E. corner of the railway -station, opposite the Church of the Holy Ghost, furnishes infor- mation gratis as to sights, excursions, etc. — Money- Changer, opposite the chief entrance of the railway-station. Attractions. Visit the 'Kleine Schanze' and walk past the Federal Buildings to the Kirchenfeld-Briicke and the Historical Museum ; then to the Cathedral (Miinster-Terrasse) ; follow the Kreuzgasse to the Rath- haus; across the Nydeck-BrtLcke to the Bears' Den; return past the Zeit- glockenthurm to the Kornhaus-Platz and cross the Waisenhaus-Platz to the Art and Natural History Museum; lastly cross the railway-bridge to the Schanzli and then return to the station. Bern (1765'), the capital of Canton Bern, with 50,000 inhab. (including its extensive suburbs), has been the seat of the Swiss government since 1848. It is also the seat of a university (500-600 students), founded in 1834, and of the Central Office of the Inter- national Postal Union. Founded by Duke Berthold V. of Zahrin- gen in 1191, the town became independent of the Empire in 1218. By 1288 its powers had so increased that it warded off two sieges by Rudolph of Hapsburg, and in 1339 the Bernese overthrew the Burgundian nobles at the battle of Laupen (p. 215). In 1353 Bern joined the Confederation, and in 1528 the citizens embraced the reformed faith. In 1415 they conquered part of Aargau, and in 1536 they wrested the Pays de Vaud from the princes of Savoy; but in 1798 they were deprived of these territories. The city, in a striking situation, is built on a peninsula of sand- Babdbkbr, Switzerland. 16th Edition. 10 146 III. Route 42. BERN. Rathhaia. stone-rock, formed by the Aare, wMcli flows 100' below. Most of the broad principal streets run from E. to W. Those in the old part of the town are flanked with arcades (Lauben), which form a covered way for foot-passengers. One of the chief characteristics of Bern consists in its numerons fountains, most of them dating from the 16th cent., and recently restored. In other respects also Bern still retains more mediaeval features than any other large town in Switzerland. Bern is celebrated for its splendid views of the Alps (comp. pp. 147-150), and the phenomenon of the 'Alpine glow' (p. xvii) is seen here to great advantage. The chief artery of traffic is a series of broad streets , called the Spitalgasse, the Marktgasse, the Kramgasse, and the Gerechtig- keitsgasse, which extend from the Obere Thor (PI. C, 4) to the Ny- deck Bridge (p. 147), a distance of nearly a mile. In the Spital- gasse is the pretty Bagpiper Fountain, dating from early in the 16th century. At the beginning of the Maektgassb, where the Baren-Platz and the Waisenhaus-Platz mark the W. limit of the town down to 1346, stands the Kafigthurm (PI. D, 3), restored in the 17th century. The Marktgasse contains the &n.e Schiltzenbrunneji (Archer Fountain) of 1527 and the Seilerbrunnen, the latter with a statue of the foundress of the Insel Hospital (p. 150) on an ancient marble column. Farther on, beyond the interesting old guild-houses (Webern, Schmieden, Zimmerleuten), is the Zeitglockenthurm (PI. E, 3), the W. gate of the town in its earliest phase, but now its central point, rebuilt in the lo-17th cent., and recently decorated with frescoes. On the E. side is a curious clock, which announces the approach of each hour by the crowing of a cock , while just before the hour a troop of bears marches in procession round a sit- ting figure. Being the heraldic emblem of Bern, the bear frequently recurs. Thus, on the neighbouring Zdhringer-Brunnen (PI. E, 3, 4), In the Kkamgassb, Bruin appears with shield, sword, banner, and helmet. The Samson Fountain and the *0erechtigTceit3brunnen, the latter in the Geeechtigkeitsgasse, also deserve notice. The Kornhaus-Platz (PI. E, 3) is embellished with the gro- tesque Kindlifresser-Brunnen (Ogre Fountain), with a procession of armed bears on the shaft of the column. The Zornhans (PI. E, 3), built in 1711-16, contains a large open hall on the groundfloor, with 34 columns, in which the weekly coin-market takes place (wine- cellar below, much frequented 5 the largest cask contains about 8800 gal.). On the first floor is the cantonal Industrial Museum (collection of samples and models, open gratis, 10-12 and 2-5, Sun. 10-12, and on Frid. evening , 7-9 , with electric light). — The handsome new Kornhaus-Briiche leads hence to the Spitalacker, to the E. of the Schanzli (p. 150). Opposite, at the E. end of the Metzgebqasse, are the modern Old Catholic Church (PI. F, 3), in the Romanesque-Gothic style, designed by Deperthes of Rheims, and the cantonal Eathhaus or Cathedral. BERN. III. Route 42. 147 Town Hall (PI. F, 3), erected in 1406-16 in the Burgundian late- Gothic style and restored in 1862, approached by a handsome flight of steps, and adorned with the arms of the Bernese districts. The interior contains the rooms of the Great Council and of the Govern- ment Council. — Adjacent is the State Chancellery, a late-Gothic building of 1520-41. On the E. side of Bern, where the old castle oi Nydeck stood, the Aare is crossed by the handsome Nydeck Bridge (PI. H, 3), in three arches, built in 1844 by K. E. Miiller (tramway, see p. 145). The central arch has a span of 165', and is 100' high. On the right bank of the Aare is the Bears' Den (Barengraben), where Bruin is maintained, according to im- memorial usage, at the cost of the municipality. Bread and fruit are the only offerings permitted. — From this point the Muri-Stalden, a handsome avenue of plane-trees, affording a fine view of the town, ascends to the right, whence we may return to the (20 min.) centre of the town by the Marien-Strasse and the Kirchenfeld-Briicke (p. 146). The *Cathedral or Munster (PL F, 4), a fine late -Gothic structure, 93 yds. long, 37 yds. broad, and 76' high, was begun in 1421, completed in 1598, and restored in 1850. Round the whole of the roof runs a beautiful open Balustrade, the design of which is different between each pair of buttresses. The W. Portal is remark- ably fine; the sculptures represent the Last Judgment; in the outer arches are Christ, above, with the Virgin and John the Baptist on the left and right, and the Twelve Apostles ; in the inner (small- er) arches are the Prophets and the Wise and Foolish Virgins. The Tower, 328' high, was finished in 1890-94 from the plans of the German architect Beyer. iNTEEiOE (adm. 20c.; Sun., 2-6, free). The Stained Olass on the N. side of the Choir (one window representing the dogma of Transubstan- tiation) dates from 1496; that on the S. side is modern (1867). The Choir Stalls (1522) are adorned on one side with Christ and the Apos- tles, on the other with Moses and the Prophets. A monument with the armorial bearings of Berthold von Zahringen , the founder of Bern (see p. 145), was erected by the city in 1600. Another in memory of the magistrate Friedrich von Steiger, bears the names of the 702 Bernese who fell on 5th Slarch, 1798, at the Grauholz and at Neuenegg, in an engage- ment with the French. In front of this is a Pieta in marble, by Tscharner (1870). The great organ dates from 1849 (performance four times weekly in summer at 8V2 p.m. ; adm. 1 fr.). — The octagonal gallery of the Towek (223 steps; 20c.) commands a magnificent view. The Platz in front of the cathedral is adorned with an Equestrian Statue of Rudolph vonErlach, the victor at Laupen (p. 215), in bronze, designed by Volmar of Bern, and erected in 1848, with bears at the corners and inscriptions and trophies on the pedestal. The *Cathedral Terrace {Miinster-Terrasse ; PI. F, 4), rising abruptly 110' above the Aare, formerly the churchyard, is now a shady promenade with seats , adorned with a bronze statue of Ber- thold von Zahringen (p. 145), designed by Tscharner, with Bruin as a helmet-bearer. The view from this terrace, as indeed from every open space in Bern, is justly celebrated. In clear weather thepanora- ma of the Bernese Alps witnessed here is more extensive than from any other spot in the Oberland. 10* 148 III. Route 42. BERN. Histor. Museum. "■^^Views. The most important mountains are marked in the annexed Panorama. From other points (the Klosterhof, Bundes-Terrasse, Kleine Schanze, Cafe Schanzli, and the Enge outside the Aarberger Thor) the following mountains are also visible: — To the right of the Doldenhorn, the Balmhorn (12,180') with the Altels (11,930'; 37 M. distant), and over the Gurten, the bell-shaped summit of the Stockhorn (7195'; 18 M.) ; also, to the extreme left, the peaks of the Spannorter (10,515'; 53 M.) and the Schlossberg (10,280'; 54 M.), both in the canton of Uri ; the crest of the Bduchlen near Escholzmatt (SBICK; 24 M.), and the Feuerstein above the Entlebuch (6700'; 30 M.)- Comp. p. Id5. From the Cathedral Square we follow the Herrengasse to the Municipal Library (PI. E, 4; adm. on week-days, 2-4), containing numerous works on Swiss history, and to the University (PI. E, 4). We then turn to the left and cross the Klosterhof (the point whence our Panorama was taken) to the *Kirclienfeld - Brucke (PL E, 4; splendid view), a bold iron bridge built in 1882-83, 115' above the Aare, which crosses the Aare Valley in two graceful spans of 260' each and connects the old town with the new quarter in the Kirchenfeld. Here, in the Helvetia-Platz, rises the imposing new *Bern Historical Museum (PI. E, 5), a picturesque building in the med- iaeval style, designed by Lambert (adm. in summer daily 8-12 and 1-6, 50 c; Sun. IOV2-I2 and Tues. and Sat. 3-5, free). Middle Floor (first entered). The vestibule contains a number of models for a monument to Adrian von Bubenberg, the leader of the Bernese in the battle of Morat. — To the left (E.) is the Ethnographical Collection^ consisting chiefly of objects from Greenland, Canada, China, Japan, Persia, Central Africa, Borneo, and Java. — To the right (W.) is the Archaeological Collection^ including antiqxiities from lake-dwellings, implements of the flint, bronze, and iron periods, chiefly from the Jura, and Roman remains (bust from Aventicum, fragments of a mosaic floor from Herzogenbuchsee, bronze vase from Grachwyl). "Dppek Flook. In the handsome staircase are Armour of the 15-16th cent, and modern Weapons and Banners^ all from the Bern Arsenal. — To the right (E.). Boon I. Tapestry from Burgundy and the Netherlands, including embroidered Antependia from Lausanne and the Convent of Konigsfelden (p. 20), of the 13-15th cent.; table from the Bern Town Hall, 1576 ; Ecclesiastical Vestments of the 14-16th cent, (by the windows) ; Stained Glass of the 16th century. Room II. Articles in Wrought Iron, including some well-preserved swords of the 13-14th cent, (in a case). Room III (Silver Chamber). More than 200 silver Guild, Family, and Church Cups; Diptych of 1537, formerly supposed to be the field-altar of Charles the Bold, known to have been given to the Convent of Konigsfelden by Queen Agnes, and in Bern since the Reformation ; Bernese Coins. — To the left (W.) of the staircase. Room I. Tapestry from Lausanne and Burgundy (with the Burgundian and other arms) ; Bernese Magistrate's Chair of the 18th cent. ; views of Bern in the 17-18th centuries. Geound Floob. Reproductions of Early Swiss Rooms. To the N.W. of the Kirchenfeld-Briicke, conspicuously situated on the edge of the town-hill, are the Federal Buildings, or Bundes- liauser (PL D, 4), two handsome edifices in the Florentine palatial style, which are to be connected by a domed building not yet completed. The Bundeshaus-Ost, erected from Auer's designs in 1888-92, accommodates the departments of war and agriculture; the Bundeshaus-West, built by Stadler and Studer in 1852-57, con- tains the chambers of the two legislative assemblies (the 'National- Kumt-Mmmm. BERN. III. Route 4-2. 149 p'o^tlre 30 'l^^t'fh ^»*^*»"<""g« -e shown (free) by th. the S. facade, commands a splendid view ^ Near thp t?,,^.*. ^^ i, ^ statues of celebrated Bernese '*"""""*' ?' "5). '"lorned with Trains every 6 min. ; fare 10 c"" ®'**^l''^°^ents m the MarziU (p. 145). To the W of this point, passing the Bernerhof, a few Daces whT? ""% 'I '^' promenades on the *Kleine Schanze fPl C^ 41 which affords a superb survey of the Bernese Alps fcomp n 14?.' panorama by Imfeld on a round stone in the upper pTomfnadeV' V!l"fT^^ *^' Aare Valley and the Kirchenfeld-Brrke wi h %T\nlt""'""^'''''^''' ^"^ the Historical Museum to the vater (promoter of gymnastics). ^' hv ^?Hi^''-'''^Q?S''^'^ ^^^- ^' ^3 in the Waisenhaus-Str., built by Stettler in 18.9, is open on week-days, 9-12 and 1-5 radm 50c OnV^r'- '"^r ^""•' 10-30-12 and 1-4; catalogue 50^c) ' sheikh, after J/arce^MplSv'sS™ ^^^1^^ ^°^ «f ^° ^^-^b On the left, three ?"^^".'^^«^ Bern Cathedral. — Room I VlPftl Q? ■^'^'!^.^' ^ , 7 i . V ^^'^ others, from 115. Ch. HumberU Ca?t^e at a forf* IsV Pw^'i?^^'^ '^^ ^'^^^t-' ^^ove, of the Lauterbrunnen-Thal from Wenffen- tfi-^ A k/tV. t? ^.^^^h /^®^ cS '''t ^:''-T'^-^^ OrLnt;TTcfne;'fbovt, m'^^^S'sTreetln MeirTnV;.^ reading to l"s sick grandfather; 37. Al. Calame, Waterfall a Wamarl"\\.fV%^'^l\^' ^^ ^^^«^' Arch of Ti\us at Rome; llo A- SJ above Ld^nn' oY.'T,"'^ *^"^«^°^^« ^°d the French at'crauholz Wnco I 1 • , ''°^' ^■^^- ^^"'^ Stauffer, Sister of the artist • 160 Th Pixii ?o Taptism In wrt.'' '^'^.'^'l' ^.^'^^^ ^^« execution's. iaim«I,Go!n^ bvSjf. tTr ^ 1J' 256. /«n^, Forest-Jandscape in 'autumn, with figure! byAc«e, , 147. Z). il/eyer. Woman of the Simmen-Thal; 92,93.^. Girar^l 150 III. Route 4-2. BERN. Going to school, Alms-giving \ 42. O. Castan, Lake of Oeschinen. — Ca- binet. 88. K. Qehri^ Golden wedding; 38. A. Calame, Handeck. This and the three following cabinets chiefly contain works by Swiss masters of the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Opposite is the Natural History Museum (PL D, 3), built by A. Jahn in 1879-81 (open in summer, Tues. and Sat., 2-5, and Sun., 10.30-12.30, free; on other days, 8-6, adm. 1 fr. ; for 2-5 pers., 50 c. each, larger parties 3 fr.). Gbodnd Flock. In the entrance-hall are busts of A. von Sailer (p. 149) and E. L. Grunner (d. 1883), the geologist; also a geological map of Switzerland. By the staircase is a group of chamois. The room to the right contains the Collection of Minerals^ which includes two cases of magnificent crystals from the St. Gotthard. Bust of B. Studer (d. 1887). To the left is the Palaeontological Collection^ rich in Alpine fossils. Perfect skeletons of the Irish elk and the cave-bear. Relief of the Bernese Ober- land by Ed. Beck. — On the first and second floors is the Zoological Collection. In the central saloon (1st floor), with ceiling-frescoes by Bal- dancoli, are large ruminants. In the room on the left, birds and eggs. In the room on the right, mammalia. Adjacent, a small room devoted to the Swiss fauna; Barry, the celebrated St. Bernard dog. — On the 2nd floor, to the left, reptiles, amphibia, fish, corals, and sponges; to the right, moUusks, crabs, insects, echinodermata, and worms. Adjoining the Museum on theE. is the large new School Building (PI. D, 3), accommodating the Gymnasiiim and the Commercial and Elementary Schools. — The old Cavalry Barracks (PI. D, 3), near the post-office, contain the Industrial Exchange (groundfloor), the Pharmaceutical Institute (1st floor), and the Permanent Educational Exhibition (2nd floor), the last of great interest for teachers (open free on week-days, 8-il and 1-4). The promenades on the Grosse Schanze, above the station to the W. (PI. B, C, 3), afford an extensive panorama, but the view of the city is less picturesque than from other points. At the top are the Observatory (1880'), the Head Offices of the Jura-Simplon Railway^ the Women's Hospital, and a bust of President Stdmpfli (d. 1879). To the W. of the town, in the continuation of the Laupen-Strasse (PI. A, 3, 4), is the Inseltpital, a large hospital on the pavilion system (1880-84), originally founded in 1354 (in the Inselgasse, p. 146). Adjacent are the University Clinical Institutes. Crossing the Railway Bridge (^. 17), at theN.W. end of the town, we pass the Botanic Garden (PL D, 2) and reach (1/2 M.) the *Schan2li (PI. E, 2; Cafe-Restaurant, seep. 135; adm. for non- customers 50 c), with a terrace and grounds commanding the finest view near Bern. In the foreground lies the picturesque city; above it rises the wooded Gurten ; to the left are the Bernese Alps, and to the right the Stockhorn chain, adjoined by the Freiburg Mts. ; to the extreme W. is the Moleson. — Adjacent is the Pension Victoria, for invalids. The large Military Depot of Canton Bern, in the Beunden/eld beyond the Schanzli, erected in 1874-78 at a cost of 41/2 million francs, comprises an arsenal, offices, stables with riding-schools, and barracks. Adjacent is the large Drill Ground. To the N., 1 M. from the Aarberg Gate, on the left bank of the Aare past the Deer and Chamois Park (comp. PI. C, 1), is the *Enge (Cafe THUN. Ill, Route iS, 151 see p. 146), rising high above the Aare, with promenades and view of the town and the Alps. A monument commemorates Gottlieb Studer (1804-90), the Alpine authority. Adjacent is the beautiful Bremgarien Forest, with marked paths. The view from the *Gurten (2825'; Inn), a long hill to the S. of Bern, embraces, besides the Bernese Alps (p. 137), the Stockhorn chain, the Frei- burg Alps , the Jura for a distance of 100 M., with parts of the Lake of Neuchatel ; and, to the left, the Unterwald and Lucerne Mts. as far as Pi- latus. A steam-tramway r\ins half-hourly from Bern railway-station to (10 min.) Wabern, whence several paths ascend to the top. On the hillside, are the Bachtelen asylum for deserted boys and the girls' institute Victoria. Above Belp (p. 153), 7 M. to the S. of Bern, lies Zimmerwald (2815'; Hot, -Pens. Beau-Sejour), charmingly situated, and (4 M. farther) BUtschelegg (3470'; Inn), with an extensive view. — During a longer stay, excursions may be undertaken to the Friesmjlhiibel (2385'; 4 hrs.), to the Belpberg (3592'; 43/4 hrs.), and to the Falkenfluh (3410'; 4 hrs., see below). 43. From Bern to Thun. Comp. Map, p. 152. 191/2 M. Railway (Gentralbahn) in 1 hr. (3 fr. 35, 2 fr. 35, 1 fr. 70 c). View to the right as far as Miinsingen; thence to Uttigen on the left. — Through-trains from Bern to Interlaken (Thunersee Railway, p. 155). Bern, see p. 144. On tlie Wylerfeld (p. 18} the train turns to the right, affording an admirahle survey of the Alps to the S. ; to the left is the lunatic asylum of Waldau. 3 M. Ostermundingen. — 5 M, Qumlingen (Hot. Mattenhof), junction for Lucerne (p. 140). About 21/4 M. to the E. is the ^Pension Dentenherg (2325'}. The Giebel (I/4 hr.) commands a fine view. — 8 M. Rubigen ; 10 M. Miinsingen. On the right rise the Stockhorn and Niesen, on the left the Monch, Jungfrau, Bliimlisalp, and (farther on) Eiger. 121/2 ^^ Wichtrach; 14^/2 M. Kiesen. From this point a road ascends via Dieshach in 21/2 l^rs. to the Falkenfluh (3410'), a health-resort with an unpretending inn and a fine view. Near (I51/2 M.) Uttigen we cross the Aare. 191/2 M. Thun. — Railway Stations. Thun, the chief station, on the N.W. side of the town; ScherzUgen (formerly Thun-See), to the S. (for Inter- laken), where passengers alight for the steamer. — The Steamer (p. 155) calls at Thun-Stadt, near the Hotel Freienhof, at Thun-Hofstetten, above the large hotels, and at ScherzUgen, close to the railway-station (see above). Hotels. 'Thuneb Hof or Gkand Hotel, a large first-class house , with a garden on the Aare, R. 3V2-7, L. 3/4, A. 1 , B. IV2, dej. 3, D. 5. pens. 8-15, omn. 1 fr. ; *Bellevde, with grounds, R. 2-5, L. & A. 1, B. IV2, d^j. 3, D. 41/2, pens. 71/2-12, omnibus 1 fr.; '=H6t.-Pens. Baumgaeten, with grounds, and dependance (Choist) on the Aare, R., L., & A. 3-5, D. 4, pens. 6-10 fr. — "^Freienhof (PI. c), in the town, with cafe-restaurant and garden on the Aare, R., L., & A. 21/2, B. I1/4, D. 3, S. 2, pens. 6-7 fr. ; *Falken (PI. a), near the station, with terrace on the Aare, same prices; *Weisses Krecz (PI. d), next the post-office, D. 3 fr. ; *Keone, Rathaus-Platz (PI. R P.), R., L., & A. 11/2-21/2, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 4-6 fr. ; Schweizerhof (PL 6), at the end of the street leading straight from the station, R. li/2-3, D. 21/2, pens. 5-7 fr.; ■'Bar, farther on, beyond the bridge, unpretending. — *Pens. Itten, on the Amsoldingen road, 61/2 fr. ; Pens. Eichbuhl, on the lake, near Hilter- fingen, 2 M. to the S.E. Munich beer at the Falkenhalle (in the Hotel Falken ; PL a). Native beer at the Steinbock and in several beer-gardens. — Cubgarten. Concerts daily 3.30-5 and 8-10 p.m. Adm. 50 c; weekly ticket 2, monthly 5 fr. 152 ///. Route 43. THTJN. Baths in the very rapid and cold Aare, to the N. of the town, 50 c. Warm Baths at the Bdlliz Baths. — Boat on the lake, according to tariff, 3 fr. per hour, 2 hrs. 5 fr., 3 hrs. 7, 1/2 day 8, whole day 10 fr. ; but better terms may sometimes be made. — Monet- Chan gee. A. Enechtenho/er^ opposite the Thuner-Hof. Post & Telegkaph Office (PI. P), on the Aare island. Cab to or from the station 1 fr. Carriage with one horse the first hour 5, with two horses 10 fr., each addit. hour 3 and 5 fr. To Wimmis 8 or 15, to Kandersfeg 22 or 40, to Weissenburg 13 or 24, to Zweisimmen 28 or 50, Ge:isenay 35 or 60, Gsteig 40 or 70, Chateau d'Oex 40 or 70, Aigle 80 or 150, Gurnigel 25 or 45 fr. English Chapel in the grounds of the Bellevue. Thun (1844'), a quaint old town with 5500 inhab., charmingly situated on the rapid green Aare, 3/4 M. below its efflux from the lake, forms a fitting portal to the beauties of the Oberland. All the open spaces in the town command splendid views to the S.E. of the snowy peaks of the Bliimlisalp and the Doldenhorn (comp. lower row of the Niesen panorama, to the left), with the Niesen in the foreground and the Stockhorn chain to the left of it. Thnn is the seat of the Federal Military School , for commissioned and non- commissioned officers. The Artistic Pottery of Thun has a consider- able reputation ; one of the chief manufactories is that of Wanzen- ried at Schwdbis, 1 M. to the N.W. (depot in Thun-Hofstetten). Above the town rises the large and conspicuous square tower of the old Castle of Zdhringen-Kyhurg (PL S) with a turret at each corner, erected in 1182, and within the walls of the castle is the Amts-Schloss, or residence of the Bernese bailiffs, erected in 1429. It may be reached from the N. gate (V4M. from the station via the "bridges), by a covered flight of steps from the market-place (PI. RP), and on the S.E. by another flight of steps or by an easy path from the Hotel-Pension Baumgarten. The tower contains a small histor- ical museum (50 c.). A walk round the castle discloses a series of beautiful views. Still more picturesque are the views from the Church (PI. K; 1738), to the S.E. of the castle, and from the pavilion in the corner of the churchyard. Walks. On the right bank of the Aare, about 110 yds. above the Thun- Hofstetten landing-place (p. 151), is a finger-post (left) indicating a flight of steps, which ascends, at first between houses, to the Q/t hr.) 'Pavilion St. Jacques (Jakohshiibeli; 2100'), commanding the lake, the Alps from the Finsteraarhorn to the Doldenhorn, Thun, and the valley of the Aare. [Guests of the Hotel Bellevue can reach this point by a prettier route through the hotel-grounds. J A sign-post here shows the way to (10 min.) the Pavilion (fine view of Thun); to the (3/4 hr.) Rabenfluh; to the (25 min.) Kohleren Waterfalls-, and to (1 hr.) the Haltenegg (see below). Close to the Pavilion St. Jacques is the Pension- Curhaus Obere Wacht (pens. 5 fr.). — Another walk is by the road on the right (N.) bank of the Aare and of the lake across the Bdchimatt, with its pretty grounds and Alpine view, to the (20 min.) Chartreuse (the property of the Parpart family). Here (or by a shorter path 8 min. farther back) we turn to the left, passing the Bdchiholzli, cross (10 min.) the ffiinibach, and follow a path through the picturesque Kohleren Raviney where the brook forms several small falls. This path ascends to the Griisisbergwald (see below) and the Goldiwyl road (V2 hr. ; see below). The Ooldiwyl Road, which diverges to the right from the Steffisburg road, at the ^HubeU\ a few hundred yards to the N. of the town (shorter i 1 m j---ts- S •3'^ - «0O CO Fe"^ 1 1 ^ li - E -S Og OT __ Sn g <£> ^H |f| -eS-E-w --'. l"l« -g > >; 5 >;.. (' it"- k 1 |s_-|- C Is ^ "^ sF j= j: "^ til 4 Si 1? c" 1" u^ ffi^- -tc 9 ^ '" ' b' ^s — S '^"^O . ^ ^. ;" ^|i--A^ ---^>- °5° " '■ '■ -£s "1^7^" ■Ps -_sg t? ' m c: u 5g . _ 1^ ^ E Ou, £2 «"' ^ I'll. v« M 3S : li^ - ■00 n -a 0) — •00 ? .2 •28^ 53S '%.<■ ■jf GURNIGELBAD. III. Route 43. 153 Tiath to the right at the Hot.-Pens. Baumgarten, with numerous guide- oSta/ leads along the slope of the Griisisberg, the fine woods of which Le intersected by numerous walks. Fine view of the town the valley of the Aare, and the Stockhorn chain from the Rappenfluh or Rabenfluh{m^ ; 1 hr.). Hence we may return to the town, in a curve towards the N., iia the Briindlisberg (2397'; 20 min.), another view-point '^^"^•i the Pavi on St Jacques ('/2 hr.), or we may go to the S. direct to the Pavilion St Tacoues After about 2V4 M. the Goldiwyl road joins a road connect- ing irwUhtht above mentioned road on the right bank of the Aare and divides. The left branch leads to (IV2 M.) (?oW.«2/l(316o'; Zysset s Inn) thlrfght to (2V4 M.) Heiligenschwmdi (3324'), 3/4 M to the S. of which 19 Se -Ealtenegg &870, affording a magnificent view of he lake and the Alps Schloss Icnadau. about 1/. M. to the S «/ Scherzligen see p 155 (park open on Sun.). - Schloss Eiinegg, IV2 M- to the S. of Thun-Hofstetten, see p. 156. _ ^. Longer Excursions. To the N. of Thun (H/. M. ; diligence 6 times daily in^20 min.-, carr. with one horse 3 fr.) is the considerable village of Steffisburg (brewery), on the Zulg, whence we may ascend m Vj^r to ?L small sLlittweyer-Bad (2625', pens. 5 fr) with its P^^.^^^^.^P^^? 0^°^ nrettv walks Thierachern (1867'; Lowe), with fine view, 3 M. to the W., 6 M. farthir to tbe W, Ld Blumemtein and the Fallback; thence through wood ?n li/Ur. to the Gurnigel-Bad (see below). Baths o/Schwefelb^^g (3V2hr . to the W. of Blumenstein, beyond the Gantpsi ^«f/)' see p. 203. - ^"'^^- S beautiful walks and mountain-views. - The Stockhorn (trom Blumen- stein or Amsoldingen 4-472 hrs.), see p. 202. , . x., ^ TotheGdknigel-Bad, from Thun a walk of 31/2 hrs. (guide desirable), or a drWe of 4 hrs. (carr'. with one horse 25, with two horses 45 fr.); or frnm Rprn direct (17 M. ; diligence twice daily in 4V2 hrs., tare i ir I5T co^pe^ 8 fr. 60 c^ The road from Bern leads by WaUrnj^nd i.VJ., and (lea;ing Belp on the left) fo^l«-« ^^.^YioV' M ) S' thai soon affording a fine view of the Bernese Alps, to (JVz M.) io^ew- At (iIiTm ) V/rclm^ftwrnen (1995') it ascends to the right to the la ge Ullage of Riggisberg i2m)'; Sonne), beyond which we follow a road » the left to(15M)i2^M»and ascend steeply through the Laaswald to the (17 M.) 'Gurnigelbad (37830, a favourite health-resort, with a spring ^^P^^S^^^^J with lime and sulphAr, situated on a broad plateau (600 beds, R.2I/2-6, board eSfr- S B.G.H.): Extensive wood-walks in the environs: to (1/2 hr)5e/'^ ,Si;;d (Inn)\ past the Laashofe to the (1 hr.) Langnet-Bad; to th| Ji^ ObereGurnigel 05070-), an admirable point of view; to the J'/^hr.) 5eeJi6»/< (SS).- Over the Lubuhlgrat to (2V2hrs.) 5ad ^cW«i6^r|, see|^203 over the Gantrist to Bad Weissenburg (5-6 hrs.), see p 20o --From WatUn ,r„7 fS M to the W. of Thun and 3 M. to the S.W. of stat. Uitigen (V-^^^h r^leasfntpath'which cannot be mistaken, ascends toBad Gurn.gel m 2V2hrs. To Saanen through the valley of the Simme, see R. 57. 44. The Niesen. _ Chair-porters 12 fr. (four porters are required ^"^ ^"^gf^^? ..jigence Svi€z(v 1561 is the station both for Wimmis (2-^/4 M., f^]f:^^^ thrice'dairyin 40min., 85 c.) and for the Heustrichbad (4M.; 154 III. Route dd. NIESEN. diligence twice daily in 55 min., 1 fr. 10 c). — The diligence starts at the railway-station; carriages may also be obtained at the steam- boat-wharf. — The Kander-Thal road (comp. p. 191) crosses the railway near Spiezmoos, at its junction with the Thun road, and leads to the left to (17* M.) Spiezwyler (Bar). It then divides, the left branch leading to Heustrichbad and Friitigen (see below), while the right branch descends in a wide curve (to the left a direct footpath through wood) to the Kanderbriicke, with a fine view of the Bliimlisalp, and thence proceeds in a straight direction to (21/4M.) — Wimmis(2080'; pop. 1242; *Loiye), a pretty village in a very fer- tile district, at the E. base of the Burgjluh (3248'), overlooked by a castle which is now occupied by a school and the local authorities. The church is mentioned in ancient documents as early as 533. Ascent of the INiesen feom Wimmis. The route (at first a narrow cart-track) ascends on the S. side of the Burgfluh. After 35 min. it crosses the Staldenbach ; 3 min. later, by a gate, is a finger-post indicating the path to the left ('Niesen 33/4 hrs.'), which ascends in zigzags through pastures and wood, passing the chalet on the Bergli. By the (2 hrs.) chalets of Unierstalden (4940') the path crosses to the right bank of the Staldenbach, and winds up the slopes of the Niesen, past the chalets of Oherstalden (5833'). The prospect first reveals itself beyond the (IV4 hr.) Staldenegg (6346'), a sharp ridge connecting the Bettfiuh (7924') or From- berghorn with the Niesen. Thence to the top 1 hr. more. Beyond Spiezwyler (see above) the road to Heustrichbad and Frutigen continues to follow the ridge, affording views of the Bliim- lisalp, the Niesen (r.), and, beyond the lake (1.), the Sigriswyl Rothorn and the Ralligstocke. After 3/^ M. a branch diverges to the left to Aeschi (p. 156), while the main road descends gradually to the Kander-Thal. At the Casino Inn in Emdthal, 4 M. from Spiez, our road diverges to the right from that to Frutigen (p. 191) and crosses the Kander. On the left bank, at the foot of the Niesen, lies the much-frequented — *Heustrichbad (2300'; board 31/2-6 fr.; S.B, G.H.), with an al- kaline-saline sulphur-spring, pleasure-paths, and a view of the Bliimlisalp. A good bridle-path ascends the grassy slopes behind the baths in wind- ings (whenever it divides, the steeper branch must be selected), as far as an ancient lime-tree, with a bench (V2 hr.); then through wood (1 hr.) and over pastures, past the chalets of Schlechtenwaldegg and the Eegem- Alp (6308'), in numerous windings, to the (21/2-3 hrs.) summit, with the extreme top to the right and the Niesen Inn to the left. This route afifords beautiful and diversified views-, milk at the two upper chalets. The *Niesen (7763'; WeissmuUers Inn, 5 min. below the top, R. 4, B. 2 fr.), the conspicuous N. outpost of a branch of the Wild- strubel, and like Pilatus regarded as an infallible barometer (see p. 102), rises in the form of a gently sloping pyramid. The rocks at the base are clay-slate, those of the upper part sandstone-conglom- erate. The view vies with that from the Faulhorn (comp. the Pano- rama, p. 153). The beautiful snow-clad Bliimlisalp is seen to great advantage. Best light towards sunset or in the morning before 10 o'clock. 155 45. From Thun to Interlaken. Lake of Thun. Comp. Map, p. 152. a, Thunersee Railway. 163/4 M. Railway in I-IV4 hr. (3 fr. 25, 2 fr. 20, 1 fr. 50 c); from Bern to Interlaken in 2-2V2 trs. (6 fr. 60, 4 fr. 50, 3 fr. 20 c). — Through railway tickets may be also used for the steamboat (see below), but allow no break in the journey. TUun, see p. 151. — 1/2 M. ScherzUgen (see p. 151), on the left bank of the Aare, which here emerges from the lake ; the station is opposite the steamhoat-pier (see below). The train skirts the W. bank of the lake, with a ^-iew of the Stockhorn chain to the right, and the Bernese Alps from the Wetterborn to the Bliimlisalp to the left. 3 M. G'lfJaff (Schiiflej Post). Beyond /Sfraf^Zit/en, with its old tower (p. 143), we cross the gorge of the Kander (p. 191) by a handsome bridge, 65 yds. long and 98' high. 6 M. Spiez (2090'). The station is high above the village (p. 156) ; splendid view of the Lake of Thun and the mountains on its N. bank (Ralligstocke; Sigriswyler Rothhorn, etc.) ; in the foreground Spiez with its chateau, and to the S.E. and S. the Bernese Alps. Beyond Spiez the line descends past the village of Faulensee (p. 156) ; it then skirts the precipitous slopes of the S. bank, passing through three tunnels near Krattigen. 11 M. Leissigen (*Steinbock; *Weisses Kreuz), pleasantly situated at the foot of the Morgenberg- horn (p. 162; road to Aeschi, see p. 157). Beatenberg (p. 158) is visible high above the N. bank of the lake. — 1372 M. Ddrligen (Pens. Seller, Scharz, Schwalbenheim). To the left, near the influx of the Aare, is the ruin of Weissenau. The train skirts the new Aare Channel and reaches the station of Interlaken (p. 158). b. Steamboat Journey. Steamboat (Restaurant on board, D. 2V2 fr.), 8-9 times daily in I-IV2 hr. from Thnn-Stadt (p. 151) to Interlaken (fare 2 fr. 95 c). — Stations Hofstetten, ScherzUgen, Oberhofen, Ounten, Spiez, Merligen, Beaienbucht, Leissigen, Ddr- ligen (the last two not always touched at). The steamboat starts from the Freienhof Hotel (p. 151), ascends the Aare, stops at Hofstetten on the right bank (p. 151), and then at the rail, station of ScherzUgen (see above). To the left, among trees, is the Chartreuse (p. 152); to the right, on the peninsula where the Aare emerges from the lake, Schloss Schadau, a building in the English Gothic style, with numerous turrets and a large park. The Lake of Thun (1850'), which the steamer now enters, is 11 M. long and nearly 2 M. wide ; its greatest depth is 1130'. The *View from the steamer is magnificent. The Stockhorn (7195'), with its conical summit, and the pyramidal Niesen (7763') rise on the right and left of the entrance to the valleys of the Kander and Simme (p. 202). To the left of the Niesen are the glittering snow-flelds of the Bliimlisalp ; on the right, at the head of the Kan- der-Thal, the Friindenhorn, Doldenhorn, Balmhorn, Altels, and 156 III. Route 45. SPIEZ. Lake of Rinderhom gradually become visible (from left to right). In the direction of Interiaken appear successively (from left to right) the Mittaghorn, Jungfrau, Monch, Eiger in the foreground, and farther off the Schreckhorn and Wetterhorn. The steamer skirts the N.E. bank, which is clothed below with villas and gardens and higher up with woods, and passes the pretty village of Hilterfingen. To the left is the chateau of Hiinegg, in the French Renaissance style (adm. to the park on application to the gar- dener, who lives on the road, close by ; no fee). The boat touches at Oberhofen (Pensions Moy, *Oberhofen, *Blau; Restaurant Zimmer- mann), which has a picturesque chateau of Countess Pourtales, and at Crunten (^Weisses Kreuz; *Pens. du Lac, 5 fr., Hirsch, both on the lake; Pens. Schonberg, on the hill). In the vicinity (1 1/2 M. from the lake) the water of the Guntenbach has worn a curious gorge for it- self, with waterfalls (path and bridges at present much damaged). A road ascends from Gunten to (3/4 hr.) Sigriswyl (2620' ; Pens. Bar, from 5 fr.), a prettily situated village. The Blume (4577'; fine view) is as- cended hence in 2 hra. via Schwanden ; the Sigviswyl-GratiVorder-Bergli, 5508' ; Hintei'-Bergli, 6056') by the Alpiglen Alp in 2V2-3 hrs.; the ''Sigriswyler Roth- horn (6737'), the highest point of the Sigriswyl-Grat, in 4 hrs. (with guide). — On the steep slope of the Sigriswyl-Grat towards the Justisthal (p. 158) is the Schafloch (5840'), a grand ice-cavern, reached from the Obere Bergli by a giddy path in 3/4 hr. (guide, ice-axe, and torches necessary). The steamer now crosses the lake, at its broadest part, to — Spiez. — Hotels. *Spiezee Hof, by the pier, with garden and lake- baths, R. 21/2-5, L. 1/2, A. 3/4, B. IV2, de'j. 3, D. 4, pens. 6-12 fr. , Eng. Church Serv. in summer; *H6t.-Pens. Schonegg, V2 M. from the lake, near the rail, station, E,., L., & A. 2V2-4 , B. ii/2, de'j, 2V2, D. 31/2, pens. 7-10 fr.; Pens. Itten, 3 min. to the W. of the station; Railway Restaurant, with rooms and fine view of Spiez. — Post & Telegraph Office, at the rail, station. — Carriage from the rail, station or pier to Wimmis 4, with two horses 7 fr. ; to Heustrichbad 5 or 10 fr. (see p. 153j ; to Aeschi 6 or 12 fr. The village of Spiez., the starting-point for an ascent of the Niesen (p. 153) and for excursions to the Kander and Simme val- leys (pp. 191, 202), is the most attractively situated place on the Lake of Thun. The picturesque old chateau, which formerly belonged to the Erlach family, is now the property of a Berlin gentleman, who has restored it and surrounded it with pretty grounds. The road ascends among the houses and orchards of the village and divides into three branches at the (1/2 M.) Pension Itten. That in a straight direction leads to the Railway Station (235' above the lake; 3/4 M, from the pier), that to the left to Faulensee(p. 157), and that to the right to Wimmis and the Kander-Thal (pp. 154, 191). From Spiez to Aeschi, 21/4 M. (carr., see above). The road diverges to the left from the Kander-Thal road, about 3/4 M. to the S. of Spiez- wyler (p. 154). Walkers may follow the Faulensee road from the rail, station and then (20 min.) ascend the path to the right (finger-post; V2 br.). The village of Aeschi (2818'; "Hdt.-Pens. Bliimlisalp, pension 5-7 fr. ; ~Hdt.- Pens. Niesen) lies on the height between the Lake of Thun and the Kan- der-Thal, with a charming view of the lake, and is visited as a health-resort. A pleasant road also leads in 2 hrs. from Leifsigen (p. 155) to Aeschi via Krattigen (Stern). From Aeschi to the Eetistrichhad (p. 154), footpath in 40 min. ; to the Miilinen road, 3,4 hr. (The Faulenseebad , see p. 157, is 1 M. to the S. E.) Thun. MERLIGEN. III. Route 45. 157 Descent to Emdthal or Miilinen, IV2 M. — From Aeschi to the Saxeten- THAL, a pleasant route (7V2 hrs. ; guide unnecessary). Road by AescM-Ried in the Suldthal to the (6 M.) Untere Suldalp (3418'); then a bridle-path, past a fine waterfall of the Suldbach, to the (IV4 hr.) Schlieren-Alp (4675') i ascent to the left to the (IV2 hr.) Tanzbodeli Pass (6168'), between the Morgenberghorn and the Schwalmern; then descent bv the Einter-Bergli- Alp to (IV2 hr.) Saxeten (p. 162). The Morgenberghorn (7383') may be ascended from the pass in IV2 hr. (guide desirable for the inexperienced), or direct from Aeschi via Aeschi- Allmend, the Sonnenberg, and the Hutmad Alp in 5 hrs. The ascent of the Schwalmern (9137') from the Suldthal is more interesting, but fit for experts only, with guide; descent past the Sulegg (p. 162) to Saxeten or Isenfluh. From Spiez two black peaks are visible for a short time towards the E., above the S. bank of the Lake of Brienz; that to the right is the Faulhorn, the broader (left) the Schwarzhorn. The next station on the S. bank is Faulensee, above which (3 M. from Spiez) is the Faulens€e-Bad(2Q26' ; *H6telYictoria, pens. 6-12 fr.), with amineral spring, pleasant grounds, and beautiful view (Engl. Ch. Serv. in summer). On the N. bank we next observe the abrupt Sigriswyl-Orat, with the bold Ralligstocke (6066') and the Sigriswyler Rothhorn (6737'). On the lake is Schloss Ralligen. Beyond stat. Merligen (*n6t. Beatus, with garden on the lake, pens. 5-6 fr. 5 Lowe), at the mouth of the Justisthal, the steamer proceeds to the (Y4 hr.) Beatenbucht (Restaurant), the station for St. Beatenberg (see below). The Nase, a rocky headland, here projects into the lake. High up on the steep bank runs the boldly constructed road (Merligen to Interlaken 6 M.), hewn in the rock and passing through two tun- nels. On the lake is the chateau of Lerow, near the Beatenhach, which issues from the Beatushohle, 3/^ M. above the road, making a noise like thunder in spring and after heavy rain. Farther on the road threads three more tunnels and then runs above the ravine of the Sundgraben (p. 158), in which lie the houses of Sundlauenen. It next passes the Kublihad or St. Beatusbad, the Neuhaus, and the Pension Simpkin, and reaches Unterseen. The steamer, which sometimes calls at Leissigen (p. 155) on the S. bank, next enters the Aare Channel (1^/4 M. long 5 to the left, the ruin of Weissenau, p. 155) and stops at the landing-place near the W. or principal station of Interlaken (p. 158). From Beatenbucht to St. Beatenberg , Cable Tramway in 16 min. (ascent 2^2 fr., descent 1 fr., return-fare 3 fr.). The line, opened in 1889, is 1 M. long and has an average gradient of 1 : 3. The station at the top is 5 min. from the Curhaus. From Interlaken to St. Beatenberg, by road, 7 M. This diverges to the left from the Habkern road (p. 163), about 1 M. from Unterseen, crosses the Lombach, and winds upwards through the wood (one-horse carr. 13, two-horse 24, to the Curhaus 14 or 25 fr.). Walkers, with the aid of short-cuts, take 1 hr. from the Lombach bridge to a roadside inn, and 8/4 hr. thence to the H6tel des Alpes. 158 III. Route 45. ST. BEATENBERO. St. Beatenberg. — Hotels. *Cdehaus, at the W. end of the village, near a wood, with 130 beds and 2 'de'pendances', R. 3-5, D. 41/2, S. 3, pens. 71/2-12 fr. (S.B.G.H.). The following are named in their order from W. to E. : Pension Edelweiss; *Pension Beatkice, 41/2-6, in July and Aug. 5-7 fr.5 *Hot.-Pens. Blumlisaip, V* M- from the Curhaus, R., L., & A. from 2, B. 1, D. 3, pens, from 5 fr.; *Hot.-Pens. "Waldeand, similar prices; *H6t.- Pens. Schonegg (an Evangelical resort), in the middle of the village, 41/2- 6V2, in July and Aug. 5V2-7V2fr.; Fedz, village inn; *GRAND^^j:jeLVic- TOBiA, a fij-st-class house 11/4 M. from the Curhaus, rebuilf^ter a nr^^ 1894; -Hot.-Pens. zur Post, E., L., & A. 21/2-41/2, B. I1/2, D. 3, pens. 6-10, omn, Ifr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Bellevde, frequented by the English, 71/2- 9 fr. ; 'Pens. SiLBEEHOEN^^'iTiTir." from'TS^ Curhaus, 6-71/2 fr. ; Pens. Balmee ; on the other side of the Sundgraben : *H6t.-Pens. Alpeneose, 6-8 fr.; *H6t.- Pens. des Alpes, 3 M, from the Curhaus, R., L., & A. 21/2, B. I1/2, M. 3, pens, from 5 fr. — Private Lodgings. — English Church. — Good wood- carvings at moderate prices. The village of St. Beatenberg (3775'), a favourite health-resort, stretches along the flank of the Beatenberg for 2V2 M., overhung by the rocky ridge of the Quggisgrat and occupying both sides of the Sundgraben, the deep-sunken bed of a mountain-torrent. Admirable view of the Alps, from the Schreckhorn to the Niesen, including the Eiger, Monch, Jungfrau, Bliimlisalp, Doldeuhorn, and Wildstrubel. Pleasant paths, with benches in commanding situations, have been laid out above and below the road. At the Pens. Edelweiss is a finger-post indicating the way to the Waldbrand (25 min. ; green marks), the Vorsass, and the Niederhorn; one at the Hot. -Pens. Bliimlisalp indicates the Parallel Promenade (blM-C marks); another between the church and the Victoria shows the way to the (3/4 M.) Beatushohle (p. 157; red marks); a fourth, at the Bellevue, points upwards towards the (1/2 hr.) Kdnzli (white and blue marks). The finest point of view is the "Amisbiihel (4383'; Inn at the top), 25 min. to the E. of the Hotel Alpenrose. Walkers from Interlaken diverge from the road to the right by a finger-post, 2 M. beyond the Alpenrose and 1/2 M. from the Hotel des Alpes, at a point where a sign-post indicates the route down to the Beatushohle- thence to the top V2 hr. Ascent of the ''Gemmenalphorn (6770'), the highest point of the Giiggis- grat, from the Amisbiihel over the Waldegg-Allmend.) Leimern, and Gemmen- Alp., or from St. Beatenberg through the Rieschenen Valley in 21/2 hrs., not difficult (path marked red and white; guide 4 fr., unnecessary). Superb view, ranging from Pilatus to the Stockhorn chain and the Diablerets ; at our feet lies the Justi3-Thal(p. 156), beyond it are theAare vallev, Bern, and the Jura Mts. The Lake of Thun is not visible. — The *Niederhorn (6445') and Burgfeldstand (6780'), each 2i/2-3 hrs. from Beatenberg, are also fine points of view. The route to the former is indicated by white and yellow marks, that to the latter, passing the Kanzli, by white and blue marks. By following the arete, all three points may be visited in one excursion. 46. Interlaken and Environs. Comp. Map, p. 160. Railway Stations. Thdneesee Railway or Pbincipal Station (p. 155), at the W. end of the town ; Beenese Oberland Railway (station Inter- laken-Ost, pp. 160, 165), at the E. end, 1 M. from the first-named. They are connected by the Bodelibahn (change carriages; I1/4 M., in 7 min. ; fares 60, 35, 25 c.j, on which 16 trains run daily in each direction, four going ontoBonigen (p. 18i). Hotel-omnibuses and other vehicles at both stations. — Steamboat Piers for the Lake of Thun near the Principal Station (p. 160) ; for the Lake of Brienz opposite the station Interlaken-Ost (p. 184). INTERLAKEN. III. Route 46. 159 Hotels and Pensions (omnibus 1 fr.). On the HOheweg, from W. to E,: *H6t. MfiTROPOLE (PI. 1), R., L., & A. from 3, ddj. 3, D. 5 fr., pens, from 7 fr.; *ViCTORiA (EU 2), R., L., & A. from 41/2, B. IV2, dcj. 31/2, D. 5, pens. 9-12, in July and Aug. 10-15 fr. ; beyond it, *H6t. Horn (PI. 30), unpretend- ing; *Jdngfrau (PI. 3), R., L., & A. from 4'/2, dej. 3, D. 5 fr. ; *Schwei- ZERHOF (PI. 4), R.,L., &A. from 31/2, dej. 3V2, D.4V2-5fr., good cuisine; *Bel- VEDERE (PI. 5), R., L., & A. from 3 1/2, B. I72, D. 41/2, pens, from 8fr.; *H6t. DEs Alpes (PI. 6), R., L., & A. from 4, dej. 3, D. 4, pens, from 9 fr.-, *H6tei, Beaurivage (PI. 9), R., L., & A. from 41/2, dej. 31/2, D. 5 fr.; *H6t. dc Nord (PI. 7), R., L., & A. from 3, D. 4, pens. 7-8 fr.; Hot. St. Georges (PI. 22), R. 2V2-3 fr., well spoken of; *H6t.-Pens. Interlaken (PI. 8), R., L., & A. from 3, D. 4fr.; *H6t. dd Lac (PI. 10), near the pier and the E. station, R. 21/2, B. IV4, D. 3, pens, from 6 fr., unpretending. To the W. of the Hoheweg, in the direction of the railway-station (all second-class): *H6t. Oberland (PI. 12), R., L., & A. 8, D. 3, pens. 6-7 fr.; opposite to it, "Tost (formerly Cheval Blanc; PI. 26), moderate; Cerf, pens. 5-6 fr., well spoken of; *Croix Blanche (PI. 11), R. IV2-2, D. 3, B. 11/4 fr.; *H6t. Berger (PI. 28), R., L., & A. 21/2-8, D. 21/2, pens. 6-7 fr. ; •*H6t.-Pens. Krebs (PI. 27), R. 21/2-8, B. IV4, D. 3 fr. ; *H6t. Terminus & de la Gare (PI. 29), R., L., & A. from 3, B. IV4, D. 4, pens, from 7fr., the last three near the station; Schwan, R. 1-2 fr. — Near the lower bridge over the Aare: *Bellevde (PI. 15), R., L., & A. 2-3, B. IV4, D. 3, pens, from 6 fr. On the small island of Spielmaiten : *H6t. du Pont (PI. 16), with garden, R., L., & A. from 3, B. IV2, D. 31/2, pens, from 7 fr. ; 'Krone, unpretend- ing. — At Unterseen: ^'Hot. Unterseen (PI. 17), R. 2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens, 6fr.; *Beau-Site (PI. 18), pens, from 6 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Eiger, on the Neuhaus road, pens. 5V2-7 fr. ; Pens. Alpenrdhe, on the Beatenberg road, 5-6 fr. ; Pens. Simpkin, near the Lake of Thun. — Furnished apartments in the Villa Alpina, Jungfrau-Str. To the S. of the Hoheweg, on the road to the Kleine Rugen: Deut- scHER Hof (PI. 20), R., L., & A.8-4V2, B. IV4, D. 3, pens, from 6 fr.; *H6t. National & Pension Wtder (PL 19), R., L. & A. from 21/2, dej. 21/2, D. 31/2, pens. 8-9 fr.; Union Hotel & Pens. Reber (PI. 21), pens. 6fr. ; 'Hotel- Pens. Ober & Villa Silvana (PL 23), 6-9 fr. ; *H6t. St. Gotthard, 6-7 fr.; Hot.-Pens. Eden, *Pens. Schonthal, 5 fr. — ''Hot. Jdngfraublick (PL 22), a first-class house, in an elevated position close to the Rugen Park (p. 161), commanding a splendid view; R., L., & A. from 6, B. IV2, dej. 4, D. 6, omn. IV2 fr. ; pens, in July and August 15-18, at other times 12-15 fr. — *H6t.- Pens. Mattenhop (PL 24), at the foot of the Kleine Rugen, pens, in July and August 6-8, at other times 5 fr.; Pens. ZwAHLEN-SprcHER, 4-5 fr. In the Environs of Interlaken good and inexpensive quarters may be obtained. At Wilderswyl (p. 163), IV2 M. to the S. : -'Pens. Schonbuhl, *H6t.- Pens. Wilderswtl, both in a fine lofty situation, pens. 5-6 fr. ; *Bar, in the village, pens. 5-6 fr. ; Pens. Jungfrau, 4 fr.; Stern; Kreoz, modest. — At Osteigwylei% V2 M. from the railway-station of Wilderswyl- Gsteig ; Pens. ScHONFELS. — On the Brienz road, on this side of the church-hill of Gold- swyl, (3/4 M.) Pens. Schonegg, 51/2 fr. — At Bonigen (p. 18i), on the S. bank of the Lake of Brienz, terminus of the Bodelibahn (p. 158) : *Pens. Bellerive, *H6t.-Pens. Bonigen, *Chalet du Lac, and *H6t.-Pens. de la Gare (near the steamboat-pier), R. from IV2, B. 1, D. 1V2-3, pens. 5 fr. Restaurants in the hotels Mitropole, Victoria, etc. — Beer. Ctirsaal, see below; Cafi Oberland, in the hotel of that name (see above); Baierische Bierhrauerei, with garden, next to Hot. Beaurivage (concert in the evening) ; St. Georges, see above; Adlerhalle, to the W. of the Mdtropole; Hdt. du Pont., on the Aare, with garden and view ; Berger, Krebs, by the Thunersee rail, station. — Confectioners: Weber, on the Hoheweg, at the entrance to the Cursaal ; Schuh, opposite the Metropole ; Seitz, Bahnhof-Str. Gursaal on the Hoheweg, with cafe-restaurant, reading, concert, and billiard rooms, garden, etc. ; music in the morning, afternoon, and even- ing; admission 50 c., per day 1 fr., per week 4 fr., month 12 fr.; for extra entertainments higher charges. At the back of the Casino is a whey- cure establishment (open 7-8 a.m.). 160 III. Route 46. INTERLAKEN. Bernese Chemists. Seewer, opposite the Hot. Oberland; Pidver, Postgasse. — Moneychangers: Volksbank (PI. 26), Betschen, both Bahnhof-Str. Carriage from the station to Interlaken, Unterseen, and Matten 1 fr. each person, to Bonigen, Gsteig, Wilderswyl, and Ringgenberg 2 fr. ; per hour with one horse 4, with two horses 6, each additional hour 3 or 5 fr. ; to Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald, see p. 165. — Post and Telegrraph Office (PI. P) adjoining the Oberlander Hof. — The Official Enquiry Office (Verkehrsbureau), on the Hoheweg, adjoining the Cnrsaal, supplies in- formation gratis, sells railway-tickets, etc. English Church Service in the old Convent Church. Presbyterian Ser- vice (Scottish Free Church) in the Sacristy of the Schloss at 11 and 4. American Services (in summer) at the Hotels Victoria and Metropole. The low land between the lakes of Thnn and Brienz, which are 2 M. apart, is called the ^BodelV. These lakes probably once formed a single sheet of water , but were gradually separated by the de- posits of the Liitschine, flowing into the Lake of Brienz, and the Lombach, which falls into the Lake of Thun. These accumula- tions, first descending from the S., out of the valley of Lauterbrun- nen, and then from the N. out of the Habkeren \ alley, account for the curve which the Aare has been compelled to describe. On this piece of land, 'between the lakes', lies Interlaken (ISBSQ, con- sisting of the villages of Aarmiihle, Matten, and Unterseen, and ex- tending nearly as far as the Lake of Brienz (total pop. 5385). Inter- laken is a favourite summer-resort, and is noted for its mild and equable temperature. The purity of the air, the whey-cure, and the beauty of the situation attract many visitors, while others make it their headquarters for excursions to the Oberland. The principal resort of visitors is the *Hohe-weg, an avenue of old walnuts, now past its best, extending from the village of Aar- miihle to 'the upper bridge over the Aare , and flanked with large hotels and tempting shops. It commands a beautiful view of the Lauterbrunnen-Thal and the Jungfrau (finest by evening-light). To the right, near the upper or N.E. end of the Hoheweg, rises the old monastery and nunnery of Interlaken, founded in 1130, and suppressed in 1528, surrounded by beautiful walnut-trees. The E. wing of the monastery has been used as a hospital since 1836; the rest of the building, with the Schloss added in 1750, is occupied by government-offices. Different parts of the monastery-church are now used for Anglican, Scottish Presbyterian, French Protestant, and Roman Catholic services. The prolongation of the Hoheweg leads to the rail, station Interlaken- Ost (p. 158; also a landing-place of the Brienz steamer) and on to Bonigen (2 M. ; p. 184). The Brienz road, diverging to the left at the Hotel Beaurivage (to Ringgenberg 2 M., to Brienz 10 M.), crosses the Aare (Briickwald, see p. 162). At the S.W. end of the Hoheweg, opposite the Hotel Oberland, the road to the Kleine Rugen (p. 161) diverges to the S.E., while that in a straight direction leads past the new Post Office (PI. P) and the Volksbank (PI. 26) to the Thunersee Station (p. 158). — The road diverging to the N.W. at the Volksbank crosses the two I ^\i\i I . v.\Va.an.er i Debes.T. Sipjerhoru ■/isceifi- 394£ Spitzhorn -• ..; .-r "^-^ - ^, ?5JSial-H? ^ 14 '0'cu:hfeUauenm .^ -rii^itte Oher-^/n -^ - .. - mar Gspalteiiliorii ^V^" r^. '- .->■ ■% ii-^^b .3887 t. ='^^i^:^ . • GLels cfieriiorii :- 3982 Xautcrbr. 3243 ■ -B^ C- GixissUoni Weaerliiclr korii "'^^^ Breitliorii vKiqilOlllBGL ;n.^ — — --=^— ^\ ZilOx Scliieiiliorn ^^ Wciss1\6TTw' Oberland. INTERLAKEN. III. Route 46. 161 islands of Spielmatten (fine view from the middle bridge of the Jungfrau, rising to theS. between the two Rugen) and leads to the small town of Vnterseen , which consists chiefly of wooden houses, with a large square and a modern church. Large manufactory of parquetry. The road to Merligen and Thun (p. 157) begins here to the left, at the hotels mentioned on p.l59 . The road to the Habkern valley and to St. Beatenberg leads to the N.W. (pp. 163, 157). The *Kleine Rugen, the beau- tiful wooded spur of the Grosse Rugen, offers the most attractive walks, with frequent benches and ever-changing views. The princi- pal path ascends by the Hotel Jungfraublick in a straight direc- tion and then leads round the whole hill on its lower slopes. Turning to the left we pass the 'Humboldtsruhe' (view of the Jungfrau and Lake of Brienz) and reach the (1/2 lir.) Trinkhalle (Cafe-Restaurant), commanding the Jungfrau, Monch, and Schwal- mern. Farther on , beyond the SScheffel Pavilion' (with a view of the Lake of Thun), is the Kast- hoferstein, erected in memory of the chief forester Kasthofer, by whom, about the beginning of the century, the hill was planted with specimens of the principal trees of Switzerland. Thence the path proceeds past a reservoir and a chamois -preserve back to the Hotel Jungfraublick. Otherpaths, with benches and points of view, ramify in every direction ; e.g. to the (25 min.) Rugenhohe (2425'), where three artificial openings in the foliage permit views of the Jungfrau and the lakes of Thun and Brienz. Baedeker, Switzerland. 16th Edition 11 162 III. Route 46. INTERLAKEN. Bernese Just beyond the Trinkhalle a path diverges to the left, and by a (1 min.) bench (where the path straight on leads in 10 min. to the Cafe Unspunnen) descends to the right to the Wagnerenschlucht, which separates the Kleine and Grosse Rugen. Near the Studer memorial (see below) our footpath joins a road, which traverses the ravine and leads past the *Cafe Unspunnen and the Bairische Bier- keller, and below the ruin of Unspunnen, to Wilderswyl (p. 163), with continuous views of the Lauterbrunnen valley and the Jung- frau, and of the Lake of Brienz to the left. In the middle of the Wagnerenschlucht, about 300 paces from the fork at its W. end, is a block of rock with an inscription in honour of Bernh. Studer (d. 1887), the geologist. Here we diverge by a path to the right (W.), which ascends rapidly, passing a fine point of view on the right, to the (20 min.) *Heimwelifluli (2218'). The terrace in front of the restaurant commands a charming view (best in the afternoon) of the Bodeli and the lakes of Thun and Brienz- the Jungfrau, Monch, and Eiger are seen from the belvedere. A more comprehensive view (extending to the Schreckhorn on the left) is commanded by the *Abendberg, ascended via the Grosse Rugen in 172-2 hrs. on foot (horse 8, mule 6 fr.). We follow the Heimwehfluh route in the Wagnerenschlucht (see above), and after 1/4 hr. turn to the left and farther on (guide-board) to the left again, without leaving the wood. On the top is the *Udtel Bellevue (3735' ; pens. 572-^ fr.). — A path ascends above the hotel , across grass and past some chalets , to (20 min.) a tall dead fir-tree, known as the Siehenuhrtanne (2125'), whence there is a charming *View of the Lake of Thun, lying far below, A footpath leads past the different peaks of the Abendberg to the (3 hrs.) Rothenegg (6230' 5 shortest wav from the hotel, 2 hrs.J. The next peaks of the range are the Fachsegg (6346'), the Grosse Schiffli (6674'), the Kleine Schiffli (6585'). and finally the Morgenberghorn (7383'). The last is very difficult from this side (better from Saxeten, by the Tanzbodeli Pass, see p. 157). — A footpath leads from the Hotel Bellevue to Saxeten in 1 hr. (the upper path to the right in the meadow, behind the second chalet). The Saxeten-Thal, between the Abendberg and the Bellenhochst (6870'), is reached by a pleasant bridle-path (mule 7 fr.) to Millinen and the (7 M.) village of Saxeten (3600'; Kreuz). About IV4 M. higher up are the falls of the Giirben and Weissbach, and the valley is picturesquely closed by the Schicalmern (9137'). The Sulegg (7915'; 372-4 hrs.), an excellent point of view, is ascended from Saxeten. We ascend by the (35 min.) Gurben Fall to the Untere Nesslern-Alp (4805'), cross the Giirbenbach to the left, and several other brooks descending from the Sulegg. Beyond the (i'A hr.) Bellen-Alp (6205'), we turn to the right between the Bellenhochst (6870') and the Sulegg, skirt the E. slope of the latter, nearly as far as the Suls-Alp, for 3/4 br., and reach the top in 1 hr. more. The ascent is easier from Isenfluh (p. 165), via the Gummen-Alp and Suls-Alp (31/2 hrs. ; guide 10 fr.). — From Saxeten over the Tanzbodeli Pass and through the Suldthal to (6 hrs.) Aeschi^ see p. 157 (interesting; guide not indispensable). About 100 paces beyond the bridge over the Aare on the Brienz road (p. 160) a guide-board at the Briickwald, which stretches to the left up the slopes of the Harder, indicates a number of walks. Oberland. INTERLAKEN. III. Route 46. 163 A fine view of the Bodeli, the lakes, and the mountains is com- manded by the (20 min.) Hohbiihl (2070'), on which a pavilion commemorates the sojourn at Interlaken of Weber, Mendelssohn, and Wagner. The Jimgfrau is better seen from the pavilion at the Lustbuhl, 1/4 ^^' farther along the slope, whence we may return via the middle Aare bridge or via Unterseen (a walk of 1-1 1/4 hr. in all). The view from the Obere Bleiki is opener but not finer than that from the Hohbiihl, 1 hr. above which it lies. About 1/2 hr. higher is the Pavilion Falkenfluh (see below). These two points may also be reached by a bridle-path diverging to the left (guide-post) from the Brienz road, 350 paces from the Aare bridge. The Thurmberg of Goldswyl (V2 br.), beyond Schiinegg on the Brienz road (p. 184), overlooks the Lake of Brienz and the small, sombre Faulen- see or Lake of Goldswyl. — A walk may be taken by the same road (or by the new picturesque path crossing the hills between the road and the Lake of Brienz) to (1/2 br.) Ringgenberg {Pens. & Rest. Seeburg , with garden, at the pier; Bdr^ Chalet zur Post, in the village, pens. 4-5 fr.), with a picturesque church built among the ruins of the castle (view), and to the Schadburg (2388' ; IV2 M. farther on), on a spur of the Graggen, an unfinished castle of the ancient barons of Ringgenberg. A guide-post at the upper bridge over the Aare in Unterseen (p. 161) indicates the road to Beatenberg, which skirts the S.W. slope of the Harder and enters the {'^/^'hY.')Habkern- Thai, watered by the Lombach. Here it diverges (3/^ M. from Unterseen) from the road going on to the (81/2 M.) village of Habkern (3500'). One-horse carr. from Interlaken to Habkern and back 15 fr. Immediately before the above-mentioned parting of the roads, a bridle- path diverges to the right and ascends through woods to the (IV2 hr.) Hardermatte (3990'), which commands a fine view of the Bernese Alps. We proceed a little farther on the same level before descending to (1/4 hr.) the pavilion on the Falkenfluh and return to the Brienz road (p. 157) via the Obere Bleiki and to Interlaken (3-3^/2 hrs. in all). Three fine points of view may be visited from. Habkern. The *Gem- menalphorn (6770') is reached by crossing the Brdndlisegg, or by follow- ing the Biihlbach, in 4 hrs. (comp. p. 158). The Hohgant (7215') is ascended in 4 hrs. via Bohl (5902') and the ffagletsch-Alp , or by the Alp Bosdlgdu and through the Karrholen. To the S.W. of the Hohgant is the Griinen- berg (5095'), over which a pass leads from Habkern to Schangnau in the Emmen-Thal (6 hrs.). The Augstmatthorn (Suggithurin, 6844' 5 31/2 hrs.) is ascended via the Bodmi-Alp. A pleasant morning-walk may be taken via Gsteig (see below; 1 Y2 M. from the Hoheweg), where the cemetery for the surrounding districts lies, down the rightbankof theLxitschine either to (II/4M.) Bonigen (p. 184), or to the bridge over the Liitschine halfway and back to Matten. Another walk leads from Gsteig up the right bank of the Liitschine to (}/i hr.) Gsteigwyler. From Bonigen to the Giessbach via Iseltwald, see p. 184. The *ScHYNiGE Platte, one of the finest points of view in the Bernese Oberland , is reached by a Rack- and -Pinion Railway (opened in 1893) from station WUderswyl-Osteig (1870' ; p. 154) in lV4lir. (fare 8 fr., down 4fr., return-ticket 10 fr.), or from Interlaken- Ost (change carriages at Wilderswyl- Gsteig) in II/2 tr. (fares 9, 5, 11 fr. 60 c. ; Srd cl. 8 fr. 60 c, 4 fr. 60 c, 11 fr.). — The 11* 164 ///. Route 46. SOHYNIGE PLATTE. Bernese line (maximum gradient 1 : 4) crosses the Liitschine and ascends in curves to the Rothenegg Tunnel, beyond which it enters a wood of beeches and pines, affording pretty glimpses to the left of Interlakcn, the Lake of Brienz, etc. 3 M. Stat. Breitlauenen (5068'; Curhaus, pens, from 6 fr.), with fine view of the lakes of Brienz and Thnn and the hilly country towards the N.W. Describing a wide curve, the line then ascends to the mountain-crest and passes through the Grdtli Tunnel to the S. side of the ridge, where we obtain a view of the Lauterbrunnen Valley, and then of the Liitschine Valley ; to the left towers the majestic Jungfrau. Following the S. slope of the crest, overlooking the Grindelwald Valley with the Schreckhorner and AVetterhorner, and threading a short tunnel, we reach the (4V2 M.) Schynige Platte (6463'), the terminus. A broad path leads from the station along the Platte, a slope of crumbling and 'shining' slate rock, in a few minutes to the * Hotel- Restaur ant (R. , L., & A. from 41/2, lunch 4, D. 5, 'plat du jour' 1 1/2 fr. Engl. Ch. Serv. in July). To the S. we enjoy a magnificent *View of the Bernese Alps: from left to right, the Wellhorn, Wetterhorner, Berglistock, Upper Grindel- wald Glacier, Schreckhorner, Lauteraarhorner, Lower Grindelwald Glacier, the Finsteraarhorn peeping over the Eigergrat, the Fiescherhorner, Eiger, Monch, Jungfrau, Ebnefluh, Mittaghorn, Grosshorn, Breithorn, Tschingel- horn, Tschingelgrat , Gspaltenhorn , Weisse Frau, Doldenhorn, and nu- merous nearer peaks. The ridge concealing the base of the Jungfrau group is the Mannlichen (p. 174). An easy winding path ascends from the hotel past the Geitshorn (view like that from the hotel) and the precipitous Gummihorn (6893' ; recently made accessible for experts) to the (20 min.) *Dauhe (6772'), whence the survey of the lakes and of the peaks towards the N. is particularly fine; to the N.E. is the Brienzer Rothhorn, with Pilatus to the right in the distance. Towards evening the lakes of Neuchatel and Bienne are seen glittering in the distance. From the Schynige Platte to the Faulhorn, see p. 180. — Descent from the Platte by Giindlischwand to ZweiliitscMnen, 27'2-3 hrs., steep at places. At the small pond near the Platte to the right we descend across meadows to the (^4 hr.) lower chalets of the Jselten-Alp (5116'; guide advis- able to this point, 2fr.); thence through wood (unmistakable). Footpath from Gsteig to the Schynige Platte (81/2 hrs.). We may either cross the bridge by the church of Gsteig and follow the road to the right to (3/4 M.) Osteigwyier ; in the middle of the village take the bridle- path to the left, and very soon to the left again; after 17 min. ascend to the right, through wood; or, shorter, we may ascend from Gsteig to the left, by a path between the church and the inn (Steinbock), turning to the right where the path divides, and in 20 min. reach the bridle-path at the point where it enters the wood. "We now ascend by numerous zigzags, crossing the railway twice, to the (IV2 hr.) Schonegg (4754') and the (1/4 hr.) Curhaus Breitlauenen (see above). Thence to the top, iVa hr. 47. The Lauterbrunnen Valley and Miirren. From Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen^ 8 M., Bernese Oberland Railway in 42 min, (fares 3 fr. 25, 1 fr. 95 c., return 5 fr. 20, 3 fr. 15 c); circular tour from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen, the Kleine Scheidegg, Grindel- wald, and back to Interlaken, 20 fr., 13 fr. 95 c. (tickets valid for 6 days). The railway is on the ordinary system (maximum gradient 35: 1000), with short sections on the rack-and-pinion system (maximum gradient 120 : 1000). — Carriage from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen (in fine weather preferable to the railway) and back, including 2 hrs. stay, with one horse 9, two horses Oberland. ZWEILtJTSCHINEN. III. Route 47. 165 15 fr. ; to Trummelbacli 12 and 22, to Stechelberg 14 and 27 fr. — The following *ExcuKsiON (one day) is highly recommended: by railway to Murren (p. 168), walk to the Ohere Steinberg (p. 167; 23/4-3 hrs.), descend to (1 hr.) Trachiellauenen (p. 166), and return by the valley, past the falls of the Triimmelbach and Stauhbach (p. 166) to Lauterbrunnen (2^/4 hrs. to the railway-station). The views from Murren and the Obere Steinberg are among the finest in Switzerland. The line begins at the Interlaken-Ost station (1865' ; p. 158) and describes a wide curve through the fertile plain to (IV2M.J Wilders- wyl-Gsteig (1925'; change carriages for the Schynige Platte, p. 164). To the right is the village of Wilderswyl, at the foot of the Abendberg; to the left is the church of Gsteig (see p. 163), — The railway crosses the LutscMne and ascends its right bank through wood. On the left bank is the high-road. To the right rises the precipitous Rothenfiuh, overtopped by the Sulegg; in the foreground, to the left, is the Mannlichen, with the Monch and the Jungfrau adjacent. The railway next crosses the Black LutscMne^ which descends from Grindelwald. To the left, in the background of the LUtschen-Thal, rises the finely-shaped Wetterhorn. 5 M. Zweilutschinen (2150'; Hot. -Pens. Zweililtschenen^ for- merly Bar), junction for the railway to Grindelwald (p. 171 ; pass- sengers not in through-carriages change for Lauterbrunnen). Interesting excursion to (IV4 hr.) Isenfluh (3600'; "Pens. Isenfluh, 5 fr.). About V2 M. from Zweilutschinen the bridle-path diverges to the right from the Lauterbrunnen road and ascends the steep "W. slope of the valley (shade after 3 p.m.; a second path ascends by the Sausbach opposite the Hunnen- fluh, see above ; a third ascends from Lauterbrunnen, opposite the Hotel Steinbock). Isenfluh commands a splendid "View of the Jungfrau. A still finer view is obtained from the Path from Isknfloh to Murren (31/4 hrs.; guide desirable for novices; from Zweilutschinen to Miirren 7 fr.). At the upper end of the village (V4 hr.) this path turns to the left and ascends to the (3/4 hr.) Sausbach (5050'), and then more steeply for 25min. to the Floschwald- weid (5608'). Here we turn to the left and proceed to the chalets of Alpligen (5792'), where we descend. The path, which commands a fine view of the Jungfrau and its neighbours, next traverses the Plefschen-Alps^ crosses the PletscJibach and the Spissbach, and reaches (li/4hr.) the station of Griitsch-Alp and (35 min.) Murren (p. 168). —Ascent of the Sulegg (7915'), 3V2hrs., see above. The train crosses to the left bank of the White Liltschine, and ascends (two rack- and -pinion sections) the wooded * Valley of Lauterbrunnen^ which begins at the Hunnenfluh, a rock resembling a gigantic round tower, and is bounded by precipitous limestone cliffs, 1000-1500' in height. The railway crosses first the Saitsbach, which descends on the right, and then the road several times. 8 M. Lauterbrunnen. — The Railway Station lies 2620' above the sea-level; 3 min. higher up, to the right, is the station for the cable-railway to Murren fp. 167); change carriages for Wengen, Scheidegg, and Grindel- wald (p. 172). — Hotels: *Steinbock, at the station, with the railway re- staurant, R., L., & A. 3-5, B. IV2, lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 7-9 fr. ; 'Hot. Staubbach, with view of the Staubbach, R., L., & A. 3-4, lunch 3, D. 4 fr. ; *Adler, near the station, plain, R., L., & A. 2-3, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 5-6 fr.— Lauener's Beer and Wine Saloon, to the S. of the Adler. — Guides: Christ., Joh., Ulrich, and Peter Lauener, Heinr. and Fritz v. Almen, Fritz Graf, Frudr. Fuehs, Ulrich Brunner, Fritz Schhmegger, Karl Schlunegger (at Wengen), etc. Lauterbrunnen (2640'), a pretty, scattered village, lies on both 166 ///. Route 47. STAUBBACH. Bernese banks of the LiitscMne, in a rocky valley 1/2 M. broad, into which in July the sun's rays do not penetrate before 7 a.m., and in winter not till 11 a.m. It derives its name (lauter Brunnen, 'nothing but springs') from the numerous streams which descend from the rocks, or from the springs which rise at their bases in summer. The snow- mountain to the left, rising above the lower mountains, is the Jung- frau ; to the right is the Breithorn. About 8 min. from the station, at the Hotel Stauhbach, the village-street forks. The left branch descends past the church to the Triimmelbach (see below) ; the right branch leads straight on to the (5 min.) *Staiibl)ach ('dust-brook'), the best-known of the falls at Lauterbrunnen. This brook, which is never of great volume, and in dry summers is disappointing, descends from a projecting rock in a single fall of 980', most of it, before it reaches the ground, being converted into spray, which bedews the meadows and trees far and near. In the morning sunshine it resembles a transparent, sil- very veil, wafted to and fro by the breeze, and by moonlight also it is very beautiful. The best point of view is in a meadow in front of the fall, to the left of a seat marked by a flag (20 c). The road to the left at the fork (see above) crosses the White Liitschine near the church, and ascends its right bank, with a view of the snowy Breithorn and the Schmadribach Fall (to the left a bridle-path diverges to Wengen, p. 172). In 72^11. we reach the * Hotel-Pension Triimmelbach (R., L., & A. 3-4, dej. 3, D. 4; omn. at Lauterbrunnen station; carr. there and back, including stay, 4fr.). A path (adm. 50 c.) here diverges to the left to the (7 min.) *Triim- melbach Fall. The narrow gorge, with the copious Triimmelbach, fed by the glaciers of the Jungfrau, is rendered accessible by steps and railings. During sunshine three rainbows are formed in the spray. Through the *Trumleten-Thal to the Wengem-Alp (p. 172), 3 hrs., with guide, somewhat trying bnt highly interesting. — To the Roththal Hut, see p. 171. The road continues to ascend the valley, in view of several waterfalls, and passes the (18 min.) Dornigen-Brucke, where we join the old route passing near the Staubbach. Beyond Stechelberg we reach (40 min. from the Triimmelbach) the '^ Cafe- Restaurant Sr Pension Stechelberg (3020' ; pens. 5 fr.), where the road degenerates into a bridle-path. The main path (to the left ; that to the right leads to the Seflnen Valley and Miirren, p. 169) skirts the right bank of the brawling Liitschine, and near the (Y4 hr.) chalets of Sichellauenen crosses the stream. Thence we traverse finely wooded meadows to (50 min.) Trachsellauenen (4145'; Hot. Schmadribach, R., L., & A. 2-21/25 B. 11/2, pens. 5fr.), a picturesque cluster of chalets on the left bank of the Liitschine, 1^/4-2 hrs. from the Triimmelbach. The path hence to the (1 hr.) Schmadribach Fall ascends on the left bank of the Liitschine to the (12 min.) 'Bergwerk', a ruined house with a chimney. Here it diverges to the left from the main path (which goes on to the Upper Steinberg, p. 167), and ascends Oberland. UPPER STEINBERG. III. Routed?. 167 (guide-boards) round projecting rocks (from the top, a view of the waterfall) and past the chalets of the (I/2 hr.) Lower Steinberg Alp (4480'), where it crosses (to the left) the Thalbach (two bridges). Ascending the pastures on the right bank, we pass a waterfall, mount the Holdri, and reach (1/2 tr.) the Lager Chalet, in sight of the *Schmadribacli Fall. There is nothing to be gained by approaching closer to the fall. — From the 'Bergwerk' it is preferable to follow the main path, to the right, which zigzags up a gorge, clad with firs and ferns, to the chalets of the Ammerten-Alp, and thence to the Upper Steinberg. Here (I72 lir. from Trachsellauenen) are the sm&n Hotel Tschingelhorn (well spoken of; R. 3fr., B. 1 fr. 60 c., pens. 41/2-5 fr.), and (20 min. farther up) the Hotel Oh er- Steinberg (unpretending; pens, from 5 fr.). The *View of the mountains and glaciers surrounding the upper valley of Lauterbrunnen is very fine; from right to left are seen the Lauterbrunner Wetterhorn, with the Tschingelhorn behind it, the Breithorn, the beautiful Tschingel Glacier between these, then the Grosshorn, the Mittaghorn, the Ebnefluh, the Gletscherhorn, and the Jungfrau, while directly op- posite is the Schmadribach Fall. A pleasant walk (boy as guide IV2-2 fr.) may be taken from the Upper Steinberg along tbe Tschingel Glacier., at the end of which is an interesting ice-grotto, and via the Oberhorn-Alp to the (I1/2 hr.) *Oberhornsee (6822'), a beautiful little blue lake, magnificently situated in the rocky hollow between the Tschingel and Breithorn glaciers. From Lauterbrunnen to Murren. — Cable and Electric Railway in 55 min. (fares 3 fr. 75 c, return-ticket, valid for 3 days, 6 fr.). The station of the cable-railway in Lauterbrunnen lies 3 min. from that of the Bernese Oberland Railway (see p. 165). On the arrival of the trains from Inter- laken the number of passengers is often so great that the traveller has to wait until the despatch of more than one train before finding a seat. This crowding for the best places is repeated in changing from the cable to the electric trains, so that some will doubtless prefer to book only to Griiisch- Alp (2 fr. 75 c.) and to walk thence to (1 hr.) Murren by the picturesque footpath skirting the railway. The Cable Railway mounts straight uphill (maximum gra- dient 60:100), through meadows and wood, to the Griitsch-Alp (4975'). Here we change carriages (comp. above) for the Electric Railway, which continues to follow the slope, crossing several streams, to (2^/2 M.) Miirren. To the left (even below the Griitsch- Alp) a magnificent **View of an amphitheatre of mountains and glaciers unfolds : the Eiger and the Monch, the Jungfrau with its dazzling Schneehorn and Silberhorn , the huge precipices of the Schwarze Monch rising abruptly from the valley, the wall of the Ebne-Fluh with its conical peak to the left and its mantle of spot- less snow ; then as we approach Miirren (near which the Jungfrau disappears behind the Schwarze Monch), the Mittaghorn, the Gross- horn, the Breithorn (from which the Schmadribach descends), the Tschingelhorn, the Tschingelgrat, and the Gspaltenhorn. The Beidle-Path feom Lauteebrunnen to Moeben, 21/2 hrs,, which is very muddy after rain, ascends rapidly to the right about 8 min. from the 168 111. Routed!. MURREN. Bernese station, beyond the Adler Hotel, at the guide-post ('Miirren 5.7 Kil.'', i.e. 31/2 M.), and crosses the Orei/enbach twice. Beyond the second bridge (20 min.) it ascends through wood, crosses the Fluhbdchli, the (20 min.) Lauibach (fine waterfall), and the Herrenbdchli.^ and reaches (25 min.) the bridge over the scanty Pleitchbach or Staubbach (4037' ; rfmts.). In 5 min. more, where the wood has been much thinned, we obtain a beautiful view of the Jungfrau, Monch, and Eiger, which remain in sight for the rest of the way. Farther up, by Q/2 hr.) a saw-mill (4923'), we cross two branches of the Spistbach, in 25 min. more reach the top of the hill (*View see above) and then walk alongside the railway to G/2 hr.) Murren, Murren. — Hotels. *Geand Hotel & Curhaus MffKKEN, 5 min, from the station, with restaurant, Cursaal, and several de'pendances (Bellevue^ Fontana, Victoria), R., L., & A. 5-8, B. IV2, dej. 3, D. 5, pens, from July 15th to Sept. 10th 10-16, at other times 9-13 fr. ; *Gband Hotel des Alpes, nearer the station, with restaurant (Munich beer on draught 60 c.), R., L., & A. 4-6, B. IV2, dej. 3V2, D. 5, pens. 9-15 fr. ; S.B.G.H. at both. — *H6t. Jungfrau. R. 3V2-4, D. 31/2, S. 3, pens. 8-10 fr., near the English Church, above the Curhaus; Hot. Eiger, close to the station, R., L., & A. 2'/2-3, B. 11/2, dej. 21/2, D. 31/2, pens. 6-8 fr. — English Church. Miirren (5350'), situated on a terrace liigh above the Lauter- brunnen Yalley, is one of the most frequented points in the Bernese Oberland. It commands a famous view, including not only the above-mentioned peaks, but also the Wetterhorn to the left, and the Seflnen-Furgge to the extreme right (p. 159). We ascend between the restaurant and the beer-saloon of the Hotel des Alpes to the walks that lead along the slope of the Allmendhubel, a height to the W., on which firs grow higher up. The top of the Allmendhubel (6358') is reached in 3/4 hr., by following the above-mentioned path to the left to (V4 br.) the first chalets of Allmend^ then the path to the Schilthorn to (20 min.) a solitary chalet, and finally to the right for 6 or 8 min. more. The view includes the snowy Jungfrau in addition to the peaks seen from Miirren. — Another good view-point is the Obere Winteregg (5738'), V2 lir. to the N.W. of Jliirren, by a path diverging to the left above the electric railway, 10 min. from Miirren. The *Schilthorn (9747'; 3V2-4 hrs., guide 8 fr. and fee) is an admirable point of view. The path ascends past the chalets oi Allmend (on the right is the Allmendhubel, see above), and farther up enters the dreary Engethal, which ends in a rocky basin at the foot of the Schilthorn (to this point, 2V2 hrs. from Murren, riding is practicable; horse 12 fr.). Then a steep ascent over snow, loose stones, and rock, past the monument to Mrs. Arbuthnot, who was killed here by lightning in 1865, to the arete be- tween the Kleine and Grosse Schilthorn, and without difficulty to the (1 hr.) flattened summit. Magnificent survey of the Jungfrau, the queen of the Bernese Alps, and of the whole chain (including the Bliimlisalp, to the S.W., quite near), and of N. Switzerland (the Rigi , Pilatus, etc.); panorama by Imfeld. Mont Blanc is not visible hence, but is seen from the arete, about 250 yds. to theW., a little below the summit. — The de- scent through the imposing Sefinen-Thcd (p. 169), by the Sefinen-Alp and the Teufelsbriicke (a fine point above Gimmelwald), is longer by IV2 hr. than the direct path, but far more interesting (unsuitable for ladies). A shorter way back leads past the Graue JSeeli and down the steep Schiltfliihe (guide advisable), and afterwards through the beautiful pastures of the Schiltalp, with views of the Jungfrau, etc. — Another route (interesting; guide advisable) crosses the Rothe Herd and the Telli (a saddle between the Grosse Hundshorn and the Wild-Andrist) to the Diirrenberg Chalets in the Kienihal (see p. 170). At the Chalet Bellevue, beyond the Curhaus, a guide-post in- dicates the way (to the left) to Stechelberg, and 100 paces farther on Oberland. GIMMELWALD. ///, Route 47. 169 another points the way to Gim- melwald and Stechelberg. In 5 min. more we cross a bridge over a fall of the Miirrenbach, and at (20 min.) the beginning of Grimmelwald (4545') the road forks. The branch to the right leads straight on to the (8 min.) Hot. - Pens. Schilthorn (5-6 fr. , Engl. Church Service in summer), on the brink of the grand Sefinen- Thal, which is enclosed by the Biittlassen, the Gspaltenhorn, and the Tschingelgrat. The branch to the left descends in 4 min. to the Hot. - Pens. Gimmelwald (41/9- 5 fr.). To the Sefinen-Thal, an interest- ing walk (as far as the Gspaltenhorn Glacier and back 3 hrs.; guide unne- cessary). To the W. of the Pension Schilthorn we cross the (5 min ) ScJiilihach 1 and ascend on the left side of the Sefinen-Thal (with the superb Jungfrau behind us); then (3/4 hr.) cross a bridge and enter a pine-wood, and lastly, in a grand basin, with numerous waterfalls traverse stony debris to the (2/4 hr.) Gspaltenhorn (or Kirchspalt) Glacier at the foot of the Gspaltenhorn. The road to Stechelberg de- scends to the left past the Hotel Gimmelwald and (1/4 hr.) crosses | the Sefinen- Liitschine. After a short ascent we again descend through wood, and cross a brook descending from the right, enjoy- ing a view, to the left, of the beautiful FaZi oftheSefine. About 12 min. farther on the path di- vides : the branch to the left de- scends steeply to (1/4 hr.) Stechel- berg (p. 166); that to the right goes on at the same level to Trachsellauenen (^^}i6t. Schmadri bach 40 min.'; p. 166). A foot- path diverges to the right from the latter after 6 min., passes a deserted shaft, and , after affording 170 III. Route 47. TSCHINGEL PASS. Bernese a view of the Schmadribach, reaches (1 1/2 lir. ; not 1 hr.) the ^oiel Tschinyelhom on the Upper Steinberg (p. 167 j in all about 3 hrs. from Miirren; guide, 7 fr., not necessary in good weather). Passes. From Lauteebkunnen over the Sefinen-Foegge to the Kien- THAL, not difficult, and on the whole attractive (10-11 hrs. to Reichenbacli ; guide 25 fr.). From (2V2 hrs.) Miirren (p. 156) the path ascends via the Alp Boganggen to the (3 hrs.) Sefinen-Furgge (8583'), between the Hvndsfluh (9620') and the BiUtlassen (10,490'; p. 191). (The path by Gimmelwald and through the Sefinen-Thal is easier, but 1 hr. longer.) Descent (fine view of the Wilde Frau and Bliimlisalp) past the chalets of Diirrenherg (6545'), and of Steinenberg (4856' ; night-quarters) to the huts of Gorneren, by the Barenpfad to the (2 hrs.) Tschingel-Alp (3783') and down the Kienthal to (2V2 hrs.) Reichenbacfi (p. 191). — From the Steinenberg-Alp over the Gam- chiliicke to the Tschingelfirn^ see below and p. 191. Feom Ladteebrdnnen to Kandersteg over the Sefinen-Fuegge and THE HoHTHiJELi , a loug and fatiguing walk (14 hrs. ; guide necessary, 30 fr.). The night may, if necessary, he passed at the Diirrenherg chalets or in the Diinden Hut. Over the Sefinen-Furgge to the Kienthal^ see above. Before the path reaches the Steinenberg-Alp we descend to the left, cross the Pochtenbach (the discharge of the Gamchi Glacier^ p. 180), ascend to the Lower and Upper Bund • Alp ^ and traverse pastures, stony slopes, and snow to (41/2 hrs. from the Furgge) the Hohthiirli or Diinden Pass (8875'), a depression of the OescMnengrat between the Schwarzhorn (9150') and the Wilde Frau (10,693'), affording a superb view of the Bliimlis- alp, Doldenhorn , etc. (To the left of the pass is the Diinden Club-Hut^ p. 193.) We now descend over loose stones and the rocky ledges of the Schafberg (with the Bliimlisalp Glacier quite near us on the left) to the Upper Oeschinen-Alp (6470'), and by steep steps cut in the rock, to the Lower Oeschinen-Alp, pass round the N.W. side of the Oeschinen- See (5223'), and reach (4 hrs.) Kandersteg (p. 192). *From Ladteebrdnnen to Kandersteg ovee the Tschingel Pass (14 hrs. i 6-7 hrs. on snow and ice; guide 30, porter 25 fr.), a grand route, fatiguing, but for tolerable mountaineers free from difficulty. A night had hetter be spent at the Upper Steinberg (see p. 167). We now follow the W. slope of the valley to the (2/4 hr.) Lower Tschingel Glacier., cross it, and toil up the left lateral moraine to the ('/2 hr.) base of theW. rocks, the ascent of which is very steep at first (a nearly perpendicular part, called the Tschingeltritt., about 13' high, is now avoided by means of a narrow path). Farther up (40 min.) we come to turf (pleasanter; a halt usually made here •, superb view). Then again across debris in 1/2 hr. to the upper Tschingeljirn, an immense expanse of snow ; for 20 min. we follow the left moraine, and then take to the glacier, where the rope becomes necessary. A gradual ascent of 13/4 hr. brings us to the top of the Tschingel Pass (92(37'), where a view of the mountains of the (Jastern-Thal is disclosed; behind us towers the most majestic Jungfrau with her S. neighbours, and to the left is the Eiger. On the right are the furrowed Gspaltenhorn (p. 191) and the Gamchiliicke (9295' ; pass to the Kienthal, p. 191). An additional hour may be devoted to visiting the Gamchiliicke, which affords a striking survey of the Kienthal, the Kiesen, and the Bernese plain. To the left of the Tschingel Pass rises the Mutthorn (9978'). The descent across the snow is easy. (The W. arm of the glacier, bounded on the right by the rocky walls of the Bliimlisalp and the Friindenhorn, and on the left by the Petersgrat, is called the Kanderfirn.') After IV4 hr. we quit the snow for the left lateral moraine. The route descends steeply, over loose stones and then over grass, to the Gastern-Thal, passing a spur which overlooks the magnificent ice-fall of the Kander Glacier. We then for a considerable time follow the narrow crest of a huge old moraine, which descends precipitously on the right to the former bed of the glacier, 170-200' below; lV2hr., bridge over the Kander; 6 min., the first chalet (coffee, milk, and two beds); 1/4 br., Selden:, 2 hrs., Kandersteg (p. 192). *Feom Ladteebrdnnen to the Lotschen-Thal over the Peteesgeat (from the Steinberg to Ried 9-10 hrs.), trying and recommended only to Oberland. LUTSCHEN-THAL. III. Route 48. 171 experienced mountaineers , but very grand (guide 50 fr. ; for one tourist 2 guides or a guide and a porter are required). From the Upper Steinberg to the (21/2 hrs.) upper Tschingelfirn^ see above. On the glacier we ascend to the left, between the Mutthorn and the Tschingelhorn ^ to the (3 hrs.) Peteragrat (10,515'), a lofty snow-arete commanding a superb view of the Alps of the Valais. Then a steep descent over snow, rocky slopes, and turf, either through the Aus^ser Fafler-Thal to the Fafler Alp (good quarters at the Chalet Seiler), or throneh the Tellithal to Blatten and (31/2 hrs.) Ried (p. 193). — The WetterlUcke (10,365'), between the Tschingelhorn and Breithorn^ the Schmadri-Joch (10.863'), between the Breithorn and Grosshorn; and the Mittagjoch (12,150'), between the Grosshorn and Mittag- horn, are difficult (guides 45-50 fr.). From Lauterbrunnen to the Eggishorn over theLauinenthor (12,000'), a difficult and hazardous expedition (18 hrs., the night being spent in the Roththal Hut; guide 100 fr.), through the wild Roththal, across the huge rock- arete connecting the Jnngfrau (13,670') and Oletscherhorn (13,064'), and down the Kranzberg-Firn and the Great Aletsch Olacier to the Concordia Hut and the Eggishorn Hotel (p. 316). — Over the Roththal-Sattel (12,330'), close to the Jungfrau (p. 173), also very difficult and dangerous (19-20 hrs. to the Eggishorn). — Over the Ebnefluh-Joch (12,300'), between the Ehnefluh and Mittaghom, very laborious, but without danger to experts (15-16 hrs. ; guide 80 fr.). — It will repay a good walker to go as far as the Roththal Hut (8860'; 6 hrs. from Lauterbrunnen, crossing the Slufenstein-Alp), and to return the same way (a good day's walk; for experts only; guide 15 fr.). Ascent of the Jung/rau from this hut, see p. 173. 48. From Interlaken to Grindelwald. Bernese Oberland Railway: a. Direct (12 M.) in 1 hr. 12min. (fares 5, 3 fr., return 8 fr,, 4 fr. 80 c). b. Via Lauterbrunnen and Wengern-Alp (I8V2 M.) in 41/2 hrs. ; from Lauterbrunnen, 11 M. in 21/4 hrs. (fares 14 fr. 40 c, 9 fr. ; circular tickets for both lines, valid for thi-ee days, 20 fr., 13 fr. 95 c). — A Carriage from Interlaken to Grindelwald and back in one day (one-horse 13, two-horse 25 fr.) is pleasanter and not much dearer for a party. — Pedestrians still often prefer the beautiful Walk over the Wengern-Alp to Grindelwald : bridle-path to the Wengern-Alp 3 (descent 2), Little Scheidegg 3/4 (descent V2), Grindelwald 21/2 hrs. (ascent 3V2 hrs.) ; in all 6V4 hrs. from Lauterbrunnen. Small trunks may be sent by train unaccompanied by passengers, but not open handbags. a. Direct Line. From Interlaken to (5 M.) Zweilutschinen (2150'), see p. 165; carriages are usually changed here. The railway to Grindelwald ascends the left bank of the Black Liitschine^ travers- ing a tunnel and a snow-shed, in the finely wooded and populous Liitsclien-Thal. The road runs on the other bank, beneath the slopes of the Schynige Platte (p. 164). Beyond (71/2 M.) Lutschenthal (2355') the railway also crosses to the right bank and ascends the Stalden by means of a rack-and-pinion section (1935 yds. long; gradient 12 : 100) to (9 M.) Burglauenen (2915'). In front appear the Wetterhorn and the Berglistock. Farther on we pass through the defile of the Ortweid, after which a view of the beautiful valley of Grindelwald is suddenly disclosed : to the right is the massive Eiger, adjoined by the Jungfrau with the Schneehorn and the Silber- horn ; in the middle are the Mettenberg and the Schreckhorner, farther off the Finsteraarhorn and the Grosse Fiescherhorn ; and to the left the graceful Wetterhorn. The railway finally ascends another toothed rail section (1420 yds.) to (12 M.) Grindelwald (p. 175). 112 III. Route 48. WENGEN. Bernese b. By the Wengern-Alp Line (rack- and-pinion railway on Riggenbacli's system). There is only one car on this line, but when passengers are numerous extra trains are despatched (duration of journey and fares, see p. 171). — Lauterbrunnen (2640'), see p. 165. The railway describes a curve , crosses the Liitschine, and rapidly ascends the steep slopes below the village of Wengen, where it passes over several viaducts and bridges. Hence we enjoy a fine retrospect of Lauterbrunnen and its valley and of the Schma- dribach Fall in the background, with the Breithorn and Grosshorn above it. Higher up, to the right of the former, Is the Tschingel- horn, and to the left of the precipitous Schwarze Monch are the Silberhorn and Jungfrau. On the opposite side of the valley ascends the cable-railway to Miirren, above which (right) rises the Sulegg- Grat, with the serrated rocks of the Lobhorner, resembling the fingers of a huge hand. Beyond a wide curve we reach — 11/2 M. Wengen. — Hotels. *H6t.-Pens. Blumlisalp; *H6t.-Pens. Victoria (R. 2V2-3, pens. 6-9 fr.); Hot. -Pens. Silberhorn (R. 2, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 5-6 fr.); these three near the station; *H6t.-Pens. Alpenrose, 7 min. from the station (pass nnder the line near the Hot. Bliimlisalp), R., L., & A. 2-21/2, B. 11/4, lunch 21/2, D. 3, pens. 51/2-6 fr. ; Hot.-Pens. MiTTAGHOBN, farther on and lower down, similar charges, well spoken of; *Pens. Wengen, 3/4 M. heyond the Alpenrose, 6-7 fr. — English Church Service in summer. Wengen (4190'), situated amidst meadows interspersed with trees, below the precipitous Tschuggen (p. 174), with a view of the Lauterbrunnen Valley and of the Jungfrau to the S., is much visited as a summer-resort. Attractive walks may be taken hence to the Leiterhorn, 1 hr. from the station, beneath the Mannlichen (p. 174) ; to the Mettlen-Alp and Wengern-Alp (see below), etc. Bbidle-Path FROM LAUTERBRUNNEN TO THE Wengern-Alp (3 lirs.). From the station, we descend to the left, cross the Liitschine, and ascend straight on, soon joining the path mentioned at p. 166. ^/t hr. Restaurant hinder^ with a pavilion which affords a beautiful view. Farther up a (20 min.) finger-post shows the way to the left via the Hot. Mittaghorn and the H6t. Alpenrose to the (20 min.) Wmgen station; and to the right to the (10 min.) Pens. Wengen , and thence uphill (after 10 min. to the left) to a point below the watering-station (see below). — The first part of this steep ascent may be avoided by taking the railway to Wengen. From the station we cross the terrace in front of the Hot. Bliimlisalp, turn to the left and a little farther on to the right, crossing the line and following the fenced path amidst houses and fields; 1/2 hr. a chalet (rfmts.); 10 min. we join the above-mentioned path from the Pens. Wengen; 8 min. pass through a gate into the pine-wood, from which we emerge 20 min. farther on, and turn to the left. In 3/4 hr. more, passing beneath the line, we reach the station of Wengern-Alp (p. 173). — If we go straight on after emerging from the wood, we reach the ('/4 hr.) *Mettlen- Alp (5580'), on the N. side of the Triimleten-Thal, directly facing the Jung- frau. Hence we may either ascend to the Wengern-Alp in 3/4 hr., or walk round the head of the Triimleten-Thal to the (1 hr.) Biglen-Alp^ with the Kiihlauenen Glacier., and thence to the f3/4 hr.) Wengem-Alp. Beyond Wengen the railway curves towards the Tschuggen, affording a continuous view of the snow-mountains and glaciers from the Grosshorn to beyond the Gspaltenhorn, with the Breithorn in the centre. After a short halt at a Waierinq Station below the Lauberhorn (p. 174), we skirt the Galtbachhorn (7610') and reach — Oberland. WENGERN-ALP. III. Route 48. 173 41/2 M. Wengern-Alp (6158'; Hot. Junyfrau, R., L., & A. 4-5, B. 13/4, de'j. 31/2, D. 4-5, pens. 8-10 fr.j. Hence we command a celelsrated view across the Trumleten - Thai of the *Jungfrau (13,670'), with her dazzling shroud of eternal snow, flanked by the Silberhorn (12,155') on the right and the Schneehorn (11,205') on the left. The proportions of the mountain are so gigantic, that the eye in vain attempts to estimate them , and distance seems annihilated by their vastness. To the left of the Jungfrau, the highest summit of which is not visible, rise the Monch (13,468') and the Eiger (13,040'); while to the right are the summits of the upper valley of Lauterbrunnen as far as the Grspaltenhorn, — The view from the (20 min.) top of the Hundsschopf (hench and signal) is little superior to that from the Hotel Jungfrau. A fine view of the Lauterbrunnen valley is obtained from the Gurmschbuhl (6223'), reached by diverging to the left from the way to Wengen, 1/4 ^r- below the station, and turning 8 min. farther on to the right (the path to the left here leads to the Mettlen-Alp, p. 172). On the Wengern-Alp, at Grindelwald, and elsewJiere the traveller may have an opportunity of witnessing Sno20 Avalanches or Ice Avalanchess, which, on warm, sunny days, generally occur several times an hour. Except that the solemn stillness which reigns in these desolate regions is interrupted by the echoing thunders of the falling masses, the spectacle can hardly be called imposing. The avalanche, as it descends from rock to rock on the mountain-side to disappear finally at its foot, resembles a huge white cascade. The more destructive avalanches, bearing with them rocks, earth, and gravel, occur only in spring and winter. Ascent of the Jdngfrad. Between 1811, when the Jungfrau was scaled for the first time by the two Meyers of Aarau, and 1856 the ascent was only accomplished five times ; but it has since been undertaken frequently, and is now made several times almost every year. Though extremely fatiguing, it is unattended with danger to experts (guides 80 fr. each ; with descent to the Eggishorn 100 fr. ; porter 60 and 80 fr.). The easiest ascent ia that by the S. side, the night being spent in the Concordia- Hiltte (p. 317), 5 hrs. from the Eggishorn Hotel; thence to the summit 6-7 hrs. The ascent from Grindelwald is facilitated by spending a night in the Bergli-Hutte (p. 178), 8-9 hrs. from Grindelwald; thence over the Monchjoch and the Jungfraufirn to the Roththal-Sattel (p. 171) 4-4V2 hrs., and to the top in IV4 br. more. — The ascents from the Little Scheidegg and from Lauterbrunnen by the Roththal-Sattel are difficult and hazardous. From the Roththal Hut (p. 171), leaving the Roththal to the right, the ascent requires 7V2 hrs. (trying, but safe). — The Silberhorn (12,155') was ascended for the first time, in 1863, by Ed. v. Fellenberg and Karl Baedeker (from the Wengei-n- Scheidegg by the Eiger., Quggi., and Giessen Glaciers., in 121/2 brs.; difficult and trying; guide 50 fr.). The ascent by the W. arete was first performed in 1887 by Mr. Seymour King. The projected Jungfrau Railway (electric line; maximum gradient 26 : 100), for which a concession has been granted by the Federal authorities, ascends from the Kleine Scheidegg to the station Eiger gletscher (7480'), on the margin of the glacier, beyond which it is carried through a constant succession of tunnels. Stations Eiger (10,567'), on the S. side of the Eiger, near the Bergli Hut (p. 178), and Monch (11.886'), on the S. side of the Monch, near the Jungfrau-Joch (p. 178). The terminus Jungfrau (13,450') will be connected with the summit by a lift 216' high, with a winding staircase on the outside. From the Wengern-Alp the railway ascends gradually, with con- tinuous fine views to the right. Pedestrians follow the bridle-path, 1 74 III. Route 48. LITTLE SCHEIDEGG. Bernese which crosses the line near the Hotel Jungfrau and then skirts it to the (3/4 hr.) station of Scheidegg ; this walk is especially recom- mended for the descent. 5^/4 M. Scheidegg (carriages changed in hoth directions; detention frequent), on the summit of the Little or Lauterbrunnen Scheidegg (6788'; Hotel Bellevue, R. , L. , & A. 4-5, B. 1^/4, D. 4 fr.; S. B. G. H. ; Engl. Ch. Service in July and August). This ridge affords a striking view of the valley of Grindelwald to the N. , as far as the Great Scheidegg, dominated on the right by the broad summit of the Wetterhorn , with its rocky peaks and snow -fields, bounded on the N. by the Faulhorn range (to the extreme left is the blunt cone of the Faulhorn with its inn). On the S. opens a splendid view of the Monch, Eiger, and Jungfrau, with the Silberhorn and Schnee- horn (but more in profile than from the Wengern-Alp). A tolerable patli leads from the Hotel Bellevue to (1 hr.) an Ice &roUo in the Eiger Olacier (fee); but the chief attraction of this expedition is the view, especially from the "Fallbodenhuhel (7136'; about halfway; view- bench), of the Monch, from which descend the Eiger G!acier (on the left), and the Guggi Glacier (on the right). — At the lower end of the Gnggi Glacier we can descry, with a telescope, the Guggi Club-Hut (7972'-, 13/4-2 hrs. from the Little Scheidegg ; guide 5 fr.), seldom used, aa the Monch is now ascended from the Bergli-Hut, and the Eiger direct from the Hotel Bellevue (see above). The ascent of the 'Xauberhorn (8120'), in about 1 hr. by a path (guide- posts) between the station and the Bellevue Hotel, is especially recom- mended for the magniticent view it commands and the ease by which it is accomplished. The entire chain of the Bernese Alps is in sight. To the right of the imposing Wetterhorn are the broad Berglistock and the Upper Grindelwald Glacier, the Mettenberg, Great and Little Schreckhorn, Lauteraarhorn, Eiger, Monch, and Jungfrau; still farther to the right, a piece of the Mittaghorn, the Grosshorn, Breithom, Tschingelhorn, with the dark Lauterbrunner Wetterhorn in front of it, between the Tschingel Glacier (on the left) and the Petersgrat (on the right); then follows the range as far as the Gspaltenhorn; farther back, the Bhimlisalp; in front, the plateau of Miirren, with Lauterbrunnen and the Staubbach below; above are the Schilthorn, the Sulegg-Grat with the Lobhorner (p. 172), and projecting above it, to the right, the Niesen ; then the Abendberg, Wil- derswyl, Unterseen with St, Beatenberg above it; above the Grindelwald valley appears the Faulhorn range, with the Schwarzhorn (usually snow- clad) ; and in the distance beyond the Great Scheidegg, the Sustenhorner and the Titlis. On the N. the Lauberhorn is adjoined by the precipitous Tschuggen (8278'; 2 hrs. from the Scheidegg) and, farther on, by the -M&nnlichen (7695"), another good point of view, ascended in 2-2V2 hrs. from the Little Scheidegg. A path is projected to skirt the slope of the Lauberhorn, but pending its completion, we descend by the stables of the Hotel Bellevue to the chalets of Bustigeln (6250'), which are visible from the hotel, to the left. Above these (1/2 hr.) a guide-board on an old stone-pine indicates the path, ascending to the left. In a short time we come in sight of the white inn on the top of the Mannlichen. The distinct path skirts the Tschuggen; 40 min. crosses the Mehlbaumen-Grahen streamlet; 50 min. H6t. Grindelwald- Rigi (about 7220'; R., L., & A. 31/2-4, B. li 2. dej. 31/2, D- 41/2 fr.). The top is reached in 1/2 hr, more. The view of the Eiger, Monch, and Jung- frau is inferior to that from the Lauberhorn, owing to the intervening Tschuggen, but the more distant peaks to the right and left are better seen (panorama by G. Studer). — The Mannlichen is ascended from Grin- delwald without difficulty in 4 hrs. (descent 2V2-3 hrs.; horse 18 fr. ; guide, unnecessary, 10 fr.). Near the station of Grund (see below), beyond the Oberland. GRINDELWALD. III. Route 48. 175 bridge over the Liitscliine, we turn to the right and follow the road and afterwards the bridle-path (flnger-posts) crossing i'he Mehlbaumen- Or aben at the Steinenweid (about 3935') and ascending the Raufte (5085'; view-hut at the top), whence we see the Hot. Grindelwald-Rigi in front of us. Thence to the top by the Itramen-Alp, nearly 2 hrs. Both railway and bridle-path (272 hrs'. walk to Grindelwald) follow the slope to the right immediately behind the Hotel Bellevue. To the right is a retrospect of the Jungfrau, Then over the stony Wergisthal-Alp, at the foot of the Eiger, to (8 M.) Alpiglen (5287'; Hot. des Alpes^ 1/4 M. from the station, plain but not cheap), on a commanding terrace. [The direct path hence to the 'Eismeer' (p. 177), fatiguing but repaying, should be attempted only with guide, ice- axe, and rope.] The Wetterhorn becomes more and more conspicu- ous as we advance, with the Mettenberg in front of it; farther on the Schreckhorn is seen through the gap between the Mettenberg and the Eiger. The line makes a steep descent into the valley of the Black Liitschme and crosses the stream. — IOY2 M. Grand (3100'}, the lower station for Grindelwald, whence the train backs out to ascend to the (_11 M.) principal station of Grindelwald (see below). — Walkers from Grindelwald to the Little Scheidegg cross the bridge over the Liitschine near the station of Grund, and thence follow the bridle-path to the left, which crosses the line farther on ; to Alpligen 2 hrs., thence to the top IY2 hr. Grindelwald. — Hotels (all of which have restaurants and usually also seats in the open air). *Bear (Messrs. Boss), 3 min. from the station, a large new house of five stories but without a lift, R., L., & A. 4-6, B. I1/2, lunch 31/2, D.5, pens, from 10 fr. (S.B.G.H.); *Eagle, 1/2 M. from the station, with pleasant garden and several dependances (same proprietors and similar charges, D. 5, pens. 9-12 fr.) ; *Eigek, R. from 3, B. IV2, lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 7-8 fr. — *H6t.-Pens. Buegenek, R., L., & A. from 3, B. I1/4, lunch 2V2, D. 3, pens. 8 fr. ; Hot.-Pens. Gkindelwald, somewhat plainer, pens, from 5-6 fr. — At the station: Hot. Alpenkuhe, R. 2, B. IV4, D. 3, pens, from 6 fr. ; Hot.-Pens. Oberland ; Hot. de la Gare, close to the station (wine on draught). — 'Hot. du Glacier, 7-8 min. below the principal station and as far from Grund, R., L., & A. from 2, B. I1/4, lunch 2V2, D. 3, pens, from 5 fr. — Victoria, in an open situation on the Diirrenberg, 1 M. above the station, new. — *H6t.-Pens. Schonegg, in a quiet situation, 8 min. from the station, above the Hot. Eiger, to the left, with garden, pens, from 5 fr. — Restaurant Bellevue, beside the Hot. Eiger, beer on draught, with rooms. — Confectioner, J. Zbdren, beside the Bear. Post and Telegraph Office, between the Eiger and Eagle Hotels. English Church Service in the Protestant Church. Guides. Rud. Kaufmann (Obmann), Peter Baumann ('am Guggen'), Peter Baumann-Tuftbach, Christ. Aimer, father and son, Ulrich and Hans Aimer ^ Chr. Bohren-Trychelegg, Peter Kaufmann (two of this name), Hans Kaufmann, Hans Batimann, Hans Bern et, VI. Rubi, Christ., Franz, and Sam. Jossi, Joh. Heimann, Peter, Sam., and Ha7is Brawand, Joh. and Christ. Burgener, and many others. — Good ice-axes (18 fr.) from Ch. Schenk. The authorities at Grindelwald recommend tourists not to yield to any of the attempts made to obtain money from them by songs, perform- ances on the Alpine horn, exhibitions of Alpine animals, etc. — all of which are merely forms of begging in disguise. It is of course impossible to escape payment of the numerous tolls and pontages, but in these cases one payment is supposed to frank the visitor for the entire season, no matter how many visits he may make. The paths are mostly in very poor repair. Grindelwald (3468' at the church; 3415' at the station), prop- \1 6 III. Route 48. GRINDELWALD. Bernese erly Oydisdorf, a large village (3087 inhab.) almost entirely rebuilt since the disastrous fire of 18th Aug., 1892, is an excellent starting- point for mountain-excursions, and also a favourite summer-resort, the situation being sheltered and healthful. Three gigantic mountains bound the valley on the S., the Eiger (13,040'}, the Mettenberg (10,197'), which forms the base of the Schreckhorn, and the beau- tiful three-peaked Wetterhorn (12,150'l5 "^hich impresses its character on the entire landscape. Between the two former lies the Upper Grindelwald Glacier, and between the two latter the Lower Grindel- wald Glacier. These glaciers are the feeders of the Black Lutschine. Most visitors content themselves with a visit to the * Upper Glacier (horse there and back 8 fr.). From the station we follow the principal village-street, passing the hotels and the (10 min.) Churchy and beyond the new school-house, decorated with mottoes, take the footpath to the right (straight on is the bridle-path). The undulating path leads past some refreshment -huts to the (^/^ hr.) Hotel Wetterhorn (4040'; R. I1/2, pens. 41/2-5 fr.), just before which we pass a memorial to Dr. A. Haller of Burgdorf, who perished on the Lauteraar Glacier in 1880. Here we diverge to the right from the main path (which goes on to the Great Scheidegg, see p. 186), cross the Liitschine (3935'), and in 10 min. reach the glacier. The artificially hewn *Ice Grotto (adm. 50 c. ; a small fee is also usually given) is the finest near Grindelwald and the only one worth a visit. Another way back to Grindelwald (guide, 6 fr., not indispensable) is by a path ascending the left moraine to the Chalet Milchbach (4130' •■, rfmts. ; visible from below), which affords a good view of the ice-fall. The path (finger-posts) then enters the wood to the right, passing between the Mettenberg and the Halsegg^ and descends on the left bank of the Lutschine and across the Sulz to the bridge near the saw-mill mentioned below, and back to (IV4 hr.) Grindelwald. — From the Chalet Milchbach we may, by means of numerous ladders (not recommended to novices; guide necessary; 1 fr.), ascend to the Wetterhorn path (comp. p. 177), and pass through the Milchbach-Schlucht to the (^/ihr.) edge of the glacier above the ice-fall (about 525U'; fine survey of the glacier). A narrow, and in wet weather very muddy, path leads to the E. from the Hotel Wetterhorn. past the 'Camera Obseura' and the small pavilion, and through shrubs and pines, to (20 min.) the *Eisboden ('Ischbode''; 4400'), a beautiful pasture close to the base of the Wetterhorn, afifording a noble survey of the glacier, the Mettenberg, Schreckhorner, Eiger, and the Grindelwald Valley. The Lower Glacier has so retrograded that the ascent to the Biiregg will alone repay the visitor (p. 177; guide, 7 fr., unneces- sary for moderately experienced walkers; horse to the Weissen- fluh, V2 lir. below the Baregg, 10 fr., not recommended), while the only other interesting point is the imposing Gorge of the Liit- schine. Bridle-paths, above the Hotel Eiger and between the Eagle Hotel and the church, descend to the right to the bridge spanning the branch of the Liitschine that issues from the upper glacier. On the opposite bank, on which is a saw-mill, the path straight on ascends to the Baregg, while we continue to the right at the same level, and finally cross a wooden bridge over the discharge of Oberland. GRINDELWALD. III. Route 48. 177 the glacier to the entrance of the Gorge of the Liitschine, which has been rendered accessible by means of wooden galleries and steps (50 c). The ascent of the left lateral moraine to the (i/2tr.} upper part of the glacier, where there is an artificial Ice Grotto (50 c), is not worth the trouble. It is preferable either to return to Grindel- wald by the pretty wooded path on the left bank of the Liitschine, finally crossing the foot-bridge below the Hotel du Glacier; or to fol- low the right bank for about 70 paces from the wooden bridge and then to ascend the right lateral moraine to the Baregg path. On this latter ascent we pass (I/4 hr.) a refreshment-hut beside a wooden bridge, affording an interesting view of the gorge (50 c), and in 1/4 hr. more a second refreshment-hut whence another artificial Ice Grotto is accessible (50 c). — From the bridge and saw-mill mentioned above a path ascends straight uphill to (II/2-IV4 lir.) the Chalet Baregg (5-410'; dear), which commands a good survey of the *Lower Eismeer ('sea of ice'), the large basin of neve in which the glacier accumulates before it descends to the valley. Above it rise the Zasenberghorn, Grindelwalder Griinhorn, Great and Little Grindelwalder Fiescherhorn, and Eiger. A projecting rocky knoll, 20-25 min. farther on, affords a still opener view. A flight of wooden steps (1 fr.), about 5 min. from the chalet, descends to the edge of the 'Eismeer'. The glacier may be crossed, with guide (from Grindelwald, 9 fr.), to (1 hr.) the Zdtenberg (6050'), surrounded by pastures, and occupied by shepherds in summer. — The ascent of the ■zasenberghorn (7687'i magnificent survey of the glaciers) takes l'/2 hr. from the Zasenberg (guide 12 fr.). On every side tower huge and wild masses of ice, and the view is bounded by the imposing summits of the Eiger, Schreckhorner, Fiescherhorner, etc. An interesting and compara- tively easy trip may be made from the Baregg to the Zasenberghorn^ Fiescherfirn, and back by the Kalli (7-8 hrs.-, guide 20 fr.). The Mettenberg {Mittelberg, 10,19?'; 10 hrs. from Griudelwald via the Baregg •■, guide 30 fr.) commands an imposing view of the Schreckhorn, the Finsteraarhorn, and the Eismeer, but is comparatively seldom ascended. The favourite ascent is that of the *Wetterhorn (12,150'; guide 60, porter 45 fr.), which was first scaled in 1844. The ascent, now made almost daily in summer when the weather is good, is free from serious difficulty, though requiring perseverance and a steady head. From the Chalet Milchbach by the ladders to the upper glacier, see p. 176. We cross the glacier to the Schlupf and traverse the precipitous Zybachsplatten, with numerous brooks in wet weather, to the m<&vi "''•^^ . .X?" L.jjir •lielhoni *1 t ifOnOtorn • J^ ^ -, n to Leiik. SCHWARENBACH. III. Route 53. 193 ingj guide, 50 fr. for each. The night is spent in the Diinden Club Hut on the Diinden Pass ; thence up the Bliimlisalp Glacier, 4-5 hrs. to the sum- mit.) — The Doldenhorn (11,965; guide, 40 fr.), first ascended by Messrs. Roth and Fellenberg in 1862 (from Kandersteg by the Biberg Alp in 8 hrs.), is difficult. — The Friindenhorn (11,030'; guide 40 fr.), first ascended in 1871 by Messrs. Ober and Corradi (from Kandersteg by the Alp In den Friinden, 1072 hrs.), is also difficult. — Interesting but toilaome passes lead from the Oeschinen-Thal to the Kander Glacier, across the Oeschinen-Joch (about 10,430'), between the Oeschinenhorn and the Friindenhorn, and across the Friinden-Joch (about 10030'), between the Friindenhorn and the Doldenhorn. The *Diindenhorn or WUtwe (9410'^ guide 20 fr.), ascended from Kander- steg by the Obere Oeschinen-Alp in 6 hrs., rather difficult, for experts only, affords a splendid survey of the Bliimlisalp group. We may then follow the arete to the Diinden Hut (see above), and descend thence to Kander- steg (13-14 hrs. in all). The wild Gastern-Thal, from which the Kander descends in pictur- esque falls, deserves a visit (V4-I hr.). A good path, diverging between the Bear and Gemmi hotels, skirts the left bank and ascends steeply through the Klus (p. 199) to the upper part of the valley, bounded on the S. by the precipices of the Tatlishorn and Altels. Splendid fall of the Geltenbach. The -Alpschelenhubel (7385'; 3 hrs. ; guide advisable, 8 fr.), to the W. of Kandersteg, presents an easy and attractive ascent. We diverge to the right from the Gemmi road, 7 min. from the Bear Hotel, ascend via the Alpbach and the Ueschinen-Thal to the (1 hr.) Ueschinen-Alp (p. 197), and thence to the right by the Bonderkrinden route (p. 197; steep at places but perfectly safe) to the Alpschelen-Alp (6870'). Thence to the (2 hrs.) summit, over pasture to the N.E. (fine view). From Kandersteg over the Bonderkrinden to Adelboden. see p. 197 (guide lOfr.); over the Lotschen Pass to Gampel (in the Valais), see R. 55 (guide 20 fr.) ; over the *Tschingel Pass to Lauterbrunnen, see p. 170 (guide 30 fr. ; preferable in the reverse direction, as there are no inns in the Gastern-Thal, and the ascent thence is very long and fatiguing). — Over the *Petersgrat to the Lotschen- Thai (11-12 hrs. from Kandersteg to Ried ; guide 40 fr.), a very fine route. We follow the Tschingel Pass route to the top of the Kanderfirn ; then turn to the right and ascend snow-slopes to the pass on the Petersgrat (10,515'; splendid view). Descent through the Faflerthal or Tellithal to Eied (comp. p. 171). Beyond the Bear Hotel (p. 192) the road contracts to a well-kept bridle-path, and ascends straight in the direction of the Gellihorn ('Mittaghorn' ; 7530'), which closes the Kander-Thal. On the right is the Alpbach^ issuing from the Ueschinen-Thal^vfith several small falls. The path ascends in windings on a slope at the base of the Gellihorn for about l^/^hr., and then leads through pine-forest high above the Gastern-Thal (p. 199) and then above the Schioarzbach Valley, afford- ing fine views of the Fisistock, Doldenhorn, etc. About '^4 br- farther on, we reach the Spitalmatte (6250'), a pasture which was entirely devastated in Sept., 1895, by a rupture of the glacier cover- ine the slopes of the Alteh (11,930'), to the left. Between the Altels and the black rocky peak of the Kleine Rinderhorn (9865'; adjoining which is the snow-clad Grosse Rinderhorn, 11,372'), lies imbedded the Schwarz Glacier, drained by the Schwarzbach. We next traverse a stony wUderness to the (}/o hr.) Inn on the Schwarenbach (6775'; R., L., & A. 31/4, B. IV2 fr-)- The *Balmhom (12,180'), ascended in 5-6 hrs., over the Schwarz Glacier and the Zagengrat (toilsome, but free from danger; guide 30 fr.), affords a magnificent panorama of the Alps of Bern and the Valais, extending to N. Switzerland. — The Altels (11,930') is also interesting (5-6 hrs. ; guide Baedbkeb, Switzerland. 10th Edition. 13 194 III. Route 53. BATHS OF LEUK. From Spiez 25 fr; ; much step-cutting necessary when there is little snow). Those who are not subject to dizziness may combine the Balmhorn with tie Altels (guide 50 fr.). — The Wildstrubel (10,670' ; guide 25, with descent to Leuk 35 fr.), ascended from the Gemmi over the Ldmmern Glacier in 4- 41/2 hrs., is fatiguing, but repaying (comp. p. 200). We next reach the (}/2 hr.) shallow Daubensee (7265'), a lake 11/4 M. long, fed by the Lammern Glacier (see below), with no visible outlet , and generally frozen over for seven months in the year. The path skirts the E. bank of the lake for nearly 1/2 ^^-^ and, 10 min. beyond it, reaches the summit of the pass, the Gemmi or Daube (7553' ; *E6tel Wildstrubel, R., L., & A. 3-3 V2, B. 1 V2' lunch 3, D.3Y2) pens. 9fr.), at the base of the Daubenhorn (9685'), com- manding a magnificent *View of the Alps of the Valais (panorama bylmfeld). The mountains to the extreme left are the Mischabel- horner (Balfrinhorn, IJlrichshorn, Nadelhorn, Dom, and Taschhorn) ; more to the right and farther off rise Monte Rosa, the Barrhorn, the Brunegghorn; in the centre, the huge Weisshorn, the Zinal-Roth- horn, the Ober-Gabelhorn, the blunt pyramid of the Matterhorn, the Pointe de Zinal, the Dent Blanche, the Bouquetins, and the Dents de Veisivi. To the right of the Daubenhorn is the range of the Wildstrubel, with the Lammern Glacier, and far below lie the Baths of Leuk. Rich flora. About 4 min. below the pass we reach the brink of an almost perpendicular rock, 1660' high, down which, in 1736-41, the Can- tons of Bern and Valais constructed one of the most curious of Alpine routes, nowhere less than 5' in width. The windings are hewn in the rock, often resembling a spiral staircase, the upper parts actually projecting at places beyond the lower. The steepest parts and most sudden corners are protected by parapets. Distant voices reverberating in the gorge sometimes sound as if they issued from its own recesses. The descent on horseback is now prohibited; a marble cross, 1/4 hr, from the top, commemorates an accident to a rider. At the foot of the cliff succeeds a slope of debris, the lower part of which is covered with firs. The descent from the pass to the Baths takes IV2 lir. (ascent 2^2 lirs., of which i^o^^- represents the ascent of the cliff). Baths of Leuk. — Hotels. -Hotel des Alpes, R. & A. 31/2, B. I1/2, lunch 31/2, D. 41/2, pens. 7-10 fr.; *MAisoNBLANCHE,with its dependance Geand Bain; *H6tel de France, R., L., & A. 4, B. I1/2, D. 4 fr. ; '-Union, R., L., & A. 3, D. 4 fr. ; *H6t. des Fr^ees Brunnee. R., L., & A. 3, D. 81/2, pens. 5-6V2 fr. ; *Bellevde, R., L., & A. 2-3, B. 1 fr. 30, lunch 2V2, D. 3. pens. 5 fr., recommended to passing tourists 5 *Gcill. Tell, similar charges ; Rossli, un- pretending, R., L., & A. 11/2, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 4-5 fr. — Beee at the Mai- son Blanche, Bellevue (Cursaal), and Restaurant des Touristes (opposite the Hot. Tell). — Horse to Kandersteg 20, Schwarenbach 12, Gemmi 8 fr. ; Porter^ to Kandersteg 10, Schwarenbach 6, Gemmi 4 fr. — Diligence (from the Hotel de France) to the Leuk station every forenoon in summer in 2 hrs. (3 fr. 95 c.) ; one-horse carr. 12-15, two-horse 25 fr. — English Church. Bad Leuk (4630'), Fr. Loeche-les-Bains, locally known as Baden, a village (620 inhab.) consisting chiefly of wooden houses and the to Leuk. INDEN. /// Route 53. 195 large hotels and bath-houses, lies on green pastures in a valley opening to the S., and watered by the Dala. In July and August the baths are much frequented by French, Swiss, and Italian visitors. In the height of summer the sun disappears about 5 p.m. The huge, perpendicular wall of the Gemmi presents a weird appearance by moonlight. The Thermal Springs (93-123° Fahr.), impregnated with lime, about 22 in number, are chiefly beneficial in cases of cutane- ous disease and rheumatism. The bath-houses {Grosses Bad, Neues Bad, St. Lorenz-Bad, and three others) are connected with the hotels, and contain both private and common basins, in which the patients under full treatment spend several hours daily. Spec- tators are admitted to the galleries of the common basins, where they are expected to contribute a small sum 'pour les pauvres'. The loud and animated conversation of the patients , who appear to en- joy excellent spirits, is chiefly in French. Small tables or trays float upon the water, bearing cups of coffee, newspapers, books, and other means of passing the time. The baths are open from 5 to 10 a.m. and from 2 to 5 p.m. — The Cur-Promenade , an avenue 1/2 M- in length, leading from the Neue Bad past the Hotel Bellevne, is fre- quented in the morning by the patients drinking the waters and in the afternoon by promenaders (music). Excursions. A walk leads from the end of the Cur-Promenade to the (20 min.) foot of a lofty precipice on the left bank of the Dala. Here we ascend by eight rude Ladders (echelles), attached to the face of the rock, to a good path at the top, which leads in 1 hr. to the village of Albinen, or Arhignon (4252')- The fine view obtained from a projecting rock above the second ladder will repay the climber; but persons liable to dizziness should not attempt the ascent. The descent is more difficult. — Excursions may also be made to the Fall of the Dala., 1/2 hr. to the N.E., above Leuk; to the Foljeret or Feuilleretfe Alp (5850'), Vt hr. to the E., with fine view of the Altels, Balmhorn, and Gemmiwand; to the Fluh Alp (6710'), 21/2 hrs. and to the Torrent Alp (6345') via the Wolfstritt, IV2 hr. The *Torren thorn (9852'; 41/2 hrs.) commands a magnificent view of the Bernese and Valaisian Alps ; bridle-path nearly to the summit (horse 15 fr. ; guide desirable, 10 fr.). About V/2 hr. from the summit and 2^/2 hrs. from the Baths is a new Hotels commanding fine views. The route may be varied by descending across the Majing Glacier (guide indispensable). Trav- ellers from the Rhone Valley save considerably by going direct from the town of Leuk (p. 196) to Albinen, and thence with a guide by Cher- mignon (6284') to the Torrenthorn, whence they may descend to the Baths of Leuk. The descent by the above-mentioned ladders, which is usually chosen by the guides, should be avoided, especially in wet weather. The Oalmhorn (8080'), near Chermignon, is also frequently ascended (2V2 hrs. from the Baths, by the Torrent Alp). Those who do not care to ascend higher will be repaid by a visit to Chermignon , which afifords a capital survey of the Rhone Valley and the Valaisian Alps. — Passes : To the Lotsghen-Thal over the Gitzifurgge, or to Kandersteg over the Gitzi- furgge and the Lotschen Pass, laborious (comp. p. 198). To the Lotschen- Thal over the Ferden Pass, interesting and not difficult (comp. p. 198). To Adelboden over the Engstligengrat (7-8 hrs.), repaying (p. 197). The road to Leuk crosses the Dala immediately below the Baths (retrospect of the Rinderhorn and Balmhorn) and descends on the right bank to (3 M.) Inden (3730'; Restaurant des Alpes'), whence pedestrians should follow the shorter bridle-path to the left. The 13* \9Q HI. Route 54. ADELBODEN. The Adelboden road, after following the slope a little farther, descends in windings, and recrosses the (II/2M.") torrent by a handsome bridge affording tine views of the ravine. Pedestrians bound for Sieree (p. 309) take the old road, whicli diverges to the right from the above road, below the last curve and about 500 yds. before the bridge, passes through several tunnels, and gradually descends the slope by Varen and Salgesch (to Sierre 2 hrs.). The road quits the Dala ravine about IV4 M. farther on at a point high above the Rhone Valley, of which a beautiful view is disclosed. From the angle (2998') pedestrians follow the finger- posts direct to Leuk, or Loeehe-Ville (2470'; p. 309), while the carriage-road describes a curve of nearly 2^/2 M. From the town to Leuk Station (2044'; p. 309), about 1 M. ; from the Baths of Leuk to the station is a walk of 2-2^2 ^rs. 54. The Adelboden Valley. Comp. Map, p. 192. From Spiez to (IG'/i M.) Adelboden, Diligence daily in 6V3 hrs. (5 fr. 40 c), at 7 a.m. (from Frutigen at 10.30). Carriage with one horse 18, with two horses 32 fr., from Frutigen 10 and 18 fr. — The verdant Adelboden Valley, watered by the Engstligenbach, is one of the most attractive upland valleys in the Oberland. The upper end of the valley, shut in by the Lohner and the Wildstrubel, presents imposing scenery, while the village of Adelboden is a convenient centre for numerous shorter and longer excursions, and is much frequented as a summer-resort. Frutigen (2717'), see p. 191. The new road gradually ascends on the left bank of the Engstligen, crossing several impetuous tributary brooks descending from the wooded mountain-slopes on the right, and passes beneath the Linterfluh (slate quarries). At (572 M.) Rinderwald it crosses to the right bank by means of a bold bridge, and passes the inn of Steg and the PocMenkessel (2min. below the road, see below) to Eirzboden, where it returns to the left bank near the Hospital for the Poor. It continues to ascend to (41/2 M.; 10 M. from Frutigen) Adelboden (4450'; *Hdt.-Pens. Wildstrubel, R., L., & A. 3, D. 31/2, S. 21/2, pens. 7V2-8V2 fr. ; *Curhaus, prettily situated above the village, R., L., & A.2-4,B. 1, de'j. 2, D. 31/2, pens. 6-9 fr.; Pens. Edelweiss, pens. 5-6 fr.; Adler, Pens. Hari, both unpretending; English Church Service in sum- mer), beautifully situated on a sunny terrace, 400' above the Engstligenbach, with interesting old timber buildings and an old church containing mediaeval frescoes. Huge maple- tree in the churchyard. Pine-forests in the vicinity. ExooRSioNS (guides, G. Fahndrich. schoolmaster^ Joh. Pieren, David Spori, Sam.Zryd). Shoet Walks : To the N., through Vne Aeusser-Schwand to the (3/4 hr.) Biitscheggen (4480), at the mouth of the Tschenten-Thal, commanding a view of the Frutig valley and the Niesen chain. The Hornli (4910'), Vzlir. farther up towards the Tschenten-Alp, commands a still more extensive view. — To the (1 hr.) Koleren Gorge, in the Tschen- ten-Graben, with a curious grotto excavated by the Tschenten-Bach (en- trance from below). — To the (I1/4 hr.) Pochtenkessel, a deep gorge of the Engstligenbach near the inn of Steg (see above), 2 min. below the road Valley. WILDSTRUBEL. III. Route 54. 197 to Frutigen. — To the (1 br.) Wettertanne or Schermtanne in the. Allen- iach-Thal, via Stiegehchwand, at the foot of the tremendous precipices of the Albriat and Gsiir. — To the Bonderlen-Thal and the Lolmer Waterfalls (2 hrs. to the foot of the cliffs of the Lohner), a charming Alpine glade and a beautiful cascade. Farther up towards the Bonder-Alp are abun- dant rhododendrons. — To the (2 hrs.) *"Engstlig Falls, a copious water- fall, 490' high, in two leaps (the ascent to the imposing upper fall not ad- visable for novices). To the Engstlig-Alp., see below. — Short Ascents: To the Kunisbergii and Hochst (5380'), 2^/2 hrs., via the farm of 5oc?e?i, a picturesque Alp, with rhododendrons-, the Hochst commands a view of the Adelboden valley (guide 3 fr., not indispensable). — To the (2 hrs.) Schwandfeldspitze (6660'; good view), above the village to the W. (guide 4fr., not indispensable). — To the Regenbolshorn (7200'; 3 hrs.; guide 6 fr.), to the left of the Hahnenmoos (see below), attractive. — To the (31/2-4 hrs.) 'Laveigrat (7952' ; guide 6 fr.), via the Alp Sillern and along the Sillern-Grat; fine view of the Bernese Alps and the Vaud and Frei- burg mountains. At the W. foot of the mountain are the Baths of Lenk. Longer Mountain Todrs : ''Bonderspitz (8360'; 4 hrs.; guide 8 fr.) and Elsighorn (7695'; 6 hrs.; guide 8 fr., not indispensable), two easy and interesting ascents. On the Elsigalp is a small lake, with stone-pines in the vicinity. — *Albrist (9065'; 5-6 hrs.; guide 12 fr.), not difficult; fine view of the Bernese and Valaisian Alps. The ascent leads via the elevated Furggi-Alp (6835'), and an attractive descent may be made via the Hahnen- moos (guide 15 fr.). — Gsiir (8895' ; 5 hrs. ; guide 12 fr.), via Schwandfeld, difficult, for experts only; fine view of the Bernese Alps. — Gross-Lohner (10,020'; 7-8 hrs. ; guide 80 fr.), a fatiguing ascent, adapted only for experts ; fine view. — Wildstrubel {Gross- Slrubel, or E, summit, 10,670'; 8-lUhrs.; guide 30 fr.), an interesting glacier expedition, not difficult for adepts, via the EngstUg-Alp (see below), and ih-O. Struhelegg (9610'). The summit com- mands an imposing view of the entire chain of the Valaisian Alps, the Mont Blanc group, the Lammern Glacier, the Plaine Morte, etc. The descent may be made over the crevassed Lammern Glacier to the Gemmi (p. 194; guide 40 fr.), or over the Plaine Morte to Lenk (p. 199). — Felsenhorn (9175'; 7 hrs.; guide 15 fr.), via the Engstligen-Gral (see below), a very interesting expedition, with a fine view of the neighbourhood of the Gemmi, and of the Bernese and Valaisian Alps. — 'Mannlifluh (8705'), via Rinderwald and Otterngrat (pass to Diemtigen, 7220'), 51/2 hrs., also interesting. Passes. To Lenk a path, marshy at places, leads over the Hahnen- moos (6410'), passing a large dairy establishment near the top, in 4-5 hrs. (guide 8, horse 15 fr.). Beautiful view, during the descent, of the upper Simmen-Thal, the Wildstrubel, the Weisshorn, and the Razli Glacier. In the reverse direction I-IV2 hr. longer. From Adelboden to Kandersteg, an interesting route over the Bonder- krinden (8300'; 6 hrs.; guide 10 fr.), with which the ascent of the Bon- derspitz (see above) may be conveniently combined. — To Schwarenbaoh, somewhat fatiguing (8-9 hrs. ; guide 15 fr.), via the Bonderkrinden, Veschi- nen-Thal^ and Schwarzgratli (see below). — To Schwarenbaoh over the Engstligengrat, 7-9 hrs., with guide (15 fr.), a fine route. From Adel- boden we ascend to the S., passing the EngstUg Falls (see above) or by the steep and stony 'Fahrweg' (a digression of 1 hr.), to the (3 hrs.) Engst- Ug Alp (6360' ; small inn), a wide Alpine basin at the base of the Wild- strubel (see above). We then cross the (2 hrs.) Engstligen-Grat, passing the serrated yscftmgreiocTiijgfTiom (8990'), and descend into the Ueschinen-Thdli, with its little lake (far below to the left lies the Ueschinen-Thal). Then to the left, over the Schwarzgratli (see above), to (2 hrg.) Schwarenhach (p. 193); or we may traverse the Ueschinen-Thdli Glacier., on the W. side of the Felsenhorn (9175'), and descend through the Rathe Kumme to the Daubensee and (4 hrs.) Gemmi Pass. The route passes through a rich Alpine flora, with abundant edelweiss. 198 55. From Gampel to Kandersteg. Lotschen Pass. Comp. Map, p. 192. This excursion (12 hrs.) is suited for good walkers only, in fine weather Guide from Ferden or Ried to Kandersteg necessary (15, frona Gampel 20 fr.). The Lotschen- Thai itself deserves a visit. A rough and steep cart-road leads to Goppenstein ; thence to Ried and Gletscherstaffel a bridle-path. From Gampel (2100' j *H6tel Lotschenthal), on the right bank of the Rhone, 1 M. to the N. of the station of that name (p. 309), the road ascends the Lotschen-Thal, or gorge of the Lonza^ which is much exposed to avalanches. Mounting rapidly at first, it passes the chapels of (1 hr.) Mitthal (3425') and (1/2 hr.) Goppenstein (4035'). Beyond Goppenstein the bridle-path crosses the (1/4 hr.) Lonza , where the valley expands, and leads to (1 hr.) Ferden (4557') and (1/4 hr.) Kippel (4514'; bed at the cure's). It then ascends gradually by Wiler to (40 min.) Ried (4950'; *H6t. Nesthorn, unpretending), finely situated at the N.W. base of the Bietschhorn (12,965'). Excursions. (Guides, Jos. Rubin, Jos. Kalbermattm, etc.) The Hoh- gleifen {Adlerspitze, 10,828'; 6-7 hrs., with guide) is not difficult. Superb view of the Valaisian Alps from the Simplon to Mont Blanc, the W. Bernese Alps, the Lotschen-Thal and Rhone Valley, and to the E. in the foreground the huge Bietschhorn. — The Bietschhorn (12.965'; 9 hrs., guide 60 fr.), first ascended by Mr. Leslie Stephen in 1859 , is very fatiguing and difficult, and fit for experts only. The night is spent in the Cluh- Hul on the Schafberg (8440'), 3 hrs. 'from Ried. The following ascents may also be made from Ried: '^ Lauterbrunnen- Breilhorn (12,400*; 7-8 hra., guide 3 ) fr.), not difficult for experts; -Eocken- horn (11,811'; 5V2-6V2 hrs.; guide 8 fr.), not difficult (see below); Tschingel- horn (11,748'; over the Petersgrat in 6 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.), not difficult; and Grosshorn (12,352'; 8 hrs.; guide 35 fr.), not difficult for experts. Passes. 0\ev the Petersgrat (10,515') to Lauterbrunnen (12 hrs.; 25 fr.), fatiguing but highly interesting, see p. 171. — Wettevliicke (10,365') and Schmadri-Joch (10.863'), both difficult, see p. 171. — Over the Lotschen- Irucke to the Eggishorn., see p. 318; oxer the Beichgr at to the Belalp, p. 311 (accommodation in the Chalet Seller, on the Fafler Alp., see p. 171). Over the Baltschieder-Joeh (about 11,150') to the Rhone Valley (from Ried to Visp 12 hrs., guide 20 fr.) , interesting but fatiguing. — The Bietschjoch (10,633'), 8 hrs. from Ried to Raron, is a fine route, free from difficulty (guide 12 fr.). Feom Ried to Bad Ledk ovee the Feeden Pass, 8-9 hrs., with guide, a very fine route, and not difficult. At the Kummen-Alp (see below) the path diverges to the left from the Lotschen Pass route and ascends the Ferden- Thai to the Ferden Pass (8593'), between the Majinghorn and the Ferden-Rothhorn. Descent over long stony slopes to the Fluh- Alp and through the Dalaihal to Bad Leuk (p. 194). — Over the Gitzifurgge (9613'), 9-10 hrs. to Bad Leuk, an interesting but laborious route. The pass lies to the S.W. of the Lotschen Pass, between the Ferden-Rothhorn and the Balnihorn. Descent over the Dala Glacier to the Fluh-Alp (see above). — Over THE Resti Pass, 7-8 hrs., also interesting (guide 12 fr.). From Ferden we ascend over the Resti-Alp (6926'; two beds) in 4 hrs. to the Resti Pass (8658'), between the Resti-Rothhorn and the Laucherspitze (9400'; easily ascended from the pass in 3/4 hr. ; admirable view) and descend over the Bach- Alp to the town of Leuk in 3-4 hrs. more. — To Leuk-Susten over the Faldum Pass (8675'), between the Laucherspitze and the Faldum-Rothhorn (9310'), or over the Niven Pass (8563'), between the Faldum-Rothhorn and the Mven (9110'; a fine point of view, V2 hr. from the pass), both easy. The Lotschen Pass is reached from. Ried in 31/2 hrs. by Weissen- ried, the Lauchern-Alp, and Sattlegi. Another route ascends from GASTERN-THAL. III. Route 55. 199 Ferden (p. 198) to the N.W., through beautiful larch-wood and over pastures, to the (2hrs.) Kiimmen- Alp [Q808'y, then over rock, d^ris, and patches of snow to the (2 hrs.) Lotschen Pass (8840'), commanded on the W. by the steep slopes of the Balmhorn (p. 193), and on the E. by the Schilthorn or Hockenhorn (10,817'; ascended from the pass in 2^2 l^^s. ; splendid view). We obtain the finest view on the route a little before reaching the pass itself: to the S.E. rises the Bietschhorn, to the S. the magnificent group of the Mi- schabel, Weisshorn, and Monte Rosa ; to the N. are the rocky but- tresses of the Doldenhorn and Bliimlisalp ; to the N.E. the Kander Glacier, overshadowed by the Mutthorn (9978'), The path descends on the right side of the Lotschenberg Glacier; near the end of the glacier it crosses to the left side and leads over the SchonbuJil to the (IV'4 hr.) Ofall-Alp (6036'; milk), overlooking the upper Gastern-Thal. At the bottom of the valley we cross the Kander to (1/2 tr.) Gasterndorf or Selden (5315'), a group of hovels (the first, a small cabaret). The Gastern-Thal was more thickly peopled at the beginning of the century than now ; but indiscrim- inate felling of timber has so exposed it to avalanches that the inhabitants have to leave it from February to the hay-harvest. Be- yond a beautiful forest, which for centuries has resisted the avalanches of the Doldenhorn, we next reach (1 hr.) Gasternholz (4462'), amidst a chaos of rocks. The valley bends here and soon expands, being bounded on the S. by the snow-clad Altels (11,930') and the Tatlishorn (8220'), and on the N. by the Fisistocke (9200'). Of the various waterfalls that descend the abrupt cliifs to the S., the finest is that of the Geltenbach. At the end of the valley the road enters the (1 hr.) Klus, a de- file 3/4 M. long, through which the Kander forces its way in a series of cascades. In the centre of the gorge we cross to the left bank of the river, and beyond its outlet we reach the Gemmi route, and (1/2 hr.) Kandersteg (see p. 192). 56. From Thun to Sion over the Rawyl. Comp. Map, p. 192. 22 hrs. Diligence from Thun to Lenk (33 M.) daily in 8 lirs. (9 fr., coupe 11 fr. 80 c. ; one-horse carr. 35, two-horse 60 fr.). From Lenk to Sion (IOV2 hrs.) a Bridle Path, good on the Bern side, but rough on the other. Guide desirable (to Sion 16 fr.; horse 30 fr.). The Gemmi is far preferable to the Rawyl as a route to the Valais. To (251/2 M.) Zweisimmen, see pp. 202, 203. The Lenk road crosses the Simme near Gwatt^ and ascends the Upper Simmen- Thai by Bettelried, passing Schloss Blankenburg on the right (p. 203), to the prettily situated (3 M.) St. Stephan (3297'; Adler); then to Grodei, Matten (Inn), at the mouth of the Fermel-Thal(j^. 202), and (5 M.) — 331/2 M. Lenk (3527'; *Hirsch, pens. 5 fr. ; *Kron€, R. & A. 21/2, B. 1 fr. 20 c, pens. 6 fr.; *Stern, pens. 5 fr. ; Kreuz), a village 200 ///. Route 56. WILDSTRUBEL. From Thun rebuilt since a fire in 1878, situated in a flat and somewhat marshy part of the valley of the Simme. About 1/2 M. to the S.W. (path in 9 min.), lies the *Curanstalt Lenk (3624'; R., L., & A. from 2^9, pens. 2^/2 fr.), with well fitted-up sulphur-baths and grounds. The WildstrubelXiO,Q70'), with its huge precipices and glaciers, whence several streams descend, forms a grand termination to the valley, ExcDEsiONS. (Guides, Chr. and Joh. Jac. Jaggi; Gottlieb Ludi.) The Simme rises, 4 M. to the S. of Lenk, in the so-called Siebenbrunnen^ to which an interesting walk may be taken (4 hrs. there and back). Road (passing on the left the Burgfluh, an isolated nummulite rock with a 'glacier miir, and view of the wildhorn) by Obeiried (Inn) to (IV4 hr.) Stalden (4232'), at the foot of the falls of the Simme. A path now ascends in front of the saw-mill , between alders , describing a curve on the right bank of the stream, and skirting a deep gorge with fine waterfalls. It passes two cha- lets, traverses pastures, and crosses the brook to (3/4 hr.) the chalets of the Rfizliberg (4583'; Fridig's Inn, small). To the S., the '■Seven Fountains'' (4744'), now united into a single stream, issue from the perpendicular rocks. Farther on, to the left, is the Upper Fall of the Simme. which is conspicuous from a long distance. To the right rise the Gletscherhorn (9672') and Laufbodenhorn (8878'), to the left the Ammertenhorn (8740'). The Oberlaubhorn (6570'), rising to the W. of the Razliberg, is fre- quently ascended from Lenk either by Trogegg in 3V2hrs., or by Poschen- ried and the Rifzberg Alp (5710') in 4 hrs., with guide; back by the Razli- berg, Stalden, and Oberried. — The *Miilkerblatt (6355') is well worth ascending for the fine view of the Wildstrubel, etc. (21/2 hrs.). Beyond the Curhaus we ascend on the left bank of the Krummbach, (10 min.) cross it, traverse pastures and wood, passing several chalets, and mount the Beitelberg to the top. The Iffigensee (6826'), 81/2-4 hrs., is also worth seeing. By the (2 hrs.) Iffigen Inn (see below) we turn to the right to the (1/2 hr.) Stieren-Iffigenalp (5512'; refreshmts.). The path, steep and stony at places, then ascends to the (1 hr.) saddle which bounds the lake, and leads round its bank to the right (where edelweiss abounds) to the (1/4 hr.) humble chalet at the W. end. — At the base of the Niesenhorn (9113'), ^4 ^^- bigher up, is the Wildhorn Club-Hut (about 7880'), from which the Wildhorn (10,705') is ascended in 21/2-3 hrs. (laborious and fit for experts only, guide from Lenk 25, porter 18 fr.). The route ascends the moraine of the Dungel Olacier, and the steep and toilsome E. slope of the Kirchli (9157') to the top of the glacier, whence a gentle incline leads to the summit. Splendid view of the Jura, the Todi, Mte. Leone, Mte. Rosa. Mt. Blanc. Mte. Viso, and particularly of the Plaine Morte on the Wildstrubel, and of the Diablerets. Descent, if preferred, to the S., by the Glacier du Brozet, to the Hdtel Sanetsch at Zanfleuron (2V2-3 hrs. ; see p. 250). The -Rohrbachstein (9690'; 61/2 hrs., guide 15 fr.) is a capital point of view, free from difficulty. From the (4 hrs.) Rawvl Pass (p. 201) we turn to the left and mount to the (IV2 hr.) saddle between the Rohr- bachstein and the Wetzsteinhorn, and to the summit in 1 hr. more. Fossils are found here. The Wildstrubel (W. peak 10,666'; central peak 10,656'; E. peak or Gross- Strubel, 10,670') is best ascended from the Rawyl Pass. From the Iffigen Inn, where the night is spent, to the Rawyl 2 hrs.: we then ascend to the left to the snow-arete between the Weisshorn and the Rohrbach- stein (21/2 hrs.), cross the Glacier de la Plaine Morfe, and mount the slopes of a snow-arete to the W, summit in 21/2 hrs., and the central peak in 1/2 hr. more (from Iffigen 71/2 hrs. in all). Guide from Lenk 27, down to the Gemmi 30 fr. — From the Razliberg (see above) a steep path as- cends the Fluhwdnde above the Siebenbrunnen to the (2 hrs.) Fluhseeli (6710'); thence over debris, moraine, and the Rdzli Glacier to the W. peak (4 hrs.). — A third route (toilsome) ascends steeply from the (2V2 hrs.) Ritzberg Alp (see above; bed of hay) past the Laufbodenhorn (8878'), via the to Sion. RAWYL. III. Route 56. 201 Thierherg and the Thierberg Glacier, and past the Gletscherhorn (9672') to the Rdzli Glacier and to the W. peak (8 hrs. from Ritzberg). Descent to the N.W. by the Ammerten Glacier^ difficult; to the E. over the crevassed Ldmmern Glacier to the Gemmi (p. 194); to the N.E. over i]xQ Strubelegg to the Engstlig-Alp and Adelboden (p. 197). From Lenk to Gsteig (7 hrs.) : over the Trilttlisberg (6713') to (41/2 hrs.) lauenen (p. 250) , and thence over the Krinnen (5463') to (21/2 hrs.) Gsteig (p. 250). Path bad at places (guide 12, horse 5 fr.), see R. 67. From Lenk to Saanen (p. 204), 6 hrs., path over the Reulissenberg or Zwitzer Egg (5636'), and dovsm the Turbach-Thal (guide 8 fr.). — To Adel- boden over the Hahnenmoos (guide 8, horse 15 fr.), see p. 197. Over the Ammerten Pass (8082'), to the S.E. of the Ammertengrat (8580'), interesting (7 hrs., with guide). The Rawyl Route (at first a carriage-road) gradually ascends on the W. side of the valley to (IV4 M.) the left bank of the If- figenbach. and the pleasant Poschenried-Thal. The road ends 2 M, farther on. By the (5 min.) Iffigen Fall (4483'), 400' high, the bridle-path ascends to the right. After 20 min. we turn, above the fall, into a wooded valley, through which the Iffigenbach dashes over its narrow rocky bed, and traverse a level dale (with the precipices of the Rawyl on the left) to the (1/2 hr.) Iffigen-Alp (5253'; rustic Inri). Here we turn sharply to the left (finger- post), ascend through a small wood on a stony slope , skirt the face of a cliff, cross (10 min.) a brook, and reach (50 min.) a stone hut on a height overlooking the Simmen-Thal. We skirt the "W. side of the small (2/4 hr.) Rawyl-See (7743') and reach (1/4 hr.) a cross (la Grande Croix) which marks the boundary of Bern and Yalais and the summit of the Eawyl (7943'; 41/4 hrs. from Lenk), with a refuge- hut. The pass consists of a desolate stony plateau (Plan des Roses), enclosed by lofty and partially snow -clad mountains: to the W. the long Mittaghorn (8842'); S.W., the Schneidehorn (9640') and the snow- clad Wildhorn (10,705'; p. 200); S., the btoad Rawylhorn (9540') and the Wetzsteinhorn (9114'); E., the Rohrbachstein {%20' ■, p. 200); N.E., the extremities of the glaciers of the Wemftorn (9882'). Beyond the pass the path is bad. It passes a second small lake, and (8/4 hr.) reaches the margin of the S. slope, which affords a limited, but striking view of the mountains of the Yalais. It descends a steep rocky slope (leaving the dirty chalets of Ar- millon, 6926', to the left), and (1/2 tr.) crosses a bridge in the valley (5970' ; a good spring here). Instead of descending to the left to the chalets of (}/4^r.) Nieder-Rawyl (Fr, Les Ravins, 5768'), we ascend slightly by a narrow path to the right, and skirt the hillside. Then (25 min.) a steep ascent, to avoid the Kdndle (see below); 20 min., a cross on the top of the hill (6330'), whence we again descend to (1/2 tr.) Praz Combeira (5344'), a group of huts ; and lastly a long, fatiguing descent by a rough, stony path, as- cending at places, to (1 1/2 lir.) Ayent (3400'; 3^/4 hrs. from the pass ; accommodation at the cure's, good wine, or at the merchant Mosoni's). 202 HI. BOUU57. WZISSENBURG. The footpath from Xieder-Rawyl to Ayent, shorter by 1 hr., leads by the al to (2 hrs.) Maiten (p. 199). 10 31. Erlenbach ('23'20'; *Krcnt. *Loice. both unpretending). with well-built wooden houses. The Stoekhora ifTiPo') is sometimes ascended hence by experts in 41 2 hrs. ; better from r-.un. by Amsc'lcingen and Cber-S^'.W.. lies the favouriT^ "WeissenbuTg- Bad (2770': a drive of 20 min., for which 4 fr. are demanded). ZWEISIMMEN. ///. Route 57. '203 The mineral water, impregnated with sulphate of lime (70*^; at its source Sl^) and heneticial for bronchial atYections, is used ex- clusively for drinking. The yeue Bad. situated in a sheltered basin, consists of two large houses (^reading and billiard rooms : post and telegraph office; board 8, R. '2i 2-5. I^- 3i o. warm bath li o fr.); the Alte Bad. buried in the ra\lue i/o M. higher up. is inferior (pension 5-7 fr.l. The baths, with the extensive pine-forests round them, belong to Messrs. Mauser. Fkom Weissesbcrg to the Gurnigklbad (6 hrs.)- Attractive path through the Klus. passing the Morgefenba^h FaU. 'XO' high, and the ilor- geteti-Alp to the (SVihrs.) Burglen-Satlel (.6434'); then down (passing Bad Schtre.felberg. 1» 4 M. to the left) to the Gantrisi Pass (5017"), with a charm- jng view, and over the Obere Gurnigel to the (1' 4 hr.) Gumi^elbad (p. 153). 20^ 2^-Boltigen(^'27'26'; *H6t. Imobersteg.Bar, both moderate), a thriving village with handsome houses, is reached beyond the Simmentiig. ox Enge . a defile formed by two rocks between which the road passes. Above the village rise the two peaks of the Mittag- fiuh 1^6198'^. To the left peep the snow-fields to the E. of the Rawyl (^p. '2011 The coal-mines in a side-valley near Reidei^bach ('2756'; 3/4 M. from Eoltigenl account for the sign of the inn (^a miner). From Rkiden'bach to Bullk . "24 M. A little above Reidenbach the road diverges to the right and ascends in numerous windings (which footpaths cut oftl to the" (.6 M.) pass of the Bruchberg (4940')/ It then descends gradually (preferable to the bad footpath) \o (3 M.) Jaun , Fr. BcUegarde (.3336'; E6t. de la Cascade, poor), a pretty village with a waterfall S6' high. (Path to the Schtr a rs see-Bad by Xevichels. 3 hrs.. see below.) [A cart-track to the S. ascends on the left bank of the .launbach to (P 2 hr.) AblanU