'uuaiivjju' jjujiiv iur' ■■'MajAi^ 1 j\N> ^1 I - ^T,)| sVtJtr;! =• Ifj/ ^jSUIBRARYQc. ^^VllBRARYQr, ^ ^^ -I iLirri fuivi i>-s5Ci i >J0^' =13 S « R R ^^ 5 (i •'•auiiivji, ■ Jjii'jNViov"'-' '-vm\ifi;imv -''aujiivjjo^ ■■'■iv 5| .jvaaiiiH^' ^J^i^DNvsoi^ '■^'/'iaMiNAJVVV' ''>'OAav«ani'^^ "^^oa o ifti ill IIRRACN'/i, .af-IIRP.\nVYi^ ^^1 ,^ '%. .r.MICnD. 5 ^V ,-j,OF-CAllFOo.. ^vif I .iivfor,. v,lO>, ^. '■'*dOdHV3JO>''^ '^J PiJyi i:^. ^OFCAli ^^\^EUNI' ^OFCAJJ ' ^5 i^t I Mil ^ ^. :. -. .^-^Hmo!?A', ^^Mfl'^'lVER^/A svAOSWiifr o >- ?s = -< •5> ?i . o ^ ^.- >■ /^rjmuw.cm:^ T!^/c«-iAiun laV^ M9. "^riijoNYsm^ "^/iaaMNfiiwv* 3t -5- ^^i'OdllVJ-jO''^ ■^J^ilJShYSOV"*'"- ''•<7ia3AINil-3^'- vJ-JO' ,?4^ ^^OfCALIEO% .^irtEUNIVER% ^OfCAllF0% ^OfCAllfO% ^6'Aavaaiii'^'^ U 1^ OfCAIlFn^ ^\)AEUNIVER% ^v>;lOS ANCElfj^ ^.OFCALIF0%^ ,j,.OfCALIF0%, ^^^ .of-c # ^ N^ %i30Nvsoi^ ^/ia3AiN(i3WV^' '^6lAavaa^■l'^^ "^OAavaaii^ '^ ■? w- ^ ^ ■"^JUJiiv :iui . ■iJJM.l.l 311 y ^WEUNIVERS/A ,.....,..,. i. ;$ r. o 5^ .-w^^ 1 ^ ^ 1 £ 1 =s 95 33 _- ' o -< -n -^ '■'JUJin'Mjr~* ^ J r?l \VllRRARY(9r^ ^ysMIRRARYr 1 - 'Ci^ >- 55 t- = V-T '^. ? TO THE N G SIR, H E Employment I have the Happinefs to enjoy in Your Ma- jefhy's Maritime Service, and the Subjed of the following Sheets, have emboldened me, with the utmoft Humility, to lay my felf and them at Your Royal Feet. A They Dedication. They contain, Sir, An Account of Remark- Me Tranfa8ions at Sea from the firfi Ages to the prefent Times ; and as Your Majefty's Kingdom of Great Britain muft necelTarily make the moft confiderable Figure therein, fo do its Naval Adions, thofe efpecially fmce the happy Revolution, furnilh out great part of the enfuing Hiftory, and, in this refpe^l, by much the more valuable, in that it exhi- bits to Your Royal View the gallant Behavi- our of great Numbers of Your Majefty's Sub- jed:s, yet living, who, in fighting for the Pre- fervation of Religion, Laws, and Liberty, have given a glorious Earneft how ready they will always be to expofe their Lives in Defence of Your Sacred Perfon and Dignity. As this Your Kingdom, Sir, hath in all Times been remarkable for its Naval Power, fo is that Power fo much augmented fince the beginning of the Reign of Your Majefty's Royal Predeceflbr, and Great-Grandfather , King James the Firft, that it hath not been equalled in any Age or Nation. For if we look back to the moft flourifliing Maritime Potentates of old, as Tyre, Athens-, Carthage, or even Rome itfelf, Avhen m her moft flourifliing State, we fhall find them fall fo very fhort of Your Majefty's Naval Strength, as not to admit of any Comparifon ; and a- mong the Moderns, which of them is there that it doth not greatly exceed ? So Dedication. So vaft indeed is that Part of Your Maje- fly's Power, that were it podible for you, t>n\ to be influenced by other Principles than thofe of the mofl: confummate Juflice, and of being actuated by the lawlefs Defireof Univerfal Sway, inllead of a generous Love of Liberty, and a noble Ambition of Patronifinq: it throu^-hout the World, and Britain fliouJd, under Your Majifty's Influence, launch forth her utmoft Strength on the Seas, what Alliances could be entered into, what Confederacies formed, fuf- ficient to withftand fo mighty a Force ? But You, Sir, ferenely content with thofe Do- minions which Heaven, and the Confent of willing Nations have called you to Rule, far from, di flu rbing Europe with fuch Purfuits, are only watchful for its Repofe, and employ that awful Strength you are poflTtfl^ed of to no other purpofe, than to preferve fuch a Bal lance among its Princes as is abfolutely neccflfary to its Peace, and reduce to Reafon thofe who, by their bound lefs Ambition, would involve it in War and Defolation : So that, in Your Ma- jefliy's Hands, this Power refembles that which is invefl:ed in a miniftring Angel over the Ele- ments, who doth not make ufe of it to lay wafl:e the World, and defl:roy Mankind at pleafure, but to procure the Good of the Whole, by the Punifliment of particular Nations that are guilty; which yet he forbears to infli61:, unlefs repeated Provocations force him, unwillingly, thereunto. A 2 And Dedication. And as Your Majefty doth thus pioufly en- deavour to eftabiifli a lalling Tranquillity a- mong others, fo is Your Tendernefs towards Your own Subjects without Example ; info- much that it hath been abundantly extended even to thofe who, regardlefs of their Duty to God. and You their rightful Sovereign, were unhappily wrought upon to appear openly in Arms againft Your Royal Perfon and Go- vernment. Long may Your Majefty prefide, in this Your high Station, over the Interefts of Eu- rope, and when late, very late, You Ihall ceafe to labour here on Earth, not only for the Happinefs of the People of thefe Y'^our King- doms, but the Univerfal Good of Mankind, and afcend to the Poffeflion of an Immortal Cro"m, may that You leave behind flourifh for ever on the Heads of Your Illuftrious Off- fpring. Which is the ardent Prayer of, May it pleafe Tour Majefly^ Tour Majefifs mojl Dutiful^ and moji Obedient SuhjeH and Servant^ J. Burchett. PREFACE « f|LTHOUGH I might very reafonably have beeil cxcufed from the trouble of any part of the follow- ing Work, fincc the publick Station I am honoured with hath called for the much greater part of my Time, yet when I confidered that the Tranfac^iions of our Nation on the Seas, during the two long and expenfive Wars with France^ were Matters very worthy as well to be more univerfally known to the prefent Age, as to be communica- Reafom jof ted to Polteriiy, and thati was furni/lied with Materials for fuchan >'»'iertaki»g Undertaking which could not be in the Polfcllion of any other '^^ '^'"*' Perfon, I have impofed on my felf that Task, and, in the Per- formance thereof, borrowed many of thofe Hours which were no more than necclfary for the Prefervation of my Health. What happened remarkable at Sea between us and the French during the firlt of the aforemention'd Wars, I publiflied fome Years fmce ; but upon reviewing the fame, when I fet about writing an Account of the laii: War, I thought it might not be impro- per to put them together ; and though the material Circum- llances of the former, as being Matters of Fad, vary but very little from what hath been already written thereof, yet is it now put into fuch a Drefs, and fuch Amendments have been made therein, as, it is to be hoped, may render it much more agree- able to the Reader. When I had complcated thcfe two Parts, which compofe the Fourth and Fifth Books of the enfuing Hiitory, I began to reflcdt that, among the numerous Subjcds which have been treated in » the Pr E F A C E. the En^iiflo Tongue, (wherein fcarcc any in any part of Learn- ing hath been left untouched) no one hath hitherto undertaken to colleft fomewhat of a Naval Hijiory, or general Account of Wars on the Sea ; whereof both ancient and modern Times have been fo produftive, that I know not any Subjed: which allbrds more ample Circumllances. And this I the rather admired at, for that, about fourfcore Years fince, there were publilhcd in Latin two fuch Hillories as I have mentioned, the one written by our Countryman Dr. Ryves^ Advocate to King Lharles the Firlt, and the other by Morifotus^ a French Lawyer, which, how- ever, have efcaped the Diligence of our Tranllators, who very often fearch into all Languages for Matters not altogether fo wor- thy their Trouble as thefe would have been. But fmce no fuch Account hath ever appeared in our Tongue, I judged it w ould be a Subject not unacceptable, fliould I fet my felf about a Work of that Nature, and deduce a Narrative of the molt remarkable Naval Wars, and Maritime Tranfadtions, which have happened from the firft Ufe of Shipping to the time of the Revolution, where the Account I had already written begun ; and accord- ingly I have endeavoured to perform it in the three firlt Books of the following Work. ' The firlt of the before-mentioned Authors publillied what he had written in feveral Parts, and at different Times, but I do not find he carried it farther than the Year y6o, when King Edgar reigned in England. The other, indeed, brought it down to his own Time, 'viz. the Year 1642. Thefe two learned Men having gone before me on this Sub- jeft, it would have been Prefumption not to have made ufe of their Labours ; fo that whercfoever it was found necefTary, or for the Advantage of the Reader, a liberty hath been taken of following them, yet not fo clofely, but that, upon confulting tho- roughly the Originals from whence they drew their Materials, many Miitakes have been reftified which their Inadvertency had led them into, efpecially that of \.\\e French Gentleman, notwith- ftanding his J'ubliiher allures us that the Work had palled the Revifion of two great Criticks, appointed by Cardinal Richelieu^ befides that of feveral other learned Men. They have both of them, but chiefly Morifotm^ been guilty, in fome places, of handling too lightly Matters of Importance, and in dwelling too long on things of lefs Note, which Errors I have endeavoured to avoid, efpecially the former. Thofe things I have been the molt particular in (but without fear of the lall mentioned Imputation) are, among the Ancients, jiuihon, 4- the Naval Events of the Telopounejian War, from Thucjdides ; """s ^' '■■"''> the Siege of Tyre by Alexander the Great, from Curt ins and Ar- Zen coVrlit- ^'^'^"^ > the Battel, oft" of Cypus., between 'Demetrws and 'Pto- td. ' lemyy with the former's War on the Rhodians, from 'T>'tc dor us Si- culm ; the Sea-Fight between the Romans and Carthaginians^ in the firft ?////;> War, o?l ofHeraclea Minoa, (which I dteem the moft accurate Relation, of that kind, extant in all Antiquity) from i* R E F A C E. from 'Polybais \ dcfar's Expedition to Bntahi, from his own Commentaries ; and the Battel of AEiutir.^ from 2)/.'?/7. CaJJlus. And, among the iVloderns, the Battel of Llpanto^ from Contra- r'ln't and Grmian': ; the great Exploits on the Scheld bctv^'een the Duke oi.Tanna and the People oi Ant-jjerp^ from Fam'tan Stracla ; the Spanijb Invafion from Mr. Caryibden ; and the Duke of Buckingham's Expedition to the Hie of Rbe^ from a Manu- fcript Journal, which, fmce the Lofs of a very curious one I had in my PoirelFion, was, on my publifliing an Advertifement con- cerning the fame, kindly communicated to me by a Reverend Divine of Cambridge. Moll of which Affairs, belides very many others, have been either fuperhcially run over, or elfe left entire- ly untouched, by Dr. Ryves and Morijotm. The before-mentioned Authors are thofe to whom the mod Obligations have been owing; but as the handling io general a Subject mult unavoidably have requir'd the making ufe of many more, belides other necelfary Affiltances, I might here prefent the Reader with a long Catalogue of them, and have filled my Mar- gin with Quotations, which, in my opinion, tend more to Olten- tation, than any real good purpofe ; not but that in fome par- ticular Cafes their Names are mentioned in the Narration. I Ihall therefore only acquaint you, that, in the firll three Books, the fame liberty as before-mentioned hath been taken with the reft of the Authors there hath been occafion to confult, nay often their very Words have been followed ; and where any of the An- cients have been well turned into our own Tongue, as particu- larly Tolybius and Jnftiii, feeing it could not be pretended to fet them in a better Light than the ingenious Gentlemen who laft tranflated them have done, their Verfion hath , in a great meafure, been obferved. As moll Princes, and States, whofe Dominions have bordered on the Sea, did, more or lefs, even in early Ages, furnilli them- felves with Shipping, as well for the Defence of their Coalls and Tralhck, as to extend their Conquells ; lb have they, from time of rkcts in. to time, augmented their Naval Force, in proportion to what anccnt Times they found others do who were nearelt Neighbours to them. Thus Rome, when Ihe was much annoyed by the Carthaginians^ deemed it abfolutely necellary to prepare a floating Power to re- pel them, between whom many bloody Battels were fought, as had been before, \^'hen the Athenians and Lacedamonians con- tended, and llnce between other States and Potentates. The Tyrants of Sicily have been famous for their Fleets, but more efpecially thofe of Syracufc. There were often Naval Bat- tels between the Republicks oi Venice, Genoa, Ti/a, and others, but more efpecially the former and the Turks. The Saracens with their Fleets encountered theChriltians when they attempted to recover the Holy llland ; and the Governments of A/gier, Tu- nis, and Tripoli have for a long time had their Ships of War ; nay even the Emperor of Morocco wanteth not his Rovers, which frequently have molelled the Trading Subjec^ts of other Princes. As Preface. As the Kings of England thought it neccirary, from time to time, to encreafe their Maritime Strength, the French^ and the States-General of the United Provinces have augmented theirs, efpecialiy in latter Days ; but of thofe Princes, or Governments, who have been molt formidable at Sea, from the rcmoieit Times of Navigation, I Ihall be as particular as poiliblc in the enfuing Hiilory, and will therefore confine my ielf in this Preface to what doth more immediately relate to the Royal Navy of Great Br it am. On 'jjhatstr- Various have the Services been which neceflarily required the -Mes the ships ufg of our Fiects, and Squadrons, but more efpecialiy in Times !4'^ySf -of fo great Adion as the two lall Wars. Many of our Royal leen tmpio-jcd Ships havc bccu employed in the Mediterranean Sea, not only to inthei'Moiafl ^^qiq£[ thc Sfanifl) Monarchy from the Attempts of the French., but afterwards to alliit in ellablilhing his prefent Imperial Maje- fly on the Throne of that Kingdom, when Great Britain., toge- ther with her Allies, maintained, at an incredible Expence, as well of Treafure as Blood, a long War "not only with X.\vq French King, but with that part of Sj^ain alfo which adhered to the In- terelt of his Grandfon Thilij^, who is now in PolFeilion of the Crown. While great part of our WarUke Ships were thus ranging a- bout the Mediterranean, no fmall Numbers have been employed in the BritiJI? Chanel, as well as'on the Coalls cS. America., Por- tugal, and other foreign Parts : Befides which, others were, at the fame time, made ufe of in convoying our Trade to Turky, Ne'ivfotindlandy RuJJia, the Baltick Sea, and to our remote Go- vernments and Plantations, infomuch that the Ships of War of Great Britain have been conllantly traverilng not only our own, but almolt all the other known Seas, fo that the Number of Of- ficers, and Men eftablilhed on them, have iometimes amounted ■ihtiyfiT.cccf^^ Fifty Thoufand, the Expence whereof (luppohng them to be the Fleet uf contiuucd iu Service thirteen Lunary Months) for Wages, and M^/f^/litr ^'i'^^u^'s, together with the Wear and Tear of the Ships, the for- mer and latter being commonly cllimatcd at thirty Shillings a Man a Month each, and the other at twenty, amounts to two Millions, fix hundred thoufand Pounds ; not but that, as Cir- cumilances of Aflairs would admit thereof, divers of the Ships have from time to time been paid oft, and laid up in the feveral Harbours, for eafing, as much as might be, this very great Charge. And, befides what may be abiolutcly neceflary for the jhe necejjfiiy many Other prefling Affairs of the State, if fufricient Sums of Mo- of Supplies cj j^gy could be hereafter provided, for the timely paying off the otf"hip's° for OiWccrs and Men offuch Ships whofe immediate Service may eafwgthepui- be difpcnfcd with, or whofe Conditions are fuch as to require t:ck charge, confidcrable Repairs before they can be longer employed , the Expence of the Government would in that Particular be very much leffened. Although this Nation hath been, even in remote Times, fa- mous for its Strength at Sea, were it to be compared v^ith that of p R E F A C E. of other Princes and States ; yet could we look back, and view ihofc Shipping which were heretofore made ufe of in our Mari- time Wars, what a valt Difproportion would there appear be- tween them and thofe which compofed our Royal Navies two Centuries palt, (I mean not as to the Number of the Ships and Veffels, but their Magnitude) and much more fo, were they to be compared with our prefent floating Caltles ? King Ed-Ji'ard the Third, when he croffed the Seas in order to lay fiege to Calais, had indeed a very great Number of Ships, but moll of them w ere furnifhed by the Sea- Port Towns of the C''»?irifon of Kingdom, and fome from Spain, Ireland, Flanders, and other T ^'^(?^ Parts. thofe of for- The whole Number, as it appears by a Record in the famous '""' ''""'' Cottonian Library, amounted to feven hundred thirty eight, and the Mariners on board them to fourteen thoufand nine hundred fifty fix, each of whom were allowed after the Rate of ^d per 'Diem ; but of thefe there were no more than twenty five Ships of the King's own, carrying about four hundred and nineteen Seamen, which, at a Medium, was not above feventeen to each ; and throughout the whole, taking one with another, there were not many that had above twenty fix Men ; not but that thofe which were furniflied by the Maritime Ports were larger than the King's own Ships, efpecially thofe of London, Sandwich, Dover, Dartmouth, ^limouth, Brijiol, Southampton, Newcaftle, Lynn, Tarmouth, Harwich, Ipfwich, and Colchejter. But befides the Mariners, there were tranfported in this Fleet the Land-Forces which his Majefly had occafion to take with him for carrying on the aforefaid Siege of Calais. From this it may be gathered what the Maritime Power of this Nation was in thofe Times ; for even then, before, and af- terwards, the greateit part thereof was compofed of Merchant- Ships furniflied by the Sea-Ports ; yet the Strength we could in thofe Days launch on the Salt Water was much fuperior to that of our Neighbours. But when our Princes, in After-Aages, turn- ed their Thoughts towards providing, and eflablifhing a Royal Navy, the fame hath, by degrees, not only been much encreafed in Number, but in the Magnitude of the Ships alfo ; but more efpecially in the Reign of King Charles the Second ; and in like manner the trading part of the Nation did from time to time very much encreafe the Dimenfions of their Shipping, infomuch that in the firfl of the aforemention'd Wars with France, fevcral of them were taken into the Publick Service, fome of which were capable of carrying 70, 60, and 5-0 Guns. And that the Reader may be informed to what a prodigious Bulk the Navy of Great Britain is at this time fwelled, I have underneath infcrted the Number of Ships of which it is compofed , with the Guns gftabliflied on each of them, wherein there is not any regard had to Firelhips, Bomb-Veflels, Storelhips, Sloops, Yachts, Hoys, or other fmaller Embarcations, which amount to no lefs than fifty. a The Preface. The Strength of the Royal Navy. Guns N°. Of — - loo of the Royal 9° *^ / Sb1.„. 70 m :t>^^^ of the Line of Battel. 47 y 60 40 — 23 30 — 9 What our Ka- vy IS73 i8z Which i8i Ships will require 9940 Guns, exclufive of thofe ne- ceilary for others of lefs Dimenfions. Thus hath the Navy of Great Britain encreafed, and that ve- ry confiderably too, fince the Year 1573, at which time it flood thus, viz. Guns. N°. Of 100 I "? 5-9 of the ' of Battel, as 117, T From 88 to 60 — 9 S they might :koned in thofe I- From /8 to 40 — 49 ^Days. From 38 to lo — 58 From i8 to 6 — 29 146 Moll of the Ships of our prefcnt Royal Navy, efpccialiy thofe of the larger Rates, being, in time of Peace, laid up at the feve- ral Ports, the greatell part of them at Chatham and 'Tortfmouth, Great care ^^d othcrs at "Ucptford, Woolwich^ Sheertiefs, and Tlimotith, it ought to be is of the utmolt Importance that all poflible care fliould be taken 'ships whiUm f°^ ^^^^^ Safety in all Particulars, but more efpecially that the Harbour. Places where they are thus harboured, and principally the River Medway, and Tortjmomh, Ihould be always kept in luch Condi- tion of Defence as that they may be fecure from any Attempts of an Enemy. And fmce thefc our floating P>uhvarks are, like other Machines, fubjeft to decay, how abfolutcly neceflary is it that the utmofl care fliould be taken in the keeping their Hulls in a conllant good Condition ? The like regard fliould alfo be had to the Pre- care ought to fcrvation and W ell-hubbanding not only that ulcful Timber which be taken ,n the Natiou uovv artbrdeth (elpccially that of Compafs and Knee) Timber'.'^ for building Ships, but in having conllant Nurlcries thereof, to- ward fupplving what may from time to time be expended. Nor *' is r R E F A C E. is it of lefs Importance that grcateflcareiliould be taken of the pub- lick Woods abroad, but more efpecially of thofe large and valu- able Trees in and about Ncju England, moil proper for Mailing Ships of the grcatcfl Magnitude. Having thus informed you of the Strength of our Ro^'al Navyj it may not be improper to add thereunto the following Account of the Charge of building a Ship of each Rate, and furnilliing her ^vith Malts, Yards, Sails, and Rigging, together with a Propor- tion of eight Months Boatfwain's and Carpenter's Sea-Stores, as near as the fame can be eftimated, viz. Guns. /. For a Ship of — loo SS553 . rhecharge of 90 — 298^(5 iuilding a 80 23638 ?j/-^ 70 17785- 60 ■ 5^4197 fo — — 10606 40 7SS^ 30 . 5-846 20 3710 Thus, according to the Number of Ships we have of the afore- faid Rates, the Charge of Building, Rigging, and furnifliing theili with Stores, as aforefaid, amounts to 1511975-/. befides which, there is the Expence of their Ordnance, and Gunner's Stores. And here it may be obferved, that fuppofing forty thoufand Men, Officers included, are employed at Sea one whole Year, or thirteen Lunary Months, the Charge thereof, accounting each of them one with another, at 4/. a Month, (which is for wages, V'i6luals, and the Wear and Tear of the Ships) is not above 431975/. lefs than what may be fuliicient to build and rig as ma- ny Ships as Great Britain now hath, from the P'irft to the Sixth Rate, inclufive, and to furnifh them with Boatfwain's and Car- penter's Stores ; nor have I herein accounted for the Charge of Tenders, and other incident Expences towards the manning a Fleet. Befides which there is the ordinary Expence of the Navy, in jhe ordinary which is included the Salaries and Contingencies of all the Naval nxpenceofthe Officers on Ihorc ; the Charge of the Officers and Workmen ^'*'"'^- employed in the Dock- Yards, and Rope- Yards ; Moorings, and ordinary Repairs of the Ships while lying up in Harbour , with the Wages and \'iduals of the Warrant-Officers and their Ser- vants, and of the Men born on Ships of the largefl Dimenfions, together with Penfions to thofe Officers who are fuperannuated, and Half-Pays to others while unemployed, the Charge whereof is more or lefs, according to the Number of Men made ufe of at Sea ; for as in time of great Aflioii the ordinary Ellimate of the Navy feldom amounts to more than 175000/ per Annum ■> fo in Peace, fuppofing tliere are not above ten thoufand Men in Pay, ax it p R E F A C E. it comes to near xz^oool. for when fewelt Ships are employed, the ordinary Expence of thofe lying up in Haroour doth confe- quently encreafe proportionably, both as to the Wages and \'ic- tuals of theWarrant-OlHcers and Men born on them for their Security, their Moorings, neceflary Repairs, and other Parti- culars. But over and above the Charge of the Ordinary of the Navy, there are other expenfive \\ orks neceffarily to be performed, which are more properly termed the extraordinary Repairs there- Theextraor- 0^5 ^"d thofe arc the rebuilding of Ships, and giving a good dinary Repairs Repair to othcrs lying up in Harbour ; the building of Houfes of thi Navy, jj^ jj^g Yards for the Reception of Stores , when others are de- cayed , or fliall not be found capable of containing them , and the repairing of Store-houfes, Docks, Wharfs, Officers Houfes, and fevcral other Particulars, as well in the Dock-Yards as Rope- Yards, and the like extraordinary Expences as to the Office of Vidualling His Majelly's Navy, both in Town, and at the feve- ral Ports. Let us, in the next Place, confider how this our Royal Navy may be rendered moil: ufeful to the Nation, for if every Circum- ftance be not timely, and etfedually provided for, fo as that the Ships, or a fufficient Number of them, at leafl, may be always in a Readinefs, upon any preffing occalion, the publick Service muft inevitably fufFer. The Maga- In the firlt Place, therefore, it is abfolutely necelTary that the 2.ines ought to Naval Magazines fliould be conltantly kept well repleniflied with be r,fien,ii,ed. timber. Plank, Cordage, Hemp, Tar, and all other Things pro- per for equipping forth a Royal Fleer, at lead with fuch Species as are not the moil liable to decay. Cart ought to It is likewifc no lefs neceflary that the Mafter-Builders at the ^'; '^'-^" '"'^'' Dock- Yards, and thofe Officers employed under them, fliould ships. ""^ carefully, and confcientiouily apply themfelves towards the well fitting His Majelly's Ships, when there fliall be occalion for their Service, as well as in the giving them proper Airings and Repairs while they lie at their Moorings in Harbour ; nor ought they to be lefs careful when any Ships return into Port, in order to their being refitted ; for it is demonflrable that, where the fame is well performed, fuch Ship will be capable of doing the Go- vernment twice as much Service as another pofTibly can, which is hurried out of Port without being thoroughly fearched into, fmce, m fuch cafe, flie muit neceffarily come Iboner in, and will, doubtlefs, require much more time, as well as Expence, to put her into a good Condition, than it might have done, had her chief Ailments been at firfl remedied. I fay it highly behoves the Mafter Shipwrights, and the pro- per Officers under them, to be very circumfped in thefe Parti- culars ; and though it mult be owned that in times of great Ac- tion, when the Preflingnefs of the Service requires the utmoft Difpatch in the putting Shins into the Sea, there cannot be fo much time allowed as may be neceffary for making a thorough * Search Pr E F A C E. Search inio the Defeats of thofe which are fitting our, or otliers coming into Pore to be refitted, yet as, in the lirll Cale, al] pof- lible care fliould be taken to infped into, and repair their chief Aihnents while they He in Harbour, (I mean fuch as, if not time- ly taken in hand, may foon render them in a worfe Condition) (o, in the latter, the Commanders of His Majelty's Ships and the lubordinate OHricers, but more efpecially the Mafter Carpen- ters, ought carefully to inform themlclves of the Complaints they make while at Sea, that fo they may be able to acquaint the Ma^ Iter Shipwrights of the fame, and they to apply proper Reme- dies ; for, without thefe Precautions, a Ship may be fent out a- gain with fome flight Works done unto her, without difcover- ing the principal Defeds flic complains of, and thereby be con- Itrained, to the no fmall Difappointment of the Service, to re- turn into Port, even in a worfe Condition than when flie depart- ed from it, as hath been before obferved. It is no lefs incumbent on the Officers of the Dock-Yards, as well as thofe of the Rope- Yards, to fee that the feveral Species of Stores, delivered into His Majeity's Magazines be , in all re- can ought to fpefts, anfvverable to the Contracts made with the principal Offi- ^JfJl'^rfi^' cers and Commiflioners of the Navy, whether the fame be Can- till "'Ire'l vas. Hemp, Tar, Cordage, Timber, Plank, or any other Species, and that the Rigging, Anchors, Cables, and all other Materials be well wrought up ; for as the faid Commiflioners of the Na- vy, nay even the Surveyor himfelf, cannot perfonally infpeft in- to all things neceilary to be done to the Hulls of the Ships, fo are they much Icfs able to view the various forts of Stores deli- vered into the i'cveral Yards, or to fee that they are well hus- banded ; wherefore as this Trufl doth more immediately lie in the Officers of the Yards, fo ought they themfelves, and not by their hiltrumcnts, if it can by any means be avoided, to look carefully thereinto, and rather to have a greater regard to the Good of the Publick, than if they were tranfadting Affairs for the Advantage of their own Families. Nor ought there to be lefs Caution ufed by the proper Offi- convenmi cers of the Yards in the converting of, and applying the refpec- ^'w^f.&c.M tive Species of Stores to their neceflary Ufes, but more efpeci- ^"^''^ ^^"' ally Timber and Plank ; for if Care and Judgment go hand in hand therein, unneccliary Walte may be prevented, and thereby great Sums of Money favcd. Having faid thus much relating to the Navy itfelf, let us, in Touching the the next i^lace, confider the Circumitances of the Seafaring Men scajarmgPeo- of Great Britain ; a Race of People, who, as they are the moft ^rita^m "^^^"^ valuable becaufe the I'leets wherein they ferve are our chief De- fence, fo, confequenily, the greatert care ought to be taken to treat them in fuch manner as that it may encourage their En- creafc, aud leave them as little room as poflible for Complaints of Hardihips. I do heartily wilh that fome fuch Methods could be come at as might efficdually contribute hereunto ; for as they are a Body of R E F A C E. jibufes cf Landladies and Ticket- buyers. The Inconve- nienciesoflm- prejftng Sea- men. Regiftring of Seafaring Men. of brave People, fubjeti-ted to greatclt Dangers, not only from an Enemy, but on many other Accounts, fo may they with good Ufage be eafily wrought upon, and induced, with uncommon Chearfulnefs, to look Death in the Face on all occafions; where- fore Hnce they are fo intrinfically valuable in themfelyes, all that is poiTible iliould be done towards rendering the Publick Service eau' to them. If fome other Method , I fay, could be found out to bring them into the Service of the Crown, when there fhall be occa- fion, than that which hath for many Years been praftifed, of forcing great Numbers thereinto, as it would, doubtlefs, be much more agreeable, fo might it induce Numbers of young Peo- ple to betake themfelves to a Seafaring Life, who now rather fhew a total Diflike thereunto ; but until fuch Methods can be luckily come at, either by a general Regiftry, which, befides the Encouragements, fhould carry with it fome Penalties alfo, (for a voluntary one it hath been experienced will not anfwer the pur- pofe) or fome other way lefs grievous than Prefling, it may not be altogether improper to admonifli Gentlemen who fhall be hereafter employed in raifing Men for the Fleet, to caufe them to be treated with all pofTible Tendernefs and Humanity, that fo they may be induced with the greater Chearfulnefs to expofe their Lives in the Service of their Prince, and Country, when they fhall be brought to face an Enemy. It mull be acknowledged that no Seafaring People whatever have the like Advantages with thofe of Great Britain, more e- fpecially as to their Pay, and Provifions ; and if fome fuch Re- gulations could be made as might prevent their being impofed upon by their Landladies, as they themfelves term them, and o- thers who concern themfelves in purchafing their Tickets at a molt unreafonable Difcount, the Service of the Crown might be yet much more comfortable to them and their Families. The prefent Method of imprefling Men for the Royal Navy, is not only attended with great Inconveniences to the Men them- felves, but it alfo caufes no fmall Interruption to Trade ; for ve- ry often when there hath been occafion for confiderable Num- bers of Men to ferve in the Fleet, it hath been found neceflary to put almoft a total Stop, for fome time, to the proceeding of all outward-bound Merchant Ships and VelTels ; whereas if fome Meafures could be taken, by a Regillry, as aforefaid, or other- wife, fo as to come at the certain Knowledge of every Seaman, or Seafaring Man in the Kingdom, together with their Ages and Defcriptions, and that fuch an Account were from time to time kept compleat, as the fame Ihall var}^, either by Death, or other Circumftance, at a particular Office to be eltablillicd for that purpofe, the Lord High-Admiral, or the Commillioners for ex- ecuting that Office, might not only be conllantly informed what Numbers of fuch People arc Inhabitants in the Nation, but an Account might likewife be kept, from time to time, which of them are employed as well in the Publick Service, as that of * the p R E F A C E. the Merchants, and when they fhall be dilcharged either from one or the other : Belides, it might be lb provided for, that when fuch a Number of them have been employed a certain Time in the Service of the Crown , they ihould have Licence to enter themfelves on board of Merchant Ships, and when they have fo ferved a limited Time, be obliged to go on board the Ships of the Royal Navy, when there fliall be occafion for them. Some- what of this kind, if rightly fet on foot, would be of fingular Ufe, elpecially in time of \Var; for as the Government would not be put to Trouble and Expence, as now, in raifing Seamen, fo would not the Merchants be at a Lofs for a fufficient Number at all Times to carry on their Trade. And in time of Peace, when the Crown will not have occafion for very confiderabld Numbers of Seamen, they may be more at liberty to employ themfelves otherwife. As this is a tiling of fuch a Nature as to require no fmall Ap- plication to render it effectual, 1 have only hinted at it here ; but if it fhall at any time be judged proper to put it in Pradice, and it fliall plcate God to blefs nie with the Continuance of Life and Health, I will mofl: readily contribute all I am able towards the eilablifliing what, in my humble Opinion, may fo much tend to the Good of my Country. This being faid with regard to the Seafaring People of the Reiatmguth: Nation, let us now confider, in as brief, a manner as may be, oEconomy of fomewhat of the OEconomy of the Navy, and what Officers are '^^^''""y- under the Direftion of the Lord High-Admiral, with refpeft as well to the Military as the Civil Adminiltration of his Office, and to fet forth, as much as may be confident with a Preface, the Na- ture of their fcveral Employments. Firll: then, That Officer who is next and immediately under the Lord High- Admiral, (I mean in his Military Capacity) is the Vice-Admiral of Great Britaia, and next to him the Rear-Ad- vice,a»dRear- miral, the annual Fee of the former being ^6ijl. ys. %d. and of ^/mirat 0/ the latter 369/. 4s. id. Both thefc Officers are appointed by Com- ■^'"t^"'-'"- millions under the Great Seal, the former of whom at this time is James Earl of Berkeley., and the latter Matthew Lord Aylmer ; but heretofore fuch Powers have been granted by the Lord High- Admiral, and alfo by the Commiilioners for executing that Office. The Lord High-Admiral grants his CommifTion to fuch Per- fon as His Majelty thinks fitting, by which he is appointed Ad- miral and Commander in Chief of the Fleet for the Expedition Admiral of whereon it is defigned ; and he, when out of the Britijh Cha- '*« F/«r, nel, appoints all Officers, as Vacancies happen, cither by Death, or otherwife, who at the end of the Expedition are confirmed by the Lord High-Admiral, or Commifhoners of the Admiralty, in cafe there doth not appear any reafonable Objedions there- unto. The Officer thus appointed to Command the Fleet is empow- ered by the Lord High-Admiral, or the Commidioncrs for ma- naging Preface. Power to the naging that Office, to hold Courts Martial, for trying Offenders, 'fhe"'vue\ "Ld ^^^■> ^^ ^^^ Abfence of the Judge- Advocate of the Navy, or his others to held Deputy, to appoint fome Perfon to aft as fuch. The fame Power couri! Mar- jg ^\([q given to inferior Flag- Officers, who command Squadrons ""'■ appointed for particular Services, to make Officers, and to hold Courts Martial, with this difference only, that if the Officer fo commanding is a Vice- Admiral, he hath only a Warrant authori- fmg him to hold fuch Courts, but if a Rear- Admiral, he hath a Commiffion appointing him Commander in Chief, as well as a Warrant for his fo doing. Nay, in the Abfence of a Flag-Offi- cer, the Commander of a private Ship hath been empowered by Commiffion to hold fuch Courts, and direfted by Warrant to try particular Cafes, and Commanders junior to him required to affiil thereat ; but the Commiffion by which he is appointed Commander in Chief is limited to a certain Number of Days. Lord High- The Lord High- Admirals being empowered by their Patents Admiral em- (q exccutc thc Duty of their Office either by themfelves, or De- ITDefu'tl"" ptities, they have heretofore, when employed themfelves at Sea, (as the Duke of Tork did in the Reign of King Charles the Se- cond) appointed fuch Perfons as they deemed moll proper to do their Duty at home, and required all fubordinate Officers to be obedient "to the Commands of thofe fo deputed. Principal offi- The principal Officers and Commiffioners of the Navy are ap- 'miifwltToT pointed by particular Patents under the Great Seal ; and when the Navy, the King approves of any Perfon recommended, the Lord High- Admiral ifmes his Warrant to the Attorney General, in His Ma- jeity's Name, to prepare a Bill, for the Royal Signature, to pafs the Seals, conffituting the faid Perfon a principal Officer and Commiilioner accordingly. By the OEconomy of the Navy formerly, none other were e- fleemed principal Officers and Commiflioners than the Treafurer, Comptroler, Surveyor, and Clerk of the Afts ; but fmce the Re- volution they have been all termed fo in their Patents, not but that the four before-mentioned prefide at the Board, and any three of the whole Number (the Treafurer excepted in Matters relating to Mony) are a ^ornm. But the multiplicity of Bufinefs, efpecially during the two laft Wars with France., made it abfolutely neceffary to add a confi- derable Number of Commiffioners to aflill the principal Officers, infomuch that there was one particularly appointed to allift the Comptroler in that Branch of his Office which relates to the Treafurer's Accounts, another in thofe of the Stores, and a third for examining into the Accounts of the \' iftualling. There was alfo another Commiflioner appointed for fome time to afliit the Clerk of the Afts, but that Officer hath been for feveral Years difcontinued, and in his ftead there is at this time an Ailillant allowed only, at the Salary of ^ool. per Amittm. There were alfo, during fome part of the War, two Surveyors of the Navy, but there being at this time only one, an extraor- dinary Inftrument is allou'cd him, with a Salary of 150/. per An- mitn ; Preface. tiuw\ and in like manner upon reducintT tiic Number of Com- miliioni-is of ihe N.uy, (for in lime of \\ ar ihere v\ ere i'evenil who liad no particular i^ranclics alligncd them) an AlTillant is al- lowed to the Ct)mptroler ot the\ ictualling Accounts, with a Sa- lary of 300/. a Year ; lo that, belides theTreaiurer, Comprroler, Surveyor, and Clerk of the Acts of rlie Navy, and the Comp- trolerb of the Trea.urer's, Storekeeper's, and Victualling ^Ac- counts, there is but one more principal Ollricer and Commiili- oner at the Board, who, together with the laid Comprroler of the\'iClualliiig Accounts, (befides their rcfpedfive Duties asCom- millioners) and anotiier Ccniicman added to them, (who hath not the Title of a Commillioner of the Navy) are appointed to manage the Hulinels of Tick and hurt Seamen, as well as that of Prifoners at War, and Traniporration of Forces, which in time of great Adion were performed by particular Commiflions. Belides the aforementioned principal OrHcers and Commiili cammffimtn oners of the Navy rdiding in Town, there is one who has ^^^^ "of,i"rard!'* Rcfidence at (^hathmn ^ another at 'Port [mouthy and a third at 'Plimouth^ whofe Bullnels is more immediaiely to inlpcci: into the Atiairs of the Yards there, and the Conduct of the Otiicers belonging thereun'o; bur, when in Town, they have the lame Right of fitting and ailing at the Board as any the other Mem- bers thereof. There arc alfo, under the Diredtion of 'he Lord High-Admi- co-ntr.}jf,o>,ers ral, Commiilioners for managing the Affairs of Victualling His(j^^4';'J''''"^ Majelly's Navy, who are conltituted by a joint Commiliion, by virtue of a U arrant from the Office of the Lord High-Admi- ral, in the King's Name, to the Attorney General, auihoriling him to prepare a Bill to pafs the Seals, in the fame manner as for the Parents to the principal Officers and Commiilioners of His Majelty's Navy ; and as the Officers of the relpective Dock- Yards and Rope-Yards are (under tie Lord High-Admiral) more immediately lubjeCt to the Inipedion and Directions of the Navy Board, lo have the laid Commiilioners of the Vidualling Officers under them at the principal Ports, as well as Agents abroad, when the Service requires the lame. The Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, who is hleute- J".i?e of tht nant, as well as Council to the Lord High-Admiral, in all Mat- "Jfj^^''^^' ^ ters relating to the Civil Law, is appointed by his Warrant to be ""''^''^• his Advocate in the faid Court, by which he is directed to pre- pare a Bill, to pal's the Seal thereof, conllituting the Perfon, v\'ho fliall be agreed on,Judge of the laid High Court of Admiralty, in which Employment tlie faid Officer is generally confirmed by a Patent under the Great Seal of the Kingdom ; and the Autho- rity given to the faid Judge by his Commiliion, or Patent, is as follows, viz. I. To take Cognizance of, and determine all Caufes whatever that are Civil and Maritime, viz. all Contracts, OHences, Complaints, tBc. thac do any ways concern Shipping j ^s al^ Pr E F A C E. fo Injuries, Extortions, and all Civil and Maritime Dealings whatlbever, between Merchants and Owners of Ships, or V^eflels employed within the Jurildic^tion of the Admiralty of England, or between any other Perfons had, committed, or contraftcd, not only upon the Sea, or in publick Rivers, but alfo in frefh Waters, Rivtilets, Havens, Creeks, and all Places overflowed, and within the Flux and Reflux of the Sea, or high Tide of the frelh Waters ; as alio on the Shores or Banks of the fame, below the flrfl Bridge towards the Sea, within the Kingdoms of England and Ireland^ and the Dominions thereunto belonging, or in any other Places be- yond the Seas. X. To receive Appeals from inferior Courts of Adiriiralty, and to inhibit their Proceedings in Caufes depending before him. 3. To arrefl Ship, Perfons, and Goods, in Cafes of Debt, or other Forfeitures, provided the Perfons and Goods be found within thejurifdiftion of the Admiralty. 4. To enquire, by Oath of honcit and lawful Men, into all things which by the Laws or Ciiftoms of the Court ul'ed to be enquired into ; and to puniih, tine, or imprifon Con- temners of hisjurifdidion, according to the Laws and Cu- lloms of the Admiralty, or the Statutes of the Realm. 5". To look after the Confervation of the publick Rivers, Ri- vulets, Havens, and Creeks within the Jurifdidion of the Admiralty, as well for the Prefervation of the Navy, as o- ther Ships, and alfo of the Fifli ; and to punilli fuch as make ufe of Nets which are too narrow, or other unlaU'ful En- gines, or Infl;ruments for Fifhing, 6. To judge and determine of Wrecks at Sea, and alfo of dead Bodies found within the Jurifdidion of the Admiralty, ac- cording to the Statute concerning Wrecks, and of the 'Of- fice of a Coroner, made in the third and fourth Years of Edward the Firll, and the Statute about Goods coming to England being plundered at Sea, in the twenty feventh Year of Edward the Third. 7. To judge of Cafes of Maheim^ (i. e. Maim, or Lofs of Limb) and to punifli the Delinquents. 8. To depute and furrogate a Subltitute, or Subftitutes, and to revoke all fuch Deputations at pleafure, and to hold his Place quam diu fe bene gefferit. Inferior offi- The Lord High-Admiral hath alfo an Advocate in the faid ters in the High Court of Admiralty ; and as the King hath alfo an Advo- 2^,2'/"" "-^ cate General therein, fo hath the High-Admiral a Prodor ; be- fides whom there is a Regifler, and a Marlhal. Judge Advo- The Lord High-Admiral doth, by his (>ommifIion, appoint a 'kL "^ and J"^8^ Advocate of the Navy, (or the more regular holding Courts hhDtf^^y. Martial, and trying Ofl'enders ; and the laid Judge Advocate hath a Deputy, to afiiil him in the Execution of the Bufinefs of 6 his p R E F A C E. his Office, who is apponited in the fame manner. There is likewife a Councellor for the Affairs of the Admi- co^„ceihri« ralty and Navy, as to Matters relating to the Common Law, to '" 'he Admi- whom the Lord High-Admiral, or thcCommiffioners of the Ad- ''^^[\l"ff,T miraky, and the Navy Board refer fuch Matters as are proper for A^ijtam. his Confideration and Advice ; and the faid Councellor is allow- ed an Aflillant, who folicits, and manages, by Direftions from the Admiralty and Navy Boards, all things relating to thole Of- fices refpedively, which are proper for his Cognizance. As the Lord High-x\dmiral is the principal Wheel by which all Matters relating to the Royal Navy have their Motion, fo are the principal Officers and CommiHioners of the Navy next and immediately under him, I mean as to what relates more particu- larly to the OEconomy thereof on fliore. To them he iffues his urd wgh- Orders for the building;, repairing, fitting out, and paying off, '^'imtrai di- and laving up in Harbour His Majeltv's Ships ; and as to the "'"'''tt'ti' _.,•„. o r ■ i> -r\ r • • I • mg Ships, occ. Vidualhng the bhips in hea Fay, from time to time, they do, m purfuance of his Orders , fend Directions to the Commif- lioners particularly appointed to manage that Branch of the Navy. Towards the end of each Year, the Lord High- Admiral doth, by his Memorial to the King in Council, humbly pray His Ma- Lord nigh- jelly to declare the Number of Men neceffary to be employed in ^^f"",'^^^^ his Service at Sea the next Year, which being done, Eftimates thecroivnfor are prepared, and laid before His MajeJty in Council, for his " oei:/.ir4fio» Royal Confirmation, of the Charge of their Wages, and Vitluals, If'selJln " and of the Wear and Tear of the Ships wherein they may ho. eAciirw. employed ; and the Navy Board are direded by the Lord High- Admiral to confidcr, and propofe to him how, in their opinion, and that of the Commiflioners forViftualling the' Navy, the Pro- vifions for the faid Men may be molt properly dillributed at the feveral Ports, which being approved of, Diredions are fent to the, faid Commiflioners of the Navy accordingly, and by them to the CommilTioners for Virtual ling. The Lord High- Admiral doth alfo, by Letter to the Mailer- sinpsan jup. General of the Ordnance, dcfire him to caufe Guns, and Gun- ^['"^ "^/* , ner's Stores to be put on board His Majelty's Ships which are u"ur^hom' from time to time ordered to be fitted out for Service, and for theuriniih- the taking them on (hore again, and placing them in His Majelly's ,'t^'^^7/?JV Magazines, when fuch Ships are ordered to be difcharged from the ordnance. farther Service ; and the like he doth when any Ships come in- to Port to be refitted. The Lord High-Admiral doth by his Warrants to the princi- pal Officers and Commiflioners of the Navy, dired them to caufe all Officers to be entered in His Majelly's Dock-Yards and Rope- m zchjf ma^i- Yards, as alio all (landing Officers on board His Majelty's Ships, ""-offices of fuch as Purlers, Gunners, Boatfwains, and Carpenters; but the 'shls^'arlll- Malters, Chyrurgeons, and Cooks are, by the Authority [\\cy Mmted. have received from the Lord High-Admiral, appointed by their own peculiar Warrants. And as to all Flag-Ofliccrs, Captains, b t and p R E F A C E. a.ivy Bcar/i, and ViHual- lers have Po-ver tJ make Con- trails, but c.invot per- form any con pihra'ule Vt'ork ■without the Hi^h .Admi- ral's Appro- iation. Vice-Adni'i- ;als at home and abroad. Powers given to a ViceAd' m'lral. and Lieutenants, they arc commiilion'd by the High-Admiral, or CommiJlioners of the Admiralty, without palling through the Hands of the Navy Hoard ; and the Chaplams, Volunteers, and Schoolmallers of Ships, arc immediately appointed by the Lord High- Admiral, or Commillioners of the Admiralty, by Warrants dirctled to the Captains of the faid Ships, as are Midfhipmen extraordinary, but no Perfon is admitted as fuch, who hath not before fcrved as a Lieutenant. Both the principal Officers and Commiflioners of the Navy, and the Commiiiioners for Vidualling, have Power from the Crown to make Contrads for all Naval Stores and Provifions ne- ccllary for the Publick Service. But fmce the enumerating the feveral Branches of the Inflrudions to one and the other, toge- ther with thofe to the Officers of the Dock-Yards, Rope- Yards, ^c. would be a Work much too large for a Preface, I iliall only touch on one thing more relating to this Head, which is, that before cither of thofe Boards give Orders for the Performance of any confiderable Work, or Buildings, they prepare, and lay before the Lord High-Admiral, or Commiflioners of the Admi- ralty, Ellimates of what the Charge of fuch Works may proba- bly amount unto, and if the fame are approved of, Orders are ill'ued for their being performed accordingly. The Lord High- Admiral alfo appoints his Vice- Admirals as well in the Maritime Countries of thefe Kingdoms, as in His Ma- jeily's foreign Governments and Plantations, and this by War- rants to the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty to ifliie Com- miflions under the Great Seal of the faid Court, by which they are empowered, I mean the Vice- Admiral abroad, . To proceed on, and determine (with the AfTiftance of the Judge of the Admiralty, who with the Regillers, and Mar- Ihals, are appointed by the Lord High-Admiral) all Civil and iMaritime Caufes. .. To make Enquiry into, by a Jury, according to ancient Laws and Culloms, the Goods and Chattels of all Traitors, Pirates, Murderers, and Felons, trefpafling within the Jurif- diftion of their Vice- Admiralties, together with the Goods, Debts, and Chattels of their Acceflbries and Accomplices, and of Felons de Sea, Fugitives convift, attainted, excom- municated, and out-lawed : But fuch Goods and Chattels of Pirates ought not tobe proceeded againll and condemned, until they have been in the PolTeffion of the High Court of Admi- ralty, or the Vice-Admiralty Courts abroad, for the fpace of one Year and a Day, which time is allowed to fuch Perfons who pretend a Right to them to put in their Claims. 5. To enquire into all Goods of Ships that are Flotfon^ Jet/ojr, or Lagon, and all Shares,Treafure found, and to be found, and 'Deodands ; and alfo all Goods found in the Seas , Shores, Creeks, and v\'ithin the frefh Waters, on Places overflowed by the Sea. To p R E F A C 4. To infpeft into Anchorage and Ballalbge, as alfo all Royal Fifties, fuch as Sturgeons, Whales, Porpufles, Dolphins, Grampulles, and, in general, all large Fimes, and to hear, and determine in the lame, either by themlelves, their Lieu- tenants, or Deputies, and to levy, coHeCt, and preferve whatever is adjudged, mulcted, or forfeited, for the Ufe of the King, (when thofe things are relerved by the Crown to its own Difpofal) or the Lord High- Admiral. 5. To arrelt Ships, Goods, and Perfons within the Jurifdidi- on of their \'ice- Admiralties, according as the cafe ihall re- quire, and conformable to the Maritime and Civil Laws, upon any Applications, or Complaints thac Ihall be made to them ; and to compel Perfons to appear, and anfwer in their Courts, and to punifli, muld, or imprifon thofe who refufe fo to appear. 6. To put in Execution all Laws, Orders, and Cufloms for the Prefervation of the Ports, Rivers, and Fifties within the Diilricl of their Vice- Admiralties. 7. To take away all Nets that are too fcanty, and all unlawful Engines and Inltruments for catching Fiih, and to punifli thofe who ufe thern. 8. To proceed in Judgment on Bodies found dead on the Wa- ter, and to appoint Deputies, and other Officers, for the better infpefting into, and managemeni of the Matters com- mitted to their Charge ; with a Provifo that nothing ftiall infringe the Rights of the High Court of Admiralty of this Kingdom, and any Perfon, or Perfons, who fliall think them- felves agrievcd by the Sentence of their Court, their ap- pealing to the aforefaid Fligh Court of Admiralty. 9. They hold their Places, as Vice- Admirals, with all the Pro- fits and Perquifites belonging thereunto, during pleafure ; and they are enjoined to tranlmit in every Year, if demand- ed, between the Feails of St. ikf/^r/j^i'/ the ArchAngel, and All-Saints, an exaft Account of all their Proceedings, and of what doth remain in their Hands, purfuant to the a- forefaid Diredions in their Commiiliods, which, in default thereof, are to become void, as thofe are alfo to theVice- Admirals at home. And fince feveral Difputes formerly happened between the Vice- Admirals, and the Judges of the faid Courts, in relation to their refpedive Authorities, the late King James^ when Lord High- Admiral, in the Reign of his Brother, determined the fame in the manner following. \. That the Vice- Admiral (as he is authorifed by his Patent) ihould proceed folely in the Exercife of jurifdiftion in the Matters following, viz. To p R E F A C E. D'tfprHes be- tween the Vice- admi- rals and the Judges of the Vice- Admi- ralties recon- ciled by the Duke of York, when High- Admi- ral. To enquire fer facramenttim proborum ^ legalium homi- nnm^ de omnibus & fittgulis qna de jure, jiatnt'is^ ordi- Jiatiojiibus, vel conjuetndinibus, Cnrite Tr'incipalis, Ad- miralitatis Anglite^ ab antiquo inqn'iri folent vel debe- rent. That is, of all and fingular thole Things which by the Law, Statutes, Ordinances, or Cultoms of the High Court of Admiralty q{ England., are, from anci- ent Times, wont, or ought to be enquired into upon the Oaths of good and lawful Men. To take Poireflion, and have the Cuiiody of all Goods wrecked, whether Flot/oii, Jcrjon, or Lagon, and all Goods of Felons and other Offenders forfeited or found in that Vice- Admiralty ; as alio of all pecuniary Mulfts, and Fines inflided within the lame, and theF'orfeitures of all Recognizances, and all other Admiralty Droits and Perquilites, and to difpofc of the fame to the ufe of the Lord High Admiral, giving him a particular Ac- count thereof. To ufe the Seal committed to his Cuftody in all Writs and Proceedings which concerned the Lxercife of his Jurifdidtion, To receive the Profits of Anchorage, Laftage, and BallalHng of Ships with Sand within his Vice-Admi- ralty, if the fame fliould not be efpecially granted to fome other Perfon, and to be refponlible for the fame. And as for the Power of the Judge, it was determined as follows ; That he fliould proceed alone in all Matters of Inflance whatfoevcr between Party and Party ; as to the giving Oaths to all WitnefTes; to decree Compulfories againfl fuch as fbould rcfufe to appear ; to grant Commiflions for Examination of Parties, Principal and WitnefTes ; to take all manner of Recognizances before him, and, as need Ihould require, to declare the fame to be forfeited ; and to order all fuch things as might be requifite to be de- creed, and done, concerning any Suit or Matter de- pending in Court before him for the concluding there- of; and at laft to give and pronounce Sentence defini- tive, as the Merits of the Cauf'e lliould require. That he, by Deputation from the Vice Admiral, fliould alone take Cognizance of, and determine all Contrafts made beyond the Seas to be performed here, and of thofe which fliould be made here to be expedited be- yond the Seas, and this, notwithltanding the Power thereof was particularly mentioned in the Patent to the Vice-Admiral. That as to all Matters of Office (faving to the Vice-Admiral the Power to enquire fer facramentnm ^ legalium ho- minum de omnibm ^ Ji'/igiilis, ^c. before-mentioned, and i^ R E F A C E. and laving alio lo liim the CollcCiing, and Cullody of all thoie Things which Ixlong to hinn by his Patent) the Judge fliould have Power to impole Fines upon Oliisnders, commit them to Priion for not Pavment of thofe Fines; to examine, ana commit any Perlbn taken and apprehended upon Sulpicion of Piracy, and to proceed to the Adjudication of Goods for- feited and contilcable (faving to the Fligh Court of Ad- miralty the Right of proceeding againll all fuch Ships and Goods for which any Perfon fliould put in his Claim there, and I'uch, as being of very grcatV alue, are there to be adjudged , as it hath always been accuitomed) which are to be fcized, and taken into Poffefiion by the Vice-Admiral, who was to give Intimation thereof to the High C^ourt of Admiralty, and, after Condem- nation thereof, to difpofe of the lame, and to be ac- countable to the Lord High-Admiral, ^s directed by his Patent. And that there might be a right Underltanding between ■the Vice-Admiral and the judge, (admitting the Exer-: cife of the Judicial Proceeding in, and fentencing of all Caules dependmg in Court to belong only to the Judge, as aforefaid) the Vice-Admiral was at Uberty, at his pleafure, at any time to lit with the Judge in Court, in regard he might oftentimes be efpecially concerned ia fome Matters of Oftice depending in the faid Court, and that the appointment of the Courts fucceffively ihould be with his Knowledge, and Approbation. And that if the Judge fliould not keep Courts, and dp thole things which arc fitting to be done by his Place, the Vice-Admiral might then, or his Deputy, keep fuch Courts, and judge, and receive the Judge's accullomr ed F'ees. The Lord High-Admiral, having made thefe Regulations be- tween the Vice Admirals and the Judges of thofe Courts, he thout^ht it fitting alio to eltablilli certain Articles, and to enjoin /«/?'•«-?««; the then Judge of the High Court of Admiralty llridly to com- «^X' f/ "'' ply therewith, that lo due care might be taken in the adminilhing York, wher^ ol Juiiiice, and that with difpatch, in regard the fame was fo ab- "^''^f'^J// folutcly neceilary upon the Score not only of the Subjects of this 'y^i'dre of'rhe Kingdom, but of thofe of its Allies alio ; which Articles were as AdmntU'^. follows, viz. I. That he fliould be very careful and intent in the preventing all Delays, and Subterfuges whatfoever injudicial Proceed- ings and, with particular Application, give all polliblc dif- f 'i to F»rcigners in their Suits, and to Seamen, lerving i '-.-.i-ii Mijps about their Wages, elpecially when they i. : entangled with dilatory Exceptions, or \^~ pe4l§. Pr E F A C E. peals. And that if he found any Defcds in the Conllituti- on, or Abufes in the Pra(^ticc of the Court, which could not be remedy'd otherwile than by His Majefty's Authority, he lliould, upon conlidering thereof with the Advocate to the Lord High-Admiral, repreibnt the fame to him, in order to the obtaining inch farther Regulations as to His Majelty fliould be thought fitting. X. That he ihould, as much as in him lay, preferve the Re- fpeft and Reverence that ought to be in a Court of Jullice, where Foreigners, among others, might have frequent Ap- plications to make, and effcs^tually to reprefs all infolent Speeches, and indecent Behaviour, which could not but raife in the Apprehenfions of Strangers boih a Scorn to that Court, and a Prejudice to all the Judicial Proceedings in the King- dom. 3. That he fhould lay before him an exaft Table of the Fees ufually paid for any Monition, \\ arrant, Decree, Sentence, Inltrument, Copy, Exemplitication, or any other Att, or Thing whatfoever, payable to himfelf, as judge, or to the Regiiter, Marfhal, or any other Perfon belonging to the Court, w hich Table was to be atielted under the Hands of the Advocate and Proctor to the Lord High-Admiral, and thofe of the molt ancient Pradiitioners in the High Court of Admiralty, that in cafe it ihould appear fuch Table had in it nothing differing from the Table approved by his Pre- deceflbrs, Lords High- Admiral, he might confirm the fame under his Hand and Seal , and take fuch farther Meafures as might effe(5t:ually reilrain all Exadions, and Demands not juflitiable by the faid Table. 4. To furvey, with all pofTible Exaftnefs, all the Records and. Writings in the Poilellion of the Regifter of the Court, and, with the Advice of his Advocate, to caule them to be di- gefted in fuch a Method , and depofitcd in fuch fafe and convenient Places, as might bell prelerve them from Da- mage or Embezilment. And that in every long Vacation he Ihould fet afide fome time to villt the faid Regiitry, with the AfTillance of the Advocate and Proftor to the Lord High-Admiral, and to give Orders to the Regiiter of the Court for the fair tranicribing, and careful digelling the a- foregoing Year's Records, ib as that the fame might be moft ready, and moft ufeful to Poiterity. 5. Once in every Year he was to call all the V^ice- Admirals to account, on Oath, in the High Court of Admiralty, as had been accuftomed, for fuch Droits and Perquiiites as fhould have come the preceding Year into their Hands, and efllec- tually to proceed to the pronouncing their Commi (lions void, in cafe any of the faid Vice- Admirals ihould negleft, or re- ftife to give in their yearly Accounts at the time accuftom- ed. Nor was he, in any cafe, to content himfelf with the Qaths of their Prodors, SoUcitors, or Servants, unlefs it 6 fliould Preface. fliould appeal- unto him that any of the faid Vice-Admi- rals had exercifed their Office by one or more Depu- ties, in which Cafe he was to admit of his or their Oaths, and of the Accounts fo exhibited ; provided the Court were fatisiied that his or their Deputation was legal, fuMicient, and not revoked at the time of his, or their accompiing. And in cafe it fliould fo happen that any of the fiid Vice- Admirals, or their Deputies, could not conveniently attend to give in his, or their Accounts perlbnally in Court, he was then, with the Confent of the Advocate and Proc- tor to the Lord High-Admiral, to iifue out a Commifiion, in the ufual form, to fuch Pcrfons of known Worth and Quality, as might receive their refpedive Oaths and Accounts in any convenient Place within their Jurifdidions. Laitly. He was to endeavour to inform himfelf, from the a- forefaid Vice-Adniirals, and by all other Methods in his Power, what Lords of Mannors, and what Corporations within their refpedive Jurifdidions, fhould either by Vio- lence ulurp, or, under Colour of Grant, or Prefcription, challenge to thcmfelves the Rights and Droits of the Admi- ral, and from time to time to acquaint him therewith, that due Courfe in Law might be taken to refcue the ancient Rights and Royalties of the Office from being altogether fwallovved uy by Encroachments, and Uiurpations. The aforementioned Powers delegated by the Lord High-Ad- miral to the \ ice-Admirals, are much the fame as thofe granted to him by the Crown, fo far, I mean, as they relate to thofe par- ticular Branches of his Office ; and when the King doth not re- ferve to himfelf the Rights and Perquilites of Admiralty, the The Tee, ei>i High- Admiral's Fee, or Salary, is no more than three hundred ^^j^Pj^'L''" Marks a Year, which he receives out of the Exchequer ; but when Admiral ' he doth not enjoy thofe Pcrquifites, his Salary is 700/. ferAwmmy which Perquilites are as follows, viz. All Goods, Debts, and Chattels of Traitors, Pirates, Murther- The perqm- ers, and Felons, and of their Accelfaries and Accomplices : ^'r"fj''t ,,. r 11 f 1 / ^ 1' ■ ■ r^ • (T '• • Lord Htgh- as alio ot all relons de fe, hugitives, Convids, attainted, ^imr<3/. excommunicated, and out-lawcd Pcrfons, within the Limits of his Jurifdidion. All Goods that are found on the Surface of the Sea, as alfo Jetfon and Lagon, Treafures, Deodands, and Derelids, to- gether with all lolt Goods, Merchandizes, and Chattels found in the Sea, or thrown out thereof; and all cafual Goods found upon the Sea, or its Shore, Creeks, Coalls, or Sea- Ports ; as alfo upon frefh Waters, Havens, publick Rivers, , Rivulets, Creeks, or other Places overflowed, lying beneath the Flux and Reflux of the Sea, or Water at full Tide, or upon the Shores, or Banks of the fame, from the iirll: Bridge towards the Sea. c Alfo p R E F A C E. yVlib Anchorage of foreign Ships upon the Sea, or in Havens or publick Rivers, or near the Shores, or Promontories of any of the fame. All Royal Fifhes, vi^. Sturgeons, Whales, Porpufles, Dol- phins, and Grampufles ; and, in general, all other Fiflies of an enormous Thicknefs or Fatnei's, which have by ancient Right, or Cuitom, belonged to the Oihce of High- Ad- miral. All Fines, Mulrts, Forfeitures, Amerciaments, Redemptions, and Recognizances whatfoevcr that are forfeited ; and all pecuniary Puniihments for Tranfgreflions, Offence, Injuries, Extortions, Contempts, and all other Crimes whatfoever, inflidted, or to be intlicled in any Court of Admiralty. Thefe Perquifites, among others, were always enjoyed by the perquiftei to Lotd High-Admirals, until the Year 1673, wherr the Duke of theLordHmh- j-gy-f, aftervvards King lames the Second, furrendring his Patent, continued. King Charles the Second appointed feveral of the great Officers of State to execute the Employment, but with a very limited Power ; for His Majefty referved to himfelf the Difpofal of all Employments, as well as the Droits of Admiralty, and the faid DroiLS, or Perquilites, have continued in the Crown ever lince; for when his Royal Highnefs Prince George of 'Denmark was ap- pointed Lord-High-Admiral, and Thomas Earl of "Pembroke and Montgomery^ both before and after him, although both one and the other had the Grant of all fuch Perquifues in their Patents, yet by Deeds of Gift they reinltated them in the Crown, and they have from time to time been applied towards defraying the pub- lick Expences. 1 alfo find by the Records in the Office of Admiralty, that, be- fides the Perquilites mentioned in the Patent to the Prince of ©£>«- rnark.^ King James^ when Duke o^ Tork, and Lord High-Admi- other perqui- j-fll, had fcvcral others annexed to his Office. For in the Year Duke'I/Wo^rk, ^^^'^ ^^ rcutcd out the publick Chains, by which Ships were when Lord mootcd in the River of Thames, to Thomas Elliot Eiq; by a High-Admt- Leafe of fourteen Years, at 600/. fer Annum , the faid Elliot obliging himfelf to keep them in good Repair. His Royal Highnefs alfo rented out all Sea Weed, Minerals, Sand, Gravel, and Stone lying between high, and low Water Mark, over all England and Wales, the River of Thames except- ed, at 400/. per Annum. He had alio a Duty on all Ferries on Navigable Rivers, or Arms of the Sea below the lalt Bridge ; and in the Year 1665- he made a Grant of all the Ferries in Ireland to Sir Maurice Berkeley \ and in formerTimes the Lord High-Admiral had Duties on Light- houfes and Beacons. He had likewife the one tenth part of all Merchant Ships, Veffels, and Goods taken from an Enemy, either by Ships of War, or Privateers, and appointed Commillioncrs to demand and recover Pr E I- A C E. recover the lame, and his Advocate, and Proftor in the High Court of Admiralty to ailill them therein. As to the prelent Extent of the Jurifdi(?tion of the Lord High- Extent of the Admiral, or Commifiioners for executing that Office, it is over ^'"■d nt;h. Great Britaiu^ Ireland, and TV ales ^ with the Dominions and njSon!^'" Illands of the fame ; as alfo Nc^' England^ Ne'u; Tork, Eafi and IVejiJerfcys^ Jamaica, Virghua, Barbadoes, St. Chrijfopbers, Nevis, Alofifirat, Bermudas, and Antegoa in America, and Guinea, B tu- ny, and Angola in Africa, with the Illands and Dominions of the fame ; and all and lingular other Plantations, Dominions, and Territories vvhatfoever in Parts beyond the Seas, in the Poirefii- on of any of His Majclly's Subjeds. When War is declared againlt any Prince, or State, the Lord High-Admiral, by his Memorial to the King in Council, prays that he will be pleafed to dires^t the Advocate for the Office T^^i^tm to of High- Admiral in the Court of Admiralty, to prepare, and lav '^^<^'""('"'-. betore His Majelty, tor his Royal Approbation, the Draught oix.es at heme a Commillion, authoriling him the faid Lord High-Admiral, to ""■' abroad. empower the High Court of Admiralty in the foreign Govern- ments and l-*lantations, to take Cognizance of, and judicially pro- ceed upon all, and all manner of Captures, Seifures, Prizes, and Reprizals of all Ships and Goods feifed, and to adjudge, and condemn the fame, according to the Courfe of the Admiralt}-, and Law of Nations ; as alio all Ships and Goods liable to Con- fifcation, purfuant to the refpedives Treaties with His Majelty, and other Princes and States. The Lord High- Admiral alio humbly defires His Majeily's Di- rections in Council to his Advocate General in the High Court of Admir?.lty, and to the Advocate to the Office of High-Ad- miral in the faid Court, to prepare, and lay before His Alajelty a Commillion, authoriling him the laid Lord High-Admiral to to illiie forth Letters of Marque and Reprizals, to thofe he iliall ReUting to deem fitly qualiiied, to fcize the Ships orX'eHels belonging to the ^^"'Z' °^ Prince againll: whom War is declared, his\'allals and Subjects, or \ ,th Ship, and Mailer — P ' To the Marine Lieutenants, if any, Boatfwain, Gun- 7 ner, Carpenters, Mailers, Mates, Chirurgeon, and>4'''. Chaplain ■ } To the Midfliipmen, Carpenter's Mates, Boatfwain's • Mates, Gunner's Mates, Corporal, Yeomen of the( ■ th Sheats, Coxwain, Quarter-Mailer's Mates, Chi- rurgeon's Mates, Yeomen of the Powder Room,*v and the Serjeant of the Marines ^ To the Trumpeters, Quarter Gunners, Carpenter's "^ Crew, Steward, Cook, Armourer, Stev\ard's Mate, / Cook's Mate, Gunfmith, Coopers, Swabbers, Or- (^,,,,5 dinary Trumpeters, Barber, Able Seamen, Ordi-/''*' ' nary Seam.en, Volunteers by Warrant, and MarineX Soldiers, if any, ■ ) And where there are no Marine Officers or Soldiers on board, the Officers and Soldiers of Land Companies, if any, have the like Allowance as is appointed for them. But in cafe any Officers are abfent at the time of Capture, their Shares are to be call into the lall Article. I have before recited the Powers given to a Vice- Admiral of one of his Majelly's foreign Governments, by which fome of them have been led into an Opinion that they are thereby inveft- cd with Authority to command, and controul all things done on the Seas within the limits of the faid \ ice-Admiralties, nay even to wear a Union, or Jack Flag (the fame which is born by the Admiral of the Fleet) on board his Majelly's Ships appointed to attend thereon, and to difplace the Officers of fuch Ships, and appoint others in their room : But far are they from having any fuch Authority ; for, by the fame parity of Reafon, any Vice-Admi- ral of a Maritime County in Great Britain (their Powers being alike) may lay a Claim to the exercifmg Maritime jurifdidion within the limits of his Nice- Admiralty, and of placing, and dif- placing Officers of Ships of War at his pleafure, when they hap- pen to come within his reach. It is but too obvious how much the Jurifdiftion of the Office of High-Admiral hath been infringed and obllruticd in his Ma- jelly's foreign Governments and Plantations, by fomc who have; aflumed to themfelves an Authority which was never intended » them. Preface. them, and is, indeed, inconfillent with the Nature of their Of- fice, either as Governor orVice-Admiral ; and this Jirtle regard ilicwn to Admiralty Jurifdidion hath frequently occafioned no fmall Diforder and Confufion ; for while the Governors endea- vour to vvrelt the whole Authority to themfelves, the Provincial Judges, under fuch Umbrage, very much perplex, if not entire- ly over-rule the Proceedings of the Courts of Admiralty ; and till fome effeftual Methods ihall be taken to rellrain the Gover- nors herein, there is but little hopes of luch a good Harmony between them, the Commanders of his Majelly's Ships appoint- ed to attend on their Governments, and the Officers of the Courts of Admiralty, as were to be wilhed, and is abfolutely neceilary This being laid, let us, in the laft Place, take notice of fome KAnt.ngt^th, Particulars relating to the Laws and Cuitorns of the Sea, as t'^^-viandc^- far as the lame do more immediately relate to our own ^T' "^ '^'^ Country. Firft then As the Kings of Great Britain have an inherent Right in the Perfons, and to the Service of their natural born Suhjeds, efpecially Mariners, and Seafaring People, fo may they confequently reftrain them from ferving any fo- reign Prince or State, or by their Royal Proclamation recal them, when in fuch Service; for luc.i Right would be to little purpofe, were it not attended with means to compel ; rheKingma-j and the Lord High-Admiral, by virtue of the Authority he rejiram sia- derives from the Crown, may, and doth require the Com- Trvl/'o^ter mandcrs of our Ships of War to demand fuch Seafaring Men Princes. from foreign Ships, and upon refuial, (which is a palpable Injury to the Prince whole Subjects they are) to take them by force. And as this is an undoubted Right of all Mari- time Princes whatfoever, fo hath it been a Culfom of long Continuance. ^. The Right of fearching Ships of a common Friend, and the searching taking Subjeds, or Goods of an Enemy out of them, is a ^^'/" "Z" Matter which hath not hitherto been fully determined by %7t7n7h^ » the Law of Nations. The Party in Hollility alledges that, ^rmu m for his own Prefervation, he hath a Right to feize the Per- """^ fons and Goods of an Enemy, and that he ought not to be interrupted therein bv a Neuter ; whereas , on the other hand, the Neuter iniilts on a Liberty of Trade allowed by the Law of Nations, efpecially in carrying Goods not ufeful in War ; and that Liberty would be, indeed, dellroyed, if the Right to vifit were made ufe of for committing Spoil and Rapine. But as the fearching of Ships hath been often flipulated in Treaties, becaufe otherwife it might occafion Difputes, and even \\ ar between Princes; fo is there aNe- celiity for making fuch Provilion, becaufe the Variety of Cafes cannot admit of any general Determination by the Law and Confent of Nations. But where there is not any Signi- R E F A C E. ships of a Neutral Prince may lie detained. Tranfporting Powder, &C. to Infidels. About Shift re- taken. Signification publiHied by a Prince in War, relbaining the Ships of another Prince, or State, their being empio) ed in the Service of him with whom he is in adual Hollility, and thereby a Caution given to a Friend, there is no juil realon for feizing the Goocis, or Perfons found on board fuch Neu- tral Ships, provided they are Freighters, or Pallengers, and that the Loading is not Utenfils of War, but the Goods of Merchants ; for hereby the Pretence of the Safety of the States being concerned in it is excluded, which Safety is the principal reafon of fuch Search ; and this being fecured, li- berty of Trade hath been mutually permitted by Enemies, in regard of the common Benefit accruing therefrom to Mankind ; infomuch that when Perfons or Goods are feized in the manner before-mentioned, Satisflidion ought to be made to the Prince to whom the Perfons fo feized are Subjefts. 3. Yet Ships belonging to the Subjefts of a Neutral Prince may be detained by another in adual W ar, if they have Goods on board proper for the Service of that Prince, or State with whom he is in Hollility, in cafe the Mailers of fuch Ships produce not Pa^Tes to fhew that they are bound to the Port of an Ally. Nay, it is a received Opinion, that if upon failure of a legal Proof that they do aftually belong to the Subjeds of that Prince from whole Dominions they Ihall pretend to have come, they may, although actually bound to fome Port of an Ally, as aforefaid, be proceeded againft, and condemned as lawful Prize. 4. By the Civil, as well as Common Law, the tranfporting of Powder, or Warlike Infiruments to Infidels, is prohibited ; but yet thofe Laws are become void by common Ufage and Pradice ; and although by the Statute of the nth of King Charles the Second, the fupplying Powder, Muskets, &c. is admitted to be lawful, by way ot Merchandize, the Crown may, by virtue of that Statute, prohibit the fame when there fliall be a juft, and neceilary occalion fo to do, and if ta- ken, they are by the Law of Nations confifcable : Nay, e- ven by Treaties between one Prince and another, Proviiion is made that no Warlike Implements fhall be carried by Neu- trals for the Supply either of one or other who are in adu- al War. y. Admitting that England and Holland were in Confederacy againlt France., and a 'Dutch Ship to have been plundered, and afterwards left by the French., but recovered by fome of the Subjeds of England., and forcibly taken from them by thofe of the States-General, and being afterwards brought into fome Port of England., is claimed by a Lord of a Man- nor, in Right of his Royalty, fuch Ship is neither a Per- quifite of Admiralty, nor doth ftie belong to the Lord of the Manner, but ought to be reltored, upon paying Salvage to Pr E F A C E. to the Pciibns who recovered her, by thole who had the Property when feiyxd by the French. 6. Although the Vice- Admirals of the Maritime Countries of Great Britain have a Power to take into their PoflelTion all Ships and \ clT'els derelided, wrecked, or driven upon the Shores within their Dilhids, yet have they not any manner of Right or Intcrelt to detain Prizes brought in by the Ships of \\ ar of this Kingdom, or by Ships which have private Com- miilions. And all Wrecks of the Sea are of the fame Na- j-„„ci,i„ ture as Strays, Treafure-Trove, and Things found on the mLkTlf the Land, which, if no rightful Owner appears to claim them ^'^' ^'^• in a Year and a Day, belong to the Crown, or fuch Perfon who derives from it. And here it may be obferved, that ancient Records, beyond Memory, recite a Cuftom of di- viding Wrecks, and all other Casualties, taken within the Precinrt of Vice- Admirals, as follows, viz. " One Moiety a^-j; mnin *' to the Lord High- Admiral ; and in confideration that &c- "'«'•' ""- " Vice- Admirals had no Fees for holding their Courts, the "'/"^^ '''""'■ *' other half was divided thus. TotheX ice- Admiral, Judge, " and Under-Officers two Parts and the other to the Re- " giller and Marlhal. Thefe Cafualties were, by order of " the Vice-Admiral, to be appraiicd, and fworn to by ho- " nelt Men, and the faid Nice Admirals to tranfmit to the " Lord High- Admiral an Account thereof at Lady-day and " Michaelmas every Year. 7. Before the Crown was pleafed, as an Encouragement to the Captains, OHticers, and Companies of Ships of War, and of Ships with Letters of Marque, to grant the entire Pro- perty of all Prizes to them, and even after fuch Grant, the Method of proceeding to the Condemnation of fuch Prizes j-^, Method hath been thus. The Captors tranfmit to the Judge of the oftr^ng, ar.A High Court of Admiralty all Papers found on board them, ^"^"^'^""""^^ whereupon the Pro(^tor to the Crown, in the faid Court, home and a- takes out Monitions, to call all Perfons pretending Intercit I'road. in the Ships and Goods, to fliew Caufe why the fame Ihould not be condemned as lawful Prize ; which being done, the Proprietors, on the other hand, put in their Claim, accord- ing to the regular Courfe, and thereupon, after a full Hear- ing, the Ship is either cleared or condemned, upon Proof legally and judicially made ; and after fuch Adjudgment in the High Court of Admiralty, no Claims can be admitted otherwife than before the Lords of Appeals, who have often heard fuch Cafes, and reverfcd the Judgment. But if their Lordfliips decree a Reltitution, and the Claimers to pay the Expences of the Law, they, and not the Court of Admi- ralty, ought to adjudge the fame to be paid. And as to the Trial of Prizes in the fVeJI-hidies, it was, in the begin- ning of the Reign of King IViU'tam., propofed by Sir Charles Hedges., then Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, as al- fo by his Majelty's Attorney and Solicitor General, that the d Lord p R E F A C E. A Vriz.e taktn m Port. An Englifti Ship of War retaken lejore carried into Port, after two Tears in the Enemy's Pof- ftjfiori. A Merchant Shif retaken iy a Ship «/ War. The releaftng 4 ship after file is taken. Lord High- Admiral, or Commiffioners of the Admiralty, fhould (as they are at this time) be inverted with the like Power in Ireland, and all the foreign Plantations, as they had in England ; as alio that a Claule might be inferted in their Patents, empowering them to give Authority to the refpeftive Vice- Admirals there, or the Judges of thofe Courts, to take Cognizance of Prizes. Belides which, an Article was added to the Inftruftions to the Commanders of Priva- teers, giving them liberty to carry their Prizes to any Place where there fhould be a Court of Admiralty, whereby, and by the Vice- Admirals their taking out Patents under the Great Seal of the High Court of Admiralty, they were fuf- ficiently empowered to condemn Prizes in their refpeftive Courts. 8. In cafe a Prize is aftually taken in Port, the Captor hath a Right to no more than the Crown, or the Lord High-Admiral fliall think reafonable, the fame being a Perquifite of Admi- ralty, if the Crown doth not referve it to itl'elf. 9. If a Ship of the Royal Navy of Great Britain happens to be taken by an Enemy, and is retaken by another Britijh Ship of War before fhe can be carried into Port, or theE- nemy's Fleet, the Captors have a Right to no other Reward than what the Crown fhall think fit. 10. If a Britijh Ship, or aVeflel of War, happens to be taken by an Enemy, and to be re-taken after Hie hath been up- wards of two Years in their Pofleflion, there is no legal Courfe of returning her into the Service of the Crown, other- wife than by buying her, when condemned, of the Commiffi- oners for Prizes, when fuch a Commiflion is fubfifling, or of the Captors, when the whole is given unto them by the Crown, . If a Ship or Veilel, belonging to the Subjeds of Great Bri- tain, is retaken from an Enemy by any of our Ships of War, the Owners ought to pay one eighth part for Salvage, with- out any regard to the time fhe was in the Enemy's Poflef- lion, which Salvage, or part thereof, as the Crown hath thought tit, hath been bellowed on thofe who retake the Ship ; but in Itriftnefs the whole is a Perquifite of Admi- ralty, when the Crown doth not referve the fame to itfelf. iz. If the Captain of a Ship of War of Great Britain feizes any Ship or Vellel of an Enemy, and releafes her after tak- ing out part of her Loading, he is guilty of an high Mifde- meanour, and Breach of Trull, and may be punifhed for the fame in the Court of Admiralty, by a Court Martial, or in the Exchequer, and the Otfender may be incapacited, fined, or imprifoned : Nay the Punifliment may be Death at a Court Martial , or if tryed by a Commiffion of Oyer and Termi- ner, according to the fixteenth Paragraph of the Statute of the thirteenth of King Charles the Second. But as to the Trial in the Exchequer, it mull be by Information, where the II p R E F A C E. the Offender incurs the Penalty of 5-00/. togethrr with the Lois of his Share, according to the Privateer Ac}. Yet if a Ship h taken from an Enemy, and Ihe fhall appear to be fo di!ab]cd b'' the Captors, as that ihey-flia!l have no hopes of bringing her into Port, ihe may be juftifiably ran- fomed. 13. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports hath no Right to The Right of Wrecks, if chafed on fliore within his Jurifdidion by Ships %[^''jf'" ''^' of War, or Privateers; nor hath he a Power exclufive to Pons IT to the Lord High- Admiral in the 'Do'-j^jus, or any other Place, 'tv"'-^. i<-<^- which is elleemed the ufual Rendezvous, Road, Harbour, or Station of Ships of the Royal Navy ; not but that he hath Admiralty Jurifdidion within the Limits of the Cinque Ports ; but how far thofe Limits extend hath not been decided, though often difputed. And although there be a concurring Jurildidion, yet the Lord Warden may have an exclufive Right to wrecked Goods taken up within the Limits of the aforefaid Ports : But if fuch Goods happen to be taken up by Officers under the Lord High-Admiral, the Lord War- den ought to fue for them in the High Court of Admiralty. And when any Droits are feized by the Officers of the Cinque Ports within their Limits, and liappen afterwards 10 be wrelted from them by the Officers of the Admiralty, or Ships of War, they ought to be reltored to the Officers of the Cinque Ports ; but by no means is it proper for the Lord High- Admiral to order Commanders of Ships of War to affift in the Execution of the Warrants of the Lord Warden , be- caufe it derogates from his own Authority andjurifdidion. 14. If an Enemy's Ship is chafed by a Britijh Ship of War, ^ ship pa-^ and ftrikes to her, but happens to be taken and poffefled '"i'shi-!^"/ by any Ship of War belonging to a Prince or State in Alii- war, hurta- ance with his Majefly, which lies tairly in the way, and fuch ^'" 'y* 'f Prize is brought into any Port of Great Britain, a Warrant "" "■'' iliould iflue out of the High Court of Admiralty to arrell her at the Suit of the Crown ; but if flie is carried into Holland, or any Place in Alliance with his Majefty, the Com- miffioners for Prizes (when fuch a Commiffion is fubfilHng) ihould have notice of it, and they, and the Captors, pro- fecute for the King's, and their own Interefl: therein, before the Admiralty, where the Prize is carry'd in. 15. When a Difpute happens betv/een a Vice- Admiral of one Difputi be of the Maritime Counties of this Kingdom, and a Lord o^' ''J",^-,J'/'"„} a Mannor relating to Wrecks, a Suit ought to be commenced the'To'rd of a in the High Court of Admiralty, in order to condemn the Mannor abo»t Goods as a Perquiiite of the Lord High- Admiral, which '^"''"'"' will oblige the Lord of the Mannor to produce his Title ; and the Lord High- Admiral's Proftor is the proper Perfon to concern hnnfelf in, and manage that Affair. p.ngiinimen i<>. If during War a Veffel be fitted out as a Privateer in an /'?'^"'5 "'» Enemy's Dominions, and is manned with Englijh Men, g^^^f ^^-''^^ d X with i'newij. R E F A C E. Letter! of Al.irjiie, or Reprii.nl, granted in time of Peace. Perfini ferv- Dig in ships tinder the Commilfun of the Lite Ki>i^ J.imes to de- fpoil the Peo- ple of Ens,- land. A Perfon kilt- ed by accident upon fainting. A i'cijon t^n- detr.ncd by a Court Martial for Mutiny, for Crimes committed in remote Parti, Hoiv Marii.t officers and Soldiers may he tried for '. Crimes torn' mitted. with a CommilTion IVom the Enemy, fuch Perfons, if ta- ken, ought to be puniihcd as Traitors, but if no Commif- lion can be produced, their Crime will be adjudged Pi- racy. 17. Letters of Marque, orReprizals (which are as effeftual as any oihers) have been often granted in time of fettled Peace, and arc allowed by the Lav/ of Nations ; for as they do not depend on the Civil Law, fo whenfoever a Prince, or any of his Subjeds have received Damage from another Prince, or from his Subjeds, and fatisfadion having been demand- ed, the fame hath been refufed, or unreafonably delayed, fuch Letters of Marque or Reprizals may be granted, with- out Violation of the Treaties fubliiting between fuch two Princes. 18. In the Year 1691, the then Attorney and Solicitor Gene- ral declared it to be their Opinions, that any Perfons, Sub- jefts of England, who fnould take CommiiTions under the late King James, to fei/e any Ships or Velfels belonging to ^w^/z/Z? Subjeds, and, by virtue thereof, fliould plunder and rob them, and commit Outrages as Pirates, they might be proceeded againfl according to the Statute of the twenty eighth of H. 8. Ch. 15. by Commiilion under the Great Seal, to be direded to the Lord High-Admiral, or his Lieu- tenant, or Deputy, and fuch others as fhould be named therein. They alio conceived the fame to beTreafon with- in the Statute of the twenty fifth of Ed. 3. as being an ac- tual levying War againit the Crown of England, and the Offence to be the fame as if Perfons, by CommiiRon of the like Nature, had landed in England, and committed open Hoililities upon the Subjefts thereof. 19. If any one belonging to a Merchant Ship, coming under the Stern of a Ship of War to falute, happens, by firing a Shot into her, to kill any Perfon, he is to be tried at an Admi- ralty Seffions, but in the mean time may be admitted to Bail. zo. If a Court Martial condemns any Perfon for Mutiny, the faid Court hath Power to award Execution, even in the nar- row Seas ; but if they fubmit the Time and Place to the Lord High- Admiral, his Pleafure ought to be fignified there- in. And if a Court Martial awards a Fine to the ufe of the Cheft at Chatham, theTruftees being thereby inveited with it, the fame cannot be remitted. Likewife if a Court Mar- tial gives Sentence of Death in the narrow Seas for a Crime committed in remote Parts, although the Intention of the Ad be to prevent haity Executions, yet, if the Commander in Chief gives Orders for its being done, the purpofe of the Statute is anfwered. a I. As to the Regimented Maritime Officers and Soldiers, they cannot, for Offences committed on fhore, be punifhed by a Court Martial of Sea Officers, although they receive their Commif- pR E F A C E. Commiilions from, and are under the immediate diredi- ons of the Lord High- Admiral ; but they may be tried and puniihed by a W arrant from the Crown, directed to their chief Oiliccr, or any other appointed by fuch Warrant, ac- cording to the Articles of War for Land Soldiers ; and for Offences at Sea, they may be tried at a Court Martial, as Sea Officers and Mariners are. 11. By the Act for regulating the Navy, or Ships of \^^ar, a Per- -Defeners fon defcrting from a Ship whereunro he belongs, maybe ('■'"'' '>'' ^a- tricd for the laid Oilencc, although the Ship from which he ''^^'' ^'"^'' fo deferted be paid off and difcharged ; for the Aft doth not make any Diilinftion, or limit the Jurifdiftion given by it. And as there are feverer Puniihments in the aforefaid Aft than what are ordained in the Sea Laws, which are prin- cipally for the Governm.ent of Merchant Ships, fo without fuch a particular Aft, Offenders of this kind might efcape unpunillied. 23. The Number of Officers of which a Court Martial is to ^'■'■n>t^r of coniill is not limited by the Aft, in Cafes which are not ca- '^£^k"a 'court pital ; but in capital Cafes fuch Court ihould not confill of Mamai. lefs than five Captains. X4. If Perfons ferving at Sea are fentenced to Death by a Court The pardc- Martial, and the Crown fliall afterwards extend Pardon to '"•? "^ Pcrfom them, a Court Martial may be fummoned, where the Cri- TcllT/llat- minals pleading the faid Pardon, the Court may decree them fi^i. to be difcharged ; but this hath been frequently done in a general Pardon, or a particular one under the Great Seal, or under the Royal Signet and Sign Manual. ij. A Court Martial, held accordmg to the Statute of King a coun Mar- Charles the Second, hath Power to incapacitate, in Cafes ''"'/""y wca- where the manner of Punirtiment is not expreflly and pofi- ^cen."'" '^^' lively dircfted by the faid Aft, but left to the Dilcretion of the Court ; and Officers fo incapacited ought not to be employed again without Direftions from the Crown. 26. Any Perfon in the Service of the Crown who Ihall give p«»'.*f' « ftilfe Intelligence of the Enemy's Fleet, or any P'oreigner do- li'/^J' ing the fame, may be profecuted as a Spy by a Court Mar- tial ; and a Native, not in the Service, may be articled a- gainft in the Court of Admiralty, and be fined and im- prifoned, 17. No Prifoner at War is fubjeft to any Aftion for what he a Prifomr at doth by virtue of the Commiflion of that Prince whofe Sub- '^'"■• jeft he is. z8. In cafe a Perfon belonging to one Ship is accidentally APtrfinat- killed on firing Guns, as a Salute, from another, and theWi- ['■ll'V^'^^ , dow of the Perfon fo flain , after Trial at an Admiralty i^/o/aum. ' Seflions, defigns to profecute elfewhere for Damages, it ought to be in her own Name, by way of a Civil Aftion : But the Maritime and Civil Laws will , in fuch cafe, allow Damages p R E F A C E. The Mafier of n hire' ^hip caniiot be t> •- td by a Court Martial. A Priforierfor High Ir^af.n. An A6lton in the Court o) Aiimiialty a- g.iiiifl a Sea Ojjlcer. Refcuers ofde- Jtrting Sea- men. A Prize tahea by a Captain of a Priv.itier who alien hit Shif. Trenfonablt Words fftken at Sea. How Pirates »r Robbers are tried at home. Pirates Goods are Perqi4ifites cf the Adml- rahy. Pir4i,es may be tried, a- bread. Damages againlt thofe through whofe Negled or Care- lelhefs the Accident happened ; and if it cannot be fixed on particular Perfons who are retponiible, the Maiter and the Ship will be liable. 29. The Mailer of a Merchant Ship hired by Charter Party to carry publick Provifions, or Stores, cannot, for breach thereof, be tried at a Court Martial, becaufe he is not in adual Service or Pay in the Fleet as a Ship of War. 30. A Priibner againll whom a Bill is found for High Treafon, for Crimes committed on the Seas, cannot be admitted to bail. 31. If an Aftion, either Civil or Maritime, be commenced a- gainil any Sea-OfHcer in the High Court of Admiralty, and he gives in bail, it ought not to interrupt his going to Sea. 31. Thofe who refcue deferting Seamen, ought for their Of- fence to be tried at an Admiralty Seilions, Information up- on Oath being firlt made ; and they may be committed by Warrant from the Court of Admiralty. 33. If a Mailer of a Merchant Ship takes out a Letter of Marque, and, being in foreign Parts, meets with a Ship more fit for his purpofe, and with her takes feveral Prizes by vir- tue of the faid Letter of Marque, thofe Prizes will, upon Trial, be condemned as Perquifites of the Admiralty, but fome Allowance be made to the Captor for his Service. 34. If any Perfon belonging to a Ship of War fpeak on board fuch Ship treafonable Words againft the Government, they may be tried and puniflied by a Court Martial, for offend- ing againll the nineteenth Article of the Statute of King Charles the Second. 3f. When Piracies, or Robberies are committed on the Seas, and the Offenders are taken, they are tried at an Admiralty Seflions, by a CommilTion of Oyer and Terminer under the Great Seal, at which Trials fome of the Judges of the Com- mon Law affill ; and if the Lord High- Admiral, or the Commiflioners for executing that Office, are prefent in Court, he, or they prefide, otherwife the Judge of the High Court; of Admiralty, who, in either Cafe, gives Sen- tence. 36. All Ships and Goods taken from Pirates are Perquifites be- longing to the Lord High- Admiral, in cafe the Crown doth not referve them to itfelf, whofe Advocate and Proftor ought to proceed againll them in the Court of Admiralty, and obtain Sentence for Condemnation. },y. If Pirates are taken abroad, and carried to any of his Majelly's Foreign Governments, they may be properly and legally tried by the Admiralty Courts there, by virtue of a Commiffion under the Great Seal empowering the proper - Officers of fuch Courts to do the fame. 38. II p R E F A C E. 38. If a Merchant Ship, after her being taken, and legally con- -^ Pnze demned as good Prize, be bought by the Subjeds of ano- ^""A'" ^^ '*' ther Prince, ihe is not lei/able by the Law of Nations ; or Tot'h^rVrinc't. if feizcd, ihe ought to be reltored to the Purchafers ; but if Ihe fliall not be condemned, thofe who buy fuch Ship have no Right to her. 39. If Xclfels be taken by Pirates, Sea-Rovers, or others ivf^/; ^t^^i who have not lawful (^ommillions , they can have no juft ^> ■P"-"'". Property in them ; and if retaken , they ought to be re- ltored to their Owners, upon due Proof of their Title to them. 40. If the Lord High- Admiral fufpefts that any Ship belong- a ship fu- ing to his Majefty's Subjects is going on an unjulUtiable De- fp"^^^^'^ ""ly be fign, he may, before Ihe is permitted to proceed, caufe the IZutdml"' Judge of the High Court of Admiralty to take fufficient bail of her Owners for the good Behaviour of her Ma- iler and Men ; and even the Judge himfelf may caufe her to be detained, if, upon Information, 4ie ihall deem it rea- fonable. 41. If a Warrant is iflued out of the High Court of Admi- AWarram- ralty for arreting a Merchant Ship or Veirel, and Refiitance '!I'"'d f- the faid Arrell to the Commander of one of his Majelly's Ships of War, he ought to afliil; them in the Execution. 42. All Sentences in Civil ahd Maritime Cafes in the Planta- sentences in tions are, upon Appeals from thence, to be determined by ^'^'' ""^ the High Court of Admiralty here, and upon failure of Ju-/,,%'Xp/a^l itice in the faid Court, the final Determination is in the Court tatiom. of Delegates. But in the Cafe of Prizes, the Appeal lies di- redly from the Courts of Admiralty in the Plantations to the Lords of the Council, as hath been already obferved. 43. If thejurifdidlion of the Admiralty Ihould be infringed in infringement any of his Majelty's foreign Governments by the Courts of "f Admiralty Common Law, in Cafes purely cognizable in the Courts by%!cfeat of the Pcrfiaus, and burning their Fleet at the Tromontory Mycale. p, 48 Chap. III. Of the Naval JVars of the Grecians in Sicily with the Carthagi- nians, then in Alliance with the Perfians. p. 57 C H A p. IV. Of the Naval IVars of the Grecians, from the Defeat of the Per- fians at Mycale, to the ViBory obtained over them by Cimon at Euryraedon, and the 'Peace that enfiied thercufon. p. 59 C H A p. V. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the Teace with Pcrfia after the Battel of Eurymedon, to the beginning of the Pelo- ponnefian War. p. 6^ Chap. VI. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the beginning of the Pelnponncdan ITar, to the great Expedition of the Atheuijns againji Sicily. p. 6^ Chap. VII. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the great Exf edition againji Con TENT S. ai-ituH Siciiy by the Athenians, to their utter 'Defeat in that ijland by. tf^e Syvacalans. p. 77 Crap. VIII. Of the Naval JFnrs of the Grecian?, from the Overt hrotv of the Athenians /// Sicii\', to the Viciory obtained over thtvi hy Ly- fandcr the vSparran General at iEgofpotamos, and the End of the Pcloponncfian IFar, P- oj C H A p. IX. Of the Naval JVars of the Grecians, from the end of the Pelo- poniicfian JFar, to the begiJ27ting of the Macedonian Grcatnefs tinder King Philip. p. 92, Chap. X. Of the Naval IVars of the Grecians, from the begin r.ing of the Macedonian Grcatnefs tinder King Phihp to the'\Deatb cath f?/" Alexander the Great, to the Reduction cf Macedonia to the Obedience of the Romans. p. lof C H A P. XII. Of the Naval Wars of the Carthaginians, from the Foundation of their City, to their firji War with the Romans ; wherein are alfo contained thofe of the Syraculans. P- 113 Chap. XIII. Of the Naval Wars of the Roman?, from their firjl vigorous Ap- plication to the Sea in the firjl Punic War., to the ConcUifioii of the f aid War. P^^9 Chap. XIV. Of the Naval Wars of the Romans, from the Conclujion cf the firji Punic Jl^ar^ to the end of the j'econd. p. IZ9 C H A p. XV. Of the Naval Wars of the Romans, from the end of the fecond Punic War., to the beginning of the firji 'Yn\.\\ws\xn.c. ^■^^'^ C H A p. XVI. Of the Naval JVars of the Romans, froyn the begintiing of the firji Triumvirate, to the Tfcath' of ]\i\\\is Cxlar. p. 151 Chap. XVII. Of the Naval Wars of the Romans , from the "Death of Julius Ca:far, to the Battel c/Aftium, and the Ejiablijljment of the Empire by Au'jj^iiiias. P- 1<54 e z Chap. Co N T E N T S. Chap. XVIII. Of the Naval JVars of the Romans , from the Eftablijhment of the Empire by Auguftus, to the T)ijffblution thereof by the Ir- ruptions of the barbarous Nations. p. \j^ BOOK III. Containing an Account of the moft remarkable Naval Tranfadions of all Nations that, fince the Ruin of the Roman Empire, have been confiderable at Sea^ and, among them, of the Englt/h down to the Re- volution in the Year 1688. Chap. I. Of the Naval Wars of the Goths. p. 183 Chap. II. Of the Naval JVars of the Saracens. p. 188 Chap. III. Of the Naval Wars of the Normans. p- 193 C h A p. IV. Of the Naval Wars Richard Haddock, il/r. Kil- legrew, and Sir John Alhby) their ^Proceeding '■^ith the Fleet to Ireland, and Return from thence. p. 4x8 Chap. VI. Sir Cloudefly Shovell'j Proceedings on the Coafl of Ireland with a. Squadron under his Command. P-43i Chap. Vll. Admiral RuflcllV Troceedings in the Soundings in fearch of the French Fleet \ isi^ith what happened till the Reduction of Ire- land, p. 43 3 Chap. VIII. Captain Lawrence Wright fent with a Squadron of Ships to the Wcft-lndics ; with an Account of what happened in thofe Tarts during the Time of his Command, and that of Captain Ralph Wren. P-4>i Chap. IX. An Account of Admiral Rufl~eirj engaging the French Fleet off of La Hogue, and of what happened till the Time of his coming on Jhore. P-4<5i Chap. X. Sir Francis Whclcr'j- Troceedings with a Squadron and Land Forces^ to and from the Weft- Indies. p. 477 Chap. XI. The Troceedings of Mr. Killegrevv, Sir Cloudefly Shovell, and Sir Ralph Delaval, joint Admirals of the Fleet in the Chanel and Soundings ; and of Sir George Rooke his falling in with the French Fleet in Lagos Bay. p. 480 Chap. XII. An Account of Sir Francis Wheler'j Troceedings to the Mediterra- nean, to the Time of his unfortunate Lofs, and what happened afterwards. p. ^5,0 Chap. I Con TENTS. Chap. XIIL Admiral RufTcil'j Proceedings with the Fleet in the Chanel, w/V/i nn Account of the Attempt made on Bred , and other French To'-ji.'iis. P 49$" Chap. XIV. A'l Account of Admiral P.ufTJl'j- T^roceedings '■^ith the Fleet in the Mediccrrancan, to the Time of his Return to England, p. 504" Chap. XV. An Account of Sir George Rookc's proceeding ivith a Squadron of Ships as far as the Bay eathy when the Command devolved on Rear-Admiral Whetftone. p.J90 Chap. VI. An Account of Sir William WhetftoneV, Captain Hovcndcn Wal- ker'/ , and Vice-Admiral Graydon'j Troceedings in the Weft- Indies p. 5-5,9 Chap. I Con TENTS. Chap. VIF. The Earl of Pembroke, Lord High-Jldmiral, fends fotne SInps to bring the EJfecis of the Englilh Merchants from Cadiz, u-Poii Sujpicion of a War : With the then Naval Preparations of the French. p. 607 Chap. VIII, Sir John Munden'j ^Proceedings for intercepting a Squadron of French Shifs bound to the Groyne, and thence to ^/j-^ Wefl;-Ii3 Chap. XXIL The Lord DurfleyV Proceedings with a Squadron in the Soundings, and of fever al French Ships taken during his Lord/hip's Com- manding there. p- 72.0 Chap. XXIIL Sir John Norrisy^;;? with a Squadron for intercepting fime French Ships of IVar, and Merchant Ships with Corn from the Baltick. p. 716 Chap. XXIV. • Sir Cloudefly ShovcU'j Proceedings tOy in, and from the Mediter- ranean ; with the beating of our Army in Spain. The nnfuc- cefsful Attempt on Thoulon by the P)uke of Savoy, and the bombarding of that Place foon after ; together with the Lofs of Sir Cloudefly Shovel!, and feveral of our Ships on the Iflands o/Scilly. p. 718 Chap. XXV. Rear-Admiral Dilkes bis Proceedings while be commanded in the Mediterranean ; as alfo of the Lofs of Lcrida. p. 734 Chap. Con TENTS. Chap. XXVI. An Account of Sir SrafTord FairbornV Expedition to the River Shcr- ranc; as alfo of his 'Proceedings ijuith a Squadron ojf of Oiicud, •x-hen part of our Army laid fie ge to that Place \ and of tvhat 'Was done by Sir Thomas Hardy in the Soundings. p. j^j Chap. XXVII. A Relation of Sir George Byng'j- Proceedings Northward after a Squadron of French Ships that failed from Dunkirk, with the Pretender, and a Body of Land-Forces which were intended to land m Scotland. p. -^o Chap. XXVIII. Sir John Leake'j Proceedings with the Fleet in the Mediterranean. His landing the ^leen of Spain and Troops at Barcelona. The Surrender rovement of shipping. Sy Noah'x Defcendanti. Pclcg. Of people who have flour'ijljed Book I. them it would not have been poHlble for the Poflcrity of Adam to have taken Poflelfion of the different Parts of the Earth which God had allotted for their Habitation. If that Knowledge had not been necefTary for carrying on this great Defigu of Providence, the in- hah'tt'ing of the Earthy and we were to llippofe, with the Heathens, that the People of each Country were Aborigines ., and produced ouc of the feveral Soils wherein they dwcll'd, we cannot rcaibnably imagine they could long continue ignorant of ibme Materials pro- per to waft them on the Water, fuch as Floats of Rufties, Wood, or the like, to the Ufc of which they muft needs have been foon induced, by obferving the Quality of the Water in bearing up things of that kind, swhich the {welling of Rivers , or other vari- ous Accidents, might have forced thereinto. To fuppole the Uic of fo fmall a Part of Navigation before the Flood, will in no wile be derogatory from the Account given thereof in Scripture, nor leave room for obje lels for Tranfoortation. Chap. II. Of the Impyovemerits in Navigation and Naval Ajf airs by the /Egyptians, Phoenicians, and AflTyrians. IN the facred Writings we have no more Footfl:eps of the Pro- Navigation grefs of Navigation till the time o^ Solomon, wherefore we mufl; /'""^■'J '""- now have recourle to profane Hiftory. Heathen Antiquity doth "^'^ ' generally attribute to ihcjEgyptians the Invention of Arts and Sci- r. By the je- enccs, and among them that of Navigation : But as the Greek and syp''^"^. Roman Authors were unacquainted with the Writings oi Mofes, we need not wonder at their aicribing that Honour to thole who were but Improvers of it ; however, we may from thence rcafonably conclude that the yEgyptians did indeed make confiderabic Difcove- ries therein. Their Situation was as advantagious as poffibly it could be for the Advancement of this Knowledge, for all the Ealtcrn Shores of their Country were walhed by the Red Sea, and the Nor- thern by the Mediterranean. IJis, who reigned in Egypt with her if|s. Husband OJiris, about the Year of the World 1130, and afterwards engroflxd a confiderabic Part of theWorfliip of the "EagafiWoAd under the different Names of IJis, Gybele, and Ceres, among other her Inventions is faid to have firft taught the Ufc of Sails. She was thought alfo, in a peculiar manner, to prefidc over the Sea, whence it became a Cuflom for fuch as had been lixvcd from Ship- wreck, to have the Circumftances of their Adventure rcprefcnted in a Picture, which was hung up in her Temple, as an Acknowledg- ment of their Obligation to her for their Deliverance ; in like man- ner as is pradiled at this Day in Popifli Countries at the Shrines of their Tutelary Saints. Tacitus lays the Suevi, a People of ancient Suevi. Germany, worfliippcd her in the Form of a Ship : And as there arc now in the Hands of the Curious, Aigyptian Medals flruck by the Emperor y////^« the Apoflate, wherein Ihc is placed in a Ship, lb are there alfo feveral Figures where flie is reprelcntcd with one in her Hand. T^liny tells us the firft Ship which was iccn in Greece was that in which 'Danaus came thither iiom. jEgypt, before which Danaus. time, fays he, only Floats were ufed, invented by King Erythras Erythras. among the Iflands of the Red Sea. To thefc might be added many B 2 other 4 Of People who have flo:rnfljed Book other Authorities, but thus much will fufficc to Ibew that Heathen Writers have given to the /Egyptians the Honour of this Invention. But tho' their Situation was equally coimnoJious for navigating both to the Eaft and Well, yet they Iccm to have been more par- ficulaily intent on the former, and made frequent Voyages to the Southern Coafts of ylrahia, ^Perf'a, India, and China, as well on account of Wars as TraiTick, cfpccially after the famous Expedition Sefoftris. o? ScfoJIris, one of their Kings *, to thole Countries, who with a numerous Army reduced the In-land Parts to his Obedience, wiiile his Fleet from the Red Sea, confiding of about 400 Ships, fubdued the maritime Coafts. Thefe People, i\\c Aigyptians, were willing probably to refign 2. Bj the theWeftern Navigation to the Thanicians, who, by realbu of their Phcenicians, JV^jghbourhood and Intercourfe with them, imitated and at length far exceeded them in this Art. ThcThwuicians were the firft who attempted to iail by Night, and applied the Knowledge of the Stars to Navigation, which they improved to the carrying on a vafl Trade to CreecCy and other Pares of the European as well as African fide who LhU.i of the Mediterranean. Their capital Cities Tyre and Sidon, were for many Ages the moft flourilliing Emporiu7ns oi Afia. It was to = Con(i,inti- Colonies of the former that ' Byzantimn, the Grecian '^ Thebes, "Ttives " Leptls, '^ Byrfa, And' Utica, owed their Foundations. Thefe c Tripoiy in People were fo hardy as to venture out on the Atlantic Ocean, B^rbary, where they built ' Gades, mada ieveral Settlements along the We- e BjTcna"^' ^^""^ Coall oi Spain, and failed as far as the CaJJiterides Iflands, f Cadiz. ' whither, after their firft Difcovcry, they made frequent Voyages for Lead and Tin ; which they carried into the Mediterranean , and Anci difcover gained iramenfc Riches by thofe ufeful Commodities. By the CaJ/i'- 'de ^o!^%T f^^^'^^^-' ^"^^^ learned Men are of Opinion were underftood, in thofc i\(l\ ipnJs. Times of remote Antiquity, our Britijh Iflands, or at leaft as much of them as was known ; which 'tis iuppofed were the Iflands of Scilly, and Weftern Parts of England, as Cornrji'all, 'Devonjhire, and Somerfetjh'ire, where thoib Metals arc in liich great Plenty. When the Phoenicians had once adventured out of the Mediter- ranean, they, not content with their Difcoveries in Europe, lailed And Atlantic fouthward in the Atlantic Ocean, along the Shores of Africa, and ^"'"'' . built feveral Towns on that Coaft. Their Reputation for maritime Affairs induced feveral Princes of other Nations to employ them in their Service : They were of great Ulc to the Ajjyrian and Terfian Emperors in their Naval Wars with Greece, and other Countries ; Employed by AuA Hcrodotfis tells us, thzt Ncco, King oi j^gypt, after he had laid Pharoah Ne- afidc his Projedt of cutting a Canal from the Kile to the Red Sea, "^°" fent out fome Phoenicians to make Difcoveries; who failing from that Sea, launched into the Southern Ocean, where, when Autumn came on, they landed in Libya, lowed Corn, and flayed till it was ripe, whence, having got in their Harvcfl, they departed; and when they had been abfcnt two Years, arrived the third \\\Mgypt, byway E strtiihti of of the 8 Pillars of Hercules : They reported, fays he, what who- Gibraltar. •' *■ ' J • * Vid. Diod. Sic. f. 28, 19. a shi^ 280 CHlUt long. Chap. II. at Sea in all Ages. ib uill may believe for rac, that, in their PaHagc about ./^vV^?, they had the Sun on their Right Hand ; and in this manner, he goes Qn, \\2sL\b'ia firft known. Which, by the by, .is an ample Tcftimony that the Cape oi Good Hope was known, and doubled by the An- cafecf Cood. dents, and that too, long before the Time oi Ha?ino the Cart ha- h°p<^- ginian, whom we Ihall have occafion hereafter to mention in his proper Place. Thelc People were not lefs powerful in a Naval Force, than ex- pert in Navigation , being reckoned in the Lift Eiijeb'ins has gi- ven us of thole Nations who uiurped the Dominion of the Sea ; Tyrians, vc, and ^ijiiitiis Curt ins lays of the City of Tyre^ that for a long time it held in Subjedtion not only the neighbouring Seas, but thole alfo whcrelbevcr its Fleets were lent. Whence a Tjrian Sea became a proverbial Exprelfion for any Sea pofl'efied in Inch a manner, as that a free Navigation in it was not allowed without the Conlent of the oidTyre(/«- Lord , or Proprietor thereof That City in a 111 ore time ecliplcd ^'^''^'''' the Glory of J/Wo;/, of which it was at firft: a Colony, and conti- nued in a flourilhing Condition feveral Ages, its Inhabitants abound- ing in the Wealth and Riches of the then known World, till they drew upon themlelves the Diipleafure oi Nebttcbaduezzar King of ^^Nebuchad- Babylou, who after a Siege of thirteen Years took the City, and ""^^"^ ' levell'd it with the Ground. The Tyrians who were iaved from this Dcftrudtion, rebuilt their City in a neighbouring Illand, about a Mile from the Shore, which '""^ .New foon acquired the Reputation of the ancient Tyre, and at length ^^^ exceeded it. It continued in this Profperity till the Time o^i Ale- ^y Alexander." xander the Great, who, after a Siege of feven Months, utterly de- ftroyed ir, and fold 30000 of its Inhabitants into Slavery. There is no doubt to be made that the Thanicians had a confl- derablc Sea Force, as hath bccnalledged; otherwifc they could not have cftablilhed the Icveral Colonies we are afTurcd they did, and have dirpofic/red the Inhabitants of thole Places they chofc to fettle in : But the firft Naval Armament we read of in Hiftory, is that of AiTyrians/r/? the Ajfyrians under their Queen Sem'tramis. That Priucefs being '^^rtammu engaged in an Expedition for adding India to her Empire, caufed to Semiramis be built in Baf/riana, an Inland Province of her Dominions, two thoufand VcfTcls with brazen Beaks, which were formed in fu;:h man- .ner as to be carried in Parts Over-land by Camels to the River Indus, invadeilnixi. where they were to be joined together and made uib of Though this Fleet was thus numerous, we cannot conceive any great Idea of its Force, the Vcflcls of which it confiftcd being doubtlcls but very fmall, fince they were carried Overland in the manner before-men- tioned. The King oi Indid, to oppolc rhelc Preparations, had got- y-^gf"^"' ten together u[ion the lame River 4000 VcfiTels, formed of a kind of Reed which grew there in great Plenty. Thelc numerous Fleets came at length to an Engagement, wherein the y/Jlyrians obtained the Vi- (Story, finking a thoulimd of the other's VclTcls ; but palfing the River, they were brought to a Battel aihorc, wherein they received r.nt bcaun at a total Defeat from the Indian King, and Semiramis was obliged to ^"" ' return precipitately iato her own Dominions. But wc muft not ,«;;,«. omit, Of People rvho have ftotirijljed Book I. omit, for the Honour of the Tboenicians, that they were of the Number (and probably the greatelt part) of thofe who were em- ployed on board Sem'tramis's Fleet, the reft being Syrians, ALgyp- tiausy CypriotSy and Cilicians, with other the maritime Inhabitants of J/ia Minor y as far as the HcUeJpont. 3. By the Greeks. Thtir Naval Armaments. Argonauts. Tarteffus. 4. By the Cretans. Minos reduces the Carians, And Cyclades. Plants Colo- nies. His Naval Sattels. 5. By thehy- dians, vc Pelafgi. Thracians. RhodiaiiJ. ' Chap III. Of the Greeks in general^ and thofe among them and the neighbouring Nations ^ ivho held the Dominion of the Sea^ according to Eufebius'.? Catalogue. FROM ^gypt and Thcenicia ihtGreeks learned thcLefTons of Navigation, and challenged to themfclves the Honour of fe- veral Improvements therein. They (cem to have applied themfelves more to the making it lerviceable in War than Traffick, or voyaging to diftant Countries to make Difcoveries, and confined their Navi- gation to the Mediterranean Sea ; out of which we do not read they lb much as once ventured before the Time of Colaus the Sa- mian, 600 Years after the Expedition of the Argonauts^ and thea no farther than to Tarteffus^ at the Mouth of the River Baetisy the modern Guadalquivir, where St. Lncar now ftands. In the early Ages oi Greece the maritime People of it, and thofe of the neighbouring Iflands in the Aigean Sea, together with the Carians and 'Phoenicians, pradrifed Piracy, and committed Depre- dations on that Sea and the adjacent Coafts; till Alinos, King of Crete, fitted out a confiderable Fleet, with which he fbon reduced them. This Prince became fb confiderable as to make himlelf ab- folutely Mafter of the Grecian Sea, that is, that part of thc^gean which is between Crete and Grcccia propria, reducing to his Obe- dience the Iflands Cyclades fituate therein, planting Colonies in them under the Ccndudt of his Sons , difpoflcfling tTieir piratical and temporary Inhabitants, and keeping a conftant Force cruifing againft the Rovers, for the lafe Conveyance of his Revenues arifing from thofe Iflands to Crete. He is faid to be the firft who fought a Naval Battel, (in the Mediterranean it miift be meant) and is placed at the Head oi EnfebiHs's Catalogue of thofe who were ce- lebrated for their Dominion at Sea ; whom we ihall here mention in the order that Author has tranfmitted them to us. The Cretans, under the Succeflors oi Minos, maintained the Re- putation at Sea which that Prince had acquired for about 175- Years; when the Lydians, or Maonians, a People oi ylfia Minor, became celebrated for their Naval Dominion, and continued fo for about 120 Years. To them fucceeded che Telajgi, a People of Greece, whole Credit lafted 85- Years. After them the Thracians ru'cd at Sea for 89 Years, whofe Succeflors in that Power were the Rho^ dtans, with whom it remained, according to our Author, 23 Years. 4 Next Chap. III. at Sea in all Ages, 7 lans. cra- Ncxt to thcfc are placed the Thrygians, who had Dominion of P^'rysians. the Sea xf Years, abouc the Time oi' Lycjtrgus, and were fucceedcd by the Cypriots, who held it 13. They are followed by the l^hce- Cypriots. nic'ians ; but as Enfebius mentions not how long they were pow- Phcenicians, erful at Sea, lb was it, in my Opinion, Wifely omitted ; for as they were remarkable a great while before any in this Lift mentioned, lb do they dclervc a much higher Place in it. 1\-\cJEgyptia7is, continues the Author, pofleffed the Seas under ylgypti their Kings Pfammis and Bocchoris., who reigned a little before the Beginning of the Olympiads. Thcfe were fucceeded by the Mile- Miiefians, fiatis^ the People of Miletus^ a confiderable City of Ionia -, the Time of whole Superiority is likcwiie omitted : But Stephanus de Urbibus fays, the City oi Naiicratis in Egypt was built by them buUdHin when they were Mafters of the Sea, which was about the Tims of ^'5' Romulus. A Colony of that People alio founded Sinope in Ta- and Sinope. phlagonia, upon the Euxine Sea, which became a City of great Trade, and, as Strabo fays, had the abfolute Dominion of that Sea as far as the Cyanean Iflands, that is, to the Mouth of the Thru- cian Bojpborus, or inner Streights of ConJIantinople, where thole Iflands lie. The Carians, a People olAfia Minor, are the next who arc here Carians, celebrated for their Sea Dominion ; after whom the People of Lesbos, an Ifland of ihtj^gean, obtained the fuprerae Power, which Lefbians. they held for 69 Years ; and were fucceeded in it by the 'Phoc/eans, phocseans, the inhabitants o^'Tbocaa, a City oi JEolis, about the Time of the Babjlonijh Captivity, with whom it continued 44 Years. A Colo- ny of theirs, in the Time of Tarquinius Prifciis, came into the Mouth of the Tyber, entered into Amity with the Romans, and thence went into Ganl and built MaJJilia, the modern Marfeilles. hmiit Maffilia The People ofNaxos, one of the Cyclases Iflands, next obtained Naxians the Dominion of the Sea, which they pofl^efled 10 Years, at the time Cambyfcs was King oiTerJia, when it fell to the Inhabitants of Erefria, a City of the Idand Eubcea, and with them remained Eretdans. 7 Years. The lad: in this Account of Eufebius are the People of .^gina, ilginetans. an Ifland in the Gulf between Athens and Peloponnefus, whofc Na- val Power lafted 20 Years, till 'Darius, the Succefl!or of Cambyfes, fent his Embafliadors to demand Earth and Water of the Cities of Greece, at which time the Aiginetans fubmitted to his Authority. We are not however to fuppole that they were not after this Ma- fters of a Sea Force ; for we find that. in following Times, by rca- fon thereof, and their Neighbourhood to the Athetiians, they became Athenians, fb obnoxious to thofe People, that they cut off the Thumbs of all their cruelty. liich as they took Prifoners, to difable them for fiirther Service at Sea. A barbarous Cruelty ! ivhich tbd" committed under the fpe- cious Pretence of the piibitck Profit, is by Tully, in his Book of Offices, ii) here in he handles that Subjeft, very jufily condcmtied. But of thefe things more at large, when we fiiall come to treat of the Grecian Affairs in particular, which will furnifli out a confide- rable Part of the cnfuiug Hiflory. Chap. 8 Of People who have flourijljed Book I. Chap. IV. Of the Nav'tgat'iom mid Naval Power of the Hebrews un- der David and Solomon. isia^iiation '^/ \ XT^ ^^^ "^'^ ^^ imagine that the Naval Dominion of the People tht Jews. V V ^" ^^^ foregoing Catalogue was fo exteufive as to reach all over the Mediterranean : for, on the contrary, excepting that of the Cyfriots^ Thwnicians, and Mgyfttans, we have reaion to be- lieve it reach'd not farther than in and about the Aigcan Sea ; for during the time that their SuccefTion to each other takes up, wc are affur'd there were other Nations more confiderable at Sea, both in Number and Strength of Ships, than 'ris probable mod of the foreraention'd were. About the time the Telafgt are celebrated for fieerjo/ Da- their Superiority, we read of the great Fleets oi 'David and Solo- •v\& and <,o\o- ^^^^^ which, under the Condud of the ^P/jflfw/V/^/zj, carried on in the Mediterranean, from the Port of Jopfa, the Trade to Tarjhijh tor thole Princes, as they did likewife in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to Ophtr. Alio between the Time that the Dominion of the '\Phocaa}is and Naxians is placed, wc learn from TImcydides Corinthians, j^af ^hc Corinthians and lonians were confiderable at Sea, and im- Samians. mediately after them Tolycrates, Tyrant of Samos, a noted Ifland (Poiycrates of the Mgean., was very potent in that Sea, and reduced fevcral of vide poft.) jj5 iflands to his Obedience, whom therefore 'tis to be wonder'd Eufebiua has omitted in his Account. Of thefe we Ihall take no- tice in the order we have mention'd them. David'i Ri- The Scripture gives us an Account of the immenfe Wealth T)a- cha. vid had amafTcd together for the building of the Temple , who in his Inftrud:ions to his Son Solomon, fays he had prepared for that purpofc an hundred thouiand Talents of Gold, a thoufand thoul'and Talents of Silver, and of Brafs and Iron without Weight ; and in another Place, he, to induce the People to contribute to the Charge, tells them the particular Ufe for which part of it was defigned, viz. three thoufand Talents of the Gold of Ofhir, and fcven thoufand Talents of refined Silver to overlay the Walls of the Houfes ; be- fides which he had the Onyx, and all manner of precious Stones in Abundance. Hoxv di}}oftd. ^^ cannot reafonably fuppofe all his Wealth was defigned for this End, but that there was a very confiderable part made ufe of to de- fray the necefiary Expences of his Government ; yet Jofephus af- liires us that he left behind him more than any Prince of the He- brews, or of any other Nation ever did ; and this appeared from the great Treafure Solomon, in an unufual Strain of Magnificence, bu- Hi- Sepulchre ricd with him in his Sepulchre, which on two fevcral prefllng E- mcrgencies of the State, was, about 1300 Years afterwards opened, and out of it were taken the firfl time 3000 Talents, and the next likewife a very great Sum. The lame Author tells us of the par- '^vlth Hiizm "^icular Intercourle 'David had with Hiram, King of Tyre, and 'tis alfo Chap. IV. at Sea in all Ages. alio plain from him that he had Ports in the Mediterranean Sea ; I'o that we cannot any other way account for his iraraenfe Riches, than by concluding that he did, as well as his Son Solomon^ lend out his Fleets to 'Tarjhijh and O^bir, to import to him the Wealth Mis Fleet, &;c. of thofe Countries. But we need not depend on Conjedlures in this Matter ; for Etipolemm., an ancient Author quoted by Eufebim^ exprclTly fays that he built a Fleet at AchanU^ a City oi Arabia.^ (theEz,ion Gcbcr of the Scripture) which he lent, with feveral ex- pert Miners on board, to '^rphen, an Ifland abounding in Gold, from whence they brought to 'Jndaa great Quantities thereof This 'Vrphen is concluded by the Learned to be the fame as a Digrejfi^n Oph'ir ; but where that Ophir was, they are much divided in Opi- «>""rningO- nion. Jofcpbm fays 'tis the fame as was in his time called The Land '' ^''^' of Gold. Some have thought it to be the Anrca Cherfinejus of 'Pto- lerny, the 'Peuinjula oi India beyond Ganges of the Moderns. Or- telius tells us, that in Vatablus's Bible printed by Robert Stephens^ 'tis faid to be the Ifland Hlfpaniola in America ; that Tojiell/is, Go- ropius^t ^ud Arias Montainis were of Opinion it was the Kingdom of ^Pcru ; but it doth not in the leafl: appear probable to him that it was any Part o'i America ; for that, bcfides the vafl: diflance of that Continent from Jad^a, we never find it produced Elephants, which It mufl have done to have been ihc Ophir o{ Solomon, from whence we read his Ships brought him Ivory. Indeed his Opinion fecms by much the mofl likely to be true, who believes it to be the Eaflern Coa(l o{ Africa, particularly that Part of it which is now called Sofila, a Country abounding in Gold Mines, and whofe In- Sofala. habitants are laid by the Vortnguefe, who difcovered it to the Eu- ropeans in thefc latter Ages , to have Chronicles written in their own Tongue, wherein mention is made oi Solomon's being lupplied every third Vear with Gold from thence. To confirm this Conjedure oi Ortelius's, may be added what mo- dern Travellers relate of a People of the neighbouring Ifland of Madagafcar , term'd Zafe Hibrahim, that is, the Race of A- Madagafcar, braham, and thole of a Imall Ifland adjacent called the Ifle of^""^- Abraham, that they obfcrve the Jewijh Sabbath, and give not on- ly a faint Account of the Creation of the World and Fall of Man, but alio Ibmc bro.xcn PafTagcs of the facrcd Hiflory concerning Noah and Abraham, Mofcs and T)avid. Which People differing thus in Religion from the neighbouring Inhabitants on every fide, who are all Pagans, arc doubtlcls the Defcendants of fome of the Hebrcjus who cither fettled there, or flilTcred Shipwreck in the time of this Intercourfe between Judaa and thole Countries. Authors do not much more agree in their Sentiments about Tar- And Tar- Jhijh, fbmc believing it to be Tarfus in Cilicia, Ibme the City of '^^''^• Carthage, and fome the Mediterranean Sea in general. Others think it was the Tartejfus of profane Authors, w ith which Opinion, in parr, concurs that of the learned Monfieur Huet, who fays Tar- flvf.1 was a general Name for all the Wefteru Coaft of Africa and Spain, and in particular the Country about the Guadalquivir, ve- (Vide ante.) ry fertile in Mines of Silver ; at the Mouth of which River (the C Boetis I o Of People who have flourijhed Book I. JBietis of the Ancients) the City oiTarteffns flood. But to return from this Digreflion. Solomon., according to the fingular Prudence with which he was endued from Heaven, improved the advantagious Circumftances his Father left him in, to the aggrandizing his Kingdom, and increafing the Wealth of his Subjcds. To this purpofe he took care to culti- vate the Friendfliip T>avid had begun with Hiram., King of Tyre., and gave him twenty Cities in the Land of Galilee. By his Aid and AlTiftance he brought into a regular Order the Sea-Force of which his Father had laid the Foundation, and became very intent on purfuing the gainful Voyages to Ophir and Tarjhijh. The Port for the firfl \V3isEzioji-Geber on the Red Sea, and for the latter Jofpa in the Mediterranean. To ' Ezion-Geber the Scripture tells us he went himfelf, and to Joppa, which was almoft in the Neigh- bourhood oijeriifalem, 'tis very probable he did the fame, to give the necefTary Diredions for thofe Expeditions, and encourage his Peo- ple by his Prefence and perfonal Concern in the Preparations. From thofe Countries we read they brought him Gold and Silver, with pre- cious Stones, Almug-Trees, and Ivory; and that theWeightof Gold which came to him in one Year on his own Account, bcfides what he had of the Merchants, of the Kings of Arabia, and the Gover- nors of the Country, was 666 Talents. After the Death of this great Prince, the intcllinc Divifions of his Kingdom, which was rent in two, admitted not of any Opportunity for cultivating their Naval Affairs, which from thence forward totally decUned, notwithftand- Jehofaphat. ing the EfTorts Jehojaphat, one of SuccefTors, made in vain to re- vive them. Solomon'j Navigation and Confede- racy with Hi- ram. His Sea-Ports, Eiion-Geber. » Vide ante- Achanis, and Joppa. The Imports of his fleets, &C. Chap. V. Of the Corinthians, lonians, Polycrates the Tyrant of Samos, the Perfians, Athenians, Lacedemonians, Maf- fihans, Tyrrhenians, Spinetans, and Carthaginians. Jhe Naviga- tion of the Co- iinthians. lonians. Polycrates. WE come next in order to the Corinthians, who, as Thucy- dides tells us, firfl changed the Form of Shipping into the nearefl to thofe in ufe in his time; that at Corinth, 'twas re- ported were made the firfl Gallies of zWGreece ; and that they fur- nifhed themfelves with a confiderable Navy, fcoured the Sea of Pi- rates, and by their Traflick both by Sea and Land mightily encreafed the Revenue of their City. After this, continues he, the lonians in the times of Cyrus, and of his Sou Cambyfesy got together a great Navy, and making War on Cyrus, obtained for a time the Dominion of that Part of the Sea which lieth on their own Coall. Alfo Toly crates, who in the time oiCambyfes was Tyrant of Samosj had a flrong Navy, where- with Chap. V. at Sca ill all Ages. 1 1 Galin with he fubducd divers of the Iflauds, and among the red, having wonc Rhcnca^ conlccrated the fame to ApoUo ot' 1)clos. He was lb confiderablc, \vc Icarn from Herodotus^ as to be abie to aflUl Cam- &'l" byfes with forty Galiies of three Tire of Oars, towards the Reduction of /^gypt, and at the lame time to keep at home a lufficicnt Force for the fecuritv of the lilaiids, and averting his Dominion of the Sca. About this time we find the Terfians began to make a great Fi- Perfi.ms. gure in Naval Power, as did their Rivals therein the Athenians and Athenians. Lacedeemontans^ of whom we Ihall defer what we have to fay till Luc-dicmo- we come to handle the Grecian Sea- Affairs at large, wherewith "'^"^• thnfe of file 'Perfians are intermixed. 'Twas m the time of Cyrus that, upon the occafion of the Sue- Maffilians. celTes of Hnrpa^MS, his Lieutenant in lofii/i, the Colony of 'Fbo- c/caus before mentioned left their City, and after fcveral Adven- tures fettled near the Mouth of the Rhofne in France^ and built ' Maffilia. Theie we arc n<)W to confidcr under the Name of Maf- , Maifeiliss. Jiiians^ who derived from their Anceflors an Aptitude for Naval- Af- fairs, and in a Ihort time grew confiderablc therein, io that to reduce the growing Power of thele ftrangers in thole Seas, the Tyrrhenians and CanhLnu- ' Carthaginians ^.{Tociatcd themfclves, and with a Fleet of one hundred ans, a-c and twenty Sail, engaged that of the MaJJilians of not above half the number, ofFof the Ifland of^V^rd'/;//^; who after a long and doubtfujl Battel, wherein fcveral Ships were Ibnk and taken on both fides, were at length forced to yield with the lols of thirty. This difcouraged them for the prefent, but in after times t;hey renewed their ap- plication to Sea- Affairs with great diligence, and became a very flou- rtihing and powerful People. They planted fcveral Colonics upon the Coafts oiGaiil^ Italy and Spain^ and were amongfl the earlieft Euthymenes. who adventured upon long Voyages out of the Mediterranean^ Eu- thymenes having advanced Southward in the Ocean as far as the y£^- fiator^ and 'TythecU having iailed Northward, and made great Dif- pyihcas. coveries along the Coafl: of Europe ^ both of them Natives of Marfeilles. inthcfe parts of the Mediterranean had flouriflied for fomeAges the Tyrrhenians, (People of the Modern TjifcanyJ who from the Tynhen;.\ns. Dominion they for a long time held therein, impoled on that part of it which is adjacent to the South and Wert Coafts 0*1 Italy, the Name of the Tyrrhene Sca. While they were Mafters o\\ that fide of Ita- ly, there ruled in the Adriatick the People of Spina, (a Town on the Southcrmoll Mouth of the ""Fo ) who maintained their Sove- reignty rhcre for many Years, and flourilhing in Wealth conic- crated to Apollo of "Delos the Tenth of their Maritime Revenues, which contributed not a little to the immcni'e Riches of that Temple. The Cartbaginiaiu were now very confiderabJe in Naval Affairs, Caiihagim- whcrein they had been improving themielvcs from the very Founda- ^ns. tion of their City ; following herein the Genius of the Tynans from whom they dclcended. They, by degrees, made themielvcs Mafters r^fir x\'4r Frejus in manned, to remain at ""Forumjulii for the Security of the neighbburing Provenie Coaft of Gaul: And in Icveral of the Provinces were alio the pro- per Gallies of thole Countries. The Emperor Claudius having reduced Britain mto the Form of a Roman Province, alio added the Bri- in r/«Briiiili tijh Fleet for the Guard oi Britain and the Ides adjacent; and not '*^'"' only by Sea, but aUb upon the great Rivers which bounded the Em- pire, feveral Squadrons were maintained, as the German Squadron and en the upon the Rhiue , and thoie of the 'Danube and Euphrates upon Rhine, C7.'. thole Rivers. Chap. VII. Of the Cilicians, Vencti of Gaul, Gochs, SaxonSj, Sara- cens, and Normans. Naval ^ffars "T^ ^^^ tifflcs oext preceding the Subverfion of the Roman Com- ofihe j^ mon-wealth by Julius Ca/ar, were formidable at Sea the Pi- Ciiicians T3i^^s of Cilicia y who being joined by great Numbers of Syrians., Cypriots', Cypriots, zn'^'Pamphylians, with many of the Inhabitants of ? Navy. fo r Chap. VII. at Sea in all Ages, 15 for the Redudiou of them, with a Comminion giving him the fti- prcmc Command of all the Sea within the Pillars of Hercules^ and of the Land for fitty Miles from the Shore, with Power to take what Number of Ships and Troops he thought fit, and fix thoufand At- tkk Talents, that is, above a Million of our Money, without Ac- count. Thus, with the Afllftance of fifteen inferior Admirals, ^'>4/ej <^f- whom he diipofcd with their Squadrons in Icveral proper Stations in ^/""^^^f^"^ the Mediterranean^ himlelf lailing about and giving the neceflary pompey. ^ Orders, he in few Months cleared the Sea of the Pirates , to ma- ny thoufands of whom he extended Mercy, and afligned them Ha- bitations in the inland Parts oiCtlicia. In few Years aiter we find the '' Veiieti^ a People of ancient Gaul, Veneti of to be very confiderable in the Ocean, where they had great Num- ^*"'- , bers of Ships, and carried on a Trade to Britain. Thele People, and about as we learn (lom defar, exerciled a Dominion on the Sea that V^nnes i« walhes their Coaft, exacting Tribute of all inch as navigated therein, j/,^/;)'^]^^^^/ it being an open and tempeftuous Sea, with few Ports of which they Force were Matters. They gave Ceefar more trouble to iiibdue them than any of the reft of Gaul, their Naval Force obliging him to build a numerous [u'-'dMA Fleet of Ships on the Loire, and make a general Levy of Seamen from the remoteft Parts of his Government. The Veneti, for their Defence, made great Preparations, and by their Aid from Britain and the Northern Coafts of Ganl, got together aFIeet of two hundred and twenty Ships, compleatly manned and furnillied with all kinds of Arms : But at length coming to an Engagement, they were totally defeated by means of a Stratagem the Romans made uie of, who with Scythes h Caefar'* fixed to the end of long Poles, cut to pieces their Rigging, and de- '^"'"("i^'"- prived them of the Uie of their Sails, whereon they greatly de- pended ; which Vidlory was followed by the entire Redudtiou of that People to the Power of Cafar. In the declining Times of the Roman Empire, the Goths of {eve- ^^-'« Goths. ral Denominations leaving their Habitations in the North, came down in Swarms to the Roman Frontiers, and at length penetrating them in leveral Places, got down to the Shores of the Mcditerra- Their Naval man, and providing theraldves of Fleets, grew very powerli.il there, "'''J^ anijie- and croffing over to Africa, pofleflcd thcmlelves of its Coafts on ^" '"""'^' that Sea, in all Parts whereof they committed great Depredations, and maintain'd long Naval Wars with the Roman Emperors. About the lame times the Ctmbri and Saxons, who inhabited the The Saxons Country now called 'Denmark, and the North- Weft Parts olGer- ""'' Cimbn many, employed very numerous Fleets of fmall Ships on the Ger- bjians.)* man Ocean, on which frequently embarked great Multitudes of thofe then barbarous Nations, and made Delcents on the Coafts of Flan- ders, France, and Britain, and committed many Diforders on the ^».'»""'«^n- interjacent Seas; till invited by the Inhabitants of the Southern Parts of Britain to aid them againft their Countrymen of the North, at length the grcatcft Number of them fettled and eftabliflied them- felves there. About i6 The Saracens with a Haval Force take Cyprus, Rhodes, c^c Syracufe, Barbary, Spain, Capua, Genoa, c^c. Beat the Ve- netians, U'C. Note. The Norman Fleets infeft the Ocean, Mediterra- nean, Flanders, France, S^". fifteen or fixteen Frigates, eight or ten Fireihips, and ibme Bomb VefTels, and he excrcilcs a Dominion on a pare of the Ba/thk Sea, levying a Toll on all Merchant Ships that pals into it by the Streight of the Sounds which he commands by the Caftie of Cro- Oronenbiugh nenhiirg. ^■'•' The Naval Forces of thcfe two Potentates o'i Denmark and i'ccr- v.aUmu of den is pretty near an Equality for deciding their frequent Differences ; ■P"--'"'- but the Prelervation of the Peace of Europe, oftentimes obliges England and Holland to interpofc with their formidable Fleets, and put an end to their Quarrels. But within thefe few Years is rifen up in thole Parts of the World a Mufcovites new Naval Power, that o*i Mnfiovy, which in a fhort time is arrived ^'"'^"^ ^"^"^ to that Perfcdlion which the Dane and Sijvede have been fo many Ages acquiring, and this entirely owing to the unwearied Induflry, and even Perlbnal Labour of the prelent Czar: a Prince of a vaft ,.,, ,„ ,,, and eutcrprizing Genius, who is wholly bent on improving the ad- p,sfe>u Cijr. vantagious Situation of his large Empire tor Trade, and cultivating the Alanncrs of his before barbarous Subje<5ts, by the Inrrouudion of the learned Sciences, and the Arts of War and Commerce. What will be the event of the AccelFion of ib great a Power by Sea and Land, in the Hands of a Piince, Malkr of ib wide a Dominion, pcopkd with Inch infinite Multitudes, and what Altcrarions in the Affairs and Interefls of Europe it may occafion, 1 leave to the Politicians to dilculs, and p.occcd in the next place to the Naval Affairs of the Turks. That People, as Sir Tanl Ricaut tells us, abound with all ima- .. giuablc Conveniences for a Sea Power, having all lorts of Materials lllItT^con^ fit for Navigation, as Cordage, Pitch, Tar, and Timber, within -veniencies of their own Dominions, which are eafily brou'^hr to Confiantmople, "J^ ^'"■^"^ with little or no riique from their Enemies. For Timber, the valt Woods along the Coafts of the Black Sea, and parts of yJ/ia, at the bottom of the Gulph of Nicomedia liipply ihein; Pitch, Tar, and Tallow are brought to them from Albania and Walacb'ta ; Canvas and Hemp from Grand Cairo. Their Ports are Icveral of them convenient for ercdting both Ships and Gallics : The Arfenal at p,.rts a,ui Ar- Conjiantinople hath no Icls than one hundred thirty levcn Chambers /^s"'^. D 2 for noiv not cs:;iai 2 o Of People who have flourijljed Book I. for Building, where fo many Veflels may be on rhe Stocks at the lame time. At Slnopoliy Midia, and Anchialc^ Cities on the Black Sea, are other Arfcnals ; and in many Parts of the Tropontis, the Hellefpont^ and x.\\z Bofphorus, are fuch Ports and Conveniences for Shipping, as if all things had confpir'd to render Conjiaiitinopk hap- •V4/ plwtr " py, and not only capable of being Millrefs of the Earth, but for- midable in all Parts of the Ocean. Thele Advantages the Turks tor many Years made uie of, and were very potent at Sea ; but abated b the ^^^^^^ '^^ Succcls againll the Venetians in the laft Age has very much Venetians; dccrcafcd their Naval Force ; fo that they have not for many Years pad been able to equip above one hundred Gallics, which together with fomc Ships of War, and the Auxiliaries fromTripo/}, Tunisy ^i and Algicr, tho' (compared with that of fomc other Stares) it may appear a confidcrable Number, yet, happily for Chriftcadcm, ic is to their Land •" »o dcgrcc ptoportiouablc to the Power that Empire has by Land, Forct. and its natural Advantages to enjoy the like by Sea. It was but in the bft Age, under the Miniltry of rhe great Car- , dinal Richelieu, that France took any Steps toward attaining a con- rhe lenci ^,jgj.jj[^j^ Power at Sea. Before his time thx^ French nxt not alhamed "Zl'p'ou'e^'' to confels they had lb few Ships, and thole lb ill equipped, that they were but of very little Importance ; and that they were there- fore obliged, with no Icfs Dilhonour than Expence, to borrow or hire Ships of foreign Nations to defend them from their Enemies. To remedy this Deled, that Miniftcr laid out great Sums of Money n^L Ridiiie'u ^or building in Holland fcveral Ships of War, and for clearing ma- ny of the Sea Ports in the Ocean and Mediterranean, and eredling Naval Magazines. His Conduct herein was diligently purliied by andUzzwms ^^^ SuccclTor in thc Miniftry, Cardinal j^/irZ2:;^ri;/f, but more efpccially by the late French King, who with unwearied Application carried on his Defign of being Maftcr of a good Naval Force, and at length obtained it, but not without the Afiiftance of a neighbouring Court, and our li-ilfd in a lupine Security by his Artifices ; who, if they would not coiirt's su- endeavour to quell the growing Power of lo formidable a Neighbour, finenefi. q,- jjaft ihould not iudurtrioufly have furnillied him with Weapons for their ownDeftrudion. Which fallc Step in the Politicks this Nation has more than once had reaibn to repent, as will appear in the Se- quel of our Hiftory. And now we are at length come home to Britain, the Qiieen of Nav^ipou'er, lAcs, aud Mifttcfs of the Ocean ; for we may juftly pronounce her to be at this time the PolTeffor of a much greater Naval Power than cnalr '"' ^"y oi^her Nation does, or ever did enjoy. Of this the Reader will have been already convinced, from the Account of the Stare of our Navy in the Preface to this Work ; lb that here there will not be occafion to fay any thing more, than to take notice of the vaft In- creafc thereof during the laft Century, which will be very conlpicu- ous, if we compare with the prefent the Naval Force in the times of Queen Elizabeth and King James the Firft. The Merchant- fabeuf'i^c" ^hips of thc Kingdom were then cfteemed the principal Part of our maritime Power, of which in the twenty fourth Year of Queen Eli- zabeth were reckoned one hundred and thirty five, many of them of ^ote. The Enfflidi Chap. IX at Sea in all jiges. 21 of five hundred Tuns each ; and in the beginning of King James's Reign 'twas computed there were four hundred, but thofcnot of To great Burthen. As to the Ships of War belonging to the Crown in the time of the firfl: of thcle Princes, their Number was thirteen, to which eleven were added by the latter, the Names whereof we fliall tJav^ofEag- hcrc let down from Sir Walter Raleigh, as thinking it not impro- '^"''" per to give place in this Work to a Lift of the Royal Navy of Eng- land in thole times of its Minority. They were thcle. &T'' ^''^ 'Dueler ^leen Elizabeth. Added by King James the I. The Triumph^ The Anthilope, The Eitzabeth-Jonas, The Fore fight. The White Bear, The Swallow, The 'Philp and Mary, The Handmaid, The Bonadventure, The Jennet, The Golden Lion, The Bark of Boulogne, The Vi£fory, The Aid, The Revenge, The Achates, The Hope, *rhe Falcon, The Mary-Rofe, The Tiger, The T>readnonght, The Bull. The Minion, The Swift fur e. From this general View of the People who have in all Ages been moft confiderable in Naval Afiairs, and the feveral Inftances of their Exercife of a Dominion on the Sea, it will be no improper Tranfi- tion to pafs on to the Proof of that Claim the Kings of Britain make to the Dominion of the Britifh Seas ; and preliminary to that, to difcufs the Queftion, whether the Sea be capable of private Dominion, and can have particular Proprietors? This Argument hath, to the Honour of our Nation, been long fince moft accurately handled by that Prodigy of Learning Mr. Selden, in a ' Treatile pro- =• Mare cUu- felTedly written thereon ; to which there cannot any thing well be '^^'^• added. But having in the Pcrufal of Ibme Papers of the Cottonian Library met with a Diflertation on the lame Subjedt, wherein the Argument is reduced to a narrow Compals, I could not difpcnle with my lelf from communicating the Subftance of it to the Rea- der, which I Ihall do in the two following Chapters. Chap. 2 2 Of People who ha'uc flourijljed Book I. Chap. X. Of the Dom'tmon of the Sea };i general. Touching the ' ■ ^ H E Truch of chis Propoficion, That the Sea is capable of Dominion of J^ private "Dominiou , ajid can have particular ^Proprietors y ' ' ^"'' is, faith my Author, in itfelf fo clear, that there uecdcth not any- great Pains to illuftratc it : For (bclidcs that the general Pradlice of Time hath familiarized the Notion hereof to us, and made it evi- dent by way of Fa(^) it muft be acknowledged that to exempt the Propriety in Sca from thc Jurifdidtion of proprietary Lords, would have no other the'seapr<>v-d Effect fhau the giving a Liberty co Mankind at their Plcalurc to be- y rgAtnent!. ^^^^ Piratcs , aud thereby render them in no better a Condition than the Fillies of the Sea, the larger whereof devour the lels. I ExNcc-r- Wherefore, although Ibme there are who have attempted to prove •irate. that every Part of the Sea, and the Shores thereof, arc cquaily pub- lick to all Men, without Diftindion of Bounds, or levered Inrcreft ; yet the irrefiftible Argument of NecelTity fqn^ dnt, non accipit le- gem) which gives, not receives Law, may lave any Man the la- bour of confuting an Aflertion which doth lb inevitably fubvert thc very Frame of human Society, which cannot fubfifl: without Order; nor can there be any Order where Interefls are confounded, and where Command and Obedience arc left arbitrary and unde- termin'd. Before I enter on the Title of our own Princes to thc Propriety of thc Seas of Great Britain^ I Ihall firfl: touch upon the general Right of others to thole Parts of the Sea w hich approach their fc- veral Territories ; and in as brief a manner as may be, produce Au- 1. Ex Lege, thofities from thc La's: 'Divine, Natural, and Civil, to prove this their Claim juftifiabic from the Creation. Dominion cf Wc find, by undeniable Proof, that the Scamp of Sovereignty was the Sea proved by God himlclf fet upon Man at the time of his Crcarion. Let ui Divin^Law ^^^'^ -^^^'^ '" ^'^^' ^^''^^^■> ^fi^^' 0^^^ LikeiU'fs, and let them have ^^^ ^ ,^ "Dominion over the Fijh of the Sea, and over thc Fovi-l of the Air, and over the Cattel, and over all the Earth. Aud this was afterwards accordingly exercifcd by divine Ordi- nance, nor only over all other Creatures and Works of God, but al- io among Men themlclves in the narrow Room of cwo, of three, of an Houlc, of a Nation. This farther appears from the Terms Noah ulcd when he branded Canaan, and laid, Cnrfed be Canaan, a Ser- Cen. 9. 25. 'vatit of Servants jhall he be unto his Brethren. Thus thc Ma- ilers of Families, the Tops of Kindreds, the Founders of Nations, be- ing endued and qualified from the beginning, not only with Names of Honour, but Power of Diredion and Command, Sovereignty up- on thc numerous Propagation of Mankind dilated itlclf by God's Appointment over Multitudes of Places and Nations, according to the BleHing given in the plural Number by IJ'aac to his Son, Let Geii.iM:;. 'People ferve thee, and Nations bov:: donn to thee So that we can 'ine Inflitution, when he ihall find that to be the Father of Kings is fin^Icd out by God himfelf as the moft eminent of his worldly Bleflmgs ; for lb God fpeaking unto Abraham., tells him, That Kings Gen. 17. 6. jhoitlci go out cj him% and oi Sarah, That Kings of the 'T'cople q^^^^^.^q_ Jhonld arife from her : From whence it is evident, that as in Pro- portion of Dignity the divine Law makes not all Men alike, nor in grofs efteemeth them all at an even rate or worth, as not intending equal Capacities to all Men, but that Ibme lliould be qualified for Government, and others adapted for Subjedlion and Obedience : ib, likewifc, for Diftinftion of Proprieties in all things real and pcrfonal, it cannot be doubted but that Menm and Tmtm, Terms of Severalty, began to be in ule as ibon as there were leveral Perfbns to ciaim le- vcral Interefts ; for certainly Cain's Sheaf was not properly AbtTs^ Gen. 4 3,4,5 nor the Fat of Abel's Sheep Cains. That which was the Father's was not in Propriety the Son's, much left a Stranger's ; for IJhac received his Father Abraham's Goods by way of Gifi:, who dilpo- fed of Ibrae other Parts thereof, as beft liked him, to the reft of his Gen. 15. 5,6. Children. Nor were the Kinimen's Goods thole of the Uncle ; for l\^o^y^^ Lot lived under the Tuition of Abraham, yet faith theText, And Lot alfo '■jvho 'UJcnt with Abraham had Flocks, and Herds, Gen. 13. 5. and Tents. As to the Goods oi Bera King oi Sodom, Abraham difdain'd a thrcd, even to a Latchet of a Shoe. And as for the ap- propriating of real PolTelfions and Inheritances, if we doubt whe- ther the Divifions of Lands or Countries made by the Sons oi Noah were made by divine Ordinance, (of whom the Scripture faith, By G:n. 10. 5. thefe the JJles of the Gentiles were divided in their Lands, &c.) Yet we (hall find prefcntly after, that it was not only the Adt of God himfelf to difperic Mankind overieveral Parts of the Earth, (The Gen. n. 8. Lord fcattercd them abroad upon the Face of all the Earth) and to allot different Habitations for leveral Nations and Families to dwell in, but that he alio let out the Land oi Canaan by Bounds to Videjoams, the Pofterity and Tribes oi Ifrael; and, more than all this, inflict- '^' M'/"^' ed a Curie upon him who ihould remove the Mark-Stone of his Neighbour, lo to encroach upon or confound the proper Intcreft of another Man. In fine, Iccing that Law, which, as St. !P^«/ faith, Reut. 17. 17. was written in the Fieart of Man at his Creation, and was after- Rom. 1.14. wards publilhed by Mofcs to the Ifraelites, commandeth not only '5- the honouring of ibme Perlbns above others, but .forbiddeth Stealth, and generally all indiredt taking or coveting what is another Man's, Exod. 10.17. it inevitably followeth, that to throw down this Inclolure by mak- ing all things common, and annihilating particular Interefts, is at once to raze three cxprcis Commandments out of the Decalogue, and to confound that which God by his primary and divine Law would have diftinguiHi'd. And therefore fince thefe Words, Subdue Gc.n. i. 18. the Earth, arc not to be underftood, as that all Men in common were to be Lords alike of every Part thereof, it cannot be con- ceived 24 Of People who have flour iJJjed B ook I. I Cor. I Gen. I. z6. conceived that the Words immediately following, Have 'Domiuiou over the Flfljes of the Sea^ Ihould give equal Interefi: and Propriety in every Part of the Sea to all Men without Diflindtion ; for every Man mull confefs that Stealth and Injuries done on the Sea, are equally as much againfl: Juftice and divine Precept, as thoic done upon the Laud; and therefore thole Princes whole Territories brrdcr upon any part of the Sea, have the fame relation to Juftice and Order as well on the one as on the other, »nd may with equal Authority of divine Law hold and enjoy the Sovereignty of the iame, as of thofe Territories and Countries which properly belong unto their Crowns ; for the Pre- 4.40. ccpt of the Apoftle, i:.hich millet h all things to be done 1:onejlly and in order't being general, comprchendeth Adions to be done as well at Sea as on Land; which without the llipremc and binding Power of Princes, cannot poffibly be effcded. And fince that lotereft which Time hath given to Kings and others in fcvcral Parts of the Earth is not held injurious to divine Law, furely it cannot be proved that the Propriety which Princes claim by the like Adt of Time in any Part of the Sea, is by the fame Law \(t{^ juRifiable ; nor is it to be conceived why Rivers and Inlets of the Sea Ihould admit Proprie- tary Owners, who have an exclufive Intcreft both in the Shores, the Paflage, and Fiihing within the fame, and all this warranted by di- vine Law, as is not dcny'd ; and yet that Princes and others may not have the like Propriety in the Seas neighbouring upon their Territories. Thus then the Dominion of the Sea being warranted by divine Ordinance, it may fcem unneceflary, though natural or civil Law Ihould aver the contrary, to vouchfafe them Anl'wer. But yet becaule fome have endeavour 'd to make x.\\Q.Law of Nations, or the particular Lazv of Nature the main Platform from whence to batter the Power of Princes on this Quarter, as fuppofuig it to lie naked and indefen- fible againfl: the Strength of that Law, which (as they fay) hath left the Sea and every part thereof indifferently common to all Men, I iliall make it appear that, even by the Law of Nature, this Claim and Right of Princes is without ail danger of being forced. For firft, feeing that which by the Srrer.grh of natural Rcalon hath been fuccelTiveiy oblerved and affcnted to by all People, is properly termed the Law of Nature, it can never be latisfa'. On the Eaft is the German Ocean, otherwife called the North Sea. 3'"^. On the North is that anciently known by the feveral names of the Hyperborean., 'T>eucaledonian and Caledonian Ocean, now the Scotch Sea. And 4''''>'. On the Weft is that anciently called the Nergivian Ocean, (in which lies Ireland) that part whereof which flows between Eng- land and Ireland^ being commonly called the Iriflj Sea, and the reft now fwallowed up in the general name of the IVeflern or At- lantick Ocean. Over the BritiJh Ocean the Kings of England have by immemorial Prefcription callenged Sovereignty : For (omitting to deduce the Title to it which the Saxon Kings, by their becoming Maftcrs of the Country, derived from x.\\& Br i tains-., who on the Romans abandoning their Conqueft, again fnccceded to that right they had been in PoffefTion of from remoteft Ages) it can be proved, that divers of our faid Saxon Kings have been in the abfolute and adtual Fruition of the entire Dominion of thofe Seas, of whom Eg- bert the i'^' who called himfelf King of England m the Year 840, provided Chap. XL at Sea in all Ages. 29 provided himlblf with a ftrong Navy for the maiutenance thereof^ as Alfred did thirty or forty Years after. Edgar had a very numerous Fleet, which he divided into fcveral Edgar. Squadrons, and employed to guard the Seas and fecure the Coafts, affuming to himfclf the Title not only of King of England^ but of all the Kings ofthclflands, and of the Ocean lying round about Bri- taiuy as appears by an old Charter of his among the Patent Rolls of Edward the 4'''. Ethelred being invaded by S'waue King of 'Denmark, caufed of Ethelred. every three hundred and ten Hides of Land a Ship to be built, which rendezvouzing at Safidwicb, made the greatefl: Navy which had been known in this Ifle to that time. Knnte the 'Dane took, the like care (as did his SuccefTors of the Knute. Dan'ijh Race after him) to prcferve the Seas of rhc Kingdom in their former Eftate, without admitting any of the Neighbouring Princes to have any Dominion in any part thereof; and fo they re- mained in rhe time of Edward the ConfefTor, until the Conquefl; made by IV'tUiam Duke of Normandy^ when the fame Rights the wiHum tht preceding Princes were poflerTcd of devolving to him, pafTed on to i^. his Succeffors ; who tho' they were for almoft a Century and a half Lords of both Shores of the Channel, and fb could not pofTibly have any others fo much as to pretend to a ihare with them in the Dominion of that part of the Brlt'tjh Sea, yet did not found their Right thereto on that Circumftance of their being Lords of both Shores, but pof- fefTed it as an inleparable Appendant unto the Crown of England^ and by Reafon and in Right of the /aid Kingdom. For in the time oi Edward the i^', who held not a Foot of Ground in Norman- Edward the dy., the Sovereignty of the Kings of England over the narrow Sea ^''• was not only challenged by him, but was alfo acknowledged by all other Neighbouring Nations to be his due from times beyond all Memory ; as particularly appeareth by the Record of the laid King Edward the ^r^, in the thirtieth Year of whofe Reign, AnnoDom. 1303. when Tbilip the Fair, the French King, lending forth cer- tain Gallics and other Ships in aid of the Flemings againft Guy Earl oi Flanders, and Marflial o'i Namure, unto Znrickzee, under the Command of Reyner Grimbaltz, a Genoeze, creating him by his Commifilon his Admiral, and he, by virtue of his laid Commiffion, beginning to cxercile Sovereign Jurildidrion in the narrow Sea, then called, even by the French therafelves. La rnier d'Engleterre^ the Sea of England, and in Latin, Mare Anglia ; complaint was thereupon made both to the King o^ France and to the King oi Eng- land, and certain CommifTioners or Auditors, as the Record calleth them, were appointed by both Kings, to hear and redrels liich Remonftrance wrongs as had been done to the PalTengers on the faid Seas, to which "'fp^\jl^'"a'„d Auditors the feveral Agents of divers Nations preferred a Bill of Com- England, 30 plaint or Remonftrance (in the French of thofe times) to the pur- ^^- '■ ^"• pole following, viz. 1303. Co pou tljc lD?ti0 Commifli;onec0, ucputcli Op tlje Mwq^ of Eng- land nm France, to wnizi^ tfjc Dnmagcgs uonc to tijeic ^ubjc Sgi lip 4 S)ea 30 Of People who have floiirifljcd Book I. ®cn ant! Lniiti in time of tijc iate 135fnfr ann Crucc, Bo moff OtinibD' Ecrnonlti-atc tl/C i3^acm-ato2g of tOe p^elate^ an5 ii3o- ijlcp, aiiD of t()c ^Uiriinii of tljc EngliiL reign Jurisniaion m ti)c places afo?efnin map appertain* ann . Coke mfl. tofjcrca.Ei ^ A. do B annural of tije fam S)ca, neputen h^ tijc fam lining 1.4.0.11. /-y^ of England, aim nil oti)cr 3nmirai9 neputcn bp tijc fain jBiing of rTe'BoTetoit England, ann iji0 anccfroJS fojmcrlp l^ing0 of England, ijabc been in peaceable pcireffion of tijc fain Sobcreign iSuatn, toitij pottier of Jurismaion, ann all tljc otbcr pouierg bcfoicmcntion'n, (er= cept in cafe of Appeal ann Complaint mane of t^em to tiicir %q-- l)ereign0 tijc S^ingsJ of England in nefauit of Julficr, 0? fo? t\ixl Jungment) ann efpcciailp of malting pioinbitions, ncing Suffice, ann taking fecuritp of goon I'cbabicur from all manner of peo- ple carrping arm? on tljc fain S-ca, 0? failing \\\ ^fjip0, otfjer- iDife fitten out ann arm'n ttinn Q3ercbe^nt ^g^ijip? ufc to ht, ann in all otbcr CaO:0, tuljere a Q9an map ijabc rcafonable caufc of fufpicion totuarnss tijem of Piracp, 0? otiier J^i^noings* aim toberca? tbc $i0affcr0 of €>ijip0 of tijc fain l^ingnom of England, in tijc abfence of tbc fain anmirai?, babe been in peaceable poP feiHon of taking €ogiu?ance, aim Jimging of all i^aag upon tije fam €>ca bettoeen all manner of People, accoming to tbe laUisf, @>tatutc0, P2olnbition0, B*ancljife0 aim Cuff omss* anntDbcrcagi in tbc fiift article of ti}e Creatp of alliance, latelp mane bettoeeii tbc fain l\ing0 at Paris, tijc iuom0 follotning arc fet nobm, viz. lirff of all it i0 agrcen aim concltmcn betlnecn 110 tijc enbop0 ann agent0 abobc-mention'n, in tfjc J!5amc0 cf tbc Cam i?.{ng0, tijat tljep fljall \^t to eacb otber foj tbc future, goon, true ann faitbful jFrieim0 ann ailie0, againti ail tbc mmi^ (ercept tbc Cburcb of Rome) m fucb manner tbat if anp one 0? mo?e, tcbofoeber tbep 4 be, Chap. XI. at Sea in all Ages. 31 i)c, 0)311 ffo about to interrupt, ijintir.: 0? mdcfl tljc fato jCiiuiffs in tljc frnnfljifcj, Lifccrtifsj, li)?it)itfiiCiS, Eigljtsj 0? Cuffonw of tijcm, nit titlj (ir£^inLTt>oni3, tIjCj) ftjall be gooO aiiD faitljful iFricnu?, auo aiDiuff ngiainll all 93c:i iiDmo:, ano rraUu to m>, to ticfciiD, Uccp aitn matittatit tijc abobc-mcntian'D jr^audjifcgi, Libcrticg, Uiijljtg aitn CuSomo, occ anD tljat t()c one OjaU not b£ of Coun= fel, no? ijibc aiD 0? Clfltfiancc, in anp tomg uiljcrcbp tl)e otJjcr map lore Lift, Limb, ^Cilatc 02 Donoiir, anti iuljcrcas 99ciificur Reyner Grimbalrz, S^aftCt Of X\)Z SljipS Of XX)t ft^iO ^ing Of France, ft)bo callsi J iuifclf aDnural of ti}C faiO Sea, being; Ucputcn bp ()i5 S'cVicrfign afo^cfaiu, in ijisi fJUac againil tfjcHemmings, HiU (after tl)c aboue nicntion'D alliance Uias mane, anD ratifieD, aim agaiiift tl)r Ceuo? ano ©bligation of i%i faiD alliance, nntj V\)z Intention of tbofe lufjo mauc it) U);;ongful(p alTunie aim e,e-- crcife tlje ©iSce of atJUiiraltP \\\ tlje fain S>ea of Enoiand abobe tfje fpace of a jt^ear, bp Commiflion from tlje faiU Jiiing: of France, taking tfie ^ubieg? ann C0ercl)ant0 of tbe fiiingtiom of England, anti of otbcr Countries, paflinn; upon tljc fain ^eas, toitlj t^cic !cc of tljc faiD J^iiifl; of England, anti of tOe 13?clatci5, jOobless ann otijcijj bcfoic mentioit'D ; U)Dcrefo?c tfjc faiop^ocuratojs no, in tIjc namesi of t\)zvc faio Loiti0, p?ap pou tlje Lo^OiS CommilBotier^ bcfo^emcntiou'ii, rfjat mtc anD fpeenp ueliUcrp of tIjc faiD ?i3en, g^fjipsj, ©ooDis, anD $^crcf)anDt?e£(, fb taUen anD DetamU, map be maDe to tDe aDnural of t&e faiD lUng of England, to tofjom tIjc Cotyni^ance of tijis matter Dotlj rigljtfuUp appertain, as 10 aboDe- faiD, tfjat fo, toitl)out Diffurbance from ^ou, 0? anp elfe, 6e map talte Cognisance thereof, anD Do Uiljat belongs to Ijiss afojefaiD ©f^ fice; anD tl^at tIjc afo?cfniD ^onfieur Reyner map be conDemneD, anD conftraineD to make Due fatisfaaion fo? aUtlje faiD Damages, fo far fojtl) as Ijc fljall be able to Do tlje fame ; anD in Default tljereof, bis faiD 2r3a(ter tlje l^mg of France, bp toljom &c teas De^ pnteD to tlje faiD Cfficcs anD tbat after Due S^atisfaSion Ojali be maDe foi tbc faiD Damages, tljc faiD ^onfienr Reyner map be fo Duip piminjcD fo? tljc Cliolation of tbe faiD alliance, as tljat t&c fame map tt an Cirample to otbers fo? time to come* xin^o/Eng- This Acknowledgment (as my Author hath truly obferved ) is hnd'; Domi- pofllbly the mofl: remarkable Authority of Antiquity of the like ""'"' Nature which any Prince can produce; by which it appeareth that the Kings of England had then been by Prefcription of Time immemorial , in the adtual Pofle/Iion of the Sovereign Domi- nion of the narrow Sea, both in prefcribing Laws, granting of fafc Conduds, keeping of the Peace, and judging of all kind of Perlbns and Acfiions, as well their own Subjects as Strangers, within the laid Sea ; and that this Dominion does infeperably belong to the Kings oi England (par raijbn du dit Royaumcy lays the Record) and hh Ad- by tight of the faid Kingdom ; and that, under the laid Kings, their mu-ai'sjurif levctal Admitals were to judge of all Fads, and Pcrfons within the /«<«« g^^ aforefaid, from whom lay no Appeal, but only to their Sove- reign Lords the Kings oi' England ; and that in the Ablcncc of the faid Admirals, the Mafters of the King's Ships were to be Judges as aforelaid : As alio that the Kings oiErarice, who of any other might beft pretend a Right, could not juftify lb much as the making of an Admiral, but only a Mafter of his Navy in thcle Seas : And thus is the Claim of the Kings of England to the Dominion of this Part of the Britijh Sea made good by the unanimous Acknowledg- ment of divers neighbouring Nations, viz. Italy., Spain, Germany^ Zeeland, Holland, Frizeland, 'Denmark, Noriijay, and others. Seeing therefore that although, in the cafe of Prelcription, it is fufficicnt for him who is in Polfeflion to (land upon the affirmative without farther Proof; yet having this general Confeflion, and Acknowledgment from abroad, to fecond and fortify our Right, we In the narro-w '^^'^ Confidently affirm, that our pretenfious to this Sovereignty iw; over the narrow Sea is not a bare Aflcrtion, and Ulurparion of our own, but the evident Work of Time, and of that Continuance too, that we are not able to afllgn how, and when it began ; but that we have ever had and enjoy 'd the fame for many hundreds of Years, without fo much as any pretended Claim of other Kings or Nations. And Chap. XL at Sea in all Ages, 33 And as for the other Parts of the Britijh Ocean, it muft needs ""'i BntiOi follow, in rcaibn, that if x.\\q French King, a Neighbour within'^"""- view, who might perhaps have Colour to claim an Intereft of Do- minion in the narrow Sea, half Seas over, was, uotwithftanding, de- barred from any Right thereunto, much more muft any other Pre- tenders be forecloied from having a Title to thole Parts of our Seas, which for the moft part have no oppofite Neighbours within many hundreds of Leagues. But yer, for further Satisfaction herein, to make it appear that the Anceftors of our Kings were, and efteem- cd themfelvcs Lords in fa(3: of every Part of the liirrouuding Ocean; the Comraiffion granted by Edivard the IlL to Geffrey de Say, in the tenth Year of his Reign, by the Addition of the word Cir- ctimquaoipe, or round about, manifertly exprefleth the Rcfolution of that tune ; io much of which Coramiflion as ferveth for our pur- pole is as followeth, " Rex dUetlo ^ fidel't fuo Galfrido de Say, Edw. in.\f " Admirallo Fbta fna fiavium ab ore aqua Thamifia verfiis far- ^">r"^"'" " " tes occidentales, Salntern. Cum niiper "vobus, ^c. Nos adver- Say. " tentes quod 'Trogenitores Nojiri Reges Anglia 'Domini Maris " AngLicani circiimquaque, ^ etiam defenfores contra hoftium in- *' vafi'oiies ante bac temfora extiterint, £y plurimum Nos tadcret " Jl honor Nofter Regius in defenffotie hujufmodi nojlris (quod ab- " fit J defereat temporibus, ant in aliquo minuatur, &c. Manda- " mus fir miter injnngendo , quod Jiatim vijis frafentibus , ^ " abfque ulteriorc dilatione, naves portuum pradi^orum, & alias " naves qua jam par at a exifiunt fupra mare teneatis, ^c. That is, " The King to the trufty and well-beloved Geffrey de Say, Ad- *' mirai of his Fleet of Ships from the Mouth of the River Thames " Weftward, Greeting. Whereas lately, ^c. We taking into our " Confideration that our Progenitors, the Kings of England, have *' been in times pad Lords of the Englijh Sea round about, and alio " Defenders thereof againft the Invafion of Enemies ; and for that ic " would be very grievous to us to have our Royal Honour in Defence " thereof loft, or luffcr any Diminution in bur Time, (which God *' forbid) ^c. We ftridly charge and require you, that immediately *' upon Sight of thelc Prelents, and without any further Delay, you " do put to Sea with the Ships belonging to our Ports, aforeiaidj *' and liich other Ships as are now ready, ^c. And for further Proof of the Right of our Kings to the Sove- reignty of the Seas round about, they have luccelTively conftituted Admirals and Governours, as well over other Parts of our Seas, as commiffiom in the Chanel between us and France. In ancient Times there "> lingiiili were for the mofl part two, and Ibmetimes three Admirals appointed '""^'' ^ in the Seas of England, all of them holding the Office durante bene- placito, and each of them had particular Limits under their Charge and Government. The firfl was Admiral of the Fleet of Ships from the Mouth of the Thames Northward, viz. to the Northward of of the North, Scarborough ; and 'io was WiUiam Afford in the fiftieth Year of Edward the III, and divers others before and after him. The fccond was Admiral of the Fleet from the Mouth of the 77;'^ww Weftward, viz,, to the furrheft Part oi Qornvjall , and ib of tht south, F to 3 4 Of People who have floi/rijbed Book I. to the urmoH: Verge o^ Ireland; as was Geffrey dc Say before raen- tiou'd, JVUliam Montague in the forty ninth o'^Ediz'ard the III, and many others before and fince their Times. ofthtcmqut- p^^^^ befides thefe Admirals, we find that the Cinque-Ports have had theirs likewife ; for lb was IV illiam Latimer in the fcveuth of Edivard the III. who is ftyled in the Record, Adm'iralis ^inque ^ortuttm ; and fomctimes we find all thefe centered in one Man ; for Sxrjobjt Beaucharnp, Earl oi JFar'-Joick^ was in the thirty fourth o^ Edward the HI, called Admiral of all the Fleers to the South- ward, Northward, andWeftward. But for the Style of yfrf'w/>^//aj Avglia^ it was not frequent before the Reign of Henry the IV", in whofe eleventh Year Thomas Beanford^ Brother to the King, had that Title given him, which was afterwards ulcd in all Commiffions granted to the fuccecding Admirals. Yet feme fewv there were who had the fame Style given them b De Bote- before, though very f|>aringly, and with Intermifllon; for ^Ade B, Coke, inftit. J" ^^^ ^^"^^ oi Ediuard the I, was c^lkd AdmiraU de la M'ter d'En- 1.4. before gleterre. Admiral of the Sea oi England., as appeareth by the Re- cited. ^-Qjj before quoted at length. And Richard Earl oi Arundel, in a Proclamation diredted to the Sheriffs oi London, requiring all Ma- riners to attend him at Southampton, is called Adm'irallus Anglia, in the eleventh Year oi Richard the II. So likewife was the Earl c^Rittland in the nineteenth Year of the faid King : Not but that thofe other bcfore-mention'd, who were only call'd Admirals of all the Fleets, ^c. had as abfolute Jurildidiion and Power over the Parts of the Seas afligned to their Charge, as any other who had more am- ple Titles. And it may be moreover oblerved, that there was a Style above that of the Admiral of England, which was, Locum^ tenens Regis fuper mare, or the King's Lieutenant- General of the Sea; and lb was Thomas Earl oiLancafier, Son to Henry the IV. Nay before that, in the eleventh Year of Richard the II, Richard Earl of Arundel had the like Title given to him. So far for my fore-mention'd Author. H A P. XII. Of the Boundaries of the Britifh Seas, the Extent of the Sea Dominion of the Kings of Great Britain, and the Right of the Flag j with fome Ohfervations concerning the Ufe of the Term, The Britifh Seas, in Treaties. H AVING thus fet before the Reader the mofl confiderable of the Arguments, by which the Title of the Kings of Britain CO the Sovereignty and Dominion of the Britijh Seas may be made . . good from Prelcription ; it will be proper in the next Place to give th'e^lmi l*^"^^ Account of the Extent of thofe Seas. Their Boundaries on stas. 4 the Chap.XIL at Sea 171 all Ages, 35 the Eafl: are the Shores of thofe Countries oppofite to Great Bri- tain on that fide, viz. Norivay^ 'Denmark^ Germany^ and the Ne- therlands, by thcfe Limits including that Part of the Britijh Seas called the German Ocean, or North Sea. On the South they ex- rend the oppofite Shores oi France^ to thofe oi Spain as far as Cape Finijlerre^ and to a Line drawn from that Cape, in the lame Pa- rallel of Latitude, to their Boundary on the Weft hereafter nicnti- on'd ; thus taking in that Part of the Britijh Seas which confifts of the Chanel, the Bay of Bifcay^ and part of the Atlantick Ocean, For the Weft and North, if from the before- mcntion'd imaginary Line ^,^ extending from Cape Finijlerre , a Line be drawn, in the Lon- gitude of twenty three Degrees Weft from London, to the Latitude of fixty three Degrees, and thence be drawn another, in that Pa- rallel of Latitude, to the middle Point of the Land Van Staten in Mor'ouay, we may efteem thefe to be proper Boundaries of the Bri- tijh Seas on thole Quarters, thereby taking in, to the Weft, thac Part of them which confifts of part of the Atlantick Ocean, and t\\Q Irijh Sea, or St. George's Chanel; and, to the North that called the Caledonian Ocean , or Scotijh Sea : And tho' the fame Boundaries on the Eaft and South, viz. the Shores of the oppofite Countries, are alio the Limits of the Sea Dominion of the Kings of The Extent of Great Britain that way ; yet, to the Weft and North, does that '^.^ ^^'* ^<>- Dominion extend very much farther than the fore men tion'd Boun- c'reaTfirC daries of ihc Britijh Seas on thofe Quarters. For tho' (as Mx.Sel- tain. , den lays) the vaft Weftern and Northern Ocean (ftretching out to fo great a Latitude as to reach, on the one hand, the Shores of A- nierica ; and, on the other, thofe of Greenland, and Parts utterly unknown) cannot all be called the Britijh Seas, yet hath the King of Great Britain moft ample Rights on both thofe Seas, beyond the Bounds of the Britijh Name : As he moft certainly has, evea as far to the Weft, :iiS Ne'tvfoundland and the adjacent Parts of North America, by virtue of firft Invention and Occupancy thereof by Sebajiian Cabot for Henry the VII, and of a more full PofTcflion and Occupancy by Sir Henry Gilbert for Queen Elizabeth : And, to the North, as far as the Shores of Greenland, by virtue of the lame Title of firft Invention by Sir Hugh IVillonghby for Edward the VI, and of the full Occupancy thereof, and the Dilcovery of the Ufc and Profit of thole Seas in the Whale-Fifhery, by ^zEng- lijh MufcovyCom^zny , for Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth. However within the Limits before laid down, ought ever to be re- quired (and forced in cafe of Refufal) from all Ships or VefTels that the Britijh Ships of War meet with on thofe Seas, the ftriking their Flag and lowering their Toplail ; or, where they have no Flag, the lowering their Toplail only, in Acknowledgment of his Majefty's Sovereignty therein. This Cuftom of ftriking the Flag, or Topfail, has prevailed in The Duty e/ the Britijh Seas, likewife, by Prcfcription of Time immemorial, ha- -J/^^ifcf' ving been ever attendant on the Dominion thereof; and lb is to be looked upon, not as an honorary Salute or Ceremony, but as an abfolute Sign of the Acknowledgment of the Right of that Domi- F z nion. ^•6 Of People who have fiotirijljed Book I. Its Antiquity. Anno lioo. Sahdes paid p the Engllfli itag at llleckery in Norway, Dunkirk, Helvcet Siuice, Fayal, Li/bon, Dunkirk, Cadiz, ni6h". For the Antiquity of it, \vc have an ancient and ample Te- fl:im6ny in that memorable Record of King yohn, enricled, The Or- dinance at Hajiings^ from the Place where it bore Date, in the fe- cond Year of his^ReigO', Anno ixoo. By that it is declar'd, C8at it ti)t lieutenant tff ti)t iMttg'^ fleet, in am Sd.mil €vpcliittDft, no meet mi) on tlje Sea anp Sijip0 ox CtcfTel^, iaoru o? unia-- Dtn, tijot tDiil not Mil anti lotatr tfjeir %d.i\s at tfje ConmianU 0f tU Lieutenant of tfjc fi^fng, o? tf)c J^ing'p anmiral, o? m Ifhitenant, tut mi fiffijt tuttf) tfjem of tf;c fleet, fuc/), iT tii-- Ren, (ijnll fee reputcn ajj ^nenifejs, anti tfjeir %fii^0, Cif firci'0 anlr ^oonsj be fct?eB nnn fozfeiteu a0 tlje »©ooDS of €nenuegi, not= matttautsinff anp ttins tijat tlje i^alter^ o? OUmersJ tl-ereof map afteituaitijJ conic anti alletjffc Of fucfj Sfii'pgi, aelTeljs anu »55oo50, betnij tlje (J5ooti0 of tftofe in Snutp toiti) our loJti toe jCjtmjjf $iiiD tfjat tijc commdh g>ai(o|0 on fcoarn tlje fame fljatl be puni'fl)- en fo? tljeic EefceiUon tcitD 3!mp?ifonment of tfjeir IBoUies at Difcretion* During the long Series of Years between that and the prefcnt Time, this Ufage hath met with but very little Oppofition, the F"lag of England having been duly relped:cd, not only within the Bounds of the Britijh Seas, but without ; foitle Inftances whereofi in the former Part of the laft Century, I lliall here fet down. About the fixth Year of King Charles the I.'s Reign, Sir John 'Pennington then wearing an inferior Flag, and being at Uleckery iu Norway, a Fleet of T>iitch Ships ftruck to him in that Harbour. In the Year 1636, in the firft Voyage the Earl of Northumber- land made, who was then Lord High Admiral, the Happy En- trance, a Ship of his Fleet, meeting the Spanijh' Fleer, of about twenty fix Sail, between Calais and 'Dunkirk, (whither they were then carrying Money and Men) obliged them on their own Coaft to take in their Colours In the fame Ship, and in the fame Year, Sir George Carteret car- ried the Earl oi Arundel, our Ambaflador, to Helvoet Sluice, whcxQ Van Trump, the ©//^r/j Admiral, was then riding at an Anchor, who took in his Flag, akhough Sir George wore none himlelf, and falu- ted with Icven Guns ; but in regard he was in a Harbour of the States-General, he hoifted it again. In the Road oi Fayal ^ one of x.\\Q Azores Iflands, ^French Ship of War ftruck to one of ours, and kept iu her Flag while ours was in Sight. A French Ship of War coming out of the River of Lisbon, ftruck her Topfails to Sir Richard Tlumbly. The Admiral of Holland, at the Blockade oi T>unkirk, in 1635-, always ftruck his Flag to any of our Ships of War which came within Sight. A Squadron of Englijh Ships which came from the Coaft of S'ailey in Barbary, being in Cadiz Bay, and the Duke of Maqueda^ Admiral of Spain, being then going forth to Sea with a Fleet, they both mutually ftruck and faluted ; and the lame was done between Sir Chap. XII at Sea in all jig^es. 57 Sir Robert Manjel^ when going zoAlgier^ and 'Don Frederick dc Toledo-i\\t then Span'ijh Admiral. When Sir 'John Tenniugton carried Duke Hamilton into Ger- man^y in the Year 1631, thcTfittch Ships which he met with in the Bait Ilk Sea, made no Difficulty of ftriking to our Flag ; and even Baliick, the 'Dutch Admirals when in the Mediterranean have (truck to our MeJiter- Engl'ljh Ships of War. ranean. This Salutation, or Refpedt, as we have faid, due by Right of j/,.;j ^j,;,, the Sovereignty of the Sea, has been accuftomed by Prefcription of Time immemoriaf, and hath met with very little Interruption. So much as was, happened from the Repubiick of the United Pro- vinces, about the rimes we have been above fpeaking of, but with very ill Succefs to them; whole Oppofirion thereto, and unrealbn- ablc Claim to the Communiiy of the Sea againft the Br'ttijh Sove- reignty therein, was io far lufficient to bar the Prefcription in either Cafe, that it occafioncd a ibieran Acknowledgment of our Right in foUmniy ac- both, by their Treaty with Oliver Cromisjell in the Year 1653, the ^nrMkd£db-j thirteenth Article whereof runs thus : ^^ i» 1653, »' Item^ The Ships and Vcffels of the faid United Province?, as " well Ships of War, and fitted out for repelHng the Force of Ene- " mies, as others, which fhall, in the Britijh Seas, meet with any « of the Ships of the State of England, Ihall ftrike their Flag, and " lower their Toplail, in fuch manner as hath been ever obferv'd Jn " any time pad, or under any former Government whatfoever. Since that time due Care hath been taken in mod of the fuble- quent Treaties with the States General to infert an Article concern- ing the Duty of Striking, as was the tenth Article of the Treaty of i66z, the nineteenth of that oi Breda in 1667, and the fourth of 1661, that in 1673, which laft, bccaufe it is fo full and exprefs to our Pur- ''^^t. pole, and that therein is aicertained how far to the Northward and ^^'^^' Southward the laid Duty is required to be paid, I lliall here fet down. " The aforefaid States General of the United Provinces, in due " Acknowledgment, on their Parr, of the King o'i Great Britain's " Right to have his Flag rcjpcBcd in the Seas hcrcaftcr.-mcution'd, *' fhall and do declare and agree, that whatever Ships or VefTels " belonging to the laid United Provinces, whether VefTels of War " or others, or whether fmglc, or in Fleets, Ihall ihect in any of *' the Seas from Cape Finijicrre to the middle Point of the Land *' Van Staten in Norway, with any Ships or VefTels belonging to " his Majefty of Grc^r jSrir^i;/, whether thole Ships be fmgle or « in greater Number, if they carry his Majefly of Great Britain's " Flag or Jack, the aforelaid 'Dafc^ VefTels or Ships ihall ftrike their " Flag, and lower their Toplail, in the fame manner, and wkh as " much Rclpcd:, as hath at any Time, or in any Place been for- " merly pradtiled towards any Ships of his Majefty's of Great " Britain, or his PredeccfTors, by any Ships of the States General, " or their PredecefTors. It 38 Of People who have floiirified Book I. ohieri,.uions \i is fiDce thcfc timcs likewife that it hath become neceflary, in en the uje of ^^q^q Articlcs of Trcatics of Peace wherein are afccrtain'd the Places the lenn, I he ,-,»-. n ii i rr cl Britini Seas, where, and Times when iuch Peace Ihall take etfea:, to rake care in jre.ities xh;^^ f jie Scas belonging to Great Britain be exprefs'd by the Name Na(L.^ "'"^ ^^ the Britijh Scas , as was done by the Treaty of Peace which CronrdVcU made with France, by the Treaty with Holland in 1667, and by the Treaties of Ryfjiick and Utrecht. Where it hath hap- pened otherwifc, as in the Treaty with France nx. Breda, in 1667, and fome others, it is to be looked on as a great Omiflion, and a fort of tacit Departure from the Right of Britain to thofc Seas, by negledting To fair an Opportunity of aflcrting it, in giving them their proper Name of the Britijh Seas. Of this wc find the Mi- nifter who negotiated with France the Treaty for a Suipcnfion of Arms iu 1712., was very well aware, as well as the French Mini- fter with whom he concluded the fame. The latter had infeited ia the Draught fles Alers qui entonrent les IJJes Britanniqnes) the Seas which iurround the Britijh Ifles, and cited the forelaid Treaty of Breda as a Precedent. The Britijh Minifter ihewed him thar, before that Treaty, the ExprefTion had always run Maribm Britannicis, particularly in the Treaty with Cromiz'ell; and that Treaty of the Errof committed in that of Breda, had been rcdtificd in that Breda, ^f RyfjL'ick ; and uotwithftanding the other's Endeavours to retain his Words, by entering into the Difpute of Sea-Dominion, and o- therwifc, he peremptorily infifted on having them razed our, and altered according to his Mind. This, as it appears by the Treaty, was accordingly done in the latter Part of the third Article, but m the former Part of it, happened to be unluckily omitted, although in that Place moll of all neceffary. For there inftead of laying (as it appears by what is abovc-faid was intended) that " the Ships, Goods, " and Efredts which Urall be taken in the Chanel, the Britijh, and " North Seas, after the Space of twelve Days, to be reckon'd from *' the figning of the laid Suipcnfion, Dial! reciprocally be reftorcd " on both fides:" The Words, the Britijh, are left out, and fo anomif.on. the Agreement runs for only Iuch as fliould be taken in the ChaneJ therein and North Scas. This very Omifi^ion was it that occafioncd the Lofs of a Merchant-Ship called the Favour, taken, after twelve Days from the Date of the Treaty, by a French Privateer, in the Latitude of fify three Degrees, and about eighty or a hundred Leagues IV. N. IV. of Freland, and condemned in France as Prize, as alio of Ibmc other Ships in the like Cafe ; for their Owners claiming the Benefit of the faid third Article, the late Queen, by realbn they were not taken within the Limits of the Chanel, or of the North Seas, according to the Letter of the laid Article, could not intcrpolc for their Rcftitution, although they were taken many Leagues within the Wcftern Limits of the Britijh Seas. a be rechfied. Hcrc WC might culatgc On the Impropriety of particularly men- tioning the Chanel with the Britijh Scas, as if it were not a Part of them, as is done towards the Clofe of the Article above-menti- oned, and in forae other Treaties 5 and in oblcrving how much better it Chap.XIL at &c a in all Ages. it would be to include all the Seas furrounding Great Britain un- der the general Name of the Britiflj Seas, as is done in the Trea- ties of Ryfivick and IJtrecht ; but it is now time to put an end to this long DigrefTiou, and return to the Purfuit of our Dcfign. Having thus deduced from the firft Ages of the World to our own Times, a general Account of the People who have flouriihed at Sea, we fliall from thence icledt fuch as have made the mod confi- derable Figure among rhem, and enter into a particular Detail of their Naval Affairs, which Ihall be the Subjedt of the following Books. 39 '\ A COM- 41 A ■f^' A C OMPLEAT H I S T O RY Of the moft Remarkable TRANSACTIONS at SEA. BOOK 11. Containing an Account of the moft re- markable Naval Tranfad:ions through- out the World, from the Expedition of the Argonauts to the Dilfolution of the RomanEmpkc by the Irruptions of the barbarous Nations. Chap. I. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the Expedition of the Argonauts, to the breaking out of the War with the Perfians. [HE People who firft occur to us to be particularly confidercd are the Grecians^ in regard they arc the moft ancient of thofe whofe Affairs afl~ord fit Matter for Naval Hijiory. Under this Denomination we are to comprehend not only the Inhabitants of Greece^ but alio rhoic of the Iflands of the Mgean Sea, and Grecians, of the Coafts of AJia Minor^ where the Grecians planted Colonies, without excluding even the People of Sicily. Among the Greeks^ G Argos 42 iSJaval Travfadions before the Book II. Argos is laid to be the firft who built a long Ship, from whom Ihc was likcwile c^\\c<\ Argos ^ and the Perions who made ufe of her s Mengreaa. to " Colchis dcrivcd the Name of Argonauts. "Jafon^ a Prince of Argonauts. Thejfaly-, was the Pcrlon under whofc Conduft this Expedition was ^Ahn't The undertaken, wherein he was accompanied by Cajior and Tollux, year of the HcrciileSy Tela7noj.'^ Orpheus, and others of the molt confiderable worid,i-iiA- Qiiality in Greece. Their Dcfign was in Queft of the Golden ^ill'l ^ ' ' Fleece, by which Nanve it is .generally thought was undcrftood ci- ■Before the x\-^^^ q great Trcafurc carried to Colchis by "Pbryxus ., or elle the RomeVi Gold Mines of -that Country. Whatlbever it was, yadalm was a noble froves Navi- Athenian of great Quality, and the mod: extraordinary Genius of gMton. jj^^j. ^gg |-Qj. j-j^g Mechanicks, who happening to kill his Sifter's Sou at Athens, fled to Crete, and there entring into the Service oi Mi- nos , put his Naval Affairs in the raoft flouriihing Condition they had ever yet been, by making feveral very confiderable Iraprove- n^ents iq f he V^^ of Mafts, Yards and Sails ; for the Grecians be- fore his Time depended chiefly on their Oars, having very little Knowledge of the Management of Sails. Here he became a Party in Ibme criminal Intrigues, tor which Minos threw him into Prifbn, from whence efcaping with part of the Fleet aforeiaid, it gave Rife to the Fable of his flying with Wings from Crete to Sicily. In that jiiesioQozz- Country he was received into the Proted:ion oi Cocalus, who re- \n% King of fufing to deliver him up to Minos, there enfued a long and bloody "^' ^' War between thofe Princes, wherein at length Minos was flain ; to revenge the Death of whom, the Cretans fitted out a great Fleer, The Cretans and repaired again to Sicily. So intent were they on the Profecu- wx-ijrfeSKiiy, jjQn of this Quarrel, that they paffed over in fuch great Numbers as to leave their Country almoft uninhabited. On their Arrival ia hefiege Cami- Sicily they laid fiege to Camicus, the Royal Seat of Cocahis, but cus. having fpent five Years before it , were obliged to raife the Siege. Then embarking their Forces in order to return home , they met with fuch furious Tempefts, that delpairing ever of feeing their Coun- try again, they put into the Gulph of Tarcntu7n, and landing there, [tnit in Italy, took up their Habitations in Italy. On this occafion the Inhabi- tants of Gr^^f^-^-properly fo called, to whom the Cr^/^^» Wealth and Power had long appeared formidable, oblerving the great Fer- ♦ tility, Ch A p. I. Dijfjbliitioti of the Rom. Emprc. 4.3 tility, and commodious fituarion of that Ifland, now wot o;ily un- ^^< Greeks defended, but alraoft uninhabited, fcnt over numerous Colonics, and ^"^''^ ^^'^'^" took PofTelfion thereof-^ from which time it was reckoned among the Grecian States, and, as iuch, in few Years af'er contributed its Quota of eighty Ships, under the Command o^ Idomenens and Me- idomencu? rioti for the Trojan Wars. ^'^^^ Msrion. In the beforemeutioncd Expedition oi Hercules to Troy., HeJiouCj Hefione edition of Fleet of one thouiand two hundred Sail; to Iuch a degree were ?''« Greeks iomedcs and "Phrlocfetes were driven to different parts of Italy. Some came to untimely ends by the Sword, and many pcrilhcd by Shipwrack. As foTlJlyJfes, the fates Icemed to inflidi a double portion of Revenge on him, for the principal ihare he had in the Dcftrudion of Troy ; for after the various Af- flidions he had undergone in his long wandrings about the Sea, re- turning to his Country, he was flain by his Son F/egonm, whom he had by Circe. So that upon the whole, that numerous Army, and great Fleet of one thouiand two hundred Ships, feem to have occafioned as much Dcftrudion to Greece as they carried to Troji. After this Greece enjoying for many Years a profound Peace, it became fo overftockcd with People as that it was found neceffary to fend out Colonies to Foreign Parts. The firft of them was that of the lonians, a People of Athens, who palling over into Afia Minor and the Iflands on that fide, invited by the richnels of the Soil, and the goodnefs of the Climate, they there fettled thcmfclvcs, and building therein twelve Cities, gave the Country the name of Ionia. Thofe Cities in procels of time, en account of their extra- ction from the fame Original, united into one Common Wealth, and relying on their great Strength by Sea and Land, had the courage to wage War with the moft Potent Princes of thofe Ages. Some time after this Expedition of the lonians, the T elopojinefians fenc out numerous Colonies to the Weftward, who planted themfelves in Italy, and there built Crotona, Tarentum, and other very confi- derable Cities ; fo that from them all the Southern parts of Italy had the name of Magna Gracia. As yet the Greeks were unacquainted with the Art of Naval War, and feemed chiefly intent either on the improving their Trade, or the Propagation of their Name and Power, by the fwarms of Peo- ple fent out, as abovementioned, to Foreign Countries. But above four hundred Years after the taking of Troy, the Corinthians, on occafion of their Wars with the People oi Corcyra, did, as I may prefume to fay, invent this Art, and fitted out a Fleet not only fur- nillied in a much more warlike manner than any in the preceding times, but alfo confifting of Veffels of a different and llronger form, that is, of Gallies with three Tire of Oars, which were at this time firft built by Aminocles, a Citizen of Corinth; for before their Gal- lies had no more than thirty, or at the moft fifty Oar?, all in the fame rank, or height from the Water. The Ifland Corcyra (now CorfitJ in the time of the Trojan War was inhabited by the T'haaces, who are celebrated by Homer in his Odyffes for their skill m Sea Affairs. Thefe People, about two Cen- turies after, were dilpoffcffcd by a Colony the Corinthians fent thi- ther, who built the City Corcyra, and impofed likewife that name on the whole Ifland. The Corcyraans treading io the fteps of the Thaaces^ Chap. I. Di(loh4tio7i of the Rom. Empire. 45 ^ ha aces whom they had turned our, and of the Corinth ians from whom they drew their Originc, did, from their very firft Sectlcmear, apply thcmfelves to Naval Affairs, and in Confidence of rhcir Abili- ties therein, had fevcral rude Skirmiihes at Sea with their Founders : But the Corinthians now engaging them with thele their new in- vented Gallies, did by a total defeat red^ice them to Obedience. This Battel is not remarkable either for the number of the ilain, or of the Ships iunk or taken, nor for the great condudt wherewith it The Corin- was managed on either fide, nor the fame or renown of the Com- "'°^"'^2' , manders, but only for that it is celebrated hy GreciaTiW nttrs zs by their the firft Naval liattel in their Country ; for as to what we have before ^^:<^ders. laid of Minos, from Tliny, that he was the firft who fought with Ships, ic is meant of his Expedition againfl the Pirates, wherein he may not be properly faid to have fought any fet Battel, but that he had only Skirmiflies and finglc Engagements, as occafion offered. Next after the Corinthians., the lonians, as hath been mentioned r>S.e lonians. before, became the moO: conriderable at Sea, and (thofe of the If]ands elpecially) relying on their great Naval Force, iet at Defiance the Threats and Power of the mofl flourilhing Monarch oi ^/la at that time. Of the twelve Ionian Cities before taken notice ofy Samos and Chios were firuatc in two Iflands of the fame Names. Againfl thcic Crwfiis, King of Lydia, preparing a great Armada, it is laid dcefus ;«- that Bias ( celebrated for his Wifdom among the feven Sao;es of '^"'''"S. "> '•"- Greece) happening at that time to come to the Court oi' Sardesy the King asked him, IF hat News from Greece? Sir, faid he, the i' dijf^adcd Jfiandcrs intend to invade you with an Army of ten thoufand Horfe. ^^ ^'^^• Heaven cannot favour my IViJJ-jes more, replied the King, than for thofe Iflanders to venture themfelvcs on the Continent, and think to attack me with Land Forces. True, faid Bias, and what more does your Majefly think the Iflanders defire than to get you, whofe Arms have ever been employed ajhore, on their own Ele- menty the Sea, to which they have been always accuflomed, and ivherein their whole Strength and Tower confifls? Struck with the Force of Truth, the King took this able Minifter's Advice, and put a (top to his Naval Preparations, but could not withftand the impe- tuous Motions of his rcfllels Ambition, which hurried him on to turn his Arms againft tlic rifing Glory oiCyrus., King of Terjia ; but Croefus ovtr- with this fatal event, that he did, as the delufive Oracle had fore- "^' *^ ^^' told, overturn a flourifliing Kingdom, but it was his own, not that of the Enemy, as he had fondly interpreted it; and thus he became one of the grcatcft Examples of mortal Frailty, and the Inftability of human Afiairs. Mean while the lonians daily increafing the Reputation of their Naval Arras, held for fbme time the uucontefted Dominion of the Sea, and looked with the lame Eyes of Indifference on the Pow- er of Cyrus as they had before on that of Croefus, although by this time he had fubdued almofl all Afia to his Obedience. This they thought they might do with the more Impunity, for that the Ter- Jians had not hitherto fo much as fet foot on the Salt Water ; but long they did not triumph in this Succefs , for Ibme new Commo- tions rus. ^6 Naval TranfaB'tons hefore the Book 11 The lonians overcome b") ihe Perfuns. A. M. 34C'''- Cambyfcs. Polycratcs beats the Lef- bians, fortifies Sa- il! OS, and takes fe- ■veral IJlands. His ftrange fortune and Politicks. Invaded l>y the Lacedx- monians in rain. tions in Terjia requiring the Prefcncc of Cyrus there, he commitrcd the Ionian War to the Care of his General Harpagus , who in a Ihort time reduced, either by Force, or Treaty all the Ionian Citicj on the Continent. The firft Town he took, among them was "Pho caay whofe Inhabitants being driven cut, they pur to Sea, and af- ter various Adventures, fettled at ATnrfeilles , as we have related in the foregoing Book. Cyrus being dead, he was fuccecded in the Terjian Throne by Cambyfcs. In his Time flouriflied Tolycrates, the celebrated Ty- rant of Sajnos before- menrion'd, who wasMaftcr of a hundred large Ships, bcfidcs a great Number of Gallics with three Tire of Oars. The Lesbians coming to the Aid of their Friends oi Miletus with all their Force, Tolycrates overcame them in a Sea Fight, and took as many Prifoners as ferved him to draw a Ditch round the Walls of Samos. After this he fubdued many more Iflands and Towns on the Continent, and indeed invaded all his maritime Neighbours without any Difference, having eflabliflied this for a Maxim with himfejf, that he gratified his Friend more by reftoring what he had taken from him, than if he had not taken any thing away. So great was this Prince's Succcfs, ihzx. Amajfs, King oi Mgypt, his Friend and Ally, fufpedling that fuch an uninterruprcd Courfe of Profperity muft have fomc dilaftrous End, wrote to him, and defired he would make Ibme certain Change therein, by chufmg out the thing he lee the grcatefl: Value on, and fo to make it away as that he might ne- ver more enjoy it. To comply with this Advice, he went on board one of his Ships, and threw into the Sea his Signet, which was an extraordinary rich Emerald let in a Ring of Gold : But it {o hap- pened that the next Day a Filherman taking a very large Filh, pre- iented it to the King, as only worthy of it, in which, when it was cut up, was found the Pvoyal Signet. Amajis hearing this, rook fuch Affurance that unfortunate rauft be the End of this prodigious Succefs, that he immediately renounced his Fi iendihip and Alliance, left he Ihould be involved in the fame Calamities, which he thought muft neceffarily fall upon him. When Camhyfes was railing his Forces for an Expedition he had undertaken to reduce j¥.gyj>t^ Tolycrates defired him underhand to fend to him for forac Supplies, who doing fo, he picked out fuch of his Samians as he thought moft ripe for Rebellion, and embarking them on board his Gallics, lent them accordingly to Cambyfcs, at the fame time defiring him not to let any of thcfe People come back. The Samians, neverthelcfs upon the Conclufion of that War, found Means to withdraw themfelves from Cambyfes, and went to Laccdamon to crave Aid of that State againfl the Tyrant, whofe Power was now grown fo formidable to the reft oi Greece that it was cafily granted ; and the Corinthians likcwife entered into the fame War. The Lacedamonians coming with a great Fleet to Sa- mos, beficged the City, but endeavouring to ftorm it, were repulfed with fome Lofs; and having in vain fpent forty Days in the Siege (fo valiantly was it defended by Tolycrates) they then returned home to Teloponncfus. This their Departure, fome reported, was procured Chap. I. Diffohit ion of the Kom. Empire. 47 procured by Tolycrates's coining a great Qiiantity of Leaden Mo- ney, which he covered over with Gold, and diftributed among the Enemy's Officers. Some time after, Orates the King of Tcrjias Vice-Roy at Sardes^ and SuccefTor of Harfagns in that Govern- ment, finding himl'elf reproached at Court, for that he had not yet annexed Samos to the King's Dominions, which lay fo near to his Province, and lb eafy, as his Enemies allcdged, to be reduced, did by all means compals the Deltru6tion of Tolycrates, and became the Inftrument of an unfortunate End to him whom Atnajis had fo violently fulpedred. This Orates knowing Tolycrates's Ambition ^^ chcumven- to become Matter oi Ionia, and thelflands, he fent to acquaint him '^^'''^ °'^*^" that he was not ignorant of the commendable Ambition he had to polTels himielf of thole Provinces he fo well deferved ; but that hearing he had a prcfent Occafion of a Supply of Money, and know- ing that his own Deflrudtion was determined by his Mailer Cam- byfes, if he would receive him into his Protection, he iliould have half of the King's Treafure which he had in PolTeflion, whereby he might not only attain his Ends in j^/ia, but even the Sovereignty of all Greece. T'olycratcs with great Joy received the MelTage, being very ava- ritious ; and to make lure Work of it, firft lent over Maandrius his Sccittary. Orates knowing him to be a cunning and circum- Iped; Man, filled feveral Cherts with Stones, and covering them ac the top with Gold, thereby deceived him. 'Polycrates was diflua- ded by all his Friends from going over , notwithflanding which , and many Omens and Prefages of ill Succefs, he embarked with a flender Retinue to fecure this Treafure, and going up the River Ma* under as far as Magtiejia, was there feized by Orates., and nailed to """^ (ruci^ei, a Crofs. As for Camby/l's, tho' he did not himfelf do any thing very re- markable at Sea, yet was he the occafion of that great Accefllon of Naval Power to the fuccceding Kmgs of 'Perjia, which enabled them to give fo much Difturbancc to the Grecian Affairs. In his before- mention'd Expedition to jEgypt, he by the way reduced to his O- 5'^™''^'^^^'' bedience the Phanicians, lo long celebrated for their Naval Strength nicllL! c-T and Knowledge ; and having lubducd jEgypt, was defirous to add Carthage to his Empire, giving it in charge to the T'hanicians to conquer that City : But they defired to be excufed from erabruing their Hands in the Blood of their own Relations, it being a Colony of theirs who firft founded that City, as well as many others both within and without the Mediterranean, as we have mentioned in the firft Book. From the Account there given of thcfe People, we fhall not at all wonder that, chiefly in Confidence of their great Abili- ties at Sea, the Kings of Tcrjia ventured to wage a Naval War with Greece, then near arrived to her moft flourilhing Condition. C H AF. 48 Naval Traiifaclions hfore the Book II. H A P. II. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the breaking Ota of the Perfian fFar, to the Defeat of the Perfians, and the burnmg thetr Fleet at the Promontory Mycale. I Pcifians wur againft the Grecians. Sub Anno Mundi 3400. Arilbgoras deferts the Petlians, files to Cleo- mencs. Athens de- clares IVar a- gatnfl the Per- lians, and bum Sar- des. The Sea- Tight off Lada. THIS War was principally occafioned by the Athenians, who DOW firfl: began to be Mafters of a Naval Force. About this time jfir'tjiagoras. Tyrant of Miletus in Ionia, having abdicated his Government, on account of fome Mifraanagements for which he feared to be expelled by the 'Perfians, he withdrew to Sparta, and reprefented to Cleomenes, then reigning there, the Hardfhips oi Mi- letus and the other Colonics of Ionia, which groan'd under the ^er/ianY ozk. The great Courage and Power of the Grecians he artificially fet off to be yet much greater than it was, at the fame time exprefling hirafelf very contemptibly of the Terfian Strength, andihewing howeafy a Task ic would be io\ Greece, but more elpeci- ally the Spartans, to drive out of the Lejfer Afia ib weak an Ene- my, who, in coraparilbn of them, were totally ignorant of the Art of War. But Cleomenes was too wife a Prince to hearken to thefe Delufions of an Exile, and engage in fo hazardous and unneceffary a War ; who defpairing of Succefs at Sparta, repaired ta Athens to involve that City in his Misfortunes. On his Arrival there, an Af- fembly of the People being called, he made ufe of the fame Argu- ments as he had to Cleomenes, adding further, how reafonably the lonians might exped: Afliftance from Greece in general, but mod of all from the Athenians, as being their particular Colony. Scarce had he ended his Speech, but they decreed War againft Verjia, and immediately fitted out a Fleet of twenty Sail for Ionia, where land- ing their Troops, they marched a few Miles up into the Countrey, and furprized and burnt Sardes the Capital of Lydia. The News whereof coming to ^Darius, then keeping his Court at Sufa, he made a folemn Vow to be revenged on them, and ordered one of his Attendants who flood by, every time he fat down at Table, to cry out. Sir, remember the Athenians. Nor were his Threats ia vain, for foon after, with a great Fleet, of which the Phoenicians made up the beft part, he prefently reduced, as it were on his way, Lesbos, Chios, and other Iflands of the yEgean, who foon rifing in Rebellion, as ufually newly conquered Countries do , there enlued that memorable Fight between the Terfians and Iflanders at Lada, which was the moft confidcrable that had been hitherto fought at Sea, from the beginning of the World to this time. Lada was a fmall Ifland lying off Miletus : Near this the two Fleets came to an Engagement, that of the Icnians confifting of three hundred Gallies, and the Terjians of double the Number. The Battel was fought with great Courage and Refolution on both fides ; on the «ne for Glory and Honour , on the other for their Lives and Li- 4 berties ; i Chap.il D/ffohition of theKom. Empire. 49 berries ; thcfe encouraged with the Defire of Conqueft, aud thofe animated with Defpair, the laft Refuge in Rebellion, The T'er/iafis, TheVetfuna notsvithftanding their great Superiority, had gone near to have been ^"" '*« ■'- defeated, but that the Samiaus, who were in the RighcWing (fuch was -^''" *"' the Diipolal of their Fleers in thole Times) quitted the Fight, on what Occafion is uncertain, and fo left the Center expofed to the Fury of the Enemy. Thus the remaining Part of the Fleet being furrounded on all fides by fuch unequal Numbers, and feeing them- iblvcs treacheroufly defei ted, were only intent on Idling their Lives as dear as they could, and died bravely in the Bed of Honour. This Victory was followed by the immediate Surrender and Sacking of Miletus, in Sight of which it was obtained : And Samos, Chios, f"'^^- Miletus, and other neighbourino; Illands were cruelly ravaged aud laid wafte $-1"'"^' , , ■ I- , ■ r-y ° •' ° Chios, ff. by the mlultmg Conquerors. And now ^Darius had nothing left to do, but to purfue his Re- ■■enge againft [\iQ Athenians., and the reft oi Greece ; to which Pur- ^'". ^'^'"^•H ' ie, early the next Spring, he deputes Mardonitis, to whom he 1''^ji",1"k' i.id lately given his Daughter in Marriage, to reduce it to his Obc- thcnians, dieuce. He, on his Arrival on the Coaft, took upon him the Com- i.nind of the Fleet, confifting of the Sea-Force of Cdicia, Cyprus, jEgypt, and Tbcenicia, (on the Ships and Sailers of which laft he Principally relied) and there embarking a confiderable Body of Troops, having appointed the reft of the Land- Army to meet him at the Hel- l fpont, he let fail for that Place, where receiving them on board, he made the beft of his way for Greece. In his Paflage thither, coaftmg about the Mountain Athos (now Cape di Monte Santo) he their vUet is met with luch a violent Tempeft, as proved the entire Deftrudtion ''^fi'-'j^^ h of this Expedition, three hundred Ships, and twenty thoufand Men " pcrilhing therein. Mardonius himfclf naade a lliift to efcape, but was in a lliort time recalled, as a Perfon not fit to be entrufted with the Management of the War, which was committed to the Care of 'Datis, a Mede, and Artaphernes the King's Nephew. Thele Generals having gotten together a very numerous Army, t% equip a came down to the Sea Coafts oi Ciliciay where they found a great »««' J^'^^'.^cc. Number of VefTcls, of a peculiar Built for the Tranfportation of Horlc, which 'Darius had ordered the maritime People of the Le/^ jer AJia to get ready for this Expedition, Embarking the Troops, they let fail with a Fleet confifting of fix hundred Gallies, befides Tranlports, and reducing moft of the Iflands Cyclades iu their way, landed fafely iu ^ Eubaea with an Army of above a hundred • Now Ne- thoul'and Men. There in few Days they had Eretria furrender'd to gropon^e. them, and thence pafilng over into Attica, were met on the Plains oi Marathon by Milttades the Athenian General with a Body of B«f «< Mara- chofen Troops. Who Ihould have feen both Armies ranged in or- ^^°^ der of Battel, would have thought them a vaftly unequal Match, that under Mi/tiades not amounting to above eleven thoufand Men, but they indeed full of Courage and Bravery. On the Signal for the Charge, the Athenians rulhed on with fuch incredible Fury and ^;" ^'(J'^ni-^ Precipitation, as difordered the Enemy on the very firft Shock, and ans, at length entirely routed, and put them to flight. They retreated a m 3459. H in 50 Naval Tranf actions lefore the Book II. in great Confufion toward their Ships, but were io clolbly puriiied by the Athenians, that they again engaged them as they were em- and thtirvhet barking. Some of their Ships they took, and ibmc they fct on fire ; aoain dejiroy ^^^ ^^^ wholc Coaft was z Sccnc of Slaughtct and Deftrudion. In this AtStion is defervedly celebrated the Behaviour oiCyii^girus, an Athenian Captain, who, as a Gaily full of Terjians was purring off Thenottdva- from the Shore, carched hold of the Rudder with his Right Hand lourofc-inzi- ro prevent their Efcape, which being prefently lopp'd off', he feiz'd -^"^"^' it with his Left, and lofing that too, faftned his Teeth in it, and expired ; that lb it might appear that even Rage and Fury prompted him to attempt what his Valour could not perform for the Service of his Country. r;.?Perfians Upon this ill Succefs, by Sea and Land, the Ter/ian Generals arm anew, made the beft of their way back to A/ia ; and T>arius, on the News of their Defeat, immediately began new Levies for another Army, and gave Orders for fitting out a Fleet : But in the midfl: of thefe Darius'f Preparations he died, and was fuccceded in the Throne by his Son Yitaih. Xerxes. He, either to revenge his Father's Dilgrace, or through a real Ambition of adding Greece to his Dominions, carried on the Preparations with great Vigour, and was entirely bent on profccu- The JEgy^W' ting the War; but juft at the fame i\xnz Aigyj>t rifing in Rebellion, ans rehd a- j^g thought it neceffary firft to extinguiih that Flame, and invading ^blt are re- ' the Couutty with a great Force by Sea and Land, he, in the firft duced. Year of his Reign, reduced it to his Obedience, and impofed fuch hard Condxnons on x.htAigy_ptians, as he thought fliould leave them little room to rebel again. Having thus fettled j^gypt, he turned his Thoughts wholly to the Reduction of Greece, aud refolving to compals it, if human Power polTibly could, he Ipent three whole Years in his Preparations, and at length, in the fifth of his Reign, fet out from Sufa with the greatcft Army that ever the World knew, at the fame time having ready on the Coafts a very formidable Sea- Force, which confided of a Fleet of four thouland and two hundred Sail, twelve hundred of them Gallies with three Tire of Oars, and the reft of them from fifty ro thirty Oars each. Of thefe the largefl carried two hundred and thirty Men, and the leaft about eighty, as well Soldiers as Rowers : The whole Fleet having on board in all about five hundred and eighty thoufand Men. The firft Effort of The Perfians this mighty Naval Force was againft the Mountain Athos, a very """ '", high Promontory of Macedonia, jutting out into the Sea between thos. the Gulphs of Strymon and Singtis, join'd to the Continent by a Neck of Land about a Mile and a Quarter over, and is now known by the Name of Cape di Monte Santo, as before obferved. And becaufe the Fleet under Mardonius had met with fuch a terrible Xerxes makei Difafter in doubling this Cape, Xerxes gave order for cutting a art iflandof ^ Chaucl thtough the Ifthmus, which was in a fliort time perfected, 10 as to admit of two Gallies a-breaft to pals through. There was a great Ambition among the Ancients of making Iflands oiTetiinfiila'Sf as was more than once attempted by the Kings of ^gypt in cutting the Ifthmus of Suez, aud by Nero in that of Corinth, which had Ibme Shew of Profit and Advantage ; but Chap. II. Difjohttwu of the Rom. Empire. 5 1 bur this, fince they might fafely enough have gone round the Cape, was only a moft fooliih Vain-glorioufncfs, and unicalbnable Oftcnta- tion of prodigious Power, to httle or no Purpole, the Chanel in a Ihort time growing dry, and leaving fcarcc the Footftcps of lb flu- pcndous a Work. The Land Army being now arrived near the Sea Coall, Xerxes gave Orders for laying a Bridge over the Hellefpoiit , which being uys abridge iharrercd and broken down by tempeduous Weather, he commanded l^^^^''^^^"''' the Heads of the Workmen to be cut off, the Sea itlclf to be whip'd with three hundred Stripes, and a Pair of Fetters to be thrown into it, in token of its future Subjcd^ion. He then made two Bridges of Gallics Jo well anchored, and iccurcd to each other, that they rcCirted the Violence of the Weather, and the whole Army paficd over in Icven Days and Nights, the Troops on the one, and the Slaves and Carriages, with the Baggage on the other. The Army being now arrived in Europe^ his next Care was to take a Review of his Naval Force, to which Purpofe he went on board a Ship mag- nificently fitted for his Reception, where fitting on the Deck under a Golden Canopy, he fiiled about and viewed the whole Fleet, fre- quenrly asking TJcmaratus the Spartan King, then in Exile, and with him, if 'twas pofllble for any Mortal to be more happy than himfelf Themljtocles was at this time the Man who boic the mod Thcm-flo- confiderable Sway in Athens^ being a Perfon of very extraordinary ):^"/^^ "" Abilities, and who had from his Childhood given his Country great Hopes of his Courage and Conduit. While he was yet very young, he was the principal Occafion of rhc War with the ^ginetans^ who had, without any manner of Neceffuy, complied with the T'er/lan Pcrfnades the Demands of lending Earth and Water, in acknowledgment of their y,,^'^^"'';"^^^^. Subjcdion ; in which War the ALginetaiis were entirely worfled, ginetans, , and quite lofl: their Dominion at Sea. Themijiocles wifely forelceing the S:orra that was gathering in 'Perjia, perluadcd x.\\c Athenians to build thoic Ships againft x\\c j^ginetans, for which they Ihould have future Occafion againfl: the Terjians : He made it likewifc his Bu- finefs, upon all Occarion"^, both publickly and in private, to induce his Countrymen to apply themlelves to Sea Affairs, and look upon a Naval Force as the moll cffcdtual Means of obtaining both Safety and Power. Puifuant to this whoHome Advice, \.\\^ Athenians^ after the Battel ci Marathon, built two hundred Gallics of three Tire of Oars, and when Xerxes was now advancing againfl: them, and they confulted the Oracle of "Delphos thereupon, they received for aniwer, that they muft trufl: to their wooden Walls. Themiftocles, and to fight who was of a mod ready Wit on Inch Occafions, told them the mean- 'f^ ''erfuns ing of the Oracle was, tliat their Shipping mufl: be their Safe-guard ; ^ that their Country did not confift in their Walls, but their People, that the City o^ Athens was whcrefoever they themfelves were, and that they had much better trufl: their Safety to their Fleet, than the Town, which was very little able to endure a Siege. The Athenians accordingly tranlported their Wives and Children, with their mofl valu- luablcEffedrs, to Ibmc of the neighbouring Iflands, and put thcmlclves, -* Hz with 5 2 Naval TraiifaBions hefore the Book li. with their Ships, under the Condudl of Themijtocles, to fight for their Country. The Perfian Thc 'Per (Ian Fleet \v?.s by this time got to the Height of Mount Fleet jUttercd 'PelioH, oof fat from ylttlca, and having lain all Night at Anchor off i/y empcft. ^j.- ^i^^j. pIj^^j,^ about Day-break it began to blow very hard at North, and loon encreafcd to luch a Tcmpefl:, as four hundred of thc (tout- ed Ships were funk in few Hours, and all their Companies loft, toge- ther with a great Number of Tranlports, and other iinall VefTcls ; 1^0 that the Fleet was lefl'ened by a third Part before it came in Sight of the Enemy. Themijiocles in the mean time oblerving the great Obftrudlion the thc publick Service met vvidi from the mutual Grudgings and Re- fcntmcnts of the Grecians, periuadcd them to iacrifice their private Animofitics to the common Safety, and join unanimoufly in the Defence of their Country ; of which as xh^JEgtnetans were a part, he likewilc prevailed with them, notwithftanding their late Variance, to add their Naval Force to that oi thc Athenians ; and alfo, pur- fiiant to a general Relolution of Greece, lent to Gelou, King oi Si- cily., offering to enter into an Alliance with him, and dcfiring his Aid againft the Terfians. King Geion Ge/on was one of the moft powerful Princes of that Time, borh refiifes ro aid by Sea and Land, and was able to furnifli out a greater Number of ans. '^^"'" Ships than all Greece, having maintained a long War againft the Carthaginians, and given them levcral notable Defeats at Sea, When the Athenian AmbafTadors mentioned the Alliance, he lent a willing Ear to thc Propofal, and promifed to alTift them with Men, Money, and Provifions, together with a Fleet of two hundred Gal- lies, and even with his own Perfon, but all this upon Condition he might be conftituted GeneralifTimo of the Grecians, otherwife he could afford them no Aid, nor at all concern himlelf in their Affairs. They refuied the Conditions, as too unrealbnable, and unbecoming the Dignify of Athens, to whom, as the reft of Greece had com- mitted the Care of the Sea, they thought it would be diflionourable for them to yield that Preheminence to a Sicilian, and fo returned from this unliaccefsful Errand. The Athenian Thc Grecians being thus denied all foreign Aid, had only their fket at Arte- own Forcc to rcly on, and having gotten together a Fleet of one m. mm hundred and eighty Gallics, repaired to Artemifium, not far diftant from Telion, where the Pcrjians met with the afcre-mention'd Mis- fortune. This Artemifium was fituate at the Mouth of the Cha- nel which flows between Euboea and thc main Land of Greece, and was a dangerous Station for any Fleet to continue in, by reafon of the fuddeu and violent Gufts of Wind which frequently came down from thc Mountains both of the Ifland and the Main, and for that the Tides were lb uncertain, as to ebb and flow not only leven times a Day, (as the Ancients imagined) but were as variable as the Wind itlelf^ and often came with Currents as rapid as if they fell under The- from a ftecp Mountain. Tbetnijhcles, neverthelcfs, chofe this Place miitociesj to fight thc Encmy in, as being the raoft proper on levcral Ac- "" " ■ counts ; Ch ap. II Diffohttion of the Rom. Empire. 5 3 counts ; firft, for chir it was the readied PalTagc into Greece for all Ships coming from the Hcllcfpont^ and alio bccau'c there, by rea- fon of the Narrovvncls of the Srreight, the Enemy could not make u!"e of the Advantage of their great Superiority, not having room to extend their Fleer, or fight with more Ships than thcmfelves. Nor were the ^erfians at the fame time ignorant of Themijtocles's prudent Condud in this Matter, for which realbn they detached two hundred Gallics to fail round without the Ifland, and come at the other End of the Strcight aftern of the Athenians, that lb they might hem them in on both fides. To perform this Service, they made choice of the cnfuing Night, when having gotten about half way the length of the Ifland, there arofe lb furious a Storm of Wind, Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, as not one of the whole Number -w^^v of the efcaped, but were all IWallowcd up in the Ocean, and not a Man \l^^^Yefi^^HcA of their Companies laved. b-^ rcm;-efi. This was a fecond Blow from Heaven on Xerxes^s Hcer, but the Tcrjians entirely ignorant of what had happened, put themielves the next Morning in a Pofture for Fighr, expedling every Moment when the two hundred G.illics fliould make a Signal of their attack- ing the Rear of the Grecian Fleet. The Athenians as ignorant as the Enemy of what had befallen them, kept their Station in the Mouth of the Strcight, as before-mentioned, where the two Fleets Three seaEn- carae to an Engagement, which laded, with almofi: equal Lofs on ^^i'"'^^'' both fides, till Night parted them. The next Day they both pre- pared for renewing the Fight, when, as a damp to the Terjian Cou- rage, the Bodies of their Countrymen came floating down the Cha- nel in fuch Numbers as clogged their way, and checked the Stroke of their Oars : However, they at length joined Battel again, and with much the fame Succefs as before. The Day following the Gre- cians were reinforced with fifty three Gallies from Athens, and by them had the News of the Shipwreck of the ^erjians as they were going about the Ifland, which gave them new Courage and Rclblu- tiou. Mean while the Terfiinis, highly incenfed at the Rcfiftance they met with from fo inconfiderable a Force, and likewife fearing the Rcicntmcnts oi 2\erxes, for their making lb tedious a Bufiuefs of getting through the Chanel to Greece, now offered the Athenians Battel the third rime, who advancing a little way without the Streight, in the lafl there waited the Enemies Motions. The 'Terfians diipofed their "''•'«'■"'/ Fleet in a half Moon, in order to cncompafs the Athenians, who doubting they fliould fare the worfe if they fulfered them to contt- jiue in that Pollute, bore down fpcedily with Defign to break them. The Grecians never gave greater Proofs of their Courage and Bra- very than at this time ; but as much as they excelled in Valour and :raaririmc Skill, fo much did the Verjians in the Number and Nim- 'blenefs of their Ships. At length, after a long and obflinate En- .gagcment, wherein great Numbers were flain, and many Ships funk the Peifians and taken on both fides, the Fleets both drew ofT, but theVidory "^^ ^'^''"'"«' remained to the Tcrfians, the Greeks retiring haflily out of the Chanel, and leaving the Coafls open to them to make their Defccnt as they pleafed ; and at the fame time that they obtained this Suc- cefs 5+ Naval Tra7if actions hefore the B jok IL gain the Pafs at Thermo- pylae, A.M. 3470. and deftroy Athens. ' Nuzv Co- luri in the Culfh of En- gia. Artemifia'/ Advice to Xerxes. The Grecian vUet at Sa- lami's. Themiftocles endeavours to frevail milh the Confede- rates to fight at Sea. cefs at Sea, Xerxes with his Army gained the Pafs oiThermopyla:^ Leonidas King of Sparta, being firfl flain, who fo valianrJy de- fended if. Having thus opened his way into Greece^\z fell downinto^/'//V^ with his vaft Army, and miferably harrafling the Country, entered y^//jef/S, which he entirely burnt and deftioyed, without Iparing even the Temples of the Gods. Having ftaid there a few Days, he received Intelligence from the Delcrters that the ylthenians had retreated from Euboea to the Ifland ^ Salamis, and were there gathering toge- ther new Forces, whereupon he repaired on board the Fleet, where was held a general Council in his Prefence, to deliberate on the fur- ther Naval Operations, and whether they inould venture another En- gagement with the Grecians. The Kings of Tyre and Sidcn, who accompanied Xerxes in this Expedition, were firfl: asked their Opi- nions, who both declared themlelves for another Battel; but when it came to the turn oi Artem'ifia, Queen o'i Halicarnafftts, to fpcak, (who out of Duty to Xerxes, whole Tributary fhc was, had not on- ly join'd him with five large Galiies, but done very confiderable Ser- vices for him, as well at Artemifium as elfewherc, inlomuch that the Athenians offered a great Reward for any Perlbn who fhould bring her in alive or dead ) fhe enlarging fomewhat on the afore- faid Services rendered by her to the King, gave her Opinion, which file fupported with many powerful Arguments, that it would be mod: expedient for his Majefliy to lay afidc the Thoughts of any farther Operations at Sea, and march dired:ly with his Army into Telopon- 7iefus, the Confequence of which would be the breaking all the Mea- fures the Enemy had taken as a colledtive Body, and force them eve- ry one to fhift for themlelves, when they would fall an ealy Con- queft to his Majefly's Arms. Having taken all their Opinions, the King was much inclined to that of Artemijia, bur it was in Fate that the '^Pcrfiaiis (hould be beaten at Salamis, and, according to the Majority of Voices, it was refblved to fight the Enemy there. At this Place the Grecians, with a Fleet of three hundred and eighty Gallics, lay ready to receive them, when luddenly there was a Rumour ipread throui^h the Fleer, that Xerxes was advancing with all the Land Army into 'Pelopon- nefus, which flruck fuch a Damp into the Grecians, that all of them, except the Athenians, were againfl another Engagement. On this Occafion Thcmijfocles was extremely induflrious in going about to every one, fblliciting and prefling them to fight, but more elpecial- ]y to Eurjbiades, the Spartan Admiral, who commanded in chief^ praying and beleeching him not unadvifedly to ruin his Coun- try, and with his own Hands make a Breach in thofe Walls the Ora- cle had commanded them to trufl to ; telling him withal, that if they l^aid at Salamis, Glory and Honour and Vidory attended them, but if they departed, it would be to the fure and inevitable Deflrudiion of Greece. This Advice was moft true, but the Weight of it was much IcfTen'd, in that Themijlocles having no Country to lofe, it was thought he might more readily conlent to the hazarding that of others ; it being continually obje(iied to him, that it w'as not ; Ch A p. 1 1. Dilfoltition of the Rom. Empre. 5 5 not going at all upon equal Terras for them to fight for a Country in the Hands of the Enemy, and a City that had not Being, while Spaita, ^nd y^rgos, and 'Pe/oJ^Of/»e/us were left defencclcis, and expo fed an cafy Prey to the Invader. Themijiocks being thus repulfcd and reproached, he bethought himfclf of a Stratagem equally hardy and doubtful , but from which, if it fuccccded, he could gain nothing Icfs tlian immortal Honour. He icnds a trufty Themifiocies McHcnger to the ^Ferjian Admiral?, who, with all Profeirions of his deceives the Friendlhip, was to tell them, that the Grecians, afraid of the Power P'^'''*"^- they had lb lately felt, were determined the next Morning to (\y ; that now all the Force of Greece was united in one Place, and might be cut off at one Blow ; that they ihould by no means permit their Enemies to cfcape out of their Hands ; and if they let flip this Op- portunity, it might be long enough before Heaven would afford them fuch another. This was not more wifely concerted on one hand, than ir.diicretcly believed on the other; for xht Ter/iafis, that they might not have any thing to do in the Morning, dilpofed every thing for the Attack at Midnight, and block'd up the Streights The sea Tight of Salamis, that fo there might be no Poffibility of Efcape. The "' ^a'^imis. King placed himfclf on an Eminence on the Shore, there to fee the Fighr, and animate his People to behave themfelves well ; and the Grecians now finding themiblves almofl furrounded by the Enemy, became valiant out of pure Necefilty, and engaged with great Ar- dour and Alacrity. The Athenians had to deal with the Thoeni- cians, who were of greateft Reputation for Sea- Affairs among the Enemy, and the Spartans, not lb remarkably expert therein, were oppolcd to the lonians. In this Battel the Tcrjians are faid even to have outdone themfelves in Feats of Gallantry and Bravery, and the rather, for that they fought under the Eye of their Prince, whom, with their Fellow- Soldiers of the Land Army, they had to be wit- ncfs of their good or ill Behaviour, all the Hills and rifing Grounds along the Shore being covered with Xmvf'j's Troops, where him- Iclf, as we have faid, was on an Eminence from whence he mighi' befi: behold the Fight. But the Grecian Valour was iufuperable, in iomuch that the two Fleets joining Battel, that prodigious Multitude o^T'erJian Ships, although dilpolcd in the molt advantagious manner, were very loon dilbrdered, and fell foul en one another, the Gre- cians bearing down on them in a firm and unbroken Order. This was in a great meafurc owing to Themijiocles, by whole Advice it was that the Grecians deferred attacking the Terjians with the Beaks Ue Perfun of their Ships till the time the Land Breeze came up, when going fW heauny on right afore it, they were carried againfl them with great Violence, while at the fame time thofe of the Enemy were rendered almofl ufclefs, bccaulc, having the Wind in their Teeth, they could not op- pofe Beak to Beak, but received the Shock of the Grecians ou their Bow or their Broadfidc. There fell in this Battel, almoft at the beginning of it, Ariamenes "",'' ^^^*^"5^ the Tcrfian Admiral, a Pcrfon of great Valour, and Brother toXer- ^Cai'Jain' xes, whbfe Body floating in the Sea, amongfl many others, was ta- kcn up by Artemifia, and prclcnted to the King to be Royally in- terred. 5 6 Naval Tranf anions hfore the Book 11. terred. The Fight contiuued till late in the Evening, when many- Xerxes Uavei thoufands of the Terfians being (lain, the few Remains of their vaft Greece. Multitude retired in Confufion into the Port of Athens. Xerxes immediately call'd a Council on the prcfent Emergence, and, pur- luant to the Rcfolutions taken therein, made the heft of his way, by long Journies, to the Heliejponty where finding his Bridges bro- ken down by bad Weather, he parted over in a Fiflier-Boar, and land- ing in AJia, repair'd firft to Sardes, and then to Snfa^ his capital City, for fear of any Commotions the News of this Defeat might occafion there. Artemifia'i In this Engagement Queen Artem'tjia performed Wonder?, infb- vaiaur. much that Xerxes laid, his Men were turned Women, and the Wo- men become Men, thereby reproaching efpecialiy the Behaviour of the 'Phoenicians .f who fo far degenerated from the Naval Glory of their Anceftors, that they were the firfl who began to fly ; and i'uch of thefe as he himfelf particularly obferved performed not their Du- ty he immediately fcnt for and executed. In a general Affembly of Greece, when it came to be confiJered who had behaved beft in the Fight, the Lacedamonians, although they well knew not any of their own Body had performed ought that was extraordinary in it, yet bccaufe the Athenians, who had fo particularly flgnalized their Valour in that Day, Ihould not run precidency in away with the Gloty fo juftly due to them, prevail'd to have it or- ^tfThe JEoT ^^'■^'^' ^^^^ '^^ Heralds ihould make publick Proclamation, that of netans, ° the People of Greece in general the yEginetans, and of particular Perfbns Amynias, had delerved beft of their Country in the late Fight at Salamis. For this Preference given to the jEginetans there nwiAmynias, was no Shadow of Pretence, and as for that of Amynias, it was be- caufe he was the firft Captain who boarded the Terfian Admiral, and flew him with his own Hand, which although a very gallant and honourable Acftion, yet, a!as ! how infinitely does it fall fhort tho due to of the Merit of the great Themijlocles, born for the Defence and Th^emifto- Prefervation of Greece i He was a Man pofTefTed of every good Qiiality which could render him eminent in the Service of his Coun- try, but fo peculiarly excelled in the Knowledge of Sea Affairs, that he derived to himfelf the Sirname of Naumachus , or the Naval hUEncomium. Warrior. He needed now no longer to complain that the Trophies of Milt iades\vo\i\d not let him fleep, having archieved greater Ani- ons than he, and being himfelf to be efleemed as a more noble Pat- tern for Imitation to Poflerity. His Courage, Condud, and good Fortune it was which extorted from the Terjians the unwilling Con- feffion, that they were not any longer able to cope with the Gre- cians at Sea, as appeared not long after when they retreated from the Ifland Samos to the Promontory of My c ale ^ in Ionia., to have recourfc to the Prote(a:ion of the Land Army that was left by Xerxes to keep thofe Parts in Obedience ; where declining a Naval Fight, they haled their Gallies afhore, fortified them with a Trench and a Rampirc, and The Perfians joined the Army. Upon this the Athenians likewife landing, en- leaten by gagcd the wholc Fotce, and entirely defeating them, returned to the fh"ir'Fi'e"t Sea-Coafts, where they forced thcTerJian Fortifications, and burnt diflroytd. their Fleet, Chap. Chap. III. DiJJoIutio7i of the Rom. Empire. 57 Chap. III. Of the Naval IVar o/?/jjzus to Lacedamon.y with great Suras of Money, to endeavour if by, any means he could prevail with the Spartans to come to a Rupture with Athens, and invade Attica, that ib they might have Work enough on their Hands at home : But the Lacedamonians., although they were grown Juffici- ently jealous of the rifing Power oi Athens , yet at this time had they fiich a Reverence for the Treaties fubfifting between them, that they would by no means hearken to the Propofal, and Megahyziis returned without doing any thing. The Money the King had af ftgned to be placed among the Lacedauonians, he now applied to- wards carrying on the War in Aigypt againfl tht Athenians, the Ma- nagement wiiereof he committed to another Megabyzm, Son of that Zopyriii who recovered Babylon to 'Dariits. This General enter- ing j^gypt with a vad Army, gave the Aigyptians Battel, and en- ^^« -^gyp- rirely defeating them, forced the Grecians cut of the City of ^ Mem- t'i'eim "s'^ ^"^4- phis (of which they had been in Pofieffion fome time) into Byblns, ten iy Arta- on an Ifland of the Nile called 'Trojbpitis, and there laid dole ficge ^^^rxes. to them, who lb well defended themfelves, that they held out eigh- ''^^^l^" ''" teen Months. The Athenian Fleet lay in the River before the Town, but the Terfians at length turned its courfe, and drained the Chanel, fo that the Ships now remaining ufelefs, the Athenians fet fire to them, and furrendered the Place, on Condition they might Athenians be permitted to march in Safety to Cyrene. Arriving there, they, ^^^"'j ' ""^ at leveral times, got home, but in as raiferablc a Condition as if they had fuffered Shipwreck ; and as one Misfortune generally falls on the Neck of another, the Athenians having fent fifty Gallies to their Relief, on a Suppofirion they were fl;ill in B^blus, thefe, ut- ""' terly ignorant of what had pafi^ed, entered Mendcfium, one of the Mouths of the Nile, and landing the Troops they had on board, they were all cut to pieces by Alegabyzus, while the 'Bhoenician uthtrs are dc- Fleet which lay near attacked the Gallies, and entirely dcftroyed ^''T'^ '^d' '*« them. Such was the End of the Athenians fix Years War in JEgypt,^ from which if they had been io wife as to have taken warning, and contenting themfelves with their own, had withdrawn their Defircs from foreign Acquificions, efpccially far diftant ones, this Miyfor- tune in jEgypt, though (o fevere, had not been nnufeful to them; hut by knowing no bounds to their good Fortune, and a(fc6ting An Extent of Empire beyond the Abilirics of their City to maintain, they at length brought their flourilhlng Republick to Ruin. But to return to Cinion. He was the Perlbn amongft all the Gre- cians who mofl: efre(5tually weakncd the 'Perjian Power ; and (o clofcly did he puiliie them, that he would nor let them take breath, or put their Affairs in any manner of Pofture. For after the Death of Taufanias, the Athenians having obtained, through his Condud, the '62 N aval Ti^anfaBionsief ore the BookIL the lupicme Command at Sea, they feut him out at the Head of a cimon rida- confidcrable Flcct, wkh which pafTing over to \.\\z Lejfer Jlfia^ ail the as the Gre- Grecian Cities Upon the Sea-Coafl: immediately came in, and the '^l^^^^ ^"''' '" reft which were garrilbn'd by the Terfiaiis he took, partly by Storm, and partly by managing Intelligence within their Walls, fb that he entirely freed all the Coaft from Ionia to Tamphylia from the Ter- BUtstheVe.1- Jian Yoke. Then having notice that the 'Perfian Generals were en- mcdo"'^"'^^ camped with a Body of Troops on the Sea-Coaft, and fupported by a confidcrable Fleet, which lay in the Mouth of the River * Eurj- medon, he made the bcft of his way thither with two hundred Gal- lics, and came in upon the Enemy at break of Day ; who, furpriled Md at io unexpected an Attack, dclerted the Ships in Confufion, and joined their Army on iliore. The whole Fleet confifted of fix hun- dred Sail, two hundred whereof were taken, and of the reft the dtflroyi their grcatcft part lunk, or entirely difabled, very few of them efcaping. ^^"'- Cimon., flulhed with this Succcli, immediately lands his Men, and encourages them with the AfTurance of Vidtory, but more by his own Example, to engage the Enemy, which they did with great Fu- ry, and were received by them with equal Warmth. The Fight was very obflinate, and continued long doubtful, wherein many of the braveft Athenians., and among them not a few Perfons of Quality, were flain ; but at length the Enemy received a total Defeat, and a furious Slaughter was made among them. A. M. 3481. Thus did Cimon gain two entire Victories by Land and Sea in few Hours ; to render which fully complear, he repairs with the Fleet, the fame Day, to a neighbouring Port, where he had notice that eighty Sail of Thtenicians were arrived to the Afliftance of the E- nemy, not knowing any thing of their Defeat ; but they feeing the Grecians coming down upon them, and yet reeking with Blood and Sweat, fufpedted the Fate of their Allies, and in Defpair prefently fubraitted to the Conqueror. Theie Succeftes fo broke the Spirit of the 'Per^an, that he was glad to treat on any Terms, The Perfians and to Comply with this hard Condition, That not any of his Land 7e'rm°>r'^ Forces jhould come within fifty Miles of the Afiatick Coafi of the ptAct. Grecian Sea^ nor any of hii Ships of JVar beyond the Cyanean Iflands on the one fide, nor the Chelidonian Ifiands on the other : So that he was hereby excluded from the Tropontis, the Mgean, the Cretan, Carpathian, and Lycian Seas, from the Mouth of the Thracian Bofphorus, where lie x\ie Cyanean Ifles, to the facred Pro- montory (now C^ipc Ce/i don iaj in Lycia, off of Which are the C6^- lidonian Iflands beforc-mention'd. * The River en which noxu.ftands Candelora /» the GulfofSinWi. Chap. Ch AP. V. Diffolution of the Rom. Empire. 6 3 Chap. V. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the Peace with Perfia after the Battel at Eurymedon, to the begmnmg of the Peloponnefian tVar. GIMON^ in his Return from Tamphylia^ (upon Advice fcnt him that part of the icattcrcd Remains oi Mardonius his Array had fcizcd on forac Places in the Thracian Cherfonefus) fends in the Fleet to Athens to refit, and with only four Galhcs repairs thither, where he finds the Thracians joined with the 'Terjians, and ready to re- ceive him. But attacking them with great Vigour, he took thirteen Cimon takes Ships from them, and in a fliort time wholly lubdued the Thraci- '^« ^^'^' "/ ans, drove out the Ter/iatis, and entirely reduced the Country to rjll^f/il" the Obedience of Athens. Thence he proceeded to the liland country u ' Thafus^ the Inhabitants whereof had revolted from t\\Q Athenians, '^''^^"s- and defeating them, took thirty three Ships, and had their capital ^iff^"^' "' . City yielded to him atDifcrction. Being recalled to Athens^ he for ,/J Auhipe- fomc time endeavoured to calm the civil DiiTenfions of his Country ; lago. and finding the Athenians, at the Inftigation of Tericles^ hotly bent on a Rupture with Sparta, thought it beft to divert the Humour, if pofTible, by a foreign War. To this end he prevails to have a Fleet fitted out of two hundred GaUies, with which making Sail to- wards AJia, he detached fixty of them to ALgypt, while himfelf re- paired with the refl to Cyprus, where meeting with the 'Perjian Cimon heat: Fleer, he gave them a fignal Overthrow ; and having failed round '''* Perfian thelfland, and taken by Force, or Treaty, all the Sea-Port Towns, he pru" " ^ began to turn his Thoughts towards the War in /Egypt. For Ci- and turns his mon's Schemes were not calculated for Imall Matters, but aimed at Thoughts to- nothing Ids than the total Subverfion of the Power of Tcrfa. Be- lyj'fl„'%. /Idcs that, as he knew the Genius of the Athenians to be peculiarly gypt. adapted for War, he thought it both more honourable, and more ea- ly for them to be engaged in one with 1^er/ia than Greece ; and it wa';, perhaps, fome farther Incitement of his Hatred to the Terfian Name, to obfcrve the fingular Honour and Relpcdt whcrcwirh The- miflocles was received by the King, when he retired in Exile into AJia. That Prince indeed entertained a mighty Value ibr Themi- Jtocles, as knowing his great Abilities, and relying on his Promi- Ics of being at the head of the Expedition he intended againft Greece, wherein he therefore aflured himl'elf of certain Succcfs ; but he, cither dreading the Courage, Conduct, and conftant good For- tune which attended Cimon, elpecially in Naval Affairs, his own pe- culiar Talent, or diftrufting his own Abilities declined with his For- tune, or cllc (what we Ihonld the rather believe) abhorring the Thoughts of being cnaaged in lb unnatural a Defign, poiloned him- Themiftocics Icif, that fo fincc he co'uld not with Honour acquit himlelf of hisPro- J.;;^'" *""- mile, he might, in fome fort, of his Dury to hisCoountry ; and his Death ^4 Naval Tra7if actions hefore the Book II. and Ciinon dies. The Atheni- ans beat the Perfian and Phoenician Tleeti near Cyprus. Pericles in- cites the A- thenians a- gainft the Spartans. >• Scutari. " Conftanti- nople. Death was followed foou after by that of Cimon, jufl: as he was going with the Fleet from Cyprus to Mgypt. It may be faid of him, that even after his Death he was fatal to the 'Perfian Power. For having fignified his Defire to his Friends, who afTifled him in his laft Moments, that his Body might be carried to Athens., and there interred, the Fleet accordingly preparing to re- turn home, tell in, off of Oy/rftj, with a Naval Armament oiTer- Jians and Tbccnicians., which had been, with great Expedition, lent out againft the Athenians. The Terfians., whether they were ig- norant of Cimon'i Death, or, if they knew it, alTuring themfelves of Advantage over i\\t Athenians, being dcftitute of their General, prepared for the Fight with great Readincfs and Alacrity. The A- thenians, on the other fide, were encouraged with the Remem- brance of their late Succeflcs, and exhorting one another to ren- der this their melancholy Return to Athens memorable to flirure A- ges, for their Behaviour in this Battel, engaged the Enemy with ex- traordinary Courage and Refolution. They fought very obftinately on both fides, and for a long time with various SuCvCels, till the A- thenians knowing themfelves much the better Seamen, and yet making their Art fubfervient to the prefent Occafion, broke their own Line, as finding that of the Terjians otherwiie impenetrable, and engaging them leparately, although they were without any fu- prerae Commander, they acquitted thcmlelvcs of all the Parts of Soldierlliip and maritime Skill, with as much Dexterity and Readi- uefs, as if Cimon had been prefent to difpence his Orders amongfi: them, and be witneis of their Behaviour. At length their Skill and Courage prevailed, for breaking the Enemy's Line, they funk, or took all the 'Perjian Ships, but the Thosnicians, being good SailorSj laved themfelves by flight. They did not think it iafe to follow them too far, for fear of lofing Company with the Admiral's Ship, which having his Corpfe on board, did not interfere in the Fight, but mutually making Signals to give over the Chace, they bent their Courfe towards Athens with the fbrrowful News of Cimon's Death, but that well tempered with the Joy of this Vi<51:ory. While thefe Things were tranfadting abroad, 'Pericles was very bufy at home in fowing the Seeds of Diffenfion between tht Athenians and Spartans, who had been growing ripe for a Quarrel ever fince the Battel of Plataa. The Lacedaemonians looked with an envious Eye on the Glory the others had obtained in that Battel, as well as in the Sea Fights oi Artemifiuw , Salamis, and the River Euryme- gree, wherewith they were indeed themlelves elated to a great de- aon., and reducing moft of the Iflands of the Mgean^ together with many Towns on both fides the Continent at Potidoeay Sejios and Abydos, Perinthus, '' Chalcedon, and '^ Byzantium itlelf, feemed to aim at nothing lefs than to be Sovereign Umpires of Greece. They had an old Grudge boiling in their Minds, which, tho' now and then laid afleep for a time, could never be thoroughly forgotten. For at the time oi Xerxes's Invafion, it was agreed by the common Content of all Greece, that as the Lacedemonians fhould have the liiprcrae Diredlion of Affairs by Land, fo the^^^^- 1 nians Chap. V. D'iffohttion of thc^om. Empire, 6$ fiia?is fl)ouId command ac Sea; but when Matters came to au Ex- tremity, tlie Lacedamonians would needs prefide in both, or elfe, they pretended, they would aft on their own bottom, and let eve- TheW mutual ry one Ihifr for themlelvcs. As this was not a time to contend, 3"'ioujies, the Athenians^ through the Prudence and Moderation of Themifto- cles, fubmitted for the publick Good without any Refiftance : But when the Fears of rhc Terfians were over, they readily enough laid hold of any Occafion for Difpute. This was more elpecially ob- fcrvable after Tericles (who was kt up in Oppofition to Cimon) came to the Management of Affairs, when under Colour of affifting their Confederates or one Pretence or other, there happened fre- quent Skirmilhes and Quarrels, wherein feveral fell on both fides, ^d a-iarrtU. The Lacedemonians accidentally meeting with a Squadron of^- theniaJi Ships, engaged them, and came off Conquerors, when foou after zht Atbeitiaiis reinforcing their Fleet, another Engagement en- liied, wherein they doubly repaid themfelves for their former Lois. There were not any Endeavours ufed to compofe thele Differences till fix and thirty Years after the Fight at Salamis^ when a Truce a peace con- of thirty Years (calkd the Peace oi EjibwaJ was concluded be- '^''"'"'• twccn them, and fuch Places as had been taken were mutually re- ftored on both fides. Six Years after this Treaty a War broke out between the Atbe- Aquarrdbe- niaiis and Samians, on account of ^riene, i City of Ionia belong- ''^^^" '^'^ a- ing to the Milefians. With thele the Samians dilputed it, and s'lmians.""'^ gaining a confidcrablc Advantage over them, the Mtlefians lent a Deputation xo Atbeusy with loud Complaints againft their Enemies; which would, nevertheleis, have had but little effed: upon the Peo- ple, had they not been well fupported by Tericles, at the Inftiga- tion oi A/paJiay a fair Miftrefs of his. This Lady was a Perlon of Afp-nfia. very great Beauty, and of fuch extraordinary Wit and Eloquence as would not have ill become Men of the highcfl Dignity in the Com- mon-Wealth, inibrauch that on that account even the great Socra- tes was one of her Admirers ; and 'Pericles, himfelf an excellent Orator, is laid once to liave pronounced to the People, as his own, a very fine funeral Oration, entirely of her compofing. She was a Native of Miletus, and lo effedtually follicited the Caufe of her Countrymen, that War was immediately denounced againft: the Sa- mians. Tcricles proceeding towards Aliletus with forty four Sail, Pendes btaa fell in with the Samian F"^leet, confilling of fcventy, and gave rhem '.'^'^ ^'"' "/ an entf-^e Defeat, purfuing them to the very Port of Samos , which ^"'°^' he entered after rhcra, and laid ficgc to the City. Receiving foou after a confiderable Reintbrccmcut ixom Athens, he left Part of rhc Fleet and Troops to carry on the Siege, and with fixty Gallics re- paired to a proper Station for meeting the Phoenicians, who he was informed were coming to their Relief When this great Detach- ment was made, the Pcrfon who commanded in Samos took the Advantage of Tericlcs his Ablence, and in a very fuccefsfiil Sally funk or took feveral of the Athenian Ships, and recovered the Har- The Simians hour ; lb that havinc; an open Sea for fourteen Days, they import- 'f^' ""'{ ''"''" 1 11 I . rr ^ -n ■- r, cr, ■ I • • I U feveral h\)\t- cd all their neceilary Proviiions. But ^Fericles returning with the „jjj, ^^i^j. K Fleer, Samos. The War be- tween Athens and Sparta 66 Naval TranfaBions hefore the Book 11. Fleer, which was by rhis time augmented with forty Ships from Athens, and thirty from Chios and Lesbos, again inverted the Town by Sea and Land ; when the Samians, encouraged by their former Succeis, made another Sally, but were repuHed with great Lois, Pericles takes ^^^ ^'^ length, in the ninth Month of the Siege, furrendering the Place, they were obliged to demolilh their Walls, deliver up their Shipping, pay a great Sum of Money to defray the Charge of the War, and to give Hoftages for Performance of the Articles. We have before oblerved that the Truce between the -Athenians and Lacedamonians was concluded for thirty Years, but their Ani- mofiries grew to liich a Height, as not to admit of io long a De- lay from Adlion, lb that they committed frequent Depredations on one another, both by Sea and Land, and in ib hoftile a manner too, as that it wanted nothing but the Name of an open War. It was during the time of Cimoris Exile that thele things happened ; but when he was recalled, he brought Matters to an amicable Accom- modation between them. For although when he was obliged to fubmit to the Oftracifm, one of the things which carried the moft confiderable Weight was, that in all his Difcourfcs to the People he feemed to be too great a Favourer of the Spartans, yet as he was a thorough honeft Man, a Lover of his Country, and very conflant in the Purfuit of his own Mealiares, as foon as he returned to A- thens, he perfuaded the People (notwithftandiug all the Oppofition Pericles could make) to maintain their Peace with Sparta ; which during his Life they inviolably obferved ; but no Iboner was he dead, than they were prevailed upon by the young and hor-hcadcd Starel- mcn who were then in the Adminiftration, to come to an open Rup- ture with them, wherein they mightily weaken'd each other with mu- tual Slaughters, and Iheathed in their own Bowels thofe Swords which had been lb often dyed with the Blood of the Mcdes and Terjians. This War was commonly reputed to have deduced its Rite from the People of Corinth and '' Corcyra on this Occafion. The Corcy- raaJis refolving to chaftife the Inhabitants of Epidamnns, (aftcr- caiion of the wards callcd Dyrrachinm, and now 'DurazzoJ a Colony of theirs who had thrown off their Allegiance, the Corinthians, on pretence of their being the original Founders of both People, interpolcd in the Qiiarrel with a Naval Force. It confided of Icventy five Sail, and that of the Corcyraans of eighty, which meeting each other c C. Figalo. o^ oi^ABitim, \n Epirns, they came to an Engagement, wherein the Corinthians were defeated, with the Lofs of fifteen Ships. Al- Tie Corcyrae- though. With relpcdt to the Force which met on both fides, there CorfnThians ^^^^ ^ confidcrable Slaughter, yet was not this Battel (o remarkable at Sea. On that account, as for the Place it was fought in, and the Conle- quences which enfued thereupon. For the firtl, becaufe it was there that Augujim, ibme Ages after, gained a fignal Vidtory at Sea over Anthony and Cleopatra, which confirmed to him the Dominion of the World : And for the latter, becaule it was generally fuppofed to be the Grounds of, and furnillied the Pretence to that long and dan- gerous Quarrel between the Athenians and Lacedamonians, which IS called the Teloponnefian War, and is the Subjed of Thucydides'% Hiftory. renewed on Conon'j Death. J Corfu. The chief oc- Chap. VI. Diffohition of the Rom. Empire. 6 7 Hiftory. For the Cor'inthia.ns, in order to revenge the Difgrace rhcy had received at ABinm^ having gotten together a Fleet of much greater Force than the former, the Corcyraans began to fear The Corcy- thcy Ihould not be able to cope with them alone, and therefore feut ',*^"/ "■''^'^ \ /I I ■ 1 /- ■ All- 1 1 bj the Athe- to the Athenians^ deuring to enter mto an Alhancc with, and re- mans, ceive Aid from them againl> their Enemies. The Cori?ithians, on ""'^ '^« clo- the other hand, prayed AfTiftance of the Lacedemonians, who were ii" Laceda- the moil powerful People of Greece by Land, as the Athenians monims. were at Sea. At Athens, in purluance of the Couuicls of 'Pericles, they had been long ready for a Breach, and only wanted to be fur- nifhed with a good Pretence for it, while at the fame time the Z,^- cedarnonians knowing that, fmce the Death of Cimon, there was not any one at Athens who nouriihcd pacifick Dilpofuions toward them, were equally inclined to come to a Rupture. The only Ob- rtacle that remained was the forementioned Truce, which, as we have faid, was to have continued for thirty Years, but there were yet no more than fourteen elaplcd It was agreed by that Treaty, That neither the Lacedxmonians nor kihcnxdin?, Jhotdd pro/ecute any IV ar with the Confederates of either Side : As alfb that it jhould be IwjDf'uL for cither Party to affitme, as Confederates, any Peo- ple who were not exf>refjly comprehended in the fa'idTreaty. Now the Corcyreans at that time had entered into no Engage- ments on either Side, but ftood Neuter in the Quarrel, infomuch that the Athenians might, they thought, receive them as Confede- rates, and, according to the Law of Nations, prored: them when fb received, without any Infradion of the Treaty on their Part. This the Corinthians deny'd they could lawfully do, unlefs it had been before the War broke out between them and the Corcyraans. How- ever if they broke with the Corinthians, the Cale was plain they confequently did the like with the Lacedamoniam, as being inclu- ded in the lame Treaty with them. The Affair was controverted in an Affembly of the People at Athens for two Days both by the Corinthian and Corcyrean AmbalTadors, when at length the former departed, as leaving the matter at an Uncertainty, and affording rime for x\\c Athenians fully to confuicr o: the matter. On their Return home, the Corinthians immediately made Sail with a Fleet of a hun- dred and fifty Gallies for Corcyra, ofi^of which liland they found the Corcyraans ready to receive them. The Fleets on both Sides were divided, as Land Armies, into a r^fCorinthi- main Body and two Wines. In the Right of the Corcyraans were ?."^ *'"' ''" ten Athenian Gallies under the Command or Laccdtemonins, Son of Cimon lately dccealed; which the Corinthians no Iboner per- ceived, than, purluant to the Advice of the Spartans they had on Board, they began to alter their Order of Battel, and ftrengthen their Left Wing with the mod confidcrable Force they had, to oppofe to the Athenians ; when prelbntly the Signal for Battel being dilplayed, they engaged each other with great Fury. Laying their Broadfides together, there was no room tor adting thofe Parts of their Naval Art which confided in rufiiing on each other with the Beaks of rheir Ships, or bruihiug off' their Oars, and the like, but they fought obfti- K z natcly 6 8 Naval Tranf anions hefore the Book II. nately Hand to Hand from their Decks, and foinctimcs boarding one another, there was an incredible Confufion among them, and a pro- digious Slaughter on both Sides. In the mean time the Athenians dilpoied thcmfelvcs lb as to lupport the Corcyraans wherelbever they were obHged to give way, ib far forth as their bare Prefence would do ic in terrifying the Corinthians from proiecuring their Ad- vantage, but without flriking a Stroke, as by their Inftrudions they were rtridly forbid to do, unlcls it were in cafe of abloiute Ncceflity. And now the Corcy^aans prevailed lb againft the Left Wing of the Enemy, where v\ ere the Megareans, that they obliged twenty of their Ships to quit the Line in the utmoft Diforder, and purfucd them to the Vromonzory Chcimerium, where they ran them afhore. a:c o'.erccme Thc CoriHthiuns taking the Advantage of the Abfcnce of thofe h '''''"}^_^ll Ships that follow'd thc Chace, immediately attacked thc Centre of j-L-/ ''"'""" the Corcyraansy and with very good Succefs, when the Athenians now finding them prefl: hard, prepared to affift them, yet not ib as they might feem the Aggrefiors ; but at length the Corcyreeans be- taking thcmielves to Flight, the Corinthians followed them very clofc, and took leveral of their Ships, with great Numbers on Board, all whom rhey put to thc Sword, without lb much as giving Quarter to a Man. Now was the Time the Athenians thought, or it never would be, for them to interpofe, and accordingly they charged the Corinthians with great Vigour, and after an obftinate and bloody Difpute, tore out of their Hands that Vidtory they had otherwiie entirely gained. This Battel, with reiped: to the Numbers that were engaged in it, was in no wile comparable to thole of thc 'Perjians at Salamis and Etirymcdon, but was by much the moft coniiderable that had been yet fought between Grecians and Grecians, whether we confider the Number, or the Deftrudion both of Men and Ships ; for on the part of thc Corcyr^ans there were no lefs than feventy Gallies iunk or taken, and thc Corinthians loll: thirty ; and great Numbers of Men were llain on both Sides, when at length the Night parting them, left the Viftory doubtful. Some Hours after the Kighr, there arrived a Squadron of thirty Gallies from Athens to re- inforce the former ten, which encouraging thc Corcyraans, they went off to Sea next Morning, and offered the Corinthians Battel. They knowing of the Arrival of the Athenians, kept their Station, relolving not to come to an Engagement, if they could poflibly avoid it, but difpatched a Meflenger to thc Athenian Admirals, (not accompanied with a Herald, becaufe they would not leem to treat them as Enemies) mildly to expoftulate with them on the Injuries they had received, and know the Reafon of their Violation of the whkh IS held Trucc. The Athenians replied that they had not done them any 1h"peace^ Injury, nor could pofTibly be accufed of Infradion of the Treaty on their Side ; that they did not come thither with an hoflile Defign againft them, but only to defend their Confederates; and that if they would go to any other Place than Corcyra, or againft any other Peo- ple than thc Corcyreeans, they fhould by no means be their Hin- drance. The Corinthians having received this Anfwer, immedi- ately put themfclves in a failing Pofture, and pafllng pretty near the Corey- Chap. VL DiffoliiUon of the Rom. Efiiptre, 6 9 Corcyr£(in Fleet, very handfomcly lalurcd the yJthenians as they went by, and made the beft of their Way home. On rhcir Arnival n.; there, the Lortnthians, by their Mmiltcrs in all the Cities of Greece, made loud Complaints of this Behaviour of the Athenians % and at Lacedamon^ without any long canvafliug the matter, they came to a Relblution that the Truce was broke, and that War fliould be de- '"P"'^ f/' creed againft Athens, which was accordingly put in Execution with- 'j/„^A,hens. out Delay, and is by Authors term'd the Teloponnejian War. C H A P. VI. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians from the Be^inmng of the Pcloponnelian War^ to the great Rxpedit'ton of the Athenians agahifi Sicily. TH E Reafon of the Spartans coming fo luddenly to the afore- PrindpM going Reiblves, without that more than Spanifh Deliberation ^*"'/'> "t •'*< which uTually attended their Councils, was not this Injury done to an Vr^ir ' *"' the Corinthtansy as was commonly believed, but the Co nfi deration of the exorbitant Power the Athenians were arrived to at Sea ; for paffing by older matters, they refleded on the great Glory they had jb lately gained in reducing with their Fleet the Ifland of Samos to their Obedience, and that in (b lliort a time, as occafion'd a com- mon Saying, that ^Pericles had done as much in nine Months againfl: Samos as Agamemnon had in ten Years againfl: Troy. If to the Con- yehu/ies of queft of Samos they fhould add that of Corcyra, and to Corcyra '^'^^^[\V^* Corinth, what would be the Event, (they confidcr'd,) but that the thens. Liberties of all Greece would be trampled under Foot, and they muft liibrait to be Slaves to the Athenians inftead of the 'Perjians. Nor were they ignorant how very intent the Athenians were at this time in advancing their Naval Affairs to a yet greater Height ; for if any confiderable Pcrfbn happened to fall under the Ccnlure of the Pub- lick for any Mii'demeanour, or othcrwilc, the Puniihment now al- igned for it was, that he ihould build a Gaily for the Stare at his own Charge, or two, according to the Circumflances of the Crime, or the Quality of the Offender : And now they thought by the Accelfion of the Corcyraans, who, next the Corinthians, were moft confiderable at Sea, the Athenian Naval Power would receive it's lafl: Hand, and be too fully complcat for them ever to cope with hereafter, if they did not now attempt it. Indeed Pericki and the People oi Athens was equally fond of this Confederacy with Cor- cyra, but with very different Views. The People out of a vain No- tion of adding it to their other Acquifitions, and by that means of extending their Conquefts to Carthage, Sicily, and Italy, from which latter it was not above a Day's Sail : But Pericles, becaule of its Naval Force, and its convenient Situation for profecuting his Defigns in the Peloponnefan War, wherein he was fo deeply en- gaged. . Thus 7 o Naval TrajjfaSions hefore the Book II. Tcjr ofihe Thus, accordiiig to Thucydides, fifty Years after the T'crflan War,' worii, 3^19- a,i(^ foLirccen after the Treaty oi Eubaa, broke out the 'Veloponne- ^>cj;e '^■■'' ' y7rf« War between Athens znA Lacediemon^ wherein, on one Side Of the nit'U- or other, ahnoft all the reft of Greece was engaged. With x\\q La- mg oj Rome, f.^,^^ff,Q,i}^jis cnter'd into Alliance all the People of Tehponncfusy rht Ail.e^ of except the At skives and the Achaans, who flood Neurer ; though, Athcr.s a>ui a^ongft thelc latter, Tellene declared for them in the beginning, .uc(A.mLn. ^^^j ^j^^ ^^^ came in afterwards; and without the Jjihmus, xho. Me- {j^areaiis, l^hocians., Locrians, Bxot'tansy Ambrac'iots^ Leucadiatis, and yliia^oriaiis, who were each to contribute their Quota, fomc of Horfc, and (ome of Foot, and fome ofiliipping, of which they propolcd ro have five hundred Sail, befides what they could procure out of Italy and Sicily. On the Athmiatis> Side were the Ch'tans, Lesbians and 'Tlataaits, the Mejfetiiaus of Na7ipa£lus, moft- of the AcarnanianSy with the Corcyraans and Zdcyntbians\ as alio the maritime People oi' Caria, thoic of 'Doris, lofiia, Hellefpontus and Thrace., and in general of all the Iflands of the Aigean, except Melos and Thera. Of thele the Chians., Lesbians and Corcyraans » furnilhed fliipping, the reft Land Forces and Money. rtePeiopon- T\\c'PeloponneJiaJis., on an appointed Day, came to their general neikr,s/«- Rendezvous in the IJihmns of Corinth, from whence, under the Condud: o( Arch idamus, King o( Sparta^ they made an Irruption into Attica, and haraflingthe Country for that Campaign, at length retired into their Winter Quarters. In the mean time the Atheni- ans lent out a Fleet of a hundred Sail under the Command of three Admirals, who coafting about to the Weft ofTelofonnefm, were there join'd by the Corcyraan Fleer, confifting of fifty Gallies, and T/;e^atherii- ^,j[j-, t^gj^ united FoDCCs making a Deitent in Elis, laid that Pro- 'thccJIfts of vince waftc; while another Squadron of thirty Ships ravaged other I'eioyiuniii.- maritime Places, plundered Thronium and Solion, two Corinthian '^'^' Towns, and took the City AJfacfns, together with the Ifland Ce- phalenia. On their return to Athens the People lolemniz'd the Fu- nerals of thole who were firft flain in this War, and ''Fericles was made choice of to celebrate their Memory in an Oration fuitable to .\iutffaiMif- theOccafion. He, when Archidamus was xhe next Suma-\er ag:iin 'il'e'Licedx- fallen into Attica, with a Fleet of a hundred Sail paflcd over to Dioiiians and Epidaurm, and ipoil'd the adjacent Country, when repairing to Aihenur.s. Troczeu, Hclias and Hcrmione, he did the fame, and then returned to Athens, by that time the Enemy had quitted the Frontiers. At Sea this Summer the Lacedamonians made an Attempt on the Ifland Zacynthus, (the modern Zant) where landing, they ra- vaged the Coafts and repaired home ; and a Squadron, of twenty Sail oi Athenian Gallies, under the Command of 'Phonnio, was lent to cruize in the Sinus Criff'aus, (now the Gulph of LepajitoJ to in- tercept all Ships going to, or coming from Corinth. Six Gallies were alio lent over to Carta and Lycta., to fetch Money from the Confederate Cities there; but Melefander, the Commander in chief, landing in a Port of Zyjr/^, which was in the contrary Intercft, was flain by the People, with a confiderablc Number of his Attendants; and thole of 'Potidaa, who, at the luftigation of the Corinthians, had Ch A p. V 1 . Diffohitioti of the Rom. E?/ipire. 7 1 had revolted from ih^Atbejuans at the beginning of the War, were r/^e Potidac- uow, after a long Siege, reduced to their Obedience. T^t"e'i\h^ The third Year the Telopomicjians forbore to enter Attica.^ mak- nians. mgBirotia the Seat of the War; and Cfiemr/s, the Corinthian Am- iniral, came to an Engagement with ^Pbormio near the Mouth of the Criffican Gulph. His Squadron confifted, as we have laid, of twenty Sail, and that of the Corinthians of forty Icvcn ; but the Athenian Valour prevailed over their Enemy's NumberSj who hav- The Atheni- ing had twelve Gallies funk in the Fight, made an ignominious Re- !,"' '""^t'^e treat to Tatrx and T>yme ^ two Ports of Achaia. The 'Te'.opon- ,,; c^^, nejiuns blamed their Admirals, in that they had not taken due Care for the Difpofal of their Fleer, but placed thole who were leaft ac- quainted with Sea Affairs againfl: x\\z Athenians \ and to regain their loft Credit, they reinlbrced their Fleet with a ftrong Squadron, of of which Thorrnio having notice, he fent likewile to Athens for more Ships and Men, without \Vhich he could not hope for Suc- ccls. They accordingly difparched to him twenty Sail, with Or- ders to repair to Crete againft the People c'i Cydonia, where having executed his Inllrudions, and dcftroycd the adjacent Country, he returned to his former Station near the Mouth of the Gulph of Criffa., where meeting with the "Teloponnefian Fleet of Ilventy le- ven Sail, they joined Battel ; but being not able to wichlland" the great Superiority of the Enemy, they were defeated, and forced to but are beaten retire in Confufion. The Reir.nant of the Athenian Fleer, by the ''^ "'^ ''^lo- help of their Oars and Sails, made a ihifc to get into the Port of ^ Naupa^nSf and the Enemy clofely puriiiing them, they there pre- = Lensnto. pared to give them a Reception. One of the Athenian Gallies be- ing juft ready to enter the Port, and having one of Leucadia al- moft on board of her, racking fuddenly about, came againft her with fo great a Ihock as ihe immediately funk. This Adlion Ibme- what difturbcd the Teloponnejlaus^ w ho were now crouding into the Voxx.ii.x.^ixx.ht Athenians^ but lb eager were they to render their Vi- drory complea', that many of them heedlefOy ran aground on the Shelves. In the midft of this Difordcr and Confufion x.\\z Atheni- ans attack the 'Teloponnefians with great Furv, and in their turn be- come Conquerors, taking fix Gallies. However, they ereded Tro- The Atheni- phics on both fides, tht Athenian: ^iNaupaBtis^ becaufc they had ^^^'^ beat the repullcd the Enemy from thence, and the T'eloponncfians ■:iz Rhif/m, apj at n.ui- for that there they had funk feme of the Athenian Gallics. Before pjcius. the Fleets were laid up, Cnemns and Brajidas, the l-'eloponnefian Admirals, at the Infligation of the Megareans, refolved to make an Attempt on the Tirans, the Port of Athens^ as being very flen- derly fortified, and as ill guarded To this Purpofe a Body of Sea- men were lent by Land from Corinth, each with his Oar in his Hand, to Nifaa, the Sea Port of Megara, where they embarked on board forty Gallics ; but their Hearts failing them as to the Enterprizc of the 'Piraus, and the Wind withal being contrary, they contented themlclves with falling upon three Guardlhips which lay under Budor us, a Fort on the Cape of Salamis, which was next Megara. Thefe they took, and, landing in the Ifland, committed what 7 2 Naval TranfaB'tons lefore the Book II. what fpoil they could, aad then reimbarked. The Beacons fired by the People of the Ifland, had given notice to the Athenians of the Enemy's Approach , who immediately launching their Galiies, re- paired on board in great Numbers, and leaving a iufficienr Garrifbn in the Tiraiis, made the bell of their way to Salamis ; when the ^elopoiinefians finding they had taken the Alarm, returned to Ni- faa, as the Athenians fbon after did to Tiraus^ where they credted Ibme new Fortifications, and had it better fecurcd againft the Sur- prize of an Enemy. TiePeloDon- I" ^^^ fourth Year of this War Archidamus with the Teloponne- rieiims break Jian Army again broke into Attica ; and all the Ifland of Lesbos., tnto Attica, except Methymna., declared for the Lacedamonians. To punilh this Treachery the Athenians diiparchcd a confiderable Fleet under the Command of OVvj^/'/^ifj-, on whole Arrival before iV/i^)7?«^, the Capital of that Ifland, the Townfinen made two Sallies, wherein they were repuKed with Lois, and Cleippides laid dole ficge to the Place: Mean while a ftrong Squadron under Thorrnio ravaged the Athenians m- Coaft of Laconia^ and thence repairing to Acarnania, plundered vage LacoDia. QEnias. In the beginning of the fifth Year the Lacedamcjiians, with their Allies, under the Coududl o'i'Paufanias, the Son of Tlifionax Licedi-emo- entered Attica with Fire and Sword, burning and defl:roying the mans mvaie fruits of thc Earth, and whatfoever they had left untouched in their former Incurfions, inlbmuch that they were themfeives obliged to quit the Country for want of Provifions, being difapnointed of the Mityiene /«;- Supplies they expedcd from Lesbos. There the Athenians had by \lil^\ ''"^' '•^'^ '•'^^^ fcized Mityiene., put to Death mofl: or the Inhabitants, ra- zed their Walls, taken away their Shipping, and totally lubdued the Plat^a r,ib- I^^nd. The People in T'lataa, worn out by a long Siege, furrcn- tnits to the dcrcd thcmfclves to the Lacedamonians at Difcretion, two hundred Ljcedacrao- pf whom they put to Death, and all the Athenians among them were fold into Slavery, and the Town itlelf given for one Year as an Habitation to liich Megareans as had been expelled their City by Faction, a!rcr which it was razed to the Ground, and the Land let to Farm. While thcfe things were doing at 'Plataa., there happen- ed a great Sedition in Corcyra^ whither at one and thc fame time were invited both the Athenian and Tehfonnefian Fleets, thc Com- mons efpoufing the Intcrefl: of the former, and thc chief Men that of the latter. The two Parties had leveral bloody Dilputes within the City, and with various Succels, until Nicojiratns, who lay with twelve Athenian Galiies at NaupaBus, upon Notice of the Diftur- bance, timely arrived to the Alfiflance of the Commons, and redu- ced the Power of the Nobility. Soon after came thc Telopon- nefian Fleet, confifting of fifty Sail, under the Command of Alci- skirmi-llies at das, with which the twelve Athenian Galiies before- mention'd, and iTe Pd'cTon- ^^°^^ *^^ ^^^ Corcyraans had leveral liidden and tumultuary Skir- ne'inns and miilies ; but Affairs had loon turned again in favour of the Nobility, Aiiienians. had not Eurymedon, the Athenian Admiral, arrived with a Fleet of fixry Sail to fupport the 'Tlebeians. Alcidas., fearing the Superio- rity of thc Athenians, he with great Dexterity and Diipatch con- veyed Chap. VI. DiJfoh/tw7i of the Roiu. Empire. 73 vcycd his Gillies over the narrow IJlbmus oi Leucas, to prevcuc meeting the Enemy's Fleet, which he had Advice was them com- ing about rh.u 'Peninfula (now the Ifland St. Maure) to give him Bactel, and repaired hiralcif by Land to 'Velopomiefns. The Corcy- raan Nobility thus abandoned by xht LacedamoJiiaus ^ were cxpo- fcd to the Fury of the Commons, who committed a mercilcis Slaugh- ^ i'''^' ter among them, and polluted with their Blood even the Temples corcm"' where they had taken Sandtuary. Eiirymedon having thus fettled them in the Government, repaired on board the Fleer, and left the Ifland, after whole Departure fuch of the Nobles as had made their El'capc feized on the Forts belonging to Corcyra, on the Continent oi Epirtis^ and frequently crofllng the Strcight, committed Depre- dations in the Ifland with great Succcfs, and at length being not able, after a long SoUiciration by their Agents axLaccdamon and Co- rinth, to obtain any Affiftance from thence, they muflcred up all their Force, and with fome auxiliary Soldiers pafling over into the Ifland, on their landing fet fire to their Boats, and pofTclfed them- Icives of the Hill IJionc, which they fortified, and from thence made frequent Incurfions on the Commons, untill in the feventh Year of the War Eurymedon coming over from Tylus, bcficged and took them Prifoners, and delivered them to the People, who bar- baroufly murthcred them to a Man. The latter end of this Summer the Athenians fent a Fleet of twenty Men of War, commanded by Laches, to Sicily, under Pre- tence of aiding the People oi Leant inm againft the Syracjifans, but in reality to prevent the Teloponnejians receiving Supplies of Corn and other Provifions from thence, and, if pofTiblc, to obtain the Do- minion of that Ifland. Upon their Arrival, by the Afliftancc of the People oi Rhegium, on the oppofite Shores oiltaly^ they made a Defcent upon the JEolian Iflands, (now thole of LipariJ which '^'^'^ Atheni- werc in Confederacy with Syracnfe, and ravaging fuch of them as *"^^ '""^'^ " .... -' ID/ ^^ Defcent on were mhabitcd, returned to lihegtum. ,he J¥.o\ua The next Campaign the "Peloponnejians intended to open with '/'»»'^^- fome notable Exploit in Attica, but were deterred from entering the Country by the frequent Earthquakes which then happened there : Mean while the Athenians fitted out two ftrong Squadrons, one of ^he Atheni- thirty Sail, under the Command oi'Demofihencs, to cruifc about '/*£>- ""f ^' ""' loponnefns, and infefl: the Coafls, the other of fixty, commanded by J^om.'^and da Nicias, to reduce the Ifland ^ Alelos; which not being able to cfTcdt, M>fch,ef in they fpoiled the Country, and repaired to the Coafl of Boeotia ; |'|'^'''P°""«- where landing, they defeated the People of Tanagra in an Engage- b Miio ment afliore, and then ravaged the Coafls of the Locri Opuntii, their next Neighbours. In Sicily, this Summer, the Athenians be- ing, by an uncxpedted AfTault of the Enemy, forced from Himera^ repaired a fccond time to the Aiolian Iflands, where they found Py- thodorus arrived ixorn Athens with a few Ships, expedting to be followed in a fhort time with a Fleet of fixty Sail, under the Com- mand of Sophocles and Enrymedon. L The 74 Naval Tranfathons hefore the Book II. I The Pciopon- The levcnth Year of the War, the Teloponnejimis began, accord- nefuns /n- -^ j.^ Cuftom, with an Irruption into Attica, under the Condudt "^' o'i A^iSy x.hc'^Qwoi Archi damns . In Sicily the Campaign opened 4m/MicMef- with'the taking oi Mejfana, then in the Athenia7i Intcrcft, by a fana;?? Sicily. Squadron of ten Galiies oi Syracufe, and as many of the Locri E- pizephyriiy in Italy-, their AHics. Eurymcdon and Sophocles being detained by contrary Winds on the Coaft of Teloponnefas, fur- c N^.varino. prized and fortified -^ 'Pylns, a Town oi Mejfenia, that lay very op- Tht Athfni- portunely for infcfting the Frontiers of Laconia, and left 'Demojihe- ans /f/cc Py- ^^^ ^^^.^j^ ^ Squadron of five Sail to cruife thereabouts for the Secu- rity of the Place, and Annoyance of the Enemy. The Laccdamonians immediately upon Advice thereof, as well knowing the Importance of that Town in the Hands of the Athe- nians., withdrew their Army out of Attica, and recalled their Fleet from Corcyra, in order to retake it. At the fame time the Athe- nian Fleet having Notice o^i'Demofthenes's, Danger, returned from Zacynthus to his Relief, and coming before SphaEieria, an Ifland at the Mouth of the Harbour, whereon the Lacedemonians had landed a Body of Troops, endeavoured to force them to a Battel, anddejiroythe which uot bciug able to cfFed:, the next Day they attacked the Lacedsmo- ships there, of which they I'unk feveral, rook five, and had like to &c" '^ ' have feized and carried off to Sea moft of the reft which lay nearer the Shore, but were repulfed by the fuperior Numbers of the Lace- demonians : However they blocked up the Ifland i'o clofely, that the Enemy, after having undergone great Streights, were at length all obliged to furrendcr Prifoners of War. The Athenians then ftrongly fortifying Tylus, repaired with their Fleet, loaden with Spoils, to the Eaftern Coaft of Teloponnejiis , and lauding near Crommyou, a Town belonging to the Corinthians., at the bottom of the Sinus Saronicns, (now the Gulf of EngiaJ plundered the They ftiz.e adjacent Country, and departing thence, leized on Methon, a Place Methon, fituate between Epidanrus and Troezen, which they environed with a Wall, and left a Garrifbn in it to infeft the Inhabitants of thofe Towns. ecelea, a Town in Attica, and place a ftrong Garrilbn in it, which by realbn of its near Neighbour- hood to Athens would extremely annoy that City. Lamachus and Nicias mw dividing the Fleet into two Squadrons, took a different Couric about the Ifland of Sicily, Ibliciting the ma- ritime Cities to take part with them, which having prevailed with Ibme of them to do, and received Supplies of Men and Provifions, they reaffcrabled their whole F""orce to undertake the Siege of Syra- cufe, in order whereto they repaired firft to Thapfus, a Peninfula within few Miles of that place, from whence the Land Forces march- ed to Epipola, an Eminence that overlook'd the City of Syracnfe, which they fortified with very ftrong Lines, to cut off the Commu- nication of the Place on the Land Side ; not but that the Syracu- fans, to interrupt the Works, made frequent Sallies, in one of which Lamachus was killed. The Ible Command was now devol- ved upon Nicias, when Gylippus, whom the Lacedanionians had lent at the head of a confiderable Force to aid the Syracu fans, arri- ved in Sicily, and landing at Himera, there haled his Gallics afliore, and marched over land to Syracnfe ; but before he reached the place Confilus, the Corinthian Admiral, who was lent on the lame Er- rand, The Advice 0/ Alcibiades to the L.ice- dsemonians. The Atheni- ans prejtare to attempt Syra- cu I e. 1.,1CC(1.C1T10- nuns, cj'f. come to the Aid cif Syr.l- cule. Chap. VII. Diffohtion of the Rom. Einpire. 8 1 rand, was already arrived, and encouraged thcTownfmen to a vigo- rous defence, and nor to hearken to an accommodation. By the Ac- ceffion of all this force the Enemy became greatly fuperior, and therefore there were dilpatchcd to Nicias ten Ships with a confide- rable Sum of Money, and two other Perfons were join'd in Com- mifTion with him, in the room oi y^lcibiades and Lamacbns. Thefe were Eurymcdon and 'Dcmojthcnes., the latter of whom was firft fent out on the Coz^ o( Laconia with a Fleet of fixty Sail. By the Perluafions of Gyl'iffus the Spartan., Coiifdtis the Corin- thiaji., and Hctmocratcs their own General, the Syr acu fans were prevailed with to try their Fortune on the fait Water. That City is ^^^ situation ntuate on a Neck, of Land jutting into the Sea, of which it takes "^ ^y^^'^^^^- up the whole Space, and the Land about it lies fo as to form two Havens on the North and South Sides thereof, of which the latter is the great one, and the former the lels. In the Bottom of the great Haven lay the Athenian Fleet, and in the fame, but under the Prote<9:ion of the Town, the Syracv.fans had thirty five Gallies, ha- ving a much greater Number in the little Haven on the other Side, where was their Arlenal. The Entrance of the great Haven was very narrow, and the Athenians having poiTefTed themfelves of the Promontory of 'Plemmyrinm, which guarded the Paflage, the ^- racufans were at a lofs how to bring in their Gallies from the other Haven. They neverthelcis refolved to attempt it, and the two Fleets came to a fliarp Engagement in the Mouth of the Haven, wherein the Athenians beginning to give way, the Syracnfans croudcd in fo fafl:, and in fuch Dilbrder, that they fell foul of one another, in which Confufion the Athenians again attacked, and to- The Suracu- tally routed them, finking eleven of their Gallies. During the heat ^? ^^""^7* of this Engagement, while the Athenians upon Tlemmyrium were .^en, wholly taken up ia viewing it, Gylippus took a Circuit round the *«' Head of the Haven wiih a Body of cholen Men, entered the Out- ,heh\ht works without Oppofirion, and forced the Athenians from the reft worjhd on with great Precipitation: For which fucccfs afliore the Syracnfans ^^"'"' eredtcd a Trophy on r kinmyrtnm^ as the Athenians did near their rium regauii. Camp, on account of their Victory by Water. But the lofs of the Athenians was by much the greatefl: ; for in the Fortification at 'T lemmyrium they kept raoft of their Stores of War, and a great deal of the Publick Money, which was all taken by the Enemy, who now commanding the Entrance of the Haven, they could receive no Supplies of Provifion, or ought ellc for the Camp, or Fleet, but what they were oblig'd by Fight to obtain a Paflage for. The Haven being at length open for the Syracnfans, they lent out twelve Gallics, under the Command o^ Agatharchus, to inter- cept a Convoy of Stores and Provifions they had Advice was coming to the Athenians from Rhegitmi, and the Parts adjacent, falling in with which, tbey deftroycd moft of thera, and thence repairing to ^„ Atheni.in Caulonia, they burnt near that place a confiderable Quantity oi^ convoy de- Timber which the Athenians had there framed for building their ^'.Ti'^'-n ■ Gallies. Soon after a light Skirmiih happened in the Haven about the Haven of Ibme Piles the Syracnfans had driven down before their old Harbour, Syracufc. M that lenians 8 2 Naval TranfaElioiis hefore the Book II. that fo their Gallies might ride in Security from any Aflault of the Athenians ; who tlicicupon brought to the place a large Hulk, for- tified with wooden Turrets, and covered againft Fire, from whence they Tent out Men in their Boats, who taftening Ropes to the Tiles., they in that manner forced them up; and fome of them their Divers fawed afundcr at the bottom. In the mean time the Syraciifans, from the Harbour, and the Athenians., from the Hulk, Ihot at each o- ther, till at length the greateftpart of the Piles were gotten up : But almofi: as fad as they were removed, the Sjraci^fans drove down others. Their Succefs in gaining the Works at Tlemmyritim., beforemen- tion'd, was looked on to be lb confiderable as all Sicily inclined to their Side, except the Agrigentines ; yet were there after this fevc- ral other flight Engagements between the Syracnfans and Atheni- ans, wherein ibmeriraes the one and fbmctimes the other had the The Syracu- Advantage. At length, in purfuance of the Advice oiAriJion, a Co- MiRon's'Ad- ^i'^thian, and a very expert Seaman, the Syracnfans Ihorten'd the vice. Heads of their Gallics, and made them lower, with Beaks of a great Thicknels, which they alfb ftreugrhened with Rafters faftencd to the Sides of the Gallies, both within and without ; and with theib they offered the Athenians Battel, who prepared to engage them with eighty Sail, having the reft of their Naval Force in the Bot- tom of the Haven. At a proper Diftance from that Part of the Fleet which lay there, they placed two large Hulks, with a fuffici- ent Space between them for a Gaily conveniently to pais through, that ib fuch as Ihould be hard prefled in the Fight might retire to a Place of Security. The Athenians were fuperior to the Enemy both in the Number and Nimblenels of their Ships, and the Skill, Dexterity and Difcipline of their Seamen, all which as they would almoft have afcertained a Vidtory in the open Sea, fo were they of little Ufe now they were fliut up in a Haven, and wanted Sea-room to exert themfelves. They fought leveral Hours with various Suc- cefs, till at length, about Noon, Arifion adviled that the Syracnfans might take their Repaft upon the Strand, and not go up into the Town as ufual, who accordingly rowed fuddenly aftern towards the City, and there dined on the Shore. The Athenians looking upon this as a Retreat from the Battel, landed at leillire, and among other Bu- fuiefs prepared for their Repaft, as little expecting to fight any more that Day ; but the Syracnfans returning aboard, came down again to- wards them, when they in great Tumult, the moft Part having not taken any Food, embarking dilbrderly, went out to meet them, and again they engaged each other. The Syracnfans fighting, as they had before determined, with their Gallies Head to Head with thoie of the Athenians, and being provided with Beaks for the Purpofe, did great Execution among them ; and they were alfb greatly annoy- ed by the Darters from the Decks, but much more by thofc Syra- Beat and [poll cu fans who going about in fmall Boars, palled under the Oars of rtemofihenes were only remaining, who having thus loft all their Fleer, left their Dead unburied, and their Wounded to the Mercy of the Enemy, and fled with Precipi- tation, but after making ieveral fruitlels Attemps to efcape, furren- Andhemg'ai- der'd thcmfclves Priioners at Difcrction, together with the whole 'C'"'^'''^^'""^'"' Ai my under their Command , whereupon they were both put to dl"' '" Death, and the Men either condemned to the Mines, or fold into Slavery. Chap. VIII. Of the Naval fVars of the Grecians, from the Overthrow of the Athenians m Sicily, to the FABory obtained over them by Lyfander, the Spartan General^ at ^Egos-po- tamos, and the end of the Peloponnefian War, WHEN the News of this terrible Difafter reached Athens, they would give no Credit to it, but having it foon confirm'd beyond Contradidion, they were filled with Tcrrour, Amazement and ThePeofh of Dcfpair, fearing nothing lels than that the victorious Enemy would Athens ot«c^ immediately repair to their City and level it with the Ground; and " ' theic dilmal Apprehenfions were the more increafed, for that they had neither a Fleet, an Army, nor Moucy. In the mean time the 'Peloponncjians, under the Command of-^- t/jc Pdopon- gis, laid wafte the Country about OEta, railed great Contributions ^f^]^^,'"l[' among the Thejfalians , and received into their Protection the [henians. \{[xx\ds Eubcea a.nd Lesbos, which now revolted from the Athenians; who in the midft of thele Misfortunes, made a ihift to fit out twen- ty Gallies. Thcfe were no Iboner got out into the Gulph, than they fell in with Alcamenes, one of the Lacedamonian Admirals, juft Laccdxmo- then come out of Cenchrea^ a Port of the Corinthians, and defeat- "'^"^ ^"""» ed them in two Engagements, in the latter of which he was (lain ; "' but Alcibiades , now in the Spartan Service, loon revenged his Death, by procuring the Revolt of Chios and Clazomena from the places revolt Athenians, which was loon after followed by that of the Milefians, ^"^ Athens- and a League Offcnfive and Defcnfive was ftruck up between the Lace- 8 6 Naval Tranfadnons hefore the Book II. Lacedamon'tans and TiJfaJ>hernes, one of the Terfian Governours of the Lcjfcr AJia. In Purfuance of which, the Lacedamonian Fleet being increaicd by the AccefTion of leveral Ships of his, redu- ced to their Obedience the Cities oiTeos^ Lebedus, and Era. A httle before theib things were done in lonia^ a Squadron of twenty fcven Sail from Athens, which cruifcd off Leucadia, fell in with the Enemy's Fleet coming from Sicily, having on board Gy- The Atheni- lipptts, wich the Troops returning from that Ifland, and chafed them ans have the j^^^ j.j^^ ^^.^y, p^j-j ^i^ Cortuth. The Athenians alio, near Bolijfits, and "^ take ' defeated the Fleet of Chios, and, in conlequence of that Vidlory, Chios, recovered the whole Ifland , fifteen hundred of whofe Inhabitants they embarked on board the Fleer, made fail for Miletus, and in- vefted that Place, and loon after laid fiege to Samos : But about afterwards the fame time ievcn Athenian Ships falling in with AJiyochus, off U[e fome Cyme, they were ail taken, or deftroyed. ^ '^'' The Lacedamonians now began to grow jealous of Alcibifldcs, by means oi Agis, whofe Wife he had debauched, and he becoming as weary of them, retired to TiJfaJ>hernes, iufinuated himlelf into Alcibiades re- his Favour, and was foon after reconciled to the Athenians, who conciied to the putting him at the Head of their Fleet, their Affairs would foon t emails, j^^^,^ flouriihed agiiin, had they not fallen out among themfelves a- bout altering the Form of their Government. However an end was at length put to thefe Diffenfions, by the Power oi Alcibiades, and the Enemy's coming before Tiraus with a Fleet under the Com- mand oi Hegefandridas, when they embarked on board the Ships in a very dilbrderly manner, and going out to engage them, off £"- jhe Atheni- retria, received a fignal Overthrow, lofing two and twenty Sail. ans beaten at xhis Misfortunc, together with the Revolt of Byzantium and Eu- Tetria"'^ ^^^» brought x.\\t Athenians to an Agreement among themlelves, as knowing their Affairs would be otherwife entirely ruined ; and ac- cordingly the Oligarchy was abolilhcd, and the Government of the People again fet up, who immediately paffed a Decree that Alci- biades, and thofe who were in Exile with him, fhould be called home. Thrajylus, on theCoafts oi AJia, coming from Samos to Lesbos, An Anion in Mindarus, the Teloponnefian Admiral, to avoid meeting with him, f^on^^"^'^^ repaired with the Fleet under his Command toward the Helleffonty touching by the way at Cape Sigetim : And there being at Sejfos, within the Hellejpont, two and twenty Athenian Ships, which up- on notice of the Enemy's Approach, by the Fires made in the Watch-Towers along the Coaft, were at break of Day making to- ward Elaus, juft without the Mouth of that Streight, that fo they might have room to cfcapc, if the Enemy ihould not pais by with- out difcoveiing them, they were no iboner in fight, than xht Athe- nians crouded Irom them with all the Sail they could make, and got Athc"i'anf'' ^^^ ^° Lemnos, except the four ftern-mofl: of the Squadron, one of and Lacedx- which fplit againft the Rocks, two others were funk, and the fourth monians; vvas burnt near Imbros : And now Thra/ylus, who lay before E- refus in Lesbos, hearing of the Enemy's Departure for the Hellef- font. Chap. VIII. D'ffohition of the Rom. Empire. 8 7 fonty raifed the Siege of chat Place, and repaired to the Afllftance of the jdthenians, who in his way received into his Protedion fome Ships of that Republick, to which the Lacedemonians were giving Chace, and took two of their Galhes : And now he thought it proper, if poiriblc, to bring them to an Engagement, which he ef- fected after (pending five Days in Preparations for it. The Athenian Fleet failed along not far from Scjtos, while the Tcloponnefians came down the Hellefpont, on the othet fide, near Abydiis, and when they were oppofire to each other, they drew up in a Line of Bat- tel , the Lacedemonians ftretching along the Afiatick Shore from Ahydiis to 'Dardanus, and rlic Athenians along the European from T>idacus zoArrhiana. In tl.e Right of the Lacedemonians were the Syi-acufans, and their Left v.'as commanded by Mindarus. Thra- fylus had the Left Wing, and 'Thrafybnlns the Right of the Athe- niansy which latter, in the beginning of the Fight, was worfted by the 'Peloponnefians f and almoft forced alhore near Cynosfima. Thrajylus y in the Left Wing, not only defeated the Syr acit fans '^^'"''» fht which were oppoicd to him, but aifb the Lacedemonians, whom he ^^avrtheAA- drove into the Mouth of the Tydius, and fome under the Protc<3:i- vantage. on oi Abydus, taking two and twenty Ships, but with the Lofs of fifteen of the Athcnia//s ; and this V^idtory over the Lacedemonians was of very great Importance, for that it raifed the dejedted Spirits of the People, and put new Life into their Affairs. Not long after another Engagement happened ne^x Abydus, which had lafled Irom Morning till Night, and was ftill dubious, when Al- Aicibiades cibiades arriving with eighteen Sail, fbon put the Enemy to flight, I'^^ponneifan' although 'Pbarnabazus, xhcTerfian Governour oi HelleJpontuSy -Eiut. came down to their AffiHance by Land, and did what he could to cover the Ships as they lay under the Shore. The Athenians not only recovered their own Gallies they had loft in the laft Fight, but rook thirty of the Enemy's, and eredred aTrophy; and Aicibiades, after this Vidory, went to vifit Tijfapherncs, who now, to recover Alcibi.)des the good Opinion of the 'Pelcponnejians, whofe Cauic he had feem- &»" "> Tiffa- cd for fbrae time to abandon, f'cized on his Perfon, and confined him, ^ """" but he luckily efcaping in few Days, got again on board the Athe- nian Fleer, with which he went in Qiiefl: of the Enemy, then rid- ing in the Port of Cyz>icus. With twenty of his bcft Ships he The Pelopon- broke through the 'Teloponnejian Fleet, purlued thole who abandon- neiians *««<«« cd their Ships and fled to Land, and made a great Slaughter of them, "andthlTpiact among whom fell Mindarus himielf ; and the taking of all the E- taken, nemy's Gallies, together with the Surrender of Cyzicus, which had receiv'd a 'Pelopomiefian Garrifon, was the Reward of theVidtory. Aicibiades, after this, ravaged the Coafl:s oi the Lc (I cr A fia with his Aidbiades Fleet, won feveral Battels, and being every where a Conqueror, re- ^"f|f,/^7'' duced thole Cities which had revolted, took others, and united them sucafs, he to the Athenian Government. Thus, having vindicated the anci- '•""'-"^"'A.- cnt Glory of his Couniryuicn by Sea, and crowned the fame with''^"*' feveral Victories by Land, he returned to Athens, where he was im- patiently expedcd by the whole City. In thcfc Engagements he had taken two hundred Ships, and a very great Booty from the E- nemy. 8 8 Naval TranfaBions before the Book II. nemy, and People of all Ages and Conditions went out to meet this triumphant Army, admiring the Gallantry of all the Soldiers in oeneral, but cfpccially oi yUcibiades, a Pcrlon who was of hiralcif fb confidcrablc a Weight in the Balance, that he fubvertcd a molt flourilhing Government, and again reftored it by his own Power, Vidtory ftill attending him, wharfbever fide he efpoufed, and For- tune fceming not lb much hisMiftrels as his Slave. Him they there- fore received not only with human, but divine Honours; fo that 'tis difficult to lay whether they more contumelioufly expelled, or more honourably recalled him : And thole very Gods they brought to congratulate his Return, to whole Execrations they had before devoted him. Such was the Reception oi Alcibiades , who never knew a Medium either in the Difpleafure or Afl'edions of the A- theniaiis. The LacedK- While this happened at Athens^ the Lacedamonians made Ly- ftionianswa^(y2,;y^^^ their General both by Sea and Land, and 'Darius, the le- thwG^ntrai. coud King of Terjiu of that Name, conftitutcd his Son Cyrus Go- vernor of Ionia and Lydia, who afiifted the Lacedamonians with Men and Money, and put them in hopes of retrieving their Affairs. Lyfander entered upon his Office with great Pleafure on this ac- count, and receiving from Cyrus a. Month's Pay for the Troops and Seamen, rcpairedon board the Fleet, confifling of eighty Sail, then iy- Alcibiadeso/- ing at Ephcfus. Alcibiades was near that Place with the Athenian fin L.yrander pje^r, with which he offered the Enemy Battel, but they declinin'^, Ephefus. If, and his Prelence being at that time neceliary at Llazornen^y to fix that City in his Country's lutereft, which was then in diforder, and wavering in its Fidelity, he left the Command of the Fleet to Antiochus, with pofitive Orders not to come to an Engagement with the Enemy on any account whatfoever. But fo far was he from complying, that with two Gallies he flood in for Epbefus, and at the very Mouth of the Harbour ufed the highefl Provocations poffiblc to draw out the Enemy. Lyfander at firfl: lent out a few Ships to give him Chace, but the whole Athenian Fleet then ad- vancing to the Relief of the two Gallies, he alio drew up his in ^ good order, and gained an entire Vidory, fifteen Athenian Gallies Tht Atheni- being taken, and fiich great Numbers flain, (among whom was An- ^sta in'thfJi- f^ochus himfclf) that the Athenians received a greater Blow by this fence o/Aici- fiugle Defeat, than they gave the Enemy in all the former En- biades. gagements. This threw the whole City into fuch a Defpair, that they immediately created Conon their General in the room of Alci- biades ; for they concluded that they owed this Defeat not lb much to the Fortune of War, as to the Treachery of rheir Com- mander, whom they fuppoled to refent his former ill Ufage more nearly, than he did the late Honours they had loaded him with : That the reafon why he was fo fuccefsful in the laft Campaign, was only to let the Enemy fee what a General they had dcfpifcd, as al- fo to fell hisVidory fb much the dearer to his Countrymen : And indeed his intriguing bufy Genius, joined to his irregular way of liv- ing, made every thing which was faid of him be believed. Thus, fearing s I Chap. VIII. D7lJbh{tion of the Rom. Empire. 8 5> fearing to be inlliltod by the People, he voluntarily retired a fecond Aicibiades re- time into Ban i 111 mc nt. ';^J^^^^ ^^- Conon, confidcring with himfclf what an extraordinary Perfon he fucceeded, equipped the Fleer with all imaginable Application, but wanted Seamen, tor the ftroniicfl; and ablcft: of them were killed in the lau Expedition. To luppiy their room, Boys and old Men were obliged to go into the Service, and thus they made up the Comple- ment of Men, but ftill their Naval Force was deficient. Such feeble Adverlaries gave the Enemy no great Trouble, for in an Engage- ment or two which happcu'd Ibon after, they cut ofF^ or took Pri- foners, fuch great Numbers, and gave them lb entire an Overthrow, that, in rcfped: of the Slain and the Captives, not only the ^t/jcKian Government, but their verv Name fccmed to be extin^uiihed. For Cal/icratidas, being appointed to (needed Ly fan der in the Command Cononr/;,eA- of the Teloponnefian Fleet , he not only totally routed Conon at ^^^,^ll^,^He' Sea, and forced him to retire \.o Mltylene^ but again engaging, de- /■«■«/£» iy Cal- fcated him a iccond time in the Harbour of that Place, obliged him lictatidas. to hale aihorc his Gallics under the Proted:ion of the Walls, and Ihut him up in the Town ; and failing in with 'Diomedou, who was coming with twelve Sail to his Relief, he took ten, the other two narrowly cfcaping. In this rcrnblc Exigence of the Athenian Affairs, for want of Men, they were obliged to give the Freedom of their City to Foreigner?, Liberty to their Slaves, and Impunity to condemned Criminals. Thus were the late Lords of Greece forced to fill up their Army , and endeavour to defend their Liberty. How- ever, they were once more refolved to try their F'ortune by Sea; and fo great was their Courage, that they who, a little before, had delpaired of their Lives, now entertained certain Hopes of Vidlo- ry. Their Fleer made fail for the Iflands Argtmipe , lying^'cfF CuiaeMaka, between /L^j-^ijj- and the Main, to which Phce Ca/ltcra- tiaas was come with the belt part of the '^Peloponnefian Force, con- fifting of a hundred and twenty Sail, having \ck Eteonictts to carry on the Siege of Mitylene. Callicratidas was frequently advilcd not to hazard a Battel with the Athenians, who had with them two hundred and fifty Gallies, but conftantly aniwercd that he was re- iblved either to conquer or die. He took upon himfclf the Com- mand of the Right Wing, and placed Thrajbn of Thebes with the Bieotians in the Left. To him, in the Right of the Athenians, was oppolcd Trotomachtts, having in his Rear Thrajylus, Lyfias, and Arijiogencs. Arijiocrates was in the Left, fupported by 'T)iomedony 'Pericles (the Son of the great Pericles) and Erajinides, in like manner. As foon as the Signal was difplayed for engaging, Calli- CallicratiJas cratidas firmly believing, as the Oracle had declared, that he fliould H'^'^^^gag- not lurvive the Fight, he with the firft Shock of his Gaily funk that o^'lLnUeaX Nauciasy and having done great Execution among the Sails, Yards,/"'", and Rigging of others, and Iwept ofTthc Oars of fcvcral, at length attacked that of Pericles, who faftening her clofe with grappling Irons, there enl'ued a bloody and obftinate Difpute between the Companies of each Gaily, wherein CalitcratidaSy after having re- N ccived ^o Naval Tranf actions lefore the Book 11. ceived many Wounds, and revenged them by the Slaughter of Num- bers of the Enemy, fell over board, and was loft. Ihc ''Peloponne- fians being now without their Admiral, foon began to give way, and at length fled before the Enemy to Chios and 'Phocam, leaving and thiVtV- jevcnty Sail in Poficirion of x\\c Athenians ; zudEteonicus-) who lay f/«"rt'"f 2 Naval TranfaBions hforc the Book II. Lyfander ra- j^qji^^ ixovd whcncc he madc fail (ox Athens^ befieged and rook the 7?lx^Zand City, and levelled the Wails of the Tirans with the Ground. In takei Athens, a general AfTembly of the Laccdamoutaus and their Confederate?, it was warmly debated whether the City fliould not be entirely demo- lifhed, many being for extinguiHiing the very Name of the Athe- nians, and deftroying the Town by Fire: But the Spartans oppo- fed this Motion, faying, that they would by no means be guilty of putting out one of the Eyes of Greece. This Fight at Aigofpota- mos, and the raking oi' Athens, in Conlequence of it, happened, according to TolybiMS, nineteen Years before the facking of Rome by the Gauls, which was in the laft Year of the Reign o( '•Da- rius Nothus, King of Terjia, feven hundred and (cventy eight Years after the Dcftrudion of Troy, and in the Year of the IVorld A.M. 354;. 35-45-. Chap. IX. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the End of the Peloponncfian IVar to the Beginmng of the Mace- donian Greatue/s under King Philip. -^ rA« Atheni- 'TT^ H E Athenians, bcfidcs the Demolition of the Walls of the zns otiiged to , ^ 'Piraus, were obliged to deliver up all their Ships, and '^t'^"'sw^ to receive thirty of their own Citizens to manage the Af- fairs of their Republick, which Governours were no fooner e- ledtcd, than they ihewed thcmfclves true Tyrants, dcftroying the wretched Remainders of the City with Sword and Rapine, inlbrauch that bccaufe Theramenes, one of their own Number, cxprefTcd Tome Diflike to thefe their Proceedings, they lacrificcd him to their Re- venge. Upon this the Inhabitants daily fled out of the City, fo that all Greece was filled \v\xh Athenian Exiles; and at length even A very fevere this Very RcHcf was denied to thole miferable Wretches ; for the Decree agamji Laccdafnoniaus publiflicd an Edidt, by which they prohibited any Exiles. of their Cities to receive them, inlbmuch that they were forced to betake themfclves to Thebes and Argos, where they not only lived in Safety, but entertained ibme hopes of freeing their Country. Thrajybulus, a Perfon diftinguilhcd by his Valour, as well as no- ble Extraction, was one of this Number, who confidering that forae vigorous Effort ought to be made for the Recovery of the publick Liberty, though it carried never fo much Danger with ir, and hav- Tht Exiles ing gathered thele Exiles into a Body, feized upon 'Fhyle, a Caftlc p'l'uie "wflre °" ^'^'^ Frontiers of Attica: And fome Cities commifcrating the ajfijie'd by e- Condition of thcic Fugitives, favoured the Undertaking. Ifmenias, ihers. the chief Magiftratc oi Thebes, tho' he durft not publickly fupport them with his Arms, yet he privately fupplied them with Money ; and Lyjias, the Syracufan Orator, but then in Banilhrncnt, fcnt five hundred to their na- tive Country. Chap. IX. Diffohtt'wji of the Rom. Empre, 9 3 hundred Men, whom he maintained at his own Expcnce, to allilt towards the retrieving that Country, which had been the common Parent of Eloquence and Learning. The Tyrants were worded in a The Tyrants Batrcl, w hen lulpciflmg the Treachery ot the Inhabitants yet re- f ^^'"^"5 nuining in the City, they ibiccd them to quit it, aiid lent for Sol- diers to Lacedamoit^ to defend them ; Who arriving, they took the Field again, and came to another Battel with Thrajybnlns^ wherein Critias and Hippolocbus, two of tlic fierccft Tyrants, loft their Lives, the reft being oblig'd to retire to Elenjis, and ten Men were appointed in their room to adaiiniftcr ihc publick AiTairs. Tan/a- nias was fcnt froiu Laccdamoii to put an End to t}ic(c Diuurbances at Athens., who taking Compafi'ion on the miierable Refugees, re- ftorcd them to their native Country, and obliged the ten Tyrants, r,^^ Ath-^nian who had in all Relpedts imitated their Predeceflors, to leave the t'-xiUs rejhrtd Town, and herd with their Brethren at Eleujls. By this means the City in little time began to recover Breath, when the Tyrants, who were no Icfs enraged at the Reftoration of thefe Exiles than their own Banilhmenr, got together another Army againft them, but be- ing invited to a Treaty, under Pretence that the Government was to be reftored to th.em, they were all put to death. Thus the Athe- The Tyams nians, who, in thcle publick Couvulfions, had been dilperled all o- r""<>J>"^'^' ver hreeccy were at lalt united agam into one Bouy, and leait the iegim a^am Remembrance of former Tranfaclious Ihould difturbthe publick Tran- to fioun]h. quilliry, every Man obliged himfelf by Oath to bury what was paft in Oblivion. In the mean time the People oiThcbes and Co- rinth fent their Ambaftadors to Lacedamon, to demand their Share of the Spoils and Booty taken in the late War, fuice they had equally run all the Riiques of it; but being rejcdtcd, although they did not indeed declare open War againft the Lacedamonians, yet Iccmcd they fo much to relent this Indignity, that it might be cafily judged what they inrended. The Laccdamoiiians., like the reft of Mankind, who the more they pofTeis ftill covet the moic, not content that their Forces were doubled by the AccciTion ot' Athens, began to alfeCl the Dominion of all AJia. They had already fupplicd Cyrus with Aid againft iiis The Lacedx- Brother Artaxcrxcs, 'Darius'^ Succeftor in the Throne of Terfia, "'o'^i'ns aj- chofen 'Dercyllidas General for this Expedition, and corrupted T//" nLn ef acZ'' faphernes to embrace their Intereft, when Conon, then living in Ex- ile in Cyprus., was appointed by Artaxcrxes to fucceed Tiffaphcr- nes in the Command of the Terjfian Fleet. The Lacedaemonians un- conon com- derftanding thi-:, diipatched AmbafTadours to Hercynion King of ^- """"y* '*« gypt., to affift them with ibme Ships, and obtained of him a hun- ^''^'^''•>" '•"'=''• dred Gallies, and fix hundred thoufand Bullicls of Corn. Great num- bers of Recruits were alfo fent them by their other Allies, but ftill they wanted an able General to head thefe Forces, and oppofe to lb experienced a Commander as Conon \ to fill which Pofts the Con- federates unanimoufly pitched upon Agejilaus, at that time King of Agefiiausao- Lacedamon-^ but x.\\c Lacedamonians had a long Debate whether ;'«"''^'f'''»'- they fliould entruft him with ir, by Rcafon of an Anfwer they had '"^t''!"]-^' received from the Oracle ^X-TJelphos^ which forewarned them that ;uis. their 9 4- hi aval TranfaBto7u hefore the Book 11. their Rcptiblick would go near to be deftroycd when the Kingly Go- vcriimcnc haired, for Agefilans was lame oFonc Leg : But at luft they came to this Rcfblution, that it was bettct for the King than the Kingdom to halt. Thus Agefilans was lent with a formidable Ar- my "into Afiii^ where he performed many fignal Exploits, and like a Temped, carried all belbrc him, as Conon^ at the Head of the Tcr- fiati and Athenian Fleet, did, at the fame time, on the Coafls ofZ,^- conia^ and the Parts adjacent. Agefilans before his Departure fiib- llituted Tifandcr to command at Home, who got together a great Fleet, and relolvcd to hazard the Fortune of War; while on the other Hand Conon ufed no lels Care to order every thing for the bed: Ad- vantage againft rhe firfl: Opportunity that fhould of?br for a Battel; and indeed both the Commanders Ihewcd a mutual Emulation upon A charatier this Occafion. As for Conon, he did not lb much regard the Intcrefl o/Coaon of the Terjians as that of his own Country; and as he had unluckily proved the Author of the Athenians Ruin when their Affairs were declining, lb was he ambitious to be their Rellorer, and K.o retrieve his native Country by one fingle Vidtory, which by the fatal Cafual- i!» / Pifander. tics of War he had undone. As for Tifandcr, bclldesthe Relation he bore to Agefilans, he was a generous Emulator of his excellent QiialiricF, and took all imaginable Care that he might not fall fliort of his great Performances, or, by an Overfight commitred in one fa- tal Moment, deftroy a State that h.id acquired its prefcnt Splendour with the Expence of lb much Blood and Time. Off ci Cnidus the r/.-* Peril ;in two Flccts camc to an Engagement, which held for Tome time with and thyXiixt- g^g^f Obfliuacy, till at length Tifander lofl his Life, bravely fight- XeTt thTi'of ing in the midit of his Enemies, when the Lacedaemonians fled, lea- Licedi'emoti ying fifty Ships in PoHcfTion of the Athenians. Conon pafTed over «; Cnidus ^^ Laconia, where having ravaged the Coafls, and laid the Country Cont)n r^iva- in Alhes, he repaired to Athens, and was received with all poflible S" Lacoiii.i, Demonftrations of Joy, but he grieved more to fee the City lo burnt Athen'r"^' '" ^"^^ dcmoliflied by the Lacedaemonians, than he rejoyccd at its Rc- ftaurarion, after it had liiffcred fo long by the Enemy : However, partly with the Booty he had gotten, and partly with the Help of the Perfian Array, he repaired all that the Fire had dcftroyed. Thus, by a Fatality peculiar to this City, .Athens as it had been before burnt by the 'Per fans, fo now it was rebuilt by their Hands ; and as it fufFered the fame hard Treatment from the Lacedamojtians, fo it was repaired out of their Spoils. Athens ones This Viiftory at Cnidus was fo compleat that it again reftored to the *»<"■<' i<"y''^^ Athenians the Dominion of the Sea; and it was followed by the the^ea coming over to them of the lonians, with the People of Hellefpon- TiieiKS. Co- tiis. At the fame time the Thebans, Corinthians and Argives o- ^d^lui-^gamfi pcnly declared againft the Lacedemonians, and the People of Rhodes the Licedx- having forced a Squadron of 'Peloponnejian Ships from thence, re- volted to the Athenians, receiving Conon with his Ships into their Port, during whofc Continuance at that Ifland, a Squadron oi La- cedamonian Ships, loaden with Corn from Aigypt, fuppofing it to be flill in their [ntercft, entered the Port, and fell into his Hands. The Revolt oi Rhodes was foon after followed by that of Chios, Teos, inonuns. '10 Chap. IX. lyiffoliition of the Rom. E?npire. ^ 5 Teos^ JSIitylene, Ephefus and Lrcthra^ whence Ipning up fcveial orhcr Wars, the Lacedemonian: yet bearing up againlt their Ene- mies as the Arcadian, B'jcotian, Theban, firft and Iccond Laccda- monian, and Tegeatic Wars, which were the Names impofed on them cirhcr by the Lacedcemonians themfelves, or the People who were engaged againfl them. In Aid of the Thebans the Athenians fitted out a Fleet of fixtv w a , Sail, under the Command oi limotheus, with Orders to cruiic a- ws aid the bnur, and mf-eft the Coafts oi'PelopomieJns, who o^Corcyra fell in '''^ebsns iy \i-irh the i;k.e Niur-bcr of the Enemy's Ships commanded by Nicolo- "^' chus, and totally routed them. To wipe off this Dilgracc Muafip- -'/•'« LaceJx- pus was fciit out at the Head of another Fleet, but increaled it with "'""""' iiis own Dtftrudtion, for he received a fignal Overthrow from the ylthcntans under the Command oi Stcjicleiis, and was himfeirilain. Some time after this Spodriades having, at the Infligation of Cle-^ '.mbrotns. King of Lacedawon, made an Attempt to Icize on the xhc Tirtens, the ylthciiians highly exafpcrated at iiich a Proceedinf^ during a CclTation of Arms, attacked the Lacedemonian Fleet, un- der the Command of^Pollis, between Naxos and Taros. In this rhcy are Engagement 'P'?///.; madegrc.it Havock in the Left Wing of the E- ■^'•"'f""/'- ncmy led by Cedon, whom he flew with his own Hand! but Cba- ""/j'tZy at- brias, who commanded in the Right of the Athenians, advancing tcmpudPi- leafonably to their Relief, charged the Lacedemonians with ^reac ''*"^" Fury, and having made a terrible Slaughter, put them to Flight, not but that confiderable Numbers were killed of his own Side, whole dead Bodies he caufcd to be carefully taken up and interred, well rcmcmbring the Fate of Tome of the preceding Admirals for Ncg- icd: charged on them in that particular. Not long after the Athenians, under the Condudt ofTimotheus, r/.r Atheni the Son of Conon, obrained another Vidtory over the Lacedemo- ^^^ '""' '^" mans near Leiicns ; and, o'^Corcyra, falling in with a Fleer of Ships, nja"; ^andthe vv hich ^Dion\fius, the Tyrant oi Sicily, had lent to their Aid, he rook f.Wo/Siaiy nine of them with great Numbers of Slaves, by the Sale whereof they got fixty Talents, and on the other Side of Greece they alio in- verted Torone and 'Totidea, both by Sea and Land, which they took Torone and after a fliort Siege. When the Greeks had waged Civil Wars amongft ^p°"'^^' '"" theralelves for a confiderable time, with various Succels, they came Peace among all to a general Peace, except the Lacedemonians, who being utter '^'^ Greeks, Enemies to the Meffcnians, could by no means be reconciled. At Lacedoemo- this time Tachits, King of /Egypt, maintaining a War againft Arta- "'ans. xerxts, committed the Care of his Land Army to Agefilaus the ^'^^' ^^ Lacedemonian beforcmentioned, and of his Fleet to Chabrias the Athenian; but in the raidfl: of thcfe Preparations y^f///^z/f died, as odius/wc- did alio Artaxerxes himlelf, who was luccccded in the Terjian ("dshnwo Throne by Ochus. Chap. ^6 Naval Trail factions Icfore the Book II. C U A P. X. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the Begmmng of the Macedonian Greatnefs under King Philip^ to the Death ^/Alexander the Great. F ROM thele intedinc Feuds and Divifions, with which the Grecians (thofe properly 'io called) mutually harafTed and Thcgroiuini weakened each other, began now to creep up in the World the be- Greatnifio} ^^^.^ conccmptiblc and obfcure Name of the Macedonians^ whofe Country, more anciently called ALmonia and Emathia^ was bound- ed on the North with Thrace and lUyricum, on the Weft with the Adriat'tck and Ionian Seas, on the Eaft with the j^gean, and on the South by Efirus and Gnecin propria. Thcie People, in procefs of time, what by the Valour of their Kings, and their own Induftry, having conquered their Neighbours firft, and then whole Nations and Countries, extended their Empire to the remoteft Parts of the Eaft. After a Succeffion of levcral Kings, the Crown of Macedonia at length devolved on ThiLip^ the Father of^/fAV/;/<3ifr the Great, who while he was yet very young, and his Brother fate on the Throne, was font to Thebes as an Hoftagc, in which City, famous for the Se- verity of its Difciplinc, and in the Houle of Epaminondas^ that moft excellent Philolopher and General, he received his firft Edu- cation. cedon feat^' ^pou his Acccflion to the Crown he lay under no fmall Difficulties, the Theffaii- for levctal Nations declared War againft him ; But he managed his ans, yl£\ and, contrary to the mod lolemn Engagements given to the 'Fhocenfes, laid waftc their Country with Fire and Sword. After this he reduced the 'Darcianians, and beficging Byzantitimhy Sea and Land. Havifig exhauftcd great Part of his Treaiurc, he had recourie again to Piratical Depredations on the Sea, and leizing upon, commits pira- and rifling a hundred and leventy Merchant Ships, he made a (hift to l'"^jXscy- relievc his prcdlng Neccfiitics, and then turned his Arms againft the thians, Scythians, whom he overcame by Stratagem ; Vv'hich done, he re- turned, and opened the War he had ib long difTemblcd againft the Athenians, with whom at lafl: he came to the Decifion of a Battel; and tho' the Athenians were much liiperior to the Macedonians in ovtrcomei the Number, yet were they forced to iubmit to their Valour, which ^'''^"'•"is, had been hardened and confirmed by lb long a Scries of Wars: And Generlufmo that Day put a final Period to the Liberties oi Greece. -.e Tyri^r.s They took the largell Ship they had, loaded her all abaft with Stones'and s.-r^.'/z-ew. Ballad, that fo her Head might he railed the higher ; and belmearing her with Brimftone and Sulphur, failed her, with a brisk Gale of Wind, clofe up to the Caufeway, when throwing thcmlelves into their Boats they fet fire to her, and before any Help could arrive, the Towers, and other Works that Alexander had cauled to be made on the Cauicsvay, for Defence of the Workmen, were all in Flames. The Tyrians, at the fame time, threw from their Boats flaming Torch- es, Firebrands, and other combuftible matter, into the upper Stages of the Towers, infomuch that many People were miferably burnt to Death, and the reft throwing down their Arms leap'd into the Sea, whom the Tyrians, being more defirous to preferve alive than to kill, took up, having firfl: di fabled them with Blows while intheWa- ter. Nor was the Fire their only Enemy, for the fame Day a vio- 1 ent Storm of Wind drove in the Sea with inch Fury as loofened the Ce- ment of the Materials, which being wafhcd away, the Stones were foon forced afundcrby the Weight of the Waves, and on their giving Way, down came all the Superflrudure, lo that by the time Ale- xander returned from Arabia, there were fcarce any Traces left of fo ftupendous a Work. He immediately fet about crediing a new Caulcway, which was Alexander'^ carried on with its Head toward the South Weft, to break the Sea '-vork^dep-oy- that tumbled in from thence, the former having lain fideways toward ^■^cJ^J'^'^'"'" that Qiiarter, and was confequently more cxpofed to the Force of the Waves. He alfo allowed it a much greater Breadth, that ib the Towers, which were ereded in the middle, might be out of the Reach of the Enemy's Darts and Arrows: And the better to effedt this Work, they threw into the Sea a great Number of tall Trees with all their Branches on ; Upon thefe they laid Stones, and upon them Trees again, which they covered with Earth to bind them together: Over this they laid another Pile of Stones and Trees, and covered the whole again with Earth. While this was doing the bcfieged were equally vigilant for their Defence, and left not any thing un- pradiilbd that might hinder the carrying on of the Works, wherein O z their ^ I oo Naval Tranfadiions hefore the E ook IL Again de- Jlrcyed by the Tyrians. The Kin^, of Aradus, and cihen revolt te Alexander. He again at- tempts Tyre zuith a Fleet. His Defigns fruftrated by a Storm. rhcir Divers were of Angular \J^c to them, for plunging under Water, with grappling Irons, Hooks, and other proper liifuuments, they laid hold of the Branches of Trees which ftuck out from the reft of rhe Materials, and by main Force drew with them the Trees themfclvcs, infomuch that the Foundation failing, the Stones and other Materials fell in, and by this means they deftroycd all that part of the Caulvvay which was furtheft advanced. As Alexander was full of Perplexity at the flow Progrefs made in this Work, and undetermined whether he fliould continue or raife the Siege, the Kings oi Aradus andBjd/us, hearing he had reduced their Cities to his Obedience, together with the reft of Tbaniciay withdrew themfelves from the Terfian Fleet, and came over to him, bringing with them likcwife the Sidoman Ships, amounting in all to eighty Sail ; and about the iamc time arrived ten Gallies from Rhodes, three from Soli and Mallus, ten from Lycia, with one great Gaily from Macedonia ; and foon after, upon Advice of y/- lexander's Succels, the Kings of Cyprus went over to him to Sidon with their Fleet, confifting of a hundred and twenty Sail, to all of whom he freely extended his Royal Pardon, fmce they continued no longer in the Terjian Intercft than till they had an Opportunity to revolt. Having thus gotten together a fufficient Naval Force, he went on board, and took upon hinifelf the Command of the Right Wing, accompanied with the Kings of Cyprus and ^Phoenicia, ex- cept -Pythagoras, who was with Craterus in the Left. The Ty- nans , tho' Mafters of a potent Fleet, yet durft they not venture the Decifion of a Battel, but difpoied their Gallies around the City under cover of the Walls ; \\tszxx\\.z\z'['=, Alexander attacked forae of them, of which he liink three, and the next Day came to an An- chor very near the Walls, which he battered on all fides with his Machines, efpecially with the Rams prepared for that purpofe. The Befiegcd ufed all pofllble Diligence in repairing the Breaches, and be- gan to raife another Wall within, to which they might retire when the outcrmoft Ihould be beaten down : But now they were hard prefTcd on all fides, the Cauleway was advanced within Javelin fhoC of the Walls, they were dole blocked up with the Fleet, and attacked at the lame time both by Sea and Land : Bcfides, Alexander caufed ieveral Gallies to be laid two and two in fuch manner as that they were joined together aftern, by means of Stages thrown acrols, whereon were placed great Numbers of cholen Landmen, who were thus rowed toward the Town, being fecured from the Enemy on the Walls by the Prows of the^^Galiies which ferved them as a Parapet. About Midnight the King caufed them to advance in this manner to forround theVValls, and give a general AfTault, fo that the Tyrians began now to be in the utmoft Defpair, when of a fudden there a- toie a furious Storm, in which the Gallies fell foul of one another with Inch Violence as forced their Cables, and tore the Planks alun- der on which the Stages were laid, which drew down with them the Stages, Men, and ail into the Sea, with a dreadful Noife, for the Tempeft was fo fierce, that it was impoflible to govern the Gallies linked together in that manner j and in this Conlufion the Soldiers inter- Chap. X. Difolutiofi of theRom. Empire. loi inrerruprcd the Seamen, as they did the Soldiers. However, the obftinate Efforts of the Rowers tore the GaHies, as ic were, out of the Jaws of the Sea, and they at length got under the Shore, but for the moft part extremely dilabled. In the mean while thirty Arabaffadors from Carthage arrived at T)'?e, who made frivolous /i,„i,arradors Excufes, inftead of promifing thofe great Succours which were ex- amve at pc(fted from thence. The Tyrians., though fruftratcd thus of their ''"ye/""* greatcft Hopes, yet kept they up their Courage, and lent theirWives '^""^"" and Children to Carthage., that {o they might with more Rcfolu- tion undergo wharfocver Ihould happen, when they had io Iccnred what was uioft dear to them. Not any thing was left uncoatnv'd or unattcmptcd which could contribute to their Security, and, as Necefliry is the Mother of Invention, befiJes the ordinary Methods, they found out new Arts to defend themiclves. To annoy the Ships which approached the Walls, they fixed grappling Irons, Hooks and Scythes to long Beams, then placing their Machines, which were made in the Form of Crols-Bows, they put iuto them great Beams, as if they had been Arrows, and ihot them at the Enemy, 7/j<,. Tyriati3 {q that many were cruHicd to pieces with their Fall, others milcra- '"'>' '""^^ bly mangled by the Hooks and Scythes, and the Cillies themfelves xander'j Men. received confiderablc Damage. They had alfo brazen Targets, which they took red hot from the Fire, and filling them with burning Sand, or boiling Mud, threw them down from the Walls on the Bc- fiegers. The Macedonians dreaded nothing fo much as this, for if, through any Defeat of their Armour, the burning Sand came at the Flefli, it immediately penetrated to the Bone, and (luck lb fad as not to be removed ; {o chat the Soldiers throwing down their Arms, and tearing ofF their Cloaths, remained defencclcls and ex- pofcd to the Enemy's Shot. This lb vigorous a Defence very much difcouragcd ^/^.v^zz/^^-r, in- fotauch that he once again deliberated on raifing the Siege, and go- ing on to ^gypt : Bur confidering it would be a great Blemilh to his Reputation, which had been more fcrviccable to him than his Arms, to leave Tyre behind him, as a Monument that he was to be overcome, he relblved to make the lafl; Eflx)rt with his whole Fleer, on board of which he embarked the Flower of all his Troops. The main Body he ordered to lie before the Haven, looking towards /fi- He mak^ a S.ypt, leaving thirty of the ihiallefl: Ships to block up That called the "o<^(<'/f"* Gate o\ Sidon ; two of which latter bemg taken by the Jyrtans, it gave liich an Alarm to the refi, that Alexander, hearing the Out- cries of the People, caulcd the Fleet to advance toward the Place whence the Nolle came. The Admiral Gaily, with five Tire of Oars, came up firft fingly, which the Tyrians no fooner perceived, than they detached two to attack her. Againft one of theic flic ran with all her Force, and grappled her dole, but not till flic had firft received a rude Shock from her Beak : Mean while, the other Tyr'tan Gaily was bearing up againft the contrary fide of the Admi- rals, when another oi Macedon came upon her with iuch Violence, as toffed her Pilot from the Poop headlong into the Sea. By this time feveral more of the Macedonian Ships arrived at the Place, where 1 02 Naval TratjfaBions lefore the Book II. where was alfo the King himrelf in Pcrlbn, when at length the Ty- ria»s, with very great Difficulty, diiengagcd their grappled Gaily, and retired towards the Town with their whole Yhct, Alexander following them clofe in the Rear; and tho' he was not able to en- ter the Gate, being repuHcd with Showers of Arrows from the Walls, yet he took or iiink moft of the Ships. A veneraUf. After this he gave his Troops two Days reft, and then caufing fault on the thc whole Flcct to advance with all the Machines for a general Ai- ^"y- fault, he mounted one of the Towers hiraleif, expofmg his Perfon to the utmoft Danger, in the moft adventrous manner his Courage ever prompted him to ; for being prefently known by the Rich- nels of his Armour, and other Enfigns of Royalty, he became in a Moment the But of all the Enemy's Shot. There he performed Wonders to be admired of all Mankind, killing firft with his Jave- lins many of thofe who defended the Walls, and advancing nearer, he tumbled leveral down into the Town, and many into the Sea, fome with his Sword, others with his Target, for the Tower from whence he fought almoft touched the Wall. By this time all the principal Defences were beaten down by thc battering Rams, the Fleet had forced its way into the Harbour, and i'everal of the Ma- cedonians had pofTefTed themfclves of thc Towers abandoned by the The city ta- Tyr'ians, fo that they being hard prcfTed on all fides, fome fled to ken, and a the Tcmplcs to implotc the Affiftance of the Gods, others Ihut them- ^tre'ofit! In- felvcs up in their Houfes, and prevented thc Fury of the Conqueror habitants. by a Voluntary Death, while divers lallying out among the thickclt of the Enemy, refblvcd to fell their Lives as dear as they could : But the grcateft Number got up to the Roofs of the Houfes, and thence threw down Stones on the Macedonians, or whatever came next to hand, as they entered the Town. Alexander gave Orders that all Ihould be put to the Sword, except iuch as had taken San- diuary in the Temples, and that they fliould fire thc Houfes : Bun notwithftanding this Order was publilhcd by Sound of Trumpet, there was not a Man among the Tyrians, who bore Arms, which would condefcend to take Refuge in the Temples, where were found only Women and Children, the Men planting themfclves at the Doors of their Houfes, in Expcdation every Moment of being fa- crrficed to the Rage of the Soldiers. The Sidonians indeed, who attended Alexander in this Siege, laved many of them, who enter- ing the Town with the Macedonians, and remembering their Affi- nity to the Tyriansy whofe City and theirs Qwcd their Origiue to Many Tyri- the fame Founder, they privately conveyed great Numbers of them ITlVH'^i!!! O" board their Ships, and tranfported them 10 Sidon. There were no lets than hfteen thouland laved by this pious Fraud from the Fu- ry of thc Conqueror, by whom what a dreadful Slaughter was com- mitted, may be guefTed by the Numbers cut to pieces only on the Ramparts of the Town, which amounted to fix thoufand. But the King's Anger was not yet pacified, for after the Troops were weary of killing, he caufed, in cold Blood, two thoufand Tyrians to be nailed to CrolTes along the Sca-lhore ; a dreadful Spectacle even to the Conquerors themfclves ! To the Ambaffiadors of Car- thage Chap. X. Dijjolutton of the Rom. Empire. i o 3 thdge he extended his Pardon, on account of the Sacrednefs of their Alexander Charader; but at the lame time declared his Intentions of War a- l"/'^'"'.'''' gainft their City, lo loon as his more nuportant Atiairs would give from Car- him leave. Thus was the City oi'Tyre taken in the leventh Month ''"a*-- of the Siege, of whole ancient Glory in maritime Affairs we ha\c already Ihfficienrly I'poken in the foregoing Sheers. From hence Alexander repaired to Gaz,a, ordering Hephcjticn a- long the Coaft ot ■Phoenicia^ and to meet him with the Fleet at that Place, where he received Advice that Amphotertu and. Egilochrts^ with a Navy of a hundred and fixry Sail, had reduced to his Ol'^e- dience all the Iflands between Greece andyJ/ia, where, in the Re- dudtion of Chios, they had taken twelve 'Ferjian Gallies of three Tire of Oars each, with all their Equipage, and thzl Ariflojiiais, Tyrant oi' Methymne, arriving ac the lame Place, which he thou^lic yet in the Hands of the 'Perjiaus, was there taken Prilbner. Ale- Alexardsr/a- xander, having made himlelt Malter of Gaza, he hadcncd on to- ■^'"ii^^i./'f- •wards yEp'pr, having firll diipat Jied y^»?>'«r^j- with ten Gallics to ^yp/, "J^^'l Macedonia for Recruits, and xXiZ A^gyptians^ who had long <^^roan- rtceived b-^ t-he ed under the Perjian Tyranny, joylully received him into their ■^*"'Syp»ans. Kingdom, where, between the Lake Mareotis and the Sea, he founded a new City, eighty Furlongs in Circumference, which he named from himlelf-, Alexandriay and tranlplanting thither the In- Bmiu Aie- habitants of feveral neighbouring Places, render 'd it a very populous xandria. and flourilhing Emporium. The Government of Aigypt he com- mitted to Aijcbyliis of Rhodes^ and for the Security of the Mouths of the JsL'tle^ he ordered a Squadron of thirty Sail under the Com- mand of 'Polemon ; when Tending Inftrudtions to Amphoterus, Ad- miral of the Fleet, to repair to Crete , and having Icttled that Ifland, to apply himlelf diligently to clear the Sea of Pirates, for the Secu- rity of Navigation, he marched on himlelf with his victorious Army toward the Euphrates, where defeating 'Darius again, who was ^- """'» z^'- foon after (lain by the Treachery of his own Subjects, he became -■'""' ^"'"^' Ible PolTeffor of the Empire oiPerJia. After this, he fubdued the Hyrcanians, Mardi^ Ccdrojians, 'Pa- "^'^ f-'bdnts ropamifada, Scythians, Arians, and Indians, as tar as the Gan^i^es, "'"'''''' and on the Banks of rhc River Hypalis erected Altars to the Twelve Gods, each of them fifty Cubits high, as a Monument to Poftcrity of his Expedition in thole Parts. Marching thence, he encamped on the Banks of the Acefine^ and the Fleet which he had ordered to be built, with dcfign of vifiting the Ocean, being now ready on that River, conillUng ot a thouland Sail, he, before his Departure, founded the Cmcs, Nic a a Sin<\ Bucephala; when embarking his w^/"'""^* '^< Troops, he fell down the laid River to that Place where it meets ^Z'k^-^H- with the Hydafpes, and there found the Sobians drawn up to oppofc hi, him with an Army of forty thouland Men. Landing his Troops, ovtnomti tht he immediately drove them into their City, wMiich, in Defpair, they Sobians, fet fire to, and burnt themiclves and their Effedts. As Alexander was in one of his Barges, taking a View of the Citadel of rhisTown, which was fituated where the Acejine and Hydafpes fall into the /«- duSy as hath been before obl'crved, he narrowly clcaped being drown- ed. 1 04 Naval TranfatYtons lefore the Book 11. ed, the Confluence of all thofe Rivers cauf*ing a very rapid Curreat there, in ackuowiedgmcut of which DeHvcrance, he railed an Altar to- each River, whereon having iacrificed, he went on toward the Country of the Oxidraca, and fetting down before their chief Ci- ts dangeroujiy ty, was dangcroufly wounded. No Iboncr was he cured than he ■wounded. purfucd his Voyage down the River Indus to the Ocean, where he built feveral Cities on the Coafls, as Monuments of his Glory. He gave Orders to Nearchus and Oncficritus ^ who were moft skilled ftndi feme io Navigation, to take the ftrongefl: and bcft built Ships of the Fleer, perfons to dif- and penetrate as far into the Ocean on that fide as they could with dun Ocean' Safety, and then return to him either up the fame River Indus, or ihc EnpbraUs ; the former of whom (^ssTlutarcb tells us in the / Life of Alexander) having coafted along Arabia, ALtbiopiay and Lybia, came about to the Pillars oi Hercules, and returned through the Mediterranean to Macedonia, burns his Early the next Spring fetting fire to mod of his Ships which ships in In- would havc bccu ufelefs in his Return, he ereftcd Altars on anifland. in the Mouth of the Indus, around which, as the Goal of his Race, and the Limits of his Empire, he caufed himfclf to be rowed in one of his nimblcft Gallies, when making Libations to Neptune, he threw the golden Cups he made ule of in that Ceremony into the Sea, and eredbed an Altar to him and the Gcddefs Tethys, praying for a fafe Return : Then having diftributed among his Friends the Governments of India, he fet forwards towards Babylon by Land, receiving Advice in his way that Ambafladors from Carthage, and the other Cities oi Africk, as alio from Spain, Gaul, Sicily, Sar- dinia, and fome Cities of Ital)\ attended his Arrival : But he was no fooner come to Babylon with defign, as one would think, to ce- lebrate the Convention of the whole Univerfe, than at one of his dies et Baby- publick Entertainments, Poifon (as fome have fuppofed) was given \ori by Poif '17. j^jj^^ of which in few Days he died, in the thirty third Year of his wtrif%r -^o^' ^^^ thirteenth of his Reign. Thus kll Alexander, not by Be/ore' chri'ft, any hoftilc Attempt, but the trcafonable Contrivances of his own 3i3- Subjedts, or, as others have related, of a Debauch. His private It appeared from his private Papers, containing Minutes of what " he intended to do, which after his Death were read in a publick Aflcmbly of the principal Officers of the Army, that he deilgncd to have given Orders to the People of Tbosnicia, Syria, Cilicia, and Cyprus, to get ready a Fleet of a thoufand Gallies, larger than thofe of three Tire of Oars then commonly uled, for an Expcditloa againft the Carthaginians, and other maritime People of Lybia, Spain, Italy, and Sicily, purpofing to reduce to his Obedience the whole Coafl oi Africk as far as the Pillars oi Hercules, and all the Mediterranean Sea : And for the Reception and Entertainment of io great a Fleet, he intended to make convenient Harbours, with well furnifli'd Naval Arfenals, in the Places moft commodioully fi- tuatc for that purpofe. A fit Succefibr was wanting to fo great a King, and fo excellent a Captain, but the Weight of Empire was too great for any other fiDgle Perfbn to bear : However, for the preleut, Terdiccas was s made Memoirs. Chap. XL Diffohtmi of the Rom. EiJipirc. 105 made choice of to manage the Affairs of the Army, who, to re- move liich as might be jealous of his Power, as well as to make the Kingdoms he diftributed pafs for free Gifts of his own, divided The Divijion the Provinces of the Empire among the chief Commanders. To "f ^'"^i- Ttolemy was given ^gypt and Africa^ and to Laomedon Syria and Phoenicia, Ant'tgonns had Lycia and T amphyltay with the Greater 'Phrygia ; and Leonatus the Lejfer 'Pbrygia and Hellefpontus. Caffander was Tent to Caria, and Menander to Lydia., and Cappa- doc'ia and ^aphlagonia fell to Ertmeiies, as Media did to 'Pithon. Lyjimachus had the Government oi Thrace, and the neighbouring? Countries on the Euxine Sea, but in the Eaftern Provinces and di- ftant Indian Acquifitions the former Deputies were ftill retained. Not long after which j as if lb many Kingdoms, and not Govern- ments, were divided among themfclves, they made themiclves Kings inftead of Governours, and acquired great Wealth and Power, which they left to their Pofterity. Chap. XI. Of the Naval Wars of the Grecians, from the Death of Alexander the Great^ to the Rediici'ton of Macedonia to the Obedience of the Romans. WH I LE Affairs went thus in the Eaft, the Athenians and Ai- The Atheni- toLians carried on the War, which they had begun mAlex- f"fj3^"'^J^;' ander's Life-time, with great Vigour and Diligence, the Occafion „„ a v\glr]m whereof was this. Alexander, in his Return from India, had dif- ^var agahp. patched Letters into Greece, commanding all the Cities to recall ^B^Amlr'a- their Exiles, except only fuch as were guilty of Murder ; which ter. Letters being read in the Prefence of all Greece, then aflcmbled at the Olympick Games, occafioncd great Commotions, becaule fcve- ral had been banifhed their Country not legally, but by the Fadi- ons of the great Men ; who now began to apprehend that, if they were reftored, they would loon come to have a greater Intereft in the Government than themiclves. For this Realbn many of thele Cities openly murmured, and gave out, that they would defend their Liberty by Force of Arms. The chief Promoters of this Inliirredlion were the Athenians and Aitolians, which when Alex- ander came to undcrftand, he ordered his Allies to furnifli him with a thoufand Gallics to carry on the War in the Weft, refolving with a powerful Army to level Athens with the Ground ; whereupon the Athenians railed an Army of thirty thoufand Men, and, with two hundred Ships, made War upon Antipater, to whole Share the Go- vernment of Greece fell ; but finding that he declined the Hazard of a Battel, and covered himlcif within the Walls of the City Hera- clea, they clolcly bcfiegcd" him. Leonatus^ who had the Govern- P ment I o^ Naval Trail factions before the Book 11. Aniipater takes Athens. Cz'SinAtxgets the Kingdom of Maccdon. iVar brea'm out between Antigonus, Ptolemy, c/c. CaJTander kills Alexan- der's Relati- ment of Hellefpontus and T^brygia Minoj\ advancing with all Ex- pedition to his Relief, was himiclf flaia ; but Antipater^ by the Ac- cciTion of thefc Forcer, judging himfeif a Match for the Enemy, who had now railed the Siege, he left Heraclea^ and marched his Troops into Macedonia^ whence he advanced to Athens ; which, after a Ihort Siege, was liirrendcred to him, he obliging the Atheni- ans to change the Government of the People to that of the Few, and to receive a Garrifou of Macedonians into Mnnjckia. On the Death oi Ant'tpnter\ the Llacedon'ians were divided into two Fadti- ons, one of which was for C'a(fandet\ the other for ''Polypcrchcn, in the Intereft of the former of whom were the great Men oi Athens^ and in that of the latter the Commons ; but Cajjaitder prevailed, and pofTelTed himfeif of that Kingdom, having paved his way to the Throne by the Murder oi AridaiiSy Biother to Alexander the Great, and his Wife Enrydicc, and of Olympas^ Alexanders Mo- ther. By this time there had fallen of the SuccefTors of that Prince To- lyferchon., Craterus^ TerdiccaSy and Einnenes, the refi: taking part either with Antigonus or 'Ttolemy, the Demands of the latter of whom, and of his Confederate?, Cajfander, Ly^machus, and Se- leucus, were, that an equal Dividend iliould be made both of the Provinces, and of the Booty taken fince the Death of EumeneSy but Antigonus refuled to have any Sharers with himfeif in the Pro- fits of the War: And that he might have an honourable Pretence on his fide to break with them, he gave out that he was rclblvcd to revenge the Death oiOlympiaSy who was flain by Cajfander, and to deliver the Son of his Prince, and his Mother from the Imprilbn- ment they were kept in by him ; whereupon 'Ptole?ny and CaffdU' der entered into a League with Lyfimachiis and Selencus, and car- ried on the War with all imaginable Vigour both by Sea and Laud. 'Ptolemy at this time polTefled ^gypty with Cyprus and Phcenicia, and the greater part of Africk. Macedonia and Greece were un- der Caffander's Government ; and as for Antigonusy he had AJla, with mod part of the Eaft, having lately dilpofTeflcd Selencus of the Government of Babylony and the adjacent Provinces he had made himfeif Mafter of After fevcral bloody Battels fought with various Succefs, they came to a Treaty, that each Ihould retain the Provinces he had; thiX. Alexander's Son by Roxane, when at Age, Ihould be made King ; that Cajfander Ihould be Captain General of Europey and that the Grecians Ihould live after their own Laws : But this Agreement was not long kept, for each of them endea- voured, under any Pretence, to enlarge the Bounds of his Domini- ons, and this with the lels Reflraint, for that ihortly after Cajfander not only rook off that Son oi Alexander' Sy for whom they pretend- ed themfelves Adrainiftrators, with his Mother Roxane y but alio his natural Sou Hercules y and Arfine the Mother of that Son likcwile. Under Pretence of enforcing the Execution of that Article of the foi-elaid Treaty, relating to the Freedom of Greece^ Antigonus fitted out a formidable Fleet at EphefnSy where were alio got ready 1 a con- Chap. XL DiJJbhition of the Kom. Empire. 107 a confidcrable Body of Troops to be embarked, the Command of all which he committed to his Son ^Demetrius, with Inftrudions to Demetrius procure to all the Cities of Greece their ancient Liberties, and ^x^ J^"t ivuh a to begin with Atheiis, wherein Cajfander maintained a ftrong Gar- ;.,,v7o'Greece rilon. When the Land-Forces were all on board, and the Fleet was ready to iail, T)emetruis thinking it neceflary, for Tome particular Reaionp, to keep iecret, as long as pofTibly might be, the Place he defigncd fiift to repair to, he delivered out to the rcfpcdive Cap- tains a iealed Paper, with Orders, if they kept Company together, nor to open the lame, but if they Ihould happen to be Icparaced by bad Weather, or any other Accident, then to break it open, and Iteer their Courfc to the Place therein directed. This Circumftance we learn from Toljanus in his Book of Stratagems, and is the firft Inftance in Hiftory of the Ule of a Iealed Rendezvous, though pro- bably it might have been often enough uled before, being what com- mon Realon muft necefiarily did:ate on fuch Occafions, however 'Folyanus happen'd to think it worthy of a Place in his Work. Ar- riving with the Fleet at the Virans, he took it by Aflault, and in few Ddiys ohWgcA'Demett ills Thalcreiis, who commanded for Gz/^ Athens rejio- fander in Athens^ to withdraw his Troops thence ; and having re- '^'^ '" "^ ^-'' (lored that Place to its ancient Government and Liberties, and alfo '"^ '^' reduced the Fortrels of Munycbia and Q\iy of Me gar a ^ he received further Inftrudtions from Antigonus to caufe Deputies to be chofen by the i'everal Cities of Greece^ that they might meet together, and tranfad: what was necefTury for the publick Peace and Safety, and to repair himlclf with the Fleet to Cyprus^ and ufe his beft Endea- vours to reduce that Ifland, where 'Ptolemy maintained a confide- rable Force both by Sea and Land. T)emetrtns immediately made Iail Eadward, and calling in at Demetritis Rhodes, endeavoured to prevail with the People of that iHand (who t^^"^'^^' '" then made a great Figure in the Mediterranean) to break with 'Fto- ^^'"*' leniy\ but they defiring to be left at liberty to remain Neuter, it was the Ground of Aiitkonus's future Relentments aMinft them. From thence ''Demetrius proceeded to Cilicia, where receiving a Re inforcemcnt of Men and Ships, his Strength now confifted of fifteen thouland Foot, and four hundred Horfe, above a hundred and twenty Gallics, and fifty three large Ships of Burthen, with which pafTing over to Cyprus, he landed his Troops not far from Qarpajia, a Town on the North-Eafl fide of the Ifland ; and there drawing his Gallies alhore, which, as well as his Camp, he fecured with a ftrong Retrenchment, he made Incurfions into the adjacent Country, and fiirprized Carpajla, with Urania, another neighbouring Town; when leaving a luflicient Body of Troops for the Defence of the Camp and Shipping, he marched toward Salamis, near which Place he was met by Menelatis, 'Ptolemy'^ Governour of the Ifland, with Antigonus /-if an Army of five and twenty thoufand Foot, and eighteen hundred JJ^/^cVpTus. Horic, with whom engaging, he gave him a Signal Overthrow, and obliged him to retire into the City, where Menelans put himfelf in the befl: Poflure of Defence he was able, and immediately difbatch- ed MclTcngers to Mgypt, with Advice of the Lofs he had iultained P X in il 1 08 Naval TravfaBions hfore the Book II. hii M.ichr/iei btinit. it\ the late B.itrel, and dcftring i'pecdy Succours to be fcnt to his Rc- Sahmis be- Hcf. ''DemctriHs , on the other hand, immediately invcfted the fcged. Place, and prolccuced the Siege with the urmoft Vigour, having brought over with him, in abundance, all neceflary Inllrnnicnts and Urciifils for that purpolb; and for the more fpccdy Reduction of the Place, he here invented that Engine called the Helcpolis, a Ma- chine of prodigious Bulk, not unlike thole battering Rams which were covered with Shrouds, but vaftly bigger, and of far greater force, containing Icveral linaller Engines out of which Stones, and other mini ve Weapons, were call:. With this, the battering Rams, Demetiiiis and Other Machines, he had very much ruined the Walls, when the Bcficged found means to fct them on fire : However, he was not difcour.iged with this Lois, but carried on the Siege with the utmoft Application. Ptolemy^ underftanding what Straits Menelans was reduced to, Ptoicmy was now arrived at 'Paphos, where having encreafed his Force with 7o'l!n^o'tVe ^^' ^"^^ ^^^?^ of the Ifiand, he advanced to Citium, about five and RdcfofMc- twenty Miles from Salamis, with a hundred and forty well appoint- ne!aus. gj Gailics, the biggeft of which had five Tire of Oars, and the leaft four, and was followed by above two hundred Tranfports, which had on board ten thoufand Men, From hence 'Ptolemy difpatched a Courier to MeJielaus, with Orders to fend out to him with all Ipeed, if it could poflibly be done, fixty Gallies which were in the Port oi Salamus, by the AccelTion of which his Fleet would be in- crealed to two hundred Sail, and with that Number he doubted not to be able to deal with the Enemy. 'Demetrius having Intelligence Demetrius of this Defign, left part of the Army before the Town, and em- prepares to en- h^ixkzd a Body of chofeu Troops on board his Gallies, each of counier him. ^yj^jj;}^ j^g furuiihcd with a Machine for throwing mifiive Weapons, to be fixed on their Prows ; and being thus well provided, he came about to the Entrance of the Port oi' Sa/amis, where, jufl: out of Javelin Ihor, he anchored with his whole Fleet, making choice of this Station, as well to prevent the fixty Gallies in the Harbour from coming out, as for that he reckoned it an advantagious Place to wait and engage the Enemy. But as foon as he found Ptolemy's Fleet was nearer approach'd, he left Antijibejies with ten Gallies of five Tire of Oars to keep that Station, and block up the Harbour, on each fide of the Entrance whereof^ which was narrow. He alio ordered Ibme Troops to take Port near thereto, that they might be at hand to aflift and receive into their Proted;ion the Sea- men, in cafe they ibould be obliged, by any ill Succefs, to retire to the Shore. This done, he advanced himlelf to meet the Enemy, having with him a hundred and eight Gallies, the largefl: whereof were of fevenTirc of Oars, and theleaft of four. In the Left Wing were feven Phoenician Gallies of leven Tire of Oars, and thirty A- the7iian Gallics of four, commanded by Medins ; befides which, be ordered in that Wing, wherein he intended to fight himfell^ ten Gal- lies of fix Tire of Oars, and as many of five. In the Centre were dilpoled the Imalleft Ships under the Command of Themifon and Marfias ; and the Right Wing was led by Hegefippis of Halicar- najffus^ Chap. XL Diffolutton of the Rom. Einpirc. i o^ najfiis^ 2iuATlifiiasoiCos. 7*r(9/^wy was making the beft of his Way by Night toward Salamps, in Hopes of being join'd by the Ships in the Port before the Enemy could come up, but being furprized at Break of Day with the Sight of their Fleet coming down in Order of Battel, he a.m. 364;. immediately dil'poi'ed his Ships to receive them, ordering the Trani- porrs with the Troops aboard to keep at a convenient Dillance. The two Princes now having at Itake their Lives, their Glory a F,ght hc- and Honour, were both eager to engage, when immediately from '^"•" ''>^ T:>emetrms\ Gaily was hoifted a gilt Shield, as a Signal for Battel, ^^Z''I!Jd' which was prelently auiwered by the like Signal on 'PtoLeniy's Side: metnus. And now the Trumpets ibunding a Charge, and the Men letting up a loud Huzza, they firft bellowed Showers of Arrows and Darts at each other, and then advancing nearer, thcGalliesrulhedagainfi: each other with the ucmoft Fury and Violence, and with the Shock wi- ped off alternately whole Sides of Oars. Some of them were rranl- fixed by others with their Beaks, when racking about, they charged Stern to Stern, and ibme falling with their Broadfides together, were mutually boarded with great Slaughter. Numbers of Men in getting up the Sides of Gallies were either llain with Spears from above, or with milfivc Weapons Iwept off into the Sea; and thus the Engage- ment lafted many Hours with great Obftinacy, and various Succels. '^Demetrius was in a Gaily with fevcn Tire of Oars, and placing him- Iclf on the Deck fought with fmgular Courage and Relblution, do- ing wonderful Execution among the Enemy, not only with Jave- lins but his Spear, while they threw whole Showers of Darts at him, which, with great Dexterity, he avoided, or received on his Buck- ler ; and of three Perfons who were more particularly adtive againfl: him, one he killed on the Spot, and dangeroufly wounded the other two. His Behaviour was lo gallant, and every little Advantage he prolecuted lo vigoroully, that at length he entirely broke the Ene- my's Right Wing, and put them to Flight, as well as their main Bo- dy ; not but that T'tohmy performed all the Parts of a valiant and P'oiemy able Leader, and was fo well lullain'd wi^h the Gallies of grcatcfl: '"""'"" =^"'- Force, and the choicn Men he had with him in that Wing, that he got the better oi'Demetrifis's, Right whichjwas oppoled to him, and forced them to retire in Confufion, with the Lois of Icveral Ships funk and taken, with all their Men. Flulhcd with this Succcis, he little doubted of the like in the other Part of the Fleet, but when he advanced, and found his Right Wing and main Body entirely bro- ken, and Hying before the Enemy in Dilbrder, who gave them dole Chacc, he withdrew to Citiwn. 'Demetrius as loon as he had for- ced the Enemy to give Way, and made himfclf Mafter of feveral of their Ships, committed the main Body of the Fleet to the Charge of Neon and Burichus, with Orders to give Chace to the flying Ships and take up the Men that w ere Ivvimrning about, and repaired him- Iclf with the reft, and the Gallies he had taken, to the Port where were his Land and Naval Camps. During the Heat of this Engage- Mena-tius ment, Metielaus, who commanded in Salamisy gave Orders to forca through MenoEtius to take upon him the Command of the fixty Gallies '^<^'netrius* in that Harbour, and fight his Way out to join Ttolemy^ who ac- \^^^'^[ "' oordingly no Naval Tranfa^ioiis iefore the Book II. cordingly executed his Orders, and obliged the ten Gallies T>eme- trius had left there, to retire under the Shore to the Protcdion of the Land Forces : But happening to arrive too late to have a Share in the Engagement, they all returned to Salamis. The Damage Such was the Evcut of this Naval Battel, wherein forty of Tto- m"'/f/«°'^ /^wjv's Gallies were funk, and all their Men drowned, eighty more, *"^ ' ' ' being very much lliatter'd, were taken, together with mod of the Tranlports, which had on Board them eight thoufand Men ; and ail this with no other Lofs than the difabling twenty of T>emetrir/s's Gallies, yet not fo much, but that, with the necefTary Care, they were put into a Condition for Service again. Ptolemy giving up Cyprus for loft, made the beft of his Way for Mgypt^ while 'Deme- Demetrius trim, in thc mean time, improved his Succefs by the Redudion of conqunsC)^- ^|| jhc Towus of the iflaud, where he took above fixtecn thoufand ^'" ' Foot Soldiers, and fix hundred Horlc, which he incorporated among his own Troops. He dil'patched a Gaily with fome Pcrfons of Qiia- lity to give an Account of, and to congratulate Antigonns on this Antigonus Vidtory, who thereupon put on a Regal Diadem, and from that time *f"'^' f ' forward took to himlelf the Title of King, with which he likewife ^'IdT" honoured his Son "Demetrius. Ttolemy, nothing the humbler for Ptolemy, c^f. j^js late Loffcs, worc alfo a Diadem, and cauled himielf to be pro- tlaimed King; and, in Imitation of theic, Seleucm and Caff under, together with Lyjimachus ufurped the fame Title : And now Anti- gonm recalling his Son from Cyprus, got together a vaft Army in Syria^ with which rendezvoufing at Gaza, he marched toward M- gypt, ordering 'Demetrius to coaft it along with the Fleer, to ad: in Antigonus Concert with him, as Occafion fhould offer ; but Ttolcmy had made attempts TV.- fo gocd Preparation for his Reception, both by Sea and Land, by gypt;»ruw, pi^(;jp,g f^rong Garrifons in the Frontier Towns toward Syria (where he had alfo ready a flying Camp to harrafs the Enemy) and well guarding the Mouths of the Nile by confiderable Numbers of Ships, that Antigonus was obliged to return to Syria with his Army and Fleet, from this fruitlefs Expedition. peparei togo The next Year he thought fit to profecute his Refentments againft againji the Rhodiuus, which Republick was at this time Miftrefs of a great Rhodes. jsj^val Force, and its Government was fo wifely adminiftcr'd, that all the neighbouring Kings and Princes courted her Friendihip. The Rhodians knowing what vaft Advantages would accrue from fuch a Condud, cultivated Friendlhips with all the Princes and States where their Interefts could be any Ways concern'd, carefully avoiding to fend Aid to any, or at all to interfere in the Wars wherein any of them happened to be engaged, and fo fairly maintained a Neutra- lity, that they were highly cfteemed on all Sides. By this means having enjoyed a long Peace and flourilhing Commerce, they had acquired prodigious Wealth and Power, infomuch that, at their own Charge, they took upon them, for the Service of Greece in gene- 7/;e Rhodians ral, to fit out a formidable Fleet to fcour thc Sea of Pirates, which {/ ^;r!i«/" they effedlually did ; not but that they had at the fame time their own particular Advantage, by providing for the Security of their Trade. During all the Contentions between the Succeffbrs of Alex- ander Ill Chap.XI. Diffohnion of the Rom. Empire. under, they had behaved thcmfelves with the greatcft Caution, fo as not to give Offence co any, but in their Hearts were mofl: incli- ned to favour Ttolcmy, as being Matter of chat Country from which they received the greaceft Advantages in their Trade; which Inch- nation of xhcns.A'itigonus taking notice of, endeavoured to prevail with them to abandon the Friendlhip of his Enemy, and, when the Expedition againft Cyprus was firll: relblved on, defired by hib Mini- ^^, fters that they would aid his Son 'Demetrius with Men and Ships for -vourmg Anti- that Service, which they refufing, he fcnt a Fleer againfl them, with 8'^"'^^ Orders to the Admiral thereof to icizc all the Merchants that tra- ded to jEgypt, with their Ships and Effcdts. This the Rbodians not liiffaing him to do, he accufcd them as having begun Hofli- lities, and drawn upon rhcmlelves a juft War, threatening withall " to lay Siege to their City; but they endeavoured to divert this Tem- ped by decreeing extraordinary Honours to Antigonus, and by a Ib- lemn EmbafTy humbly prayed that he would not force them to a War with 'Ptolemy^ contrary to the F"aith of their Treaties lubfift- iiig with him, and the Law of Nations; notwithftanding which he peremptorily infilled on his Demands, and fending 'Demetrius wkh he fends De- a ftrong Force to iuvcO; the place, they let him know that they '"^"^1?/."',. ihould be ready to afllfl: his Father agauift Ttolemy whenfocver he *'' pleafcd. He not iatisficd with this, demanded a i^undred of their molt confidcrable Men as Hoftaoes, and Leave to enter their Har- bour with his Fleet ; but the Rbodians fulpedring he dcfigned to lurprize them, reiblved to fuftaia the War, and prepared for their Defence. Demetrius, on the other hand, was no Icfs diligent in his Pre- ^'"^ f^'iodims paratious for the Siege, having got together a Fleet of two hundred a^r'^Dsfince. Gallies, an hundred and Icventy Ships of Burthen, and Tranlports, on board all which were forty thouiand Men; and he had alio a thoufand Ships belonging to Free-booters, or private Adventurers, who followed him for the fake of the Pillage of ih rich an Ifland. With this Force advancing to Rhodes, he inverted the Town by Sea Rhodes in- andLand, and planted a orcat Number of Machines asainft the Walls; "^'fl^'^h^^- lo o ni CUIUS mean while the Rbodians were not neghgent, but defended thcm- felves with incredible Bravery, and, in ieveral fuccelsful Sallies, de- ftroyed his Machines with Fire. He neverthelels pulhed the Siege with all imaginable Vigour, invented levcral Engines for annoying the Enemy, and at length found out and caufed to be made one of a moil: enormous Magnitude, being nine Stories high, which required a prodigious above three thouiand ftrong Men to move it: From his^ peculiar Ge- ' "i'"' """'« nius in the Invention of which Engines, and the Uie he made of ^ ^'"'^ ^ ^' • them, he was firnamcd 'Fo/iorcctcs, or the Befieger of Towns. The Siege had now lafted almolf twelve Months, for the Rbodi- ans having all along kept their Communication open to the Sea, (Demetrius not being able to make himlblf Mailer of the Harbour,) received frequent Supplies from Ptolemy and other confederated Princes, and, at length, after many inefTedual Attempts for bring- ing matters to a Compofition, (tor which feveral Cities and States had intcrpofcd their goo.d Offices,) Antigont4'S, from the Advices his Son 1 1 2 Naval Tranjathons before the Book II. Son fcnt him of their mort obftinarc Defence, dcipairinc^ of redu cing them, gave him private Inllru6tions ro come ro au Agreement on any reafonablc Terms. He waited a proper Opportunity to do this with a good Grace, which foon offered ; for although Ptolemy had acquainted them by Letter that he would lend them a Re-in- forceracnt of three thouiand Men, and a Supply of Corn, yet he at the fame time advilcd them, if they couid gain any good Terms, to come to a Compoficion with Antigomis, of which ^Jemetrius having Advice, he made Ufe of the Ambaffadors of the j^toUaiis, who were come to be Mediators, to open the Matter, and io at laft a A Peace con- Peacc was concluded on thefe Conditions, that the City of Rhodes '''"^Rh^d'^ c fiiould receive no foreign Garrilbn, but fliould enjoy all its Revenues; " ' That the Rhodiaus fliould aid Ant'tgonus in his Wars on all Occa- fions, except againfi: 'Ptolemy ; and that, for the Performance thereof^ they Ihould deliver up an hundred Hoftages, luch as 'Demetrius iliould make Choice ot, excepting thofe that had gone through the Offices of State. Having concluded this Treaty, he purluant to fiirther Inftrudtions from Antigojiits, croifcd the jEgeaUy and repaired to Atilis^ a Port of Bccotia, to perfed: the Work he had begun of rcftoring the Liber- Demetims ^ jy ^f Greece^ which Ca[(ander now ravaged with a powerful Army. "flllmg Li- There landing his Troops, he marched againft CaJ/ai/der, and obli- tcrty to gej hitn to retire beyond the Pals of Tbennofyl^^ recovering all '^"^' the Country he had over-ran, and rcftoring all the Cities to their Freedom as he pafTed ; after which, he, in a general Affembly of the Grecians at the IjUmnan Games, lb far prevailed as to be couflitu- tcdGcncralillimo of Greece^ in the lame manner as Philip and Alex- ander had been; but while thefe things were doing, he received Advice that Ptolemy., Selencm, and the other confederated Princes were marching againft his Feather with their united Forces, upon which he went over into Afia, and there joining Battel with the Antigonus Enemy, Antigonns lofl his Life therein, but he faved himfelf by ip Then repairing on board his Fleet, he laid wafte the Cherfonejiis^ Demetrius had Athens again furrender'd to him, defeated the Lacedamoniansy ihcns^Lel'is ^"^ poflcfled hiuilclf of the Kingdom of Macedon, putting to Death the Lacedrc- Alexander the Son oiCaJfander. He alfo invaded Thrace, iiibdued monians, and thc Bd'Otians, and having made himlelf Maftcr oiThebes, declared ^cfdon.^^^' War againft Pyrrhus, King oi EpiruSy who had Icizcd on Part of A.M. 5655. Macedonia, to whole Aid confiderable Forces were fcnt by Seleucus^ Lyjimachus, andPtolcmy, the latter of whom alfo fitted out a formi- dable Fleet, which advancing toward GVf. was fiain, leaving three Sons, Htmilco^ Hanno, and Gifco. Of t\\c(c Himilco, being conftituted General {'ox x.\\t Carthaginians m Si- cily, he defeated 'Diony/hts, Tyrant oi Syracufe, in levcral Engage- H\m\\>:o heart ments by Sea and Land, but loft the grcateft Part of his Army af- ^j°"y'l"=' "' terwards by the Plague, upon which he returned to Carthage, where ^^^" ^' through Grief he laid violent Hands on himfclf kills himfeij^ The Carthaginians being forced out of Sicily, "Dionyfins confi- dcred that fo great an Army lying at home without Adfion, might endanger the Repofe and Tranquilhty of his Kingdom ; wherefore he tranlported them to Italy, as well to keep them perpetually em- ployed, as to enlarge the Bounds of his Dominions. He firft built conq-ufl, m Sicily Gallies with five Tire of Oars, and made alfo a maritime ^"'^^h Di Aricnal nar Syracufe , wherein were a hundred and fixty Houles °'!^ '"^,. for the Reception of his Naval Stores, with all necefiary Conveni- »f",-^yracir>. cnces for building and fitting his Ships; and making War upon thole Grecians which inhabit the oppofitc Shores of Italy, he de- feated them, attacked moft of the neighbouring People, and redu- cing the Country of the Rhegians , together with the Locri Epi- z-ephyrii, intended to join his Arms with the Sctmiian Gauls, who Q 1 had ii6 Naval Tranfa8io?is before the Eook II. had lately burnt Rome, and afterwards to try his Fortune for the Conqueft of all Italy ; but, in the midfl: of thefe Defigns, he was forced to return home, where Hanno , the Cart bagijiiau General, was laying wafte his Dominions. Hanno was found guilty of ibmc trcafonable Contrivances againft the State, for which he fuiTcrcd Dionyfius Death, and 'Dionyfius becoming odious to his People, by his Pride, /lain by his Ambition, and Cruelty, was at length flain by his own Subjects, suijed!. ^^^ j^.^ cldeft Son, of the iamc Name, fee up in his room; who be- A. M. 3s8i. . j^^ ^ ||^Qj.j. jji^^ expelled Sicily, was received by the Locreiifcs, with whom reigning tyrannically fix Years, he was at length driven out of their City by a Conlpiracy, and returned to Sicily \ where Tht younger having Syvucufe liirrender'd to him by Treachery, he flew Dio, to Dionyfius whole Courage and Condudt was owing his Defeat in a Sca-Fighc tahti Syr.'., off Lecutium, and his Expulfion from the Kingdom. Becoming e- very Day by his Cruelty more hateful to the People, he was again expofcd to a new Conlpiracy of the Citizens, headed by Icetes, Prince of the Leontines, afilfted by Tif/ioleon the Corinthian, by Dionyfius i '^" advancing further with his Troops, he encamped within five Miles ^' '°'^'"" of the City of Cartbage ; and to make up the Meafure of the Car- thagiuians Misfortunes, there now came Advice of the entire Lois of their Army and General in Stcily. For Agatbocles, upon his ex- traordinary SuccefTes in Africk, dilpatching Ncarcbus with two Gal- lies to Syracufe with Advice thereof, they in five Days reached that / Port, and as they were entering the Haven, (brae of the Carthagi- nian Ships, which lay l>efore the Town, attacked them, at which the People being alarmed, they came down in great Numbers on the 1 1 8 Naval Tranfaciiofts hefore the Book II. Amilcar ta- ken Prijoner, and murdered in Syracufe. the Strand, niauued out their Ships, and, fighting the Enemy with great Courage and Relblution, reicued the two Gallics, and brought them lafe in ; befidcs which, they gained a very confidcrablc Ad- vantage over them alhore. Amilcar, neverthelcls, pulhcd the Siege with all pofTibie Vigour, but being unfortunately taken Prilbner, he was carried into the City, and delivered up to the Populace, who put him to Death, his Army at the iame time receiving a fignal Over- throw. This Misfortune to the Carthaginians was not only at- tended with the Revolt of ieveral of the African Princes, who now took part with Agathoclesy but the Lois of feveral of the maritime Towns ; which Tyrant having now got fufficient Footing in A- frica^ and thinking his Prefence neceffary in Syracufe, ftill bcfieg- ed by more Forces the Carthaginians had lent thither fnice the Death oi Amilcar, he left the Command of the Army to his Son Archa- gathus, and repaired to Sicily, where he no fooner arrived, than all ^^ the Cities of the Ifland, having heard what noble Exploits he had K°akei himj'eif performed in Africa, ftrove who ihould firft throw themfelves un- Mafler of iil- ' ' • >^i--i- /- ^1.-. — ..; — I.. „„„»11; ^L - r^ ^...i • • cily, and re turns to A- frica. Asathocles Agathocles fiiei to Sy- racufe. Agathocles and the Car- thaginians. der his Obedience, lb that entirely expelling the Carthaginians thence, he became abfolute Mafter of the whole Country. Upon his Return to Africk, he found the Soldiers revolting a- gainft his Son, becaul'e he had delayed the Payment of their Ar- rears ; and lb diffatisfied were they, that he found it necelTary to iecure his Perfon by embarking for Syracufe in the fame Ships which had jufl: brought him from thence ; whereupon his Army capitulated with the Carthaginians, and furrendered themfelves, firft killing v^- gathocles's Sons, whom they had taken as they were endeavouring to efcape with their Father. After this, the Carthaginians fent new Commanders into Sicily to prolecute the War, with whom^^^i^o- peace between cli's coucludcd a Pcacc upou teafonable Conditions ; and having thus rid himfelf of the Carthaginians again, and fubdued all Sicily to his Obedience, he, as if he had been too ftridtly confined in the nar- row Limits of an llland, tranfported his Army into Italy, after the Example of T)ionyfius, and took feveral Cities there ; but a moft violent Diftemper leizing on him, and his Son and Grandlbn taking up Arms againft each other for the Crown, obliged him to return to Sicily, where he loon after died. About this txmzT^rrhus, King oi Epirus, was engaged in a War A. M. 3661. againft the Romans, and being implored by the Sicilians to come Pyrrhus aids to their Aftiftancc againft the Carthaginians, he arriving at Syra- the Sicilians, cufe, took Icvcral Cities, and joined the Title of King of Sicily to that of Epyrus. He defeated the Carthaginians in Ieveral Battels, but fome time after his Allies in Italy, by their Deputies, acquaint- ing him that they were not able to make head againft the Romans, and that if he delayed to relieve them, they fliould be ibon necel- fitated to furrender, he rclblvcd, if poflible, firft to finilh the War in Sicily by one decifive Battel with the Carthaginians, and accord- and routs the \x^<^^^ fought, and entirely routed them; but, notwithftanding his »^*si'aiy"^'" ' ^^^^ Succelfes, he immediately quitted Sicily, and fled like one conquered, for which reafon all his Allies deferted his Interefts, and revoked from him, fo that he loft the Kingdom oi Sicily \vi as fliort a time Agathocles dies. Chap. XIII. Diffolution of the Rom. Empire, i x 9 — — ■ — — — — — ' " ' ' ■■--■ — ^ — 1-... -—.■■i_. y — a time as he had acquired it ; and the fame ill Fortune attending him in Italy, he was conftraincd at lafl; to return to Efirus. 'Tjrrhus was a Prince of vaft Projects and Defigns, as may be Pynhus. a judged, among many other Inflances, Irom the extravagant Fancy, '''•'»«"/ "";'? as 'Fthiy tells us, he once entertained of laying a Bridge over from Greece to Italy, in order to march his Army into that Country. The Place where he dcfigned to build it was in the Mouth of the Adruitkk Gulph, to reach from Or'icum, (now Val del OrfoJ a City oi Efirus, a few Miles South oi Apollonia, to Hydrnntum in Italy-, (now Otranto) where it is about iifty Miles over ; but it being a very deep and tcmpcfluous Sea, and the Diftance io great, he found it impoflible to put his Proje<5t in Execution. He was certainly one of the greatefl: Inftances of good and bad Fortune which Hillory affords ; for as in his Profpcrity every thing fell out above his Expcdarion, witnel's his Vidiories in Italy and Sicily, and fo many Triumphs over the Romans ; lo now, when the Wheel turned about, this fame Fortune dcftroyed the Work of her own Fiands, and increa'ed the Lofs of Sicily wi.th the Ruin of his Navy Pyrrhus hu at Sea, an unliiccclsful Battel with the Romans, and a diihonourable ^'^'^y ''"'"^^ at Sea. Retreat out oi Italy. After he had quitted Sicily, Hieroii was con- f^ ftitutcd chief Magiftrate of the Ifland, who behaved himlclf with fo Magyu-auff much Moderation, that all the Cities, by unanimous Confent, made S'*-"i)y- him their Gcneraliffimo againft the Carthaginians , and afterwards A.M. 3675. their King. Chap. XIII. Of the Naval JFars of the Komans, from their fir jl vigo- rous /ipplication to the Sea m the Jirft Punick IVar, to the Condufion of the fatd IV ar. TW E Romans having about this time reduced all Italy to their Obedience as far as the Strcights of Mejfana, there they ftopt a while, as Flortts exprcffes it, like a devouring Flame which has raged through a whole Foreft, till the Courie of a River falling through it, has a little flayed its Fury. Here having within their View a rich and flourifhing Ifland, which fceraed, as it were, cut off from Italy, they, fincc they could not join ic by Land, deter- mined to annex it to their Dominions by force of Arms; for at- tempting whereof, there offered a very fpecious Pretence; for juft at that time, the Mamcrtiucs, a People in the Northern Parts of the Ifland, who were befieged in Mejfana by Hieron, King of Si- cily, implored their Affiflance, and complained of the Carthagini- The Romans ans, their late Allies, who now joined with Hieron againfl them ; ^'^^'■'' ^J^'fir which People, as we have already obferved, afpired to the Dominion '" '"' ^' of this Ifland, as well as the Romans; and, indeed, the principal Motive 'in 1 2 o Naval Tranf actions lefore the Book II. Motive to this War was their exorbitant Power, they having not only iiihdvicd y^frica , but made themfclves Maftcrs of many Places in Sj^ain, together with Sardinia, and all the adjacent Iflands on the Coaft of Italy ; fo that the Romans had reafon to look on their Neighbourhood with an Eye of Jealoufy, being, as it were, now iurrounded by them. And knowing that they had Defigns on Italy it felf, they forefaw how formidable they would grow by the Ac- cefliou of all Sicily to their State, which, unlefs they interpofed to prevent it, by aJfifting the Mamertines^ they perceived would cer- tainly fall into their Hands : For fmce A'leffana would foon be theirs, Syracufe could not then be long able to withftand them, the Territory of which two Places contained a principal Part of the Ifland. Maturely confidering theie things, and that it would by no means be fafe for them to abandon thole of Meff'ana in this Jun- d;ure, and permit the Carthaginians to be Mafters of a Port which might prove, as it were, a Bridge to convey them into Italy, the The Romans Senate pafTed a Decree for War, which was confirmed by an Ordi- de dare War a- jjaucc of the Pcoplc : And Appiiis Claudius, one of the Conluls, thage *"" w^^ ordered to condudl an Army forthwith into Sicily to the Relief ^^^^ of Meffana. tvorU, 36S5. With a fmall Fleet confifting of Ships belonging to the Locrenfes, y<50 of Rome, Taventines and Neapolitans, (for the Romans had then none of ^ their own) he, with much danger and difficulty, pafled the Streights, , (i^iM. but fo fuccefsful he was, that he raifed the Siege oi Mejfana in a Ihort time, and after that defeated both Hieron and the Carthagi- T^e Romans fiiatis, in two fevcral Battels. Thefe Victories frightening Hieron defeat Hieron [^^q Obedience, he entered into a Treaty of Peace and Friendfliip ^haginians*' ^ith the Romans, who vigoroufly profecuting the War againft the Carthaginians, now ventured to Sea with a Fleet of their own, con- fifting of a hundred Gallies of five Tire of Oars, and twenty of three : Their wonderful Diligence and Succefs in building whereof, and their Method of inftrudtiug the People to ufe their Oars, we have related in the firft Book. After they had fufficiently exerciled themfelvcs afliore, in the manner there defcribed, they embarked on board the Fleer, and went out to put what they had Icarn'd in Practice, at which time Cains Cornelius, who was General at Sea, was abfent on an Expedition to Mejfana, with feventecn Ships under his Com- mand, to give Dire(3:ions for the Reception and Security of the Fleet ; during whofe Continuance there, an Occafion fccmed to pre- fent for the llirprizing oi Lipara, one of the /Holiau Illands, to which Place he therefore repaired with his Ships ; but Hannibal, who commanded the Carthaginian Fleet, then lying at '■Pauormus, (now Palermo) having Intelligence of his Dcfign, detached a ftroug Tfce Roman Squadron after him under the Command oi Boodes, who blocked f "/ Upara ^^"^ "P 'D ^^^ Harbour of Lipara^ and forced him to iurrendcr with *y Hannibal, all his Ships. Yet not long after this Adventure oi Cornelius, it wanted but little that Hannibal himfelf had been taken in the like Snare ; for receiving Advice that the Roman Fleet was at Sea, and cruifmg on the Coaft of Italy not far off, he, with fifty Gallies ftretched a-head of his Fleet, to view, and be himlclf a Wirnels of their Ch A p. XIII. DiJfohtt'w7i of the Rom. Emprc. 121 their Number and Pofturc ; but the Romans happening to be nearer than he was aware of, furprized him with their whole Fleet in Or- der of Battel, in which Rencounter he loft the greateft Part of his Hannibai'j Squadron, and cfcapcd narrowly himiblf, when every Body defpair- f'""-"""'^- cd of his Safety. The Romans after this made the beft of their way for Sicily^ and receiving Advice of the Defeat of Cornelms^ fent immediately for '■Duil'tus, who then had the Command of their Land- Forces in the IHand : But while they attended his comins, havini:; Intelligence that the Enemy's Fleet was at hand, they prepared to engage them. Their Veflels not being built with extraordinary Art, and they finding them to be fomewhat unwieldy in working, it came into their Thoughts to help this Defed; by fome Invention which might be of Ule to them in Fight : And then was deviled that Machine called the Corvns, which was framed after this manner : They ercdted on the Prow of their Gallies a round Piece of Timber Romans in- of about a Foot and a half Diameter, and near twelve Feet lone, en ^'"^ ''"^■"- theTop whereof they had a Block or Pully. About this Pierce of ^'canhTg!-' Timber they framed a Stage or Platform of Boards, four Feet bread, nian GaUiti. and about eighteen Feet long, which was well framed and faftened with Iron. The Entrance was longways, and moved about the fore- Taid upright piece of Timber, as on a Spindle, fo that it could be hoifted up wirhin fix Feet of the top ; and about this was a fort of Parapet Knee high, which was defended with upright Bars of Iron fliarpencd at the ends towards the top of each of which there was a Ring, by which Rings it was flung, and by help of the Pully hoifted and lower'd at Plcafure. With thcfe Machines they attacked the Enemy's Gallies Ibmetimes on their Bows, and fbmetimes on their Broadfidcs, as Occafion beft ferved ; and whenever they thus grappled, if they happened to llvnig Broadfide to Broadfidc, they entered from all Parts; but in caie they attacked them on the Bow, they entered two and two by the help of this Engine, the fore- moft defending the fore part, and thofe which followed the Flanks, keeping the Bofs of their Bucklers level with the top of the Pa- rapet. 'Duilius, leaving the Land Array to the Condud; of the Colonels, haftened aboard the Fleer, which he found waiting the Motions of the Enemy in this Pofture. Upon his Arrival, he received Advice that they ravaged the Country on the Coaft oi' Myla, (now Ale- lazzo) whereupon he made the beft of his way with the whole Fleet to encounter them. The Carthaginians greatly rejoiced when they dcfcried the Romans^ and with a hundred and thirty of their Ships ftood o(T to Sea towards them, whom they held in fb great r^eCarthagi- Conrempt, that, without any Order of Battel, they advanced with ^^l^com"b * their Prows diredly upon them, depending on certain Victory. Duiiius. The Carthaginian Fleet was commanded by Hannibal, whole own Gaily was of feven Tire of Oars, the fame which formerly be- longed to 'Tyrrhnsy King of Epirns ; but approaching nearer, they became greatly furprized at the Sight of the Roman Engines, and ftood fome time in Sufpence at the Novelty, having never before feen the like. Fiowevcr, the headmoft, by the Boldnels of their R Attack, 122 Naval TranfaBio7is hfore the Book II. Attack, made it appear how little they valued them : But the Ro- maus grappling with them by the Help of their Machines, entered with eafe, and came to fight hand to hand upon Deck, as on firm Ground. Some of the Carthaginians were flain, others yielded up- on Quarter, frighted at the extraordinary Effcd of this new and wonderful Invention, infomuch that they loft of thofe which came firft to engage, thirty Ships with their whole Companies, of which Number the Admiral-Gally was one, Hannibal himfelf making his Efcape in a fmall Boat, after having performed the Duty of a gallant and able Leader. At length the reft of rhe Fleet came up, but when they perceived the Defeat of their firft Squadron, they held it not lafe to tempt their Fortune too far, being not a little iur- prized at the Sight of thoic new Engines. However, having great- ly the Advantage in the Lightnefs of their Ships, they ulcd their beft Skill, by nimbly rowing round them, to attack them with nioft Safety : But when they oblerved that which way foevcr they ap- proach'd, thofe Machines were ftill traverfed, and oppofed to them, they were at length compelled to yield the Honour of the Day to the Romans, retiring with the Lofs of fifty of their Sliips, three thoulimd Men being flain, and (even thouiand taken Prilbners. Immediately here- upon the Romans landed their Forces in the Ifland, marched to the Egefta rc/iex-- Relief of £g^y?^2, which V/as ftraitly prefTed by the Enemy, which cdia^MicnV having raifed, they from thence, in a Breath, marched to the Attack the Romans, cf Macella, and took it by Aflaulr. Theie Succefles were fo uncxpcdled at Rome, that the Senate de- creed 'Dili/ills unufual Honours ; for, bcfidcs his obtaining the Glo- ry of the firft Naval Triumph, he was ever after attended from Sup- Honotin de- per with Mufick and Flambeaus, as if the Celebration of his Vido- creed toQ\xi- x\ts was to laft his whole Lifetime ; and a Pillar was alio creded to '"'■ him in the Forum, adorned with the Beaks of Ships, on the top whereof was placed his Statue. Hannibal, being thus defeated at Sea, returned with the Remainder of the Fleet to Carthage, and af- ter he was reinforced with more Ships and able Officers, he put to Sea for Sardinia, where he was no fooner arrived but he was fur- Hannibal /wr- prized in Harbour by the Romans, who took many of his Ships, ^dinh anl"u- ^hich Misfortunc begat a Mutiny in the Remainder of the Army, cified'. who feized on his Pcrlbu and crucified him. Lucius Cornelius Set- fiOf and C. Aquiinis Florus, being now Confuls, they, at the Head sacfj/j p/ //;« of a confiderable Fleet, forced x.\\q. Carthaginians to retire, and ra- omans, yaged the Iflands of Sardinia and Corfica, which were ftill in the Carthaginian Intercft. They took Albia, a Sea-Port of Sardinia^ where they celebrated very honourably the Funeral of Hanno, the Carthaginian Admiral, who was flain bravely fighting in the De- fence of that Place, and returning vidorioufly to Rome, they were alfo honoured with a Naval Triumph , after which they eredcd a Temple to the Gods which prefide over Tcmpefts, in Remembrance of their being delivered from a great Storm ofT of Corjica. The Romans, encouraged by the good Succefs they met with iu their firft Naval Battels, looking upon themfelves to be already Ma- tters of Sicily y relblved to carry the War into Africa, and attack the Enemy Chap. XIII. Diffbli/tion of the Rom. Empire. 123 Enemy at home, that fb they might find Employment in the De- fence and Prelcrvation of their own Country, while they were iol- licitous to contcft for the Maftcry oi Sicily. To this purpole they afrcmblcd a Fleet of three hundred and thirty Sail, with which re- pairing to Mejfaiia.) they left Orders for the Management of AlFairs there, and (landing along the Coaft oi Sicily, having doubled the Promontory of Tachinus, (now Cape "PaJfaroJ they Itretched away towards Ecnome, where their Land-Forces then were, in order to pals diredly over to Africa. The Carthaginians refolved to op- pole this Defign with their utmofl Power, and arriving with a Fleet of three hundred and fifty Sail o^ Her ac lea Mima., offered \.\\cRo- The Roraan mans Battel, who accepting ir, dilpoled their Fleet into four Divifi- "'"' Canha- ons. The two Confuls, M.Attilius Regnlus, ^nd L.Afanlins, were *,-f^J,f j^/ in the two Admiral Gallies in the Front of their difiindl Squadrons, satui. each of them juft a head of their own Divifions, and a-breafl: of the other, the firft Fleet being ported on the Right, and the iecond on the Lefr, making two long Files, or Lines of Battel : And whereas it was necefi^ary to give a due Space betw-een each Gaily to ply their inwhatman- Oars, and keep clear one of another, and to have their Heads or ""■ '''^ ^°' Prows looking fomewhat outwards, this manner of drawing up did drAny^Hf!^"' therefore naturally form an Angle, the Point whereof was at the two Admiral-Gallies, which were near together ; and as their two Lines were prolonged, {o the Diftance grew confequently wider and wider towards the Rear. In this manner were the firft and fecond Divifions difpofed. The third was drawn up Front-ways, in the Rear of the firft and fecond, and io ftretching along from Point to Point compoled a Triangle, whereof this third Line was the Bale. Their Vcffcls of Burthen, which carried their F^or(cs and Baggage, being placed in the Rear of thefe, were, by the Help of imall Boats, pro- vided for that purpofc, towed after them. In the Rear of all was the fourth Divifion, drawn up likewiie in Rank, or Frontways, pa- rallel to the third ; fb that the whole formed a Triangle, of which the Area was void, and the Bale contained what we have already mentioned. In this Figure were they dilpofed for all that could hap- pen, nor would it have been an ealy matter to have broken them ; and when the Carthaginians had oblcrved how they were drawn up, they then determined after what manner to form their Battel : Accord- ingly they difpos'd their Fleet into four Divifions, and drew it out no-v the Car- into one Ions File, that part of thcRiaht of this Line ftrctchin" a '''^smj^ns great way out mto the Sea, as if they intended to lurround the Buttei. Romans ; the fourth Divifion, which was the Left of the Line, keep- ing dole under the Shore, difpoled in form of a Forceps, or Pair of Pincers. Hanno was on the Right with the firft Divifion, having with him all the nimble and beft rowing Vefi^els of the Fleet, being fuch as were proper to attack and retreat, and for their Lightnels could row round the Romans. Amilcar was to have had the Com- mand of the Left Wing, but removed into the Centre, which con- fifted of the fecond and third Divifions, where he devifed a Strata- gem which fiiewed him an Officer of no fmall Experience. The Romans having obferved that the Carthagijiians, by fpreading their R z Fleet 1 24 Naval Tranfaclions lefore the Book II. The Fight be- Flccc to fo gfcat ati Extent, were by that means but thinly drawn mzns' anf^' "P' ^^^Y therefore attacked them in the middle of their Line; but Carthagini- the Carthaginians^ purfuant to the Orders they had received, im- ans. mediately retreated, with dcfign to feparate the Romans, and put them in difbrder by the purluit, who accordingly preffed on after them. The firft and fecond Divifions were thole which engaged in the Purfuit of the Carthagini an s^ who feigned to fly ; and thus the Roman Fleet became disjoined, the third Divifion remaining with the Baggage in a Tow, and the fourth keeping their Port in the Rear of all. Now when the Carthaginians judged the firft and fe- cond Divifions to be fufficiently diftanced from the reft, the Signal was given from Amilcafs Gaily, whereupon that Part of their Fleet which was chafed by ihz Romans immediately tacked, and made head againft them. The Battel now grew warm every where, and although the Carthaginians had the Advantage in the Lightnels and ready Working of their Gallics, whether it were to advance or re- treat, as Occafion required, which they performed with great Rea- dinefs and FaciHty, neverthelefs the Romans loft not their Aflurance of Succefs in the end, finding themfelves better Men when they come to the Sword's Point, and having great Truft in their Engines, wherewith they grappled and boarded the Enemy. Hajino, who commanded the Right of the Line, and was at a good Diftance from the Place where the Battel began, bore down, and attacked the fourth Divifion of the Romans^ where he fucceeded fo well, as to reduce them to the laft Extremity : Mean while, that Squadron of the Carthaginians which was ported on the Left under the Shore, ranged themfelves into a Front, and turning their Prows upon the Enemy, charged the third Divifion which had the Guard of the Bag- gage and Horle Ships ; whereupon the Romans carting off' the Ships they had in a Tow, received the Carthaginians^ and fought them Three Naval with great Bravcry. Now might be feen three Naval Battels fought ^r^mi,!'/^'' at one and the fame time in three feveral Places; but the Parties engaging being of equal Strength, it happened, as for the moft part it doth in the like Adventures, that Fortune gave theVidtory to that fide for whom flie firft began to declare ; fo that Ami/car, not be- ing able to (uftain the firft Shock of the Romans^ was beaten, and betook himfelf to flight ; Manlius towing away fuch of his Ships as he had taken. In the mean while Regulus perceiving the great Danger the fourth Divifion was in, and the Vefl"els which carried their Equipage, advanced to their Relief with the fecond Divifion, which remained yet entire ; whereupon the Romans^ in that fourth Divifion, now wcU-nigh vanquiflied, oblerving with what Bravery he attacked Hanno^ took heart, and renewed the Battel ; inlbmuch that he feeing himfelf afl^aultcd from all Quarters, both in Front and Rear, and that Regulus^ contrary to all Expectation, had thus come up and joined the Fleet, by which means he was in danger of being quite furrounded, yielded the Day to the Romans, and flying, got off to Sea. At the fame time Manlius., who was now returned from the Chace, obferving that the third Fleet of the Romans had been forced under the Shore by the Enemy's Left Wing, where they held Chap. XIII. Diffolutton oftheRom. Empire. 125 held them furrounded, came up to their Relief, and was leconded by Regiilus, who had now refcucd the fourth Di vifion and Baggage VelTels, and left them fafe. And indeed this Part of their Fleet was in great Danger, and had been loft e'er this, if the Carthaginians^ frighted at their new Engine, could have had Refolution to attack them, but they barely contented themfelves to force them on upon the Shore, and there to keep them befet, not daring to attempt or approach chcm, for fear of being grappled by their Corvi. In Ihort the Car- thaginians were quickly furrounded by the Romans, who routine The Cartha- them, took fifty of their Ships with their Equipage, very few, ei- g'niansrowf- ther of Soldiers or Seamen, efcaping. Such was the Succefs of thcle "^' three Battels fought in one Day, in all which the Romajis were Vidors. They loft but twenty four of their own Gallies, and thofe pcriihed againft the Shore ; but of the Carthaginians above thirty were deftroyed. On their Side not a Ship was taken, but of the Carthaginians fixty three. The Romans, after this Succefs, having firft repaired and equip- ped the Ships they had taken from the Enemy, and well refreihed their Army, fet Sail for Africk, and when the Van of their Fleet The Romans had gained the Promontory Hermaa (now Cape bona) they there /"'^MAhica. lay by, and attended the coming up of the reft of the Fleet, by which being joined, they ftood along the Coaft, till they came up with Clupea, where they made their Defcent, drawing up their Gal- lies in the Port, which they fecurcd with a Ditch and Pahlade, and laying Siege to the Town, made themfelves Mafters of it in a ftiort Romans r^« the Rrpub- gether with the Ifland of Corjica; whereupon cnfued diverie Battels ^'^^''^^*'"°'* with the Ligurians and Cor fie ans, together with fbme Sardinians, ^.^^^ "'" who joined with them, they having been all underhand Ibllicited to revolt by the Carthaginians, who were glad of any Opportunity to S find 1 3 o 'Naval TranfaEllons hfore the Book II. find Employment for the Romans^ and to weaken them by little and little, while they took Breach thcmfelves, and prepared tor another War ; but the Romans, neverrhelefs, defeating their Enemies in fc- veral Engagements, remain'd Mafters of both the Iflands, and the whole Coaft of Lignria. b Croatia, About this time died Agron^ King of ^ Illy}'icum, after having Dalmatia'"' niade Icveral Ufurpatious on his Neighbours, the Epirots and Gre- cians, which, his Widow, Tcjita, continued with the lame tyran- nical Dilpofition. She furprized Thcenicc, the dpiral o'i Epirusy with a Fleet, and permitted her Subjedis to rob and plunder all the Ships Tcuta,g«M» they met with on thofe Seas, by which Depredations they wholly »/iiiyncum, jpfcrrupted the Commerce oi Italy and Greece on that Side. The reduced b-^ the r • i • i i i -i ^^ i ■ i at i i Romans. Romaus, Wearied with the daily Complaints the ivlcrchants made to them, dilpatched AmbafTadors to Queen '7>//.''^, by whom they de- fired her to put an End to thofe inlupportablc Violences of her Sub- jects, but notwithftanding Hue condelcended to admit them to an Au- dience, flie treated them with great Pride and Dildain, and told them that though flie would take Care for the future that no publick Inju- ries ihould be done to the People of Rome by the lilyrians, yet was it net the Cuftom of Princes to forbid their Subjcdts to make their particular Profits of what they met with in the open Sea. The youngell: of the Roman AmbafladorJ, highly incenfcdhereat, reply'd, with lome Heat, that it being the Cuftom of the Romarjs, to make them- lelves publick Reparation for Injuries done in particular, and to yield Succour to thole who received them, they would tlierefore foon ule their Endeavours, with the Will of Heaven, to oblige her to change that Princely CuQom ; which Anfvver lb provoked her, that, with- out Regard to the Law of Nations, Ihebarbaroufly caufed him to be murthered; and, inftead of putting an End to th^je Violences, fitted out, early the following Spring, a coufiderablc Fleet againll the Gre- cians, which leparating into three Squadrons, at one and the fame c Corfu. time laid Siege to ' Corcjra, '^'Dyrrachtiim, ^nd^Ifa. cLiffa"^"" "^^^ Ronians, relblving to revenge this inhumane Ufage of their A.M. 37ii. Ambaflador, fet out a Fleet againft the llljrians of two hundred Sail, under the Command of Cn. Fulvins, one of the Coniuls, and lent over the other Conliil Tojlhitmius at the Head of an Army of twenty thoufand Foot, and two thoulimd Horle, which ftruck luch a Terrour into them, that, in few Days, IDemctrius of Tharia, who commanded, iurrcndered the Place to the Romavs, who pre- fently railed the Siege o'i'Djrrachium and J(fa ; and they having loon fSpinar7a;« ^^f^'' ^^^viCQi\^Aj^oUonia and Nutria, immediately thereupon all the Albania. Placcs the lUyrians polTcfTcd in Greece revolted to them, which they willingly received into their Friendlhip and Protedtion, and at- fifted them with forty Ships of War to Iccure them againrt the fu- ture Inlults of their Enemies. The Queen hereupon retired to a g Rifine \n ftrong Placc caUcd ^ Rbizon, and being now ibfficicutly humbled, Uairaatia. obtained Peace of the Romans on thcfe Conditions, " That Ihe ihould " pay a yearly Tribute, liich as the Senate Ihould think fit to im- " pofc; That ihe Ihould rclinquiih entirely her Incereilin i//)7vr7/w, " except Ibme few Places ; and that ihe ihould not n.ivigatc beyond " ^ Lifus Chap. XIV. Dijfoliition of the Rom. Empire, 131 " '' Lijpis with above two VcfT^ls, and thole to be unarmed." Thus ^ Aieffio in the Romans beinsfalFeady Maflcrs oflfa/y, and the Iflands between 'V'^^'^' "' / 1 1 ^x- • I 1 I ■ ><^ n 1 ■ 1 r^ ''•"■ Bottom of that and Africa^ began to extend their Lonquelts to this other Part the Goitb del oi Europe^ taking Care to keep a good Undcrftanding with the Gre- i^"""- clans, to whom, upon this Occafion, they icnt an AmbafTy, to ac- quaint them with the Motives which induced them to undertake this War againfl: the Illyrians, left otherwife they ihould take umbrage thereat; whereupon eniUed a Treaty of Friendfliip and AUijnce be- a Treaty be tween them, and the Conful Fulviusy at his Return to Rome, was «''"»'^eKo- honoured with a Naval Triumph. Gr\"cia'ns. About this time the IJlri, a People between Italy and lllyr'tcnm, at the Bottom of the Adriatick, pracStifed Piracy on that Sea, and having feized and plundered feveral Ships bound with Corn to Rome, a Fleet was fcnt againft them, whereby they were fubdued, but not -^f Romans without confidcrable Lofs ; and ^uh. Cornel'iiis Scipio, one of the /«Ww the Confuls, who commanded on the Expedition, had the Honour of a '""■ maritime Triumph. After the Romans had reduced all lllyrtciim, they committed the Government thereof to 'Demetrius of "Tharia, in Confidcration of icveral ereat Services he had render'd them during; the Continuance of the War ; but he finding them taken up with a Quarrel againft the Gauls, and that Hannibal was cutting out Work tor them in Spain, by the Siege of Sagmitm, put to Sea, with a Fleet of fifty Ships of Demetrius «/ War, ravaged the 1 Hands Cyc lades, fet himfelf up for King oi Illy- '/„').'"* Z"!-,? ricum, and having put to Death thofe whom he iblpedted to be in ly'icum." the Roman Intercft, placed Garriibns in all the fortified Towns, par- ticularly iccuring 'Dimalnm, the Place of grcateft Importance in the Country, and ilnit hiraleif up with fix thoufand of the choiccft of his Troops in ' Charia, fituate in an Ifland of the iame Name. The '-^"*' Romans, to reduce this Traytor, lent over leveral Armies, but were ijiand m the not able to bring the War to a Conclufion, till the ConlLilihip ofZ,/- '^."^/'^ "/Ve- 'vius Salinator, who pafllng over with an Army, attacked ©/'»;«////» "^r/clwW/ct fo vigoroufly, that it I'urrender'd in feven Days; which ftruck fuch a c/Rasufa. Terrour through all Illyricum, that the greateft Pate of the Coun- try returned to its Obedience, and fubmitted to the Roman Conlul, who then re-imbarking his Troops, failed toward Tharia, wherein 'Demetrius was; and arriving with his Array by Night on theCoaft, he landed moft of his Troops, directing them to conceal thcmfelves in the Woods and hollow Ways, and, by Break of Day, he made Sail towards the next Port with twenty Gallies only, and came in Sight of the Town. Demetrim oblbrving, and contemning their Number, marched out with Part of the Garrifon to oppoie their land- ing, and thereupon the Battel began, which was fought with great Obftinacy, Supplies of Men being conftantly fent from the Town to liaftain their Fellows, infomuch that by Degrees all the Garrifon marched out. Mean while the Romans advanced who had landed by Night, covering themfelves in their March in the beft Manner they could, and having gained an Eminence between the Town and the Port, they cut offthe Enemy's Retreat. Upon this the reft of the Demetrius Gallics comiDgup,'Z)£'W^rr;i^'sTroops wereprciently put to FIight,and i/'^'Ronuns. S X he " Leiina a and 'k 132 Naval Tranf actions hfore the Book II. he hirafelf getting on board fomcVelTels he had placed in a neigh- bouring Creek to ferve him in fuch an Exigence, made hi& Elcape into Macedonia. The Conful prefently poflcded himldf of the Town, which he demoHihed ; and having fettled the Affairs oi' the Kingdom, returned to Rome, where he obtained a magniikcnt Tri- umph, and acquired the Reputation of a wife and gallant Leader. rhe fecond While the famous Hannibal, at the Head of fifteen thouland Foot, ¥Mn\<±war. ^^^ twenty thoufand Horfe, forced his way through the Tyrcnaan A. M. 3731. Mountains, and x!^zAlps, reputed till then impafTable, and defend- ing into Italy, filled that Country with Terror and Amazement, the Carthaginians thought they could never have a fairer Opportunity The Carthaei- ^o attempt the Recovery of Sicily. To this purpofe they firft fitted nians mum'^t out a Squadron of twenty Gallics to cruife about the Ifland, and to recover Si- plunder the Coafls, which in crofTing over met with a furious Storm ^' ^' that drove them on the Shore, where they fell into the Hands of King Hieron; who undcrftanding by the Prifoncrs that they were luddcnly to be followed by another Squadron of thirty five Sail, which were to endeavour to furprize Lilybaum, and prevail with the old Allies of the Carthaginians to revolt from ihtRomanSy and declare for them, he advertifed the Roman Praetor thereof, and hav- ing well provided for the Defence of Lilybaum, received with great Bravery the Carthaginians, they fighting but carelelly, as thinking The Romans thcoifelves fccutc of Victory, infomuch thar, at the firll Charge, he teat the Cii- fook fcven Gallics, with feventeen hundred Men on board, and put r)«f""*" the reft to flight. The Conful Sempronins arriving foon after, he aniLtcMi- d^i^ely fecured that Ifland, and pofTcfTed hirafelf alio of the Town letus from and Ifland of '' Melita, which had hitherto been in the Hands of the k^iu'i Carthaginians. The ncxtY tzx jlfdrubal, the Carthaginian General in Spain, not thinking himfelf able to cope with Scipio, who commanded there for the Romans, pafTed over to Africk, and made great Levies of Troops, with which, and forty Ships of War, he fbon after return- ed to Spain, refolving utterly to expel the Romans thence : when Scipio, finding himlelf inferior to them by Land, embarked his choiceft Troops on board his Ships, with which failing to the Mouth ' RiwrEbro. of the ^ Iber, he furprized the Carthaginian Fleet, taking five and Scipio heats twenty Sail , and forcing the reft to fecure themfelves by flight ; Afdrubai at a,-,(j j^cn disbarking his Troops, he made himfelf Mafter of all that n^nTtiomre- Coaft, and attacked, and carried the Town of "" Honofca. March- •voit. ing on to " Carthago Nova, he burnt the Suburbs of that Place, /' w"^^"/ 'r laid wafte all the neighbouring Country, and made himfelf fo for- te Viiiajoyfa -III 1 1 W , , ,-/T- Vt ■ 11 1 fiea' Alicante, midablc, that above a hundred different Nations revolted to him from n Cuthagena. the Carthaginians ; nor was it long e'er the ° Baleares Iflands fub- hh^oxci^and D^itted to him ; all which, what by his Addrefs and obliging Beha- Yvi^a, ' viour to the Spaniards, (to whom he reftored their Children which Afdrubai had kept as Hoftages) and what by means of a Reinforce- ment of thirty Gallies, and eight thoufand Men fent from Rome, he entirely fecured in the Roman Intereft ; and at the fame time C«. Servilius Geminus, who had the Government of Sicily, with the other Iflands neighbouring to Italy, kept in awe the Coafts oi Sar- dinia Chap. XIV. DJ[folittio7i oftheRom. E^npirc. 1 3 3 d'tnia and Cor/ica., raking Hoftages for their Fidelity. Faffing over to Africk, he made a Defcenr, and ravaging the open Country, got a great Booty : But divers of his Men advancing in Dilbrder too far, fell into Ambufcades, by which he loft about a thouland. Hav- ing punilhed fome of his Officers for Ncgledl of Duty in this Affair, he reimbarked his Troops, and returned to Sicily : and not long af- ter Sardinia revoking, T. Manims was fenc over thither, where The ir.habi- landing his whole Force, as well Seamen as Soldiers, he came to a '["^-^^ "nwU- Battel with the Iflanders, whom he defeated, and took thirteen wg^' are over- thouland of them ; nor was it long e'er he overthrew twelve thou- """ h the fand Carthagiiiiaus, who were fcnt to aid them, of which above "j]^^//!' three thoufand became his Piilbners, among whom v^Qxe Afdrubal t^e Canhagi- the General, with Hauno and Mago, the next principal Officers. "'^"^• By this good Succefs Sardinia was entirely liibjedtcd to the Roman Yoke, as was now almoft all Spain, by the Vidtories which the two Sctpid's obtained over ^nox\\Qr A fdrubal, the Brother oi Hannibal, who was at the fame time laying //^/y waftc. As Sicily was the original Occafion of thefe Wars, the Carthagi- nians, who had gained a great Vidtory at Canna, refolved again to attempt the Conqucfl: of that Ifland, while the vanqiiiflied Ro- mans fliould, rhcy hoped, find enough to do to defend the Walls of their City. To this purpofe they equipped at the fame time two r^eCaithagi- Fleets, one of which attacked the Territories oiHieron, who had "'^"^ '""'"^' continued a faithful Ally to the Romans ever fmce his firft Treaty ciiy. with them. Gelon, the Son of this Prince, revolted from his Fa- ther, and declared for the Carthaginians, ; but his Trealbn and Im- piety were foon puniflied with Death. The other Fleet repaired to Lilybaum, where landing the Troops, they made a great Progrefs in thofc Parts, having brought over to their Intcrcft the common People ; and while thefe things were doing Hicron died, being in Hieron dhs, the ninetieth Year of his Age, leaving Hieronymus, the Son of Ge- mts^r"°"J^ Ion, to fucceed him in the Throne ; for whom, becaufe he was but Wm, fifteen Years old, he had appointed twelve Perlbns to adminifter Affairs, till he ihould come to Years of Difcrction. One of thefe, to ingratiate hirafelf with the young King, reprefonted to him that at that Age it was not fit for a Prmce to be under Tuition, where- upon he dilcarded the reft of his Guardians, retaining this Pcrfon as his firft Minifter ; but following the Steps of his Father Gelon, he preferred the Fricndlhip and Alliance of the Carthaginians to that of the Romans, and concluded a Treaty with them, that, after they had expelled the common Enemy out of the Ifland, the River Hi- mera, which almoft equally divides Sicily in two Parts, fliould be the Boundary of their refpedtive Territories ; but by his imprudent Adminiftration, and his abandoning himfelf to his Pleafures, he Ibcn alienated the Minds of his Subjedls from him, and was fliortly after Hieronymus aflaffinated at Leontium. ajfajpnand. The People of Syracufe thcmfelvcs had all along been in the Ro- man Intcreft, but at length, by the Artifices oi Hippocrates and£- picides, being brought over to the Carthaginian Party, they drew upon themfclves the Refcntments of the Romans, who fent Mar- celhts 134 Naval Tranf anions hefore the Book II. MarceUus fent to bejiege Syracufe. Archimedes "uery much annoys the Romans. The Siege turned into a Blockade. Appius takes Pelorus, Her- befus, c/c. p Gergenti. Bomilcar re- turns to Car- thage. Marcel]us makes a gene- ral Ajfault. cellus to beficgc them by Sea and Laud with a Fleet of fixty five Gallies, and a confiderable Land Army. This City continued long impregnable, by means of the wondcrftil Machines which Archi- medes., the great Mathematician, invented for the Defence of the Place, with fome of which he threw Stones of a prodigious Weight upon the Roman Ships, with fuch Exadtneis, that they feldom or never mifled doing terrible Execution ; and with other Machines, and from Loop-holes in the Walls, which he invented on this Oc- cafion, he difcharged whole Showers of Arrows at a rime on the GalUes. Bat the moft admirable Engine of all was one he made of an immenlc Magnitude, fomewhat after the manner of a Swipe, or Draw-Bridge, which alio threw out great Beams of Timber, and large Stones, and having firft clear'd the Prows of the Gallies, the Men retiring all aflern to avoid the Deftrudion they made, imme- diately thereupon the Peribu who managed the Machine let fall a large grapphng Iron, faftened to a ftrong Chain, with which fcizing the Prow of the Vcflel, he let down the Counter poife of the Ma- chine, (which was balanced, as we have faid, after the manner of a Swipe) and fo railed the VefTel upright on her Poop in the Air, when by means of a certain Pully and Rope, difengaging the grap- pling Iron, down fell the Gaily, which violently plunged in the Waves. After this manner were ieveral of the Ro?nau VelTels funk ; fo that Marcellm delpairing of reducing the Place by Force, re- fblvcd to do it by Famine, and to that purpofe turned the Siege into a dole Blockade, both by Sea and Land. Leaving Jppius to command there, he himlelf advanced with a third Part of the.Troops, and took in Telorus and Herbejiis, plundered Megara^ and cut to pieces a great Number oi Syr acu fans., who had found means to elcape out of the City in order to join the Carthaginians under Himilco : Who having landed near Heraclea with fifteen thouland Foot, three thoufand Horfe, and twelve Elephants, feized that Place, as pre- fently after he did '^ Agrigenttim., and caufing feveral Cities to revolt from the Romans., he threw a Supply of Provifions into Syracufe, to which Place MarceUus returning, he found xhcxQ Bomilcar ^ the Carthaginian Admiral, with a Fleet of fifty five Gallies, who up- on Advice that the Roman Fleet was advancing againft him, and that it confifted of double his Strength, ftayed not for better Intelligence, but made the befl of his way back to Carthage. Now was at hand the Celebration of the Feaft of 'Diana., oa which Feftival MarceUus, as he was viewing the Works on an E- minencc whence he could look into the Town, (aw the People within crowned with Garlands, and revelling in Mirth and Wine ; whereupon he relblvcd to make a general Aflault the enfuing Night, and accordingly poflcfled himfelf of that part of the Town called Epipola, which being feated on a Hill, overlooked all the reft of the City, and offering to the Soldiers, as a Reward to their Valour, the Plunder ofTycha znd NeapoUs, two other Divifions of the Place lying next to that they had taken Poft in, they immediately attacked and carried them alio ; fo that there now remained only t\iQ Ac hradina, an Illand in the Enemy's Hands, the latter of which being Chap XIV. Diffohit'wnofthc'^oi'n. Empire. 13 5 being gained in few Days by Intelligence from within, Achradina prekncly Currcndercd , and thus, after three Year's Siege, was the syracufe /4- City of Syr ac life taken. This long Defence of it was chiefly owing, '■"'• as we have laid, lo Archimedes .^ lor whom, ncverthclcls, Marccllus A.M. 3736. entertained fo great an Efteem, that he gave the ftridlefl: Orders for {paring his Perlon. Bat when the Place was taken, a Soldier com- ing in to plunder his Houle, and asking him haftily who he was, his Application was io inrenle on forae Geometrical Figures he had drawn on the Ground, that he did not anfwer him to the purpofe, but with great EarneltneCs begged him to (land out of the way, and not deface the Figures, whereupon the Soldier, eager to Fecurc his Plunder, immediately kill'd him, to the great Grief of Alarcellus, who very honourably interr'd him, and bcftow'd fingular Favours on his Relations. We ihould be wanting to the Subjeir»en- length, and in breadth fifty fcven : Its height from the Keel to xhc'shils "{/pZ' Bulk-head of thp Forecaftle was fcventy two Feet, and to the l\)op '^'ly Phiio^ Lanthorn feventy nine and a half When the King made an Expe- y^l'^!'/'"* "^ riment of her Sailing, Ihe carried above four thOuland Rower?, four hundred Seamen, and two rhoufand eight hundred and fifty- marine Soldiers, befides a great Number of other People between 'Decks, with a vaft Quantity of Provifions. The other was a Ship he built T to 138 Naval Traiif anions hfore the Book II. to take his Pleafure in on the Nile, which was three hundred Feet in length, and forty five in breadth, and the height of the Stern was fifty eight Feet and a half She was of a Built different both from a Gaily and a Ship of Burthen, being peculiarly formed for the River, with a broad flat bottom, and was furniflicd with feveral fine Apartments and beautiful Ornaments luitable to the Magnificence of the j^gyptian Kings ; for a more particular Dcfcription where- of, I refer the curious Reader to the foremcntioned Author, and re- turn to the Profecution of the Roman Story. ^'^''y '^'^^- Syracufe being taken, in the manner we have related, all other mznProvince. Citics of Sic'ily prcfcntly furrcnder'd to the Romans, and the whole Ifland was now reduced into the Form of a Province ; when Mar- cellus returning to Rome, he celebrated both a Triumph and an O- vation, the firll for his Victories obtained over the Carthaginians, and expelling them out oi Sicily, the latter for having brought that Ifland to Obedience. After the fatal Battel at Canna, wherein the Romans received (b Philip 0/ Ma- entire a Defeat, and loft feventy thoufand Men, Tbilip, King of ^^o\ Tr^" Macedon, hoping to take Advantage of their Misfortune, entered ■with Hanni- mto a Treaty of Alliance with Hannibal, engaging to aflift him with •>*'• his whole Force to conquer Italy. His Ambafladors who were fent on this Errand happened to be intercepted by a Squadron of Roman Ships which were cruifing on the Coaft of Calabria ; and M. ValeriHi^ who was Admiral and Commander in chief of the Fleet, made fuch a good Difpofition thereof in all Parts, that the Macedonian could not bring his Defigns to take effcd:. For altho* Philip, in Execution of his Treaty, did put to Sea with a Fleet of three hundred Sail of fmall Ships, and Tranfports with Troops on Philip forced board, he advanced no farther than Apollonia^ into which Place the /o retire from Roman Ptsctor haviug thrown a timely Reinforcement of Men, the Inhabitants made fb iuccelsful a Sally on the Macedonians who lay before the Place, that they forced them to retire with the utmoft Precipitation ; the King himfelf, who with much Difficulty efcapcd, making the bcft of his way toMacedonia byLand, having firft fet fire to The Romans all his Ships. The Romans, to prevent any more Difturbance from ""ce' w" f^h ^^^^ Quarter, and to find himDiverfion at home, made an Alliance vEtoiians, with thc ^tolians jointly to carry on the War againft him ; to <""< which Purpofe the Conful Lavinus repairing with a Fleet to Cor- thu'? o~7" O''^"'^* failed thence and reduced the Ifland ' Zacyntbiis, and taking ' Zante. alfo OEnias and Naxus from the Acarnanians, Thilip's Allies, fe- quefler'd them in the Hands of the jEtolians. This War was very fucccisful in the Beginning, but the Romans abating by degrees in Fhihp and the the vigorous Prolecution thereof, 'Philip and the /Etolians made a /Etohans feparate Peace, nor could all thc Endeavours of the Proconliil 7k. rate Peace; ditanus, who arrived prefently after with a Fleet of thirty five Gal- at lies, make it void : But Thtlip fbon after fignifying his Defircs to Phiiip/oan 4/- come to an Accommodation with the Romans, at length, by the ter did -with Mediation of the Epirotes, a Treaty of Peace was concluded be- th, Romans, j^^g^ ^jj^^j ^^ Thwntce. While Chap. XV. Diffolution of the Rom. Empire, 13^ While Alarceilus, after he had gained the Battel at ^ Numifiritm^ ^ Nicaftro /» was driving Hannibal from Place to Place, the Carthaginians left caia'bda!"^ no Stone unturned in order to make thcmlclves Mailers of the Ci- tadel of Tarentum, having already polTeflcd themielves of the Tow n ; but Livitts, who held that Fortrcfs for the Romans., was in no pain for any thing they could do, provided he were but iupplicd with Pro- vifions. This both Parties knew, and were equally diligent the one to perform, and the other to prevent; lo that both their Fleets happening to meet, which were pretty equal in Strength, they en- gaged with llich Fury, that preiently coming Broadfide to Broadfide, ^ sea-vkht the Men fought Hand to Hand as if they had been on lliore. The ^Zl^^'tli two Admiral Gallies happened to fall together, in one of which was Canhagim- ^tintms the Roman Admiral, and in the other Nicon, a Tarentine., ^"^■ who commanded for the Carthaginians. Thele maintained the Fight with incredible Fury on both fides, but at length '^nintitis be- ing flain h^ i^icouy as he was exhorting his People bravely to do their Duty, the Roman Courage began thereupon to droop ; where- as, on the other hand, t!ie Carthaginians, encouraged by that Suc- cefs, renewed the Charge vvirh fuch Fury, that they took, funk, or The Roman drew alhore almoft all the Rofnan Gallies. The Ships laden with ^'"' defiro'^- Provifions for the Garrifon ^t'Tarentum, hovering in tlic mean time ' " at a Diftancc, and feeing the Day loft, timely fecured therafelves by getting bif to Sea, and eicaped into the neareft Ports they could make which were in the Hands of the Romans : And Livius, the Governor of Tarentum, loon after retaliated the Lofs of the Ro- man Gallies on the Befiegers. About the fame time M. Valerius Meffala, another Roman Ad- Tbt Romans miral, with a Fleet of fifty Gallies, made a Defccnt in Africk, not 'T^^^^^J^^' far from 'Vtica, and marching up into the Country without RefuT:- tnca. ance, brought aboard a vafl: Booty, with a great Number of Pri- foners, who informing him that the Enemy had alTcmblcd a very numerous Army to be tranfported into Spain., and thence to pals into Italy, he dilpatchcd Advice thereof to the Senate, and took luch prudent jMealurcs as utterly defeated the Enemy's Defigns. Claudius Nero, the Pro Praetor, who had been juft belore fent to Spain with twelve thoufand Foot and a thoufand Horle, embark- ed on board fifty Gallies of five Tire of Oars, and having landed the Troops, he inverted '^ New-Carthage on the Land-fide, and, with ' Carthagcna. the AfTiftance of the Fleet, prefcntly made himlelf Mafter of the The Rorrans Place by Storm, wherein he found fuch a vaft Booty as enriched the ^a^'^^'^ whole Army : And in the Harbour were taken no lefs than a hun- dred and fourteen Merchant- Shins, with all their Cargoes. There was a great Contention between two private Men, one a Soldier, the o- ther a Seaman, for the Reward of a mural Crown, each alledging he a Contenthn had firft Icalcd the Wall, infomuch that the Decifion thereof was ^f"'«" """ brought bclbre Scipio, who contented both, by allowing that each f''^"" of them mounted the Wall at the fame time, and bellowed both on the one and the other a mural Crown, (the Recompence among the Romans for fuch Services) which was a Circle of GoW, with lome- T 1 thinq 1 40 Naval TranfaBions hefore the Book II. . « — — ■ — thing of a Refemblance of the Battelments of the ancient Walls fee round it, of the fame Metal. A fecond Not long after M. Valerius failed over again to Africa with a hun- r)t[cent in dred Gallics, and landing near " Clnpea^ plundered all the adjacent ^^cTait Gal- Country ; when eighty three belonging to Carthage appearing on the lipa. Coaft?, he got his People on board with all Diligence, and charged rifCarthagi- them with fuch Fury, that he rook eighteen, funk. Icveral, the reft, mans htatcn ^vjfh difficulty, cfcaping the fime Fate. Next Year Laz-inus the "' '''"' Pro conful. Admiral of the Roman Fleet, making a Dclcent in the LjTvinus ra- Territory ofUticay ravaged the open Country up to the Gates of "cr^^iry a- ^hat City, and having advanced almoft to Carthage, returned v\6to- bout Utica, rioufly on board with his Spoils. In his way home he fell in with and feventy Carthaginian Gallics, and engaging them, lunk four, took beats theCix- fevcnteen, and put the reft to flight ; when going on to Lilyhaum, thagmians at j^g repaired from thence to Rome with a great Convoy of Corn, without lb much as meeting with one Ship of the Enemy's in his Paflage. Young Scipio, the Son of Tublius Scipio, who was killed in Spain, being now made Conful, was wholly bent on carrying the the War mioAfrick ; but it was with Difficulty the Senate came in- to this, nor did they allow him more than thirty VefTels of War for his Expedition. However, he asked leave to raife Volunteers, and receive what Contributions he could procure toward fitting out a Fleet fuitable to hisProjed:; which being granted, moft of the young roung Scipio Gentlemen of Rome dilpofed themfelves to follow his Fortunes ; and ^hitici ^"^ ^^^ Roman Allies furnilhiug him with Seamen, Sails, Cordage, and Provifions, and being permitted to fell Timber in the publick Fo- refts, he ufed fuch wonderful Difpatch, that in five and forty Days after they were taken in hand, his Ships were compleatly built, rig- ged, and in Condition for Sca-Scrvice. The News of thcle Prepa- rations very much alarmed the Carthaginians , who were already fenfibly afflicted for the Lofs of eighty Ships, laden with Corn and other Provifions, going to Hannibal to enable him to carry on the War in Italy, which were all taken by C O^iavius off oi Sardinia. Scipio made J'/a/y the chief Seat of his Preparations, from whence when he was almoft ready to proceed, he detached Lalius with the old Fleet of thirty Sail over to the Coaft o{ Africa to learn the Po- fture of the Enemy, upon whole Return he made fail from Lily- batim with his whole Force, confifting of anArmy of five and thirty thoufand Men, and a Fleet of fifty two Gallies, four hundred Ships of Burthen, and many other VefTels of different forts. Paffing over " Cape Bona, in Safety, he landed his Troops at the ' Fair-Tromontory in very good order, andatthefirft Appearance of his Fleet the People on the Coaft were fo difmaycd, that they all retired up into the Country ; 'thtcif- n^y at Carthage itfelf the Alarm was fo great, that the Gates were thaginian ffiut, and the Citizens mounted the Ramparts. As loon as they ^<"/'- ^vcre a little recovered from their Surprize, they lent out five hun- dred Horfe to view the Enemy, againft which Scipio detached a Party of his Cavalry which cut them to pieces ; and then giving Lalius He lands in Africa, and teats Ch AP.XI V. Diffolution of the Rom. Efjipire. 141 Ltelius Orders to repair wirh the Fleet x.o'Vtica^ he advanced thither himlclf with the Army, where he was joined by Maffanijfa ^\\\%o'i jdntdbyKing Nuniidia, whom Syphax had dilpofTefled of that Kingdom. Maffam'ira. The Carthaginians^ being joined by Sypbax, had by this time increafcd their Forces to eighty thoulaud Foot, and thirteen thou- fand Horfe, upon Advice of which Scipto not only made a Shew as if he were diipoled to hearken to the CciTation of Arms which the Enemy had propofcd, but entered on a Treaty for that Purpofe, lending vvich his CommifTioncrs Ibme of his ableft Soldiers, in the Hibit of Slaves, to view the Camp. HisCuriofity being thus iatis- fieJ, he broke off the Treaty, and luddcnly fet Fire to their Coverings of Mats, Rccds, dry Boughs, and the like ; which they not lufpcdl- ing, but thinking it came by Accident, were cut in pieces in the Hannibal ;>- midfl: of the Hurry, and Confufion, to the Number of forty thou- '^^'''^""'^^ ""'^ land Men, and fix thoufand were taken Prilbners. This News co- CanhaVe". ming to Carthage, they immediately dilpatched Orders to Hamii- bal to abandon all his Projed:s in Italy, and repair to the Relief of his native Country ; and getting together another Army, they join- ed Battel again with Scipto, but loft ten thouland Men, and failed in S ipio beat: their Dcfign of raifing the Siege oi IJtica. Indeed Scipio advan- '^'Canhagi- cing with Part of his Troops to take Poflcflion of '" Times, the wTunis. Carthaginians fcized fix of his Gallies; and foon after they raifed a third Army as numerous as either of the former, but that was de- feated by Lalim and Majfanijfa, while Scipio lay before Vtica. In The Cartha- this Battel Syphax being, taken, he was feut Prifoner to Rome, and siniansi^^/^a foon after the Carthaginians obtained a Sufpenfion of Arms, in or- '^ '^"'^ """' der to a Treaty of Peace ; but a Fleet of thirty Gallies, and two hundred Ships of Burthen, that were coming to j^frick under C. 05ia- njins, and were Icparated by a Storm, being plundered by the Car- thaginians, and they having alio ill ui'cd the Ambaffadour, Scipio fentto complain of this Proceeding, and thefe Conferences were loon -rbe Treaty of broken off. Peace broken The Government o^ Africk being continued in Scipio, in quality °"' of Proconful, he had the Honour, not long after, of defeating Han- nibal himfelf in an obftinate and bloody Battel, wherein the Cartha- Scipio beatf ginians had twenty thouland Men ilain, and as many taken Prifo- Ivfnca''^'"' ners, whereupon //<3//«i^^/ perliiaded his Countrymen to beg Peace; and Ambafladors being immediately dilpatched to Rome for that pur- pofe, the People empowered Scipio and ten others to conclude the fame, which was at lafl agreed to upon thefe Articles; " Firft, that the -Articles of " Carthaginians Ihould enjoy all their Territories in Africk, but f/rRomans" " that the Romans Hiould hold Spain, with all the Iflands of the and Cattha- " Mediterranean. Secondly, that all Rebels and Deferters fhould gin'»"s. " be delivered up to the 7?■■*' ["^'y Philip oi MacedoH prefcnted them with an Occafion of a more glo- o/s^ande- * rious Triumph, whofe Son, ''Ttrfens, fuccceding, relblved to break, f'^on- with the Senate, and apply'd himlclf wholly to the raifing Forces, pt'[!['""i"'' and procuring other Neceflaries for a War. Never were greater ap- o/.\hcedon7 pearances in the Field than on both fides, mod of the confiderable ''"'^ Princes of the World being engaged in the Quarrel ; But Fortune dill declaring for the Remans, the greateft Part of 'Rerfens'% prodi- gious Array was cut off' by the Conful 'Paulus ^mylius, and the 'he Redamon King obliged to lurrcnder himlclf into the Hands of the Conqueror, "f '^■'" ^'"i- The Conliil having fettled Macedonia as a Roman Province, and dif- 'm^nProvh^i. mantled Ibme Cities oi Efirus, embarked on board a Ship that be- A. M. 3781. longed to Terfcus, of an extraordinary Magnitude, having no lels than fixteen Tire of Oars, with which, loaden with the Spoils of Macedoniay he put to Sea, and in few Days arrived at Rome, where he was received with the greateft Demonftrations of Joy, and cele- brated a fplendid Triumph, wherein TerfeuSy and the Princes his Children, walked in Chains before his Chariot. But Rome could not think her felf fecure, amidft all thefe Con^ The thnd?^- quefts, while her old Rival Carthage was yet (landing; fo that a Pre- nici< ^var. tence was loon found to begin the third Carthagiman War, which was their being in Arms againft Majfaniffa, an Ally oiihc Romafs, though they had therein liifficient Juftice on their fide : And War be- ing accordingly proclaimed, both the Conluls were lent with a full Refolution utterly to deftroy the City. The Carthaginians affright- , ed at the Romans Preparations, immediately condemned thofe that fan ^o"ayir'y had broken the League, and moft humbly offered any rcaibnable Sa- Carthage. tisfadlion; but Anlwer was returned them that they iiiould enjoy all as formerly, provided they fent three hundred Hoflages of the chief of the City within thirty Days to Sictly, and complied with what the Confuls fhould further command them. They dcfiring no- thing more than Peace, fent their Children as Hoflages within the limited time ; and the Confuls landing at Utica loon after, they dil- patched Commiflloners to wait on them, and know their Plcafure. Cenforinus commended their Diligence, but demanded all their Arms, which, without any Fraud, were delivered up; and now thele un- happy People imploring Mercy, with many Tears, and all humble Submiffion, dcfired to know their laft Doom. The Conluls told them they muft quit their City, for that they had Ipccial Orders to level it with the Ground, but that they might build another any where within their own Territories, fo that it were not within ten Miles of the Sea, which feverc Command they received with all the ' Concera 1 44. Naval Traiifachons hefore the Book II. mans enra- ged at the De- mands of the Romans. T^eCarthagi- Concern and Rage of a defpairing People, and refblved rather to a- bidc the utmoft Extremities than abandon, or yield to the Ruin of their ancient Seat and Habitation. The Confuls were very backward in opening the War, as not doubting but to make themlclves eafily Matters of the Ciry, now in this naked and dcfcncclcls Condition; but they found themfelves mightily dilappointed ; for the Inhabitants, animated with a Spirit of Rage and Fury, prepared for the mod obftinate Refiftancc, both Men and Women working Day and Night in making of Arms. Where Iron andBrafs were wanting they made ufe of Gold and Silver; and the Women parted with their Hair to liipply the want of Tow or Flax. They made Afdrubal their General, who had already in the Field a good Army, and when the Confuls opened the Siege, they met with liich notable Refiftance as greatly difcouraged them, and increafed the Relolution of the Befieged. Martins commanded the Fleer, and Manlius the Land Forces that were employed before the Place. The Carthaginians., in a vigorous Sally, were near making themfelves Mailers of Manlius\ Camp, but were at length rcpulfed by the fmgular Courage and Bravery of Scipw^ the Grandlon, by Adoption, of him that conquered Hannibal, who was then only a Tribune in the Army. As Martins\ Fleet lay at Anchor off the Mcfi Part of Town, the Befieged filled a number of Boats with Faggots, and o- *%f}all ^^^^ combuftible Stuff, and when the Land Breeze came up, fet them on Fire, and fent them among the Roman Ships, molt part oi which they deftroyed. The following Year Calpnrnius 'Pifo was lent to command the Land Forces, and L. Mancinus at Sea, who endeavouring to take in Hippargetes, a Town between Carthage and 1)tica, was twice de- feated, and forced to retire to ^tica ; which News the Romans re- ceived with great Coriccrn, and the before named Scipio, then pe- titioning for the Office of iEdile was chofen Conful, tho' under Age, and had the War of Africa committed to him. He, arriving at 'V- tica, received the Charge of the Fleet from L. Mancinus, whom he lent back to Rome^ and finding it impofllble to reduce Carthage but by Famine, he made ftrong Lines of Circumvallation and l«"ciniiagc Contravallarion on the Land fide to cut off its Communication that by famine, yvay, and the Harbour being on the weft fide of the City, which was fituate on a Neck of Land jutting into the Sea, he relolved alfo to prevent the paffmg of their Ships to and from thence, by build- ing a Caufeway from the Continent to the Point of the Neck of Land, which he effected with great Expedition, making it ninety fix Feet broad at Bottom, and twenty four at the Top. The Befieged looked at firft with great Contempt on this Defign, as thinking it impradlicable, but finding it far advanced, they were under a terrible Confternation ; and, with prodigious Labour and Diligence (theWo- x^eCarthagi- men and Children affifting in the Work) they dug another Harbour nuns build a q^ t^g g^ft fide of thc City; and with the Materials of their old Ships, they, with wonderful Celerity, built fifty Gallies of three Tire of Oars, fomc of five, and feveral other Veffcls of different Kinds, amounting in all to a hundred and twenty, and thife\\4th fb ' much Fire The Romans tuiice defeat- ed. Scipio endea vours to re great Expe- dition. Chap. XV. Diffolntio7i of the Rom. E^jipire. 1 45 much Secrecy that the Bcficgcrs were not in the leafl; apprized thereof. When the Port was opened, and the Fleet failed our, it flruck fuch a Tcrrour among the Romans., that if the Carthaginians had attacked them, they had probably deftroyed their whole Fleet ; but it being in Fate that Carthage fhould be taken, they contented thcrafelves with only failing out, and returning into the Port. The Romans had now not only Notice, but Time to prepare for an En- gagement, which they did for three Days together, when the Car- thaginians again failed out of the Port, and carae to a Battel with them. At firft the light VelTcls of the Carthaginians^ by their fud- den attacking and rcti eating again, extremely annoyed the Enemies Gallies that were not fo nimble; but at length Fortune began to de- clare for the Romans, and the others retreated with fuch Precipi- r/jc Canhagi- tation, that the light VefTels getting Iboncft to the Mouth of the "^^^^/'"^ Harbour, lo crowded it that there was no Entrance for the Gallies; upon which the Battel began again, and lafted with great Obftinacy till late at Night, when the Carthaginians at length got into the Harbour with moft of their Ships, leaving fome in the Hands of the Romans. The next Day Scipio, with ieveral Machines, made an Affault at the Quarter of the City called Cothon, and that with luch Succefs as to demoliih good Part of the Wall ; and, in few Days af- ter, marching in at the Breach, took Pofl: there. He then let Fire to the City in three Places, but the Befieged, notwithftanding, dis- puting every Inch of Ground with incredible Obftinacy, it was fix Days before he had reduced the whole. Thofe who were in the tht Byrfa, or Citadel, lurrendered to hira, on Promife of their Lives, Carthage w- of which Number was Afdrubal himfelf; whofe Wife hearing he had ^"^ ""f,^^" fubmitted to ask his Life of the Romans, fet Fire to the Temple of sdllo. ^ Afculapiusy and firft killing her three Childen, leapt with them in- to the Flames. Then was this magnificent Place laid in Alhes, be- ing four and twenty Miles in Compais ; nay io large it was that the burning of it continued feventeen Days; and this was the fatal End of one of the moft renowned Cities of the World, both for Command and Riches, and of the third and laft Tunic War, which happened in the fourth Year after it began, being the 607''' Year of the City ^ M.3804. of i?(?w^, and of the World 3804. The Deftrudtion of Carthage was prefently followed by that of Corinth, and the Diftblution of the Republick of Achaia : And not long after "Nttmantia was taken and razed, a flourifhing City oi^-^- 3818. Spain : However this did not deter the People of the Baleares c.ft^ie"* ^^^ Iflands from drawing upon thcmfelves the Anger of the Romans, by their Piratical Depredations on the adjacent Seas, which they infefted for a confiderable time, plundering all Ships pafling that way. When they delcry'd the Roman Fleet advancing toward them, they, in '^^',^"'**' Hopes ot a great Booty, charged them at firft very vigoroully, aresr« ihe i- together with Gnojfus, LyBus and Erythrea ; and having entirely /'■""'■ reduced the Ifland to the Roman Obedience, and Icrtled it in Peace, was honoured with the Sirnaiiie otCreticus. The before-mention'd M. An- 1 5 o Naval Tratjf anions Icfore the Book II. AI. yJiitou'ms, who had been fent fomc time before this againfl the Pirates of Cilicia, made fome ineffectual Attempts againfl them, in Antonius de- which he was once defeated by them in a Skirmi/h, and had the fraud by the Mortification to fee his Men who were fallen into their Hands, hung c'llica '^ "P "" the Yard- Arms, and carried in that manner to Crete; to fuc- cecd whom, the Romans fcnt "P. ServUius againft thcfe Pirates at the Head oi a confiderable Number of flout Ships, who dilperied and put them to flight in fevcral Engagements, and landing a Body Serviiius 0- of Troops, attacked their Nefls alhore, which were feveral flrong 7heT" Cities ofCilicia and Parts adjacent. " He took and deftroyed Tha- fells and Olympus, full of their Spoils and Plunder, and alio made himlclf Mafter of Ifauria, their capital City, from whence he had the Title of IJanricus \ which Succefs of Serv'ilius obliged them to quit the Sea for lome time, and feparare into their feveral Countries, where they retired to Mountains and inaccelTible Places; riot Pirates jjQt noc long after, with a great Acceflion of Strength from all Parts, sro^vj'onger ^j^^^. covetcd the Sca with their Fleets. Hereupon A. Gabimns laid a Bill before the People for Tompefs '■ streijht} of having the Government of the Sea from the ' Streights of Gades to Gibraltar. Syria iiud 'Famfhylia, and from jEgypt and Libya up to the E7i- xijie^ in order to put an end to the Piratic War ; and withal pro- poled that he might be afllfted with fifteen Peribns of Senacorian Rank, as his Lieutenants, to be of his own chufing ; and that there Ihould be ifTued to him from the publick Trcafury inch a Sum of Mo- ney as he jhould think neccfTary for defraying the Charge of the Ex- pedition. Tornpey having received this Command from the People, notwithilanding it was violently oppofed by the Senate, got his Ships, Men and Provifions ready with incredible Difpatch, the Fleet con- Pompey tn- fiftjng of two hundred and feventy Sail, and to cut off" all Retreat 'il'J,!^ *" froi^i tbe Pirates, he made a Difpofition of his Officers in this man- ner. The Coafl of Spain within the Pillars o{ Hercules he com- mitted to Tiberius Nero, and Manlius Torquattts ; the Seas of Gaul and Liguria to M. Tcmponius, and thofe oiAfrick^ Sardinia, and Corjica X.0 Leiitulus, Marcellmus, 2inAP.Attiltus. Ofthe Coafl of Italy, L. Gellius and Cn. Lentulus had Charge ; and 'Plotius and Ter. Varro had the Command of the Sicilian and Ionian Seas as far as Acarvavia. L. Cimia was flationed on the Seas of Teloponnefus, Attica, Eub(£a, Thejfaly, and Macedonia ; and to L. Cullius his Care was committed the rcfl of the ALgean, with the Iflands there- "> s«arp Con. fidcs for fouie time, till the foremoft Ranks of the Romans got foot- fiifi, but the ing on dry Ground, when they {)ut the Enemy to flight, who, as ^""'"^ T ^o°" ^s '^'^'^y ^'^'^^ ""'• ^^ fcach of danger, fent Ambaffadors to Ca- puttopig t. ^^ ^^ dcfire Peace, promifing to deliver Hoftages for their entire SubmiflTion , which were accordingly received, and a Peace con- cluded in four Days after his Arrival. Eighteen Tranfports appoint- ed for his Cavalry, which were not ready to embark with the rell of his Troops, having put to Sea after him, with an eafy Gale of Wind, were already arrived within Sight of the Roman Camp, when Theshipszvith of a fudden there came up fuch a violent Storm, that they were all the Roman jjifpcj-fed^ fome eudcavouring, in the befl: manner they could, to reach farTte?. the Pott whcncc they came, while others driving down the Chanel, let fall their Anchors and attempted to ride it out, but finding their Endeavours inefTedual, bore away alfb for Gaul. The lame Night the Moon being at the full, and caufmg a Spring-Tide, a Circum- ftauce the Romans were ignorant of, the Gallies they had hauled up on the Sands were loon filled with Water, and the Ships of Burthen, Many of Cx- which rodc at Anchor, were fo violently agitated with the Storm, farj ihips de- (h^t: Icveral of them foundcr'd, drove from their Anchors, or loft ihrlrJl " '^^^"' Marts and Rigging, all of them being rcnder'd ulelefs; and the Romans had no Materials to refit them, or orher VefTels to tranf- port themlelves to the oppofire Shore : nor had they made any Provifion for wintering in Britain, infomuch that the whole Army was under a terrible Conftcrnarion. The Princes of Britain, who were affembled to perform their Agreement with Cafar, knowing that he had neither Cavalry, Ships, nor Proviftons, and thinking they lliould be more than an equal March for the Romans, came to a Rcfolution to break with them again, which they accordingly did, and attacked them with their whole Force. After two or three Skirmiflies, with doubtful Succels, they came to a decifive Battel, The Britains whercin the Britains received a total Defeat, and immediately recene a total thereupon had Recourfe to their old Cuftom of lending Ambaffadors to beg Peace; whereupon Cafar commanded them to lend him into Gaul double the Number of Hoftages he had before required, and not thinking it fafe to take a Winter's Voyage in his crazy VefTels, the Autumnal Equinox being near, ha took the firft Advantage of a Wind, and weighing Anchor about one in the Morning, in few Qxhxrtturm Houts atrivcd lafe in Gaul with his whole Fleet. to Gaul. Having Chap. XVI. Di(folut}o7i of the Rom. Ej/ipire. 155 Having lectled the Winrcr-Quartcrs of his Troops in "^ Gallia " The Ne- Belgica, (where two of the Communities of Britain feut their Ho- '^^'■'^"'Js. ftagcs, all rhc red: ncgledting it) he repaired to Illyricnm, leaving Orders with the Commanding Officers of the Legions to clean and refit all the old Ships, and to build a Number of new ones, lower than ulltal, that io they might be the eafier hauled afliore, and more expediciouHy loadcn ; for he had obfcrv'd that, by reafon of the frequent changing of the Tide in thcfe Parts, there did not run lb great Seas as in the Mediterranean. He alio ordered them to be built broader, that io they might carry the greater Number of Hor- Ics and Carriages, and to be contrived both for rowing and faihng, for which their low built would render them the more fit : And as for Rigging, and Naval Stores, he gave Orders for their being lent from Spain. On his Return to Gaul the next Spring, he found the Fleet in Readinels ; and the Britains having not fent the reft of their Ho- ftages, according to Agreement, he \tiz Labiemis with three Legi- ons, and two rhoufand Horib, to fccure the Tortus Iccim^ and watch the Motions of rhc Gauls, and embarking with the like Num- ber of Horlc, and five Legions, about Suufet he weighed Anchor, Casfar rer«r»/ with an eafy Gale at S W, which dying away about Midnight, he '" ^f'^^^'n- found, by break of Day, that the Currents had carried him too far to the Eaftward ; but the Tide then returning, and all Hands la- bouring hard at the Oars, (wherein was not enough to be commend- ed the Diligence of the Soldiers, who made the Ships of Burthen keep up with the light Gallies) about Noon he gained the Land, and put in at the fame Place he came to before ; where he found no Britainsy for they had retired at the firft Sight of fo numerous a Fleer, which^ including Veflcls of all forts, confifted of eight hun- dred Sail. Cafar, having landed his Army, marked out a Camp, and learning from fome Prifoners which fell into his Hands where the Enemy were encamped, he left twelve Cohorts, and three hun- dred Horlc for the Security of his Fleet, which he thought was in no danger from the Weather on liach a fmooth open Shore, and hav- ing appointed §^Atriits to command, advanced himfelf by Night in Advamts d- qucft of the Natives. He had not marched above twelve Miles e'er £•''«;? //«Bri. he faw them, who having poftcd their Horfes and Chariots on the '■""*• Banks of the '' River, endeavoured to oppofe his Paflage, but being a r^eStower. repulfcd by the Roman Cavalry, fled to the Woods, notwithftand- ing the Advantage they had of Ground. Cafar would not permit his Men to follow them, bccaufc the Day was far fpcnt, he intend- ing to employ the Remainder of it in intrenching his Camp ; and next Day News came from Atriits that the Fleet had lufTer'd ex- nh tUtt fuf- tremely by a Storm, moft of the Ships having broken from x\\c\x. ftn much in a Anchors, and fallen foul of one another, or ran afhore; whereupon ^'"'^• he immediately fent to call in the Parties he had detached out to fcour the Country, and returned with his Army to the Sea-fide, where he found about forty of his Ships loft, and the reft fo much difabled, that they could not without difficulty be repaired. How- ever, he let all the Carpenters he had to work upon them, and fent X ^ for 1^6 Naval Tr a fif actions Icfore the Book IL for others from Gaul, ordering at the fame time Lab'ienus to dif- patch to him as many more Ships as pofiibly he could. Confidcr- ing then that tho' it were a Work of great Labour and Difficulty, yet it would be of fingular Importance ro haul the Ships up, and Hehciudeshis Jncludc them withiu the fame Retrenchment as the Camp, he re- ships within a folvcd to fet about it, and it was performed in ten Days, his Men Runnchment. ]abo^,ring both Day and Night. This done, he left the fame Number of Troops for the Protcdti- on of the Ships as before, and advanced to the Place he had lately removed from, where he found the Enemy's Forces greatly encreafe'd under the Command of Cafflvellamnts, one of the Kings of the Ifland T^feeThame?. (whole Territories lay beyond the ^ Tamefis) whom they had now choien for their Gencralilfimo. With him Cafar had feveral Skir- 5f4/i Cafli- millies with various Succefs ; but at length forced him to retire into veiiaiinus,/^c j^j^ ^^^,^ Domiuions, whither he refolvcd to march after him. Ar- iiritlln Gene- initio- r \ r it-. ■, -r- rat. riving at, the Banks or the lamejis, he law the Enemy s rorces drawn up in a conliderable Body on the oppofite fide, which was fortified with Iharp Stakes, and many Piles of the like kind were driven in- to the bottom of the River, the tops whereof were under Water. crcjfts the CaJaVy notwithftanding, crolTcd the River at this Place, (fuppofcd Ki^er of jg J32 Coipay-Stakes near ChertfeyJ and put x\\Q.Britains to flight; and fo that CaJJivellawius loft all hopes of Succefs by Battel, and re- Caffiveiiau- taining with him not above four thoufand Chariots, could only ob- Tsurrendt"/. ^^^^^ ^^^ Motions of the Romans, and prevent their making luch Excurfions as other\vi(c they would have done. In the mean time ^ '^ Fff» '^'^ '■^^ ^ 7>i«tf^^7/r^j-, 8 Cenmagni, ^ Segontiaci, ' Ancalites, ^ B'tbroci, g"suffoik, ^^^ ' CaJJii fubmitting to him, and the Kings of*" Cantitim haviag Norfolk, milcarried in their Defign upon the Naval Camp, Cafflvellaunus lent SrT'"]«5 AmbafTadors to treat of a Surrender. Cafar, defigning to Winter Huntingtoi.- in Gaul, accepted his SubmilTion, demanded Hoftages, and appoint- ^'fe- ed the yearly Tribute which the Britains lliould pay to the People dred\fv^Q\t-'^^ ^°^^-> which Hoftages having received, he marched his Army fliot in back to the Sea lliore; where finding his Fleet refitted, he ordered Hampfliire. x\x(^^ f© bg launched, and had Thoughts of tranlportins the Troops ' The Hun- . , r t ■ rM ■ r rr • '■ ^ i '■ drcd o/Hen- ^t twicc, becaule his Ships were not lumcient to receive them and ley ;« Ox- the great Number of Prifoners ; for of thole fixty which Labienus ^The^Hun- ^^^ built, vcty fcw wcrc arrived, de/ar having in vain expedted dred oj Bray them fot fomc time, and doubting the Navigation might be hazar- '"ai^fhinv"^^ dous, fmce the Equinox was approaching, he made a Ihift to croud Hundred in ^^^ ^'S Troops on board thole Ships he had , and fetting fail a- Hertford- bout ten at Night, arrived the next Morning on the oppofue ^-''"'- Coaft. ite. Kent. Cxhr returns The Gau/s, during his Abfcnce, had been concerting a general to Gaul. Revolt, which this Winter they put in Execution, but he in a lliorc time reduced them to Obedience, killing Induttomartis, one of the principal Authors of the Rebellion. Having pafTed the Rhine, and Inlatit^in^^' overcomc the " Sicambri on the other fide that River, he quelled Zutphen.^ another Rebellion in Gaul, and taking Vercingentorix Prilbner, let- tied the Country in Peace ; about which time Crafiis being llain in the Eaft, the Triumvirate was diflblved, and Ca/dr's Daughter Julia, Chap.XVI Diffolution oftheRom. Empire. 1 57 Jnila, thcWife of Tomfey, dying, the mutual Grudgingsthat had lono Cafar and been between them two broke out into an open War. The immcnfe J^'i™/^'^ Riches oiCxJ'ar^ and his p-avour with the People, rendered him fuf- war.'"'" pedcti to To'inpey, as Tomfcfs great Power, andlntereft with the Se- nare,werc very much laid to Hcarrby Cf/"^r, the one not being able to bear an Equal, nor the other a Superior. The Senate, influenced by 'Pom- fey, ordered Cafar, when he petitioned for a fecond Conlulfliip, to disband his Army, and appear as a private Perlbn at the Election ; which he rcfufing, unlels Pompey were obliged to do the like, they looked upon it as a Denunciation of War, and appointed 'Domitius, Domitius a/- wich five Legions, to fucceed him in the Government of Gaul. Ca- /""'»'«;^'»/''f- far having Advice of what pafl'ed at Rome, marched his Army with Gaul, wonderful Expedition into Italy, and crofled the "Rubicon, ^omfey'% "Pifateiio. Troops not daring to oppole him : He placed Garrilons in all the ftrong Places of Italy, defeated Tetre'im and Afraniiis, "Pompeys c^far heats Lieutenants in Spain, and took Brnndtijium ; where caufing all the I'ompey's Ships ro be brought together, that could be got from the leveral ^'"*"'"'""- Parts of the Mediterranean in his Intereft, he lent ^ Valerius, his Lieutenant, to Sardinia with one Legion, and Afinms Pollio with three to Sicily againft Cato, who kept that Ifland for Tompey, and had not only ordered all the Ships belonging thereunto to be refitted, but that each City fhould build a Number of new ones; who yet, not\^ iihftanding thefe Preparations, immediately abandon- Cz\.oahan- cd the Ifland upon the Arrival of Pollio, and leaving all the Ships ^""^ ^'"'^' behind him, fled to Pompey at Corcyra. When Cafar was in Spain, he difpatched Curio over to Africa with five Legions, and twelve Ships, againft Attilius Varus, and Juba, King oi Mauritania; who ibou after coming to an Engage- Cuno*M/«» ment with them at the River Bagrada, not only loft his own Life, "» Africa. but moft of his Men were cut in pieces. Cafar himlelf marching a- gainft Pet reins, the Inhabitants oi"^ MaJJilia were the only People qMarfeillcs. who Ihut their Gates againft him, having received 'Domitius into their Port, with feven light Frigates he had hired in Sicily and Sar- dinia o'i'^x'wzx.t Perfons, which he had manned with his own Slaves, and fuch Country Fellows as he could get. To him the MaJJilidns com- mitted the Defence of their City, and fending out their Gallies to cruize, they brought in all the Merchant Ships they could meet with, which they made uie of againft the Enemy ; whereupon C£- Caefar m- far advanced with three Legions, and encamping before the Place, '^^fjJ"^"'^* raifed Towers, eredted Penthouies to cover his Men in carrying on' the Approaches, and ordered twelve Gallies to be built ^ix.'^ Are late, r Aries. which were completely finiihed, rigged, and fit for Service within thirty Days after the Timber was cut down ; and having brought them before the Place, he gave the Command of them to Brutus, leaving Trubonius to carry on the Siege by Land. The MaJJilians^ by Advice of 'Domitius, fitted out feventeen large Gallies, befides a great Number of Barks, dcfigning by fuch a numerous Appearance to ftrike a Tcrrour among the Romans under Brutus. They manned them with Archers, and the People of the Mountains about MaJJji- lia, whom they had called in to their Afliftance, and having encou- s raged , — -— ■ I. :-!?■ 158 Naval Tra7if actions lefoj^e the Book II. raged them by large Promifes to behave themfelves gallantly, 'Do- mit'ins embarking with the Men he had brought, they ail advanced ' Les Pome- againft the Romans, who were at Anchor among the ' Iflands which gues. he before the Town. Brutus was much inferior to them, both in Num- ber of Ships and Men, but thofe he had were all chofen Troops, and their Officers fuch as voluntarily offered themlelves for this Service. The Fioht was very obftinatc on both fides, the Mountaineers, who had been dilciplin'd a long while, behaving themfelves with great Braver^', and Domitius's Slaves performed Wonders, in hopes of procuring their Liberty. Their Ships being light and nimble, elu- ded, with great Dexterity, the Shock of>5n/^?/j'sGallies, and, fpread- iug themfelves out to a good Diflance, endeavoured to encompafs the Romans; but failing iu that Defign, they attempted, in pafllng A Battel be- fwiftly by, to brufli off their Oars. The Romans had neither ex- ^vnntheKQ- perienccd Pilots, nor good Rowers, being all raw Seamen, and Maffiiiln'^ icarce acquainted with the Terms of Navigation ; bcfides, their Gal- lUtts. lies were heavy and unwieldy, having been run up in hafle of green Timber, fo that their whole Dependance was on the Goodnels of the Troops they had on board ; and in order to the making this advantagious to them, they ufed all Endeavours to come to a clofe Fight, which they at length effedled. Being well provided with Javelins, Darts, Arrows, and other miffive Weapons, together with large Hooks, and grappling Irons, they frequently attack'd two Ships of the Enemy's at once, which, feizing with thofe Inflru- ments, they boarded, fighting from both fides of their own with muchRefolution. Having made a great Slaughter among the Moun- taineers, and Domitius's People, and funk or taken nine Gallies, with all their Men, they forced the reft to retire with the utmoft Preci- pitation into the Harbour ; which ill Succefs, however, did not di- minifli the Courage of the Befieged, who bravely fuftain'd all the Efforts of the Enemy by Land ; and in a lliort time after ventured upon another Engagement at Sea, encouraged thereunto by the Ar- rival oi Najidius with fixteen Sail from Tompey. Brutus having by this time alfo found means to encreafe his Strength, the two Fleets came to a Battel, in view both of the Town iv^di Roman AfecondFight Camp, whcn the MaJJilians charged with much greater Fury than •hetwttn the thofc did which Najidius had brought with him, and held the Vidlo- Maffir" ""^ ''y '" fufpenfe for fome time, who at length perceiving two of their titets. Gallies, which attacked the Ship Brutus had hoifted his Flag in, ac- cidentally rufh againft each other, and fink with the Violence ot the Shock, he retired with his Divifion from out of the Line, whereas had he had the Courage to continue the Fight, he might have pro- cured the Vidory to the MaJJilians, who being thus balely deferred, were no longer able to make head againft Brutus., by whom five of their Ships were funk, four taken, and the reft forced to retire in Confufion ; however, the Befieged held out for fome time, and Cxfiir takes ^crc, with great difficulty, obliged at length to furrender. Maffiiia. While this Siege was carrying on, and Cafar was reducing Spain to his Obedience, C. Antonius and T>olabella, who had it iu charge from him to fecure the Adriaticky were encamped the firft in the $ Ifland Chap.XVL Diffohition of the Rom. Empire. i $51 Ifland ^ Corcyra MeUna, and the other over againft him upon the *" (^uizola. Continent of llhr'tcum ; but 'Tompey being now confiderably more l^J^; ''-^''"*' potent at Sea, Offaviiis Libo^ his Lieutenant, arrived with a good ° Nuaiber of Ships, and lan'ded his Troops both on the Ifland and the Main ; thus hemming in "Dolabella, as well as Anthony, the latter Liho Pom- ol'wliom bcin;:; hard prelled in the Ifland for want of Provifions, he, P^y^ /'"'•'- ID. order to elcape to the Continent, having no Ships with him, in no!ohc;h cauicd Icvcral Floats to be made, compofcd of Timbers laid a-crols -'"'^ Anthony. Imall Boats which were chained together, and was in hopes that tlie N'jmbers of Men he propofed to put upon each Float might deter the Enemy from attacking them. Libo, on the other hand, by Ad- vice of lome of the old Cil'tcian Pirates, ordered Cables to be laid under Water from his Ships, a-crofs the Place where the Enemy's Floars m'lft ncccflarily pafs, which were fattened to the oppofite Rocks. Two of the Floats he liiffercd to pafs unmolcftcd, but when the third came, on which were fix or leven hundred Soldiers of ' Opitergiiim^ it was, by means of thcfe Cables, forced alhore to a ' OJerzo in Place covered with his own Troops. The Op'itergians fuftain'd the '^.^ «''M'''^* joint Efforts of the Enemy's whole Land and Sea-Force for Ibme " time, but at length finding no means to eicape from liich unequal Numbers, Vulterius^ who commanded, worked them up to a Re- Vuherius le- Iblution of difpatching thcmfeives, which they (following the Ex- '"^ o-^enome, ample of Vitlter'tus himfelf) defperately performed, by falling on utnkM each others Swords. themfeives. Cue far returning to Rome, after the Redudtion of Spain, he, by his own Power, afTumed the Confulihip, and having joined c^iivajfumis to himfelf T. Serviliiis in the Execution of that Office, he pro- *^'^ ^""M- cceded firft to Brundufinm^ then to Epirus, and from thence ad- vanced to Tharfdlia in Macedonia. jPompey having had a Year's Time to provide for his Defence, had gotten together from Afia, the Iflands Cyclades, Athens, Corcyra, and yEgypt, a Fleet of fix hundred Sail, with fome of which he fccured the Sea-Ports, and or- dered the reft to cruife about the Ionian and the Mouth of the A- driatick, to prevent Cafars pafTing over to Macedonia. Fie ap- pointed Latins to command the Ships of the Provincial y^<2 ; to i^-whatman- Triarius's Care he committed thofe of Syria, to CaJJius the Rho- ^" ^/'!"?'r'5^ dian, to Marcellus and young Tompey the Liburnian, and to Tri- 'FUel! bonius and OEiavins Ltbo thofe of Achaia. The Night after Ca- far had landed in Epirus, he fcnt back his Ships to Erundujinm, thirty of which fell into the Hands oi Bibulus, who commanded in ^"f" "f.'^-'^- Chief for Tompey in the Ionian Sea , by whom they were let on imlalnlnds fire, and all the Men on board them burnt. c/Fompcy. After T'ompey's Defeat in the Battel of Vharfalia, (from- whence he efcaped to Cyprus, and thence to JEgypt , where he was flain) Lteiins, ignorant of what had happened, came with his Squadron Laeiius f«wi-f to Brundnjium, and pofTefs'd himfelf of the Ifland which lies before X'/» lob'Tn- that Port, when Vatinius, who commanded there for Cafar, man- duftum. ning out a great Number of Longboats, took one oi' Lalius's Gal- hes of fiveTire of Oars, together with two Imall Frigates, but could not diflodgc him from the Ifland ; and at the fame time CaJJius, with 1 6o Naval Tranfacliovs before the Book II. with the Rhodiaii, '^Phcenictan, and Cilician Ships repaired to Si- cily. The P^lcct which Cafar had in thofe Parrs was then divided 'Bivona, in jnro two Squadrons, one under the Command oi Snlpitius at ' Vibo^ si"^E^fcmil'' without the ftrcight ofSici/y, and the other with Tomponius at MeJ- in the farther faun, which Port CaJJius reached before Tomponius had any IntelJi- CaiabrM. gcncc of him, and finding the Enemy lay carelels, and in Dilorder, he filled leveral VcfTels of Burthen with Pitch, Hemp, and other Csiir'iiA';/, combuftible things, which, with a ftrong Wind, that blew diredtly •i>'d into the Port, he lent toward Toffjpoii ius's Ships, and burnt them all, gIiu! "{ith' lacing in Number thirty fix, and would at the fame time have made Suipitius. himiclf Mafler of the Town, had not the News of Tompey% Defeat at Tharfalia, which juft then arrived, confirmed the People in the Intereft ot Cafar. CajJius from hence procce4ed towards Vibo^ where lay Suipitius ; and, with the like Advantage of a favourable Wind, fcnt againfl him no lefs than forty Fire-Ships, which fct on Fire the Gallies at each End of his Line, five whereof were prcfently confumed with the Flames. Some veteran Troops of Cajafs that were ported afliore for the Protection of this Squadron, immedi- ately went on board, bore down againfl the Enemy's Fleet, and char- ged them with fuch Violence that they foon made thcmlelves Ma- fters of two Gallies of three Tire of Oars, and as many of five, one of which was CaJJius"^ own Gaily, who leaped into a Boar, and el- Caffiusv vket ^^ped with the refl of his Fleet. Notwithftanding this, he continued in thofe Parts, till he received Advice of Tompey's Defeat, and then made the bed of his Way toward Afia\ bur, in his Paflage thither, fell in with the little Barks which were tranfporting Cajar's Troops from Greece x.oAJia% and though he might have eafily taken them all, with Cafar himfelfi yet he was fo much over-awed by that ^^'^T/To' gi'C^t Man's Prefence and Behaviour, that he immmediately iurren- Cafar. dercd both himfelf and Ships. Cafar made but a fliort Stay in Afa% for hearing that T^ompey had been at Cyprus, he guefTed he would make for AEgypt, and therefore following him with his ufual Dihgence, he foon arrived with his Troops at Alexandria, on board ten Rhodian Gallics he The Death of j^gj takcn ftom Cnffiiis, and lome Ships oiAfa. Upon his landing ompey- j^g received the News of Tonipey\ Death, whofe Head was prcfcnt- ed to him, with the Ring which he ufcd for his Signet, which mourn- ful Spectacle drew Tears from his Eyes; and to fhew the Rcfpcdl he had for him, he caufcda magnificent Sepulchre to be built near the Place where he was murdered, with an Edifice which he called the Temple of Wrath, and then he fet himfelf towards making up the Differences between King Ttolemy and his Sifter Cleopatra, relating conciie Pto- to the Succelfiou of the Kingdom, whom he fummoned to appear iemy.in.'/ before him for that Purpoic. Thotinm had then the Adminiflrarion eopa ra. ^^. ^^^j^.^^ ^^,j^q rcfufing to adhcrc to Cafar s Propofals, procured Achillas to march to Alexandria at the Head of two and twenty thoufand Men, which obliged Cafar to take great Care, after he had fecured the King's Perfon, to ftrengthen himiclf in the Town, not being able to meet the Enemy in the Field, and to caufe his own Quarters to be ftrougly fortified; where, neverthcleis, hewaslhordy after Gasfar effrfed •voun to re Chap. X VI. Diffolution of the Rom. Enipre. 1 6 1 -^ — . , . — — , ■ ■ — — -. after attacked by Achillas. His Troops bravely rcpulfcd the Ene- '"""^'^''' '» my, whofc chief Dcfigii was to get PcfTcflion of fifty Ships, and two /^' clnymV and twenty Gallics that were in the Haven, which obliged Cafar, dcs. after a long and doubtful Fight, to make himfelf Matter of the Ifland 'Pharos (where was the celebrated Watch-Tower of that Name) lying before the Harbour, and to fct fire to thofe Veffels, which Si- tuation made him Alalkr by Sea ; but he was clofe fhut up by Laud, and the People of the Town were generally againfl him. Photinus being foon after (lain, G-^/ywf^d'j the Eunuch, under Pretence of aflift- ing Arjinoe, \^\v.'^Ptolemj'^ y oungeft Sifter, and by declaring her Queen had cauled Achillas to be murdered, and procured to himlelf the Command of the Array, puflied the Siege with much Vigour, and reduced Cafar to great Extremities by Tj3oiliDg all his frelh Water, ^educedtoEx- which he remedied by his extraordinary Diligence, and by digging 'q^"1"^11^ Abundance of Wells. This was the Pofture of Cafar's Affairs, when he had Advice that the twenty fourth Legion was arrived at a Tetiinfula-, two or three Leagues Ihort 0*1 Alexandria^ bur could not reach that Port, the Wind blowing frelh at S. E, in which Quarter it continued for fbme Days, fo that they began to be in Want of Water; Advice whereof being fent to Ca/ar, he embarked on board his Ships with the Ma- riners only, and repaired to the aforefaid Tenin/iila. The Enemy knowing he was without Soldiers, attacked him, but he foon over- Cjcfar at- carae them, joined his Legion, and returned to Alexandria: And ""^''d at sea, though thisfirft Action aftoniflied x.h& Egyptians, they ueverthelefs ''"Ju'' ^'*"'^'' refitted their Ships, and came againft him with a ftronger Fleet than before, but were again routed, and forced to retire under the Peer «« again oi'PharoSy which joined the Ifland to the City. Cafar was only ^'^[[^^^'^' Mafter ofthc Ifland and Tower, who making an Attack iipon the sea. Peer with forae little Succeft, was, notwithftanding, at length repul- led, and his Soldiers put in fo much Diforder, that not being able to hinder their throwing thcmfelves on board his Ship in Crowds fhe funk, and they all periflicd, he faving himfelf by fvvimming, 'r^^V/f"" wherein he fhew'd fo much Prclcnceof Mind as to prcfcrve his Papers, f"'!mmmg. by holding them out of the Water with one Hand, while he fecu- red his military Robe in his Teeth. Having fome Days after enlar- ged Ptolemy^ at the Requeft of the Alexandrians^ in order to faci- litate a Peace, he received Advice of the Arrival o^ Mitbridates of Mithridates Pergamns, with an Army from Lycia to his Afllftance, who had "/Pergamus taken Pelujium^ and attempted to pafs the River Kile at "Delta, cafar. Ptolemy being informed thereof, advanced in Perfon to oppofe, as Ce/2irdid to afllft him, who, before the Arrival of either, had beat- en fome of Ptolemy"^ Troops. Cafar alfo defeated others before he could join Mithridates, and having afl^aulted and taken a fmall Fort which was between him and Ptolemyy he the next Day, at- tacked, and forced his Camp, when the King endeavouring to fave himlelf by Water, was drowned. Hereupon he returned to Alex- KingVto\t- andriay which immediately lubmitting to him, together with the ^„^ ^gyp'^ ' reft of the Kingdom, he cftablifhed Cleopatra therein. fuhmits t» Y While 1 J G2 'Naval TranfacUons hfore the Book II. M. odavhis While thefe things were tranfadiing in t^gypt^ M. O^favius, one ■ran-aover ^^ 'PomPcji's Comfnandcrs at Sea, ranged over the Adriatick ,^eAdr.atick. ^^.^j^ ^ coufiJcrablc Fleer, and having taken feveral Places mlllyri- cuWt was not without Hopes utterly to have driven our CornificiuSy who commanded in that Province for Cafar\ but by the Vigilance Vatiiiiusfwi of that Officct, and the Bravery o^Vatinius, his Defigns were fru- to aid Corni- (^^atcd. Com'ific'tm havuig lent Vatintus Advice of the Pofture of '^'"^" Affairs, and that the Enemy had not only made a League with the Barbarians of the Country, but attacked icveral of his Garrifons, both maritime and inland, he reiblved, notwithftanding the Rigour of the Scalbn, and his Indilpofifion, for he lay ill at Brundujium, to repair to his Relief, and tho' hediad not any thing in readinefsfor fuch an Expedition, his Valour and Induftry furmountcd all Difficulties. He wrote to Kalenus in Achaia immediately to fend over to him the Ships he had there, but they not arriving with that Expedition {o preffing an Occafion required, he got together all the Barks and fmall Frigates that could be found, and armed their Prows with Beaks, tho' fcarce one of them was of a proper Size for Battel. With thefe, and the few Gallics he had, he fet Sail for lUyrtcum, with a confiderable Number of veteran Troops Cafar had left behind him fick at Brundufium, and, immediately upon his Arrival, recovecd feveral maritime Towns, confirming others with his Prefence which were wavering, but made it his chief Care by all pollible means to xOldRagufa. come up with Al. 0£favius, and hearing he was betore "^ EpidauriiSy where Cafar had a Garrifon, thither he hadened, but upon his Ap- proach heraifed the Siege and retired. Vatinitis, with theGarri;oa of that Place, failed again in quell oi OBavms^ who relying on the Goodnels of his own Ships, and the Account he had of the Crazi- T La Braxra, nefs of thofe With his Encmy, lay in wait for him at the Ifland > Thau- cntheCoaft ^'^^ j^y yyhich he knew he would pafs. As Vatinius was advancing '^ " towards that Ifland, without thinking the Enemy was fb near, he perceived of a fiidden a Ship, full of Soldiers, crowding down to Kim with all the Sail (lie could make, which was loon followed by feve- ral others, whereupon he put himlelf in a Pofture to receive them, Vatiniusff- and hoifted his Flag as a Signal for Battel. The Enemy came on &i\i.-as'sFUet. ^^^^' prepared and in good Order, while the other waslurprized and in Confufion; lb zh^t Ocfavius fought molt regularly, hw Va.nius with the greateft Relblution : For, tho' he was much inferior both ia -^ the Number and Quality of his Ships, yet he firft charged Otfa\j'iits with luch Fury, that by the firft: Shock he tore off the Be.-k of his Gaily. The Fight was at the lame time maiutaiind w irh great Ob-v ftinacy in all Quarters, but more elpecially near the two Generals, to whole Aid many croudcd on both fides ; but as loon as they came to a clofe Fight, Vatinms's Men, by their fupcrior Courage and Bra- very, abundantly made amends for the Weakncfs of their Ships. Oira- 'vius's, own Gaily was funk, with diverfe others, being transfix'd with the Beaks of Vatiiiuis's VclTels, and Icveral being taken, the Troops on board them were kill'd, or thrown into the Sea. OSiavius leap- ed into a Boat, which prefcntly finKiog with the great Numbers that crouded into her, he fwam aboard one of his Brigantines-t and, 5 with Chap.XVI. Diffoh/tio?i of theRom. Empire. i6^ wirh the Ih.irter'd Remains of his Fleer, efcaped by fivour of the Night and bad Weather, yatinius made a Signal to forbear chafing, and failed viilorioufly, without the Lofs of one Ship into the Port, from whence the Enemy came to engage him, where he ftaycd the next Day to refit his own Ships, and thole he had taken from O^a- fins, (which were one Gaily of five Tire of Oars, two of three Tire, and eight of two,) and then made the bcfl: of his way to the iHanJ '^ IJfa, to which Place he believed OBav'ws was fled. On ji.1o Grande his Arrival there he had the Town liirrcndered to him, which as it . . was one of the richcft in thofe Parts, lb was it the molt devoted to the Enemy's Inrcrcfl:, and there he received Advice that O^faviits was gone with a few fmalj Ships for Greece, with Dcfign to iail for Sicily, and thence to Africk : So that having thus, in lb Ihort a rime, fettled the Province in Peace in Cornificius's Hands, and en- tirely cleared the Adriatick of the Enemy's Ship", he returned tri- umphantly to Brundufinm. Ctefar repaired from Alexandria, vihere we left him, into A^a aiialnit Tharnaces King of '■Ponttis, who beinp; Ibon defeated and '^■^'^^" defeats flain, he appointed the aforementioned Mitbridates of Tergamus }:,„" c/l'on-^ to fuccced him in that Kingdom, and then returning to ha/y, he tus. pafTcd from thence over to ylfrick, where in a Ihort time he over- "■^''""'f^Sci- came ocipio and fiiha, and gomg back to Korne celebrated four Triumphs, on four fuccefiive Days, for the Wars he had lb prolpe- roufly concluded, the firfl: and fccond of which were for the Re- duction of Gaul and ^gyft, the third for the Defeat of T'barnaces, and the fourth oi Jiiba. The two Sons oi ""Pompey having now rallied the fcatrer'd Forces of that Party in Spain, Cafar repaired '""^,''°™' . thither, and overcame them in a bloody Battel near "^ Munda, where splin ""^ '" they lofi: thirty thoufand Men, and Cneius, the youngefi: of them, "RondaVejj, foon after, his Life ; when returning from this Expedition, he was '■""^■^i^'-'S^- received with extravagant Applaule, and the Senate decreed him the mod: unufual Honours; for they gave him the Title of Farher of his Country, coined Money with his Image, ordered publick Sacrifices on his Birth-day, and his Statue to be let up in all Cities, and in the jh; uonoun Temples at Rome. Which invidious Honours, and his Subverfion ''""^ '" Ck- of the Liberties of his Country, by retaining the fupremc Power in ^^1^11 "' his Hands, after the Settlement of Affairs, ibon brought upon him rear of the the Confpiracy oi Brutus, Cajjius, and other Noblemen oiRonie, by ^""l^' 39_°<5- whofe Hands he was flain in the Senate Houfe. Jeforichnft^ 41. Y 1 Chap. 1 (^4 Naval TranfaBions before the Book II. Chap. XVII. Of the Naval JVars of the Komans from the Death ofju- lius C^far to the Battel o/Adium, antJ the Efiablijh- ment of the Empire by Auguftus. 0(fl'»vi«s OCtaviusy Nephew of this great Man, being by the laft Will of his Uncle adopted into the Julian Family, and made his Heir, againjM.M- hc, by Authority of the Senate, in Conjunction with the Confuls//ir- thony. ^-^^ ^^j Tanfa^ raif'ed an Army againft Marc Anthony^ who, un- der Pretence of revenging the Death of Cafar, exerciied all man- ner of Tyranny, and had no other Defign but to fecure the Govern- ment of Affairs to himfclf. In the firft Engagement they had, Hir- tius was killed, and Tan/a dying loon after, the fble Command of the Army came into the Hands of 0£fav'tus, who being now neg- An Ajfocia- le(!ted by the Senate, doled with Anthonyy and entering into a Trea- o'kt'iZ"'' ty with him and Lep'tdus^ formed that Aflbciation called the fecond Anthony' omitins Ainoharbns joined '^omitius^^- Murcns with a confiderable Squadron, lb that their united F'cct "jj';"'^"^^^^,^ confifled of a hundred and thirty Sail, with which they icoured the wW? a. s^jua- lonian and Adriatick Seas, and let nothing cfcape their Hands, '^'^'"• Tompey at the lame time doing the like through the reft of the Me- diterranean. While the two Armies were marching and counter- marching in Macedonia (where after the Battel at Tbiltppi Brutus and CaJJlns fell by their own Hands) a Fleet of Tranlporrs, going with two Legions to OBavius, under Convoy of a few Gallics, fell Mnrcm and in with Murcus and JEnobarbus, who took (bme, burnt others, ^^-lobaibus difperfed feveral, and forced the reft afliore, where they beficged iis"'r»-L/-'" them for five Days, when the Troops having (pent all their Provi- ;"'■"■ fions, they dcfperately forced their way and eicapcd. Cleopatra, in her Condud: with Relped: to the contending Par- ties, endcavour'd to trim between both ; for tho' flie had afilftecl 'Do- labclla, ycK. Serapion, her Lieutenant in Cy/rz/j-, fought for G.^aj-; and after the Defeat of him and Brutus, fhe fearing the Refenrmencs Cleopatra de- of the Conquerors, refolved in Perfon to vaCLtx. Anthony, and, con- /o-inthoiiyr fcious of her own Charms, try how efficacious her Wit and Beauty would be in her Caufe, he having iiimmoned her to render an Ac- count of her Behaviour. Crofting the Mediterranean to Cilicia, where Anthony then was, flie came up the River Cydnus in a Ve{- fel, the Stern whereof was of Gold, the Sails of purple Silk, and the Oars of Silver, which gently kept Time to the Sound of fbfc Mufick. She placed her felf under a rich Canopy of Cloth of Gold, habited like Venus rifuig out of the Sea, with beautiful Boys about her, like Cupids, fannmg her; and her Women, reprefenting the Nereids and Graces, leaned negligently on the Sides and Shrowds oftheVeftcl, while Troops of Virgins, richly dreft, marched on the Banks of the River, burning Incenle and rich Perfumes, which were covered with an infinite Number of People, gazing on with Won- der and Admiration. The Queen's Succefs with Anthony was an- fvverablc to her Expectations, for, far from fliewing any Relent- ments, he from that Moment entertained a Paftlon for her which was Antho.ny the Source of all his future Misfortunes ; and abandoning himiclf en- '^"^ '" ^"'^ tirely to Love he accompanied her to Mgypt, where he fpent the Antho.'V^^; following Winter, difl!blved in Luxury and Pleafure. There he re- A"'" ■'^sypf ccived Letters that Fulvia his Wife, and his Brother Lucius, then '" ''''°^"'*-'"'- Conful, difagrccing with 05iavius had been obliged to retire from Italy; and at the fame time News coming that the Tarthtans, af- fifted by Labienus, had made an Irruption into Syria, he began to roufe from his Lethargy and advanced with his Legions to Thosni- cia. Proceeding thence, he, on the Coaft o{ Ionia., received Intel- ligence that his Brother Lucius, having fcized and fortified Terufia, had i66 Naval Tranf actions hefore the Book II. had afterwards llirrendcrcd that Place to OBavius, and been recon- tie comes to cilcd to him again ; and coming foon after to Athens^ he was met Athens, and thcfc by his Mother Julia, with fome GaUics which Tompcy had ptm'pTy'ro/- a^rted her with in her Elcapc ftom//^z/y; who a!fb brought" P^w- fcr 0} an At- J'ejs Olfcrs of au AUiance with him, if he intended to break with liance. O^av'ttts. jluthony xQ.x.\xxxstAl^ompey \{\%'Y\\^vk'i,, letting him know he ihould gladly accept of his Propoial in caie of a Breach, and that if they accommodated Matters, he might be included in the Treaty. While OBaviiis and Anthony were making new Levief, and pre- paring for War, News came that Fnlvia, Anthonys Wife, was de- cealed at S'tcyon ; which proved of no imall Coaiequeuce towards cxtinguifliing the Flames of War which were juft breaking our, the Friends of both theib great Men never ccafing in their Sollicitations An Agreement rill they had btought them to lay down their Arms, and be recon- v"" d^yi' '' '■''*^*^ ^^ ^"^^'^ other by means of a Match between Anthony and Oifa- thony. via, the Sifter of C^^yStr. Hereupon enllied a Treaty, wherein was The Empire made another Partition of the Empire, allotring to Ociavius Italy., divided. Gaul, Spain, Sicily, Sardinia, and 'Dalmatia ; and to Anthony all the other Provinces beyond the Ionian Sea. At the lame rime ^Pompey was declared a publick Enemy ; who, upon Advice of thcie Proceedings, lent out his Officers to ravage the Seas oi Italy, Pompey de- ^nd plunder the Coafts, while hiraielf, lecuring Sicily, Sardinia, and ciaredaTrai- Corfica, kcpt Romc , and all the reft oi Italy, from receiving any S\c\/"'T\x&\- Supplies of Corn, which ufed to be carried thither, in great Quan- nia, o~c. title?, from thofe Countries ; and if he had landed there, and pufli- ed his Fortune, he might, in all Probability, have come off Con- queror, being in Reality Maftcr of a greater Force than O^avius, and abundantly more acceptable to the Senate and People of Rome : But being young, and unskilibl in Affairs, he thought it enough to a(3: upon the Defcnfive, when he Ihould have boldly attacked the Ene- my. This he had Encouragement enough to do, elpcci dly after the Acceflion oi Alnrcm's Force, who joined him with a Fleet of eighty Sail ; and Ainobarbus, who commanded a ftroiig Squadron in the Ionian, was very inclinable to do the like. The preillng Necefti- ties, and frequent Mutinies of the People, on account of the Scar- city of Corn, at length obliged O flavins and Anthony to come to oaavius and a Treaty with Pompey, wherein, among other things, it was agreed, Anthony jj^^j. '^Q^p^y fliould retain the Iflands he pofreftcd, and have Tela- 'treaty with ponnefui befidcs ; that he fiiould reftore the Freedom of Navigation, Pompey. by leaving the Sea open, and liipply Italy from time to time with certain Quantities of Corn. Matters being thus fettled, he enter- tain'd Ollavitis and Anthony on board his Fleet, then lying off the Vromontoxy Mi feniim, when Menodorus, his Vice- Admiral, caUing him a(ide, putting him in mind, that he had it now in his Power to cut off" the two Rivals for the Empire of the World, and feizc ic himlelf; and if he would but Ipeak the word, it Ihould be perform- ed. It cannot be done, replied Pompey, now you have acquainted me with it, for I have given them my JVord and Ho7iour, which I would not forfeit for that World. After this Interview, Tom- fey Chap. X VIL Diffbliition of the Rom. Empire, i6-j fey made the bell of his way for Sicily, and OStavius and Anthony feturucd to Rome, from whence the latter, in a Ihort time after, fet out for Afia, where his Lieutenant Fentidius had defeated the Tar- thians. T'ompey Teemed for a while to be fatisfied, but as the Treaty be- tween him and Ociavius only regulated their Pretenfions, not their Ambition, a Breach was foon made again ; for which the Pretence on Tompeys fide was, that T'eloponne/iis being yielded to him by Pompey.Oc- that Treaty, Anthony refufed to quit it till he was fatisfied for fuch t»vius, and Monies as were due to him from the Inhabitants. Tompcy u ould ov?7J2n "^"'^ by no means hear of this, but immediately fitting out a new Fleet, and providing himielf of Forces, put to Sea, and renewed his for- mer Piracies : But Menodorus, his Vice- Admiral beforementioned, in a lliort rime revolted to Ociavius, bringing in with him Sardinia Pompey'i and Corfica, with three Legions, which Menodorus was Tompey's ^'x^'- ^ Capo deir Armi. ' Taorraina. Ceremony, he credbed Altars at the Water's Edge, whereon he fa- crificed to appeafe Neptune.^ and to procure a favourable PafTage for the Fleer, when weighing Anchor from "^ Ttiteoli, he failed toward Sicily, which Ifland was at the fame time to be attacked by Lcpi- dus from Africa, with eighty Gallics, a thoufand Ships of Burthen, and twelve Legions, and by Taurus from Tarentum with the two hundred and thirty Sail which Anthony had fent. For the Recepti- on of Lepidus, 'Fompcy left Tlinius with a good Force at Lilyba- um, and placing (Irong Garrifons in all the Sea Port Towns there- abouts, ademblcd the bcft part of his Fleet at Meffana. TauruSy in his PafTage from Tarentum to join O^iavius, was forced back by bad Weather, with the Wind at South ; and Lcpidus failing with the fame Wind irom Afnck i'or Li/yi^auni, loft fevcral of his Ships: lb that in this Storm 0£iavius had two and thirty large Gallies, with fome Liburnian Frigates, funk or fplit agaiuft rhe Rocks. This un- lucky Accident made him once relolve to defer the Prolecution of his Defign till next Year, but the Clamours of the People for want of Corn obliged him to fet about refitting his Ships, and go on with the Invafion. Menodorus^ thinking he was not enough regarded, being only Lieutenant to Calvi/ius, and having procured an Aflu- rance of a favourable Reception from 'Pompey, now delerted 06fa- vius with the fame Levity as he had before joined him, and going over with {even Gallies, burnt or lunk a confiderable Number of O^avius's Ships, which lay under the '' Promontory y^^Z/w^r^j". Upon Advice that all the Shore of Sicily between ^ Tyndaris and ^ Myla was covered with Tompey's Fleet and Troops , 06faviusy concluding Tompey was therein Perfon, or^txt^ Agrippa, with great part of his Fleet, which was now refitted, to proceed thither, and endeavour to bring the Enemy to a Battel ; while himfelf lail- ing from e Strongyle to Vibo, there difembarked, and went over- land with three Legions to the Fleet at Tarentum under rhe Com- mand of Taurus. OiT Myla Agrippa fell in with Tompey" s Fleet under 'Demochares, and they prelently joined Battel with great Cou- rage and Refblution ; but Pompey^ Ships were by much the light- eft and nimbleft, and his Men by long Service the more experienced Sailors, Agrippa's being of a much ftronger Built, and conicquently the moft ferviceable in a clofe Fight, i'o that leveral of Pompey'% were funk at their fides ; and Agrippa having greatly the Advantage, the others made a Signal to retreat : However, the Vidlor did not think fit to chafe, but returned to Strongyle, content with the Da- mage he had already done them, having funk or taken thirty of their Ships. About this time OEiavius failed from ^ Leucopetra, with the Fleet under Taurus, and his Land Forces, and came before ' Tauromeniay where being refufed Entrance, he pafPed on to the Mouth of the River Onobola, and landing his Troops, formed a Camp. Tompey coming thither with unexpedted Celerity, 0£favius left three Legi- ons, five hundred Horfc, a thoufand light- armed Soldiers, and two thouland Auxiliaries under the Command of Cornificius , and went himfelf on board the Fleet to fight the Enemy. The Right Wing s he Chap. XVIL D'tffolut'ton of the Rom.Empire. 1 6 ^ he coramitrcd to Titinins, rhc Left to Corcinus ; and failing about OdaviufiM- the Fleet in a Yacht, he exhorted the Officers to do their Duty, Po^p^y" *^ when going on board his own Ship, he ordered the Flag to be flruck, that [o the Enemy might not know where he was. In this Battel he received a total Dciear, and, witli difficulty, macic his Eicape, with only one Servant : Mean while 'Papias, one of 'Pompeys Lieu- tenants, falling in with fomc Tranlports, which were bringing from Afr'tck a Reinforcement of four Legions for LeJ^idus, he luiik or rranrportsvo' took the grcatcfl: Number, with the Troops on board ; and thofc i^g -^:th which eicapcd him tell into the Hands oi Tijienus Gallus, one of ^'J"';^ '" ^^' 'Pornpcys, Govcrnours of the Sea-Coafts. OSiavius , re-affembling his fcaicered Forces, joined Lepidiis, and both advanced to befiege Irleffana ; but Lepidus being not well affed:cd to him, for that he was rather tieated as a Lieutenant than his Partner in the Triumvi- rate, made an underhand Treaty with Pompey. It was not a pro- Lepidus per time for Cafar to take notice of this, wherefore he difl'erablcd ""'^" '^'^f'*- 1 • r« I- 1 I 1 1 1 <-■ ■ 1 I I 1 '> unaer-hana liis Rclentments, not but that he had Spies who narrowly watched nw^i'ompey. his Condud", that lb he might not attempt any thing againft him : And, in order to his getting the fooner i id of fo precarious and de- ceitful an Ally, he willingly accepted of Pompey\ Offer of another Battel at Sea. O'X^'^ Naiilo clous both the Fleets were drawn up, con- '' dibarufo, filling each of them of about three hundred Sail ; and in this Adi- J" J'"' on the Courage and good Condud: o'i Agr'tppa were very conlpicuous, Meffiua. who, by help of the Turrets which he caufed to be creded on his Ships, his Engines, and his grappling Irons, (Inventions improved by him to render them more lerviccablc) contributed very much to obtaining the Vidory. The Army beheld the Engagement from the Shore with great Impatience, and Anxiety for the Event ; and when Agrippa perceived the Enemy began to give way, he renew- ed his Attacks with redoubled Fury , inlbmuch that at length he entirely dclcatcd them ; for though ieventeen of Pompey's Ships Agrippa en which firft bcpan to fly elcaped with much difficulty, yet all the reft: "'"''] "-^f"' bcuig cncoinpalsd by Agrippa, were cither burnt, iunk, or taken, pey'j /■;«;. Upon this 0/- in Lyb'ia had revolteJ, and that his Army in Syria was ready to do '""^'^ cieopa- the like. Arriving at Alexandria., he found Cleopatra attempting "^ '° ' a ftupendous Piece of Work , which was the carrying her Gallies over-laud from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, that lb, if the Cleopatra at- Necedlty of her Affairs ihould require it, flie might efcape, with her 'rThlr'cTiim immenle Riches, to lome Country in the Eaft, and avoid the Diiho- b'^T.andtothe uour of fubmitting to Oclavins. But feveral of thefe Gallies, with ^'^ ^f*- the Carriages, being burnt by the Pcoj^le oi' Arabia Tetraa, who united againft her, Ihe laid afide that D.flgn, and let about fecuring her Ports and Harbours toward the Mediterranean, rclblviug to con- quer, or die in her own Dominions. OEtavius was by this time arrived in jE^ypt, where Cornelius Cal- lus had Icized 'Paratoniitm for him; znA Anthony, with his Troops, and a confiderable Nimiber of Ships relolving to diflodge them, came before the Place. Callus made a fuccefsful Sally, wherein the Anthony Bcfiegers received Ibrae Lois both in the ir Army and Fleet, and then i^monium. bethought himfclf of this Stratagem: He, in the Mouth of the Pore oiTarietonium, cauled Chains to be laid in the Night under Wa- ter, and the next Day kept no Guards about the Harbour, as if he had feared nothing from the Enemy on that fide, who thereupoa tumultuoufly entered the Port with their Ships; which they had no fooncr done, but by certain Engines the Chains were hawled up, and their Retreat cut off; and Callus at the fame time afTailing them from all Parts, burnt or fuak much the greateft Number of them. «« shii>s - The ^'"''" or funk. 1 74 Naval Tra?ifa£Hons hefore the Book II. The next Day Anthony receiving Advice that O^avius had made pDamiata. himfclf Mafter oi^Telnfium, he raifcd the Siege, and with the Re- mains of his Fleet advanced to Alexandria, where he hoped to make an eafy Conqueft of O^avim's Troops, fmcc they were fa- tigued and Ipent with a long Voyage at Sea. He prelcntly, by f."l'ThLs. means of his Fleer, poflefTed himfclf of the iHand *P^.zm, andenga- vc. ' ging with the Enemy alhore, put them to Flight, with which little . , '"" J Succels being encouraged, he again gave the Enemy Battel, but his js beaten, and '-'"«-'-^''' " & P , , . ^wt ■ r^ n ■ i hh fUit goes Troops being defeated, and his Fleet gomg over to Ottavmi, he, oier/aoda- jq j^is defperatc Pofture of Affairs, foon after ftabbed himlclf; and Anthony and his Death was prefcntly followed by that of Cleopatra, who to a- eieopatra. yoid the Shame of making Part of O^avim's Triumph, poilbncd /«/!,■«"" ^^^ ^^^^' ^^ ^^^^ ^^^" generally believed, by the Application of Alps ''"' to her Arms. Octavius having reduced ^gypt into the Form of a Province, appointed Gallus to govern it, and making a Progrcls through Syria, and the Lejfer Afia, returned to Rome, where he was received with anuniverfal Joy and Satisfaction, as a Perfon who had put an End to the Miferies and Calamities which had fo long reigned in the greateft Part of the World. He triumphed three Days tor 11- lyricum, for the Battel o^ Allium, and the Conqueft of y£.fr/.% with extraordinary Splendor and Magnificence ; after which he made a. Difpofition of his Naval Forces in the moft convenient Places of the Empire, in the manner we have related in the firft Book, that they might be ready upon any Emergency. Chap. XVIII. \ Of the Naval Wars of the Romans, from the Efiahlijlo- ment of the Empire by Auguftus to the Dijfolutton there' of by the Irnipt'iom of the barbarous Nations. T ' H E Roman Empire being thus fettled by OHiavius, (who now aflumed the Name of Augujlus,) its Dominions brought almoft to their utmoft Extent, and the whole eftablifhed in Peace ; Little mart- thctc happened from this Time till the Days of Conftantine the ^%'c^t'' ^'■^^^» ^^'■y ^^"^ Naval Wars, fo that the maritime Affairs of three ti'ne tltGreat. CcDturies wiU comc within a narrow Compafs. Not that it is to be fuppofed that the World was in Peace all this while ; for fcarce in a- ny Period of Time have there been mote violent Wars, but their Fu- ry raged moftly in inland Countries. There it was that Varus and ^Tif'!" ^'^ Legions were cut to pieces by the Germans. There it was that Blfore cinji, T^Tufui fell, aftct having {lain infinite Multitudes of thofe People : 7. And thither it was that Tiberius was fent nine times by Augnjins to harrafs and fubdue the then barbarous Inhabitants of Germany. Thefe » Danube. Wats wcrc followed by thofe with the Get a, beyond xhC'IJler, and '■ Nicper. ji^g Sarmatiy on the other fide of the Viftnla, and the '' Boryftbenes: till Chap XVIII. Diffolittion of the^om. Empire. 175 till ar length the Goths of fcveral Denominations, the Claris, Httmis, Vandals, Francs^ Saxons, and other immcuie Swarms oi Barbari- ans, without Number or Name, broke in upon the Empire, Ibmc of them pafiuig over the "Danube into Greece and Italy, fome over the Rhine into Gaul and Spain, and others crolTiug the Ocean in- to Britain. All this while there leemed to be a general Tranquil- lity at Sea, by the few Accounts wc have of Tranfadions there, and that they made no other Ule of Shipping than for Trade, or the bare Tranfportation of Forces. The firft Naval Occurrence we meet with after Augujius is in the rime of his SucceHor Tiberius, when Germanicus took the *= lOand " Pro-ytnce of of the Batavi, lubducd the Sicambri, and defeated the ^ Bru^eri i^-^''^'"^; ^ in a Sea Fight at the iMouth of the River "Amifuis. The Fleet he ^^^.v Emixfe^n" made ufc of in this Expedition confifted of a thouland Sail, which " ^'"^^s. he caulcd to be built on purpolb of a peculiar Strudlure, for they were uinl*of between Ships of War and thole of Burthen, being not fo loner chnfi, iS. as the lirft, and longer than the latter, bellying out in the ^ ifXt for "^^''"anicus the greater Convenience of Stowage ; and they were yet more par- Brulhr'/t ticuhrly remarkable for havifag no Poop, one Eiid being equally Iharp -«'»• and pointed with the other, with a Rudder at both, the Rcaion of which Singularity was becaufe of the many Turnings and Windings of the Chanels in thoie Parts, and the extreme Difficulty of Na- vigation. After the Defeat of the Enemy, he, failing into the O- ^e-:erai oftht cean, lofl: the greateft Part of his Fleet in a Storm, leveral of them cenxiT"'^ being Iwallowed up in Whirlpools, and others driven away to the i ft in bad ^ Or cades Iflands. Some Ships were fcnr, when the Tempeft was ^^''^[^^r. appealed, in queft of thofc that were dilperfed, and after they were "^'^"^J'^^"- re-afTembled, the People on board related the moll dreadful Stories of (Irange Kinds of Birds, frightful Sea Monftcrs, Men of unufual Form, and other iuch Fancies which their Fear liiggefted to them. During the Reigns of G«/i^«/<2, Claudius, Nero, and Galba, there happened little remarkable at Sea, the latter of whom was lucceed- cd by Otho, and he by Vitellius ; but between Otho's and Vitelli- ^ ^»>coHvter ns's Forces there was a Naval Rencounter in the Mouth of the = Tadus, ^/.J"^ /^J and Otho with the ftationary Fleet at Mifenum pofTefled himfelf '>'^'^ o/Otho oi^ Gallia Narbonenjis. About this time fprung up an Impoitor, ^"^-"^'^teiims. who pretending to be the Emperor Nero, made Ibme Difturbance, T, Languedoc but his mock Reign was of a very Ihort Date ; for Calpurnius Af- ""^ ^^'^- prenas being then Governor oiGalatia zndTamphylia, he, among ^^'■'"• the Iflands of the ^gean, hearing Ibme of his Lieutenants had been follicited by this Nero to a Revolt, lent out a fmall Squadron q^ a coun^erftt Ships, with which the Impoftor engaging, he loft his Life in the "^omeatTta. Conflid:, not but that he defended himlclf with greater Bravery than was fuirahle to the Chara<5lcr of the Emperor he perlbnated. Upon the News of Otho'i Death, (who flew himlelf after the Overthrow of his Forces by Vitellius,) Vcfpafiau, being then in Vefpafian, «» Judtsa with a great Army, alpired to the Empire, and fent Mucia- 'otho!''arpi7is iius before him to carry on that Defign, who affembling a fmall t» the E7r,p,rt. Fleet in the Euxirie, repaired to Byzantium, and there increafing them, made the beft of his Way for Italy, where he leized Brun- dufium I ij6 Naval TranfaElions lefore the Book II. iT.Kanto. dtifium and ' Tarentu?n, and made himfelf Matter of '' Calabria and k Terre d O i ]_^jicania. The oppoficc Party were unable to make any Refiftance iB!ifi°icate. at Sea, the Fleet at Mifenum having but one Legion aboard; and that at Ravenna, wavering in its FideUty to Vitellim, did not a(5t at all in his behalf: But while Miiciantis with the Fleet oiTontnsy now without a Guard, was thus liicccfsful in Italy, a War broke out A:!icetus in that Kingdom under the Condudt o{ Anicetns, who took up whD armed Atms for Vitelliits. He invented a new Kind of Ships fomething ^^nvcnifaZxv relembiing the Dclcriprion we have of Noah\ Ark, and having got fort of ships, together a confiderable Number of VcfTels of that Built, feized on >» Trebi- '" TraJ>ez,fis, and other Cities o'i Afia, and by his great Succcfles zjiide. began to acquire a confiderable Reputation. Vefpajiati, upon Ad- vice of thcie Proceedings, diipatchcd Virblus Gemiuus z^w&X-iwv^^ Virbiu5 Ge- an ablc and experienced Officer, who, when he let out on this minus bHtiu gcrvicc had not fo much as one Ship with him, but with great Dil- vl\"rJZ, P^tch cauicd Timber to be cut down, and built a Fleet, with which andb,irns\- hc, in thc vcty firfi Rencounter, forced ^«/a7f«j- to betake himlelf nh.etus ; jQ Land, and letting fire to his Ships, foon after conftrained him to llirrendcr, and put him to Death. In another Part of the World 7v;,cBavavi,/;2 the Batavl took the Part of Vefpafian, who, under the Conduft All of Vei"- of Civilis and Cannefas, their Generals, furprized V'Uell'tus's, Fleet JrSvttdii- of fwcnty four Sail in the Mouth of xhc Rhine; foon after which m^s Fleet. Lucilius Baff'us, Admiral of thc Fleet at Ravenna, declared for Vefpafian: And Fabius Valens, an Officer of Vitellius's, being " Monaco, drovc by bad Weather from before Tifa to the Port of " Hercules o ijies of hi'j- Monactts, and thence to the ° lilands Stoechades, Valerius Tajili- *^'^"' nus, who commanded in thofe Parts for Vefpafian, fent Ibme light Frigates againft him, which defeated and took him Prifoner, All fuhmit to whereupon all lubmitted to the Conquerour, the Fleet at Mifenum Vefpafui). revolred, ^wA Spain, Gaul, and Gfr;»^«)/ declared for him : Which was foon followed by the Murder of Vitellius. After a long Series of iiicceeding Emperors, during whofe Time we meet with nothing remarkable at Sea, Galiienus came to the A. D. i(^r. Imperial Purple, who commiffioncd Cleodamns and Athenans, two Citizens of Byzantium, to inlpedt the Condition of the maiitime Towns, and rebuild iiich as were gone to decay : And in his Time PT^e Danube, the Scythians, crofllng the Euxine, entered the Mouth of the ^ If ter, and committing terrible Dcvaftarions in the Roman Provinces G.iilienus'i on that fidc, Venerianus, Admiral o( Galiienus'sYWcx. lying ^iBy- Admiral o- zantiuM, engaged them, and gave them a fignal Defeat ; notvvith- vcrcomes the landing which, thclc Scythians (united and intermixed with the Scy'hians.' Gotbs, lb much Celebrated in after Times) in a ihort time repair- ed their Lois, and with immcnic Multitudes, and a Fleet of two thou- q somnvhere jand Sail, renewed the War. Off i Marcianopolis in Moefia, the Bui"aru"«;'» Emperor Claudius, who fuccccded Galiienus., came to an Engage- /<»»« pire now called Fraiiconia) that he had taken Prilbners in the War, J^^J ^?"p "" along the Coafts of the Euxtne Sea, with Defign to curb the Scy- xme,' u curb tbiaus by a People of the like Rudenefs and Ferocity with them- '*« Scythians. felvcs: But it was followed by an Event very different from what he propolcd. He was {iicccedcd by his Son CaruSy and his SuccelTor, after Nu- merius and Carinusy was TJioclefian^ about which time happened a memorable Naval Event, whereby, if the greareft Courage, Dexte- rity and Difpatch had not been uled to prevent it, the Roman Em- pire had then gone near to have been rent in pieces by the formi- dable Power of Barbarians at Sea. There was one Caraujius, a Native of the Country of the "^ Meuapity who had acquired a fingu- "^ Flinders rT f ^^ B.'-icain. and for this Expedition, Laraujnis was murdered by one Alkdm his fa- Aiicftus af- miliar Friend, who thereupon aflumed the Purple, tho' not Matter /«""""*« ^"f^' of one of Caraujius's good Qiialities to countenance his Prciurap- ^ '^' tion. Having Advice that Conjtantius lay in the Mouth of the ' Sequana, he rendczvous'd his Fleet at the ' Idand Ve&ls, with a ' Seme. full Relolution to fight the Enemy, if Opportunity lliould offer. \^--%^- Conflantius weighed Anchor from the Sequana with the lame De- ° ' " fign, but a thick Fog coming up, the two Fleets miffed each other, and he landed in Britain hcioxQ AlleSius had any certain Intelligence of his being put to Sea. When all his Troops were difembarked, he ordered the Ships to be burnt, that they might be (cnfible there was no returning, unlefs they came off' Conquerors. Alledius, as loon as he had Advice of the Enemy's Landing, came alio on fliore, but declining a Battel with Conjiantitis, fell in with Aft lepiodatus, his Aikausoi's^- Lieutenant ; and finding in the firft Charge his Troops give way, he [("^* *^ ^°"j threw of his Imperial Robes with the lame Ralhnefs he had put fla,n. them on, and ruffling among the thickefl: of the Enemy, was flain without Diftinftion. Conjiantius, upon thisVidlory, behaved him- felf with great Moderation, nor permitted he any of the Iflanders to fuffer either in their Lives or Fortunes. Upon the Refignation of T>iocleJian and Maximian, Conjiantius A- D- 19*- and Galerius became Emperors, and divided the Roman World be- The Roman tween them. The firft had Italy, Africk, Spain, Gaul, Britain, 2Tn.t» and that part of Germany next the Rhine ; and the latter Greece, coniLmnus JUyricum, AJia, and JEgypt, with the Countries on the other fide "'"^ Gaknus. A a 1 the 1 8 o Naval Tra?7facHo?is lefore the Book II. the 'Danube. Buc Conjiantius, like a prudent Husbandman, would keep no more in his Hands than he could well cultivate, and there- fore refigned his Prctenfions to Italy and Africk, which were there- upon committed by Galerms to his eldeft Son Sevenis, as at the iame time A/ia was to his youngeft Son Max'imin ; himlelt^ as Ar- biter on the World, taking up his Rcfidence in Illyricum, that lo he might on one hand be in the Neighbourhood oi Italy and the Weft, and of the other of y^Jia and the Eaft. In the mean time Maxen- tins, the Son of Maxim'ian, was laluted Emperor at Rome by the Prxtbrian Cohorts, againft whom Severus advanced with an Army ; Severus fia'm but hisTroops deferring him, he fled x.o Ravenna., and was there flain. at Ravenna. j^Jaximian began now to entertain Thoughts of refuming the Em- pire, and endeavoured to cut off his Son Alaxentiiis, but failing in that Defign, he fled into Gaul to ConJta?it'ine, (the Son of Conjlan- tius lately deceafed) who had married his Daughter. He tampered with that Lady to procure the Death of her Husband, but fhe right- ly prefening the Duty of a Wife to that of a Daughter, dilcovered the Matter to Conjtant'me, who, in his own Defence, having caufed Maximin u Max'im'tan to be flain, he marched into Italy againfl Maxentius, flam bj order ^^ comin2 to a Battel with him under the Walls oi Rome, gave him tine ;•» Gaul, an entire Defeat, whercm Maxentius attempting to get over the Maxertiuj Bridge of Mtlviu;, fell into the River, and was drowned. drowned. Licuitus had married the Sifter of Conftantinc, and being affumed by him his Partner in the Empire, was to have the Eaft for his Di- vifion. Maximm, the Son oiGalerius, beforementioned, being in PofTefTion of thole Countries, marched with a great Army agaiuft Maxiii)in,Si)n Licinius, but by the way died of a fudden Diftcmper, or, as others ^^Gaienus, ^^^^ j^^ ^j^^ Sword ; io that now Conftantlne and Lkhitus were on- ly remaining (for by this time Galer'ins alio was dead) to divide the The Empire Empire between them, of which one pofTelTed the Weft, and the divided be- other the Eaft; and the Helleffont being the common Boundary to fhntine Tnd both, gavc occafion to a Naval War between them. L'lciu'tus, not Licinius. contented with Afia, would alfo have fome footing in Europe, and 'Adrianopie. feized on part oi Thrace, with x\\t Qiixfi^ Adr'ianopolis and ".5)- no^°e'^*"" zantinm ; whereupon Conjiantine repaired with a great Army to »' Salonichi. " Thejfalouica, and reflcd:ing of how great Importance to his Af- fairs it would be, it he could firft make himlelf Mafter of the Streights between Europe and A^a, he gave Orders for afTcmbling all the Ships of Greece, 'Dalmatia, and Illyricum at the Tortus Tiraus in Attica, where accordingly rendezvouled two hundred Gallies of thirty Oars each, and two thoufand Ships of Burthen which might, by fixing on of Beaks, be made fit for War. Licinius, at the lame time, being appreheufive left the Enemy ftiould feize the Bofphorus, Conftantine Tropontis, and Hellefpont, and thereby cut off his Communication 'tnparl'^^u^ with his great Armies in Afia, alio fet about getting ready a Fleer, fight at Sea. and ifTucd out Orders to all his maritime Provinces for that pur- pole. In a Ihort time Thcenicia provided thirty Gallies of three Tire of Oars, -^gypt as many, the People of T>oris and Io7iia fixty, the Cypriots thirty, the People of Caria twenty, the Bithy- nians thirty, and the Africans fifty, And now Raujimodus, King of Chap XVIII. Diffoliition of the Kom.Ef/2pirc. 1 8 1 of the Saurof/iati, croHing the IJler with a great Army, diverted Coiijtaut'ine for a while from his Naval Affairs, who proceeding a- Raufimodus gainft hira, forced him to repais the River, and cloiely puriuing, k;«5 of the gave him an entire Defeat, taking; a sreat Number of Prifoncrs. Sauromati, o- o ' . 13 O .,^1 r- vercome by On his Return to Tbejfalontca^ he gave Orders for the Fleet to Conftantinc. proceed from 'Firiens to the Hellefpont^ where the Enemy's Fleet were by this timC affemblcd under the Command oi AbanUts. Con- Jiatitine's Olficers having particular Regard to the Narrowneis of the Place they were to fight in, drew out only eighty of their I'raall Gallics for their Line of Battel againfl: the numerous Fleet of Lici- nitis, confiftiiig of Gallies all of three Tire of Oars. The Enemy relied wholly on this Advantage of their Superiority of Force, and thought of nothing more than driving Conjt an tine's People before them, while they, on the other hand, luflained the Enemy's Attack in a firm and compadl Order, fearing nothing if they could but lup- port the fiift Charge. This Behaviour of theirs lb broke the Ene- my's Meaiiires, that Conjtantiiies People now became the Affailants, Condantine'; and the Enemy began to retire out of the Hellefpont in Diibrder, f''" o-^'"- whom they vigoroufly charged in that Confufion, Tome on their Li^^j^'j""'^ Broad fide, (bme a ftern, and others a head, without fear now of be- ing furroundcd by lb icattcrcd a Fleet, rho' fo much more numerous. Abantus behaved the whole Day with fingular Courage and Bravery, and frequently rallying his flying Ships, renewed the Battel for a while, but at length Night coming on, the two Fleets were leparated. Conjiantine'% Gallies retired to Elcus, jufl: without the Streight, where lay the reft of the Fleet ; and L'tcinms's K.oAiantmm in the Hellefpont up towards Byzantium. The next D^y Abantus failing out with his Ships as if he would come to another Engagement, found the Coafl; clear, and no Appearance of the Enemy ; but ibon receiving Advice that they lay at Eleits, where they were increafed with thirty Sail more, he began to confider whether he had bed to proceed and at- tack them there, or wait their Motions in the Place where they had fought the Day before. While he was deliberating hereupon, the Wind came up at N. W, and with fuch Violence, that his whole Fleet Lidnius hu was cafl; away upon the Afiatick Shore near Lampfdctis, where pe- ^^'>p^ M »'« " riihcd a hundred and thirty Ships with all the Seamen and Soldiers '"'"'""' on board ; Abantus himfelf with great Difficulty efcaping with on- ly four fmall Veffels into AJia. Thither Licinius alio made a fliift to elcape from Byzautinm., where he was befieged by Conflantine^ who, upon Advice of his Arrival there, put his Troops on board, and lailed over to Chalcedon, from whence he fent part of the Fleet to block up Byzantium by Sea, and prepared to fight Licinius a- ftiore, w ho, having a very great Army, fbon gave Conjianttne an Opportunity of coming to a Battel. Between Chalcedon and an ancient Temple oijuno^ jufl: at the Mouth of the Thracian Bof- and his Army f horns ^ the two Armies met, and Licinius was totally defeated, ^'f^jh^f'"- lofing very great Numbers on the fpot; and tho' he himfelf e- [/jnt^nc."" leaped thence, yet was he foon after taken Prifbner, fent to Thejfa- ^ d. 313. lonica, and fuffered to live a few Days ; but it was dangerous for a Man to be in Being who had once been at the Head of Affairs, in- fomuch 8 2 Naval TranfaBions hefore the, &c. Book II. Licinius put fomuch that Conjiantine foon lent Orders for putting him to Death. " Death. Having fettled the Affairs of AJla, he returned to Byzantium^ the Inhabitants whereof then opening their Gates to him, he not only- received their Submiffion, but forgave them ; and attentively confi- dering the Situation of the Place, began to think it worthy of be- ing the Seat of the Empire; wherefore, rcfolving fo to make it, Conftantine he inclofed a very large Space of Ground to add tb the City, ered- w the Patriarch ot Conflanthiople , having, with great Solemnity, bcflowed his Benedidiion on the Emperor's Fleer, they weighed Anclior from Con fl antinomic, and fell down the Hellefpont to Abydttr, from whence they proceeded to ^ Mcthone ^ Modoa. to join Valerian and Martian^ who had the Government of Grc^r^. Then they fet fail for Sicily, whence they pafTcd over to Africk, wlicre the Troops rcfufing to fight by Sea, they were put aHiorc, and Bcliz,arius in a fhort time xciuce.ACm-t:hagc, 2.\u\ took GHimer and Beiifarius-e-j, his Brother Tzazoii Prilbncrs, whom lie carried in Triumph to Con- \"'^'^^]l '/^ flantinople % ibon after which his Lieutenant Cyrilliis recovered J^^zr- Afnc'k. dinia and Corfica^ as another did Mauritania, with the Cities of ^- '-*• 533- " Septa and Gades. Apolliciaritis alio, another of the General's " Ceuta. Officers, reduced '^ j^emetrins as his Lieutenant, who had formerly commanded under Bclifaritis ; mean while the Goths, under their Kine Totilas, had recovered almolt aW Italy, and were r;>^ Goths rr- 1 /- ■ .. -KT 1- 1 - I 1 I I- I in /T" 1 irr-^ cover creat 1- now beficging "^ Neapolis, which began to be Ibrcly diftrcfil'd. T)e- "art of '^h mctrius hearing of this, had a great Dcfire to relieve it, but not " Nipies. having with him a fufficient Number of Troops, ho caufcd feveral Ships to be laden with Corn, and other Provifions in Sicily, hoping to fright the Enemy, who hearing of an huge Navy, cxpedted a great Army would accompany it. Had he dircdiy made for A^^'^- poUsy he had undoubtedly driven away the Bcficgcrs, and done his Work ; but being afraid to put in there, he failed on for ^l^ortns to f Porto, at gather up Soldiers, who being lately beaten by the Goths, rcfufed ''',' '^"^i'' "^ to follow him agiinfl: Totilas, fo that he was conftraincd either to ftay where he w-as, or undertake the V^cXxz^ oi Reapolis with thofe few he had brought along with him. Chufing the latter Courlc, To- Totihs btau tilas, when he hid notice of his coming, manned out a coufider- '^'^ iioma.i able Number of nimble Frigates, which tailing on him on a fuddcn, c"y?f/ v!j- B b as palis. 1 8 ^ Naval Tra7ifaclio7is fiMe the Book III. as he lay on the Coaft nczr Neapo lis, iurprized and defeated liira, and took, all his Ships, with the Men aboard them, except iiich as at the firft Alarm leap'd into their Boats, amongfl: whom was ^e- metr'ius himlclf. Maxmhms being fairly advanced as lar as Siciljy fat ftill at SjracnJCy afraid of the War ; for though the Coirman- ders '\n Italy, efpecially the Governor oi NeaJ^olis, importuned him to come to their Succour, he ftill wore out the Time, till fearing the Emperor's high Difplcafure, and wearied with the Sollicitations he had from all Parts, he reiolvcd, by flaying behind, to fave one, and to fend the Army to Neapolis under the Command of others. Now was it the Depth of Winter, and the Fleet coming off that Ci- ihe Roman ty, met with a violent Storm, which, raaugre ail the Efforts the lUet jorced Seamen could make, drove them aihore at the Place where the Ene- "mon^tlt' "^y ^^y encamped, who had fo ealy a Game of it, that they funk Coths. Sliips and killed Men as they plealed, without any Refiftance, info- much that but few efcaped, the reft being taken, together with Tie- metrius. Him did Totilas lead with a Rope about his Neck to the Town Wall, where he compelled him to perfuade the Citizens to yield, by telling them that they were to exped: no farther Suc- cours, and that all their Hopes had perilhed with the Navy ; of ^, , • which Truth bein2 too fenfible, they foon after furrendered the Neapolis '^ y-,, ° given up to the irlace. Goths. In this manner did the Roman Affairs in Italy again decline, and Totilas in- Totilas Ihortly after inverted Rome, which had endured the Siege a ■vefts Rome, \ox\^ time, and began to be hard preffed with Famine, when theEm- jv'/fJw /)r P^ror thought it neceffary to fend ^f/i/^rz/.'j' again into Italy, to Reitef. retrieve his Loflcs. Upon his Arrival he found the City would be inevitably taken, unlels he could immediately throw in a Supply of Provifions ; to prevent which Totilas had upon the Tiber, about eleven Miles below Rome, where the Chanel is narrovvcft, laid a Bridge of Planks, at each fide whereof he built wooden Towers, and put good Garrifons in them. Beltfarius, to effed: his Purpoie, fixed two Barks together, upon which he railed a Tower of Wood higher than thofe the Enemy had made at the Bridge, and launched into the Tiber two hundred Pinnaces, the fides whereof were full of Port-holes, out of which they might flioot at them. Aboard thefe Pinnaces he caufed to be put Corn and other Provifions, and in Pofts of Advantage, down the River, placed on either fide thereof g Pono. Horfe and Foot, to hinder any Defigns upon s Tortus, at the Mouth of the Tiber, the only Place in thofe Parts which he had in his Hands, the Defence whereof he committed to Ifaac, with ftridt Orders not to ftir from thence on any account whatfocver, while he himfelf condud;ed the Pinnaces, and caufed the two Barks with the Turret to be towed after, on the top of which he put a little Boat full of Pitch, Rofin, Brimftone, and other combuftible Mat- ters : And that thcfc his Devices might the better fucceed, he fcnc Orders to Rejfas, the Officer who commanded in Rome, to make a general Sally, and alarm the Enemy's Camp : But he, intent on making Advantage of the Corn which had been laid up for the Sol- diers, and therefore unwilling the Siege fliouid yet be raifcd, neg ledcd Ch A p. I . Ktiin of the Rom. Empire. 187 lcd:cd to put tlicle Orders in Execution.- Beitfarins making the bed uelifarius ad- ot his way up the River, found an Iron Chain laid a crols near the "-.V"^ "f '*" Bridge, which alter he had killed ibine and driven away the rcjfl: who mxdz Oppofition, he eafily removed, and pafllng on ro the BricJge, icll prclenrly to work. The Goths from their Towers vahantly de- fcndmg thcmfelves, he caulcd the Barks with the Turret to be row- ed near that Tower, which Hood in the Water by the Way from '^Portns. Then was the Boat full of combuftible SrufT fet on fire, and Ihovcd down juft upon the iaid Tower of the Enemy, which was inftanrly in Flames, and within it were burnt two hundred -^ ^^"''■'' "/■ Goths, together with their Officer, one of the moft valiant of their f' *^°^^ Nation, the Roman Soldiers in the mean time plying fuch as came from the Gothick Camp to the Relief of their Fellows lb warmly, that being amazed at the Accident, they ran all away. They laid Hands on the Bridge, and had fuddenly pulled it down and gotten into Rome without Oppofition, if Ifuac, the Governor oi "Fortus, had not unluckily heard of their Succcis ; who, defirous to have a Share in the Honour, marching out, contrary to his General's Orders, with a hundred Horlb, and charging a Body of the Enemy which lay on the other fide of the River near Ofiia, was taken Prilbner, with all his Men. Upon the firft Notice of whole Defeat, Belifa- rius^ thinking "Partus and all was loft, drew back his Forces in or- der to recover that Place ; which falie Steps in both thele Officers rcnder'd fruitlefs all which had hitherto been done for the 'Kc\[, which afterwards became the Head of a particular Governmcnr, ^''■'°^' a< it continues to this Day. About the lame time Muhavias, ano- ther Emir of Ofman s^ proceeded from ^Egypt with a Fleet of fc- venteen hundred Sail for Cyprus^ and having laid wafte ihat Ifland, Cyprus /a/i landing in Syria., he took up his Quarters at T>amafcus. The next '^'"^^ *-^ '^' Spring he repaired again to Cyprus., and having wholly reduced the ^^"'■'^"*' Ifland to Obedience, failed over to 'Pba-nix, a Port o^ Carta, where lay the Emperor Coriftans with a Fleet, which Mnhavias attacking, gained an entire VicStory, with fuch a prodigious Deftrudion of the thty over- Greeks., that the Sea was faid to be dyed, to a conHderable Diflancc, ""'Z^*^ ^'"- with the Blood of the flain : and the Emperor, in Dilguife, elcaped frcalif."' with Difficulty, in a fmall Boat to Conftantinople. The Conqueror hereupon invaded Rhodes, where he demolillied the celebrated Co- A. D. 654. Inffiis, and thence proceediag towards Sicily, wafled that Ifland with wafie Rhodes Fire and Sword, as he had done leveral of the Cyclades in his Way. '""^ ^"^''y* Hither Olympius the Exarch oi Italy repaired againfl: him, and co- *«t ming to an Engagement at Sea, at length gained the YiCtory, but J^*'/' ""!'■" '' lo bloody a one, and fo dearly boughr, that he landed in the Ifland F.xa"chif\' more like the Vanquiflicd than the Conquerour. "iy. Mnhavias by the Death of Ofman, and his Succeflxtr Aly., beco- ming Caliph, lo confiderably encrcafcd his Power that he rendered the Emperor Conflantine Pogonatus his Tributary ; in the fifth Year ^ -q r of which Prince's Reign, the Saracens coming up with a great Fleet and Army to Conflantinople, they feizcd on all that lay bctwceii the Hebdomum and Cyc labium, two Suburbs of that City ; where- upon Conflantine brought out his Fleet, and they fought every Day t^^' Saraccm from Morning till Night in the Port there. From the Month of ^- fl^^^Jp^^ pril till September they continued their Siege, when defpairing of Conibntinp- Succefs, they departed to, and wintered at Cyzicnm, and in Spring P'<-"- renewed the War. This they continued to do for four Years fiic- ceflUvely ; but at length their Courage being quite fpent, they in great grief retired, having loft: a very great Number of their Men, after which followed the Deftrudlion of their whole Fleer, which was in the Winter Seafon caft away off the * Promontory of ScylUum, ' ci^,""y. called) landed his People, and fettled himfclf there, giving the Name A. D. Spj. of Normandy to Part of the Country, and afTuming the Title of J"? "/j^J",. Duke. About thcfe times there reigned in Norway^ Harold Graa- tU^ m Nor- field, of whom it is related that the Emperor Otho fending a Naval '"^ndy. Force againft him, either to repref's his Piracies, or attempt the Gon^ verfiou oi" his Country to Chriftianity, he advanced with his Fleet to fight them, but before the Battel, facrifieed his two Sons to the Winds and Tempefts, and the Gods of the Sea, whereupon (fay the Norwegian Hiftorians) the Daemons of the Air, pleafed with the impious OfTcring, railed fuch a Storm as entirely defttoyed the Em- ne Emperor peror's Fleet. Otho^ Fleet From this Rollo beforemcntioned fprang a double Race of Nor- jfjj^^ ^ mans, of which one, in the iMedirerranean, pofTefTcd Apulia and Ca- labria; and the other, in the Ocean, the Kingdom of England. Rollo was fiacceeded m the Duchy of Normandy by his Son Willi- Wiiiiam am, firnamed Long/word, who interpofing in the Affairs of the Longfword North, overcame Sueno King of Denmark, and icttled Harold in '^-'"^/^'Jl^ that Kingdom. William w as lucceeded by Richard, who being 3^- mi\. fifted by a great Body of Danes againft Lotbarius \^^\\\^ of France, C c he. 1^4 Naval Tranf actions fincc the Book III. he, when he had no further Occafion for theai, perluadcd them to an Expedition into Spaing to which Purpole he lupphed them with Ships, Arms, and Provifions, and they accordingly laiiing thither, T^£ Normans ^^^ ^^^^ ^'5 Vidtory with fuch Moderation, and fo handfome- 1049. ly treated his Priioners, that he received from the Pope his Apoftoli- Godfrey cal Benediction, and a Confirmation of his Poirelllons in Apulia. Leo ixV'jw'i Godfrey was iiicceeded by Robert Gntfcard, who reduced all Cala- feverai Car- bria, and anncxcd it to his Dominions; at which lime Nicholas U. Robert Guif- ^^^^ Pope, who being engaged in a Quarrel with his Nobles, was ardfucceeds, afilftcd by Robert, whom tor that Service he honoured with thcTi- andconquers tie of Duke oi ApiiUa, and appointed him to command in an Expe- »/4 ^thePofe dition for expelling the Saracens out oi Italy, where they had yet made Duke cj fomc footiug. Bivojia, Sciglio and the neighbouring Towns his Thfsl'ccefres ^^^^^^^ Rogcr took in, while himielf reduced Bifignano, Cofenza^ ofkohenand Martirano, Nicafro, Maja and Canne. his Brothers. At this time Fortuue paved the Way for the Norman Power iu Sicily ; for the People of Meffina, being hard prefTed by the Saracens, begged Aid of Robert Guifcard and Roger Bojfn, to whom they offered to fubmir, if they delivered them from their intuiting Ene- mies. Roger, [ending Bett/jmentes, one of his Officers, to view the Coaft and Country about MeJJina, failed from Regio, and coming to J an Ch A p. 1 1 1. Riiin of the Rom. Empire. 1^5 an Anchor near Melaz,zo, landing his Troops he joined Battel with '^"S" Liats the Saracens, whom having totally defeated, and killed their Ge- ■^'g^^"*'^"^ ncral, he returned triumphantly, laden vyith Spoils, to Reg'io. After a. d. 1060. this ui:h another Fleet he overcame thole People, and plundered ^^ *"'^ '^-"" MeJJlna, forcing Baleancs to retire with his Ships out of the Pore ^f^^^^^^^'^f^r. of that City ; bcfidcs which, he rook Rametta, and leveral other iiiu. Towns in the Plain of Alclazzo, together with Maiiiaclum on the Skirts of McLint Aitna, a Place lately built by Maniaces. Robert Gu'ifcard haftening over to the AfiUtauce of his Brother, came to a Battel with the Saracens^ wherein he gained a complete Vidory, Robert effiih killing ten thoufand of them; which was followed by the Surrender '"^^/"^^j'^"^ of fevcral Ilrong Places. But now DifTcnfions arole between the two 77;.:?;^ naca Brothers, becauic Robert having promiied to the other one half of'" -'t^'ly- Calabria, and all Sicily, had not equally divided the former, but re- tained the greateft part to himfelt, lb that letting alone the Sara- ^^'^ """ ^'^-- cens, they warred againfl: each other, but at length came to an A- 'i^^aretlccn- greement, for Robert being taken Prifoncr, and gcneroufly let at li- ctUd. bcrty, he, to recompenfe that Civility, equally Ihared Calabria with ^ ^' '°'^3- his Brother. Now was Roger again at leilure to purfuc his Dcfigns in Sicily, where he was attended with conflant Succefs, the Saracens flying Roger ^jc^m every where before him, and herein he was aflifted by the Tifans, i'i'^[^N»>- "» who with fevcn Gallies attempted to feize the Port of Palermo, while '" ^' he was to bcficge it by Land : But at the iame time the People of Bari and Tran't, rvvo Towns the Greek Emperors yet poflcfled in Apul'ut, making great Difturbances in that Country, the Siege of Talermo was put off to another Opportunity, and both the Bro- thers repaired to invelt thofe Places, which they took in a iliort time, Uey ndau when returning to 'Palermo, it loon after underwent the lame Fate. I3an fmtia, which was ihortly fol- low'd by a third Engagement between them, off the Ifland Safeno^ wherein \\\^ Venetians were alio again defeated. At length, after the Redudtion of mofl of the maritime Places in Epirus, Livadia and Robert, afier Albania, with Icvcral of the Iflands of Greece and 'Da/mat iay Robert cthersuccefjcs, QifjjQ^y^ dccealed at Santi ^taranta in Epirns, leaving part of A- 'jid'ei his Do- p'ilia, With T^altnat'ia and his foreign Acquifitions, to Boemond, and minions. the reft of his Dominions to Roger ; which Bo'emond, after feveral fignal ^cnatlTDukc SucccfTes againft the Saracens,\vas created Duke ofAntioch. Roger, the e/Antioch. Uucle of thcle, Count of Sicily, refolving to revenge the Deftruc- ^os"'*'^^" tion of N'tcot era, a Sea-Port of Calabria, lately burnt by Benavi- Saracen7FL' '"^^■^ the Saracen General, fet upon their Fleet in the Port of Syra- at Syracui'e., cufe, which hc Utterly deftroyed, killing Benavirns with his own ^^d^ce!^lz% Hand, aud thole of the City driving out the Saracens, opened their ' Gates to the Conqueror, foon after which the reft of Sicily followed their Example. Not latisfied with this Succcfs, he proceeded to andtahesU^X- Malta, then pofTcfled by the Saracens, which he prefently made ta ani Gozo. jjiu,(eif Maftcr of, together with the adjacent Ifland Gozo. Roger was fucceeded by his Son of like Name, as the Duke of Apulia was about the fame time by his Son JVilliam, between A iioody War vvhom thcrc happened a bloody War ; for JVilliam being to marry between the one of the Daughtcrs of the Gr^-^^ Emperor, and lailing to Cou- ^ccefforscf^ jfantinoplc for that purpofe, Roger immediately invaded his Domi- the'Dukeof nions, which, when JVilliam died, he kept PoflcfTion ofi as the Apulia. fole Fleir left of the chief Family of the Normans ; and not con- sln°rr'Roger, '^^"'^ ^^'^^ the Appellation of Count, or Duke, took upon himfelf the takes on him ' Title of King of Italy and Sicily. But the Roman Pontiffs by no the style of ^cans approving his Title of King of Italy, he difcontinued it, and fl»'7 Sicily.^ afllimcd thofe of King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, and Prince of C?- A. D. 1 1 19. pua. He now turned his Thoughts to the enlarging his Dominions^ and, to that purpoie, with a confiderable Fleer, invaded thofe Parts of Barbary oppofite to Sicily, where meeting with great Succeis, He takes feve. Tripoli, and Africa (a Town lb called) together with Sfax and rai Places in Capes , Were in a fliort time furrendered to him, and the King of ^ndt^hliflands Tuuis bccamc his Tributary. When he had alio reduced the Ifland Corfu, Nc- Corfu, and taken the Cities of 7"/:7^^^j- and Corinth, with the Ifland sroponf. of Negroponte, \\c ■^iJXx'^tdLouisN \\ of France, engaged in the Ho- Cor^mh."" ^y ^^'■' ^^^ relcued him out of the Hands of the Saracens, giving the Infidels a great Overthrow at Sea, as well as the Greeks, who Effeauaiiyaf- Were allo at ill Terms with the French. Leaving Louis at Joppa, fifis Lewis he failed to Conftantinople, and ravaged the Suburbs of that City in France. "^"^ Sight of the Emperor Emanuel, but at length coming to a Battel with the Venetian Fleet employed in the AlUftance of the Empe- ror, they were found to be io good a Match for him, that hc w if'"' r^ thought fit to withdraw, and return to Sicily, where dying, he left Sol 'f^ceeds. ^'S Sou JVilliam King of that Ifland and Naples, who getting to- WiUum takes gethet a numerous Fleet, proceeded to ^gypt againft the Saracens, llTuan'thc ^°^ ^°°^ feveral Towns on that aud the ucighbouring Coafts, parti- Grecian F/«r. S Cularly Chap. IV. Riiin of the Rom. Empire. 1 5*7 ticularly the llrong City oi Acre,, or Ttokmais, which he plun- dered. As he was rcrurning from thence, he fell in with the Greek Emperor's Fleet, which he engaged, and, tho' very much inferior in Numbers, took a hundred and Hfcy of their Ships, and then failed triumphantly to Sicily. He was liiccceded by his Son Il^illiam, furnamed the Good, af- Wiiiiam the ter whom reigned Tancred, and another Roger, and then the Em- ^^^cd fucceeds, peror //f/zry VI, who, by the Procurement of Pope Celeftin IH, Tanae'd w married the Princcis CotiJia?itia^ the Heirefs of the Norman Fami- Roger, and ly; in whole Line the Kingdom continued till the Year 1266, when '^ll"^^"^'"-l'{ Charles, Count oi Anjon and 'Provence, having received the In- charieso«n^ vefliture of it from the Pope, difpofTefs'd them. c/Anjouirw^ But the other Race o( Normans, which, as we have obferved, "-^ '^' reigned in England, was of much longer Duration. Robert Duke of Normandy left JVtUiam his natural Son to fucceed in that William fac- Dukedora, who afpiring at greater things, (no lefs than the King- "'^' Robert dom of England) embarked his Army on board a numerous Fleet, maiidy, and with which failing to T^ even fey in Sujfex, he there landed, and gtv- conquers Eng- ing Battel to Harold nc^x Hajiings, gained an entire Vidory, and '^"'^" with it the Crown ; fo that the Affairs of this Branch being now become the fame as thofe of England, they may be more properly treated in another Place. Chap. IV. Of the Naval fVnrs of the Venetians, from the Foimda-^ t'lon of their Repnhlick^ to the Time of the League of Cambray ^ and of their Domnnon of the Adriatick Sea. WE have already, in the firft Book of this Work, mentioned the Building of Venice to have been upon occafion of the Dcvaftarions Aftila, King of the Huns, made in Italy, though we are not ignorant that fome efleera its Foundation to have been fome Years before, upon the more early Irruptions of the barbarous Peo- ple into that Country. However that Matter may be, we find the firfl Naval Effort of the Venetians, after their Settlement, was a- gainll the People of IJiria and T>almatia, whom having worfled rAfVenetians in leveral Skirmifhes at Sea, they forced to quit that Element, and '"^"'' '^< i- betakc thcmfclvcs wholly to the Land. They defeated the People oaf.njtfanl of Tricfle, in the Waters of Caorle, and put to flight 'Pipin Son oi put to flight Charles the Great, with a fort of light and nimble Veffcls they built i'lpm'^ ■F^f^ on purpofe for the Shoals at the bottom of the Adriatick. Soon after which the People of Narenza, in 'Dalmatia, very much in- fefted the Venetians at Sea, and extended their piratical Depreda- tions as far as Caorle ; inlbmuch that "Vrfus 'Farticiacus, upon his A. D. 864. Acccffion to the Ducal Dignity, thought fit to come to a Treaty with them, that he might be more at leifurc to mal^e head againfl the 1^8 Naval Tranf actions fince the Book III. the Saracens ; who failing with their Fleet up the Adriatick to Urfus Puti- Grado, he forced them to retire from thence, and purlbing them as ciacus ^f/cdM far as the Gulph oiTarantOy there came to an Engagement with //?f Saracens, (.j^g^p^ wherein he gave them a fignal Overthrow. The Nareuzajis, being ufcd to a piratical Life, could not long continue quiet, but at- tacked the People oi Ifir'ia^ in Alliance with the Rcpublick, who thereupon fent a Squadron of thirty Gallies to their Affiftance; with which rhe Doge engaging the Nar en zans , he entirely deieated them. It was not long however e'er they put to Sea again, and A. D. SS7. with a flrong Squadron ranging about ihc yldriatick^ Teter Candia- nuSf who was then Doge, iailed in qucfl: of them with twelve Gal- lies, and engaging them on the Coafts of TJahnatia, obtained the Advantage in the beginning of the Fight ; but they being on their own Coafts, and receiving continual Supplies from thence, he was obliged to yield to fuperior Numbers, and at length loft the Battel, T,';eD«j«Can- with his Life. This Victory lb encouraged the Enemy, that they dianusyzw/, befides all other neceftary Care to prevent their Approach, iecured the Entrance of the Port ,1 with a ftrong Boom. \i Scarce were there ever any People at one time involved in fb ma- I ny Diificulties as were now the Venetians, being on one fide infefted % by the NarenzanSf on another by the Saracens, both of ^al' matia., as far as the Frontiers of Albania, he was unanimoufly la- lutcd Duke of 'Dalmatin, and from that time the Doges of Venice have always aflliraed that Title. At the fame rime came Ambaflla- dors from all the Princes and Stares of the neighbouring Countries, to give the Republick their Thanks for freeing the Sea from the Pi- racies Ch a p . I v. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 201 racies and Robberies with which it had, for fome Ages pad, beea intefted, and reftoring the Safety and Security of Commerce. And thus ended the War with the NareJizans^ after it had held, with various Succcls, for about a hundred and fevcnty Years ; for lb long, according to Sabellicus, did the Venetians and that Pcop«e contend for the Dominion of the Adriat'tck. Their City was of vc- T^he Or\g:ne of ry ancient Original, and they thcmfclvcs the true Defccndants of the [^" Naren- oldllljtiaiis, who, under their Queen Tcnta., for fome time aflcrt- iheir prenn- ed their Rights on that Sea againll the Power of the Romans : and f"'" /". '^" they are rcckon'd up by Ttolemy among the People ofDalmatia, and ^/^'Adnauck. placed above the Sinus Rhizon'tctts, upon the River Naron, at the Mouth of which ftands the City Narenza, or Naroiia, as it was anciently called. Taking Advantage of the favourable Situation of rheir City, they ufed, from very ancient Times, to exadt a Duty or Tax from all Ships which navigated the Adriat'tck Sea; which if any rcfulcd ro pay, they were prefently treated as Enemies. This all the neighbouring People looked upon as a downright Robbery, and joined in a Complaint againfl: them to the Senate and People of Rome, as we have bcijrc related. And when the Romans fent their AmbafTadors to Tent a concerning this Affair, ilie defended this Right of her People's by ancient Cuftom. It mud be confefTed, indeed, that, whilfl: the Roman Power prevailed, the Excrcife of this Right was interrupted for fcveral Ages : For it feemed to be beneath the Dignity of the Romans^ amidfl a Series of fuch glorious Vidlories, to ftoop to the exading Toll-Money frona Merchant Ships. But at the Dillblution of that Empire, the Inhabitants relumed the old Trade of their Anceftors, and revived their Pretenfions to thole Rights. After vvhich, when the Venetian Rcpublick began to flou- riih , the Narenzans and they, becoming Rivals to each other at Sea, entered into frequent Difputes about this Duty, which fome- times the Narenzans forced the Venetians to agree to the Payment oi\ and a: other times confented to remit it to them ; and the Vene- tians one while would pleale to pay it, and at another ablblutcly refufe ir, till at length becoming more powerful, they entirely crufli- cd the Narenzans, and reduced them to their Obedience. For fome time after which, there was no mention made of the Exercile of a- ny Dominion in that Sea : But when the Affairs of the Venetians rAfVer.etisns began to be more confirmed, they alTuracd to themfelves that Right ^ZmlL'n 1/ of which they had flripped their Enemies, without any Oppomi- //yfAdiiatjck. on being made to them on that behalf For being not only arrived to a very confiderablc Power, but being alfb very high in the Fa- vour of all the People bordering on the Adriatic/:, upon account of their great Succcifcs againfl the Saracens, that Right they had ac- quired by force of Arms received a Confirmation from the general Confcnt and Authority of the neighbouring Nations : And To that Cuftom being continued, which was fupported by fuch jufl Preten- fions, in procefs of Time it obtained the Validity and Force of a fall and ample Right. Tho, at length, when People began to be rid of their Fears of the Saracens, there were not wanting foipe D d who 202 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book IIL \\'ho ptetended to make Exceptions againfl this Jurifdidlioii : And then the Affair began to be canvafTed nor only among the Vulgar, but it alfo became a Difpute among the Learned, and particularly the Civilians, who argued thcCalc in leveral Treatiles wiictcu there- upon. But that fide always got the better which afTcrrcd to the Ve- uetiatis the Dominion and PofTeflion of xht Adriatic k Sea, and the Hight of exercifing Sovereignty therein : fb that the Venetians, how a days, fupport their Pretcnfions, not only by pleading their Title derived by Right of War from the Narentzans, and by Cu- ftom, founded upon moft equitable Rcalbns, and confirmed by the Confcnt of Chriftendom ; but alio by the declared Opinions of the Learned iu the Laws, and the Authority of Cafes adjudged. In this manner it is that the learned Dr. Ryves deduces the Right of the Venetians to the Dominion of the Gulph of Venice^ which having thus made good, he takes occafion to difcufs that Queftion fo much controverted in his Time, Whether the Sea be capable of Dominion , or not ? In which Difcourle having fully proved the Affirmative by fev'ral curious Arguments, moft of them unthought of by any but himfelf, I jndged it might be inexcufable in me fliould I not afford Place in this Hiftory to ib great an Ornament. 2)r Ryves i« ^^ ^°'' ^^ole, fays he, who affert that the Sea is un capable of Argumtnts to DominioD, aud having particular Proprietors, they forget that Law fro've that the gjvcn by God himfelf; at the Creation of the World, Have Domi- Md7nDomi- ^^on ovcT the Fifl) of the Sea. It will nor be denied then, I fup- «ion. pofe, but that we may have Dominion over the Fifh ; but why not alfb over the Sea which contains them ? For if thefe Words do hot impart to us a Right to the Sea, neither do thole which follow give us any to the Air we breathe in, or the Earth we walk upon. Have 'Dominmiy fays the Creator, over the Fiflj of the Sea, and over the Foil'I of the Air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the Earth. Now no body can doubt but that God, by the the Delivery of thefe things to us, did, as it were by putting the Keys into our Hands, give us the Poffcffion of this earthly Habi- tation. That the Land is fubjedl to private Dominion, and capable of having particular Proprietors, we all very well know : Now the Land and Water make but one Globe, and one and the fame Point of the Univcrfc ; therefore if the Land be capable of Dominion, fb alio is the Sea ; for that which is one and the fame thing cannot be imagined to be fubjeoJfeJfed the Sea which was under him. ' Ven'ienfque hnmenfo hcllua ponto hnminet, © latiiw fub ^eHore poffidet aqitor. ' Flouncing o'er the Main The Monjler comes, and with his ample Train A Jpacious Sea beneath him does pofTcls. And I don'c fee why a Ship itlelf, or the Mafter, who Is as it were, an animating Form to it, may not be fiid to poflcfs the Sea which is under it. But if that Ihould fccm a httle forced, and too far fetched, yet nothing can be plainer than what is faid by IDada- Itis, in the fame Poet, -Terras licet, inqiiit, & midas Objiruat : at caelum certe patct : ibimus iliac : Omnia pofTideat : non poffidet aera Minos. The Land and Sea tho" Minos does poflefs ; The Air is freern and thence FU feek redirefs. So that if Minos, of old, could pofTefs the Sea as well as Landj what Ihould hinder but that the Princes and States of our Times may ule the fame Right, and pofTefs their Seas alio ? Or what, af- ter all, is that way of arguing a notatione nominis, from the Ety- mology of Words, which fome People fo much boaft of? To me it appears not only to be very often deceitful, but always very weak, and moft commonly very ridiculous ; and is nothing but a mere tri- fling with Words and Syllables. For if there be no PofTcfiion with- out the pedis pojitio, the treading with the Foot, pray how comes it to pals that the Greek Language, which is fb rich and fruitful in the Derivation and Compofuion of Words, has found no Term an- fwerable to that Etymology oi pojfejjio ? Certainly Theophilus, that learned Lawyer , who tranflated Jujiinian'% Inflitutcs into Greek, never once renders pojfejjio by •zc-o^Vf 5-ej ;^^ovia wiA-n ; res qua pojfidetiir, -n i^^'y^ot, ny.iTCM ; rei pojfejfor^ o vifJt,o/II/.'(^ ; and laflly, bona jidei poJfeJjiOi (iovicpl^a Yofiyj. The Greeks alio ule another Word for pojjidere, to polTcIs, to wit KJ-'.iraS-cu, but neither has that any relation to tread- ing with the Foot. And who docs not know that both ^i^etv and }ijrj(raS-cu, in their flrid:eft and propercft Scufc, fignify to acquire any thing ? But becaufe what we acquire \vc do moll commonly al- io 2 o8 Naval Tranf anions fince the Book III. fo pofTcfs, they are applied to exprefs both thofe Ads of acquiring and polTefliug. Seeing therefore that Minos ^ and other Princes could acquire the Dominion of the Sea, they may, with great Pro- priety of Speech, be faid alfo to have pofTclTed the Sea icielf. But, as I take it, the main Strels of the Difpute docs not lie here, but rather upon this Point, whether there be any fach Commercium of the Sea, that is, whether it is capable of being ib exchanged or transferred, that a Right, or Title, that is to fay, a Caufe of pof- fefllng, may, by any Colour or Pretence, be pleaded and made out to it. Which, why we fliould make any doubt of, I fee no Rea- fon ; cfpecially if we have any manner of Regard for the Poets. Let us hear therefore, if you pleafe, from Virgil, how Neptune, one of the Sons of Saturn, King of Crete, defends his Right a- gainft Molus, and in a mighty Heat affirms, Hon llll imperinm pelagi, favwnque trideutem, Sed mihi forte datum. ■ The Realms of Ocean and the Fields of Air Are mine, not his ; by fatal Lot to me The liquid Empire fell, and Trident of the Sea. Mr. Dryden. So that, we find, the Dominion of the Sea (that of Crete for exam- ple, or any other) could be given by Lm ; why may it not there- fore as well be made over by Donation, bequeathed by Teftament, or transferr'd by any other Title from one to another ? But thefe, you'll fayi, are Fables : I don't deny it. Yet they fufficicntly ihew that it is not abfurd, nor contrary to Reafon, to lay that the Sea is capable of the Commercium, and that it may be poflefTed, or made over, by virtue of a Title. For Commerce is faid to be of all thoie things which can be applied to the Ulc of Man, be fubjcdcd to Do- minion, be brought into Obligation, or be acquired and alienated, all things of that Nature being liable to be transferred. And the Sea, as appears by the foregoing Example, being of that kind, no body can deny but it is capable of Commerce alio. Grotius further fays, that, by the La-jj of Nations, any one Peo- ple has a Right to trade with any other which they can come at by the help of Shipping. This I can by no means agree to : For fup- pofc any People at this time (as we know feveral did of old, and that for very juft Caufes) Ihould prohibit all foreign Merchants from coming among them, may they, by the Law of Nation?, be com- pelled, againft their Will, to admit them ? So far from that, that a- mong the Romans (who were certainly not ignorant of the Law of Nations) if any Peribn came from a foreign Country, between which and them there was no Friendlhip nor Treaty fubfifting, and with which they had no Intercourfe, fuch Perfon immediately became a Slave, and if any Roman fell into the Hands of the People of any iuch other Country as beforementioned, he was by the Roman Law looked upon as their Slave, and excluded from the Rights of a Ci- » tizen. I Chap. I V. Kitin of the Rom. Empire. 2 o^ tizcn, as is cxprclTly faid by 'Fomponius in the IDigefl^ I. 5-. §. In j^ace. Tit. T)e captivis, ^ fojtliminio. It is uot lawful therefore for Strangers to go and vifit any Country they pleaie, without the Confent of the Prince or PofTcHbrs of fuch Country, neither for the lake of Trading, nor on any other account whatfocver. Now if it be not lawful, without our Confent, to fct fcot upon our Land, neither is it fo to fail in our Sea, nor even to breathe iii our Air, without our Confent. For all thole things, tho' they are free and open to our Friends, Allies, and thofe with whom we have Inter- courle ; they are not fo to our Enemies and to Strangers, except our Leave and Confent be firft obtained : much lefs is it allowable for them to occupy our Coafts, to dry Nets, to take Filh in our Sea, or being taken, to fait or dry them upon our Shores, unlels it be fo (tipulatcd by fome Article of Peace, or Treaty of Agreement. Who is there that does not fee,' therefore, how much thele kind of Speeche?, The Sea is free to fail upon ; It is common to all ; It cannot be comprized within Boundaries ; It is incapable of 'Domi- nion or Commerce ; It cannot be pojjejfed, and the like ; Who is there, I fay, that does uot fee how much they relembic the Sayings of the Levellers, who are for a Community in all things, if they were uot coined in the fame Mine ? As if, by fuch Jelling, rather than Argument, the Venetians would fuffcr themfelves to be difpofTelTed of the /Jdriatick Gulph, the King of DeJimark of his Streight of the Sound, or our mod gracious Sovereign of the Britijh Seas, which they have fo long been in PofTcfiTion of: Or, as if thele were the firft who claimed Dominion of certain Seas, and there were not Precedents of the like in all Ages. For the Cretans, Ly- diatis^ Thracians, Athenians, Lacedemonians , Rhodians, Fheeni- cians, ^gyptianSy Carthaginians, and very many others have in their Turns (as we have already Icen) one while held the Dominion of the Sea, and another lofl: it again. And whofoever is polTeflcd of the Dominion of a Sea does pofTels every thing therein, in fuch manner as that it is not lawful for another, without his Conlent, to meddle with any thing in fuch Sea, nor come upon it, any more than it would be to do fo on the Land ; as is plain from the Beha- viour of all thofe People in their Turns, and from many other In- flanccs in this Hiftory. So the Romans, upon the Conclufion of the fccond Tunic War, obliged the Carthaginians to keep no more than fuch a certain Number of Ships of War; in which Circumftancc they no fboncr found the Carthaginians had once tranlgreHcd, but they immediately began a third War againft them, which ended not but with the Deflruition of Carthage. In like manner they obliged ^«- tiochus. King oi Syria, not to come on this fide the Promontory Caly- cadniis with more than one Ship of War, and that only in cafe of fending Tribute or Ambafliidors to Rome : By complying with which Terms, that great Monarch of the Eaft owned his Conquerors, the Romans^ to be no Icfs Lords of the Sea than of the Land. But thefe things, you will fay, might perhaps be done in the Mediter- ranean, wherea"; in the Ocean the Cafe is different. And yet the Emperor Claudius fubdued the Ocean itfelf, as Seneca tells us E e in - - -II .... *--■■— fj^ 2 1 o Naval TranfaBions fwce the Book IIL in his Apocolocynthojis y whofe Words I ihall fet down ; -Ille Britannos Vltra noti littora fofit't, ^ cwruleos Cute Brigantes, dare Romtileis colla catenis JuJJtt, tS ipfum nova Romana jura fccuris Tremere Oceanum. The Britains feated on the diftant Main, And the Brigantes iju'ith their fainted Skins, He forc'd to yield to Romc'j Imperial Toisj'r ; Nor could the Ocean's felf efcafe his Toak, But trembles JliU at its ncjv La'jus and Majlers. This is fo full and plain, that it will be almoft necdlefs for me to mention Conjiantim Chlorus^ the Father of Conjlantine the Great, who, after his Vid:ory at Sea over the Francksy and his de- feating oiCarauJiusy is faid hy En demus, in his Panegyrick upon him, to have added to the Empire another Element greater than the Earthy thereby meaning the Ocean. Not that it is to be liip- pofed that, by this Suecels, the univerfal Mafs of Waters, or the whole Atlantick, or the great Southern, and Eaftern Oceans, were ftibje(fled to the Romans, (for much the greater part of them they knew nothing of) but only that Confiantius, by fuch a fignal Vic- tory, had fubdued and made their own all that part of the Ocean bordering upon the Empire : For liich Exprcflions 3S thelc in Au- thors are to be taken, as we fay, with Grains of Allowance. Not % even in the Gofpel itfclf, you read that there "went out a 'De- cree from Ciciar Auguftus , that all the World fhould be taxed ; are you to underftand it of the Ba^friaus, the Sogdians, or 'Par- thiansy or any other People without the Pale of the Empire , but only of the Roman World. With what Right therefore Conftantim iubjedted to the Roman Empire all that part of the Ocean on the Coafts of Africk, Spain, Gan£, Germany, and Britain, by the fame Right do the Kings of England, with refpedt to the Britijh Seas, and the Kings of T)enmark, with relped' to the Sound, aflcrt the Dominion of them to belong to them and their Crowns. And that, in fo doing, they may not be accufcd of adling by Force rather ' than Right, pray hear what that mod profound Lawyer Baldus fays Bald ad 1 1 "pon the whole Matter. In mari jurifdi6iio ejl (Ictit in terra. Tit. de Re- Nam mare in terra, i. e. in. alveo fiio fundatum eft, qiium terra fit rum divi- inferior fphara. That is, " There is a Jurifdidtion upon the Sea, *' as, well as on the Land. For the Sea is placed in the Land as in " its Bed, the Earth being the lowermofl: Element." And farthet he fays, Videmus de jure gentium in mari cjje Regna diftin^a fi- cut in aridd terra : ergo tsjus civile, i. e. prafcriptio, illud idem poteji operari. Et hac prafcriptio quandoque aufertur alteri: fed quum applicatiir alteri, ita quod alii non aufertur if a eft con- fuetudo ; ^ fie Venetiarum ® jantienfium Rejpubiica fna maria difiinrta ex inveteratijjimd confuetudine habevT. Sed num quid hoe Chap. IV. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 2 1 1 hoc pratexlu navigantibns per tpforitm ?nare, pojfunt imponere gabellas, & conffcare merces, inconfulto Triiicipe? That is, " Wc *' lee that by the Law of Nations there arc diftincSl Kingdoms on •' the Sea, as well as the Land, and therefore by the Civil Law, " that is, by Prcfcription, there may be fo too. And this Prcfcrip- " tion is lometimes taken from another: but when it is applied to " one without having been taken from another, it is thcnCuftom: " And thus the Venetians and Genoefe., by mod ancient Cuftom, " have each their difliiid: Seas. But whether or no may they up- " on this Account inipofe Taxes on thofe who fail therein, and " confitcate their Merchandizes, without coululring the Emperor?" Which Qiiedion of his own he anfwers in the Affirmative, and for this Realbn, ^lia totm mnndits hoc jure ntitrir; " Bccaiii'e all the " World ulcs this Right." And after this, he lays, M'lnime mu- tanda I'identur qua confuetnd'inem cert am fcmper habtiernnt. That is, " Thole things by no means ought to be changed which have " been eflabhllicd by cerrain Cuftom." Thus you lee. Reader, how this great Or.Klc of the Law gives a full Anlvver to ail the Cavils of our Gainlayers : and that Jurifdidlion, Dominion, Commerce, (that is, a Right of transferring Dominion, either by Preicription, Cuftom, or any other Title) and diftmCt Limits and Boundaries, may be hid and held, not only by the Emperors, but by other Kings and Commonwealths, upon the Sea as well as the Land, and that not by Force, but by Right, and by the Civil Law, as well as the Law of Nations. But fome of our Adverfaries will alledge, that the Law itfelf dif^ claims all Dominion upon the Sea, as well the Mediterranean as the Ocean. And if I ask, What Law ? They will anlwer. That given by the Emperor Antoninus Tins, as it ftands in the Digefl: : Ego l. 'aIiW;?. quidem mundi dominus, lex antem maris. Lege id Rhodid qua de p.'S- 1^ ^^se rehiis nauticis prafcripta eft., judicettir. That is, " I am, indeed, '° '''" *' Lord of the World, but the Law is of the Sea. Let that Matter " be judged by the Rbodian Law concerning Sea Affairs." But I reply that that Rcfcript, which was made in Greek., and is alfo fee down in the fame Place in that Languar,e, is falfificd by the fore- going Latin Tranflation of it. The Greek Words are, '"E.yu (^ J" XOi-^ttj^ ;cu^(^, ''^ vofA.(^ T? 3-ciAa,os-/ig tZ vcficfi r 'Voolcov x.fj.vi.S'co tS vcujJuM. Now here, pray, what Word is there anlwerable to the id (that mar-^er) in the Lat in Xr^inflitionl Certainly none. Therefore if we will leave that Word our, it will plainly appear that Mr. Se/- den's Opinion about the falle Pointing in the Greek Text, may pals for an Oracle ; for inftead of a full Stop after B-uXdosrig, as moft of the printed Books have it, he reads it as I have let it down above. And then, agreeable thereto, the Latin will ftand thus. Ego qui- dem mundi domlnus : Lex autem maris lege Rhodid qua de nau- ticis prafcripta eft, judicetur. That is, " I am, indeed. Lord of " the World : but let the Rights of the Sea be judged by xhc Rho- " dian Law concerning Sea Affairs." And this the learned 'Diony- Jius Gothofredus, in his excellent Annotations upon that Place, feeras firft to have perceived, when he tells us, that the Senfe of this Law E e 1 is 2 1 2 Naval TraiifaBions fince the Book III. | C is no other than as if it had been faid, TheTr'mce him/elf is indeed Lord of the Worlds or Earth ; but the Rights of the Sea /hall be determined from the Rhodian La'-j^j. And James Gothofredus, the worthy Succcflor to his Father's great Reputation in the Law, in his Hypomnema de "Dominio Maris, plainly ihcws the Falficy of the vulgar Pointing of this Place, and that his Father was the firft who obfervcd it. It is ridiculous therefore to iay the Emperor dii- claims the Dominion of the Sea by this Refcript : and it is moft certain that the Rhodian Law never did, nor pofTibly could, enadt that he Ihould. Thus far the learned Dr. Ryves. From which ingenious DifTertation of his, and what has been faid in the firft Book upon this Subjed;, I don't doubt but my Reader is fully con- vinced that the Sea is capable of Dominion, and he will, perhaps, wonder that any one fliould ever have been fo hardy as to deny it. And now, from this long DigrelTion, to return to the Venetian Story. From the time of the Doge Teter Urfeolus there fell out nothing remarkable (except the quelling a Rebellion in T>almatia by his Son and SuccefTor Otho, and fome Civil DiHenfions which happened un- der the three following Doges) till "Dominicus Sylvius came to the Chair, who at the Sollicitation of Nicephorus, Emperor of the Eaft, whofe Daughter he had married, made War on Robert Count of ^- pulia, whom he defeated in a great Sea Fight off' 'Durazzo, but vius beati]he being worftcd by him in a fecond Battel, he loft his Reputation, and Count of A- was depofed. "^^furwarL " -^""^ "°^^ ^^^ Vcnctians turning their Arms towards Afia^ defeat- deftated by cd the Tifans off" Rhodes, took the City of Smirna, laid wafte the him, and de- Coafts of ThcBnicia, feized Faramida on the Coaft of yEgypt, and xieVenetians made themfelves Matters o^Sidon, Tyre, and'Ptolemais, fmking and beat the Pi- dcftroyjug great Numbers of the Ships of the Infidels : For which T-"^' ""s^a"*' good Services Baldwin., King of Jeriifalem, granted large Privile- o-c. ' ' ges to the Venetians for their Trade in thole Countries. After this Daimatin re- the Tialmattans rifing in Rebellion, were reduced to Obedience, and dttced and Croatia annexed to the Rcpublick, at which time the Dukes of Ve- nlxeduWe- '*'^^ added to their other Titles that of Prince of Croatia. Thele nice. SuccefTes were Ibllowed by a memorable Expedition into Syria un- A. D. inc. der T>ominicHS Michael, then Doge, who, with a Fleet of two hun- dred Sail, undertook to remove the Saracens from the Siege of The Do e de- J^TP^* which he bravely effedied, with the entire Deftrudtion of jjroyj the Sa- their Flcet which lay before the Place. In his way home, laden with raccn vhet at x\-\z Spoils of the lufidcls, he took from the Emperor Emanuel, who ^ta^l}rom E- ^ad declared War againft him, the Iflands of Scio, Samo, Metelin, manuei Scio, Andri, and others, in the Archipelago, and after ravaging the Coafts Samo, Me- ^f Qfeece, returned triumphantly to Venice. ' ^ Teter 'Folani fuccceding him in the Governmcnr, put his Brother ■ ' ^ " and one of his Sons at the Head of the Fleet, who not only defeat- TA«Venetians cd Roger King of Sicily, but iubdued the Ifland of Corfu ; and War defeat Rcger being now declared againft Emanuel, Emperor of Conflantinople, jf»»^o/Sici- fpj. [^[^ij^o- ^Qj^c Towns from them in T>almatia, they ibon reco- ly at Sea, ana . ^-^ ^ ir»/^ i- f>- take Corfu, vcicd Traw and Ragufa, and iuddenly invading ocio again, totally reduced Chap. I V. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 2 1 3 reduced that Ifland, from whence they proceeded to Meteliri, thence J*"> great to Stalimene, and ScyrOy all which they iubducd. Vitalis Michael "''"f'nfnfl 1 w-x -.A^i-i /-i^-i^ '«f Greeks. becoming Doge, in three Months time there were nttcd ror the Sea a hundred Gallics, and twenty Ships of War againft the Emperor Emanuel., in which Expedition mofl: of the Seamen being poiibncd Venetian sm- by the Fraud of the Enemy, the People uniuftly alcribed it to their """ M"'"aminion of this Sea by Right of Con- quejf, and that as the Wife is fkbje£t to her Husband, fo is that to the Republick of Venice. And accordingly the Ceremony of marrying the Sea, by throwing in of a Gold Ring, is performed e- very Year, with great Solemnity, on Alcenfion Day. Some time after this the People oi Zara rebelled againft the Ve- netians, who no fooner approached the neighbouring Iflands, which had done the fame, than they lubmitted again ; but that Place being well fortified, and lupported by the Pirates of the Adriatick, main- tained the War againft them Ibme Years, until a Fleet of forty five Zara u forced Sail being built to reduce them to Obedience, of which twenty five '" M^i/ to were Gallies, the reft Ships of Burthen, Renier Zejio, who was ap- ^"'"* pointed to command them, repaired to T>almatia, and at length forced -^^r« to furrender. About the fame time the People oiPifa being come to an open Rupture with the Venetians, fuddcniy furprized Pola, a City o'i IJiria, Tributary to them,; whereupon they fitting out a Fleet often Gallics, and fix Ships of Burthen, foon made them- felves Mafters of the Place, and burnt all the Pifan Ships which riey beat the lay there. The Town being diimantled alfo, that fo it might not ''.''^"'' f""^ any more prove a Receptacle for the Enemy, the Venetians pro- Po^"^" ceeded to Alodon, in order to meet with a Fleet of Tifan Merchant Ships there, thole which could efcape from '^Pola having repaired thither to proted: them ; and ofl' that Place coming to an Engage- ment, they worftcd the Tifans, and took two of the Merchant Ships. Now was the Reputation of the ^cw^mz/j arrived to a great height, and as on the one hand the French and Germans follicited Ships ri.e Aid of of them to tranfport their Troops to Syria, lb on the other Alexius Venice defir- Jnnior begged their Aid againft his Vnclc Alexius, who had trea- {-jcnch and cheroufly ulurped the Empire of the Eaft. They undertaking his Germans.an,^ Support, feized Conjlatttinople, and burnt the Enemy's Ships ^"''"^ ^''^''"' in the F^arbour; but finding thcmfelves neverthelefs pcrfidi- "upj. oufly treated by Alexius, they and the French divided the Em- pire T/'sVenetians and French divide the Creek Em- pire. 214 ' Naval Tranfaciions fince the Book III. pire between them, the latter having allotted to them Coji- Jiafitinople , Romania, Macedonia, ^nd Greece, and the others Caudia, with all the Iflands of the Archipelago and Ionian Sea. Thefe Acquifuions were fo numeroiT^, that the Publick. was at a Lois- not only how to maintain, but even to get Poflfeflion of fome of them ; wherefore a Law was made that whatever pri- vate Perfons, either Citizens or Allies, would repair to any of thofe Iflands, late belonging to the Greek Emperors, they Ihould for ever enjoy Tuch Shares of them as each Perlon could acquire ; where- upon numerous Adventurers undertaking this Service, turned out the prci'ent PofTcflors, and fettled themielves and Families in their room, whereby the Iflands were lecured to the Republick, which was no lels engaged in providing for the Settlement and Security of thofe of greater Conlequence. A Fleet of thirty Sail was fitted out under the Command of Renter 'Daudolo, and Roger Termarino, who had no fooner got out of the Gulph, than they were met by Leo Vetrani, a famous Genoefe Captain, with nine Gallies, whom they defeated, took him Priloncr, and prefently reducing Corfu, that had rebelled, hanged him in that Ifiand ; from whence proceeding they feized Modon and Coroii, then two Nefts of Pirates ; fo that having the Sea thus open, they advanced to take PoflclTion of the Iflands. M. T^andolo and James Viadri jointly attacked and made them- felves Mafl:ers of Gallipoli , on the Hellefpont. M. Sanntus, and others, reduced Nicfia, Tario, Milo, and Andri ; as Rabafius Carcerius did the Ifland and Gulph of Negroponte. Andrew and Henry Glajii fubdued Tina, Micone, Scyro, Policandro, and Sta- limene. In the mean time Henry Tifcafor, Governor of the South Parts of the Morea, afllftcd by a Fleet of Genoefe, made an attempt f",\'^fjll^l^ to drive the Venetians out of Candia, but Renier, the Venetian //ieVenetians! Admiral, repulfing him, funk four of the Genoefe Ships ; and foon after a flrong Reinforcement was fent to Candia to keep the Greeks in order. The Genoefe now fcouring the Seas, John Trevifano was fent a- gainft them with a Squadron of nine Gallies, who o^Trapani, on the Coaft of Sicily , took t\\ clve of their Ships ; which fo hum- bled them, that they fiied for a Peace, which was granted. A flrong Reinforcement was fent to Corfu, the better to fecure that Ifland, but under the Notion of defending the Inhabitants againfl the Enemy : And there being reafon to apprehend fome Difturbances in Candia, a con fidcrable Body of Troops was alfo fent thither. Hence the War was removed toward the Streights oi Conjiantinople, in the Port of which City Z^-o Cavala, Admiral of the Greek Fleet, was ■The Greeks beaten and put to flight, having four and twenty Gallies either funk Conftancmo''-' ^l" ^^^^°- ^^^^"^ ^^''^ John Michael, a Venetian, Praetor of Confan- pie. ' tinople , went out with fixteen Gallies, which lay in the Port for the Defence of that Place, againfl John Vatazi, who came to be- fiege it with twenty five Gallies ; and they coming to an Engage- ment, the Venetians taking ten, forced the refl to retire, and leave the Sea open to the Citizens. ? Not The Veneti- ans beat the Genoefe at Sea, and take ma ny places. The Genoefe heat en, fue for Peace. ■ ••" " ' ' — ; — ^ — ■ — Chap IV. Ruin of the Rom. Evrphr. 2 1 5 Not long after, the Quarrel with the Genoefe broke out again on ^''^ "'"'■ "- this occafion. All the Nations of Ghriftcndom which were engaeed Jrf^lvt",-,. in the Holy war, after the taking o{Ttolemais, ox Acre, from the and. Gtrr.oa. InfidcLs iharcd that City araongft them, each having a fcparate Di- vifion ; and thole of the Veitetians and Geiioefe lying contiguou?, rhcy had but one Church between them, the Ule of which gave oc- cafion for a mutual Emulation and Hatred, which at lengtli came ro a War. The Genoefe took their Opportunity to feizc the Church, and fortified it like a Caflle, which the Venetians highly refcnting, they brought out thirteen Gallics from Tyre, aud under the Com- mand of Laurence T'lepoh, coming before Acre, forced the Chain which lay a crols the Harbour, broke in, and fcizcd three and twen- ^^'* Cennefe ty Merchant Ships, with two Gallies oi Genoa which lay there ; {^^ajj" ^^ and having plundered them of their Merchandize, and taken out the Naval Stores, they {a fire to them ; and then recovering the Church, rifled the very Sepulchres of the Genoefe; who, provoked with A. 0.115*;. this Lofs, manned out forty Gallies, and ten Saet'td's, wirh which they engaged iht Venetians oiTAcre; but the}', being afilfled by the Tifaiis, came off Conquerors, and the Genoefe having loft five anibfe [eve- and twenty Gallies, with great Numbers of Men, ignominioufly re- '^"' '''''''"• treated to 73'^r. The following Year ^Venetian Ship, called the Lion, manned with two hundred Seamen, and a hundred Soldiers, accompanied with two fmall Gallics, was attacked near Tencdos by twenty Vefilils belonging to Genoa, which the Venetians dealt with lb well, that they forced them alt to retire towards Ccnflantinoplc : and this fame Year it was that Michael TaUologm defeating Bald- M'chael Pa- 'Ci'in II, and the French, recovered the Empire of the Eafl into the cf^° "/"/'/*' Hands of the Greeks. Greek nmpire After this the Senate committed a Number of Gallic s to James "f'l^^^fi- IDandolo, for the Defence of "Dalmatia, with Orders, if he found it for the Service of the Rcpublick, to increafc them, as he faw oc- cafion, with others which were to attend the Illands. He accord- ingly taking from Zara three, and being joined by as many from Caudia, four from Negroponte, and ten from Ragiifa, commanded ^''^^/j""^^^' by Gradenigo, failed toward Sicily, where, o^ Mar fa la, he funk three Genoefe Gallies commanded by Lanfranc de Bourbon. Thence A. D. 1166. proceeding to Trapani, he fell in with twenty eight Sail more, with which he came to a Battel, which was fought with great Obftinacy on both fides, the Genoefe chufing rather to die than yield ; but two thoufand five hundred of them were faved by the Mercy of the Conqueror, after no lefs than twelve hundred had been flain, and as many drowned. Four Ships were funk in the Engagement, and twenty four taken, which the Venetians fent to Modon for the Se- curity of the Coaft thereabouts ; and foon after they fitted out an- other Fleet of fixty fix Sail under the Command of Roger Morofni, to infeft the Genoefe in the Black Sea, where they managed a great Trade, and had ibveral Colonies. Tera, one of the Suburbs of rtfVcnetians Conjiantinople, was then pofTcfixd by them, together with Fo- pochiaVec- chia-Vecchia in Natolia, both which Places, then very rich, the Ve- chu from tki X netians <2eno£fe. 2 1 6 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. iiettans burnt and deflroycd ; ' to revenge which, the Genoefe fitted but are defeat- out a coufidcrable Fleet, and defeated zhc Ve tie ti an s in two Engagc- td at Sea, nicuts, firft ofF Corfji, and afterwards in the Entrance of the 'i)ar- danels. After thcle Victories the Genoefe fcouring the Gulph of Ve- nice without Conrroul, the Senate was in a Confteruation, and be- and in fear gan to be afraid of their City ; infomuch that they kt about repair- ftr their city, jpa and enlarging their old Arfenal, caufnig ic to be inclofcd with a Wall, and, letting all Hands at work on building Ships and Gallies, filled the Magazines with Naval Stores. The Mariners About this time was made a noble Difcovery of great Importance compafs in- j.^ Navigation, and the Service of Mankind, I mean that of theMa- ciw"e» i?r A- rincr's Compals, which was now invented 2X. Amalfi, a Sea- Port in maifi. the Kingdom of Naples ; which (tho' the Venetians had no Hand A. D. 1301. jhgjgjQ-) I mention here, becaufe it happened in Ita/y, and their Af- fairs ate the firfl which bring us fo forward as the Time when it did. But the Perfon to whom the World is obliged for this fine In- vention is involved in fuch Obfcurity, that we know not under what Name to record his Memory, and pay him the Tribute of our Thanks; iotnc calling him Flavio ot'j^ma If, others John Goja, or Gioia, and others Flavlo Gira Whatlbcver his Name was, he was a Citizen oi Amalfi., who firft found out, whether by Chance or Study, is uncertain, that the Load ftone, like another little World, had its Poles and Axis; its Poles converted to the Poles, and its Axis parallel to the Axis of the World : and that (bcfides drawing Iron and Steel to it, and communicating to them the Power of do- ing the like, which the Ancients knew) it could alfo, by its Touch, caufe thole Metals to partake of that Quality, fo that a Needle be- ing touched therewith, and duly poiled on a perpendicular Pin, would always lie in a Meridian Line, and point to the Poles of the World. And to this curious Contrivance it is that we owe the Na- vigation to ///rf'/-*, and the Difcovery oi America., (both which hap- pened in the fucceeding Age) and all the other numerous Advan- tages which attend the Safety and Certainty of failing. The Venetians had now a declared War not only with the Genoefe but the Turksy fo that a Fleet was fet out under the Command of Teter Zeno, who failing to Syria, funk feveral of the Enemy's Ships, fecured the Coafts from the Infidels, and advancing to Smyr- Thty take ua, uot Only took that Place, but put to Death mod of the Inhabi- Smyrna, tants, and placed a flrong Garrifon in it. A Squadron at the fame time was committed to M. Rucinius againft the Genoefe, with which re- pairing to Carijlo in Negroponte, where lay the Enemy with four- and ten Qt- tccn Sail, he attacked them, and took ten, with the Admiral who noefe GaiUei. commanded them, as alio fevcnty Genoefe Noblemen, and great Tnra'iX^.'^' Numbcrs of Prifoners of Icfs Note, which Victory the Senate looked upon to be of fo great Importance, that they ordered the Day on which it was obtained to be kept for an annual Feftival. They \avetTe°Ad- ^crc aided in this War by the Greeks, ^'Pifans, and the King o'i Ar- ■vantage at ragon, whofc United Fleet was beaten by the Genoefe in the Streights Sea, but foon j- Qonftantiuoplc, but they foon revenged that Dilgrace in a Battel after are over- J j. ' j o o With iomc. Chap. IV. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 217 with them o^Cagliari in Sardinia, where, after a bloody and ob- flinatc Dilpute, wherein they fought hand to hand as if they had been alliore, Grimaldiy the Genoefe A(\mui.\y betook himlelf to flight with two or three Ships, having loft no ids than one and for- ty Sail, cither (iink or taken. The Spirits of the Genoeje were fo broken wirh this Defeat, that they lubmirtcd themiclves to '^john Duke of Milan, upon Condition he would defend them againit the rhe-^ fubmit Venetians and Art^agonefe ; {o much dearer to them was their Re- " '/'^ °''^' "f vcnge than their Liberty : But having foon after gained fome Ad- ""^^^ vantages over the Venetians., and being weary of their Subjediion, "re foon wea- they (truck up a Peace with them, and threw off the Government '"^ "^ ^" '"'" ot the Duke or Milan. When Laurence Celfi wzs Doge, Candia revolted, onoccafion of A. d, 1361. a Tax irapolcd upon the Inhabitants, the Infiirrcdion being begun ^3'"l'» "t- by fome of the Venetians therafelves which were there lerrlcd ; but "Zic^'but i^' the iHand was loon reduced to Obedience by Bnchinus Vermius of rtiuud. Verona Then was the War renewed with the Genoefe for the Ifland of Tenedo, which the Venetians had lately feized, and this Afifair brought the Republick to the Brink of Dcftrud:ion; for being beaten x^f Venetians in an Engagement offPola; Htmago, Grado, Caorlc, and Chiozza ^"'«" "/"/ were fcizcd by the Enemy, and they fought almofl in the Streets cenueiic/' of the City; which, i'i ViBor 'Pifani (whom they brought out of Prifon, and made General of the Gulph) had not ftrenuoufly defend- ed, would certainly have fallen into the Enemy's Hands, being juft ready to liirrcndcr. But refuming Courage, they defeated Lotiis Fiefqne, the Genoefe Admiral, ofTCape d' Anzo, whom they took The-^ heat the Prilbner ; and lecuring the Avenues to their City by finking Ships, /^^^"°^'^' ""'' laying Chains a-crofs, and placing ftrong Garrifons in the adjacent tnc-^e their Iflands, they began to retrieve their Affairs. Forty Gallies were fit- ^ifain. ted out under the Command oi Andrew Contarini, then Doge ; and that the Men might be ulcd to the Sea, and exercilcd before they went againfl: the Enemy, the Fleet was rowed every Day from the 'Jews Quarter to St. Nicholas Church. It was of great Service to the Republick at this time that the Senate made a Law, that out of the Number of fijch Families as Ihould contribute to fupplying the Fleet or Army, either with Men, Money, or Provifions, thirty fliould be cholen into the Nobility, and that iuch of them on whom Pnconrage the Lot happened not to fall Ihould have the yearly Income of five ^f%L^"^'^,f^ thouland Crowns ; for above fixty Families lublcribed great Sums state -uith of Money toward the publick Service. While thefe things were do- ^''" ""'^ ^o- ing, Charles Zeno was expeded home with the Fleet which was on "'^' foreign Service, in which Expedition he took a Fleet of Genoefe The Genoefe Corn-Vefiels in Sicily, and on the Coaft o^ Italy funk Icveral Met- Mf" "' ^"• chant Ships, feized three Saetias richly laden, and laid wafte all the Country from 'Porto-Spezza to Genoa. O^Tencdo he took a Neapolitan Saetia trading on the Enemy's Account ; in fight of Rhodes made hinifelf Mafter of two Genoeje Ships, and as many off Cyprus, where he received Orders to repair home to the Relief of his Country. While he was on his way, Vt£ior Tifani, with an- F f other 5.1 rhe Genoefe heaieu, and Dona their AdmiraL flam. A. D. 1379- Great Ord- nance fufpofed to he firfi u- fed. 2 1 8 Naval Tranf anions fince the Book III. other Fleet, fell down to the Port of Brondolo^ who maintained his Station there as well as t\\Q Getioefe \ zndZeMO, on his Arrival, be- ing fent to liipport him, broke the Chain the Enemy had laid acroli; a Streight to defend thcmlclves, and funk two Ships of Burthen there, to hinder their coming out ; all the reft of the Avenues hav- ing fo lliallovv Water that a Ship could not pafs. The reft of the Fleet engaged and defeated the Genoefe ne^x Loredo, in which Dii- pute fell Teter T)oria, their Admiral, being flaiu by a Cannon Ball, with fix hundred others; and in this War it was, according to fome, that Ordnance were firft ufed, though others allcdge that Edward III, King of England^ had great Guns at the Siege ot Calais in 1347. The Communication of the City of Venice being now opened, which had fuffered very much for want of Provifions, they were plentifully fupplied from all Parts ; whereas, on the other band, the Enemy were clofe blocked up, and apprehending nothing lefs than Famine, ufed their utmoft Endeavours to enlarge themlelves ; to which purpofe they attempted to dig a Canal for twenty Gallies to pafs through, but while they were employed in that Work, the Ve- netians attacked the Fort oi Brondolo, and carried it, fet fire to the GaUies, killed moft of the Garrifon, and forced them to retreat w Chiozza. Vi5ior Tifani having poflefTed himlelf of the Town and Port, carried ten of the Genoefe Ships which were appointed to protedl Molone, to Venice., fetting adrift the fmall VefTels, after he had firft fecured the People on board them, and Chiozza and Grado were loon after taken ; but, in the Recovery of the firft, the Ve- netians met with the moft difficulty, a new Fleet being fent to the Support of the Genoefe there, which however they overcame, fink- ing and deftroying fifty of them, and taking four thoufand Priibners. Such as efcaped this Overthrow, fled towards the Coaft of Friuliy where, in the Port oi Alarano, they refitted their fliatter'd Vefl'els : Mean while Le Bebe, and the other Towns in and about the Shoals round Venice, were furrendcr'd ; and (bme of the Genoefe having thrown themfelves into Capo d'ljlria, that Place was befieged by tifani, and in a fhort time reduced. As he was following the E- nemy he died, and Aloife Loredano took upon him the Command of the Fleet till the Senate iliould appoint a SuccefiTor to Tifani, which Honour they foon conferred on Charles Ze^io. He cruifing on the Coaft of T)almatia, took and fet fire to twelve Veflels be- longing to the Pirates, and others on thofe Coafts, having firft fe- cured the Goods on board them ; and foon after on the Coaft of the Morea he feized a Genoefe Merchant Ship very richly laden : However they bore up againft all thefe Loftcs fo vigoroufly, that the Venetians being apprehenfive of another Siege, a Treaty of Peace was begun, and in a ihort time concluded ; whereby it was agreed, that the Ifland oiTenedo, which had occafioncd the War, Ihould be fequefter'd in the Hands of Amed^e Duke of Savoy, the Mediator of the Peace, for the Space of two Years, and the Garrifon was to be withdrawn from the Caftle, (where they were allowed to keep one till that time) which was then to be demolilhcd, and the Vene- tians Genoefe Gal. lies burnt at Brondolo. T/!>«Venetians take Chiozza, and Grado. De/lroy the Genoefe Heet. Take Capo d'lllrla. Beftrcj the Pirates Vef- iels. A. D. 1381. A Peace con- cluded be- tween Venice and Genoa. Chap. IV. Ruin of the Rom. Empre. 219 tians to be wholly excluded from the Ifland. Upon the Conclu- lion of the War, which lafted fix Years, the Senate, purfuant to their Agreement, afTumed into the Body of the Nobiliry thirty of thole Families which had contributed to the Necefllties of the Publick, and paid to the others the promifed Penfiou beforemcntioned ; how- ever, the Reftiturion of Tenedo occafioned fome Dillurbance; for John Mutatio, who commanded there, refufed to furrender it ; but the publick Faith was not to be violated for the Obftinacy of one Citizen; wherefore Fanthins George was fcnt out at the Head of a Fleet, with Inftrudions to fee the Caftle demolilhed, and the Con- The cajiu of ditions of Peace put in Execution, which he accordingly per- Tenedo dt- formed, ^ "^ ^ "''''^'"- The City was now flourilhing in Peace, and only intent on cul- tivating Trade, when the Proceedings ot the Genoefe forced them to a new War, who had built about this time one and twenty Gal- lies, and fixteen Saetias. This Fleet was reported to be fitted out againft the King o[ Cyprus, as in reality it was, being commanded WeVenetians by Boncicaiit, a Marlhal of France^ (the Republick having fubmit- ""'^ Genoefe ted to t\\z French King) and manned with Soldiers of that Nation 5'""'''*' ''^'"''• and Genoefe Seamen. Charles Zeno^ who was then General of the Gulph, being apprehenfive left they ihould fall on fome Place be- longing to the Venetians^ as foon as he had Advice they were paP fed the Height of the Morea, followed them ; and Bouckaut, af- ter he had fettled Affairs in Cyprus, repaired to Rhodes, where Ze- no arrived prefently after him with the Venetian Fleet. Bouctcaut, be- ing indiipos'd, fent to defire an Interview with Zeno on board his Ship, under Pretence of concerting Mealures with him for adting a- gainft the Turk ; but Ze7io excufmg himlelf, let him know that he had not received any Inftrud:ions in that Matter from the Republick, but when he did, would with Pleafure join in any luch Service; acquai. ''ing him withal, that by the fundamental Laws of his Re- publick, i AV": Death for an Admiral to leave his Ship on any pre- tence wliiilocver, Roucicaut, pro\oked with this Anfwer, refolv- ed to be revenged, and with that view fleered his Courle to Baruth in Sjria, w'lf^rc the Venetians had a great Trade for Spices; and being joined 'iy rhree Ships of Rhodes, he landed withm a League of the Town, and eafily made himlelf Mafter of the Caftle, the Gar- Baruth /<»(«» riibn being in no Apprehenfion, becaule of the Peace which was be- '1"'^,1^"qI" tween the i»'o Nati'^n^; when entering the Town, he gave the noefe. Plunder o. it 'o the Soldi rs, the Inhabitants, on the Caftle's being feized, hiving all flcil to lave their Lives. Zeno, afraid of the ve- ry Appearance of being the firft AggrefTor, fent one of his Officers to Boiicuaiit to complain of this Proceeding, and defire him to caufe Reftiruti'u to be made of the Effedls taken ft-ora the Merchants of his Nation ; but he returned for anfwer, that the Plunder being al- ready divided among his Soldiers, it was impofilble to recover it, and endeavoured to excuic what he had done, under Pretence that the Inhabitants denied him Entrance into their Port. F f 1 ZenOy 2 20 NavalTranfacYwns fincethe BookIIL Zeno, not being able to obtain any Satisfadlion, returned towards the Archipelago^ to cover the Iflands belonging to the Veiietiatis, and clpccially Candia^ whither he was foon followed by the Enemy, The Genoefe who fuddculy furprized and entered the Port of Sapienza. Zeno^ furprize Si^i- ^yj^Q yv^s ^x. ModoH with elcvcn Gallies, and two Galeaffes, thought ^"^^' hiinfelf ftrong enough to fight the Genoe/e Fleet, and gave them De- fiance ; To that both of them failed out by Break of Day, one from ModoJi, the other from Sapienza, and met half way between thofe Places. Zeno having ranged his Gallies in Order, bore down on the Enemy with all the Sail he could make, while Bouc'tcaut, who was alfo prepared for the Battel, and well knew that the Vidtory de- pended chiefly on the Behaviour of the General, detached three of his Gallies to attack the Venetian Admiral, which was performed with great Dexterity and Relblution ; for two of thefe Gallies fepa- TAf Venetian rating, received Zeno's between them, and the third charged her a- und Genoefe ]^q^^ After the Genoefe and French had poured great Numbers of engage, j^^^^^ ^^^ Attows ou thc Venetians, they grappled Zeno's Gaily, and boarded her in three feveral Places, making diligent Search for the Adm.iral, but not knowing his Perfon, mils'd of him, who being thus hard preffed, delivered himfelf from the Danger by a new and A Stratagem extraordinary Stratagem. He caufed his whole Ship's Company, fl/Zeno f<7 I j ovQ^x. deal of heavy Lumber, to be placed on the Starboard fave his Gaily '-'>^ii ii i i-« when boarded, lidc of his Gaily, m Order to bring the upper Part thereof down to the Water, by which means he not only prevented any more from boarding on the Larboard Side, but ftruck fuch a Terrour amongfl: thole that had already entered, who thought he was gouig ro fink the Ship, that many of them leaped into the Sea, and the reft ihrew themfelves over into their own Veffels: The Confufion this caufed among the Enemy afforded Time for other Gallies to come to the Relief of their Admiral, which they performed with iuch Succeis, that the three Genoefe Ships beforementioned were all taken, and Zeno was no fooner difengaged, than he bore down to Boucicaut, who would fain have retreated, but was fo cloicly followed that W^/T'^' he was forced to faye himielf in his Boat. All the .reft of the Gal- ■worfi oftt at lies betaking themlclves to Flight, Zeno towed the three he had ta- ' •^f- ken in to Modon, whither he alfo condudled his Prilbner?, among whom were Chateau- Movant, the Genoefe Vice Admiral, and 'Paul Sanpdo, one of their Captains: Fiowever their Gallies that cfcaped revenged this Dilgrace upon ieveral Venetian Merchant Ships they phinder}eve- ^'^^^ ^^^^^^ '" ^^^^'^ ^^'^7 homc, which they plundered: But notwith- rai Venetian ftauding thcfe Proceedings on both fides, the matter did not come **'>*• to a declared War between them, for their LofTes in the whole be- ing pretty near equal, the Name of the Peace yet continued. ItlZnhafe ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^'^ Rcpublick purchalcd Zara, with its Dependences, ZzxiZi'the of Ladijlatis King oi Hungary : And ii "Philip, Duke vf Milany King o/Hiin- had uot moleftcd them, would have enjoyed another hiterval of Re- S"y- pole. Ticcinini, the Enemy's General, having taken, by Treache- ry, the Town of Brefello on the Po, attempted likewiie to feize the Caftle ; and the Milanefe Fleet on that River being commanded by Chap. IV. Rtthi of the Rom. Evipre. 2 2 1 by Eufl acinus oi'Tefino, the Vtrtctians derachcd Francis Bembo a- o trcometht gainft him. The Fleets on both fides confirtcd of flat botrom'd Vef f'^" ''^^'^^' icis ; and i5^«?^o placed eight of thelc in a Line in Front, which to render firm and indiHbluble, he fecurcd together with Cables. In this Order he advanced toward Eujlachms, whom he drove before him up to Cremona^ where the Enemy quitting their VeHeis, rhey all fell A- D. 143 r- into Befnbo's Hands; bur here he was (lopt from proceeding farther by a new Contrivance of the Enemy, who had cauled to be built on the River leveral floating Caftlc?, which however he bravely attack- ed, and fct on fire. Landing his Troops he came to a Battel on Ihore, but was defeated, and thereupon retiring to his Ships, fell down the Arebcatenbe- River : And Toon after Nicholas Trevifano^ another Admiral of the-^"" ^^'^^' Venetians, was beaten before Cremona. The Senate highly refent- ing the Behaviour of the Genoefe^ who had manned the Enemy's Fleet with their Seamen, (having now put themlelves under the Pro- ted:ion of the Duke oi Milan) fitted out eighteen Gallics againft them, under the Command of ""Peter Loredano, who with unexpedt- ed Celerity, failing round to Leghorn, was there joined by five Gal- lies of the Florentines, together with Adorni and Fie/quc, two Ge- noefe Noblemen then in Exile, Enemies to the Milane/e Fadtion, with leveral others of that Party; at the Appearance of whom off Genoa, it was thought their Friends in the City would expel the op- pofite Party, and receive them to recover their Liberties ; but the Milanefe proving the flirongefl:, five and twenty Gallies were fent out under the Command of Francis Spinola. The Venetian Fleet was by this time arrived in the Gulph oiRapallo, within five Leagues of the City, whither the Genoefe advanced toward them with great Refolution, being flnflied with the Remembrance of their late Vi<5io- ry on the Bo. Off Cape di Monte (the Fiead land that makes the Gulph oi Rap alio) they came to an Engagement, but Loredano They oter- finding the Enemy had the Wind of him, retreated, as if afraid, in- """"'',' Ge- to the Gulph, whither the Genoefe following him, he got to Wind- adph of Ra- ward, and bore down upon them. Spinola received him with great P^"o- Gallantry, \iMX.x.\\Q. Venetians fought with liicli Rcibkition, that they loon took him Prifoner with his own Gaily and eiuht others, the reft, in the utmoft Diforder, retreating into Borto Fino, or making the heft of their Way to Genoa, while the vidorious Fleet repaired to Reco, which voluntarily liirrendering to Fiefqtie, they returned to Leghorn; and in this Battel were flain on both fides eight hundred Perlbns, and four thouland wounded. At the Requcft of Pope Eu- gene IV, Loredano failed to Civita Vecchia, in order to reduce the Caftlc of that Place, which was held out againfl: him, and having in ^nJ reduce a Ihort time forced it to iurrender, he repaired to Corfu, cxpedting-^"'' '''^/''^l to meet with a Reinforcement, with which he intended to proceed dwu vec- againft B^eter Spinola, whom the Genoefe had fent out with a new ^h'»- Fleet; but they were prevented from coming to an Engagement, be- caufe the Gefioefe had thrown off the Government of the Duke of Milan, and a Peace thereupon cnlued between the two Republicks. '^ P'-""^'- At the fame time the Qiiarrel being renewed with that Prince, dwjGenoa. and the Duke oi Mantua, his Ally, the Seat of Naval War was now to 2 2 2 Naval 1 raiifaSions Jince the Book III. 1 he Naval War remav'i t the Lake jin underta- king to carry Gai'.Ui to the Lake. to be removed from the Sea to the Lake di Garda, in order to pre- vent the Enemies poflefTing thcmlelvcs of Brefcia. The Venetian Senate were debating by what means they might provide a Fleet in that Lake, there being neither Woods thereabouts for Timber, nor any Communication of Rivers (except the Menzo^ entirely poflef- fed by the Enemy) to carry Ships from Venice ; When one Sorbilus, who was well acquainted with the Country, afTured them, if they would fUmiih him with what was necefl'ary, he would engage to convey Gallies thither from the City. They approving his Scheme, (iippHed him with what he demanded, and he letting about the Work, caufcd two large Gallics, three I'mall ones, and twenty five Boats to be rowed up the Adige to Verona.^ from whence they were towed by feveral Yoke of Oxen to Mori near Roveredo^ where be- ii'g placed on Rowlers, by the help of great Multitudes of Peafants, who levelled the Country, and cut through Rocks to make way for them, they were, in three Months time, conveyed to Torbole, at the Head of the Lake, and beuig launched into it, lay at the Mouth of the Sarca, which difembogues it lelf near that Town. There, by a triple Row of Piles, in form of a Semicircle, and a Fort which the Venetians built alhorc, they were defended from the In- cu fions of the Enemy, who had one Gaby and leveral finall Veflels upon the Lake, which were brought ud xht Menzo , by which it communicates with the To. Thcfe the Venetians, confiding in their own Strength, defpifed, but coming to an Engngcment, Ze?io their Admiral, was taken Prilbner, and if a timely Retreat had not been made by the refl: into Torbole, all the Fleet muft have fallen into the Enemies Hands. The Lofs the Venetians fiiftained was lo great, that the Remainder of the Fleet was not able to do any thing with- out a new Supply, which the Senate relolvcd to lend, but in another m.\nner than the former. Materials for eight Gallies, as many Gal- leons, and four Boa'^s, were laden in fix hundred Waggons, and fent to Torbole, where being foon put together, they were launched in- to the Lake; and Stephen Contarini was appointed to command them. In the middle of the Lake, he eugag'd the Enemy's Fleet, and obtaui.d an entire Vi(9:ory, which was followed by the Surren- der of Garda and Riva, two confiderable Towns on the Banks, and the raifing ol the Siege of Brefcia, whereupon a Peace enfuing with the Dukes of Milan and Mantua, the Republick turned her Arms againft the Pirates who now very much infefted the Seas. On this Service three Ships of War and one Gaily were fitted out the Venetians to cruilc in the Mediterranean, and four to fcour the Gulph, the lat- ^pira'eT^ '''" ^^^ uudet the Command of Anthony 'Dieda who attacked Antivari in Albania, and being favoured by a Party in the Town, fbon redu- ced it to the Obedience of the Republick. After this he was by a violent Storm, driven to Viefte in Captanate, a Province of Na- ples, the chief Rendezvous of the Pirates, whofeizcd his Ships and T^e Venetian j^js Perfon : But having obtained his Liberty, and the Refiitution of fef^rbyth, his Naval Force, by Diredion oi Alfhonfus, KiDg of Naples and Pirates, Sicily, he went out again in queft of the Pirates, and having taken *"' feveral of their Ships richly laden, returned triumphantly to Venice. overcomes, ' ^^'' rAeVenetians are bea'en o,, the Lake. 'But reinforce their .Squa dron, and get an entire Vitltry A Pcxce con eluded, and Chap. IV. Ru'tn of the Rom. Empre. 223 At that time Aloife Loredano was fent out againft the Turk with ten Gallics, the Charge ot fix whereof was defrayed by Pope Eugene IV. Amuratb II. was then Emperor of that Nation, of whole Fleet Z/Or^-- '433- dano took feveral Ships, and having lecured the Colonies of the Re- tians Mif/-,- publick from their Depredation?, returned to Venice. Soon after he '^'"f^^ Turkuh was dilpatched with a Fleet of thirty five Gallies, and ten Ships of ^'^'•^'" Burthen, againfl: King AlpboufnSy who had expelled the Venetians out of his Dominions, where they had for fomc time been pofTefTed of icveral Towns on the Coaft oi Naples in tlic Adriatick. With this Force proceeding to Mefjina, he there burnt a VeflTel of the King's They go to on the Stocks, befides feveral Ships in the Port, from whence he Meiiina, a- advanced to Syracufe, and icized two Merchant Ships of great Bur- ^KiI^,Jf%^. then. To prevent any farther Mifchief, the Genocft\ to whom one pies. of thofc belonged, and others who fled from the Venetians at Sea, iiink two Merchant Ships in the Port, and laid a Boom acrofs it of an J^'^ Genoefe immenfe Thicknels: And from the Walls of the Town to the Ships prepare to de- in the Port they erc6bcd Scaffolds, that ib if the Enemy fhould ^^"'^ ''-"''"- break in, they might, as Occafion fliould fcrve, either defend the {^f""'^^'*' Ships, or retreat into the Town. Loredano, at his firfl: Approach, made an Attack upon the Boom, but it was lb well defended by the Genoefe and Syracufans^ that after a long and obflinate Difpute he was obliged to retreat. Having failed in Force, he refolved next to have recourfe to Artifice; and filling a Ship with Gunpowder and Faggots, put thirty ftout Men on board, and Tent her betbre a brisk Gale of Wind to the Mouth of the Harbour, where flie came againfl: the Boom with fuch Violence that it prefently gave way, and open- T/;£Veneti- cd her a free PafTage to the Ships in the Port, the Enemy all the ^ZmTt%'ll while looking on with Surprize and Amazement. When flie was ap- m{e,andburn proached near enough to the Enemies Ships for the Execution of the ^^' ^^'P'- Defign, the Perlbns on board let fire to her, and leaping into the Boat, rowed off to the Fleet, and the Fire prefently burfting outfeiz- ed the next adjacent Ships, which communicated it to the reft, ib that they were all prefently in Flames, and great Numbers of the E- nemy were burnt, many drowned, a lew only being faved by fwim- ming ; after which Loredano, dividing his Fleer, lent Part of it to Venice, and with the reft cruilcd about the Adriatick. Alphonfus growing weary of the War, concluded a Peace with a Peace bt- the Republick ; which would have been very glad to have enjoy'd a long '"^<''» '*' . Interval of Repolc ; but three Years were icarce expired, e'er a great Bat- ^4"^ ^{^ ^^^ rel was tbught with the Turks with confiderable Lois on the Chriftians Venetians. fide, the Venetian Fleet little availing againft fo potent an Enemy; ^ , "^"l not but that ibme time before the Republick had poifciTed her iclt' ,11 -^"/^^ of icveral Towns, as Mifijtra, Aulis, Larfus, LetnbrOy Setines, (the ancient Athens) Fochia Nova, and other Places of lefs Note. While the '/"wr/^j- were engaged in a War with the ^PfryJWwj-, Moccnigo, Ad- miral of the Venetian Fleet, x.oo^ Smyrna, znd'PajJagio, a Town in nut take fevt- Natolia oppofiteto the Ifland Scio, wixhSatalia, Curco, and Se/ecbta '"' p^""'- in Carmania. This Mocenigo was the firft Venetian who had the Affairs oi Cy- prus committed to him, and it was thus occafioned. James de Lu- f!gnan, the laft King of the llland, married Kathenne the Daughter of Quarrels a- tout Cyprur, 224 Naval TranfaElions fince the Book III. oi Marc Cornaro, a noble Venetian, which Prince dying, he left his Conforc great with Child, which Child by his lafl; Will he de- clared ihould iucceed him in the Throne under the Guardianlhip of the Republick. The Infant dying within a Year after his Father, Charlotte, the Sifter oi James, laid claim to the Crown, and cre- ated great Difturbances in the Ifland, which were at length entirely quelled by the Prudence and good Conduit oi Mocenigo, who ex- pelled the fadlious Party, and icttled the Kingdom in Peace. James Marcelii being then appointed to fucceed him in the Adminiftration of this new Province, Mocen'tgo was ordered by the Senate to look to the Defence of Scutari, and guard the Coaft of Albania, againft the Attempts of the Turks ; purl'uant whereto he repaired thither, and placed ftrong Garrilbns in 'Dnrazzo, Budoa, Antivari, and 'Dulcigno, appointing a Gaily to attend the Service of each. About this time deceafcd in Nixia John Cri/pus, Lord of that Ifland, and of 'Phermene, Scjro, and Alelo, three other of the an- cient Cyclades, the Inhabitants of which Iflands having been very weary of his Government, and Nicolas Capello happening acciden- tally to be at that time in the Port of Nixia, with fix Vene- tian Ships, which he commanded againft the Pirates, they made their Application to him to receive their Submiftion to the Repub- lick, which he readily accepted, and left with them a Citizen of Venice to adminifter their Government. The Turks now prefling the Venetians very hard, they were ob- liged to come to a Peace, whereby they gave up Scutari, the Ca- ftle oi Maina, near Cape Matapan, and the Ifland oi Stalimine, and agreed to pay eight thouland Ducats a Year for Freedom of Trade in their Seas : However there were after this feveral flight Skir- millies between them, the Iflanders under the Venetian Government creating Tome Difturbances, as did alfo the Pirates who were fe- cretly countenanced by the Turks. Aloifi Giorgi came to an En- gagement with the Pirate Arige ofTCape Matapan, where, after an obftinate Difpute, they both ieparated with equal Lofs. On the Coaft oi Africa Bernard Cicogna, x\\q. Venetian k^xxAx'A, fought Te- ruca, another Pirate, defeated and took him Prifoner : And ofFCi?- trone Andrco:} Loredano killed Tcter de Bifcay, with feveral of his Aflbciates. And now the War breaking out again with t\\t Turks, a Fleet was lent againft them under the Command oi Anthony Grimani, who obferving with how much Difficulty the People contributed to- ward the late War they had in Italy by Land with the French and Florentines, lent the Republick eighty Pounds of Gold to pay the .Wages of the Seamen, engaging to railc fo many in Corfu and o- ther Places as would man the Fleet. Off Modon he came to a Bat- tel with the Turks, but was defeated, and forced to retreat to Tro- deno, a neighbouring Ifland ; where hearing the French Fleet was at Zante, he failed thither to join them, after which he had feve- ral flight Skirmilhcs with the Enemy, but meeting with little or no Succels, he again Ieparated from the French. The Troops on board the Fleet having entertained a Notion, that if he had attacked the Enemy A Peace be- tween the Turks and Venetians. T^eVenetians overcome the Pirates. A War re- kindled be- tween the Turks and Venetians. T^fVelnetians beaten, by the Turks. Chap. V. Ruin of thcVioxw. Empire. 225 Enemy with his whole Force, he might have entirely deftroved them, drew up and ient their Opinion to Venice, where a Refolu- lion was taken to remove Grimani from his Command, which was accordingly done : And bccauic Thomas Zeni^ whom they pitched upon to lucceed him, was indebted to the Exchequer, and that, by an ancient Law, none who were fo, could enjoy any Place of Truft, they made an A6t that this Law ihould not take place with reipcdl ro him, whom they put at the head of the Fleet. But he met with no better SucccCs than his Prcdecelfor, the Turks taking Navartno, Are again Modoth Jnd Coroii, with the Klands oi EjiQta and Metelmo. How- ^Z"""', '""^ ' o fever al Places ever, atter the' Departure of theTurkifli Fleer, Engia was prefently taken; recovered by Bencdirt 'Pejaro, who having alio ravaged Mete lino hut foon after and Tenedo, fell on the Rear of the Turkilh Fleet, then entering the ^"^^ succejs. Gulph oi Negropotite-, and took ieveral Ships, the Companies where- of lie nailed to CrofTcs along the Sea-lliore. After this he reduced the Idand Samandrachi^ plundered Carijia, recovered Ccfhahniay and in the Gulph of Larta feized twelve of the Enemy's Ships loaden with Stores of War, carrying them all to Corfu. Chap. V. Of the Naval Wars, of ^,66? Venetians, from the Conchi- fion of the League of Cambray, to the prefent Times. ABOUT this time it was that almofl: all Enrobe united, at the ^; ^ l'^^^- Inftigation of Pope 7^'^^^'f-'' ^U to procure the Deflrudion of EuropT"n;V« the Rcpublick o( Venice, theDefign whereof was concluded at Cam- againftVt- bray, by a Treaty between that Pontiff, the Emperor Maximilian I, "'•'•^■ the French King Louis XII, Ferdinand King of Spain, and other Princes of Ids Confidcrarion : Which Treaty was carried on with luoh Secrecy, that the Republick never had the leall: notice of it till they were attacked. The Blow was lb ludden, that they imme- diately lofl: all they had on the Terra Firma, and were confined to their City, againll which the Emperor levelled his great Guns from They are con- the Continent, and were it not for his want of Shipping, had crol- ^!,""' '" '!"'{ . ' /-r/T-ii ri-rt II 1- T-i City, and fiib- led over thither, and poJielied himieli: of that Iikewile. Thus was „„( to theEm- the Venetian Lion forced to couch to the German Eagle, and that /'"■^'■• State, which had remained unconquered for above a thouiand Years, to become an humble Suppliant to the Emperor. They quitted all their Pretenfions on the Continent, and agreed to pay an annual Tribute ; but at length their Artifices prevailed lb far as ro break ^''' 'Hbance the Confederacy, and then having to deal with thofe Princes fingly, ,^c Venetians they recovered all which had been taken from them, and i^xQity recover ihem- wcU fecured themfclves againft any fuch Difafter for the future. •^''^' Gg It Ivcs. 22 6 Naval TranfacHons jince the Book III. It was the fame Pope Juli/ts II. who, being unwilling to allow the Rcpublick any thing, demanded of them, by his Nuncio, by what Right, or whofc Donation, they pretended to the Dominion A fubtie An- of the Adruitick \ to which they anfwercd, that they much won- fwtr made by (Jercd his HoHnefs Oiould adt in a manner fo difagrceable to his uKul '*' J^^J"'"' Juftice, by asking them for thole very Writings which he had at Rome among his own Records ; for that if he would plcafe to look for the Donation of Co/ijiantine, he would find on the back of that what he defired : By which facetious Anfwer they wifely gave the Pope to know, that as he did not enjoy lb many Cities and Provinces on lhorc,ro rhcy did not hold theirDominion of the Sea, by virtue of any Grant or Donation from any Emperor, either Greek or Roman, nor ground it en the beforemention'd Compliment to them of Pope A- lexaudcr 111 ; but on the long Exercile of that Dominion, confirm- ed by the continued Knowledge and Sufferance (that is the Confcnt and Authority in this Cafe) of the Parties concerned to oppole it ; and that they would defend by Arms a Right {o lawfully acquired, and lecured by fo long Prefcription, againfl: all who fliould pretend to attack it. ivariet-vixt The ucxt gtcat Wat the Republick was engaged in was with Se- fle'vcnltjar's ^^^ ^^' Ernp^''0r of the Turks, for the Idand oi Cyprus^ who pre- 44fl«/Cypius. tended it was become a Shelter for Pirates, which dilturbcd the Commerce of the Mediterranean, and that he being Mailer of the Countries which lay about it, (to one of which, viz. yEgypt, ,he faid, it did of Right belong) it was incumbent on him to fecurc the Navigation to thofe Parts, and therefore demanded they would yield it up to him. The Senate's Anfwer was, that they were i'o far from entertaining or encouraging Pirates, that they kept conftantly a Number of Gallies at Cyprus to cruilc againll them ; and that if he made thefe Pretences to break with them, they were relblved to de- fend thcmfclves ; whereupon the, Turks repaired with a numerous Fleet to the Ifland, and there landing an Army of a hundred thou- The Turk? fand Mcu, laid Siege to Nicofia, the capital City, which in a (liort take Nicofia. ^^^ ^y^g r^kcn by Storm, and Alujiapha, who commanded on this Ex- pedition, after he was Maflcr of the Town, cauied above twenty thou- I'and Pcrfons to be put to the Sword, and as many were made Slaves, cutting off the Head of "Dnndolo, the Governour, which he lent as a Preient to the Officer who commanded in Famagujla, the Place he was going next to bcliege. Then having Icledied the richeft of the Spoils, confiding of Plate, and other valuable EfTecfts, with feveral fine Women and beautiful Children of Quality, of both Sexc«, ga- thered from all Parts of the Ifland, he put them on board three of the largefl: Ships of the Fleet, and committed them to the Charge of four hundred Janizaries, to be conveyed as a Prelenr to the Grand Signior, cither in token of his Succefs, or to conciliate to himlclf A hardy Deed ^]^q doubtful Favout of his Prince. The Slaves were all put toge- i.a"y. ^^"'" ther in one Ship, where a young Lady, reflecting on the Calamity which had already happened to her Country aiid her Friends, and what farther flie was to expedt when Ihe Ihould be in the Power of Se/im, Chap. V. Rithi of the Rom. Empire. 227 Selim, began to revolve fomc uncommon Thoughts in her Mind. They had now weighed Anchor, and were juft got under Sail, when there being occafion to fetch up Powder to charge the Guns, this Woman found means to get down with a Light to the Powder-Room, where having an Opportunity of executing her dreadful Purpofe, fbc looks alternately towards her Country and Heaven, and, grown bold by having relolved to die, delperately applies the Fire to the Powder, lb that in a Moment all were in Flames, and with a dread- ful BlaO: the Ship was thrown in pieces into the Air : Nor did the Dcftrudion thus end ; for the burning Fragments falling into the two other Ships, fet them alio on fire, and in few Minutes Space, all the Spoil v\ hich had been fb carefully colle6ted through the whole Ifland, with every Soul on board the Ships, except four Seamen, who by great Accident efcaped, and fwam to Land, where confum- cd, within Sight of the Shore, Mujla^ha himfelf looking on at the dilmal Spcdla^le. Aln/fapha advancing to Famagnjta, inverted that Place, where Bragadiii't, a brave and experienced Officer, was Governor, who with a handful of Men made a mofl gallant Defence againfl: the E- nemy's numerous Army, but at length was obliged to furrcnder, which he did upon honourable Terms, the Garrifon being not on- ly permitted to march out with flying Colours, Arras and Baggage, but were to be (applied with VefTcls to traniport them to Candia, and a Squadron of Gallies for their Convoy : Notwithftanding which, jheCrueit of the pcrfidiom Bar if ar tan trcacheroufly broke the Treaty, feized the /^e Turks «/.- principal Officer?, and put them to Death in cold Blood, and made "" 'J''''"S ^'^' Slaves of all the reft of the Garrifon. Bragadini himlelf was faved "^ from this Slaughter, to be yet more inhumanly treated for having io bravely done his Duty ; for they firlt cut off his Nofe and Ears, and then threw him, with Irons on his Legs, into a Dungeon, from whence the Executioners drew him out once a Day, to carry Earth in a Basket for repairing the Fortifications, making him bow down with his Burthen, and kiis the Ground every rime he part before AliiJIapha, who came to overfee the Work. He was afterwards put on board the Fleet, where, among other Indignities, they fixed him in a Chair, and hoiflcd him up to the Yard- Arm of a Ship, that fb the Deformity of his mangled Vifage might be more confpicuous, and be fecn by the Chriflians which were yet in the Port. Then bringing him afhore, they carried him to the Market-Place, where after he had been tied up by the Heels and flay'd alive, his Skin was They cruelly fluiTed with Straw, and hung up at the Yard- Arm of Mujiaph^'s "'"^"'^^ ^ra- Gally, in which manner it was carried about in Triumph on the Coafls of Syria and jEgypt. It was afterwards put into the Arfc- nal of Conjtantinople^ from whence it was redeemed by the Pofte- rity of the deceafcd Hero at a great Price, and is to this Day kept as the mofl glorious Trophy of their Family. At the Beginning of the War, the Venetians had fet on foot a f^".^J^^'"yl Treaty of Alliance with Pope 'Pins V, and 'Tbilip II, King o( Spain, Pop7,'Kwg tf which was at length concluded, and both thofe Princes aided them ^P'""- '""^ G g z with Venice. 228 'Naval Tranf anions [nice the Book III. with Naval Forces. Thofe of the firfl: were commanded by Marc Anthony Colonna, and of the latter by Don John of Aufiridy natu- ral Sou to the Emperor Charles V, the Navy of the Rcpublick be- A. D. 1571. ing conducted by Sebaftian Venier. At length, after tedious De- The confide- lays on the part of the Spaniards^ the confederate Fleet rendez- rau Fleet yous'd at Mpjf/ina, whcrc a Council of War was called to confider c^me to Mef- ^^ ^^^ Operations of the Campaign ; and, after fcveral Debates, it was relblved, through the earnefl: Entreaties of Colonna and Venier, to make the befl: of their way towards the Morea. Every thing being in readineis for failing, the Generals, Ofiicers, and Soldiers re- paired on board, and the Wind prefenting fair, they u eighcd An- chor amidft the Prayers and Bleffings of the neighbouring People of Sicily and Italy, who came down to the Coads, in infinite Multi- tudes, to fee the mod: numerous Navy the Chridians ever fitted out. . . , It confifled of twelve Gallies of the Pope's, eighty one Gallies, andhow'dif- and twenty Ships of Burthen of the King of Spain's, and a hundred fofed. aud eight Gallies, fix large GaleafTes, and two Ships of Burthen of the Venetians, the whole under the Command of Don John ofAu- Jlria, who divided his Fleet into four St]uadrons, three of which made up the main Body and two Wings, and the fourth what was judged uecefTary for a Referve. The Right confided of fifty three Gallies, commanded h^ John Andrew iJ or i a, who hoided a green Flag on the Main-top-mad Head : The Left, of the like Number, was put under the Command oi Augujiine Barbarigo, who carried a yellow Flag, fixed on the Starboard fide of his Main-top ; and Don John himfelf, dilplaying a blue Flag, conduced the main Bo- dy, confiding of fixty one Gallies ; the Referve being led by Al- 'varez Bafano, Marquis of Santa Cruz, who carried a white Flag in the Poop, which Squadron confided of thirty eight GaUies, and from it eight were detached, under the Command of John de Car- doiia, to Tail about fix Leagues ahead of the Fleer, with Orders to fend Advice by Boats, from time to time, of what he could difco- ver, and as foon as he defcry'd the Enemy, to retreat to the Fleer, and divide his Ships between the two Wings. The fix great GaleafTes were placed about half a Mile ahead of the Line, two before each Divifion, and didant from one another about a ?vlile, but they be- ing unwieldy and heavy Sailers, the General gave Orders that, as there might be occafion, they fliould be towed by others. The Diffofi- He took his Pod in the Centre of the main Body, having Marc tion of the A^ithojiy Colonua, admiral of the Pope's Gallies, on his Right, and ''if.'J"'*" Sebaftian Venter, the Venetian Admiral, on his Left, Next to Colonna was the Admiral Gaily of Ge?ioa , commanded by HeBor Spinola , on board of which was the Prince of 'Partna ; and next to Venier was the chief Gaily of Savoy, commanded by Leynimy having on board her the Prince of 'Vrbin ; and adern oiDou Johnj Colonna, and Venier, were placed the Parronne Gaily of SpaWy with that of the great Commander of Caftilc. In the right Point of this main Body was the principal Gaily of Alalia, commauded by the lleet. Chap. V. Rtim of the Rom. Ernpre* 229 the Prior of MeJJina, and in the Left another of the largeil Hze, on board of which was TaiiLJordano. As for the two Wings, "[john de Cardona was to rake Poft in the left Point of the Right, and on the orhcr Point Andreijj 'Doria, who commanded that Divifiou. In the Left Wing Mmx Anthony ^lirini was ftationcd in the Right Point, together with Anthony (Janali ; and Atigitfiine Barharigo, who commanded that Wing, in the Left Point. The Gaihes of each Narion were feparatcd, and intermixed amongft others, that lo in the Day of Battel they might not have Opportunity of taking par- ricLilar Refolutions, and this the Venetians prevailed to have done, becaufc they were jealous, as they had good rcafon to be, of the Spaniards, but infinuated that their Intentions were no other, than thac all might equally Ihare the Honour and Danger, and mutually animate each other to behave well. In this Order the Fleet crolTed the Ionian Sea, and pafllng the Iflands Tachfu, and Antipachfn, came off the Gu!ph of Larta, but not being able to reach Qej^halon'ta^ they flacken'd fail, and making but little way all Night, arrived the next Day at that Ifland, where '^'"e confede- they received Letters from 'Paul Contareui, Governor o^ Zante^ "^" ^^'" that the Enemy's Fleet lay but in an ill Condition in the Gulph of jhRlonia. * Lcpanto, and that OUiz,-Aly^ with tbrty Ships, being feparatcd from the reft, was failed towards Modon : And foon after they heard from the Governor of Caudia., that Famagttjla had furrendered ; upon which Intelligences it was unanimoufly agreed to advance and •attack the Enemy. The Turks in the mean time did not remain idle, for Aly Tafloa^ being arrived 2X Le panto with the Fleet, detached Alehcfnet Bey '^"-■''"'crigth with fixty Gallies up xo Afproptl^ to repeivc on board ten thoufand [ni fI^s^""^'^" Janizaries, and the like Number of Volunteers, with a large Supply of Provifions, that *io they might be in a Readinefs for all Events. While this was doing Caracoz,za, one of his Officers who had been fent out for Intelligence, brought Advice that the Chridiau Fleet was arrived at Cepbalonia , and that having counted the Gallies, they were not above a hundred and twenty; whereupon yf/y determined to give tliem Battel ; but for his Juftification, in cafe of need, he iumraoncd the principal Officers to a Council of War, wherein, tho' fome of the mofl: able and experienced declared rhemfelves againft fighting, it was neverthelcfs relblvcd, after feveral Debates, to en- They refiive 2ao;c, and accordingly they made fail, with intent to iurprize the l^/^ '^" Chnltian Fleet at LephaLonia^ hoping to nnd the Omccrs and Peo- ple aihorc. The Fleet of the Infidels confided of two hundred and ieventy five Sail, diJpofed in a main Body, two Wings, and a Body 'rheJUfpofiu- of Relerve. In the Right Wing, commanded by Mehemet Siroch, °"'{ ''"" Governor of Alexandria, were fifty fix Gallies, in the Right Point of which was Alehemet Bey, Sangiac of Negroponte, and in the Left the faid Mehemet Siroch. In the Centre of the main Body, confifting of ninety fix Gallies, was Aly ^Fajha, the Admiral and Commander in Chief, liipported on eacli Hand by Tertauh 'Pajhay and the Txeafurer of the Fleet ; and in the Right and Left Points of that 2 3 o Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. that Divifion were 'Dardaganus, Governor of the Arfenal of Coti- jlanthiople^ and Hajj'an Bey, Governor of Rhodes. The Left Wing was compofcd of ninety three Sail, led by Oluz-Aly, T>ey of y^l- gier, who had his Poft in the Right Point of that Divifion, in the Left of which was Carans HoziaSy a famous Pirate ; and the Body of Rcfcrve was commanded by Amurath 'Dragut Rays, confifting of thirty Gallics. In this order \\-\oria's Intentions, and imagining he was lliift- ing for himfelf, fepararcd from that Wing, and lay ftill with their Oars apcek between it and the main Body, whofe Example was pre- fently followed by five others. Oluz Aly immediately took the Advantage of iiirrounding thcfe Gallics, but the Venetians^ though {o very much unequal in Number, defended themtclvcs with great Valour, till at length being o\ ercome, they were all pur to the Sword. He then made the beft of his way towards the main Body of the Turkijh Fleet , and T)oria perceiving Don John's Succeis, ftruck in with his whole Right Wing againft the Barbarians, who began to fly. The Marquis of Saftta Cruz, as foon as the Smoak would permit hira to ice what was to be done, alfo came in with his Body of Rcfervc to join in Purfuit of the Enemy; and Oluz- Aly finding that not only Aly\ Standard was ftruck, but that the Body of the Fleet was entirely broken, crouded all the Sail he could, and efcaped with thirty Gallics, all the reft of his Divifion being ei- T/jc Turks Croatiansy and 'Dalmatians, who committed Piracy in the Gulph oi Venice, and were Enemies both to Turks and Chriftians ; but more particularly to the Venetians, who had the greateft Trade in that Sea. They received fome Protedlion from the Emperor, as Archduke of Aujiria, and made Zegna, a Sea Port of Croatiay within that Prince's hereditary Dominions, their chief Place of Re- TfeeVenetiar.s fidcnce ; for which Realbn it the more concerned the Republick to "mluiMh extirpate them : they gave the Venetians a great deal of trouble for Pnatei. abovc twcnty Ycars, during which the War was carried on with little or no Interruption, and mofl: barbarous Hoftilities were pradiiled on both fides; but at length they were obliged to rranfport their Farai- A. D. 1618.3 ijes from Zegna, and deliver up the VefTcls they uled to commit Piracy with, which were all burnt. Amtirath IV, Emperor of the Turks, being engaged in a War with Terfia (where he undertook the Siege of Babylon) he, to le- cure himlelf on the Side of Chriftendom, called together all the Cor- fairs of Tunis, Tripoli zwAAlgier, and committed to them the Guard of the Archipelago ; which Pirates, under Colour of that Bu- finefs afligned them, committed terrible Depredations in the Gulph of Venice, plundered all Ships they met with, and ravaged the Coafts both Chap. V. Rutn of the Rom. Empire. 235 both oi Naples ^.n^Dalmatia. To reprcfs thefe Inlblences, Ma- rinus CapellOy the Venetian General, went againft them with a Number of Gallies well equipped, and engaging them off La Va- lona, gave them a fignal Defeat, wherein they had fifteen hundred r/;-? Venetians Men killed, four Gallies funk, and twelve taken, with above fix- ^J"'"^!"* "• teen hundred Chriftian Captives on board, who were reftored to AisierTerL their Liberty. In 1645-, a War broke out between the Republick and the Turks, i(S4j. upon occafion of the taking a Galeon, wherein was an old Officer a new war of the Seraglio, who was going to ^gypt in his way to Mecca, baivccn the with feveral other Turks of Quality ot both Sexes. The Knights Jen^ialTs'f oi Malta had feized thisVeffel the Year before, and to make it ap- pear the more confiderable in the World, gave out, that they had taken a Son of the Grand Siguier's, whom his Mother was fending to Mecca to be circuracifed. The Sultan then reigning was Ibra- him, one of the mod brutal of Mankind, who hearing of this Loft, fell into the moft furious Paffion, and making a thoufand Vows that he would root out the Chriflian Name, he immediately {zx. about the greateft Preparations for War which had ever been known in theO^- toman Empire, efpecially by Sea. Upon this the Pope, the King of Spain, and all the Princes of Italy were mightily alarmed, and wait- ed with Anxiety to fee where the Storm would break out : But the Republick had moft occafion to fear, as being much more expofed, wherefore they omitted nothing which was neceffary for her De- fence. The Sultan, indeed, gave them the moft pofitive and ex- prefs Affurances that his Preparations were only levell'd againft the Ifland of Malta, and that he had not the leaft Thoughts of moleft- ing them; notwithftanding which, on the twenty fourth oi June 1645', the Turkijh Fleet confifting of three hundred and fixty eight Ships and Gallies, on board which were embarked fifty thoulimd Men, having made a Shew of failing towards Malta, fuddcnly came rhe TurkiOi to Candia ; where the Captain Tajha landing his Troops, imme- candfa"'"' " diately invefted Canea, the fecond City of the Ifland, which, after They take d- two Months ficge, he made himfelf Matter of, but not without the nea. Lofs of a prodigious Multitude of Men. The Turks had (pent two or three Years in reducing Ret into, and feveral other Places of lefs Note in the Ifland ; when Morojini, who commanded the Venetian Fleer, hoping to make them abandon the Ifland, failed up the Ar- chipelago, and lay before the 'Dardanelles, blocking up the Turkijh x/jcVcnetians Fleet almoft in fight of Conjiantinople. Immediately hereupon the oardalidief * Sultan ifliied his Orders for afl^embling all the Ships from Barbary, and the Places about the Archipelago, making great Levies of Men in Greece and Macedonia ; and Mujfa Tajha having got together three hundred Sail, broke through the ^Dardanelles with little Lofs, The Turkilh and having landed forty thoufand Men on the Continent, bore away ^'"' *''«»** again with his Fleet : But Morofini, accompanied with the Pope's Dardanelles. Gallies, and thofe of Malta, following him in the Rear, brought him to a Skirmilh, wherein they both loft their Lives. Gri- maniy another of the Venetian Admirals, was drowned in a great H h X Storm; 23 ^ Naval Tranfatltons fince the Book III. A. D. 1648. Storm; and the fame Year the Turks opened the Siege of the Ci- ty of Candia. James de Riva being next Year General at Sea, and receiving Ad- vice that the Turkijh Fleet was at Fochia in Natol'ta, lie repaired ^ttti!iTTak^^ thither, and attacked them with fuch Succefs, that he took, iimk, ordtjiroythe OT othcrwifc dcftroycd the whole Fleet, on board which was an im- Turkiftif/ee/. j^ei^lg Sum of Moncy, great part of which was taken; and not long after, at the Entrance of the 'Dardanelles^ the Turks were twice put to flight by the Venetian Fleet under the Command of Mocen'igo. Their Lofles this Campaign were fo great, that they i6j4. durft not once put to Scathe next Summer; but in i6')jf,Fofcolo, the Venetian Admiral, was obliged to retire before the Turkijh Fleet ; yet Mocenigo rallying agaiuft them, committed great Slaughter, but TheTMx\%are unfortunately died in the Clole of the Campaign. Morojini, the ^fi"/""" Troveditorc Genera!, blocked up the Entrance of the T>ardanelles, which the Turks endeavoured to break through ; bur, after an ob- ftinate Difpute of eight Hours, they were repulfed and defeated ; and Voio, when Morofini proceeding to Volo^ in Thejffaly, took that Place, '^aUttnZt with all the Stores of War and ProviHons which were laid up there ken. ' for the Turkijh Fleet, and this in Sight of the Beglerbey of Greece. The next Year Laurence Marcello repaired to the T)ardanellesy where, in the Month of June., he came to a Battel with the Ene- my, wherein he fell one of the firfl: ; but the next Officers Bar- bara^ Contarinif and Morofini, concealing his Death, continued the Fight, and at length, after a whole Day's Engagement, obtained the Tfee Turks are VicStory, with great Lois of the Infidels. In this Battel were re- aiTfom'el- leafed no lels than five thoufand Chriftian Slaves, and this Succels fiaads taken, was followcd by thc Rcdudtion oi' Tenedo and Stalimine, though *«r foon re- jf^g Enemy indeed foon after regained thole Iflands. 1661. In i<562, the Venetian Fleet, having wintered at thc Ifland 'Pa- rioy repaired very early to its old Station before the 'Dardanelles, where a Squadron lay ready to proceed to thc Relief of Canea, then hard prefTed by the Venetians, and about the fame time thc Fleet from jUgypt was expedled at Conjiantinople ; wherefore the Vene- r/^eVenetians tian Admiral, leaving a Squadron to block up the Dardanelles, re- Dafda'nelfe' P^i^^^ i^ c\nc^ of thc Mgyptian Fleet, and happily falling in with and heat the if, took moft of the Ships. ^gyptian -phe two following Campaigns were difputed moftly afliore : Bar- bar igo was then General at Sea, to whom one 'Paulini was Secretary, who, writing fomewhat freely to one of his Friends at Venice con- cerning the State of thc Fleet, the Veflel by which he fent his Let- ter, with other's of the General's, happen'd to be ran afhore ; fo that the Difpatches were taken out and brought back to the Gene- ral, who, finding this Letter inclofed in one of his Packets, open- ed and read it, and immediately in a mofl: violent Rage lent for Paulini, gave him but two Hours to prepare himfelf for Death, The Secretary and, whcn the Time was expired, threw him into the Sea. An In- inn'jidmlrai ^^"'^^ ^^ ^ °^°^ barbarous and unreafonable Severity, to punifh a thrown into Fault of Indifctetiou with thc fame Rigour as if the Offender had the sta. been Chap. V. Ruin of the Rom. Empire, 237 been guilty of Treafon, and correfponded with the Republick's E- nemies. Nor will it cxcufe him if wc fuppofe the Perfbn wis pla- ced in his Service to be a Spy on his Condud:, (a thing frequently pradilcd by the Venetians with refpecSt to theft Officers) fince he was his Fcllow-Subje(5l, and a Member of the fame Community with himlelf The next Year the Republick Was embroiled in a Dilputc with A. D. i66). Vo^<^ Alexander V\\. That Prince, well known for being engaged in ievcral Defigns little fiiitable with the Sandlity of his pretended Chara6ttr, took ic into his Head to difpuce the Venetians Right to ThePofedif- the Dominion of the Adriatick. in puriiiance of which the Repub- ^"'^ '^l^fl lick makes the Snips that iail there pay lomething of a Duty for to the Adti- the Libcrry and Security of the Navigation , with the Prote6tion atick; whereof the Venetians charge themlelves. The Pope pretended his Subjc(9:s ought to be exempted from paying this Duty, and ifTUed general Orders, forbidding them to make any fiich Acknowledg- ment. He carried the Matter io far as to fcize forrle Ships of the Venetians in his Harbours upon this Occafion : But the Senate if- fuing out Letters of Reprisals, and having much greater Opportu- nities of procuring Satisfaction to themlelves that way, than the Pope, the Trade of the Subjeds of the Ecclefiiftical State Was pre- fently at a (land, and the Seas fliut up frohi them ; which coming, with loud Complaints of the People who had fuffered, to the Ears of the Pope, he was forced to revoke his Orders, and be glad to but is hum- let that Affair (land upon its old footing. bUdbythtm. In 1667 the Venetians (itted out a confiderable Fleet, which they 1667. divided into three Squadrons, one to take its Station at the 'Darda- nelles, another to cruife about the Archipelago^ and the third off Sapienza againft the Cor [aires. In 1669 the City oiCandia was '^'^9- furrendcrcd, after a Siege of one and twenty Years, wherein died renderJ.'^'" before it above fixty thoufand Mahometans, the Venetians having fpent in the Defence thereof four Millions two hundred and fifty five thoufand Ducats, bcfides the Charge of Stores and Provifions, and had facrificcd the Lives of above twenty nine thouland Men, when they delivered up the Town, reduced to a heap of Rubbifh, upon honourable Terms. Being now exhaufted with this War of five and twenty Years Continuance, they were forced to incline to Peace, and quit all Pretenfions to Caitdia, retaining only fome few Peace between Places in the Nighbourhood of that Ifland. it'/ruS'"' In 1684 they entered into an Alliance with the Emperor, and the 16S4.' ' Crown of 'Toland againft the Turks ; in which War, under the Con- du6t of their General Morojini, they reduced all the Morea to their ^*< '^'"' «- Obedience, and had fevcral other (Ignal Succeffes both by Land and "^^'"vlnedans Sea. The ducal Dignity was in 1688 conferr'd on Morojini, who nduci the ftill continuing General, took the Caftles of 'Patras and Romelta, ^^""^^l' *^'' which guard the Entrance of the Gulph of Lepanto, together with and take feve- the City of that Name, and fcveral other confiderable Towns; and rai other pia- the Republick's General, Cornaro, alio took Cajiel Novo in 'T>al- "'• matia ; but Morojint failing in his Dcfign of (urprizing Negropontey cook 238 Naval Tra?ifa8ions Jince the Book III. took however Napoli d't Romania. Under Sebaftian Valier., Mo- TA. are a- Jq^- fifteen Sail, and had much ado to efcape with the reuiainin2 five tam beaten. cr, ■ ^ * to Tifa. It was now the time for chufmg a new Podeftat at that Place, the annual chief Magiftrate of that Republick, and they elected Te- ter Morofint a Venetian, hoping by fuch a Choice to engage that State on their iidc, which ever fincc the Beginning of the War had continued Neuter. They lent out their new Podcftat with levenry two Gallies againft the Genoefe, who on their Part detached a Fleet of eighty Gallies and eight Frigates under the Command of Aubert 'Doria, Courade Spinola being his Vice -Admiral. Between the A notable Mallova and Leghorn the two Fleets met, where T)oriay to prevent fhe'^FhenlT ^^^ Enemy's efcaping, placed one Squadron between them and the Pifa and Ge- Shore ; and another Divifion, under Benedict Giacaria, was dilpo- noa, and the f^j ^j- ^ convenient Diffance, to come in, uponoccafion, to the Re- ormcr rout- j.^^. ^^ ^^^^ Gallics as Ihould be diftreffed, with a Tender for each Gaily. The 'Pifans were much inferior in Number, but notwith- ftanding T>orids Precautions, they got near enough to the Shore ro fight under the Protection of the Caftles o'i Leghorn. Morojlni had the Command of their Right Wing, and the Son of Count Ugoltn was in the Left, in the Admiral Gaily oiTifa, difplaying the chief Flag of the Republick. The Difputc was long and obftinate, till at length the Genoefe made themfelves Maftcrs of the Admiral Gai- ly, and flruck the Flag; whereupon eufued a general Terror amongft the Tifans, inlbmuch that the Genoefe gained a compleat Vi(ftory, pofTefling themfelves of thirty Gallies, having already funk feven ia the Heat of the Engagement, the reft with difficulty, under Co- vert of the Night, getting fafe to Tifa. The Number of the Slain on the Side of the Pijans amounted to above five thoufand, and very many were taken Prifoners, among whom was the Podeftat himfelf, and the Son of Count 1)golifi, who were fcnt, with the reft to Genoa, where they were found to be no Icls than nine thoufand; which gave Rife to a Saying in Italy that, If one '•jvonld fee Pifa, he muji go to Genoa. ^ This Vidory was io confidcrable that the A. D. ii84- Genoefe Senate caufed 'the 6''' oiAuguft, the Day on which it was obtained, to be kept as a Iblemn Anniverfary, and the Flag that was taken from the Enemy was hung up in the great Church of St. Mat- thew as a Trophy of their Succels. After this they reduced the $ ' Ifland Ch A P. V I. Ritin of the Rom. Empire. 2 4. i lOjiid oi Elba, plundered Z,£'^/j,5A«, deUroyed the Tower ac rhe En- ^""^ t^enoefe trance or' the Port of -Pifa, and carried away the Cham which was E^^'^Jf/^f laid acrofs for its Security. This Blow was fo fatal to the '^Fi/ans, greal jvi/chitf that thcv could never recover ir, and at once there was an end put " «"« ^'"'^"s- to that Power which had formerly quelled the Saracens., and drove them ouc of Sardinia, that h.id reduced Tuvis, and lent its King Captive to the Rouian Pontiff, taken T'alermo, the Capital of cV/fi- An end put /)•, from the Saracens, with prodigious Slaughter of the Barbari- " ''' ''''^^" ans ; had opened the way to Syria for the Chriftian Princes, and had been greatly afTiftant both to the Kings oi Arragon, and the Emperors oi Germany : But there opens next a Scene of War to the ^^'■^5'''^^'*"' (jenoeje with a niorc formidable Enemy, the Venetians. a„arrei, and Henry 'Pifcator, Governor of the South Parts of the Aloreay -■^y with a Number of Genoefe Ships which were lent as Auxiliaries to him, took rhe City oi Caudia, and fevcral other Places of that Ifland ^f, caXa'^^ from the Venetians : And foon after a great Difputc happened be- c^t. tween the two Nations at Acre in Syria, as we have before menti- oned. Palteologm, Emperor of the Greeks, having given to the Genoefe the City oi Smyrna., and the Ifland oi Scio, it created a great Animofity in the Venetians, and adminifter'd frequent Occa- fl>ins of Difpures between them. The Genoefe were then Ma- ilers of the City of Tyre., in Syria^ as the Venetians were of Acre^ lb that there was no navigating in the Levant without the utmofl: Hazard from ouc or other of the two Nations. In the be- ginning of the War, ten ^i?;/*??/^;/ Merchant Ships , richly laden, fi'-erai Mer- .■were taken by Stephen Grilli, the Genoefe Admiral, under the "*''"' ^^^^'• Walls oi 'Dnrazzo ; the Venetian Fleet was alfo forced to retreat • from before Tyre, to which they had laid Siege ; and Aubert T^o- ria took and plundered the City of G^z/f/?, and levelled great part ^„^ ,/,, oVy of it with the Ground. Soon after the Genoefe fitted out a Fleet Canea frc.m of five and twenty Gallies, under the Command oi Luke Grimaldi, '^^^eneuans. affiled by two Perfons of Senatorian Rank in the Nature of Col- jhematesnt- legucs, which Grimaldi, in his way to Syria, took three Venetian cejjes of the Ships and attacking the Citadel o^ Acre, in a fhort time forced it ^^''^Genoefe. to lurrcndcr; to revenge which Lofs, the Venetians lurprized and plundered Pera and Focbia, two wealthy Settlements of the Genoefe, and carried off a Booty of immenfe Riches. As they were return- ing home, under the Command of Roger Morojini, they were at- tacked by Nicholas Spinola, the Genoefe Admiral, who recovered the Booty, and entirely defeated thcra, taking five and twenty of their Gallies. Having got ready a Fleet of feventy three Sail, they put Lambo T)oria at the Head of it, who failing into the yf^ri^^/f/^ in queft of a. D. 1298. the Venetians, fell in, o^ Curzola, with their Fleet commanded by Andre-jv T)andolo, confifling of double the Number of the Genoeje. Notwithftanding this great Superiority, he bravely engaged them, Tify heat th'. and with {o good Succefs, that he took or deftroycd the whole p.';"^''"^" Fleet, except twelve Gallies which got ofT, very much fliattered. The Venetian Admiral was taken Prilbner, with above fcven thou- fand others ; with which Misfortune he was lb much afflicted, that \\ he 242 NavalTvanfaBions fincc the Book III. he beat our his Brains on the Poop of the Ship on board which he was carried. Nor did the Venetians, under Alark Baffb, engage Peat them a- the Gettoefe with more Succcfs near the "Dardanelles, where they f gam near the j(^[^ fixcecn GalHes : and after this Tbilip 'Doria laid waftc the ^ Dardaneks, ji^^^^j ^^j.- ]S[egro^onte , and took the chief Town of the fame Name. Then the Greek Emperor and the King oi Arragon entering into an Alliince wich the Venetians , the Genoefe yec more increaled an.i after- thcif Rcpucation, by defeating the united Force of {o many Eue- 'T'!^'.'"il ™ies confederated againft them. The Venetians fitted out forty ces \f the Gallies under the Command oi Nicholas'Pifani, and Tancratiicsju- CfteckF-wpe- JUniani^ Captain of the Gulph ; and the King o'i Arragon eighty, Zlui 'vmkc"' under the Command of Don 'Tontiws de Leon, who failing up the Archipelago, joined the Fleet oi John Catacuzejtm the Greek Em- peror. The Genoefe Fleet confided of fixty Sail, under the Orders oi''Faz^an "Doria, a Captain of great Reputation, who near 'Pera, in the'^Srreights of Conftantinoplc, fell in with rhe Fleet of the Con- federates, and upon their approaching him, he dilpofed his Fleet in two Divifions, and made the Signal for engaging. The Venetians received the Genoefe with great Courage, but being too near the Shore, they could not lufficiently extend their Front, fb that fev% ral of their Gallies were rendered ufelels, which gave the Genoefe a great Advantage ; and having fought very bravely all Day, they and again wcTC at length fotccd to betake themlelves to flight, and leave the lent the Ve- QgfioQj^g Maftcts of the Sea, having loft near four thoufand Men, their confe- among whom were two hundred Catalan Knights ; and Don Pon- (lerates. ttus de Lcon , Stephen Contarini, Procurator o^ Sz. Alark, John Strevo, and Tancratius Jujliniani were of the Number of the (lain; whereas the Lofs of the Genoefe did not amount to above feven hun- dred. Thirty of the Venetian Gallies were taken, with eighteen of the Arragonefe ; but the Greeks being in the Rear, they had no Share in the Engagement, lb that they retreated without any Lofs. The ihatrered Remains of the Venetian Fleer made the bcft of their A. D. 1351. way to Candia, while Doria came with his victorious Gallics be- fore Conjiantinofle , whereby he lo difmayed the Greek Emperor, The Greek that he was glad to conlent to a Peace with the Republick. This y.mferor for- ^p^gan Doria defeated two Years after, off the I He of Safienza, an- Peaze with Other Flcct of the Venetians commanded by the lame Nicholas Gcnoi. Tifani, in which Engagement the Venetians had five thoufand Men The Genoefe taken Prifoncrs, among whom was the Admiral himfelf, and near as 1:^m" tTcv't- ro^ny ^^'cre flain ; and Doria, having lent the Prifbners to GenoOy neuans. failed up the Adriatick, where he burnt and plundered the Town of Tarenzo in IJtria. This War was followed by another with Cyprus, which was fee on foot and fupported by the Venetians, who inftigated Te- ter de Lufignan, King of the Ifland, againft the Genoefe. Teeter Fulgofe was thereupon detached to Cyprus with a Fleet of forty Take Fama- three Gallies where he laid fiege to Famagujfa, and having made guih, fl»rfo^- himfelf Mafter of the Place, foon reduced the King o^ Cyprus to it.zethe King ^ j^ Extrcmitics, that he was obliged to accept of a Peace at the 0/ Cyprus fa ' & r ask Peace. DllCrC- 4 Chap. VI. Rtihi of the Rom. Empire. 243 Difcrction of the Conquerors, granting them the PofTeflion of Fa- tnagujia, and agreeing to pay them an annual Penfion of forty thou- fand Crowns. So high at this time ran the Reputation of the Re- publick, that her Fricndfliip was carneftly courted by fcvcral States, rhevnendjiii> and by Ibrac purchafed with Mony. Andronicus 'Junior^ under- "{ '^^ ^^"°" taking to difpolTcis his Uncle of the fame Name, who fate on the the Throne of the Greek Empire, he, in order to engage the Gc- nocfe in his Inrerefl, gave them the Ifland oiTencdo in x.\\q Archi- pelago, which Emanuel., the Son oi Calo 'Johannes, about the fame time promilcd to the Venetiajis, if they would afTift him in obtain- ing the Empire. Hereupon a new War broke out between the Genoefe and Vene- ^ "'^ "^''"' tians, with the former of whom Tided Leiziis King of Hungary, ,:",t ceno'i Francis Carraro, Prince of ^adua, the Archduke oi Auftria, and ''"^ Venice, the Patriarch oi Aquileia \ and with the latter Barnaby Vifconti, ^''"^ '*« '■«"- Duke of Milan, witli 'Feter de Lufignan, King of Cyprus, who took this Opportunity of breaking his late Treaty. The Genoefe Fleet under Lucian TJoria, entring ihc Adriatic k, fell in with that oi Ve- nice, commanded by Victor Fifani, and immediately engaging each other, they fought with great Bravery on both fides ; in which Dil- pute the Geuoeje Admiral was llain with an Arrow. But that which ufually occafions the Lofs of a Battel, (which often follows the Fate of the General) here greatly contributed to the obtaining the Vic- tory ; for thole who were near him, iceing him fall, vowed Re- venge to his Manes, while thofe who were at a greater Diftance, (deceived by another Perlbn who took his Pofl, appeared with the i'amc Arms, and fought with the like Rclblution) thought it a Dis- honour not to imitate the Example of their luppofed Admiral : So that at length they gained a compleat Vidtory, the Enemy retiring ^^eVenetians with the Lofs of fifteen Gallics. Hereupon the Genoefe failed up ^and^feverli' the Adriatick after them, and fcizcd Huwago, on the Coafl; of /- pUus taktn fria, which Succcfs was followed loon after by the Redudtion of ^> '^' ^^^no- Grado and Caorle. Proceeding thence, they attacked Falejlrina ixnd Chiozza, both in the Neighbourhood oi Venice, and carried the firft with little or no Rcfiftancc, but the latter cofl; them a Siege. This was undertaken by Feter F)oria, whom the Genoefe had fcnt out with a Reinforcement of fifteen Gallics to {xxccccA Lucian, flaio in the late Fight. He forced Chiozza to furrcnder, and reduced the J'"'^ '"'" Venetians to iiich Extremities, that .they would gladly have accept- reduce y'enke cd a Peace on any Conditions, and fent Miuifters to implore it at « s'-'^"/ t-x- his Hands ; but he fatally rciblving to continue the War, well nigh "'"""'"■ complcated the Ruin of his Country. However, after this, he re- duced the Town and Ifland of Malamocco, but in a ihort time was flain in an Engagement near Loredo, as is beforementioncd, and left the Genoefe Affairs in an ill Condition to his Succcfl"or GafparSpi- nola. After this the Venetians had fuch (Ignal Succcflcs, that they p^pnl^Genoz dilpoflefTed them of all their Acquifitions in thole Parts, and forced »f aii herAc- them to retire out of xhc Adriatick ; {o that the Genoefe becoming 1',"/'^'^"//""^ weary of the War, were glad now to accept of a Peace they had of p'tace. late ib haughtily refufcd. a. 0.1381, liz A War 244 ^aval TrafifaB'tons fmce the Book III. ji jvar breaks A War fooD after breaking out between the Genoefe and Floren- The Genoefe t'lues, the Venetians, taking part with the latter, entered the Ter- andV\Qxta- ritorics of Thilip Duke oi Milan, who was in AUiance with Ce- tines. jiQ^^ and in their Engagements alhore had good Succeis, but were worfted when they came to fight with their Gallies on the ^o. Ni- cholas Trevifano commanded thole of the Venetians, as John Gri- maldi, an expert Genoefe Captain, did thole of the Duke o{ Milan; who falhng down from "Tavia with his Fleer, near Cremona, enga- ged that of the Venetians (which was greatly fupcrior) with fiich TieVenetians Succels, that he obtained a fignal Vioria and Spinola bore the chief Sway, fbmetimes ruling alter- A. D. 1300. nately, and fometimes jointly, till at length they became divided in The Faai- the Fadlions of the Guelphs and Gibe times. The 'Doria's, who Gnt\f^tand ^°°^ P^'^ ^^ith thc GibelUnes., being expelled the City, laid wafte Gibellines. all Chap. VII. Ruhiof the^om. Empire. 24.5 all rhc Coafts of the Rcpublick , with their Depredations ; where- upon Frederick Marabota was lent our againfl: them with a Fleer, Frederick who coming up with the Ships of the 'Dorias, found them greatly '^^"i'ota liiperior ; io that not thinking it proper to hazard an Engagemcntj FUc^againfl if it could be poffibly avoided, he ufcd his beft Endeavours to get '^« Doria"*; clear of them, and Night coming on, by help of the following Stra- but avoids ragem , favoured his Efcape. He rook a Number of wooden '*"" ^J " Shields, and placing Lamps in the Hollow of them, let them afloat, "''"^^'^'"■ which the Dorias imagining were rhe Lights of the Gallics, went in qucfl: of the Shields, while he, fleering another Courfe, got out of the reach of his Enemies. At length, the Subjcd:s o{ /Irragon very much infefling the Coafls of the Republick, and oi Sardinia^ the two contending Factions The nvoTaai- uniced for their common Detencc, and ficted out a Fleet of forty ^^|„y? '"/;/ five Gallies, the Command whereof was given to Anthony Grimaldi, Anigon, and who repairing to the Coalls oi Catalonia, lurprized a confiderable ^■^"" 'kemat Number of Ships belonging loTarragona, which lay at Anchor un- " der the Shore, and fcr them all on fire. From thence flretching o- vcr to Majorca., he there made a -Defcent, and formally declared War in the Name of the Rcpublick againfl the King of Arragon, to whom that Ifiand, wkh Al/norca, then belonged; and departing A. D. 1333. thence, he, off Port Mahon, fell in with the Enemy's Fleet of for- ty two Gallics, which he engaged and put to flight. The next Year, Salagro Nigri cruifing o^ Minorca with ten of the Republick's Gallies, fell in with four flout Ships of War of the Enemies, in their PafTage from Cagliari to Barcelona, with leveral noble Catalans and their Families. He was reiblved not to let fb rich a Booty efcape him, and therefore, though the Enemy were going right- afore the Wind with a frcfli Gale, he would not leave any "thing unatremptcd which might contribute to his coming up with them, infomuch that he lightened his Gallies of every thing which could retard their way, and threw overall his Provifions, tell- ing the Seamen there was enough on board the Ships before them, and that they mufl overtake them, or flarvc. This fucceeded fb T^^Genoefe well, that he foon came up with the Ships, and, after a finart Dif- J„'","^/'^^. pure, made himfblf Mafler of them, killing a confiderable Number -vcrai sktfi of of Men, and taking fcven hundred Prifoners. Thence making the Airagon. befl of his way for Sardinia, he on that Coafl met with ten Sail of the Enemy's Ships, which he alio engaged, and taking them all, returned in Triumph to Genoa : And now the Quarrel between the The &uarrd Guelphs and Gibellines reviving, there was nothing more done a- ^'"j',"," ''" . J ^11 r-»' ./- • 1 y-i- r vjueipiis ana gainfl the Arragonefe ; but the Divinons m the City were lo great, cibeiiines n- that it caufcd an Alteration in the Form of Government, Simon Boc- ■"'■^"■ canigra being made the firfl Doge. Under his Adminiflration, Simon ^arto was fent up xhc Archi- simon'soc- pelago with a Squadron of nine Gallics, who arriving at 'Pera, had canigra tht great Complaints made to him of the Depredations committed on 1"^ ^'i'- the Genoefe Ships by Zarabis, a Mahometan Prince,, who then pofTefTed Sinopoit ; whereupon he made fail towards that Place, in order to lay fiegc to it;- but on his Arrival there, Zarabis en- gaging 2 4^ Naval TranfaBions fmce the B ook 1 II. gaging by Treaty not to molcfl: the Genoefc in their Trade any more, he repaiicd to Ca^ha, in Little Tartary^ then a flouriihing Settle- rhe Treachery ment of the Republick's. Upon his Departure, the Infidel, wich- o/aMahome- Qm any regard to his Treaty, refolved to feize on (bme Geuoe/e Merchant Ships richly laden, in their way to the Helkfpont^ and went out with a Squadron of ten Gallics for that purpofe ; but ^arto receiving Intelligence of hisDcfign, reinforced his Squadron T/isGenoefe with fome Gallies which were at Cafha, and failed in quefl: oi Za- tntirthj deftat fabis^ With whom engaging, he entirely defeated him. About the fame time a Fleet of twenty Sail was lent under the Command of Giles Boccanigra^ the Doge's Brother, to the Affiftance rhe-y affifl the of Alpbofifus , King of Cajtile, then engaged in a War with Bett- M^ILm J^(^ob, King oi Morocco, who rendered great Service to that Prince the King of agaiiifl his Enemies ; and foon after Buffenus ^gubius was fent out Morocco. ^yj[}^ another Fleet on the fame Service, who took or deftroyed twelve of the Enemy's Gallics. A. D. 1345. jjj 13^5-^ a Fleer of twenty nine Sail was fitted out under the Command of Simon Vignofo, on board each of the Ships whereof were put two hundred Archers ; and before the Admiral fet fail, the Standard of St. George, Patron of Genoa , was with great Cere- mony put into his Hands by the Doge, in the Place of St. Laurence. With this Fleet Vignofo repaired firf\ to Terracina, zgddnik. Nicholas, ovtrcome^thi Qouut of Fundi, who had declared agaiuft the Republick, and by di?'a»i rece- fcizing that Place, with Ibme of his Caflles about Gaeta, fbon brought ■ver the Inland him to Rcalon ; and proceeding thence to the Archipelago, reco- Scio. vered the Ifland Scio, on whofe Inhabitants he conferred the Privi- leges of Citizens of Genoa, and reduced both Fochia Nova and Fo- chia Veja to the Obedience of the Republick. The Genoefe could not long continue without a Change of Go- A. D 1353. vernment, and now in 135-3, the prevailing Fadbion fubmitted to John 2"°* £' Vtfiontt, Duke oi Milan, under whofe Adminiftration Thilip T>o- Governmtnt ria wcut out with a Fleet of twenty Sail to the Coall of Barbary, "■fMii ^"'^ where having defeated a confiderable Force of the Pirates, he feized 'ihe-j beat the and plundered Tripoli, their Place of Habitation, and laid wafte all Pirates of the adjaccut Country. Vifconti's Government was foon at an Ihl^Doge u"re~ ^"'^» ^^^ Simoit Boccauigra, the late Doge, was again reftored to jiored. that Dignity, who dying, was fucceedcd by Gabriel Adorni, and 2h?Genoe(c he by 'Dominick Campofulgofo ; in whole Time the Ifland oi Malta reduce Malta, was reduced to the Obedience of Genoa by Thomas Marchi. A. D. 1387. In 1387, Afithojiy Adorni being Doge, the Genoefe made a fa- mous Expedition to Tunis, towards which they received great Af- fiflancc both from the French and Englifl?, of which latter there was fent to them a Regiment, confifling moftly of Gentlemen Vo- lunteers, under the Command of the Earl of 'Derby. But the Suc- cefs of this Undertaking was not anfwerable to the great Prepara- tions made for it, or the Strength of the Fleet and Army ; which and with after having fuffered very much, returned without having gained any ailinfiTlms, Other Advantage than the Redudbion of the l{[e of Zerbi, a Place hut take only of foizU Confequcnce on the Coaft of Tripoli. the IJle of Zerbi. Ten Ch A p. V 1 1 . Ritin of the Rom. Empire. 247 Teu Years after rhcy rubmitred to the French King, CharlesYl, ^'"y f»}'"'tf and received for Governour from him Valerand de Luxemb:)urz-> 'VJi'V'^^r^^ Counc of- S^ rauL bar in a inorc rime growing weary ot him, tiiey aj'icr luU the maffacrcd all rhc Ft cncb in the City, and invited the Marquis of '"'''" ';*^> """^ Montfcrat to accept ot their Obedience. In his time the Genoejc j'tLls TnJer renewed their old Qiiancl with the Catalans, and under the Com- ''" m-"'i»'' mand oi Baftifi Lifirdo, and Taitl Lercafo, dcfcircd their Fleet "-^ '''^^""''''• offoty/Zexa/tdr/a in ^'EgyJ^t ; \vh{\c^ndre'-j:;'7)oria repairing with ano- r>Vy ie.n the ther Squadron to Barcelona, burnt Ibme of the Enemy' Ships in eUetofthe the Ro.ld there. ' Catalans. lf[)c Gai'iefe not long after threw off" the Government of the Marquis ol Montferat; and in 1417, Thomas Fregofe being Doge, A. D. 1417. made a Peace with the French, who 'till that time only waited an rhwu off the Opportunity to recover the Government of the Repiiblick into their ^"■^"-mnem Hands; but now the £'z/^///)^, under //i'/zry V, being Mafrcrs of the .f;?]^ ^"'Z^'^'*'^' greacefl Part of the Kingdom, the Regent willingly came into an '""'^'- '"-'^ Accommodation that might be of ufc to him againlt his Enemy. By ^"""• this Treaty Fregofe engaged to furnilli the French with eight great Carrack'^, as many Galiics, and fix hundred Crofs-bow Men, com- T^'^y aid. the manded by John Grhnaldl, who did great Service againft: the £'«^- ,^J!"^"J"/' lijh. The two Fleets, each confiding of above a hundred Sail, came Ln^hai. to an Engagement in the Mouth of the Seine, where the Genoe/e for a long time fuftained the mod: vigorous Attacks of the Enemy, "^ ^^'' '^'S^'^ and the Ship commanded by Laurence Fogl'tetta defended it felfa- French" g'- gainfl: icvcn Englifh Ships, 'till iiie was at length dilengaged by the noefe and Dexterity of a Sailor, who cut the Cordage which held the Stage ^"s'''^^- the Englijh had thrown over to her Deck from one of their Ships. But notwirhftanding all the Efforts the Genoeje could make, the French lofl: the Battel, wherein John de Franquimont, the Son of the Vice Admiral was fiiin, and the Ballard oi Bourbon, who com- J^^^-'^^ manded the Fleet, remained a Priloncr to the Englifh, who alfo beaun. took four of the Genoefi Carracks, on board which was a Sum of Money for the Payracnc of three Months Wages for the whole Fleet. In 1.420, AlPhonfus King o^ Arragon invading the Ifiimd of C?r- ^' ^- '-^-^ • fica, had Calvi prelently iurrendcred to him, and proceeding thence to Bonifacio Kiicl fi.ge to that Place, carrying on the iame with Inch Vigour that the Inhabitants being ibon reduced to great Didrcls, dis- patched a Mcffcnger to Genoa to defire Ipeedy Relief, \vhcreupon '^'"'^ Genoefe John Baptiji Fregofe was ieiu with a Squadron of (even great Ships coi'l^iTa-^ to their Affiflance. Kiw^ Alphonfi/s, to prevent the City's rcceiv- rawjt tke ing any Relief by Sea, Ihut up the Entrance of the Harbour with f'"? "f'"^"^- a floating Boom, confiding of great Planks chained together, which ^'^"' was defended within by five large Ships ranged in a Line, from the two outermort: whereof were Stages laidacrols to the Shore, as there were alio from one Ship to the other ; and on each fide of thp Harbour's Mouth were raifed Batteries of Cannon. On rhc Arrival of Fregofe off of Bonifacio, the Garrifon fent him Advice, by a dextrous Swimmer, of the State of their Affairs, by whom he fig- nified his Diredtions to them to keep a good look out on their Walls, and 124-8 N aval Tr anfaclwjis fwce the BookIII and to be very vigilanr, that ib they might preveut a Surprize, which the Enemy would probably now attempt; and when they ihould oblerve he was attacking the Boom and Ships to Tally out jind breaking ^^l^^{[\^ a Body of ftout FcIlow?, cach with an Ax in his Hand, and cut Bani'f'ad'o"' t^c Cables by which the Ships were held. The fiift Ship that be- hirbour. gan the Attack was one of confidcrablc Force, ccmmanded by James Bcfiicia, which going afore the Wind with a bri^k Gale, forced her way through the Boom, and opened a PafTagc to the Ene- my's five Ship"^. Being immediately followed by orhers, there be- gan a warm Difpute, which was maintained for a long time with confiderable Lois on both fides. At length a skilful Diver, armed with a Helmet on his Head, and a Scymitar hung to his Side, threw himfelf into the Sea, and Iwimming under Water to the Enemy's Ships, cut their Cables ; which being thus loofed fcon fell foul of one another with great Deftrudtion. The Harbour being thus open- ed, Fregofe put into the Town his Reinforcement for the Garrilbn, They relieve with a Supply of Provifious, and paffing through the midft of the °'^"^''' Enem)'s Fleer, which waited for him off the Harbour's Mouth, re- turned fafely to Genoa. Now frcfli Diiluibances arifing in the City, feveral who had been bufie in lowing Sedition, were fentenced to Banifhraenr, who repair- 7he Duke of j^g j-q 'PhUip Dukc of Milan, To cffedtually pleadeJ their Cau'e with foivel to'at- him, that he refolved to attack the Republick, and for that pur- tack them. pofe hired eight Gallies of the Arragonefe., which he added to a num- ber of his own, to attempt rhcm by Sea. This Fleer he put under the Command of Raymond Corvar'iani, who, in the Mouth of the ylrno, engaged the Genoefc Fleer, and with fijch Succefs that he took He beats flye Gallics, together with Baj^tift Fiilgofe., the Admiral who cora- 'anTthly ful- maudcd them; upon the News of which Defeat the City fubmitred mil to him. it fclf to 'Philip. Under his Government their Affairs very much declined, the Ttirks taking from them all that they pofTefT-d in the V" '^^h^siif I^'^ck Sea, and infefted them with a Squadron of Gallies even in chief to them, their vcry Port, where the Infidels landed, and carried off a great Booty. 'Philip being engaged in a War with Alphonfus K.J:ig of Arragon (who was alfo King of both Sicilies, to wir, the- Illaud of that Name and the Kingdom oi Naples J he fent ou: Biugio Af- The-j I""* ''"' fcreto at the Head of the Genoefe Fleet, who entirely defeated the go"'" ' 'E^^cmy o({^ Gaet a, and took Alp honfips himfelf Prilbner, together with ieveral other Perfons of great Qiiality. Soon after this, the Genoefc, upon occafion of the Duke of i'l//- /^«'s ill Treatment of them, refolved to throw ofF his Yoke, and, under the Conduit of Francis Sfiuola., executed their Defign, dri- shake off the viug all the Milanefe out of the Cityj and killing Opizini Alzate, Vide of Mi- fj^g Pcrfon whom the Duke had made their Governour. Then th\hiir fettling the Adminiftratiori of the Government in the Hands of fix Government Ofl^cers, with the Title of Defenders of the publick Liberty, (in ort fix. oppofition to Philip and Alphonfus, who were now reconciled) they efpoufed the Caule oi Rene Duke oi Anjou, Alphonfus's Com- They cfiabtifi, petitor for the Crown of Naples, and, notwichftauding all the Ef- RcneD.:k:of £q jg of their Enemies, eftablilhed him in that Kingdom. Anjou tn Na- ' & ^ , pies. Not Chap. VIL Riihi of the Rom. Empire. 24^ Not long after happened another Change of Government among Thecozem- them, and Raphael Adorni was made Doge, who was liiccecded 'cXfc'i'n' by Icveral others in that Dignity, 'till at length the Republick came biijind, i,n again into the Hands of the Dukes of Milan ; and under Lewis ^''°" "f"" . Sforz^,, one of thole Princes, they became engaged in a War with 'tolhemll Charles VIII. the French King. The Genoefe Fleet was commanded ■'/Milan. by Spinola^ and that of the French by Miolani, who fought be- The French fore Rapallo^ when the latter received a total Defeat, Miolani be- f'^'^' heatm ing taken Prilbncr, with all the reft of the Officers and Seamen c^jnoa' "^ who were not flaiu in the Fight ; and the Recovery o^Rapallo, then held by the Enemy, was the Reward of the Viftory. But Francis I. in ifis", revenged this Difgrace, and outed Maximilian Sforza of A. d. r;ij, his Dominions; (o that not only the Durchy oi Milan^ but the ^^-'^ French State of Genoa, came into the Hands of the Frenchy who adminifter'd /ehls'Au- the Government of the latter by 0£l avian Fulgofe. lien (./■Milan In his time the Seas about Genoa were mightily lufefted by the '"''^ Genoa. Dcircdations of Cortologi, a Pirate oi Barbary, in queft of whom a Squadron was detached under the Command of Frederick Ful- gofif the Brother of the Goveruour ; who failing over ro Barbaryy where they little cxpcdled fuch a Guefl:, enter 'd the Port of Bifer- ta, and furprized fifteen Gallies and feven Saetia's lying there, with a great Number of Chriftian Slaves on board, all which he fafely The Genoefe brought off with him, after having firft fired the Suburbs of the '^'"^""''^^. Town. The Genoefe did not long continue in Subjcd:ion to the raus. ^ French, the Emperor Charles V. laying fiege to the City and redu- cing it to his Obedience ; from whom neverthelefs the French loon Genoa redu- afccr re-took it, and their Fadiion, under the Command of Thiltp "iby the 'Doria, defeated, in an Engagement at Sea, the Emperor's Fleet com- ^r^dZZd iT manded by Hugh de Moncada. That Officer was flain in the Fight, the French, and fcveral Peribns of Quality remained Prifoners to the Genoefe ^^^ ^"'^ only two Gallies of the Enemy's whole Fleet making their Efcape. FUet"',s'beat- The Prilbners were feut to Andrew 'Doria then the French King's "»• Admiral in the Mediterranean, who foon after quitting the French Intcreft, and entering into the Emperor's Service, obtained of him, A. D. 1518. as a Reward for his Defedion, (which was attended with that oi'^i^f^^^^'f^ Genoa) the Power of refloring his Country to its Liberty, at which andfcrves time he fettled the Government of it in the manner it continues at ''" Emperor. this time. Under the Conduct; of this Doria, who was at the fame time at the Head of the Emperor's Fleet, they took Coron in the Morea j^^^ from the Turks, and burnt fevcral of the Enemy's Ships there, but hc bums fe- Tioria put a Spanijh Garrifon into the Place. The next Year he ^^-"^^ J„"j'"'^ repaired again to the Relief of C9roria accornoanicd the Emperor to Africa^ where "'/Zit!cr th^t P"ncc having reduced the Caftlc of Golctta, with the Cities ro Africa, oVTuii'ts znA Boiia, xc(i^M\\\\ciMvIuley Hajfait in the Kingdom of whoreiicrei j'jifiis^ who had been diipoffcned of it by Harad'in Barbartijfa, the fan mT««ii. famous Pirate. In ifS?, 'T)oria defeated a Squadron of twelve A. D. 1537. Turkijh GalHcs off Corfu^ and the following Year he gave Battel to the forementioned B^irbariiffa, then Admiral of the Turkijh Fleet El'lTD^^ria "^^'' ^^^ If ^nd of St. Maitre ; but Fortune was not lb favourable to rtimt. him in this Engagement as {lie was wont; however he did not ihew lefs Courage or Condudi in the Retreat he made, than in his former Victories; and toward the End of the Campaign found means to re- duce Cajiel Nuovo in T>almatia. The fame Year Barbarujfa came with his Fleet before the Port of Genoa^ and lent in to demand of MiTs'^heCc- ^^^ ^^"^'^'^ ^^^ ^*-^^^°" of Hametb Keys Saletb, a Son oi Sinan Ta- 'not'x'to' de^- flyas, who \\^ been taken Prifoner, which was at firft: refufcd him, liver a Son oj jjut jn revcngc he fo ravaged the Coafts of the Republick, that they SinanPafl«'5. ^^^^^ ^^ lengdi forced to comply with his Demand. ^ Q , In i^f.?, the French having poflefTed themlelves of the Ifland of Corjica, 'Dor'ta went againfl: them with a Fleet, having on board a Body of feven thoufand Land Men, where he ib efTedualiy dealt with the Enemy, that he foon recovered the greateft Parr of the Doria/orw Ifland, and at length forced the French entirely to abandon it. This IwlTcor- %^^^^ M^"> during his Life-time, kept the Republick in a peaceable fica. Condition at home, but after his Death, which happened in 15- 6^c, A. D. \jf.o. jj^g State was miferably rent with Divifions between the ancient and flrcjfedby new Nobles, which at length, in the Year 1575", werecompoled by Taaiom. the Mediation of the Pope. A. D. 1 57?. Their Hiftory affords not any thing material from that time 'till A D i6i4 the Year 1614, when, being under the Prote<5tion of Spain, they became engaged in a War with the French King and the Duke of Savoy, then at War with that Crown about the Valtoltne : But they concluding a Peace two Years after, the Genoefe were of courfe included therein ; but not long after they were embroiled with Tht Ncapoii- the Spaniards, and in 1636, the Duke of Ferandina, Admiral of tan Admiral thg Neapolitan Gallies, came before Genoa with a Defign of fur- furfri^eCe- pti^.mg It, to faciiirate the Execution whereol a Body of Troops noj. was marched from out of the Milanefe to Novi ; but the Senate ha- ving Intelligence of the intended Projcd:, refufed him Entrance in- to the Port, and putting themfelves into a Poflure of Defence, fru- . ^ , ftrated the Defign. liePopepr)/- The Turks in 1645-, attacking the Ifland of Candia with a vafl: fe! theGeno- Fleet and Army, the then Pope Innocent X. was very preffing with fhe'ri^io re-' ^" ^^^ Ptinccs of Italy to join with the Venetians againfl: the com- itive Candia. mou Enemy ; and particularly he follicited the Genoefe to fend their Gallies to their Afliftance ; but the Republick refolved, e'er they embarked in that Bufinefs, to get terminated in their Favour the Dif- ference they had long had about Salutes with the Gallies of the Great Duke of Tufcany, and thofe of Malta. Upon their making that Demand, the Pope propofcd that, to avoid Difputes, there fliould be no other Flag than his own, under which all the maritime Forces of Chap. VII. Ri/inoftheKovA.EfJ/pire. 251 of other Princes or States oihaly might fighr, as AuxiHaries or Vo- "'g^ ^s- lunteers, without drawing any thing into Precedent as to Ports q^ '"''"<^' "f'f" Salutes. This Expedient the Geiioefe did not approve of, and re- -which the ro!\ ing to take Advantage of the great Want there was of their ^"^^ '•^/«/«. Allidancc, they not only demanded the Preference in this matter of the Gallics of the great Duke, who cqiiall'd tlicm in Power, and was liiperior to them in . Dignity, and of thofc of the Maltefey who had on rheir Side long Prefcripcion, and a Declaration of Charles V, but they went fo far as to require that their Minifters at Rortj;' ihould he treated with the fame Honours as the Ambafla- dors of Crowned Heads. Ic not being poffible to grant tliem thefe Privileges, without dilbbliging all the rtrt of Italyy the Pope de- clined any farther Sollicitations with them, and made a vigo- rous Effort to fend the {Venetians himfclf the AlTiftance that was wanted. , In 1656 the Rcpublick was much afFlided with the Plague, and "^^ ^- '.'^?'^- at the lame time the Corfi'ires of Barbary, with a great Force, '^q^^^l^-nt Icourcd the adjacent Seas, and interrupted all Commerce; where- ihi pU-:tt. upon a Fleet was fitted out againll the Infidels, under the Com- mand of Hippo lyt us Ceuturio7iiy who falling in with the Ene- my's Fleer, couHrting of forty Gallies, (a Number greatly fupericr to his own,) defended himlclf with fignal Valour againft them, and, r/.j Genosfe after an obftiuatc Dilpute, got clear of them, without the Lois of go a^awft the one Ship, or any other Damage, lave the Misfortune of having one n''Y'^ "^ of his Hands Ihot ofFby a Cannon Ball in the Heat of the Engage- ^' "^" ment; and in September, the lame Year, he went over to the Coaft; of Barbary, where, ofFofv^i^/Vr, he took Icveral Ships of the Ene- my's. In 1658, the Rovers of Barbary took a Genoefe Gaily call- A. D. i6j3. ed the St. Bernards but attacking ihoi'Diamond, a very rich Ship, bound home from Lisbci, her Captain finding himfelf not able to defend her againft io great oJds as three of the Enemy's Ships, re- folved to blow her up, and laying Match to the Powder, jumped t^^" M^il^fof into his Lon^ boar, where he had the Satisfadtion of Icein" his -'^.'"[f'^^^ D ' 3 Ahip blows Enemies thrown up in the Air, with the Fragments of his Ship, as herxp. loon as ever they had boarded her. The Republick in 1671 was attacked by the Duke of Savoy, with A, D. 1671. whom the following Year they came to a Peace, which was medi- '^^^ Genoefe ated by the French King ; fince when, the mod remarkable Cir- "by t'h'c''Duki cumftance in their AfTairs is the Bombardment of their City in 1684, "/Savoy, but by the Fleet of that Prince who was their late Mediator, which was ^"'^''"""^'• occafioned by their Attachment at that time to the Interclls of Spain, France ^uar- in purliiance whereof they had entered into fome fecrct Negotiations '"'■•' -'■•'nhGz- with the Governor of Milan, which the French King apprehended ."^^' """^ to be againfl: him. He therefore laid hold of the firft Opportunity to quarrel with the and in 1683, gave Orders to his Envoy at Genoa, to fignify tc ;iie Senate, that if they launched the four new Gallics they had builr, he iliou' ' look upon it as a Declaration of Hoftilities, and would ilTue Ord '•s to his Subjeds to feize them, or whatever elle belonged to the Rcpublick, whcrefoevcr they Ihould be met with on the Sea. U) oi. this Declaration of the French En- K k X voy's, 1 252 Naval Traitfathons fince the Book III. voy's, the Spanifl) Refident demanded Audience of the Senate, and afTured them of his Mailer's Protedlion and Support, who, he iaid, had already given Dired;ions to the Governor oiAJHau^ and the Ad- miral of his Fleet, toairifl; them, in cafe they fhould be at- tacked. T/E.eSpaniflrds The Spaniards declared War with France in the beginning of dedareWAra. ^^ ncxt V'car, wheu the Genoefe, having refufed all the Demands a"dV68T o^ ^^^ French Envoy, and fent to Sea their Gallics, notwichftand- ing the pofitive Declaration he had made agaiuft it, were well aflured the French King would not fail to exprefs his Refentment?, and therefore fent to demand Succours of the Governor of Milan^ who marched down feveral Companies of Spanijh Foot into their Territories. The French Envoy lending Advice of rhefc Proceed- ings, was immediately recalled, and the King his Mafler rook, a Re- folution to be revenged of the Genoefc, to which purpole having provided a lufficicnt Force at Toulon, he fent the Marquis de Seig- nelay, then Secretary of State, down to that Place to take upon jhi French \^.^^ [hg Command of the Fleet, confirting of fourteen Ships of War, S bS- twenty Gallies, ten Bomb-Veflels, two FireHiips, eight Flutes, and vejjdsagainfi kvcmecti Tar taucs, with which he was to proceed to Genoa, and Genoa. procure Satisfadlion of the Republick. Accordingly letting fail, he arrived the fcventeenth of Maj before the City, and the lame Day the ten Bomb-VelTels, having c^ch of them two Mortars on board, came to an Anclior within Cannon- ihot of the Walls, difpofing themfclves in a Line from the Light- Houfe, on their Left, to the Suburb of Bifagno, on the Right, the Ships of War being difpofed in another Line aftern of the Bomb- VelTels, at the Diftance of about a quarter of a Mile ; in the two Points of which Line were placed the Gallies in two Divifions. The Flutes and Tartanes, on board which were the Bombs and Powder for the Mortars, were ranged at a fmall Diftance aftern of the Gal- lies, but (b near, as that they could eafily lupply the Bomb-Vef- fels with what they ihould have occafion for. The Appearance of the Fleet in this Pofture, foon brought out a Deputation from the Senate to the Marquis de Seignelay, to know what was his Matter's Plealiire : Who having acquainted them with the Grounds of the French King's Rcfentraents, (wherein, amongft other things, he accufed them of concerting with the Spaniards a Dcfign of burning his Ships and Gallies in the Ports of Toulon and Marfeilles) made his Demands of Satisfadion, and gave them to undciftand, if they were not complied with, he had Orders to make them fenfible of the King his Matter's Indignation. The Deputies acquainted him they would make a Report of his Demands to the Senate, and then return him an Anfwer, which they did the fame Evening, by a general Difcharge of all their Artillery next the Sea, on the Ships of the Fleet. iht City of Thereupon the Signal was made for the Bombardiers to play on Genoa horn- jhc City, which they did with luch Succels, that in two Hours time Ffen'ch. ^ ' ' feveral of the Palaces and publick Buildings were feen to be on fire. The Mortars having continued playing, with great Execution, for three Chap. VIII. Ruin of the ^on\. EiJipire. 253 three Days, in which rime they threw in ten thoufand Bombs, it was reiblvcd ro take Advantage of the Confufion the City was in, and make a Dciceut, which they did in the Suburb of St. Tietro d'yJrena, where was a great Number of ftarcly Palaces, which they cnrirely ruined in revenge to the Nobility, who obftrudled the Re- pubHck's Submifllon to the Terms propofed, which the Commonalty would gladly have agreed to. The French having performed this, but not without ibme Lofs, retreated to their Boats ; and when the Troops were all got on board, the Mortars began to play again, which having thrown in above thirteen hundred Bombs more, the Fleet weighed Anchor, and made fail to the Weftward. At length, by Mediation of the Pope, an Accommodation was brought about between the French King and the Genoeje, who were jhe Genoefe forced to comply with mofl of his Demands, and to fend their Doge /^"'^'^"'■■f^^'S* in Perfon, accompanied with four Senators, to make their Sabmif- T;^ 'r"^ >. - lion at Verjailks ; and Imce the Alfairs of (aenoa from the Con- thi French. clufion of this Difference, afford not any thing material to our A- D- ^*^^J- purpole, we proceed next to the Naval Tranfadions of the Tor- tugneje. Chap. VIII. Of the Naval Wars of the Portnguefe. PORT'VGAL (containing the greateft part of that Country the Romans czWcd Lri/i't an iaj coming, together with the rcfl of d/>ai»y under Roderick the laft King of the Goths, into the Hands of the Saracens, ox Moors, conrinued for a long time in their PofTcflion. But Alphonfiis^l, King oi Cajfile and Leon, about the Year 1093, ^- D. 1093. making great Preparations of War againfl that People, procured ric Portu- Aid from feveral Nations of Chriflendom, and amongfl others who ^"'^'^"?'>''' came to his AfTiftance was Henry oi Be/an f on, a Bnrgnnd'ian., who racens. performed fuch confiderable Services againfl the Infidels, that King Alphonfus gave him a natural Daughter of his in Marriage, with fb much of ^Portugal as was then in the Hands of the Chriflians for her Dowry, which he ered:ed into a County upon that Occafion. This Count was fucceedcd by his Son Alphonfus Henry, who a- fpiring at a greater Title, eafily paved his way to it by his fignai Valour and SucccfTes againfl the Moors, from whom he recovered feveral Provinces and having greatly increafcd his Dominions, was the firfl who afTumed the Style of King of Portugal. Amongfl the many Places he rook from the Moors, were Lisbon, (now the Ca- Lisbon ani pital of the Kingdom) Alfnada,-2iad Villamnerda, in the Redudiion ^ken^^omMV whereof he was afTifted by a Fleet of Englijh, French, and T>utch, Moors. who put into one of his Ports in their way to Syria, then the Seat of the Holy War. Sancho, the Son and SuccefTor oi Alphonfus, imitating the Example of his Father, hofpitably received into his Port 2 5 4- Naval TraiifaEfwns Jifice the Book III. ibe Portii- Port oi Lisbon another Fleet of Engliflj and French Ships, which guefe ^(f'f"j[ ^ygj-e goiu2 ou tho Hkc Service as the former ; and by their Aid, 4»,i French, together With eight Ships of 'fhni^ Count of p landers, he reduced Lagos and Silves in the Algarve ; and on the Conclufion of thcfc Expeditions, he employed his Time in building, adorning, or forti- fying fevcral of tholb which are now the mcft confiderable Cities of the Kingdom, from whence he had the Surname of the Builder. After that Prince's Reign, Portugal for a long time kept itfelf difengagcd from any Wars of Conlequence, except thofe with the A. D 1409. Moors, with whom they had Icveral fierce Diiputef, and in 1409, Ceuta,/»Bar- thcir King, ']ohn I, took from them the Town oi Ceuta in Bar- bary, taken f^ary. The following Year his Son Henry^ Infante of 'Portugal, Moors;' difcovered the Iflands o'i Madera ; and in thefe Times it was that as aifo the 'Portuguefe, firft among the Moderns, failed \o\m^6 Africa to lL?]'L?'^ the Eajl Indies. For ^Stcx AlphonfusV , who fuccecded to the Crou n A. 0.1438. in 1438, bad t^kcn Tangier, Arz,i lie, zud Alcazar, thzPcrtuguefe The Portu- Power grcw lb formidable mAfrick, that all the Coafls of that part gntfe pcu-er- of the World as far isMthiopia, fell almoft at once under their O- /« mi tni... jjg^jjgj^j-£ , 2j^j under y^/j// W, Ethiopia itlelf was difcovered, even to the extremefl: parts of ir, which the Ancients thought inacceffi- ble, and uninhabited. Then .were the Stars about the South Pole firft feen hy Europeans, and that great Promontory oi Africa dif- W covered, which ftretches itfelf beyond the Tropick of Capricorn : to which was then given the Name of the Tempeftions Cape, be- Tht Cape of caufc of the Storms and bad Weather the Difcoveieis met with thcre- 'di^^'c'ovtred^^ abouts ; but the hmcjohn IF. afterwards named it the Cape of Good- Hope, becaufe when that was once gained, the way was iiippofcd to lie open to the Indies. That Prince, a little before his Death, adopting Emanuel for his Son and SuccelTor, put at the fame time a Globe into his Hands, as it were denoting that he gave hitn PoHefTion of the Earth ; nor did A- D- 1497- the Omen prove unfucceisfal, for in Emanuel's Reign, not only all sea-coafl fub' the Eaft was difcovered, but the Sea-Coafts of India were for the duej hy the moOi part fubdued to the Obedience of Portugal. Under the Au- Portugue.e. fpjces of this Prince, Vafqnez de Gama was the firft of the Por- tuguefe who doubled the Cape of Good-Hope, which having pafTed, he called the Country on the Eaftward of it St. Raphael^ now bet- ter known by the Name of the Coaft of Caffres. He there heard ^'^m'Jir'' ^"^^ %'^^^ Tidings that there lay an ealy Way from that Place to In- dia, whence Spices might be fetched at a very cheap rate, where- upon he named one of the Rivers in the Country i?/£* de Buetia Se- nas, and ereded on the Banks of it a Stone Crofs with the Arms of Portugal. Gama proceeding thence, pafTed by Sofala, remarkable for its great Plenty of Gold, and advancing to Mozambique, went on to Monbaze and Melinde, from whence it was but a Ihort Cut o- ver to Malabar, the ib much defired Region of Spices. Thither the Portuguefe fleering the Courfe, were not content with the Ad- vantage of Traffick, but dcfirous of having the Country under their T/>? Portu- Obedience, which neceffarily occafioned a War with the Inhabitants, Ty^lLfef/ ^^ whom finding themfelvcs inferior in Strength, th'^y thought fit .Malabar. tO Chap. VIII. Ruiti of th^^ovn. Eifipire. 255 to make the befl: of their way back to Portugal. In their Return, pafTing by the Gulph of Terfia and the Red Sea^ (from cutting which they were only prevented by fear) they came down to Ma- gadoxo, on the Coall oiJJaii, where finding a Fleet oi Arabian VcfTels in the Port, they fet fire to them, and palling by Mclinda, Thn burn fe the \i\mA Zanzibar, ^iiloa, and Mozambique^ they again doubled '^^':'''A"bian the Cape of Good Hope, and proceeded homewards, failing between '^ ' the Continent of Jjrick, and the Cape Verde, Canaries, and Ma- dera 1 Hands, in the fame Route as Cadamujlus had before taken. This Cadamnjius having navigated to Madera, the Canaries, the O'^'^'- i>//w- Ifle oi Argin, Senega, Cape Verde, Gambra, the Ulands oi Bona- '"""'■ vifia, St. J ago, and 'Palrna, and made Dilcoveries as far as Cape Roxo, giving to the refpcdtive Places fuch Names as he thought fit, had returned to Lisbon in the Year i^sSi whe're communicating to A. D. 1455-. "Peter Sinzia an Account of his Voyage, and the Obfervations he had made therein, it iufpired him with a Dcfire of penetrating far- ther. Sinzia being furnilhed with two Ships for that purpole by the foremention'd Prince Henry, (the Son of John I.) difcoyered as far as Cape Palmas. He was fucceeded in thefe Undertakings by the aforelaid Gama; and he \>'^ Peter Alvarez Capral, to whofeCondudl was committed a Squadron of thirteen Ships for another Expedition to Malabar. In his way thither he was driven byTempefts on the Coaft of Erafil, BrafiUcciic;;- (before that time unknown) of which he took PofTeflion in his Ma- ^'^^> '^'A"'^"- fter's Name, and railed a Pillar with the Arms of Portugal there- on : Which done, he purfucd his Voyage, and touching at ^iloa^ proceeded thence to Caleciit , where engaging iome of the Mala- barians at Sea with good Succcis, he (truck up a League with the Kings of Cochin and Cananor, and returned to Portugal. Then Gam a was again thought fit to be lent out in queft of new Lands, or to iubdue thole already dilcovercd, and a Squadron of ten Sail was put under his Command, with which arriving at the Port of Mozambique , he there ran up a Carvel, (which fort of Ship he thought would be particularly ufeful to him when he Ihould arrive in India) and thence proceeded to ^liloa, where having impofed a Tribute on the King of the neighbouring Country, he crofTed over to Malabar, and declared War againft the King oi Calecut, took ^^' Portu- the People of Cranganor into the Protection oi Portugal, renew- ^^al^^Jlf^^j ed the Treaties with the Kings oi Cochin and Cananor, and taking theKwgof in a rich Lading of Spice?, made the beft of his way home. Caiecuc About the time of his Return, the Kingdom oi Congo (which was difcovered by James Canufo in 1484) was liipplied with a new Co- lony from Portugal: Mean while, the King of Calecut, taking Ad- ^7" ^"'i "J vantage of the Abfence of the Portugucfe, attacked Trimumpara, poij^n-^s th'f' King oi Cochin, their Ally, and dilpoflcfred him of his Kingdom; Kmgof Co- the News whereof coming to Francis Albuquerque , one of the '^'""• P'ortngiiefe Admirals, then in the Eaft, he made the bed of his way to that Country, where he left his Ships under the Command of Ed'-^'ard Pacheco^ and went alhorc with a Body of Troops, with whom 2 5^ Naval TranJaBions fince the Book III. The Porta- whom hc forccd the People ofCalecuf to retire out of the Territo- fhofcf/cl\Q- '■'^^ °^ Cochin. The King being reftorcd to his Dominions, gave cut y>L Co- Permifllon to Albuquerque to build a Fort, for defending the Coun- chin. try againft the Incurfions of the Enemy, of which he immediately laid the Foundation, and finillicd it with extraordinary Expedition, A. D. i;o3. for fear the King lliould repent him of his Grant : mean while An- thony Snldanha^ who had fet out from Portugal foon after Albu- querque^ arrived at the Ifland Zocotora^ near the Entrance of the Red Sea, where he fpent the Winter, and cruized againft the trad- Tht Prince of ing Ships of the Infidels in thofe Parts. He alio attacked Zanzi- Wf rr;V«M- ^^^^> ^^^ impofed an annual Tribute on the King of the Ifland ; and ryro /J For- foon aftct dcftroying the King oi Monbaze's Fleet in the Port of tuguefe. j.j^,j(. Name, he proceeded to Brava on the fame Coaft, auu icau- Brava redn- ccd it to the Obedience of ^Portugal. Tacheco, who continued at "''• Malabar, was kept there well employed againft the People of Ca- lecuty who attacked him with a great Number of Ships, but they fought with ill Succefs, tho' of infinitely fuperior Force, againft lb The Fleet of expert a Seaman, for he gave them an entire Defeat ; and having efta- Mahb.u de- |3Ji^]-jc^j f j^e Kingdom of Cochin in Peace, received as a Reward for Jeated b-j the O ^ y \ n t-^ • /ir ■ Portugueie. his good Scrviccs one of the richelt Governments in Africa. He was fucceeded by Lovanius Suarez, whofe moft remarkable Adt was the burning of '•he City of Cranganor ; about which time Francis de Almeyda was lent out by King Emaimel with a Com- Thc Portu- n 'tTion to be Viceroy of the Eaft, (being the firft who had thatCha- TvlL'fnr "(^^0 ^vho arriving with his Fleet in the Port of ^aloa, fubdued the i-aji. the King of the neighbouring Country, and appointed another, na- A D. 1505. ijjgj Mahomet, in his room. He thence proceeded to Mcnbaze, guefe fubdue 3nd deftroying that Town, went on to Melinda, from whence he the Country made thc bcft of his way to Malabar, where, in the Kingdom of near Quiioa. (janauor, hc ered:ed a Fort to keep the fickle Inhabitants to their Duty ; when entring into an Alliance with the King oi Narjinga, he appointed Nambeadara King of Cochin in the room of Trimum- A. D. 1506. para., who voluntarily refigned the Government About this time another Squadron of eight Ships was fcnt out to rhe Portu- feek ibr new Lands, by which was dilcovered the Ifland of Mada- E^^^^difcozer gafcar, otherwife called St. Laurence, becaufe it was firft leen on the a aga car. jj^^ (j^jjcatej by xht Church of Rome to that Saint. Almeyda al- fo detached a Squadron under his Son Laurence de Almeyda on the fame Service, who firft repaired to the Maldives Iflands, from Thofe of Cty- whence he was driven by a violent Tempeft to thc Ifle of CeyloH, i«Mr'"^'p^" (by moft thought the Taprobana of the Ancients) where landing, tugaP'^ "^ ^c took the Inhabitants into the ProtC(5tion oi Portugal, and im- pofed a Tribute on their King ; nor was the Viceroy in the mean The Portu- time left employed, but defeated the Calecutians in a great Battel |/,y,^Ca'ie- ^'^ ^^^- Then dividing his vidlorious Fleet, he committed one part cur. of it zo Emanuel Tazagno, and the other to his Son, upon his Re- turn from Ceylon, appointing the firft to accompany the trading Ships of Cochin to Cape Comorin, for their Security againft the Ro- vers in thole Seas, and the other to cruife at large about thc Coafts, for Chap.VIII. Ruin of theKom. Empire. 257 for rhc Detcuce or' the Illauds and Ports. It became now an efta- bliflacd Rule among thcle new Inhabitants of the Indies, that who- foever came into thole Parts without a Pafs from Ibme Tortugnefe Kom permit- Admiral, or Governor of a Fort, lliould be elleemed as Enemies, '^'^'ocomsin- and lolc both Ships and Goods; whereby they engrols'd all the 'j^,vf'„',"j'"' Wealth of chcEaft lo chemfelves; and, the better to maintain their Poitusu.re Authority, King Emanuel fent out yearly new Reinforcements and ^''^^• Supplies. In the Year ifoS, fifteen Ships were fitted out under rhc Com- ad. ijoS. mand of Trijian de Ctmha, with which repairing to the Coafl: of Zangtubar^ he aflifted the King of Melinda againft his rebellious ^ht Porru- Subjeds, and burning the Cities oi Hoia and Brava, failed to Zo- g"eren ^^"f the Tanana, one of their Towns, gave them a fignal Defeat. Not ^^Ibu^ ""'^ long after they engaged, off of Chaul, near Bombay., the Fleet of FUen. Camffon, Sultan oi Mgypt, coming to the AfTiftance of the Ene- The-^ ruin the my, which they entirely ruined, and every where came offConque- '^^"' °f ''^ rors, excepting that the forementioned Son oi Almeyda, falling in fypf." with a Squadron of Cambayan and J^gyftian Ships was unfortu- " nately flain with an Arrow, as he bravely defended himfelf againft them. Alphonfus Albuquerque was now arrived in the Eaft with a ftrong Squadron from Portugal., with which defigning to fubdue the Ifle of -T^' ^J^""'' "J Ormusy at the Mouth of the Terfian Gulph, he firft reduced the Tabular" to Cities of Curtate, Mafcate, Sohar, and Orfacan, lying along the Portugal. Coafts of Arabia., then fubjedt to the King of Ormus : after which defeating the Enemy in an Engagemct in the Port of that City, he landed in the Ifland, and prepared to invcft the Place; when the King (called Zcrfad'm II.) gave leave ^that the 'Tortnguefe Ihould build a Fort on the Sca-Coaft, and engaged not only to pay them an annual Tribute, but to defray the Charges of the War. The Time of v^/wf>' ^^^^^^^^ thc Town and Ifland oi Ormus, (which he had now drmus ndtt- entirely raafler'd) with Icveral Works, and having very much in- ced. creafed the Tortuguefe Power in thofe Parts, he deceaied, and was Albuquerque fuccccdcd in the Government by Lopez Suarez. Albuquerque is hadaDe/ign laid to havc had once a Defign of attacking 7l/(?ff^ in Arabia, in on Mecca, ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ himielf Maftcr oi Mabomefs Tomb, and difperfe thole Alhes to which fuch an impious Adoration is paid ; and that the Infidels, for fear of fome fuch Accident, removed the Impoftor's Re- mains higher up in thc Country to Medina. He is alio faid, upon 5 Promife Chap.VIIL Riiifj of theRom. Empire, 255? Promilc of AfTiftance from \\i/?, and his Dominions becoming part o'i x.\\Q.Trirkijh Empire, the Coafts of JB.gypt: and the Red Sea were much bctrer guarded than before, fcveral new Forts being eredbed there, and fup- plied with good Garrifons. In the mean rime Andrade^ who com- manded in Chief at Malacca, made an Expedition for i'ettling Trade to the Coafl of China , where he was hofpitably entertained for rho Portu- fomc Months; bur, growing infolent upon his kind Reception, he S""^''=. >'■«'' committed Icveral Violences , and was forced to quit the Country " ^"" '"* with the Lois of a great Number of his Followers. The Tortugucfe Affairs in India were now but in an indifferent Their Aifain Stare, and the new^ Forts lately finiflied in Ceylon, and the Kingdom ^"/ ^"f )^ '" "" oiCoulan, were fcarce fufficient to keep the Inhabitants in their Du- ty, fo that Suarez, being looked upon as unequal to lb great a Charge as the Government of thofc Acquifitions, was recalled, and James Lopez appointed his SucccfTor. He, on his Arrival in In- A. d. ijis. dia, having quell'd fomc Inlurredtions there, and overcome the King The King of o'i Bintam, whom he forced to accept a Peace on his Terras, re- '^'"f^'"' ^^• paired to Or?niu, and defeating Mocri, King of Baharem^ an Ifland in the Terjian Gulph, reduced it to the Obedience of 'Portugal. Lopez was luccccdcd by Edward de Mcnefes, who reftored the ^s-'f- King of Vacem, in the Ifland Sumatra^ to his Dominions, on Con- dition of his paying a Tribute, and giving leave for the ercd:ing a Fort upon his Coalts. In the firft Year of this Viceroy's Admini- ftration died Emanuel King o'i ""Portugal, the greateft Prince which Emanuel, ever fate on the Throne of that Kingdom, who having reduced to t'-,',"fi "{/ „°'^' liis Obedience not only the Coalls of all India, both within and Hhgnatcon- without the Ganges, but of the Gulph oVPerJia, and moft of thole 'i'"fi'- of the Red Sea, and, covering with his Fleets the Aithiopian and Atlantick Oceans, flint up the Navigition to thole Countries from all others, thereby totally excluding the Venetians from the Com- merce of the Ea(i, whole Merchants had ever fince the Year 1x69, Liz to ' 26 o Naval Tr anf aSions fince the Book III. to that time, wholly engrofTed that Trade. He alfo lubducd great part of the Coaft of Barbary, making himfclf Mafter of AJajia^ Tita^ and Az>amor^ near Cape Cantin^ and defeated the Forces of the Emperor of Morocco in feveral Rencounters. John in. /«f- He was fucceedcd by his Son Jofm III, about which time the cetds Emanu- Vicctoy of Lidui appointed Le'-ji'is de Metiefes, with a flrong Squa- dron, to keep the People oiOrmns in Obedience, and fent Garcias A. D. 1511. Hetir'iquez with another to the Eaftvvard, to make farther Acquisi- tions; which latter failed round the Iflands Banda, Mira^ and Gu- manapy^ and proceeding thence to Tidore^ there fell in with one of the Ships wnich had been fent out under Magellan^ by the Em- r^ePortu- peror CharlesY, to make new Dilcoverics, which Henri qiiez at- gue^^'"^'""* racked, and made himfelf Mailer of, putting to Death, or making Magellan'; Slavcs of all the Spaniards on board : This done, he ercdled a Fore squadron. in the neighbouring Ifland Ternate, and ftri6lly enjoined the Inha- bitants not to vend their Spices to any other than the 'Forttigueje. The next Year Hcfior Sylveira being appointed Admiral of the Ittdtesy was joyfully received by the Viceroy oiGoa, from whence ■Reiievt Ma- he proceeded to Malacca, then befieged by Laqtieximenes, the King lacca, and of Bhjfam's Admiral, and having happily railed the Siege, dctach- tfthpleant'. ^^ AloHzo de Soufe to the Coaft oi Btntam^ which having ravaged, he gained a great Vidory over the Ships of "Tahang, Tatane, and Java^ killing great Numbers of the Enemy, and taking feveral Pri- ibners; after which proceeding to Machian, and Bachian, two of somt of the the Molucca Iflands near Tidore, he plundered them, and carried fatds^Vn- ^^ ^ S^^^*^ Booty. d^rJ. ""* The next Year Vafqtiez de Gama was appointed Viceroy of the Indies, but as he was in a very advanced Age, it being improbable he fliouid live long, a Commiflion was made out for Henry de Me- nefes to fucceed, in cafe of his Deceale before the three Years of his Viceroyalty fliould be expired. There was a third Commiflion to 'Peter Mafcarenhas, appointing him Viceroy, if Menefes ihonXd die ; and a fourth to Lopez de Sampayo, to luccccd in cafe of the Death of Mafcarenbas ; the Tortuguefe by this means almofl fe- curely providing that their Acquifitious in India fliould not remain without a Head. And the Event fhew'd the good EfTcdts of their Care ; for Gama did not long enjoy his new Honour, but having rkofe of Ca- firfl defeated the People of Calecut in an Engagement at Sea, died ^t^sea'^"*''^ within few Months after his Arrival at Goa, fo that the Viceroyalty devolved upon Henry de Menefes. The Commiffion by which he was appointed to fucceed was feal'd up, with this Superfcription, Not to be opened till ("juhich God forbid) Valquez de Gama, Vice' roy and High Admiral of the Indies, Jhall be departed this Life. This being now opened by the next Commanding Officers, in the Great Church at Cochin, Menefes, who was then abfent from the Place, was proclaimed Viceroy ; whofe Adminiftration was likewife but of a fhort Date, and diverfifyed with both good and bad For- tune ; for after feveral Engagements with the Calecutians, with va- rious Succefs, he defeated their Fleet in the Port of Culeta, and made himfclf Matter of mod of their Ships ; foon after which he deftroyed Chap. VIII. Riiin of theKom. E7npire. 261 deltroycd a Fleet of Turkijh Ships o^^abul, another oi Moors off "^'''P' efhe Zeila, worfted that of the Prince of Tatane, and Laquex'tmeiies^ J^"^^^ ""^ the Admiral oi Bint am, and then advancing to relieve the Tortn- firoyidiy'thc guefe, beficged by the Enemy in the Fortrcfs of Calecut., he per- ^^rtuguefe. formed the iarae, but died of a Wound he had received in his Leg a. d. 1516. by an Arrow. Mafiarenhas, the next fuccceding Officer, being then zxMalacca, Lopez de Sampayo^ the fourth fubftirutcd Viceroy, took upon him- felf that Charge, and gave \\\t Malabarians a fignal Defeat in an t^i F^ff "/ Engagement at the Mouth of the Bacaiior : But Mafcarenhas high- ^'^'^J'" ^'- ly relcncing it that Sampayo fhould ulurp the Viceroyalty out of his ' '^ Turn, would by no means acquielcc with that Proceeding, but af- fumcd to himfelf the Title and Office of Viceroy, and being forced to wait the proper Seafbn for coming down to Goa, took that Op- portunity to repair with a Fleet of nineteen Sail to the Coaft of Bintam, where he defeated Laqueximenes the Enemy's Admiral, to- ^'-^ ^'"' "f gether with the Fleet oiTahung^ which came to their Afliflance, /.^'^/f^y"" when taking the City of Bintam by Storm, he burnt it ; and the and the King dying with Grief at his ill Succels, Mafcarenhas appoint- ^'"""^^'"'»'- ed another in his room, on condition that he fhould maintain no Army nor Fleet without leave from the ^Bortuguefe^ but commit himfelf wholly to their Protedion. This done, he went down with his Fleet to Goa^ where he defired a Number of Arbitrators might be appointed to judge whether he or Sampayo was the proper Vice- roy, but the latter at firfl refufcd to fubmit to any Arbitration, till at length he was prevailed upon by the Entreaties of his Friends to do it, but bribed the Judges fo high that they declaring him Viceroy, Mafcarenhas returned to Tortugal. The 'PortJtguefe Affairs were alio now much prejudiced by ano- ther Contention; for they having, without any juft Provocation, dcflroyed the chief Town of Tidore, it caufed among the People of that Ifland, and of mofl of the reft of the Moluccas, an implaca- ble Hatred againft them ; fbon after which a Squadron of the Em- peror Charles V. arriving there , was welcomed by the People of Tidore with all the Marks of Kindnefs, on account of the Spaniards equal Enmity with them to the Torttiguefe, and being received in- to their Port, they railed Works for the Defence of it, in cafe of -^ ^'7>«" ^f- an Attack from the Enemy. The Spaniards, who were under the '^e,''"Jnd?Z'- Command of Ignigucza, alledgcd tiiat the Molucca's belonged of uiguefe abem right to them, as being firft difcovercd hy Magellan, with a Com- '^'^^"'uccas. miffion from the King of Spain, and that the Difpure having been fubmitted to Arbitration, was determined in their Favour. On the other hand, the Tortugiiefe, under the Command of Henriquez, faid that the unjuft Sentence of the Cajiilian Arbitrators had been reverfed by the Judges in ^Portugal, and that thofe Illands were difcovercd ten years before the Voyage oi Magellan in the Spanijh Service, by Anthony Abrei, who was fent out to make Dilcoveries by Alphonfus Albuquerque, in whofc Company w^ls Magellan him- felf before he had deferred his Country. Thus they dilputed with Words for a while, but foon after came to Blows, the People of Ternate 2^2 Nav alTranf anions fine e' the BookIIL The Einfemr •fields r/jeVlo- Uiccasrc tki Pomisuefe. A. D. isiS- The Portu- e^uii'e are f:ic- ccfifull, and particuUrh on the ReJ- Sea. The Portu- guele take Porca. The Infiiith beaten near Ternate taking pare with the Tcrtiiguefe, and thofe of Tidore and Qilolo with the Spaniards. The latrer ftruck the firfl: Stroke by be- ficging the Tortu-guefc Fortrefs in Ternate.^ where, at the firft At- tack, they took one of the Enemy's Ships. And now the Spani' ards and To-tUigncfi had gone near to hav.c atoued for the Mii- chicfs they had done to the Indians^ by the Dcftriictiou of each o- ther,-, but that the Emperor being engaged in other Wars m Europe, ncglc&cd fo remote an Acquifiriou, and for a certain Sum of Mo- ney yielded up all his Right in the Moluccas to the King of Por- tugal. Matters being Icttled in thofe Iflands, the Viceroy, Sampayo^ fcnc out 'John T}cz.a with a Squadron to cruife o^ Caiianor; and at the fame time dil'patchcd Alphoiifus JSIelia to the Sutida Ifland?, who, jufl: as he was turned the Cape of Comorin, met with fome Deputies coming to Goa from the Prince oi Calecura on the Peail-fi Iiing Coall, with Offers of Tribute and SubmilTion, upon Promife of Al- fidaucc agaiuft his Enemies the Cakcutians. In the mean time IDe- z,a, upon his Station, intercepted all Ships paflTmg between Calecut and Cambaya, to the incredible Lois of the People of both thofe Places; and landing ox Mimgalor, the Inhabitants delcrted the Town, which he plundered and fct on fire; after which falling in with Cu- t'lal, the Admiral oi Calecut, he engaged and defeated him, aad car- ried him Prilbner to Cananor ; and about the fame rime Anthony Mi- randa failing to the Red Sea, took great Numbers of the Arabian- Ships, and burnt fevcral along the Shore. Sa'inpayo\viv:\{t\i-, o(fCa- nanor, deftroyed the greateft Part of a Fleet of a hundred and thirty Sail oi Moorijh Ships, bound to Mecca with Spices; and then re- pairing to Porca., (the Prince whereof was a formidable Sca-Rover) he landed there, and took the Town, forcing the Prince to betake himfclf to Flight, who loft fuch a vaft Booty to the Tortugucfcy that the Share of the meaneil Sailor came to a thoufand Dollars. From thence he failed to the Northward, and, near the Ifland of Bombay, fell in with a Fleet of the Enemy's under the Command Tha(e of Ma- labar beaten at Sea. the Ifland of ol Hall fa. Admiral of Cambaya, whereupon proffering a Reward Bombay. of a hundred Dollars to the firft Man who boarded one of the Ene- my's Ship?, he immediately engaged, and having entirely routed them, committed the Fleet to the Command of Miranda, who, foon after the Viceroy's Departure, came to another Engagement with the Malabarians, before the Town of Chaul, and gave them a fignal Defeat, killing great Numbers, and carrying off a rich Booty of Spices to Cochin : Soon after which the Tortugiicfe reduced the Town of Tanor, made the Prince of the Neighbouring Country their Tributary, and again routed Haliffa, the Cambayan Admiral. In the mean time Kunho de Cunha let out from Portugal., with a Comraiffion to be Governor, accompanied by his Brother Simon de Cunha, who was conftituted Admiral of the ///.V/Vj-, and, in his way thither, attempting to put in at Monbaze, in order to pafs the Winter Scafon there, was refulcd Entrance by the King, but forced a Paf- fage into the Port, and making himfelf Mailer of the Town, gave the Plunder to the Mariners, and let it on fire. Departing thence early The PortU- guefe plunder Monbaze. Chap. VIIL Riiin of the Rom. Empire. 26^ early in the Spring, he made the bed of his way to India, where he rclolvcd to make himielf Maftcr of the Town and Fortrcfs of 'Din, fituate in an Ifland of the fame Name, near the Entrance of the Gulph o^ Cambaya; to which purpofe repairing thither with the Fleet, upon his Appearance off the Place, he received an En- voy from Badur, King oi Cambaya, with Offers of yielding the Diuy«r«»- Fortrcfs- into his Hands; which being accordingly performed, it was ^^Zt\\°\x^Q committed to the Cuftody oi yintbony Sylveira, Not long after the King of Cambaya, at the Infligation of the Turks, who were very defirous of getting 'Dm into their Hands, made an Attempt to dii- pofTcls the "Portngiiefe, and recover the Place, but with an unfor- tunate Event, he, with his Tnrkijh Auxiliaries, being entirely rout- T/;/Turks, ed, mod of his Fleet funk, and himfelf receiving his Dearh's Wound ""'^^'"S'f m the Engagement. Soon after this, oolyman, the Turktjh Erape- ro-.aed b'j the ror, fent the Tajha of Cairo tobefiege it, with a Fleet of fixty two Po""Suefc GaUies, fix Galleons, and other fmaller VefTels, having on board "' four thoufand Janizaries, fixreen thoufand other Soldiers, befides Gunners, Seamen, and Pilots, which on their Arrival before the Town, were joined by eighty Sail of Ships of Cambaya. The Turkijh Paiha, landing his Forces, batter'd the Fortrels with fifty Pieces of Cannon, but the Governor, with great Bravery fuftained his Attacks 'till the Arrival of Garcias de Norcnha (the new Vice- ^^« Turks roy) from Goa to his AfTiftance ; who, by a Stratagem, pading "J'^TJ^b^l^ thro' the midfl: of the Enemy's Fleet with Drums beating and Trum- were' forced pets (bunding, as if they had been feme of their Indian Allies, the '". '^"'/^ '^« 'Turks, upon the Difcovery of their Miftake, railed the Siege in the "^^' utmoft Confufion, leaving behind them their Tents, Ammunition, Artillery, and above a thoufand wounded Men, befides the like Number that were out on foraging, all which fell into the Hands of the TortJignefe. After the Death of Badur beforementioncd, Ma- mud became King of the Cambayans, and 'John de Cajlro fucceeded Noronha as the ^Portugnefe Viceroy, in whole time the Cambayans and Turks made another Attempt on Din, but with the like ill Suc- cefs as before, De Cajtro entirely routing them both by Sea and Land, with a very great Slaughter ; after which he added fcveral Works to the Place, and raifed a new Citadel in a more advantage- ous Situation, and of much better materials than the former. In this profpeious Manner did the Tortugucfe carry all before Thesuuefsof them in India during the Reign oijobn III, who deceafingin if 5^7, ^t'c^^/nTn- was fucceeded by Sebafiian, then an Infant. That Prince, growing dia. up, was fb intent on his Indian Acquifitions, that he refolved on a Voyage thither himlelf, and 'twas with difficulty his Council found means to difTuade him from it. They did at length prevail in that point, but could not prevent his undertaking a Dcfign more ha- zardous than the former, to wit, an Expedition againu the Empe- ror of Morocco, and he embarking for that purpoic with a great Army, and the Flower of the Porttiguefe Nobility, on board a nu- merous Fleet, landed at Tangier, and unadvilcdly marching up into the Country, gave the Moors Battel near Alca^er, where he was t«« Portu- cut off with his whole Army. He was fucceeded by Henry his |"J/ATca'/cr, Uncle, I 264. Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III "s-'S Uncle, then in an advanced Age, whofc Reign is remarkable for ,580 nothing but the Diijnites about a SuccefTor to him. Hcdyingin lySo, Thtitp II, King of Spain, who had Fretenfions to the Crown, thought; it mofl expedient to end all Dilputes by the Point of the Sword, and underftanding the great Inclination the Tortngucfe had Portugal rt- (through hatred of a Cajtilian Government) to fet Anthonyy a na- duud^ byj\i\- ^^^^j g^^ ^j- j^i^^^ |,j^ ^pQ^ jjjg Throne, he ordered the Duke of Spjin. ' Alva to march at the Head of a powerful Army into the Kingdom, who foon reduced it to his Obedience, forcing Anthony to with- draw to England, from whence, after fome unluccefsful Attempts to recover his loft Dominion, he retired to 'Paris., and died there in 15-95. The reft of the Territories of that Crown fell at the fame time into the Hands of the Conqueror, except the Azores, or Weft- em Iflands, which were at length fubdued to Spain by a great Vi- dory obtaiu'd over a Fleet oi French Ships, fent thither to main- tain them in the Obedience oi Anthony. As this Subjedion of the Tortugiiefe to the Cajiilians was very irkfome and odious to them, fo was it attended with Confequcnces very fatal to their Interefts ; for upon the firft Commotions in the Low-Countries, T hi lip judging that one of the beft Expedients to r"'''>^^e^/c quell them, would be to deprive the Inhabitants of the Advantages twienthe thcy reccivcd by the Trade with Tortugal and Spain, he prohibited Low-Coun- 2II Commerce between them ; for, in thofe times, the "Dutch Ships tugal!"'^''°^ made no longer Voyages than to thefe Countries for the Commodi- ties oi India, with which they afterwards fupply'd the Northern Na- tions oi Europe. But 'Fbilip's Defigns met with an Event very contrary to his Expedations ; for the Dutch being thus excluded A. D. IS9J- Spain and Portugal, they about 1595', boldly ventured to India The suuefs of themfelvcs, and having, after many difficulties, got footing there, *t' i*"dies '" pofte^cd themfelves of feveral Places of great Importance, either and Africa, fot their Strength, or advantageous Situation, and did incredible Da- mage to the Portuguefe, who had hitherto folely carried on all the A. D. i6ii. Trade to thofe Parts. And in the Year xdxi, the City oi Ormus, uiguefeJif ^^^ raoft wealthy of the Portuguefe AcquifnioBS in the Eaft, was poffefi'd oj taken from them by Sha Abas King of Perjia, aftifted by the Eng- Ormus. iijij Merchant Ships in the Service of the India Company. Nor 11^30 was this the end of their Misfortunes ; for in 1630, i\\tDutch ^\{- Brlii/ ""^^ "^ pofteflcd them of great part of Brajil, and reduced feveral of their Settlements on the Coaft oi Africa: Nothing of which would the Dutch have had Occafion, or Opportunity to do, if Portugal had A. D. 1640. remain'd'feparate from the Crown oi Spain. But in 1640 throwing off the Spanijh Yoke, they fet the Duke oi Braganzawi^ovi the The Duke of Throue, by the Name of John IV, and then clapped up a Peace OTdTTin? of ^^'"^^ ^^^ Dutch, upon Condition that each Nation ihould retain I'ortugai. what they were then pofieffed of; but it was not of long ContinU' Pra-ii) revolts gQ^e, becaufc the Places theDutch had made themfelvcs^Maftersof in Brafil, revolted to the Portuguefe, their former Matters, which the Dutch alledging was owing to the Fraud of the Portuguefe^ The Dutch declared War againft them. However, being forced to leave thejtn ta^t feveral j po(|-^(jiou of Brafl, they attacked them in India, took Malacca, Places »;? lu- J ' J ' . dia. entirely 4 Ch A p. IX. Ru'm of the Rom. Empire. 2^5 entirely outcd them of the Ifland Ceylon and Coaft oiCormandel^ reduced Cochiji, Cajianor, Cranganor, and other Places in Mala- bar^ and had gone near to have taken Goa it iclf, their Capital Ci- ty in India, it" they had not come to a Peace with thera in 1661; about which time John IV. dying, was fucceeded by his Son Al- phoiifus V\, who being guilty of Mai Admiuiflration, and indeed incapable of Government, his Brother was fubftituted Regent of the Kingdom, and on theDeceareof^i^Z»(?///«j in 1683, took the Crown by the Name of 'Peter II. He dying in 1706, was lucceeded A. d. 1706, by \\\s Son John, the Fifth of that Name, who is now King ofTor- tugal. During the War between /^^^«f? and the confederated Pow- ers of Europe^ which began in 1689, Portugal obferved an exadb Neutrality, yet in the lafl: War they enter'd into the Grand Alli- ance in the Year 1703 ; but there not having happened any thing, during the Reign of the laft or prelent Prince, remarkable to our purpofe, we proceed next to the Naval Wars of the Spaniards. Chap. IX. Of the Naval Wars of the Spaniards. WHEN the Roman Empire was drawing towards its Diflolu- tion, and became unable to detend its Provinces from the Irruptions of barbarous Neighbours, Spain., as we have elfewhere obferved, fell a Prey to the Goths, who maintained themlelves there, r/^* Goths «- under a Series of thirty Kings, from the Time of their firft Settle- •j'err«» Spain, ment, AnJio 418. to the Year 714; when xho. Aloors or Saracens, a. d. 714. paflTmg over from Africa, by the Treachery of Count Julian, in a- Dout nine Month's time reduced the greateft part of the Country to their Obedience. Neverthclcfs there arole up amongft the Remains of the Got hick Race, Ibme great Men, who, by little and little, ta- king Advantage of the Didenfions amongfl: the Moors, made head againfl: them and laid the Foundation of thofc Kingdoms, which in the end proved too mighty for the Infidels. The firfl great Stand that was made againft them was by the Peo- ple of Afurias and Bifcay, who being impatient of a foreign Yoke, and flrengthcned by great Numbers ofotherChriftians who fled from the Fury of the Moors to thole mountainous Countries, chole Pela- gius for their King : Which Example was ibon followed by thole of Navarre, who about the fame time fct up Garcias Ximenes, the Founder of the Kingdom oi Navarre, as Pelagius was of the King- dom of Leon. In the Reign of one of his Succcflbrs called Ramir I, who came to the Crown in 8x4, a numerous Fleet of Normans arrived on the ^m- Coafl: of Gallicia, where committing great Devaftations, Ramir p/,',^/,"^"^,^" went againft them, and forced them to retire with the Lofs of fe- b-j the Spa- vcuty of their Ships, which he burnt. Thofc that efcaped from "'^f^^^. Mm hence *^' 2GG Naval Tranfaclions fmce the Book III. cia. 1146. The Chrijli- ans take ftve ral Places from ths Moors. hence repaired to Seville^ and plundering that City and the Coun- try adjacent, went off with a prodigious Booty. In the time ofRa- trnrs, Succeflor, Ordogno I, a Fleet of a hundred Sail oi Normans Tie Normans Q^^mt down to the fame Coaft oi Gallkia, and after they had been ravage a a- ^^^ x\\x(tc Ycats returned home with great Spoil. The Sea in thefe Times was very iirrle the Element of the Spani- ards, fo that we hear nothing more of Naval Tranfadions till the Reign oi Alphonfus VIII. King o^ C a ft tie, who being engaged in a bloody War with i\\Q, Moors, w.is aided by the other Chnftian Prin- ces oi Spain againft them. The King of Caftiles Strength confid- ed in a Land Force, but Raimond, Count of Barcelona (by which Title he held the Sovereignty of Catalonia) fent his Fleet to his AfTiftaucc, under the Command of Galcera; us. Admiral of Catalo- nia, and the Count of Urgel, who being joined by the Genoefe Fleet, under Anfaldi T>oria, repaired to Aimer ia, which they be- fieged and took by Storm ; from whence they proceeded to Tortofa^ and reduced that City likewife, taking an immenfe Booty rhercin, which the Moors had been laying up there for many Years : And for the Service which the Genoefe performed in this Expedition, Raimond granted them an Immunity from all Cuftoms or Duries in the Ports of Catalonia. The Moors in Spain were now all fubordinate to the Miramamo- lin Princes, who had their Refidence in Africa, and while they kept themfelvcs fb united under one Head, they maintained their Affairs very well in Spain, but when they afterwards Iplit themfelves into various Divifions, and fet up different Kingdoms, throwing ofF all Submiffion to the African Moors, it became a much eafier Work to the Chriftian Princes to fubdue them. In 1136, they lofl: Cor- dotia, the Capital of their firft Kingdom in Andalufa ; after which fell Valencia, the Head of another Kingdom ; and at length, after the Lofs of all the red, the Kings of Murcia and Granada, llibmit- ted to hold their Kingdoms of the Kings of Cajlile. In this manner was the Power of the Moors by Degrees brought low in Spain, and A. D. 1148. in 1x48, only the Kingdom of Granada remained, which might al- fo have been then eafily reduced, but that the Chriftian Princes of Tht chriftian Spain, being at variance among themfelves, turned their Arms on each other. About the Year 1270, the Kingdom of Sicily fell to Teter III. King of Arr agon, in right of his Wife the Daughter oi Manfred, King of thatldand; but Charles de Valois, Brother to the French King Lewis IX, laying Claim thereto, Teter at firft difi^erabled his ^"y Rclentments, but afterwards fitted out a Fleet of forty Gallic?, with i'evcral Ships of Burthen, under pretence of an Expedition zo Afri- ca againft the Moors, but in reality defigncd for Sicily, to dcftroy the Remainder of the French there, who had furvived the Maffa- cre, known by the Name of the Sicilian Vefpers. And having, accordingly, entirely cleared the Ifland of the French, he left a Squadron there of five and twenty Gallies, under the Command of Roger T>oria, Admiral of Arr agon, and repaired with the reft to Sardinia-^ there to be at hand in cafe of an Attack from the French. Roger The Moors lofe feveral Places m Spain. A. D. 1136 Princes at variance. A. D. 1170 The French driven out Sicily. u»i. i C H A p . IX. Rit'm of the Rom. Empire. 26-} Roger 'Doria having Icttlcd Affairs in Sicily^ went out with his Squadron, and ravaging the Coafts of Calabria, endeavoured to bring tho Enemy, (who then pofTefled the Kingdom o^ Naples,) to a Battel, which he efTedbed , for Charles de Valois fent out his The French Son the Prince of Salerno againft him, with whom T)or'ta engaging difratei at in the Gulph oi Naples, entirely defeated him, taking him Prilbner, i"/y-' with nine of his Galiies, and finking all the reft of the Fleet. The diy? French did not let this Lofs go long unrcvenged, for landing on the Coall of Catalonia, they committed great Dcvaftations there, •^'"' F"fench and took feveral Towns, but the Plague deftroying great Numbers coafl/ci- of their Men, they were forced to retire, and ient home the Ships taioni.i. they had borrowed of the Genoefe and 'Pifans. In their way thi- ther, off the Coaft of Genoa, they fell in with Roger T>oria the Arrag07iefe Admiral, then coming from Sicily to his Maker's Af^ fiftancc, who thereupon hired them into his Service, and repaired with them to Narbonne, where he had Advice the Enemy's Ships The King of lay, which he attacked and made himlelf Mailer of, but not being '^"■'"oy able to bring them off, let them on fire. b^rTs7he "Peter King oi' Arragon dying, he was fucceeded therein by his ' rench 5*/>j. Sou Alphonjiis III, as he was in Sicily by his fecoud Son James. liSj. The Iflands of Majorca and Tvifa having been conquered from Majorci y- the Moors by James I. oi Arragon, were given by him, with the vi^t. Title of King, to his Son James, (the Brother of King Peter be- foremenrioned) who having took part with the French againft his laid Brother, Alphonfm now King of Arragon dilpoflcficd him of his Dominions, which having done he alfo reduced the Ifland of Minorca, then held by the Saracens, and added it to his Domini- "^^ Minorca ons. About this time Sancho IV, King oi Cajiile, made a fuccels- itilf^'"^^' ful Expedition againft the Moors, from whom he took Tarijfa and rhe King of delboyed a great Fleet the King of Fez lent to the Enemy's Af- '^^■''^|'^ ^^"^ fiftance. In the mean time Mary, the Wife oi Charles de Valois, who governed the Realm oi Naples during the Imprifonment of her Husband, fent Renald a Balfo with a ftrong Force to Sicily, where having reduced Catana, he lent back his Galiies to Naples for a Reinforcement of Soldiers, to whom Gny de Monfort was at the iarae time proceeding from the Coaft oiTufcany with a Body of chofen Troops levied in that Country; but Roger 'Doria being ^*< y"itn]rai then at Sea with the Fleet, fell in with and defiroyed both thele "j^y^^"/X Squadrons, the firft o^ Naples, and rhe latter on the Tufcan Shore.- ships'of Na- Upon the News of which Lofs the French prelcntly quitted Sicily, P^*^*- "^'*- and made the beft of their way for Naples. About the fame time Alphonfus dying, he was luccccdcd in the Throne oi Arragon by James, King oi Sicily, who thereupon gave that Ifland to his Bro- ther Frederick, and on his Arrival in Spain entered into a League with Ferdinand IV. of Caftile againft the Moors, from whom the Almcria and firft recovered Almcria, and the latter took Gibraltar. Gibraltar z^- The Conclufion of this War was foon followed by the opening of uoor'. another ; for the Pope beginning now to ftand in fear of the great ijop. Power of the Genoefe and Piftins, thought fit, according to the ample Authority they pretend to be invelicd with, to bellow the M m z Ifland 2 (S 8 Naval TranfatYtons fince the Book III. The Pope Ifland of Corficn-t belonging to the former, and that of Sardinia^ f^^^s^'- belonging to the latter, ou the Kings oi Arragon^ under pretence dinia'/tf tht that it was the only means to put an end to the long Diicord which King of hx- hacj been between thole two Republicks. But neither of them abid- "^°°' ing by fo unjuft a Donation, it was neceflary for the Arragoncfe to have recourle to Arms to get PofTeflion of thofe Iflands. The T't- fans were the lead able to maintain their Right, and therefore Sar^ 1320. diuia was firft attacked, whither Francis Carrofo repairing at the Cagiiari M- Hcad of a Fleet, befieged Cagliari, which he foon forced to fur- rUet''ofPill render, and defeated Count Manfred, whom the Tifans had lent bJatenbythat with 3 SquadroH of twenty five Gallics to the Relief of the Be- »/Arragon. fjegcd : Upon which Victory a Treaty of Peace enliied, whereby the Tifans agreed to hold the Ifland of Sardinia as a Fief of the Kingdom oiArragon. Bertnger Carrofo^ the Son of the Admiral, was left with a Squadron at Sardinia^ under pretence of defending it againfl any Attacks of the Moors, but in reality to prevent the iht Sardini- Sardinians from rifing in Rebellion ; which neverthelels fbou a tcr ans rtbti. happened, and a Fleet of twenty two Gallies were lent by the 'Vi- fans, and the Genoefe of the Gibelline Fadion, to their Alliflance, under the Command of Gafpar IDoria. Between him and the Ar- ragoncfe were feveral fliarp Difputes at Sea, but one more elpecially remarkable in the Bay oi Cagitari , wherein Francis Carrofo^ the ihi Pifans Admiral of Arragon, obtained a coropleat Vidory, and the Tifans beaten at bea y^QxQ thcrcupon forccd entirely to abandon the Ifland , which hath Arragoii. ^vcr fmcc remained to the Crown ofArragon. However, at firft it Sardinia an- proved no great Prize, the Pofl^efllion of it being clogged by the nexed to Ar- Articles of Donation wMth fuch extravagant Taxes and Tribute to I31J. the Popes, who take care never to beftov^' Gifts but to great Ad- vantage, that what with the Charge of Ships and Garrifons to main- tain it in its Obedience, and other ncceflary Expenccs, it confumcd not only its own remaining Revenues, but great part of tholb of Arragon and Catalonia ; wherefore a Diminution of the anddtfchargd Taxcs was firft: foUicited and obtained, and not long after, upon of Taxes, &c. pretcnce of its frequent Rebellions, and the vaft Charge of main- taining it, a total Remifllon of them. Alton T>oria cruizing about this time with a Squadron belong- ing to the Genoefe of the Gibelline Fadion, fell in, ofF Torra, a The Catalans Port of Sardinia, with nine Catalan Ships, and took or deftroyed beaten at Sea thcm all, which ftruck a great Terror amongfl; ihe Arragone/e, and b^yjheGeno- jiifpjfed the Sardinians with Courage to take Arms, and make an- other Attempt for their Liberty : Whereupon the War was renewed, and a Fleet was fitted out from Catalonia confifting of forty Gal- lies, and thirty Ships and Saetias, which failing over to Italy, ra- The Catalans vaged the Coafl:s of Genoa from one end to the other, without Di- coaft'ofGt- fti"^iow of Friend or Foe, (for only the Gibelline Fadion were their iioa. Enemies) which fo exalperated both Parties, that they united a- gainfl them, and refolvcd to be revenged. To that purpofe they fitted out a Fleet of fixty Sail, with which firfl: icouring the Coaft of The Genoefe Catalonia, they then croflxd over to Sardinia, where the Arrago- Catairns'ft ^^fi '^^P^ themfelvcs dole in Port, not daring to venture out to op- Saruinia. pole rl ( Chap. IX. Rtttn of the Rom. Emprc. 269 pofe them. But a new War breaking our, ^oxxt Majorca, it hin- dered for awhile the farther Profecution of this Qiiarrcl. ''Fetcr IV. was now King oi Arragon, who not being contented with the Ifland of Sardinia, caft his Eye alio on Majorca and Minorca, then pol- it(^cdhy James \\, his Coufin-Gcrraan and Brocher-in law : and, in order to reduce them, fcnt Fcter de Moncada with a Fleet of a hun- dred Sail over to Talma, the chief City oi Majorca, whereupon the Majorca and King betaking himfelf to flight, that Ifland, with Minorca, peace- 5!',""]"/^"- ably fubmitted to his Obedience. ter iv. o/Ar- In the mean time the Moors, with a great Fleet from Africa, at- "2°"" tacked Alphonfus XII, who being aided by the other Chrirtian Prin- ces oi S^^ain, the King oi Arr agon's Auxihary Ships were com- manded by Godfrey Giralhert, to whom being committed the De- fence of the Streights Mouth, he was defeated and flain by tlie E- ^^' '*''°°" nemy before Algezira, in the Bay of Gibraltar. The Arragonefe clnJiTant-ieet not being able to maintain this Pofl:, they were lucceeded on the "' Gibraltar, fame Station by a Cajtilian Squ.idron, confilting of thirty three '^"'^ Z^"' «/ Gallic?, and fome Frigates but wirh no better Succefs than the for- ^^^^'''^• mer, for the Enemy engaged and overcame them likcwifc, and flew the Admiral in the lame Place they had lb lately killed his Prede- eelTor ; which done, they landed their Troops in Spain without Op- £<»»-/- • • 1 • vT (- 4^ r. /- » loes on foreign go and make Dilcovencs, m his Name, or great Tradts or Land, D.fcovtrhi. which he was aflured lay to theWcftward of our Continent, but be- ing rejc<3:ed by him, and his Council, as a whimfical Projector, he propoled the iame thing to John II, King oi'Portugaly where meet- ing with the Hke Treatment as in England, he apphed himfclf to the Court of Spain, and was favourably heard by the Dukes of Medi- na Sidoniay and Medina Celi, who introduced him to the King and Queen ; and having the good Fortune to have his Projed: relillied by Cardinal Gonzales de Mendoza^ then Chancellor of Spain, was thereupon furniihed with Ships and Men purliiant to his Propolals. In Auguft 1491, he fet fail from St.Lncar for the Weftvvard, and A. D. l■^^^. having touched at the Gzw^ry Iflands, in thirty Days fail from thence^ he fell in with the Ifland oi Guanahani, otherwile called St. Salva- dor, and by the Englijh Cz^^-Ifland, being one of thole now known by the Name of the Bahama':,. Which finding to be uninhabited, he proceeded thence to Cuba, from whence he took fome of the Natives on board, who condu(9:ed him to Cibao, which he na- med Htfpaniola, where he diicovered feveral rich Gold Mines; and finding the Inhabitants of that Ifland to be of a more foci- able and civiliz'd Temper than the former, he relblved to leave (bme of his People among them, while he returned to Spain to give an Account of his Expedition : And accordingly ereding a kind of a Fort with the Timber of one of his Ships, which he broke up for that purpofe, he left fome Spaniards to defend it, and fetting fail for Spain, arrived in fifty Days at St. Lncar, bringing with him a Qiiantity of Gold, and twelve of the Natives of Hifpaniola as Witneflcs of his Difcovery. The News of his Arrival was received with great Joy by the Court, of Spain ; but when John King of 'Portugal heard of the Difcoveries which had been made, he, by his Ambaflador at Madrid, complained to that Court, that they en- croached upon his Dominions, for that the Countries they had found out did of Right belong to him, as pofleding the Cape Verde I- flands, and the Sovereignty of the Ocean, which his Anceftors firft caufed to be navigated. To which the Spanijh Minifters made An- fwer, that what was not in any body's Pofleffion before lay open to all Men, and that it could be no Injury to any one if they, by their Induftry, made themfelves Mafters of what was till then un- known to the reft of the World. Hereupon enlircd very high Words between the two Courts ; but at length, to prevent thefe Difputes from breaking out into a War, they appealed to Vo\)C AlexanderVl. for his Determination of the Matter, who decided it in favour of the Spaniards, in this manner. By an imaginary Line drawn from Thipopt'svi- North to South through both the Poles, in the Longitude of five Zwd'/cover- Degrees Weft from the Iflands of Cape Verde, he divided the World a countries into two Parts, all Lands dilbovered, or to be diicovered, to the ^"/,^',|f7lf* Weft ward of which he aftigned to the King oi Spain, and thofe to spaiiunis the-Erapero,r undertook another a. d. 1541. Expedition to Africa, in order to reduce Aigier, contrary to the Advice of the Pope and others, who would have had him deferr'd it till the following Spring. His fleet confifted of a hundred Ships, and eighteen Gallies, having on board, two and twenty thoufand Men, which he landed fafely near Cape Metafuz, a point of Land a little to the Eaftward of the City, of which he prefently formed the Siege ; but in a few Days there arofe luch a fierce Storm of Wind and Rain, as demoliflied all his Works, drove his Ships and Gallies from their Anchors, and made fuch univerlal Deftrudion, that he was forced to rile from before the place in the utmoft Con- t^'' Kmperor fufion, and embarking on board the Remainder of his Ships, he re- {/J/sIv/k/'^* turned to Spain with the Lois of half his Fleet and Army. .■^rr^\ ■ Argierl The fan>ous Pirate 'JDragut Raiz, having in if ji taken Tripoli ^ ^- 'SJ'- from the Spaniards, after they had been forty Years in Poffeflion ©fit, Philip II whofueceeded his Father C(??<«r/fj Y. in the King- dom oi Spain, fitted out a confider^blc Fleet in if6o, for the Re- 's'^^- icovery of that Place; which faihug to the Coafts oi Tripoli, rcdu- ihevketof ced the Ifland oi Zerbi, but was loon after attacked there by the ^^ttt^liit'"' 'Turkijh Fleet, and utterly defeated, the Ene^iy making themfelvcs Turks. Mafters of the Ifland, J^illing eighteen thoufand Men, and taking or dettroying forty two of the Ships. However lin 1^64, he had bet- is'54. ter Succeis in his Attempts on Pmon de Velez, and recovered that taLf Velon iPldce from the Moorst Two Years after a ftrong Fleet was fcnt de Veiei. from Spain to the Relief of Malt tf, then befieged by the Turks, whom the Spaniards engaging, forced th(?m to.raife the Siege, and 1571' retire with , a prodigious Lois. This Succefs was followed jn ifyi, ^*' Turks by the figoal Vidory which T>on John of Auflria, with the Spa- IZlfLd nijh Lepanto. 278 Naval Tra?ifacHons fmce the Book IIL Don John reduces Tu- nis, which is re- taken hy ihe Turks. and alfi Go- letta. ■ 7iijh Fleet, in concert with that of Venice, the Pope, and the Gerio- eje, obtained over the Turks near Lepanto, which gave fuch a Blow to the Turkijh Naval Affairs, as they have never fince been able to recover. In i^'/S, the aforefaid 'Donjohn made an Expe- dition to Africa to reduce Tunis, (which had revolted,) to its Obe- dience, and having made himfelf Mafter of that City, railed a ftrong Citadel for its Security ; but the next Year the Turks repairing thither with a powerful Army, took the Citadel, not yet fiuilhed, and pof- iblTing thcmfelvcs oiGoletta, which was very ill provided for a De- fence, entirely outed the Spaniards of that Kingdom. After King 'Philifs Accellion to the Crown of Tortugal, in the manner we have ellewhere mentioned, a ftrong Squadron was fent under the Command of Alvarez Bajfano, Marquis of Santa Cruz, to recover the Azores Iflands, which held out for Anthony who pretended to that Kingdom ; which, at the Ille of St. Michaely meeting with the French Fleet, commanded by 'Philip Strozzi, a 15S3. Marlhal oi France, they both came to an Engagement, wherein the V'^L'^lTi't French received a total Defeat, lofmg mod of their Ships, befides flTFrench at great Numbcrs of Men, among whom was the Marflial himfelf; who Sea near the falling iuto the Hauds of the Marquis of Santa Cruz, is faid to Azores, j^^^.^ j^^^^ barbaroufly flain in cold Blood, contrary to all the Laws of War and Honour, and his Body thrown into the Sea. The Mo- narchy of Spain being now raifed to its higheft Pitch of Glory, ha- ving united to the large Dominions it was before poflefrcd of, all thole of 'Portugal, and its Dependencies in the Eaft ; Philip formed V a^ni ^'^ Deflgn againft England, and fitted out his invincible Armada, Altnldl. as 'twas termed, an Account whereof, and its Succefs will be better defcrr'd till we come to the Part it had among our own Affairs. At length Philip dying in r5'98, left his vafl Territories in Peace (fave the Netherlands which were flill embroil'd) to his Son of the Tie Span i- iamc Name ; who, m India, hy his A^m\x^\. Peter Acunha, defeat- Dutd'f///r ^^ -^^ T)utch in an Engagement at Sea, and repulfed them from the w India. Mounds Ternate 2iV\dTidore\ and in the Mediterranean Sea, his Gal- ifoS. jie3 routed the Turks before Goletta, and burnt thirty three of theii Immh'^he Ships. Then entering into a Truce with the Dutch for ten Years, Spaniards. he made War on the Emperor of Morocco, and tranfported an Ar- my into Fez, which, in conjundtion with the Fleet, reduced La- ^ h' ^''rV ^^^'^^ ^^^ Mahmora, two confiderabie Towns upon the Ocean. rache'^inii Soon after this, OElavius Arrigon, in the Mediterranean, failed up Mahmora. the Archipelago at the head of the Sicilian Gallies, where, near The^aiWes ^^^°-> ^^ defeated a Turkifl? Squadron of ten Gallies, and took Si- ofSk[\Yb">t nan, who commanded them, Priibner. In 1619 the Duke of O/^ the Turks, fnna. Viceroy of Naples, took the fame Route with the Neapoli- * ^^' tan Gallies, and putting out Turkijh Colours, and placing feveral Perfbns in Turkijh Habits on the Decks, he entered the Port of Tenedo, where he iiirprized the Pajha of Cairo, then going to his Government, and brought him off The Spaniards, upon their taking of iVf^/^wora beforementioncd, had credtcd a ftrong Fortrefs there, which being in the Neighbour- hood of Salle, was a great Curb to the Rovers of that Place, and therefore Chap. IX. liithi oftheRom. Empire. 279 therefore a violent Eye-fore to the Emperor o( Morocco, who in i6zi laid ficgc to ir, wherein he was afliftcd by a Squadron of i<^-i- 'Dutch Ships, their Truce with Sj^ain being now expired: But y^l- T,^e Spsni- fhonfiis Contrera being lent to its Relief with the Span'ijh Fleet, ""l^l^'^'jl^' happily effecled ir, and railed the fiege with a great Slaughter ot^ th^ omch. Enemy. The iarae Year Frederick de Toledo., Admiral oi Spain., bciiig at Seawich the Gallics, fell .in with a 'D/i^f/j Fleet in the Streights Aloutl^, which he worftcd, andtook threeof theirShips and tun.kone : Some tiipe after which, he was fcnjc with a Fleet of thirty nine lail to Bra^l, \vherc in conjundion with fix and thirty Tortugucfe Ships, under MiifiUr- el. de Menefcs, he attacked the Town of St. Salvador., which the rhe Dutch "Dutch had lately taken from the 'P ortugnefi -., and deieacing the E- rleet beaten by nemy's Fleer, forced the Bcfieged to llirrcnder, qo. condition of. be- 'j^VVo'"'"''^ ing tranfported to Holland. But the Spaniards in a Ihort time af- guefe at st. rer dearly paid for this trifling Advantage ; for 'Peter Hcyjisxc^^lr- Salvador. ing with a Squ.idron of Dutch Ships to the Galph of Florida, fell j^gg. in, near the Havana, with the Plate-Fleet, and took moft of the T^e I3iit ii Galleons, which plundering of their Cargoes, he ran them afliore, n^^^'^.'^f*" and brought off with him near a Million, Sterling, of Silver, bcfidcs vhec. Jewels, Gold Chains, Ambcr-grecce, Cochinil, and great Qiuntities of other rich Commodities. In 1639 the Spaniards firted out a confidcrable Fleet under the 1639. Command of Antonio de Oqneiido, cocfiiting of fixty leven large Ships and Galleon"^, manned with five and twenty thoufand Seamen, and having on boaid twelve thr.uland Land-men, with what Defign was not then known, but iuppoicd to be to diflodge the Dutch Ships from before Dunkirk, and land the Troops there for the I^e- Jicf oi Flanders and rhe veil of the Spanijh Provinces; tho'Mon- iicur Pu_ffeiidorfi'.\\j?, it was afterwards found out to be intended againfl: ihe Sziedes, in favour of the Danes, who, againfl the Ar- rival of that FKet at Gottenburg, had got ready an Army of twen- ty thouland Men to penetrate Sisi^eden on one fide, while the Spt^- Jiifli Troops fliouid land and enter it on the other. Flowevcr the Dutch having two or three Squadrons at Sea, the Sfanijh Fleet The Dutch coming up the Chanel, was met, near the Streights of Dover, by ^"[^jj'/,^^, otie of them, confilting of feveniecn Sail, under the Command of ■„)],^j[-rjj"h Herpert 'vauTromp; whn, notwithftanding the Enemy's great Su- ch.xnd. periority, ventured to attack them, but finding himlelf too v/eak, got to Windward, iaiUng along towards Dunkirk, and continually- firing Guns as a Signal to the Dutch Vice- Admiral, who lay off that Place, to come to his Alhrtance, who accordingly joined him the next .Morning between Dover and Calais, where engaging the Spa^ viards, a very fliarp Fight enfued between them, which lafted Icve- ral Hours, wherein the Dutch had greatly the Advantage, and ha- ving taken one Galleon, limk another and much ihatter'd the reft, at length forced them upon the Ejtglijh Coaft near Dover. This done, Tromp, being in want of Powder and Ball, flood aWfiy for Calais to borrow iome of the Governour of that Place, who pre- Icntly fupplying him with what he demanded, he returned again to Dover ; upon whole Approach the Spaniards got within the South Foreland 2 8 o Naval Tranf actions fincc the Book III Foreland, and put themfelves under the Protection of the neigh- bouring CafHes. The two Fleets continuing in this Pofture for many Days ob- ferving each other, the Minifters of both Nations were not Icfs em- ployed in watching each other's Morions at JVhiteh-dl^ and encoun- tering one another with Memorials. The Spanijh Refidcnt importuned the King that he would keep the Hollander in Subjedlion two Tides, that fo in the interim the others might have the Opportunity of making away for Sfaiit, but the King being in Amity with them both, was refolved to (land Neuter, and whereas the Spaniards had hired Ibme Engltfly Ships to tranlporr their Soldiers to '\Dtinkirky upon Complaint made thereof by the IDutcb Embaflador, llridt Or- ders were given that no Ships or VefTels belonging to Hi^ Majefty's Subjects lliould take any Spaniards on board, or pafs below Grave- fend without Licence : However after great plotting and counter- plotting on both Sides, the Spaniard at length fomewhar outwitted se-veraiofthc j^jg Enemy, and found means, by a Stratagem, in the Night, to eJupetoDm- convey away through the "Downs, round by the North- Sand- He ad kirk. and the back of the Goodwin, twelve large Ships to 'Dtinkirk, and in them four thoufand Men ; in Excufe of which grols Negledt of the 'Dutch Admirals in leaving that Avenue from the Downs un- guarded, the Dutch Accounts fay they were alfured by the Engli/hy that no Ships of any confidcrablc Burthen could venture by Night to fail that Way. The two Fleets had now continued in their Station near three Weeks, when King Charles lent the Earl o't Arundel to the Admiral of Spain, to defire him to retreat upon the firfl: fair Wind ; but by this time the Dutch Fleet was, by continual Reinforcements ixox^ Zea- land d^wdi Holland, increafed to a hundred Sail, and feeming dilpofed. to attack their Enemies, S'xxjohn VeJinington, Admiral of HisMa- Tht Englini jefty's Fleer, who lay in the Downs with four and thirty Men of pl'l^'s between War, acqujiutcd the Dutch Admiral that he had received Orders to the Dutch adt in Defence of either of the two Parties who Ihould be firft at- ""a ^^^r tacked. The Spaniards however growing too prelumptuous on the Down's. Protedlion, they enjoyed, a Day or two after fired ibme Shot at J^an Tromp's Barge, when he was himfelf in her, and killed a Man with a Cannon-Ball on board one of the Dutch Ships, whofedead Body was prefently fent on board Sir John Tefinington, as a Proof that the Spaniards were the firfl: Aggreflbrs, and had violated the Neutrality of the King of Englatid's Harbour. Soon after which the Dutch Admiral came to a Relblution of attacking the Spani- ards ; but before he put it in Execution, he thought fit to write to Admiral Tcnnington, telling him that the Spaniards having, in the Inftances beforemcntioned, infringed the Liberties of the King's Har- bour, and become the Aggrefibrs, he found himfelf obliged to reta- liate Force with Force, and attack them, in which, puriuant to the Declaration he had made to him, he not only hoped for, but de- pended on his Afllftance ; which, however if he Ihould not be plea- led to grant, he prayed the favour that he would at leafl give him leave Ch A p . IX. Rum of the Rom. Empire. 281 leave CO engage the Enemy, othcrwifc he fliould have juft Caufe of Complaint to all the World of io manifefl an Injury. This Letter being delivered to the Engii/h Admiral, Van Tromp Van Tromp bore up to the Spaniards^ in fix Divifions, and charged them jo^'.'Jf"'^'^?^" furioufly with his Broad fides, and his Firclliips, as forced them all shore in Ihe to cut their Cables; and being three and fifty in Number, twenty Downs. three ran ailiorc and ftranded in the "Doizns^ whereof three were burnr, two funk, and two perilhed on the Shore ; one of which was a great Galleon, (the Vice- Admiral of G«///Vion Antonio de Oquendoy the Commander in Chief, and Lopez Admiral of 'Portugal, got out to Sea, and kept in good Order, till a thick Fog arifiug, the 'Dutch took Ad\antage thereof, interpofed between the Admirals and their Flee-, and fought them valiantly till the Fog cleared up, when the AJmiral of Vortngal began to flame, being fired by two 'Dutch Ships fitted tor that Purpofe, which D' Oquendo perceiving prefent- iy ftood an .ly fir 'Dunkirk with the Admiral of that Place, and lome f:\v Ships more ; for of thelc thirty, five were funk in the Fight, Spamfli shi^t eleven taken and lent into Holland^ three periflied upon the Coaft ^^^* ""'^ '"' oi Frar'ce, one near Dover, and only ten efcapcd. I have been the more particular in the Account of this Engage- ment becaule o\ rhe Relation it hath to our own Affairs, and have reported it in all its Circumftances, (the moft material of which have been omitted even in that laid to be Sir John Tennington's own Account of ir,) for that otherwilc the Englijh Government would appear to have departed from the common Rights of ail Nations, ia luiTcring one Friend to deftroy another within its Chambers, and not animadverting upon the Dutch for that Proceeding, did it not appear that the Spaniards committed the firft Fioftility, which was the Plea the others made in their Juftification : For though, by the Law of Nations I am not to attack my Enemy in the Dominions of a Friend common to that Enemy and my Iclfi yet no Laws Na- tural, Divine, or Human, forbid me to repel F^orce with Force, and , adl in my Defence when or wherefoever I am attacked. But, how- ever, it muft be confeflcd the Dutch well knew their Time, and had the like Circumftances happened twelve or fourteen Years after, when the Ufurpcr ruled, they would probably have waited for far- ther Floftilities from their Enemy, (one or two Random Shot only, being liable to Exception, and to be excuibd as accidental) before they had ventured upon fuch an A<5tion. This was a Lofs very fatal to the Naval Affairs o( Spain, that Kingdom having ufcd its utmoft Efforts in this Armament, by much the grcareft that had ever been made fince the deftrudtive Blow of 1588. And as one Misfortune generally falls on the Neck of ano- t;.* French ther, this was followed by Icveral fuccelTive Defeats at Sea from the ^"[//^/p// French, both in the Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, particularly in "'" ' * the laft, where the Archbilhop of Bourdeaux, at the Head of the O o French 2 82 Naval Tranf actions fince the Book III. Cntalonia and Portugal revolt from Spain. French Gallies, engaged the Spaniards before Tarragona, and ra- king one, funk or burnt eleven others : At which time alio hap- pened the Revolt both of Catalonia and Portugal, the firft of which coft the Crown of Sj>atn eleven Years to recover, and the latter, after feveral fruirlefs Attempts, they were forced entirely to quit all Pretenfions to by Treaty (in which our King Charles- II. was Mediator,) and acknowledge it as an independent Kingdom. Since which time the moft remarkable Incidents in the Hiftory of the Spanijh Monarchy, are its three iuccefllve Wars, under Charles II. with the French King, the firft terminated by the Peace ofyfix la Chapelle, the fccond by that oi Nirneguen, and the third by that of Ryfjuick; and laftly its War, under 'Philip II. the pre- fenr King, in Conjundiou with France, againft the confederated Powers oi Europe, which en.'cd by the Peace ofUirccht ; but not finding in all theic any thing re narkable to our pnrpofc, except in the two laft Wars, (the principal Occurrences whereof at Sea, ascheybear a Relation to our own Affairs, will be found in the fourth and fifth Books of this Work) I come in the next Place to the Naval Tranf- adtions of the 'Dutch. Chap. X. Of the Naval Wars of the Dutch. •Wefer. •> Embs The Romans huiU TH E People of Holland have from very remote Times been oblervable for their Application to the Sea, iufomuch that we find, in the Reign of 'Tiberius the Roman Emperor, Germaniciis, who was at the Head of the Legions in thole Parts, dcfigning an Expedition againft the Germans between the ' Vifurgis and the "^A- m'tfius, and relblving to go up the latter ofthofe Rivers, and attack them by Water as well as by Land, he, to that purpole, by the Af- ^Tieet'affified ^1^^"^^ of the Pcoplc ofthc hi/tila Batavcrnm (now the Province *>//« Dutch, oi Holland) built a Fleet of a thouland Ships, both for the Sail and the Oar; fome of a round Form to fuftain the Violence of the Waves ; others with flat Bottoms, for the more convenient landing the Troops; many with two Rudders, one at each End, for the more expeditious turning them; and feveral with Decks laid over them, to carry the Warlike Machines, without incommoding the Horlcs or Provifions: With which Fleet Germanicus proceeded on his Defign, and executed it with good Succcfs, but the Ships in their Return home, meeting with a violent Storm, were moft of them unfortunately loft. The next News we hear of thefe People at Sea is on their Re- iht Dutch volt from the Romans under the Emperor Vitellius, whofe ftationa- revoUfrom rv Fleet they attacked in the Mouth of the Rhine, and entirely de- *andhmTar "foycd, killing all the Troops on board, and utterly extirpating the iieet. Roman Chap.X. Rniti of theKom. Empire. 283 Roman Name in their Country. Their Affairs for feveral fubfequcnt Ages are involved in llich Obfcurity, that we meet with nothing more of their Naval Exploits till the Time of the Counts oi Hoi- land^ under whom the 'Dutch made leveral Expeditions, in conjun- The Dutch dtion with the neighbouring Nations, for recovering the Holy Land ""der the from the Saracens; where they gave many fignal Proofs of their HoJknd^ Valour, particularly at the Siege oiDam'iata in Aigypt ; tor to fome to the Holy Ships oi Harlem was chiefly owing the Reduction of that Place, by ^t."f'. means of a kind of Saw fixed to them, wherewith they cut the oBrDamiau. Chains which were placed under Water for the Security of that City. \Jm\cr John II, one of thefe Counts, his Son (who luccecded by the Name oi' iniliam III.) gained a great Naval Vidtory, oWoi Zi- rkkzee in Zceland, over Giiido of 'Dumpier, Count oi Flanders, overcome the wherein ten thoufand of the Flemings were (lain, and great Num- ^''""S '';■<' bcrs of Prifoners taken, with mofl: ot the Ships ; foon after which Fia'nders. they gave the Flemings another fignal Defeat off the Iflc o^ Cad- i304- fant. But at length Count JViUiam, in his turn, was worded feve- ral times upon the Coafts of Zeeland, particularly in an Engage- ment oiDiiyvelant, wherein one of his belt Officers, G///Vtf Biihop of Utrecht^ was taken Prifoner, with many others, three thoufand The Dutch Hollanders flain, and himfelf narrowly efcapcd falling into the Ene- ^^^ beaten on niy's Hands; but foon after fitting out a new Fleet, he fent fot yih^^^Is. Reyner Grimbaltz from Genoa., (the fame who was afterwards the French King's Admiral, and had that Complaint exhibited againft him to our Ediji'ard\, which is at large cited in the firft Book of this Hiftory) who having the Reputation of the mofl: expert Sea- man in that Age, he committed to him the Command of his Ships, came to an Engagement with the Flemings o(\^ Zirickzee , which continued till Night, when a violent Swell of the Sea parted them; in which Circumftancc the Count of Holland, to keep his Ships to- gether and in the lame Order they had engaged, linked them to each other with large Grappling Irons, which, in cale of an Attack, would be Proof againft any Force of the Enemy, who on the other Hand taftcn'd theirs only with Ropes and Cables, which the Hol- landers taknig an Opportunity to cut in the Night, thereby put the whole Fleet in the utmoft Dilbrder, infbmuch that the greatcft part of the Ships fell into their Hands, together with Count Guido him- felf, who commanded them. Which Misfortune was foon after fol- lowed by another no Icfs fatal; for both the hoftile Fleets being dif- The Dutch poled ready for Battel, the Flemings fent a Firefhip againft the ^^f'^^rL/ 'Dutch, which, by a fudden Change of Wind, being forced back a- Flanders. mong their own Ships, caufed great Deftruition among them, at which time the Dutch briskly charging them, thercupou enfued the Lois of the whole Fleet, confifting of a thoufand Ships, which were all cither burnt or taken. We hear nothing more of their Naval Wars for many Years ; but about 141 6, JViUiam Bouckeld is faid to have firft found out the A. D. 1416. Way of curing //frWw^j-, which celebrated Fiflierman dying in 1447, '^^""''''H'f he was buried at Biervliet, a Sea Port of Flanders, at which Place "'undllt. O o X the I44T- The Dutch improve in Trade, and a Naval Force, and War with the Eallcr- lings. A. D. 1471- jtfftft Kin^ Edward IV. The Earl of Warwick takes many Dutch Ships. 284 Naval Tranfatlions fmce the Book III. the Emperor Charles V. happening to land, about a hundred Years attcr, paid lb great a Refpedl to his Memory for that valuable Inven- tion, as to go and vifit his Tomb, accompanied with his Sifter, Mary Qiieen oi' Hungary, and pray for the Peace of his Soul. In 1441, the 'Dutch managed lb great a Trade and were fo powerful at Sea for that Age, that they drew upon them the Envy of the Peo- ple of the Trading Towns in the Baltick (called Ofterlmgs or Ea- fterlings in the Annals of thofc Times) who enter'd into a League againft them, and waged War for three Years, but in the End the ^Hollanders proving too ftrong for them, they difiblved their League, and the Swedes came to a Truce with them for two Years, and the T>anes and Trujjians to a perpetual Peace. In 1471, the 'Dutch had another Naval War on account of our Edward \y^ whole Sifter was the Wife of the Duke oi Bur gundy, then pofTefling ail the Lo'[vCountr'tes \ which Duke, efpoufing the Caufe of his laid Brother in Law after his Quarrel with the great Earl of IVarisDuk, that Earl, being fupported by the French King, fcoured the Coafts Qi Holland with a ftrong Squadron, where in one Day he took thirty Sail of Dutch Ships, and Toon after twenty more ; whereupon Henry Borfale, Lord of Veer was fcnt out a> gainft him with a Fleet of thirty fix Sail, who coming up with him on the Coaft oi Normandy, recovered ten of thofe Ships, and found means to fet the reft on fire: Soon after which the Earl of IVar- wick quitted the Sea, that he might profecute his Quarrel more vi- goroufly afliore in England. About the Middle of the following Century the Emperor Charles V. (who amongft his many other Dominions, was alio So- vereign of the Lo'-ju Countries) being at War with France, and they having Intelligence of a Fleet oiDtitch Merchant Ships coming up the Chanel f^om the Southward, lay in wait for them ofl' Dover, near which Place they engaged, when the Dutch being much more skilful in the Management of their great Guns, ufed their beft En- deavours to avoid a dole Fight, which would deprive them of the Advantage of their Experience; for which iame Reafon the whole Aim odhc French was, if poftible, to grapple their Ships together with thofe of the Dutch, and found means lb to do with fifteen of them, whereupon enlucd a bloody and obftinatc Fight, which con- tinued for fome time, till the French, grown weary of fo hot Work, fct the Sails of one of their own Ships on fire, in hopes it would s oblige theDutch to flicer off from the Danger, but the Ships were ib clofcly linked together that there was no difengaging them ; fo that the Flames fpreading from one Vcffel to another, raged with equal Violence among them all, and put an End to the Difpute, ia which the Dutch fay their Enemy loft a thoufand Men, and them- felves but three hundred. In few Years after this enfued thofe Troubles in the Low Couh- tries which loft the King of Spain fevcn of the Seventeen Provin- ces, and gave Rife to the flouriihing Rcpublick of the United Pro- vinces, whole Naval A<5tions, if very particularly related, would of themfclvcs require a juft Volume. As if by a Sort of Fatality it » were French Ship defiroyed Ly the Dutch. The Rife of the United Provinces. Chap.X. Ruin of the ^em. Empire. 285 were a Fore- token of the maritime Power they Ihould one Day ar- rive at, the great Blow to the Spanijh Affairs, to which that Re- pubhck chiefly owes its Rile, was ftruck by Sea, and the Effedls of a Naval Expedition. For, as Sir IVilitam Temple tells us, upon the Duke of Alvas being appointed to the Government of the Low- Countries, and exercifuig that Charge with great Cruelty, many of the poorer, and more delperatc ibrt of People fled to the Woods of the IJpper-CountrieSj where they lived upon Spoil, and in the firft Dcl'cent of the Prince of Orange s Forces from Germany, did great Milbhicfs to all fcatcer'd Parties of the Duke of Alva's Troops in their March through thole Parts. But after that Attempt of the Prince ended without Succels, and he was forced back into Germa- ny, the Count of Marck, a violent and implacable Enemy to the Duke of Alva^ and his Government, with many others of the bro- ken Troops, whom the lame Fortune and Difpofition had left toge- ther in Friejland^ manned out Ibmc Ships of (inall Force, and be- The count of took themfelves to Sea, beginning, with CommifTions from the Ma:<:kOTc/E^j Prince of Orange, to prey upon all they could mafler which be- If^fj!^"'" ^ longed to the Spaniards, fcouring all the Coafts from the Mouth of the Enibs to the Strcights of T)over : And if at any time they happened to meet with bad Weather, or too confiderable a Force of the Enemy's, they flickered themfelves in the Ports of England, till at length, at the Requcft of the Duke of Alva^ they were for- bidden by Qiieen Elizabeth., who was then at Peace with Spain. But now having gained confiderable Riches by thefe Adventure?, whether to tell or to refrefli, whether driven by Storm, or led by Defign, upon Knowledge of the ill Blood which the new Taxes had bred in all the Provinces, they landed in the Idand of l-^oorne, af- faulced and carried the Town of Briel, pulled down the Images in the Churches, profcffed openly their Religion, declared againfl the Taxes and Tyranny of the Spanijh Government ; and were imme- diately followed by the Revolt of mofl of the Towns of Holland, Zeeland, and IVejt-Friejland, who threw out the Spanijh Garri- fbns, renounced their Obedience to the King of Spain, and fwore rjdhyfwom Fidelity to the Prince of Orange. to thtPnnu During the long Profecution of this War there followed many Na- " '^^"^^' val Skirmifhcs between the contending Parties, but none of them, in my Opinion, more remarkable than that at the Siege of Antwerp in 1585-. That City having in i5'79, with Ghent, Bruges, and o- a D ic8r thcrs, entcr'd into the Union with the Seven Provinces; the Duke of Tarma, who commanded in xhz Low-Countries for the King of Spain, well knowing the vaft Importance the Recovery of Antwerp would be to his Mafter's Affairs, formed, in Angujl 1584, the Siege 7-/,^ d.,,;,, ^y of that City ; and having poffcffed himfelf of the Forts, and ad- Pa™» '''3" vantagious Pofls in its Neighbourhood, at length rcfolved to lav a ■'"'^^ '" ^"/r iJndgc crois the dcheld, two Leagues below the Town, to prevent ivhat happen- the Bcfieged from receiving any Succours from Zeeland that way, "^ thereupon. which was the only Avenue they had open. Being Mafter of the Country on both fides the River, he railed two flrong Forts oppo- fice 2b 6 Naval Tranfatli 071 s Jince the Book III. fite to each other, one called St. Mary's, on the Flanders^ and the other St. Thilifs on the Brabant fide, to cover the intended Work ; which done, he drove into the River large Piles of thirty, forty, fifty, and at length fcventy Feet long, which were well fecu- red together with crofs Planks, to fuftain a Bridge of Wood, (which he called a Paliflado) whereon eight Men might march abreafl. The River being in this Place four hundred and eighty Paces broad, and fo deep that no Trees could be found tall enough for carrying the Work farther than eleven hundred Feet into it, viz. nine hundred from the fide of Brabant., and two hundred from that of Flanders, there was a Space of thirteen hundred Feet left between the two Works, which was filled up with two and thirty Ships, placed at the Diftance of twenty two Feet from one another; each fecured againft the Tide with an Anchor at Head and Stern, and held toge- ther by four Iron Chains, and as many Cables, parted from one Ship to the other ; each Veffel having two Guns in the Forecaftle, and two in the Poop, and thirty Soldiers on board for its Defence : Over all which VefTels there being Marts and Planks laid to join a Floor to the reft of the Work, the Scheld was compleatly flint up with a Bridge of near half a Mile long. For the Defence \\ hereolj befides ninety feven Pieces of Ordnance, which (including the two in each Ship) were dilpofed through the whole length of the Work, there were placed on each fide thirty three large Floats, compofed of Ships Marts, Planks, and other Pieces of Timber, laid three ia a Row, covering the River beyond the Breadth of the Ships on each fide ; and in each Row of them were raifed forty round up- right Pieces of Timber, headed with Iron, in the Nature of Spikes, all the Spaces between which were covered with empty Hogflieads, faftcued to the Floats, the better to keep them above Water ; and to maintain them in this order, from each Float were thrown out two Anchors, held by Cables of a proper Length , that fo they might rife and fall with the Tide. Befides all which, forty Veflels, with Soldiers on board, were difpolcd, twenty on each fide of the River, for its farther Security againft any Attacks of the Enemy. It was above feven Months before the whole Work was compleated ; and till the middle Space of it was filled up with the Ships, Veflels frequently pafTed to and from Anfwerp., notwithftanding the con- tinual Fire made from the Forts on each fide. The Befieged, and their Confederates, the States of the United Provinces, well knowing that if this Communication to the City could not be again opened, it would be inevitably loft, nothing was left unattempted for compafi^ing that End. The Fleet of Zeeland, under the Command oijnjiin oiNaJfau, a natural Son of the Prince of Orange's., fet iail from Middleburgy and came up the Scheldy where attacking the Fort of Liefkenjhoeck., the 'Dutch foon carried it, and made themfelves Matters of all the Country on both fides the River as high as the Bridge : Which great Succefs haftened the Execution of a Defign lately entered into , whereby it was agreed, tha« when the Befieged, with the Works they were preparing, ftiould attack Chap. X . Kubi of the Rom. Empire. 287 atrack the Bridge, and open a PaHagc through ir, the auxih'ary Ships oiZecliridi\\o\Ad immediately make their way through the Breach and throw their intended Supply inco the City. And left the Floats bcforementioDcd, whicli lay before the Bridge, ihould hinder the Performance of \.\\z Anfxerpians Projedl, Ibme of the T>titch Sea- men went up in Boats in the Night, and fome Iwam under Water, and with Hatchets, Scythes, and liich like Inftrumcnts, cut the Ca- bles which held the Floats at Anchor : Which, however, being loon difcovercd, the Duke of Tarrna cauicd Chains to be plac'd ni the room of all the Cables, to prevent the like Damage for the future. The time appointed for the Execution of the Projcd: againfl: the Bridge was the fourth of /Iprtl in the Evening, of which the Be- fieged gave notice to the Zeelaiid Squadron , afTuring the Com- mander that they could not fail of ruining the Bi idi^e, and there- fore dcfiring that he would be ready with his Ships well ftored with Provifions, to laii through, without fear of the Enemy, to their Relief The Projedtor of this Defign was one Frederick Jambel, an /- tal'tan Engineer, (Icnr o\cr to them by Queen ElizabethJ who, by a new, and unexampled Contrivance, found means to make and fpring Mines in the Warer, which he performed in this manner. Having cauled to be built four large Hulks with flat Bottoms, and very deep, as well as of an unufuil Thickncfs and Strength, he firfi: laid in the bottom of each Huli<. a Floor of Brick from one end to the other, one Foot \\\ Thicknels, and five in Breadth, which hav- ing incloled with Walls, and a Covering of a proportionable Strength, it formed a Mine of five Feet broad, and as many deep, which he filled with Gunpowder of a moll exquifice Preparation, known only to himlclf. The Covering of this Mine confiflcd of large Tomb- flones and Mill-ftones, over which he raifed a Roof with Stones of the like Bulk flopcd together ib as to form a Ridge at top, to the end that when it blew up, it might deal its Dcftrudtion not only upwards, bur Tideways, and on all Quarters ; the Cavity of which Roof he filled with Cannon Balls of Iron and Marble, together with Chains, Hooks, Nails, and Knives, and whatever other Inftrumenrs of Ruin a Genius 16 fruitful in Miichicf could dcvife. The void Spaces between tTie Mine, with its Roof, and the fides of the Hulk, he built up with large Iquare Stones, and Beams of Timber jointed together with Iron, and then covering the whole with thick Planks, and a Brick Floor, he raifed thereupon a large Pile of Wood, to be let on fire as a Blind to his Defign, and to make the Enemy think that was all which was intended for the Deftrudlion of the Bridge, which Wood having under it Pitch, Tar, and other combuflible Mat- ter, was not to ceafc burning till the Mine Ihould take Fire, to the Mouth whereof was laid Match of a proper Length to continue burning till the Hulk fhould reach the Bridge : And to thcic four Hulks, prepared in this manner, the laid Engineer added thirteen Unaller VcfTcls, liaving their Decks covered with Piles of Wood and Fire- works. The 288 Naval TranfaElions fince the Book III. The Duke of Tarma was very well apprized of the great Pre- parations making for the Attack of the Bridge, but was totally ig- norant of the manner wherein it was to be done ; only fuppofiug that the Bcfieged, with the Ships they were getting ready, were to alTault it above, while the Zeeland Fleet Ihould do the fame below. Al! things being ripe for the Execution of this Defign, as loon as it was Night the fmall Veflels were feen coming down the Stream all in Flames, whereupon the Alarm being prefently taken in the Duke of T'armas Camp, the Banks of the River and the Bridge were imme- diately covered with Troops. By this time the fatal Squadron be- ing come within two Miles of the Bridge, the Perfons who had the Management thereof^ fixing in the middle of the Stream the Rud- ders of the four F4ulks, in fuch manner as they might be carried dire<5Hy againfl: that part of the Bridge which confided of the Ships, they let fire to the Piles of Wood and the Matches, and retired in- to their Boats ; taking little or no care of the frnaller VefTcls, as being defigned more to amufe and confound the Enemy, than to do any great Execution, fo that mofl of them ftuck on the Floats at a diflance from the Bridge, or ran afliore upon the Banks : Nor did the Hulks, now deftiture of Pilots, keep the Courfe as was defign- ed, one of which Ijjringing a Leake, lunk in the midft of the Ri- ver, the fecond and third were forced by the Wind upon the /7^;/- «3(?r J- Shore, and no better Succefs Teemed to attend the fourth, which fell foul of the Floats. Upon this the Enemy recovering their Sur- p ize, began to deride (o fruitlefs a Projedt as they luppoled this would prove ; but that laft Hulk, which was the largeft and ftrongeft of them all, forcing its way, at length, through the Floats, and bear- ing diredly upon the Bridge, their Fears began to revive, and im- mediately all Hands were let to work, iome to fend it ofT from the Bridge with Poles and Staves, others to pull down the Pile of Wood, and endeavour to extinguiih the Fire, the Duke o^ 'Parma himfelf appearing on the Bridge where the Ships joined to the PalifTado, to encourage the Men with his Prefence ; from whence however being at length prevailed upon to withdraw to Fort St. Mary's at the Foot of the Bridge, he was fcarcely arrived there, when, the lighted Match having now burnt to the Powder, the Hulk blew up with fuch a dreadful Violence, that it feemed as if Heavrn and Earth were A dreadfid comipg together, and the World was Ihaken to its Centre: And a- Biafl at the midft the horrid Blaze there flew fuch Tempefts of Stones, Chains, ''umJi'IL* ^'""^ Cannon-Ihot, which caufed fo vaft a Deftrudion as can only be Duh of Par- believed becaufe it happened. Great part of the Bridge next Fort mz, Bridge. Si. Mary's y and fix of the Ships, with the Soldiers/, Seamen, Pieces of Cannon, Planks, Guns, and various kinds of Arms, were all torn up together with one fatal Blaft, and tols'd about like ChafT before the Wind ; the fame impetuous Violence forcing the River from its Chanel, and fpreading it upon the adjacent Fields, where the Soldiers waded to their Knees, and the very Forts were filled a Foot deep. The Earth fliook for nine Miles about, and many of the largeft Stones, which were found a thouland Paces from the Ri- ver, ftuck a Foot deep in the Ground. The Duke of 'Tarma, and feveral Ch A p. X. Kii'm of the Rom. Empire. 289 feveral Officers about him in Fort St. Mary's, were beaten to the Earth with the violent Motion of the Air, and Ibmc of them hurt with the Fall of Pieces of Timber. Death appeared in variety of Shapes, and no lefs than eight hundred Men, with many Officers, were flain outright, befidcs great Numbers which were hurt and died afterwards of their Wounds, and many more were dcftroycd by the blowing up of one of the other Hulks upon the Flanders Shore, where the third that was near it (taking in fb much Water as da- maged the Powder) remained without ctfedl:. The Darkncfs of the Night added to the Horror of this dreadful Blow, which ftruck a moft terrible and univerfal Amazement a- mongft the Bcfiegcrs; notwithftanding all which, the Duke of 'Par- ma, as ibon as he was recovered from his firft Surprize, ufcd fuch extraordinary Diligence to fill up the Breach made in the Bridge, partly with other Ships, and partly by flighcly laying together a- gain many of the Planks and Timbers which floated upon the Wa- ter, that before Day the Floor was entire, whereon he difpofed a Body of Troops, wich Colours flying, Drums beating, and Trum- pets Ibunding, to make an Appearance of Oppofition, and difguile as much as poffiblc the Dcllrudion : Which Artifice fucceeded fo well , that the Zeeland Fleet made no Attempt to come up the River, though they might without difficulty have broken through the flight halTy Work, and, by relieving Antwerp, have forced the Duke oi Parma to raile the Siege. This they negled:ing to do, he in a ihort timr fully repaired his Bridge, defeated another Attempt 2"^^ Huh of againfl it, and prolccuting the Siege with extraordinary Vigour, in ^"j^/^ /"/^^ tew Months after made himfclf Mafter of the City, to the great Ad- bw^c, and vanceraent of the King of Spain's Affairs in the Low-Countries. '"'"' ^^^- This great Captain's Conduct hctoxQ Antwerp , as well in building ^^^'^^' the Bridge, as in his dextrous repairing of it when ruined, the in- genious Hiflorian, Famian Strada, has thought realbnable to com- pare with that ol Alexander the Great at the Siege oiTyre, where he riilcd a like ftupendous Work, as we have in its proper Place dclcribcd : Nor, in my Opinion, is the Comparifon unjufl: ; but wc muft at the lame time let the Antwerpians have the Honour of complcating the Parallel, by acknowleding the Bravery of their De- fence to be equal to that of tjie Citizens oiTyre. The Zeelanders wc before mentioned to have come up the Scheld with their Fleet, finding nothing farther to be done towards the ^z- licf of Antwerp, returned to Aliddlcburg ; but had not long after an Opportunity of revenging themlelves by the Share they had with Us in the Dcftrudlion of the Spautjh Armada in i^SS, of whofc Service therein I ihall be more particular when I come to treat of that A6lion among our own Affairs ; as I Ihall, in the fame Place, of the part the 'Dutch bore iu our Expedition to Cadiz under the Earl of Ejfex, in 1^96. About this time it was that the 'Dutch, being prohibited all far- ther Commerce with Spain and Portugal, to which they had hi- therto traded, with great Advantage, under other Names, took a Rclolution of vifitiug India themfelves, and trafficking, at the firfl: P p hand. A. D. I59S. Dutch Eaft- India-Com- pany fettled. 2^0 Naval TranfaSions fince the Book III. T/>eDutch4t- h^pjl, with the rich Commodities of chat Country. To which pur- r'TndiaiwL P^^^ ^^^X ^ndeavoured to find out a PafTage thither by the North- Nonh'-F.aft. Ea(t , which they propofed fliould be two thoufaud Miles fhortcr than that by the Cape oi Good- Hope ; and, in the Prolecution of this Defign, Tome Ships oi Amflerdam^ and of the Town oi Veer in Zeeland^ penetrated a confiderable way to the Eaftward, and dis- covered Nova Zembla, and the Streights of IVeygatz ; but not be- ing able to reach any farther, by reaion of the Cold and Ice, they returned home ; and that Project being laid afide, fome Merchants oi Amjierdam, in the Year iS95-> ^^t out four Ships to proceed to India by the Cape oi Good Hope^ which having traded in Sumatra^ Java^ and the I fie of Balyy iafely returned home. Not long after this they were lent out again, in conjun<9:ion with f^veral others under the Diredtion of the fame Merchants, who were now incorporated into a Publick Society by the Name of the Eaji- India- Company \ whole Profits, in thefe early Voyages, were fo great, that for every Venture of five or fix Florins, they gained a hundred. Thefe Ships were commanded by Jacob Nek ; at the time of whofe failing from the Texel, two Ships of Balthafar Mouche- ron'Sy and three of Adrian Hendrick/on'Sy proceeded on the fame Voyage from Zee/and; as did alfo five from Rotterdam, under the Command of James Mahu ; but the latter fteered a different Courie, and failing through the Streights of Magellan to the Mo- lucca! %, and thence home, navigated round the Globe. So good Succels the 'Dutch met with in thefe Expeditions, that in i5'98, eighty Ships failed from Holland to the Eaji-Indies, and returned home richly laden with Indian Commodities ; at which time fbme Sjiips were lent up the Mediterxanean to fettle a Trade in Turkey, and others to Guiana '\\\ America, to traffick upon that Coaft. This Year aifb Oliver de Noort, failing with four Ships from the Maefe, made a Voyage round the Globe, in which he took a Spanijh Ship richly laden at the Iflc of St. Mary^ and in an Engagement with two great Galleons at the 'Philippines, funk one of them. The next Year a Fleet of fcventy Sail repaired to the Canary Iflands, under the Command of 'Pet£r TDoufa, who landing in Tene- riffe., took and burnt theTow^n oi Laguna, and proceeding thence to Gomer, deftroyed that Place likewijfe, from whence he made the beft of his way for the Ifle of St. Thomas, under the .ffiquinodtial Line, which he ravaged, and brought ofTa rich Booty from thence; but the great Heats of that Climate caufing a Mortality amongft the Seamen, which proved fatal alfo to 'Dou/ii hinifelf, the Fleet re- turocd to Holland with the Lofs of great Numbers of them. In another Expedition Laurence Bicker, with two Ships under his Command, after an obftinate Difpute at the Ifland of St. Helena, took a great Spanijh Galleon called the St. James, having a very rich Cargo on board of Pearls, Gems, Go\^, Bezoar-Sionc, Amber, and other Goods of ineflimable Value, which, with four hundred Prifoucrs, and icventeen Brafs Guns, the 'Dutch put on board their Ships, and brought lafe to Zeeland, The Dutch jetile a Trade in Turkey end Guiana. Other Difco- 'veries made by »/;« Dutch. In Chap.X. . Ruin of the Konx Empire. 2^1 In i6ox, Frederick Spinola, the Brother oi Ambrcfe^ a famous Captain of the Spaniards in Flanders , coming from Spain with eight GalHcs thither, in order to cruil'e from thence upon the Zee- landerSi was met ofT the Good-Ji'in Sands by four IDutch Ships un- The Dutch dcr the Command of the Vice- Admiral oi Zeeland, who, by the ^"'^ ^''' '^°: help of Sir Robert Manfel^ then cruifing thereabouts with two overcome fome of the Queen's Ships, deftroycd all of them but one, which with ^pani(h5W/j. great difficulty eibaped to 'Dunkirk. The fame Year a Fleet of thir- teen Ships were Tent to the Ea/i- Indies under the Command of the Sieur Haghen ; from whence about the lame time anoiher Squa- dron returned under the Sieur Herman fen, after three Year's Voyage, wherein before Bantam, in the Ifle oijava, they had taken, lunk, r^e Dutch ^f?- or otherwilc dcftroyed a Tortnq^ucfe Fleet confiding of eight Gal- poTtu^uefc^ Icons, and twenty two Gallics, under Admiral Mendoza, whom they ships l,t the forced to retire to Amboina, and entirely expelling the 'Portugtiefi 'fi^"^ J*'*- from Bantam, fettled a 'Dutch FacStory there in their room. Nor long after this the Stares made themlelves Maftcrs of the Ue Dutch Town of Sluys in Flanders, and in the Port of that Place took ten '^'"' ^'"y-'. Gallies, with fourteen hundred Men on board: And in Eajtindia ^/.c Portu-'^* the Dutch oured the Tortngnefc from the Ifle of Amboina, which g"c'"e from they had poflefled ever fince the Year 1546 ; where continuing (uc- ^"'^'^•"3- cefsful in all their Attemps, and in their Negotiations with the Prin- ces in thole Parts, they poflcfled themlelves of Tidore, and moft of the reft of the Molucca's, and in a manner wholly engrofled the r*« Dutch <»/- Spice Trade. The Tortuguefe fuffering moft lenfibiy in thefe Ex- '^^t^, °/,I peditions, bclbught the Kingof iS)^^/;i! to make Peace with theDutch; spue iradi. and Spinola, his General in Flanders, advifing the lame thing. De- puties were accordingly difpatched to the Hague, but without Suc- cefs. Alter this they icnt their Admiral Hcmskirk with a Fleet a- gainft Spain, who having Advice the Spanijh Fleet was in the Har- bour oi Gibraltar, tho' they were very ftrong, and had a numer- ous Artillery, wirh fome Regiments of their bcft Land Forces on r-f>e Spaniards board, he bravely attacked them, and obtained a compleat Vidto- "JJ^"'"', ^^ ry, but was himfelf flain in the Battel : Not long after which the Gibraltar, " i)utch came to a Truce with Spain for twelve Years, the Articles '^"<^ whereof were flgned the ninth ofy^ri/1609. "twelve nlrs The great SuccefTes of the Dutch in India had now made their A. D. 1609. Name fo famous in all Parts, that one EmbafTy came to them from The Dutch Japan with Invitations of Friendlhip and mutual Commerce, and "«««'' ^y /*- another from the Emperor of Morocco, with the like Offers of Li- '"&'"'""»'■ berty of Trade in that Country : And foou alter they received Am- bafladors from the Grand Signior, and King of "Perjia, with Propo- fals of Freedom of Commerce alfo through their relpedtive Domi- nions. About this time one Hud/on, an Englijhman, was fent out by the Dutch Eaft-lndia Company, to find a way to India by the North-Weft, but being ftop'd by Ice in one Route, he fteered an- other Courfe, and dilcovered thofe Strcights, and that Bay fmce Hudron'jB4y called by his Name , but could meet with no Paflagc open to '^•f"'^"''^- India. P i In 2^2 Naval Tranfdcl'ions fmce the Book IIL In i6iz, the Spaniards and Tortugiiefe envying the vaO; Advan- tages the 'Dutch received from their Trade, oppofed their Com- merce, and pretended that none but themfelvcs had any Right to pais beyond thciEquinoftial Line; whereupon the States fitted out a Fleet ro prorcdt their Navigation. So ibon did thole People re- vive the Pretcnfions they had lb ftrenuoufly afferted, and at length with fb much Reludance departed from in the late Treaty , on Grotius vvhich occafion Hugo Grotius wrote his celebrated Treatife de Ma- rTuber!)iutch fay) to attack them. Trotnp prepared to give the ufual Honours to the Eiiglijh Flag, and ordered one of his Captains to go on board with a Complement to the Engltjh Admiral ; but Blake having no Regard to thefe Marks of Submif- fion, fired twice at Trotnp's Ship, who made no Return till he re- A Sea Fight ccivcd a third Shot, and then the Fight began, which laitcd till Night I'ntuihiind pattcd them ; and both Admirals lent an Account of the Adlion to Dutch. their Principals, each excufing himfelf from being the AggrLlTor. The Tintch AmbafTadors, (who continued ftill in England^) had Audience, upon this Occafion, of the Parliament, to whom they made a Speech, and did what they could to renew a good Under- ftanding between England and Holland, but in vain. They fent another Ambaflador, who made Application to thc-Parliament and Council of State, but without Succefs; lb that they all returned home, and an Engagement happened betwixt "De Ruyter, and the The E"Sl'J Englijh Admiral A/congh, who had the worft. The Englijlo had advanta'cat ^1'° thc Difadvautagc in an Engagement near Leghorn^ betwixt Com- sea, " madore Badiley and the 'Dutch Commander Van Galen ; but the are aft'r- '^^^tch wcrc wotftcd in the Fight betwixt Calais and Dover under ■zvardsfac- De Ruytcr and De Wit, the Engliflj Fleet under Blake being cefsfui. much fuperior in Force. Another Engagement happened between and Enghfli 1^'>'0wp and Blake, wherein the Englijh were obliged to retire in- aiternateiy to thc Rivct Thames : But afterwards in another Fight betwixt the beaten. ^^^q Admirals, which lafted three Days, the Dutch were worded; and Van Galen obtained an Advantage over the Englifl) in the Streights, but lofi: his Life in it. A. D. 1653. The Englijh in 165-3 inclined to a Peace, but were prevented by Cromwell, who difToived the Parliament. That Year a bloody jiiioodyFi^ht Battel was fought betwixt Van Tromp and the Englijh Admirals ^tn no ^.Ta ®^^« and Monk, wherein the Dutch were worftcd, which occa- Dean and fioncd Tumults in Holland: And the fame Year in Auguft, there Monk. Yvas another bloody Engagement, wherein the Dutch were again Van Tromp defeated, and Van Tromp flain in the Action ; who was buried with ■'^'""' great State in Holland-, and had a iumptuous Monument eredted to his Honour at the publick Charge. This Vidtory was lb great on the Side of the Englijh, that the Dutch were glad next Year to r/je Dutch accept of Peace, whereby they engaged to the Protedor entirely to ZthOhvlr ^^^"^°" ^^^ Interefts of King Charles II, then in Exile, and to and agree to niakc a Declaration thereof in Form to the Kings of Sweden and jinke to the Denmark, obliging themfelves not to receive into their Dominions, EngiiOi, o'o. Q^ gjy^ Protedion to any of the Enemies of the Commonwealth of England. They alfo renounced all Pretenfions to Equality with the Engltjh at Sea, and agreed that all Ships of the United Provin- ces, as well thofc of War as Merchant Ships, meeting with any Ships, s of Chap. X. Ritin ofthe Rom. Empire. 295 of War of the Commonwealth oi England, within the BraiJhS'esLSi fliould ftrike their Flags, if they bore any, and lower their Top- Sails, in the lame hianner as had been pradtifed in any former times, or under any former Government; engaging alio to ihake Satisfa- d:ion for the Injuries done at Amboyna, and to do Juftice on the Offenders, if any vvere yet living ; ind to make Reftitution of fc- veral Englijh Ships and Merchandizes feized by them in the Domi- nions of the King of 'Denmark, or pay the full Value thereof^ on condition that Prince fliould be alio comprehended in the Treaty : Befides which O(?wocf// impofed a yet harder Condition on them, whereby they were obliged to exclude the young Prince oi Orange, t"/^' Dutch becaufc of his Relation to the Royal Family of England^ from all fijj/j^ "'^ publick Offices in the Commonwealth. your.g prmce In 1656, the States, on account of their Trade, interpofed in the "' °""|*" Qiiarrel between Charles Gujtavus King of Sijueden, and John rhe Ddtch Cajimir King of Poland, whom they brought to a Peace by the "^^,'1' '^' Treaty of Elbing, their Admiral Obdam overawing them both with ^"^'ailYo- his Fleet. The next Year Differences happened between the French land to main and the 'Dutch, on account of fome French Privateers which took ^""• their Ships, and difturbed their Commerce, of which the Dutch ha- ving long Gornplain'd in vain, they took the Privateers, whereupon their Ships were feized in France, and the Dutch made Reprilals ; but Monfeuf de Thou being fent into Holland by the Court of France, made up the Difference, and the Ships were releafed on both Sides. In 1658 the States concerned themfelves in the War betwixt the A. d. 1658. IDanes and Swedes, and deliver'd the King o^ Denmark, who was much ftrcighten'd in Copenhagen, Admiral Obdam, by the Defeat of The Dutch the Swedijh Fleet, relievii>g that Capital, and entring it in a frf- ^^|" p/jjj„^j umphant manner. And the following Year de Rtiyter, failing ^6 rdnve the the Baltick, and joining the Danes, again defeated the Swedes at King of Dtn- the Battel of Nyborg : Soon after which a Peace was concluded in '"*'^'^* the North by the Mediation of England and France. In the mean fime the Dutch were very fuccefsful in India againft; the 'Fortti- guefi, but by their Negligence gave the Chinefe an Opportunity to ^^* Chinefe leize the Ffle of Formofa, to the great Lois of their Edftlndia ^J„ ^l^° ' Company. Outch. In 166+ an Englijh Squadron, under Commadore Holmes, uuex- a. d. 1664. pedtedly fiirprized feveral ofthe Dutch Forts on the Coafts o( Gui- nea-, but De Ruyter loon after retook them. They did all they could nevcrthelels to avoid a War with England, but in vain, lo that they came to an open Rupture the next Year, the Duke of Tork and his prevailing Fadtion at Court refuftng all the advantagi- a Rupture be- ous Offers made by them; whereupon they fent a Fleet to Sea tin- ^'|j"'^„^"^oi. der Admiral Obdam, and gave him pofitivc, but imprudent Orders, to und. fight the Engli/ly, let the Wind be how it would; which he being forced to obey, contrary to the Opinion of his Officers, it had a fatal Effcd ; for the Englijh Fleer, commanded by the Duke of Tork, Prince Rupert, and the Earl of Sandwich, defeated them, ^'^^ ^^ff^ burnt and funk nineteen of their Ships of War, and killed thcrti fix y^.J;.^^ Dutch I • rhoufand ihip. 29^ Naval TranfaBioiis fince the Book III. thoufaud Men, with the Lofs only of four Ships, and fifteen hun- dred Men on our Side, but among them were Rear Admiral Sam- fon, the Earls oi Marlborough and Falmouth, the Lords Tortland and Fitzhardingy with fourteen other Perfons of Note. Admiral Obdam, in the Beginning of the Adion, attacked the Duke of 7(jr(6, funk the threeYachts that attended him, and had almoft difabled the Ship where he bore his Flag as High Admiral, but he was feafonably reicued by Vice-Admiral Lawfon and Captain Smith, and Obdam being engaged with feveral other Englijh Ships that had the Wind AcLm\raiO\i- of him, lic was blown up, either by an accidental Shot that enter'd dam bUixin j^j^ Powdcr-Room, or, as the 'Dutch fay, by the Treachery of an Englijh Gunner that lerved on board him. He was one of the an- cient Nobility oi Holland, and had a noble Monument ercded by the States to his Memory. .- jh;;-. A D 1666. ®'' Ri'yter luccceding him next Year in the Command at Sea, fought the Englijh Fleet, under ^nncc Rupert and the Duke of^/- bemarle, for four Days; and though the Englijh behaved them- felves with their ufual Gallantry, they loft (lays the Hiftory of The Englidi HollaudJ three and twenty great Ships and had fix thoufand Men have the killed (of which Number were Sir JVilliam Berkely, Vice- Admiral 7st tgh!" of the White, and Sir Chrijiophcr Myngs) bcfides two thoufind fix hundred taken ; the Dutch lofing fix Capital Ships, two thoufand eight hundred Soldiers and about fourfcore Seamen, together with Evert zen. Admiral of Zeeland, Vander Hulji Vice- Admiral of Amjlerdam, Stackhover Rear Admiral of JFeji Friejland, and fbme other Officers, who were reckoned among the fiain. However both fides attributing the Vidory to themfelves, publick Rejoicings were made for it as well at London as Amjlerdam. In Atigujl the fame Year another Engagement happened, wherein the Englijh had The Engiifli the Advantage, for which De Ruyter blamed the Condudl of Van ieat De Ruy- y ., ^^j^^ was thereupon dilcharscd from his Erapioymcnt, while ter and Van ^..^ X ' , . r 1^ ■ 1 1^1 1 1 ■ .-^ 11 • » Tromp. De Ruyter himielf acquired as much ulory by his Gallantry m the Fight, and brave Retreat, as if he had obtained the Victory. And, befides the Honours he received from the States, the French King, who was then their Ally, lent him the Collar of the Order of St. Michael, with a Gold Chain, and his Majefty's Pidure let with Diamonds. Soon after this Engagement the States lent a Squadron to join thirty fix French Ships in the Mediterranean, in order to deftroy our Commerce there : And now a Treaty was fet on foot by the Mediation of the Queen-Mother of England, which having no Effedt, the French and Dutch made a Junction of their Fleets near The Engiifli Dunkirk, before whom our Fleet retired, with the Lofs of one Ship retire jrom of 5"© Guns. Not loug after this, twenty Men of War under Com- *!!1a^^,^1 madore Holmes made a Defcent on the Dutch Coaft near the "Vlie and Dutch iiri-ii 11 t-- -r.i 1/-1 jieets. and the lexel, where he burnt two Frigates, milsd narrowly of de- commadore ftroying their RuJJia Fleer, and committed fome other Hoftilities, Holmes Aon to countenance a Rebellion againft the States raifedby one Hemskirk, DMdf '"'''" who revolted with fome of their Ships under his Command, burnt A. D. 1667. about a hundred of their Merchant Men, and Ibme Ships of War on the Stocks, but being purfucd by aDutch Squadron, he was killed in the Chap. X. Rimi of the Rom. Empire. o^-j the Engagement, fcvera! oi' his Ships taken, and the Men on board them executed in Flolland, while the reft made their Elcapc to England. In 1667 the 'Dutch made Propofals of Peace which were treated a. d. i66~. of at Breda : But w hilc the Englijh protracfted the Negotiation, IDe Ruyter pur to Sea, and anchoring in the Thames Mouth, fent feven- teen of his hghteft Ships, with four Barks, and four Fireihips up to Sheernefs, where rhey took the Fort, demoHlhcd the Fortifications, and burnt or carried of! the Naval Stores laid up there. After this ^^ Ruyter they went up the Med-^jjoy to Chatham, where they met with lit- tlZs fome fie Refiftancc, except from a few Scots Men under Captain 'Dfjza'- Engiifh iA»/.j glas, who was burnt on board one of the Ships of War as he brave- j^'iedw^'^"^ Jy defended her; And before their Retreat they burnt fix of our largeft Ships, and took the Royal Charles, with a Frigate of forty four Guns ; which haften'd the Conclufion of the Peace to the Ad- vantage of the Dutch ; who prcfcntcd their Commanders De Ruyter, De IV'tt, and Van Ghent, with a Gold Cup each, on which was engraven the Acftion oi Chatham to perpetuate in their FamiHes the Memory of this Enterprize. This Didionour to England x?, chiefly to be afcribed to the under- Treachery of hand dealing of the French, who incited the Dutch to it during '^' ^Tench. the Treaty, as being their Intcrefl: to foment Divifions betwixt the two Proteftant maritime Powers, in order to dcftroy them both. However it did not interrupt the Negotiations at Breda, where a i^^Jy. Peace was concluded between the Englijh and Dutch Minifters in Bfeda*"'^ °^ Jtily 166 J ; two Years after which the States Ibllicited the Triple Alliance betwixt £'«^/^;/^, Sweden, and themfclves, againft the for- midable Power oi France, which ruined the French King's Meafures at that time, bur lo highly provoked him, that he found means to break the faid Alliance, and to engage England with him in a War England <»»<« a2,ix'm([ Holland. This the Dutch ufed all Endeavours to prevent, jI^"»y?Ho[- buc in vain ; for the French King, by the Interview at Dover be- land. twixt King Chart's II, and his Sifter the Dachefs of Orleans, had firmly riveted cha: Prince in his Intcrcft: So that tho' he endea- voured to pcrluade 1 he Dutch, by his Ambaflador Sir George Down- ing, that he would faithfully adhere to the Triple Alliance, he at the fame time prepared his Fleet to attack them by Sea, and fent Forces into France, under the Condudt of the Duke of Monmouth, and ioon after, without any Declaration of War, ordered Commadore 1-57 1. Holmes to attack their Smyrna Fleet in their Return home, off of '^'"'^'^ ^*'>^ the lOe oi f Fight ; which he did, and took fome of them after two ^""' " Days Fight, wherein the "Dutch made a brave Defence. Soon after which the King caufcd four of their Eaft-lndia Ships to be feized in their Return from Batavia, and all their other VelTcIs in his Harbours: And in A^ril following publidied his Declaration of War J^^ Enghm againft them, grounded on their Intra(5tions of the Treaty oi Breda, "Jlnii the their Difturbancc of our Commerce in the Indies, the Injuries done Duuh. to our Colony at Surinam, and there aflronting the King's Perfon by infamous Medals and Pid:ures, and burning his Effigies in Terjia, as they had indeed done in the moft infolent manner. Q^ q The 2 5* 8 Naval TranfaElions fince tide Book 111. Mavi« i')7i. The enriiin::^ Summer T)e Ruyter attacked the Ew^lifh and French auachlll f'^cfs in Southivold ^d^y under the Commind of the Duke oi Torky Engiidi -2«' after there was another bloody Engagement betwixt the Fleets while the Englijh prepared tor a new Dclcenr upon Holland^ but after a fharp Engagement they both retired, with mt claiming Vidtory, and the Dclcent milcarricd. And now the Parliaincnt and People of jEw^- /^;/rf' growing weary of the War with the Dutch., and uncaly at the '<'J4. Progrels of the French in the Netherlands^ King Charles was put 'ExAzn^and Under a Neceflity of coming to a Peace, than which the Dutch Holland. at the fame time dcfiring nothing more, it was accordingly conclu- ded in February 1674 167s. The next Year the Spates, upon Hopes of a Revolt on the Coafts oi Norjnandy, fet out a Fleet undet De Ruyter and Van Tromp; but their Dcfi^n was dikovercd, and that, as lome luppofcd, by the King oi Great Britain, for which the Chevalier de Roan was be- headed, and lome others executed in France; hut Tromp returning Tromp ^c- from the Coafts oi France, deflated the Swdijh Fleer, and forced (eati the bwe- , i-rTi ii i- r liiftif/etf. them to retire uito their own Harbours, which was done in purlu- ance of the League the Spates had made with fome Princes of the Empire againft the S'-Ji'edes, who had invaded the E!e(Stor of Bran- A. D. 1676. denburgs Dominions, hi i6-'6 the Treaty oi~ Nimcgnen was let oa Treaty at Ni- Jq^^j. jj^j. ^ Pg^cc bctwccn the French and Dutch, and the other Par- -junhout Sue- ties then at War, by the Mediation o;" King Charles, but then without "A cfTcd: ; which lame Year De Ruyter being lent to Sea againft his Will, becauie he judged their Fleet was not of fufficient Strength, Mt^Xr ^^ ^^^ '^^^'^ Engagements on the Coaft of Sicily with the French, French, and and loft his Life by a Wound. ny?4;». Ijj 1679, the States came to a Peace with the Algerines, who had Dutch makt for iTome time molefted their Trade in the Mediterranean; but they Peace with wctc forccd, as a Preliminary to their Treaty, to make the Barba- 'ad^i6^i! ^^^"^ ^ Prefent of eight Pieces of Brafs Ordnance, with a confide- rable Quantity of Powder and Ball. In 1681, the Dutch Eafl- India Company reduced their Tributary the King of Tcrnate, in the Eafl Indies, for taking Part with the King of Bantam, whom they brought to their own Terms. 1*595. King Charles II. dying in 1685-, was fnccecdod by his Brother K«i Charles ^j^^ j^^^ j^.^^ James, who (fays the Hiftory oi Holland) tho' he had the grcateft Realon to be iatisficd with the States General, yet from the Moment he afccnded the Throne, he betrayed Signs of his Difaf- Chap. XI. Rni?i ofthcRom.E?/ipire. 25*^ Ditaffedion to them, of which the next Year he gave manifcfl: Proofs, by countcuancing the yi/gerines, who were now again at King James War with the '"Dutch ; for permitting them for Ibme time to make ^^J^"" '*" u!e of his Ports, and IcU their Prizes in England^ they thereby had makeujttf Opportunities, as they pleaicd, to go out and cruiie againfl the ^" ■P""^- Dutch, and in fix Months Time took, in or near the Chanel, a- bove thirty rich Merchant Ships from them. The fame Year a Squadron of French Ships under the Duke dc Mortemar took a Dutch Man of War upon the Coaft of 'Portugal^ but that mat- ter was prefently compromifcd and the Ship rcftored. Soon after this King James making thole open Attempts upon the Conllitution of this Kingdom, which at length occafioned aa Invitation from the Principal Nobility and Gentry to the Prince of ^^« ^'■'«« «/ Orange to concern himielf for the Preiervatioa of their Religion |^""/£n"!'" and liberties, his Highnefs communicated the fame to the Stares Ge- land. neraj, who came to a Refolution of fupporting him in that Underta- ""'^ king with a Fleet and Army, loon after which enliied that happy ,htermimto Revolution in England, which let his late Majcfty (ofGlorious Me- /■'/'/'("•/"'»'. mory) upon the Throne: Since which time the principal Naval Tranlad:ions of the Dutch having been in Conjundfion with thole of our own Nation, in the two laft Wars with France, they will be accounted for in the fourth and fifth Books of this Hiftory ; and therefore we proceed, according to our propofed Method, to the Naval Wars of the Swedes. Chap. XI. Of the Naval fVars of the Swccks. '" I "^ACrTDS in his Account of Germany, fpeaking of the SwedeSy J by the Name of Suiones, fays they were potent not only in Men, but alfo in Shipping, and that the Form of their VelTels dif- fered from thole of the Romans, in that each End of them was Ihaped as a Prow, to avoid the Inconvenience of turning, and were navigated without Sails; nor were the Oars placed in Order in theif FTrmT/Thc Sides, like thole of the Romans, but fo as that they might be chang- Swediih fv/- ed, as Occafion lliould Icrve, from one Part of the VelTcI to ano- ''''' thcr. IVolfgang Lazius, a good Collcdtor of Antiquities, takes no- tice of leveral Migrations of thefc People, and tells us that a Num- ber of them ferved in the Wars under Alexander the Great, that many were in the Pratorian Guards to the Roman Emperors, and that leveral Bodies of them fettled on the RiverS IVe'tjfel and Elbe^ on the Rhine and the Danube, and in Bohemia, Hungary, Suabia, and other Parts of Germany. But thcfe S'Juedes (if we may {o call them) who made liich diftant Excurfions, are better known under the Name of Goths, of whofc Naval Affairs, when they came to make a Figure in the World, wc have already given an Account. Q^q 1 In The ancient 300 Naval TranfatYtons fince the Book III. In the mean time the great Stock from whence thcfe numerous Branches fpraug, flouriflied within the Confines of the prcfent S'xe- den, where, about the Time of Chrift, xtxgncd Sigtritgiis, the third from Wodeiiy from whom defcended a long Race of Kings of Svje- den ^wdiKovj!:ay\ after which, with various Change of Fortune, ne Danes ^^ 'Daues wcre reduced to fubmit to them, and lometimes the dfJZSy^ SiJuedes to the T>anes. In thefe Times we rarely meet with any fuhmtttoeach Naval Wars of theirs, and thofe they had were only with Pirates "'*"■• who infefted the Seas ; againft a Body of whom King Haldatius II. going out with a Fleet, he flew their Leader, and cleared the Seas of them for fome time. He was fucceeded by Vngrtms^ and he by Regnaldusy in whofe Time a Lady of the Royal Family, chang- A Swedidi ing the Habit of her Sex for that of Men, put to Sea, and pradifed Lady commits pjracy, with a Refolution and Courage more than Mafculiue. Nor Ptraaes. .^^ ^^^^^ Timcs was that Trade looked upon as dilhonourable, for the Kings themfelves, and the Princes their Sons, would frequently attempt to poflels themfelves of what they met with on the Sea, reckoning all fair Prize on that doubtful Element, whether belong- ing to Friend or Enemy. A. D. 387. About the Year 387 was waged a fierce Naval War between Ha- A fierce War quifi R'ttigo^ Kiog of SwedcH y zad Haroid, Ydng oi 'Denmarky for i'mpo/s^ye- which they were leven Years making Preparations of Ships, Arms, den and Den- and Auxiliaries on either fide. The 'Dane was aflifted by the f^an- •""k. da/s. Angles, Frifons y and Saxons \ as was the Swede by the Novwegiansy L'tvon'tansy Careliansy and Ingr'ians : And on bocii fides were many Women trained to War, who not only fcrved a- mong the common Seamen and Soldiers, but were alfb many of them at the Head of Squadrons. The two Fleets were fo numerous that they covered the whole Length of the Streight between Zee- land and Schouen : where engaging, a long and bloody Battel was fought, with various Succefs, fometimes one giving way, and fomc- The Swedes timcs the Other, till at length the Death of the T)amjh King con- Ujn"fl7f/cJ. firmed theVidtory to ihc Swedes; who becaufe of the fignal Ser- vice performed in the Engagement by Hethay one of the warlike Ladies, appointed her, in reward thereof, and at the fame time to difgrace the 'Danesy to rule them as Queen ; but they refufed to fubmit to her Authority , and yielded themfelves to OlOy Son of the King o'i Norway y to vihom Rtngo had lately given Schonen After a Succeflion of feveral Princes, Regnerusy King of 'Denmarky having The Danes killed Charles King of Sweden in a fingle Combat, and poflefTcd fifvesofs^i:- h'ni'clf of that Kingdom, he beftowed it on his Son Biorney as he den. did Norway on his Son Eric, which latter (fay the Swedijh Hifto- rians) reduced the Orkney Iflands , and defeated the King of Scot' land in an Engagement on the Coaft of that Kingdom. Sweden Aef- After various Revolutions during a confiderable Length of Time, '^Hkt '°o'/" the Crown of Sweden came to Albert Duke of Mecklenberghy who, Meckien- by fevcral Adls of Tyranny, having drawn upon himfelf the Hatred ber^h Qf f^jg Subjcdts, they applied to Margaret y Queen of 'Denmark '^ ^' and Norway y for Affillance, and offered her the Crown, on condi- tion Ihe would expel Albert : And flie accordingly entering Sweden 1 with Chap. XL Kitin of the Rom. Empire. 301 with ail Army, gave him Barrel , and entirely defeated him, tak- Margaret. ing the King and his Son Prilbners. Notwithftanding which great 5^'"" "f Victory, there enfucd the Calamities of a Naval War ; for the Duke d}}poJijf^s the o\' Mi'ckleubcr^h, the Earl o'i Holfteln , and the Hans Towns, en- ^"^'^ "/ gaging in the Quarrel of Atbert^ lent continual Supplies by Sea to berh ^°" Stockholm^ Calmar, and other Ports of S'ui-eden yet held by Albert^ whofe Party being alio furnillicd with a Fleet from the fame Powers, ravaged all the Sca-Coafts, and ib infefted the BaUick^ that they pur an end to all Trade and Commerce in thole Parts. After this di-lbuclive War had continued icven Years, a Treaty was let on foot between the contending Parties, and at length concluded, whereby ft was agreed that Albert , with his Son, Ihould be fet at liberty, and within three Years make a formal Renunciation of all Right or Title to the Crown oi Su;edeii^ or elfe lurrender himfelf Priibncr again ; and that, in cafe of Failure of Performance, the Cities of Liibcck, Hamburgh ^ and the other Hans Tou'ns lliould pay the Qiicen fixty thouland Marks of Silver. Matters being thus lettled, Margaret appointed her Nephew, Eric 4/>;fl;»/s(i Henry Duke of 'Pomerania, her SuccefTor, caufins; him to change *^ JJ^^J^sarec 'XT /-/->• 1 /-I 111 t^.'J the (^rowi* ms Name to that of hric, that lo he might be the more acceptable of Sweden. to the S-^-ediJh Nation. He was lucceeded by his Nephew Chrijto- '39<5. J>her Duke of Bavaria^ and Count 'Palatine of the Rhine ; and he 1441. by Charles Cnutefone, Marlbal of S'-Ji'eden, whole SuccefTor was The succejfon John., the Sou oi Chrijlian I, King oi 'Denmark, after whom reign- o/Eric. ed his Son Cbrijfian 11, lurnamed the Tyrant. His Behaviour being 1510. iuitable to that Title, Giijiavus Eric/on, defcended from the anci- ent Kings oi S\Ji!eden , was let up by the People againft him, who every where forcing the Danes to fly before him, at length pofTef- fcd himfelf of the City o^i Stockhobiiy by help of a Fleet which the Lnbeckers lent to his Afllltance, and Ibon after was fblemnly cuftavus E- crowned at Upfal. i\don crou-n- After quelling feveral Commotions in Eaft and Weft Gotblandy a gj^.^^^^^ ""^ new War was railed againft him by the Lnbeckers^ who, in confi- dcration of their former Services, having defired a Monopoly of the Trade to the Northern Coafts of his Kingdoms, and being denied lb unrealonable a Rcqucft, demanded the Payment of fbrae Monies due to them on an old Account, received into their Protedtion feve- ral Exiles which favoured Chri/lian's Party, and putting a ftrong Fleet and Army under the Condud: of John Earl of Hoya, (Gujta- vus's Brother-in-law, but his mortal Enemy) defigned nothing lels than the Conqueft of the Northern Kingdoms : To which purpolc allb they fomented a Sedition in the City of Stockholm, and endea- voured to prevail with a Body of the Citizens to cut off their King, promifing to make that Place one of the Hans Towns. And d^(- tcr Frederick the King of Denmark's peath, and the Confufion which enfued thereupon, they perluaded allb many of the Citizens ■of Copenhagen and Malmoe to join in their League, fo that their Party being now very numerous, they obtained feveral very confi- derablc Advantages at Sea ; but the "Danes having cholcn Chrijiian in. for their King, and Gujlavns fupplying them with Mony, and joining 302 Naval Traiifacfwns Jince the Book III. joining his Ships and Forces with chem, they came to an Engage- The Fleet of ment with the Enemy in the Sound, and utterly dcftroycd their the Lnheck- whole Fleet. It was this Gujiavns, who, Olaus Ma^iiiis tells us, Tdherttfe- ^ad, about the Year 1540, Gallics built in the BaUic/: by fome Fe- jiroyeit. netian Shipwrights, with defign to reduce the Pirates of Eji^ A. D. 1540. landt and Mujcovy, who infefted the Trade on the Gulph ol Fin- land. He alio built a Ship of fuch Force (fays the lame Author) as to carry a thoufand fighting Men, and three hundred Sailors. He was fucceedcd by his eldeft Son Eric, who had a Naval War with the T>anes and Lubeckers ., which was long w'aged with vari- ous Succefs on both fides, but at length concluded with Diladvan- Eric the Son tagc to the Swedes. This Prince being depofed for his Male- Admi- o/Gu(iavus niftration, his Brother 7^/^;/ was appointed his Siicceflor, who was ^^"^^ ■ fucceeded by his Son Sigifmund, King of 'Poland, and he by his Uncle Charles IX, the Father of Guftaplms Adolphus. A D. 161 1. OnG///?h '^'" Mufco- from the Turks, ordered a good Harbour to be made there, and a r,p^h,'L'd Fleet to be built of eighty Gallies, and a hundred and fifty Brigan- build aFieet. tines; and, to open a new Courfe of Trade in thofe Parts, he has caufcd a Canal to be cut from the Volga (which dilembogues itfelf in the Cafptan Sea) to the River Don., which falls into the 'Taliis Maoris at AJoph. Indeed the taking of that important Place from the Turks was the Conlcquence of a Naval Vid:ory; for, being maintained by a Garnfon of ten thoufand Men, the Czar had for fome time bcficged it with a hundred thoufand Foot, and twenty thoufand Horle ; but having then no Shipping, the Turks threw in Supplies as they pleafcd, lb that he was at length obliged to raife the Siege ; but rclblving to repair that Difgrace, he made greater Preparations of Artillery and Bombs than before, and provided a Number of large Gallies, fome of them a hundred Feet in Length, with which engaging the Turks in Pcrlbn, he took or Ibnk all the Saiques laden with Supplies and Proviftons, and utterly defeated their whole Fleet; whereupon the Garrilbn in the Town immedi- ately came to a Capitulation. Having thus briefly dilmifs'd the MufcoviteSy the Turkijh Naval Wars are what next claim our Con- fidcracion. R r ^ Of 5o8 'Naval TranfaBlons fince the Book IIL T Of the Naval Wars of the Turks. 'HOSE People having continued for many Ages among their native Mountains of Scythia, and after their leaving thofc Habitations, and raifing themlelves to a confiderable Power, their Seat of Empire having been for a long time chiefly in the Inland Parts o'iAfia, their Hiftory affords few or no Materials for our pur- M?3- pofe, till Mahomet I. took the City of Conjiantmople, in 1453 5 rhe Turks after which time they became Maflers of numerous and potent Fleers. feTof'tot'cnt The taking of that Place was foon follow'd by the Deflrudlion of JBietts. the Empire of Trebizoude, which City, after feveral Naval Skir- raiihes before it upon the Euxine Sea, was reduced to their Obedi- ence. After which, with their Fleet, they took the Ifle of Mete- lino, in the Archipelago, and tranfplanted the Inhabitants to Con- T^e Turks jlantinople. Then having reduced Negropoitte , Mahomet made ■ver') friccefs- j great Progrcfs by Land, and enter 'd Stiria and Carinthia, two Landf^""" Frontier Provinces of Germany, where carrying all before him, he thence penetrated into Italy, and gave the Venetians a fignal De- feat at the River Soutitis, which, not without Reafon, flruck a uni- verfal Terror through the reft oi Italy, for his Fleet having already reduced Otranto, he had certainly marched to Rome, had not bis Death lliortly after prevented. Bajazet de- He was fuccccded by his eldeft Son Bajazet II , who took L,e- ftats the Ve- panto and T>nrazzo from the Venetians, and defeated them in a "^'i^^oo.'^*"' Sea- Fight before Modon, which Place, with Coron and Navarim^ fell at the fame time into his Hands. His Son, SelimX, having de- feated the Terjiatis, carried his Arms 'vax.o ALgypt , where having Thfj conquer brokc the Powcr of the Mamalukes in feveral Battels , the whole mfod« ani Country lubmltted to his Obedience. His Son and SuccefTor Soly- Tunis.' man, iurnamed the Magnificent, with a great Fleet, and a numer- ous Army, attacked the Ifland and City oi Rhodes, which, after a brave Defence by the Knights oi St. John oi Jerufalem, who then had their Rcfidence there, was furrendered to him, and they re- moved thence to Malta. After which Solyman had Tunis reduced to his Obedience by the Pirate Barbarojfa : and then aflembhng from the Black Sea, and other parts of his Dominions, a Fleet of a hundred and fifty great Gallies, with eighty of a lefTer Rank, and two hundred and fifty other VefTels of divers forts, he ordered an TheTMtk^ra- Attempt to be made on the Ifle oi Corfu, from whence the Turks ■uage many having ravaged the Coafts, and killed and carried ofT great Num- ijiands, jjejg Qf jj^g Inhabitants, again retired , and plundering Zante and and Cerigo, laid waftc the Ifland of Engia ; after which they reduced «?i/>«r/"« tht ^^(^/^^ and Tario, while, in the mean time, other of Solyman's Tieetofthe Squadions fcourcd the Coafts oi Naples, and the Tnfcan Sea, and ^'"^''Z'nd ^^^P^'^^'^^ ^^^ united Fleet of the Emperor, the Pope, and the Vene- Ven'etiaDs. tifins. Receiving into his Proted:ion the Pirates Barbarojfa, Hai- din, Sinan the Je-jj, Gallicola, and others, he ordered them to in- fcft the Spaniards^ then preparing for the Redudlion of Barbary, which Chap. XIV. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 3 09 which they very cfTcdiually performed with a Fleet of fixty Sail ; part of which, however, falling in with Andrew 'Doria^ the Empe- ror's Admiral, were routed, but the Spaniards and Italians being overladen with their Booty, the Turks rallied, and attacking them again, entirely deftroyed their whole Squadron. The Torttiguefi now commanding the Indian Ocean with their Fleers, and inter- rupting the Navigation between ^gypt and India, Solyman order- ed the Bcglerbey of that Province to infeft them by all the means he was able ; to which purpoie he entered into an Alliance with the Cambayaus, and repaired with a great Fleet to their Afliftance in the Siege of 'Din, as we have already fhewn in treating of the Affairs of the Tortuguefe. In the mean time the Turkijh Fleets re- ^^« Turkifh duced Tripoli in Barbary, and the Town oi Africa, with the Ifles xrTpolif &". of Zerbi, and Gozo, and ravaged the Coafts of Sicily, where Gui- merani, the Admiral of that Ifland, was defeated and taken Prilb- ner, with all his Ships, by the Pirate 'Dragnt Raiz. Solyman dying, he was lucceeded by his Son Selim II, who with Selim H- a numerous Fleet and Army took the Ifland Cyprus from the Vetie- '.^'','1 tuSL"^' tiaus, as he did alio Tunis and Algier from the Moors ; but his ani Aigier. grand Fleet received a moft fignal Overthrow from the Venetians '57i- near Lepanto ; which, with the refl: of the moft remarkable Naval Adtions of the Turks to this Time, having been already taken no- tice of among the Affairs of the Venetians, Genoefe, or Spaniards, with whom they happened to be engaged, I Ihall not trouble the Reader with a Repetition of them, but proceed to the Naval Wars, of the French, which are thole the Order I have before obferved next brings mc to. Chap. XIV. Of the Naval Wars of the French. HOW confidcrablc fome of the ancient Inhabitants of Gaul were at Sea, will have been already feen by the Account which hath been given of the People oi Mar fei lies and Vannes, in the firft Book of this Hiftory ; but from the Time that the Franci, or Franks, a People of Germany, croflled the Rhine into Gaul, and fettling there, gave their Name to the whole Country and People, we hear of no Naval Exploits of the French till the Government of Charles Martel; who we find, about the Year 718, made an 718. Expedition againft the People oi Friejlaiid, whom he overcame in a T^*' ^]^l-c Sea Fight, and burnt and laid waftc the Iflands of Amiftrache and hadeisatsea. Aujirache, as they are called by the Writers of thofe Times, which I fuppofe to be the Iflc oi Ameland, and Oojiergoe, a Part of prefent Fricjland. His Grandfon Charlemagne, feeing the great Advantage Charlemagne a Naval Strength would be to the Defence of his Empire, made ie- fefurc! a vcral convenient Harbours in different Parts of tjic Kingdom, and ^^'"/;^ "^^^^ built toitrs. The French teat the Sara 3 1 o Naval TranfacYions fince the Book III. • built a Number of Ships of War, which he put under the Command of the Conftable Buchard; who o^oi Genoa engaged the Saracens, then mightily infcfting Corjica and Sardinia, and entirely routed them, taking thirteen of their Ships, and putting the reft to Flight. "zcni'atVea, And at the lame time, in the Adriatkk, with twenty Ships bor- tindiheL.om- rowed froui the Venetians, Cbarlemaine defeated T)ejiderius King A.D. 807. oi Lombardy, and forced him to quit the Sea: While on the Coafts of the Ocean, ont Rutland bore the chief Naval Command, under whom were maintain'd Icveral Fleets in the Mouths of the Loire, the Seine, the Rhine, and the Elbe, againft the Depredations of the 'Danes and Saxons: On which Coafts were allb dilpofed feveral Bo- dies of Troops for their Defence againfl: thole Barbarians. Charlemngne Charlemagne having tlius provided for the Security of his Em- j]jares theEm- pj^g^ called iu his Sous to be Sharers with him therein, placing seL7 ' " Charles in Germany; appointing 'Pepin King oi Italy to defend his Acquifirions there againfl the Greeks, and the 'Duke oi' Benevento ; and to Leijuis he committed Aquitaine to make head againfl: the Sa- racens of Spain. Tepin, having ended the War with the Duke of Bencvento, turned his Arras againll: Vaiil, who commanded " the Fleet of Nicephorus, Emperor of the Ead, whom he engaged ofF Comacchio, in the Adriatick, and obtained the Vidtory, the Gre- Pe, i.i hea:i ciau Fleet being fo dilabled that it had much ado to make its Retreat the Greeii ^ygj. [q Dalmatia. The Venetians having efpoufed the Part of Nicephorus, he next attacked them, and having defeated their Doge, failed over to Dalmatia, and ravaged the Coafts, whither the fore- mentioned Taul, with the Eaftern Emperor's Fleet, now reinforced, repairing againft him, he returned to Ravenna, with a confiderablc Peril! '^'•" Booty. After which Tepin feized the Port oiBroudolo, with Chi- 'from tit Ve" 0^-^^i Talejlrina, and other Places in the Neighbourhood oi Venice, neiians. and then taking Malamocco it felf, where in thofc times was the Ducal Palace, forced the Doge Obeleriiis to remove to Rialto, where has ever fince been their Refidence. There were three Na- val Commanders appointed by Charlemagne for the Service of his Son 'Pepin, whole Names are recorded in Hiftory; one was Emar- dtis, with the Title of Admiral, who was afterwards flain in a Sea Fight by the Saracens then polTeiTing Corjica ; another \VA%Archam- bot. Chancellor to Charlemagne, who had the Command of the Fleet of Ge7ioa ; and the third was the forementioned Bnchard, who killed five thouiand Saracens in an Engagement olF Sardinia, and expelled all their Garrifons from that Ifiand and Corfica. Tepin was iiiccecdcd in the Kingdom of Italy by his Son Ber- Bernard King nard, in whole time the Saracens again invading Corfica, plundered 'Lm^lull'- ^^^^ I^and, and carried off a great Booty; hnt Ermengarius, who races. was Bernard's Viceroy in Majorca, falling in with the Enemy at Sea, routed them, and took feveral of their Ships, releafing a con- fiderablc Number of Chriftian Slaves that were found therein. The Saracens, neverthelefs, ftill continuing their Depredations, ilirprized The Saracens and plundered Civita Vccchia, and proceeding thence ravaged the Uyu-aftefi- Coz{[s ot' Languedoc, whence they repaired to Sardinia, and laid ■uertl Plates. n. i in j i ?-• • 1 11 1 -i waite that lliand; but hrmengarius happening to be there, while they Chap. XIV. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 3 1 1 The Saracens tlicy carelcdly ftraggled aboiic the CouiiCiy, he cut o(F great Num- bers of them, intcrccp'-ed fbiue of their Ships which he burnt, and forcet] the rcil to retire in Confufion to Africa. 'sTspTblynt. Charlemagne dying, he was luccceded by his Son Levuh^ firna- med the'Fioiis, in whole x.'imc Ai^derames, King of the Saracens in Spain, lent a numerous Fleet, under the Command oi Abnrman, to the Qo^'iks oi Aqnitaine, which he cruelly ravaged from one End r^eSaricens to the other. But we don't meet with any Naval Battel fouglit in ravage the this Prince's Reign, though he is laid to have provided a confide- ^^''^''VAqui- rable Fleet at Boulogne in "Ficardy, and to have had another ftatio- nary one in the Mouth of the Scheldt where he crcd:ed a Light- Houfe for the Benefit of Navigation. Charles II. his SucccfTor, for- Charles II. tified the Mouth of the Seine againft: the Depredations of the Sax- \]ll'^^"J°'' „f ons, and to the iarae Purpolc ci eded fevcral Caftles along the Coails hu daft" on each Side of that River. Charles IV. following the Example of Lcjvis, caufed a Light Houfe to be built at Sluys in Flanders^ c- rcd:ed another at Rochelle, and a third between Bourdeaux and Xatntongc, I iuppoie in the fame Place where now is the Tour de Cordouan. Under LcJL'is II. the Saracens were beaten by the French m an Lewis li. Engagement before Bari^ and again in the Go\f oi' G acta, ibon af- beats the Sz- ter which Calabria came into the Hands of that Prince. But from takers Ci\l- that time we meet with no more Naval Expeditions till Thilip I, in hria. whole Reign the French, out of a Defire to recover the Holy Laud "^^afEx^edhiL from the Infidels (as was the Humour of thole Times) made an Expedi- to Afia, and tion into Afia, Alexius Comnenm being then Emperor of Conjian- '"'1" ft'^'rai tinople. Crofllng the Hellcfpont they entered Bithynia under the a. "d! 1097.. Command of Hugh the Brother of King Fhilip, and proceeding thence, reduced Lycia, T amphylia, Cilicia, Armenia, and Syria, with the Cities of Tripoli, Tortofa and Baruth. After this, a great Fleet letting Sail from Frovence for Conftan- tinople, there took on board King Lewis VII, who had engaged in a like Undertaking, and having landed him in AJia, in order to pro- fecute the War againft the Infidels on Shore, in the Mouth of the Ri- ver Mteander they engaged a Fleet of the Enemy's and defeated The French them. Lewis having performed great Exploits againft them by ^"^ '^^'/'^^^ Land, and received the Palm, as was the Cuftom, in token of the fen/' Expedition's being at an End, he went on board his Fleet at 'Jop- pa, in order to come for Europe, when, in his way, the perfidious Greeks envying his SuccelTcs, tho' againft their own mortal Ene- mies, attacked him with their whole Naval Strength, and had gone ^*' Greeks near to have utterly dcftroyed the whole Fleet, had not the Vice- ^"^'^c/X roy of Sicily timely arrived to their Alfiftance, and forced the Greeks French Fleet. to retire. A.D.1147. After this, Lewis having, neverthelefs, betrothed his Daughter, the Princefs Agnes, to Alexius, the Sou of the Emperor o^ConJian- tinople, llie was arrived there with a very numerous Company of Frenchmen, when Andronicus Ibiziug the Empire, threw Alexius Andronicus into the Sea, and forced all the French, of whom there were Ibme p/ces the thoufands, out of the City. Thcfc, getting together five and twen- conftan'tino- * ty pie. 3*2 NavalTrajifaBwns fincethe Book III. ty Gallics, to revenge this Treatment cruilcd about the Streights of Conjiantinople, the Mcr d'l Marmora^ the TDardanclles, and the Archipelago, and ravaged all the Coafts and Illands with Fire and Sword; agaiufl: whom the Greeks fending out a Fleet of fifty Sail under the Command of "Thilantropenusy they came to an Engage- T^e French rnent in the Golf of y/rw/r^, wherein the French defeated them? aOAeGrceks ^"^ took fevcral of their Ships; and by the Reputation of their Vi- ctory retained Negroponte and Candia in their Obedience. Th'ilip II. now reigning in France, he fent a Fleet to Africa a- gainft Saladiri, Sultan o'i Aigypt, under the Command oi' James dAvefnes, who reduced feveral Places on the Coaft of Barbary. About which time Lewis, the Son of King Thilip, (ailing with another Fleet from Marfeilles, was fliipwrack'd in a Srorm, on the Coafl of Sicily, but at length repairing his Ihatter'd Navy, proceed- ed therewith to Syria, where, in an Engagement off of Tyre, he Ti( French dcftroycd the Fleet of Saladin. After which putting Boniface, Jrsaiadin'r' Marquis of i^/o?/r/^r^^, at the Head of another Expedition, hejoiu'd with the Venetians in aiding Alexins Angclus, Son oi Ifaac Empe- ror of Co?iJiantinople, againft his Uncle Alexius Comnenus, who had treacheroufly ufurped the Empire from his Brother; and the t^c French French and Venetian Fleets attacking Conjlantinople in Conjun- f!f If.w.'' dion, broke the Chain which was laid acrols the Entrance of the Conftantino- Port, for its Security, and there took twenty Gr^a^w Ships ; which P''^- done, they landed their Men, who bearing down all Oppoficion, forced the Tyrant Alexins Comnenus to fly, and fet Alexins An- gelns their Ally on the Throne. But he being foon after depofed in a Tumult, one Mnrznphlns alTumed the Empire, and attacked the French and Venetians, and in order to deftroy them fent out fixteea Firefliips before the Wind againft their Fleet, but they getting out to Sea feparated, and made a PafTage for the Firefliips to lail through them, fo that that Device was render'd incffedtual : And the Confede- rates re-aflcmbling their difperlcd Fleer, attacked Conjiantinoplc, the French by Land, and the Venetians by Sea, who joined the Hulls of two Gallies with a Floor laid acrofs, and thereon eredting Tow- ers higher than the Ramparts of the City, threw in lighted Tor- Cnnftantino- chcs, and Other combuftible Matter, which prelcntly letting that thcY^mch Q.i'arter in Flames, they poured in Showers of Arrows upon the dn,iVened- Soldiers and Citizens that wcnt about to extinguifti the Fire; while *"5- the French in another Place made a Breach in the Walls, and forced their Entrance into the City. Conjlantinople being thus taken, Murznphliis faved himfelf by Flight, and with the univcrfal Con- fent of all Parties (Alexim having been before (lain by the Ulur- A. D. 11C4. per) Baldwin Count o^ Flanders was laluted Emperor, the Mar- quis of Montfcrat being at the lame time made King of Thejfaly, and the Venetians having the Ifland Candia yielded to them. Some time after x.\\\s Lcdvis IX, hiring a Fleet oiGenoefe Ships and Sailors, put an Army oi French Soldiers on board, and embark- ing at MarJeiUcs proceeded to Cyprus, where rcndczvoufing at the fame time William Prince oi Achaia, with the Fleet of the Morea, and Robert Duke of Burgundy, with many Tranfports, having on board IliO. Ch A p. XIV. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 313 board a confidcrabls Number of Horfe, they repaired in Conjundtion to ^gyft, and bcficged '^Dam'iata by Land and Water, which in rh^ French few Days they forced to furrendcr, but foon after they received a ''.'■"^ '^f"- au grcat Overthrow in a Battel on Ihorc, wherein the King himfelfwas m/atT' ^*" taken Priibncr by the Infidels ; who having purchafcd his Ranfom but with a great Sum of Money, and the Reftitution of 'Damiata, em- "^c beaten on barked at j^cre with the Iraall Remains of his Army, and returned ^""''' to France. This ill Succcfs in /4Jia was not iufficient however to deter him from dnocher Expedition againft the Enemies of the Chri- ftian Name; for jbme Years afterwards he entcr'd into another Croi- lade (as they called thcfe Expeditions) and fitting out a confide- rable Fleet, embarked at A'lguefmortes in LaiiguedoCy and let Sail lor Cagliari, the Rendezvous appointed for the Companions of the War, where holding a Council, it was refolved there- in to attempt the City of Tnvis. Setting Sail they foon came Lewis ix. before Cape Carthage^ where they attacked the Cartle that defends ^^^ ^'^^l " the Entrance of the Port of Tunis., which after a long Siege being d,ei of the furrcndered to them, they proceeded to Tunis itfelf, and inverted ^'''i««- that Place, but the Plague reigning in the Camp, King Lewis was feized with that Diflemper and there died. After which the King of Sicily arriving with another Fleer, they brought the Enemy to a Corapofuion, but could not take the Place ; fo that the Confederate Army being confiderably diminilhcd by Sicknels, they broke up, and returned to their refpcdiive Countries. After this France being greatly divided with Civil DifTenfions, France dhi- and alio embroil'd with its Neighbours, kept it fclf fufficicntly em- ^"j h civti ployed at home, and abandoned all Projedls againft Syria^ Mgypt, ^'Jf'"f"'"'- or Barbary. Edjiard I. King of England having fent out fix Sail of Ships for Bourdeaux., as they coafted along Normandy., they were A. d. 1294. attacked and taken by Ibme People of that Province, which he high- ly relenting, ordered his Admiral, Robert Tiptot to fail with a Squa- dron to Normandy, who entering the Seine funk all the Ships he j/,^ p/^,, ^^ found in that River; after which he took feveral Ships laden with Edward i.' Wine that were coming round from the Weftern Coafts of France. ■^'' I'?'''''' Hereupon the French fitted out a Number of Ships under the Com- mand of Charles Count de Valois, who engaging the Englijh re- ceived a total Defeat : But the French foon after repairing their Fleet failed to "Dover, and furprizing that Town, plundered and fee The French it on fire. lu't\hc""yZ'n Some time after this there broke out a more bloody War between Doven'*^ Edward III. King of England, and Thilip VI. ihc Erench King, for no lels Caufe than the Crown of France, which Edward laid Claim to in Right of his Mother the Daughter of Thilip IV, and Sifter of Charles IV, the laft King, who died without Iflue. The Englijh and People of Flanders their AUies, having received a Re- puUe before Lijle, then in the Hands of the French, King Edward was crofling from England to Slnys with a confiderable Fleet, hi- ving a Body of Troops on board for the Profecution of the War, when the French Fleet confining of four hundred Sail, endeavour- ed to intercept him in his PalTage, and prevent his Landing, where- S f upon A. D. 1343. A iloody fight at Sea he- fjxeen the Englidi atid French. The Englidi / ii ■ " Enemy, by which they engaged never in time to come to infcft the Coafts of France or Genoa , to pay ten thoiifand Ducats for the Charge of the War, and fct at hberty all the Chriftian Slaves in their Power. Under Charles VII, the next fucceeding Prince, John le Bourjier is laid to have defeated the Englijh in an Engagement be- rhe EnghiL fore the Town oi Blaye, upon the Garonne, wherein he lunk five '^^fi"-'^^ "' large Ships o'( Bourdeaux which came to their Afilftance, and be- a^^'d, 1450. fieging Blaye by Land and Water, at length forced it to furrcnder. During the long Reign oi Lewis XI. fh^re happened nothing re- markable at Sea; but his Succeflbr CharlesNlW, carrying his Arms into Italy, in order to reduce the Kingdom oi Naples, a Naval Force was found very neccnary for the Furtherance of that Dcfign , and accordingly a Fleet was fitted out under the Command of the Duke of Orleans, who in a Sea Fight, off of Torto Venere, on the Coafl; oi Genoa, worfted the Enemy's Gallies commanded by Frederick, r/?? French fiiothcr of Alphonfus King of Naples and Sicily, and keep- ^'^" "y"- ing in awe all the Coafts of Italy from Genoa to Naples, flruck Naples!'^' Inch a Terror into Alphonfiis himfelf, that he fled into Sicily, and left rhe Defence of his Realm of Naples to his Son. Soon after which that Kingdom wholly fubmitting itfelf to the French, the Re- Naples fai- putation of their Arms was fo great, that the Inhabitants of the Mo- -^l'^ 1" rea, and the reft oi Greece , only waited the Appearance of their Fleet on their Coaft, to revolt and throw off the Turki/h Yoak ; but rhe Profecutiou of thelc Matters was hindered by the Intrigues of cbe Venetians, who grew jealous of the Encreafe of the French Power, and had rather have the Turk their Neighbour on one fide, than the Moft Chriftian King on both. Under Lewis XII. one '^Pregent was put at the Head of a Fleet in the Mediterranean, with the Title of Vice-Admiral of the Le- vant, with which encountering a Venetian Squadron off of Genoa, he Ibnk fifteen of their Gallies, and forced the reft to retire. After The French this he was ordered to condudt his Gallies round into the Ocean, to '""'. '^«Ve- tkfend the Coafts of Bretagne and Normandy againft the Englijh; "^"^"^'*'^'"»- and falling in o^ Conqnet with their Fleet, under the Command of Sir Edward Howard, they both came to an Engagement, wherein that Admiral lofing his Life in the firft Charge, the Englijh thought rhe Engiidi fit to retire to their own Coafts. ^}'^' •■^'"^ Francis I. next fiiccecded to the Crown, in whole time Andrew French ' *Doria of Genoa was appointed General of the French Gallies, with which he reduced Salerno, and other Places on the Coaft of Na- ^^« French pies, while Thiltp> T>oria, his Nephew, ravaged the Ifland of Sar- li^^iS^'- dmia, and engaging the Emperor's Fleet in the Gulph of Naples, ces, entirely deftroyed it. Bur fome of the great Men at Court en- ^- ^- 'j^^ vying the Favour and Protcdion the Genoefe enjoyed, and their dejiro"" th$ great Succeffcs, put fbme Indignities upon IDoria, whereupon he Emperor's quitted the French Service, and entering into that of the Spaniards, ^'"'• under Charles V, carried over with him to that fide the good For- tune which had hitherto attended the French in this War, and there- The French upon enltied their utter Expulfion out of the Kingdom of Naples, ^''^''" Z"^"" and Repiibhek of Genoa. Fie was (uccecdcd in the Command of Genoa."" Six the B i ^ Nacal Tranfachons fince the Book III. the French Gallies by AntbGuy de la Rochefoucauld, and he by Francis o'i Bourbon., Count: oi Angiiien, who, Claude d' Annebatilt being then Admiral oi France and beficging Boulogne, lent round from Mnrfiilles to his Afliftancc a Squadron of GalHes under the Command of F'auitn, Baron dc la Garde. He joining the k6.m\- X2\.o^ Boulogne, they repaired in conjundlion to the Coafts of Eng- land, where, arriving at St. Helens, they had a flight Skirmilh with the Englijh Fleet, which came out oi'Fortfmouth to engage them, The French and thcu landing in the Ifle of Wight, they plundered lome Villa- landintheijie ggg^ ^^^^ retrcatcd, though they had once a Defign of ercdling Forts A. d!^-44. "^here, and maintaining the Illand, which had they done, (lay the FrenchJ they had foon forced us to abandon Boulogne, (lately ta- ken by Henry VIII ) and cut off our Navigation to France and Spain: ViWt Annebanlt, with his fifty Men of War, fixty Ships of Burthen, and fifteen Gallies, being content to have only alarmed the Coafts, returned inglorioufly home. About this time was built by the French King's Direction, at Havre de Grace, a Ship of War of a very confiderable Burthen, the largeft France had ever been Miftrefs of before: And at Vannes , in Bretagne., were or- ; dcred to be fet up a Number of large Galleons. Annebanlt w-as fucceedcd by Gajpard de Coligny, as Admiral of France, and feveral Years after, the forefaid Baron de la Garde was made General of the Gallies, but the Civil Wars now reigning in France, for a confiderable time , there happened little or nothing memorable at Sea, in regard they were fo warmly engaged by Land. However, the Proteftants, having got Icveral ftrong Towns into their Pofleffion, and greatly cncreafed their Power, at length began to rake to the Sea ; and having aflembled a Squadron of nine Ships of A. D. 1 3-69. War in the Port of Rcchelle, under the Command of Monfieur de la Tour, they added feveral other fmall VefTels to them, which cruifing in the Bay oiBiJcay, intercepted all the Ships they met with, whether iht Prote- French or Spanijh, forcing the Men they found on board to take on in jUnts of jj^j^jj. Service. F)e la Tour being killed in the Battel oi Baff'ac, thePro- jlverai ' teftant Navy was committed to Monfieur Sora, who at Talma, H'^'ph one of the Canary Iflands, funk the greateft Part of the Brafil Fleet, r • ""t *. , under the Command of Lewis the Governor of that Colony. The flfJK '^T^dt pat"* J »/■ /jbe Braiii forcmcutioned Gafpard de Coligny being barbaroufly murder'd in a'^h -. ^'^^'^ Maflacre of Paris, was iiicceeded as Admiral of France by ''''"■ Honorat de Savoye, who deputed the Sieur de Lonfac to command the Fleet. Againft him the Rochellers lent out a Squadron of twelve Sail, commanded by Monfieur de Claremont, but moft of ihe ships of thofe Ships being caft away, or taken by the Enemy, the Duke of theProtejhnis j^^yenne, who commanded the King's Land Army, recovered the or . j^^ oi Olcron, and Town of Brouage from the Proteftants. Whilft Andrew de Brancas and Charles de Montmoreticy were fuccefllvely Admir Is of France under Henry IV, the French plant- The French cd their Colouy of Canada, or New France, which they difcover- fia.^t their ^j ^^^ j^ ^^^ Reign of Francis I, under the Condud o. John Ve- Canada. rczauo , ^Florentine , commiffion'd by that Prince. But in the mean time new Troubles beginning in France, the Sieurs Blanquet, Gaillard, Chap. XIV. Riwi of the Rom. Eviph -e. 317 Gaillard, Trelebois^ and ToNtcnille, Gentlemen of the Proteftant a. d. iCn. Party, purring to Sea with a Squadron, greatlv infcfled the Mouth of the Gxronni'^ where taking their Station o{f Roj^'/, they cruiled on their Enemies, and took icveral Prizes. There being a Fleer of a hundred and fifty Merchant Ships ready to fail from Bcurdeauxy the SieuT de Barrau/t, Vice- Admiral of G/zicwA/^, was ordered with nine Men of War to convoy them out to Sea, upon whole Approach Blanquet^ with his Party, retired to a Place of Security ; but iJe BarrauU in his return falling in with them, they came to an En- gagement, wherein Blanquet received a total Defeat, loft all his r/?^ French Ships, and himlell-^ with Gatllard^ were taken Priloners, the reft ^''""/'""^ flinging themfelvcs into the Sea, and eibaping to Land. Mean ^^'^'^^ '"' while, in the Mediterranean, the Pirates of Barhary icou'-ing the Coafts of 'Trovence, Monficur dc Beaul'teu was lent out againft rhem with a Fleet of fifty Sail of Ships and Gallics, who, off St. Tropez, UeVrmch go took one of their VcfTcls, and goina out to Sea in qucft of their "i'^'^fi '''''''- ■ r- u /- 1 ■ r'l • 1 1 1 r. 1 '■•'"« 0/ Bar- mam rorce, met another or their Ships, commanded by a Rencgido bary. oi Rochelle^ who having obftinately defended himfJf tor fome nme, at length in defpair funk his Ship, and was drowned with his whole Company. Another Renegado oi Aries he forced to make his E- fcape on Shore ; and having lunk a fourth of their Ships, not be- ing able to come up with the reft, he returned to Marjeilles. All things were now rending in France to a fierce Civil War, and the Duke oi Efpernovy with an Army, blocked up the Avenues to Rochelle on the Land fide ; but the Sea remaining open to the Be- fieged, they fent out a Squadron of fix Ships, and one Gaily, befides \ ieveral fmall VefTels, againft Monfieur Chalard, Admiral of Gu'tenne^ whom they engaged in the Port o^ Brouage, and after an obfiinate and ^^'Ff^nch bloody Difpute, wherein many Men were flain on both fides, they ^'i^i'iheKo- leparated, and left the Victory uncertain ; but loon after a Squadron cheiicrs en- of the King's, under the Sieurs de St. Luc and Razilly, defeated ^"^'^ thirty Ships of the RocheUcrs near the Ifle of Re ; while, in the The Rochd- mean time, the Duke of Soiib'tzcy at the Head of the Rochellers ^"^ 't'fiated Forces, took Royan upon the Garonne, ravaged the Iflands of Ole- lakilomt'pU- ron and Argentan, landed in Medoc, and laid wafte the Country ; «j. whence retreating, he penetrated into Xaintonge ■, and thence re- tiring to the Ifiauds of Rie and Mont., fituate amongft Marihes and Canals on the Coaft of Lower 'Poidtou, there fortified himfelf, and became lb formidable, that the King himicif marched in Perlbn a- -^^^ French gainft him ; upon whole Approach, and Preparations to attack him, ^!un/The' he thought fit to retire, and got lafe into Rochelle \ but fifteen of D«*i »/ Sou- his Ships which were left afliore at low Water fell into the King's \„j^ Hands with the People on board, who were all condemn'd to the uhes fiverai Gallies. Upon this Succefs the French King ordered Rochelle to be "/*" ^'"P'- again invefted, the Blockade whereof had been for fome time dilcon- Rochelle i»- tinued, and to cut off* its Communication with the Sea, dired;ed the "^ifji^lf'" Duke of Gui/e to come before it with forty Men of War, and twelve Gallies, who accordingly putting to Sea, made the beft of his way for that Place. The Rochellers, with their Fleet, lay ready at the FoJ/e de I'Oye, in the Ifle oi Re, to give the King's Ships Battel, and 4 3 1 8 Naval TraiifaBions Jince the Book III. ^m^m^m^^amm A. D. i6ii. and on their Approach bravely engaged them, and fought with fuch Refblution, that they held the Victory Jong doubtful, but were at rhe Rochei- length forced to yield to iuperior Numbers, and retire with the Lofs l"LTr 7eT of ^^^ ^h*P^' *°^ ^^^^^^ hundred Men. Soon after this enfued a Peace between the contending Parties, but it proved but of fliort Duration, and the Duke of Soubize put- ting to Sea from Rochelky repaired to Blavet, or Port St. Louis, i6ij. in Bretagne, and feizing the Ships the Duke of Gutfe had laid up there, made himfelf alio Matter of the Town ; but failing in his Enterprize on the Citadel, and the Duke of Vendofme^ Governor of the Province, marching towards that Place, he quitted it, and retir- ing to his Ships, proceeded thence to the Tdis de Medoc, on the Coaft of Guienue, where he poffefled himfelf of ChaftiUon^ and o- thcr Places on the Garonne. Being at length obliged to quit thofe Souhize/om- Parts, he retreated to the Iflc oi Re, and there fortified hitnfdf. To fhe 'iju^of^Kl diflodge him from thence, the French Fleet was fitted out, undei the Command of the Duke of Montmorency, Admiral of France, and an auxiliary Fleet was procured from Holland, under the Com- mand of the Sieur Halftein, and fbme Ships from England, which being all joined, amounted to fifty Sail ; but the Duke of Soubize, at the Head of nine and thirty Ships, found means to burn the T)Htch Vice- Admiral. Upon the Arrival of the French Admiral oa board the Fleet, a Body of Troops was landed on the Ifland, where they met with a very warm Reception from the Rochellers, who, however, after the Lois of a confiderable Nijmbcr of Men, were worfted, and the Duke of Soubize made his Efcape to the Ifle of Oleron, whither he was followed by the Remains of his Fleet, which having been engaged at the lame time, was lefTened by nine Ships, and two which were ftranded, whereof one was with great difficul- ty taken by the Enemy, and the other blew up, and deftroyed four of the King's Ships. Soon after this the Sollicitations of the Proteftants with the £«^- lijh Court, added to the Mifunderftandings then ariien between them V''y'*\ "^ and France, procured to be feut to the Aid of theRochellers a Fleet and /««» /TfJ^e Army under the Condudl of the Duke oi Buckingham, of which un- o/Re. fuccefsful Expedition intending to give an ample Account among our own Affairs, I ihall not anticipate the Reader in this Place, more than to tell him, that our Defeat there was followed not long The pritejiant after by the Surrender oi Rochelle, and the Ruin of the Proteftan? in'¥tin7t7y Arms in France. For, as their principal Strength confided in that the taUmg of Towu, it being of the utmoft Importance to the French King to re- Rocheile. jj^-e it, he left no Stone unturned for the comparing that End, and carried on the Siege in the mod vigorous manner againft it : But the Cardinal de Richelieu, then his chief Minifter, confidering that all Efforts by Land were in vain, fo long as the Befieged kept opea their Communication with the Sea, bent his whole Thoughts to block them up alio that way. To this purpofe he firft employ- ed a celebrated Engineer to lay a ftrong Barricade of Marts, and o- ther Pieces of Timber chained together, acrois the Entrance of the Harbour ; but the firjft heavy Sea whicji came in carrying all that » away. Chap. XI V. Kuin oftheRom Empire. 3 1 ^ away, hfe began a Caufvvay of large fquarc Stones from each fide of the Harbour, which he at length happily perfcded, leaving a Space in the middle for the PalTagc of the Tide, where, to prevent any Succours from going in that way to the Relief of the Town, he filled up icvcral Vcffcls with Malbn's Work , and limk them in that Sp?ce, which was befidcs defended by a Barricade of forty Ships linked together, and three Squadrons, one between the Caufway and the Town, and two without it, which had on board ieveral Regi- ments ; lb that the' the Rehcf of the Place w^as thrice attempted by the Engl'ijh.) there was no effc<5ting it, and Famine beginning to rage among the IkTieged, they were compelled to lurrender. Some time after this the Office of Admiral of France was fup- preflfed, in favour of Cardinal Richelieu^ who had the Charge of that Employment given him, with the Title of Great Maftcr, Chief, and card\naiK\- Supcrintendant General of the Navigation and Commerce of France. '^^^■!f^f"f''^^ Which Minider, after the Rcdudlion of Rocheilc, kept three Fleets vaijjfain' conllantly at Sea, one for the Security of all the Coafts of France iu general which lie on the Ocean, a fecond to defend the Courts of Langitedoc and Vrovcnce on the Mediterranean, and a third upon thcCoafts oiGu'tenne and Gafcogne^ to accompany to Sea, and give Convoy to the Fleets bound to Canada. Some time after this, in the Year 1636, the Spaniflo Fleet, con- ,(5,.- fifting of five lari^e Ships of War, twenty two Gallies, and eighteen imall Veficls, under the Command of the Duke of Fcrrandina, and the Marquis of Santa Cruz., repairing to the Coafts of Troverice, landed fome Troops in the Iflands of St. Marguerite and St.Hofib- rat, who prelently becoming Matters of the Forts built for their Defence, maintained themlelves there till the enfuing Spring ; when the Cardinal ient round from Roche lie., to join the Count de Tout- coitT'lay., General of the Gallics in the Mediterranean, a Fleet of for- ty two Sail, under the Command of the Count d'Harcourt, anifl- ■ed by the Archbifliop c{ Bourdeanx , as Prefident of the Council for Sea Affairs, who accordingly repairing to the Coaft oiTro- ve7ice, the Ships and Gallics proceeded thence in conjunilion againfl: the Enemy. The Spaniards had by this time encreafcd their Fleet with the whole Strength of Sicily, Naples, and Ttifcany, with which the French falling in oK oi Monaco, there enfued a Iharp Engage- ment between them, wherein the Spaniards were at length forced X/^e Spaniards to give way, and retired under Covert of the Night ; when the p""", ^^ '''^ Count d'Harcourt not thiiifking fit to chacc them far, repaired to Sardinia, to annoy the Enemy in that Ifland, and landing there, ravaged the Counftry, and made himlcif Maftor %i0rijtagin. This The French done, he returned to the Coafls oiTrovcnce, and attacking the '■^■^''^^^*'^'^'" Spmiards in the Iflands of St. Marguerite and St. Honorat, pre- "' ' '^** Icntly recovered thole Places out of their Hands, and leaving fiiffi- cient Gan'ilbns in them, repaired to thellles oi Hycres to clean and refit. After which the Count d'Harcourt remaining with the Ships upon the Coafts, the Coimt de 'Pontcourlay went out to Sea with the GalHcs, where, upon receiving Intelligence of a confidcrablc Number of Tranfpotts bound from S}>ain to Itoily with Recruits for the 320 Naval TranfaEl'tons fmce the Book III. Tht Fi-e.ich ithhs in Sight of Genoa. T^eFrenrho- "vercome the Sicijj.ins. Tie French i!o confiiierahU Damage to the Spaniards, Z';«; are forced to retire. 1640. The French beat and dif- alile the Spa- niih Fleet. 1641. The Spaniards beaten l/y the French off of Barcelona. the Enemy's Forces in that Country, he lay in wait to intercept them, and, within Sight of Genoa, came to an Engagement with their Convoy, wherein, alter a long and obftinate Dilpure, he ut- terly difablcd the Admiral 0^ Sicily, l Dutch agawit the Scene was greatly changed, and the trench Kmg lent the Count England. ^i'^J/Zr^^fj, Vice- Admiral oi France ^ with eight and forty Men of War, manned with eleven thouland Men, and mounted with nine- teen hundred and twenty Guns, to join the Engiijh Fleet under the ^':" French Dulce of Tork ; in conjundtion with whom they engaged the T>utch ^\-^{\, 'Jl,^ft^' ac SoL'bay, but, in the Heat of the Engagement, quitted the Line of the Dutch, Battel, and left the Duke cxpofcd to the l^utch, tho' not without ^"^ the Lofs of two of their l>efl: Ships, one of eighty Guns, which was '^aftd. burnt, and the other of rcvcnty, which was liink. However the French Fleet, under the lame Admiral, bore a part in the next Na- val Engagement, which happcn'd in 1673, between x.ht Englijh un- 1673. der Prince Rupert^ and the 'Dutch under ^De Ruyter, as alio in the ^^-l^l^l^^ . other enfuing Actions which happcn'd the fame Year, as will be ufh agam. more particularly related in the Account of our own Naval Tranf- a<3:ions. In 1676, the Dutch lending a Squadron under the Com- ^^^^• mand of De Rujter, to the Affiftancc of the Spaniards in the Me- diterranean, the French Fleet under Monfieur du ^lefne. Lieute- nant General of the Naval Armies oi France ^ had two Engage- r^e French ments with the Dutch Admirals on the Coaft oi Sicily, wherein Dut^h'/t^A* neither fide could well claim the Viftory ; but in the laft of them Mediterra- *DeRuyter received thofe Wounds of which he died in few Days. "^an. Some time after this the Corfairs of Tripoli interrupting theTrade 1681. of the French in the Mediterranean, Monfieur du ^lejne was fent oat with a Fleet againfl: them, who having Intelligence that eight of their Cruilers were in the Port ofScio, in the y^rchipelago, where they hoped to be lecurc under the Protcdion of the Grand Signior, du ^ue/ne neverthelels attacked them, and dellroyed them all in 9'i ^"''^?^ that Port : Whereupon the Government of Tripoli were glad to ac- ship7ofTti- cept of a Peace, which Du ^le/ne Ihortly after agreed upon with poh at Scio. rhcm. The next Year, upon account of the like Piratical Depre- "58i. dations committed by thole of Algiery 'Du ^lefne went before that Place, and threw in liich a Number of Bombs as ruined raoft part rA« French of the Town; and the following Year renewed the Bombardment, J^"'^ which brought the Algerines alfo to his Terms. 1683. In 1684 happened the Bombardment of Genoa ^ by the French 1684. Fleet, under the Diredtions of the Marquis de Seignelay, of which we have already given Account among the Affairs of that Re- publick : And next Year , upon new Differences with the Go- vernment of Tripoli y the Marihal d' EJlr^es repaired before 1685. that Place, and threw in eleven hundred Bombs, which forced ,^^^''5 J^P°' that People again to accept of a Peace, whereby they gave up all forced to * the French Slaves they h^, and engaged to pay five hundred thou- ^""^' T t fand 32 2 Naval TranfaBions fitice the Book HI. 1687. The Algerines -vorfled ty (he French. 1688. The French take two Dutch Shii>s in the Medi- terranean. France de- clares War a- gainfl Eng- land. fand Crowns for the Prizes they had taken. In 1687 x\-\c Algerines having broken their lare Peace, the French Ships cruifed againft them, and, near Cent a, after a fharp Difpute, funk their Vice Ad- miral, having killed thirty of the Men on board, and taken ninety Priibuers : And in the Clofc of the fame Year the Marquis d'Am- freville, commanding a French Squadron, ran one of their Ships of thirty fix Guns afliore in Sardinia, and took mofl: of her Com- pany Prifbners. Soon after this happened the Revolution in England, which, for the part the ''Dutch had in it, bringing on the French King's De- claration of War againfl Holland in 1688, before the Clofe of that Year, two of his Ships of War in the Mediterranean, after an obftinate Fight, took two 'Dutch Ships coming from Meffina to Leghorn, the one a Man of War, and the other a Turkey Merchant Ship of a very confiderable Value. Shortly after which he declaring War alio againft England, the Naval Adions of the French fince that time have been chiefly with our own Countrymen in the two ]aft Wars, and are at large accounted for in the fourth and fifth Books of this Hiftory. Chap. XV. Of the Naval Wars of the Englifli, from the firji known Times of Britain, to the Norman Conqueji. A' F T E R having thus taken a View of the Naval Tranfadions of the reft of the World , 'tis time we now come to thofe of our own Nation, which appeared very early at Sea, and has been one of the moft fruitful in Naval Events. Altho', in my Opiiiion, all particular Accounts of Britain, and its Affairs, before the Time oijulim Cafar, are defervedly explo- ded as fabulous, yet (as Mr. Selden has ingenioufly obfetved) from the Memoirs that great Man has left us of his Wars in Gaul, it may be very fairly concluded that the Britains were, long before ohfervationi Cafar's Time, Mafters of a confiderable Sea Force : For upon oc- "^avaiToru cafiou of that fliarp Naval War, (taken Notice of in the firft Book cf the Bii- of this Hiftory) which ihcVeneti, or People oi Vannes, waged a- gainft him, he obfcrves that they not only received Aid therein frota Britain, but alio (fpeaking of the great Power of thofe People a- bovc the reft of the Gauls in thofe Parts) lays they were Mafters of great Numbers of Ships, with which they ufed to navigate to that Ifland. And fpeaking in another Place of his Motives for making an Expedition to Britain, and the Steps he took preparatory there- to, to gain proper Intelligences of the Country, he lays he was at a great Lofs in his Enquiries therein of the Gauls, becaufe the Bri- tains permitted none but Merchants to vifit their Country, and they only 4 tains. Chap. XV. Ricin of the Rom. Empire, 323 only thole Parts of their Coafts which lay over againfl: Gatil. This being lb, as Mr. Selden argues, it is not to bo doubted but that, belidcs the Boats made of Wicker and Hides, elfevvherc taken notice of by Cafar, the Britains had alfo a potent Navy which might, at plcalure, if they fb thought fit, diflodgc from their Ccafts thole Ships of x.\\Q. Venett bcforemeutioned , though fo well equipped as Cafar has defcribed them. How otherwile could it be (fays Mr. Selden) that the Britains fiiouid have it iu their Power to ad- mit none but Merchants, or whom they plealed, to their Coafts ? Befidcs, after the Defeat the Veneti had received from Brutus, and that Cafar, in punilhment of their Revolt, had put to Death their whole Senate, (in which were included all the People of any Rank or Confideration among them, lb that their Merchants were conle- quently of the Number) though there were Multitudes of that Peo- ple dill remaining, who were made Slaves, yet was there not one ro be found among them who was acquainted with any Porr ofBri- taifi^ as is plain from the lame defar ; but how that could pofli- bly be true, (continues Mr. Selden) can by no means be compre- hended, if the Naval Power of the Veneti, which uled to fail thi- ther, was more confiderable than that of the Britains, nor unlels the Britijh Sea Force was greatly fuperior to that of the Veneti. Nor need it appear ftrange , that in Cafar's Expedition to Britain, fbon after the Redudtion of that People, there were no Ships found on our Coafts to oppole him , or that the Roman Writers make mention of no other than VelTcls made of Wicker ; for the Veneti^ in their Naval Battel with Brutus, had affembled together all the 'Ships which could any where be found amongft themlelves, or their Allies. Now if the Britijh Fleet which was lent for to their Aid was amongft that Number, (as certainly it was) it was all loft be- fore the Arrival of C'idius^ Verauius, Taul'tnus, and others, who fought Icvcral Battels wich zhc Brita'ms with various Succefs. Julius Agri- At length, in the Reign of Vefpafian, Julius Agricola, a Perfon co\\ (ctnes a of great Skill and Experience, as well in Civil as Military Affairs, ^T'eTT'?'" ^^'^^ ^^"'^ '■° g°^'^'" ^^^ Province, who arriving in Britain about the end of Suram.er, (a Time when other Generals begin to look out for Winter Quarters) immediately proceeding with his Troops » Anglefey. towards the Ilk of ■' Alona, feparated from the main Land by an Arm of the Sea, at once marched them through the Shallows, and nereducesthe penetrated into the llLmd ; which the Inhabitants looking upon as ifieof Angle- ^ j^j^^j of Miracle, were prelently terrified into Obedience, as think- *^' ing it vain to refift him to whom the Sea itielf icemed to give way, and afford a fafe Paflage through its Waves. The Redudlion of this Imall Ifland was looked upon to be of liich Importance, that Agri- cola is prailed for his great Moderation, in not adorning with Lau- rel his Letters to the Senate, giving an Account of his Succefs ; for lb did their Generals Letters ufe to be decked which brought Ad- vice of any extraordinary Advantage. The Remans were however yet unacquainted with the more Northern parts o( Britain, and^- Agricob (/;/- gyi^Qi^i being very defnous to know its utmoft Boundaries, and .whe- \7bea>i-i(iand. thct it wcrc an ifl.uid, or joined to the Continent, he aflembled a Fleet at the Ifle of Alona, which he ordered to coaft along to the Northward, but conftantly to keep fo near the Land, as that every Night it might be in fight of the Body of Troops which marched along the Coails on the fame Defign. Purluing this Route, the Fleet and Army in a Ihort time came to the Gulph of Glota, (now the Firth of Cl)d) whQxcAgricola being arrived, and underftanding that oppo- fite thereunto, on the Eaftern fide of the Ifland, there was another great Inlet of the Sea, called Bodotria, {x\o\< the Firth of Forth) he fortified the Space between with Caftles and Garrifbns. After which having feveral bloody Engagements with the Inhabitants of thole Parts, wherein they were at length totally defeated, he became abfolute Mafter of all the Country on this fide of the Firths, and, by his Fortifications between them, Ihut the Natives out, as it were, into another Ifland ; and now relblving entirely to fatisfy his Cu- riofity, as to the Extent of the Country, and to penetrate to the ut- terraofl Ends of the Earth, (as the Ancients luppoled the extreme Parts oi Britain muft be) he again fent out the Fleet, which pro- ceeding Northward from the Firth of Clyd^ went about the Orkneys., bRichborow ^^^^ commg round thence to the ^ 'Tortus Trntidlev^s, Irom whence wich. * ^^ fii'^^ departed, diicovercd to the Romans ihit Britain was an Ifland. y^gricola's Rcdudion, and Settlement of lb much of this Ifland in a 5 peaceable Ch a p. XV. Ruin of the Rom. Empre. 325 peaceable Submiffion to the Roman Name , was eftecmcd fb confi- derable an Atchicvcmeiit, that it drew upon him the Hatred of the Emperor 'Doinitiafi^ (a Prince with whom great Virtues were more punilliable than open Crimes) who^ under pretence of doing him farther Honour, by conferring upon him the iVoconiuHhip oi AJia^ Domitian/.o;- recallcd him x.o Rome^ and there took him otf by Poiion. /"w^ Agticola. Under Icveral fucceeding Emperors we meet but with hrrle men- tion o'i Britain, and of its Naval Affiirs nothing, lave that in the Reign oi Antoninus Tius^ it appears, from the •Z)/^^r/?, that one Seius Saturninus was Commander in Chiet ot the Roman Fleet here. VnAcx 'Diode fian, Caraujins, a Native oi Gallia Belgica, A. D. i8j. was pofTelTed of that Command, who became fo confiderable, that ^^^"ri/-;/- he let himielf up for Emperor, and being ablolutc Mailer of Bri- Majier of Qri- tain, maintained his Authority there for lev.r.il Years, as we have "'"• already ihewn among the Roman Affaiis, where his Naval Exploits are particularly related. In the Time of the Emperor Gratian, Theodojiiis (whom he af- terwards afllimed into a Partnerlhip of rhe Empire) performed feveral great Atchievcments in Britain againft the '/7^j and "^heodofius Scots, who ravaged the Inland Provinces ot the Ifiand, u'hiie the un^/'J^/,^"''" Saxons, with frequent Defcents, harraffed the Sourheru Coafts. The former he forced to retire to their native Mcuntains in the North, and the Saxons he overthrew in fever:d Engagements at Sea. That People were now, and had been ioi ioaie tune very confi- derable on float, and remarkable for their Bobberies and Cruelties exercifed upon all their Neighbours, borh by Sea and Land. Yet before another Century came about, near the time when Attila King of the Huns penetrated with his Barbarians into Italy, the Britains, harraffed by the frequent Inroads of the ^i^ls, and de- Icrted by the Romans, (who had now enough to do to defend them- The Saxons felves) invited thele Saxons over to their AfTiftauce : A Imall Num- '"vindto^n- bcr of whom, under rhe Condnd: of Hengijl and Horfa, two Bro- '''^" £, thers, arriving in Britain, render'd confiderable Service againfl: the 'PiBs, and had the Ifle ofThanet, where they firft landed, a/figncd them as a Reward, and Place of Habitation. The Richneis and Fertility of the Country was To agreeable to chcfe Saxons, that they foon invited more of their Nation to fharc in their good Succeis, and were at length followed by luch Drr-ves of them, that, turning their Arms agaiiift their Entertainers, they defeated them in feveral Battels, and at Icngrh driving them out of the beft part ot the iHand ^^' Saxons into that mountainous; Country now called Wales, poficb'd ihem- *"'Jl"jt'^ff felves of all that part oi Britain, which from i\\<: Angles, one of 0/ amain. the mod confiderable of the Saxon Tribes, has derived the Name of England which it now bears. Therein having by degrees ellabliflied feven Kingdoms, they were at length all united into one Monarchy in the Perlon of Egbert. That Prince began his Reign over the Weft-Saxons, in the Year 800, at which time the Thanes, brought down by the jufl: Dilpen- ^°°- fations of Heaven, to retaliate, in great part, upon the Saxons what J^^ ^^Bri- they had caufed the Britains to liiffer, made their firfl: Expedition tun. to tain. 3 2 (^ Naval Tratifaclions fince the Book II I. to this Ifland. Twice in this Year they landed in different Parts of the Kingdom, one Body of them in the Ifle of Tortland^ and ano- ther in the Mouth of the Humber^ where plundering the adjacent Country, they got together fome Booty ; but behaving theml'elves more hke Piratical Robbers than a declared Enemy, they were loon forced to their Ships, and carried off" httle with them at that time but a flight Knowledge of the Country. But the next Year landing in Lmdisfarne, or Holy IJland, they there gave the Saxons a great Overthrow, when imbarking aboard their Ships, they failed round to the Coaft oi fValcs, where the Britains (or IVelch,zs i\\c Saxons called them) entring into Confederacy with them, they jointly pro- ligherKbeats ccedcd againft Y\.mg Egbert, and gave him Battel, but received a to- ^and the^^ ^^^ Defeat. Neverthelefs the following Year, with a confiderablc Welch. Reinforcement of Shipping, they entcr'd the Thames Mouth, and xAeDanes^ feized the Ifle of Shepey, from whence they made Excurfions Thames, a»(i throughout thc whole County oi Kent, and even to the very Gates harrafsQxi- Q^ LoudoH, but wctc at length diflodged from thence by King Eg- bert, and forced to retire. However it was not long e'er they re- turned again, and their Attempts upon one Part or other of the Coaft were fo numerous, that there would be no End fliould we re- count them all, there being hardly a Port in England, which more or hk of them had not vifited. ^3^- About the Year 838, (Ethelwolf\\\t Son oi Egbert then reign- ing) they failed up the Thames with a Fleet of three hundred and fifty Veffels, and burning all the Towns they came by, landed their Men, and marching up into the Country laid it wafte with Fire and the Danes do Sword ; but Ethelwolf at length giving them a great Overthrow, ^chkf, but are ^^^^ retired to their Ships, and returned home, not without Defiga forced tort- of comiug back with a more confiderablc Force. This they ac- ^'^'"'^66 cordingly did in 866, arriving on the Eaftern Coafts with a numerous Fleet under the Condud oiHiuguar and Hiibba, two Brothers; and were followed fhortly after by a Force no lels confiderable, under 1om?ag^^n to ^^fi^^ ^0^ Halfden, who landed in the Weft. Thele joining their England. Forccs, and aiming at no lels than the Reduction of the whole Kingdom, marched againft KiugEthelred, then reigning, with whom they fought feveral Battels with various Succels, in one of which Etheired that Prince, with Halfden, one of the T>anijh Leaders, loft their fi"'"- Lives. Etheired was fucceeded by his younger Brother Alfred, who wifely refleding that his Predeceflbrs Neglcdt of their Njval Affairs for lome time paft had expofed the Country to the Attempts of the ^'fDaneTi; ®'^»^-^' ^"6^ out a' Fleet, and obtained levcral fignal Advantages Sea. over the Enemy, which, with the Lofs of a hundred and twenty of their Ships, partly by Storm, and partly deftroyed by the Englijhy on the Coafts of ^evonjhire, reprcffed their Infblencies for fome time. But at length thofe of them who were Icttled in Northum- berlandy and among the Eaft Angles, equipping a Number of Gal- lies, lent them round into the Chanel, to cruile on the Coalb of the Weft Saxons. Whereupon King Alfred built a Number of Gal- lies, twice as long as thofe ufuai in thele times, Ibme whereof had s fixty Chap. XV. Riihi of the Rom. Empire. 327 fixcy Oars, and lb me more, and wcreof a pcculiuBuilt, of the King's own Invention, being both higher, Iwiftcr, and Headier, fays my Au- thor, than thole ot cither the 'Danes or Frifins. Theie meeting \\ irh the Enemy off the Ifle ot Wight ^ a Iharp Engagement enfued betwixt them, wherein at length, not wichout a confiderable Lofs 7-/,£ Danidi on the Eiiglijh Side, the 'Danes'wcxQ defeated, all their Ships being ^'^^ o-"ir- either taken or lunk, and the Men that clcaped the Slaughter were ^l'"j\^^ ''" taken Prilbners, and executed by the Englljh as Pirates. In this Prince's Time alio Rollo the Norman coming with a numerous Fleer j^^jj^ ^^^ from the North, landed on the Englijh Coafts, but met with fo Norman warm a Reception, that he thought fit immediately to retire to his ^^"'i' '" ^"S- Ships, and go to leek Adventures in other Parts. forced back. Ed-jvard and Athcljian, who next iucceeded in Order, had fe- veral iiicccfsful Rencounters at Sea with the "Danes:, but Edgar who came to the Crown in 9^9, far furpafTed all his Predeceflbrs in pyp. Naval Glory, and provided himfelf a Navy of no Icis than three ^'"^ ^'^' thouland and fix hundred Sail, and thofe for that Age all ftout Ships. stlLgth^" This Force was divided into three Fleets, each of twelve hundred Sail, which he kept in conftant Readincfs for Service, one on the Eaftern Coaft, another on the VVeflern, and the third on the Northern Coafts of the Kingdom, to defend them againft the Depredations of the Dantjh and Norman Pirates, and lecure the Navigation of the adja- cent Seas: Which that he might the more effedtually do, he every Year, after the Feftival oiEajhr., went on board the Fleet on the Eaftern Coaft, and failing Weftward with it, {courcd the Chanel of Pirates, and having looked into ail the Ports, Bays, and Creeks be- tween the Thames Mouth and the Land's End, quitted this Fleet and fent it back ; and going on board the Weftern Fleet did the like in thofe Parts, as alfo on the Coafts of Ireland., and among the Hebri- des, or Weftern Iflands; where being met by the Northern Fleet, he went on board the lame, and came round to the Thames Mouth, thus encompafting all his Dominions, and providing for the Securi- ty of their Coafts. This he did for the whole fixteen Years of his Reign; and as a more fignal Declaration of his Power at Sea, going once to keep his Court at Chejier, he furamoned thither all the Kings who held of him, to wit, Kenneth King of Scotland, Malcolm of Cumberland, Maccnje of the Ijlcs, and five Kings of Wales, and going on board his Barge caufcd each of them to take an Oar, and to row him down the River 'Dee, while he himfelf fate in the Stern, and held the Rudder; thus, in a fort of folemn Triumph, afterting his Right to that Sea-Dominion, derived from his Anceftors, which has been from him ib happily tranliiiitted down (with the Confcnt of all the Neighbouring Nations) to his lateft Succeftbrs, and Ihall, I truft, continue with them fo long as the Sea it felf lliail endure. The Danes, who in the Reign of this valiant Prince had remained more quiet, when he was deceafcd, and his Son Ethelred came to rhe Danes the Throne, renewed their Hoftilities, and coming over in Swarms "^''J".^"J^ committed great Spoil on the Coafts: Againft whom Ethelred, af- ""l'il'J"„T/ ter the Example of his Father, prepared a powerful Navy, caufing Ethelred. of every three hundred and ten Hides of Land in the Kingdom a Ship 328 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book IIL Ship CO be built ; which however met with but ill Succefs, being for Ethelred'j the moft part either deftroyed by Tempcfts, or, through Negled:, Navy de- retidcr'd unferviceablc againft the Enemy. So powerful were they TeTf/'^ now grown here, and lb odious to the People, that nothing Icfs than '"' ' ' a general MafTacre of them could fatisfy, and accordingly the De- majjacl'^j! ^ign was put in Exccution, without Regard to Age or Sex. To re- venge this Treatment of his Countrymen, Swaine, King of 'Den- Swain redu- wark^ comcs over with a numerous Fleet, and met with iiich good cesgreatcfi Succcls, that forcing Ethelred to retire into Normandy, he made ;rone King 'll^'^fj"' of Ireland furnifiied the Sons of the late King Harold with fixty five they and tks Ships ; but King Wtliiam having feized the Confpirators at home, iridi/orce/i made fo good Preparations for the Reception of thele foreign Ene- mies, tiiai- the Ir'rjh Ships returned without attempting any thing, and the ""Dnncs after having committed fome Depredations on the Coafts of England and Flanders^ returned home alio. But the lat- ter, a few Years after, intending to repair this Diflionour, and to af- icrt their pretended Right to England, fitted out a Fleet of a thoufand Sail, to which were added fix hundred by the Earl of^^^'R'ncs Flanders, their Ally.; but the Winds hanging out of the Way for '///."/'i^J two Years together (as our Fliiloriaus lay) or, what is more proba- land, but Ze ble, through Defpair of Succcls, the Expedition was laid afide, and f''^'^"""'- England ever after freed from all Molcftation from that Quarter. King JVilliam dying in 1087, was fucceed by his Son IVilliam II, 10S7. and he""by his Brother Henry J, who was followed by Stephen, the ^^^.fj^*^"^",? Grandibn of JV'tll'iam I, during all which Time there happened no- han)'"" thing remarkable at Sea. Henry II, Son of Maud the Emprels, next fucceeded in the Throne, who, in the Year 1171, refolving to ""i- attempt the Redu6bion of Ireland, afTembled a Fleet of four hundred y^f/"",!! a„d Ships at Milford Haven, and there embarking with a great Body redua ire- of Troops, croflcd over to Water ford, and landing his Army, in '^"'^ a fliort time brought the whole Kingdom to his Obedience, which U u having V— -- .-— ■ ■■ — ■-,» ^.., — mm , m t ' .. 1 II * ■ ' ■ — 330 Naval TranfaElions fince the Book III. having iettlcd in Peace, and left a Deputy there to adininirtcr the Government, he returned triumphantly to England. Richard 1^,-es fjis Sou and Svicczdor Richatd \. cntring into the Holy War, in to'lhe^HJi" Conjun.'lion with Tbillp 11. of France^ fitted out from his Reahn Land. of E/i-^laud., and his Dominions in France, a Fleet of a hundred and ibirty Ships, and fifry Gallies, under the Commatui of the Arch- bilhop oi Aiixcrre, the Bilhop oi Bayonne, Robert de Sahul, and Richard de Canvile, which having ordered to iail to the Mediter- ranean, he himfelf went over- land to Alarfeilles, and proceeding thence to Sicily, there embarked, and made the bell: of his Way thence for Syria. Arriving off of Cyprus, he was torced by bad Wearher to put in to that Ifland, where being rcfuled the Freedom rf«'«/c '' luT °^ liindmg, he forcibly attacked if, and in few Days reducing the w hole Country to his Obedience, appointed Richard de Cawvile, and Robert de 'Tnrnham, Govrrnors thereof ; when gomg over 10 Sy- ria he landed there, and joining the French King, aireaily arrived, laid Siege to Acre^ then hek! by theSulran ol ^E'i^ypt, ordering his Fleet to lie before it, to prevent its receiving any Succours by Sea. Norwichftanding which, the Enemy endeavouring with rhcir Naval T^e Eng'ni Yoxcjo. fo throw lomc RcHcf into it, the EuHilh en2ai2:ed and entirely tnttrdy defeat n ^ i • <-.i • i • i • i i the Fte.t of defeated them, taking molt ot their Ships and in thein two Hundred y'Egypt. and fifty Grappling Irons, a great Number of VefTeis full oi Ignis Gracns (a Gompofition of Pitch, Sulphur, Tartar, and other com- buftible Matters that would burn even in the Water) togetner with feveral Pots full of live Serpents, all which they had provided for the Dcftrudion of the Englifh, but by the Suddennels of the Vidto- ry were deprived oF the Opportunity of ufiug them. Immediately Acre furrtn- upon this, no Hopes of Succours appearing, Acre was furrendcr'd dered to Ki- jq j^,n^ Richard, loon afrer which he was, by univerfal Confent, chard K/B^o/ , . ^^ . ,' . ,- n i /^i n- V • , ^"'^ "P°" his Submiffion foon after to the Pope, he was John. " reftored to all his Rights ; and the French King, being forbid by his Holinefs to proceed on this Expedition, turned his Arras againft the Earl oi Flanders, for having reiiiied to accompany him in the Prolecution of his Defign againft England, and taking part with King John, \\ ho thereupon lent over to the AiTiftunce of the faid Earl his Fleet, coiififting of five hundred Sail, under the Command ot the Earls of Salisbiuy and Boulogne; and they attacking the French I Chap. XVI. limn of the Kom. Empire. 331 French Fleet oa the Coaft oi Flanders, near 'Damme, entirely de- ^'"sJohn fcatcd the fame, and then landing their Troops, forced the King of ptenchFUet France to retire with great Lois into his Dominions. King John was iuccceded by his Son Henry, the Third of that Name, whofe long Reign palfjd without any remarkable Occurrence at Sea : But his Succeflor Ed-Ji-'ard I, upon the French King's attack- ing his Dominions in France, fitted out a Fleet of three hundred and rixty Sail, which, with a confiderable Laud Force, he font over to Guicnne, under the Command of the Earls oi Lancalter, Lin- Edward r col-1, and Richmond. Arriving in the Garonne, they in a Ihort time fnt i\ic French, underColourof their pretended ^y^^/i^a^ Law parting him by, fet up King T^hilip VI, furnamed de Valois. King Edward, in Prolecution of his juft Caufc, declared War a- Edward llf. gainft 'Fhilip, and pafTing over to France with a great Army, ob- AuUre^vara- tained leveral Advantages, and having drawn the People of Flan- ^"'"^ ders into an Alliance with him, returned to England to provide a ftrong Reinforcement for the more effcdual carrying on the War. The French in the mean time having fitted out leveral Ships, com- mitted great Depredations on the Coaft of England, and having Advice that the King was ready to proceed with his Forces to Flan- ders, they affemblcd their whole Navy in the Port of Slnys, in or- der to oppofc his Landing in thofe Parts. The Englijh Fleer, ne- vcrthelels, confiftingoF two hundred and fixty Sail, having received the King with the Troops on board, let Sail from the Downs, and arriving near Sltiys, found the French Ship= in three Divifions, dii- pos'd in Order of Battel. When they were come up within a con- venient Diftance of each other, the King having the Advantage ofrtf Engliih the Wind, made the Signal to engage, whereupon the Englijh, fet- overcome the ting up loud Huzzas, poured out from their Long Bows luch Show- ^^^'^ ers of Arrows upon the Enemy as immediately covered their Decks with dead Bodies ; and then boarding the French Ships, purfued U u X their 332 Naval TranfatYtons fince the Book III. Edvvard lays fie^e t» Tour- nay. Edward af- fifts thi Duki c/Bretagne. their Advantage with fuch Vigour, that in few Hours they gained a complete Vidlory, though not without the Lofs of four thodand Men on their fide. But the French loft two hundred and thirty Ships, and thirty thouland Men, moft of whom were drowned ; for not being able to abide the numerous Vollies of the Engltjh Arrows, great Multitudes of them defperately leaped into the Sea, and pe- riihed. The News of which great Lois the French King's Cour- tiers being perplexed how to communicate to him, his Jefter took it upon him to do it, and going into the Prefencc, breaks out into the moft violent Exclamations of, Oh the cowardly Englifli ! faultry Englifli ! faint-hearted Englifli ! Whereupon the King enquiring, JVhy fuch Co'-^ards ? JVhat had they done ? fFhy, replied he, for not daring to jnm£ into the Sea as your Majejiys brave French- men have done. King Edward having entirely ruined the Enemy's Fleer, landed his Army, and marching to Tournay^ laid fiege to that Place, where after he had lain three Months, he was at length prevailed upon to grant the French a Truce for one Year. This was fcarce expired, e'er King Edward, at the earneft Solicitation of John de Monforty Duke oi Bretagne, (then not annexed to the Crown of France) fent over a confidcrablc Force to aflift him againft Charles deBlois, who pretended to that Duchy, and was fupporrcd in his faid Pre- renfions by the French King. The Fleet which tranfported thele Forces to Bretagne was commanded by Robert d^ Artois, lately re- volted from the French, and created Earl oi Richmond, who be- ing mortally wounded before Vannes , the King went over thi- ther in Perfon with To numerous a Fleet and Army, that at one and the fame time he laid ficge loRennes, Vannes ^ and Nantes, the three moft confiderablc Cities o( Bretagne, as alfo to the Town of 'Dinant, which he took by Storm ; and at length, after feveral o- ther Advantages, he concluded a Truce with the Enemy for three Years, and returned to England. This Truce was no fooner at an end, than King Edward, relblving to purfiie his Right to the Crowa oi France with the utmoft Vigour, made all fuitable Preparations, and having afTembled at Tortfmoiith a Fleet of a thoufand Sail, em- barked with his Army, and crofling over to Normandy^ landed at La Hogtic, from whence marching up into 'Picardy, he gained the fignal Vidory at Crcjfy , wherein thirty thoufand of the Ene- my were flain, and among them the Flower of the Nobility of France. Shortly after this, upon occafion of fbme Variance between Eng- land and Spain, a Fleet of that Nation, going to Sluys in Flan- ders, meeting in their way thither with fome Englifh Ships, bound home from Gafcogne, feized ten of them, which they funk, after they had plundered them of their Cargoes. The King, upon Ad- vice of this, fitted out a Squadron of fifty Ships, and receiving In- telligence when the Spanijh Ships were returning home from Sluysy went on board the Fleet, accompanied with the Prince of Wales, the Earls of Lane after, Northampton, Warwick, Salisbury, Arun- del, Huntington, and Glocefier, with many other Pcrlbns of Qua- lifv, 13-13. Edward prc- fares to in- vaJe l"rancc, and obtains a great I'it'fory at Creny. 1346. Same SpanifVi ships pnh ci- thers of Eng- land. Chap. X VI. Ru'tti of the Rom. Empire. 333 liry, in order to intcrccpc them iu their PafTage. OfT of JVinchel- fey they fell in with the SpaniJIj Fleet, coufifting of four and forty Sail of large Carracks, which, compared with thofc of the Englijhy were like floating Caftles. Approaching each other, there enfucd a bloody Engagement, wherein, after a long and obftinate Difputc, the Englijh Archers proving too hard for the Spanijh Crols-bow Men, the King obtained a compleatVidtory, taking Ibvcntcen of the Edward de- Enemy's Ships, the reft with difficulty cicaping under covert of the -''"V''^ ^f^" XT T r» r • c u- L T- 1 ? f n / / - • nurds at Sea. Night. But lome time after this the Earl oi rcmbruke repairmg with a ftroug Squadron to the Relief of Rocbclle, then bcfieged by the French, received a great Overthrow before that Place from the united Fleet o[' t\\Q French and Spaniards, who took the laid Earl ^'^^ F.ari of Prifoner, and polTefTed thcmfelves of all his Ships, as we have in P^'"''f°'^e o- ' f I ' verciwe at another Place oblerved. Rochelle by King Ediz-nrd dying, he was fucceeded by his Grandlbn Richard ''"^ !>ench II, Son of the famous Black Prince, who coming to the Crown pLr/.''^"''^ at eleven Years of Age, the French and Scots, thinking to take Ad- ihe French vinrage of his Minority, very much infefted the Coafts. Of the '>»-^ Scots ^o- la'tcr one Mercer appeared at the Flead of a confiderable Nura- ''^' ^"S'^nd. bcr of Ships and committed great Spoil on the Eaftern Coafts, plun- dering or taking all the Ships he met with : Which Infolences of his the weak Adminiftration of that time taking no care to reprcfs, a wealthy Citizen oi' London, one John Thilfot, fitted out at his John Philpot own Charge a Number of Frigates, and going with them himfelf iu ''""M'^i <*f queft of this Rover, he in a ihort time came up with him, and took him Priloner, and recovered all the Prizes which had been taken from the Englijh, together with feveral Spanijh aui] French Ships richly laden ; notwithftanding which confiderable Service, the Ci- t tizcn was, upon his Return home, taken into Cuftody, as having levied a Force without Authority ; but gave fb handlbmc an Ac- count of his Intentions therein at the Council-Table, that he was dilmiffed with Thanks. Some time after, upon the Apprehenfions the Nation was in of an Invafion from the French King, CharlesW, greater Care was taken to provide for its Defence, and a confider- Richard II. able Fleet was fitted out under the Command of the Earls oi Arun- P'^'""'*^^'". del and Nottingham, who putting to Sea, went over to the We- ftern Coafts of France, and there cruifing againft the Enemy, took a hundred a hundred Sail of Ships, Ibme of them Men of War, and the reft |fench5/;//j trading Vcfixls laden with Wine. Henry IV. next (iicceeded to the Crown, in the fourth Year of whofc Reign a Squadron of Ships belonging to Bretagnc arriving at Tlimouth, burnt that Town ; to revenge which Proceeding the We- ftem Ships were lent over to Bretagne, under the Command of Wil- liam Wilford, who took forty Ships, and burnt as many ; and land- °'^='"' ^^ench ing at 'Penmarc, marched up into the Country, which having plun- and burnt'! dered and laid wafte, he retreated with a confiderable Booty to his Ships, and returned home. This however did not deter the Admi- ral oi" Bretagne, for he made another Attempt with his Fleet the next Year upon the Town of 'Dartmouth, where landing his Men, TheFienchin he vigoroufly attacked the Place, but was lb warmly received by oaTtmouthr t the The Englidi ravage the Coajts of Scotland. 1437- Henry V Unds in Fiance, court. nd Harfleur in- vtfted by Sea and Land by the French. 334 Naval TranfaEtions Jince the Book III. the Towniinen, and chofe of the neighbouring Country, that he was forced to retire with the Lofs of four hundred Men, and two hun- dred taken Prifoners. Shortly after this, upon occafion of a War with Scotland^ S\i RobertVmfreviky Vice- Admiral oi England., re- pairing with a Squadron of ten Ships of War to the Firth oi Forth., ravaged the Coafts on both fides for fourteen Days, and having burnt the largefl: Ship of that Kingdom, called the Great Galliot, and ta- ken feveral Prizes, returned to the Engl'ijh Coafts. King Henry V, who fucceeded his Father in 1437, reviving the juft Pretcnfions of his Houfe to the Crown of France, refolved on an Expedition to that Kingdom, and having got ready at Southamp- ton fixteen hundred Sail of Ships, Hulks, and other Veflels, part whereof were hired from Holland and Zeeland, there embarked with his Army, and landing at Caudebec in Normandy, prefently Yzhti\he"'^at- took in the Town of Harfleur, and ioon after fought the famous tei at Agin- Battel of Agiftcourt, to the eternal Honour of the Englijh Nation. The next Campaign the French refolving by all means poftible to attempt the Recovery of Harfleur, the Conftable of France with a great Army inverted it on the Land fide, while the Vice- Admiral bc- fieged it at Sea, with the whole Navy of that Kingdom. The Duke of Exeter commanding in the Place began to be hard prcfTed by the Beficgers, when the Engl'ijh Fleet, under the Command of the Duke of Bedford, accompanied with leveral other Perfons of the firft Quality, was ordered to repair to his Relief Arriving in the Mouth of the Seine, they found the Enemy's Fleet, great part where- of confifted of Genoefe Carracks, drawn up before the Port oi Har- fleur, and vigoroufly attacking rhem, after a Difpute of leveral Hours, entirely defeated them, and having funk or taken five hun- dred Vefi!cls, with three Genoefe Carracks, went triumphantly into the Port, and relieved the Town, whereupon the Enemy's Land- Army immediately raiied the Siege and retired. During the reft of this great Prince's Reign there happened no- thing remarkable at Sea ; where we hear of no more Exploits of the Englijh till the thirty fourth Year of his Son and Succcflbr Hen- r^VI, at which time the great Earl oi Warwick being Lord High Admiral, and then lately entered into the Intcrefts of the Houie of Tork, he, to fecure the Fleet to that fide, afTembling all iuch Ships as were in a Readinels for Service, luddenly repaired on board the fame, and went out to Sea, where he fell in with five great Carracks, three of them Genoefe, and two Spaniflo, which, after a moft refolute Defence on their fide, he made himfelf Mafter of, and carry 'd them into Calais, of which Place he was Governor. King Henry hav- ing appointed the Duke oiSomerfet to liiccced him in that Poft, the Citizens of Calais were fo devoted to their old Governor, that they refufed him Admittance ; whereupon the King ordered fuch of his Ships as the Earl of Warrjuick had left behind, to be got together at Sand'wich, under the Command of the Lord Rivers, who was to carry over the Duke of Somerfet to Calais, and inflate him by force in that Government : But while they were preparing to execute thcfe Orders, John'Dinham, an expert Sea-Captain of the oppo- fitc Party, repairing to Sandwich with a Number of Ships, attack'd 5 the The French F/cef beaten, :c thereof, and prevent the Earl of JFav^tck's landing in thoic Parts. But he iuJdcnly crofling over from Calais, furprized Sir Simon Monfnrd with ail his Ships at Sandvaich, and \Var«-ick having plundered the Town, retired with his Prifoners and Booty /f''" .c,a!ais back to his Government ; from whence returning ia few Days af- Kw^Tsh\bl. ter to the Euglijh Coafts, he landed at Sandivich, where being met by the Lord Cobham, and fcveral others of his Party, with a great Force , he prolccuted his Quarrel afhore againft the Lancajlrians with fuch Succeis, that in tew Months after the Duke of Tork was Edward IV. crowned King of England by the Name of Ed-jsard IV. crowned. The French iiipporting the Interefts, as much as in them lay, of M'^r the Lancaftruvi Family, King Ed-juard fitted out a confidcrabic Fleet, on board of which were embarked ten thoufand Soldiers, un- der the Command of the Earls of Ejfex and Kent, and the Lords Jludley and Clinton, who fcouring the Seas for fome time, landed at Conquct in Bretagne, and having plundered the adjacent Coun- try, repaired thence to the Ifle of Re, where they did the like; and having cleared the Seas of the French, returned home with a ^^« Engiiih great Number of Prizes. Some time after this the Earl o'dVavjuick j^renchct^/? difagrecing alio with King Ed-Jo'ard, revolted to the Houle oi Lan- cajler, and fct King Henry again on the Throne ; but was at length Henry again flaiu fighting in his Defence at the Battel of St. Alban's ; whercup- f" '"■ '^' on Kmsy Ed-j:;ard was again reeftablillicd. While Warwick him- r^'"""".! "li , ■-' , ^ 10072 Ujt€f HiQ- Iclf was prolecucing this Quarrel by Land, the beforementioncd Earl ward. oi Kent, who was his natural Son, did the like by Sea, and having got together a confideiable Number of Ships, and received on board them part of the Garrilon of Calais, entirely devoted to the Earl of Warwick's Service , he caufcd his Ships to come up the Ri- The Earl of ver to London, and marching thither himfclf, with fcventeen thou- I'^'^nf endea- fand Men, attempted to make himlelf Mafter of the City, but met ^"7 " '"'" With io Vigorous a Reduancc from the Citizens, that he was forced to retire wich the Lois of a great Number of Meu, and retreating to Sandwich, was purfucd thither by K'xng Edward, where his Ad- herents, upon Promilc ot Pardon, furrendcred themlelvcs, with all ^^^« R''^'''' their Ships. Fdwrrt' '" The two following lliort Reigns oi EdwardY, and his unnatural Uncle, Richard III, produce nothing memorable at Sea. Henry VII. next fuccceding to the Throne, he, by marrying the Lady £"- lizabeth. Daughter to Edward IV, united the io long divided Houfcs 1485. oi Lancafier and Tork; in the feventh Year of whofc Reign, the Lord Ravenftein, a Subject of the Arch Duke Alaximilian, then alio Duke oi Burgundy, having railed a Rebellion againfl: his Prince, Ravenfiem and, by the Afiiftance of the Citizens oi' Ghent znd Bruger, Icized commits pi- theTovvn oi Slnys, he there got together a great Number of Ships '^''""oi! and Barks, with which he cruifed in a Piratical manner againfl the Ships of all Nations that he met with, without diftind:ion. The Englijh 3 3 <^ Naval TranfaBmu fince the Book III. Englifh Merchants having fuffer'd anaongft others by rhefc Rovers, and the King being wiUing to lupport Maximilian againft France^ with whom he was at Variance, fitted out a Squadron under the Command of Sir Ed'xard Toynings, to afTifl: the Arch- Duke in the Redudion of them, and of the Town of Sluys their Receptacle. Sir Edward Toynitigs accordingly letting fail with his Squadron, The Englifli cruifed fomc Days at Sea , and then repaired before the Town of lay fie^t to Sliiys, and upon Notice that the Duke of Saxony^ who was alio Sluys b'jSea. ^^^^ ^^ Maximilian's, Afiiftance, had inverted it on the Land fide, he laid dole Siege to it by Sea, and attacking one of the two Ca- ftles wherein the Strength of the Place confilkd, for twenty Days fuccclTively, was as often repulled, though not without great Slaugh- ter of the Enemy ; but at length finding means to fet fire to a Bridge of Boats by which the two Caftles held Communication, the rht Cables Enemy lurrendered the Caftles to the Eiiglijh, and the Town to the of shys fur- Dyi-c of Saxony. ^hfrlwn About this time it was that Chrifiopher Columbus, a Genoefe Ma- rhe Difcovt- riner, whether from his Confideration of the ipherical Body of the ries of Co- g^j-fh and Water, conjeduring that there muft necefTarily be feme other great Track of Land between the Weftern Coafts of Europe and Ajrick, and the Eaftern Coafts o'i Jlfia, as it were to balance and counterpoiie the vaft Continent we live upon ; or, as foiiie al- ledge, being polTefled of the Memoirs of an old Navigator, who had been driven by Tempefts on the Coafts of Hifpaniola, and ou his Return from thence died at Columbus's Houfe at Madera, was from thence aflured of the Being of Ibme unknown Countries to the Weftward. However that was, Colvmbus, full of his new Projedl, made Propofals to King Henry of going to difcover thcfe Countries, in his Name, and to his Ufe ; but meecing with no Encouragement from him, and having made the like Propofals, and met with the like Negledt in Portugal, applied himfelf to Ferdinand and Ifabella, King and Queen of Cafiile, and was by them furniflied with Ships for the Proiecution of his Entcrprize, and happily dilcovering the fVeJt-Indics, began the Conqueft thereof for that Crown, as wc have already related among the Spanijh Affairs. 1498. About fix Years after this Difco very, J ohn Cabot, z Venetian, who The Difcove- yyas fcttlcd at Brijiol, conjecturing from CoUanbus's Succefs that there Cabot. might be alio Lands to be found out to the North-Weft, prcfented a Memorial to the King, letting forth, that he made no doubt, if his Majcfty would pleafe to employ him, but that he could make fbme ufcful Difcoverics in his Name, and find out Iflands or Countries a- bounding with rich Commodities, as the Genoefe Enterprizer had lately done ; to which Propolal the King now lent a willing Ear, and fitting out a Ship ixovn Brijiol, gave Cabot the Command of her, with a CommifTion for the Dilcovery of Lands then unknown, and annexing them to the Crown of England. To this Ship fomc Merchants oi London joining three more, laden with fuch flight Commodities as were thought proper for Commerce with barbarous People, Cabot departed with them from Brijtol, and (as Sir Henry Gilbert relates it, who was employed afterwards by Queen Eliza- beth Chap. X VI. Rit'm of the Rom. E^Jipire. 337 bet how the like Services) failed very tarWeftwardwirha Qiiarterof the North, on the North fide otTerre de Labrador, till he came into the Latitude of 67.;- Degrees, and finding the Seas ftiU open, might and would, as he affirmed, have gone to Cathay, if he had not been nrcvcnred by the DilTenfions between the Maftcr and the Mariners. But this we find, by the Dilcovcries made in thole Parts fjnce that time, was more than he could have performed. However after this, he and his Son Sebaftian, during the rcfl: of this King's Reign, made Icvcral Voyages that way, and dilcovercd the Ifland of Baccalaos, now much better known by the Name oi Ne\z.'foiiiidland, together Ncwfound- with the reft of the North- Eafl: Parts oi America, (where now we land, c^^:. i;/- have \'o many flouiiihing Colonies) as far as the Cape of Florida ; "^^''^ ' and landing in fcveral Places, took Poflcffion thereof in the Name of the King oi England. King Henry dying in 15-09, was fuccecded by his Son HenryVXW; 1509. in the beginning of whole Reign one Andre-ja Briton, a ScotsM.din, Andrew Bri- who had obtained Letters of Marque from his Prince againft: the ^""' " ^"^"'5 Flemings, and other the Subjedls of the King oi Spain, under Co- pi"a,e'.""" lour of that Power pradifcd Piracy upon our Coafts, where he feiZ' cd and plundered feveral Ships, on pretence of their carrying Spa- nijh Goods. To repreis this Iniblence, Sir Edward Howard, Lord High Admiral, and his Brother Sir Thomas, were fent out with two Ships, who meeting with Briton, off the Goodwin Sands, with the like Number , engaged him , and after a long and obftinate Fight, wherein the Scotfmam was flain, took both the Ships, and brought Briton redu- them to London, where the Men, upon their Subm.iffion to the "■'/' ""f^" ,,.,,, ii-i 1 ir-'i Ship i taken. King s Mercy, were diicharged and lent home. Shortly after this King Henry declaring War againft France, Sir Henry viii. Edward Howard repaired with a Squadron to the Coafts of Bre- f f^,T '^'"' tagne, where landing at Conqnct, and other Places, he burned fe- France. vcral Towns, and dcftroyed the Country for many Miles from the Sea. Whereupon the French ufing all Diligence to get together a great Fleet, the King reinforced his Admiral with five and twenty llout Men of War, which he put under the Command of the prin- cipal Perlbns about him. The largcft Ship, called the Regent, of a thoufand Tuns, was commanded by Sir Thomas Knevet, Mafter of the Horfe ; as the next Ship, called x.\\c Sovereign , was by Sir Charles Brandon, affifted by Sir Henry Gnilford with fixty Yeo- men of the Guard. This Fleet going over to the Coafts oi Bre- tagne to watch the Motions of the French, arrived before Breft juit as their Fleet, confifting of thirty nine Sail, was coming out from that Harbour, which they immediately attacking, a fliarp En- rte French gigemcnt cnfued, wherein, at the firft Charge, the two capital Ships ^j^tf""'^*" on each fide, to wit, the Englijh Regent, and the French Corde^^^^^^' Here, being clolc grappled together, were accidentally let on fire and confumcd, together with all the Officers and Seamen on board ; the Sight whereof lb difmayed the French, that they made the beft of their way, without ftriking another Stroke, into Breji, and other Places adjacent. X X The 338 Naval Travf actions fincc the Book III. The King intending the following Campaign to make an Expedi- tion to France in Perlbn, thought it proper beforehand to have the Sea cleared, if pofllble, by the Deftrudion of the French Fleer, and therefore early the next Spring the Lord High Admiral was fenc out with forty two Ships of War, befides Icverai fmall Vcffcls, who repairing to the Coafts of Bretagne, received Intelligence that the French Fleet, which lay ready to fail in Brcjl^ being in daily Ex- pectation of being joined by fix Gallies from the Mediterranean, under the Command of Monfieur Tregent, had determined to con- tinue in that Port till their Arrival. Whereupon the Lord- Admiral thinking it mod advifable to attack the Enemy before their Jundioa with the Gallies, entered the Harbour oi' Brejl with his Fleet, where the French had fecured themfelves with fcyeral Batteries railed on both fides the Harbour, together with a Range of twenty four rhe Englidi Hulks, linked together, to defend their Ships from our Fire. The dejiroy the Loid- Admiral immediately on his entering .the Mouth of the Har- iffttTBreft. hovLVy fending out feveral Boats as if he intended to land there, drew all the French, to the Number of above ten thoufand, dowui to the Shore, while he going up higher, landed over againft Breji, and burnt the Country, in fight of the Caftle : But being in want of Provifions, which were daily exped:ed, he defifted from making a- ny farther Attempts till he ihould receive that Supply. In the mean time Monfieur Tregent, with fix Gallies and four Foifts, arrived in the Bay of Conquet, the Place neareft to Breji which he could put into, where fearing he fliould be attacked by the Engl'ifl], who he underftood were in Breft Harbour, he Iccured himfelf between two Rocks, which had Bulwarks on them well furnifhed with Ordnance. Notwithftanding this advantageous Pofture, Sir Ed'ji'ard Howard re- folved to attack him, and having two Gallies with him in the Fleer, went on board one of them himfelf, and committed the other to the Lord Ferrers, with which, accompanied with only two Barges, and two other Boars, he went into the Bay oi Conquet , and com- ing along fide of Monfieur Tregent, ordered his own Gaily to be laftied to the Enemy's, which he immediately enter'd with Sword in Hand, attended with fcvcnteen Men ; but his Gaily, by fome Accident, fwinging o% he was left in the Hands of his Enemies, 7he Lord High \iho borc him over with their Pikes into the Sea, undiftinguifh'd Admiral Ho- from the reft of his Followers. The Lord Ferrers Iceing the Ad- ward lofu h^ ^j^^,.^ (.^„y ^^,J ^^^ ^^J J^^yj^g ^p^^^j. ^,J J^jg gj^^j.^ j.gjj^^j ^yjj.J^ j.J^g other VefTels, not knowing but that the Admiral was fafe; but he being at length raifTed, the Englifly fent a Flag of Truce to the E- nemy to know what Prifoners were taken, who made anfwer none but one Mariner, who faid that a Perfon they had pullied over-board with their Pikes was their Admiral : Whereupon the Fleet , now with- Tie French do out a Commander , returned to the Englijh Coafts. Thither Monfieur fome ^'[(hief ^^gggjjf^ cncourag'd by this little Succeis, ibon followed, and land- ing in Snjfex, fpoiled the Country, but was prefcntly repulfed ; and Sir Thomas Hoivard, who fucceeded his Brother as High Admiral, putting to Sea with a Squadron of clean Ships, foon forced him to retire, and clearing the Seas of the French, afliftcd in tranfporting the \ Chap. X VI. Rtiin of the Rom. Empire, 33^ the Kin^ aud his Army to Calais^ who marching into the French Hcmy viii. Territories, inv^^Q^.teroneniie, and having defeated the Enemy ^,'j ^^^'^^*^' who attcmpred to rchevc it, foon forced it to furrcnder, and then fcan the in a ihort time reducing Touriiay, returned to England. i rench. Prefcntly afrer this a Treaty of Peace was fee on foot, but not concluded till lomc Years were expired, aud then it proving but of Ihort Duration, the King enrcr'd into an Alliance with the Emperor '^he f.mferor Charles Y. againft France, who, puifuant to an Agreement made •j",'^y^^J^'^j^»' with King Henry, joined his Navy, confiding of a hundred and gainfi France. eighty Sail, to the Englifl? Fleer, uhdcr the Command of Sir Tho- mas Ho-Jiy-ard, High Admiral, now made Earl of Surrey, who, with the King's leave, receiving a CommilTion from the Emperor to be his High Admiral alio, repaired with the united Fleets over to the Coaft of Normandyy and landing at Cherbourg, deftroyed the adjacent Country, and returned to 'Portland. Thence proceeding rhe united in a few Days to Morlaix in Bretagne, he landed there, and raking ''"''^^^ '^'! the Town by Storm, faci<.cd it, and having burnt lev enteen Sail of Fr'/nce. ' French Ships on the Coaft, detached a Squadron to continue crui- fing at Sea under the Command of Vice- Admiral Fjtz-lViliiamSy and repaired himfelf with the reft of the Fleet to Southamptony where the Emperor lay ready to embark for Spain, whom re- ceiving on board, he in few Days landed him at St. Andrew^ in Bifcay. Thd next Summer a Squadron of fix and thirty Sail was put un- der the Command of Sir Wiliiain Fit z- Williams, to ciuife on the Coafts oi France, in order to intercept the Duke oi Albany in his Paflagc from that Kingdom lo Scotland, whereof he was Regent; who, meeting with twelve French Ships, which had on board fe- veral of the Scotijh Nobility, forced them back into the Ports of *Dieppe and Boulogne, where leaving fome Ships to block them up, he proceeded with the reft along the French Coaft, and landing in fevcral Places, wafted the Country, and at length coming to Tre- T^he Englirfj fort, he attacked that Town, and having burnt the Suburbs, and \t??rlwh deftroyed all the Ships m the Haven, returned to the £'«?///^ Coafts KingsCoun- with a confidcrab c Booty. Of this Sir fVilliam Fitz JVilliams it ">• hath been oblcrvcd, that there was not a lerviceable Man wc^^tx charaaer of him whoic Name he knew not, not a Week pafi^ed but he paid his '>'''VVii!iam Ships, not a Prize but his Seamen fliarcd in as well as himfelf, it ^,"3" "''' being his Rule that none fought well but thole which did it for a Fortune. After this Expedition we meet with no more at Sea till the 36''' Year of this King's Reign, when his Majefty entering into aWar againft Scotland, the Lord Lijle, who fuccceded the Earl oi Surrey as Lord High Admiral, was ordered with the Fleet to invade that Kingdom, ihe Englifh and having received on board at Newcajile the Earl of Hertfordi '"'"^''<' ^cot- Lieutenant-General of the North, and other Perlbns of Quality, with a confiderable Body of Troops, proceeded thence to Leith^ and there landing his Men, the Englijh foon made themfelves Ma- tters of that Place, as alfo of the City of Edinburgh, which they Edinburgh burnt for three Days together, and were there joined by the Lord ^".'"'' "' "'>* X X X Evers, 3 4 o Naval Tranfaciions fincc the Book 1 II. Evers, Warden of the Eaft Marches, at the Head of d Land- Army. But not being able to take the Citadel, the Lord Admiral and the Lord-Cjcncral rccrciitcd to Leith, to which letting fire, they reim- barkcd, and having, icoured the Coafls of Scot Una, and taken out of the Havens and Creeks all Inch VefTcIs as they found there, made the bell of their way home; while the Land Army burnt Se- otb:r Places tOH, Hadhigtoii, and "Dunbar., and having dcflroycd all the Coun- hurnt in j-j-y jji jfs March, retreated in Safety to Bcvai'ick. Loi ,111 . ^^ ^j^j^ j.j^^^ j.[^^ l^j^g ^^^ ^^^ engaged in a War with France.^ whither having lliortly after fent over an Army of thirty thoufand Men, he followed himlelf in a Ship which had Sails of Cloth of Henry viii. Gold, and landing at C^/^ij, proceeded thence to Boulogne, and itju^aQoa- formed the Siege of that Town by Land, while the Lord High Ad- anTiand''^ niiral attacked it with a Fleet by Sea ; which being performed with great Vigour on both fides, the Town was in a few Days furren- dered to the King upon Terms. For the Recovery of this important Place out of the Hands of the Englijh, the French King aflembles all his Navy on the Ccafl: o? Normandy , under the Command of Monficur d'' Annebault, Admiral of France, which having alfo rein- forced with a Squadron of five and twenty Gallies from the Medi- The French tertancan, commanded by Taulin, Baron de la Garde, he ordered 7ecover"^o[t them to Continue in a Readinels to repair before Boulogne, and pre- logne. vent its being relieved by Sea, while he lliould befiege it by Land. But all things being not yet ready for forming that Siege, he gave Directions that the Fleet ihould make fomc Attemps on the Englijh Coafts ; which accordingly (landing over to St. Helen's for that pur- pofe, King Henry, who, upon Advice of the Enemy's Preparations, was gone down to Tortfmouth to haftcn the fitting out of the Fleet, ordered his Ships to lail out to Spit head, and oppolc the Enemy ; but in their PafTage thither, the Mary- Rofe, one of the largeft of them, commanded by Sir George Careiv, by a little Sway of the Ship, (her Ports being made within fixteen Inches of the Water) was overfet and loft, with her whole Company. The reft, to the Number of fixty, exchanged fome Shot with the French till Night The French parted them, and then they returned. The next Morning the E- iX't/'vv-tght. "cmy landed Icvcral Men in the Ifle o'iJVight, but were prefently repulicd ; nevcrthelcls they icon landed again, and began to delibe- rate about reducing and keeping the Ifland ; but as that could not be done without ere(51:ing Forts, for which Men and Time were wanting, they reimbarkcd, and their Fleet made Sail for Tortet, near Boulogne, in their way to which Place they landed Ibme Men in Sujfex, which were repulfed with confidcrable Lofs. Having put ailiore four thoufand Men at Tortet, and the Wind coming up Eaft- crly, they again came over to our Coafts ; upon Advice whereof, the King gave Orders that his Fleet lliould offer the Enemy Battel, rht EnghQi which they at length accepted, and a Iharp Engagement enfued for "vLulngXt. '^^^'^ Hours, till Night parted the two Fleets, when the French re- tired to Havre de Grace, and appeared no more. The Lord High Admiral followed them loon after to the Coafts, and landed fix JlTpfench thouland Men at Treport, and having burnt that Town and Abby, shifi burnt. together Chap. XVI. Riiin of the Rom. Empire. 341 together with thirty Ships which lay in the Haven, retreated with the Lois of only tourteen Men. The next Campaign the French renewed their Attempts againll Boulogne^ and, in order to cut off its Communicacion with Calais^ endeavoured to feize Ambleteufe , where they intended to fortify; but were prevented therein by the Dihgence of the Lord- Admiral, and Earl of Hertford^ who tranlporting an Army of nine thoufand skirmiUs at Men to chat Place, encamped in the Neighbourhood; mean while, ^'""/"/Bou- the Fleet had ieveral Skirmilhes with that of the Enemy's on thofe '°^"j^6*^'" Coafts ; where, particularly before Ambleteufe, eight of the King's Ships engaged an equal Number of the French Gailies, and, after a warm Dil'pute, took one of them, and forced the reft to retire. King Henry dying the next Year, he was lucceeded by his Son Edward VI, in the Beginning of whofe Reign a War breaking out with Scotland, a Fleet and Army were got ready for the Invafioa of that Kingdom, the latter under the Command of the Duke of ly^- Edward vi. merfet, and the former of the Lord Clinton ; who, whilft the Land ("'^ff' ^'^°^' Army marched into Scotland^ and gained the Vidory at Mnfel- a^d ilnl^ burgh, with four and twenty Men of War, one Gaily, and thirty other VeiTels, fcoured the Coafts, and landing in feveral Places, de- ftroyed the Country. Shortly after this a War enluing with France, the French King intending to reduce the Iflauds of Guernfey and 'i^e French Jerfey, the only Remains we had now left of the Duchy of Nor- "'"'"f* mandy, fitted out a ftrong Squadron, which conducted thither a Bo- je'rfey wLl- dy of two thoufand Men : But Captain William Winter being im- ""^ 5»««A mediately fent over with fome Ships, and eight hundred Soldiers, he, notwithftanding the Enemy's great Superiority, attacked them with fuch Vigour, that they were forced to retire with the Lofs of a thou- fand Men, and the Dcftrudtion of their Gailies. Some time after this upon Propolals laid before the King hy Se- ijn- baftian Cabot, (who for his great Skill in Cofraography and Navi- gation, was retained in his Service with an honourable Penfion) three Ships were fitted out at the Publick Charge for theDilcovcry of the wnioughby North-Eaft Pafiage to China and the Indies. They were put un- i"" '" '^'f"' dcr the Command of Sir Hugh Willoughby, who departing from the Pafjage to Thames, failed to the North Cape, (where one of his Ships left him China. and returned home) and proceeding farther Northwards, difcovered that part of Greenland, fince called by the T^utch Spitzberg; but Greenland the Severity of the Cold obliging him to return to the Southw^ard, 'Z"'^"'"'- he was forced by bad Weather into the River Arzina, in Mufco- vite Lapland, from whence being not able to come out, he was found there the next Spring frozen to Death, with all his Ship's Company, having the Notes of his Voyage, and his laft Will lying before him , whereby it appeared that he lived till January. But Richard Chancellour, in the third Ship, with better Succefs, af- ChanceJiour ter many Difficulties and Dangers, penetrated to Archangel m Muf- f^^'^^^^"'* covy, being the firft Perfon who difcovered the PafTage to that Place; from whence, in the fourth Year of Queen Mary, after having made iJ57- another Voyage thither, he brought over an AmbafTador of the Czar of Mufcovys, with Prefents to the Queen, and an Invitation $ CO 342 'NavalTranfaBions jincethe Book III Chanceiiour to fettle a Trade to thofe Parrs; but the Ship was caft away on the fij R*mi" ^°^^ °^ Scotland, where Chanceiiour in faving the Ambadador was himfelf unfortunately drowned. &uetn Msry Queen Mary about this Time engaging in a War with France^ on ajfjisiheSfz- Account of her Husband King Tbili/> of Spain, the Earl of Tern- "'" ' l?roke was fcnt over into 'Picardy with leven thoufand Men, to the Afliftance of the Span'tjh Troops then beficging St. ^int'tn, whi- ther the King prefently after repairing, they greatly contributed to the fignal Vidory he obrained over the French that came to its Re- st. Quintin liefi as allo to the Redu<3:ion of the Town, which was taken by taken hy gtorm a fcw Diys after, wherein the Englijh were the foremoft on the Attack. This Lois the French ihorrly after fevereiy revenged on the Englijh ; for the Duke of Guife, in the midft of Winter let- ing down with a great Army before Calak, which was very ill provi- rht French ded for Defence, carried on his Attacks with fuch Vigour, that in a taVt Calais. YV^ge^'s Time he had the Town furrendered to him, after it had been in our Hands above two hundred Years. The Queen was inconlblably grieved for the Lofs of this Place ; but to be revenged in fome meafure on the French King, (he fent out the Lord Clinton, her High Ailmirai, with a Fleet of a hundred and ten Sail, who being joined alio by King y/j>i///'s Admiral of the Netherlandsy with thirty Flemijh Ships, was ordered, if he judged it feafible, to attempt the Redudiion of Brefi. Sailing to the Coafts oi Bretagne, he found that Defign im- practicable, but landing at Conquety prefently pofTeHed himiclf of Tfe« EngliOi that Town, which he Tacked and burnt, together with the Abby, Con'u'et^c^T andfeveral other Places in the Neighbourhood, and then returned on board the Fleet with a very confidcrable Booty ; bur the Flemings draggling farther up into the Country were moft of them cut off in their Retreat. Chap. XVII. Of the Naval TranfaBions of the Englifti during the Reign of ^leen Elizabeth. Q I U E E N Mary dying in few Months after this Expedition, , flie was, happily for the Proteftant Religion and the Libcr- jjjg, ties of England, liicceeded by that glorious Princefs Queen Eliza- beth^ who, in the Beginning of her Reign, coming to a Relblution of lupporting the Proteftant Party in Scotland againft the Encroach- ments of the French (who, on Occafion of /^rW/j- IL his Marriage with Mary Queen of Scots^ had ufurped the whole Government, and committed great Diforders in that Kingdom) fitted out a Squa- dron under the Command of JVilliam Winter, Mafter of the Na- Gjuttn Eliza- val Ordnance, to a„ tut to Death ons, as a i'lrate. -o,, ,;, «„,„: ' Oy the apani- Tjrake, in the mean time, altogether ignorant ofO.vfz/Z'^yw'sAdven- aids. turc, (et Sail, in ''December I'iJj, ixowiPlimouth on his intcndedVoyage ,^ '^" ■ • for the South-Sea, with five Ships and u hundred fixty three Sea- cceds o/Ls men, and in five and twenty Days came off of Cape Cant in in Bar- ''">"?«"' the bary, from whence proceeding to the Cape Verde Iflands, he took S°"'^"^^'' in Rcfrclhmenrs at the Iflc of May, and thence went over to St. 'Jago, the principal of thofe Iflands, where he fcized a Portii- gitefe Ship laden with Wine, which he brought off with him, and dilmiifmg her Company retained the Maflcr of her, in order to make ufe of him for a Pilot on the Coafl:s of Brajil, with which he found him to be well acquainted. Thence fetting Sail on his Voyage, he paflcd by Fuego and Brava, the two Southermofl: of thole Iflands, and crolfing the iIiquinod:ial Line, he, after having been fifty five Days without feeing Land, arrived in Sight of Brafil. Coafling a- Jcng that Country he came to the Mouth of Rio de la Plata, and Y V thence 34^ Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. thence proceeding Southward arrived at the Port of St. JuliaUy where he found a Gibbet eredied, as was fuppofed by Alagellan for the Puniiliraent of Mutineers ; at which Place having occafion to a- nimadvert upon John ^Doughty^ a (lout Seaman, but mutinous and turbulent, (who was the next in Command to himfelf) he brought Dou°h- ^'°^ '•^ ^^^ Trial, and being by a Jury of twelve Perfons condemned ty lehi^l'^L to Death, he was there beheaded. Profccuting his Voyage from hence he arrived fome time after with three Ships (for the two lead he had before turned adrift in the Streights o^ Magellan., which having pafled, after a difficult Navigation of {\x- Drake MOT« ^^^^ Days, he came out into the great South-Sea, where meeting s"o'uth-Sea. with vcry tempeftuous Weather, he was forced back to the Weft- ward near a hundred Leagues, and his Ships feparated, one whereof, commanded by John IVinter, returned through the Streighr, and ar- rived fafe in England, being the firft Ship that ever came back that Way. Drake, with his fmgle Ship was driven into S5 Degrees of South Latitude, from whence, with great Difficulty, he got up a- gain into the Heighth of the Streighr, and proceeded thence along the Coaft of Chili to the Ifland Moucha, where he had Intelligence from an Indian, who took our Men for Spaniards, that a large Spanijh Ship lay loaden at Val Taraifo, and failing rhirher in fcarch thereof, the Spaniards on board, liippofing the Englijh coming to- ward them to be fome of their own Countrymen, beat their Drums, and drinking full Cups to them, received them with all Teflimonies of Joy ; but the Englijh, clapping them on board, immediately thruft them under the Hatches, and poflefled theml'clves of the Ship ; 5/. jago M- ^yhicjj done they plundered the neighbouring Town of St. Jago, to- y "^*" gether with the Chapel, the Spoil of which latter, with a generous Juftice, was beftowed on the Chaplain of "Drake's Ship. The Spa- niards he put on fliore, but carried away the Matter with the Ship, wherein was four hundred Pounds Weight oi Baldivian Gold. After this he landed at Tarapafa, where finding a i5^^7;/^r^ afleep upon the fhore, with thirteen Bars of Silver by him, to the Value of four hundred thoufand Ducats, he caufed them to be carried off with- out fo much as waking the Man. Then entering the Port oi Art- ca, he found there three Ships with not a Man on board them, in which were, befides other Merchandizes, fifty feven Wedges of Sil- ver, each weighing twenty Pounds. Hence he proceeded to Lima, Spanifli 5ii;>j the Capital of Teru, where he feized twelve Ships, and in them ^zed at Li- gj.g^^ Quantities of Silk, with a Cheft full of coined Money, but they had not fo much as a Boy on board any one of them, fo great was the Security on thofe Coafts, where, by reafou of their great Diftance and Remotenefs from Europe, they feared no Enemies ; nor indeed had ever any one but Magellan, before Drake, naviga- ted thofe Seas, except the Spaniards themfelves, who built there all the Ships they had in thole Parts. Having fet thefe Ships adrift, he, with all the Sail he could make, gave Chace to the Cacofogo, a very rich Ship, which he undcrftood had lately failed from thence for 'Panama, and by the Way met with a Brigantine, cut of which he took eighty Pound Weight of Gold, Chap.XVU. RiiinoftheKom.£?/ipire. 3^7 Gold, a CiLicifix ot the fame Metal, fofnc Emeralds of a Finger's ^ ipamfli Length, and fbmc Munition. In few Days after he came up with '^"/T^tf^'l the Cacofogo, and Ihooting her Forcmaft by the Board, prelcutly '" ^ made himiclt' Martcr of her, wherein, befidcs Pearls and precious Scones, he took eighty Founds Weight of Gold, thirteen Cheflsfull of Silver coined, and lo great a Quanthty of other Silver as would almoft ierve to ballafl: a Ship. Having removed all this into his ow^n Ship, he let the Cacofogo go, the Maftcr whereof, at parting, is re- ported to have thus merrily bidden him farcwcl ; " We rcfign the " Name of our Ship to yours: Let that for the future be called the " Cacofogo^ thac is, (if the Interpretation oflend not) the Shite- " fire ; and ours the Cacoplata, that is, the Shite- f late. Captain 1)rakc^ continuing his Courfe to the Northward, failed along the Coalt of Mexico, and landing at Agiiatiilco lacked that Town ; and having now made more than liifficient Repriials on the Spaniards for his former LofTcSjrefolved to make rhe beil of his Way to E^jgland, to which he boldly attempted to find a Paffage by North America, jailing to the Latitude of 4Z Degrees on that Coaft, but then meeting with nothing but Severity of Cold, and open Shores covered with Snow, he came back into the Larimde of 38, and there putting into a convenient Harbour in the North Parts of Califor- nia., met with a very kind Reception from rhe Indians inhabiting the fame, who by many figuificant Tokens offered to make him their King. To this Country he thought fit to give the Name of Neiju Albion, and raifing a Pillar put an Inlcription thereon, containing the Date of the Year, the Name of Qijeeu Elizabeth, and their Ar- rival there, and under it lome of the Queen's Coin. Leaving this Coaft, he made Sail to the Weftward, and at length arriving at the Moluccas, he was kindly entertained by the King of q^.j.^ ^.^^.^^ Ternate, one of thofe Iflands; from whence departing, he prolecu- /» /Ac MoI ac- ted his Voyage through thofe dangerous Seas lb befprcad with Iflands "^' '^"f "' and Rocks, where his Ship ftriking upon a blind Rock, ftuck tall for twenty feven Hours, which put all the Company in Dcfpair, but when they had lighten'd her, by throwing over board eight of her Guns, and Ibnie jMcrchandife, a bearing Gale of Wind fortunately took her in the Quarter, and heaved her off. Then couching at y^- ■va, where he received great Civility from one of the Kings of the Ifland, he continued his Courle for the Cape of Good Hofe, and thence to Rio Grande in NegroLiiid, where taking in Water he made the belt of his Way for England, and at length happily arrived at 'Piimouth, from whence he firfl: let out, having in three Years j.gg failed round the Globe, to the great Admiration of all Men. The Drake f<;far»i Queen received Captain 'Drake very gracioufly, and the Ship being ''' ^"Siand. brought round to ''Deptford, was laid up in a Dock there, and con- Jecrated, with great Ceremony, as a Monument of fo iucceisful a Navigation about the World, at which time the Queen honoured the Captain with her Prefence on board at Dinner, and conferr'd up- on him the Dignity of Knighthood. jackmaa and Whilfl: Drake was thus prolperoufly failing round the Globe, Petr ;<«//<> Jaekmaii and Tett^ two noted Pilots, were feut out by forae Mer- f'f/p^fj'!'' Y y X chants 10 Cimu. _^ _ -f . ■ ■ -, 348 Naval TranfaB'tons fince the Book III. chrnts of London, in ic.irch of a PafTagc by the North Eaft, through the Northern Ocean, to China and the Indies, in purluic whereof they iailcd a few Leagues beyond the Streights of IVeygatz, where they met with liich uncertain Tides, lo many Shelves, and fuch Mountains of Ice, that they were prevented from proceeding any farther, and had very much to do to get back again into the main Gilbert 5r« Sea. About this time alio Sn Humphrey Gilbert, a Gentleman of N'^wfounV S*"^^*^ Reputation, and a very enterprizing Genius, fee himlelf about land. planting a Colony in Newfoundland, which we before mentioned to 1 583- have been difcovered by the Cabot s. He Ibid his Eftate for the more effedlual carrying on that Deflgn, but fuffcred lb much by Ship- wrecks, and Want of Provifions, that the Projedt became fruftrate, and he was himlelf, in his Return from that Place to England, un- fortunately drowned. Queen Elizabeth refolving at length to take the States of the United Provinces into her Protcd;ion, thought fit to make a publick 1585. Declaration thereof in the Year ifSf; but well knowing the King of Spain would keep no Meafures with her for the future, that llie might find him Employment abroad, flie lent out Sir Francis Drake, Si'«»Ei!ia- j^Q^y mxdc an Admiral, to the JVejl-Indies, with a Fleet of one and DrlVe'/i- //>« twenty Sail, having above two thouland Land-men on board, un- Weft-lndies. dcr the Command of Chrijlopher Carltjle: Who taking the Cape Verde Illands in their Way, landed in Sr. Jago, and furprizing the chief Town of the fame Name, lacked the Place, and carried off a confiderable Booty: And thence proceeding to Hi/paniola, they W Cm\\l- made themfelves Mailers of the Town of St. Domingo, the Inhabi- gsMtaUniy rants whereof having redeemed it from being burnt, with five and Drake. twenty thoufand Ducats, the Fleet failed over to Gzr^Z^^z^fw//, which, after a Hiort Defence, was alio taken by Storm, and ranfomed for a hundred and ten thouland Ducats, which were Iharcd among the Seamen and Soldiers. The Calenture that raged amongft the Men raking off many of them, the Admiral laid afide his Defign of at- tacking Nombre de Dios, and letting Sail for England, pafTcd be- tween Cuba and Jucatan, and going along the Coaft of Florida., Other Places fcizcd and burnt Sr. Anthonys and St. Helen's, two fmall Towns the '"'■'" ^> Spaniards had abandoned; whence continuing his Courfe along the Ihore, he came to a Colony, Fettled by Sir IValter Raleigh, in a Country, by him called Virginia, in Honour of his Virgin Miftrefs Queen Elizabeth. But the Planters being reduced to a Imall Num- ber, and diftreffed for Want of Provifions, the Admiral at their ear- ned: Requcd, took them on board, with their Governor, Ralph Lane, and brought them Home. Thus concluded this Expedition, the Booty taken from the Enemy being valued at threeicore thou- fand Pound, befides two hundred Pieces of Brafs and Iron Cannon, but with the Lofs of fevcn hundred Men, who all, or moft of them, died of the Calenture. is8j. Whilft thefe things were doing in the torrid Zone, "^ohn Davisy Davis fent to ^jj.]., j-^^q Ships fitted out at the Charge of JVilUam Saunderfon, at- niw^pajfagt tcmptcd to difcovcr a Paffage through the North Weft Parts oiA- to India. merica to the Eajl-Indies, and penetrating as far as to the Latitude of Chap. XVII. Rtdti of the Rom. Empire, 34^ of 66 Degrees, difcovered the Streight which ftilJ bears his Name; u hen returning home full of hopes of perfedling the Difcovery, he went again the next Year, and obtained ibme farther Knowledge of the Seas in thofe Parts ; which encouraged him to undertake a third Voyage, wherein he reached as far as 83 Degrees of North Lati- tude ; but not being able to proceed any farther for the Ice, he re- turned to England. Some time after this, when, upon the putting to Death oi Mary '5^7- Qiieen of Scots y Queen Elizabeth underftood the King oi Spain was making a great Naval Armament againfl; her, ilie lent out Sir Drake ', and in two or three Days Groyne. detached a VefTcl to the Duke oCParma, with Notice of his pro- ceeding fo far, and his Advices to him to be ready with the Troops and Ships he was directed to provide, in order to be wafted over to England under his Protediion, immediately on his Arrival in the Streights of 'Dover. At length the Fleet, after an indifferent PafTage over the Bay of B^fi^Jy arrived, on the nineteenth, in Sight oi England; on which Chap. XVII. Rubi of thcRom Empire. 351 which fame Day the Lord-Adaiiral being informed by CiT^x.zm Flem- rning that the Enemy had entered the Chanel and got the Heighth of the Lizard^ he, though the Wind b!e\v hard into 'Plimouth Sound, got his Ships out to Sea, but not without great Difficulty, and no Icfs Diligence and Induftry, he encouraging the Seamen to labour by his Prefeuce among them, and fetting his own Hands to their Work. The next Day the Euglijh diicover'd the Spariijh TheS^mtxdi Fleet in form of a Half iMoon, (the Pomts whereof were about Ic- '!}]"^Zm£ ven Miles aliinder) coming (lowly up the Chanel, tho' with full Sails, the Ships appearing like lb many floating Caftles, and the O- cean feeming to groan under the Weight of them. The Lord- Ad- miral willingly fuffercd them to pais by him, that fo he might chacc them in the Rear, with all the Advantage of the Wind. The twen- ty firfl: of Jn^y, he lent a Pinnace before him, called the ''Defiance., to denounce War againfl; the Enemy by theDifcharge of all her Guns, The Engiidi which he immediately Icconded from his own Ship the Ark-Royal^ '!"■"'' 'f"^ by thundring flirioufly on one of the Enemy's, commanded by Al- *""'" ^' fhojifo de Leva, which he took to be the Admiral's Ship ; IDrake, Hawkins., and Forbijber at the fame time vigoronfly engaged the Ene- my's fternraofl: Ships under the Condudt oi Recalde y who uied all the Endeavours which a gallant Officer could do to keep his Ships together, bur, in Ipight of all his Efforts, they retreated to the main Body of the Fleet, and at length, his own Ship being very much damaged, he was forced to retire thither himfelf Although the Spaniards were fb briskly charged by the Englijh^ they made a running Fight of it; for our Ships were lb light and nimble, that they found it would be in vain to adt ocherwile, and fo held on their Courfc with all the Speed they could make. The Lord Ad- miral continued to ply them briskly for two Hours together, and then thought fit to defill, becaulc forty of his Ships were abienc, being hardly yet got out of Port. The following Night, a Ship of the Spaniards., called the St. AT^z- therincy being very much dilabled m this Fight, was received into the midfl; of the Fleet in order to be repaired, and a large Bifcayan Ship, commanded by Oquendo, on board which was the Treai'urer of the Fleet, was purpofely let on fire by a "Dutch Gunner who had been ill ufed J but the Flame was happily extinguifhed by fome Ships which came to her Relief; among which a Galleon, com- manded by Don 'Pedro de Valdez, having loft: her Foremaft, by falling foul of another, and the Night being fo dark and (lormy that they could not repair that Damage, Ihe fell into the Hands of Sir Francis Drake, who fent her Captain Priibner to Dartmouth, and left the Money on board her to be plunder'd by his Men. He had been ordered to carry Lights that Night, but being in full Chace of fome German Merchant Ships, which he iiippoled to be Enemies, happened to neglecSt it; which occafioned mofl of the Fleet to lie by all Night, becaulc they could not fee the Lights. Nor did he, or the reft of the Fleet, get up with the Lord- Admiral till the next Evening, who, with only the Bear and the Mary- Rofc, had clofcly followed the Enemy all the preceding Night. This * whole 352 Naval Tratifaclions fince the Book III. whole Day the Span'ijh Admiral (pent in the Difpofition of his Fleer, and, affigning each Ship its Station in Battel, enjoined their refpedtive Commanders to keep the fame on pain of Death; and difpatched another Meffcnger to haften the Duke oiTarmay and to adviic him of his near Approach. The foremention'd Ship oi Oqnendo's being much damaged with the Fire, he removed the Officers, Men and Mony into another, and fee her adrift, loon after which file was taken by the Englijh, and carried into JFeymonth. On the twenty third, by break of Day, the Spaniards racked a- bout, with the Wind at North, towards the Ejiglijh, who prefenrly tacked likewife, and flood to the Weftward, and after fcveral At- tempts on both fides to get the Weather-gage, they came to another Engagement, which was managed with Confufion enough and Va- riety of Succefs. While in one Place the Englijh with undaunted Bravery refcued fome Ships oi London which were encompafTed by the Spaniards^ the Spaniards^ with no lefs Courage in another, de- livered their Vice Admiral Rccalde from the Flands of the Englijh. The great Guns on both fides thundered with extraordinary Fury, but the Shot from the high-built Spanijh Ships flew over the Heads of the Englifl) without doing any Execution, one Mi.Ccck being the on\y Englijhman who fell, while he was bravely fighting againft the Enemy in a fmall VefTel of his own. Bcfides, the EngliJJ) Ships being fb much lefs than the Spanijh, and infinitely more nimble and better Sailors, attacked and retreated as they picafed, while thole of the Enemy lay as certain Butts for the Englijh, againft which they could not well mils their Aim. The twenty fourth of July there was a Ccflation on both fides, and the Lord High Admiral having received a Supply of Powder and Ball, divided his Fleet into four Squadron.s one whereof he com- manded himfelf, the fccond he committed to Sir Francis "Drake, the third to Captain John Flaijvkins, and the fourth to Captain Martin ForbiJIycr, intending to attack the Enemy's Fleet in the Dead of the enfuing Night; but was prevented by a Calm. The twenty fifth, one of the Spanijh Ships, which could not keep up with the reft, fell into the Hands of the Englijh, w-ho had a iliarp Dilpute witli fome of the Spanijh Galeaftcs which attempted to rcfcue her, but treated them fo roughly, that none of thofe Veftcls ever after ventured to engage them. The next Day the Lord Admiral knighted the Lord Thomas Ho'vjard, the Lord Sheffield, Roger To'-jonfend, Capiain Ha-jn kins, and Captain /^tfr^//?7^r, for their good Behaviour; and at a Council of War it was determined not to make any far- ther Attempts upon the Enemy till they fliould be arrived in the Streights of 'Dover, where the Lord Henry Seymour and Sir IFil- Ham JVinter lay in wait for them. The Spanijh Fleet, in the mean time, continued its Courfe up the Chanel, with an eafy Gale at S. W. b. S, the Englijh following clofe at their Heels : And (b far was the Appearance thereof from a- larming the Coafts with any terrible Apprehcnfions, that very many of the young Nobility and Gentry hired Ships at their own Charge, and repaired on board, in great Numbers, to join the Lord High '■ Admiral, I Chap. XVII. Kitin of the Rom. E^npire. 353 Admiral, and iliare in the Honour of dcftroying it. The twenty feventh of "July the Sfan'tjh Fleet came to an Anchor before Calais^ and not tar from rhcm anchored the Englijh Admiral, who by the Accellion of the Ships under the Lord Seymour and Sir William IFinter, had now a liundred and forty Sail, all rtout Ships, tho' the main ftrels of the Engagement lay not upon more than fifteen of them. The Spaniards were now very importunate with the Duke of Tarma to lend out forty Flyboars to their Adiftance, for that cthcrwile, by the Unwieldincfs of their Ship?, they could not en- gage the light and adlivc VcfTels of the Englijh. They alio defired him to ufc all I'pecd in embarking his Army, and be ready to take the firft Opportunity, under their Protection, of landing in England. Bur, bcfiJcs chat his flat bottom'd Boats were become leaky, and that he was not in other relpcdts in that Rcadincfs which had been concerted, he was prevented from complying with thefe Demands by the Ships of Holland and Zealand., which, under the Command of Count y /////// oi NaffdH, continued to block up the Harbours of T>iinktrk and Ne'xfort, the only Ports from whence he could put to Sea. The Day after the two Fleers came to an Anchor, the Lord- Ad- miral, by the Qtieen's Command, Tingled out eight of the worft Firefiips fint Ships, and having bellowed upon them good Plenty of Pitch, Tar, l^^^^f^^^^' and Rofin, and well lined them with Brimjione, and other combu- ftible Matter, he fcnt them before the Wind, in the Dead of the Nighr, under the Conduct of Tonng and 'Frowfc, into the midft of the Spanijh Fleet. Their Approach was no looner difcovered by the Spaniards., and the prodigious Blaze they made, but fufpedting they were filled with Engines of Slaughter, (for many of them having been at the Siege o'l Ant'iverp, had feen the defl:ru6tivc Ma- chines made ufe of there) they fet up a moft hideous Clamour, and immediately cutting their Cables, in a panick Fright put to Sea, with all the Confufion and Precipitancy imaginable. One of the Fleet, a large GaleafTc, having lofl her Rudder, was tofs'd up and down for Ibmc time, and the next Day being flung upon the Sands before Calais-, was taken by Ami as Trejbn, Thomas Gerrard, and Har- vey., after a lliarp and doubtful Diipute, wherein Don Hugo de Mon- cada, the Captain of her, was flaiu, and the Soldiers and Rowers either drowned, or put to the Sword ; and the Ship and Guns, af- ter the Eugliflj had plundered her of a confiderable Qiiantity of Gold, fell to the Governor of Calais. The Spaniards reported, however, that their Admiral, upon the Approach of the Firclhips, made the Signal for weighing Anchor, and ordered that each Ship, afcr the Danger was over, ihould return to her Pod ; and he him- fclf did indeed return, and fired a Gun, as a Signal to the reft tot doing the like ; but the Report thereof was not heard by many, for their Fears had fo dil'pericd them, that fome had got a confiderable way out to Sea, and others among the Shoals on the Coaft oi Flan- ders-., yet thole who heard the Signal endeavoured to come to their Rendezvous off of Graveling., where they were very warmly plied with Shoe by 'Drake and Finner, who were foon fupported by the Z z Lord 354- Naval TranfaB'tons fince the Book III. Lord High Admiral with the reft of the Fleet ; at which time the Span'tjh Captains Leva, Oquerido, Recalde, and feme others, hav- ing, with much ado, got clear of the Shallows, ftood the Brunt of the Englijh Fire, as well as they could, till they were very much Ihatter'd. The Galleon St. Matthew^ commanded by Don 'Diego de Tiementello, coming to the Affiftance of Don Francifco de To- ledo in the St. 'Philip, which had received great Damage from Sey- mour and f Winter's Shot, was taken by 'Peter 'Doufa, one of the 'Dutch Commanders ; and the St. Philip, after having been d: iven almoft as far as OJtend, was feized by forae Ships oi Flujhing. The Englijh Commanders, in general, fhcvved, on all occafions, great Relolution and Bravery, and in this laft Adtion the Lord Henry Seymour, the Lord Thomas Howard, the Lord Sheffield, the Earl of Cumberland, Sir IVilliam JVintcr, Sir Robert Soutlr.z'ell, Sir George Beejton, Sir John Ha'izkins, Captain Ed'v:jard Fcntou, Cap- tain Richard Hawkins, Captain George Ryman, and Captain Robert Crojfe, figualized themfeJves in a very particular manner. The Spaniards having been clofely plied all this Day, would fain have recreated early next Morning through the Screighrs of Dover; but the Wind coming up, with hard Gales, at North Weft, forced them toward the Coaft oi Zealand, whither the Engli/I) fee- ing them haften faft enough to their own Deftrudtion, did not con- tinue to purfue them ; for with that Wind they could not fail being driven among the Shallows and Sands of that Coaft. But the Wind foon coming about to the South- Weft, the Spaniards tacked, and got out of that Danger, and in the Evening a Council of War con- fidered what was to be done, when it was unanimoufly refolved, T/>f Spaniards that, feeing they were in want of many Neceftaries, elpeciaily of rieterminc to Caunon-Ball, that the Ships were very much fhattered, and that they re urn jcme. j^^j ^^^ hopcs of the Dukc o^ Parma s coming out to join them, they fliould return to Spain, North about the Britijh Iflacds ; pur- fuant to which Refolution they made all the Sail they could. The Lord High Admiral, leaving the Lord Henry Seymour with a Squa- dron to aftift the Dutch in blocking up the Duke of Parma in the Ports oi Dunkirk and Newport, purfued the Spanijh Fleet, and kept them in a continual Chace as far as the Firth oi Forth, from whence they kept on their Courle round by the Orkneys, the Wcftern Iflands, and Ireland, and the poor Remains of the Fleer arrived at length in a miferable Condition on the Coafts of Spain, fevcral of the Ships having foundered at Sea, and no leis than ten being call away on the Coaft of Ireland. Thus, in one Month's Time, was brought to Dcftrudtion that for- midable y//7»^<^^, which had been three whole Years in fitting out; the Lofs of the Nobility and Gentry on board whereof was lo great, that there was hardly a Family in Spain but was in Mourning on this occafiou, infomuch that King Philip was forced by Proclama- tion to Ihorten the ufual Time for the fame; as the Romans of old, upon their great Defeat at Canna , found it neceflary to liraic the publick Grief to thirty Days. Mean while, England rcfoundcd with Acclamations of Joy, and all the Protcftant Nations oi Europe par- » ticipated C H A p . X VI I. Rum of the Rom. Epipire. 355 ticiparcd chercin : And the Qiiecn having made a publick Thankl^ giving, with great Solemnity, at St. 'Paul's, applied her lelf to di- ftribute Rewards to the Lord- Admiral, and the Officers and Seamen of the Fleet, for their gallant Behaviour. The next Year the Queen thinking it both more fafe and more 1589, honourable 10 attack the Enemy than cxpedl another AfFauIr from them, gave leave for fitting out a Fleet, which Sir John Morris, a tUet fitted Sir Francis 'Drake, and Ibme others, with exemplary Generofiiy oHtagamfitke and Rcadincls, undertook to defray the Expencc of, with very lit- Sp^"'*'^'^^- tie Charge to her Majefty, except the keeping at Sea a few of her own Ships. The States of Holland willingly embarking in the lame Defign, lent fome Ships to proceed in conjunction with thei'e, and Don Antonio, the abdicated King of ^Portugal, who had retired into England, alio joined them with lome others, well hoping, by the help of this Force, to be reinftatcd in his Kingdom. Scrtiuu; lail from 'Plimoutb they arrived in few Days at the Groyne, where they The Groyne affaulted the Lower Town, and carrying it by Storm, biirnt a great ""emped. Quantity of Ammunition and Provifion which was laid up there for a new Expedition to England. Then they attacked the Upper Town, very difficult of Accefs, and fprung a Mine or two which did confiderable Damage thereto, but a ftrong Body o'i Spaniards ap- proaching to the Relief of the Place, Sir John Norris advanced a- gainft them, and having received their firlt AfTauk , charged them with fuch Fury, that they fled with the utmoft Precipitation, and were flain for three Miles together. Having plundered and burnt all the adjacent Villages, it was thought fit to reimbark the Troops ; and thence the Fleet proceeding to the Coafl: of Portugal, they ihe Fad of were joined in their Paffage by the Earl oi Ejfex. On their Arri- ^-^^'^^ joins the val before Peniche, near the Burlings, the Land-Forces were put a- co'/Zo/poi- fliore, and the Caftle of that Place was prefently furrendered to King tugai. Antonio ; and, upon the Encouragement they received from that Prince, the Troops marched on to Lisbon, but perceiving no Dilpo- fition in the People to declare for him, and being grown fickly, they made the beft of their way to Cafcais, where the Fleet was already arrived, and had reduced that Place. The Admiral having blown Cafcais redu- up part of the Caftle o^ Cafcais, and feized fixty Sail of Ships be- "f'""'^""*- longing to the //^?/j Towns, which were juft arrived there with itJ„. '^' '^' Corn and Naval Stores, received the Troops on board, and let fail homewards ; and having by the way burnt the Town of Vigo, and Vigo burnt, plimdered the adjacent Country, the Fleet fbon arrived in Eng- ""dthecoun- land, with a hundred and fifty Pieces of Cannon taken from the E- "^ f^""^""^- nemy, and a very rich Booty befidcs. Qiiecn Elizabeth having now a happy Experience of the good f j9o- Effcdts of a potent Navy, was pleafed to put the fame on a better The§utenre- and more regular footing than it had ever yet been, affigning the ^'"'^ ^*'' conftant Sum yearly of eight thoufand nine hundred and feventy Pounds for the Repairs thereof About this time the private Ad- venturers in the Nation were grown very numerous, and being en- couraged by having fo rich an Enemy as the Spaniards to deal with, they went out in Swarms to cruifc upon their Shipping. The Z z X Earl 35^ Naval TranfaBions fmce the Book IIL Earl of Cumberland was a noble Adventurer among them, who fail- ing to the Azores Iflands, feized the Town of Fayaly demoliftied the Caftlc, and brought off fifty eight Pieces of Cannon. iS9«. In ifyt the Lord 'Thomas Howard^ fecond Son to the Duke of Norfolky was lent out with a Squadron to intercept the Spanijh Plate Fleet in its Return from America., who repairing for that pur- pofe to the Azores^ had continued for fix Months at Flores, one of thole Iflands, when Don Alphonfo Bajfano^ who was fent out from Spain with fifty three Ships to convoy the Fleet home, came upon the Ergiidi the ^ngl'ijh lb unexpectedly, that the Admiral had much ado to get ruffled by the ^^^ jq ^g^^ ^^^ Sir Rtchurd Greenvtl in the Vice- Admiral Ship, \TJ^Y\oxit.' called the Revenge^ (laying for his Men, which were flraggling a- fliorc, was hcmm'd in by ^t Spanijh Fleet ; with feveral of which he maintain'd a gallant Fight for fifteen Hours, till being himfelf mortally wounded, and his Ship much difabled, he ordered her to be funk ; but the refl: of the Officers, not coulenting thereto, yield- ed her up to the Enemy, on promife of their Lives and Liberties, and Sir Richard was carried on board the Spanijh Admiral, where he died within two Days, with great Commendations from the ve- ry Enemy of his extraordinary Courage and Bravery : But the Ship founder'd fliortly after at Sea, with two hundred Spaniards on board her. The Lord Howard^ who had now with him but five Ships, would have engaged the Enemy, notwithftanding their vaft Superio- rity, had he not been difl!uaded by the other Officers from fo ralh an Undertaking ; lb that he returned homewards, and in his Paf- ^uh Spanirti fagc made amends for the Lofs of the Revenge, by taking feveral S^,;. taken. ^.^^ SpaUljh ShipS. Riman ariA About thc famc time George Riman and James Lancajicr under- Lancaiiery}/ [Qok a Voyagc to the Eaji-fndies, and doubling thc Cape oi Good Eaft Indies. Hope, proceeded to Cape Corientes, where Riman being lofl in a Storm, Lancajter went on to the Comorro Iflands, and thence to Zanzibar, where having winter'd, he continued his Voyage to /»- dia, and by thc way taking fome Veffels belonging to 'Pegu, and ibme Tortuguefe Ships laden with Pepper and Rice, he proceeded to Ceylon, and thence to the Ifle oi Nicubar, near Sumatra, where taking into Confideration that he had but thirty three of his Crew alive, and that his Provifions were grown very fliort, he made the bed of his way homewards ; and having touched at St. Helena for Refrcfliraenrs, was, after leaving that Ifland, carried away by the Trade Winds to the Ifle oiTrinidada, in America, from whence he proceeded to Mona, near Vorto Rico, where going afhore with fome of his Men for Refreihments, their Ship was in the mean time for- ced away by Srrefs of Weather with only feven Peribns on board her, but ueverthelefs got fafe to England with her rich Lading ; and at length Lancajier himfelf, with the reft of his Men, being taken on board by a French Ship, were alfo brought home ; and by the Experience they had learned in this Voyage, firfl: taught their Coun- trymen the Method of Commerce in the Eajt-lndies, and laid the Foundation of that fince mod flouriihing Trade. This lame Year Captain Thomas Cavendijh, already remarkable for his late Voyagc round Chap. X VIL Riuti of the Rom. Empire. 357 round the World, went out with five Ships on another Expedition Cavendiai to the Streights oi MoJiellan^ but being prevented by contrary (^'^ "I' -^"^ trr- 1 1.1 .TT 1 ■? rr \ , ■ "^ . . ■' ^'''lights of Winds and bad Weather from palling the lame, was driven back to Magellan. the CoaHs o? BraJJl, and there died, charging John Travis with his lafl: Brearh with having' treachcroufly dcfcrted him. The next Year the Qiiecn fitted out a Squadron of fifteen Ships 'jp^- under the Command of Sir fValter Raleigh, ordering him, as occa- -^'V Walter fion ihould befl: ferve, either to proceed to America, and feizc on ^/'^'l*^,!'"* Manama, whither the Gold is brought in order to be exported to Spaniards. Europe^ or to intercept the Spanijh Flota after it had taken the fame on board. But he being detained in Port by contrary Winds for three Months together, and the Spaniards having gained fome No- tice of the Dcfign, order was taken that no Ships Ihould fail from jimcrica that Year. Sir Jl^alter had got the Heighth of Cape Fi- nijlerre before he received that Intelligence, and then refblving to return to England himfelf, divided his Ships into two Squadrons, one whereof he committed to Sir Martin Forbi/her, with Orders to cruife on the Coaft of Spain, and the other to Captain John Bur- roughx, fccond Son of the Lord Burroughs, dire(5ting him to pro- ceed to the Azores, and there lie in wait for the TorttigtiefeEaJt- India Carracks, which alfo ufed to touch at thofc Iflands in their way home. Thither Captain Burroughs failing accordingly, found the Earl of Cumberland at Flores with three Ships on the lame Defign, and in a Ihort time the expcdted Carracks arriving, they had ^o good Succefs, that they forced the "Bortuguefe to fet fire to one of vhc Ponu- them, to prevent her tailing into the Hands oi the Englijh, and af- gutfe >re utcb and French Ships that were cruifing in thofe Seas, refblved to attempt Ternambuca a Town upon that Coafl, where he under- ftood a confiderable Treafure was lodged that had been faved from an Eaji-Itidia Carrack, caft away near that Place. Accordingly- making a Dcfcent there, he took the lower Town and the Port by ^"^nt°Lm- Storm, and having maintained it for a Month, in which time he carter/ ^" loaded fifteen Ships with the Cargo of the forefaid Carrack, and o- ther rich Commodities, then quitted the fame, and returned in Safe- ty to England. And now, upon the univerfal Rumour fpread throughout Etirofe., that the Spaniards were about to invade England with a more for- /5'5- midable Fleet than the former, the Queen fitted out two Squadrons, JquJ/ronffit- thc onc to rcmaiu in the Britijh Seas, to withfland the Enemy there, ted out a^atnft gj^j xhc Other defigucd for a Diverfion to them in yimerica, under x^*Spania.ds. ^^^ Command of Sir Francis 'Drake and Sir John Ha-oukins. The former of thefe Squadrons did not keep fo good a look-out, but that 'Don Diego Brocher, with four Spanijh Gallies, arriving at Break of Day in Mount's Bay in Cornwall^ landed Ibme Men, and burnt T^e Spaniards Moufe-hole, NewHn, and Tenzance, with a neighbouring Church, burn Pen- i)m- without fo much as taking or killing a Man; and they were the l^her'pUct. laft Spaniards that ever landed in England as Enemies. The Fleet i» Cornwall, in the mean time, under 'Dr^z^^ and Ha'-jukins, who were joint Ad- mirals, fetting Sail from England, with a Body of Land Forces on board, commanded by Sir Thomas Baskerville, repaired firfl: to Grand Canary, the Chief of the Iflands of that Name, and after a fruirlefs Attempt to reduce the fame, with Intent to have kept it, proceeded to the Ifland Doininica-, where making too long a Stay to build fome Pinnaces, the Spaniards had Notice of their Arrival, and put themfelves every where in a Pofture of Defence : {o that upon their coming before St. Juan de Torto Rico, the Place their Drake and chicf Dcfign was againfl, they found it lb well fecured, that, after Hawkins re- an Aflault or two, wherein they were repuls'd with confiderable ^"^^R-c'l ^°^ Lois, they failed over to Terra Firma, and burnt Rio de la Hacha^ The Lngiifh aud St a. Martha, two confiderable Towns in thofe Parts ; and thence burn R\o de pj-ocecdmg to Kombrc de Dios^ deftroyed that Place likewife with Su^Martha, ^^^ Shipping there, but met not with a Penny of Money in the Town. «?■«. From thence a Body of feven hundred and fifty Land Men marched over-land towards F'anama, but as they were on their Way through fome Defiles they were to pafs, they were fo gauled with Shot from the Woods, and finding befides the Pafs defended by a new eredted Fort, that they made the beft of their Way back to the Fleet ; where Sir Francis Drake being feized with a bloody Flux, what with that Diftemper, and Difcontent at the ill Succels of this Expe- Hawidns and dition, died in few Days, and Sir John Haiz'kins being already de- d'^ k'^^3;>^ ceafed at Torto Rico, the Fleet was left deprived of both its Admi- rals, and made the bed of its Way to England. Near the Ifie of Tines, off of C«^^, they wereattack'd by the SpaniJhYltQiy which had lain in wait for them fome time, but gave them lb warm a Re- ception that the Enemy foon llieer'd off; and the Fleet, at length, after Chap. XVII. Kiiin of the Rom. Empire. 359 h :s/i- n.i- menca y after having been Qvj}\t Monrhs out on tl-.is unr.icccfsful Expcdirion, ^ fi""'? ^^V- recurncd to Englan)i. ^ii!^^'^ In the Beginnin^^ of the fame Year, Sir JValter Raleigh^ who mA Spani- had fallen inro fomc Dili^race with the Queen, on account of auj>,''''f-. , amorous lutriguc he had entcrtain'd too near her Mjjcfty's Pciion, dtr:aki:! in order to recover her Favour by Ibme worthy Exploit, undertook ^''o'^jag' to a Voyage at his own Expence, to Guiana in America, where, luif- *^'"'*"''- guided by the Reports of kvno. Spaniards, he was in Hopes to l'ia\c found great Store of Gold. Repairing firft to Trinidada, he took the chief Town of that Ifland, and there leaving his Ship, wcn.n over with a hundred Men in a few Pinnaces to Guiana, and failed up the great River Oronoque, four hundred Miles into the Country, encountering with infinite Difficulties in his Pallagc, lb that he v.as at length forced to return to Trinidada, without any other Advan- tage than having gained fome Knowledge of the Country. From thence repairing to Ccmana, he burnt that Town, upon the Inhabi- <^'7"i^^i -'"i rants refufing to ranibm it on his Terms, after which letting fire to "Ul^ i^'^"' feveral Cottages at Rio de la Hacba and Sta. Martha, he made icigh. the bcfi; of his Way to England \ and notwithftanding his Difappoinc- ment in this Expedition, made one or two more on the fame DcUgn, tho' the Spaniards had planted a numerous Colony at Trinidada to oppofe his Attempts. About the iame time the Captains Trefton and Sommcrs pillaged the Iflc of 'Porto Santo near Madera, and thence repairing to America, plundered the Ille of Cohe, near Alar- ^^'-'"'^^ ^'''* garita, with th.e Towns of St. Jago de Leon and Coro in Terra lun.h^Tt Firma. And a few Months before, three Ships, fitted out by the i'rtrcon.Som- Earl of Cumberland, under the Command of Captain Cave, failing "^'^''' ^'^' to the Azores, attacked a large 'Tortiiguefe Carrack, called the Five JVonnds ofChriJi, which being fet on fire in the Engagement, was burnt with all her Cargo, and had like to have involved the Englijh that engaged her in the lame Fare. The Reports of the King of Spain s great Preparations ftill con- tinuing, and he hiving by the Acccilion oiCalais, lately taken from the French, and the late unluccelsful Expedition of 'Drake and Haivkins, received fomc Encouragement to renew his Attempts a- gainfl: England and Ireland, the Qiiccn, in order to divert the Storm, thought it proper to attack the Enemy in his own Ports, and to that purpolc fitted out a Fleet of a hundred and twenty fix fy9<5- Men of War, feventeen whereof were her Majefty's own Ships, and 'qtuil'Ja!^ the reft hired, with fcven thoufmd three hundred and fixty Land gimji ihe%':■^- Men on board, the whole under the joint Command of the Earl of "' ^ '/• ""^'^ Effl'x and the Lord High Admiral Hovijard, alfifted by a Council of Howard' War confifting of the Lord Tho?nas Howard, Sir IVaUer Raleigh, Sir Francis Vere, Sir George CaresxJ, and Sir Coniers Clifford. To this Armament the States General added a Squadron of twenty four Ships, under the Command of the Sieur Van Tinven-voord, and the Fleet let Sail from 'Plimouth, with a ical'd Rendezvous (appointed to be at Cadiz) delivered out to each of the Commanders not to be opcn'd till they were part Cape St Vincent. la 3^o NavalTrimfaBioiis fine e the Book III. The Fleet ^ jj^ fg^y Days arriving at Cadiz the Fleet came to an Anchor be- comes to Li- j.^^^ g^ Sebajliaus; whereupon, as foon as the Tide came in, the Spanijh Ships of War ran up to the Tuntal, and the Merchant Ships over to 'Port-Real. A Council of War being held on board the Englifl) Fleer, it was refolved to attack the Enemy with the light- eft and nimblcft Ships, and that the Lord Thomas Hoix;ard., Sir it^al- ter Raleigh, Sir Thomas So7ith\i;ell, Sir Francis Vere, Sir George Carew, and Sir Robert Crofs, with ionie others lliould execute this Service, who couragioufly palTing by the Fire of the Town, bore up towards the Spanijh Shipf, Icveral of which endeavoured to pre- ferve themfelves by Flight, and making the belt of their Way to to the Bottom of the Bay, where the Illand of Cadiz is join'd to the Continent by the Bridge of Suaco, were conveyed by a Machine through a narrow Chanel into the Sea on the South Side of the Ifland, except only two or three of them that were prevented from eicaping by Sir John JVingfield in the Vanguard. However many of the Galleons and Gallics kept their Station at the Tuntal, and received the Broadfides of the Englijh, which they returned for fome time with equal Fury ; but were at length lb lliattcr'd and dilabled, and had fo many Men killed, that the Spaniards thinking them no Spanifti Gal- longer tenable (ct them on fire, with liich Precipitation, that great 'f"^ ""'^ "''^' Multitudes of Men were forced to throw themlelvcs into the Sea, ,es urnt. ^yj^g^g jj^gy j^^^ j^^yg miferably pcriihcd, had they not been gene- roufly relieved and taken up by the Englifl). At the fame time the Spanifl) Admiral called the S\:.ThiHp, a Ship of 1500 Tuns, was blown up by a Moorijh Slave's fetting fire to the Gunpowder, which deftroyed two or three other Ships that lay near. The 'Dutch Pnntai taken bravcly attacked and carried the Fort of 'Tuntal, where the Earl of i ^^'dc^A-^^^' ^If^^ prefently landed with a Body of Troops to attempt the City Till EnV'^li-^ O" ^^^ Land Side, while the Ships Ihouid do the like from the Sea, by whole joint Eflbrts the Town was taken in icw Hours, and the Caftlc (urrendcr'd next Day upon Terms. j %\xJV alter Rakighy the mean while, was ordered to go over with fome of the lightefl: Frigats to Tort-Real., to deflroy the Fleet of Alerchant Ships which had retreated thither, to whom was offered a Ranlbm for them of two Millions of Ducats, but while the Lord Admiral was confulted about it, who refufed to lave them on any x/)e Spaniards Tcrms, the Dukc oi Medina Sidonia., who commanded in thole fetjireto Parts, favcd the Englifl) the Labour, and lit them on fire himfelf, chant Ships. t>y which the King of Spain loft in Shipping, Money, and Provi- fions to the Value of above twenty Millions of Ducats. The Eng- lifl) being now in full PofTefrion of the Town and Caftle of Cadiz, the Earl oi Effex was for maintaining the lame, which he offered to do with only four hundred Men and three Months Provifions, and with him concurred Sir Francis Vere, and the 'Dutch AdimxA'Dn- venvoord\ but the Lord High Admiral, with all the other Com- manders, being utterly averle thereto, after they had plundered the Illand, demolilhcd the Forts, and burnt down feveral Houlcs in the City, the Fleet fet Sail from thence, and repaired to Faro in the Algarve, which Place they found delerted by the Inhabitants. Af- ter 3 J Chap. XVII. Ruin ofthe Rom. Empire. ^61 cer which the Earl of ^/7^x propoled they iliould repair toche^- zorcs, and there wait for the Eaji-India Carracks, but not any ihewed their Conient thereto iave the Lord Thomas Hozvard, and the 'Dutch Admiral, fo that laying that afide, he prevailed with them to repair to the Groyne^ where there was not lo much as a finglc Ship, nt)r in the neighbouring Port oi FerroL He was very earned to have made an Attack neverthelefs on the Groyne, or to have attempted the Span'tjh Ships in the Port of St. Andrew, or St. Sebaffiaus, wherein the 'Dutch agreed with him, but was over- ruled in all thcle Points by the Lord Admiral and the other Officers, fo that the Fleet making the beft of its Way home, arrived in Safety, -^hi pi.^f ^ bringing with them two Galleons and a hundred Brais Guns, with turmhomi. a very rich and valuable Booty befidcs, having deftroyed eleven of the King of Spaius moft fcrviceable Ships of War, forty Indian Merchant Men, and four others, befidcs a vafl: Quantity of Provi- fions andSrorcs both for Sea and Land Service. The Earl o'i Effex believing that at his Return icvcral Objedions might be made to the Condud: of the Expedition, his Lordlhip drew up a Paper, in which he (laced the fame, together with his AnI wers thereunto, the Subftance whereof is as follows, and very much agrees with the foregoini', Account. Objet}ion. That the firfl and principal Thing omitted in the Voyage was, that they did nor endeavour to poffefs them!elves of the Fleet which w^as bound to the Indies^ fince the Loading thereof would not only h.ive defrayed all the Charges of the Expedition, but have enabled the Crown for a long while to have continued the War with Spain. Anfuaer. If I had been followed the firfl: Morning when we came before the Harbour of Cadiz ; or if we had entered the fame on Sunday in the Afternoon, when we were under Sail, and within Can- non-llior ofthe Enemy's Fleer, or after the Ships of War were ta- ken and burnt the next Day: I lay if any Number of our Ships had gone up, as I my lelf urged by Meflage to Sir Arthur Afljeley (who, being Secretary at War, was to record every Man's Services or Omifilons) that Fiect might have been feized without any great Difficulty, for the firfl Morning their Men were not onboard, (as hath been confcfTcd by our Prifoners) nor could they have had time to conlulc what was fitting to be done for their Prefervation. In the Afternoon of the fame Day we fliould have found the Men of War, and the Merchant Ships together, ib that we might have engaged them at the fame time, and defeating the one have pofTelTed ourldves of the other. And even the next Day, prefently after our Succels againll the King's Ships, the others would have been lb con- founded, that we might not only have taken them, with their va- luable Loading, but the Gallie« alio, as our Prifoners, and Captives redeemed out of the faid Gallies, have afliircd us. But the firfl Morning when I was entering into the Harbour, al- moft all the Fleet came to an Anchor by the Point of St. Sebajiian's, a League wide of me, and thereby gave the Enemy an Opportunity of lending Men and all NecefTaries on board their Ships. A a a When, 3(^2 Naval Tranfaciions fince the Book III. When, in the Afreruoon, I was going in, I could not get many Ships to weigh their Anchors, nor would thoic that did \h go in with me; and the next Day I had much ado to make onr Ships fight at all. Nay even when it had plcaied God to give us Victory, neither my Perfuafions, nor Proteftations could prevail with thole who were Sea- Commanders to attempt the Ind'iari Fleer, while we affaiied the Town, ib that the Enemy had almoft ibrty eight Hours time to burn their own Ships. Obje6fion. That we abandoned Cadiz when we were poflcfTed of it, whereas the holding that Place would have been a Nail in the Foot of the Spani/I? Monarchy, and been of great ufc to us in our Wars in thofe Parts. Anfwer. Some of the Sea Commanders, and cfpecially my Col- legue, did not only oppoie that Defign, (whole concurrent Advice , my Inftrud;ions obliged me to follow) but when we came to coa- fider what Force was neceffary to be left there, I was afTured that every Ship complained of Wants, infomuch that there was a general Difcourie of the Neceflity of returning home; and I found I could not have one Ship to remain at Cadiz, and that there was not io much Victuals for the Garrifon as might fuffice them two Months ; wherefore NecefTity, and not Choice, induced me to abandon it. ObjeBion. That we did not continue to lie in the Way of the Car- racks and Ships from the Indies, when we were on the Coaft at the time when it was thought they would return, and confequently the moft: proper for intercepting them. Anf-^er. 1 mud, in the firfl: Place, refer to the Teftimony of ail our Commanders by Sea and Land, whether I did nor, in our Re- turn from Cadiz, when we had doubled Cape St. Vincent, urge the proceeding to the Azores ; and my Reafons for fo doing were thefe. Firft, that we might be more certain of meeting the Spanijh Fleet upon their making the Land, where we were afTurcd they mud touch, than by feeking them in the wide Sea. Secondly, that the Intel- hgence fent from Spain, and Tortngal, fince our being on the Coaft, might meet them araongft the Iflands, and make them alter their dual Courfe from thence, but could hardly find them beyond, and divert them from coming thither : Befides, the Spaniards, after our Action at Cadiz, could not fo much as fufpedt we would pro- ceed from thence to the Iflands. This Counfel being rejedted, I, when we came within Sight of Lisbon, prefl!ed again the lying in wait for them, with a Squadron of Ships to be particularly appointed, and offered, on that condition, to fend home the Land Forces, and all fuch Ships as, either by Want of Provifions, or by other Ailments, were reduced unfit to continue longer abroad. But the Lord Admiral, and then Sir JValter Ra- leigh, proteftcd under their Hands againft the firft Propofal I made : And when we came to the fecoud, viz. what Ships were fit, and which of their Captains content to continue abroad, there was not befides the Squadron of the Low Countries, any more found than the Lord Thomas Howard and my ielf : Infomuch that by the whole Council of War it was determined, that not only what I had pro- i pofed, Chap. XVII. Ki/hi of thcRom.Ef//pirc. ^63 pofed, bur that my Opinion alio, togctiier with that ol" each other Pcrfon, Ihould be attcilcd under his Hand, and that \vc ihould not flay to await the Fleet from the Indies, except the Lord Admiral would conicnt to leave, befides ibmc of the Qtieen's Ships, eight or ten of thofe of the Merchants, which he retlifing to do, that De- fign was frullrarcd. Objctlio-!. That fmcc the cliief of cur Service confided in the ra- king or dcflroying the Spanijh Shipping, and Naval Stores, why did we not look into their principal Ports, and do them all the Mil- chief we were able? Anfu;er. That my End in going to Cadiz, was, not only becaufe it was a principal Port, but the mort likely to be held by us, in Re- gard not only to the Situation and natural Strength thereof, but that alio from thence we might (if lome greater Service did not di- vert us) go to all the Ports betwixt that and the ncthermoft Parts of Bifcay, which fcemcd better to me than to have alarmed the E- ncmy firll in the midft of his Country, or the nearcft Part thereof to ours, in Regard chat by adting in that manner our Attemps would have been more difficult, and our Retreat at laft from thole fartheft Parts lefs i^ik, confidering the Wants, Sicknefs, and other Inconve- nicncics which generally attend Fleets and Armies in long Voyages. Bat after we had done what we could at Cadiz, it was by all our Sea Officers thought a capital Offence \q much as to mention the paffing over the Bar of St. Lucar. Between St. Lv.car and Lisbon there is not any good Port, and from the latter I was reftrained by my Inftrud"ions : Nay though wc had been permitted to have gone thither, yet I found our Seamen of the lame Caft, that Sir Francis "Drake and his Company were, when they loft the Opportunity of taking that Place, not caring to pals by the Caftle of St. Julian. From Lisbon to the Groyn ihcxc is not any Port capable of con- taining cither the King oi' Sj^auis, or other large Shipping; but to tlie latter Place I, at length, prevailed with them, not without great Difficulty, to go, having both vowed and protefted againft; their Rc- fufal, and even parted Company with them when they offered to hold on their Courle ; but when we came to the Mouth of theFiar- bour, and lent in fomc fraall Vcflcis, wc could not difcover any thing there, nor at Ferrol, for in that Port we alio looked. After this wc held our laft Council, and then I urged going to S)t.ylndre-Ji;'s'Paffage, Sz. SebaJ/ians, and all the principal Ports along thcCoaft, but the Lord Admiral ablblutely refufed going farther, com- plaining of Wants, and rcprelcnting the Danger of being embayed, with many other Inconveniencies, in which opinion S'\x ff^alter Ra- leigh conllrmed him, To that both of them fceraed defirous to have the Honour of fruftrating the Dcfign ; and as to our landing at the Groytiy and attempting the Town, they would by no means hear of it, bur every one prelcntly cry'd out, let us make Sail homewards, fince which time they have uled luch Speed, that by my endeavour- ing to bring with me the St. Andres; taken at Cadiz, and the Fly- boat with our Artillery, I have loft Company with them all, cx- A a a 2, ccpt 3^4 NavalT7'a7ifatYtons fine e the Book III. cept Monfieur '\Djivenvoord and his Squadron, aud fome finall Ships. To revenge thcfc LofTes fuftained in the foremention'd Expedi-' tion, and recover his ruined Credit, the King of Spain afTembHng The King of his Ships from all Parts to Lisbon, there he prepared his Fleer, and Spain a/fw- fai^jna up all the foreign Ships in his Kinsdom, embarked a Body Uti hi! Fleet ,, ^ ' ., i t- • i -ki \ c T ' ft r ■■ i at Lisbon, of- nevv lailcd Forces, with a great Number ot Irtjh Fugitives, at the ^«' Port oi Ferrol, in order to tranrport them to Ireland and England-, 7dT ifrn'Tii ^^^ '" '^'^^''' ^^'^y ^'^^y ^^'^""^ furprized with fo violent a Tempeft as atsea. ' ' deftroyed the greatell part of the Ships, and put an end for the prelenc to the Defign. iy97. The next Year the Qiieen, upon frcfli Advices of the Continuance of the King of Spain's Preparations againft Ireland, had recourlc to her uiual Pradlice of finding him Employment at home, and to that purpofc fitted out a Fleet of forty Ships of War, with fcvenry vidu- ailing Ships and Tenders to accompany them, and a confiderable Body of Land-Forces on board, to which the States adding ten Men A Fleet of of War under the Sieur Van T>uvini;oord, the whole was divided into Dutch shit! three Squadron?, the firfl: under the Command of the Earl ofEfex, fitted out ur.~ \vho was General and Commander in Chief in this Expedition, the ^"''^^^^yf^C' /econd under the Lord Thomas Howard, and the third under Sir Walter Raleigh. The Defign in View was firfl: to furprize the Spantjh Ships in the s Harbours of the Groyne and Ferrol, and then to intercept the In- dian Fleet at the Azores. And accordingly the Fleer, after having liaffercd one or two Repulics by bad Weather, repaired to the Spa- nifh Coafis, but by their hovering near the Shore oi Afiurias , in- flead of running in diredly to Ferrol and the Groyne , the Enemy were forewarned of their Approach, and had fo much time to pre- pare for rhcir Defence, that, in a Council of War, the Execution of imprafihahie the fiift Dcfigu was chought imprad:icab!c, and they came to a Re- to attempt the folutjon to ptocccd to x\\ to give the Lord General Advice thereof, who in a Day or two after joining them off of Terccra, took a View of the Enemy, and find- ing them in a very advanragcous Simarion, with their Ships drawn up dole under the Forts, came to a Reiolution not to make any Attempt on them, and returned with the Fleet to St. Michael's; imprafiUable where intending to make a Defccnt, and attack Ciudad, the chief ""'"'''"/'"*' Town of the Ifland, he went out himfclf in a Boat to difcover a Terc'e^r,? "' convenient Landing Place, but found all things there alfo To well prepared for his Reception, that that Defign was likewife judged im- pra(5ticable. However, leaving Raleigh with fbme Ships to amufe the Enemy at that Place, he went himfclf with the reft to Villa Franca, a Town about fix Miles diftant, which he furprized and EflTcx takes plundered. V.lla Franca. In the mean while Raleigh difcovered at Sea an Eafl India Car- rack, the Commander whereof perceiving, by the firing of Guns on board one of the T^ntch Ships, ihat an Enemy was near, and pre- fenrly after difcoveriug the Ships which lay in wait for her, vio- lently ran her afliore juft under the Town , where her Cargo being rZ-e Spaniards with all Expedition thrown out, flie was let on fire, and burnt for '"". " "'^ two Days together. So that F"ortune fceming to declare herlclf a- gainft the Englijh by fo many Dilappointments in this Expedition, they refolvcd to make the bcft of their way home, and letting fail accordingly from St. Michael's,, they three Days after met with a violent Storm, which difperfed the Fleet for feveral Days. About the fame time the Span'ijh Fleet which lay at Ferrol, having put from thence for the Coaft of England, was cncouutred by the fame Storm, which handled them very roughly, fb that they loft feveral Spanirti shipi of their Ships, and one of them was forced by Strefs of Weather '"/''""^''"■w. into 3^6 NavalTranfaEiions Ji7ice the Book III. \k\\.o "Dart mouthy with her Men almoft tamilhcd, who reported that the Enemy's Dcfign was ro have Ibized iome Port in Cortrji'ally and maintained the lame, to find the ^//^/i/^ Divcrfion at home, and fa- cilitate their Conveyance ofSuccours ixovaSpain zolreland^ by hav- ing an Harbour to retreat to in cale of bad Weather. Our Fleet, The Fleet ar- hovvcver, about the End of O&ober arrived in England in a much rivet m Eng- better Condition, without having loft fo much as one of its Num- '"''' ber, tho' fomewhat Ihattercd and difabled by having been out ib late in the Year. 1J9S. The following Year the Earl of Cumberland, having fitted out eleven Ships at his own Expence, failed with them to the Coafts of Tortitgal, with dcfign to intercept the Eajl-India Carracks bound out from Lisbon ; but the Enemy, upon notice of his lying ofF the Coaft, determined to lofe their Voyage, and not go out rill next Seaibn ; of which he having Intelligence, thought it would be to no purpole to wait for them, and therefore made the beft of his EariofCwm- way to the Canaries, where he took and plundered the Ifland and berland '"^'^ Xown of Lanccrota ; from whence he made fail iox. America, and an/procceJs arriving at the Illand 'Porto Rico, landed fome Men, and attacking ro America. thcTovvn, ioon madc himfelf Mafter of it, with thcLofs of not above K.^ r!co ^°^' thirty of his Men, tho' there were in the Place a Garrifon of four hundred Soldiers, befides the Inhabitants. Being poflefTed of this Town and Port, he intended, on account of its convenient Situation, to have made it his Scat of War, and from thence to have cruifed againft the Enemy, and with that View turned out all the Inhabitants, not- withftanding the vaft OfTers of Gold and Silver Plate they made for their Continuance. But, after about forty Days Stay there, the s'lcknifs of his bloody Flux and other Diftempers carried off inch great Numbers of ^h"ta!-Fof his Men, that he was forced to quit the fame, and returned to Eng- Cu'uberiand land \\\t\\ morc Glory than Wealth, bringing with him above fixty te return. Pieccs of Btals CaunoH. Soon after this Queen Elizabeth, for the Increafc of Trade and Improvement of Navigation, erediing znEaJi-India Company, they 1600. in the Year 1600 lent out three Ships to that Country, under the bcurcr^is a» ^^"'^"^ ^^ J^^^s Lancajtcr , whom we have already mentioned E.iiMndia as the firft Englijhman who made a Trading Voyage to thole Parts. comfarf^. Thithct thc Company continued to fend Ships every Year, and in a fhort time eftablilhed feveral Fadiories in the Mogul's, Empire, in both the Teninfulas of India, and in Sumatra, Java, China, and Japan. 1601. ThcSpaniards having about this time brought romcGalliesto»y/»)'j", in order to cruiic from thence chiefly againft the ^^^/s which were to join in this Service, but hav- ing expedted tl:cni fcveral Days in vain, he rr.ade the beft of his way after Sir Richard Levijoji, who in the mean time having fal- len in with the Spani/h Flota, from America, confiding of thirty Levifon ««- eight Sail, had bravely engaged them with his few Ships, though as ^"^'^ ''"^ ^P*' it happened without EfTedt. Upon Sir JVilliam Alonfon's joining "'* ^'°'*' him, they continued for fcven Days cruifing on the Coafl: of 'Por- tugal, and there receiving Intelligence that a large Carrack was juft arrived at Cezimbra, near St. "Vbc's, and that there were eleven Gallies in the iame Harbour, (three of them Tortuguefe, and the reft bound iov Flanders, under the Command oi Frederick Spinola, to cruife againft the T)utch) Sir Richard Levifon took aRefolutioa of attacking them, and entering the Harbour, came to an Anchor before the Gallies, which having cannonaded very furiouHy for le- ven Hours together, they, unable to hold it out any longer, uled t/j^ Enem'^'s all their Endeavours to efcape, but two of them were taken and *^'''':'" "*" burnt, with a great Quantity of Gunpowder on board, and the reft, ztmbra"' much dilabled, made a ihift to get round to Lisbon. Hereupon the Admiral lent a Meffage to the Commander of the Carrack, wil- ling him immediately to liirrender the Ship, Guns, and Cargo, if he The Engiiih expected any Mercy, which, after two or three Parleys, he con- '''^'^ " ''"* Tented to do, and the Englifh triumphantly failed home with their "'^'^"'^ ' Prize, valued at a Million of Ducats. Sir IVilliam Monfon was prelently fent out again to remain on the Spanijh CodAs till the middle of the Winter, for preventing any Attempts from thence on Ireland, about which time Spinola, with his eight Gallies which had cfcaped from Cez,imbra, making the beft of his way for Flanders, arrived near the Streights of "Dover, where Sir Robert Manfel, with ibme of her Majefty's Ships, was cruifing off the South Foreland to intercept him, as were alio fome Dutch Ships on the French and Flemifl? Coafts with the like Defign, who falling in with the Enemy near the Goodwin, attacked them with fuch Succefs, that, out of the eight Gallies, only that commanded The Spanifh by Spinola himfclf cfcaped to Dunkirk, the reft being all either '^""''^ '"*''' funk in the Engagement, or loft on the Coaft oi Flanders. Shortly after. Death put an end to this long and happy Reign of 1603. Queen Elizabeth, who, by thele many great Exploits performed S^'^" ^''"" under her Influence, railed the Nation's Glory to the higheft Pitch "^^ '"' it ever before reached, and fully made good the Titles beftowed oa her in the Beginning of her Reign, that Ihe was the Reftorer of Na- val Glory, and the Miftrefs of the Ocean. C HAP. 3^8 Naval TraiifaB'ions fwce the Book III. C H A 1'. XVIII. Of the Naval Tranfaclions of the Englirti, from the Begm- ninz^ of the Retgn of Kiyig James I. to the breaking out of the fir Jl Dutch I'Var m i6jz. During the pacifick Government of King James I. there hap- pened but httlc remarkable at Sea. The Tranquillity of the Englifli/)- limes, however, afforded Lcifure and Opportunity for Icttling the reign pianta- Plantations in Virginia, New England, and the Ifle oi Bermudas, T"Kmf'^ which, tho' ibme^Plantcrs had been tranl'portcd thither in the late James." Reign, wcre never thoroughly fettled and eftablilhcd till now. And the King, tho' fuch a Lover of Peace, did not omit to provide a- gainfl a War, by taking the prudent Care to build fo many Ships as increafed the Royal Navy, (then indeed a fmall one) to almoft dou- addedto the ^^^ ^^^ Number it was on his Acceffion to the Crown, as we have Royal Navy ellewhcre obfervcd. by hm^ In 1617 Sir Walter Raleigh, who had lain long in the Tower, on account of a Confpiracy in the Beginning of this Reign, got Ibme Propofals laid before the King concerning the Difcovery of Gold Mines m Guiana, whereupon he obtained his Enlargement to go in fcarch thereof, and feveral private Gentlemen embarking in the De- Raieigh/>ra- fign, a Fleet of twelve Ships was fitted out at their joint Charge, ceedi with a ^^,|j.j^ which Raleigh arriving at Trinidada idand, after a long and Guiana. troubleiome Pailage, found the Spaniards in thole Parts fully ap- prized of his coming, and provided for their Defence ; King James having at the fame time he granted him his CommifTion, communi- jK/»^ James cated the Projed: to the Spa7tijh Amb-iHador Count Gondamore, iSih-l'n^'ig'n ^^'h°' doubtlefs, did not fiil to difpatch Advice thereof to his Ma- fter. Neverthelcfs S\r Walter Raleigh, being himfelf ill of a dan- I gerous Sicknef?, and therefore remaining at Trinidada, lent the five lighted of his Ships up the River Oronoque in fearch of the Mines, under the Condudt of Captain Keymijh, who arriving at the Town of St. Thomas, near which the Mines lay, found the Paflages there- to fo difficult, and fo well lined with Spaniards and Indians , who fired thick upon him, that he was forced to give over the Enter- prize, and return without performing any thing but plundering and The To-vn of burning the Town of St. Thomas, which the Spaniards (not being 5/. Thom.is numerous enough to defend both that and the Mines) had delertcd : pun ere . ^^^^ ^^p^^^ j^-^ Arrival at Trinidada, Sir Walter Raleigh made the bed of his way home from this unfuccefsful Expedition ; which the Spanifh AmbafTador fo aggravated to the King, as an Infringement of the Peace and Amity between the two Crowns, (tho' certainly the King's granting the Commifiion was every whit as much fo) that the unfortunate Gentleman was called up to the former Sentence of Death parted upon him for the aforefaid Confpiracy, (altho' the Com- miflion, granted after, it could not but raoft effcdiualiy invalidate the 5 fame) Chap XVI it. Ri/iji of theKom. Empire, ^69 — ■ ■ ■ .-I — ii ■....— I I .1 — — -- ■ ■ ■ I - a n , lame) and was iacrificed upon the Scaffold to the Refcntments of the Raleigh «x«- Km^ of Spain. """'■ Count Gondomar^ that Prince's AmbafTador in England^ had now gained lo great an Afcendant at our Court, that, at his Sollicitatiou"?^ there was fitted out a Fleet for the Mediterranean, under the Com- ^r,^o. mand of Sir Robert Alanfel, to humble the Alger me s , who much ''''" Robert infefted the Sj^amards. Which Fleet did accordingly lail to Algier^ "^a^^'lTl iTe but meeting with little or no Succefs there, ioon returned home, Aigsrines. and the Algerines took the next Year about five and thirty Engiijh and Scotch Ships. Shortly atter this the Evglifl) fuffcred a worfe Treatment from the i6ii. 'Dutch 2iZ Amboina, in x\\& Eajt-Indies^ where, under pretence of a Plot formed by the Engiijh Factory, to expel them the Ifland, (though we had but twenty Men upon it, and they above two hun- dred Garrilbn Soldiers in the Caftlc, and eight Ships riding in the Road) they put them to the mofl: exquifire Tortures, thereby to '^^' ^"f* force them to a ConfelTlon of this pretended Conipiracy, which il^haruf' yet they were not able to do. Ten of them having expired on the ronfyatAm- Rack with Protellations of their Innocency, the reft, who (iirvived °°'"*" their Torments, had the favour to be tranfportcd to other of the Engiijh Plantations in thofe Parts, and the 'Dutch obtaining their End, engroffcd into their Hands the whole Trade of the Ifland, which they hive ever fmcc enjoyed. King James a little before his Death (which happened in i^i^) i6ij. in a Treaty which he made wich France^ engaged to lend the French King fome Ships to be employed agiinll the King oi Spain, or his Allies in Italy. To comply with this Agreement, King Charles, on his AccclFion to the Throne, fent Cx\>XMn John 'Pennington ^^^^'^'^^f.^^n with hisMajefty's Ship the Vanguard, and (\x hired Merchant Ships ('"JJ^'^'^' f^ over to the Coaft of France, to be employed in the French Ser- France. vice. But the French King being horly engaged in a War with his Protcftant Subjcifls, now intended to make ulc of them for the Re- 6v\(X\oi\ of Rochellc \ which "Pennington becoming lenfible of, im- mediately wrote Advice thereof to the Duke of Buckingham, then Lord High Admiral, and defircd to decline lo odious a Service, and that he might have leave to return to England; whereupon his Orders were more ftrongly enforced, and left the Lord High Admi- ral's fliould not be thought fulTicient, the King himfelf figned an Order to him to e;npIoy the Ships on fuch Service as his Mofl: Chviftian Majefty Hiould diied ; from whom at the fame time he received a Letter, requiring him to take on boad a Number of French Soldiers, with his Admiral the Duke de Montmorency, and repair before Rochelle. This Captain 'P^/////;/^/<7w, with a true E ng I i/h Pcnnmgton, Heart, bravely vefufcd to do ; whereupon the French Officer who had ^"^'''"A^^'ll conveyed the Orders to him, came on boaid the Vanguard to pro- /crveagainji teft againft him as a Rebel to his King and Country ; and not con- '^«Rochel- tented with having once done it, returned a fecond time to enforce ^^^' his Protcftation with Threats and Menaces, at which the Seamen were fo enraged, that, in a violent Fury and Tumult, they weighed Anchor, and let fail, crying, Thej/ "juould rather be hanged at home, B b b than Wimbledon. 370 Naval TranfaBions fmce the Book III. than be Slaves to the French, a7id fight aga'inji their otion Reli- gion \ and accordingly returned to the 1)oiiuns. The Captain fend- ing an Exprefs to Court with Advice of his Proceedings, immedi- ately received a pofitive Order under the King's Sign Manual to re- turn and deliver up the Ships into the Hands of a French Officer at 'Dieppe^ which he was at length forced to comply with, but quit- ted the Command himfclf, as all the Englijhmen, both Officers and Seamen except one, did their Ships, and returned to England. So hard is it for the honeft Englijh Sailor to be made fublervient to Po- pilh Interefts. The fcandalous Treatment the late King had receiv'd from the Spaniards, relating to the Match and the Palatinate, had, notwith- ftanding all his Inclinations to Peace, enforced him, a little before his Death, to refolve on aWar with Spain. In profccution where- K\ng c.h^iles of, King Charles, upon his coming to the Crown, fitted out a Fleet ^tJmfi "tHe" f°^ ^'^ Expedition againd: that Kingdom. The Command thereof, in- Spaniards, ftead of being bellowed on Sir Robert Manfel, an old and experi- under^:heLord Q^(.^^ Seaman, and Vicc- Admiral oi England, was given to S\y Ed- ward Cecil, a Soldier trained in the Low-Country War?, who, for the Honour of the Entcrprize, was created Vifcount Wimbledon ; and agreeable to the Choice of the General was the Succcfs of rhis Expedition. His Fleet confided of eighty Sail, of which Number fome were Ships of the States- General ; and the Earls of Ejfex and Denbigh were his Vice and Rear- Admirals; with which fetting fail from Tlimouth, when he was got lomc few Leagues at Sea, he was encounter'd with a violent Storm, which difperitd the Fleet, fo that they were many Days before they got together at their appointed The Englifii Rendezvouz off Cape St. Vincent. From thence proceeding to the Bay oi Cadiz, they found there, near the T'lintal, fourteen great Ships, and twelve Gallies, which, through Neglcd: and Mifmanage- ment, they lufTered to eicape ; for though the Earl of Ejfex, pur- fuant to the General's Orders, did very refolutely and bravely at- tack them, yet the reft of the Fleet not coming up timely to his Affiflance, the Spanijh Ships, after having given the E.irl a warm Salute or two, retired over to Port Real : To which Place it was not thought fit to follow them, whether through the Ignorance of the Pilots, or Unskilfulnefs of the General, is hard to determine. So that failing in this Enterprize, they attacked the CaQle of 'Fun- tal, and, with the Lois of a great many Men, made a iliifc to at- chieve the Rcdudtion of that Place : After which having made fbrae ineffectual Efforts againlt the Town of Cadiz, the Troops were re- imbarked, and the Fleet let fail for Cape St. Vincent, to cruile in the Offing of that Place for the Flota from America, where having waited for Ibme time in vain, the Men began to grow very fickly ; when, to compleat the Miicarriages of this Expedition, the fick Men were diflributed through the whole Fleet, two to each Ship, by which means the Sicknels was increalcd to fuch a degree, that there The Tleit tn- yyere Icarcc Hands enough left to carry the Fleet home, which in ^turni* "' ^li6 Month of 'December returned irglorioufly to England. and Dutch arrive at Ci diz. Puntal Cajlle taken. The 4 Chap. XVII I. Rtfin oftheRom. Empire. 37 1 The forcmcnri(Mi'd delivering up oi' the Ships under Captain ■?£>«- vington ro the French, was lo highly diftaftetul to the People of England^ and uiade them fo jealous of the Court, that it was thought The Engiifh fir, when it was publickiy known they had been employed againrt: J^'^^"' ''" the Rochellers, to exclaim againft that Proceeding as a Collufion of ,7p'"/nce.'^* the Treaty whereby they were lent, and to demand the immediate Rcrticurion of them ; w hich the French King excufing himielf from complying with at prelenr, on pretence that his Subjedts by whom they were manned would not now quit them, when they were on immediate Service, the Lord High Admiral ilTued out CommifTicns of Reprizal, whereby the St. 'Peter oi Havre de Grace was taken with other French Merchant Ships : Whereupon the French King not only ablblurely refufcd to rcllore the fcven Ships, but ieized on jht French all the Engiilh Merchants EfFed:s throughout his Dominions. How- "!»[' "> '•«- ever, for jome Pvcaibns of Stare, thele Breaches were patched ^"^"anlTel-e'lht for a while, and mutual Rcftirution made on both fides, till foon EngiiQi £/- after, upon the Dilhiiirion of the Qiieen's French Servants, an open -^'"''■^'• Rupture cnlucd, by the French King's leizing a hundred and twenty Engiini Mer. Engi'ijh Merchant Ships in the jeveral Ports and Rivers of his King- '^''/"" ^^'f' dom, which was immediately followed by a Declaration of War on p'g^ch.^ our fide. The Grounds thereof, among others, were the French England de- Kin"'s Breach of his Articles with his Froteftant Subjecfts, and his block- '^"'' [f'"' "" L-T- r^ i jr ijur f,"^^wen'ai ^^- ^^^'^'»'s> (the chicf Place of the Ifland) to the Number of a- Mcw/'^ hour two hundred Horfe, and a thouiand Foot, attacked them, and the Cavalry charging with great Fierccncfs before the Englijh were formed, put them in no imali Diibrder, inlbmuch that many in the Rear were drowned; but at length, by the gallant Behaviour of our Officers, they rallied, and killed about a hundred of the Enem)'s Hori'e. Their Foot Iceing the Cavalry had lufTcrcd, came on very unwillingly, and after they had flood two or three Vollies of Shot, and received fome Damage from our Pike-Men, they betook them- Iclves to flight, and left our Troops Maftcrs of the Ground, but with the Lois of iome of our bravclt Commanders. TheEngViii, That Night the Horie began to diicmbark, and the Foot were bu- Hor[e dijem- ^gj jj., making Rctrenchmenrs, that fo they might be the better a- ble to maintam the Giound they had gotten; but had the Enemy been as difcreet as they at firlt Ihjwed themfelves valiant, we fliould The Untm'j DOt lo cafily havc made good our landing ; for had they began to did not attack charge with their Foot, and received our firft Fire, and then have as t eyoug r. £^^^^^^ ^^ ^^.j^l^ ^j^^jj. i^orlc, thcy would doubtlcfs have done much more Damaj,< ; but, to our great good Fortune, it happened other- wife, occafioned, as it was laid, by a DifTenfion among themfelves; for Monficur Tohas, Governor of the Ifland, having promifed the Baron St yindrew the Honour of the firft Charge, he aftervAards gave it to his own Brother, whereat, it is faid, the Baron being much dilcontented, would not charge at all, nor fufflr his Troops to fe- cond the Van ; but a much greater Mifcarriage happened on our fide ; for had our Troops, w hilc the Enemy were in this Confufion, followed them immediately, there was good reafon to believe they might have foon made themfelves Matters of St. Marr/Vs, which was very indifferently provided for Defence ; but inflead of that, T*«Englifli five Days were fpent to no purpofe e'er they marched from their ^mytme t7 Camp, during w hich time the Enemy had Opportunities of getting provide fcr in Provifious and ftrengthening themfelves. their Dtjence. Xwo Davs attcr the Baron Ambellent came to bury their Dead, of whom the better fort were carry 'd to St. Martiti's ; as for the reft, our Soldiers had Money from him to put them under Ground ; and in the Afrernoon, about three a Clock, the Duke o{ Soubtze DuketfSoM- came from Rochelle with fbme few Gentlemen, and about five hun- from 'ro-"' ^""^^ Soldiers, whereupon our Troops marched out of their Trenches, cheiie. at the Diftance of about three or four Bows Shot, where, it being late, both Horle and Foot quartered that Night. The Engiifli The fifteenth in the Morning our Troops, to avoid the Fort de "a'i'ori!'*''"'^ //« Tree., which was fituated in their dircd way, marched five or fix Miles about on fandy Ground, by which they were very much fatigued. Chap XVIII. Ri/i?i oftheRom. E7/ipirc. 373 fatigued, and thereby an Opportunity was not only loft of taking the iaiil Fort, which the Enemy had then abandoned, but the Advan- tage of fccuring a Rctrear, and they thereby gaining time, repofTefTed thcmiclvcs of ir, and put it into luch a Condition, as enabled them to annoy us very much afterwards. As our Troops pafTeJ alone, all the Villages fubmitted to them ; and they received no Incerrujtion in their March that Day, tho' towards the Evening ibme of the Enemy's Horle appeared upon a diftant Hill, but !„'""/",{"*" did not think, fit to approach. When it was near Night our Troops Englifti. came be:orc sl little Town called la F/otte, into which Place they entered the next Morning early, and Hayed there the beft Part of the Day, when Monfieur Toiras fent a Challenge to fight forty of his Hoii'e againft ihefime Number of ours; but this being done on a challenge purpoleto gain time, it was therefore nor accepted, for the Enemy had ^'^"' *y Toi- bcen very remils in furniihing the Citadel with fufficient Provifions, although they had been adverrizcd of our intended Expedition, not only from England, but by a TJutchman, \\ ho let Sail from Tortf- Tie Enemy mouth at the liime time our Fket diJ, leaden with Powder, Shot, ^•"' ""'"""'/ Prkes, and other warlike Implements, and when rur Ships were ""^ diiperfcd by chafing ievcral ^Dtiitkirkej s, took that Opportunity of gerrii.g into St. hlarthii, five or fix Days before the General ar- rived. On the Approach of the Army to St. Martin'% Monfieur Toiras quieted thcTov, n, and retired into the Citadel, when fome of the Chief of the Place coming with a white Flag to the Duke, and de- firing him to take the Town into his Prored:ion, our Troops march- ed in, upon whom the Enemy fired all Day, but did little or no Harm. ^ The Erglifli A Council of War being called. Sir J ohu Burroughs, who had ^n'f st. Mtr- well vieweii the Ciradcl, aflured the Duke that it was impofllble to "" ^• take it by AlTauIr, and that now to ftarve them was equally diffi- cult; for they h.ui Opportunities of conveying confiderable Qiian- titics of Provifion^ thereinto, between Wednefday the time of our coming to the Illanci, and Tuclday following, when we arrived at St. Martiu's: wherefore he advifed his Grace to pillage the Ifland, and to go to Oleron, or fome other Place where they might have a better Prolpe6t of Succcfs ; but his Advice was not adhered to, for the Duke, befides the Engagement of his Honour, as he pretend- ed, rely'd too much on thoic who flattered him, and promifed ef- fedlually to prevent the Enemy's conveying any Succours into the Fort. The 18''' Sir William Beecher and Mr. Grahme were difpatched BggJ^gJ'J-J^, to England, f) haflcn the Irijh Troops which were defigned for this ,„ England /» Service, together with Money and Provifions; and on the zi'^' Sir ^«A» Infli 'Peregrine Bertie's Regiment was ient to la Flotte, to join with ^'^'^"• Sir Henry S^rye"^, which, together with the Horle, were to main- tain that Place; and our People having landed fome Ordnance, and eiedled a Battery, there was almoft a continual Fire between the Ar- Eng]ifh-»»i ray and the Citadel, for two or three Days, wherein we had the 'J!" i-'ench vvorft;;;^,,. 374- Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. A pretendeti Dejerer came to the Camp. Remilffiefs of the Englldi. Englifli en- trench. A Body of Sea- men landed Irifti Supplies arrive. citadel defres a Parly. The Duke dif- taftful to the Armj. worfl: ; for as our Men lay much cxpofed, fo was it not in our Pow- er to do the Enemy any confidcrable Damage. The 14'"' there was little more done than the burning forae Windmills, in one of which were 30 Musqueteers, who furrcnder'd; and on the xf^, notwirhftanding all our Precautions, three or four Barks loaden with Provifions got in to the Relief of the Citadel, from whence there came a Perion three Days after, who pretended to be a Defcrcer, and defired to be admitted to the Duke. His con- fident Behaviour render'd him fiifpedled, and being iearch'dby ibme of the Duke's Favourites, there was found about him, asthey faid, apoi- fbned Dagger, whereupon being threatened with the Torture, he confefTed that he was lent by the Governor to kill the Engl'ijh Ge- neral; but however the Fatt itfelf was, Monfieur Toiras lent to his Grace, and afTured him that he was altogether ignorant of any fiich Defign. Notwithftanding it had been concluded at a Council of War that it was impoffible to take the Citadel, othervvife than by ftarving the Garri- fon in it, yet in all the time our Troops lay before it, there were not any meailues taken to block them up by a Line of Circumval- lation, bur, inftead thereof, Batteries were raifed before we made our Approaches, io that the PafTage was open for carrying what Provifions they had into the Fort, and to give Intelligence of the Circumftances of our Army. At length, when Necefiity compelled thereunto, our Troops be- gan to entrench the 3"" oi Aiigttji., and two Days after Ibrae of the Pioneers and Soldiers being at Work, between thirty and forty of the Enemy's Horle fally'd our of the Fort upon them, but were re- pulfed with little Lofs on our Side. On the 9''' the Duke cauicd five hundred Seamen to be brought on fhore, and gave the Command of them to Captain fVeedal, with a Commiifion to be Colonel, but they having but little Experience in Land Affiirs, and beiug but ill provided tor annoying the Enemy, or even to defend them!"elve«, it was no marvel they did but little Service. On the l^'^ the French which came with Monfieur Sou- bize, together with Captain Shiigboro-jn, and Captain Tadon, fol- lowing the Diredlions of the Duke, contrary to the Advice of Sir John Burroughs, fell upon the Enemy's Works, but were repulfed with confidcrable Lois. The x'^ of September the Iriflj Supplies arrived under the Com- mand of Sir Ralph Bingly, and Sir Teter Crosby^ and this Day thofe in the Citadel defired a Parley. The Gentleman who came with the Mefiage laid that thofe in the Fort knew of the Arrival of the ad- ditional Troops as foon as we did in the Camp, but the Subjedt of his Errand was not known to any one befidcs the Duke himlelf It was pretended, indeed, that he came to lee a Brother of his who had been taken Prifoner ; and, befides this, there were divers other Mcf- fages part between the Governor and his Grace, with Prefents of Mellons and other Things, inlbmuch.that the Duke grew very dif- taftful to the Officers of the Array, fince he did not think fit to im- part Chap. XVIIl. Ruhi of the PvOm, Empire. 375 part any thing to them, or to permit them to the Speech of any of" the jMefTengers. However, the Governor being alarmed at the Arrival of our Supplies, fent an account thereof to the Fre/icb King his Mailer, who drew his Army towards Rochelle., and by forming, ^'''ench King as it were, a Blockade, made a Shew as if he defigncd to take the iH'^^' T Town, though his real Intentions were to land Men on the Ifland, didie. which was loon after cfFedcd. At jjft the Rochellers declared for the Engltjh, and the Duke of ^°'^''«"'^" "'' Rohan gave Commiffions to raife Forces for Prefervation of the E- Il"f SS"^ did: of Peace lately granted, but violated by the French King;, who on the other hand declared he would obicrve the faid Edidt, and proclaiming the Dukes of Rohan and Soubize Traitors, offered Re^ -D»*.h Defign the Governor pretended to enter into a Treaty to lui render on honourable Terms, and pre- vailed with the Duke to give fafe Conilud: for a MefTenger he was An Engiifh fending to the French King, on condition that an Englijh Gentle- "f^ F'ench man ihould accompany him, and be fuffcred to pafs through France '^[enttTthl into England^ but on their Arrival in the French Camp, the Eng- French King: lijl? Gentleman, contrary to Faich given, was detain'd in Cuftody, V" Ffench while the Frenchman effcdiually performed hi« Errand, and returned to En^iiOi Gen- St. A'lartin's, upon whofe Arrival Monfieur Toiras put an end to the ''"»"»• iliam Treaty. Some Days after Preparations were making for the AfTault of the Fort dc la Tree (which by our Ncglcdt, as hath been already obfcrvcd, the F.ncmy had re-polfefTcd and flrengthencd) and in order thereto levcral Picecs of Ordnance were landed at la Flotte. ^\x Alexander Brett had undertaken this Service, but it was afterwards thought nor convenient to divide the Forces for a matter judged of lb fmallConfcquence, though in cfreit it proved otherwile, for what was •■hus fo much let at nought, proved a fevere Thorn in our Sides e'er the Troops left the Ifland. On the II''' a Bark of forry or fifty Tuns arrived at the Citadel ^'''''"ifions got with Provifions, at which VefTcl about five hundred Shot were to ^"J"'^'^""- no Purpolc fired from the Ships, and loon after Sir John Burroughs !>'>■ John Bui- (a valiant and experienced Commander) was (lain, while he was f°"Shs /<«/». viewing our Works, with whom ended all realbnable Hopes of Succcls. The 17''' Mr. AJh burn ham who had been fent in Company with Toiras's, MefTenger to the French King, (as aforefaid) returning to the Camp, was prcfently difpatched for England^ and two Days af- ter Monfieur St. Serin came to the Army, with whom the Duke at Monfieur St. firft dcny'd to fpcak, and fent him aPrilbner on board of the Ship "^ ""/"'»""' ■I 1: ' r the Lnghlh commanded camp. 37^ ^dval Trarif actions fwcc the Book III. commanded by Captaiu Torter, but rherc he did not long remain, for returning to the Army again, he was eiitercained by his Grace with great Refpcd:. The zo''^ about Break of Day a great Number of Boars were dif- covercd making towards the Cuadcl, but the Alarm being given they put back again, and our Imallcft Ships chafing them, took five load- en with Viduals and warlike Stores. On the 24''' Six HcjiryTal- Provifions, ^c^' arrivcd from England^ with thirteen Ships leaden with Provi- de, arrnt fion?, and Neccflaries for the Army, and two or three Days after from Eng- ^j^^j. f^^j.^ came to rhe Citadel fifteen or fixteen Boats from the Main, ani with at lead two Months Provifions, Powder and Shor, which they Supplies are f^Qod in great need of, for they had not for fifteen Days before fired g^nen into the ^,^ j^^ych as One Shot; and our Soldiers marched to their Guards in open View of them, without running the Hazard even of a Musket Ball ; infbmuch that had not this Supply arrived as it did, they would have been obliged to furrender. And now, to add to our Misfor- tunes, the Soldiers began to tall fick, and the Provifions which came from England were quickly Ipent, or render'd unfit for Men to eat, not but that the Rochellers aflifted them with what they were able. i>rovifion O^ ^hc 1 3''' great Preparations were made for an Aflault, after the made for an Enemy had had but too many Opportunities ot'ftrengthening thcm- ^jfanh. felves; nor would the Duke have been pcrfuadcd from it, if foul Weather had not happened, and this although the Generals, and Field Officers had given it under their Hands that it was a thing altogether impradicable, and withal perluaded him to depart before the Enemy had landed too many Men on the Ifland ; but this their whollbm Advice was anfwcred with Contempt. The xi" his Grace, upon Advice that a Reinforcement for the E- T^e Englifli nemy was landed near the Fort de la 'Tree, ordered the Troops to ordered 10 quit q^jj. j-j^^ Ttcnchcs, and march to oppofe them, which was no iooner ' ' 'I'h^ch ' done but thofe in the Citadel fallicd out, and poirLfTed themfelves of the French them, lo that after our People had had tolerable Succefs, and forced M'{i them- jj^^ French Recruits to retire under the Cover of the Guns of the Fort de la Trde, when they returned to the Camp they were ob- liged to dilpute for the Recovery of the Trenches, and many Men were loft before they could gain them. About the middle of Oflo- ber the Duke held a Council of War, and had Thoughts of return- Soubiie^ff- iiigto England, which the Officers alio advifed; but Soubize ^\{- vaiiiu'iththe luadcd him from it, alledging that the Enemy's Recruits were not Duke not to coufiderablc, that the Earl of Holland was coming from England *^* " ' with a Reinforcement; that a Retreat would occafion the Lois of Rochelle, and bring great Dilhonour to the King, by undertaking inch an Entcrprize to io little purpofe; whereupon the Duke rclolved to The Citadel continue the Siege, and to ftorm the Citadel and Works, which was fiormed to no accordingly done in few Days, wherein after we had loft a confi- {trpoje. tjcrable Number of Men, it was found inaccelTible. Although the Enemy were daily reinforced, yet would not the Duke be perluaded to be gone, even though Sir Ed'-Jiard Ha'-jahys and Major Brett came to him, in the Name of the Council of War, 5 to Chap.XVIIL Ruin of the Rom. E?/ipire. 377 to entreat him to rairch away ; but ibmc of Sir IFilliam Cunning- hanii Horic coming to his Grace, and informing him that they heard great firing on the Main, he commanded the Troops to march, J'-" ^«^-f or- whicli they did, but left feveial fick Men behind, whofe Throats ,r4'arc/E."^^ were inhumanly cut by the Enemy, and their Bodies fent off in a Bark from the Ihore two or three Days after. The great Overfight of not having taken PoffefHon of the Fort over/i^htin de La T^ree, to cover and fecure the Embarcation of the Troops in "ot taking the Cafe of a Retreat, now too vifibly appeared ; for the Enemy being p"^' '* by this time grown io flrong in that Place, and the adjacent Parts of the Ifland where the Duke had landed, that he durfl not venture thither, to have an Enemy both before and behind him, there was now no Place left where the Troops could embark, but the Ifle de I'Oye^ leparatcd from the reft of the Ifland by Salt Pits and alinall Chanel, the Paflagc to which lay over a long and narrow Caulcway. Thi- ther the bukc taking his March, was immediately followed at the Heels by the Enemy, that were equal in Foot, but much lupcrior in Horfe, who well knowing the Advantage they Ihould fbon have of the Englijh when they came to the Caufway, forbore to attack them, though they faced about feveral times, and offered them Battel. But no fooner had the Troops "entered the Caufway than they charged ji^^ French them in the Rear with grear Fury, when the Horie giving way pre/Ted attack the in upon the Foot, and made the Croud fo tumultuous that great ^ngl'^' "» Numbers fell into the Salt- Pits, or periflicd in the Chanel, befides thoic whom the Enemy killed, which were very many. When they had pafll'd the Caufway they drew up, and made a brave Stand againft the puriuing Enemy, who, after afliort Difpute, thought fit to repafs it, and the Englijh having guarded it with fome chofcn Troops all Day, burnt it down at Night, and without any farther Attempts from the Enemy, were the next Day put on board the Fleet; with which the Duke having juft appeared before Rocbelk to fend in a Mefl~age, made the beft of his Way to Eu(^land, having loft fmcc his fiift landing I'l^eLoffa of on the Ifland about fifty Oflicers, near two thoulanJ common Soldi- fhl jplf " ers, five and thirty Priloncrs of Note, and forty ibur Colours, which Rhe. were carried to Taris, and hung up as Trophies in the Cathedral there. And thus ended this Expedition with great Diflionour to the Englijh^ and equal Glory to the French-, but in particular to Mon- fieur Toiras., who for having fo bravely, with a handful of Men, de- fended a fmall Fort (for no other is it, tho' our Journals and Ac- counts dignify it with the Title of a Citadel) againft a numerous Fleet and Army, was not long after advanced to the high Dignity of a Marelchal o^ France. Nothing but a Concurrence of leverai Mifcarriages could have render'd this Attempt in all Points fb inef- fc(9:ual on our Side; and one who was employ 'd in the Expedition fums them up in the following Particulars. I. The Want of timely Supplies of Money. Principal X. The not adhering to the Relblutions at firft taken; for although fiisucce{s''at all the Ships had their fcalcd Rendezvous for St. Martin's, yet was the ijie of it determined, when the Fleet was at Sea, to goto Bourdcaux \ and '^'^^• although the chiefeft Hopes of Succefs depended on Expedition, yet C c c were \ 378 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. ' C were many Ships ordered to chafe feme which belong'd to 'Dun- kirk, until it was within an Hour of Night, inibmuch that the Fleet was thereby divided, and thole which gave chafe wandered to and fro at leafl: eight Days, not daring to go either to St. Martin's or Bourdeaux, left they fliould be dilcovered, nay even thofe forty which remained in a Body were upon the Point of returning, for Want of iiifficient Provifions for the Soldiers. 3. That before Th''^ and tho' he did not go in Perfon, a Fleet of about fifty Sail were flit to their fitted out, undct Command of the Earl of 'Denbigh, who fet Jjfiftance. Sail therewith from Tlimouth, the fevcntcenth of April, and came ^'^^^^ to an Anchor in the Road of Roche lie thefirft of May. Before the Harbour's Mouth he found twenty of the French King's Ships, to which he was fuperior in Strength, and fent word into the Town that he would fmk them as foon as the Winds and Tide would per- mit ; but being on the eighth of May, favoured both by one and the other, and the Rochellers expe(iting he would do what he had Ht rtturns promifcd, he, without attempting it, returned to F'limouth the twen- without at- fy {^^xhy which cauled no fmall Murmurings and Tealoufies in Eng- t$mfting any 1 j o -' o thing. *«««• A third I Chap.XvIII Fuin of the \^om. Empire. 379 A rhird Fleet \va^ prepared lor rhc Relief ot Rohelle, to be com- manded by the Duke himlelf, the Town being then reduced to the kit Exrremiries, bur he being, on the twenty third oi Anguji, dab- bed ar •Fortjmoutb by one Fclt07i, a difcontenred Officer, the Earl f"^'^°(^^ll' of Lindp:y was apj^ointed to command ir, and fet Sail the eighth of y^d aTi'oxxf- September. The Ships were but ill lupplied with Stores and Provi- mouth. fions, and coming before Rochclk, they found no French Navy to ^ Ro^hdie^ oppole them, but a very ftrong Barricade acrofs the Entry of the with the Earl Port, to force which many brave Attempts were made, but in vain, "f Lindiey. lb that the Rochellers bemg thus diftrefTed, and in Defpair, implo- fubrJtTo\he red the Fiench King's Mercy, and lurrender'd on the eighteenth of French xw^. October \ loon after which a Peace enlued between the two Crowns, and the Proteftanrs were glad to lubmit to any Terms, with the bare Toleration of their Religion. But very remarkable it is that our Fleet was no fooner departed from before /^c'f/jt//^, than fb great a Part of the Barricade fell down, as to make an Opening fufficienc ler a large Ship to pals through. Our Reputarou at Sea had fuffered {o much by thefe late Mifcar- riages, that Pirates of all the neighbouring Nariens took the Liber- Pirates of all ty to mfcft the narrow Seas; and the 7)utcb, upon Pretence of^TXy"'. feme Arguments for the Freedom of Navigation, and Community im, seas. of ihe Sea, which the learned Hugo GrofiuSy their Countryman, Grotius had made u!c of in a Treatife beforementioned, ftyled Mare Libe- reTibtum*' raw, began to challenge a Right to the Filhery onourCoafts, which, a^^Seiden' by the Connivance of our Princes, they had been tolerated in the ^" ^^^^ Uie of To retiite thefe Arguments of theirs, and defend that Claim of ours, the famous Mr. Selden was employed by the King, (as we have before obferv'd) to write his excellent Mare Claufuvty where- in he having with great Induftry, Learning, and Judgment, afTcrted the Right of the Crown oi Ev gland to the Dominion of the Bri- t'tjh Seas, the King paid iUch Honour to the Performance, that, ihertly after the Publication, he made an Order in Council that one of tho'e Books ihould be kept in the Council Cheft, another in the Court of Exchequer, and a third in the Court of Admiralty, as a faithful and ftrong Evidence to the Dominion of the Britijh Sea. But more cffcdtually to aflert the lame, a Fleet of fixty ftout Ships i<53<5. 01 War was, the lame Year, fitted out under the Command of Al- gervoon Earl of Northumberland, now made Lord High Admiral, who failing to the Northward, where the ''Dutch Bufles were fiihing on our Coafts, required them to defift, which they not readily do- ing, he fired at them, took and funk feme, and dilperfed the reft ; Dutch fifliing whereupon the 'Dutch lellicitcd the Admiral to mediate with the ^"^f" "' King that they might have Leave go on with their fiihing this Sum- ,*"/„/ ^no*. mcr, for which they would pay to hisMajefty thirty thouiand Pound; »humberiand. and they accordingly did lb, and fignificd their Inclination to have ^^^^^^Jjj*^,, a Grant from the King to do the like for the future, upon paymg a 't'lfiji,. yearly Tribute. In X639 the Spanijh Fleet under Don Antonio de Oquendo, ap- j^jj,. peared on the Englijh Coafts, and had that Engagement with the C c c X 'Dutch 380 Naval TravfacYions fincc the Book III. TDutch in the 'Dowus^ which I have already given an Account of among the Affairs oi S^aiu. Chap. XIX. Of the Naval TranfaB'tnns of the EngliHi, from the Breaking out of the firjl Dutch fVar hi 1652, to the Revolution in 1688. Civil Wan in England. OccajicDs of the lirft IVar ■with the Dutch. Blake fights the Dutch Fleet. The Dutch difovjn the Proceedings of Tromp. NOT long after this broke out our unhappy Civil Wars, du- ring which, from the time the King, upon the fiifl: open Rup- ture with the Parliament, failed in his Dcfign of feizing the Fleer, we find nothing memorable at Sea, (except ihc Rcdu6>ion of the Ifles of Scilly to the Obedience of the Parliament by Admiral Blake ^ and of Barbadoes ^ Nevis ^ and St. ChriJ}ophir\ by Sir George A fcough) till the Beginning of the firft War with the T)u'ch in 1651. The Occafion thereof, as we have elfewhere related, was the NcglciSt of the 'Dtiteh in punifliing the AHaninators of Dr. ©\t\t fights being then in the Downs with forty Sail, relblved, tho' fo much the Dutch inferior, to give him Battel, and got under fail accordingly, fending Goodwin ' ' out feven Ships ahead to difcover the Enemy ; which being met on Sands. the twenty ninth of November by nine of theirs on the like Ser- vice, they began the Engagement, and were foon fupported by their refpedtive Admirals, with the reft of their Fleets, who fought with great Fury from two in the Morning till fix at Night, when the lii- perior Numbers of the 'Dutch prevailed, and Blake retired to the 'Downs., with the Lois of thz Bonadventure and Garland taken by the Enemy, of another Ship which was burnt, and three funk ; and had not the Night favoured his Retreat, the whole Fleet had gone near to have been deftroyed. As for the Dutch, they purchaled theVidtory at a dear rate, having loft a great Number of Men, and had one of their Flag-Ships blown up, and the other two much da- maged. Van Tromp proceeding thence to the Iflc of Rhe for the 'Dutch homeward bound Trade, which were to rendezvous at that Ifland, is faid to have pafled down the Chanel with a Broom at J his Chap. XIX. Ruin of tJjeRom. Empire. 383 his Main-top-maft Head, as it were to fwccp the Seas of the Engiijh. In the mean time the Parhament were very induftrious to repair the lace Diihonour, and wirli great Expedition fitted out a numerous Fleet to intercept the 'Dutch in their Return, which was put under the joint Command of Blake, Monk, and T)eane. Upon Advice of thcie Preparations, the States fent an Exprefs to Tromp, at the iHe of Rbe, to return with all fpccd, and prevent ihcErigli/h from , coming out by blocking up the River ; but Tromp, to his great A- mazcment, when he was got the Heighth oiTortland, fell in with tlie Eiigl'ijh Fleer, confifting of eighty Sail, he having with him fe- venty fix Men of War, with three hundred Merchant Ships under 16^3. his Convoy. The eighteenth oi February, about eight in the Morn- ^^^^^ ^»e Rom. Emprc. 38^ ufe your bed Circumfpcdion, and by Advice cither with the faid Commilfioncrs, or your Council of War, as occafion may be, to order and dil'pofe of the Forces under your Command, as may be mofl advantageous for' the Publick, and for obtaining the Ends for which thoic Forces were raifcd, making it your ei'pecial Care, in dis- charge of that great Truft committed to you, that the Common- wcalrh may receive no Detriment. When General Vcnables (who had been very ferviccabic to the Protcdor in the Redudion oilrcland) was firft pitched upon to command the Troops defigned on the aforementioned Expedition, he made it his Requcfl: that he might be furniflied with Arms, Am- ^i»>''"'! of munition, and all things nccefTary for a Defign of this Nature, for w.3'4/&c that otherwilc very great Difappointmcnts might happen, fliould he made by Ve- not carry them with him from hence, fmce they could not poffibly "•'''''^^• be found abroad. Wi aifo made it his R.equef}: that he might not be cramp'd by CommifTions, or Inftru6lions to other Perlbns, for he then knew that Oliver intended to lend CommifTioncrs, with large Power to infped: into, advifc, and controul the Actions of thoie who were to be principally employed in this Expedition ; but how little regard was had to what he thus dcfired, will appear in the enfuing Relation, as alio how he was contradidted and flighted by thofe in chief Authority. The Squadron, commanded by General Tcnne, being ordered to rendezvous zx. Tort/mouth, where the Land Forces w^ere to embark. Complaints were made to Venables of Dilbrders and Difcontents a- mong the People, and more particularly about the Badnels of the Complaints Provifions, which, by his means, being made known to General "'^^'.'^ '''^ ^esboro'oi-, he, by very harlh ExprefTions, fignified his Difcontent thereat, and particularly charged Venables with defign of fruftraring the intended Expedition, by being the Author of Reports which were falie, while he, on the other hand, endeavoured to juftify himlelf, and to fhew that he intended no otherwifc than for the pub- lick Good : And there was a Ihrcwd Sufpicion that ^esborcw's Dinatisfad:ion herein arofe from his being concerned with thole who had the Management of vidtualling the Navy. After Venables had attended near four Months, without any po- iitivc Affurance whether the Government was determined to go on with the Dcflgn or not, although it was publickly difcourled of^ and the Spaniards had thereby not only the Knowledge thereof^ but Opportunities of providing for their Defence, he was fome time after lent to, and diredled to hold himfelf in a Readineft to pro- Ven.ibles at ceed ; and though he then requeftcd that the Draughts which were [7fAt''^'" to be made out of the Regiments might be Men in all rcfpeds fit- charge, ting for the intended Service, yet the Colonels were permitted to pick and cull them as they pleafed, infomuch that moft of them were raw, and altogether undilciplined, and amongfl them mzny Irtjh Papifts, nor had the half of them Arms in any degree Icrviceablc. ^'•th"'^rms And fo far were the Council from permitting him to flay till bet- 7he%Trv'c['"' ter could be furnilhcd in their room, that they lent him pofi- tivc 3^o NavalTranfaElwns fincethe Book III. tivc Orders to leave the Town next Day upon Pain of Imprifbn- racnr. Before he came to Tortfmonth many of the Troops were embark- Tht Troops gj^ a„j the fcft Ihipping off with utmoft hafte, fo that he had no Op- /Ir'l^'f/'Getj- portunicy of viewing, much Icfs of exercifing them on fhore, and rdcoidii.uw thereby informing himfelf of their Condition, with Rcfpedt to their them. Abihties, or otherwiie. And although he was promiied that the Storeihip with Arms and other NecelTarics fhould join him at Spit' head., he was at lafl: told that no Delay muft be made in (laying for her, but that he might expedt her coming to him at Barbadoes. Greateft Part pjc was likewilc affurcd that he fhould carry out with him ten fiom\e}tZ- Months Provifions for ten thoufand Men, but the mod Fart there. hirni. of was lent back to London, to be Ihipped off there, under Pretence that there was not fufficient Room for the fame in the Ships at Tortf- mouthy although the Officers of the Fleet found Paffage in them for no iuconfiderable Quantities of Goods, which they defigned to traf- fick with when they arrived at the aforelaid Ifland. The Squadron The Forces being embarked, and the Wind prefenting fair, the arrives at Squadrou failed, and arrived at Barbadoes the twenty ninth Day of ^"^^654" January i65'4, foon after which General ^enables wrote to the Pro- ted:or, the Lord Prefident of the Council, Lawrence., the Lord Lam- berty and feveral others, letting them know in what a mifcrable Condition the Army was, and how defliture they were not only of The had Con- Pfovifions, but of Arms and other Neceffaries proper for carrying ArZy!^ ' ' on the intended Defign, infomuch that they were conftraincd to make the hardeft Shifts to fupply themfelves with the fraall Quan- tities, either of one or the other, that could be had in thole Parts. The firft thing which was done after the Fleet's Arrival at Bar- some Dutch badoes was the (eizing luch 'Dutch Ships and Veffels as were found riB^arbacToes. there, and General Temie appointed a Nephew of his to take an Account of their Cargoes, and all Things belonging to them, with- out admitting any Checque on him, as General Venables defired and infilled on, that ib no Embezzlements might be made. A councdof The eighteenth of March Venables thought it neccffary to hold Tfficet.^''"'^ a Council of War of the Land Officers, to confider of the State of the Army, and it was refolved to make thefe Propofitions to Tenne^ among feveral others, viz. I. That as the Officers of the Army had refolved not to defert the Fleet, he with his Officers would reciprocally refolve not to leave the Army, at leaft not till fuch time as their expected Supplies arrived from England. X. That it (hould be propofed to the Commiffioners that a fit- ting Quantity of Shipping might be taken up for tranlporting the Forces. 3. That they might not proceed on Service with lefs than twenty Tuns of Ball, and that they might likcwife be furnilhcd from the Fleet with two hundred Fire Arms, fix hundred Pikes, befides Pi- ftols. Carabines, and two hundred Half Pikes. To this Venables received no fatisfadtory Anfwer from Tenne^ and the Stores not arriving from England, he again defired to know i from Chap. XIX. Riihi of theR.om.E77ipire. 3^1 from him what Arms, Shot, Match, and other NecefTaries he could farnilh from the Fleet, General 'Z)t'j-^(?A'(?cc^ having afTurcd him, when in England., that the Commilfioncrs had Power to dilpole of what might be on board the Ships to the ncccfHiry Ule of the Army ; but to tliis 'Penne returned him an Anlwer, that fifteen Shot a Man, ^"" ['""t^sup- and a few Tuns of Match, was all he could fpare; befidcs which ^jCi^Z' he, at length, prevailed with him to add thereunto a few half and p'^et. quarrcr Pikes, which gave occafion to one of the Commiffioncrs to let fail forac Word«, as if he doubted they were betrayed. ILTidcs all thcle Diijppointmcnts, and the Badnels of the Provi- fion? Icnc from England, yet even of that the Soldiers were put ^^^ soUkrs to fliorc Allowance, while the Seamen were at whole, which occa- "Lt'Zl/li' fioncd no litrlc Dilcontcnt, and rendered them very fickly and Provifiom. veak. And as the Comminioncrs were empowered and required to cilpofo of all Prizes and Booty taken, towards defraying the Charge of rhe Expedition, and only a Forrnight's Pay was offered to the OiTiccrs and Soldiers, in lieu of whatever Booty Ihould be taken at j-;,^ soWers Sr. T)o}ningo (whither they were firfl: defigned from Barbadoes) it reflraind very much increnfed the DiHatisfadiion of the Array, for'moft of the ^""" ^'""'^• Officers, when they iet forward on the Expedition, were in Hopes of bettering their Fortunes very confiderably. At length General Venables prevailed with the Officers and Men to accept of fix Week's Pa)^ inltead of their Plunder, and thereupon himlelf and 'Fenne iffued out Orders rcftraining all Perlbns from pil- laging without Licence, or from concealing the lame on Pain of Death, and Forfeiture of their Pay ; but although the OfTicers were willing to liibmit to this, yet the CommifTioners refulcd to fign to it, ia!o:r.uch that the Soldiers publickly declared they would return to England., and never more (Irike Stroke where there were Commifli- oncrs who Ihould have Power to controul the Army. The Fleet being now in a Rcadincls to fail, General Venables^ Venabie5^rff- with lome of theCommilTioncrs, and the Officers of the Army, pro- ^^f]]//^" '"' pofcd that they might proceed diredly into the tiarbour of St. ^Do- bourofst.Do- mingo but (for what Flcaibus it doth not appear, unlels it was for mmgo. Want of cx[icrienced Pilots) that was refufed, and a Refolution ta- ken to land the Troops at the River Hine, that fo they might en- deavour to force the Fort and Trench. It was alfo relblvcd among the Land Officers. I. That the Regiments Ihould caft Lots which of them fiiouldgo Detenninati- onlhorefirft. ...,,,. W X " ^. That two or three Regiments mould be landed at once. Troops. 3. Thar the Seconds to each Regiment Ihould be appointed. 4. That the Ships wherein the Regiments were lliould keep near each other for their more regular Landing. And it was farther determined that if the Surge of the Sea ran high, and that the Enemy were prepared to defend the Fort and Trench, the Army iliould be landed b:^hind the fecond Point to Leeward, and that, when on ihore, one Regiment fliould be order- ed to march Eaftward of the City, provided General 'Pennc would engage to furnilh the Army with all NccefTarics. Lots I 392 Naval TranfaB'ions fmce the Book HI. Lots having been cad as afoiefaid, it fell to Colloncl Bullcrs Regiment to land fiift; and there vvas one Cox^ who had Hved iu tho'ic I'arts many Ycar'^, was to have been their Guide, but he had been lent on Tonic En .ind by '■Venue^ fo that he was at this time ab- icnt ; and Vice- Admiral Goodfon declaring that he neither had Or- ders to go into Htne River, nor Pilots to conduct the SIvips therein- to, the Army v^crc conftrained to land at the Weft Point (which Vaiables protelled againft) and by that means were expofed to a te- dious March of forty Miles through a thick woody Country, with- out any Guide, inlbmuch that both Horle and Men, by the Fa- Thi: Troops tiguc, and Extremity of Heat, fell down with Thirft, and were mi- muciiexpofid ['Q^^\j\y afflidcd with the Flux by their eating Oranges, and other '%\Z\ftonf, green Fruit, having no Water to moiften their Mouths with. &c. ' After four Days March the Army came to the Place where they might have been iirft put on ihorc, but by that time the Enemy had lummoned in the whole Country to their Afiiftance, and even nov.' many of the Soldiers had no more than one Day's bare Frovifions of the three that had been promifed them from the Ships. Colonel Biiller being lent with his Regiment to a particular Sta- tion near Hine River, and ordered not to ftir from thence until the reft of the Army joined him, he was lo far from complying with Col. Duller, thofe Commands from the General, that he marched away under Ua-iits thesta- ^^ Guidaucc of C(?x, who was now arrived from the Fleet, info- *Wm^ much that for Want of the faid Guide, the General miftaking the Way marched ten or twelve Miles about, and Buller having luf- fercd his Men to ftragg'.e, they fell into, and fuffered much by Am- bulcadcs laid by the Enemy. The Hardihips the Forces had undcrgnwe for Want of Provifions, and their being deny'd what Plunder they might happen to take at St. Tiomingo, io exalperated them, that the Seamen firft, who had been let on lliore, and loon after thole of the Land, were in a ge- A Mutiny, ueral Mutiny. However, in this Condition, they forded the River H'lne, with a Refolution to march to the Harbour, that fo they might be furniflied with Provifions and Ammunition from the Ships, but they were altogether Strangers to the Way, neither had they any Water to drink. At length Colonel Buller, and Cox the Guide joined them, and promi- fed to conduct them to a Place where they might be fupplied with Wa- ter; but fome of the faid Colonel's Men having rambled about for Pil- lage, encouraged the Enemy to lay Ambui'cades for them in their j;;eSpr,niard5 March, who falling upon the Forlorn routed them, and killed ieve- f/w.-r»."^ ral Officers, but they were loon after beaten back with Lofs, and purliied u'ithia Cannon Hiot of the Town, not but that when the Adiou was over, many Men, as well as Horfes, perifhed with Thirft. A Council of War being called to coufidcr the Condition of the Ar- my, it w as found that many of the Men had eat nothing for four Days together, unlcfs it were ibme Fruits they gathered in the Wood?, and that they were without Water, the Spaniards having ftopt up all their Wdls within feveral Miles of the Town, neither knew they the Chap. XIX. Riim of the B^om. Empire. 35)3 the Country, or how to get to their Ships, for Cox their Guide was flaiu in the late Skirmilh. However, after mature Confidcra- tion, it was rcfolved to march to the Harbour in the bed manner they could, and at length arriving there, they ftay'd three or four ^^^ ^''"'y Days to furniih themleivcs with Provifions and other Neceiraries, ships fo'r'pro- and tlien advanced v/ich a Mortar Piece, in order to reduce the Fort; -vifions, &c. but the Enemy having laid an Ambufcade, they charged the Van, ^^^ ^»fcv^ which was to have been led by Adjutant General Jackfon, very vi- by fhe Spani- goroufly, and were aufwercd in like Manner, whereas Jackjoti's -^^^• Parry running away, and the PafTage through the Woods being very narrow, they fell upon the General's own Regiment, who, to no purpole, endeavoured to ftop them with their Pikes, for they firft dilbrdcfred that Regiment, and foon after Major General Haynes's ; mean while the Enemy followed very eagerly, and giving no Quar- ter, the faid Major General, and the beft of the Officers, who pre- ferred Death before Flight, fell in the Adion. At length the General's own Regiment making Head againfl: them, as alfo that of the Seamen, commanded by Vice-Admiral Goodfoii^ they with their Swords forced the Runaways into the Woods, ra- ther chufuig to kill them than they Ihould dilbrder the reft, which the Enemy perceiving, they retreated, and our Men kept their ^^^ Spaniards Ground, though the Shot from the Fort killed many of them. The Troops nevcrthelcfs were To very weak and dilhcartencd, that not any of them could be brought to play the Mortar againft the Fort ; and though the General was reduced to a very low Con- dition, by Reaibn of the Flux, he caufed himfelf to be led from Place to Place to encourage them, but fainting at laft, was forced rhe Englifh to leave the Care to Major- General Fortefcue, who loon found that' f'"""^^ ^j'"" he could prevail no more than the General himfelf. It was rcfolved foon after at a Council of War, thatfmcc the E- nemy had guarded every Pafs, and that the Army were under very great Ncccllities for Want of Water, they fliould march to a Place where they had been informed a Supply thereof, and of other Nece^- faries, had been put on fhore for tihem from the Ships ; but in that March the Soldiers accompanied their Officers no farther than till they JheSoUiers de- found them in Danger, and then left tliem; inlbmuch that the Com- ^^'/r/wLw/w miffioners owned, by a Letter they wrote to the Governor of Bar- D««f<;r. badoes^ that had not the Enemy been as fearful as our own Men were, they might in a few Days have dcftroyed the whole Army ; and withall they let him know that thofc who had occafioned the grcateft Diforder were thofe of Barbadoes and St. Chriftopher'Sy in- ibmuch that they the faid Commiffioncrs, who were 'Penney JV'm- Jlaw and Butler^ had rcfolved to leave the Place, and try what p_efoived to could be done againft the Ifland of Jamaica. proceed to jaf The Army was accordingly in little time embarked, but the fick ""'"• and wounded Men were kept on the bare Decks for forty eight Hours, without either Meat, Drink, or Dreffing, inlbmuch that The Army Worms bred in their Sores ; and even while they were ofl Ihore the "j^'^m^^^ Provifions fent to them were not watered, but candied with Salt, nocwithftanding they had not Water fufficient to quench their Thirft ; E c c Nay 3^4 Naval Tranfaciwiis fmce the Book III. Nay after their Misfortunes on fliore, Venables averred that Tenne gave Rcar-Admiral Blagge Orders not to furnilh them with any more Provifion of what kind foever, fo that tliey eat up aJI the Dogs, Horfes and AfTes in the Camp, and fome of them fuch things as were in themlelves poifonous, of which about forty died ; and before the Forces were embarked, Adjutant-General Jackfon was ■^'^'/hckfon '^'■y'^ '^'^ a Court Martial, and not only fentenccd to be cafhier'd, and ci/MfrVi!' °" his Sword broken over his Head, but to do the Duty of a Swabber, in keeping clean the Hofpital-Ship ; a Punifliment liiitable to his no- torious Cowardife. Tht Fleet and The Fleet and Troops arriving at Jamaica, Orders were ifTued by y.rmy arri-ve General Veuubles that where it Ihould be found any Man attempted at Jamaica. ^^ ^^^ away, the next Man to him Ihould put him to Dcafh, or that if he failed fo to do, he fliould be liable to be try'd for his Life ; and now all the Troops being ready for Service, they advanced to- The Fort ta- vvards the Fort, which they made themlelves Maftcrs of with little *'"• Lofs ; and next Morning, when the Sun arofe, they began to march to the Savana, which was near the Town, when fome Spaniards came towards them, and defired to treat, but the General refufed fo to do, unlefs they would fend them a conftaut Supply of Provifi- ons, then much wanted, which they punctually did according to the Promife they had made. Soon after this the following Articles were agreed on, viz. Articles upon 1 . That all Forts, Arms, Ammunition, and NecefTaries for War, ihe Surrender and all Kiuds of Shipping in any Harbour in the Ifland, with their 0/ Jamaica, puj^jfyre^ ^^ as alio all Goods, Wares, Merchandizes, ^c. fhould be delivered up to General Venables, or whom he fliould appoint for the Ufe of the Protex Ships that lay in the Bay, he proceeded thence ro Tripoli and Jl- ^unlf^"'* gier, and having made advantageous Treaties with thole Govern- ments, came again before Tunis, and found the Inhabitants now glad to liibmit to his Terms. Shortly after this, cruifing, in conjunction ^^^^' with General Mount ague, off of Cadiz, to intercept the Spanijh Flota, Captain Stayner, with three Ships of the Fleer, fell in with capt. Stayncr eight Galleons, with which he dealt fo efTcdtually in two or three ^i"-"' '["'^ Hours Engagement, that one was iunk, anotlier fet " E e -c a and S9^ Naval Tranfatlions fince the Book III. and Plate, to the Value of fix hundred thoufand Pounds, and only two c leaped into Cadiz. i(jj-. Early the next Spring Admiral Blake went out with a ftrong Squa- dron on the lame Defign of intercepting the Spamjh JVefl-lnd'ia, Fleet, and took his Station off of Cadiz, where receiving Intelli- gence that thofe Ships were arrived at Teneriffe^ he made the bed of his way to that Ifland. The Flota lay in the Bay of Sa?ita Cruz, drawn up in form of a Half Moon, with a ftrong Barricado before them ; the Bay itfelf defended by fevcn Forts dilpofed round the fame, with two Caftles at the Entrance, which were well furniflied with Ordnance : In which Pofture the Spanifl? Admiral thought himfelf lb fecure, that he fent out word by ■x 'Dutch Merchant, BlaKe might come if he durft. The Admiral having taken a View of the Enemy's Situation, fent in Q-x'^imTStayner with a Squadron to attack them, who loon for- cing his Paflage into the Bay, was prefeutly lupported by Blake with the whole Fleet. Placing feme of his Ships fo as that they might fire their Broadfides into the Caftles and Forts, himfelf and Stayner engaged the Spanijh Fleet, and in few Hours obtaining a complete Vidtory, poflefled himfelf of all the Ships ; but being not Blake ^«r»j jble to bring them off) he let them on fire, and they were every Spanifti ships , ° ■' ^ at Santa onc bumt. Cruz. After this glorious Atchievcment he returned to the Coafts of Spain, and having cruifed there tome time, was coming home with the Fleet to England, when he fell ill of a Scorbutick Fever, of Blake dies, which he died juft as he was entering Tlimouth Sound. CromwelPs Parliament, upon the News of his Exploit at Santa Cruz., had or- dered him a Jewel of five hundred Pound, and now upon his Death bcftovved on him a folepin and fumptuous Funeral, interring him in i7^;/ryVirs Chapel. obfervaiicns It is remarkable that this great Seaman was bred a Scholar in the on General Uuivcrfity of Oxford, whcrc he had taken the Degree of a Mafter of Arts; and it is an Obfervation very pertinent to Sea- Affairs which the Noble Hiftorian, who hath witten of thofe Times, hath left us concerning him. " He was, fays he, the firft Man that declined " the old Track, and made it manifeft that the Science might be at- " taincd in lefs time than was imagined ; and defpiied thofe Rules " which had been long in pradice, to keep his Ship and his Men " out of Danger ; which had been held in former Times a Point of " great Ability and Circumfpedion ; as if the principal Art requi- *' fite in the Captain of a Ship had been to come home fafe again. " He was the firft Man that brought the Ships to contemn Caftles " on fhore, which had been ever thought very formidable, and were *' difcovered by him to make a Noife only, and to fright thofe who *' could rarely be hurt by them. He was the firft that infufed that " Proportion of Courage into the Seamen, by making them fee by " Experience what mighty things they could do if they were re- « fblv'd ; and taught them to fight in Fire as well as upon the Wa- " tcr : and though he hath been very well imitated and followed, « he Chap. XIX. Ruin of the Kom. Er/Tpire, 357 " he was the firH: that gave tbe Example of that kind of Naval ** Courage, and bold and relblutc Atchicvemcnts. In the latter end of the Year 16^58, upon occafion of the War be- 1658. tween Sweden and T)enmark, the Powers which ruled in England England -»/- taking part with the former, lent our a ftrong Squadron to their A[^ f'fl' '^' fiftauce under the Command of Sir George Afcougb, but it proving Zinfi\hi a very fevereWinter, he was prevented by Ice from getting farther than Danes. the i^r^ce-', and returned home ; and the next Year another Fleet was ^'^59. fcnt out for the fame purpofe under the Command of General Moiin- tagtie ; who not long after employed the fame Ships in a much '^^^"''^'^^ fflore honourable Service, that of bringing over from Holland his ^b^n^^l^vet Sovereign King Charles II, who now, in the Beginning of the Year ^'"'^ Charles 1660, was invited by his People to come and fit on the Throne of ^'' his Anceftors. In 1661, the fame Officer, now created Earl of Sandwich., was i<56i. fent at the Head of a numerous Fleet, to condudt from Lisbon the V" f"'^^ "^ Qiieen-Confort, whom receiving on board, he landed in Safety at bl^ngTt'he 'Portf/fiouth, having off of Lisbon detached Sir John Lawfon with S.""" f"**^ a ftrong Squadron to the Mediterranean. That Admiral appeariu<7 I'ortugal. before Algier ^ Tunis., and Tripoli^ induced thofe Governments s/rjohnL to renew their Treaties with England; and, in purfuance of his ^onrentws the Negotiation at the former of thole Places, above a hundred and fif- ^'^""^ '"'">> ty Efiglijh , Scotch , and Irijh Slaves were redeemed from Capti- fil'TriJoT' vity by a generous Contribution of the dignified Clergy of England. About the lame time PofTeffion was taken of Tangier in Africa, The Engiifh and the M\in<\ Bombay in the Eajl- Indies , which were part of the '"'-•' ''"M""^ Qiieen's Portion ; the former of which Places King Charles made wBomb^ay. a free Port, granting it all Privileges which might make it a trading City ; and indeed us Situation was very advantageous for that pur- pofe, as well as for the Security of our Commerce, and enlarging our Command in thole Seas ; but thele Advantages were at length found not to countervail the vaft Expence of fortifying and defend- ing it againfl: the continual Aflaults of the Moors ; ib that fome Years after it was found neccHary to demolilh it, as we fhall fee in its Place. The T)utch having for fome time continued to make great En- croachments on the Engitjh Trade in all Parts, and not only neg- Ie<3;ed to give any Satisfaction to the King's Minifter at the Hague for the lame, but committed open Hoftilities upon the Englijh on the Coafl: oi Guinea, the Nation w'as impatient for a War with them; and they having liiffcred very much in the Mediterranean from the Pirates oi Algier, Tunis, and Tripoli, had fent their Admiral Tie Ruyter with Ibrae Ships to accompany Vice- Admiral Lawfon in his foremention'd Expedition thither; where 1)e Ruyter, under the Countenance of the EngliJI? Fleet, having obtained good Terms of thofe People, he, in Gratitude for that Ad: of Friendlhip, parting with Sir John Lawfon, made the bcft of his way for Gui?iea; and having attacked our Ships on that Coaft , under Rear- Admiral ^^i- Holmes, and deftroyed fome of our Fadlorics there, failed away anachl" thence to Barbadoes, where he attempted to land> but being repul- ships at Gul- fed ""' ^'' 3^8 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. The Englifli takt many Duuh Mer- chant Shi^s. Allen routs the Dutch Smnm Fleet. The Dutch laltt the Eng' hrti Ham- burgh tUet. The Dukt of York beats the Dutch Fleet, and Opdam « blown lif. led with Lofs, proceeded to Nt"-s;Tork and Neizfonndlandy and committed great Depredations in thofc Parts. The King foon re- ceiving Advice of the treacherous Adion in Guinea., with all Expe- dition fitted out a Fleet under the Command of the Duke of Tork, Vt'mccJiu/>ert, and the Earl oi Sandwich, which failing over to the Coafts oi Halland, ftruck a univeriiil Terror araongft the 'Dutchj who, though they had alfo aflcmbled a great Fleer, under the Com- mand of Ojpdam, durfl: not venture out with it from Goree. And while their Ships were thus pent up , their Bourdeanx Fleet, in its way home, fell mod of them into the Hands of the Engli/h, who in few Weeks took above a hundred and thirty of their Merchant Ships. About this time airoVice-Admiral>r///£'« cruifing with a Squadron off the Screights Mouth, fell in with thcT)utch Sr/iima fleet, which he attacked and routed, finking fome of the Ships, killing Brachel the Commander in Chiet^ and pofl'efllng himlelf of four of the richeft Ships, one of which had fuffercd fo much in the Engagement, that fhe foundered at Sea in her -way to England. The Duke of Tork not being able to draw the Enemy out, returned to the Englijh Coafts, which he had no fooner done, but the 'Dutch Fleet, under Opdaniy put to Sea from Goree., and came over to the 'Dogger- Bank, from whence they detached a Squadron to their own Coafts to lie in wait for the Engl'tjh Hamburgh Fleet ; which, with their ■ Convoy, fuppofing the Duke to have been ftillon tbeCoaift, fell in- to the Enemy's Hands. The Duke of Tork highly incenfed at this Lofs, refolved to re- venge it on the Enemy, and, in order to come to an Engagement with them, weighed Anchor from Solebay the firft of Jujie, and on the third coming up with the 'Dutch Fleet, did accordingly engage them, and obtained an entire Vidtory, taking eighteen of their largeft Ships, finking or burning about fourteen more, blowing up their Admiral Opdam in his own Ship, and taking two ihoufand fixty three Priloncrs, whereof fixteen were Captains. But the Vic- tory was purchafed dear on our fide by the Lofs of many brav-e Men, though we had but one Ship mifllng; there being flain in the Battel the Earl of 'Portland, the Earl of Marlborough, and Rear- Admiral Sampjbn ; Sir John La'x-fon died of his Wounds ; and the Earl of Falmouth, the Lord Muskerry, and Mr. Boyle, were all three taken off by one Cannon- fliot, fo near the Duke's Perlbn, that he was fprinkled with their Blood and Brains. The vidorious Fleet having been refitted with wonderful Dif- patch, was, in few Weeks, gotten out again to Solebay, to the Num- ber of about fixty Sail, now under the Command of the Earl of Sandwich, who carried the Standard, having under him in the Red Squadron Sir George Afcough and Sir Thomas Tyddeman, with their fubordinate Flags. In the White Squadron were Sir William Tenne, Sir William Berkeley, and Sir Jofeph Jordan; and the Blue Flag was carried by Sir Thomas Allen, having Sir Chrijtopher Myngs and Sir John Harman for his Vice and Rear-Admirals. The Earl of Sandwich, upon Advice that ihc'Dutcb were not yet ready for the Sea^, ki fail with bis Fleet for the North Seas, where, he had Intel- ligence, 3 Chap.XIX. Ru'ni of th e^ovn.. Empire. 399 • — ■ li -cncc, their Turkey Fleet, with fome of their Eajf -India Ships, were got North about into Bergeti in Norvi'ay. Appearing off of that Place, he lent in Sir Thomas TyddcTnan with two and twenty Tyddeman Men of War to attack them, which he did with great RefolutioD, ^''"f*' Dutch and notwithflauding the utmoft Efforts of the l)utcb^ and the gen."" T>anes, who had railed a ftrong Battery for their Defence, burnt fome of their Ships, and did confiderablc Damage to the reft. This Service performed, the Fleet made fail for the Coafts of Holland, whence being again forced to the Northward, they met with the 'Dutch Eajt-Indials\cn, under a good Convoy, and feveral other The Earl of of their Merchant Ships, and took eight Men of War, two of the L'^j Dmch beft India Ships, and twenty of the other Merchant Men ; with Eaftindia which, and lome other Prizes, with four Men of War which they ^^.'fJ' ""'^ took afterwards, they returned to the Euglijh Coafts. ' '"^^""■^"J'- The French King at this time purfuing his Intereft to keep up the Divifious between the two maritime Potentates, he, in order to weaken both, and that the Dutch might be induced to continue the War they found thcmfelves unequal to, became a Party with them fie French in it, and declaring War againft England, fitted out a Fleet under ^j^'^tch '^ '** the Command of the Duke de Beaufort. The Dutch, in hopes of this Affiftance, ufed their utmoft Diligence to get early to Sea the next Spring ; and on our fide all Preparations were made for do- ing the like. The Fleet was put under the Command of Prince i?«- jpert and the Duke of Albemarle, who arriving in the Downs the twenty ninth of May, received Advice that the French Fleet was '^*^^* come out to Sea in order to join the Dutch. Upon this News Prince Rupert, with the White Squadron, made the beft of his way to the Ifle of Wight, in order to intercept them as they came up the Chanel. With the fame Wind which carried the Prince to St. Helen's, the Dutch put to Sea, and finding the Englijh Fleet di- vided, refolved not to lofe ^o favourable an Opportunity, and there- T/?e Dutch 4f- fore engaged the Duke oi Albemarle with a vaft Superiority. The marifl»^'A« Duke, far from declining the Battel, cncounter'd them with fingular Abfence of Bravery, tho' fo much inferior in Strength ; and although the Wind, ^''■'"" ^"* blowing hard at South- Weft, made his Ships ftoop fo, that they ^"'' could not ufe their lower Tire of Guns, they fought three Days fucccflively ; and in the firft Day's Engagement thcDutch had two of their great Ships fired ; in the Iccond, they loft three Sail more; and on the laft, when Prince Rupert came in with his Squadron, PrhcRu. the Englijh charged through the Dutch Fleet five feveral times with ^^YbeiJilrle good Advantage, and fo broke them, that they had not above five and ^wi/^eDutch twenty Ships remaining in a Body, which only maintained a running <"■« rouud. Fight, and retreated to their own Coafts, having loft above fifteen Ships, • with one and twenty Captains, and above five thoufand common Men. This Engagement was on the third of June, and by the nine- teenth of next Month the Fleet was at Sea again, under the lame Commanders in Chief, accompanied by Sir Jofeph Jordan, Sir RO' bert Holmes, Sir Thomas Allen, Sir Thomas Tyddeman, Captain ijtburt. Sir Jeremy Smith, Sir Edward Spragge, and Captain Kempthorne, who carried the Flags ; and coming loon after to an- other A comfUat Viclorj ozer the Dutch. TiVLXai Ships at the Ulie dcflroyed by Sir Robert Holmes. 4.00 Naval Tr an faBions fincethe Book III. ether Engagement with the Enemy, obtained a ccmpleat Vidiory, finking or "burning above twenty of tlieir Ships, kilh'ng Evert z^^ Admirlil of Zealand^ Tirrkk Hiddes, Admiral of Fr'iejknd, and Rear-Admiril Van Saen, with above four tiioufand common Sea- men, and wounding near three thouland. The Enemy's Fleet retired in Confiifion to the tVzelings, over the Flats and Banks, whither our sreat Ships could not follow them; and our Fleet failed triumphant- ly aloncT the Coafts of Holland to the Vlie, w here the Generals fending in a Squadron under Sir Robert Holmes, he burnt and de- ftroyed a hundred and fixty rich T>ntcb Merchant Ships ^^•hich lay there, and landing a Body of Men on the Scbelling, alfo fired the Town of iSr^w^^rij upon that illand, and brought off a confider- able Booty, which was'all performed without any other Lois on our fide, than of fix Men killed, and as many wounded. The Dntchf under all thefe Misfortunes, put their Fleet to Sea again before a Month was at an end, which, in hopes of being joined by the French Fleet under the Duke de Beaufort, (who lay at Rochellc with forty Sail) pafl~ed by Dover the firft ol September. Prince Rupert with the Engl'ijh Fleet flood after them to the Road of Boulogne, where, to avoid fighting, they haul'd clofe in with the Shore, and had been there burnt, or run aground by the Prince, if a violent Storm fuddenly coming on had not forced him to retire to St. Helen's. In the mean while the French Fleet put to Sea from the Weftvv^ard, but three or four of their Ships, which fcpatated from the reft ," falling in with Sir Thomas Allen'% Squadron in the Sound- ings., he took one. of them, called the Ruby, of a thouland Tons and five hundred Men, with which Lofs the Duke de Beaufort was (or pretended to be) fo dilcouraged, that he immediately returned into Port, as the Dutch did to their own Coafts. In the beginning of the next Year a Treaty of Peace between England and Holland was fct on foot by the Mediation oi Sweden \ in confidence of the Succefs whereof, the King forbearing to let out a Fleet, whilft his Minifters were negotiating at Breda, the Dtitchy with leventy Sail of Ships , under De Ruyter , appeared in the Thames Mouth, and fending in a Squadron, pofi^efTcd themfelves of the Fort at Sheernefs, though bravely defended by Sir Edward Spragge. The Duke o^ Albemarle, who was Lord- General, with all Expedition haftened down thither with fbme Land Forces, and, to oppofe the Enemy's Progrefs, liink Ibme Vefitis in the Entrance of the Medway, and laid a ftrong Chain acrofs it : Bat the Dutch, with a high Tide, and a ftrong Eafterly Wind, broke their way- through, and burnt the three Ships which lay to defend the Chain, and going up as far as 'Vpnore Caflle, burnt alfo the Royal Oak, and having much damaged the Loyal London and the Great James, fell down the River again, carrying off with them the Hull of the Royal Charles, which the Englifh had twice fired, to prevent that Dilhonour, but the Enemy as often quenched again. In this Action one Captain Dowglafs, (who was ordered to defend one of thole Ships which were burnt) when the Enemy had fet fire to it, re- ceiving no Commands to retire, faid, it flmtld never be told that a Dow- Prince Ru- pert goes af- ter the Dutch to Boulogne. Beaufort comes out, hut foon returns to France. 1667. A Treaty of Peace on foot. The Dutch do mifchiefinthe River Med- way. Ci»/'/titch i)edaration oj YlzQty the King ifTucd out his Declaration of War, and Preparations War againft yvej-g made on both fides for vigoroufly carrying on the fame. The Naval Force of the French King being to ad: in conjundtion with 1671. ours, the Count d'EJlrees., Vice- Admiral oi France, arrived the third Count A't.- oi May at Tortfmoutb, with a Squadron of Ships of that Nation; rle Eri^'hili ^nd our Fleet foon after repairing thither from the IDownSy they fleet. both put to Sea, the Duke of Fork being Commander in Chief, Monfieur d'Eftrees ading as Admiral of the White, and the Earl of Sandwich being Admiral of the Blue. On the nineteenth oi May they difcover'd the 'Dutch, about eight Leagues E. S. E. of the Gunfleet, and prepared to engage the next Day ; but thick Weather coming up, they loft fight of each other, and the Engliflj and French Fleets put into Solebay, where conti- nuing till the twenty eighth, the 'Dutch appeared unexpedledly in the Offing, bearing up to them, and had like to have furprized them in the Bay. The Enemy's Fleet was commanded by Banckert, who led the Van, and attacked the White Squadron under Monfiear d'Efir^es ; by De Ruyter, the Commander in Chief in the Centre, who en- gaged the Red Squadron under the Duke ; and by l^an Ghent, in the Rear, who fought with the Blue Squadron under the Lord Sand- V'k"and{ht'^'''^^' ^^^ Dutch began the Engagement with the White Squa- Vxznc\\ engage ^^<^^'^i as hath bccu oblcrvcd, and the French received them at >/>« Dutch, firft with great Courage and Bravery, but were (bon tired, and llieered off from the Battel. In the mean time the Duke and De Ruyter were warmly engaged for fome Hours, fb that his Royal Highnefs was forced to change his Ship the St. Michael, and go on board the Loyal London. The Earl of Sandwich , in the Royal James, maintained a bloody Fight with the Enemy's Rear- flai^"'^^^^ " Admiral, who was foon taken off with a Cannon-lhot ; but one of De Ruyter's Squadron coming up to that Ship's Affiftance, with four Firclhips, laid his Lord/hip on board, who after a Fight of five Hours, having bravely repulfed him with three of the Firelhips, was s at Chap.XIX. Rum of theRom. Empire, 403 ac Icni'th fiiK:d by the fourth, and periflicd in the Ship with fevcral ^^e Fari of II , AT.,., Sandwich /^/r gallant Men. ^^^. ^^^^^^,_ The Battel lafted with great Fury till nine at Night, when Sir 70- fcpb Jordan getting the Wind of the "Dutch, they flood away to the Eaftward, and afforded theDuke the Honour of purluing them. However they laid claim to thcVid:oiy, as well as the Ej/g/i/b, and indeed the Lois of Men was near an Equality, but of Ships the moft were mifTuig on our fide, there being two burnt, three liink, and one taken of the Englijh ; of the French one was burnt and another funk ; and among the Slain were many brave Men of Qiia- licy, as the noble Earl of Sandiz-icb, Captain Dighy of the Henrys Sir Fretcbtv'ille Holies of the Cambridge , Sir John Fox of the "[Prince, Monficur de la Raben'tere the French Rear- Admiral, the Lord Mdidjlon, Mr. Mount ngne, Mr. Nicholas, and Mr. Vaugban, the two lart of the Bed chamber to the Duke, and many other Perlons of Confideration. The Body of theEirl o'i Sandvi'ich was taken up iloating at Sea, and afterwards interred with great Solemnity, at the King's Charge, in IFcJimiuJicr Abby. The reft of this Campaign pafTed without any thing remarkable; but great Preparations were made for letting out a ftrong Fleer, a- gainft the next. And in the beginning oi May the Fleet pur to Sea, 1673. under the Condudt of Prince Rupert, who being joined o(^ oi Rye rte French by the French Meet under the Count d'EJlrees, lailed in quefl: of -i^'^ aTofcf the Enemy to the Coafts of Holland. T)e Ruyter, who had been Rye. firft at Sea, havino; failed in a Defign of intercepting our Canary, Bourdeaux, and Ncxcajile Fleers, in their Pafiage into the River, was returned to the Schone'vclt, where the Confederate Fleet fell in The Engiifh with him, and foon began a Iharp Engagement. The French Ad- ^^"^'///"'^^ miral carried the White Flag, as he had done before ; but now, to jjutch mar prevent his delcrting us, as he had done in the late Fight, his Ships Schoncveit. were intermixed with the Englijh. Their united Force confifted of about a hundred and ten Ships, and the Enemy were near a hundred. The Fight was began between Sir Ed'-jvard Spragge, Admiral of the Blue, and the Dutch Vice- Admiral Van Tromp, and continued with great Fury till ic was dark ; when, after a confiderable Lofs on both fides, the two Fleets feparated. This Battel was fought the twenty eighth of May, and on the fourth of next Month they came to another Engagement near the lame Place, which was alio Another Bat- began again by Spragge and Tromp, and lafted with equal Fury till ^g""'^^'^^'* Night parted them, when both fides challenged the Vidtory, which, by their gallant Behaviour, they both defcrved ; the Dutch got within their Banks, and the Englijh Fleet returned to their own Coarts. By the middle of July Prince Rupert got out to Sea again, and /'n«cc Rupert fought another Battel with the Enemy off of the Texel, wherein ffu'ci/./ of Banckert, with the Zealand Squadron, meeting with very little f/)eTcxcl. Rcfiftance from the Count d'EJlrees, join'd with De Ruyter in at- tacking the Red Squadron, and diflrcfTed VnncQ Rupert very much; while Sir Edward Spragge in the Blue Squadron was hotly engaged with Admiral Tromp, whom he forced once out of his Ship, and F f f X was 3 ' 404 NavalTranfaBtons fwccthe Book III. was compelled by 'Tromp to change his twice; but as he was go- sir Edward '"g '"t" ^ third, his Barge was ibnk with a Cannon-ihot, and he Spragge \vas unfortunately drowned ; who, with Sir JFilliam Reeves, and drovsncd. Captain Hcjwaii, were the only Peribns of Note which were loft on our fide. The 'Dutch had two Flag- Officers killed, and two of their largcft Ships lunk, with four or five Firelhips3cftroyed; where- as on our part the only Lois was that of the Henrietta Yacht, which was iunk by the fide of the Lord Offory, Rear-Xdrairal of the Blue. It is very remarkable that, notwichftanding all the Pre- cautions Prince Rupert could ule, the French could not be brought rht French to take any great Jhare either in this or the two former Engage- ^fhtltilTe' ments, Monficur aEjlrees^ by one means or other, eluding hisOr- Engagemtnts. dcr?, and kccping aloof from the Fury of the Battel. In the mean time Sir Tobias Bridges iailing with a Squadron of fix Ships from Barbadces to Tabago, a neighbouring Plantation be- sir Tobias longing to x.\\cT>utch, poficfled hirafelf of that Kland, with a Booty Tab! eo'"*" °^ iibout four hundred Prilbners, and as many Ncgros ; and foon af- s/.Euibcef4- ter was alfo taken flom them St. EuJIace, another of the Caribbee ken from the Jdauds, iu thcit Poflcfiiou. About which time four of their Eajt- Ind'ta Ships having reduced the Illand of St. Helena , Cap- tain Richard hlunden was ordered thither with four Ships of cj/rjin Mun- War, and immediately recovered the lame', with a Lofs more fa- SVeiena? ^^^ "^^ '^'^'^ T)ntch, of three rich Eajl-hidia Ships, which there fell (ini takes ' iuto his Haud.^. But in revenge of thefc Proceedings, the Dutch three E\(\.- Vicc Admiral Evert z Iailing, with fifteen Men of War, to our Plan- I "i'- fatio^s on the Continent, took feveral Ships, and did other confi- T/«Dutchj4- derablo Milchief, and thence going down to the Caribbces, reco- pUntTu^m v^''cJ tbe Ille of St. Euflace, which we had lately taken. By this time the People of England being alarmed at the vaft Progrcl's of the French King's Arms in the Netherlands, grew very unealy at the Continuance of the War with the Dutchy and indu- Fe.tct ietiieen ced the King to comc to a Peace with them, which was concluded Holland ""'' '"^ ^^^ beginning of the next Year ; by which Treaty they agreed, 1674. among other things, to the Right of the Flag, to fettle the Affairs of Commerce in the Eaji- Indies, and to pay hisMajefty eight hun- dred thouland Pctacoons. "5-,-. Iu the latter end of the Year 1675', Sir John Narbrough was fent p b'rou°h'^ fnt' ^^''^'^ ^ Squadron to the Mediterranean, to chaftife the Pirates of a^din/Tri- Tripoli, who had interrupted our Trade in that Sea, and coming be- , po'i. fore that Place, in the Dead of the Night, manned out his Boats, \: and lent them into the Port, under the Condudt of his Lieutenant, 1 ^^j, Mr. Cloudjley Shovell, who firft leizing the Enemy's Guard-Boat, went on undilcovcred, and lurprizcd four of the Tripcline Ships (which were all they had ia Port) as they lay under the Caftic and harrts their Walls of the Towu, and having burnt them, returned triumphantly ships with his to the Ships without the Lois of one Man; foon after which Sir ""' y^^^'^ Narbrough concluded a Treaty with the Government of Tri- poli, upon advantageous Terms. Some time after this the j4lgerines breaking with us, and cruifing on our Ships trading in their way, Admiral Herbert failed, in the beginning Chap. XIX. RiiinoftheKom. Empire. 405 beginning of the Year i68z, with a Squadron to the Med'tterra- ^dmiraiHci- nean, and forced that People to come to a Peace, by a Treaty which ^"n/T/'/Al- flill fubfifts with their Government. gchnes. The King being now weary of the vaft Charge of maintaining the '^^^• Garrifon and Fortifications oVTangicr^ his Majefty came to aRcfolution of demoiifhing the fame, and making choice of the Lord Tiartmoutb for the Performance of that Service, lent him thither \\\Augiift\G'ii^ 1683. at the Head of 2 ccufidcrable Squadron, with a CoramilHon to be Ge- The Lord neral of his Forces '\u Barbary. His Lordlhip, on his Arrival there, f?^rtmouth immediately let about that Work, and tho' ail pofiiblc Diligence was Tangier. "'^ ufed in ruining rhe Place, it was many Months before its Dcflrudtion was complcated. It had a very fine Mole, on which vaft Sums of Money had been expended fince it came into the Hands of the Englijhy which coft the Workmen the moft trouble of any thing x/^^ Town elic, the Stones being cemented together to the fame Hardnefs ^^^ ^^^hand the natural Rock, lo that they were forced to drill it in icveral Pla- /iro/d.'^ ces, and blow it up by Piece- meal. The Mole, together with the Rubbifli of the Town, was thrown into the Harbour, to fill it up, and did fb effcdtually ipoil the fame, as it can never again be made a Port. By the King's Diredtion there were buried among the Ruins a confiJerable Number of mill'd Crown-Pieces of hisMajcfty'sCoin, which haply, many Centuries hence, when other Memory of it fliall be loft, may declare to fiiccecding Ages that that Place was once a Member of the Britijh Empire. Soon after this King Charles dying, there happened nothing re- Kmg Charles markable at Sea durffig the fliort unhappy Reign which followed, "'^-^f"'^- till near the Conclufion of it by the Glorious Revolution , which placed the Prince oi Orange and his lUuftrious Confort on the Throne, the Naval Incidents whereof^ and of the long War which enfued thereupon with France, will be related in the next Book. A COM. ^ 407 br;)S:S^ t^^^j^ii A C OMPLEAT H S T O RY Of the mofl: Remarkable TRANSACTIONS at SEA. BOOK IV. Containing an Account of the Naval TranfaStions of the EngliJIj, from the Revohition in i(^88, to the Peace of Ryfwick, in the Year 16^1, Ch A P. I. The Proceedings of the Englifli Fleet ^ upon the Prepara^ tions made in Holland, ttll the Prince of Orange'^ landing m England. iS the Invitations which the Prince oi Orange received 1688. in the Year 1688, induced him to make Preparation f^''/„l^j^"r in Holland for an Expedition to this Kingdom, that the prepara- thcreby he might lecure to us our Religion, Laws, ''"'"'* Pol- and Liberties, (o had King James Advice from time to time of the Progrels his Highncfs made; and although his Majcfty was not at firft thoroughly convinced that his Defign was to waft his Forces hither, (notwithftanding he had then an Am- baflador 4o8 NavalTratifoBioiis of the Eiv^hfh, Book IV. baffador at the Hague) yet being afterwards well afTured thereof, and having a imall Squadron of Ships in Pay, commanded by Sir Roger Strickland, then Rear Admiral of England, he thought it convenient to appoint them a Place of Rendezvous, and about the Scouts fent jxiiddic oi J Hm: iCHt out fouic Scouts to oblcrvc the Motions of the '1' Squadron T)ntcb Flcct. Not loug aftct that the Squadron was ordered to jent iviih Sir Sea, and made two lliort Trips to and from Southivold Bay, Roger Stnck- ^.j^^ j^^ whereof was afcer King James had vificed them at the Buoy of the Nore, and conlblted with his Hag Officers, and Captains, what was moft adviicable to be done for intercepting the Prince in his PafTage ; for at that time it was altogether un- known at the Engiiflj Court to what Part of the Kingdom he was defigned. The Preparations in Holland advancing apace. King James deem- ed it neccflary to lend In(lrn(5tions to Sir Roger Strickland how to govern himlelf in fo important an Affair; of which Inftrudtions it may not be improper to inlert the following Copy. 'James R. Kitis]^mcss \T7Hereas We have been lately given to underftand, that injhutitonito yy great Preparations are at this Day making by the States of Striddand. *^he United Provinces, for increafing their Naval Force now at Sea, by the Addition of a confiderable Number of their greater Ships ; and forafmuch as We think it behoving, that, for preventing, as much as may be, the Evil that may be intended towards Us, Our Government, or the Trade of Our Subjedts, you, with the Com- manders of Our Ships under your Charge, be, without Delay, ad- vcrtilcd thereof, We have, to that Purpole, caufed this, by Exprefs, to be difpatched to you, to the end that, upon Receipt hereof, you may immediately apply your (elf to the confidering, and putting in Execution, whatever you, with the Advice of fuch of Our Com- manders as you ihall call to your Afliflance, fliall judge expedient, for the putting, and keeping Our Ships in a Condition of attending the Motion of thofe of the States, as you ihall from time to time conceive mod for Our Service. To which end, though luch is Our Reliance upon your approved Diligence, Integrity, Valour, and Ex- perience in maritime Affairs, that We do hereby entirely commit the whole Conduit thereof^ in all Emergencies, to your fole Dire(iiion, yet We conceive it not unufeful (without Conftraint) to recom- mend to you, in your Proceedings therein, the following Confide- rations, viz. I. That two of Our Ships (to be changed once a Week) may be always kept cruifing off of Orfordnefs, in order to as early difco- vering as may be the Approach, or Motion of thofe of the States, with Inftrudtions not to fail, lo foon as any ilich Difcovery ihall be made, to repair with Advice thereof your felf to the Downs, or where clle you Ihall appoint for their meeting you. 1. That io foon as the Wind fhall come Eafterly, and while it Co continues, the like be done by Ships to be by you employed be- s tween Chap. I. from theTear 1688, to 169J. 409 twcen the Good-j:jin Sands and Calais^ for preventing the States Ships paffing by undifcovcred to the Wcftward. And here you are to take notice, that for the more effed;ual le- curing of timely Advice to you of the Proceedings of the Ships of the States, and eafing you in the Ships to be fpared for this ufe. We have determined to caufe foiuc /?rtr^i«^ Smacks, or other Imall Craft, proper for that Work, to be without Delay taken up, and fent forth to that Purpofe, with like Inftrudtions to repair from time to rime to you, with Advice, as before; of the Readinefs of which VefTels to proceed on this Service, you Ihall be farther informed from the Secretary of Our Admiralty. 3. That upon your being advcrtifed of the 'Z)«/f/6 Ships being come to Sea, and of their Motion there, it may be advifcablc (which Way foever they bend, whether to the Northward, down the Chanel, into the River, or towards the ''Do'xnsJ that you with Our Squadron do get under Sail, and (quitting the 'T)o'-a;us either by the North, or South Foreland^ according to your Dilcrction) endeavour to follow them, lb as always, if polTiblc, to keep between them and their Home. And in Cafe of their attempting to make any Defcent, by landing of Men upon any of Our Coalb, you are to proceed hoftilely upon them, for the preventing, or interrupting them as much as may be in their laid Attempt. 4. That Care be timely taken, by Orders to be given in that be- halfi that efTedual Provifion be always made for our Ships reforting to fomc known Places of Rendezvous, in Cafes of Separation; and that as frequent Accounts of the Proceedings of the "Dutch be by you dilpatched, as conveniently may be, to the Secretary of Our Admiralty, for Our Information. And whereas, for the better in- forcing the prefent Squadron of our Ships under your Command, We have determined upon converting thole of the fifth Rate into Fireiliips, and fitting out others of the third and fourth Rates in their room, in the doing whereof all Endeavours of Difpatchwill be made. Our Will and PleaRire is, that you do forthwith ilTue out your Orders to the Lord Berkeley^ to take the firft Opportunity of Wind and Weather for bringing the Charles Gaily to Sheernefsy that her Company may be removed into fuch other Ship as we ihall by Our CommilTion appoint for him. But We are pleafed to diredl, that in cafe the Referve be dill with you, and that you conceive her to be in any Condition of being kept abroad a little while longer, for -an- fwering the prelcnt Exigence, till thele Recruits, or Part of them, can come to you, you do refpite the fending her to Tortfmotith till farther Order. For which this fliall be your Warrant. Given at Our Court at IVindfor, the twenty fecond Day of ^«^a7?, 1688. By Command of his Majefyy . S. Pepys. Sir Roger Strickland being thus inftrudtcd, I refer you to the following Account of the Strength of the Squadron, and of what Ships were ordered to be got in a Readinefs to join him, viz. gg Number 4 1 o NavalTranf anions of the Engliih, Book IV. ships defigned Numbcr uiidRates of Ships which were with Sir Roger Strickland. to intercept the Dutch Rates Number. :EUet. 3 ^ _ I 4 • 5 6 Firelhips — Ordered to befitted out to join him. 3 . 4 • 6 . Firelhips — in all 6 1 Befides fix Tenders, which were to be employed as Scouts. Sir Roger found that thofe Ships he had with him were very ill manned, and fincc there was but little Prolpedt of a ipccdy Supply of Seamen, he defired that Ibme Soldiers might be icnt on board to make up that Deficiency, which was done, but not with that Speed the Nature of the Service required. He adviled with thofe Officers in the Squadron whom he judged the mofl: experienced, and communicating to them the Contents of his InftrucSions, both he and they were of Opinion, that they ought, when vidtualled, ^"^ilTt'o\ii ^^ ^^'^ "-^ "-^^ ^"Cjy of the Guufleet, on this Side Harwich, fince tl'tl'e'Gun-'" they might fooner get Intelligence there of the Motion of the fleet. I^ntch, than by flaying in the 'Downs., for that with Wcfterly Winds it would be five or fix Days before the Scouts o^oiOrford- ncfs could ply it up ; whereas the Squadron might fooner put to Sea from the Gnnfeer, upon Notice that the Dutch were come out. But if when this fhould be confidered by his Majefly, it met not with his Approbation, he propofed that one or two of the Scouts might fail diredtly to the Coaft oi Holland, to make Difcoveries, , whilft he, at the lame time fenttwo of his cleaned Ships off of Or- fordnefs for that purpole. luni jsmes'j Soou after King James received this Propofition, he fignified his Direcitonsjo pieafufc thcrcupou, and that in fuch a manner, as made it apparent 'J^' ' ' the Opinions of the Flag Officer, and Captains under him, were not fb much adher'd to as might have been expeded from the Contents of his Majefly's firft Inftrudions; for he let Sir Roger Strickland know, that having confidered well of what he had propoled, and debated the fame with feveral of the moft experienced Commanders, and Mailers, he was fully convinced, that it could not in any wife be convenient for his Service to put the fame in Execution ; for that the Gunfleet, at fiich a Seafbn of the Year was a very ill Road, and that, if theWind fhould hang Eaflerly, he would be liable to be driven up the River by lUcDutch, which ought above all things to be avoided. Wherefore he diredcd him to go out of the Downs with the firft Eaftcrly Wind, and to place himfelf between thz North- Sand Head, and Chap. I. from theTeav 1688, to i6^q. 411 and the Kent'tjh Knocks there to coutinuc under Sail in the Day time, andat Anchor in the Night, if fair Weather ; butifit happened to blow hard, and that the ^Dutch Fleet did not appear, to proceed by the back of the Goodwin Sand to Bologne Bay, and there remain until he was (arisfied they were eicher pafTcd down the Chanel, or gone "up the River ; in the former of which Caics ic was recommended to hiai to follow them as near as he judged convenient, until they were between the L'iz>ard and Scilly, and fmding them proceeding far- ther, to return to St. Hellen's Road, or Sj^ithead; bur if they bent their Courlc into the River, he was to endeavour to return by the back of the Good'juiu^ and to get the Wind of th.cm. For the reft it was left to him to proceed as he Ihould judge mofl: proper, v%7ith this only ■Caution, that as Ibcn as the Wind came up Weftcrly, and that nor any of the loremcntioned Cafes happened, he was to repair to x.\\Q.'Do'-jjns. Thefc Dircdtiou?, rather to proceed to Bologne Bay than the Giiji- Jlcet, were deterrrtined upon a lolemn Debate the Day before they bore Date, fviz.ihc ^G■^' oi Augtift) in King James's Clolet, 2X IV'tnd- for, the following Pcrlons being prclcnt, who were particularly lumraoncd from London., namely, the Lord 'Dartmouth, Mr. Te^ys, Se- cretary of the Admiralty, Six John Berry, and three elder Brothers of the Trinity Houlc oi'Deptford Strand, Capr. At kin fan, Capt. Mudd, and Captain Rntter, together with Captain John Clements. The fecond of September Sir Roger Strickland had Advice from one of the Scouts that twenty five Sail of the T>ntch Fleet, flxteen AdvUe ofthi of them great Ships, were o^ o'i Goree, on the Coaft oi Holland, Re-Jtii'iejs cf ibme of them under Sail, with three Flags, 'uiz,. Admiral, Vice, and 'tf '^""'"'^ Rear, and that they all lay with their Topfaiis loofc upon the Wind- ward Tide. King James thinking his Squadron (which though but very weak- ly manned, were, for what Rcafon I know nor, forbid to prefs Men ^^^ Sijuadr^n even out of homeward bound Merchant Ships) not of lufficicnt I'/^f^j.^" Strength to intercept the Dntcb, ordered them to retire to the Buoy oftheNore; but commanded that two of the cleaneft Frigates (hould £ly off* oiOrfordneJs, and that upon the firfl Approach of a foreign "Fleet, one of them ihould immediately repair to the Nore, with Advice thereof, and the other remain in her Station, to obferve whether the laid Fleet made up towards Ilar'-jb'ich, or the River, and then alio come to the Nore, and give notice thereof by the u- lual Signals. And that the Motions of the Tintch Fleet might be the better known, it \Vas recommended to Sir Roger Strickland, as a Matter of greateft Importance, lb to employ all the Scout Vcflcls, as that he might have from them, and King James himlclf from him, the mofl frequent and exadt Accounts of their Proceedings on their own Coalt, and of their Departure thence. The Beginning of O&ober King James appointed the Lord Dart- month, Admiral of the Fleet, who diligently apply'd himlclf to- ^""^ Out- wards the haftening to the Buoy of the More all Ships and VcfTels "^°"^J; 7^„,.. which were fitting out in the Rivers o{ Thames and Med'U^ay, and lat'o/ile received the following Inftrudions for his Governracnt. ^''"• o g g 1 James 4 1 2 NavalTrdiifcichons of the Engli (h, Book III James R. ''fe'lfni"'" Wl^^^'^^^ ^^ '^''^^'*^ received undoubted Advice, that a great and D.utmouih. VV Sudden Invafion from Holland, with an armed Force of Fo- reigners, and Strangers, will be made ipccdily, in anhoOilc manner, upon this Our Kingdom ; Our Will and Plealiire is, that all uecefTa- ry Orders being by you iffued for the hadcning Our Ships and VeA feJs, now fitting foith out of the Rivers d Thames and Medway, and from 'Fortf^nouth, together with thofc already at Sea un- der tiic Command of Sir Roger Strickland Knight, Vice- Admiral ofourfaid Fleer, to their intended Rendezvous at the j5//(J)' (j/'z/j^ Nore, (a pcrfed: Lift of which Ships, Firclhips, and other Ve/Tcls, is hereunto annexed) you do, u ith all pofiibie Diligence, repair on board our Ship Re/olntion, Captain Jl'iUiam T>azis Commander, or Inch other of Our Ships as you Ihall now, and at any times hereaf- ter, think fit to bear Our Flag, as Admiral, upon taking upon you the Charge and Condud: of Our faid Fleet, and what other Ships iiiall at any time hereafter be by Us let forth for reinforcing the fame. Which Fleet, and every Part thereof, We (out of Our entire Reliance upon your approved Loyalty, Valour, Circumfpcdion, and Experience) do hereby authorize and em'power you to lead, and by Our Orders, to diredtand difpofe of, at all Times, and in all Emer- gencies, as you in your Difcretion Hull judge mod conducing to Our Honour, and the Safety of Our Dominions, and particularly in the preventing the Approach of any Fleet, or Number of Ships of War from Holland, upon any of Our Coafts, or their making any Defcent upon the lame. Towards your more effectual Execution whereof. We do hereby empower and require you, to endeavour, by all ho- ftile means, to fink, burn, take, or otherwile deftroy and dilable the laid Fleer, and the Ships thereof, when and whcreloever you Ihall meet with, or otherwife think fit to look out for and attack them, giving a perfcdl: Account of your Proceedings therein to the Secre- tary of Our Admiralty for Our Information. And for i'o doing this Ihall be your Warrant. Given at Our Court at jyh'itehall this firfl Day of 0At Tiepford. Abjiran. Rate Number 3 _ 4 6 Firefliips Yachts 14 2-4 2 CMoft of which 18-^ were made fo (^ from fifth Rates. 3 Of which 38 were of the Line 61 of Battel. ' A Council of The Fleet being at the Gunfieet, and ready in all refpeds to pro- war at thi cccd to Sea, his Lordfliip called a Council of War, and by a great Gunflett. Majority it was refblved to continue there : not but that lome, and particularly Sir IVilliam Jennings., (who commanded a Ship of the rhird Rate) thought it much more advifeable to proceed over to the Goaft of Holland, and there attend the coming forth of the 'Dutch Fleet. This laft Propofal did certainly carry the greateft Weight with it, had there been a real Defign of obflrudting the Prince of Orange in his Paflage to England; but, inftead of that. Matters were fo concerted, and agreed among the Commanders (who had frequently private Meetings to confider the Circumftanccs of Affairs) that had the Admiral come fairly up with the "Dutch, it would not have been in his Power to have done them much Damage, although I have rcalbn to believe his Lordfliip and fome of the Captains would have exerted thcmfclvcs to the utmofl:. ihe Dutch Things being at this pals, the Ships of the States- General, cora- ^/"c/ "iffleet'' ™^"^cd by Admiral Herbert, pafTed by the Gunfleet in a very fog- gy Day, and fomc of the Traniports with Soldiers were even within fight ; while the Englijh Fleet rid with their Yards and Topmafts down, and could not, by realbn of the Violence of the Wind, pur- chafe their Anchors. The fame Wind which thus detained the Englijh Fleet, was very fair to carry the Prince down the Chanel , and continu- The Dutch ej fo until he arrived in Tor bay , where his Forces landed the TorTay!"' fourth oi No^uember , which were about fourteen thoufand Men; but Chap. II. from the Tear 1 6HS, to 16^-]. 415 but (Ince ( as I have been informed) his Highncfs was rather expcded in the North , it was lome time before the Gentlemen of the Country could conveniently put themlelves into a Condition of joining him; infbrauch that calling a Council of War, to confider what was moft advilahle to be done, his Return to Holland (as it hath been reported) had like to have been determined. However the Country came in by degrees, and King James's Army thereuoon de- ferting, even by whole Regiments, and the befl: of his Officers aifb leaving him, while others Ibewed no greater Inclination than the common Men to engage in his Quarrel, the Prince marched with little 31ood-fhed to London^ and the unlbrtunatc King, with his Qiiccn, retired to France not long after. Bnt fince this Matter hath been more amply related by others, I ^f"^ ^"g'"^ fliaii return to the Englijh Fleet, which put to Sea as foon as they %lfl ifZ could purchafe their Anchors, and taking their CourleWeftward, came t)utch. in tew Days o(r orTordajy, where the TDiitch Ships lay. The Lord 'Dartmouth had not viewed them long, e'er a Storm aroie, which forced him out of the Chanel ; but returning in little time, and be- ing again off of the aforelaid Bay, his Lordlhip gave them an Op- portunity of I'ceing what his Strength might have enabled him to have done, had our Inclinations been to treat them as Enemies. The Prince being landed, as aforefaid, and all things favouring his ^^^ Engiifh Defigns, his Lordfhip failed to the 'Do'uans, where ieveral Officers, '"'" '" '^* known, or at lead luipedted, to bei?o;»^;/Catholicks, were difinifled °^ "^ from their Employments, which was followed by an humble Ad- drels to his Highncls ; and not long.afcer the Ships were difpcrlcd, ibme to the Dock Yards to be dilmantlcd and laid up, others to be clean'd and refitted, while thole in the bcfl; Condition tor the Sea were appointed to neceffiiry Services. C H A P. II. Admiral Herbert'.? ^^^^^^'^^'^ ^ French Squadron on the Coajl (9/ Ireland, with an Account of what happened in that Kingdom ^ and of Admiral Ruffel':? carrying the ^leen of Spain to the Groyne. \ LL polllble Diligence being ufed in preparing for an early Cam- ./"^ P^'g'i the next Year, and particularly to prevent the French King's lending King y^Wf/, with a Body of his own Troops, mx.o Ire- land^ Mr. Herbert (foon after created Earl o^TorringtonJ was ap- a-,»5 William point^ Admiral of the Fleet the fourteenth oi' March, who coming m<"""^'^- to Tortfmouth the twentieth of that Month, found that the Ships "'JT,!,!^ai^cf^ which were ordered to join him from the Eaft lay Wind-bound in the the Fleet. "Downs. The twentieth o'i April all thoic dcfigned for the Med't- "^^y- terranean were added to him ; and he having had notice fome Days before 41^ NavalTra?ifacHom of the Englifh, Book IV. before that King James was landed in Ireland, he haftened to that Coaft with all the Strength which could poflibly be gotten together, hoping he might intercept the Ships of War which were his Con- voy ; the reft he ordered to follow him, and to do it rather fingly, than lofe time by flaying for another ; and the Places appointed for Rendezvous were the Coaft of Ireland, or ten Leagues Weft of Scilly. HhProaed- Coming before Cork the feventeenth oi April, with only twelve wgs to ihe Ships of War, one Firefhip, two Yachts, and two Smacks, he was r'"'/''f«'jf»- infof"^^*-' ^^^^ King y^/wfj (who was condudted over by twenty /4'»5'«sln- two Ships from France) landed at ATi///^/^ about two Months be- xr^ Bay. fQfe xiiis led him to proceed firft offofBreJ/, and then to range to and fro in the Soundings, in hopes of meeting thofe Ships ; but failinf' thereof, and returning to the Irijh Coaft the twenty ninth oi April, he dilcovered in the Evening, o^ o{ Ktnfale, a Fleet of forty four Sail, of which he loft fight the next Day ; but judging them to be to theWeftward of him, he bore away, with the Wind Eaftcrlv, for Cape Clear, and in the Evening faw them ftanding in- to Bantry Bay. He lay in the Offing until Morning, and then ftocd towards them, having encreaied his Strength to nineteen Ships of War, but the 'Dartmouth, a fmall Frigate, was one of the Num- ber. The French were at Anchor, being twenty eight, moft of them from fixty to upwards of leventy Guns, and lome bigger, with five Firelhips ; and the Tranfport Ships (which carried to Ireland about five thoufand Men) were at Ibme Diftance plying to Windward. Upon fight of our Ships, thofe of the Enemy got under fail, and when the Admiral had, not without difficulty, worked up within two Miles of them, they bore down on him in a very orderly Line, and one of their Ships being within Musket- ffiot of the 'Defiance, which led our Van, they two began the Fight, as did the others after as foon as 'twas poflible. His Lordlhip made leveral Boards, intending thereby to gain the Wind of the Enemy, or at leaft to engage cloler than they icem'd willing to do; but finding he could not do either, and that it was not advilcable to maintain in liich a manner fo un- equal a Fight, he ftretched off to Sea, not only to get his Ships in- to a regular Line, but to gain the Wind, if poffible ; but lb very cautious were the French in bearing down, that he could not meet with any Opportunity of doing it, lb that continuing the Fight up- on a Stretch, until about five in the Afternoon, the French Admi- ral tack'd and ftood in towards the Shore; and as our Ships had fuffered ib much in their Mafts and Rigging, that not the one half of them were in a Condition for farther Adtion, fo doubtlefs the French received confiderable Damage. How far their Admiral was reftrain- cd by Orders I cannot learn, but certain it is that he made very lit- tle ufe of the greateft Advantage ; for as he had the Wind, io had he double the Force, bcfides Firelhips. Confidcring therefore all Cir- cumftances, and that moft of our Ships were very ill manned, they came ofT more fortunately than could realonably have been cxpedl- ed ; for there were no more than ninety Men killed, and two hun- dred Chax^. il. from tbcTear 1^88, to 169-]. 4.17 died and Ibvcnty wounded, Captain George Aylmer being the only Captain Hain in the Adlion. After this Dilputc was over the Admiral repaired to his Rendez- TheA,mirai vous, which was ten Leagues Wci\. from the Hlands of Sci//y, where ''etums to he was in hopes of meeting with liich an additional Strength, as ^P'^'^"'^- might have enabled him to proceed in learch of the French ; but being dilappointed therein, he returned to Sptbead, where Orders were lodg'd for the immediate fitting the Ships, and all fuch as had not before join'd the Fleet, but were fo far advanced as T'limoitth, o\- Scilly, were remanded to S^itbead^ at which Place thole coming from the E.ifl: were alio diredted to rendezvous till farther Orders. Such Dilpacch was made, that the Admiral arrived with the Fleet o9i oi'Torbay about the middle oi June, and not many Days after fcvcral S'lips of the States-General reached Sfithead, with their Ad- miral, a Vice, and Rear Flag ; and they, together with Mr. i?«/^^/*, ^dmiralR\i[- thcn Admiral of the Blue, failed the fecond of Jnly to join the Bo- ^^' ""'^ dy, eptford and 'Dartmouth proceeded towards the Major-Gencral, the laft of which Ships he lent up ro Kilmore to receive his Orders, and then returned to the Bonadventure 2tXi6Tortland,\\'\i\-\ Intention to continue there until the Arrival of the three Ships he expected from the EzrlofTorrington, Ad- miral of the Fleet. By this Afliflance the Supplies were lafely convey'd supplies fent to "Derry, the Siege of which Place was ioon after raifed : And a- '"'" i-ondon- bout this time the King's Forces, commanded by Colonel Berry, ,l"llige"raif- ncOiX Lin as kca, had a flgnal Vidtory over the Enemy, infbmuch f(i. that, with the Number killed by the Army, and thofe which were "^^^f/p °ll knocked on the Head by the Country People , they loft not lefs Y.ingi forces than four thouiand Men ; and their Cannon, with moft of their fur- «MrLinaikca, vivinti Officers, were taken, among whom was Major-General Mackart'ie, who was fliot through the Thigh, and run into the Back. Soon after the Commadore met the Duke of Schonbcrg, with the ^"'* Sc*j^'j Tranlport Ships coming into Bangor Bay, in Carrickfergm Lough, ^n\\'\lU where he landed part of his Army the iamc Night; but many oi -u-'^th torctu theTnnfports were wanting, and with them feveral fmall Frigates, the Charles Gaily, Supply, Saudadoes, 'Dartmouth, and Tearl, in qucft of which the 'Portland was lent to the Iflc of Man. H h h X The 420 NavalTra7if anions of the Englilh, Book IV. The twenty fifth of Atiguft the Ships in the Ir'tjh Seas were dif^ poled of as follows : BonadventurCy Mary Gaily, Antelope^ Supplyy Fanfan Sloop, Anne Ketch, Charity Ketch, Kmgsfijher Ketch, Edward and Sufan Hoy, 'Dartmouth^ Prince fs Anne, Charles Gaily, Greyhound, Vnity Ketch, Tearl, Henrietta Yacht, Monmouth Yacht, Portland, SaudadoeSj Welcome Ketch, SwalloWy I At Carrkkfergus, before which 1^ Place the Army encamped the ■ twentieth, and it furrendered the twenty eighth. At Hylake. Cruifing off of the Ifle of Man. Cruifing between ^Dublin and Mau. Off of Cape Cant ire. With Major-General Kirke.^ sir George Rooke orde, ed to cruife The Squadron having continued at Carrickfergus feme time, the Commadore was defired by the General to take with him the T)ept- ford, Bon advent lire, Mary Gaily, Swallow, Portland, Antelope, 'Dartmouth, Archangel, Samp/on, Scepter, Trincefs Anne, Han- nibal, Smyrna Merchant, Supply, Greyhound, and Henrietta Yacht, together with leveral Ketches, and to cruife with them off of Kinfale and Corke, or where he fliculd judge he might fo do with moft Advantage, the General keeping with him at Carrickfer- Ipart'of gus the Charles Gaily, 'Pearl, Saudadoes, Fanfan, St. MaloMer- the squadron chaut, and feveral fmaller Veffels, which were put under the Com- w Co'rke!^ mand of Captain Roach of the Charles Gaily. The Commadore putting to Sea, endeavoured all that poffibly he could to get Southward, but was forced by bad Weather into Bangor Bay, where he received Orders from the Lords of the Ad- "'r' f'^'u'f '"'''^'^y ^° ^^^^ ^'* ^^^ ^^^^^ Ships of War to Hylake. In his Paf- 'hired Men'of ^^gc ftom Carrickfergus he was obliged by a ftroug Southerly Wmd wartoHy- to bear up and Anchor at the Skerrys, about twelve Miles from 'Dublin, where fending the Yacht in to gain Intelligence of the Ar- my, leveral Shot were fired at her from the Shore, upon which he ordered the Ketches in, and manning all the Boats, landed about two hundred Men, who beat out of the Town thole which pretend- ed to defend it : But the Hills being covered with Horfe and Foot, he ordered the Seamen off^ left they ihould be too much expofed ; for lake. I Chap. III. frovt the Tear 11^88, to 1691. 421 for they are far from being the mofl: orderly in a Retrdat : How- ever, before they embarked they cither (laved, or brought off all the i'mall VefTcls and Fifherboats. The fixtccnth of September the Commadofe came into T^nblln Bay, where he had Thoughts of Anchoring, and to lend the Yacht and Kerches into the Harbour to attempt the tdking or burning the Enemy's Ships and Vcflels ; but the Wind veering out, and blowing hard, he was forced away, io that arriving o^oiCorke the eighteenth, he ordered the Yacht and the four Ketches into the Harbour for In- telligence, and to affure the People of their Majefties ProtedJion up- on Submiffion ; but the obftinare Irijb having planted fourteen or jhe people of fiiceen Guns on both fides the Harbour's Mouth, plied upon the Corkc o[,pt,]e VefTcls both with great and fmall Shot ; notwithuandirig which, f„'Jlfj',l"" they proceeded, landed their Men, and took Pofleflion of the Great hour by i;r IJland: But the Ships being very foul, and in want of all Species of '^'^"'^se Provifions, the Commadore was conftrain'd to leave his Station, s,°"(jeoree and repair to the 'Downs ^ where he arriv'd the thirteenth ofRookear- Oefober. rhesmthe ViceAdmiral Killcgrew was on the twenty eighth oi December vkc-Admirai 1689 appointed Admiral and Commauder in Chief of a Squadron de- Kiiiegrew 4/.- figned for the Mediterranean, which was compofed of one Second ^Zlmtnd Rare, four Thirds, kvcn Fourths, one Fifth, and two Firefliips, with squadron which (upon Admiral Ruffel's Arrival at Spithead, or fo many of ^"""'^ ""** them as fliould then be with him) he was to put himlelf under his ^ilfgo! Command, and to follow his Orders for proceeding to the Streights; but llvcral Accidents happened which prevented his joining the faid Admiral. Admiral Rnjfel being appointed to condudl the Queen ef v^ i^^7. 423 Comp.iny for their Rendezvous. But it was neverthclcfs leFc to the Admiral to give them other Dircdlions, in cale he judged it more advileablc, and to fend them Home, with the other Trade for Eng- land, in ii.ich Manner as (according to IntclHgcncc) he Ihould think moft proper. 3. Having dil'pafchcd away thcie Convoys, he was, with the 'Duke-, Berwick, Rcfblurion., Alonntagiie, Biirford, Newcajile and Greeuivlch, together with the 'Dutch Ships appointed to join him, and x.\\Q Half Moon, and Cadiz Merchant, Firclhips, to attend the Motion of the French, either in a Body, or in liich Manner as might niofl conduce to the intercepting them, and to the Safety of the Trade, and to attack them if he found himlclf of Strength fufficient; but if they happened to pafs the Strcights, he was, upon the firft Notice thereof, to follow them. The i'cventh oi March he failed from Torbay, but arrived not at hU failing Cadiz, till the eighth of the next Month; for he met with extreme -^'"^'^°!^^^^'J* bad Weather, inlomuch that Icvcral Ships of the Squadron were much a.- c.idiz. ihattcr'd, and two Dutch Men of War unhappily founder'd, one of Jcvcnty two, and the other of fixty Guns, having before but one Mart Handing between them, and that but a Mizen. In repairing thole Damages he met with no little Dilcourageraent and Interrup- tion from the the then Governor oi Cadiz, who on this, and all o- ther Occafions, demonftrated how much he inchned to an Intercfl: which was entirely oppofite to that of the Allies. Mr. KillegrcoD received on the ninth of May three fcveral Expref- ^he Advkes fe?, one from the Conlul at y^licant, another from him who refidcd /'« received of at Malaq^a, aud the third fiom Captain Skelton, who was with Part 'j-'^ Thouion <-»' j^ ■ I I ii,-i 1 I 1 Squadron. of the Squadron at Kjibraltar, all or them letting him know that the Tionlon Sqnadrcn ccmn"andcd by Monficnr Chateau Renault, was iccn from thole Places, and that it confiflcd of ten Sail, three of them Ships of eighty Guns each. A Council of War was hereupon Refolittionofa called, where it was refolved to fail with as many Ships as were in '^^r^"" "^ a Condition, and to join the fix Euglijh and Dutch which Captain Skelton had with him at Gibraltar, who was ordered not to attempt any thing untill fo joined, but to take an elpecial Care for his Safety. Accordingly the Admiral failed the tenth, at four in the Morning, with the Evglijh Ships following, viz. the Duke, Mountagne, Eagle, Tyger, Portland, Fanlcon, Happy Return, Richmond, and Sapphire, being one Iccond Pvatc, two thirds, four fourths, and two fifths, as alio two Ships of the Line of Battel of the States GeneraJ, called the Guelder landt and Zurickzce, with which was Lieutenant- Admiral Almondc, but there were left behind a third Rate, thfe Re- folution, and a fourth Rate, named the Nc-jacajile, as alio a Prize taken by Captain Bokenham of the Happy Return, called the l^iigins Grace, which were found not to be in a fit Condition for the Sea The tenth, at eleven at Night, the Wind was at W. N. W. and t'J'nTet'rch the Squadron had then Cape 'Trafalgar E. and by N. about four c///-* French Leagues off! At four a Clock rhe next Morning rhcy fteer'd away H'"*'^"^- for the Streight's Mouch, and had Cape Spartcll S. W. dillant a- bout 424 'NavalTra7ifacno72s of the Englilh, Book IV. bout fix Leagues, at which time the Admiral detached the Tort land to Gibraltar, with Diredions to Captain Skelton to get ready and join hira. About one in the Afternoon he got into the Bay, when there came on board him three Spanijh Gentlemen from the Gover- nor of the Town, with Advice from the Commander in chief at Cetita, a Spanijh Garrifon on the Barbary Coaft, that there had been ieen the Night before fourteen Ships at Anchor in the Bay of Tetiian, a Town about feven Miles from Ceuta ; and the whole Squadron being now under Sail, confiftingof one fecond Rate, three thirds, fix fourths, two fifths, and two Firefhips of the Englijh^^w^ five Ships of the States General, they flood over for Ceuta Point, with a fair Gale at Weft, where they lay by all Nighr. Early the next Morning Mr. Killegreiv fteered away for the Bay of Tetuan, where he found only two Ships, one at Anchor in the Weft Part of the Bay, the other under Sail about two Leagues Eaftward of her. The latter efcaping put abroad the Colours of Algier, but the other being imbayed, flic was taken by Vice- Admiral yUmotide, and proved to be a French Ship bound to Autegoa. T/;eThouion The Wind fliifting to the E. S. E. a Ihnall Gale, our Squadron ftood \ZltT^'^' over for the Spanijh Shore, and having CW//^ Point W. N.W. di- ftant about two Leagues, the Men at the Maft-head faw ten Ships to the North, lying with their Heads Eaftward. Notice was given of this to Monfieur Almonde, who could not fo foon difcern them, be- caufe he was about two Leagues Southward of our Ships, and in a very little time after the whole Squadron ftretch'd over for Gibraltar Hill, the Moimtagne being lent ahead to obferve and give Notice of the Enemy's Motions. At eleven a Clock flie fell aftern, her Cap- tain having difcovercd that four Ships were under his Lee, lb that all Endeavours were ufed to get up with them, and about one a Clock they were not above two Miles ofT, when it being difcerned that they ran, our Ships let their Top-gallant Sails, and crowded after them as much as pofTibly they could ; but the French had the bet- ter Heels, for they were juft cleaned, whereas lomc of ours had been feventeen Months off of the Ground. The Thoulon The Chale was continued till ten the next Day, and as then the Squadron e- Eucmy wctc about fout Lcagucs ahead, fo were the 'Dutch, with fcapes. feveral of the Englijh Ships, near hull to aftern ; nor had the Ad- miral more than the Dukey Moimtagne., Eagle, and Portland near him. Notwithftanding this, Monfieur Chateau Renault kept on his Way, who had thirteen Ships, viz. fix Men of War, three Firelhips, a Tartane, and three Merchant Ships ; and there being no Profped: of coming up with them, the Chafe was given over; but between nine and ten in the Morning, the Richmond and Tyger forced one of the Merchant Ships on Shore Weft ward oiTariff'a, oppofirc to Tan- gier, which with great Labour was got ofT The Admiral lay by un- our s%« «- till it was three a Clock, and then the reft of his Squadron coming ^fr'om If hence' up, he borc away for Cadiz, but, by Reafbn of contrary Winds, the vice-Ad- could not reach that Place until the twenty firft. From thence he *"''"'' ^'"^^fj] dilpatched away the feveral Convoys, namely, thcTjy^^";', Ne-wcaftley ^plhe ^D^ Oxford, for Smyrna, commanded by Captain Coal; the Tort- Streights. 5 latld. Chai*. IV. from the Tear i6SS, to i6^j. 425 ;n lue la-id, Gr'cenxvich, and Faulon, to Scanderoon, under the Condudl or C.I ; rain Ley^ and the Sapphire and Ricbmoiid were appointed for J\iala'^a nnd yllicanty under the Command ot" Capt. Bokenbatn. Th'.s being done, and all things put in order for the Squadron's Return for England^ (wvzc the French Ships had pafTed the Strcights, the Admiral Ice Sail, and in thirry five Days arrived at 'Tlimojtthy J'/te-yr^mitai with one lecond Rare, and four thirds of ours, together with the rLes^aTFu'-' Virgin Trizc, and Half-AIooii, and fix Tiiiich Men of War. At momh. Tlimonth he received Letters from the Lords of the Admiralty, by which he was informed chat the French Fleer, after an Engagement, had obliged ours to retire, and that they hover'd about Rje^ "Do- ver^ and thole Parts ; for which Reafbn he was advilcd to take care He is advifed for the Security of his Squadron. This occafion'd his calling ^^ '<> remain Council of Wa*-, where it was determined to proceed with the Ships ir, ndi Fleet into Hamoze w ithin Tlimoiith Sound, for it was judged they could ^'■'"^ '» not be otherwiic lafc ihould the French attempt them; for, being ^'"''"^'• great Ships, they could not run in at any time of the Tide, nor were they in a Condirion to put forth to Sea, until fuch time as they had taken in Warer, Scores, and Provifions. At this Confultation there were Vice-Admiral Killrgre'-jv, Vicc-Admiral^///?«7//^t', and Rear- Ad- miral Evert (on, as alfo Sir Clovdejly Shovcll, Rear-Admiral of the Red, who was arrived at Tlimouth trom the Coall of Ireland. Chap. IV. ^n Account of the Earl of Torrington'5 engci^mg ths French /'to c^c/Beachy. THE Engagement off of .fif^rA-y, \n Snffex, (which happened the thirtieth of y'^wCy) between the two Fleets commanded by iCgo. the Earl of Toriington, and Monfieur Tourvi/k being iome Days before Mr. Ki/kgrcSs Arrival at 'Plimonth, it naturally leads me to the giving the fellowing Account of that Action. The Earl of Torrington being with the Fleet at St. Helen's, was not a little fiirpri/.ed at the Advice he received from ll^eymoiitb, that The r.ariof the French were entered into our Chanel; for lb far was he (by all ^ ""'"S'on the Intelligence he had received) from believing they were in that rice of the forwardncls, th.u there were not at that time any Scouts VVcllvvard 1 rcch f^^^c/'^ ... . . . . . _ _ _ . ieiii^^ i>i •'- to oblcrve and bring an Account of their Motion : But as this News ""'' '" ''" was foon confirmed from many other Places, it was judged high time to uiufter up all the Ships withm Reach, both Engltjh and iJntcb, and to put them into the bed Condition that might be of Defence ; which being done, his Lordihip failed the twenty fourth, early in the "" ^'■'"■"•'^• Morning, with the Wind at E, N. E. and Hood to the S. E. the 'l'/;'. '"""'''' French having been leen the Day before, by the Scouts lately fcnt our, on the Back of thclllc oiJVtght; and the next Day our Fleet I i i being / 4-26 NavalTra?ifa£lmisofthe^ng\iih, Book IV. being reinforced by the Lion, a third Rate, and feveral T)utch Ships of War, were with a N. E. Wind in Sight of the Enemy. About four a Clock next Morning the Admiral edged towards the French, who were about three Leagues from him, and tho' when the Wind lliifted to the S. E. and S. E. by S. he tacked and ftood Eaftward, yet at three in the Afternoon the whole Fleet went a- bour, and ftood Weftward again. The French took feveral People from the Shore, and when they had punifhed them for magnifying our Strength, they were pleafed to difmifs them, with a Letter to the Admiral (as I am informed) from Sir William Jennings, (who commanded an Englijh Ship of War at the Revolution, and now ferved in no better a Port than that of third Captain to the French Admiral) by which he prelumed to promife Pardon to all Captains who would adhere to the Intereft of King James. A farther Reinforcement arrived of feven Dutch Ships; with Ad- miral Evert fon, and another Flag-Officer ; but the two Fleets con- tinued looking on each other, without Adion, until the thirtieth; for the Admiral was not willing to engage before the Ships he ex- pedted from the Eaft had join'd him. But notwithftanding the Ene- my were fo much fuperior in Strength, as feventy odd Sail to fifty, jen^^'en-Ze ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ S'^'ps wctc generally larger, pofitive Orders were lent ths Lnemy." to him from Court to give them Battel: Whereupon the Signal was put abroad, as loon as it was light, for drawing into a Line, which being done, the whole Fleet bore down on them, while they were under Sail, by a Wind, with their Heads Northward. At eight in the Morning the Signal was made for Battel, when the French bracing their Head-Sails to the Mafl, lay by; and about an Hour after the 'Dutch Squadron, which led the Van, began to engage Part of the Van of the French; half an Hour after which our Blue Squadron encounter'd their Rear ; but the grcatcft Part of the Red, which were in the Center, could not engage until it was near ten; and as th^y were then at a confiderable Diftance from the Enemy, To was there a great opening between them and theDurch. It was obferved that as our Ships bore down on the French, they lasked away, tho' probably that might be only to cjofe their Line ; and afterwards feveral of their Ships towed round with their Boats until they were out of Shot, inlbmuch that it was hoped the Ad- vantage would have fallen on oar Side ; but it was not long e'er it appeared the Dutch had fufTered very much, and chiefly by their being (for Want of a neceffary Precaution) weathered andfurround- cd by thofe French Ships which they lelt ahead of them when they began to engage. No fooner did the Admiral perceive their Condition, than he fent them Orders to come to an Anchor, and with his own Ship, and feveral others, driving between them and the Enemy, anchored a- bout five in the Afternoon, at which time it was calm; but judging it not fafe to renew the Fight at fo great a Difadvantage, he weighed at nine at Night, and retired Eaftward with the Tide of Flood. jin Account oj the Engage ment off of Beachy. The Chap. IV. from the Tear 1688, to 16^1. 427 The firft oi'July in the Afternoon, he called a Council of War, our Fleet n- whcrc it was relolvcd to endeavour to prefcrve the P^lcct by retreat- '"^'^ f"^', ing, and rather to dellrny the dilablcd Ships, if they (hould be preft the Fren^ch by the Enemy, than hazard another Engagement by protedling /'•"■/«'• them. The French very indifcrectly purfu'd in a formal Line of Battel, whereas had they left every Ship at Liberty to do her utmoft, ours would undoubtedly have been more roughly handled, e/pecially thole which were cripled in Fight; but each one Ibifting for her lelf^ (as 'tis natural to do in liich Calbs) and Caution being had in anchor- ing moft advantageoufly, with regard to the Tides, which the French took little or no notice ol"i wc thereby got Ground confi- derably of them. However they purfued as f.ir as Rye Bay, and one of the Engl'ijh Siiips, called the Anne, of feventy Guns, was run on Shore near IFinchel/ea, having loH: all her Mafls, where two French Ships attempting to burn her, the Captain laved them that Labour, by precipitately letting fire to her himlclf. The Body of the French Fleet flood in and out off of Bourne and Temfey in StiffeXy while about fourteen more lay at Anchor near the Shore, fbmc of which attempted to deftroy a "Dutch Ship of about fixty four Guns, that lay dry at low Water in 'Panfiy Bay ; but her Commander fo well defended her every high Water, when they made their Attacks, that they at lafl: thought it convenient to dcfifl:, fo that this Ship was got off, and fafely carried to Holland-, but it fared not lb well with three others of that Nation, which were on Shore on the laid Coaft, for their Officers and Men not being able to defend them, they fet them on fire; lb that with the three Ships deftroyed by the French in the Adion, the States General lofl fix of the Line of Battel. Ou the eighth the French Fleet flood towards their own Coad, rhe French but were fcen the twenty feventh following off of the Berry Head, "P'^-'' '<> 'J'"'- a little to the Eaftward of 'Dartmouth, and then, the Wind taking"""* them fhort, they put into Torbay. There they lay not long, for they were difcover'd the twenty ninth near Pl'imduth, at which Place very good Preparations were made, by Platforms and other Works, to give them a warm Reception. The fifth of Auguji they appeared again ofTof the Ram Head, in number between fixty and leventy, when flanding Wcflward, they were no more fcen in the Chanel this Year. Our Fleet retreated towards the River of Thames, and the Admi- ral going on Shore, left the chief Command to S\x John AJloby; but care taken to firfl gave Orders to Captain Monck of the Thmiix, together with '^'jf ' ""'^/j','^^ four more fifch Rates, and four Fircfhips, to anchor above the Nar- aLmy come row of the Middle Grounds, and to appoint two of the Frigates to lowanU the ride one at the Buoy of the Spits, the other at the lower End of the ^'^'^' Middle, and to take away the Buoys, and immediately retreat, if the Enemy approached: Or if they prcfs'd yet farther on him, he was' ordered, in like manner, to take away the Buoys near him, and to do what Service he could againfl them with the Firefhips; but flill to retire, and make the proper Signals in fuch Cafe. I i i i This 42 8 NavalTraiifdtYions of the Englifh, Book IV. This Apprehenfion was ibon over by the Enemy's drawing of?i as is beforemcntioned, lo that the chief thing to be done, was to put the Fleet into a Condition to go to Sea again : Not but that this unlucky Accident occafioncd various Reports and Coujedtures, and the 'Dutch were very uncaly upon account of the Damage they had fuftain'd, inlbmuch that Icveral Perlbns of Quality were fent to Sheerncfs to examine thoroughly into the whole Matter upon Oath; and after the Earl oiTorrhigton had continued Prifoner in the Tower for fevcral Months, he was at lafl: try'd, and unanimoufly acquitted by a Court-Martial , held at Sheerncfs the tenth of 'December , where Sir Ral^h 'DelavaU prefided, who had adted as Vice- Admiral of the Blue in the Engagement : And, if I miftake not very much, this was the firft: time that ever an Englijh Admiral was called to an Account in luch a manner. SeveralNolle- men and o- thers appoint- ed to examine into the Ani- on upon Oath. The Earl of Torrington tr'^'d at a Court- Mar- rial, and ac- quitted. The Fleet put under the Command of &ir Richard Haddock, Admiral Kil- legrew, ami S;r John Afti- by. C H A P. V. An Account of the joint Admirals j Sir Richard Haddock, Mr. Killegrew, and Sir ]o\\n Ailiby, their proceeding with the fleet to Ireland, and Return from thence^ TH E Fleet being in a good Forwardnefs, it was put under the joint Command of Sir Richai d Haddock, Mr. KtllegreiJUy and Sir John Ajhby, Two of thofe Admirals arrived in the T>owns the twenty firft oi Au^iiji, and iailing from thence the twenty fifth, were join'd by Mr. Killegrew off of Trover with the Ships he brought from the Streights, which had been confined at Tlimouth by realbn the French were in the Chanel, as has been before ob- ferved ; and the Fleet arriving at Spithead the twenty eighth, the Admirals received Inftrudions in what manner to proceed, and to take the Ships hereafter mentioned under their Command , which were then difperfed at the feveral Places exprefs'd againft their Names, viz. i The Strength of the defign- td Fleet, Rates. X z Ships. Sovereign Sandwich Coronation T>uchefs Royal Katharine Neptune 'Duke Ofory Captain Grafton ^Defiance Where. ^At Spit head. Rate. Chap.V. from the Tear iS^'^, to 16^1, 42^ Rates. Firefhip Firelhips Ships. Elizabeth Berrjuick Hope Breda Edgar Hampton-Court Expedition Suffolk Sterling-Cajlle Rejiatiration Lenox Warfpight Cambridge Exeter Kent Northumberland Monmouth Ejfex Swiftfure Refolution Eagle Burford Montague St. Michael Harwich Modena hir'd Sampfon hir'd fVolf hir'd Charles Gaily *T>ragon Hopewell Saudadoes. Salamander Fubs Yacht, c Griffin Cadiz Merchant Charles Hunter Owner's Love Wolf Vulture Hound ^Telican Where. >At Spithead. At Blackjiakes. At the Nore. In Longreach. At the Nore. In Longreach. Gone to Holland, In Longreach. At "Deptford. At Spithead. So that the whole Fleet, befides Dutch^ were forty three, great and fmali, viz. one Firft Rare, eight Seconds, twenty eight Thirds, four Fourths, three Sixths, and ten Firelhips, of which all but eight were joined, and they were all ordered to be victualled at Tortf- mouth as follows ; the Firft and Second Rates to the twelfth of Oc- tober, 430 NavalTranfaElmis of the Englifli, Book IV. arrive in Ire land tober^ and the Third Rates, and under, to the twenty fixth of that Month, having at this time on board them the Ed^xloi Marlborougby General of his Majcfty's Forces, with upwards of five thoufaud Sol- diers, bound to Ireland. The great But thc Wintct Scalon advancing, the Admirals were directed to shipi fent a- ^g^^^j ^j^^, gxcdX Ships to Chatham, which were the Sovereign, "Duke, ham.'" '^^ Coronation, Duchefs, Sandwich, Neptune, Ojfory, and Rojyal Ca- tharine ; fo that they hoifted the Union Flag on board the Kcnt^ a Ship of the Third Rate. A Scarcity of Provifious fell very ihort, and there was a great want of good Seamen and Scamcn to navigatc the Ships ; however the Admirals put to Sea, TheMmirah puriiiaut to the Commands they had received from the King, and ar- froceedami rivcd bc forc Cor/6 Hatbour the twenty firft oi September, where they anchor'd ; for the Tide of Flood being done, thc Pilots would not venture in. Next Day they weighed, and in a Calm towed in towards the Harbour's Mouth, from the Larboard fide, whereof fe- veral Shot were fired at them from a fmall Battery of eight Guns, but ibme of thc Boars being feat on Ihore to attack rhem, the Enemy were Toon forced from their Guns, which being difmounted, their Carriages were thrown into the Sea, and the Ships got in without farther Interruption. proeeedinp Ncxt Day, bctwccn two and three in the Morning, the greatefl: a^aw/i Cork. ^^^^ ^^ ^.j^^ Soldicrs wcrc put into proper Vefiels, which carried them up to a Place called 'Parage, and in the Afternoon the reft, together with the Marines, were landed. The Day following, about five or fix hundred Seamen, Gunners, and Carpenters were put on Ihore, who proved very ulefial in draw- ing up the Cannon to batter the Town ; and the Powder and Shot taken out of the great Ships at Tort/mouthy was made uie of by the Army. The City of The twcuty fifth, before Day, ten Pinnaces, were fent up with Coik tahe/i. armed Men to afilfl: in attacking the Town ; and the Admirals were pur in hopes by the Earl of Mar/borough, that it would be in the Poficdion of 4:he King's Troops in three or four Days, as indeed it happened, for they took it the twenty ninth. The Fleet or- The King uow Commanded the Admirals to return to the 'Downs dered by the ^vith thc Flcct, and to leave behind them fuch Ships only as were u"L'Dovins, needful, who accordingly appointed fevcn Third Rates, one Fifth, but fome ship's ouc Sixth, thc Owner's Love Firclliip, and a Tender to each, to be left at Cox)!, under the Command of the Duke of Grafton, then in a Ship called "Lndofthe by his own Title, and with the reft of the Fleet they arrived in the vukeojGiiii- TJowns thc eighth o{ October, bringing with them, by the Earl of \°", . Marlborough'?, Defirc, Colonel Macnllicot , who was Governor of from Ireland Cork , the Eatls of TjTone and Clancarty, Lord Carr , Colonel by thehari of Qrj^Qfi /yjacartny. Lieutenant Colonel i?>'fo/', Mz}or Macarttiy, and '" 'j^°' Captain. -M?/^ ; and having difpofcd of the Fleer, according to the Lords of thc Admiralty's Orders, by fending Ibme to thc Nore with Sir Ralph 'Delavall, and others to Tortfmonth and Tlimouth, the reft w£re left with Sir Cloudejly Shovcll in the T)owns. X His Mariro 10 U! Chap. VI. from the Tear 16'^^, to 16^1. 431 His Grace the Duke of Grafton was unfortunately wounded at ^*^ ^'*'" "f Cork with a Musket Ball from the Walls, when he was ihewing his JcS*'^'"' wonted Bravery and Zeal, by encouraging the Seamen on Ihore, and labouring as much as any of them at the great Guns, of which Wound after having languiflied lomc Days, he died, leaving the chief Command to Captain Alatthrsi Tenant., who being blown up in the Breda in Cork Harbour, the Conduit of the Squadron regularly fell to Captain John Crofts of the Charles Gaily ; and as ibon as they had taken on board the General, with the Soldiers, Marines, and Prilbncti:, they loft Ireland, and arrived in the 'Do-ji-ns the twenty Icveuth of Oclober. Chap. VI. Sir Cloudelly Shovell'^ Proceedings on the Coaji 2, ,3 ,4 . \t:^^ ^A^■ .\ . r One fixth Rate, four Fri- Vice-Admiral i, x, <, z. ^ ' ' -" Igates. gl^g J CTwo fixth Rates, three '^Admiral o, 3, f, i. onc of fjxteen, two Fire- fhips. tnanning ih Fleet. Sp tljat of Engl'ijh and 'Dutch there wcr€ feventy four Ships of the Line, befidcs others which the Dutch Admiral expedled, and there vyajS Iprnp Probability, at leaft, would join the Fleet. ^c cajonot be laid that the Ships were fb well raann'd as eould have been wifla'd-, t+io' great care had been taken, and the Nation put to an extraordinary Expcnce in Tenders, and other Methods, for im- prcfilng and entertaining Men. One thing, among orhers, which gave no Ijttlc Obftrudtion was, the Proclamation for-l^ddirg prefllng Interruptions Mk:u froni Coliicrs, which encouraged fick Men, as ibon as they m the timely coujdj crawl from their Quarters, to Icramble up to Loudon, and, for the fcke of greater Wages, enter thcmfclves on zNe'^caJtleYoyzgt, and many of them without any regard to their being made Run, and thereby lofing all they had earn'd in the publick Service. Be- fides, there were many Letters, even at thi'^ iuic, Icatcer'd by ill njcaning Pcrlpns among the Ships, advifing the Sailers to dciert ; io that no Remedy rcmain'd to.cuie thisDifeale, but recalling the afore- liyd Proclamation, or keepmg the Men on board, when fick, and luftcring them to die milerably. Many more Obftiucftions there wcr.e to, the timely manning the Fleet, but the chiefcft was the ex- travagant Wages given to Seamen by the Merchants, who, for lucre thcrcot^j Icujked up and down, and hid thcmlclves, until the Ships whereto they belonged were ready to proceed to Sea, infomuch that very great Numbers, even of the befl Seamen, were by this means ufclcis to the Crawn, The Admiral was acquainted on the tenth of May by a Principal Secretary of State, that there was reafon to apprehend the French intended not only to fend Ammunition and other Iijftrumcnrs of War to Irelatid^hui to tranfport alio a confidcrable Number oilrijh from thence to Scotland-^ and that therefore it was the Queen's Pleaiiire he Ihould endeavour to intercept them in their Pa!^ fage to GalliJi-^y, or to deftroy them in that Hajbour ; for which realbn her Majelly commanded him to lend the Fleet to St. Helen's, or Ckap.VII. from the Tear i6SS, to 16^-]. 4.37 Or Splthead, and to repair hiiniclf immediarcly to Town and attend J"' -^d.-z^.-r^i her, that lb tlii?, and all other Affairs rclarinj; to the E\pedition, Tj^^/fi- jv-' might be maturely confideied of: And her Majcfty concurring wirh ro vr. H;.- him that 'Dunkirk ought not to be ncglccttcd, ordered hiin to rake ''"'"'^' "."'' '" care, before the Fleet iailcd, for blocking up that Port, if the 'Dutch '^,TL'ldv^Vd Ships cxpecfled rhcre did not timely atiivc. •''-•A. When he returned to the Fleet he had Orders to lend fomc Ships r.e or.Wcd to into the Irifh Chanel (as he himfclf had propos'd) to cruilc upon J"'^ 1"'"^ the Co^.^o( Scotla7id, witiiout Cnntirc, that lo they might prevent ^tsTrJtVJr'n the Frefich in tranfporting any Forces Irom Ireland to that King- from ireiu.i dom ; and he was inform'd that Letters from Dublin gave an Ac- " ^'^''''^"^• count the Enemy were not then arrived, but that if a late Report from a Dane might be depended on, it was very probable they would fbon be there ; fo that it was earneflly recommended to him to haften x.oGalli:}ay, and endeavour to deRroy the Ships before they could unlade, and receive thofc Soldiers which were to crabarque. This Order would have been immediately complied with, but r//? r/^er that the Fleet could not well flir from the Downs until join'd by the '""1'^ "''.' ["'^ Ships off oiDiiuki} k, for fcveral of them were of the Line of Bat- "hJshiL if tel; but fince the failing of the Tides would prevent the French get- ''/ Dunkuiv. ing out of that Port, ours were loon cxpcdted thence, and when they were arrived, the Admiral propofcd lending : hither a Squadron of ten Ships, Englijb and Dntch, luch a Number being all he could well .pare, lo as to have the Fleet of any confidcrablc Strength. It was his Opinion, indeed, that they would not be fuflicient ; and therefore he dcAred the Lords of the Admiralty to join others to them ; and when he dilcourfed the Dutch Admiral about tliis Af- fair, he lcu];d him not willing to part with any of his Ships, ibr he allcdged thathehad pofitive Orders from the King not to do it until his The Reaf.ns Number was thirty fix, of which no more than twenty eight (even !!'^'> '''" at this time of the Year) were arrived. This put Matters under mtlai /!d „ot iome Difficulty ; and as the leaving io many Ships Irom the Englijh /-»-? ^f-'f- Fleet would very much weaken it, lb was it therefore defired that ^"^ ■'^""'■"'^• Admiral Allemonde's Orders might be thus far difpcnlcd with, as to allow of h.is iparing a proportionable Number oi'Dtitcb Ships to join with ours; which might have been the rather granted, fince they would have had Opportunity of returning to the Fleet as Ibon * as Mynheer Toll arrived with the Squadron defigncd for Dunkirk. To this the Admiral received for anlwcr, that the Qiiecn had not any Advice from the King that the Dutch Admiral was ordered not to part with any of his Ships until he had thirty fix, but that Ihe haxJ written to his .Vajcfty that he would be plcafcd to lend Orders to the Wxi^yJllemondc to follow his Diredions. And now the Qiicen commanded that the F-leet Ihould piocced as foou as it was poliiblc, The'.p_je.'„ o,-. aceordiiig to her former Indrudlions, without ftayinii; for the Return 'f''/ *"" '" of the Dunkirk Squadron ; dircding withal, that if the Dutch Ad- e Cardonnelly ''•"^•^^'^• of Southampton, had been afTurcd by rhe Mafter and Seamen of a French Prize, that all their Fleet fi' ted out at Brejl (except four not ^idvice that ready) were gone to Belle Ifle, and that the Ships of Rochefort and *^" French Thoulon had join'd them there, as it was fuppoied fifteen Gallies H'^/Jafbtuc from Rochfort, and as many more from Havre de Grace, had alio //». done This News of the French Fleet's being gone to Belle Ifle gave the Admiral no little Satisfadlion, for he was in hopes it might luckily occafiou 4+0 NavalTrmifaBions of the Engliih, Book IV. occafion his meeting them; and he was of Opinion that they would naturally chufe to hazard a Battel, rather than remain at Brejt^ and expofe theml'elvcs to be attempted in that Harbour; a Jealoufie whereof was probably given them not only by Monfieur dii ^tefney, but by Monfieur Gennes alfo, who were not long before in England^ and one, or both, confulted about this Affair, the latter of whom fome timeafcer found an Opportunity of conveying himielfto France^ that lb he might be able to communicate what he had heard at the Engitjlo Court. There were other Reafons alio to fulpedt that our Dcfigns bad taken Air, for feveral things contain'd evea in the Queen's InftrucSlions were hinted in the ^aris Gazette. The Aimirai Not many Days after the Admiral received Advice from Court u informed that the French Squadron was certainly gone back from Ireland, that the ^ ^^^ fj^^f^ jjj jjII Probability, the Tranfports would get clear of that (/r7» wj/" Kingdom before our Fleer could arrive; and therefore it was recora- gone back mcndcd to him to fail to Brejt, Belle Ifle, or I'ome Station thereabouts ; and therefore ^"<^ ^^^ rather, fof that the French Fleet's attempting our Smyrna is advifed to Ships might prove of very ill Confequence to England and Holland. ■^"'Lf.' ^Z" V To this were added thcle folfowiiTg Reafons; that fliould the French Bre'fi/ W^tx. be in Breji they might be block'd up there ; their Trade be in- terrupted, and ours lecured ; and that if Intelligence could be gain'd they had let out any number of Ships, with Intention to interrupt our aforefaid Trade from Smyrna, a Squadron might be the better fent from thence in Quefl; of them. Captain Toll was rrow arrived off of 'Dunkirk with the 'Dutch Ships, but it was judg'd the Squadron would be too weak to awe the French in that Port ; lb that a Council of War being called, it was relblved that they Ihould be flrcngthened by four Ships, in regard Admiral Allemonde had now his number of thirtv fix, and that he was therefore willing to make a Detachment for this Service. But notwithftanding; Captain Toll was ordered to join the Englljh Ships» he lay before Newport, and writ to his Admiral for Diredions how he lliould proceed, who thereupon fent a Frigate with pofitive Or- ders to him to adt in conjund;ion with them. The Weather continued fb very tempeftuous that the Fleet could not ftir from the Downs with any manner of Safety ; but that they might be the better able to do Service when at Sea, the Admiral "^^k^tTilf '^ho^ghf if neceffary to take notice a fecond time, that he was tied that "he' "P ^y the Queen's Inftrudious to lie off oi Brejl until the Smyrna Queens Or- Fleet arrived, and defired that that Matter might be explain'd; be- tfm u'T/off ^^"^^ '^ ^^^ French Fleet were out, it was his Opinion they ought «/ Bieii //// to be followed to Belle Ifle, or any other Place. In Aufwer to this the Smyrna^ he was acquainted, that it was not intended he fhould be tied up by Feetarnv ^^^^^ Infttudions fo much as he imagined, though feveral Lords of the Privy Council had made the very fame Objedions, but were fa- risfy'd upon the Orders being read and explain'd to them. The Weather began now to be fair, fo that he determined to tide it away Weftward, and to leave for theDnnkirk Squadron two Eng- hjh Ships of fixty Guns each, three of fifty, and one of fifty fix, with a Firelhip, and a Sloop; and of the Dutch five of fifty Guns, i one Chap. VII. from the Tear 1688, to i^5>7- 441 one of fifty four, one of fii'ty two, one of forty, one of thirty fix, one of thirty four, one of twenty fix, one of twenty four, and ano- ther of twenty, making in all twenty one. Accordingly he failed, and bcin^i on the fourteenth of June, fix Leagues S. £. from the '^'"^'"'f'>'^' Ide of Height, ir was by a Council of War of the Flag-Omcers z- jrom tht greed, that the Station lliould be eight Leagues Weil from Ujhant, Downs. and tliat from thence fomc Ships Ihould be detached to look into Brefl for Intelligence. The nineteenth oi Jmie, tho'the Wind had been continually contrary, (as it was all along from the time the Fleet firft arrived in the 'Doit'fisJ he got off of Tlimouth, but by bad Weather was forced back to Torbay ; and now he received a Letter from Mr. Aylmer (dated off of Cape St. Vincent) by which he -j-^^ Admird judged the Smyrna Fleet was in Ireland, or at leaft very near the rtceives aa^ Somd'vigs. 11^' ;/;^;^^^ The VVcaiher being fair, the Admiral got under Sail the twenty '"^"^w,"' Iccond of June, and when he was off of 'Dartmouth, an Expreis "/"'^^ French came Irom Mr. Greenbill, then Naval- Agent at Tlimouth, with Ad- ^'ZVIighvj vice thjt the Enemy were at Sea with eighty Ships, whereupon all sml. poffiblc Diligence was ufed to get over to the French Coaft, and on tiie tu cnty eighth (UJhant bearing E. S. E. nine Leagues diftance) Tome Fifliermcn were taken from the Shore, who confirmed the News, and laid the French Fleer had lain becalmed four Days off of that Ifland. Upon this the Flag-Oflicers being confulted, it was re- folvcd t) flretch over to Cape Clear for the Prefervation of the a Council of Turky Fleer, and not meeting with News there, immediately to re- ^^^r unani- turn off of Brejl ; and the Place of Rendezvous was appointed to be Z'/Hldol^r fix Leagues Wefl: from Scilly with a Wefterly Wind. ro ca/* Clear. There was at this rime a Projedt on foot to join fome Ships to a Projesi for the Spanijh Armada (as they called their infignificant Fleet) in the J'""'"S /"»* Str ighrs, his Catholick Majefty having offered not only to fit out "l "^^j ^/f/ ten, (fuch as they were) but condcfcendcd alfo not to expcd: or give 'he Spamfli Salutes, or to have the Command in chief in thofe Seas; fo that all f^^^Jlfg]^^ things were to be concerted at a Council of War, and each Nation to do the bed they could for the publick Good ; but tho' the King did not chink fie to determine any thing in this Matter, until fuch time as it could be feen what Succcls might be had againft the French in thcfe Parts, yet afterwards a very confiderable Part of the Naval Force of England and Holland was fent thither under the Command of Mr. Rujfel, at which time the French, with many Ships from Breft, and their whole Thonlon Squadron, were endeavouring to make their utmoft EfTbrts in the Mediterranean, and had entered with their Land Forces on the Confines of Catalonia; which Expe- dition ihall be particularly treated of in its proper Place, The Fleet being now at Sea, luch Care was taken to preftrve the Smyrna Trade, that fingle Ships were appointed to cruifc for them on every proper Point cf the Compafs, while the main Body pafs'd over to Cape Clear; and when the Admiral came off of Kinfale he found they were fafely arrived there. Mr. Aylmer, who commanded The Titet joins the Squadron, was ordered to coine out and join him, it being rcfolv'd 'cl„.^J]^pr to conduit them as tar as the lllauds of Scilly, and there to leave them Kinfale. Lll if 442 NavalTrajifaci'tonsofthe^ngliih, Book IV. Jhe Smyrna Convoy part- if chey had a fair Wind to proceed up the Chanel : But that they might not run the lead Hazard, a Frigate was fent before to 'Pli- moutb^ to bring the Admiral Advice, eight Leagues S. W. from Scilly^ whether any of the Enemy's Ships were on the Coaft. He had determined upon his parting with this Trade to go off of IJJhaJit, and if the French were gone from th.nce to follow them to Belle Ific ; but being afterwards of Opinion that they Jay in the Sea, purpofely to avoid our Fleet, he altered his Reiblution?, and relbivcd to go into a more proper Station in Search of them ; fo that ^ _ parting with the i5'7/z)'r//^z Ships ofT of .yc;//)' the thirteenth of y/z/y, he Td'zvnhTar.ci fuft Ihaped his Courlc towards the French Coaft, from whence he '^'/%'{"'h ^^"'- ^Letter to the Secretary of State, dcfiring that it might be con- "tcncii co'aj. fidered whether the Fleet, before its Return, could be Icrviccablo to- wards the Redudion of Ireland, for that the Proviflons would lalt no longer than the latter End of jlugujt, and after that Month was expired, he thought it not lafe for the great Ships to be out of Har- bour; but dcfircd that a Supply of Provifions might be ready at Tlhnonth^ that lb the Want thereof might not obftrudt any necel- I'ary Service. sLvdUr- No fooner was Xjhant difcovcred from the Maft-head, than Sir dcred ivnh a Cloudejly Shovell was lent with a Squadron to look into Brejl, and IVinutTQxt^ the Admiral himfelf followed at a convenient Dillancc. When he ' was about a League from St. AAz^r/j£"ay's Point, he f^ivv about forty Sail comingoutofi>Vr// Harbour, which proved to befmallCoaflingVeflels of Bretagne^ with three Men of War, of about thirty fix or forty Guns each ; and one of them (landing to the Leeward of him, he fliot down her Main- Yard, but llie putting before the Wind cfcaped through the Rocks called the Chickens-, where the French Pilots on jir.d gets In- board'our Ships did not think fit to venture. He got Intelligence '^French that the Frcuch Fleet had been at Sea near forty Days; that not a- lUet. bove a Week before a Ship of eighty Guns failed from Breji to join them, and that a Water-Ship had not been long come in, which left them about forty Leagues Wcftward of Ujhanf, where, and up and down in the Soundings, it was reported they had been ever fmce they put forth to Sea. sir Cioudefiy gjj. CAoudclh, to decoy the aforementioned Ships, flood in with jeverai Part of his Squadfon under trench Colours, the others navmg none French s/;;;j at all ; and the French '\\\ thole Parrs being informed that their Fleet by putting a- j^^ taken feveral Enzlilh Ships, believed their Admiral had fent them broad white , f i , '-' *^. i .... Colours. home, io that they were commg out to meet rhem, unagining that our Ships which Ihewed French Colours were their own Men of War* and that thofe without Colours were their Prizes; but findmg their Miftake, every one (liifted for himfelf in the bed manner he could. At this time the Marquci's oi Carmarthen, (incc Duke of Leeds, took with his Sloop two Men out of a Boar, who were going ofl^ as they thought, to vifit their Friends. Thefe Men reported the French Fleet to be eighty four Ships of the Line of BcUrcl, which though the Admiral thought to be almod impoffible, yet, the Wind being fair, he made the bell: of his Way to be an Eye-Witnels there- of, having ordered the Rendezvous, in cafe of Separation, lo be ten Chap. Vil. fromtheTear 1688, to 1691. 4.43 ~ — J E ^ " L ten- Leagues S. W. from Scil/y, and for any Ships in Diflrefs, by bad Weather, or othcrwiic, Tor/fay, or "Tlimouth. The twcury feventh of this Month ofjtily, the Fleet being about several thirty Leagues from 1)fl?aut, icveral Vcfllls were feen under Convoy '''rench ships ©fa Man of War, and two Ships luppoied to be Firefliips; and it}"fj,£y was rcaibnabie to believe by their working that they took ours for uaguet from the French Fleer, which we endeavoured to confirm them in, by ^''^""^' f"'^ ihevvinL!, Wiiire Flags and Colours ; but one of our Captains being ,akln, who too iorward in chafing, gaye the Alarm, lb that only three of the Z"'-^' ">- ^<=- fmall VclTcls tell inro our Hands. Zl°^''"'" This Convoy was going with frefli Provifions to their Fleet, which the Pniilbners reported confifted of ievcuty fix Sail, from an hundred to fifty Guns, and thirty Firelhips; that they lay fixty Leagues Weft, or W. S. W. from 'VJhaut, the very Place where our Fleet was at this time, though none of our Scouts had yet gotten Sight of them, which created a Belief of what the Priioners laid, that Monficur Tour- -viUe, uhcir Admiral, had Diredions from the Kiue his Mafter to a- ^' P"'"''-'^'-- ^ /• 'y "/ coming void US; in order w hereunto they kept their Scouts at a confiderable upwiththeE- Diftauce from their Fleet, on all Pomts of the Compafs by which "'y' ""^'' '"' they could be approached, and being chafed by ours, ran away and ZiLTul "" jmadc Signals to others within them ; lb that it was impofiible to -cojfae up with their Body, although the Englijh and 'Dutch Fleets failed in llich a Pofturc, as that the Scouts on each Wing, and thole ahead and aftern, could, in clear Weather, fee twenty Leagues round : So difficult a Thing it is for the chief Commander of one Fleet to bring his Rival at the Head of another to an Engagement, ii he feeks to avoid it, cfpccially when, by his being in the open Sea, he hath Opportunities of io doing, and of dilcpvcring by his Scouts all the Movements he makes, or knowing what Approaches he either can, or cannot make towards him, according as the Winds may be. Tvhe Admiral finding that all Methods for coming pp with the E- nemy proved ineffectual, he dcfired to know how he ibould proceed with The Fleet; for though he thought it not advifcablc, while the Fr-eikch were out, to anchor in any I)ay, yet he feared the coutinu- ang 'fo long at 'Sea might very much endanger the Health of the 'Men, it having not been cuftpmary to furnilli them with fiich Rc- 'frelhracnts at Sea as the French conftantly had ; nor was it indeed ^cfuolily in our Power ib to do, by Reaipn of the Remotenefs of our Ports. IThe twenty ninth o^ July her Majefty font Du-e(flions to the Ad- •'HiiiFa.l, that \ixk^ French Fleet, was uot at Sea, Pr in ,fuch a Statipn 'XVihciC prudently, he cpuld attack thc^n, he ihould .fortjivvith repair to ^^^ f'«' <>'- t'lhe Coafl: oi Ireland, for Security of our Merchant S;hips; but left coaft'ofhl- e lav ally Rear- Admiral Rooke, Rear- Admiral Shove II. 'Dutch. Admiral Allemonde, Vice-Admiral Vandeputte, Vice-Admiral Callembergy Rear- Admiral Evert fin. Who taking the feveral Particulars into Confidcration, determined that the following Anfwers fliould be made thereunto, viz. I. That it was not convenient for her Majcfty's Service the Fleet fliould continue at Sea longer than the laft oi Augtifl. 1. But if the Service did abfolutely require their ftaying out lon- ger, the utmoft time ought to be the tenth of September. 5. That when the great Ships could not longer keep the Sea, the moft convenient Place for them to remain at for farther Orders was Spithead. And 44*^ NavalTrmif actions oj the Eiiglifh, Book IV. Audit was alio agreed chac between ten and cvvenry Leagues W. S.W. from Scilly was the moll proper Station for the Fleet to cruile in, fo as to cuubic them to do Service. This Refolution of the Flag- Officers being communicated za the HerMajtjiys Qucen ill CouDcil, her Majefty was plcas'd to let the Admual know, pieafure fig- jj^^^ altho' flic had, by former Orders, lufficient ly informed him what TheRefJt of Setviccs flic cxpedcd from the Fleet; yet fince the French were now a Council of jq Camaret Bay, and that probably he might have an Opportunity '^'"'' of attacking them there, Hie thought it ought not to be ucgleded ; for that it was rcafonable to believe the Attempt might be made before the Expiration of the Time the Council of War had limited for fending home the great Ships. . However, her Majefty confi- dering the Scalbn of the Year, which was far advanced, and other Accidents at Sea, (not to be forefeen or judged of at Land) did not think fit pofitively to command the Fleet's returning before Breji-, but declar'd ftie would be fatisfied with the Reiblurion of a Com^.cil of War in that Matter ; altho' Ihe thought there was not any thing fo defirable, or {o much for the publick Intercft as a Battel, could it be attempted without too great Hazard on the French Coafl. Tht Admiral The Admiral returning an Anfwer the twenty fourth, obierved, *ttlt hl'is'or- ^^^"^ ^^ ^^'^ "° Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty to obey dtred by the cithet the King's or her Majefty's Commands, as the Earl of Tor- Admirait'jto ritigtou formerly had when be commanded the Fleet; nor any Or- ■To"hzY"tiii tiers from their Lordfhips contradid:ory to their firft Inrtrudions, (al- farther Or- tho' he had fcveral times writ to them on that Subjed} which di- ''"■• red:ed him, on his Return to Torbayy to remain there till farther Orders ; and that though, upon confidering the Contents of the foregoing Letter from the Secretary of State, he had once refolved to fail, yet in regard of the Hazard, as wcil as the Inconveni- ences he might himfelf he expoled to, he did not think it fafe for him to carry the Fleet to Sea without particular Orders ; and the Day after he dilpatch'd away this Anfwer, he called a Council of A Council of War, where the Flag Officers came to the following Relblutions, in War debate a- relation to the attacking the French Fleet in Camaret Bay. JeFr'e'nch'jf " That although the Enemy were there, yet confidering the Camaret jj]ccn expeded their longer " ftay, there wanted Orders from his Majcfty for the lirrre, as wdl *' as for their Revid:uailing ; for the King being Stadtholdcr of tlTa'C *' Rcpublick, their Admirals received all their Inftrudtions imme- " diately from him. " But altho' it was the Opinion of the Council of War, that *« there was an abfolute Ncceffiry for a Squadron to be kept abroad, " and that if a fufficient Qiiantity of Vidruals could be provided, a " Detachment of proper Ships might be made for a Month ; yet " they were cautious in advifing the Number, not knowing what *' Strength the French would have at Sea. The twenty fifth 0*1 An gn ft the Ad;^-iiral received Oi-ders from '^^^^ ^'^mWd- thc Lords of the Admiralty, prepared in Obedience to her Majefty's 'luef"o 'tl Pleafurc fignified at the Cabinet Council, whereby he was directed "ad to lie in a forthwith to proceed to Sea, and to lie in luch a Station as he judg- ''''''■''''' ^""'"^ ed moll proper, as well for meeting the French Fleer, Hiould they French pZ/ff, come out again, as for the Security of the homeward-bound Tradb, ""'i f^cure th^ the Ships in the River Shannon, and the intercepting Succours from '''^'"^"' France to Ireland : But when the firfl; and lecond Rates could Be no longer continued abroad with Safety, he was to order them to Spitbcad, there to remain till farther Directions, and to appoint the Ships of fmaller Rates, (both Englifl? and "Dutch) which were in a Condition for if, to cruiie until the thirtieth o^ September (if their Provifions would laft lb long) in the mofl proper Station for anivver- ing the three lafl: Services beforeraenrioned ; which Station theit Lordflu'ps were of opinion ought to be between twenty and thirty Leagues S.W. ofTof Cape Clear, though they thought fit to leave that Matter to his Determination. He was alio farther directed when he came in with the great Ships, to appoint three oitV^Eng- lijh Flag-Ofiicers to remain with the cruifing Squadron, and to or- der the Senior of tliem, at the Expiration of his Cruilc, to bring home with him the Ships of War in the Shannon. Purfuanc to thefe Orders the Admiral put to Sea with the very ThePlcet jails. firft Opportunity of a Wind, and on the thirty firfl o^ Anguft, about ten in the Morning, made the Land of 1)Jhant. The Fleet flood in until fix that Night, and then, being but four Leagues from the Shore, tack'd, and laid it off with an eify Sail till break of Day, at which time they ftood in again ; and at twelve at Noon, when they were about three Leagues from the Land, there was not any thing fcen like a Sail, fo that the Admiral fleered away for the Lizard, tea Leagues W. S.W. from which Place was the appointed Station. Had 44-8 NavalTranfaEiions of the Engl iih, Book IV. Had the French inclined to a Battel, a fairer Opportunity than this could not have been given them ; for they might have had the Advantage of the Weather- Gage on their own Coart, buu tliey con- tented themfelves with lying iafe in Port. The Fleet was now in great want of Beer, which obliged the Ad- miral to defire that fome Veflels might be icnt to Khifalj with a Sup- ply, that fo a ftop might be put to the Inconvenience^; and Clamour which would unavoidably attend the Men's drinking Water in the Thtjidmirai Winter; and he repreiented that, without a prelbnc Pioi'pod: of do- cfopmLn the jng Scrvicc, the hazard lb many unwieldy Ships wouIJ run in long ^'^"hfmt'to Nights, attended with fo uncertain Weather, was too great, fince the 'hha^rded Natiou did not ftand in need of any thing more ar that time, than ivhhout a pre- ^ Squadron ftrong enough to proted: the homeward bund Trade, ifsnvff!^ to refill what Force the French would probably fct forth, and to give Countenance to our Affairs in Ireland: All which Services were but too much interrupted by the whole Fleet's gf"ing out again; for had the three Deck'd Ships been fumiflicd with Frovifions iuffi- cient only to have carried them to their Port?, the others might have been much fboner fupply'd, and dilpatchcd to their intended Station: Nor were his Apprehenfions groundlcls, that the dividing our Strength at Sea might have very much expofcd ciie whole; for had the French got nonce that it was fo intended, it was rcaionable to think they would not have flip'd io promiflng an Opportunity of intercepting fo many of the beft Ships oi England and Holland \ for with an Eafterly Wind they might have reached the Lizard, near to which Place thofe Ships would have been obliged to pals as they ftood up the Chanel. He alfo objected againft the great Ships going to Sp'ithead, fince by coming to an Anchor there, an Opportunity of Wind might thereby have been loft, for their getting timely about to Chatham^ which would not only have encrealcd the Charge, by keeping the ^^^n^ordtud ^^"O longer •" P^y» ^^^ h^^^ occafioned Delay in their refuting; a Work which called for all poffible Diligence and Application, fince fo great a Number of Capital Ships were to be docked and repaired for the next Summer's Service. And that I may in Ibrae meafure fliew what hazard fuch great, and confequently laborious. Ships do run at iiich a Scalon of the Year , I defire you will be referred to the following Inftance thereof, viz. The Fleet being in the Soundings the fecond of September^ a vi- olent Storm arofe, infomuch that all which could pollibly be done st'rmmtht" ^or thcit Prelervation was to bear up for fo dangerous a Port as Soundings, Tltmouth; and what from the Continuance of the Wind, and Ha- zinefs of the Weather, the Ships were fo confufedly fcattercd, that the greateft part of them were not leen when the Admiral himfelf came to an Anchor in the Sound: But when it grew fomcwhat clearer, one of the lecond Rates (which prov'd to be rhe Corona- tion) was difcovered at an Anchor off of the Ram Flead^ without any thing ftanding but the Enfign-ftafT, and foundering foon after, her Commander, Captain Skelion, together with her Company, ex- cept 3 tht Admiral' i Objeilions a- gain/l the great Ships flaying at Spithead w in. The Haz,ard the whole tvhith forced them to bear up for Pli- mouth. Chap.VIL from the Tear 1 6^^, to 169-]. 44.^ c:pc a very inconfiderable Number, were loft. Many of the bi^geft: Ship^ not being able ro weather the Eaftermoft Point of Land at the Entrance into 'Flimonth Sound, were conftrain'd to take Sanc- tuary there, in that Confufion which a Lee Shore, thick Weather, and a very hard Gale of Wind rauft unavoidably occafion ; infomuch that the Havjj'icb, a third Rate, ran on Ihore and was bulged ; the Royal Oak and Northtimhcrlaiidy Ships alio of the third Rate, tail- ed on the Ground, though afterwards they were happily gotten off; a great 'Dutch Ship was icen at an Anchor above five Leagues in the Offing, with a:l her Mafts gone, and fcveral others very nar- rowly efcaped the Danger of the Rock called the Edtfione. The Ships which were to Windward had indeed the good Fortune to carry it clear ; but although it pleafed God to tern:iinate this Matter with no other Lois than is already mentioned, unlefs in Marts, Sails, and Rigging, which were milcrably Ihattcr'd, yet, in the Eye of common Rcalon, it might have proved of very fatal Conlcquence. Many Objedtinns were made, at the beginning of the War, againfl: the Heet's returning fo late into the Sea, though at that time it con- fined of no more than fixty Sail, and but one of them fupcrior to a third Rare ; and conlcquently a greater Hazard was now run with a Fleet of eighty Ships, twenty fix whereof were of the greatefl: Magnitude. Nor cculd the French themfelves have defired a bet- ter Game, than thus to know the Strength of England and Hot- Und were contending with Winds and Waves while they fecured themfelves in Harbour. The Admiral liaviiig given Orders for refitting fuch Ships within his reach as had received damage, and left Sir Cloudejly Shovcll at IHimouth ro lie the fame perform'd, put forth to Sea, and arriv'd at St. Helen's the eighth of September, but before he failed he or- The Admiral dcred Sir Cloudejly to fend five Fourth, three Fifth, and two Sixth ff';^'! "' ^'• Races to cruife in the Soundings^ in iiich Numbers together, and in mi^uft'siT' fuch Station'^, as might mod cirecftually conduce to the Security of ^^-loudcfly the homeward-bound Merchant Ships, and then, with the reft of ^j^"^"^!" '" ■'^' the Ship^ fit for the Sea, to repair ro Sp'tthead. Phmoiith. Soon after the Ad niral received Orders from the Lords of the Ad- . miralry to (end the three-dcck'd Ships about to Chatham, grounded ^/^cV^ 5*,^^ (as I luppolc) upon the Inconveniences he had reprclcnted might ordered up to attend their continuing at Spithead : And his Majcfty fignify'd his '^If'^^f"'^ Plealurc to the T>utch Admiral, that he fliould likewiic repair home Dutch ship< with the great Ships of the States General. But fincc her Majefty, /'»' '"""'• during the King's Ablence in Flanders, had ordered to Sea a Squa- dron of thirty Ships, and as many more as were in a Condition, to intercept Succours from France to Limerick in Ireland, Admiral Allemonde was forbid to fend home any of his Squadron, under the Firft and Second Rate, fitting to be continued on Service, but to em- ploy them, on this occafion, in conjuudtion with our Ships, without iufifting on the cxadt Proportion. The Squadron oi Englijl? and 'Dutch Ships being formed, the Ad- miral tranfmittcd a Lift of their Names to the Secretary of State, M m. m and 4-50 NavalTraiifa£{io??softhcEng\iih, Book IV. and acquainted him that they Ihould be fent away with all pofTible Dil'patch ; but obfcrved withal, that if the French arrived at Lime- rick before this Force could polFibly get thither, the fmall Squadron which was on the Coaft of that Kingdom would run the greatefl: hazard of being deftroy'd. s;;-RalphDe- Sir Ralph ^elavall, (then Vice- Admiral of the Blue) who was lavaii ordered appointed to command on this Service, was ordered to eovern him- dron m:oihe Iclt accordiug to the following Inltructions. Soundings. Jn the firft Place he was to take under his Command the Englijfy m h,jirM- ^^^j q:);itch Ships, and to fend fuch of them as were firft ready to the appointed Station, between twenty and thirty Leagues S. VV. of Cape Clear., to which Place he was to follow with the reft as foon as poflibly he could. There, or thereabouts, he was to cruife in fuch manner as he fliould think proper, for protedling the Trade, and to prevent the Town of Limerick's being liiccourcd by the French, which it was reporrcd they intended to attempt with twenty Ships of War under the Command of Monfieur Chateau Renault. He was cautioned to have a particular regard to the Safety of thofe Ships which had for fbme time been employed under the Command of Caotain Thomas Coal m the Shannon, and ordered to bring them thence at his Return home, if not otherwife dilpofedof by the Lords of the Admiralty. But notwithftanding thele Orders pointed at a particular Station, yet, if (from any Incclligence of the Enemy's Proceedings) he Ihould judge it for the Service to alter the fame, it was entirely left to his Difcretion ; and the time limited for his Cruife was the thirtieth of September, when he was to return to Spithead, and to fend the fcveral Ships to the refped:ive Places aftigned for their being refit- ted at, if he received not Orders to the contrary before. Te thclb Inftrudions her Majefty in Council was pleafed to dired: the following Particulars ihould be added, viz. 1. That he fliould continue on the Station until the fifteenth of October, unlcfs he received contradidfory Orders, or heard fooncr of the Surrender of Limerick. 2. That he fliould not recal the Ships from the Shannon without the Conlcnt of the Lieutenant-General. ^-''i '"s;^/ " That which occafioned the forbidding his calling oiT the afore- R?.iph Dcla- Taid Ships in the River Shannon, was a Letter from Lieutenant-Ge- va)i «•«;/<"■- neral G inkle, fignifying his Doubts, that if thole Ships were re- ^shilf'hom'e " •^^'^'^j Limerick could not be takeu this Year ; but that otherwife, jTom the he was in hopes of being Matter of it in a Month. The Reafons Shannon. \^q gave \NQxc thele, That he could ftay longer before the Town, having Ships to carry off' the Cannon; and that, for want of fuch a 'Convenience, if he fucceeded not, he Ihould be oblig'd to leave them behind him. He was alio of opinion, that the Ships would be very ulcful in preventing the landing Succours from France, and that fince they were lb near the Town, he did not forelcc any great Danger would attend them, for that the Enemy would be cautious how they ventured with their Squadron fifty Miles up the Shan- Chap. VIII. froj/i the Tear i6'8S, to 169-]. 451 nou, at a rime when we had a confiderable Strength at Sea. Sir Ralph 'Delavall was thrice bcarcn back by contrary Winds, 5t> Ralph /,;r- and having attempted a fourth time to get out, he was on the fix- "'' *'"^* '» teenth of O^o^fr obhged to bear up for Torbay, where he received yj^^^^^/w"^ Orders the eighteenth to proceed fifteen Leagues S.W. from Scilly-, timeiattemft- with fuch part of the Squadron as remained; for the King ^^^';ll°„{'li"J'/ ordered five of the Tiutch Ships from him, two of them to Holland, into the and the other three to the Mediterranean. At this time Sir Ralph Soundings, was inform'd by the Maftcr of a French Ship, taken by i\\cT>utch, ^thl'sluadloi. that he was ten Days before in Company of x.h\ny French Ships oF He had advice War, and twenty Merchant Ships, near Belle Ifle, the latter loaden f/J^'^^\;^„ with Corn and Provifions, and that it was reported by the Mafter ofivar, and of one of thelc Merchant Ships, they did intend, when the Squa- '-''^f y ^^'^i I r- I- • » • 1 r II ■ ■ ^ \. with Provin- dron got out to Sea, to divide m the manner followmg, viz. ten ^„^ ^„^ of the Men of War, with fome of the Ships with Corn, for the ^Fejl- where they ■ Indies, other ten Men of War, and the remaining Provifion Ships '"'''' ^'""'^• for Limerick, and the red: for the Mediterranean. The Squadron put to Sea again, but the want of Provifions, (a J^^Xipit" thing which too frequently happcn'd, and very much obflrudted Ser- heziforwant vice) and the bad Condition of the Ships foon obHg'd them to re- of Provifions. turn to Spithead ; nor were the 'Dutch wiUing to go to Ireland, Limerick as was defipned : But the French not attempting to relieve Lime- [•""■j^'^^'' f^ Tick, (as It was reported, and believed they would have done) that Redueiion of Town ibon furrcnder'd ; which Succefs was foUovv'd by a total Re- Ireland >» dudtion of a Kingdom thathad proved lb long troubleforae to his ^^ ''^*" Majefty's Affairs. C H A p. VIII. Captain Lawrence Wright fent with a Squadron of Ships to the Weft-Indies ,• with an /Account of what happened tn thofe Parts during the Time of his Command^ and that of Captain Ralph Wren, who fucceeded him. HAVING in the foregoing Chaptef attended the Motions of the Grand Fleet, and the detached Squadrons, from the time of their leaving to that of their returning to their refpediive Harbours ; and there being nothing more of this Year's Expedition at home to' treat of than what relates to the Winter- Guard, which affords little of Moment, bcfides what pafs'd between flnglc Ships of ours, and thofe of the French, when they happened to meet and encounter with each other, I fhall not trouble you with thofe Matters here, but proceed to iiich remarkable Traniadions as happened in the J'Vejl Indies ; and I do the rather choolc to mention the fame in this Place, altho' the Sqnadron commanded by Captain Lawrence JVrigbt was lent thither towards the cloic of the Year 1689, for that M m ra 1 this 452 NavalTranfaBions of the Englilli, Book IV. this Year complcatcd the iaid Expedition, and that the whole will better appear together, than if 1 had given a diftindt Account of each Year's Tranfadions in thole Parts. cafitainL^wv- The twenty firfl of T>ecember the aforefaid Captain Wright was rence Wright appointed Commander in Chief of the Squadron defigned for the tmmani '1 fVeJi-Iftdies, being one Third Rate, feven Fourths, two Fifths, two Squadron go- Fircfliips, and one Ketch. He was ordered to rendezvous with W ft I'^d ^^'^^^'^ ^t Tlimoiith^ there to take on board a Regiment of Foot of 1689. his Grace the Duke of Bolton's^ and that being done, to proceed to Barbadoes, where he was to confult with the Governor and Council how he might beft fecure the Engl'tjly Plantations, and re- cover thofe which might be fallen into the Hands of the French ; ntt injirum- jjyf j^g ^ag not to (lay longer there than was abfolutely neceffary ""* for refrefliing the Regiment, and to take in liichMen, and Provifiins, as the faid Governor and Council ihould think proper. Then he was to repair to fuch of the Leeward Car'tbbee Iflands, as (by Intelli- gence of the Enemy's Proceeding?, and his advifing with the afore- laid Governor and Council) (hould be thought moft for the Service : And if he faw a good Opportunity of attacking the Enemy, or their Ships, at Martinica, or elfewhere, in his Paflage to the afore- faid Iflands, it was recommended to him to make the beft ufe there- of that pplTibly he could. At the Leeward Iflands he was to apply himfelf to General Co- drington, and in all things relating to the Land-Service to a€t ac- cording to his Directions, and the Opinion of a Council of War, ei- ther for landing the Regiment, and attacking the French Colonies, recovering any of our Iflands, or annoying the Enemy in any o- ther manner. In Entcrprizes at Sea, he was to a(5t as Ihould be ad- vifcd by the Governor and Councils of War, when he had Oppor- tunity of confulting them, and, when it was neceflary, to fpare as many Seamen as he could with regard to the Safety of the Ships. And that the Iflands might not be expofed to Infults, he was for- bid to fend any Ships from the Squadron until the Governor and Council were informed thereof, and fatisfied that the Service did not require their immediate Attendance. If when he arrived among the Leeward Iflands he found them all in the Poflefllon of the French^ and that it fliould not be judged necefl^ary to remain there, or to attempt the Enemy in thofe Parts, he was, without delay, to repair io Barbadoes, there to confult with the Governor and Council, whether it might not be moft foi the Service to flay with all, or any of the Ships, or to go to other of the Plantations for their Defence ; and, purfiiant to what fliould be fo agreed on, he was to proceed, and to do the beft Service in his Power, till he received Orders to return to England. And left the French fliould attempt any of the T>utch Plantations, and prevail upon them for want of timely Afllftauce, it was recommended to him to give them what help the Circumftances of our own Affairs, both by SeJi and Land, would conveniently admit of. Captaio Chap.VIII. from the Tear i^88, to 1^97. 4.53 Captain Wright failed i\omT limouth the eighth o^ Marcb^ with a confiderable Number of Merchant Ships under his Convoy ; but fuch was the Extremity of the Weather, not long after he parted from the Land, that moft of the Ships received very confiderable Damage, elpccially in their Mads, Sails, and Rigging ; and after he had beat it up and down the Sea leveral Days without leeing any of his Squadron, or of the Merchant Ships, he reached Madera the ^/'"' """>> fccond of /^pril, where he found all the Men of War, except the t't^JJ^'^"" JerfeyiGuernfey, ^W'^r Kerch, ^va^ Richard and John Firefhip, and the Myden's. about twenty Sail of the Merchant Ships. Here he flayed to re- '^9°- cruif, and to take in Wine for the Men, and then proceeded towards Barbadoesy where he came to an Anchor in Carlijle Bay the ele- ^''"'"" <** venth of Alay following, but in fo fickly a Condition, that it was " "' difficult to find a fufficicnt Number of healthy Men to get up his Anchors ; not but that the Sick foon recovered, by the care which was taken to put them on Ihore, and to provide them Neceffaries when there. The twenty feventh of the fame Month he failed towards the Leeward Iflands, and arriving the thirtieth at j^ntigoa, enter 'd in- •^'"'* '" '*< to Confultation with General Codrington and the Council there (of fZ^^^I which he was fworn a Member) what Place in the Pofleflion of the French they Ihould firft attack, but could come to no Refolution therein till they had firfl; mufter'd up their Strength in the other Iflands ; in order whereto the Commadore failed with his Squadron the third of June down to Monferrat^ where he was joined in few Days by the General from Anttgoa^''\\\\ fome Ships and Sloops hav- ing Troops on board, from whence they repair'd in Conjunction to Nevisy where having made the proper Difpofition of the Forces, and put all things in a Readinefs for proceeding againft the Enemy, they came to a Refolution in a General Council of War, held the whertCenerai fevcnteenth, to attack St. Chriflopher'Sy of which the French had Codnngton {\\\ct the breaking out of the War entirely difpofTcffed us. Among To atuckTt. other means agreed on for the Execution of this Defign, it was re- Chnftopher'i. fblved, That the Commadore fhould with five of his Squadron, and three light Sloops, firfl fail along Shore, not only to alarm the E- nemy, but to draw them after him, which he accordingly endea- voured to do, but Day-light appear'd before they could reach Frig- gofs Bay, the Place appointed to land at ; fo that being difcovered, they durfl not then attempt it, bccaufe the Enemy were very ftrong- ly intrenched. The following Afternoon it was agreed that Sir Ti- sir Timothy MothyThornhill, with about five hundred Men, fhould land at a Place 3J)//"^^[J, Eaflward of Friggot's Bay, and accordingly fbme part of the Men hundred Men were put on fhore about One in the Morning, who began their '"'"''^'^ "' 5'- March up the Hills by the Affiflancc of a Black Guide. Somewhat ^^"'^°p^"''' before Day they met on the Wefl-fide of the top of the Hill a Party of French, who were fbon put to flight, and followed fb clofely, that our People entered with them into their Trenches, where, in- deed, they made a flout Refiflance for almofl two Hours : But filch Bravery was fhcwn on our (Ide, efpccially by the Officer who commanded, that the French were beaten out of their Trenches, :! and 454- NavalTranf anions of the Engiiili, Book IV. and put a fecond time to the Run. In the Heat of this Acition the reft of the Army landed, and about feven in the Morning pitched their Colours in the Enemy's Works; and b:ing fbon after drawn They march q^j-^ jj^gy bcgau their March for BaJf^ Terre, bat having Icvcral 'il^TtxTzi Hills to pals over, the routed French poftcd thcmfclves between two defeating fc- ofthcm, in ordct to a fccoud Eucountcr. verai Parties ^g Jqqj^ ^5 qu,- Forccs camc up the Enemy fired vigoroufly on ntrny- ^^^^^^^ ^^^ wcTC aufwcrcd io Warmly that after an Hour's Dilpute they ran, nor did they appear again to impede General Codring- ton (who was now at the Head of our Men) in his March to Baffe Terre. At eleven in the Morning the Squadron weighed, and failed to Bajffe Terre Road, with Intent to batter the Town and Forts, but The Tozvn thc Freiich eaied them of that Trouble, for no Iboncr did our Ships '"d Forts a- gppgjjr jhai^ they (Iruck their Colours, and abandoned the Place, l/anaonea. rr ^ \ r r «i iii 1 part whereof they let on nre, and betook themlclves to the Mountains. The Army confifting of about three thoufand Men, (Seamen included) marched on, burning all before them, and in the Evening lodged themlelves in a Plain about a Mile from the Town, near the Jefuits College. I may not here omit taking notice of the Zeal and Bravery of the Officers and Men, but more particularly of Sir Timothy Thorjihilly who, though very much wounded at his firft Entrance into the French Trenches, did neverthelefs go on till they were routed, and fuffered not his Wound to be drefled before he came on board the Squadron. In this Ad:ion we had killed and wounded about one hundred and thirty Men, and Captain Keigwin^ a Sea-Commander, who was ap- pointed Colonel of the Marine Regiment (which confifted of about two hundred and thirty Seamen) was Ihot through the Thigh, of which Wound he died before he could be carried on board, and Cap- tain Brisbane^ who adted as firfl: Captain to the Marines, receiving a Shot through the Body, expired the next Night on board the Brijtol. The General began his March the twenty fourth towards Fort Charles, or thc Englijh Fort, and it was thought neceffary that the Squadron fliould fail to the Old Road-, and anchor there, until fuch time as thc Army appeared, which they did in the Evening, where encamping, they refted that Night and the next Day. Gtntrai Co- The twcuty fixth, early in the Morning, they marched to Thr'ips drington g^y^ and part of them encamped about three Qiiartcrs of a Mile ^irArt7^"to from the Fort, fome about half a Mile's Diftancc, and others marched Phripj «<»>■. up Brimjlone Hill, an Eminence that looked into it. The thirtieth two chafe Guns were mounted, of about nine Feet long, carrying fomewhat above a five Pound Shot, and the General fending thc Commadore word that he fliould be ready next Morning to fire into the Fort, he weighed with his feven Ships, and pafling by it within half Shot, fired his upper Tire of Guns, being not able to do Service with thole on the lower Deck. After thc Ships were all paflcd they plycd to Windward, and being got a fecond time into J their Chap.VIII. from the Tear \ 6^%, to 169-], 455 their firfl: Order, they again failed by the Fort ; but not being capa- ^"rt Charles blc of doing any confidcrable Damage, they plycd again to Wind- """^^ '^^ ward, and anchored in the Road; and in this Adtion the Gunner otthc AJJiftance was loft, and five Men were wounded. The chief Officers being met in Council the lecond of July-, it a council of was their Opinion that it was neccfl'ary to put nine good Guns on '^'-"^ '^■•■•<'- Shore, in order to batter the Fort, and that the Army fliould in- trench, and endeavour to gain Ground on the Enemy. Immediate- ly nine Twelve- Pounders were landed, and with the Help of the Seamen mounted in their Carriages, ib that now all was ready but the Platform and Trenches ; mean while our Guns from the Hill gauled the Fort, and battered down the Houfcs; nor were the Ene- my behind hand in their Endeavours to do us Mil'chief with their great Guns and fmall Arms. Some Days after the General began his March with eight hundred Men round the I Hand, to bring in all the Stragglers he could meet with, and to fight any Body of French that fiiould attempt to face him, the reft of the Army daily approaching nearer the Enemy by the Help of Retrenchments. It was not long e'er the General returned, bringing with him ma- ny Negroes, and Icvcral Frenchmen that had quieted their Arras and iurrender'd ; and the twelfth in the Afternon the Enemy lent a Flag V^'^/^''^'{]„ of Truce from the Fort, defiring three Days Ccffation, which being i/ Tr»/c?, ^n^ followed the next Morning with Articles of Surrender, the Fort was the next Day given up, the French marching out with all the Baggage they could '""'^'^ '^'^' carry, and about forty Gentlemen were allowed their Arms. When our People came into the Fort, they were not a little fur- prized to Tec the Houfcs fo miferably Ihattered, by the Shot only from the Guns on the Hill, which the Enemy themfclves coufefTed conllrained them to lurrcnder much looner than otherwife they would have done. The fevcntcenth a Council of War was called, and it was relolved that Sir Timothy Thornhill fliould with his Regiment be tranfportcd, sir Timothy in the General's Sloops to St. Eujlatia, a neighbouring Ifland which ^^^°'y'^'',' . the Enemy had taken from the Dutch, where he landed on the nine- ''^"^^^ "[lu'tl teenth without any Refiftance, and the Squadron anchored there the av. Eu«ati». fame Evening. I'hc twentieth the Fort dcfircd a Parley, but no A- greement enkicd, and the next Day three of the Ships of War, an- chored within Shot thereof, which (till held out, although very warmly ply'd from the Sea, and the four Guns on Shore. The Peo- ple who defended this Fort (faid to be about fourfcore) behaved thcmlclvcs with great Bravery, firing only tov/ards the Land, and wholly neglcdting what was done againll them from the Sea ; but the other Bittciy of two Guns being fixed the twenty third, and ie- veral Shot fired from thence, a Flag of Truce was lent from the Fort ^-/^^ -p^,., ^f in the Afternoon, and next Morning our People marched in upon st. ]i\\\\m\ the Enemy's Surrender: Which being the only ftrong Place there, Z'"'''^"'''''''^- the reft of the Iftand fell of Courfe into our Hands. The twenty fixrh at Night the Squadron failed from St. EnJIa- t/a, and anchored next Day at St. Chri/lopher's, in a landy Bay Wcftward 45 ^ ^hvalTranfacWons of the Englifh, Book IV. rhe Squadron Wcftward of Charks Fore, where they took on board the Guns that ChrmopTier'j, Were mouDted on Shore : But the Army being now very fickly of and a Council thc Flux, a general Council was held on the third, where it was a- of War agreed g^g^d DOt to attempt any other Place until the Men were in better more At- Health, and that the exped:cd Hurricanes were over ; io that on the temi-ts till fecond of Atigufl the Squadron fail'd to the Old Road, and water'd, \^elover"d^'" aud the next Morning to Nevis ; but the Winds Ihifting to the W. N. W. obliged them to depait from rhcncc, and on the fifth they came to an Anchor off of the Five IJlands at Antigoa, where they put thc Soldiers on Shore, and having fiipplied themfelves with Wood, proceeded from thence the leventh, and arrived at Bar- badoes the thirteenth. Thc Commadore was fearful the Hurri- canes might take him in this Road, and therefore failed thc next Day about thirty Leagues Southward, the better to avoid thole boi- ftcrous Winds, it being intended as foon as they were over, to z.\.- I2ick Guadalupe, if all things Ihould be found in a Condition for fuch an Undertaking. The Squadron Xhc Hutricancs were no fooner over than the Squadron failed for arr.vedathn- ^^^ Lceward iHands, and on the fixth of O^lo^er anchored in Five the Hurri- IJluiids ?>2iy zt Aiitigoa; but not finding General Codriugton there, canei -were 0- thcy procccded X.0 Revis, and from thence to St. C/'r///'tf/'/j£'^'s, where they met with him. ^A Refoiution ^n the eleventh a Council of War being called, it was deter- takentoat- mincd to attack GuadaluJ>e\ in order whereunto the General r-■■■■ ■ ■- ml.— . ■ . ■ ■ ■ -- ■■ 458 NavalTrrmfaBions of the Englifh, Book IV. and burnt that Town ; but there were two ftrong Forts*^ m the Neigh- bourhood thereof, which would require fome time to reduce. The twenty Hxth the Squadron proceeding according to the Mo- tion of the Troops, came to an Anchor off of Bajfe Terre, and put afliore feveral Barrels of Powder, with Cartridges and Utenfils for a Siege ; and the next Day upon a Propolal of the Commadore, approved by the General and Officers afliore, it was refolved, at a Confulration of the Captains of the Squadron, that the Ships fhould weigh and ply to Windward, and come down thence in a Line and batter the Forts. To this Purpofe they accordingly weighed about two Hours before Midnight, and ply'd to Windward all Night; but the next Morning found the Current fb ftrong againft them, fetting to the Northward, that they could not fetch the Place from whence they came, but in Ipight of all their Efforts were forced to come to an Anchor, lome nine Miles, and fome much farther, to Lee- ward. The next Day they rowed up again, and put afliore Ibme Guns and a Mortar- Piece, with w hich the Troops having played on the Forts from two Batteries for feveral Days, but with no great Succefs, at length on the fourteenth of Alay^ one of the Scout Ships that had been font out to cruife in the Offing, came in with Intelligence that Ihc had fccn eleven Sail oi French Ships, which wereluppofed to be Monfieur dii Cdjfes Squadron (of whofc Arrival in thole Parts they had heard fome Dnys before) coming from Mart'inica to the Relief of Guadalupe . This Advice the Commadore communicating to General Codringtoii, it was thereupon refolved in a Council of Officers, to quit the Ifland, and the lame Night all the Troops were embarked, but with fuch Precipitation that they left their Mortar- Piece behind them, with all their Utenfils for breaking Ground: And the next Morning the Squadron fet Sail, and ply'd to the Eafl- ward, with very blowing Weather. Two Days aiter which they law the French Squadron to Windward, which they fuppofcd had landed a Reinforcement on Guadalupe^ and Captain JVr'tght gave Chalc to fix Sail, among whom was a Rear- Admiral; but they be- ing clean Ships, and his very foul, it proved to little Purpole, fb that, afier fome Hours Chafe, he bore up to the rcfl of his Squadron, and the next Day came to an Anchor under the Ifland Marigalante. There holding a Confulration with the Captains, they came to a Rclblution that, in Confideration of a ludden malignant Diftemper which began to rage among the Ships Companies and Soldiers, that the hired Ships were very weak, that a French Squadron was abroad, and that they were themlclves in want of all manner of Stores, they Ihould all proceed to Barbadoes, except the Antelope -ix^^ Jer- fey\ which were ordered to take onboard the Blue Regiment, and carry them down with General Codrington to Antigoa, or where elfc he ihould diredt. Thither they accordingly let Sail, as the Commadore did with the reft of the Ships for Barbadoes: but falling fick a Day or two after, as foon as he arrived in Cat lijle Bay, he left the Squadron, by the Advice of the Phyficians (how juftifiably I fhall not fay) and coming to England^ the Ships were divided, fome Chap. Vlll. from thcTear 1688, to 1691. 4.5^ lomc to particular Services in the fVeJi-Indies, while the Remain- der came Home, and brought with them fuch Trade as were ready to fail, as will be more particularly related in the following Account of Captain ITreti's Proceedings in thofe Parts. The latter End of O&ober the faid Captain Ralph fVren, who capt. Wren was then in the Nor-wich^ had Orders to take alfo under his Com- "'"»"'»'^y^« mand two other Ships of the Fourth Rate, the T>iamond and Mor- Well- indies. dauutj and upon arriving with them at St. Helens, he was to re- ceive on board there one hundred and fifty Soldiers, Recruits for the Duke of Bolton's Regiment then in the Leeward Iflands. There were alio other Land Forces to be carried in TranfporC Ships which, with Vidtuallcrs, and the Trade, he was to convoy to Barbadoes, where he was to (lay no longer than might be abfo- lutely nccelTary for the Rcfrcflimcnt of the Men, but to proceed to injirusiions t» the Lec'ward Iflands. On his Arrival in the IVefi-lndies , he oaft. Wren. was to take under his Command the Ships following, viz. the AJary, Antelope., AJJijtancc, Hampjhire , and Jerfiy, (the firfl; being a Third, and the reft Fourth Rates) as alio the 5"^ 'PiZ/^/Fircfhip, one whereof he was to lend x.o Jamaica., in order to her convoying the Trade from thence to England. It was particularly recommended to him fo to employ the Ships under his Command as that they might beft fecure our Plantations, and annoy the Enemy ; and in the Spring of the Year he was order- ed to return with them home. When there might be Occafion for any Entcrprize at Land, he was to govern himlclf as fhould be agreed by Colonel Codrington, General of the Leeward Iflands, and a Council of War ; and in En- terprizcs at Sea, he was to advilc with them; as he was alio to do during his Stay at Barbadoes with the Governor and Council there ; and at all fuch Councils of War wherein the Service of the Squadron was requir'd, he was to prefide next to the Governor, and three of the eldeft Captains of the Squadron were to have Votes at thofe Confultatious. Thus was Captain Wren inftrudicd, and failing from Tlimouth capt. Wren the twelfth oi December, he arrived the fixteenth of the next Month "^" '" ^^''' at Barbadoes ; but before he came to an Anchor, received Advice by a Sloop from the Governor, that nine French Ships of War were leen to Leeward of the Ifland, and that there was among them the Jerfey., a Fourth Rate of ours, which had been taken fome time before off of Dominica. At Barbadoes the Commadore was join'd by the Antelope, and Mary, and there he Icarn'd that the AJJJJiance, Hampjhire, and St. 'Paul Firclhip, part of the Ships that were to compcfc his Squa- dron, were at the Leeward iflands. The twenty third the Governor called a Council of War, where ^ council of it was agreed, that as foon as the Antelope could be got ready all war. the Ships ihould proceed dirccftly \'oi Antigoa; but prelently after this a Sloop arrives, which had been lent to Martinica with Prifo- ncrs, and gave an Account that rhc/>h i^"' "• l^"'^'^'' T)elavall, carrying Orders to him to join the Fleet off of Beachy, °s Ld'on" or to lend a Friiiue with Advice where he was, that fo there mipht be no Uncertainty of their meeting. The ninth oi' Alay, about I'even in the Afternoon, the Dutch Ships joined the Fleet from the Downs, and one of their Rear- Admiral'^, with the reft of their Ships under three Decks, was at Anchor off of 'Dtv'^^ Neffe ; lb that a Council of War being called, both of Englijh and Dutch Flag-Officers, they came to the follow- ing Relblution. That confidcring the Orders which had been given to Sir Ralph ^'^oumMof Dclavall-, it would be moft proper to remain with the Fleet in i^y^ ""'^ " '' ' Bay forty eight Hours, tor the more lure and fpecdy joining him ; that a Ship Ihould be forthwith lent off ofBeachy in learch of him, which upon difcovering his Flag, Ihould make a Signal to another Frigate ftationed between Beachy and Rye, that i'o liie might give the like Notice thereof to the Fleet. But it was farther determined, That if the Wind blew hard Wefterly, or Eaftcrly, it was in the firft cafe moft convenient for the Fleet to'anchor off of the A^^^, and in the latter, to proceed to Sf . Helen's. Three Days the Wind continued Eafterly, but no more of the The Tieet faHs Dutch Ships arrived which were expedted; and on the eleventh ^^T''"Ji("'t May the Admiral lailing from Rye Bay, he was join'd at St. Helen's, ijeiavaii and on the thirteenth by the Squadrons with Sir Ralph Dela-uall and '^ear-Adm.r^ii Rear-Adrairal Carter, who had met each other tour Days before, Hden',"' ^' when the former was ftanding over to the Ifle of IVight from Cape de la Hague, and the other from St. Helens in learch of him. But that all Delays might be prevented, the Admiral had before dilj3atch- cd a Frigate to the French Coaft, with Orders to Rear- Admiral Car- ter to join him, and left Iiiftrudtions for all Engiijh and Dutch Ships which ffiould come into Rye Bay to follow him to 'ii. Helen's, that {o the Fleet might be entire. The A Council of War agret to fail to the French Coaft near Cape de la H.isue. 4^4 NavalTranfaclions ofthe'EngWiix Book IV. The filteenth oi May a Council of War was cail'd of rhe Flag- OfFicers, as her M.ijefty had commanded, and chough it was una- nimouOy a2,rced that the Fleet ought not to proceed Wcdward of St. Helen?'^ unt\\ there Ihould be certain Advice of the Enemy; yet it was thought rcalonable to lail the firO: fair Weather to the Coafl of France, near the Capes dc la Hague and Barfleiir, and to con- tinue there four Days, if it might conveniently be done, and then to return to St. Hcl-en's., for that \cas judged to be, for the prelent, the moft proper Place of Rendezvous. I cannot omit taking notice, that much about this time Reports were Ipread, as if icveral Captains in the Fleet had given AfTurancc to the Dilaffedted Perfons on Ihorc of their Rcadincfs to adhere to to them ; but her ATajefty was gracioufly pleafed to let the Admiral know, ihc could not believe that any of them were capable of fuch ill Defigns ; and that the Qiiccn might be thoroughly iatisfied with their Integrity, they unanimouily fign'd to a Paper, declaring there- by their fteady Zeal and Loyalty, which the Admiral, at their Re- queft, convey 'd to her Majelly : And fince it is a Juftice due to the Gentlemen of the Sea to publilli the Contents of the laid Paper, I fliall here infert the lame. viz. " We your Majefty's moft Dutiful and Loyal Subjcdts and Ser- <' vants, Flag- Officers and Captains in your Majefty's Fleer, out of " a deep and grateful Senfc of your Majefty's good and juft Opi- " nion of our Loyalty and Fidelity, imparted to us by rhe Right " Honourable Admiral Riiffel, in a Letter to him from the Earl of " Nottingham, Principal Secretary of State, do, in behalf of our " felves, and all the other Officers and Seamen, humbly prefume to " addrefs our felves to your Majefty at this jundturc, to undeceive " the World, as to thofe falfe and malicious Reports which have *' been lately fpread in Prejudice of your Majefty's Service, by Peo- *' pie dilaffedted to the Government, and who have an Averfion to " the Qiiiet and Good of their Country, that there arc Ibme among *' us who are not truly zealous for, and entirely devoted to the " prcfent happy Eftabliihment. We do therefore moft humbly beg " leave to add to our repeated Oaths this Afllirance of our Fidelity, " That we will, with all imaginable Alacrity and Rcfolution, ven- " ture our Lives in the Defence of the Government, and of theRe- " ligion and Liberty of our Country, againft all Popifli Invaders " whatfoever. And that God Almighty may prefcrve your Maje- " fty's moft facred Perlbu, direcSt your Councils, and profpcr your " Arms, by Sea and Land, againft your Enemies, may all People " fay Amen with your Majefty's moft Dutillil and Loyal Subjedis. " Dated on board the Britannia at St. Helen's the fifteenth Day of « May 1691. Having made this fliort Digrcffion, let us return to the more im- mediate Bufmefs of the Fleet. When all the Ships both Englijh and 'Dutch, were together, the Admiral propofed that fix or eight Frigates might hover about the Coaft oi Normand\, and that at the lame time the Forces intended for a Defcent on France lliould em- bark, and be landed at St. Malo, while the Body of the Fleet lay s Wcftward The Flag- offi- cers ami Cap- tains addrejs her Majefty, upon account of fome mali-^ cious Afperfi- ons. Chap.IX. from the Tear 16^'^, to 16^1, 465 Weflward of that Place to prorcd rhcm from the French : which he thouiiht would nor only contribute to our Success on fliore, but oblige the Enemy to come to a Battel at Sea, rather than be bare Spedtacors oi" the Invafion of their Country. Ono. parr of this Propofition was immediately approved of at Court ; and that Intelligence might be had of the Enemy's Pro- ceedings, the Admiral lent fix light Frigates for forty eight Hours off of Havre de Grace ^ and the French Coaft thereabouts: ■^/'^'''^%"'- And fincc it was entirely left to him to proceed in fuch man- ^j^^Havre ocr as lliould be agreed at a Council of War, he lailed on the Ce Grace. eighteenth of May towards the Coaft of France^ and the Day af- ter, about three in the Morning, Qx^o. Barflenr bearing S.W. by S. diftant about (even Leagues, the Scours Wcftward of the Fleet (which were the Chejier o^nd Charles Gallics) fired Icvcral Guns, which ^;^''^'»f'»>*^ Ships in a ihort time after coming within fight, made the Signal of ^'^"^ ijiover- difcovering the Enemy, and lay wif h their Heads Northward ; where- upon the Fleet was drawn into a Line of Battel, and notice given for the Rear thereof to tack, that i'o if the French ftood Northward, we might the fooner come up and engage ; but the Sun having dil- perl'ed the Fog loon after Four, they were feen ftanding Southward, forming their Line with the iame Tack which our Ships had on board ; upon which the Admiral cauled the Signal for the Rear to Tack to be taken in, and bore away with his own Ship ib far to LeCsVard, as that every one in the Fleet might fetch his Wake, or Grain, and then bringing to, he lay by with his Fore-Topfail to the Mart, that lo others might have the better Opportunity of placing themfelves, according as they had been before diredred About Eight our Line was indifferently well formed , which ^ ^"^'""l"/ ftretched from S. S. W. to N. N. E. the T)utch m the Van, the Ad- thTi'ngagi- miral in the Centre, and the Blue in the Rear; and by Nine the E- m""- nemy'sVan had almofl: llretched as far Southward as ours, their Ad- miral and Rear- Admiral of the Blue (who were in the Rear) clofing the Line, and their Vice- Admiral of the lame Divifion ftanding to- wards the Rear of our Fleet. About Ten rhey bore down upon us with lirtle Wind, and the Admiral (who ftill lay by with his Fore- Topiail to the Maft) oblerving that Monfieur Tourville had put out his Signal for Battel, commanded that his Ihould not be Ipread un- til the French (who had the Weather- Gage) were come as near as they thought convenient. At this time Admiral y^//^wo«^(?, who commanded the 'Dutch Squadron, was fent to to tack, and get Weftvvard of the French as foon as any of his Ships could weather them, and thofe in the Blue (then at fome diftance aftern) were order'd to clofe the Line ; but the Fleets had not been long engaged e'er it became quite calm, fb that thcic Diredions could not poffibly be complied with. About half an Hour after Eleven Monfieur Tourvillc, in xhc Royal Sun, (a Ship of one hundred and ten Guns) brought to, and begaa the Fight with our Admiral, at the diftance of about three quarters Musket (hot; in which Pofture he layabout an hbqr and half, ply- ing his Guns very warmly, but then began to tow off in great Dif- O o o order. ^66 NavalTrafi/dBiojisofthcEngllfh, Book IV. order, his Rigging, Sails, and Topfail-Yards being very much wound- ed ; nor could ic be diicerncd that any great Endeavours were ufed to repair the fame. Near Two a Clock the Wind Ihiftcd to the N.W. by W. and in a little time five Ships of the Enemy's pofied themfelves three ahead and two aftcrn of their Admiral, and fired very imartly until it was part three ; fo that Mr. Rujfel and his two Seconds (Mr. Churchill and Mx.Aylmer) had fix or fcven Ships to deal wirh. About Four a Clock there was a thick Fog, iniomuch that not a Ship of the E- nemy's could be Iccn, whereupon all firing ceas'd ; but it clearing up in a little time, the French Admiral was difcovcred towing a- / way Northward, and our Chief, that he might the better come up _ with him, ordered all the Ships of his Divifion to do the like; and « there happening a finuU Breeze of Wind Eafterly, about half an ■ Hour after Five, the Signal was made for chafing, and Notice fenc to every Ship within reach that the Eemy were (landing away. At this time many Guns were heard to the Wefiward, and tho' the Ships which fired could not be ieen by reafon of the Fog, it was concluded they were our Blue Squadron, which had, by a fliift of Wind, weather'd the French % but it proved to be the Rear- Admi- ral of the Red (Sir Cloudejly Shovell) who was gotten to Windward of Monfieur Tourville's own Squadron, and between him and their Admiral of the Blue. After they had fired fome time, the Ships of both fides came to Anchor, but could not difcover each other by reafon of the Thickncfs of the Weather ; and in this Scuffle Cap- tain Haft'tngSy who commanded the Sand-Ji'ich, a fecond Rate, was killed, who codd not avoid driving amidft thefe Ships of the Ene- my, by reafon his Anchors were not clear. Things being now in great Confijfion, the Admiral thought it mofl advifeable to order the Ships which were nearefl: him to chafe Weft- ward all Night, and let them know he intended to follow x.\\t French to Breji, believing it more proper fo to. do than to Anchor; and fo indeed it proved ; for next Morning he found himfclf nearer the Enemy than thofe Ships which had dropp'd their Anchors. About Eight at Night there w^as Firing heard Wcftward, which lafted about half an Hour, part of our Blue Squadron having fallen in with fome of the Enemy's Ships in the Fog ; and in that Difpute Rear- Admiral Carter was killed, whofe laft Words to his Captain (Captain IVilliam Wright) fufficiently fhewed that there was na realbn to lulpedi his Zeal to the Service, for he recommended it to him to fight the Ship as long as ihe could Avim. It continued foggy, with very little Wind, all Night, and fo hazey was it in the Morning, that not any Ships of the Enemy's, and but very few of ours, could be Iccn ; but the Weather clearing up about Eight, the 'Dutch, who were to the Southward, made the Signal of feeing the French Fleet, and ibon after about thirty four Sail were difcovercd between two and three Leagues off, the Wind being then fv/ifS at E. N. E. and they bearing W. S. W. our Ships chalbd them with French. all the Sail which could be made, but not in the Line of Battel, as they did after the Beachy Fight ; for the Signal for a Line was taken in. Chap. IX. from the Tear i6SS, to 169-j. 46^7 in, chat ib every Ship might make the beft of her way. Between Eleven and Twelve the Wind vccr'd to the S. VV. when the French crouded away Weft ward, and wc after them ; but near Four in the Afternoon the Tide of Ebb being done, both Fleets anchor'd. Cape Barfleiir then bearing S. by W. but they weighed about Ten at Night, and both plying Weft ward, our Admiral's Forc-Topmaft came by the Board near Twelve, it having been Ihot in feveral Places. He continued chafing until Four next Morning, and then, the Tide of Ebb being done, anchor'd in forty fix Fathom, Cape de la. Hague bearing S. by W. and the Ifland of Alderney S. S. W. but by reafon of his wanting a Topmaft, the 'Dutch Squadron, and the Admiral of the Blue, wuh feveral of his Ships, got confidcrably to Windward of him. About icven in the Morning part of the French Ships, which had ^/^f"»' advanced far towards K.\iZ. Race ot Alderney, were perceived driving !^f,^"^,/,/R'/ce Eaftward with the Tide of Flood, without Ground-Tackle to ride arc /ar/xe^i. by, for they had in the Engagement, and the Morning after, cue away all their heavy Anchors. When they were driven lb far, as , that our Admiral judged he could reach them, he made the Signal for the Ships nearcft to him to cut and chafe, which accordingly hiralclf and they did ; but Sir 'john Ajhby, with his Divifion of the 2'/;e Dutch Blue Squadron, and feveral Dutch Ships who were Weathcrmcft, ^,^j^;^^^^"lf. rid faft (as Mr. Rujfcl had made the Sign for them to do) to ob- by orAcrei to ierve the Motion of the reft of the French Ships which continued ^""^ "/",''. , , 1 . 1 »i * tkerr, ■which at an Anchor m the Race. ^,y l^y?_ Three of their great Ships being under the Shore, tacked about r/;e Royal eleven a Clock and ftood Weft ward, but after making two or three 'i^\r\, and two fliort Boards, the biggcft of them (being the Royal Sua) ran on 'iZ]n sh-'p's Ground, and prefcntly her Mafts were cut away ; mean while the burnt at other two to Leeward (which were the French Admiral's Seconds) Cherbourg. ply'd up to her. This it wa5 judged they did becaufe they could not get to Windward of the Weatherraoft Ships, nor ftrctch out a- head Eaftward. The Admiral obferving that many Ships of our Fleet hover'd about them, fcnt Orders to Sir Ralph Delavalli Vice- Admiral of the Red, who was in the Rear, to keep a Strength with him fufficient to deftroy them, and to order the reft to follow the Body of the Fleet ; which Service was effcdually performed. About Four in the Afternoon eighteen oi xht French Ships which were gotten Eaftward of Cape Barfleur, haled in for La Hogue, where our Ships anchor'd about Ten at Night, and lay until near Four the next Morning, at which time the Admiral weighed and ftood in near to the Land. The Flood coming on, he anchor'd a- gain ; but at Two in the Aixernoon got under iail, and plied dole in with La Hogue, where he found thirteen of the Enemy's Ships very near the Shore. On Monday the twenty third of May he fent in Sir George RookCi then Vice Admiral of the Blue, with a Squadron, Firclhips, and the Boats of the Fleet, to deftroy thoic Ships; but they had got them fo far in, that not any but the fmall Frigates could advance near enough for Service : However the Boats burnt fix of them that O o o z Night, 46 8 NavalTraiifdciions of the Engliili, Book IV. Manymceoj'^^^x, and about Eight the next Morning the other feven were fet the French ^^ ^jj.^^ togcthcr with Icveral Tranfport Ships, and fomc iinall Ve(- SV^r'tT fels with Ammunition, wherein not only all the Officers, (among Hogue. whom the then Lord Carmarthen fignalized himfelf) but the Men behaved themfelves with great Refolution and Gallantry. Thus at La Hogue and Cherbourg were burnt two Ships of one hundred and four Guns each, one of ninety, two of eighty, four of fevcnty fix, four of fixty, and two of fifty fix Guns, from which time, to that when Peace was concluded, in the Year 1697, the French did not attempt to fight us at Sea, but contented themfelves to preju- dice our Trade by their fmaller Ships of War and Privateers. The French This Service being over, the Admiral failed out oi La Hogue Bay sh'ip ejca^e thc tweuty fifth, and ordered Sir John AJhby (who was returned Mmn^ai^and without doiug any Execution on the other part of the Enemy's 5;rrohnA(h Fleet) to lun with a Squadron of Englijh and 'Dutch along the by, v-'hojoin PfQjich Coaft as far ^^ Havre de Grace., and to look out for thole the Fleet. ^^^ gj^.^^ which hc faid he had feen (landing Eaftward ; but even in this he had no better Succefs than before. Remarks upon The Rcfolution with which thc French bore down upon our Fleet the Kefoiution yyas uot a little lurprifing; for they were not above fifty Ships, from fn'blartn^'^^ oue hundred and tour to fifty fix Guns ; and I am apt to think it dozun to en- occafioucd at firft Ibme Jealoufy among us : But, if fo, it was loon «"*'• blown over, for every one endeavoured to do what he was able. As for Monfieur Tonrville's running this Hazard, 1 can attribute it to no other Reafon than the pofitive Orders he had from his Maftcr to fight thc Englijh Fleet, which, had he thought fit, he might have avoided , even after we faw each other, for he was feveral Leagues to Windward : And, as I am credibly informed, when he called his Flag- Officers together, they did unaniinoufly give their O- pinions not to engage, but that he at laft produced an Order under the French King's own Hand, which ihewed them the Neceffity there was for their {o doing. Doubtlefs thefe Orders were given him upon a Prefumption that our great Shipe, and the 1)utch, could not poffibly join Sir Ralph T)elavall and Rear-Admiral Carter's Squadrons (then cruifing on their Coaft) before he might have had an Opportunity of coming up with them : And, in truth, had not Mr. Rujfel failed from the River even at the very time he did, contrary to the Opinion of the Pilots, (as I have already obferved) the Winds which afterwards happened would have prevented his coming timely to their Affift- ance ; i^o that the Enemy might, in all Probability, have had equal, if not greater Succefs than we had over them : Not but that the French Court (by what means I know not) had fuch early Notice of the Jundion of our Fleet, or at leaft of the lailing of our great Ships, that I could almoft venture to affirm the Vefi^el which Captain IV'zvell took off of Cape Barfieur^ had Orders from the King for Monfieur Tourvilley contradicting thole pofitive Dire<3:ions he had received for Fighting ; but the Mafter of the Vefl^el threw the Packet into the Sea when he found himfelf in danger of being taken. X To Chap.IX. from tbeTear i^88, to i6<^-j. ±69 To this may be added, that Providence concern'd itlclf for the Safety of the two Squadrons bcforementiou'd ; for fcveral Days be- fore the great Ships join'd them, the French Fleet was got as far into the Chanel as off of Tlimonth , but were forced into the Sea by a ftrong Eafterly Wind ; fo that as they were thus prevented in their well-laid Dcfign, they were a Iccond time interrupted therein by the Conjundion of our Fleet .- And had they met with Succcls, t^>-' beating the Forces which lay ready at La Home, and the adjacent Places 'if French 11 1 I -^ I r /-, 11.^ , Fleet prevent- would not have been long out ot our Country; though if, \^'\\tn ed their oef- therc, they had behaved themfelves no better than in the Defence of ""'""Eng- their Ships when burnt, there would not have been much Mifchief ^" ' done ; for notwithftandiug their Numbers, and the Opportunicy they hqd of making Refinance, the whole Service was performed with the Lois of no more than ten Men, befides thofe who were accidentally blown up in one of our Long- Boats. And here it may be obferved, without Vanity, that although the '^I's Enetuy Confederate Fleet was confiderably ftronaer than theirs, vet were ^r'!.^ ^^,'' they beaten by an inferior Number: For, by realon of the Calm, of sh,p. and the Thicknels of the Weather, it was not pofllble for many of the 'Dutch Ships, or of the Blue Squadron to engage ; whereas had we been favoured with clear Weather, and a Gale of Wind, it is very probable that not fo much as one of the French Ships would have cfcaped. Pofllbly they, forefeeing this, might in fome mealure be daunted, and that it occafioncd their Retreat fooner than otherwife they would have done; but confidcring with what Deliberation they bore down, and how warmly they ply'd our Ships, there was little Reafon to believe the Strength they difcovered baufk'd their Refolution, fince they had their Maflicr's pofitivc Commands to engage. Having thus given an Account of the Battel, and of what Sue- obfervntiom cefs the Admiral himfelf had againft the Shins he chafed, I cannot "-*"," '^/ ^"'' proceed without lamenting the Elcapc of thole which the Dutch, theXiwiz\\Ad- and our Admiral of the Blue were left to look after. I fliall not lay ""'■"^ ""'^ -^"^ the Want of Judgment, Diligence, or ought elfe to any one's Charge ; ■'^ "^ ^' but fince {q fair an Opportunity offered itlclf for. deftroying the moft confiderable Part of the French King's Navy, fuch ill Succefs in that Affair was the greateft Misfortune to us ; for had a happy Pulh been made, the maritime Power of France could not in this Age, what- ever it might in the next, have given England any great Diftur- bance. But fince all Hopes of meeting them were groundlefs, the Admiral ^^'^ F/«f refolved to repair with the Fleet to St. HelerCst and that Determi- Hde^'° ^^*„^ nation was happily put in Execution ; for fuch was the fuddeu Ex- thereb-^ \[caft trcmity of Weather, that had the Fleet kept out at Sea they mull -"^'n^badwiA- have been expofcd to very great Danger, efjsccially thofe Ships which in the Battel had received Damage in their Malls. But before he left the French Coaft, he ordered Sir John Ajhby with twelve Englijh f^' J^J"," f J.' Ships of War, and three Fircfhips, in Conjundiou with as many /iroy fome T^utch, commanded by Vice- Admiral Callemberg, to proceed off ^"^V"'/''/ of Havre de Grace, and endeavour to deftroy feveral French Ships „:,^y ^jr/' faid harboured. 47 o NavalTranfa^mis of the Englifli, Book IV. faid to be in choie Pares, which ic was fouad had harboured them- fclves before they arrived. The Court of France being now in no little Confternation, the The Admiral Admiral thought it the mod proper time for making the intended m'lh/'fi-Jli- Defccnt on their Coaft ; for although not only King James himfelf, tendedDefcent but the FrcHch alfo had great Numbers of Men encamped at la Hogue at this time, jjj^j t.j-,2 adjacent Places, yet the little or no Interruption they gave us in dcftroying their Ships, would incline any one to believe that a Body of Regular Troops might have made a very confiderable Progreis into their Country. Mean while all poffible Diligence was iiled in the re-fitting the Fleet, and although the French, had they at firft been joined, would have been near ninety Ships, from one hundred and four to fifty Guns, yet confidering what part of them were deftroy 'd, fevcnty Englijh and 'Dutch of the Line of Battel were now thought Ibfficicnt for any Service the remaining Part of this Year ; for although it was probable that the Enemy might come out again, and make a Flourifli, yctwas there no great Reafon to believe they would expofe themiclves to a fecond Danger in one Summer. Very fortunate it was for England that our Fleet did fo happily join ; for no fooner had Monfieur Tourville fent an Exprefs of his being on the French Coaft, than Orders were difpatched for the Ar- orders fent my's embarking, which might have been done, and the Troops fafe- for embarking \y waftcd ovcr to England; for as their Strength was much fuperior p/J/?/}L» to the Squadrons with Sir Ralj^b T)elavall and Rear- Admiral Car- anheir 'picet tcr, fo could thcy havc run no great Hazard from our Capital Ships, came into the j,-, regard thcy mud unavoidably havc reraain'd Wind-bound in the c. ane . Riycr, had they not failed from thence the very Moment they did ; or at leaft the Enemy might have hindered their joining the others. But the valuable Service of this great Man who effectually defeated the Enemy's Defigns (for which he was mofl gracioufly, and in the moft obliging Manner, thanked both by the King and Queen) was io far from icrecning him from Envy, that it occafioned ieveral Ar- ticles of Accufation againft him, but the Enquiry thereinto ended very much to his Honour and Reputation. The twelfth of June in the Afternoon there came into the Fleet a Ketch from 'Dartmouth^ which met with a Privateer called the CloudeJIy Gaily, and had three Men put on board her taken by the laid Gaily out of a French Snow. This Veflel was fent out to gain Intelligence, and then immediately to return to fuch Port in France as fhe could firfl reach, and fend an Account thereof by Exprefs to The Admiral St. Malo, her Mafter faid that there were at that Port the Vice- Ad- geti Advice of tniral of thc Blue, and twenty five Ships of War more, great and "sht'mll'o^^^^^^ including Firefliips; that they had pretty well repair'd the St. Maio. Damages received in Fight, and watched an Opportunity to gcr from The Fleet fails thcucc to Brc/f . Hcrcupon thc Admiral failed from St. Helen's the to prevent fourteenth of June with luch Part of the Fleet as were in the bell: 'it'oi:!:'t^ Condition, and ordered Sir Cloiidejly Shovell to follow with the Re- mainder. His Dcfign being to keep to the Weftward of St. Malo, and, if poffible, to intercept thofe Ships in their Paffagc from thence to Breji, or, when he came to a proper Station, to confult with the Chap. IX. from the Tear 1 6^%, to 169-]. 471 the Fiag Officers what might be attempted againft them at the for- mer I'Jace ; and on the twenty firfl: he received Advice that all the Tranlport Ships were ordered to 'Port/mout/j, where it was intend- ed our Forces Ihould embark. He was of Opinion that the French Ships might get out of St, Ma/o and go North about, if they would venture on lb dangerous a Navigation, unlcfs he could anchor, and ride in Safety beibrc that Port, which he determined to inform himlelf of from the Pilots : But even it this could be done, he was apprehenfive it might occa- fion their drawing all their Forces to the Succour of the Place, and of their Ships, and that thereby our Attempt, both by Sea and Land, would be rendered more uncertain. The twenty fifth ofjmie a Council of War was called mTorbay ^ council of of all the Etiglijh and 'Dutch Flags, occafioned by the Advice n'ar w/w, )» the Admiral had received that all our Troops were ordered to Tortf- "lattomo the mouth, and that her Majefty would not give any Diredtions for the Difpofal of them, until the Flags, and General Officers of the Army had confulted, and tranfmitted to Hqt their Opinion. This Coun- cil of War took into Confideration how the Fleet could fooneft, and with moft Certainty join the Tranfport Ships, that fo it might be then debated how to attempt the Enemy at St. Malo ; and it was thought moft advifeable that a confiderable Part of the Fleet fliould be appointed to lie about fifteen or twenty Leagues North from the Ifle of Bas for intercepting the French Ships ihould they attempt to puffi towards Breji from that Port, and that the Remainder ihould forthwith proceed to Spithead, and join the Tranfports : But it was farther refolved, that if the Winds happened to hang Weilerly, the whole Fleet ihould repair to Spithead, or if Eafterly, continue in Torbay in Expcftatiou of the faid Trauiport Ships. The Eaftern Parts oi France were at this time in great want' of NeceiTarics for Life, as Salt, Wine, Brandy, and other Commodities, which our Cruilers prevented their traniporting from one Place to another; for lome Ships fcnr to cruifc off of the Fourn Head burnt a great Flyboat of about four hundred Tuns, loaden with Provifions, nor could they have raifs'd of taking or dcftroying many more, un- der Convoy of two Men of War, had they not precipitately har- boured themlclves in ibme little Places where they could not be at- tempted. The Fleet being now at Sea, the Wind came up at N. N. W. and The Fleet ex. blew for a confiderable time fo very hard, that it drove them near !"/<"' '"> <* twenty Leagues Weil o^V/hant, inlbmuch that feveral of the Ships uftim!'"' received Damage in their Alafts and Rigging. This Accident ferved as another Argument that the great Ships, and iuch Numbers of them too, iliould not be ventured at Sea but where they might have Rootu to drive 48 Hours any Way, or let go an Anchor and ride; for fix Hours with a Shift of Wind makes either Side of the Chanel a Lee Shore ; and had not the Admiral luckily brought-to early in the Morning, it is likely a melancholy Account would have been given of the Fleet. However, this torm being over, he fafely ar- The Admiral lived in the Road of the Ifland of Guernfcy the third of Jnly^ where cuanfc/ S he Kcad. 47 2 'NavalTraiifdcl'tons of the Englifh, Book IV. he was conftrain'd to anchor, for the Weather being thick, the Pi- lots, (whole Judgment there was Realbn to lulpcdt) would not ven- ture over to St. Alalo ; but that which gave the Admiral the great- eft Uneafmcis was the Account he received from two Captains, who had long uled that Trade, that there was not good Ground for more than forty Ships to ride; ib that calling a Council of War, to con- fider whether it might be moft proper for the whole Fleet to go o- part of the ^^^ ^j. ^q jg^^j ^ Dctachment to view the Place, they came to the fol- ob'!rlTL-jj lowing Rcfolurion, viz. " That part of the Fleet Ihouid proceed >» Flag-Officcrs. Euglijh. Sir Ralph T)elavall, Vice- Admiral of the Red. George Rooke, Efq ; Vice Admiral of the Blue. Sir Cloudejly Shovell, Rear Admiral of the Red. David Mitchel, Efq; fiift Captain to the Admiral. liutch. Admiral Allcmonde, Vice- Admiral Calkmberg, Rear-Admiral Vahdirgoes, Rear-AJrairal Evertfcn. Rear Admiral Muys. General and Field Officers. His Grace the Dukeof Z-i?/ fffet. Lieutenant General of all the Forces, Earl of Galiizay, Sir Hcmy Bcllajije, Moufitur de la McLniere, Six Chap. IX. from the Tear 1688, to 169^. 475 Sir T)avid Collier^ Colonel Bevcridgc, Monficur die Cambon, Colonel Selwir/^ Earl of ^r^yll. And fince I cannot better explain the Senie of thofe Gentlemen, than by inl'erting a Copy of the Paper which was figned by them, I have done the lame as follows, viz. " The jMatter of burningthe ShipsatSt. A/^z^" being maturely confi- " dcrcd, Vice- Admiral /?(?£'^£' and Vice- Admiral G?//fw^(?r^ (who were " lately lent with a Squadron of Ships before that Port) reprcfenting " the great Difficulty of carrying the Ships in there, by realbn of the " Multitude of Rock?, and the Rapidity of the Tides; and the Pilots " rcfufuig to condud any Frigates or Firefhips into the Harbour, " becaule the Marks might be removed, it was the Opinion of the " Flag-Officers, that it was not practicable to attempt any thing a- Agreed to be '* gainll the Enemy's Ships at St. Malos with any Part of the Fker, To'Lnmft tie " until the Town it felf could be fo far reduced by the Land Forces Encmii ships " as that the Ships might not receive any great Annoyance from "/-^l^l^I? '* the Enemy's Guns in the Attempt. And the General and Field- ' " Officers of the Army were of Opinion that the Troops could not " do any Service at that Place without the Affiftance of the fleet. *' It was then confidercd whether it was teafible to make any At- " tempt on the Enemy's Ships at Breji\ and although the Flag-Of- They think it '* ficers were of Opinion that an Attempt might be made there with ""' ^' '," "'" //■ »i <' r -r ■> r' II 1 r r r tempt them *' lome Hopes or Succcls, ir the Summer had not been lo tar Ipent, .,r Breft, the *' yet confidering the Winter was approaching, they did not think '^•"'''- -^"y* " it proper to attack the Enemy's Ships in that Port, fince the^"^"^" ^'"'" *' Fleet might be expofed to very great Inconveniencies ffiould they " be Wind-bound near that Place: And it was the Opinion of the *' General and Field- Officers of the Army, that they lliould not be " able to do any Service there againft the Enemy, unlefs they could " be protedicd by the Fleet. The Flag Officers likewife thought it " not fafe for the Fleet to attempt any thing againft the Enemy at .vor ^/Roche- " Rocheforty the Seafon of the Year being fo far Ipcnt, and the fo". « Place it felf lying fo deep in the Bay. " It was in the next Place confidered whether the Fleet might °"«'''»'"-'^"' *' lie with Safety on the Coafl: oi Normandy, to protect the Army calft'of^or- *' in an Attempt either at Havre de Grace, la Hogue, or any Place nundy /o/.ro- " thereabouts: And the Flac-Officers judged that it might lie with '^''/^'^'^' " Safety on that Coafl: until towards the latter End of the next t:mpt! there. " Month, in caic their Majefty's Service fliould require it. Befides thelc Refolutions of a General Council of War of Sea and Land- Officers, the Flags themfelves came to the following De- termination. " That fince the Tranfport Ships with the Land- Forces were come ^^^]1'/q^^' " to the Fleet, in order to try what might be done againft the E- "iL'twastoo " ncmy cither at St. Malo, Breft, oi Roche fort, it was their Opi- ^'"^""^''^""" " nion that Ibmething might have been attempted, with probability ^^Y/Bfift'^r P p p i of Rochfort. ' ^1^1 I ■ ... ... ^1 \" • ■ ■ — « 47 6 NavalTranfatlions of the Englifli, Book IV. " of Succefs, were not the Seafon of the Year fo far ipent as not to « admit of the Fleet's going with Safety thither. sir John AQi- Puribant to what was determined the following Orders were given by fent with 10 Sir John j4jh by. That he Ihould fail with one Firfl: Rate, Six 'JZrd'The Seconds, Seventeeen Thirds, One Fourth, and Four Fire ihips, toge- jjie of Bi.s ther with feveral ©///f/? Ships, over to the Coaft of France, and place himfelf about fifteen Leagues North from the Weft End of the Ifle of Bas, and by ftationing lome of the Ships nearer to the Shore, endeavour to intercept the French, ihould they attempt to pafs from St. Afa/o to Bre/i ; befides which, he was cautioned to look out carefully for any of the Enemy's Ships which might be coming from the Weil: of France. Thus was he to employ himfelf until he re- ceived farther Orders, for which he was diredted to fend to 'Dart- mouth by all convenient Opportunities : And if he met the Squa- dron with Captain Nevil, he was from them to encreaie the Englijh Ships to thirty, fending the Remainder to St. Helen'?,, with a Weft- crly Wind, or, if Eafterly, to Torbaj, that fo they might join the Body of the Fleet. On this Service he remained as long as the Weather would per- mit, when coming in, without meeting any of the Enemy's Ships, and being at Sp'ithead the fourteenth of September, the Colledler of the Cuftoms at Cowes lent to him the Mailer of a French Tartane, which had been taken fome Days before off of Tort land. This Man faid that he failed from St. Malo the' feventh Day of this very Month, in Company of a Vice-Admiral, and fixreen Siiips of War, from fixty to eighty Guns, together with fix Firefliips, which, by realon of little Wind, anchored under Cape Frehelle, and remained there till the tenth, and then, at fix in the Morning, fail- ed with the Wind at E. by S. for BreJL In fine, although upon the Admiral his parting with Sir John AJhby, it was agreed at a Council of War, that the reft of the Fleet iliould proceed to the French Coaft off of La Hogue, and thereabouts ; yet, in his Pafilage from Torbay, he received Orders from the Queen, whereupon he with the Tranlport- Ships came to Sk.. Helen's, and there lay a confiderable time Wind-bound, infomuch that the Winter- feafon being very far advanced, the great Ships were ordered about to Chatham, theLand-Forces put on Ihore, and the Fleet divided into Squadrons, according as it was judged moft for the Advantage of the Service. Chap. Chap. X. from the Tear 1 6^^, to 16^1, 477 C H A p. X. S"}}' Francis WhelcrV Proceedings with a Squadron ^ and Land-Forces to and from the Weit-Indics. IN the Month of November a Squadron was ordered ro be got 1^9^- ready for Service in the JVeft-lndies, which was compofed of two Third Rates, fix Fourths, three Fifths, one Sixth, three Fire- ihips, a Store- Ship, an Hol'piral, and a Bomb-VefTel; about fifteen hundred Soldiers being put on board of them, and fuch Tranfports as were particularly appointed for their Reception. Sir Francis IVheler was the Perlon made choice of to command this Squadron, who received Inftrudtions from the Lords of the Admiralty, dated the twenty fifth Day of the aforcfaid Month ai Nov ember-, how to govern himfelf not only in proceeding to, but alfo when he fliould be in the Wefl-Indies ., where he was at liberty to take under his Command three other fourth Rates, namely, the Norwich^ 'Dia- moiidy and Mordanut ; bur bcfides thele Inftrudtions, he received Orders from his Majefty, dircding what Places belonging to the Enemy he fhould attempt, and in what manner he Ihould a<5b ia Conjunction with the Land-Forces commanded by Qo\ovit\Foulkes. It was the beginning of January before this Squadron could be got ready, and then theCommadore failing, he arrived o^oi 'Dart- mouth the ninth, having received Power (for the greater Grace of an Expedition from which fb much was expe6ted) to put abroad the Union Flag at the Main-top-maft-head, as loon as he fhould be out of the Soundings. The twenty fixth o? January he reached the Ifland o^ Maderas, The squadron and having taken in Wine there for the Ships Companies, arrived in ^'■'^'^""'Ma- Carlifle Bay at Barbadoes the firft of March following, where he was joined by fcveral Ships which had feparated from him in his PafTa^e. A Council of War determined to make an Attempt firfl: on Mar- Ktfoiumntt tinica, and two Regiments were joined to about eight hundred Land- ""^'^ ^^"" Men provided at Barbadoes, commanded by the Captains Sa/tery^^^^"' and Butler, Advice whereof was icnt to Colonel Codrington, Ge- neral of the Leeward Iflands, who was defired to caulc the Forces in rhofe Parts to meet the reft with all the (peed that might be at Martinica ; and yet farther to (trcngthen thele Forces, upon occa- fion<^ of Service, there was formed a Battalion of Seamen, of which the Commadorc was himfelf Colonel. The Squadron arriving at Cul de Sac Royal in Alartinica ACouncUof the fifteenth oi April, a general Council of War was called of Sea ^var called. and Land-Officers, and the Qiieftion being put. Whether the Sol- diers Ihould land firft, and dcltroy Fort St. Tierre, and the Planta- tions thereabouts, or begin with attacking Fort Royal, it was agreed CO ing Fort St. Pierre 478 NavalTranfaEHons of the Englifli, Book IV. to land at or near Fort St. Tierre, and that the Fleet Ihould fail the next Morning to countenance this Attempt. Another Being bcforc the Town of Sv.Tierre the twentieth ofy^r/7, an- Council of other Council of War was called, and a Debate arifing, Whether a ""''■ -clofe Siege fliould be laid, and Attack made on the Town and Fort of St. 'Pierre, or whether the Forces fliould be taken on board, and that then it fliould be confidercd what was fit to be done ; ic was moved by the Prcfident, (Sir Francis JVhelerJ that every Man fliould give his Opinion in Writing. Reafons for Thus cacli Officer, both by Sea and Land, took the Matter into not attack- Coufidcration, and having drawn up their Reafons, and figned to them, they were delivered in : But few there were among them, if any, except Sir Frauds IVbeler himfelf, and, I think, Lieutenant- Colonel Colt, who were for making an Attempt, but rather to re- tire, and laud the Men in fome other Place, in order to defpoil the Enemy. Mod of the Officers allcdged that the French were fuperior to our Forces, and that fince at Icaft one third of our Men were Irijh Papifts, there could be but very little Confidence put in them; and another Objedtion was made. That the greateft Number of the Men they were to tiuft to had not born Arms before this very Ex- pedition. Other Scruples were raifed, fuch as thele ; That the Roads were almoft impaflable , and the Hills inacceflible ; That the Attempt would not only too much expofe the Men to the Enemy, but to Sickuefs alio, by reafon of the Fatigue, eight hundred of the three thoufand (including the Ir'tJhJ being either found killed, wounded, or fick , within three Days after Landing. Others, and particularly General Codrington, were of Opinion, that fliould our Army be beaten, it would be almoft impofllble to retreat on board the Ships, fo that not only Barl^adoes , but the Leeward Iflands alfo, would be in a very great meafure expos'd to the Enemy, moft of the Forces having been drawn from thofe Places for this Service. Rtfoivi to In fine, it was refolved at a Council of War, held the twenty fe- fd^ r»Domi- cond oi April 1693, that the Army fliould embark, and the Squa- "'"<593. '^''°° ^^^^ lo'Dominica, that there they might take in Water, and re- frefli the Men , who at this time were in but very indifferent Cir- cumftances of Health. At Dominica another Council of War was called the twenty fifth of. Afril, and the Queftion being put, whether they fliould Ktfoivei not attack Guadalupe, it was carried by great Majority in the Negative ; toattackQ\i.\- whereupon it was refolved to fend home all the Forces belonging *"*'^' Barbadoes and the Leeward Iflands, with proper Convoys, and that the Squadron fliould proceed to and rendezvous at St. Chri' Jiofher's. Sir Francis Wheler confidering the great Charge the Crown had been at on this Expedition, was of Opinion that T^ominica ought immediately to be attack'd, and General Codrington was alfo of the fame Chap.X. from the Tear 1 6^^, to \ 6^-1. ^-/^ — - - I. . .. ■■ I I . ■ ■ _ , 1 ^ 1 I — --- lame mind, as was Colovid Foulkes, provided the Svjuadron and Ar- my could rcuuin there lix Weeks, or two Months ; for in Icfs than that time it w as believed it could not be cffcdlcd, becaul'c here the Enemy were as flrcng, or rather ftrouger, than at St. 'Pierre. But Sir Francis informing them that the King had poficively ordered the Fleet Ihould not contmue in rhofc Parts longer than the L(\. of A/ay y and the Forces belonging to Barbadoes preffing very earneftly to be gone, he having refrcihed the Officers and Men, bent his n^ s^„^^„„ Courfc to Nc-jj England y and arrived at Bofion the tvvclith oi'^'^rives at Jji„g New Eng- Sir Francis IFheler, according to the Commands he had received from his Majcfty, propofed to Sir JVtlltam 'Phips, Governor of Nc"iu England, the going to, and attempting ^icbeck. But he ha- ij..^/.^, for ving not had any previous Advice therto!, winch he faid he ought not attemp- to have had four Months before, fo as to have gotten all things '"•*' Q"'^''^'^'" ready ; and that Expedition requiring the Squadron's lailincr by tlie firft oi July, and a Strength of four thouland Men, at Icall, which very much exceeded the preient Numbers, that Affair was no longer thought of; fo that on the firft of July the recovered Men began to embark, and the third of Aiiguji the Squadron failed from Bojion. The Commadore being dcfirous to do fomething, though in fb weak a Condition, before he made lail for England, proceeded to N.eiZ'foundlandy and arriving at Placentia the eighteenth of Ancujly The squadron he was informed that the French were very ftrong there, not only '"■'^''^" "' in large Privateers, (for during the whole Expedition there was not hnd?""" any Account received of a Squadron of Ships of War) but that they had at leaft two thouland Men, reckoning both Soldiers and hihabi- tants. That the Mouth of the Harbour (which was not above a Ship's length in breadth) was guarded by three Cables athwart, and a ftrong Fort, whereon were mounted more than thirty large Can- non, and pallifado'd to the Land ; and rhat the neighbouring Hills were alio fortified. Upon this he called a Council of War of the Sea and Land Offi- a council of ccrs, and earncftly prefs'd that the Land Forces might make an At- "■'"■ '^''"«'^. tempt on fliore, while the Fleet did the lame by Sea, and that ibme "'"! T^l'''^''^^, r ' ^ J ' not to anefnpt Soldiers might be taken from the Tranlport Ships to afiift in the I'Licemu. Ships of War, which had nor more Men than were fufficient to ply one Tire of their Guns. This was rejc(5tv.d by the Land Officers, there being eleven of them to fix of the Sea againft going in wich the Ships to batter the Great Fort : However, he font fome of the Frigates, and part of the Soldiers, under Command of Major Rabi- finer^ to deftroy the French at St. Peter's, which was cff"..d:ually done. The twenty eighth of Attguft the Squadron arrived in the Bay of Bulls sir Francis on the Eaft fide of the Ifland, and took in Water and Wood, where wiider ^r* being detained by bad Weather until the twenty Iccond of September , '"'j '" ^"S- thc Commadore then failed for England, and arriving on the eigh- ' tecnth 48 o NavalTranfaBions of the Englifli, Book IV. teenth of OBober, he received a Commiffioa at Tortfmouth, ap- pointing him Rear- Admiral of the Red. Thus ended this Expedition, from which England gained no man- ner of Reputation, although it was attended with the unfortunate Lofs of many good Officers and Men ; and it had like to have hap- pen'd much worfe from the want of Hands fufficient ro bring the Ships home, which were in a very bid Condition, both as to' their Hulls, and other Particulars. Chap. XT. The Proceedtngs of Mr. Killcgrew, .^/V Cloudcfly Shovel!, and Sir Ralph Del avail, joint Admirals of the Fleet ^ m the Chanel and Soundings j and oj Sir George Rooke his falling in with the French hleet in Lagos Ba'y. x^9-- T^ ^ ^ eighteenth of March Mr. Killegrew, Sir Ralph T)ela- * I valli and Sir Clotidefly Shove II (who were jointly appointed Admirals of the Fleet) received hiftiudions from the Lords of the Admiralty to proceed to Sea, and (without cxped:n)g particular Or- ders, by which Opportunities of Service might be loft) to u(e their utmoft Endeavours to annoy the Enemy, and prote(^ the Trade. The Number of Ships (befides 'Dutch) appointed for the Body of the Fleer, were fix Firft Rates, ten Seconds, twenty eight Thirds, fix Fourths, four Fifths, and five of the Sixth Rate, together with Firelhips, a Bomb VefTel, and four Hoipitals. There was at this time a great want of Men, and for the more fpeedy raifing them, general Orders were ifTued (but foon after con- tradided) for taking half the Seamen from all the Privateers How- ever, that the Fleet might be put into as early a Condition for Ser- ■Btve nes'i- vice as it was poftible, five Regiments of Foot were ordered to be ments of Foot embark'd at 'Port/mouth ; and that the Provifions might laft the pitt on board, j^^gg^^ fj^g g^jps Companies were to put Six to Four Men's Allow- ance of all Species, except Beer; for there was not yet fuch a Quan- tity provided as would enable them to keep out at Sea as long as the Service might require. The Admirals The Fleet arrived zt St. Helen's the fcventh o^ Afajt where the arn->e at t. Admirals formed their Line of Battel ; and fincc it is not altogether formVheir"'' neccflary to intert the fame in the exad Form, with every Ship's Lint of Battel. Name, and that of her Commander, as they were appointed to fol- i<593. low each other, I fhall explain the Strength of each Divifion in the manner following, viz. Bnglijh. I Chap.XI. fro?n the Tear i6^S, to 16^1. 481 Englijh. Rates. 1% i\ 3d, 4''', ^th^ gth^ Firefhips. In the Divifion of the Vice-l ^ , , , ^ miral of the Blue, > °' 3' ^' '' °' °' 3- Admiral of the Blue, ■ ■ x, i, f, r, o, i, 3. Rear- Admiral of the Blue, — ■ o, i, 6, i, o, o, z. Rear-Admiral of the Red, — i, i, f, i, o, o, z. Admiral of the Red, 3> ij S"? i» 2,, 2^ 3. Vice-Admiral, Admiral, I, X, 4, 2, 0, 0, 2. 2, I, 6, I, 0, 2-, 3- 3> o> 4> 3> 0, I, I. 12, 12, 40, 11, 2, 6, 19- Auother Vice-Admiral, . — Thus the Fleet, Englijh and 'Dutchf would, when join'd, have con- fided of one hundred and two Sail, befides Brigantincs, Bomb-Vef^ fels, and Hofpital Ships, whereof feventy were Ships of the Line of Battel ; and although thofe of the T)utch^ which I reckon ac- cording to Rate?, (a Method not ufed by that Nation) are more or lefs inferior to thofe of the Englijh^ yet have I taken great care to marlhal them together as near as thofe Differences would admit of it. The Day 'after the Fleet arrived at Spithead, the Flag-Officers ^ confuita- took into Confidcration, purfuant to her Majefty's Commands, whaf,"^.,'',„^'''^J" Number of Ships might be proper for them to carry off of Bteji^ ships at Bieft. as alio what might be attempted when there ; and it was agreed, that if the Fleet could be made up to Seventy, they would proceed to the faid Port, and endeavour to attempt the French Ships ; their Realbn for infifting on liich a Number being the Uncertainty whe- ther or not the Ships from Thoulon had joined them. Another Council of War was called the fifteenth of May, to con- -^"o'^fCon- fider how the Streights Fleet, with the Trade bound to Turkey, yj,f"fj^f,^^ might moft iafely proceed under the Condud: of Sir George Rooke. forward the Having debated this Matter, they were of Opinion that if the Thou- ^""^''^ ^°^' Ion Squadron was come out of the Streights, and join'd to thole of Brefi, ten Men of V/ar, a fmall Frigate, and a Firefliip, would be fufficient for the aforefaid Convoy, and that the feparare Convoy for Spain ought to proceed with them, while the Body of the Fleet accompanied both out of the Chanel ; but that if the French were not joined, it was proper the whole Squadron Ihould forthwith pro- ceed with their Convoys. On the other hand, if the French Ships were joined, and at Sea, it was judged advifeable for the main Fleet to proceed with the Mediterranean Squadron as far as a Council of War might think proper when they Ihould be in the Soundings ; but that if no certain Advice could be got oi- the Thoulon Squadron's Q^q q being ^8 2 NavalTranfaclmis ofthc^ngM^, Book IV. being come out of the Srrcights, or where they were, before the Fleet Tailed from St. Helen <, the Mediterranean Squadron (that is to fay, ten Ships of War, a Frigate, and a Firelhip) Ihouid remain at St. Heleii's, until InteUigcnce could be gained. rhijdmintis Xhc nineteenth of May the Lords of the Admiralty (in Obcdi- onieredby the ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ Majcfty's Commaiids) lent Orders to the Admirals to ^dmhtiry lo lail in Company or the squadron bound to the A'lediterranean, and fad u'ith the of the Virginia, and Bilboa Convoys, and that after they had pro- TwvTcon- ceedcd with them as far as might be judged requifite, they Ihould voy. order thofe bound to the Strcights to rteer fuch a Couric to Cadiz, as might be thought mod fafe by a Council of War, with relpe<3: as well to the Breji Fleet, if gone our, as to the Tboulon Squadron, and then with the Body of the Fleet to put in Execution the Inftruc- tions they had received. vetenninati- A Council of Wat being hereupon called, it was determined that "" T-'r\"'he '•^^ f^^^^ 2nd Mediterranean Squadron ihould proceed together Tuiky'co»- thirty Leagues W. S.W. from U/hant:, and that when the Admirals ■"oy- fpread a blue Flag at the Main-top- maft head, and fired three Guns, Sir George Rooke, as well as the other Convoys, Ihould go forward, according to the Orders they had received from the Lords of the Admiralty. The Fleet being on the fourth of June thirty Leagues W. S. W. from UJhanty a Council of War oi Engliflj znd'Dntch Flag-Officers determined. That fmce they had no Intelligence of the Enemy, they Agreed to ac- would accompany the Mediterranean Squadron twenty Leagues far- 7"dc"olvo' ^^^^' ^^^ ^'^^" return to the former Station to take up the Cruifers, uventy ffom whcncc it was judged advifeable to proceed to the Rendezvous Leagues far- fen Lcagucs N. W. of iJ/hant ; ib that leaving the Streights Squa- ' ""■ dron on the fixth in the Evening, they arrived at the laid Rendez- vous two Days after. During this time they met not with any Intelligence of the Ene- Adviccfrom rny's Fleet ; but the Lords of the Admiralty received Advice on the sir Lambert thirteenth from Sir Lambert Black'-jjell, (who was then Conful at ?£ Thouion I^eghorn) which he had from the Mailer of a Maltefe Bark, that Squadron. thc Thoulon Squadtou, with thirty five Gallies, were ready to pro- ceed from Marfeilles ; and Ibme time before this the Country was alarm'd with a Number of Ships fcen off of Scilly, which were thought to be the French Fleet, but they proved to be only 'Danes and Swedes^ under Convoy of a Man of War of about forty four Guns. Some Ships being fent to gain Intelligence on the French Coall, one of them, the IVarfpight., returned to thc Admirals the leven- rccnth of Jtine^ with an Account that llie had flood in as near with xone of the ^t. Mutthew's Point as to bring Breft Bay open, and that neither Enemy s Ships Ship, nor othct Veflel, could be difcovercd there, except two or "/Brd/"" ^'^'^^^ ^™^'' FiHiing Boats ; whereupon it was determined to fail off oi Scilly in queft of the Enemy, (having not yet been informed that the Ships which gave the Alarm were only Danes or Swedes) and from "thence to repair lo Tor bay with the fixty nine Ships of the Line of Battel which were then in Company, forty five whereof ^ were Chap. XL from the Tear 1 6^^^, to 169-1. 483 were Etii^lijh, and twenty four T)ntch. There they arrived the ^.^« ^["' <"- twenty firfl: oijuiie in great \vant of Icvcral Species of Provifions, ''^"^^/ "»Tor- buc inore cfpecially Beer, Butter, and Chccfe, and a Council of War was called the twenty third, upon Commands from her Majcfty, concerning Sir George Rooke, it being apprehended that he might be in danger from the French Fleet, as indeed it happened. It was by this Council determined to proceed \o Lisbon^ in or- Rsfoiutbn of dcr to join him ; but it was found, upon ftridt Enquiry, they had tr^"*'"'^'^ had not Proviftons to enable them ib to do. Ncverthelefs, fincc it App'rehenfiom was judged that the Mediterranean Squadron did greatly require "/ '^'^ Turky the AfTiItance of the Fleet, it was refolvcd to proceed in Ibarch ot f^"J^Yanse,: the Enemy, if the Provifions could in fourteen Days be compleated to ten Weeks at whole Allowance. Much about this time Advice came from the Conful of O- Advice re- forto, dated the ninth of June, that on the firfl of that Month an "'^^-^ »i ''•'^ Exprefs arrived at Lisbon from the Algarvc^ with an Account that ^l^^'^in lL Monfieur Tourville with \\\c French Fleet, confiding of leventy five gos e^y. Ships of War, and icveral other Ships and Vefi^els, in all to the Number of one hundred and fourteen, were come into the Bay of Lagos, between Cape St. Vincent and Faro. It was faid that at firft they fhew'd Englijh Colours, and fome of them 'Dutch, and that by Engliflo Men fent on fhorc, they pretended to be of thofe Na- tions ; but that next Day the Governor fending on board of the Admiral, he infiuuated as if he had been forced in there by bad Weather, and that he intended to fail the following Morning ; though doubtlcfs his real defign was to intercept our Ships of War and their Convoys. Befides this Intelligence, an Exprefs was lent to the Bifliop oi Al- garvc, with an Account that the Count d'Ejlrees was join'd with Monfieur Tourville, and that the whole Body of the French Fleet feem'd to ftaud off to Sea, in order firf^ to double Cape St. Vincent , and then to proceed Northward : Befides which, there was Advice at Cadiz, that they had been difcover'd in Lagos Bay the fixth of '^jtine, in all about one hundred and twenty Sail, of which fevcnty great Ships, together with fixteen Fircfhips, and fix Bomb-VcfTcls, and that twenty of them were cruifing Weflward. Thefe Advices reaching the Englijh Court, the Lords of the Ad- T^he Admirals rairalty fent Orders to the Admirals on the twenty third of June to 'jl^fi^Zi ptot't'- diflribure the expe(!ied Provifions equally as foon as it arrived, zad jions equally to caufe each Captain to take on board what Water he could, inaf^ '" ''" ^'''f- much as it was probable the Service might require the Fleet's con- tinuing at Sea a confiderablc time ; and Dirc(3;ions were given to the Coramifiloncrs for Vi(Sualling to provide as faft as poflibly they could, and halten to the Fleet, what Provifions was then fhipped ofT; for at that time what they had on board would not I'uffice longer than is hereafter raention'd, according to the Computation made thereof by the Agent to the laid CommifTioners. The Bread would end by Augnji 16 Beer — ■ — — July 21 Q^q q z The 484 NavalTranfaBions of the Englilh, Book IV. The Beef would end by September 13. Pork ■ ' Augujl 16. Pcafc September 13. Oatmeal Auguft x6. Butter — — September 1"^. Cheefe — September 13. Thtir v.c.ifons Thc fiffl oijuly the Flag-Officers fubmitted it to her Majefty vvhe- for "" s'-^s ti^er it might be advifeablc for the Fleet to proceed to Lisbon, for with the tlect n t r" t •>! iri>i»7i ii^-^% totheAjfii- that if the trench were joind, and land Northward, the Coaft of anciofsir England woiMhc cxpos'd to Infults. That which had before in- Rooke! duced them to propofc going thither, was for the Security of Sir George Rooke and the Merchant Ships, and proceeding with him farther, or accompanying him home, as it Ihould be thought mod proper : But fmce Orders were ient to him to return, it would be very uncertain where to meet him ; befides, they were of Opinioa that her Majefty's Orders to him being very full, there was no oc- cafion for the making any Additions thereunto, fmce he was by thofe Orders direded, if he found himfelf obliged to go into the River of Lisbon, and that he received certain Intelligence during his Stay there the Thoulon Squadron had join'd the reft of their Fleet, and were gone together Northward from off the Coaft of Tortugal^ ro leave a proper Number of Ships, both Englijlj and 'Dutch, to proceed up the Streights with the Turky Trade, and return himfelf with the reft, and join the Body of our Fleet in thefe Seas, but not meeting them in his Paffage, to repair to the Port of Tlimouthy and there exped: farther DiredJions. Thefe Orders being not fent away before the third o^ June, they could not poftibly timely arrive; for he being the feventeenth of that Mouth about fixty Leagues ihorc of Cape St. Vincent, he thence ordered thc Lark, a nimble fixth Rate, to ftretch ahead of his Scouts in Lagos Bay, and get what Intelligence could be had there of the Enemy ; which Ship bawling the Shore on board in the Night more than the reft of the Fleet did, fhe lay becalmed. ihe French Ncxt Day the Scouts difcovered two of the Enemy's Ships, and lUet frftdif- giving chale until fomcwhat after Noon, the Chatham, of fifty Guns, covered inLTi- ^ <=> t ■ , r i "'ii gos Bay by Came up With ouc 01 them mounted with leventy, and engaged her sir George a fmall time ; but feeing eight or ten Sail under the Cape, Ihe left Rooke. jjgj.^ jjj^ J repaired to the Admiral with an Account of what had been difcovered. Hereupon a Council of War being called, where were the other two Flag-OiBcers, namely, Rear- Admiral //o/i/S//, and Vice- Admiral Vandcrgoes, the Admiral propofed keeping the Wind, or laying by all Night, that fo aDifcovery of the Enemy's Strength might be made the next Morning : But in this he was overruled, it being urg'd, that as the Wind was frelh Northerly, it gave a fair Opportunity of puihing for Cadiz. Thc Admiral being apprchen- five that fuch an Attempt might prove of ill Confequcnce, by draw- ing the Fleet into a greater Force of the Enemy than he could be able to difengage hiralelf from, thought it requinte, before thc Re- fult of this Council of War was ftgned, to call to him five or fix of rhe Chap.XI. from the Tear 1^88, to 169-1. 485 the Captains who happened to be then on board, whofc Opinions being asked, they all concurred in what had been bcl'orc relolved ; lb that making fail, he ran along Shore all Night with a prcfs'd Sail, and forced Icvcral of the Enemy's Ships to cut from their Anchors in Lagos Bay. Next Morning, by break of Day, being ofF of l^il/a Nova, it fell calm, when about ten Sail of the Enemy's Ships of War, and fome other fmall ones with them, were ieen in the Offing. Thofc "^'""'^s^'?! of Ships flood away with their Boats ahead, letting fire to ieveral, and 'hajiuTrnue abandoning others of the fmaiicr Veffcls, fome of which fell into to draw our our Hands, and in one of them there was a Train laid which blew ^^5'""^"" """ up twenty Men. A Firclhip of theirs was alfo taken, by falling in- '"' " ^ to the Fleet in the Night, and the Men belonging to her informed the Admiral, that the Squadron confifted of no more than fifteen Ships of the Line of Battel, but that there were three Flags, namely, Monficur Tourvilky Monficur Villet, and Monficur Lemon ; and that they had with them forty odd Sail of Store-fliips and Merchant Men bound to Tboulon, or to meet Monfieur d'Efirhs. They laid alio that the Squadron had been becalmed off the Cape, and that having watered in the Bay, they were bound diredtly into the Streights, without any Intention of feeing our Fleet. This, with the hafty Retreat of their Men of War in the Morning, and the dc- Icrting and burning their fmall Veffcls, caufed a perfect Belief in the Admiral, and the reft of the Flag-Officers and Captains -, but after- wards it was judged (and with Reafon too) that the precipitate Re- treat of this little part of the Fleet (unlefs they were atfirft lurprizcd, and judged our whole Strength might be together, from the Number of Merchant Ships) was on purpole to amufe us, and thereby draw our Squadron inlenfibly into the Body thereof About Noon the Sea Breeze fprang up at W. N. W, and North- Weft, when the Admiral bore away along lliore upon the Enemy, dilcovering their Strength the more the nearer he came to them, and t^^^ Encmfs at laft counted about eighty Sail , but the Number they ply'd up '^l^-f^Zldf''' to him with was not above fixteen, with three Flags, viz. the Ad- and fixteen miral, Vice-Admiral of the Blue, and Rear-Admiral of the White ; bear up to- for the Vice-Admiral of the White flood off to Sea, that fo he might "^XLT weather our Squadron, and fall in with the Merchant Ships, whilft the Body of their Fleet lay promifcuoully to Leeward of one ano- ther, as far as they could be Icen, cfpecially their biggeft Ships. At Three in the Afternoon our Squadron being within four Miles The Dutch of the Enemy, Vice-Admiral Vandergoes brought to, and fent to Sir ^^'"■f/'"J''f George Rooke, letting him know that he was then fenfiblc of the Ifg'ihem."'' Deceit, for that their whole Fleet might be difcovered, for which Tcalbn he was for avoiding Fighting, if pofTiblc, being fearful that not only many of the Merchant Ships would be loft, but that an Engagement there might certainly occafion the Ruin of the whole. The Admiral judged he was advanced too near to think of a Retreat, and therefore, before the Receipt of this Meflagc, he had refolved to pu(h for it ; but reftediing afterwards upon the Inconveniences he might expofe himfelf to by engaging, and thereby hazarding the Lofs 486 NavalT7'a?ifa^ioTis of theEngliih, Book IV. Lois of the Squadron, contrary to the Opinion and Advice of the s.r George T)iUch Flag-Officcr, he brought to, and ftood off with an cafie Sail, Rookc there that fo thc 'Dutch-, and the heavy Ships might work up to Wind- Ujcn jiands y^^ard, fcndiog at the fame time thc Sheernefs wizh. Orders to the jmall Ships which were near the Land, and could not (as he judged) keep up with thc Fleet, to endeavour to get along Shore in the Night, and lave thcmlelvcs in Faro^ St. Lucar, or Cadiz. The Admiral and Vice- Admiral of the Blue, with eight or ten of the Enemy's Ships fetched very faft upon our Squadron, which obliged them to make Sail ; notwithltanding which they came up with the Leewardmoft about fix a Clock, which being two or three 2)///f /^ Men of War, and lome of their Merchant Ships, they (foon after they were engaged) tack'd and ftood in for the Shore, as the Enemy did after them, thereby giving a fair Opportunity to out TheOfp.rtii- Ships vvliich were to Windward, and ahead, to make their Eicape. nUy our shii,s The Admiral ftood off all Night with a preft Sail, having a frelh t"'^/" fI'T' ^^^'^ '^^ ^' ^- ^^ ^^^ °° Sunday Morning fifty four of the Mer- my'')oii1w- chant Ships, with leveral Men of War were about him, but of ing fome jhc httct no motc than two of thofe belonging to the T)Htch, and ^mlliVshon ^"^ Hamburgher, five Sail of the Enemy's Ships being to Leeward, and two to Windward, which laft kept Sight of him until it was / Night. Next Day the Admiral called the Ofticers of the Men of War and Merchant Ships on board hira, to inform himfelf from them what Account they could give of the reft of the Fleet, and to ad vile what w as heft to be done for their Security. Some of them faid they faw forty or fifty Ships bear away to the Southward, about Ten on Saturday Night, and that among them were the Monk^ and a 'Dutch Man of War of fifty Guns, and there was great Hopes that the Chandos, AJiut and feveral other large Ships bound to Turky were fafe, becauie the Admiral's own Ship was the Lccwardmoft of the Fleet on Sunday Morning, and that now there could be difcerned no more to Leeward than five i^r^z/fA Ships which were ftanding away towards Cadiz. But one of the Mafters of the Merchant Ships was for looking towards the Strcights Mouth ; the reft were pofitively againft it : Some incliu'd for Lisbon^ others for the Groyne, but moft iox Ireland:, lb that the Admiral determined to fteer away either for Cork or Kinfale., the two principal Ports in that Kingdom, With great Art the Enemy drew our Squadron and the Trade in- to this Misfortune; but had they purllied the Advantage with as much Condu<5 and Relolution, not a Ship could well have efcaped ; for the Admiral and Vice- Admiral of the Blue were within Shot of Sir George Rooke when they tacked and ftood in to the Shore after the 'Dutch ; which tacking (as I have faid before) faved the reft of the Fleet. In Whatman-^ Having givcn this Account, it may not be improper to inform ^dron Ind^ you how the Flcct, both Ships of War, and thofe of the Merchants, Merchant wcss- by this unlucky Accident fcparated, viz. i>hips ivtrt fc- J J I. parateii. > Engltjh Ckap.XI. from thcTear 1^88, to 16^1. 487 £;/^/iy5^ Ships of War. Royal Oak, Breda., Monmouth^ Lion, IVool-Ji'ich, Ne'-JL^caftky Chatham, Tyger 'Prize, Lumley Cajile, Trincefs Anne, Loyal Merchant^ Lark, Salamander., 'Difpatch Brigantinc, Spefwell,. .^^^^ Vulture, J ' Mtifcov'ta Merchant, Sroreihip. Sufannah, Bomb Storefhip. Monk, All thcfc were with the Fleet >whca the French ftood in towards the Shore. Sheernefs, Smyrna Factor, cBore up with the Chandosy L^fia, ^c. C Tack'd and ftood in for the ^ Shore with the Merchant (^Ships. 7)utch Ships of War. Captain General, Guelderland, Oofierflcliingiu'erfey "De Bejcer mer^ Nimrncgen, Zeelandtj Tie Hddt Medezel, Schiedam, Merchant Ships in the Fleet. 1 Thefe were alio in the Fleet. r Were already gone Convoy to J Oporto and St. Vbe's, zndio ^forward for Cadiz. rBore up with the Chandos, \AJia, He. Tack'd and ftood in for the 'shore, foon after the Enemy had reach'd and engag d them. George, Concord^ Cro-xn, Aleppo FaEtory Reijurd, Thaenix, Merchants Good-will, Lamhetb, 'Poplar Fr'gate, Terra Nova Merchant ^ V Bound to Smyrna. \ Bound to Scanderoon, Bound to MeJJina. Bound to GstUipoli. ^ Bound to Alicant. Hunter, 48 8 NavalTra7ifa£lwns of the Englilh, Book IV. Hrwter, Andalufia^ Reliefs P^Bound to Cadiz. Sarahy George^ Fidelity^ Bound to St. Lucar. Englijh Merchant Ships mifllng. ChandoSy a "^1? ,, , ^ C Bound to Smyrna. Italian Merchant^ r -^ Marjy ) -^ r^i^ rBound to Leghorn y Smyr- jojepb, Xnay and Scandcroon. Loyalty, Bound to Scanderoony Jacoby '\ Tro/perous Africa, Uoxxnd. to Venice. Rubyy r Golden Frigatey ^ Great Tunifeeny Bound to Tunis. Three Brothers, . g^^^^ ^^ ^^-^^^^^^ Au/annay j Oxendeny Bound to MeJJina. Merchants Goodwilly Bound to Barcelona. Friendjhipy Bound to Malaga. Succefsy Malaga Factor, Benjamin, V Bound to Cadiz. Frog TDoggar, Sarahy John and Samuel, John and TIjomas, Bound to St. Lucar. All the Dutch Turky Ships were mifTing. All the Hamburgl>er Convoys were mifllng, except one Man of of War and one Merchant Man, the other Ship of War failed to St. Vbes. After the Admiral had di/patched the Lark to England Sir George with an Account of the Difafter, he bore away with the Fleet «°r/°'7/Ma- ^° Madera for Water, where he had Hopes of meeting fome den :p 'later, of the fcattcrcd Ships, but found only the Monk, command- ed by Captain Fai^borne ; wherefore putting himiclf into the befl: Condition he could, he failed from Madera the twenty fcvcnth He arrives at oijiiue, and arrivcd at Cork in Ireland the third of AuguJI, where Cork ia Ire- hc received Orders from the joint Admirals to fend the Royal Oak, land. Breda, Monmouth, Lion, JVooli£;ich, and Lum ley Caff le to the main Fleet: But fincc all the Ships with him were in great Want of leve- ral Species of Proviftons, and that no iuddcn Service could be ex- 5 pecked Chap. XI. f}'om the Year i6^S, to i6^-]. 489 pcdted from rholc thac were ro remain at K'tnfalc, he ienc them thither under Command of Captain Fairborne, and came himie.'f with the beforcmentioned Detachment to the Fleet. After our Squadron had thus fortunately elcaped (for indeed as ^'•■•' F't"'-''' hath been already obfcrxed, the Enemy made not much of the of 'np'Xc'^''' ' fered Advantage) the French Admiral proceeded up the Screighrs, S'reights. and came to an Anchor before xhcTown oi AlalagazUc twentieth of July in the Morning, to the Governor of which Place he gave Airurance that he bad no Dcfigii againft either it or the Inhabitants, but that his Intentions were ro burn all the Englijh and ^Dutch Ships in the Port; adding withall, that if the City endeavoured to defend them, (which indeed it was in no good Condition of doing) he was relbl- ved to bombard it. The Governor returned Aniwer, that he would do his utmoft to protedt the Ships according to the King his Ma- iler's Orders, and next Day the French placing their Broadfidcs a- ihe French gainft them in the Mold, being four 'Dutch, and one Fuiiglifhy at- "'""^^ <""■ tempted to burn the 'Union Frigate, but were twice repulled ; ne- /i','ps''a"Mn- verthelefs th^y continued to fire very hotly, and all having been ii-^, whoji done that pofTible could be to defend the laid Merchant Ships, their '"^'■"fi"-' f-">' Matters at lift funk them. The Difpucc between the City and the French laflcd about fix Hours, but they did no great Damage one to the other, nor were there above eight or ten Men killed and wounded on Shore. After this the Enemy returned down the Streightb a 'd anchored in the Bay of Cadizy where they were lb tar from doing Mifchiel, that at the r;.;ythenre- Defire of the French Admiral (for there was no need of Corapul- pair to Cadiz fion) the Governor of the Place gave him a handlbrac Prcfent of ^'f''' "»''- re- Refrelhmcuts. The lame Afternoon they lent away all their Prizes ^Jntsfrom to Thoulon (being about eighteen) under the Convoy of two Men iks Goiotm: of VVa--, and detached about fourteen Ships, and two liomb-Vcflels rhcy detach a toward Gibraltar, in which Bay they arrived the eighth in the ^uadron to Morning, within Gun fhot of the Fortifications, which together wiih '^''''*'^''- the Mold and Ships fired on them all Day, but they made no Re< turn. The eleventh in the Morning Captain y<^wfj-L//'//('/^':'// of tlie Smyr- na Factor, fenr from her, and leveral of the Merchant Ships, about ninety Seamen, ro enable the MaQers of thole four which were bound for Turhy to defend thcrafelves, on whom the French fired, and lent in one of" their Frigates to attack them ; but the warm Re- ception ihe received loon obhged them to refcuc her with their Boats; not Rut that when the French began to fling Bombs into the Mold, thole M.iftcrs (as the others had done at Malaga) boring Holes ourMcrchant in their Ships lunk them, and thereupon the French retired to La- 'll'J^ j^l^L^J gOS Bay. and then tht It is nr-cdiefs to fpend more time in attending the Morion of the ^■•■'my repair French Ficcr, or in relating the mighty Feats they did, by throwing "' ^""^ "^'^ away lomc Bombs on other Ports in the Strtights in their Paffagc to Thoulon; and therefore I Ihall again return to the Body olonr Fleet at Home, which could by no means have arrived time enough to the Aniftancc of Sir George Rooke, had they had iuificient Provifi- K r r ons, 49 o NavdlTra??fa£lio?7softheEngli{h, Book IV, ons, and all other things neccfTary. But fiuce there was an abfo- ^ Council of lute NccefTicy for their going to Sea, a Council of the Flag Officers ^var cdUd to ^yas called thc ninth ofjuly, by whom it was rcfolved to proceed " jifpofelf forty Leagues S. W. from V/barit, and then to confider whether it our Fleet. might be moft proper to remain there, or to remove to Ibme other Sta- tion, for intercepting the Enemy. To put this in Execution they at- tempted to i'ail the eleventh, but were forced back by extreme bad Weather, which did confiderable Damage, and many of the Ships lo(t their Topmafls and Anchors. The Misfortunes of the Merchant Ships with Sir George Rooke^ had not long been known at our Court, e'er feveral Qtieftions were fent to the Admirals by the Lords of the Admiralty, with Relpedt to the Time and Place of their parting from the Squadron, and their nor endeavouring to gain Intelligence at Brefi, &c. but they adhering to the Icveral Councils of War which were held upon that Subjc6t, the whole Matter ended with Ibme Examinations before the Houle of Commons. The ViBo'fj, Dntcbefs^ Suffolk, Ofory, and Elizabeth, which wanted the greatefl Repairs, were fent from the Fleet to Chatham^ towards the latter End oiAugnJl, but it was ordered that if any other damaged Ships could be made fit for the Sea in 'Torbay, they Ihould be immediately gone in hand with; and at this time all the 'Dutch Ships were in a tolerable good Condition, except that wherein Vice- Admiral Callemberg bore his Flag ; but the Winter Seafon being fome- what advanced, the Admirals received Orders the twenty fifth to The Admirals comc wlth the Flcct to St. Hclen's; where being arrived, the tour comewiih the Regiments which were put on board, for the better manning them, Hden", and wctc landed at Tort/mouth, and the Ships with three Decks fent to the great ships BUckflakes, cxccpt four of thcm, the St. Andrew, St. Michael, (ham" ^'^*' ^sptune, and Vanguard, which were appointed to be fitted at the faid Port oi Tortfmouth:, and on the nineteenth o'^ September fifteen 'Dutch Ships of thc Line of Battel, with two Frigates of thirty fix Guns each, were ordered by his Majefty to Holland, fb that the Body being now fcparated, it was determined that one Second Rate, feventeen Thirds, feven Fourths, one Fifth, feven Firefliips, and two Hofpital Ships Ihould be the Winter Guard. Chap. XII. ^n Account of Sir Francis Wheler'5 Proceedings to the Mediterranean, to the Time of his unfortunate Lofs^ and ■what happened afterwards. SIR Francis IVheler being appointed Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Squadron defigned for the Mediterranean, I lliall now give an Account of what pafTed in thole Parts during his time, and after his unfortunate Lofs, under the Condudl of Rear- J Admiral Chap. XII. frojH the Tedv 1688, to 169-]. 4.^1 Admiral Nevi/, until iuch time as he was joined sxCadis:. by Admi- ral Rujftl with the Engiijh and Dutch Fleets. He was direded by the Lords of the Admiralty, by their Or- ders bearing Date the twentieth of November, to proceed to Cadiz with fixtcen Third Rates, ieven Fourths, one Fifth, one Sixth, fix Fireihips, two Bomb-VefTels, an Hoipiral Ship, and a Storeihip, in Company of feveral 'D/z/'r/; Ships of War appointed to join him, ^"^ franc's and to take under his Convoy all Merchant Ships bound to Tnrky^ ^ ''l'.^' '^'*" T-. ■ o • T I ^ ~^i jir;iit:ons. or any Port m dpam or Italy. If he arrived at Cadiz before the Spanijh Plate Fleet, he was to cruife in fuch Station as ihould be agreed on at \a Council of War, not exceeding thirty Days, to fecurc them in their PafTage ; and when the faid Fleet came into Port, or if they did not fo do with- in the aforei'aid time, he was to proceed into the Mediterranean with feven Third Rates, as many Fourths, one Fifth, one Sixth, four Firefhips, two Bomb-VelTels, and the Hofpital Ship, and Store- ihip, together with the "Dutch. The reft of the Squadron he was to leave at Cadiz, with Orders to the lenior Officer to remain one and twenty Days there, and then to return to England with all the Trade that Ihould be ready to accompany him; and if the Spanijh Ships of War arrived at Cadiz before Sir Francis IVheler's Depar- ture thence, he was to concert with their Admiral where to join him at his Return from convoying the Turky Trade. He had particular Inftrudtions what Convoys to fend to Turky., and to other Ports up the Streights, which he was to accompany as high as the Chanel of Malta ; but was cautioned (as ufual) not to block up any of the Grand Signior's Ports, and if he took any Ships wherein were the Perlbns or Effedts of that Prince, or his Subjcdts, he was ordered to let both one and the other on Shore at the firft convenient Place. When he had thus fcnt forward the feveral Convoys, he was to return with the Engiijh and Dutch Ships of War, and join the Spanijh Squadron, and with their Afllftance to endeavour to annoy the Enemy, and prote<5t the Trade ; and when he judged the Tur- ky Convoys might be on their Return, he was to repair to the ap- pointed Rendezvous for joining them, and accompany them to Eng- land, bringing with him the leveral Trades from the Ports in the Streights, and Cadiz. He was alio farther diredied, when he ihould be in the Mediter- 'ranean, to iend two or three Ships before Algicr, Tunis, and Tri- poli, to confirm the Peace with thofe Governments, and to dehver his Majefty's Prcfents to them. From the twentieth of November to the twenty feventh of the j^jn- foUowing Month he lay at St. Helens, before which time all things neceflfary for his Voyage could not be, or at leaft were not, in a Readinefs, and then he failed, leaving behind him two or three of of the imaller Ships at 'Portfmouth and 'Plimouth, to convoy the ^^' /^''' ""'' Storefliips and Viduallers after him. S^i" t The twenty ninth in the Evening he took his Departure from the Portugal. Land, being joined by moft of the Ships he had left behind, and R r r z alio 49 2 iSlavdTr^Mifaclions of the Englifh, Book IV. alfo the Viduallers from •Portfimutb and Tliwoiith, and the fourth of the next Month, near the length of the Northward Cape, he ap- pointed a Convoy to the Ships bound to Oporto, and other Places thereabouts. Two Days after he lent in with the Lisbon and St. Ube's Ships three Third Rates, two Fourth Rates, and a Firefliip, being informed that there were five Sail of the Eaeray either off of the Rock of Lisbon, or Cape S^.P^inceut. The thirteenth at Night, as he was ftanding E. by S. the Wind N. by E. about ten Leagues from Cape St. Vincent, he (aw four big Ships, and immediately made the Signal for forae of his Squadron to endeavour to fpeak. with them ; but they bearing away, and it being dirty Weather, ours were called off, to prevent lofing Com- pany. Next Morning he dilcovcred fix Sail aftern of him, about ieven Leagues N. of Cape St. VtJicent, for which he lay by with little Wind, that lb, if they were fome of his own Number, they might come up, or if Enemies, give an Opportunity to his Ships to get together. The Wind was contrary the fifteenth at Night, but it veering about in the Morning to the N. N. W. he made lail, and prclently faw four French Ships of War, one of them larger than the others, about three Leagues to Windward of the Fleer, near Lagos, and two more at a diftance under the Shore. This induced him to command all the Merchant Ships to bear down to Leeward of him, for their better Security, and he ordered Vice- Admiral Hopfon, and five Sail more, to chaie to Windward ; but the Enemy's Ships being clean, and at aconfiderable Diftancc, there was no coming up with them. Rear-Mmi- A Couucil of Wat determined that Rear- Admiral Nevil, with the '■'''Nevii/e»f ^arfpight, Tork, Chatham, and two Dtttch Men of War of fe- yiJeTrench vcDty Guus cach, With two Firclhips, Ihould (land away towards ships off Cape Capc St. Viticciit vo. qucfl of them, and having cruiied there fix Sf. Vincent. Y>vj% to join the Lisbon^ St. 'Vbes^ and Oporto Convoy, and bring Sir Francis them to Cadiz, where Sir Francis JVheler himfelf arrived the nine- Wheierar- tecnth oi January, having lofl: Company in his Pafi^age with no jiz. more than one of the one hundred fixty five Ships he carried with him from England, for the Canary Convoy ieparatcd before at a convenient Station. _ An Account of In CadiZ Bay he found the Spanijh Armada, being about fixteeu I ti^ SpaniQi Sail, but all unrigg'd. Their Admiral afiured him they Ihould be I ™^ ^' ready about the latter end of March, though, according to theDil- patch they ufually made, feme Months more might reaionably have* been allowed them. Of the T>utch Ieven accompany 'd him from England, two more he found at Cadiz, and four others were fiid- denly expedlcd as Convoy to their Trade, but in the room of them the like Number were to return home ; fo that confidering the Con- voys he was to appoint, the Smallncis of the Sq'iadron, and the Uncertainty of timely Affiftance Irom the Spaniards, he was not a little doubtful of the Succels of the Expedition. ^^"VTt •"^" "^'^^ Flota he found lafcly arrived in Cadiz Bay, fo that his Care Cadiz iiy."* for them was at an end ; and the twenty fifth of January Rear- Adrairal Nevil returned with the Ships ordered to cruife off of Cape ' • Sr, P'in- Chap.XII. from the Tear 16"^%, to 169-]. 4^3 St. Vincent ■> having there luckily joined the bcforemention'd Con- voys, when in fight of the French Squadron. After he had appointed two Third Rates, two Fourths, and a Firefhip, with ioxxx 'Dutch Men of War, two whereof were Ships of ievenry Gun?, to convoy the homeward-bound Trade, and given Vice-Admiral Hopfon the ncceflary hiflrudions for the Performance vkt-Adtnhai of that Service, he put to Sea, having not had a Weflerly Wind, af li'"'^''!' "'" rer he was ready to I'ai!, before the tenth oi February \ but when -,mih t'l'J" he had gotten the Entrance of the Streighrs open , he was forced ^rade, and to beat up again for the Bay of Bulls, where he anchored the next whekr^ri/j Day. hutiijarud' The feventecnth in the Afternoon he failed from thence, and be- *"''*■ ing off of the Bay o'i Gibraltar, he lay by with an eaiy Gale at '^'""'^'"''• Weft ; but the next Morning about two a Clock made lail again, with little Wind Northerly. At feven the Wind came up at S. E. then to the E. N. E. with Thunder, Lightning, and Rain ; fo that a vioUnt tlie Fleet laid their Heads to the South, but at One in the After- '^'"""• noon they wore, and lay Northward under a main Courfe, it blow- ing a hard Gale at E. S. E. the Hill of Gibraltar bearing W. S. W. diftant about fix Leagues. At four a Clock the LandWcftward of Fuengirola (which is about two Leagues from Malaga) was fecn N. E. by E. and between Four and Five the Squadron went about, but Rear- Admiral Ncvil getting his Tacks on board, flood South- ward, lying up S. E. under his Courfes. At Six the Admiral him- felf hauled up his Fore, and tried with his Mainfail, with his Head Southward; but at Twelve at Night the ©^/t/j Vice Admiral Cal- lemberg, made the Signal for coming to fail, and Rear Admiral A'i?- i;// doing the like, got his Foretack aboard. About one it blcvv' vc- The ships re- ry hard, and his Forclail being lofl, he was forced to lie under a '"■^^J^^^'^^h* Mainfail and Mizen all Night. Next Day, about Five in the Morn- &c. ' " ' ' ing, the Rear- Admiral's Mainfail alio gave way, and feeing about an Hour after the Southward part of the Hill o\ Gibraltar W. S. W. of him, at the Diftancc of about three Leagues, and at the fame time fourteen Sail of the Fleet to Windward, ibme under their Main- fails, others under their Mizen only, and iome without Mafts, he immediately brought a new Forelail to the Yard, and hoirted his En- fign, thereby to give Notice to the other Ships of-the Fleet, which were in fight, of his feeing the Land ; and himfclf dilccrning the Mouth of the Srreights, he ftood away for it, as did Vice- Admiral Callemberg ; but other Ships having the Bay of Gibraltar open, several sh^ps and miftaking it, in all Probability, for the Entrance into the >"'M^ '>" Streights, put in there, not being able to fee the Land Weftward by xt\\\l for tie reafon of the Hazinefs of the Weather, with much Rain, which oc- strcghts cafioned their running into that unhappy Misfortune ; for it being '^^""^' "'"^ a Lee Shore, foul Ground, and their Sails flying in pieces into the Air, they were forced to let go their Anchors, of which many were loft, raoft of their Cables f[ioilcd, and fomc of ^hc Ships forced ou illOre. Rear-Aimi- The Rear- Admiral forefceing the Danger, was not able timely to iv>/Ncviiutch, were on the Ground, and few or none of the whole Squadron efcaped without confiderable Damage. rhe Squadron But thc grcateft part of them being got together at Gibraltar^ it Gibuiur.''' ^^5 thought advifeable by a Council of War, to repair to the Bay of Cadiz with all fuch Ships as were in a Condition, fince it was judged they might be there moft fafe from the French ; but in do- ing that they were prevented by contrary Winds until the beginning of May. I lately mentioncsd the Orders which were given by Sir Francis IVheler to Vice- Admiral //ip/y^w, for returning from Cadiz to Eng- land with thc Trade, after he had ftaid a certain time there; but before he could leave that Place, the Governor thereof received an 1 Order Chap.XIII. from the Tear 16'^^, to 169-j. 4^5 Order from his Catholick Majcfty, dircding him to give an Account '''<:'- ^imira ar- to rhe Captams of the En f^' """'^.^ miral Ruffel, with the moft confiderable part of the Fleets, both ^''^'""''' ^"'■ Englijh and 'Dutch, then in Pay, arrived at Cadiz, after he had left the Lord Berkeley, Admiral of the Blue, with the Remainder for the Expedition againft Breft ; an Account of whole Proceedings, from the time he failed from St. Helen's, as alfo of the ill Succefs our Forces had in the Attempt they made on that confiderable Pore of the Enemy's, I iball now proceed to give you. Chap. XIII. Adrn'iral Rufiftl'^ Proceedings with the Fleet in the Chanel, wnth an Account of the Attempt made on Breft, and o- ther French Towns, ^ I "^HE whole Fleet being at Sx. Helen's, and the Forces dcfign'd '^^r. Ruirei J on Service againft Breft on their March towards Tortfmoutb, Q^'^'j^^n'' where they were to embark, Mx.Ruffil gave Order to Sir Cloudefty shoveii to Shovell, on the third oi May, to remain there with three Firft Rates, '"''^ '" '^' nine Seconds, thirteen Thirds, Icven Fourths, four Fifths, and three portfmouth of the Sixth, until the Men belonging to them were paid, and to defignd^.- confider during that cime how many of the Land Forces (luppofed ^"'"-^ ^'■^'^• to be about fix thouiand) each Ship could conveniently take on hoard, and what Numbers might embark in the Tenders left there for that purpofe, wherein he was ordered to advifc with Lieutenan%- General Talmarjh. With 49 ^ NavalTranfaBions of the Englilh, Book IV. He fads I'lii) the Soiimi- in^s Miih the reft of the Flee:. Has Advice lOhen the French failed from Brcli. Some French Merchant Shii'-sdrflrycd in IJer'lie- aume B.iv. The Admiral arrives at St. Helen 'i. Sails a^ain from theme. Lord Rerke- Icy'j Infliuc- tions for at- tempting Bred. With the reft of the Fleet the Admiral failed, and reached the ap- pointed Station, which was fifteen Leagues S. S. W. from the Lizard^ rhc nineteenth of A/-^y, where he was informed by the Mafter of a S-Jjcdijl) Ship, who came from Brejl bur three Days before, rliac the Ships wliich had for fomc time been ready to fail from that Port, departed thence the twenty fifth oi JprilO. S. with a ftroui^ Eaft- erly Wind, and that forty or fifty Merchant Ships lay in Bcrtbcanme Bay, bound Eaftward under Protection of a Man of War or two. Upon this he ordered the Monmouth zn^ Refolution^ with a Fire- Jhip^ to go between theTrade -way and the Main, and endeavour to take or deftroy them. Captain 'Pickard., who commanded them, brought with him into the Fleet two of theVcflels, a large Flyboar, and a Pink, loaden with Salt, having, as he reported, forced on ihore thirty five Sail. When the Fleet had been fome Days in the aforefaid Station, k was judged neccfi!ary to repair to Torbo), that fo the other pare thereof; with the Soldiers, might be the fooncr joined : In order whercunto, the Admiral wrote to Sir Cloudrjly Sbovcll, letting him know, that if the Wmd continued Wefterly he had thoughts of com- ing to Sptbead^ but if Eafterly, to remain m Torbay for him. Sail- ing according to this Reiolution, he arrived at St. Hi'Ieu's the twen- ty third, and applied himfclf with the greatcft Diligence towards the Diftribution of the Land-Forces, and complcatmg thcProvifious, that fo an Opportunity of the firft fair Wind might not be loft ; and Cruilers were ordered on propei SrationsTo gain Intelligence. All things being dilpafched, he tailed, and by flopping of Tides, got oiT ihc Berry- Head the fecond oi June, being confirmed in his former Opinion by other Advices he had received, that the French Ships were gone from Breji ro Tboidon. It was agreed that when the Fleet was in a proper Station, the Squadron appointed to a<5t with the Land-Forces ihouldlcparate upon making the appointed Signal, and ftcer away iox Brejt, and that then the Admiral himlelf Ihould take his Courfe towards the Mediterra- nean with the Remainder : And, that no time might be loft, he prepared Orders, before he iailcd from St. Heletis, by which John Lord Berkeley was diredled how to govern himfelf, the Contents whereof follows, viz. I. He was informed what Siiips, both Englijh and T>Htchy were to be under his Command, and dired:ed to proceed with them to BreJi, and when there, to land the Officers and Soldiers in fuch manner, and at luch Place, or Places, as lliould be agreed on by a Council of War of the General-Officers, both at Sea and Land, who were to confider, before they arrived at BreJi, how the Forces might be beft affifted by the Ships, either in going on fhore, or otherwife, as alio when it might be moft proper for the Squadron to go into BreJi Water, to affift in the carrying on the Defign againft the Town, and the Ships there. ,x. When they had done all they were able againft BreJi, it was to be confidered what Service might be performed on any other of the Chap.XIII. from the Tear 1 6^^, to 169-]. 497 9 * I ■■■ I ■ ■-. ■ ■ ' - ' — - — — — ■-■ — ■ — - — the French King's Pores, and how the fame might be moft effedu- ally put in Execution. 3. And when a Council of War fhould judge that no farther Ser- vice could be done, cither by Sea or Land, and think it advifcable to have the Forces taken on board again, he was to caufe the lame to be performed, and then repair to, and remain in TorOajy or at Spit bend, until ho received Orders liora the King, or the Lords of the Admiralty. 4. His Lordihip was alio dircd:cd to ufe his befl: Endeavours to protedt the Forces, at all rimes when it fliould be thought proper to land them, and lo embark them again : And if the General Of- ficers iliould at any time judge it neccflary to have part of the Sea- men put on Ihore, to ftrengthen the Troops, and that the Ships might conveniently (pare them, he was to appoint fuch a Number as the laid General Officers Ihould dcfire, or at leaft lo many as he could without hazard of the Ships. Having now given you the Contents of the Inftrudbions to the Lord Bet keley^ it will appear by the following Account what Na- val Scrcngth was fent with him on this Service, viz. Rarss. I z 3 4 5 Firefnips Hofpirals Brigautmcs Befides Bonab-VefTels, Advice Boats, ^c. Number. 3 - 4 I z 10 3 3 The Naval Strength with Lord Berke- ley. T>tUch. Ships of the Line of Battel Fircihips 19 4 For the more regular carrying on this Defign, his Lordihip was or- dered to caule rhc Ship<; and VelTcls befbremeutioncd, as well as the Tenders and Well-Boats, (which latter were- particularly built for putting Men on Ihore) to keep near the Flags whereto they were rclpcdlively appointed, and to Ihitr their Pendants accordingly, that fo when the Signal ftiouid be made for parting, each might follow his proper Fbg without Confufion ; for at this time there were not many of the Officers who knew the Fleet was to be thus divided. Care being taken as to that part of the Fleet bound to Brejly and Camaret Bay appointed the Rendezvous in calc of Separation, the Admiral confidcrcd what was neceffary to be done with reipedt to the Ships which were to proceed with him in the Mi;diterranean% aiMJ knowing what ill Conlcqucnces might attend Separation, in cafe S \i the 49 8 NavalTraiifdcYwns ofthc^ngliih. Book IV. the Ships fo leparatcd knew not certainly where to join again, he gave to each Captain the following Rendezvous, viz. The Render- That if thcv happened to lolc fight of the Fleet when Fifcy Leagues ■voui p-jenby g W_ from thc Lizard, and that the Winds blew lb ftrong Wefterly ^offhtTw^l as to oblige him to bear up, they fliould repair ro Torbay : But defi^ned for that If thcy happened ro loie Company in a Fog, or by any other the streights. j^c^ident, whcn to the Eaflward of the aforefiid Srarion, thcy Ihould make the bcft of their way fifteen Leagues Weft from Qz^c Spartell, and remain there until joined by the Fleet, or that they were other- wife ordered; and thcy were (Iridtiy forbid to chafe out of their way, on any Pretence whatever, or to dilcover where they were bound to any Ship orVclTel thcy fliould meet with. But fince they might probably join him before he reach'd the Rendezvous near Cape Sf art ell., he let them know, that, as the Winds proved, he defigned to haul in within twenty five Leagues Weft of Cape F'mi- Jferre, and within twenty of CapcSt. Vincent., and that from thence he would proceed diredHy to the aforeiaid Rendezvous : And all the Captains were expreflly direded not to break open the Rendezvous which was delivered to them fcaled, unlels they Ihould happen to be feparated with the Wind Earterly, and then informing themfelves of the Contents thereof, they were, purliiant thereunto, to lepair to the Fleet fifteen Leagues S. W. from the Land's End Oi England. All things being now adjufted for the Fleet's Separation, a Coun- cil of War was called the thirty firft of May of the Flag and Ge- neral Officers, who taking into Confidcration the feveral Particulars relating to the Squadron appointed for Breji^ came to the follow- ing Relolutions, viz. RefuU ef a I. That the Lord Berkeley fliould with the laid Squadron make Council of jj^g jjg^ ^f }^jj ^^,2y to, and anchor in Camaret Bay, and the Land- taclmg%\t\\. Forces be immediately let on fliore ; and that the Ships fliould con- tinue at an Anchor, until they received Advice from General Tal- marfly of the Condition of the Fort on the Starboard-fide going in, and of what Forces he found there. "L. That it was not proper to come to any pofirive Reftilution at what time the Fleet ihould go into Breft-JVater., and therefore that Matter was left to be confidered when they arrived in Camaret Bay. 3. That a red Enfign at the Fore-top-maft-head on board the Lord Berkeley'^ Ship, with the firing of a Gun, fliould be the Sig- nal for the Soldiers to embark on board the fmall Craft and Boat-^ ; and the taking down that Signal, with the firing of two Guns, for their going on Ihore. : There were prefent at this Council Admiral Rtijfel, John Lord Berkeley^ Sir Cloudcjly Shovell, Vice-Admiral ylylmer. Rear- Admiral Mitchel, ... . % Thc Chap-XIIL from the Tear 1 6^^, to 1691, 45)^ The Marquis of Carmarthen., George Byng, Elq; firft Captain to the Admiral, Lieutenant- General Talmarjh, Earl of Macclesfield, Lord Cutrs, Sir Martin Beckmau 'Dutch. Admiral Allemonde, Vice- Admiral Vanderpitt, Vice-Admiral Schey, f <-r\ ^ i r\ /-k/c ■D \A ■ \ 7^ ,':L^..n 7- Dutch Flas-Officers. Rear- Admiral y undergoes, ^ o Rear-Admiral Evert/on, Caprain Vander Dtijfen. T!ie fixrh Day of June in the Afccrnoon the two Fleets parted. The ihet fe- and fiace that commanded by the Lord Berkeley came fooneft to /''"■'""• their appointed Service, it may be proper to give an Account firft of what was done by them, and then follow the Admiral himfelf to the Streights. My Lord Berkeley being arrived in Camaret Bay, a Council of War was called on board the Ship ^leen the eighth oi June, where was prelcnt his Lord 'hip, Lieutenant-General Talmarfly, and all the Flag and General Officers, by whom it was relblvcd that the Lieu- ^^[oiathnta- tcnant General fliould go on fliore with the Troops as foon as it was undm'^ mar poHiblc, and endeavour to make himfelf Mafter of the Fort at Ca- Breil. maret, and that four or five Frigates Ihould cover him in landing. Accordingly a confiderablc Number of the Forces were put on some of the iliorc, but the French Coafl: being fortified, and intrenched almoft ^J'^T'"''!"* in every Place, our Men received fo warm a Reception, that they repuifid. were ibon obliged to return to the Boats, and that too in no little Dilbrdcr. In this Adtion we loft about fix hundred Men ; and the Lieute- Lieutenam- nant-Gcneral himfelf being wounded in the Thigh, died foon after '•^"^raiTzl- at Tlimoiith. The Monk, Charles Gaily, and Shoreham, forae of /^/j woilnd' the Ships which were lent in to protc6t the Landing, and to batter the French Forts, were very much fliatter'd, and in them, and the others, about a hundred and twelve Men were killed and wound- ed; a Dutch Frigate was funk, and her Captain killed; befides which, we received many other Damages. The whole Extent of the Bays oi Camaret zndi Bertheaume (which lie on each fide of the Entrance into BreJi-ivaterJ was in a manner a continu'd Fortification ; for where there was any Place to put For- ces on (hore, there had the French Batteries and Retrenchments, and they threw Bombs at our Ships from five or fix Places. As loon as rhe Land Forces were embarked, a General Council 'fl,'~^'"'","\°^ ot War was held, and lince they found it impracticable to attempt covfidtrwhat any thing farther at Breft, it was confidercd what might be done ""gi't i" f^r- Si'i'z with ''''^ ''""•• 500 NavalTranf actions of the Engliih, Book IV. with the Fleet and Army. The Lieutcnant-General informed them that he had not lufficient Authority to attempt any other Place, and there- fore propoied that a Squadron of fmall Frigates, with the Bomb- Veflels, mi'^hr be lent into that Harbour, to try it they could bomb the Town. This was thought by no means advifcable, for the Ships could not go in without a Wederly, nor come out without an Eaftcrly Wind ; and nuce it was not known what Strength the French had in that Port, they might run the hazard of tailing mto their Fiands: Befidcs, one of them was funk in bartering the Forts, and mofl of the others rendcr'd unfit for Service ; lo that it was agreed to repair to S^itbcad, as the mofl: proper Place to land the Troops at, and to refit the Ships. Thus ended this unlucky Expedition ; but I cannot leave it with- out making this Oblervation, That the French would not in all Pro- bability have been in luch a Pofture to receive our Troop*;, had not early Advice been given of the Debates and Refolutions concerning this Affair, by French Men who were confulted and advifed with therein, as hath been before obferved. 7he Fleet ar- Xhc Fleet failing from Camaret Bay, arrived at St. Helen's the Helen'' ^'' fiftcccitli of JimCy and there Orders were received from the Queen, that a Council of War of the Flag and General-Officers fliould con- fider how the Ships and Troops might be beft employed, who were A Council of of Opinion, that the Fleet ihould lail to the Coaft oi France, and ^InnoftiTE- ^""oy ^"^^ Eucmy not only with the Bomb-Vefflls, but by landing nem-j by in the Couutry ; and that the lame might be better effected, it was bombing, and defircd that lomc more fmall Frigates might be ient to the Fleet to an ing Men. ^^^^^^ jj^g j^jj gomb VeffVls, which the greater Ships could not do. The eighteenth oi June another Council was call'd, when it was judged that fome Place on the Coaft of Normandy might with moft Succels be bombarded, and that four Regiments would be lufficieut to fecure the Borab-Veffels againft the Attempts of the French^ as well as for other neceflary Services. The Fleet being refitted, and the Seamen and Land Forces re- freflied, the Queen's Orders were received the twenty feventh oijune^ and thereupon another Council was called, where it was agreed, that fince the Wind was fiefli Weftcrly, the Fleet iliould firft proceed and bombard T>ieppe, and then do what other Prejudice they could along \}c\& French Qo^^. Being arrived there, they were pievented in making any Attempt by bad Weather, which not only difperfcd the Ships, but damaged Ibme of them in their Marts and Rigging, lb that they were conftrain'd to return to the Coaft of Fngland, and anchor ofTot "Denge Nejc, where the fcatter'd Ships and VclTels join'd the fifth of Ju/y, and failing thence again to TD'iepfe Road, it was in- tended to bombard that Town the ninth in the Morning ; in order whereunto fcvcral of the Bomb-Vcffcls advanced near in w i:h the Shore, but it blowing hard at Night, they were prevented by the great Sea which then ran. Dieppe iow- The thirteenth the Town of Dieppe was bombarded, and fo effec- "'' ' ■ tually too, that it appeared all in Flames ; and the Night before a Ma- chine VefTel was blown up at the Pier-F-Iead, but with little or no Suc- cefs, occafioned, as was iuppolcd, by the Fiead's lying lo low. Captain Tiunbar Chap.XIIL from the Tear i6SS, to i6^t. 501 'Dntibari who commanded thisVeflcl, behaved himfelf with great Bravery, for the Fufee going our, he went on board again, and let fire to ir, for which, both hncielf and the Men he took with him, were delcrvedly rewarded. The Fleet failed from T>'ieppe the fourteenth in the Afternoon, molt of the few Houles which were {landing being on fire, and on the fixrcenth the Bombardment oi Havre de Grace began, which '^^^''^ <^^ had lb good an Elfed:, that the Town was in Flames in feve- //,!]^,^ ""'' ra! Places, and burnt all that Night and the next Day ; nor was the Fire extinguiihcd the eighteenth, infomuch that it might be rea- Ibnably conjedhired at lead a third part thereof was coniumed. The nineteenth the Weather was very bad, ^o that all the Bomb-Veffels were ordered off, not above five of them being ferviccable, for the Mortars were either melted, or the VefTels themfelves fo ihattercd, that no prelent uie could be made of them, and one of them, called the Granadoe, was entirely blown to pieces by a Bomb which fell into her. A Council of War agreed it would belofing of Time to flay longer before Havre de Grace, and therefore determined to proceed to St. Hi'leiis^ and endeavour to repair the Damages received; but it was rhoughtadvifcable, if Wind and Weather would admit of it, to proceed r/js f/^^r /-re. fird to La Hague i or Cherbourg, or both, thereby to alarm the Hogue, * French, and draw their Land-Forces farther Weftward. Accordingly Cherbourg, the Fleet failed, and appeared off of thoie Places, tho' they met with '^'^' .""'^ '^*'* ruffling Weather. This alarm 'd the French fo much, that they fired Heien'i. fevcral Guns, and made many Fires on fhore ; but our People be- ing not able to do any Service on them, flretched it over to St. He- len's, v,'heic they arrived the twenty fixth in the Afternoon, and then all the Bomb Veffels and Well Boats were lent into the Harbour to be refitted, and fix of the Regiments were put on fliore by the Queen's Order. Some time was fpent in getting all things ready, io that the Fleet could not reach the ©oav/j- (as ordered) before the ninth of yJiiguJf, and there a Council of War was called on the Jjl'J'-^^l'" Icventeenth, upon a Signification of her Majefly's Pleafure, that an Downs. Attempt lliould be made on 'Dunkirk, if it Ihould be thought pra- dlicahlc, and that it might not too much expofe the Ships of War at luch a Seafon of the Year on lo dangerous a Coafl. This Matter was debated, and all the Englijh Pilots, with one of the T>utch, (the only one in the Squadron) were coufulted, who would not un- a council of dcrtake to carry a Squadron of Frigates and Firelliips into Flemijh ^l^l^l"f^'Jl Road ; for that the Diftance between the Brake and the Wooden to attempt Forts was not above Piflol-fhot, and that there was not Water e- Dunkirk thn nough for the Ships to ride Eaflward ; nor could they (as they laid) '^'"^' come out again with the lame Wind which would carry them in. Upon Confideration whereof, and that the Sealbn of the Year was too far advanced, as alio that there were no more than five Frigates (not a fourth part of what was necefilary to liiftain the Bomb Veffels, and bring off their Men, bccaufe of the Number of fmall Ships and Veffels the French might make ufe of to intercept them) it was a- grecd by a Council of War, as it was by Sir Martin Beckman, Co- lonel $02 NavdlTranfadiom of the Engliih, Book IV. lonel of the Artillery, and Mr. Meefters, the Inventer of the Ma- chine Veflels prepared for this intended Exploit againft 'Dunkirk, that it was impracticable to atterupt any thing at this time on that important Place. But the Plan of Calais' having been fent to the Fleer from Flan- dersy by the King's particular Command, it was the Opinion of a Council of War that Tome Service might be done there, and deter- mined to fail thither with the Bomb- VcfTels ; but before the Weather would let them ftir, the Lord Berkeley received Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty, who thereupon called the Sea- Officers to- gether, and coniiilred with them only, what Attempts might be made, with Proipe t i • i Downs, and Frigatc was Ordered thither with Sir Martin Beckmafi, to bruigthe tie Bomb- VclTels which werc dcfigncd to hoinbard C-ila'is^ who arriving with VelTfolWut them the fixteenth, the Squadron forthwith proceeded off of that had Weather Placc, buc the Weather proved To very bad ieveral Days that Htde preventtd any ggj-vice was done, for both the Ships of War and others were con- {trained to come into the 'Do'ivfis, from whence the Bombs and Machines were fent into the River of Thames. Thus ended our Attempts on the French at Home this Year; and although I will not pretend to make an exadt Computation of the Expence thefc Bombardments put the Nation to, yet I do verily believe it was more than equivalent to the Damage the Enemy lu- ftain'd from them. Chap. XIV. An Account of Admiral RulTel'.? Proceedings with the Fleet in the Mediterranean to the Time of his Return to England. MR. Rtijfsl, as I have faid before, parted with the Lord Berke- ley on the fixth of June 1^94, and on the twenty fifih of that Month he got into the Latitude of thirty nine Degrees, off of AdmiraiK\iU the Rock oi Luboji^ at which time the Mary and Adventure., un- ii\ arrives off ^Qx Command of Captain John Jennings., were lent to Cape niboif""'* "^ ^^- ^^^^"''^^» where, or at ibme Place thereabouts, he was ordered to lend his Boat on Shore for Intelligence whether the Enemy werc, or had been on that Coaft; and if he gained certain Advice of their being there, but that they were not lo placed as to prevent the Ad- 'vcnture's pafling them, he was to fend her to the Bay oi Cadiz^ Rcar-Adini- with a Packet to Rear- Admiral Nevill, (a Duplicate whereof he was rai NeviUr- ^j^^ ordered to difpatch to him by Laud) by which he was required dered to join ii , ^ ^, i ^ ■ ^ '^ "^ i i ^ / htm from Ca- to uil With ail the Ships under his Command, except the Itirky ■diz- Convoy, and join the Fleet ; and for his better Government there- in, the Admiral let him know that he deflgned to come South fif- teen or twenty Leagues from Cape St. Vincent., and (if the Wind continued fair) the lame Diftancc from Cape St. Mary's, and then fifteen Leagues from Cape SparteU. Thele Orders he was diredfed to communicate to Vice- Admiral Callcmberg, who commanded fe- veral 'Dutch Ships, that lo he might accompany him, but not to difcover the Realbn of his Sailing to any but thofe who neceffarily ought to be acquainted with it. The Chap.XIV. from the Year 1688, to 16^1. 50$ The Fleet being got thus far, the Admiral fettled the proper Pla- ces for Rendezvous in cale of Separation in his PafTage up the S^i-cighrs; and the thirtieth oi June the 'Tort/month was diiparched oT of Cape Spurt ell, to call the Mary^ Adventure, and Lark, to the Fleer, and to inform the Spanijh Admiral, if he met with his S.juadron at Sea, of our Approach. Rear- Admiral lYi-i;/'/, and the two ©///^^/j Vice- Admirals, Callem- b?rg and Evert/on, joining the Fleet from Cadiz, with eight Eng- lijh, and as many of the Ships of the States General (which made the whole Number fixty three of the Line) a Council of War was ^ ccundi of called of all the Flag Officers, by whom it was thought moft ad- '^'"' ""''^ "' Sea- Port Towns were unprovided both as to Men and all other war- $chon"n'o r" like Preparations, fo that it was much to be feared if a fmall Num- ~-^'"'' 'heiad berofthe Enemy's Ships fliould appear before y^/^/^^^z, ox A lie ant and '"'"""'P'^""' artempc to cannonade thole Places, they would inftantly be abando'ned. ^i\liVstV^. He alio let him know his Doubts that Catalonia would not be able to ^/M»- refill the Enemy when the Fleet retired, fincc the French Army (as it was reported) confided of near twenty five thouland well dilciplined Men, with all things necefTary, and that the Spaniards did not exceed nine thoufand, and even they without Tents, or o- thcr Materials proper tor an Encampment ; as alio that there was Rcafon to apprehend if the French could make them.felves Mailers of Barcelona^ they would foon attempt the Idand of Minorca which could not well refill two thouland Men forty Hours, under its prcfent ill Circumllances. In fine, it was his Opinion, and a well grounded one too, that unlefs the Vice Roy of Catalonia could make ibrac brisk Effort on the French foon after the Fleets coming there, that Principality would be in greatell Danger, fince he fhould be obliged to return in very little time, the Ships of the States Gene- ral having not Provifions for more than all the next Month. In- deed had the French proceeded with Vigour, that Country would long before have fallen into their Hands ; for there was not an Ar- my capable to refill them, and even moll of thole that were in Arms Iccm'd to be more fit for an Holpital than a Camp; nor was there Money to pay them, notwithllanding the large Contributions of the Cataloniatis, the exacting whereof by the General Officers to the utmoll Extent, render'd thole People fo milerable, that in Ex- pedlation of better Ufage from France^ a little Matter would have inclined them to a Revolt. At this time a noble Lord * propofed the Fleet's wintering in the Mediterranean ; but the Admiral acquainted him he could by no '^^'^'^^""''''^'' means think it advileable, fince there was not any Place fit to re- glmft winter' ceive and protcdi them but Mabon., in the Illand of Minorca^ where '^n m the there was a total Want of Provifions ; nor could any Stores be ^"'"i'"'- timely got thither to refit the Ships againll the Spring. That as for Naples, there was no Defence, and MeJJina was not large enough. Bat there remained yet another material Obje(9;ion, which was this ; that fhould fuch a Strength have been detained Irom England and Holland all the Winter, the French might have made themlclves too ftrong in the Spring for what could polTibly have been fitted out in thele Seas. The firll oi Auguft the Admiral received a Letter from the Mar- qucfs Villena, Vice-Roy of Catalonia, defiring his Opinion in fe- veral Particulars, whereupon a Council of War was called, and each Article being confidered, the following Refolutions were taken thereupon. * Earl of Gallway. T 1 1 X Article 5o8 NavalTnuipttTwmoftheEngMfh, Book IV. Article I. That the better to reinforce the Spanijh Army, ten thoufand, or at leaft eight thoufand Soldiers might be put alhore from the Fleer, to join tholb they had, and fuch aslhould be ordered from the Spajiijh Ships and Gallies. Jlnf-juer. That not any of the Ships of his Majefty of Great- Britain^ or thofe of the States General had Soldiers on board them. Article II. That if the firft Propofal could not be complied with, the Fleet might go in Purfuit of the Enemy, and endeavour to de- ftroy them. Anfwer. That formerly there was nor only Hopes of meeting the French Fleet o^ oi Barcelona, or at Sea, but that they would have given an Opportunity of engaging them, but finding them re- tired to Thoulon, within Fortifications too ftrong to be forced, the going thirher could have no other EfTedt than lofing time ; however, if certain Advice could be had that they were at Sea, or in any Port where they might be attacked with Probability of Succefs, the Fleet would immediately proceed in queft of them. Article III. How long the Fleet could continue in thofe Seas? Anfu'er. That if any Enterprize fhould be undertaken on the Sea-Ccaft with his Forces, in order to the regaining any Places from the French, in which the Fleet might be aflifling, it would be rea- dily embraced, provided it could be done without Delay, for that they had no more Provifions than were ablolutely necefTary for them rhe Vice-Roy jn their Paflage to England. fi^Z}wTto The Vice-Roy replied that the only Enterprize which could be the Refiiits of made on that Coaft was the regaining of ^alamos, wherein the a Council of Sea Fotccs might be very ufeful ; but that, in fuch Cafe, the Spa- nijh Army ought to be reinforced from the Fleet ; and if that could not be done, he propofed that the Naval Force might make fome In- vafion on the Coaft oi France, and what Infantry fhould be want- ed for fuch a Service, he promifed to fiipply from his Army. To Ue Admiral this the Admiral faid, that the Fleet was provided for an En- /"« AManu gagcuicnt at Sea, but not to invade the Enemy on Shore, inlomuch he could give that it was not poffible for him to furnifh any Men to reinforce the him. Spanijh Army ; but that if he thought it convenient to fend a Bo- dy of Soldiers in the Fleet and Gallies to attempt Talamos, (which is between twenty and thirty Leagues to the Eaftward of Barcelo- na) all pofTible AfTiftance fliould be given therein, by arming the Boats and frnall VefTels on any fudden AfTault ; to which his fpeedy Anfwer was defired, for that it was convenient to proceed in Search of the Enemy's Fleet. Tie Spanidi The Vice Roy having confidered this, acquainted the Admiral Forcei not of that the Fotccs of his Catholick Majefly were much inferior to thofe l't7acl'?lu- °^ ^^^ French, and that having not any Profped: of augmenting mos. them, he did not think it advileable to attempt Talamos, or any other Place in which the Fleet could be afliftiug to him ; but defired to know how long he could conveniently ftay on that Coaft. The Admiral informed him, that, upon his firfl Reprefentation of the State of Catalonia^ Care was taken to furnifli the Ships of the States- Chap.XIV. from the Year 1 6^^, to 16^-]. 50^ States-General with fourteen Days Provifions from the Englijf?, that {'0 the Fleet might flay there as long as polTible ; but that fince there was at this time a general want, and that many Inconveni- ences might thereby happen by the letting in of Wcllerly Winds, it was ablblurcly neceflary to retire towards the Streights Mouth in five or fix Days. The Vice-Roy had reprcfenred, indeed, that there wefe Provifions ^^^ via-Rcj for three hundred and fifty thoufand Men for a Day at Carthazena, '"•I'"f'l'"'f 1 ■ 1 • I II ^ r r ■^ t ■ , &'■ ""■i about the Prv- but It plamly appeared he was very much milmrormed m that Par- -vifions made ticular ; for a fingle Ship which demanded at that Port enough on--^"'^ thttUet. Jy for leven Days, could not be furnifhed therewith ; nor was there more than two thoufand Quintals of Bread; no other Provifion ha- ving been made, befides what the Admiral himfelf had given Orders for to the ConlLil, as he pafTed up the Streights. The Vice Roy was under great Apprehenfions, that if the Fleet ^« " '»/«'»" left the Coaft of Catalonia while the Seafon of fair Weather lafted, t'hfnlT^FU^t the French would appear by Sea before Barcelona ; but if they rethei. really had iuch an Intention, it could not have been prevented, fince our Ships were not in a Condition to (lay longer without run- ning the grcatell Ha/.ard ; for Provifions could not be fupplied from Spain^ elpecially in that part thereof, but from Day to Day, which would not only have render'd itimpofiible for them to return to Eng- land^ but to have proceeded on any prefiing Service whatever .But that the French might be as long Strangers to our Fleet's retiring as pof- fible, the Vice- Roy was defircd to keep it fecrer, or at leaft to give it out that we were going Eaflward ; for by this means the Admi- ral was in hopes they would not have had any certain Advice until he got as low as Malaga -^ when the Month o^ September would have been well advanced, and in all Probability produce bad Wea- ther. The Vice-Roy was alio defired not to let it be known that there was not a Number of Ships to be left in the Streights ; bccaule if the Enemy wanted Information in thefe two Points, they could not eafily conclude what Meafures to take, until it might be too late for them to attempt any thing confiderablc. The ninth of Auguji the Admiral wrote to the King of Spain, The Admiral and acquainted his Majefly how much it troubled him that the Fleet ^^J^'^/sVam could do no other Service than the keeping the French from farther and acquaiml Attempts in Catalonia during his remaining on the Coaft ; that he '"'" "f '^' ''" had hopes his Majefty's Troops might have made forae confiderable ^AffmrVinCz- Effbrt, at leaft have endeavoured to regain 'P alamos, and other tdonia, &c. Towns, with the AflTiftance of the Naval Power : And he likewife reprcfenred to his Majefty, that unlefs care was immediately taken to put Catalonia into a better Pofture of Defence, it would be next to an Impoffibility to prefervc it many Weeks under his Subjedlion ; and that the Kingdom oi Valencia, as well as the Sea- Port Towns, were in no better a Condition. That as for the Fleet, fince there was no hopes of bringing the French to a Battel, or forcing them, with any Probability of Succefs, at Thoulon, nor of employing it fo as to do any confiderable Service, he defigned to return therewith to England, but that he could not leave Barcelona without ioform- 1 - iDg 510 NavalTra7ifa£tmis of the Englifh, Book IV. ing his Majclly that the Vice-Roy had not only treated him with all imaginable Civility, but zcaloufly promoted all things that were rcprefented to be neceffary. The fifteenth of y^ugujt two Third Rate Ships, and one of the Sixth Rate were ordered to CadiZy there to refit and vi(5tual, and then to convoy the Trade to England; and now the Fleet being ready to leave Barcelona, a Council of War was called to confidcr in what manner the fame might be done, fo as to keep it mod ^w»/e- private. It was agreed that when they failed an Appearance ihould mtnt joT the be made the firft Day as if they were going Eaftward, but that in French vjhcn^ ^.j^^ Night an Opportunity fliould be taken of getting out to Sea, \ddou-n. il'e and proceeding Weftward ; and the Places necefTary for Rendezvous streights. were fettled in caie of Separation. Contents of a Before the Admiral failed, he wrote to theDey oi j^lgier, letting Letter from him know that the King his Mafter had lent his Fleet into the the^ Admiral Stfejghts to put a ftop to the Proceedings of France againft Spahiy wew/o/aT- and that, notwithftanding their Infmuations that England could not gier. fpare Ships for thofe Parts, they thought it convenient to retire from him, and fecure themfelves at Tboulon. Fie alfo acquainted that Government that the Summer was too far fpent to admit of his coming to their Port, as he had defigned, and that therefore he took the prefent Occafion to allure them of the great Efteem the King his Matter had of their Frieudfhip and Amity. This Letter was fent to j^lgier, and recommended to Conful Ba- ker^ who was then upon coming from thence, after he had refided there many Years in that Capacity, and that by his difcreet and zealous Negotiations, and the particular Friendfhip the Dcy had for him, he had contributed very much to the fettling a good and firm Underftanding between hisMajefty and that Government. The Admiral, Whcn the Fleet was got down the Streights as far as Malaga, the ■when of of Admiral (contrary to his Expectations) received Orders from his \onnlly r/^' Majcfty, uudcr his Royal Signet and Sign-Manual, dated Augufi the £xi>ef}aiicn, fcvcnth, requiring him to continue in thofe Seas, and to winter at ""u^L°r tr C^z^/^;, for the more effedual preventing the Defigns of the French Cadiz. in Catalonia. Thus a full ftop was put to all thoie Methods which had been determined for proceeding with the Fleet to England, and Refoivedto a Couucil of War being called, it was refolved forthwith to repair ^hiTis'kw- "P ^^^ Mediterranean again, as high as Alicant, that lb the Ships cant. of the States-General might take in the Provifions laid to be there ready for them; and feveral Viduallers being arrived from England^ Orders were difpatched to Cadiz for their going within the "Fu/ital, for the Admiral had already taken care to procure as much as might be neceffary until his Return thither, which he intended not before fome time in October, unlels he had certain Information that the French had difarmed their Ships. ne wrttei to Fie acquainted the Vice-Roy o( Catalonia that he had Commands '^^cTionia ^° remain in the Mediterranean, and defired to hear from him at ata onia. ^n^.^^^^ ^^^ particularly whether he had any Account of the French j or that the Fleet might be of Service to that Principality. He alio defired Mr. Stanhope , our Envoy at Madrid, to procure Orders from Chap.XIV. from the Tear 1 6HS, to i6^-j. 511 from that Court that the Tiintal might be made clear for the Ships -againfl their Arrival at Cadiz, ^ for the more convenient refitting them; and writ very prcllingly to the Lords of the Admiralty for ff'-'>«"'Eng- ■^ timely Supply of Men and Provifions, and that one of the Com- w^°/l,,„ tnifTioncrs for Vidualling might be lent out to take care of that Af- and Provifi'-" fair, fincc it had already given him more trouble than he was any '"'^• ■^longer able to undergo : And it may be truly faid that fuch care objirvations "was taken by him therein, that never were Men furnilhcd with bet- '^'■""*' ^"^'«- -ter Proviflons and Wine, and even that with fo good Husbandry to t2!'i^iJ^l! 'the Publick, that the Crown w as not put to more Charge, alrho' tenanean. ^he Fleet was great, and confcquently required very confiderable 'Quantities, than for fuigle Ships formerly: Nay in many Circum- ftanccs the Men were vicfluallcd confidcrably cheaper ; nor did he 'boggle at the engaging his own perfonal Eftare to give this to ne- cefTary Credit to his Country. The Fleer being at Jlicant, the Admiral fcnt from thence two The Admiral light Frigates to Majorca, and diredtcd the chief Commander of /'"''' '" '^*- 'them to'apply himlclf not only to the Vice-Roy, but the Conful n^w/"^ alio for News ; but more particularly for the latter to inform him- 'felf from all the Saetias^ and other imall Vcflcls lately arrived there, whether they Iiad irict with any Account of the Enemy. At this time Rear- Admiral Nevil was alio fent from the Fleet with ten ^'"Q^'^^""- 'Ships Southward of the Ifland oiFornmitera, with Orders to cruife 'wuh^TlquI- ^berwcen thofe Parts and the Barbary Shore, for intercepting the dron of of Enemy's Ships, and protecting ours, which were ordered to cut ^^0™="^"^. ^ood for the ufe of the Fleet, and then to return Northward to y^- 'licavt, between the Iflands and Cape iV/^'n dangtr- obligcd him to go on Ihore, and my Iclf at that time falling under 7heVuttcoL~ the lame Diftcrapcr, attended him : But that the Fleet might not lie mitted by him idle in his Ablcnce, he oave Orders to Vice- Admiral ./^y/^wr to take "^•"-f''""' 1 - 1 /^ ? 1 ,- 1 1 1 . 1 --.I . '■"' Aylmer. Ijpnn limi the Command thcreot, and to proceed and jom the Ships \vith Rear- Admiral Nevil as loon as polfibly he could. It was par- inftruaions to ricularly recommended to him to endeavour to gain Intelligence of ^'""^'''""■''' rhe Proceedings of the French^ and to prevent their getting out of ^ "^"' the Mediterranean, in order whcrcunto he was to place himfelf in fuch Stations, and to employ the Ships of the Fleet in fuch manner, as lliould from time to time be judged mofl: advifcable by a Council of War ;' and upon meeting the Enemy's Fleet, or any part thereof, he was direcfted to ufe his bcfl; Endeavours to come up with and de- ftroy them, and to chalc rhcmwith the whole Fleet, or fuch a Num- ber o' Ships as fliould be thought moft proper, without having any regard to his being on lliorc, or expecting farther Orders from him for his Proceedings. It was alio recommended to him to take care upon his difcovering any French Squadron (landing Wellward, and endeavouring to pals the Strcights, that luch a Number of Ships as might at lead be equal to their Force were lent after them as far as they Ihould go, Or until fuch time as they could come up with and attack 5 1 2 NavalTranfaciions of the Englifli, Book I V. j attack them, and to proceed hirafelf with the Remainder to Cadiz^ where he was to remain for farther Order. But if he did not (e{ the French in fix Days after his being at Sea, or gain Information] that they were come from Tboiilon, he was to repair with the wholel Fleet to Al'icant\ for by that time the Admiral had hopes he mighcj be in a Condition to return on board. j Purfuanc to thele Orders Mi.j^ylmcr put to Sea with the Fleer,' but meeting with nothing remarkable, returned the tenth of Sep. Mr. Aylitier tcmbcr\ howcver the Admiral being not then recovered of hisSick- orAertd to j^„| j^^ ^^^^j }^j,^^ Orders to call a Council of War, and maturely to conjider of je- % ,. i <- i i-. • t r 1 1 • \ r ■ % verai I'arncu- coufidcr ot thc Icvcral Particulars roliowing, that lo no tniie might Ian at a [jg \q^ whcu hc bimlclf could be able to return, and take upon him Council of y f^ \ n-ar. the Command, 1. Whether it was neceflary for the Fleet to continue within the Streights ? 2. Whether it might be convenient, when they rcrurn'd to Cadizy to leave fome Ships either within or without the Streights, for in- tercepting any of the Enemy's Ships that might attempt to proceed into the Northern Seas : And if fb, what Number of each Rate, and on what Station they might moft properly lie to cffcCt the iamc ? 3. And fince it was reported that the French kept their Ships at Thoulon in a conftaut Readinels to proceed to Sea, by which it was reafonable to believe ihey intended to proceed either with the whole, or part of them to Brejt^ as foon as an Opportunity fliould offer for their paffing the Streights, he was therefore to confider what Ships in the Fleet were in the beft Condition, and moft proper to follow them, that lo the latter part of his Majefty's Orders might be complied with, in cafe they fliould make fuch an Attempt ? This was the care the Admiral rook, notwithflandiug his Indifpo- fition had brought him very low ; for the French kept thcmlelves in a couftant Readinels at Thoulon, both as to Provifions and Men, advantages io that if thcy had cndcavour'd to pais the Streights, and our Fleet the Enemy j^^j {j^gj^ ^^ ^\^q (^^,^-,2 fi^-,^. ^t Cad'iz, they might have had many fn.g the Advantages of us; for, in the firfl Place, mod or all of their Ships sirenhts,ar:d were kcpt clcan, whereas ours were foul, and confequently little Be- °t"i'o/L'%"fow °^^^ could have attended their chafing them. Next, there was an them. Impofilbility of doing it, for we had Provifions but from Hand to Mouth, much lefs for a Squadron for a Voyage to England: Be- fides, whatever the French might attempt, upon the Icore of their being fb well appointed, yet confidcring the ill Circurafiances of moft of our Ships, the Hazard would not have been inconfiderable, in fending them home at a Scafon of the Year wherein they mufl have been cxpofcd to the worft of Weather, efpecially the nearer they drew towards our Chanel ; nor indeed were they fufliciently jnann'd for fuch a Voyage. The Admiral received Intelligence from the Vice- Roy oi Catalo- nia of the French Fleet's being at Sea, and the Conlial oi Majorca acquainted him that hc had met with the like Information ; bur he had other Advices, more to be depended upon, that they were har- boured Chap.XIV. from the Tear 1 6"^^, to 169^. 513 bourcd at Thoulon. However, that he might not want a conffant Methodi ta- and true Account of their Motion, he dcfired the faid Conful to hire ]Zm^Z"'"^ Ibmc proper VcfTcl, and to fend her from time to time to Thou/on, " ' '*'"'^*' loadcn with Goods chat might moR conveniently, and with Icaft Suipi- cion, be vended there, under the care of ibmcrrufty and diicreet Perfon, who might inform himleifi and give frequent Accounts of the Cir- cumftances of the Enemy's Fleet. And Icll they ihould attempt to pals thro' the Streights along the Barbary Shore, a Frigate was fenc to Oran^ whole Commander was dircdted to inform himfelf whe- ther they had been feen off'of that Coaft, and then to join the Fleer, another being ient on the like Errand along the laid Coafl: as low as Tetuan. The Court o{ Spain was now informed that his Majcfty had or- dered the Fleet to remain in the Mediterranean^ and thereupon a Memorial was fcnt to the Admiral, by order ot hi^ C::dioiick Majefty, from Don Alonfo Carnero, Secretary of the Univcrfal Dilpatch, pro- pofingT among other things, that the Fleet might winter at Port ^''-Spaniards Mahon. The Admiral returned him for Anfwer, " That he was FtoL 7/11 \-tT- in 11 jireiihts. to the Station oft of Cape Spartell when the Wmd ihould come up Eafterly : And feveral Ships were fome Days after lent to cruife off of the laid Cape, and along the Barbary Shore, Cape St. Vincent^ and the Rock oi Lisbon, with ftridl Orders that upon gaining any Intelligence of the French Fleet, they Ihould repair to Cadiz, Bay with an Account thereof. At this time there was but little Profped of Service; nor indeed was the Fleet in any extraordinary Condition for it, \\\z Engiijh A great want a^jj 'Dutch Wanting very near three thouland Men of their allow'd 'LTAdmnti Number ; for which reafon the Admiral writ to England very pref- vjrites home fuigly for 3 timcly Supply, and withal defired that two thouland for a Supply, welldilcipHned Soldiers might be fent out to him: And being in- fatdTa'Jd"' formed by the Spani^ Secretary of State that the People of Cata- soUiers. loHia wcrc freed from their Apprehenfions of the French for that %°aToffhe Scafon, but that it was much feared they would attack the Fleet in Spaniards, the Bay of Cadiz, he, to divert him from that melancholy and that the groundlefs Apprehenfion, afTured him, " That as he would never L7jfportwg Savona, and that care iliould be taken for Embarcations for thole A-^ '/"»<- defigned from Naples : But as for thoie five thouiand his Majefty {^f ^^'" recommended it to him to caulc them to be tranfported to Barce- lona on board fome of the Ships of the Fleet. The Admiral had fome Dilcourle with the Governor oi Cadiz on The jidmhai this Subjcdt, who thereupon fecmed to be thoroughly convinced '^j^""'^^" ^"^ that thcfe Troops could not be conveniently received on board the Engltjh Ships of War ; but he was of opinion that Genoa would not be the moft proper Place to hire Tranlports for them ; whereupon the Admiral offered to aflift in providing VcfTcls at Ca- diz, and promifed he would have a Convoy ready for them, altho' even that would greatly obftrudt his Mcaiurcs. He alio afiiired rhem that he would write to England for the addinj]; two thoufand Land Soldiers to the Number already promifed ; and that his Ca- tholick Majefty might have a true Account of what pad'cd in rela- tion to this Matter, he lent it to him through the Hands of his Se- cretary of State. The latter end of T>ecember fcvcral Ships arrived from England, and brought the Admiral a Commiirion by which he was appointed Admiral, Chief Commander, and Captain-General of their Majcfty's Navy, and Ships employed, and to he employed in the Narrow U u u 2 Seas-, 5i6 NavalTranf^ncliojisofthcEngVifh, Book IV. someofficen Scus, aud ill thc Mediterranean \ with which Convoy came feme and ^""'^'^^ Officers and Artificers, as well as Stores, for refitting the Fleet ; not dii. but that the Work was in a great meaiure already performed. Captain Killi- The TlimoJitb, Falmouth, Carlijle, Neiz-cafik^ Adventure., and grew fent «/> Southampton, were fent from the Fleet, under Command of Cnptain 'tltl'Tiizht Jawes KiUigrevj, who was directed to proceed as high as AL'tcant ^uairon. in fcatch of ibme French Ships laid to have been feen off of that Hiiinfiruai- Coaft ; but if he got notany Intelligence ofthem, to cruile fix Days off ''"^' of the South End of Sardinia, unlefs himfelf and the Captains with him fliould think it proper to run off of Cape Corjica. When the fix Days were expired he was to fail to Cape Tajfaro the South- Eaft Point of Sicily^ and about that Ifland , or between that and Maltay to cruifc until the twelfth o^ February, for protcding thc Trade, and annoying the French. When he had fo done, he was to call in at Mejfina, and if he found the Turky Convoy there, to accompany them to Cadiz, but if they were not arrived, to leave a Letter with the Couful for the Commander in Chief of the faid Convoy, whereby he was diredred (if Captain Killigrew Ihould be come away) to remain at MeJJina for the Security of the Ships, and to give early Advice to the Admiral of hi. Arrival, unlefs he iliould be thoroughly fatisfied that the French had not any Force to intercept him in his Paffage to Cadiz; and Captain KiUigrerjn was farther direded, if he came down the Streights without the faid Convoy, to call at Leghorn and Barcelona, and to briug from thence what Advice he could get of the Proceedings of the Enemy. In This Squadron the Executiou of thcfc Orders he met with two French Ships of meets with War betwccu CapcBona, upon theCoaft of Barbary, and the Ifland sTL^J? w^'-. °^ 'Bantalarea^ with which he himielf firft engaged, and in a lit- and takes ' tIc time his Foremofl: was fhot away by the Content, of feventy them. Guns, nor was it long e'er he was unfortunately killed. The Fal- mouth and Adventure fell to work with the other , called the Tri- dent, offixty Guns; but Captain Morris, o{x\\zCarlijle, the ftern- mofl: of our Ships, fetch'd jufl: to Leeward of the Falmouthy and to Windward of the Tlimouth, who having fired at iheTridenf, flood after the Content with all the Sail he could make, and took her after a Chafe of fifty Leagues, her Main-maft, Mizen, and Mi- zentop maft being Ihot by the Board, and the other Ships took the Trident ; ib that this Adtion preventing their proceeding farther on the Service whereon they were appointed, they brought their Prizes to the Fleet. The Diiatort- The Admiral finding that little or no Preparations were made for nefsofthe equipping thofe few Ships the King oi Spain had, he thought it fi^tthg'thei" neceffary to rcprefent the lame to that Court ; as alfb, that if they ships. could not get their Tranfports ready fo timely as that the Convoy he defigned to fend with them might return by the latter end of Fe- bruary, it would not be lafc for him to comply with what he had promifcd as to that Particular, in regard thc Enemy would, iii all Probability, have part of their Fleet at Sea, even near the Place where the Forces were to be tranfported, whereby the Ships of War, as well as thc laid Forces, might be expofed to thc greateft Hazard. The Chap. XIV. f}w// tbeTcar i6SS, to 169-]. 517 The fifth oi February a Supply of Provifions arrived from Eng- a supply of hud, and very ibalonably too; for there was not only a great Want ^rives'^'frcnT' thereof in the Fleer, but liich Vidtuals as was proper could not be England. had uirhouc great Difficulties in Spain. The Governor ofC^!^/2; at length informed the Admiral that theTranP j-;,^ ^, , port Ships he had been ib long providing there were ready to proceed to of Cnciiz Final for the Soldiers ; but to that he was anfwered, that the time ^"^^\ ^"^^' propofcd for rhe Convoy's going with them was elapfed, and fince it '"oy'^it/,""' was not known what Korwardncis the French were in at T/jou/on, Tranfpons, and that the whole Fleet would probably be ready to (ail in fourteen "^^^ "'"''^'j'^ 11 1 /-lH'-l-l -> f'^*' would Days, he thought it proper to confider well of it before he expoied /d;/ in /oHr- \o many of the King his Malkr's Ships on this Service. stenDays,icc. The third of March the Governor writ him another Letter, ear- neflly defiring him to fend away the Convoy ; but the Admiral let him know, that fince they were of Neceffity to pafs by the French The Hazard a Ports, it might be of worfc Conl'cqucnce to Catalonia, ihould the feparatesqua- Convoy with the Forces be intercepted in their Paffage from Final '^'''"y-""'^'^^^ to Barcelona, than the detaining the Ships fome few Days longer at ' Cadiz could poffibly be, in order to their going under the Prore- dtion of the whole Fleer ; and that he was the rarhcr inclined to have a more than ordinary Regard to their Safety, fince it was hinted at, both in the French, and Spanijh Prints, that he had proraifcd to detach a Convoy from the Fleet. It was reafonable to think that if the French did intend to pafs the Strcights with the whole, or part of their Naval Force, they would be now drawing down, and therefore the Admiral detached ^"l"^^^"'' a ftrong Squadron off of Cape Spartell, under Command of Rear- tacLdwuhti Admiral Nevil, to intercept them, ihould they make fuch an At- ftrongs^ua- tempt ; but he was neverthcleis at Liberty, as Winds and Weather f^^Vr^enclf*'^ might happen, to anchor in Tangier Bay, or to ftation himfelf Eaft- going through ward of the Strcights Mouth, and if he received not Orders to the con- '^' stragha. trary in twelve Days, he was to return to the Fleet in the Bay of Cadiz. Soon after this the whole Fleet was ready to fail, (laying only for the greated: Part of the Vi(ituallcrs, which were not yet arrived from Ejigland: But as for the Spanijh Armada, they were lb far from TheiiiCondi- being in a Condition for the Sea that not one of the Ships was ca- span'i(h'Ar- rcened, fo that but little Service could be expected from them : How- mada. ever, the Admiral acquainrcd the Spanijh Secretary that he had ^^L'^'^l'''"^ Hopes their Gallics would be ready at Barcelona, becaufe if any qmLs nHy thing could be done againfi: the Enemy by landing Men, they would *^ "ady. be of great Ufc, as they might likewifc be if he met the French Fleer, who doubtlcls would have theirs in Company with them. The embarking the Soldiers at Final did greatly trouble the Spa- The Governor nijh Court, inibmuch that on the eighth of y^pril the Governor of "{^^*''^^^^.^ Cadiz prclTcd very carncftly that a Convoy might be forthwith fent the finding a with the Tranlport Ships, to prevent Defcrtion, and the ill Confc- convoy for qucnces which might attend their not being landed before the French ' ' ,^p"" opened the Campaign in Catalonia. The Admiral acquainted him TheAdmiraXt that he was not without Thoughts of all the laconvenieuces which ^^f'^'^- might 5 1 8 ~NavalTranfa3io7is of the Eoglilli, Book IV. might attend a Difappointment of this Nature, and that it did not a little trouble him they would not follow his Advice in providing Tranfports for the Forces at the Ports in Italy ; for that very much time had been loft by taking up at Cadiz Rich Ships for this Service as were by Agreement to be firft freighted at that Port : However he afTured him that as foou as the Weather was fair he would pro- ceed with the whole up the Streights, although he was iu great Want of Provifions, but more efpecially Bread. ■Br]iadie<-Ge- Not many Days alter the Land-Forccs under Command of Briga- nerai St"a-t jj^j Gcncral Stc-di'art arrived, being his own Regiment, and thofc tZ Land- of the Marquefs Tnizar^Colond Brudciiell, and Colonel Coote, in all, Torui from about fout thouiaud five hundred Men, Officers included; and with Ens All • jj^g fame Convoy came the remaining Victuallers, and twelve Bomb- Thc Flat fails VcfTels, lo that it was not many Days before the Fleet failed ; but /ro« cadii. g,^^ j.j^^ Admiral left Cadiz, he dcfired the Protedion and Favour of the Governor towards the King his Matter's Subjedts trading thi- ther ; and although I do in Ibme Mcalure know the Reafon of this Requcft, yet I ihall not fay more of it here, than that there was Occafion to put him in mind of doing fo good an Office. Cruifen fent Thc Flcct being uow at Sea, Cruilers were fent on fcveral Stations out, and the f-Qj. Intelligence, with Directions that it they met with any News givln'them. fi"on^ foreign Ships or Veffels, they fliould detain the chief Officer until fuch time as it could appear whether the fame were true or falfe ; for it had often been found that feveral of them were not o- vermuch fmcere, particularly the Genoefe^ who in that, as well as many other Particulars, did not fo behave themielves as might have been reafbnably expected. The Turky The fifth of May Orders were fent to the Commander of the Tur- Convp or- f^y Convoy at MeJJina to remain there in a conftant pofture of ail-1 minn at Mef- iug> Until an additional Strength could be fent to him ; and the Fleet fina. arriving at ALicant., but little Stay was made there, for they came ^ome^s"oQir- ^° Barcelona the eighteenth. Before they anchored iu the Bay the celona. Admiral fent ro the Marquefs Gaftanaga^ and defired to know from him what Intelligence he had of the Enemy's Proceedings, that fo he might the better govern himielf in appointing a Convoy for the Tranlport Ships ; but to this he received not a very fatisfadory Anfwer. Invitation to During thc Fleet's being at Barcelona, the Admiral was well afTu- (T"!.^""' rs^ ^^^^ feveral Subjeds of England, who had been compelled to j^eFrcnc'h fcrvc thc French King in Catalonia, were defirous to return to their ^rwy to come own Country, and therefore he iflued out Icvcral Declarations, pro- roifing not only them, but thofe of other Nations, who would quit the /^rf«fi6 /Service, and repair to the Conlul at Barcelotia, that they Ihould. be either entertain'd among our Land-Forces, in the ma- rine Regiments, or in the Fleet, and that whenever any of them defircd to return home, they Ihould have a PafTport fo to do. Be- fides which, each Man, upon his appearing on board the Admiral's own Ship, was promifed Clothes; and a Piftole in Money, and this Project had, in a great Mcafure, its dcfired Effcdt. s The t» to Hi. \ Chap.XIV. from the Tear i6SS, to 169-]. 519 The twentieth of Alay in the Morning the Admiral failed, and the '^'" ^'"f /a /* next Day diredcd Rear- Admiral Ncvil that when he made a Sig- nCanl'^^'^' nal, by an Englljh Enfign at his Forc-topmaft-hcad, and fired a Gun, R-mr- Admi- hc (liould make the bcft of his Way to Final with five Third Rates, ;;'pS'£ one Sixth, two Firelliip?, a Brigantinc, and an Advice-Boat of the the Tranf- Englifl), and three Ships of War of the States-General, of feventy f"^"- two GuDS each. He was dircdled to take with him the Tranfporc Ship';, and to make all poffible Difpatch in getting the Soldiers on board, and then to repair to the Rendezvous off of the \i\eoi Hy- eres^ but it he found not the Fleet there, to come to Barcelona; and a Frigate was lent off of the Cape of Tboulon for Intelligence of the Enemy's Proceedings. By Rear- Admiral Ncvil the Admiral fent a Letter to the Earl of t^« Admiral Gallway, by which he defired his Lordfliip to let him know whe- Hrft/'st' ther there was a Probability of doing any Service with the Fleet at voy the at- the French Ports, and particularly if with our Troops, and fuch 'S!"l"'"S Strength as the Duke of Savoy could add to him, they, and the a^iit ildr Fleet together, might not attempt even Tho//lou itfelf with Hopes ""'^ "^r f^r- of Succels. This Letter was communicated to his Royal Fiighnefs ^-^ ^^ . and the Marquefs Legaitez,^ whereupon a Council being called, it Hi^hne/VsOe- was determined that not any thing could be done therein, for that ttrminntion they thought it rcafonable to adhere to their former Refblutions to '""'^"f°"- attack Ca/ali of which Place they foon after made themfelves Ma- fters. The firftof 7««^ Sir T>avid Mitchell, then Rear- Admiral of the i'^^^'l'^r , 11 i/-r,-«/r/^-/; 1 lAi-i Mitchell /^?jf Red, was ordered to proceed oii of marje/lles, when the Admiral with a squa- fhould make the appointed Signal for his fo doing, and to take ^'^^ off of with him one Third Rate, Six Fourths, two Fifths, two Firefhips, ' "^' "" and two Brigantines of the Eiiglijh, and three 'Dutch Ships com- manded by Vice- Admiral Evert feu. It was recommended to him carefully to obfcrve the Fortifications laid to be ereded there, and to report his Opinion whether there might be any Probability of doing Service with the Bomb- Veffels: And Brigadier-General Ste-s;- art, \\'\t\\ the Colonels of the Land-Forces, were appointed to ac- company the Rear- Admiral, as alio Sir Martin Beckman, an Engi- neer, who had the Command of thole Veffels: But the next Day a violent Storm arofe, which drove theFleet fiftyLeagues to the South- a violent ward, under their main Courfes only, which made the Ships com- storm dnves plain much of Leakinels, and the Rear-Admiral was thereby prevent- ff^y I'elgues ed in putting his Inftrudions in Execution. iouthmard. Orders were fent the feventh of June to the Turky Convoy to The Tutky repair to Cagliari, in the Ifland of Sardinia, there to be joined by J/"7r'/c " ferae more Ships for the greater Security of that Trade, for which ij.ui. ° purpole the Kewcaftle and Adventure were fent thither : And now r^" Tranf- the Tranfport Ships being come to the Fleer, they were dilpatched ^andaTtTmts with a Convoy to Barcelona^ and a fmall Frigate was fent to Thou- Barcelona. Ion to get an Account of the Enemy's Ships in that Harbour. ^'"„'^fm7''L Soon after the Greyhound was dilpatched with Advice to the Con- rn"-Roy of de de Attamia, Vice-Roy of Sardinia, that theFleet would fud- Sardinia, r/..rfr denly touch there to take in Water ; but the Admiral let him know '//^e'lZn'l'J * It Zl'attr. 520 NavalTranfaEllons of the Englifli, Book IV. it was of great Confequencc to keep it a Secret, unti) Inch time as he returned again to t\\Q French Coaft, and therefore dcfired that a ftridt Embargo might not only be laid, but continued on all the Em- barcations in every Part of the Ifland, untill he Ihould be got to Sea again, that fo the Enemy might not have an Opportunity of flipping away Weftward ; but yet that this Embargo might be laid in luch manner as that it might give the leafl Ground of Sufpicion he was coming thither. The Fleet being fupplied with Water, and the Tjirky Ships not yet arrived, the Admiral judged it not convenient to ftay longer for them, but left the Greyhound with an Order for the Commander of the Convoy, direding him to proceed immediately to Majorca^ and if he met not with Intelligence of the Enemy or Orders to the con- trary there, to repair to, and remain at Carthagena. But before the Fleet got clear of Cagliari this Convoy appeared, and inftcad of their rendezvoufing at Majorca,y if fcparated before they came The Tutky to Carthagena, Alfaques, on the Coaft of Catalonia, was now ap- convo'j or- pointed, and there they were to remain until Tome farther Provi- frues'L^Ca- ^'°" could be made for conducting them fafely down the Streights. tabn?a!'' The nineteenth of July the Fleet arrived off of Barcelona, when Theiieetar- jj^g Admiral acquainted the Vice-Roy with his Defign of going to cdona! " Thoulon, but that if he found there could not be any thing done there, or at Marfeilles, or that the Duke of Savoy propofed not a- ny Service, now Cafal was taken, he would return to the faid Port The vice-Roy of Barcelona. Soon after this he received a Letter from the Vice- f/ocee/!7 " Roy, defiring that the whole, or Part of the Fleet might go off of Blanes. Blanes ; whereupon (although a Council of War had before thought it moft proper to proceed to the Coaft of Trovence) the Admiral prepared to repair forthwith to that Place, but e'er he failed he or- rhe Turky dcred the Turky Convoy to Cadiz, and from thence to England, ^"TfVca- ^"^^^^ ^°°^^ Ships appointed to ftrengthen them thither. li-l. That the Lords of the Admiralty might be particularly informed A Survey ta- of the State of thcShips of the Fleet, with refped to their Hulls, ^c. ^c"nLtn of he caufed a ftridt Survey to be taken of them, and thereupon repre- the Fleet, and fentcd that thc greateft Part of the Firft, Second, and Third Rates, theAdmiraUy ^g^g jjj ^^^^ ^ Condition as to require their going to England the VhTrewitl. firft Seafon of fair Weather; but that thc Sovereign, St. Andreiz', 'Duke, St. Michael, Sand-wich, Suffolk, Grafton, Edgar, IVar- fpight, and fome other Ships, ought even at that very time to be fent home, for that lliould they be continued at Cadiz, another Winter, it was his Opinion they would hardly be able to fvvim ; for which Reafon he affured them that he would rather take his Fortune with a fmall Strength, than hazard the Nations lofing lb many Ships ; and without them there would remain with him but forty four Eng- lijh and Dutch from the Fourth Rate upwards. .„ He diredcd Brigadier- General Stuart to acquaint the General of cener^ai ac- the Spantjh Forccs that the Troops could not longer be on Shore quainied how than fix or feven Days, that ib the Vice-Roy might confider how long our For- ^^ could be ttioft fcrviccable to him in that time for the regainine CSS could COK- J^ ni i -ti tmut onshore, of "Palamos : And that no Mifunderuanding might arilc about this Matter II Chap.XIV. from thcTear i6S8, to 16^1. 521 Matter, he defircd that what palled between them might be in Writing. The Admiral was the more incUncd to remain fbmc httle time iheReafins longer at Barcelona, bccaufe he was not in a Condition to deal with "^ ,'** -^/•''"'- the Enemy, now he had fcnt To many Ships home under Command L% jf'Bar- oi Sir John Ainu den, Ihould they, upon his Approach, come out of felona. Tboulon with their whole Strength, at lead not until! the Thatch Ships expedted from Cadiz-, which were Part of their Qiiota, had join'd him. Nor did he labour under fmall Difficulties from the va- rious Importunities of the Spaniards, and the little Regard they had ^ reafor.ahu to the doing even what might have been of Service to themielvcs, ^°"'i^V"\ or in the enabling him to contribute towards it; inlbmuch that he Mmirli! If thought himfelf obliged to reprefent the whole Matter to the Court '^« ^'"'i« ^f- oi Spain, and to let them know how little they had complied with {'^'^a/I'^^". their Promife to him when at Cadiz, in afTifting him with their ards. Ships of War, and Gallies, accortiingto the Treaty ; and wichall he told them that he thought the King his Maftcr had been very ill ufcd, and the Affairs committed to his Truft and Charge very much obftru6tcd by their dilatory Proceedings. In fine, that he having promifed the Vice-PvOy of Catalonia all the Affiftance he could be able to give him on any ludden Enterprize, if no Inch thing could be undertaken, .he Ihould be nccefiitated to lay hold of proper Mea- fures for his Matter's Intereft, and to leave the Management of Matters in Spain to their own Condudt. The Admiral alfb acquainted the Vice- Roy that he could nor, with Prudence, admit of our Troops marching far into the Country, fince their Return might be very uncertain, and that the Fleet would for Want of them be cxpofcd to Hazard fliould the French appear ; but that if any Place could be attempted without the Formality of a long Siege he would to his utmoft allift in it. Hereupon the Vice- Roy determined to march towards 'P alamos. The i-kc- Roy defigning to be fb near that Place on the feventh of this Month, a9 'l^'^'H'I'l " that when the Englijh and T)utcb Forces were on Shore, an Hour's vjarA^ Pah- March might enable them to join him ; and by their Affiftance he "'°'- was in Hopes to oblige the Forces in that Place to a Ipeedy Surren- der. The Admiral communicated this to Brigadier-General Stuart, and it being agreed in what manner the Forces Ihould land. Care was taken to furnifli them with Provifions, and all Things ncceffa- ry ; and as a confiderable Number of Marine Soldiers were incorpora- ted with them, fo was it determined between the Vice-Roy and the Brigadier- General that the Forces Ihould be put on Shore the ninth in the Morning, and that he fliould follow the Orders of the faid Vice- Roy, or any other fuperior Officer, according to the Dilcipline of War. All the Long-Boats in the Fleet were got ready, with a Lieute- nant, and two Gunners Mates to each, to attend Sir Martin Beck- man, upon the firfl: Signal that ihould be made for bombarding 'P^- lamos; aad the Admiral did not only recommend it to the Vice- ni! agreed u Roy to give the Brigadier-General the Poft due to him on all Occa- ;«' the land- fious, but defued alfo that the Soldiers might be in Readincfs to ''l^'///j°"^ X X X embark the Fleet. 52 2 NavalTr^anfaB'wm of the Englifh, Book IV. embark upon a Signal of the Enemy's approaching with a Naval Force. The Admiral receiving from the Brigidicr-Gcneral frequent Ac- Thc.iJmlr.if! counts of his Movcments, he let the Vice King know his Opinion, '^l!t"'chnl?"- that fince the Enemy appeared in Battalia, it was to prevent his liimos. " laying Siege to the Town, and that therefore if his Troops, with the Reinforcement from the Fleet, were not fufficient both to attack the Place, and face the Enemy, there was but linall Hopes of car- rying it, inlbmuch that it was molt advilcable for the Spanijh For- ces to march off to their former Poll:?, while he with the Bomb- Vci- fels endeavoured to lay tlie Town in Alhes. 'An Account Although the Bufinclsof the two Armies doth not fo properly rc- of the Pro- late to the Deflgn in hand, yet po/Tibly it may be expected that I lliould ctedmgioi our^ fomc fartlicr Account of that Matter; and therefore plealc to FTCfj in con- o ' j ». w junclion with takc it aS follows, VIZ. //?<; Spaniards. Qy^ Friday the ninth oi /lugujl there were landed near four thou- fand Men, EngUJh and 'Dutch, the firft: commanded by Brigadier- General Stuart, the latter by Count Najfatt, and marching by nine in the Morning they encamped at Nighc half Way between the Landing-Place and 'Palamos. At this time there was no other Ac- count of the Enemy, than that they were at a Place called Lo BiJ- bal, about three Leagues offi but the next Morning, when our Men, who had the Van of the Army, marched into a Defile, they appeared in great Numbers, efpecially Horfe; notwithftanding which our Peo- ple marching on poirclTed the Ground defigncd for them near the Town, and then the whole encamped, as well as any Body of Men could that had not any one Thing neceflary for it. Next Morning the Enemy appeared in Battalia upon the Hills, about a League off^ and (as the Deferters faid) were refolved to come to a Battel, lo that all this Day, and the next Night too, the Army lay under their Arms our Men being not only without Tents, but even the very Bread which the Spaniards had promifcd ro pro- vide for them: Nay lb little Care had they taken of this, or indeed of any Thing to fccurc themlelves, that had not our People carried on Shore fome Pickaxes, Spades, and other Conveniencies, not any Intrenchments could have been made. Early the next Day the French appeared drawn up within half an Hour's March, but^aftcr advancing about two hundred Yards they wheeled olT; and this gave our Men the firfl: Opportunity of Reft fince their landing. The Admiral now ordered the Town and Caftle to be bombarded, ThtTown and v^\i\z\\ was donc fo cff'cd:ually, notwithftanding the Sea ran high, '^"^'r^ lar] ^^^^ ^^^ P^'^'" ^"'■^ of one and the other was beaten down, and the tj_ ' Remainder was on fire in Icvcral Places. Thus ended the Attempt on 'Pa/amos; for the VclTcl lent to the Coaft of Trovence return'd to the Fleet next Day, and brought two of the Inhabitants of Thou- Ion, who pofitivcly affirmed that the French had fixty Ships of War there, ready in all relpeds to put to Sea ; whereupon the Admiral fent to the Marquels Gajlanaga, and dcfircd the Troops might be returned, the better to enable him ro go in Search of the Enemy, advjfing Chap.XIV. fromtheTear 1688, to 1^97. 523 advifing him not onlj'' to march away at the fame time with the Spanljh Army, but rcprcfcnting how improbable it was for him to take T alamos^ fince our Forces and theirs thus joined were but e- jhi Admtrai qual to the Enemy, and barely io too. The Vice-Roy was of the 'i<^-''/'" the Admiral's Opinion, but all or moft of his General Officers were for Jj/",'"',^-'"'' fetting down before the Town; and luch was their Uucafiners, that k/z/j im For- Ibme of them could not refrain letting Words fall to the Prince of ''"• He£e, who commanded the Emperor's Forces, which bclpoke in them no ill liking to the Intcreft of the French : However, within two Days their Army decamped, and marched to St. Feliu, from whence they defigned for OJlalric ; and our Troops with thole of the States General, returned on board the Fleet, very little obliged «« according- by the SpamJJj Officers; for during the whole time they were on '^ "'"""• Shore, hardly one of them had an Invitation to partake offo much as an ordinary Rcpafl:. The Forces were no fooner embarked than the Fleet proceeded to the Coafl: oiTrovence^ where they met with fuch violent Storms, J''\^'"'",' accompanied with Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, as render'd a Con- eT^thTFUe't tinuance there very hazardous, fo that the Admiral judged it advife- A''^ towards able to retire down the Streights, and arriving in Cadiz Bay the lac- prove°c"'! tut cer End of September^ he appointed Sir 'David Mitchell, then Rear- bad weatUr Admiral of the Red, to take upon him the Command of eight Third "^''5" '^^*' Rates, and as many Fourths, befides finall Frigates, Bomb- Veflels, 'jhe'rhet ar- and others of the Englijh, and feven 'Dutch Men of War, from riva at Ca- feventy four to fifty Guns, and to employ all, orpartofthem, in fuch ^j^n ^.j manner as he judged might be moft for the Service, but to put him- Mitchell Uft felf under the Command of Sir George Rookcy when he fhould arrive, '^'"^ " ^?«'»- who was expedted with a Squadron of Ships from England. ^°"_ " ■*" With the reft of the Fleet the Admiral himfelf failed for England, being one Firft Rate, feven Seconds, one Third, three Fourths, one ^*« Admiral Fifth, and three Firefliips, befides the Dutch, and arrived the Be- {j^j^^.^,^"^^ ginning of November. greateft part I cannot but take notice here of the Unkindnefs of the Spa^tiards "f '^' '''««'• at Cadiz; for Rear- Admiral Mitchell applying to the Governor that vnkindnefs of the fick Men might be put on Shore into the Marine Hofpitals, was '^'' Spaniards anfwered that it could not be admitted without an Order from Court, Aie». °" *' in regard they had expended much Money the laft Year upon that Account. A very gratefull Acknowledgment for the Charge the Engli/h Nation, as well as Holland, had been at on their Score ; Not but that (as I am informed) they did, by feveral Subfidies, en- able the Dutch to bear part at leaft of their Expencc, but as for the Engli/h, they had not one Penny more than a certain Quantity of Wine and Provifions, and that of no extraordinary Value, which was equally diftributed among the Ships as loon as they arrived in the Fleet. X X X x Chap. 524. NavalTra7ifat}ions of the Englifli, Book IV. sir George Rooke ar- rives at Ca- diz. 169;. Contents of his ItjfiruHi- ens. A Countil of War agree how to fend up the Turky Convoy. The Fleet very fickly. We had not lorce to oppofe the Enemy. A Council of War agree not to put to Sea, Chap. XV. ^n Account of Str George Rooke'i' proceeding with a Squadron of Ships as jar as the Bay of Cadiz, mid of his Return to England. THE fixteenth of O&ober Sir George Rooke with the Ships from England arrived in the Bay of Cadiz, the Charadler given him by his Commiffion being Admiral of the White, and Ad- miral and Commander in Chief of his Majefty's Ships in the Medi- terranean ; and by his Inftrudions he was required to annoy the Enemy on all Occafions; to prevent their being furniihcd from thefe Seas with Naval Stores and Provifions ; to take under his Command the Ships of War left at Cadiz by Admiral Rujfel ; and if he received certain Advice that the French had pafTed the Streights with the whole, or part of their Fleer, to follow them, or detach after them fuch a Strength as might be proportionable to what they had. The twenty firfl: oi November ht called a Council of War, where were prefent himfelf, Rear-Admiral Mitchell, Rear- Admiral Nevil, and his Firft Captain, Captain Bokenham. They confidered how the Ships bound to Turky might be moft fafely convoy'd thither, and determined that their Guard fhould confift of four Ships of War, two for Smyrna, and two for Scanderoon, and that they iliould be accompanied with a Squadron of four or five more, and two Fire- ihips, as far as Cape Matapan, thclmofl: Southern Promontory of the Morea, or higher, if it ihould be judged rcafonable : That then the Squa- dron fliould return, and in their Way call at Algier, after that crois over to Alicant, and fo along the Coafl of Spain, unlefs they had Advice that the French had a ftronger Force abroad. The Fleet at this time was very fickly, and with great Difficulty the Spaniards were prevailed with to permit one hundred and fifty Men to be lodged in the Holpitals at Cadiz; nor was that granted, but upon Condition that we iliould find Beds, Medicines, and Re- frefliments. Our Force united was not fufficient to oppofe the Enemy, and therefore all that could be done was to proted; the Trade, until fuch time as the additional Strength expedted from England were joined ; and Sir George Rooke being convinced, by all Advices, that the French were making great Difpatch for an early Campaign, he cal- led the Officers together, to confider what might beft be done, who (both Englijh and 'Dutch) agreed, that fince there were but thirty Ships of the Line of Battel (not above half the Number it was be- liev'd the French would come out with) they could not be able to impede their PalTage through the Streights, and that therefore it was not reafonable to put to Sea and lie in their Way, but never- thelcfs to keep out Cruizers for Intelligence. This Chap.XV. from the Tear I S^'^, to 16^1, $25 This Council of War was held the nineteenth of January^ and i69f. freih Intclh'gcnce occafioned another the twenty third following, -''■nother when the Flag- Officers found no rcafon to alter their former Relb- ?,/"""' ^'' lutions : But left the French Fleet iliould appear at Cadiz, before ure zvithm the Reinforcement from England arrived, it was agreed rhac the l'""'^' ca/Zcj Ships Ihould be removed within T^mital Caftlcs, and formed in Zrli^''^ ^* three Lines as follows ; the firfl(to confift of thclargefl£'«^///Z7 Ships) to lie from Tuntal athwart the Chanel, to the Creek's Mouth called Truccadero, next within the North Caftle ; the lecond (to be com- pofcd of the fmallcfl Englijh and "Dutch Ships) along the Shoal on the South fide of the Fiarbour ; and the third (to be of the biggefl: 'Dutch Ships) to begin from the upper end of the fecond Line, and to trench away athwart the Chanel to the Mouth of the upper Creek which goes to Port Real; and the fmall Frigates, Bomb- VefTcls, and Firelhips, were to be polled to the beft Advantage, as the Wind, and other Circumftanccs might permit. This indeed was all which could be done, for the Ships, generally fpcaking, were not above half mann'd, and thofe of the Dutch were \h very foul, that had they met a greater Strength of the Enemy at Sea, they would in all Probability have been a Prey to them. Things being at this pafs, and our Squadron in a manner block- ed up at Cadiz, an Account came from the Vice-Roy oi Andalujia, that he had notice, by an Exprefs from Tortugalj of five French Ships in Lagos Bay, from feventy to eighty Guns, and thereupon Rear-Admiral Rear- Admiral Mitchell, with eight clean Ships, and two Firefliips, Mit^hei fent was fent in queft of them, but contrary Winds loon conftrain'd him ", j^l^^^l ^p to bear up. fome French The Admiral confidering the Weaknefs of the Force with him, ^^'^'• and how ftrong the Enemy intended to come forth, he, about the middle oi February , lent home a Frigate for Infl:ru(51:ions how he ihould proceed : But before he returned to him, he received Orders from his Majefty, dated the twenty feventh of 'January, to repair The AdmWai to England, unlels he had good Intelligence that the French dc- ^'"'^^^ "'- figncd not to fit out their Fleet from Thoulon early in the Spring, for England or that they did not intend to come to Sea with a greater Number conditionally. than he could be able to oppofe with the Strength he had with him, in which cafe he was to remain in the Strcights, and comply with his former In(lrud:ions. Thefc Orders occafioned a Council of War, where it was deter- ^council of mined to repair to England as icon as the Naval Stores could be ta- thermpln^o ken on board: And in cafe xhe Fretich fhould pals the Streights be- come home, fore that could be elTedted, it was agreed to follow them immediately, ^"' *" P"'""^ and to leave a proper Convoy to bring home the Storefliips, though, ,„^ to Port to amufe the Enemy, it was pretended that the Fleet, and the great- Mahon. eft part of the Stores, were to be removed to Port Mahon ; but it was impoffible to keep his real Intentions long private; for there were Icvcral Letters which gave an Account that the Ships defigned from England were ftopp'd, and that it was expcdtcd our Fleet would be called home : Nor was it indeed adviilable to continue longer in thofe Parts, for if the intended Reinforcement had timely c arrived 526 NavalTranfaclmis of the tnglifh, Book IV. arrived, the Strength would, even then, have been very much infe- rior to that of the Encray. About the middle oi March S)\x George Rooke put to Sea, but when he had beat it to and fro five Days, in very dirty Weather, Tht Fleet for- wherciu fcveral of the Ships Marts were jprung, their Sails blown cid tack to axvay, and the greateft Ships much lliaken, he was couftrain'd to re- ^*'^"^' turn to Cadiz ; and very lucky it was he did fo, for had he kept the Sea, the tempcftuous Weather which foon after happened might have put the Fleet into the grcateft danger. It begun, and conti- nued with fuch Extremity, that divers of the biggeft 'Dutch Ships, Damages fiif and of our £'«^ ///?:? Merchant Ships, were forced from their Anchors jered by the ^^^^ ^^ thc Bay, and leveral were loft upon the Coaft, among which three belonging to the States-General, one of them named thc St. 'Teter, of forty four Guns, between Cadiz and Cape Tra- falgar. The fleet ar- Thc Wcathef was no fooner moderate than he failed again from rives in Liig- Cadiz, and arrived in the Englijh Chanel the twenty fecond oiA- ^^"'^6f6 Z^'^' where I lliall leave him until I have given fome Account of ^ what pafTed at home, and in other Parts abroad, from the time that Sir Clotidejly Shovell had finilhed his Services againft 'Dieppe, Ca- lais, and other of the Enemy's Ports, to this of Sir George Rooke's returning to England, beheving that it would tend more to the Reader's Satisfadion to have the aforegoing Account of Affairs ia the Streights entire, becaule its interfering with other things which happened elfewhere, within that time, might make a Confufion ne- ceffary to be avoided. Chap. XVI. Attempts made by John Lord Berkeley on fever al of the French Kiri^s Ports, THERE being a conflderable Number of Ships got together at Spithead^ John Lord Berkeley was ordered to take the Com- mand of them, and arriving there about the middle oi June, his A cotincii of Lordlhip called a Council of War, where it was agreed to attempt War agree to St. Malo's, if Pilots could bc had to carry the Ships near the ^lince Mi\T ^'' ^°^'^' ^"'^ ^^^ Frigates and Bomb-VefTels within it. But to render this Undertaking the more fuccefsflil, fmall Frigates were wanting to fecure the Bomb-Veffcls, and four or five hundred Soldiers to be put on board them and the Well-Boats ; and if two Machine Vcffels could be had, it was judged they might have been ferviceable a- gainft the ^lince Rock, if there was a Poffibiliry of doing any good with them any where. Although there was no extraordinary Profped of Succefs againft St. Maloy yet that Attempt was firft intended, fince the very Alarm 5 might Chap. XVI. from the Tear 16^6^, to \ 6^^. 527 might oblige the Enemy to make fuch Preparations as would pun them to no (mall Expence and Inconvenience : But yet tlie Flai?- OiTiccrs were ot opinion, that if the French fliould find them im- bayed at St. Mah. with a greater Force, it would infinitely cxpoie our Ships ; and therefore, fince there were not together above fix Eiigiilh Ships of the Line of Battel, they defircd that other of the larger Rates might be forthwith lent to join them. AAm\x2\ A llcmoride loon after acquainted the hoxd Berkeley, that tho' he had Orders to adt under his Command, and to attempt what Places Ihould be judged realbnable by a Council of War, yet the King had given him pofitive Commands to try what might be done ^■^^ Dutch at "jyunkirk firfl. This was communicated to the Lords of the Ad- ffr7J7^7h'e miralty, and by them to the Lords Juftices, in his M^jciky's Ab- King to at- lence, by whole Directions another Council of War was called, to l^'^/'P""' confider whether the feparate Attempts defigned to be made on St. " Malo and Dunkirk, might not be undertaken at the lame time, by T^ke feparaie means of fuch mutual AlTiftance as the Englifl) and T>iitch could Dunk'fi-'J'L give each other: And according to what ihould be determined his Sf. Maio «»- Lordlhip was to adl. It was th£reupon refolvcd to attempt St. Ma- M*^"^- / the Ordcrs there to take on board four hundred Land-Soldiers ; but neither Mr. Meeflers, nor his Pilots were then to be found ; whd coining foon aFtef, a Council of War was held, where he was ^e- ' » lent, Chap.XVL from the Tear i6SS, to 169^, 529 fcnr, and ic was rcfolvcd to attempt 'Dunkirk in the manner follow- ing, vt I. To begin with bombarding the. Ris-Bank and wooden Forts The manner with fix or eight Bomb-VefTels, which were to ceafe firing as fbon ''^''"^ "" '" as the Frigates and Machines came near the Forts. kirk'"^' z. Four Engli/h Frigates were firft to go in with 'Dutch Pilots, and to carry on two Firelhips, with as many Machines, to be laid agiiinil the wooden Forts. Thefe were to be fupported by four Ships of the States-General, of about fifty Guns each, defigu'd to anchor againfl", and batter the faid Forts ; and three Ibaall Dutch Frigates, one ErirllOj Brigantine, with an Advice-Boat, were to go near in with the Firelhips and Machines, in order to take up their Boats when the Men had let thera on fire. 3. At the fame time two Efigli/h Fxigatcs, two Ketches, and two Firefliips were to be fent on the I3ack. of Brake, to difperfe the E- nemy's iinall Craft ; two Machines, with as many Firelhips to burn againft the Ris-Bank, and a Brigantine and four Well-Boats were to bring off their Boats. 4. Two Fircfliips and as many Machines were to be ready for a fecond Artack. upon the VVe(l:em Wooden Fort, (if the firfl; Ihould fail) to be iiipported by znEf^gli/h Frigate, two Men of War Pinks, and a Ketch ; and the reft of the Dutch Frigates were to be placed at an Anchor. Weftward ofthc Brake, ready for any Service. 5. A'l tiic great Ships were to be pofted oiT of Grave lin ; for it wa< the Opirion of the Pilots that not any one which drew above fiitccn or fixtecn Foot Water could go out of the Eaftern Paflage with Safety. And now Mr. Meejlers informing the Council of War that he had every thing ready, it was relblved to fail the next Morning, as they did ; but it blowing frelli , the fraall Craft were difperfed ; however the Squadron continued on the French Coaft, and Orders were fent to thofc which were ablent to repair to the Rendezvous, which was Gravelln 'Pits, Mr. Meejlers being particularly fum- moned thither, who had thought fit to retire to the Downs ; but although he reprelented it to be dangerous on the French Coaft with a N. W. Wind, pofitive Orders being lent to him to join the Squa- dron, hii took Courage, and did the lame the twenty ninth of July^ when the Weather being fair, it was determined to make the Attack the next Day, or as Toon as it might poffibly be done ; fo that on the firft of Augujl, early in the Morning, the Borab-VclTels got un- iht Attach der Sail, and Hood in to bombard the wooden Forts, and the Ris- ^'-^^" "'Dua- Bank. About Nine they were all placed, and began to throw their Bombs very briskly, the Frigates at the lame time going in to pro- tc6t them from the Enemy's fmall Craft, of which they had great Numbers; and many of their half Gallies and Boats coming out of the Pier-heads, lay under the Cannon of the Ris-Bank. About One a Clock the Frigates, Brigantines, Well-Boars, ^c. which were appointed to go in with the Firelhips and Machines to burn upon the Pier heads and RisBank, and to take up their Boats, weighed and went pretty near in, plying to and fro within fliot of the E- Y y y nemy's 530 ^ . - 1 ; — NavalTranfaBions of the Englifh, Book IV. Demy's Forts and Gallies ; and about two a Clock there was lent in tour Sraoak-fhips, that by being burnt againfl: the Fort?, the Peo- Mr.MteRer'i pie might be bhnded who were in them ; but they had no manner smoak ships of Succcis ; for ouc of them ran on ground, and the others were Tlrmdea\f ^^^- o" fi''^ ^°"§ before they came to the Forts : Befides, their Smoak no ufe. was lb inconfiderable, that had they been carried nearer, it could not have much incommoded the Enemy. The Bomb-VefTels fired until it was five a Clock, at which time both they, the Frigates, Brigantines, ^c. were ordered off Seve- ral of the Shells fell into t^t Rts-bauk^ and upon the Pier-heads, and three of the Enemy's half Gallies were lunk ; but they had in all Places made luch Preparations for their Defence, with Boats, Bombs, Chains, Piles, and Pontons with Guns upon them, as rea- der'd this Attempt altogether impradicable. In this manner ended an Expedition which for fbme Years paft had been defigned againfl; this important Port ; and confidcring the ill Succefs, and that the fimple Machines (as Mr. Meefters himfelf acknowledged) would be of little ufe without Smoak-Ships, (as in- deed none of them could have been, either fingle or together) a A Council of Couucil of War relolved to iail to Calais, where it was agreed at a- Z''raUffrCi- "Other Conlliltation, that fince Mr. Meejters had thought fit to re- lais. tire with all his Machines the Night before, not any thing fhould be attempted until he returned puriuant to the Orders which were fent to him, but that when they arrived, all the Boats, and the fmall Frigates, fhould be lent in to fupport them, which Boars were to be commanded by a Captain of each Nation, the Evglijh to go Weftward, and the 'Dutch Eaftward of the Veffels which were to Mr. Meefters ^g burnt, or blown up againfl the Fort : But Mr. Meejters declining fondAmmpi ^bis fccoud Attempt, the whole Affair ended, though it afterwards ■with his Ma- occafioned forae Examinations before the Council, upon Complaints chines, &CC. exhibited againfl him by my Lord Berkekjf and by Mr. Meejlers . againfl: the Condudi of the Sea Officers. Not long after, according to what was agreed at a Council of War, an Attempt was made on Calais in the manner following. The manner oj xhctc was 3 ucw woodcu Fort at the Entrance of the Pier-heads, Calais!"'"'^ whereon were mounted fourteen heavy Cannon, and the Enemy had fevcral other Batteries to the Well, which were great Obftacles to the Undertaking ; wherefore it was refolved to attack, and endea- vour to burn the faid wooden Fort in the Night; for which purpofe Colonel Richards was not only ordered to fill up two Well Boats with the Materials of the Blaze Firefhip, but a formal Attack was defigned with the Boats, at which time Colonel Richards was to begin the Bombardment of the Town. Accidents prevented the putting this in Execution until the fcventecnth in the Morning, when anchoring Eaflward of the Town, the Bombardment began, and with fuch good Succefs, that it was on fire in feveral Places by one a Clock, at which time the Enemy's half Gallies came out, and flood Eaflward under the Shore, thinking thereby to annoy the Line of Bomb-Vcffels; but the fmall Ships of War and Briganrincs (landing in, put them in fo great Confufion, that with much ado • » they Ci-iAP.XVII. from thetear i(^88, to 169-]. 531 they regained the Pier-heads ; and afrer this they gave no other Difturbauce than with their Cannon and jVTortars from their fevcral Works. The Bombardment continued till Five at Night, during which time there were fired from the Englijh VelTels about fix huj^ drcd Shells, and in the whole Action our Lois was very iacon- fiderablc. Chap. XVII. CaptamVs.<:htxi^ \\wiOt fent with a Squad/on of Ships ^ and Land- Forces^ to the Weft- Indies, w'llh an Account of his Proceedings. IT new follows that I relate what pafs'd in the IV eft Indies un* der Com.mand of Captain Robert JVilrnot , who was appointed Commander in Chief of a Squadron of Ships, compoled of one Third Rate, three Fourths, one Fifth, and two Firelhips, and re- ceived Orders the fourteenth oi January to proceed from 'Pimiovth i<59fi lowzrds America with twelve VefTels appointed to tranfport Soldiers, Scores, and Provifions, where he was to take under hii Command two Fourth Rates, and a Fifth. It was thought neccfi!ary to keep the Service private on which he ihe renerat was defigncd, even to himfelf, until liich time as he got out to Sea, ^'"(^j"^'">"! and therefore the general Inftrudions by which he was to be go- Th/iquldron- verned in the Weft-lndies^ were iealcd up, with pofitive Orders to Mw/c5e/». him not to open them before he came into the Latitude of forty Degrees, and then to do it in the Prefcnce of the Commauder in , Chief of the Land- Forces. By the laid Inftru<5tions he was directed. Cements of 1. To fail to Jamaica. the [aid gene, z. To confider with the Governor of that Ifland, at a Council o^H^!"^''"^^'' War, w^hat might be done againft the Enemy ; and if he fliould think fit, he was ordered to proceed to 'Petit Gtiavas^ (a Town and Harbour in that part oi Hijpaniola poncfTed by the French) accord- ing to fuch Informations as could be gained of the Poflure of the Enemy, and to take with him lb many of the Land Soldiers, and of the Militia oi Jainaica, as the Governor Ihould appoint. 3. To order ibme of his Squadron to cruife o^ oi "Petit Guavas^ and by all other ways to intercept Supplies going to the French from Europe^ or any of the Windward Iflands. 4. Upon landing the Troops at 'Petit Guavas, or on any other part of the Coafl: o( Hifpauiola in Poffefllon of the French, (if ic ihould be thought proper to do the fame at a Council of War) he was to ufe his utmofl: Endeavours to reduce the Fort?, ^c. and to dcftroy the Sugar-works, Engines, and Plantations* V y y 3. i. if 532 NavalTrar?faBw?isofthcEng\i{h, Book IV. 5. If Tetif Gnavas could be taken by onr Force?, he was to dif- pole Matters io^ as that PofTcHion thereof mij^hr be kept. 6. To give notice to the Commander in Chief ot the Ifland of Hifpnniola, or the City of St. 'Dotningo , of his Arrival near that Coaft, and to defirc his AfTi fiance by Shipping, and rhe Conjun(5lion of the Forces, or Tslihtia there, for dcftroying the Enemy on that and the adjacent Iflands ; to which End the iaid Governor had re- ceived Iufl:ru6tions from the King of Spain his Mafter. 7. But if by the Readinels of the Preparations at Hifpdniola^ or Advices from the Governor oi Jamaica, it ihould be judged adviic- able at a Council of War to attacl<. the French before his going to Jamaica, he was to do the lame. 8. If he gain'd Intelligence at his coming to Jamaica, or before his Arrival there, that the French \\ ere pclTefTed of that Ifland, he was to endeavour to recover it, either by a Diverfion, or otherwife, as a Council of War fliould judge moft proper. 9. To hold Councils of War as often as there ihould be occafion, to confift of the Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica, himlelf, the reft of the Sea-Captains, and of the Colonel, Major, and Captains of the Regiment, when thole Perfons ihould be on the Place, the Go- vernor being to prefide, if prefent, otherwile bimfelf; and in his Abfence, and that of the Lieutenant-Governor of Jamaica, the Co- lonel, or Commander in Chief of the Regiment. 10. If the Councils of War were held at Jamaica, there were to be added thereunto the chief Officers of the Militia, not exceeding fix ; yet in no other cafe than when the Matters to be debated Ihould relate to the Defence of the Ifland : But the Governor was not to meddle with the Difcipline of the Squadron ; nor was the Corama- dorc to fend any of the Ships to cruiic remote from the Ifland without the Confent of the faid Governor and Council, if it might be conveniently had. 11. The Spoil his Majefty gave between himlelf," the Officers, Seamen, Soldiers, and Militia, except Guns, Ammunition, and Na- val Stores, according to the Diftribution which will be hereafter ex- prefTcd. II. After he had done his utmoft to annoy the Enemy, and for the Security of the Ifland, and remained thereabouts not longer than two or three Months, unlefs a Council of War judged it ab- folutcly neccfl~ary for ibme elpecial Service, he was to return to England, and to leave five Fourth Rates and one of the Sixth for the Guard of Jamaica : But in his Pafl!age (if the Sealbn of the Year Ihould not be too far advanced) he was to call at the French Settlements in Newfoundland, and endeavour to deftroy their, and proted our, Filhery; after which he was to do the like to their Vef- fels on the Bank. Laftly ; And fince the Succefs of this Expedition depended very much upon the good Agreement between him and the Coiumander in Chief of the Land-Force^ (which was, indeed, not only in this Call, but many others, found a very difficult thing) he was enjoined to take care to prevent any unncccfl^ary Scruples or Difficulties on that Ac- count, i The Ckap.XVII. from the Tear 1 6SS, to i6^q. 533 The Dijlrihtition of the Prizes and Booty that fhould be taken tn the Weft-Indies. I. Ali Prizes taken at Sea were to be diftributed according to an A<5t of Parliament in that behalf": And of ali the Booty at Land, a third part was to be fct afidc for the Lieutenant-Governor o^ Ja- maica, when Commander in Chief on any Expedition, or to the Commander in Chief for the time being; ; the other two Thirds to be diflributcd among the Officers and Soldiers, as will be hereafter more particularly expreflcd. z. His Majofty's part of all Pri:^e3 at Sea was to be divided among the Seamen only, and the Booty at Land among the Land men. 3. But when Laud- men happened to be commanded on board up- on any Expedition, or if in their PafTage to the IVeJi-Indics the Tranfport Ships fliould be engaged, and a Prize taken, liich Land- men were to be confidcred as Seamen, and their Officers on board to receive a Share according to their Pay ; and in like manner the Seamen, and their Officers when on Shore, were to receive a Di- vidend according to their Pay. 4. That of ali Booty taken in Service on fliore, wherein the Commander in Chief of the Squadron for the time being ffiould af. jfift with four hundred Seamen, or more, the faid Commander in Chief was to have the Share allotted to a Colonel, and the Officers ap- pointed by him to command thofe Men to be confidered as Land- Officers. f.rNo Officer of the Miliria was to be confidered as a Colonel, who commanded leis than five hundred Men ; nor as a Captain, if he had lels in his Coi. pauy than fifty, unlefs fuch Regiment, or Company, Ihould, after their proceeding on the Expedition, happen to be reduced by Sickncis, or Accidents of War, Two Thirds of the Booty taken at Land was to be thus divided. To Field and Staff Officers. Shares. Colonel, as Colonel, ■ i8 Lieutenant Colonel, as Lieutenant-Colonel, — ■ lo-i- M.ijor, as Major, ' 74 Captain, • • • — lo Adjutant, « — , 6 Cliirurgeon, 6 Chirurgeon's Mates, — 2, 4 fliares each, 8 Quartcr-Mafter, — 6 Total 7^ One 534 1 NavalTranfa8to7is of the Eiiglifh, Book IV. One Company. Captain, ■ Two Lieutenants, each 6 Shares, — Enfign, Six Serjeants, ■ Six Corporals, Two Drummers, Share - iz - 9 3 20O Two hundred private Men, • Five Companies more, confifting of the hke-) ^^ r Number, i The CommilTary of Stores and Provifions, PayO mafler of the Forces, CommifTary of theVii Mufters, and Judge- Advocate. — j Total 1599 To the Officers of the Ordnance. EnfigQ • Mafter Gunner — Gunner's Mate, — Twelve Gunners, each three Shares, — Firemafter • — Six Bombardiers, each 3 4 Shares, Mafter Carpenter Three Mates, each 3 { Shares, Chirurgeoii, — 74 44 3<5 74 XI 4 6 II 6 116 1599 Total 1 71 5" Two Thirds of the King's Part of the Prizes at Sea were to be di- vided after this manner, viz. To the Captain, Lieutenant, Mafter, Boatfwain, Gunner, Purler, Carpenter, Mafter 's Mate, Chirurgeon, Chaplain, Midfhipraen, Carpenter's Mates, Boatfwain's Mates, Gunners Mates, 3 Eighths' \ I Eighth >i Eighth To be divided equaHji amoDgft them. 1 Li Eighth To Chap.XVII. from the Tear i(^88, to i<^97. 535 f I Eighth To be divided equal- ly amongft them. .X Eighths To the Corporals, Yeomen of the Sheets, Coxwain, Quarter Matters, Dodor's Mates, Chirurgeons Mates, Yeomen of the Po\vder-l Room, Trumpeter, Quarter- Gunner, Carpenters Crew, Steward, Cook, Armourer, Steward's Mate, Guulmith, Swabber, Ordinary Trumpeter, Barber, Able Seamen, Laftly, luch Officers, Soldiers, and Seamen as fhould happen to receive Wounds in any Adtion where Booty or a Prize Ihould be taken, were to have a double Share, in Confideration of the laid Wounds. Purfuant to thefe Inftrudtions Captain Wilmot failed from Tl'i- ca^tmnWxV moitth, and arriving in the Old Road zn St. Chrijlophcr's, one of ^^"°^{,'^|'' the Leeward Iflands, departed from thence the twenty eighth of nouth. and March for the Ifland oi Savona, which lies at the Eattermoft End "^^^"^^H^ oi Hifpaniola, intending if the Governor of St. T)omingo was ready ' '^1694/' to march to Port de Taix^ to (ail on the Weft Side of the Ifland, and afl^aulr it by Sea, which he could not have done had he gone down to St. 'Domingo, or on the South Side, becaufc ic would have been a great Hindrance to the Tranfport Ships, which lailod very ill, and could not lb well keep a Wind. The French at this time had nineteen Privateers out of Gnada- \^^^l^]^^\ Itipe and Martinica, and three Ships of War, one of forty four Guns, ]>r,vateeri another of forty, and the third a Imall Dutch Ship taken at Cama- from Guada- ret Bay, which Privateers were chiefly fupported by liich Merchant ["nfca."''^"^ Ships and Vcflels of ours as they frequently took, loadcn with Pro- vifions for the Iflands : Bcfides, the French General had notice of our coming, and daily expe(5bcd the Squadron at H't/paniola, where they had mufter'd up all their Strength together, and this notwith- ftandiiig the great Care which was taken at home for keeping the Expedition private. When the Squadron arrived at Savonay the Commadore met with ^'^/J^"^,f '" a Letter from the Governor of St. 'DomingOy by which he afllired 5/. Domingo, him that if he would come there he ihould be aflUftcd in attempting the Enemy on thatCoaft; whereupon he failed with three Ships of War, 36 NavalTranfa8io7u of the Englifh, Book IV. War, and two Firelliips, having fent the Tranfports with the Re- mainder of the Squadron to the Gulph of Samaua^ on the North Side of the Ifland. When he landed he defired the Afliflancc of the Prcfident of St. T>omingOy and dehvercd to him the King of Spain s Letters ; • but although he made at firfl: a Shew of Rcadincfs to comply therewith, yet he Ibon raHcd infignificant Scruples, by which twelve Days time were loft, and then it was agreed that he iliould forthwith march with feventeen hundred of his Men, and one hundred and fifty .£/;^- • lijh, to Machancel Bay, on the North Side of the Iflaud, where the Squadron was to meet him, Th arrtveat Accordingly the Commadorc procccdcd to CapQ Francis, which cJpl F-ran- was the Very Windermoft Settlement the French had, and when he cis, and are j^^j ^ ^j^ Shorc the rcft of the Englijh Forces within three Leagues fr'ofn7hT of the Cape, he moved forward until he came within Gun-lhot of French Fort, the Fort, from whence the Freficb fired very warmly at our Ships, and in Ibme Mcafiire dilablcd one of them, called the S'ujan. ^ ry .■ . It was concluded that as fbon as the Soldiers could march to one hoHt attacking End of the Town, the Ships Ihould batter the tort, whereon were theTuwnand j^Qunted forty Guns, and that the Seamen fliould afTault the Back of ^"^^' if, the Ground there being higher than the Fort itfelf; in order v.'hcreunto a convenient Place was fought for to land at, but they were repulfed: However, the next Evening they went with a grea- ter Strength, and the Enemy imagining that we then intended to The French lao'^, they blcw up the Fort, and burnt the Town, laying Trains of deftroy them Powdcr to the Houfcs whcrc any Plunder was, which had like to both. j^^yg fjQjje itiuch Miichief to our Men. nefoiuthn of Ncxt Day the Commadore fedt to the Spanijh General to know tnarching to when hc could be ready to go to Port de 'Paix, upon whole An- ^"'^ x'eclnd ^^^'^'' ^^ was agreed at a Conlultation, that Major LiUingjlon fliould march thither with three hundred Englijh, in Company of the Spa- nijh Forces, it being (as they laid) about fourteen Leagues off; but what was thus determined being not put in Execution, and the Men being unruly, they draggled up and down the Country for Plunder, by which Means feveral of them were loft. The Comma- The Commadorc not hearing from the Forces fince they moved dore lands fj-Qn; Cape Francis, he called a Council of War, and propoicd to filinlthe ^^"d four hundred Seamen, to lee if they could join them, for he Troop, and had Rcafon to doubt they were in Danger. Accordingly iuch a thnjM into Number of Men were landed about five Miles Eaftward of Port ^e an AmbuJ- •111 1 ■ r cadt. Faix, though they received iomc Oppontion, yet they burnt and deftroyed the Enemy's Plantations to the Fort it felf, to which the French retired ; but not hearing any thing of the Laud- Forces, they came on board the Ships at Night. Soon after this Captain IVilmot had notice that feveral of the Soldiers had flraggled near Port de 'Paix, whereupon he landed the Some Cannon jji^g Numbcr of Seamen again, in order to join them, and the next Vut onlhote, Day put On Shorc the Cannon and Mortars, but there was not {o hut a sriat much Dilpatch made in mounting them as might have been ex- Delay in peeled. mounting i them. IC Chap.XVIII. from thcTear 1688, to i^^?. $37 Ic was now reiolved chat the Squadron (hould fail to the Weftvvard of Port de Taix, where there was a commodious Hill to annoy the Enemy, much nearer than the firft intended Battery, and there ten Pieces of Cannon were mounted, which fo much galled them, that ^^« »»''"«'•'* in few Days part of the inward Fort was beaten down, and many deWix bat- People who retired thither were killed. tered down. I'hc third oi July, between the Hours of Twelve and One, the The French French fallicd our with about three hundred Whites, and two hun- /"% »"'. *«' dred Blacks, well armed, but the Commadore having notice thereof "'^^ i6o'-" by a Negro, detached one hundred and fifty Men to receive them, being in a Rcadinefs with the reft, both Seamen and Soldiers, to join them upon Occafion, by which means many were killed, elpecially their commanding Officers, and feveral taken Prifoners; and after this Defeat our forces immediately took Poffeffion of the Yon, The Fort t a- wherein they found eighty Cannon mounted, with good Store of *<»• Powder and Shot. The Colonel of the Land-Forces was foon after defired to lend his fick jVicn to Ja-naica, and to keep thofe who were in Health to affin in the intetided Ser\ ice at Leogane and T'etit Guavas; but neither he, nor the Span'ijh General thought it advifeable confider- ing the Weaknefs of the Troops; fo that the Fort was demolilhed, -j-he won de- and the Guns and Scores carried off^ which done, the Commadore moUjhed, and failed co Jamaica, wliere having reficted the Ships, and put all things '/-fj//!"^"'* into the bcft Ord r he could, he took his Departure for England thence to Ja- the third "of September, leavmg behind him the Referve, Hamp- maica, and fhire. Ruby, and Sijjan, the laft to bring Home fome Merchant ^^ '" ^"S'and. Ships when loaden, and the three firft (being Fourth Rates) to guard Jamaica unti'l farther Order ; but iiich Difficulties they met with in their Paffjge, not only by bad Weather, but t»he violent, and un- common Diilemper which feized the Men, that it was almoft next to a Miracle the Ships got Home, Captain /Fi/;»o/^, the Commadore, with a great Number of the Officers dying, and one of the Fourth Rates, for Want of Men to trim her Sails, running on Ground, was loft on the Sholes of Cape Florida. Chap. XVIII. An Account of the fpeed'^ getting together a Squadron of Ships, when the French deftgned to make a Defcent from Dunkirk : With Sir George Rooke'j Proceedings in the Chanel and Soundings. TH E Expeditions at Sea, both at home and abroad, the laft Year, ending as hath been before related, and no more Ships being kept out than what were ablblutely necefTary for guarding the Coaft and to convoy the Trade, the reft were ordered to the le- Z z z vcral 558 NavalTranfaEltons of the Englifh, Book IV. veral Ports, that fo they might be timely firtcd for the next Year's Service : But his Majefty receiving Advice that the French intended to take this Opportunity of embarking an Army from Calais^ T)un- kirkf and the Ports thereabouts, and thcrewirh to make aDelcent on England^ fignificd his Pleal'urc by Admiral Riijfdl to the Lords of the Admiralty the twenty firll of February, that all the Ships in i^9f- (jje Rivers oi Thames and Medway^ as well as thofe at the Nore^ Spitheady Tlimonthj and ell'ewherc, which could be got ready, fhould be ordered to repair immediately to the T)ovjns\ and for the greater Expedition, Orders were given to thoie at Tortjmouth and 'Plimouth to take the Men out of Merchant Ships, and to bring as many more as they conveniently could to other Ships in Want. The Civil Magiftrates of Kent^ and about Tortfmouthy were alio or- dered to iecure all draggling Seamen, and to fend them to the Na- val CommifTioners refiding neareft to the Place where they fhould meet with them; and the Commander in Chief in the River Med- way was likewife directed to haftcn all the Ships from thence and iht More to the "Downs, as the Mafter- Attendant on Float was all Ships of War, Firefliips, and other Veflcls, fitting out in the Ri- ver, All the Boats belonging to the Ships at the Nore and Black- ftakes were ordered to imprels Watermen, Bargemen, Lightermen, and others working on the River Medway: Befides which, general Orders were ilTued to imprefs all without DidincStion, except fuch as were employ'd on neceffary Services of the Navy, Ordnance, or Vidlualling; and there being an Embargo laid on all Merchant Ships, it was ordered that a third Part of the Men belonging to thofe which were outward bound fliould be taken from them, for the more fpeedy putting the Fleet into a Condition to prevent the Enemy's jWr.Ruffel.fcy Dcfign. Mr. Rupll himfelf (after he had afilfted as firft Lord of \uui'arolderi, thc Admiralty in thefe Preparations) repaired, by the King's parti- commanded culat Command, to the T>owiis, to condud: this important Service, '\\n\Tt7o where he arrived the twenty fourth; and though he found no more fcfe'lht Ene- Ships thctc than one Fird, two Thirds, fix Fourths, and two Fifth "fy- Rates, with one Firefhip, a Ketch, and a Brig;intine, yet fuch fpee- dy Orders were ifTued, and fo diligently were they put in Execu- tion, that he was joined within three Days after by Sir Cloudejly Shoveil at the South-Sand-Head with thirteen more, befides eleven Engl'ijh and T)utch from Sp'ithead, and the next Day his Number was increafed by ten Ships from 'Plimouth, at which time he was (landing Eaflward along the French Coafl. The firfl of March there failed from the Downs to join him ten more, great and fmall ; and although there were not in the Downs on the twenty fourth o^ February above eleven Ships, and that all the reft in Pay were in Places diftant one from the other, and moft of them but very poorly manned, yet by the twenty eighth of that The great Month the Admiral had with him off of C/r^^r//;/, oneFirft, twelve Sj/'Ilf Thirds, twenty four Fourths, and three Fifth Rates, befides Fire- were in very fhtps of the EngUJh ; together with twelve Ships of War of the few Dais got q^Hfch, and two of their Firefhips, and in few Days after they "'^" ""■ were Chap. XVIII from the Tear 1688, to 169-]. 539 were augmented to near fburlcore Sail, reckoning into the Number Imall Sixth Rates, Brigantines, <^c. with which there were the ic- vcral Flag-Officcrs following, viz. the Admiral hirafelf, the Lord Berkeley Admiral of the Blue, Sir Cloiidejly Shovell Vice-Admiral of the Red, Ivlr. Aylmer Vice-Admirjl of the Blue, and two 'Dutch Rcar-Admirals. The Admiral cam: to an Anchor off of Gravelin the twenty eighth oi February with Part of the Fleet, and the Lord Berkeley lay between him and Dunkirk. As he failed clofc in with Calais he perceived that Harbour 'io MtnyTranf- much crouded with all Sorts of Embarcations, that they were judged ^.j-^jxi^/'"^ not to be lefs than between three and four hundred, all which had their Sails to the Yards. In Flemijh Road there were about (even- ^^^ ^^^^ teen Ships of War, great and Imall, with which they would proba- ships ofivar bly in few Days have come over with the Tranfports ; for, as Ibme '''"y ^"^^ •" Prifoners related, they were of Opinion that /Ince our great Ships were gone in to refit, and thofe from the Streights not arrived, we had not an}' Force at Sea ; and it is reaibnable to believe they de- figned to ftrengthen this Convoy by other Ships from Brejt^ and the Ports of Weft France. Thirteen of thefe feventecn Ships re- tired as dole into the Pier of Dunkirk as pofllbly they could, which, according to the beft Judgment that could be made of them, were four of about feveuty Guns, three between fifty and fixty, and the reft final! Frigates. Sir Cloudcjly Sbovell with feveral Captains was fent to look on impramcaiu them, but found there could not be any thing attempted with Fiopcs '"^^"^"'PE^ '''« of Succefs; and the Dutch Pilots lent by Mr. Meeftcrs being exa- juriJ mined, they declared that when the Tides were mended, if the Wind was from the S. to the W. S. W. and a frelh Gale, they would ven- ture to carry flich of our Ships as drew not more Water than fifteen or fixteen Dutch Feet through Flemijh Road, and out of the Eaft Chanel by NeiJJport, provided they did not anchor : But if any Ac- cidents happened, by the Ship's Mafts coming by the Board, or o- ther Interruption, they were apprchcnfivc they might be expofcd to imminent Danger. Thole Pilots who came from Ne-^fcrrt owned thcmfi:lves igno- rant of the Sands or Chancls about Dunkirk^ {o that it was con- cluded not fafc to make any Attempt, and therefore the Admiral re- folvcd to come with the Fleet to Dover Road, or the Doivns, but firft to leave a proper Squadron to attend the Motion of the Enemy's ^ Squadron Ships, and Cruilcrs in other convenient Stations, which Squadron DuniurkCifA was put under the Command of Sir Cloudejly Sbovell. sir cioudeiiy The twenty third of March three Bomb-Veffels join'd Sir Clou- Shovdi. dejly Shovell, who then called a Council of War, at which were prefcnt the Captains of all the Ships as alio Colonel Richards, and Captain Benbc-jy^ who agreed that it was not advilcable to bombard Calais with the Imall Number of Mortars they had, but rather to They /laid fir ftay until they could be augmented, and that more favourable Wea- ^^t^wf a-" ther ofR;red for fuch an Undertaking. lais. The twenty eighth a S'vuediflj VcfTel came into the Downs which "L 2.T. 1. had $40 JSlavdlTraiifacYtons of the Englifh, Book IV. ■the Mafltr of had becii the Day before at Calais, the Mafter whereof laid that a- "'^/wfJ bour five Weeks before, when he was offof that Port, in his Way cLn/of,he to Nantes^ he went on Shore to get fome Water, and being there intended Dt- feizcd, his Ship was carried in, as he beheved, for traniportiug Part ^""'' of their Forces to England. He added that Km^ James had been at Calais., but went from thence loon after Admiral Rujfel came be- fore that Place; that in the Parts thereabouts they had near twelve thoufar.d Soldiers, and about three hundred VefTels for Tranlporta- tion, which were difperled before his coming away, fo that there was no more left in Calais than the ordinary Garriion, and that one hundred and fifty of the fmall Veflels were alfo gone to the leveral Places whereunto they belonged, none of the Mafters thereof^ nor of other 'Danes and Siz;edcs taken up for this Service, having had any Recompcnce for their Trouble and Lois of Time. Admiral h\':t- The thirty firfl: of this Month of March Admiral Allemonde came ""TaI' r I '"'•^ ^^'^ T)o-u;ns from Holland with fix Ships of the Line of Battel, Ships co'me in- aud two Firclliips, as did next Morniug feveral of ours from Sfit- M;Ae Downs, head, and the Day following Sir Cloudejly Shovell xtztxsz^Yy'wtdd- ons from the Lords of the Admiralty to return with all the Bomb- Vefiels to the Coafl: oi France, in order to attempt the burning of Calais, with the Tranfporc Ships aud Veflels there, being empower- ed to take with him luch of the finall Frigates in the 'Downs as he 5Jr Cioudefly ihould think neceflary for that Service. He arrived off oi Calais rh°I!!f f/ ^^^ third, and from that Day at Noon until Night , about three Calais, and hundred Bombs, and Carcafl~es were thrown into the Town, where, the Tovjii and among the Erabarcations in the Pier, many were feen to break, om ar e . ^y)^j(-j^ undoubtedly did them confiderable Damage; not that any thing could be diftindtly leen, more than a fmall Veflxl on fire in the Harbour, and the Town flaming in three or four Places, which was foon extinguiflied. In this Adion the Bomb-Vefiels and Brigantines received much In- jury in their Rigging, and all the Mortars but two were dilabled: Several of the Frigates were alfo damaged, and the Wind coming a- bout next Day from S. S. E. to the S. W. with hard Gales, it was thought convenient to return to the 'Downs, from whence Sir Clou- dejly appointed a Squadron to endeavour to keep the French in at Sir cioudeny 'Dunkirk, and received Orders on the eleventh to proceed with the Shoveii or- Fleet to Sfithead, in Company of all the 'Dutch Ships, at which bead "»a"' time there were with him two Firfl: Rates, five Seconds, nine the Fleet. Thitds, clevcn Fourths, one Brigantine, and (even Firefliips, thole hereafter mentioned, which were defigned to join him, being em- ployed on particular Services by the Lords of the Admiralty. Ships nor in the 'Downs when Sir Cloudejly failed fi-om thence. Off of Calais. Rates. Rates. Ships Names. 3 Berwick^ "\ Captain, J ^ejiance, {^ Edgar, 7 Kent, \ 4 Burlington, J Chap.XVIII. from the Tear 1688, to i6^i. 541 Rates. Ships Names 3 Burford, 6 Lark, Firefhip Firebrandy Motiiitaguey ) flffnt' \0« oi'Dunklrk S Royal Oak, {f FoJemaf ''^^''^'^ ^°' 4 Norwich, ^on^toT ortfmouth to ( Gone to the Nore to Severn^ < bring vidtuaHing Ships (^ to the 'Downs. 6 Greyhound. ^^'^^'^^ J'""^ ^^''''' •^ Xham to the TJowns. I Britannia., ") St. Andrew, \ 1 Royal Katharine, \ At feveral Places, uu- 3 Content, Mer Orders to proceed Reftauration, \ to the Downs. 4 Litchfield, Portland. Here it may be obferved, that the early fitting out of the Fleet, ^^« sukneft and the Untowardnefs of the Weather, occafioncd great Sickncfs a- "(c^'^^^^*" mong the Men, infomuch that near five hundred were put on ihore tht early fit- at 'Deal, and many who remained on board the Ships were in an ill "h <"*">/ the Condition. A Line of Battel was now formed of all luch Ships as either were a Line of with him, or that might realbnably be expedled upon any prefilng Batui/ormed Occafion, which amounted in the whole to two Firft Rates, five Seconds, twenty two Thirds, and feventeen Fourths of K\\zEngliJh; and of the Dutch four of ninety, or ninety four Guns, feven of feventy, and fix from fixty fix to fixty, befides eight Englijh, and five Dutch Firefliips, with five of our I'mall Frigates, and feven Bri- gantines : Moreover there were two Firft Rates, the Britannia and St. Andrew, and a Second Rate, the St. Michael, which being un- der Orders to proceed to him to the^«' of the Nore, joiu'd him the twenty third oi April. About this time there was Advice from Oftend thatMonfieur Du Du Bartyfr- Bart was fitting out at Dunkirk eight Ships of War and two Fire- ['qua'drlnat fhips. The Reports of his Dcfign were various ; (bme faid, it was Dunkirk. to join the whole Fleet ; others, to proted the Vefi!els bound from St. Malo and Havre de Grace to Dunkirk and Calais ; whereas fbmc thought that he intended to cruife in the North Chanel ; while others had a Jealoufy that he intended to attack his Majefty in his Paflage to Holland, though in my Opinion there was little realbn upinDuBzn'i to apprehend the latter ; for at the beginning of the War he did meeting the not think fit to attempt it, although his Majefty had with him no J^jy/ *" t other Holland. 542 NavalTrdiifa^fwns of the Englilli, Book IV. other than foul Ships of any Strength, whereas T)u Bart had leve- ral juft come our o'i.'Dunku k clean, with which he lay by for Ibme time, not much beyond the Reach of Gun-iliot, without daring to gain himlclf the Reputation of giving our Ships one Broadfide, although he might, at plcaiure, have run round them, without ex- pofiuf; himiblf to any great Danger : But Blows being not his Bufi- nel?, he reiervcd his Squadron for Ibme better Opportunity of Ad- vantage on Merchant Ships, or fuch as could not make any coufi- dcrablc Rcfiflance. fir George Bcforc Sir Clondejly Shove II could proceed to Spit be ad with the Rooke ar- pj^cr, Sir Gcorf!^c Rookc\ Admiral of the White, arrived in ihc'Downs ^ Down" from from the Strctgbts, and took upon him the fole Command ; and the Strtights, after he had difpatched fuch Matters as were necefiary, with relpedt ""^ '"''"I'l'f ^^^^ °"'y ^° "-'^^ Fleet, but thofe Ships he was ordered to detach the Fleet. thercfrom on particular Services, he iailed and arrived at Spithead He ar /MS at ^\^q thirtieth oi ji^ril, having left ibme fmall Ships and the Bomb- '^^'Jeod! VclTels behind, to bring after him near a thouiand Men in fick Quarters at TDeal, 'Dover, Sandwich, Ramfgate, and other Places thereabouts. Orders fent The fccond o^ May he received prefling Orders to proceed in- himtofro- jq ^j^g Soujiduigs , but ihc Shjps which came home with him Soundings, from the Streigl:)ts being not in a Condition for immediate Service, fince, befides other things, they more efpecially wanted Beer and A Council of Stores, he thought it advifeable to call a Coimcil of War, where it '^''r ifwlln ^^^^ determined to fail with the very firft Opportunity, after they the shifs could fhould be lupplied with what was abiblutely necefiary to enable them befurmfind jq kccp at Sca ; But that in the Interim the State and Condition of Th'eywamet'. the Fleet fhould be reprefented to the Lords of the Admiralty, which confifted of fix Firft Rates, eight Seconds, twenty two Thirds, and three Fourths, of the Englijh ; and of the 'Dutch fixteen, whereof there were three of ninety Guns, eight of feventy and fevcnty four, four of fixty and fixty four, and one of fifty, befides the Firefliips, Frigates, and fmall Vefi^els of both Nations, being in the whole of the Line of Battel but fifty five, and the Englijh Ships, from the Firft to the Third Rate, wanted upwards of three thoufand three hundred Men of nineteen thoufand five hundred their allowed Com- plement. The reafon of The rcafon of the Fleet's being reduced to fo fmall a Number, was the vieefshe- j^e othct Scrvices hereafter mentioned, on which many of the Ships trtz reduced to ^ t i i • ^ *• a fmaller ^^ "On"''^ W^rC CUiploycd, VtZ. Number than- defigned. ^^^^ gj^ips Namcs. 3 Refolutiotiy "J Monmouthy Dunkirk^ Contenty Defiance, 4 Severncy Firefhips, Two, Cruifing in the Sound' >ings to protee French French Ships of War, being in all forty Sail, thirty four of them ship. from fiity to eighty Guns, as nigh as he could judge, and that they were then fleering away N. N. E. with the Wind W. N. W. four of them Flag-Ships, viz. the Vice and Rear- Admirals of the White, and Vice andRear- Admirals of the Blue. AgreMwant The Admiral was in great want of cruifing Frigates for Intelli- of cruifingfri- gcncc, iufomuch that the French Scouts and Privateers made their ^""' Obfervations without Interruption ; and by reafon of fraall Gales Southerly, our Fleet was kept on the Coalt of England until the twelfth. The Lime The Night before the Lime came in, which Ship t!ic Admiral had brtngi an Ac- j^f^ jq cruifc about thc Strcights, her Capcain having received Ad- FrTnchiL/i vice the fecond of ^J'ril from the Eng/ijh Conlul at Ma/aga, that coming thro' the FrcHch Flcct wcte feen off of Almeria Bay the twenty eighth the Streights. ^^ ^j^^ preceding Month ; and thc nuirh of Afril he was farther informed that they were plying Wcftward off of Cape de Gates, and that eight of their beft Sailers were got as low as Motrtl Three Days after, by the help of a ftrong Levant.^ he got through the Streights, when lying off of Cape Spartcll to oblcrve their Motion, about Three in the Afternoon he made four of them coming down the Barbary Shore, which giving him chafe, they forced him the next Day into the Bay oi Cadiz, where he had Advice the fixreenth, by an Exprefs from Gibraltar, that the Enemy were at an Anchor off of that Place. The twenty firft he plied up to his Station off of Cape SparteU, and faw near fifty Sail coming down under the Land before the Wind, but five of them making towards him, he could not difcover the Body of the Fleet again until next Morning about Ten, when they were between the Bay of La'>os and Cape St. Vincent, going away large with a preft Sail, the Wind at E.S. E. ThevUetcom- The fourteenth of il/<«y, in the Morning, our Fleet cime on the ingoffof\5. Coaft oiV/hant, and then a Squadron of Ships, with finall Veffels, were lent under the Command of Captain Bazil Beauntjnt between that and the Main for Intelligence. Without any Refiftancc he ftood in to Camaret and Bertheaume Bays, and faw as much in Broad Sound as it was poffible to do without paffuig their Forts, counting twenty two Sail, feventeen or eighteen of which he judged were Ships of the Line of Battel, and eight or nine of them with three Decks, with four Flags, viz. Admiral, and Vice, Rear- Admiral of White and Blue, and Rear- Admiral of the White, which, according to the Opinion of the Pilots, were all the Ships of Force they had Advice re- there: But by the Captain of a French Man of War, called the French^/f' /^?«^rfl>'ittcb, whereof eighty five were of the Line of Battel, of which forty nine were Englijh, viz. fix Firfl: Rates, eight Seconds, twenty eight Thirds, and leven Fourths. Of the Dutch there were thirty fix, eight of which carried ninety Guns, fourteen between feventy and leventy four, eleven of fixty four, and three of about fifty ; but feveral of their Companies were very fickly, efpecially thofe which came from the Streights, infomuch that there wanted full four thoufand Men in ours ; nor was there any great Prolpedt of their iudden Recovery, fincc the little Villa- ges thereabouts were not capable of receiving many. Aaaa ' Chap. 54^ NavalTranfaBions of the Englifli, Book IV. Chap. XIX. John Lorci Berkeley'^ Proceedings with the Fleet in and about the Chanel, and of fever al Attempts made on the French Coaft^ &c. s/r George ' ■ "'HE twenty feventh of May Sir George Rooke was ordered to Rooke or^sr- J[_ return to his Duty at the Admiralty-Board, and to leave the 'at'lin'^Mnn- Command of the Fleet to the Lord Berkeley^ who was appointed raifj Board, Admiral thereof; but before he came on Ihore, he had Advice from ""d }^n Comminioner St. Loe at Tlmouth that one of our Advice Boats, le°y to ^com- ^^^ Mercury, had counted a little above Camaret Bay fevenry Sail mand the of FrcHch Men of War, all ready to come to Sea, with four Flags rieit. flying, three whereof Blue and one White, and in the Bay itlbif five fmall Ships more ; which Account he communicated to the Lords of the Admiralty. Being come to Town, he made the following Propofal to the Duke oi Shrewsbury y Principal Secretary of Stare; A Propofal " That the Body of the Fleet fliould lie in Camaret and Bertheaiime made iy Sir « Bays, and a Detachment be made to fuftain the fmall Frigates and Roolfe^/or " Bomb-Veflels, while they went in to do what Mifchief they could. attempting " It was his Opinion that by thus blocking up the Enemy's Fleet ia /^e French at « ^^\^ principal Port, infulting their Coafts, and burning their Towns " at the fame time, it would expofe them to the World, make them " very unealy at home, and give Reputation to his Majefty's Arms ; " and this he believed might be done, if fpeedily undertaken, with " the AfiTiftance of fome fmall Frigates, which were much wanted. The Lord Berkeley arriving in Tor bay the third oijuncy he im- mediately betook himfclf to the Dilpatch of all things ncccffary ; A Council of 3nd fince a Council of War, both of Englijh and 'Dutch FJag-Offi- war think it ccfS, thought it uot ptadticablc to attempt the French in the Har- not praaua- y^^^^ ^^ Breft. \\c was ordered to confult with them how the Fleet ble to attempt . i i . -o i i i . . y- i o the French m might be belt employed the remaming part of the Summer. ^it&Harbour. \i yvas agrccd , if the French difarmed not , to proceed to the Coaft of France for the Space of fourteeen or fifteen Days, for that thereby if they had not an Opportunity of deftroying fome of their Shipping, yet it might very much alarm them, and occafion the weakening their Armies by keeping up their Militia, and Handing Forces. It was alfo determined, that upon notice of their fending any Squadrons to moleft our Trade, an equal Strength fhould be de- tached to oppofe them, and that when the French difarmed their Ships, it would be convenient to divide ours, fome to bombard their Towns, and others on necefTary Services : but yet that the whole fiiould be fo dilpofcd of as that they might unite upon any emergent Occafion. On the fixteenth a Council of War was called, upon the Receipt of Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty, touching the Fleet's ly- ing Chap.XIX. from the Tear 1 6SS, to 169-], 547 ing in Bertheaume and Camaret Bays, and a Squadron's being fent wich the Bomb- VefTels to deftroy fomc of the /r^wf/j Towns; and though it was judged that the Fleet could not ride in either of thofe Bays out of Bombiliot, ycr was it rcfolvcd to laii, when Weather a Kefohtthn would permit, and look thereinto, and endeavour to deftroy what 'f ^"'^ '" ^^'^' Ships they might meet witk there. Accordingly the Admiral turn'd Camaret "* it up as high as 'Dartmouth, but the Tide of Ebb being Ipenr, and ^'^"J^- it blowing hard at W. S. W. he was conftrained to repair to Torbayy and the next Day, being the nineteenth, the Dutch Admiral had Orders from his Majefty to fend to Holland eight Ships of the Line ^'^^'Pi'^^h r n \ or LmeofBattel- 01 Battel. shtp, ordered The Weather being fair, and the Fleet failing the twenty fourth ''<""*• oi'June, with the Wind at N. N. W. they had the good Fortune to get out of the Chanel, and in Broad Sound one of our Ships took a French Privateer which came from Brcjt fourteen Days before. The Prilbners faid all the great Ships were up in the River ; that ^^■^*'^ ««»- there were about thirty Sail in Breft-JVater, cleaned, and going ^itfo'iu'two' out in two Squadrons, one under the Command of Monfieur Cha- s^Ldrons at teau Renault, and the other wich Monfieur iY(f/'w:'W ; whereupon ^'^^'*/'"' it was determined to fail with the Fleet to Belle Ifle, and trom chatcaTiie- thence to fend ten Ships to procedl the Bombardment of St. Mar- na"it and, this, and Oloune. Ncfmond. The fourth of July the Fleet anchored about two Leagues from ^^e lUet an- Belle Ifle, Ibrac of our Men having been landed before at Grouais, p'"" ^^''^ where they burnt moft part of the Villages, and killed and brought did mlftlilf ofT many Cattel without any Refiftance, for the People had deferred "' Crouais the Ifland. A little before the Fleet came to an Anchor , all the ^"f J/^"^ Barges and Pinnaces were fent to Houat, one of the Iflands called the Cardinals, where the Men landed, and brought off about three hundred Head of Cattel. Next Day the Kent, Boyne, and Torbay, with two Dutch Ships of War, and all the Long-Boats of the Ad- miral's Divifion, were fent to Grouais, and about feven hundred Soldiers and Marines landing there, they fiuilhed what had been be- gun, by burning almofl: twenty Villages. The Boats employed a- gainft Houat were ordered on the like Service againft Heyd'tc ; ib that, upon a modcft Computation, there were dellroyed about twenty VefTels, and thirteen hundred Houfes ; and near fixteen hundred Head of black Cattel and Horfes were killed. Upon the Ifland Grouais there were not any Fortifications, but on each of the Cardinals there was a Fort, with a deep Ditch and a double Wall, to which the In- habitants, with fome Soldiers, retired. Theic Services being per- formed , the Admiral had thoughts of landing on Belle Ifle ; but fmcc there were but two hundred and forty of Colonel Norcott's ■^^'' reafori Men, (the reft being gone with the Bomb- VeflxMs) it was not judged td'l^ltllw'e. advilcable ; for the Enemy had there twenty five Companies of the if'- Regiment of 'P/V^;W)', befides three thoufand Iflandcrs, who could carry Arms. Thus ended thcfc little Enterprizes, and a Council of War deter- mined that the Fleet fliould fl:ay o^ Belle Ifle five Days longer, to cover the Ships at the Ifle ofRhe, and then proceed oifofV/hant, A a a a X the 548 NavalTra7ifaB:ions ^/f/^^Englifh, Book IV. ■■■■ > '■ ' ' " the laid Ships, with the Bomb-VefTcIs, having very much damaged TOamagedone the To WHS of St. Martin'?, and Olonne ; which leaving on fire, af- ro ir. Martin'; ter having expended ahnoft: two thoufand Bombs and CarcafTcs, they and Olonne. j^j^^^j ^j^^ pjg^^ On the nineteenth Captain Beaumont met with a Ship from Lis- Monfieur^ef bou bound to thc IDoivns ^ Vv'holc Mafter informed him that four mond/«« At Days before he fell in with a Squadron of nine Sail, commanded by cZnt shj}''/' Monfieur Nefmond, in the Latitude of 46, about eighty Leagues from the Northward Cape ; that he was on board the Com- madorc, and underftood they had not been above four Days from Brejty being bound off of Cape Sz. Fhiceut to look for the Spanljh Weft-India Ships. The Fleet being now in great want of mod Species of Provifions, the Admiral judged it abfolutely neceflary to move Eaftward , left what they had yet remaining Ihould fpend fafter than they could be fupplied, but more elpecially if the vidtualling Ships expected from 'JPortJnwuth happcn'd to be detained by Wefterly Winds ; and having made a hard Ihift to vidual ten third Rates, two Fourths, vke- Admiral and tvvo Fitclhips, he put them under the Command of Vice-Adrai- Mitchei! or- j.^] ^iifchelL whom he ordered to cruife in the Sonndinvs for pro- dered into '«« „ i /' i -r- i n i i ^ Soundings tectuig the Icvcral Trades expected home. xi;>/j a squa- So many of the T)ntch were withdrawn, that there remained but TheEod'i of eleven, fcveu wheteof wcrc to be part of the Weftcrn Convoy ; and the Fleet very by thcfe Dctachmcnts the Body of the Fleet was fo vefy inconfide- inconfiderabie fj|j}e, that wlicu the Couvoys of both Nations came to Torbay, Ad- vetachments. Hiiral AlUmonde was forced to go with his own Ship, in Company of others particularly appointed, to fecure them well into thc Sea ; and it was render'd yet weaker, by Sir Cloudefty Sbovell\ being ordered by the Lords of thc Admiralty with five Ships to Spit bead', \°"^afrTvlT t i^^oii^uch that the Admiral foon after received Orders to repair thi- Spithead. ther alfo , where he arrived the thirtieth, with fix Firft Rates, as many Seconds, and four Thirds, together with four Fircihips, and fome fmall VefTels, from whence he came to Town ; but before he left Tor bay the Tortland brought in a Sloop of the Enemy's, whofe 'Advke of Commander gave his Lordlhip an Account that Monfuur Chateau ChateTu Re- R^^i^^^^ failed from Breft about fifteen Days before (on what De- nault'; being fign he kucw not) with fixteen Men of War, and two Firelliips, at Sea. which'werc vidualled for five Months. And now thc Service of the main Fleet in a Body being over for this Year, it remains that I give fome Account of Vice- Admiral An Account Mitchclfs Proceedings in thc Soundwgs , who chafing on the fix- "^^'Tm'^' teenth oij^iiguft three Ships which ftood Eaftward, which he judged rnira cheiij ;vo- to be Privateers, there happened on a fuddcn a violent Storm of ceedmgsinthe Wind and Raiu wliich blew away every Ship's Mainfail that was Soundings, ^-^j. . ^^^q Torbafs Fore top-maft came by the Board, although there was not a Knot of Sail on it, and the Reftauration, a Third Rate, was lb diiablcd, that flie was forced to go to Spit head, having JjjTung her Bowlprit, broke her Mainyard, and her Main and Mizcu- top-maft. The Ckap XX. from thcTear 1^88, to 16^-], 54.9 The twenty ninth the Vice- Admiral was informed from the Lords of the Admiralty that the Eaji-India Company defired the Squadron might, cruife three hundred Leagues Weft from Ireland, between the Latitudes of 49 and 50, for the better Security of their Trade ex- pcdlcd home ; but it appearing tliat the Ships had not more than four Weeks Warcr, and not above three Weeks Butter, Cheefe, and other Necelfaries, it was not thought prad:icable for them to pro- cr^d lb far Weft ward as the Company cxpedtcd they ihould. After this a Letter from Captain Crox', dated the tenth o( Atc- guft, to ihc 'Lor di Berkeley, was taken into Confideration, by which h^ gave an Account that our 'Portvgal^\&ei was daily expeclied home, whcrci.pon a Council of War rcfolved o cont nue in the former Sta- tion, fixty Leagues S. W. from i\\z Liz,ard, until the leventh of Sep- tember, and then to rendezvous S. W. W. forty Leagues from the laid Place, until the fiftCLnth : And fmcc their Provifions would be then reduced to about ten or fifte^-^ Days, it was determined to make the beft of their way to Spithc id., where arriving, he, purluant to Orders from the Lords of the Adn.irvilry, took care forgetting the B'jyiu\ Sunderland, Expedition, Hampton-Court, Alary, aadSeverne, ready to go into tiic Sounui;j_s, .u C:Miip,uiy o^ ^hz Newark, Chi- chefler, and Rcjiauration ; and having prcpnrcu che neceftary In- ftruf^« f«« he fent a Ship into the Weft Chanel, where there was not any thing /row Dun- to be ieen; and next Morning a Boat which was ordered cioic iu kirk. \;!\i\i the Shore, brought an Account that there was not any Ships iu Flem'iflj Road ; fo that he found Monfieur 2).v Bart had giveu him the Slip out of the Eaft Chanel. On the twentieth the Rear-Apmiral fpoke with the Mafter of a VefTel from Nor^jvay, who had ieen dii Bart, on the Weft End of The Rear- jj^^ T)oggar Bank, with eleven Sail, laying his Head Eaftward un- feedTto ti7' dcr his Low-Sails, the Wind at N. N. E. and being of Opinion that DoggarBank hc would cfuiie lomc time between that Place and the Texel, he Them"''^ "^ proceeded thither ; but the T>ittch having no Orders lb to do, refu- ied to accompany him. The twelfth of June he received Advice in Tarmouth Roads that Monfieur Du Bart had met with, near the South End of the 'Doggar Bank, five 'Dutch Men of War, and about levenry Mer- chant Ships bound to Holland from the Eaft Country, the former Du Bart ra-::f J of which he had taken, and about thirty of the others, but fct fire feveraipMch jq f^^^,^ ^f jj^g Frigates upon the Approach of thirteen Dutch Ships Men of War ... i • 'l r ''^ andAUuhant which gavc hmi chaic. shifi. The Rear- Admiral no fboner received this Advice than he ordered the Ships bound to the Eaft Country to anchor, and getting under Sail with his Squadron he came up with the Trade from Hull, un- der Convoy of five Dutch Men of War, by whom he was informed that they faw eight Sail to the South- Eaft that very Morning, whcrc- ^7b '*b'"w "PO" ^h^y proceeded together in Search of them; but nor meeting and feme thofc French Ships, nor any farther Account of their Proceedings, Dutch 'ihips j^g returned again to Tarmouth Roads, and jailing from thence arrived "qiieft'o/du" ^^ Gottenburgh wich the Eaft Country Trade the thirtieth of June, Bart. having detached neceftary Convoys to the Ships bound to the Icvc- G^ ttenbur°h ''^' Potts. At Gottcnburgh he was informed by the Mafter of a Da- that he WAS u'ljh Ship who Came from the Ccuv and Calf m Nori^'aj', that hc at the Cow had left Monfieur Du Bart there with ten Sail, cleaning and water- andCi . jj^g^ ^^.j^Q j^^j^ ^Qj. j^j^ greater Security, placed a confiderable Num- ber of Guns on Shore. Our Ships were not in Condition to go in Search of him, other- wile they might very probably have done Service; but fince there was a Want ofProvifions, and many other Neccftaries, the Rcar- The Rear- Admiral was conftrained to return to Tarmouth Roads, and from Admiral re- thcnce to the Doinns, where being liipplied, he repaired to Ham- mouthRw/ burgh, in order to his iecuring from thence a rich Trade, wi)ich had and. then fro'- Only two Ftigates for their Convoy. (eedi to con- i^ ^js Paflage towards that Place he was informed the faid Trade "Yrim Ham- ' ^v^s arrived off of Orfordnefs, ib that his Care for them being ovef, 'burgh. he Chap.XXI. from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 551 he proceeded off of the Broad Fourteens to look for Monficur ©a ^^' r,adeir Bart^ where on the fifteenth Day oi September he ract with ten '"J g,Z'Tjf of flitch Men of War, which came from the North, bound to the the Broad ^hesx and on the eighteenth he fpoke with the Riiby^ together ^'^"""ns. with three Englljh Enfi India Ships, which had come North about, beiiiii dcfi 'ncd with eleven T)7itch for the 7V;c^/. N.xt Day he diicnvercd ten Ships W. N W. of him, and making Hc/f«Du all the Sail he could to ipcak with them, found by their working ^,^"' ""^ that they were Monfieur 'Du Barfs Squadron, who had miffed the taircft Opportunity imaginable of taking thoie fourteen Eaftlndia Men: Two of our Ships got within ■iw Engiijh League of him, but the rcfl were near three allcrn ; and when Mr. Bcnbow came to fleer the fame Courie thev did, it plainly appeared they wrong'd him ve- ry much; fo th.it lofing Sight of them, when the Night came on, and they fliewing no Lights, be gave over the Chaie. Abjut this time the King having Advice that the French were Jipprehenfion making great Preparations at Brejt, in order to a Defcent on this 'j('' "y""' Kingdom, Sir Clcudcjly Shoi'cU was lent off of that Port with a con- arjsira'ou- fiderable Squadron of Sliips; but loon after it was tound that this defly shovell Equipment was no other than a Squadron of Ships for Monfieur ■'^"'J^'^''^^ ^^ ^BoKfj, with which he laiied to Carthagenay as will be related in McnfuurVon, its proper Place. 'y'' sciuadron * * filling out. Chap. XXI. Re ay- Admiral Nevil'i Proceedings to and m the Weft- Indie^, -with an Account of hh engaging nfieur Toiity, with fiv" Sail more, was about fix or Icvcn Miles a-head of the Vice Admiral, not hut that forae of our Ships were much nearer him, and the Chafe being continued wi'h a frelh Gale, which occcafiuncd a great Sea, the Br'ijloly Southampton, and Trident, loft their Top-mafts, and the Vice Ad- ^vhHTu"/" miral's own Ship, as well as that where Rear- Admiral Meeze bore 7hips received his Flag, fprang alfo their Fore top marts; However they chafed all in their Mafts Y)^y^ 2j^j jq thc Evcuing thc /Jw/^t/*, GofpOTt^ Sunderlatid, Col- and sails. ^jj^p^.^ and a T>utch Ship of War, were not far from the Enemy, who, without racking again, ftood on Southward. Next Morning, as Ibou as it was light, Monfieur Tonty was feen with five Ships nbout four Miles a-head, but all ours were out of Sight of the Flag£xccpt the Sunderland, Tembroke, and Gofport, and even they were confid(jrably a-ftern by rcalbn of the Lofs of their Top-mafts ; but as the Day came on others joined, and then it was found that the Rupert, Colchejier^ and Til^utch Ship had in the Night met with the like Misfortune. The Vice- Admiral weathered and forereached upon Moufieur Toti' ty, infomuch that he made a Signal for thofc Ships, which kept a better Wind than he did, to bear down to him; nay he was once ib near the fternmoft of them ihat they had like to have come to Blows. As the Day came on the Gale frefhen'd and about nine it blew hard, at which time the 'Pembroke's Top-maft came by the board, and about ten the Vice- Admiral's Main-Sail gave Way in two Places, which he was forced to repair as it lay on the Y ird. When the French favv thefe Misfortunes (of which they had themfelves no Share) they all took in their Fore-top-Sails; for being fliarp Ships they could not well endure the great Sea. The Vice- Admiral quickly fet his Main-Sail again, but running up with the Enemy the Clew of his Fore- Sail gave Way, the Sail irfelf fplit- ting from Clew to Ear-ring, and loon after his Fore-top-Sail flew in pieces ; fo that before other Sails could be brought to the Yards, the French were fhot a great Way a- head ; but he made the Signal for ■ the Sunderland and Gofport to keep Sight of them. The Main- top maft of the firft of thofe Ships went by the board, and as the Weather-Clew of her Fore- top-Sail failed ; fo the Gofport alio Iprung her Fore-Maft. Through thefe Misfortunes, which lo unac- countably followed one after the other, the French Ships gained fb much (-.fours that they could not be feen in the Night, nor was it known whether they tack'd or bore up, or which Way they flood, wherefore the Vice- Admiral kept on his Courf'e Southward, but not any more of his Squadron were in Sight the next Morning than the Sunderland and Gofport, and they a-ftcrn. Thefe unlucky Acci- dents prevented that rich Booty's falling into our Hands which Mon- fieur Tnit'^ had gotten together at the taking of Carthagena, and indeed it is fomeuhjt ftrange that our Ships only fliould thus fuffer Tht fuppofed jq i\^q{j Top-mafts and Sails. f"gn'l"'Ll;s ^ know it has been alledged that the Heat in thofe Parts eats out »/ Maj. and all, Or grcateft Part of the Tar, whereby the Sails are weakened, and Chap. XXI. from the Tear 1688, to 16 9-]. 555 apt to iplit even in the very Scams ; but certain it is they as often rent in the Canvas too: And if our Sails were made of as good StufT^ and uork'd up as well, I can fee no Reafon whv they fliould not have proved as durable as thofe of the French, WMio being cha- fed were obliged to put theirs to as great a Trial, even after they had been longer ex^uled to the Hcac of the Country. As for the Top marts, it is probable that the Lois of them might chiefly pro- ceed from the not letting them down far enough to the Head of the lower Mifls; or rather, the not lengthening the Heads of thole low Mafts, that fo one might have the greater Hold of the other; a thing that hath fincc been redified. The Weather ar this time was very clofc, and the Vice- Admiral Thevke-jid- judging himlelf to b? about eighteen Leagues Ihort of Carihagena., ""rai haTJwg the appointed Rendezvous, he Itood in for that Place to pick up his ^f'^^'^^'^^'^^'^ n >J n- I- c J J ■ L T- • U v.^ ir /• fleers Jor Cil- Iharter d Itragglmg Squadron, and m the Evening brought to withm thagena. Sight of the Land, Rear- Admiral i^/£'r;ce, with fix Ships more, then joining him, which likewilc had had all their Sails blown away. Next Evening he anchored before Boca Chiga Caftlc, at the En- trance of Carthagena Harbour, about five Miles Northward of the Town, when lecing a great Breach, he concluded the French had difmanticd and quitted it; but that he might be better informed, he fent in a Boat w ith a Lieutenant and a Sfanijh Pilot in the Night, who found in the Town not above forty Spaniards , three or four TheConditwn of whom being brought to him, they gave an Account that the ^^{f^^'^f '^* French had taken and quirted the Place, and that all the People had delertcd it for fear of the Privateers, who were gleaning Mon- ficur 'Tonty's Leavings. Hereupon he weighed, and coming to an Anchor before the Town, offered to afiifl: the Inhabitants with Men, Powder, Muskets, ^c. but although they began to flock in- to the Place, with Intention to flay as long as the Squadron con- tinued there, yet would not the Governor advance from the two Days Journey he had made into the Country ; and the People were fo terrify 'd by the Privateers, who, after Monficur Tonty failed, ^'■" cvutU') put many of them to the Torture, that they declared they would 'j^lri Ift7r'^' not flay a Moment longer than the Squadron did. I'onty failed. At length the Governor took Courage, and coming into the Town next Day, fent his Lieutenant to inform the Vice- Admiral that he had not a Grain of Powder, no fmall Arras, or fb much as The wam of a Musket-Ball; nor was it reafonable to believe (confidering how ^"'^^'^'- "nd the Spajiijh Garrifons in thofe Parts of the World, as well as in ^/carXge''- thefc, are generally provided for) that he was over-flecked when na. the Attempt was made; but notwithftanding his prelent Want, he neither condefcended to ask for, or to purchafe any ; however the Vice Admiral let him know that he was going that Night to Sea, be- ing apprchcnfive the Galleons were in Danger, but that if the Winds fliould hang out of the Way he would ipare him what NecefTa- ries he was able. I may not here omit obferving, that had he proceeded diredlly to Carthagena, inftead oijama'tcay when, as it is laid, he firfl: recei- ved Advice from the Ifland of St. Thomas that the Enemy, after B b b b > having 55^ NaviilTraiifatlwns of the Engli fh, Book IV. having plundered that Place, were carelefly lying with their Ships in Porr, it is very reaibnablc ro believe he might have made him- felf Mafter of all the Riches they had on board them. Whether he ohftrvathns himfclf inclined to make this Attempt, or, if fo, he was diverted on vice-Ad-^ thcrchom by the Majority of the Officers in the Squadron ; (a- Z^lrfceeLl ^ong whom, if I am rightly informed, there was no great Harmo- direciiy to ny) ot whcthcr Credit was given to the Intelligence, 1 am not able Cardiasena. ^^ jj^y^ jj ^^^ appearing that an Affair of this Confcqucnce was, as hath been cuftoraar)^, debated at a Council of War ; but, however it happened, this is certain, that by the Englifly and T)ntcb Ships proceeding to Jamaica before they went in Search of the French Squadron, they loft an Opportunity not only of enriching them- selves, but of performing a Service which would have been very prejudicial to the Enemy. The vke-yiii- Ncxf Day at Noon the Wind came Wefterly, when theVice-Ad- tnrd fails mjral not hearing any thing from the Governor, he weighed and inn.^'"^'"' ^^^^ Eaftward, leaving Orders for the Ships which were miffing to follow him ; and on the fixth difcovering eight Privateers under the Shore of Sarnbay^ he fent the ColcheJIer, Go/port^ V'lrgm-Trizc^ and Lightuij/g Firelhip to deftroy them, which were afterwards to ftand over to Cape Tnbarou , the Place of Rendezvous, where if they found not the Squadron, they, and the other Ships miffing, were ordered to repair to Tetit-Gnavas ; but the Viee- Admiral be- ing not able to fetch in with cither of thofe Places, proceeded to Hifpaniola^^wdi having taken a Privateer of 24 Guns ofTof the Iflandof Navaza, Weftward oi Hlfpan'iola^ which the Colchejier had given chafe to, and burnt another of iz Guns, that ran on fliore near Cape 'Donna Maria, he anchored the nineteenth o'tjune, in order to Water and Wood ; but four or five Days before he had lent a Fri- Kc -ivrites to gate to St. Jago, on the South part of Cuba, with a Letter to the the Governor Govemor of the Havana, another to the General of the Galleons, "Ld Gcnn'd which floating Magazines of Silver were certainly in great want of of the Gal- Provifious, othcrwile they would not have ventured out of Torto leans Bcllo, knovving that they fhould be obliged to come up as high as The hazard Cartbageva before they could ftrerch over and weather the Shoals: L'«re/»/r"»j ^ud as thcy did not come out above two Days before Monfieur Pontysi^""- ^Ponty left Carthageua, or without Knowledge of his being there; dron. ^Q jg jp j^Qj. unreaionable to believe that he had Advice of their De- parture from 'Porto Bcllo, and that he was cruifmg for them at the very time our Squadron met him and gave him chafe. The twenty Iccond of June the Vice- Admiral was informed by Sir William Beefton, Governor oi Jamaica, that it would be of Rear-yidmi- great Service if he could deftroy Petit-Guavas, whereupon he or- rai Meeze dcrcd Rcar- Admiral Meeze thither with nine Ships of the Squadron ; sqladrL lo ^^ whofc Procccdiugs therein it is now proper to give the follow- deftroy?em- ing Account. Before he arrived at Petit-Guavas he made a Dc- Guavas. tachmcnt of about nine hundred Men from the Ships, two hundred and fifty whereof he put into a Sloop, one hundred on board a Fifth Rate Frigate, and the reft into the Boats ; and when he came with- in fixtccn or fcvcntecn Leagues of the Place, he left the two Ships, wich Chap. XXI. from the Tear 1688, f^? 1(^517. 557 with Orders to their Commanders not to appear in fight, but to get in early the next Morning ; but finding he could not reach the Port himlclf that Nigh"", he dirc(5ted them not to come in until the next Day. On Monday the twenty eighth of 'June^ at half an Hour after our Feoph Three in the Morning, he landed, with Colonel Kirkby, Captain guIIs'S' Lytcot^ Captain Holmes, Captain Jurms, Captain Elliot, and Cap- make them- Z^m Moore, and four hundred Men, a Mile Eaftward oiTetit-Giia- f'^'"" ^^^^A" vas, and then marched diredly to the Town ; the Sloop, with "^ "' forae of the Boats, which had on board them about one hundred of the Men, not being able to keep up with him. He thought the Place might with much more eal'c be taken by Surprize, with thole Men he had, than by dilcovering himUlJ^ which he muft have done by flaying for the reft, and therefore entering it juft at the Dawn of Day, he marched diredtly to, and immediately took the Grand Guard. When this was done he fent one hundred Men to fccurc two Batteries of four Guns each ; and while the fame was doing mofl of the French quitted the Town. Soon after the Sun was up the Sailers began to be fo unruly that ^''« ^iforden they could not be diverted from Plundering, and in an Hour or two "-^'^^ ^"'(""^ mofl: of them were fo drunk, that norwithflanding the well-laid De- carrying off fign of Mr. Mecze towards making himfelf and them Maflers of the '^«^^«»''"'- Plunder, by appointing a Captain, with fome trufty Men, to begin at each cud of the Town, and lo to have met one another, he was conftraiu'd to fet fire thereunto much fboner than he intended, other- wife he could not have depended on fifty fober and ferviceable Men ; fo that rot any thing was carried ofF except a few Negroes, and o- ther inconfiderable Matters, ah hough it was reported, (how truly I cannot fay) that two Days before four Mules were brought into the Town loaden with Gold and Silver from the Iflc of Ajh, part of what the Privateers rifled at Carthagena. Our Officers and Men behaved with Bravery on this Occafion, the latter having chearfully rowed many Leagues in that hot Coun- try, and it was great pity that their Ungovcrnablcncfs deprived both themlclves and their Officers of what would have fufficiently made them amends for their Fatigue. Having thus taken up a httlc of your time concerning Tetit- Guavas, I will yet farther intrude on your Patience, by giving a iliort Account of the manner of Monfieur Tonty^ attacking Car- thagena. The thirteenth o{ April he appcar'd before the Place with twen- The manner ty fix Ships, great and fmall, and bombarded it until Ten in iho. "I ^'^""f"''"' Morning of the fifteenth. Then he attack'd the Caftle of Boca laclwgclx. Chiga with three Ships, two thoufand Men, and two Mortars by iingena. Land, and about Fi\e in the Afternoon made himfelf Matter of it. ' ^''' Next Day the Fleet entering the Bay, he lent two thoufand four hundred Men to the Cafllc oi Boca Grande, which was found de- fcrted ; and landing the fevcntcenth at Terra Firma, he attacked and difperfcd two hundred and forty Mulattos, who defended them- fclves very well : After which they marched to a Hill called Tie la Toiipey 558 NavalTranf actions of the Englifh, Book IV. Toupc^ and there planted their Colours. On the eighteenth they attack'd the Fort called St. Laz,ars., at the Foot of the laid Hill, and after four vigorous Aflaults the Defendants retired to the Town. The twentieth, twenty firft, and twenty lecond, they batter'd the Suburb called Gigmani, by the Half-Moon at the Ifl.inc'-Gate, but on the twenty third and twenty fourth they cealcd firing, the Men beinf» employ 'd in mounting five Mortars and twenty four great Guns, with which they batter'd the Fortifications the twenty fifth, twenty fixth, twenty feventh, and twenty eighth ; and having o- pened a great Breach, they took in the Suburb the twenty ninth, after a handlbme Defence ; immediately after which they batter'd the Walls of the Town not only with the Guns from the Ships and on the Shore, but with Mortars alfo ; whereupon the Aldermaa (the Civil Magiftrate of the Place) finding the City ih briskly at- tack'd, propoled its being delivered up, but the Governor refilled, and began to make inward Works to refill the Afiaults : Never- thclcfs coming foon after to a Parly, he was prevailed upon, and Monficur Tonty^ with Monfieur T>u Cajfe concluded the Capitula- tions; Vv'hich were, " That the Governor Ihould march out oa " Horfcback, with two Field-Pieces, the Garrifon with their Arms, " and the Men, Women , and Children with all the deaths they " could carry. The twenty third of May the French took PoflclTion of the Ci- ty, and fb civil were they to the Inhabitants, that they executed a Soldier for attempting to take a Ring from a Mulatto Woman. What Riches they met with is variouily reported, but I am apt to think it fell {hort of the Ten Millions which it was laid they car- ried away. I return now to Vice- Admiral Hev'il, who having wooded and watered the Ships, he got under fail the twenty ninth of June to meet Rear- Admiral Meeze, by whom being joined the next Day, he iailed for Jamaica^ that fo he might get the Ships from thence, and proceed diredly for the Havana in Search of the Galleons, of which he had not yet any certain Account. The eleventh o'i July he made the Ifle of Tines, the thirteenth came up wlihS^.Anthony'i, theWefl: End of Cuba, and the fixteenth he got about a Range of Rocks called the Colleradoes ; but the Men Rcar-Aiimt- wctc at this time very fickly, and next Day Rear- Admiral Meeze ral Mccze died. -il'evke-Jd- The Squadron arriving at the Havana the twenty fcccnd of Ju- miraicomesto ly^ thc Vicc- Admiral acquainted the Governor that he was in great '%^!^Ln)ti want of Water and Refrclhmenrs, and therefore dcfired leave to Water'and comc iuto the Port, that fo he might make Provifion for his Voyage Refrejhments jq Cudiz, to which Placc he defigned (according to his Infirudti- h^^^he pani- ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^j^^ Gallcons in Safety. This he was not only refuled, but alraoft every thing he requefted, the Don alledging, that the King his Mailer's Infirud:ions would not jufiily his permitting the Squadron to come into that Port, but that if he would repair to Mutanfes, (a Place where there was not Depth of Water for his Ships) he would endeavour to fupply his wants ; not but that be doubted Chap. XXII. from thcTear 1688, to 1^517. 555* douhrcd his Capacity of doing it ePedtually, fince the Galleons had already drciucd the Place of Provifious. The Vice Admiral writ aifb to the General of the Galleons, letting The via-Ad- him know that the Squadron he commanded was fent chiefly to fe- "'"'"} ^'- cure thole lich Imbarcations and to condudl them fafc to Cadiz; Vd'eratlf'tht but he was plcaied to anfwcr, that he had received no Orders oi ^aUeon$ that that Nature from the King of Spain, and was therefore obliged to ^' ^""^ orders follow tholb he had, being forty he could not have the Opportu- tlemllme. nity of accompanying him. nhAnfwer. It cannot be thouglit but that this Treatment was very furprifing; nor, pofllbly, fliould I be much in the wrong in judging, that the natural Jealoufy of the Spaniards gave them Apprehcnfions that our Ships would endeavour not oaly to make themfelvc jMafters of the Place, but of the Galleons too. In fine, the Vice- Admiral finding that not any thing could be had there, he put the Sljips into the bcfl Condition that pofTibly he could, ar.d failed for Virginia^ where '^^'^ squadron he died the twenty ievcnth of Augufi^ occA.lon'd, as I a.a apt to {tniV'w/^" believe, by Grief for the Misfortunes he hid met with. By the "i- ice- Admiral Death of him, and the Rear- Admiral, the Command of the Squa- '^'**- dron devolved on Captain Thomas TDilkes who having done all that caftam pofilbly he could towards rcfrelhing the Men, and procurmg Pro- ^^^^^^ t^'- vifions, failed from Virginia, and arrived in Etiglmd the twenty ^Vh thl^ fourth oi O^obcr with part of the Squadron, the ~oft, which were ^^'/^^ feparatcd in bad Weather, dropping in both before and after. Chap. XXII. An Account of Monfieur Ponty'^ coming with a French Squadron to Newfoundland while Sir John Norris was with a Squadron of EngUfh Ships there, MOnficur Tonty having narrowly efcaped the Squadron with Vice- Admiral Nevil, got not to Breji without running the hazard of being twice more intercepted, firft at Newfoundland by Captain Norris^ and afterwards in the Soundings, by a Squadroa commanded by Captain Thomas Harlcji' , with which he engaged; for coming to Neivfoundland (the firfl Country he touched at after he left the IFcJl-Indies) Captain Norris, who commanded a Squa- dron of Ships there, had Intelligence that levcral French Men of War were feen off of Cape-Land Bay; which was confirmed the next Day by Ibme filhing People ; and the firing of Guns was heard both by Day and Night. But it being believed by Ibme that this Vontfs ships was MonCicur Ne/rnond's SquaHior, or part thereof, two Booms ''"'''•^*' " * were laid crofs the Harbour of St. Ji>hii\, and the Squadron put in- mon'(f- be French ; that foon after the fternmofl Ship fired a Gun, and then making fevcral fallc Fires, the Lights were inftantly put out, fo that he loft fight of them. That at Two in the Morning he flood Northward, with little Wind at N. N. E. and not feeing any Ships when the Day appeared, made the bcft of his way to Carboniere ; but the Wind veering at Noon to S. S.W. the Current had fet him by the twenty ninth at Night between Harbour Grace Ifland and that Bay. As foon as he had declared what he had thus difcovcred, he was fent out a third time, with Orders to fail right into the Sea until he carte on the Bank oi Newfoundland, and if he faw not the aforefaid Ships, or any other Squadron, to repair to Cape Race, and endea- vour to gain Intelligence from Tlacentia. The ninth oi Augujt in the Morning he returned, and related. That about Twelve at Night, on the Saturday before, he faw fevcral Lights to Windward ; that at two a Clock four of the Ships he difcovcred fired three Guns each, and then tack'd and flood from the Shore, which induced him to make fail and keep his Wind, in order to get under Cape Race, but that as foon as it was light he flood within three times Gua- iliot of the headmofl, and then laid by and looked on the Enemy's Sliips, which he judged to be fixtecn, the Admiral of them with three Decks, four of about 80 Guns, fix from 70 to 60, two of 50, and the other three either Frigates or Firelhips. When he had thus vicw'd them well, he wore his Ship, and brought to towards the Shore, but they tacking at fix a Clock, and Handing offi and per- C c c c ceiving S62 NavalTranfaBionsofthe Englilh, Book IV. ceiving that he followed them, one of them flood in towards the Shore to cut him off from the Cape. A Squadron Thc eighteenth in the Morning this Squadron came off the Har- offixieenships {jq^^ q^ St. Johfi's, which was about thirty two Days after the firft fohn-'swith Notice of Monficur 'P^jwry's being ^x. Neizfotmdland. They were three Swat- jq all fixtecn, with thrcc Swallow-tail'd Flags, ten of them from 5-0 fu's"'^'^ to 70 Guns, the others either Firefliips or linall Frigates, as Captain ^esborow had reported, and having viewed our Ships, they flood off again ; but at Noon approaching thc Harbour, the Wind took them Ihort, fo that they laid their Heads off and brought to ; from which time they were not leen until the twenty third, nor came they after that near the Port. The Method Xhc Mcthod taken to defend thc Ships and Harbour was this ; Tendouri'hips ^^^ ^'^^ ^^" of War lay in the Shape of a Half Moon to thc Har- and the Har- bout's Mouth, and the Broadfide of each commanded thc two Booms. hur. Colonel Gibfon\ Regiment was ported at the two Batccrie?, and o- rher proper Places, while Captain Richards (who was thc Engineer for fortifying the Harbour) threw up fuch Works as he judged ne- ccffary on this Occafion ; and that the Squadron might be the bet- ter able to do Service, all the Men were taken from the Merchant Ships, and put on board them. Chap. XXIII. Ayi Account of an Engagement mthe Soundings between a Squadron of Englidi Ships ^ and that commanded h'v Monfieur Ponty. H AVING already informed you in what manner Monfieur ^ Totity, with his rich Squadron, efcaped Vice-Admiral Nev'tl in the Weft-Ind'ies, and Captain Norris at Neiifoundland ., it re- mains that I follow him to Brcfl, for before he reached that Pore he fell in with the Ships commanded by Captain Harloiu in the SoundingSf as hath been lately mentioned. Captain Har- The fourteenth oi Aiigiift thc faid Captain Harlo'w being with a low wce/i Squadron of five Ships and a FireOiip, viz. two of 80 Guns, two fie'ur ?on"y in of 70, and One of 30, about ninety Leagues W. S.W. from Scillyy ^*« Sound- one of them the TDefiance^ made thc Signal of feeing Lights to iDgs. Windward, and as the Day came on five Sail were plainly dilcovcr'd. They bore down on him about Eight in the Morning, and he ply- ing up to them, endeavour'd to get into a Line of Battel. Monfieur Tonty having viewed our Squadron, thought it conve- nient to make Ibmc Alterations in his Line, but ncvertheiefs he bore down with all thc Sail he could, and brought to about Two in the Afternoon out of Gun-lhot. He continued not long in that Po- fture, but edged nearer, and worked his Ships ^o as if he intended to Chap. XXIII from theTear i<^88, to 169-]. 5^3 to prefs the Van of our Squadron, upon which Captain Harlow fenc to the T)€Vonjhire to fill her Sails , and ftand away upon a Wind, that ib fhc might the better fall in with Monficur Tonty"^ Ship, who about Three in the Afrcrnoon brought ro diredtly againft her within two thirds Gun fliot, and began tiie Fight. After the Squadrons had been engaged about two Hours, the ^^'^ '^i^s.'- French Commadore made the Signal for Tacking, but as there was Jittlc Wind, not any of the Ships would Hay, uniefs it was that which was oppofice to the 'Defiance; and the Head of her Main- top-mafl: being difabled, which occafioned the Yard's filling down on the Slings, flie wore not wirhonc great difficulty, when, keep- ing her Wind, Ihe Hood out of the Line, which put Monficur Tonty himfelf in fome Dilbrder ; but although he was couftrain'd to bear up for her, he foon doled the Line again. About Six in the Evening the Gale frefliened, and fliiftcd from The Frencfa W. by S. to S. W. by S. and S. S. W. whereupon the Enemy tacking, ''""'«• our Commadore made the Signal tor his Rear to do the fame ; and fetting his Main fail, that he might be fure of fl:aying, he was no fooner about than he Ipread all the Canvas he could after them, as they did from him. In the Night he loft fight of them , not but that he ditcovered fome of their Lights between eight and nine a Clock, and by that means had an Opportuniry officering after them, they bearing then N. E. and N. E. by N. After Ten thofe Lights being no more leen, he fl;ood away between the N. E. and E. with an eafy Sail, that io fome of the Ships which were very much a- ftcrn might come up with him. Next Morning, between Four and Five, the Weather being very clear, the Enemy were fecn between the S. E. by E. and E. S. E. at the difiance of about three or four Leagues, and iheWind being then variable between the S. and S. W. but a gentle Gale, all Sails were fet, and the Chal'e continued until it was Evening, when they were near the iame diftance as in the Morning ; but ib much did they wrong our Ships in failing, thar they could, at pleafure, lower ^^« French a Yard or aTopmaft, to prevent their coming by rhe Board ; and Z7y%i"h in this was occafioned by ours being fouler than theirs, even though failing. they came from lb remote Parts ; for it is not to be doubted but they made a iliift to heel and Icrub them in the beft manner they could when abroad. Early next Morning they had fhot ahead about four or five Miles, and no fooner were our Ships difcovered by them than they let out the Reefs of their great Sails, and fct all their Imall ones ; fb that although when they firft made from us, the Hulls of them could be feen down to the Water-Line, yet in fix Hours time they ran fo much out of fight that not above half their Top fails could be difcovered. About eleven a Clock it blew frefli, and the Weather inclined to be thick and hazey, fo that Captain Harhw leeing no Pofiibility of coming up with them, he brought to ; and thus Monficur Tonty had the good Fortune to efcape the third time, who without farther Interruption, carried the Spoil of the S}>aniards into Breji. What C c c c X ic 5^4 NavalTranfaBiomofthcEnglifh, Book IV. obfervations jf xv&s that induccd him to bear down and engage cur Ships, is un- about Mon- j-gjj-^jjj . fgj although the Strength of his Squadron, and ours, was h^Terisapns ahuoft cqual, yct confidcring the Riches he had on board, I think aur Squadron. i^Q Hiould in Prudcncc havc dcdined a Battel, which doubrlefs he might have done, fince (as it proved) his Ships had much the bet- ter Heels. Chap. XXIV. v5/V George Rooke, Admiral of the Fleets hts Proceedings to and fro in the Soundings j with thofe of Vice- Admiral Mitchell in the fame Place, 1697. T' ET us now return to the Body of the Fleet in theYear 1697, of I ^ which Sir George Rooke being appointed Admiral, he with the great Ships arrived ofTof the South-Foreland the lecond oi Juney and intended to flop Tides from thence to S fit head, and being rhe next Day at an Anchor o^ oi 'Dover, aftrong South- Weft Wind ob- liged him to return to the "Downs. . Setting Sail again he arrived at St. Helen'?, the tenth in the Even- Rookrir- ing, where he met Rear- Admiral Najfau, with ten Dutch Ships of rives with Wat, which Were firft to convoy ieveral Merchants to Hollandy 'st'uTen'l ^^^ ^^^° ^° return and join the Fleet. A Council of The fourteenth a Council of War was called, where were befides War rejoive the Admiral himfelf prefent, Sir Cloudefy Shovel/, Admiral of the *" '"'""rfh'as ^'"^' Vice-Admiral y/y/wfr, and Vice- Admiral vV/i/f />£•//, and it was ml'ny !-hips as agreed that fmce there was a great Want of Men and Provifions, could be man- ^^^ but little Prolpcdt of a fuddeu Supply, fo many Ships ihould be 7ua'ud^"' ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ could be manned up to their middle Complements, while thole fiom which the Men were taken, lecured themielves in "Portfmouth Harbour ; and rhe next Day, at another Conlultarion, where were alio prefent the Dutch Admiral, Vice Admiral Callem- berg. Rear- Admiral iWijo)'/, zwdMx. Bokenham, firft Captain to the Admiral, it was refolved to proceed off of 'V/hant for Inrclligcnce, and then to govern thcmfelves as a Council of War fhould think moft advifeable. yi great want There was a great Want of fmall Frigates, and other proper Vcf. efjmaii Fri- fgjs to prevent the Enemy's Snaws difcovering the Wcakncis of our Squadron ; for although the intended Fleet, v^'hen all together, would have made up forty Icven Engl/^y, and twenty three Dutch of the Line of Battel, bcfidcs fevcntecn Firclhips, and other imall Crafr, yet were there at this time forty three of thole feventy Ships ablenc on the following Services, viz. Rates gates. Chap. XXIV. from thcTear 1688, to i<^5»7, 5(^5 __„___^ . ■ i . . Rates S^^if! abfent jft j,'^ ocl .thf''<'m the fleet ^'\x\\Y'\ct-kdv[\\x^\ Mitchell xnxhc Soundings. — i o 8 o-jcjj. With Captain Beaumont in the North Sea. 0040 With Rear- Admiral Benbo'j:; iu the Soundings. o o i i Off of Cape de la Hague., o o i o Convoy between the ^owns and Falmouth. 0010 At JVoolwich. 0001 At Hud/on s Bay. • 0001 On the Fiftiery. • 0001 At Hull. ■ — 0010 Between the Ifle of Wight and Tort land. ■ — 0001 At the Nore. — 0010 Unmanned at Blackjiakes. ^ 0300 Unmanned at Tortfmouth. 0330 With Rear- Admiral Naffau on the Coall oi Holland. 0810 Exped:ed from North-Holland. o i i o In all, 'Dutch and Englijh i 15- ^^ 5- So that had not Rear- Admiral NalJ'au]o'\ntA with the ten Dutch Rear-Admh Ships before mentioned, there could not have gone to Sea more '"".' NafTau' than thirty five, great and Imall ; nor was the Fleet at this time ^v"//. "* victualled with more than a Mouth's Bread and Beer, a very little more Butter and Cheefe , fomewhat above two Month's Flcili, but not a Fortnight's Peale and Oatmeal. However, Orders were fcnt vke-Admirai for the Ships which were ready to proceed to Sea, they being but m tch .11, and thirty three, Dutch and Englijh, and eight Fireil ips, btfides the "j'f g^"JJ"^ Ships in the Soundings with Vice- Admiral Mitchell and Rear-Ad- aifo ccmc h- miral Benhow, which join'd the Fleet the twenty fifth oi June off'" f*«^oun^^ Third Ratcs, fix Fourths, and three Fifths, togetlicr Squadron as with Couut Naffau, who had under his Command fix Dutch Ships far ai cape^ ^f ^^j. ^j^j j^^^ Fircfhips, and received Orders in Torbay the ninth toiookoutfor of September (the very Day he arrived there) to proceed with the vice- Admiral faid Squadton to Capc St. Vincent, on the Coaft ofPortugal, there '1697 being Advice that xht French were gone or going to Sea. The De- fign of his being ordered thus far was to fuftain Vice Admiral Ne- vil, in cale the Galleons ihould have come under his Protection, (for as yet there was not any Account received of his Squadron) as Chap. XXIV. from the Tear 1^88, to 169-]. 5^7 as well as the Trade from Cadiz, and therefore he was diredted, when he arrived off of that Cape, to fend a Frigate to the faid Porr, with Orders to the Coraraauder in Chief of the Ships there to put to Sea within three Days after his Receipt thereof, and join him ; and when he fliould be fo joined he was to make the bcfl: of his Way to Englandi, but if he met with the Cadiz Fleet in his PafTage, he was to return home with them, which he was to do without them, if he received Advice by the detached Frigate that they were iaiied from Cadiz, and that he judged they were paffcd by him. But if, during his Stay off Cape St. Vincent, he met with Vice-Ad- miral Nevil, in his Paffagc from the JFejlIndies with the Galle- ons, he was to accompany them as far as Cadiz. A farther Provi- flon was yet made, that if he met with the Galleons, while the Ca- diz Squadron was in Company with him, he fliould fo dilpofe of the Ships under his Command as might mod contribute to the Secu- rity of both ; but he was hiraiclf to return to England with the Trade. Thcfe Orders the Vice- Admiral communicated to Rear- Admiral The squadron. NaJJau, who having not any at that time from the King, and being '"Jp^^ZiZTs' not vicftualled longer than to the laft of the following Month, he eftecutiy the could not proceed ; nor had the Engl'jh Ships more than for two I^^'ch. Months, if all Species proved good ; and indeed the Scarciry of Pro- vifions did too often, throughout the whole Courfe of the War, ob- ftrudt many Services. But as I (hall not take upon me to blame any particular Perlbn, or Body of Men on this Account, yet (ure I am, that unlefs cffecftual Care be hereafter taken, in time of Aftion^ to have a fufficicnt Stock in a conftanc Rcadinefs to anfwer all un- forefeen Services, England will too loon find the great Inconveni- ences that will attend it. This Scarcity of Provifions being rcprefcnted to the Lords of Thevhe-Ad- the Admiralty, their Lordfhips font him Orders to proceed with the 2'//i,"7r,'. Englijh and 'Dutch Ships, io far towards Cape St. Vincent., in or- ceUfo farto- dcr to meet the Trade from Cadiz, as that he might have left fuf- ■^'■•ardi cape ficicnt to bring him back again ; upon which it was agreed by him- ,'/J""p^„!^ felf and the Dutch Flag-Officer, (who had now Ibpplied his Ships vijions to with fome Provifions) to lail one hundred Leagues S. W. from Scil ^'^'^^Jl"? ly, provided he could reach that Station by the firfl: of October, for ^;' o-lTand no longer would the Vidluals on board ihcDntch permit them to 'he Dutch (lay abroad: But if Wcfterly Winds prevented their doing the fame ^I'^'li^f'ff"' by or before that time, it was thought moft advifeable to proceed „pon. fifty Leagues S. W. from Scilly, there to continue until the eighth oiO£tober, otherwifcto repair twenty eight Leagues W. S. W. from thence, and after lying in that Station until the fifteenth of 0^(?^^r, to come to Spithead. The fevcntccnth the Vice- Admiral received Advice from the nemnvet Captain of the Shre-jvsbury Gaily, that Mr. Nevil had been at, f.f^l"JJli,^i and was returned from the Havana, without the Galleons, or being Nevil. permitted by the Spanijh Governor (b much as to water his Ships there; but having already given a particular Account of that whole Matter, I proceed to inform you, that notvvithftanding the aforefaid 1 Orders 568 NavalTranfa8io7tsoftheEng\iih, Book IV. Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty to Vice- Admiral Mitchell, others were fent to him the eighteenth Day of the fame Month of Augufly to remain no longer at Sea than twenty Days, in Expcdla- He n ordered, jj^j-^ of thc Cud'tz Fleet, whcteupon it was agreed between him and ZaVJeJy" thc l^titcb Flag that thc Squadron Ihould proceed forty Leagues Da-js. W. by S. from Sc'tlly^ and cruife there till thc eighth of October . Thc twenty fourth of September he failed from Torbay with fair Weather, and the Wind at N. W. by N. but bemg off of the Start a- bout ten at Night, it fliifted to the S. and S. S. W. and blew very hard, with much Rain. He was at this time near the Shore, and confequently met with great Difficulty in getting into Torbay, mofl: of the Ships having received confiderable Damage in their Sails. The next Day after his coming to an Anchor he received Orders to re- main there, but the ninth of OEiober other Directions were fent him, h Mi-ed to by an Exprcfs, to proceed to Sea, either with or without the Starcs- comeioTot- Generals Ships, for proteding the Cadiz Fleet, and to continue ^dtJe'd''tTs7a out as long as his Provifions would laft, which it would not do a- a^aia. bovc twcnty cight Days, at two thirds of the ufual Allowance; and thefe laft Orders were fent him upon Intelligence that Mon- fieur Chateau Renault was at Sea with a Squadron, and that di- vers Privateers were lurking up and down the Chanel to pick up our Trade. Thc tenth of OElobcr thc Squadron got under Sail, and thc fif- teenth at Night, about twenty five Leagues N. E. by E. from Scilly, Vice- Admiral the Vicc- Admiral parted with the Ship C^//'«zi«, z'Dutch Eaji-hidia ^l^d^'mJihe Ship called the Najfau, and fome fmall VefTcls bound Southward. Soundings.* Hc continued cruifing from twenty five to forty Leagues S. W. by W. from Scilly until the twenty third, but had not the good Fortune to meet with the Cadiz Fleet; fo that then his Provifions growing fliort, he thought it neceflary to repair to St. Hcleti's, where he an- chored the twenty feventh at Night, and there luckily met him at Sea, and came in Company with him thither, fifteen 'Dutch Eaji- India Ships, which had Ipent almoft all their Provifions, and loft moft of their Anchors and Cables off of the Cape of Good Hope. The Czar of Soou aftct this thc Vice- Admiral attended the Czar of Mufcovy from Muicovy Holland with a Squadron, and, by his Majefty's particular Command, land" "'^"^' he not only accompanied that Prince during the time he continued in this Kingdom, but afterwards carried him back to Holland. Chap. Chap. XXV. from the Tear 1688, to 169 t, 56^ Chap. XXV. Rear-/1d>mral Benbow'5 Proceedings hi the Soundings, avd before Dunkirk, behig the lajl. Expedition of the War J ivith Ohfervations on the whole , and a Compa- rtfon of the Loffes England and France fujlatned in their Naval Force during this War. R Ear- Admiral Beubo'-ju failing from Sptbead the tenth oi A- pril with feven Third Races and two Fircfliips, he cruifed tweucy (even Days between the Latitudes of 50'' and 48'^, 30™, from ten to eighty Leagues from Scilly , but met not with any thing of Note until the third oi May^ when he gave chafe to five French Men of War, but found himielf not able to come up with them. Next Day he was joined by three Third Rates, one Fourth, and one Fifth, bur not any thing remarkable happened until the ninth, and then he faw nine Ships Weftward of him, one whereof leparatcd from the others, to which he gave chafe, the reft made Engiijh Signals, and fome of them proved to be our Men of War bound with the Trade to the Weft-Indies^ which, under the Com- mand of Captain Symonds had been engaged with four of the French King's Ships in the manner following. Fie being on the fifth oi -^f^ Engage- May 1697, with the Norvjichy Chatham^ Sheernefsy Seaford, and I'Zm"^^"'* a Firelhip, in the Latitude 0^49'^ and 13™ about forty eight Leagues commanded from Scillyy met v.irh the iaid French Ships about four in the Morn- ';> ^"^'"'^ ing, with Englijh Colours, the biggcft of them mounting between X'^French" 60 and 70 Guns, another of 50, the third 36, and the fourth about 24. They bore right down upon him, whereupon he fired a Gun for the Seufordy the Firelliip, and his Convoys which were to Wind- ward, to join him, and at fcvcn the French Ships taking in their Engliflj Colours began to fire, the Firelhip by realou of her ill (ail- ing, was foon taken by the two fmallcr Frigates and their Boats, while the two bigger took the Seaford^ after they had firft Ihot down her Main- Yard, and then her Main maft; but finding flic was not able to fwim, they burnt her. The Fight continued very fmartly for two Flours, and then the French gave over, but follow- ed our Ships until the eighth, though not within Gun Ihot, That Morning rhey bore down again, and engaged about three Flours, when leaving off they chafed the Merchant Ships, which at the lie- ginning of the Engagement were taking the ulual Care for their own Security, and in this Adtion our Frigates were lb much diiabled that they were forced to bear up for Tlimouth to refit. The Rear- Admiral endeavoured to intercept the Ships of the En?- The Rear- Jd. my, but having not above twelve Days Provifions at fliort Allow- miraicmesin ancc, was conitraincd to repair to Tortjmouth tor a Supply, not [Zj^-j/l'^; being able to reach 'P/imoiiih, by realbn he chafed a Number of Ships to the Eaftward of that Port, which proved to be S-jvcdes.. D d d d froiUi 5 7 o NavalTranfaBmis of the Englifli, Book IV. from Lisbon. After he had furni{hed himfclf with Provifions, he received Orders from Vice-Admiral Mitchell, rhc twenty firft of May, to proceed again into the Soundings, with four Third Rates and two Firelhips, which were vi6lualled tor no longer than a Month at Ihort Allowance, and from TH/nouth he was to take the ^ngle- fey znATlimouth, if ready, with three ^^yP/Wi^ Ships, which he was to fee well into the Sea. The twenty fourth he failed from St. Helen's, and the twenty fixth in the Morning arrived offofTli- month, where he left Orders for the two Ships beforemcntioncd to Rear-Admi' follow, taking the Medway with him. His cruifing Station was rai Benbow from ten to one hundred Leagues Weft from Scilly, and the general /TsounT Rendezvous forty Leagues W. S. W. from thence, lo that he lay ings. until the fifth of June between the La:itudes of 50''. and 49^, about thirty Leagues Weft of thofe Iflands; but being then driven far in, he lent the Kent to Tlimouth, with the Firelliip in her Com- pany, the former having Iprung her Fore maft, and was fo leaky that one Pump could hardly firee her. However the Weather being more moderate, he proceeded with the three Third Rates one hun- dred and twenty Leagues Weftward of Scilly, and then feeing no Ships of the Enemy, parted with thofe bound to India on the eighth oijnne, in the Latitude of fifty, the Wind at N. W. and be- lieving (fince three Days before the Wind had been Southerly) that the Virginia Fleet were gone for Cape Clear, or lome Part of the Coaft arien, but that they had not formed /i^avouring to any Rcibkitions, being cautious of expofuig themfelvcs to a War gfjt/h at' with Scotland, at a time when they had an entire Fricndfliip with Darien. England. But notwithftanding thefe Ipecious Pretences, they had adtiially icized on two or three of our Merchant Ships, which they defigned to equip in warlike manner, and to employ againfl: the Scotch, in Conjundion with their Jlrmada (as they termed them) at 'Porto Bello, which were no more than three Ships, and they in no better a Condition than commonly thofe of the Spanijh Nation have been known to be, efpecially in thefe latter Times. The Rear- Admiral arrived loon after before Bocca Cbica, at the Entrance of the Harbour of Carthagena, which he judged to be much the better Road, and was defended by a Caftle, whereon were mounted about i6 Guns. There he endeavoured to furnilh the Ships with Water, but meeting with Oppofition from the Governor, he rheKear-Ad- judged it incumbent on him to refent fuch uncivil Treatment, and ""'"' "■^"''^'f' let him know that he would enter the Harbour, and force from canhagena. thence the Engliflj Ships, if he did not immediately fend them out to him. The Governor made frivolous Delays, but yet promifed that if he would get up his Anchors, and come before the Town, the Ships ibould be fent out that very Moment ; for (as he alledg- ed) the Inhabitants were jealous and uncaiy at his blocking up the Harbour. In Expectation that this would be complied with, the Rear Ad- miral did as the Governor had defired, but finding the Ships were ncverthelcfs detained, he taxed him with the Breach of his Word, and gave him to undcrfland that he would alTuredly endeavour to force them out of the Harbour, if they were not immediately dif- patched to him, at which the Governor being fornewhat ftartled, and not caring to abide the Extremity, luffered the Ships to be fee at liberty. The little Quantity of Water which the Spaniards would permit our Ships to take in at this Place, fubjedted the Men to the Belly- ake, to prevent the ill Coniequences whereof the Rear- Admiral Hood away for "Jamaica, and in his Paflage met with an unknown Shoal, about fourteen Leagues Eaftward of the Serrava, which ex- •^" ';"^''7''' ' , p 1. » 1 Shoal taji- tends itlclf N. E. and S.W. abnut nine Miles. wan/ 0/ tht The SoutlTcrmofl part of this Shoal he reprefents to be a Hill of Smana. Sand about the length of two Cables, fuppofed to have been thrown up by the Sea, and that there were on it many Timbers of a Ship feen above Water : a Mile ro the Southward whereof he difcovered a Reef ot Rocks, t) the N. E. of which all the Ground was foul; other shah. nor was there any thing to be feen but a Rock which appeared like E c e c the 578 NavalTranfaBio7is of the Engliih, BookV. He -comes to Jamaica. Proceeds to Porto Bdlo. Sails give way. the bottom of a Long-boat, not far from which he efpied another Wreck, and within two Miles of the aforefaid Shoal, there was not any Ground to be found with I'eventy Fathom of Line. This he ob- ferved to be diftant about fifteen Leagues from a known Shoal call- ed Totnt Tedro, and that it bore from it S. by W. When he arrived at Jamaica, the Governor and mofl: of the tra- ding People rcqucftcd him to (ail to Torto Bello, there to demand from the Spaniards their Ship?, Goods, and Men, which they had wrongfully taken, and that chietly at the Inftance of the Admiral of MnQ Barlovento Fleet, Ships which are employed in carrying Mony from the Havana to pay the Garrilons to Windward, and for the Defence of thofe Parts. To comply with this rcafonable Rcqucft he failed with the Glo- cejier, Falmouth, Lynn, and Saudadoes-'Trize, and arrived at ^orto Bello the twenty fecond of March, having been much hindered in his PafTagc by the Badnefs of the Sails, which frequently gave way ; a Misfortune of the laft ill Conlequencc, and which hath, on other Occafions, too often happened, to the very great Prejudice of the Service. Finding there the Admiral of the Barlovento Fleet, he acquainted him with the reafon of his coming, but was anfwercd roughly, that what he had done arofe from the Attempt the Scotch had made at 'Darien, whofe Intereft and that of England he efteemed to be the fame. Several MefTages pafled between them, but at length he was af- fured that if he would retire from before the Port, the Ships, Men, and Goods fnould be Tent out to him ; but the Dilpute continuing until the twentieth o'i April, and the Rear- Admiral then finding his own Ship very leaky, he failed with her and the Gcrmoon-'Frize, leaving the others before the Place to fee his Demands complied with. Defcription of Hc tcprcfents the F^farbour here to be very commodious, and that theHarbourof \x.\\!zs fortificd with thtcc Caftlcs ; one at the Entrance (which is about half a Mile wide) of i8 Guns, another over the Town, near Gun-fhot from the firft, whereon was twenty Cannon, and the third a Imall old Fort, on which were mounted ii, and in the Harbour was the Spaniflj Admiral bcforementioned, with four Ships from 5-6 to 36 Guns. The Rear- Admiral returning to Jamaica the fifteenth of May, failed thence foon after in the Saudadoes-'Prize , which Ship, in Company of the Falmouth, and Lynn, arrived the Night before from Torto Bello, without having been able to cfl'ed: any thing there, notwithftanding the folemn Promilcs the Spaniards had made. The reafon of his going to Sea with the aforefaid Prize on- ly, v^'as the Intelligence he had received that Kidd the Pirate was hovering about the Coafl ; but when he had for fbme time unfuc- cefsfully fought him, hc returned to Jamaica, and had there Advice that he was near St. 'Domingo. The former Experience he had of the Badnefs of the Sail?, made him doubt they would not well endure the ftrong Gales which fre- * qucntly Porto Bello. 1699. Seekes Kidd without Suc- cefs. Chap. I. from the Tear 1 6 ^S, to 1^12. 575) quenrly happen ar i'uch a Scainn of the Year, and thcrerorc he hired a Sloop, and wich her, and the GerttiooH-'Prize, endeavoured (tho' to no purpolb) ro gain a more certain Account oi Kidd \ but be- fore he left Jamaica, he gave Orders to the Captains of the other a ficond Ships to cruile between the Hie oi'y^Jh, on the Coafl: of Hi/pa/uo- '""'■ /a, and the Eafl. End ot Jamaica, the better to prci'erve the Health of the Men, who are not ib much lubjedt to Sicknels at Sea, as when they are comiuicting Irregularities on ihore. When, afer his returning w Jamaica, the Tick Men were reco- vered, he iailcd with the Glocejter and Maidfione^ and being near the Eafl End oi' Hi/pani'lay was informed oi the Lois of a Sloop near Cape Alta Vela, on the faiJ Illaud, which was the Vcflel wherein Captain Lloyd of the Ffihnotith was lent in qucft oi Kidd, ^''■*'- ^'^°1^ and with her both himlclf and ail the Men unhappily pcnlhed. m /uth ^' At the Rcqucfl: of the Prefidenc of the Coui.cil oi Nevis he fail- drowned. ed ro the iHand Si.Tbomas, inhabited chiefly, if not akoeether, bv '^^'^ ^\"^^-_-f^' _ , . o. ■ t-7-\ I 11 II 111 "1 \ ^ miral [ads to Subjeas ot Denmarky and demanded by what Authority they bcre tu ipofst. the Flag of that Nation on Crabb Ifland, fince it appertained to the "I'^nas. King of England his Mafter. He alio let the Governor know, that it was not agreeable to the Law of Nations to trade with Pi- ^>:poH-datts rates, (if being evident that he had iiiffcred great part of Kidd's ^e'r^J^^f/ Effedts to be landed at that Port) and demanded of him all Sub- Kidd. Jed's of England who were Non refident there. The Governor ieemcd furprizcd at his making any Objedions to the Flag, and in- filled that the Hland whereon it flew was adually the King ofXJeK- mark's. The Port he faid was free, and fince the Brandenbiirgh Fadors had received part of Kidd's Effcdts, he could by no means molefl, bu"-, on the contrary, was obliged to protedt them. He averred that there were not any of the Subjeds of England on the Iflmd, Captain Sharp, a noted Pirate, only excepted, uho was confined for MilJemeanours, and having iworn Allegiance to the King oi 'Denmark, could not juftiliably be delivered up; 'io that the Rear- Admiral was obliged to defift, for his luflrudions did not empower him ro adt in an hoftilc manner. This Ifl.ind of St. Thomas, about twenty Miles in length, is one ^'fc-if''" of of the Wcllcrrqort of thole called the Virgins , lying at the ^^i^Thomis.^' End oi 'Porto Rico. Its Harbour (which is very commodious) is on the South fide, being capable of receiving Ships of any Rank ; and it is well known tiiat the Ifland itfelf hath been, as it now is, a Re- ceptacle for Frec-l3oorers of all Nations. The latter end oi06iober the Rear- Admiral failed from thence, and cruilcd eleven Days between the Weft End oiTorto Rico, and the Euft End oi' Hifpaniola, when ftretching into the Bay oi Sa- mana, he remained there ui.al the eighteenth of November. Four Days after he came before St. "Domingo, and fent in the Maidjlone 'Demands an ro demand an Enqlifh Sloop which the Spaniards hid taken Ibme E^s'iil' •s^? bi 1 ^ • 1 -I 1 at ^t UO- crore ; but in this Cale he got no more Satisfaction than in mingo. the former, wherefore returning ro Jamaica, he had there an Ac- count that the South-Sea C.ijile, atid Biddcford, the one a Fifth, So"-^i'-'==ca the other a Sixth Rate, were loft on Point Bagne, near the Ifle of Bfddetord E e e e z Ajhthft. 58 o NavalTraf?faBio?isofthcEng\i(h, BookV. y4Jh, m their PafTage from England to Jamaica^ occafioned, as ic was generally believed, by their keeping that Shore too clofe oa board in the Night, which, in the Extremity of Weather they met with, they could not dilcngage themlelvcs from ; nor was the Place it{elf fo defcribed then in any ot the Sea Charts, (if at all) as to caution them of the danger. At Jamaica he found a Supply of Provifions from England., which Kutive! Or- hc diftrihutcd amongft the Ships, and loon afrer received Orders to ders to return rctutu homc ; but tixiX to coulult wich thc Govcmor what might be '""'"' done for the publick Service with the Ships under his Command ; and if hc himleU judged it pradicable, he was to range along the Coaft between the Gulph of Florida and Nevjfoundland, to free thole Parts from Pirates. Sailing from Jamaica with the Glocejier., Falmouth^ Lynn, Shoreham, Maidjlone, and Rnfert-'Pr'ize.^ he left the Saudadoes- T'rize and Germoon to attend the Ifland, inftead of the South Sea CajHe zxxABiddeford:, and being near thc Havana, he fent the Fal- mouth home from thence, for ihe was too weak to be trufted in the Seas about New England^ on which Coaft arriving himlelf the Coming to twentieth of April, he found that Kidd had been lent from thence New Eng- jowards England lome time before; for being feized by the Earl of /^L^K^dd Bellomont, Governor of that Country, (who, with other Peribns ■wai fent of Quality, were concerned in the Ship) hc was put on board one home. qJ- q^. F„gates of the Fourth Rate, called the Advice., with confi- derable Riches, but not the Moiety of what he had actually gotten, the Remainder being lodged in the Hands of Peribns unknown, or at lead fuch as could not be come at. Kidd tried This Arch-Piratc had not been long in England e'er he was tried and executed, at a SclTions of Admiralty, held at the Old-Baily, and he, with feveral of his Accomplices, being condemned, they were executed, and expoled in Chains in proper Places on the Banks of the River oi Thames, to deter others from committing the like Villanies. I Kidd tamper- might here take- notice of feveral Palfages relating to this hardened td with. Wretch, but more efpecially as to the great Induftry which was uled to prevail with him to impeach fome Noble Lords wh(>^ were con- cerned in fetting him out, with a Commiflion under the Great Seal, as I have faid before ; but fmce it is fomewhat remote from the Bu- finefs in hand, 1 will leave it with this Remark only, that although Kidd was in other things a notorious Villain, yet he was lb juft in this Particular as not wrongfully to accufe the innocent. HAP. Chap II. from the Tear 1 6^^, to i-j 12. 581 Chap. II. ytce-/ldmhal Aylmer fent wnh a Squadron to the Medi- terranean ; Captain Andrew Leake, and^ alter htm^ Captain Stafford Fairborn to Newfoundland, and Cap" tarn Thoma§ Warren to Madagafcar, BEfides the Ships of War fent to the fFeft-Indies with Rear- Ad- miral Benbo\z\ (from which the Kingdom received do other Adv aiirage than the Proredtion of our Trade from Pirates) there were 0'/;«r st^ua-. other Squadrons employed abroad, viz. one under the Command of '^''"^ /'"^ "■• Vice-Admiral Aylmer * in the Mediterranean., for Securiry of the Trade to Italy and Turky, \\ ho alio confirmed the Treaties with the Governments of Algicr, Tunis., and Tripoli. Captain Andrew Leake ^ and after him Caprain Stafford Fairborn f were ienc ro Ne'-Jufoundlaud for the Securiry of our Fifli^iry there, and for con- ducing them late to the Pores in the Mediterranean and 'Portugal^ and thence home. The latter, in his Paflage up the Levant^ put noo. in at- ThonloN., about the middle oi September, where he was not HTjrh'cfn only civilly cnrcrtain'd by the Marquis of Nejmond, but permitted comes to to view their Magazines and Ships, which were thirty two of the ''''""'on» Line of Battel, three Firefliips, aud as many Bomb-VeHTtls. In his was civilly return he vifired the Prince of Hejfe T>armjlat at Barcelona, who created. was Ibme time before removed from the Vice-Royfhip oi Catalonia (wherein he had given great Satisfaction) to make room for the Count oi 'Talma, Nephew of Cardinal 'Por/'^f^rrfro, which Prelate had been very iuftrumcntal in fetting the Crown of Spain on the Head of the then Duke oi Anjou, Grandfon to the French King, and was the principal occafion of the enfuiug Rupture. Soon after Captain Fairborn arrived at Cadiz, but was obliged ^"'■"^ "> l>»' to haften from thence, for the Spaniards had notice a War was de- -^[^ •^"'^ ^*" clarcd between the T>utcb and them. Another Imall Squadron was feut to the Eaft-lndies under the capt. Warren Command of Captain Thomas Warren, for the greater Security of^^'^'p'^'^^'^ that rich Trade, and lupprefTing Pirates in thofe Parts. He, with ai Madagaf- others, jointly commiflion'd under the Great Seal, had Power to car. treat with that Ncfl: of Sea-Robbers, who were ftrongly fettled on the Ifland of Madagafcar, his Majefty having iffued his Royal De- claratinn of Pardon, if they would furrender themlelves ; but thofe hardened Villains were fo wedded to their loofc Life, that his Ma- jefty's gracious Intentions towards them prevailed but on very icw to \\y hold thereof, nor was it in the Power of our Ships of War ro force them thereunto ; fo that after they had continued a long time in thole Parts, to the no little Expencc of the publick Trca- * Niw Lord Aylmer, and Rear- Admiral c/ England. I Si-ice Kntghltd, and a FLag Officer. •i fure, 582 NavalTnwfacl'wns of the Englilh, Book V. Another Courfe taken with Piriitsi. den fent with feme nhips to Salley. A Contrihu- tio'. for the Redemption of Caf lives. lure, they returned home under the Command of Captain James Littleton *, (for Captain JVarren died Toon after the landing of Sir JVilliam Norris, his M.ijcfly's Ambaffador to x.\-\t Mogul) who had the good Fortune to burn or dcftroy ibmc of the Ships belong- ing to thele Sea Robbers at thole Places abroad where they lurked. And as for Pirates in genera!, his Majefty ibon after iiTucd his Ro\ al Proclamation, (upon a Propoial humbly made by my Iclf) proaii- fing not only Pardon, but a Reward to fuch who would difcover their Ring-leaders, lb as they might be apprehended and brought to Punilhraent; nay even fuch who would voluntarily i'urrendcr them- ftlves were likewifc allured of the King's Mercy ; and this had m a great Meafure the dcfired Eft'cd;; for although few, ornonecaiiie in, yet they grew fo jealous one of another, that rarely any of them attempted to difturb the Seas many Years. Another fmall Squadron was fent before Sallpy^ in the Kingdom of Fez^ under the Coudud of Captain John Munden \ to cruiie a- gainft the Pirates of Barbar)\ but more elpecially thoic of the afore- laid Port, the principal one they have. He was alfo empowered ro negotiate a Truce wich them, and Captain George Ueldvall^ was at the fame time employed to treat for the Redemption of our Cap- tives, wherein he had very good Suxefs. There was a general Contribution throughout £»g/utch 3LXon IFaffenaery to lee the Squadron bound to the IVeJi Indies '''''''^'^^'^-'"'- well into the Sea. ^'' "i^'*'^''"' The Admiral was informed by the Mafler of a Hoy oW o^ Fal- mouth, which came from Breff the twenty ninth ofAugu/l, (where he had been detained a confiderable time) that on the third Day several of the faid Month the St. Efprit of 78 Guns, and the St. Francis Frcn.-h shipt of 5-x, failed to the IVe/i Indies, with a fmall Fi igate, a Firelhip, q'J'J''"" and four large Storelhips, and that the very Day he came our Mon- fieur Chateau Renault put to Sea with three Ships of three Decks, five of 70 Guns each, two of 50, and 'our Frigates from 30 to 40 Guns, three Firefliips, and four Storelhips, all of them viiluallcd for fix Months. He added that the Count 'D'E/frees was arrived at Breji from Cadiz, to command in the Ablence of Monficur Cha- teau Renault, and rhat there were laid up in that Harbour eleven Three Deck Ships, and four of 70 Guns, which they were flripping, and repairing againft the next Summer ; and about a Fortnight be- fore this Mailer of the Hoy came from the laid Port of Breft, there failed from thence two Ships of the firfl Rank, and four others, bound (as it was reported) fox Lisbon, to aflill the King of Tort it- ^.l^'^f^l^Jt' gal in fiting our his Fleer, for then it was lulpcdled that that Prince ,h, ki>s. of would have declared in favour of France. Portugal. Sir George Rooke being ordered, if he found Monfieur Chateau Renault was Iailed fiom Brejt, to cruife with the remahiing part of the Fleet (after the Detachment was made with the fVeJilndia Squadron) in fuch Stations as might be mofl proper for the Security station agreed of the Ibveral Trades expedcd from foreign Parts, it was relblved ^^^J"'^^'"' " by a Councd of Flag- Officers to cruife in the Latitude of 49''' ^'^'* BC"- between twenty and fifty Leagues from the Iflauds of Scilly ; but as they were of Opinion it was not fafe to keep the great Ships at Sea after the tenth of September, fo did they, for that realou, reiolve to repair then towards St. Helens, or indeed fooner, if the Wmds happened to fet in, and to blow hard Weflerly. J Having 5^0 NavalTranfaEfwns of fl^Yw^Wih, BookV. Having therefore ciuilcd to the Excnc ot that time, the Admiral left the Station, and beat up leveral Days between the Start and Tlimouth, to prevent his being forced into the Sound, a dangerous The fleet re- Place fot Ships of that Magnitude; inl much that he arrived not t^n$ to St. ^j. gj //^/(_.//s \xx\n\ the rweniicrh of September, and then received Orders to come with the great Ships to the TDo'-Juns, the TDntcb be- ing already gone to Spithead, after they had paid the Complement ot a Salute, a thing which is ulna! ac the end of an Expedition. This Year's Service ar home ending thus, I return to the Squa- dron fent to the JVefl-lndus under the Comtaand of Vice Admiral Benbow, and Ihall give a particular Account of Affairs in thoic Parts, before I enter on any rhing which happened in the Chanel, or clfe- where, that fo the fame may appear ac one View. Chap. V. Contam'tng an Account of T^ tee -Admiral Benbow'5 Fro- ceedtngs in the Weft-Indies (and particularly his en- gaging a Squadron of French Ships m thofe Parts) tdl the time of his Death, when the Command devolved on Rear-Admiral Whetftone. 1701. T T Ice- Admiral Benbow parted with Sir George Rooke ofT of \ Scilly the fecond of September, and had then with him not only his own proper Squadron, but the other Englijh and T)utch Ships before- mentioned, which were detached to fee him part of his way ; but from the third to the ninth it blew extreme hard, which occafioned the Lofs of many Sails and Top-mafts. On the twenty eighth he made St. Mary's, (one of \\\t Azores., Terceras, or Weftern Iflands) when calling the Flag- Officers and Captains on board, he communicated to them his Inftrudions, who thereupon came to a Refolution to cruile between the Lati- tudes of ^6\ 30"", and sj'', 30"", about twenty Leagues Weft- ward of the faid Ifland, and not to go Eaftward of it un- til they could get better Intelligence, for procuring whereof he feat a Frigate to St. Alichael's, and the 'Dutch detached two of Mtafurts ta- thcits to St. Marfs. Ours brought an Account that the Tortu- Utence.'""' ^af/? were under great Apprehensions of a War, and that they daily expedcd their Brazil Fleet at the Terccras. The Captains of the ^Dutch Frigates (which returned the fourth of O£foberj re- lated, that on the twenty eighth of Angtifl, O. S. there pals'd by St. Mary's thirty two Ships, part of them the Span'tjh Flota, and the rert French Ships of War, with a Rear- Admiral, whereupon the Flag- Officers were conlulted; but fincc they could not give entire Credit to the Report , it was agreed to ftaud as far Weftward as s Flores [Arrives at the Ifie of St. Mary'j. Chap.V. fro?n theTe/rr 16S9, to i-] 12. 5^1 Flares and Corvo, with the firfl: Opportunity of an Eafterly Wind, and to cruifc between the Latitudes of 37 and 35- Degrees. On the fifth they made fail, and continued fo until the tenth, when the Beer in thofe Ships which were with Sir John Munden sir John being in a great meafure expended, the Vice- Admiral gave him Or- ^^""-^1. ders to make the beft of his way to England, and proceeded him- ^vue'-Umirai felf with his proper Squadron towards xhc I f^eji- Indies^ which be- L^enbow, ing compofed of two Third Rates, and eight Fourths, he arrived with them at Barbadoes the \i\\\x(\ oi November, having not met "^^3 "j''"']"' any thing remarkable in his PaHage ; and here he left a Fourth ^' ^' ^ ""' Rare to follow the Governor's Orders till another arrived from and England. Coming to Martinica the eighth of the next Month , after he Martinica. had ran down fairly in view of all the French Fortifications, and Ports, where were feveral Merchant Ships, but no Men of War, he found them under great Apprehenfions of a Rupture, and that they were bulying themielves in fortifying the Ifland, whereon (as was reported) they had three thouland Whites, and daily expected a Squadion from France. The next Day he came to an Anchor in Prince Rupert's Bay, where he fupplied himfelf with Water, and other Refrefhments. It is on the N. W. End oi 'Dominica , which is inhabited chiefly by Indians, who (by reafou of their Neighbourhood to and Inter courie with the French Iflands on each fide of them) generally fpeak that Language ; and as they were very friendly to our People , Ho was the like Civility ihewn to them. ThcVice- Admiral arriving 2xNevis,{o\xr\(\ xh&Lee'ward\i\^nds in fo ^^ Benbow good a Condition as not to want any immediate Afliftance from him ; tomes to ja- Ib that he left them, and proceeding to Jamaica, arrived there the maica. fifth oi 'December, and anchor'd in Tort Royal Harbour, where he found two of our Ships, the one a Fifth, and the other a Sixth Rate. The Inhabitants of this Ifland expecting War , w'ere provid- ing the bcfl they could for their Defence ; and about twenty Days before Mr. Benbow arrived, there were fcen off of Cape Si.ylntonjy on the Weft End of Cuba, five French Ships ; but there being no certain News of the Flota from the Havana, he hired a Sloop, and fent her to dilcover whether they were ftill there. Within few Days he had notice from a Sfanijh Sloop that the ^^^ Spanirti Flota were at La Vera Cruz, the Mony ready to be put on board, y "^^^ r ^^ and that twelve French Ships of War lay at the Havana ready to convoy them home ; and in January he was informed that this Squadron was augmented to fixteen ; that Monfieur Cotlongon was made Captain-General, and Commander in Chief of the Spanijh Maritime Forces in thofe Parts, and that the Flota was daily ex- pected at the Havana. Towards the latter end oi January Brigadier-General Selwyn ar- no^- rived at his Government of Jamaica, and with him one Fourth, ^°'!l"lZ^lj one Fifth, and one Sixth Rate, a Borab-VcfTel, a Hulk, a Firefhip, at Jamaica. and three VefTcls with Naval Ordnance Stores. By thcfe Ships the Vice- Admiral had Advice that a French Squadron arrived at Mar- tinica 592 N avalTranf anions of the^ngWih, BookV. French s^«<«- titttca abouc two Months before, and that they were confidcrably flt/-i.» ar Mar- j^j.Qpgef j^an ours , which put the Governor and Council of Ja- ""'"■ maica under fuch Apprehcufions, that they provided, at their own Expence, two Firelhips for the better Safety of the Ifland. The beginning of March the Vice- Admiral was informed that Monfieur Cotlotigon (who commanded the French Squadron at the Havana) had joined Monfieur Chateau Renault zx. Martinica, and Barbadoes4- that they were put to Sea. This alarmed Barbadoes, (tor there Urmed. they had alfo notice of it) and the more fo, becaule we had nothing in thofe Parts (elpecially of Sea-Force) which could oppofe the French. Not long after this there was Intelligence that the French Squa- dron had been feen off of the S.W. End of Torto Rico, rhe latter ^n<\oi February.) in Number forty Sail, with three Flags; but fince it could not be entirely depended on, a Sloop was fent up the South, and down the North fide of Hifpaniota, to look into all the Bays and Harbours. ThisVeffel proceeded as high as Torto Rico, and round the Ifland oi H'tfpaniola, and looked particularly in at Sa- manay but fleering along the Shore off of Logane, a large Ship gi- ving her chafe, forced her to Leeward. The next Day, near Tetit- Guavas., (he met with z. French Sloop, and learnt from her that MonfteurCVz- Mouficur Chatcau Renault was then in the Gulph of Logane with teau Renault thirty Ships of Wat, and that he had Ibine time before ient ten of 'of'tlo^ll^ the biggeft Ships home: But though their Strength was indeed con- fiderable in thofe Parts, yet did it not amount to what was report- ed of them. Governor ^t\- The beginning o'i April Governor Selwyn died, who was defer- vi'^ndits,much ycdly Very much efteemed by the Inhabitants of Jamaica ; for du- lamented. ^.j^^^ ^j^^ ||j.^jg ^-^^^ y^^ j^^j ^^^^^ thcrc, he lliew'd great Care and Zeal for the Good and Defence of the Ifland, infomuch that his Lofs occafion'd a general Grief. Although there was at this time a great want of Men in the Squadron, yet the Vice- Admiral determined (fince he had no farther Account of the FrenchJ to fail the beginning of May hciwc^a Ja- maica and Tetit-Guavas, not only for the Prefervation of the Health of thofe he had , but to inform hirafelf of Affairs in thofe Parts, having not yet received Advice from England whether there Rear-Admi- vvas Peacc Or Wat. Accordingly he failed (xom Jamaica the eighth ftone/ll^i oi May, but before he got clear of the Ifland he met with Rear- Afr.Benbow. Admiral JVhetJlone, with whom he returned, to communicate to the Government feme Orders received from England, having firft lent the Falmouth, Ruby, and Experiment to cruifc off of 'Petit' Guavas. 1701. He had Advice about the middle of May, that on the feven- ^+ NavaITra?jJac(ionsoftheEng\i{h, BookV. not convenient to run io great a Hazard for lb fmall a Matter, but continuing in the Bay until the (ccond of ^//^»/?, ftretchcd from one end of the inhabited part thereof to the other, thereby fa- tieuiu'^ the People, who were apprehenfive that he would land, \vhich his Circumftances would by no means permit him to do. Some little time after he arrived in a Bay at Cape Tionna Mariuy on the Weft End of Hifpan'iola^ a very convenient Place for Water, from whence he lent the Colchejier to cruile on the North, and the Experiment and Tendemiis on the Eaft End of Jamaica : And being informed that Mondeur 'Dn Cafs was gone to Carthagenay and bound from thence to Torto Bello, he relblvcd to lail to that Coaft with two Thirds and four Fourth Rates, Rear- Admiral Whet- Jione (who had taken a French Ship of War of i8 Guns, and two Sloops in his Cruile) being now at Jamaica^ with neceflary Orders for the Security of that Ifland. Afr.Benbow The tenth Day oi Angujt he failed from Cape 'Donna Maria^ and faiu fromcape ^x&tching ovcr towards the Coaft oi Santa Martha y he, on the ^°"^^*^g^"j^ nineteenth in the Evening, difcovered ten Sail near that Place, Manila, Standing towards them, he loon found the greateft part were French ""^ Ships of War, whereupon making the uliial Signal for a Line of Bat- tilTiVitlch tel, he went away with an ealy Sail, that io his fternmoft Ships ships. might come up and join him, the French fleering Weftward along Shore, under their Top iails. They were four Ships from 60 to 70 Guns, with one great Dutch built Ship of about 30 or 40, and there was another full of Soldiers; the reft imall ones, and a Sloop. Our Frigates aftern were a long while coming up, and the Night advancing, the Admiral fteer'd a- long {\^toi^Q French y but although he endeavour'd to near them, yet he intended not to make any Attack until the ^Defiance was Our ships en- gottcn abrcaft of the headmoft. Before he could reach that Station gage the fj^g Falmouth (which was in the Rear) attempted the Dutch Ship, French, ^j^^ IVtndfor the Ship abreaft of her, as did alio the Defiance ; and **' focn after the Admiral himlelf was engaged, having firft received the fome did not Fitc of the Ship which was oppofite to him ; but the Defiance and thtir Dut-j. ff^itid/or ftood no more than two or three Broadfides e'er they Juft out of Gun-lhor, inlbrauch that the two fternmoft Ships of the E» nemy lay upon the Admiral, and gauled him very much ; nor did the Ships in the Rear come up to his Aftiftance with that Diligence which might have been exped:ed. From four a Clock until Night the Fight continued, and though they then left off' firing, yet the Mr Benbow Admiral kept them Company ; and being of opinion that it might ttiiitu pur- be better for the Service if he made a new Line of Battel, and led Difp'/ition. " himielf on all Tacks, he did fo, but all to little purpofe, although the Enemy feemed rather to decline than renew the Engagement. The twentieth, at break of Day, he found himielf very near the French Ships, but that there were not any more of his Squadron up with him than the Rnbyy the reft being three, four, and five Miles aftern ; and it was Ibmewhat lurprizing that the French, when they had the Flag himlelf within their Reach, were ib good natur'd as not to fire one Gun on him. At Two in the Afternoon they i drew Chap.V. from theTear \6^%, to 1J12. 5^5 drew into a Line, but yet made what Sail they could from ourSqua- •'\^'-- Benbow dron, ho\vc\cr the Vice Admiral's own Ship and the RuSry j^ept '""^ ""' ^^'^ 1 ^ II XT I I • 1 • 1 r i^ -^ r more engages them Company all Nighr, plying their chaie Guns. thf French. Next Morning early he was on the Quarter of the fccond Ship of the Enc ny's Line, within point blank Shot, but the Ruiy being ahead of him, llie fired at her, as the other Ship alio did which was ahead of the Flag, who engaging that Ship which firfl: attack'd the Ruby, plied her To warmly, that Ihe was forced to tow of?^ and he would have followed her wirh more Ipecd, had he not been obliged to ftay by the Ruby, for fhe was very much fhatter'd in her Mails, Sails and Rigging. This Adtion continued almoft two Hours, du- ring which time that Ship of the Enemy's which was in their Rear, happened to be abreft of the Ticfiance d.xAW'tndfir , and tvQ.n captam cf within Giin-fhot, but (as it was credibly reported) their Captains Defiance fl»^^ Englifh Ships being at Icaft three Miles aftcrn ; notwithftanding which the ^'forTer"""^ French appeared to be very unealy, for they did often, and very confuledly too, alter their Courle between the Weft and North. Next Morning they were about fix Miles ahead, and the great T>utch Ship ftood away at a confiderable Diftance from them, when fome of our Squadron (particularly the 'Defiance and Wmdfor) were four Miles aftern of the Flig; but the French tacking about ten a Clock, with the Wind at E. N. E. the Vice- Admiral fetched within point blank Shot of two of them, and each gave the other his Broadfide. The Rnhy, by reafon of her Defcd:s, was fcnt to 'Jamaica to re- ihe Ruby fit, and the reft' of the Ships now mending their pace, they were A^y^" J^- all fairly up with the Vice Admiral about Eight at Night, the Ene- my being then near two Miles off There was now a Prolpedl of G g g g 1 doipg 5^^ NavalTranfa£lionsofthcEng\i(h, BookV. doing lome Service, and Mr. Benbow himfelf made the bcft of his way after them, but all the Ships of his Squadron, except: iht Fal- somi oj the moutht fclI mucH aftcrn again. At Twelve the French began to Ic- Engiifticj;- parate, and he fleering after the ftcrnmoft, came lb near her at Two T"\e-' D°!i '" ^^^ Morning, that he fired his Broadfide, and round and partridge Shot from his upper Tire of Guns, which ihc French Ship returned very briskly, and about three a Clock the Admiral's right Leg was jifr.Benbowv unhappily broken by a Chain ftiot. The Skirmifli continued until nghtLegbro- j^ ^^^^^ Day light, when there was difcovered a Ship of about 70 Guns with her Main and Fore-top-fail Yard difabled, and her fides very much torn by our double-headed Shot. The Falmouth afllfted well in this Ad:ion, but no other Ship, and no fooncr was it Day French hear jh^Q ttig French came towards our Squadron with a ftrong Squall ill"."""*'' of an Eafterly Wind. At this time the Tendennis, JVindfor, and Greeti'wich flood ahead of the Enemy towards the Vice Admiral, and bore to Leeward of the difabled Ship beforemenrioned, but paf- fed by herj after firing their Broadfides, and flood Southward, with- out any regard to the Line of Battel. ThQ'DefaJice followed them, and running alio to Leeward of the faid difabled Ship, fired Ibme of her Guns ; but when there had been no more than twenty re- shamfuiBe- jurn'd, her Commander put her Helm a- weather, bore away before ^fom/oftii the Wind, lovver'd both her Top-fails, and ran down towards the Engiiih Cap- Falmouth, which was even then above Gun-fhot to the Leeward of tains. ji^g Admiral. The Enemy feeing thefc Ships flretch away Southward, expected that they would tack and fland with them, for which reafbn they brought to with their Heads Northward, at about two Miles di- ftance, the Vice- Admiral being within HalfGun-lhot of the difabled Ship ; but the French perceiving that thofe three Ships did not tack, as they had reafon to think they would have done, they bore down upon our Flag, and running between him and their iliattered Ship, gave him all the Fire they could ; nor was there at this time any of his Ships near him, for they were in a hurry, and fhewed as little regard to Difcipline as they did to their own Honour. The Captain to the Admiral fired two Guns at thofe Ships ahead, to put them in mind of their Duty, but the French feeing the great Dif- order they were in, brought to, and lay by their dilabled Ship, re- mann'd her, and took her in a tow. When the Vice Admiral's tatter'd Rigging was repaired. Orders were given to chafe the Enemy, who were at leafl three Miles to Leeward, fleering N. E. the Wind at S. S. W. but our Ships conti- nued to run to and fro very confufedly. The Flag being under great Uneafincfs at fuch fcandalous Proceedings, commanded the Captain of the T^efiance on board of him, who, in a very odd manner, en- deavoured to difTuade him from renewing the Engagement, fmcc he had (as he alledged) tried the Enemy's Strength fix Days together The Engiifli With fo ill Succcls : And the other Captains being likewife called, captaim of ^^ ffiofl of them wefc of opinion that it was not advilcable to comi- 7i"e'w the nue the Fight, although they were at this very time on the Enemy's light. • Broadfides, with the faircfl Opportunity of Succcfs that had yet of- fer 'd : Chap.V. froi7i the Tear i^^8, to 1112, 5^7 fer'd : Bcfidcs our Strength was one Ship of 70 Gun5, one of 64,, one of 60, and three of 50, their Mafts, Yards, and all things elfc, in as good a Condition ias could be expected, and not above eight Men killed, except thofe in the Vice- Admiral's own Ship; nor was there any want of Ammunicion ; whereas the Enemy had no more than four Ships from 60 to 70 Guns, and one of them in a tow by realon of her being difabled in her Mafts and Rigging. The Vice- yice- Admiral Admiral finding himlclf under thele Difappointments, thought \t tl^„°7o"Z high time to lerurn ro Jamaica, where he loon ifter joined the maica. reft of his Squadron with Rear- Admiral Whetjlone. Thele French Ships with Monfieur ©« Cafs carried from the An Account Groyne the Duke oi Albuquerque ^ with a confidcrable Number of^^'^"^^'^"*^^ Soldiers, who was icnt from his Employment of Vice-Roy oi An- ^ daliijia to rcfide in thar Qualicy in Mexico^ and part of them were the very lame which gor into the Groyne^ when fome of our Ships were cruifing in thole I'arts under the Command of Sir John Mun- den to intercept them, of which I fliall give a particular Account, when I can enrcr thereon without entangling it with this Tranladi- on in xhc JVcji-lndies. This French Squadron , which at firft was compoled of eight Ships of War, and iburtcenTranfports, touching at Torto RicOy lup- plied thcmielves with Wood and Water, and afer three Days (lay proceeding Weftward, they feparated ofT of the Eaft End of Hijpa- niola, which was about the tenrh o? AttgiiJI; the Vice-Roy running down the North fide thereof foi- La Vera Cruz with two of the Men of War, one of 70, and the other of 60 Guns ; Monfieur Z)« Gafs with the other fix, and three Tranfporrs, bent his Courfe along the Sou^h fide, with five hundred Spanifh Soldiers, and ftopp'd at St. 'Domijtgo ; bur making little or no (lay there, failed for Rio de la Hacha, where he lay not above two Hours, but leaving two Ships of War, one of 50, and the other of 40 Guns, to fettle the ./^ Jiento for Negroes, fteercd towards Carthagena and Vorto Bella to land his Forces. The twentieth of September the Tork and Norwich arrived ar Jamaica, bringing a necclTary Supply of Stores and Provifions ; and as loon as rhe Vice Admiral could have Matters got in Readi- nefs for trying at a Courc Martial thole Captains who had io lean- daloufly failed in the Performance of their Duty, he ordered Rear-* Admiral Whetjlone to examine thoroughly thereinto, chufing rather lb to do , (though he had not Authority to delegate his Power to another) than to fit as Prefident of the Court himlelf ; and after le- veral Days were fpent in examining Witnefles, and hearing what the Priibncrs could allcdge in their own Juftification, rhe Captains of the T>efiance and Greenwich received Sentence of Death, which was ^^^^ ^^ ,^, not put in Execution until they arrived in the Brijtol at Tlimouthy Fngiift cap- aboard which Ship they were Ihot ; for the Orders fent from hence """'/'""": II 1 rv • <-M-ii /-\ L rj/' Jr ^'^ te Death. did not come timely to Jamaica. The Captain or the IVinaJor was calhiercd, and Icntcnccd to be imprilbncd during her Majefty's Picaiiirc ; he who commanded the Tendennis died before the Trial, othcrwife he would, in all Probability, have received the lame Sen- tence 5^8 NavalTra7ifa8ionsofthe Englifh, BookV. tcnce as thofe of ihQ 'De^aace znd Green'-uvkb ; and the Vice- Ad- miral's own Captain, with the Commander of the Fa/mouth were Tufpended, for figniug to the Paper drawn up and deHvcred by the others, wherein they gave their Realbns for not renewing the En- saf^ement; but he having reprelented that thofe two Gentlemen had behaved themfelves very well in the Adtion, the Lord High- Admi- ral was pleafed to fend Orders for their being employed again. As I have forborn mentioning the Names of thofe two unhappy Gentlemen who fuffered, (one of whom on other Occafions had didinguiflTed himfelf) more for the Sake of their Relations than any other ConfiJeration, fb thus much may be obfcrved as to Vice-Ad- obfervathn ^^^^\ B^nboisSs Condud ; that aUhough he was a good Seaman, and toWsCm- a gallant Man, and that he was qualified, in moft refpedts, to com- ^'*^- mand a Squadron, efpecially in the Wejt- Indies^ in which Parts of the World he had had long Experience, yet when he found his Cap- tains fo very remifs in the Perlormance of their Duty, I think he ought, in point of Difcretion, to have fummoned them, (and even that at firft) on board his own Ship, and there confined them, and placed their firft Lieutenants in their Rooms, who would have fought well, were it for no other Reafon than the Hopes of being contiuucd in thofe Commands had they furvived. vkt-Aimtrii -j-j^^ fourth oi Novembcr the Vice- Admiral died, the Pain which en ow .es, ^^ j^i^Qured Under, and hisUneafmeis for other Misfortunes, having and for fome time before thrown him into a deep Melancholy, \o ft"^^" foOT^'' ^^^^^ ^^^ Command of the Squadron fell on Captain IVhetJfone, who mands the had adtcd before as Rear- Admiral. He made what Difpatch he could Squadron. jq putting the Ships into a Condition for the Sea, and then leaving Part of them for Security of the Ifland, he cruiied with the Re- mainder upon the North and South Sides oi H'tjpaiiiola., but could not get any other News of the Enemy, than that Monfieur du, Cafs with eight Ships of War had been for lome time at the Ha- "vana. i-jox. I cannot here pafs over a melancholy Accident; which is this. A Fin at Qq ^\^q n:nth of February a Fire broke out in the Town of 'Port- PortRoya. j^gy^i^ q^ the Ifland oi 'Jamaica^ which between Noon, and twelve at Night, laid the whole Place in Afhes; for little or nothing cfca- ped the Fury of the Flames but the two Fortifications. Several of the Inhabitants were burnt, the major Part of their Stores and Goods deftroycd, and what was laved was by the Induftry of the Seamen. The Rear Admiral feeing them in this deplorable Condition, put forth a Declaration, and, as he thereby proraifcd, entertained, and relieved many of them on board her Majcfty's Ships, till iiich time as they could be otherwife provided for. The Beginning of February the Ship Gofport arrived at "Jamaica from Ncu;- England with a Imall Supply ofProvifion?, and when the Rear- Admiral had taken on board the Company of Soldiers which Governor Dudley had railed in that Colony, and fent by her, he difpatched her back to Bojlon to follow the laid Governor's Or- ders. m Chap. Chap. V'I. from the Tear 1698, to 1712. 599 Chap. VI. Contam'wg an Account of Sir William Whetftone'^, Cap- tain Hovenden Walker's, and fAce-AdmiralGid^jdiOZi's Proceedings in the Weft- Indies. I Should indeed, according to Courfe of Time, have given you an Accouur, e'er now, of what happened nearer Home, and of Sir George Rooke's Expedition, with a Fleet of Engli/h and 'Dutch Ships ro Cadiz, ; bur, for my former Reafons, I will firfl: bring this Weji- India Squadron to England^ and thofe which were lent to join them. Let it therefore liifficc, at preienr, that I acquaint you, Sir George Rooke, in his Return from Cadiz, did (purluant to Orders he received from her Majefty, dated the leventh oi June ijox) di- not. red: Captain Hovenden JValker * of the Burfordt to proceed with ^'^^ ^^°jf° that Ship, and five more Third Rates, together with ten Tranfports, taches cap- to BarbadoeSy and there, or in lome ot the Leeward IJlands^ to "J!» Walker difembark the four Regiments, amounting to near four thoufand ^rln V'thr Men, which were on board the laid Traniports and the VTen of War. Weft-lndies. He was diredted to continue in thole Parts, and for the Defence of the Ifland o^ Jamaica^ till farther Orders; and, for the better en- abling him fo to do, to advifc from time to time with the rcfpe r.g Squadron oi Ships to lie ib long in the JVeJl-lnd'tes, with- ou. a real Piofpcd: o^' any confiderable Service from them, elpeci- aliy A .^n other neccflary occafions very often required their being much nearer home, and too often fuffered for want of them. Chap. VII. The Earl of Pembroke, Lord High- Admiral, fends a fmall Squadron to bring the Effects of the Englifli Mer^ chants from Cadiz , upon Sufpicton of a War : IVith the then Naval Preparations of the French. BEfore I proceed farther, fuffer me to inform you, that his Ma- Eadofftmi jefly revoking the Lertcrs-Pa'-ents to the Lords Commiflioners •'foke rt/-- 01 .he Admiralty, appointed Thomas Earl oiTembroke and Mont-^^"^h-Admi~ gomery ^ Lord High Admiral of England and Ireland ^ and of all rd. his foreign Plancations; a Peribn who, bcfides thei:lonour which he derives from his noble Ancedors, is Mafter of nflany extraordi- nary Virrucs. His Lordfliip at the beginning, and towards the end of the laft War, prefided at the Board of Admiralty, when it was in Commilfion, where, as well as in the Office of Privy-Seal, hisTranf' adtions as one of the Plenipotentiaries for the Treaty of Peace at Ryf" "sj'ick , and in that honourable Poll of Prefident of his Majefty's Council, (from which he was called to that of High-Admiral, and to which he returned) he gave remarkable Inftances of his Zcai to the Publick Service. No" 6oS NavalTranfdBiomoftheEnglifh, BookV. No fooner did this noble Lord enter on his important Truft, than he diligently applied himfelf to the Execution of it, and in fuch a manner as niiL^ht mofl conduce not only to the Good of the Nation in ^^encral, but to the Trade, both at home and abroad, in parti- cular, wherein he had the good Fortune to give a general Satisfac- tion; but he continued not a full Year in this Employment, for King //^///mw dying, and Queen ^mie fucceeding to the Throne, princeGeorge hcrAlajcfty was pleafed to conftitute to that great and troublefome cotiftituted office, her Royal Confort, Prince George of T)enmark., to affifl: ^'Mmw'aC him wherein he was empower'd under the Great Seal to appoint iiich Pcrlbns as he judged nioft proper to be his Council ; and on the Death of his Highnels, the Earl of Tembroke (who had been (omc time before Lord Lieutenant of the Kingdom o'i Ireland) was re- called to the Office of Lord High- Admiral, which he held not alto- gether lb long as he had done before ; for in Ids than twelve Months time it was put into Commiflion , his Lordfliip defiring to refign, forefecing inliipportable Difficulties, by reafon not only of the great Arrear of Wages then due to the Seamen, but in many other Parti- culars. It being thought that a War would fuddenly break out, his Lord- fliip confider'd how the Effe<5ts of our Merchants at Cadiz, but more el'pecially what fhould be brought thither by the Fleet from New-Spahu might be in the belt manner iecurcd, and thereupon appointed three Frigates, the beginning of November, to proceed 1701- under the Command of Captain Edmund Loades, to take rhofe Ef- somt sh'ips fe6ts on board, and bring them to England \ but he was cauiioned /'"' '" ^^^^'^ not to go in, but only to cruilc between Cape St. Mary's nnd Cape 'the ^M^r- '""^ Spartell, until he iliould be certainly informed that the Fhta were chanti r.f- arrived in the Bay of Cadiz,, nor even then to go in, if a Rupture '"^^" happened, but rather to lie in a proper Station, if the M^-tchants found they could fend their Money to him by Barcalongos, or o- thcr fmall Embarkaiions. If this could not be done, he was lb to place the Ships under his Command, as that they might moft probably meet with the Con- voys coming with M.x.Graydon honx Ncjufoimdland ; and if he inflrutiionito had notice that any Number of French Ships were cruifiug about the ships fent Cape Sc. Vincent, he was to endeavour to keep Weftward of them, to Cadiz. gj^j j^^j Qjjiy J.Q gjyg jyjj. Qfaydott noticc thereof, but to deliver un- to him Orders, whereby he was dire<5l:ed to confult with the Ma- kers of the Ships under his Convoy, and then to iee the Trade to fbmc Port on this fide the Mouth of the Strcights, or home, if that rtiould be judged moft proper ; and for their greater Security, Cap- tain Loades was ordered to accompany them with the Ships under V his Command, in cafe they came home, bur if they put into any Port of 'Portugal, or proceeded up the Streights, he was then to make the bed of his way to England. Neverthelels, if the Merchants judged they could fend to him their Effedis, and, for that realbn, ihould defire him to lie in a conveni- ent Station, or to come into the Bay of Cadiz, he was to do it with two of the Ships under his Command, and to fend the third * to Chap. VII. from the Tear i^5>8, to 1712. 1^09 to look out for, and give the bcforeraeution'd Notice to the Com- mander of the Newfoundland Convoy ; and fince it was uncertain whcrherWar might be declared before he came home, he was or- dered, if it \o happened, to endeavour to take, fink, or dcftroy a- ny of the Ships of France or S^ain which he might happen to meet with. At this time her Majefty had at Cadiz a confiderable Qiiantity of Naval Stores, which Captain Loades was ordered to bring home, together with the Store- keeper at that Place, but not being able to f^'""l^i.'jX take on board the whole, there was a NecefTity of felling the reft to from Cadil the Spaniards much under their real Value ; and foon after this, a Ship was ibnt to take out of the Bay of Cadiz the two Hulks made ule of the lafl: War tor careening our Ships, and left there upon con- cluding the Peace, that lb neither the French^ nor Spaniards^ might have the Advantage of them. This Service was cff'edlually perform- ed, for they were put into a Condition to lail, in order, as it was given out, to be brought to England % but fince it was not poflible to bring them home, by realbn they were cut down fo very low, the Captain of the Frigate funk them at a convenient Diftance from the Port of Cadiz, as his Inftrudtions required him to ^o. Captain Loades iailed with the Ships under his Command on the ^^^'Vwl!? aforemention'd Service, and the nmeteenth of OSfoberijoi. came to lo ami from his intended Station fix Leagues S. S. E. from Cape Sn. Mary's, meet- Cadn. ing Mr. Graydon i'omc few Days after, with his Convoys ftomMew- foundland, to whom he deliver'd the Inftrudlions^Avhich he carried out for him. Not many Days after, he was conftrained, by a ftrong Wefterly Wind, to anchor in the Bay oi Bulls, the Road to, the City oi Ca- diz, and though the Englijh Merchants, both there and at Port St. Mary's, were very well latisfied with the care that was taken of them, yet had they no confiderable Effedts to fend home. While he lay here, three French Flag-ihips in the Bay of Cadiz made the Three Fiag- Signal for weighing, whereupon all our Frigates flood out to Sea, ^^'^'."ca^Jj^. to prevent an lulult, and cruifing until the feventh of November^ they returned to the Bay of Bulls, the aforcfaid Flags being flill in the Port ; but Captain Loades believing they would fail with the frclli Eafterly Wind which then blew, flood out to Sea again. Thefe Flag Officers tailed four Days after, with about twenty fix Ships more, and flood Wellward, upon which our Frigates returned to the Bay of Bulls the next Day, and remaining there till the fix- teenth of December, Captain Loades having firfl acquainted the Fad:ory that his want of Provifions would oblige him to fail by the beginning oi 'January, at farthefl, he came fox England, when each of the three Ships under his Command had taken in upwards of fix- ty thouland Pieces of Eight, mofl of which was upon account of the Old and New Eaji-lndia Companies, but more efpecially the former, tor Money was at that time lb tcarce at Cadiz, that the Merchants could fpare but very httle until fuch time as the Flota arrived. I ill Th« 6io NavalTranfa£tions of theEnglifh, BookV. The Count TyEjlrccs had lain all the Summer above the ^un- tals with twenty three French Ships from ico to 50 Guns, and the latter end ot OBober he was joined by Monficur Chateau Re- The 'dumber iiault {lom Lisbou , with fourteen more, from 50 to 80 ; befides o/Fiench vvhich there were eight Firefhips, four Bomb-VcfTcIs, and feveral sh^l>! at ca- gj^jpg ^^ j^h Stores and Provifions, making in all about fevcnty Sail. The firft of November the faid Count 'D'EJfrees failed for Thou- ion with leven Men of War, all of them, except one, having three Count T)'E- Decks, and flie mounted about 50 Guns. He carried with him four ftrces failed Bomb- Vcflels, and as many Firefliips, befides Storelhips, and Vidlu- for Thou on. ^jj^j.g^ jjj^j jj^ jj^jg Squadron was tranfported tromC^^/2;, Gibraltary and Malaga^ one thoufand five hundred Spanijh Soldiers, defigned (as was reported) from Thonlon to Naples. In the Ablence of Count lyEfirees^ Monficur Chateau RenauU commanded in Chief, with a Vice- Admiral's Flag, ^lon(\Qm Nejmond Monfimr torc that of a Rear- Admiral, and there were two other Flags flying Chateau Re- with Swallow Tails, one of which was Monfieur T>e Rel'wgue. The nauit com- jsjujjjber of Freuch Ships then in the Bay were about thirty, of diz. which four had tnrce Decks, the relt or 56, 60, and 76 Guns, and as five of them were preparing for a long Voyage , according to their manner of vidiualling, fo it was judged they were defigned for the IVeJi-Indies^ not only to fecure the HavanUy but to bring from thence the Galleons. During Count 1)'EJlrees's ftay at Cadiz he employed Advice-Boats almoft every Week, and fometimcs oftner, not only to bring him In- rht care la- tclligence from France, but of the Motions of our Fleet in the Cha- kcn h'y the nel, and of the Number and Strength of the Ships going with Sir ^jillkt'of our George Rooke from Spthead\ nay fuch Indufiry was uied in this r/m. Affair, that he had Advice by one of thole Vcfiels of our Fleet's failing, by another of their putting into Torbay; a third brought him an Account of their Departure from thence, and another of their being twenty Leagues out of the Chanel : By a fifth he knew when Six George Rooke parted from Vice- Admiral Benbow, (of whofe Pro- ceedings I have already given an Account) nor did he want Intelli- gence by another , when he returned into the Chanel ; nor took they lefs care to inform themfelves how Vice- Admiral ^fw^tfw fteer'd his Courfe, from time to time, towards the IVeji-lnd'tes. Befides, the aforemention'd French Ships in the Bay of Cadiz, there were the Spanijh Admiral and Vice-Admiral, and great Preparations were making to put all of them into a Condition tor the Sea. C U A p. Chap.VIIL from the Tear 169S, to i']i2. 6ii Chap. VIII. Sir John Munden'^ Proceedings for tntercept'mg a Squa- dron aniards taken from the Shore, the former affirming, that when he came from Rocbelle, he left there twelve Ships of War in the Road, ready to fail to the Groyne with the firft fair Wind, that one of them had 70 Guns, one j'o, and all the reft 60, and that the Fanlcon (a Fourth Rate taken from us the laft War) was going thither before them. 2. That the Spaniards were very pofirivc the Duke o'i Albu- querque was at the Groyne with two thouland Soldiers, and that there were already in that Port three French Ships of War of 50 Guns each, and twelve more expected ixom Rocbelle. And fince both thefc Accounts fo well agreed, and that it was judged there were feventecn Ships of War in the Port, that the Place was ftronglv fortified, and the Paflage thereinto very difficult, it was . , , /I' I 11 1 ° 1 1 1 ^ 11 -1 -^gfced not to unanimoully determined that they could not be attempted therewith attempt the any Probability of Succefs, and that by remaining in the Station ships in the they could not have any Profpcdt of doing Service ; fo that it was ^'°y"^" judged proper to repair into the Soundings for protecting the Trade, of which Sir John Munden fent an Account to the Lord High- Admiral by x.\\c Edgar y and ordered her forthwith to return to him into the La- titude of 49', 30™, thirty Leagues without iyf/V/y; but fince theWater in the Squadron was near fpent, and that the Ships had received Da- mage by bad Weather, it was rclblved, the twentieth oijune, to repair into Port to refit, and to i'upply themfelves with what Necef- returlTto"^ fanes they ftood in need of; nor was Water and thofe Neceflaries England, the only things wanting, for the nine Ships of the Line of Battel had at leaft thirteen hundred Men lels than their highefl: Comple- ments, (which in the whole amounted but to three thoufand eight hundred and icventy) according to the Accounts taken thereof a- bout the middle oVJune from each Ship when at Sea; fo that by Calculation they had not above three parts of five of the Number allowed them according to the then Eftablilhment. This was a very unlucky Accident, but the fame Misfortune might have happcn'd to any other good Officer as well as Sir 'John Munden.^ who (to do him Juftice) had, during his long Service in the Fleet, behaved himlclf with Zeal, Courage, and Fidelity ; and although himfcif, and all the Captains in his Squadron, did unani- moufly conclude, that at leaft twelve of the fourteen Ships, which they chaicd into the Groyne., were Men of War, their Number agreeing exadly with the Intelligence from Icvcral Perlbns taken from the Shore, yet even in that cale, it is reafbnablc to think that he would )• have 614. NavalTra7ifaBio7Js of the Englifh, BookV. have given a very good Acccouac of this Affair, could he polTibly have come up with them ; but it was afterwards known that there were no more than eight Ships of Force, the others being Tranfports for the Soldiers. As things of this Nature occafion various Reports and Refledlions, I wherein many People do freely give their Opinions, without coufi- (fering, or being able to judge of Circumftances ; lb was this attend- ed with no little Clamour, inlbmuch that it was thought neccflary to have it thoroughly enquired into at a Court Martial; and accordingly sirjohnMun- his Royal Highneis (who had lome time before enter'd on the Office of den try d at Lord High- Admiral) gave his Orders for that purpofe to S'nCloudeJly "uaiTand ho- Shovell^ Admiral of the White, who fummoning a Court at Sfit- nourahiy ai- head thc thirteenth ofy///y 1 70Z, where were prefent nineteen Cap- quttttd. tains, they took the fcveral Articles exhibited againft Sir John Mitn- den under Examination, and came to the following Rcfolutons, fiz. I. That having thoroughly infpeded into the Journals of the Captains, and other Officers of the Squadron, it appeared to them that Sir John Munden was no more than three Leagues from the Shore off of Cape TrioVy at nine at Night, when he tack'd and flood off, and about ieven Leagues at three in the Morning, whea he tack'd again and flood in ; and confidering it was hazy Wea- ther, that there was no anchoring on the Coafl:, and that Cape Ortegal (the Station to which he was defigned) was a proper Place for intercepting the French Ships; and that he ordered Scouts in a convenient Station for giving hira Notice of their appearing ; the Court were of Opinion, that there was no Mifraanagement, or Fail- ure of Duty in this particular. X. Then they coufidered of the next Article, namely his not fol- lowing the Ships into the Groyne^ and endeavouring to deftroy them when there; and having duly weighed the Motives that induced him, and the Captains, at their Conlultation, to defift from atcmpt- ing the Ships in that Harbour, they were of Opinion it was nei- ther advifeable, nor pradicable, in regard of the Difficulties that mufl: have been met with in coming in, and the Strength of the Place. 3. The next thing was his calling off the Salisbury^ when en- gaged with a French Ship of War on the fixteenth of May, and not lending fome other Ship or Ships to her Affiftance. To this Sir John anfwercd, that the Ship, which the Salisbury gave chaleto, was (landing right in with his Squadron ; and that therefore he had Hopes of her falling among them, which induced him to make the Signal for difcontinuing the Chale; but that when he perceived the Sa/if btiry was engaged, he ftood to her Afllftance with the whole Squa- dron, and continued fo to do until they had made the Land, but not being able to come up with the Enemy's Ship, he purfued his In- ftrudions, by keeping himlclf as much undilcovered as he could ; fo that the Court judged him not blameable in this particular. 4. The next Article of Complaint was his letting on ihore the Perlbus taken in the Spanijh Boat, for that otherwile they might have been exchanged tor luch Englijh as were under Confinement at the Groyne; but it appeared to the Court that thole who were i thus - I ' - , Chap- IX . f) 'om the Tear 169S, to 1112. 6 is thus taken, were either Women, or indigent People, and no mili- tary Perfons araongfl; them, and that therefore what he did herein was conformable to Pradtice in like Cafes, and dcierved no Reflc- (Stion, or Blame. In fine, the Court Martial, after they had maturely deliberated on all the Particulars of Complaint, were of Opinion that Sir John ^ Mnndeu had fully cleared himlblf of the whole Matters contained therein, and (as far as it appeared to them) not only comply'd with his luftrudions, but behaved himfelf with great Zeal and Di- ligence. Chap. IX. Containing the EflabhJJjment of fix Mar'me Regime'ritSy with fome Obfervations thereupon. HERE let me take up a little of your time, by acquainting you that her Majefly was pleafed to eftablifh fix Marine Re- giments; but they were put on a different Foot than thofe which were thought ncceflary at the Beginning, but dilcontinued before the Clofe of the lad War ; for as the Soldiers were formerly dil^ charged from the Regiments, and enter'd on the Ships Books as Fore- maft Men, when they had qualified themfelves to ferve as fuch, and Money allowed to the Officers to procure others in their room ; fo now when any of the Marine Soldiers died, or were otherwife miffing, the Companies were only made full by Levy-Money to the Officers, without any regard to their being a Nurfery for Seamen, which was one of the principal Motives for the firft raifing fuch a Body of Men. The Charge of thefe Regiments was defrayed by the Navy, (as be- ing part of the Men voted by Parliament for Sea Service) and Money was iffued out from time to time by the Treafurer thereof, by Warrants from the Lord High-Treafurer, to a Perfon particularly appointed to receive and pay the fame, fo that the Navy Board, who (as Well as the Admiralty) were in the former War put to confiderable Trou- ble on this Account, had no other now, than the ordering the Pay- ment of Money from time to time in grofs Sums ; and that the Rea- der may be informed what the annual Charge of thefe Re^ments was, I have hereafter inferred the Eftablifhment, and in the next Place the Rules appointed by her Majefty for their Govern- ment, viz. £fta- 6\(i iSlavalTranfaBions of the Englifli, BookV. Eftabliiliment of one Marine Regiment. Field and Staff-Officers. fer Diem, per Annum. I. s. d. I. s. d. Colonel, as Colonel. • o ix o 219 o o Lieutenatit-Colonel, as Lieutenant- Colonel. 070 117 15- o Major, as Major. — 05-0 91 5- o Chaplain. 068 iii 13 4 Adjutant, 040 73 o o Quarter Mafter. -^040 73 o o Chirurgeon 4 J. and one Mare X J. 6iem. I. J". d. Colonel, as Colonel and Captain. 10 Lieurcnanc-Colonel, as Licucenanc-Col(aneI and Captain, o 7 6 Major, as Major and Captain. — — ■ 6 6 Nine Captains, each 4J. — I 16 Thirteen Lieutenants, each z s. — — I 6 Eleven Enfigns, each 18/ x6 6 Chaplain. 3 4 Adjutant. • . z Quarter Mafter. • • • — — z Chirurgcon 1 J. and Mate I5'<^. • — — 3 3 Twenty five Serjeants, each 6 j. a Week. — 7 10 Thirty fix Corporals, each 4 J". 6d. - 8 z Twenty four Drummers, each 4J. 6d. — — 5 8 Seven hundred and eight Men, each ^ s. 6d. Total for a Week 113 18 184 9 I for a Year 9J9X 18 4 for five Regiments more a Year In all 47964 10 Q 8 of the Marine iments. Experience hath lliewn that thefe Regiments have been very ufeful, but more efpecially upon fitting out Squadrons of Ships for any immediate Expedition ; for as they are conftantly quartered, when not at Sea, as near the principal Ports as poflible, namely ?*/i- mont/j, Tortfmoutb^ and Chatham, fo were they with great Facility put on board fuch Ships as had raoft Occafion for them, for they were uiidcr the immediate Dircdtiou of the Admiralty; and the Rules and Inftrudions for the better Government of them, fettled by Her Majcfty in Council the firfl: of July, 1702-, were as fol- lows ; 'VIZ,. I. They were to be employed on board Her Majefty's Ships, as RuUsforthe there fliould be occafion, and quartered (as I have already laid) at. Government or near as might be to the Dock Yards, when on Shore, to guard them "^' '~ '"' from Embezlcments, or any Attempts of an Enemy. z. In all matters relating to their Subfiftencc and Clearings, when on board and on fliore, they were to be paid in like manner as the Land Forces, and the lame Dedudtions to be made from them for Cloathing, and one Day's Pay, once a Year, from each Officer and Soldier for the Holpital. 3. They were to be allow'd an equal Proportion of Provifions with the Seamen, without any Deductions from their Pay for the fame. 4. And to have the fame Allowance for fliort Provifions as the Seamen, to be paid to themfclvcs, or their Affigns. 5". Such Part of the Regiments as fliould be on fiiorc were to be mufler'd by a Commiffary, or CommifTaries, in the lame manner as the Land Forces, excepting iu this Cafe, that they the faid Comrail- K k k k iarics 6 1 8 NavalTraiifaciions of the Englifh, BookV, M Htries were obliged to allow, at each Mufter, on his or their Rolls, all fiKh Officers and Soldiers as Ihould appear to him, or them, by Authcntick Vouchers, or Certificates, to be put on board any of Her Majefty's Ships or VelTcls; and that fuch Part of the aforefaid Regiments as fliould be at Sea might be paid while they were fo, it was dircdcd, that the commanding Marine Officer with thcra, fhould every two Months return to the Commiflary General of the Murters, a perfedt Lift of all the Officers and Soldiers on board each Ship, figned by himlelf, and all the Marine Officers, expreffing the times of Entry, Death, and Dilcharge of each Man, that lo the CcmmifTary might compare the faid Lifts with the monthly Books lent to the Navy Office, and allow luch of the faid Officers and Sol- diers as flinuld appear to him fit to be fo allowed. 6. To prevent Coufufion, not Icis than fifteen Marine Soldiers, and with them an Officer, were to be put on board a Ship at any one time, unlefs in Cafes of Neceffity. y. And for the Eafe of the whole, a particular Paymaftcr was ap- pointed, with Power to Iblicit theArrears of the Regiments, and to receive ail Sums of Money from the Treafurer of the Navy, and immediately upon the Receipt thereof to iftue the fame to the re- fpedtivc Colonels, or their Agents ; he was alio required diligently and carefully to adjuft all Accounts relating to the Regiments, ac- cording to fuch Muftcr Rolls as fliould be delivered to him by the CommifTary, or CommifTaries, and thofc Mufter Rolls were to be allow'd of, as fufficient Vouchers for the Charges in the Accounts, and for making out Debentures and Warrants. 8. To enable the aforefaid Paymaftcr to keep an Office, and to defray the Charge thereof, and of Clerks and other Contingencies, he was allowed 6d. in the Pound, purluant to the Subl'cripcion of the refpe6tiv'e Colonels, which he had Power to dedud: out of all Monies ilTucd to him, in the fame Manner as the Poundage is de- ducted from the Land Forces. 9. For rendering fuch Part of the Regiments as fliould be on Shore the more ufcful, Her Majefty declared it fliould be left to hcrfelf, or the High- Admiral to difpofe of them at iiich Places neareft to the fevcral Dock Yards as might be judged moft convenient ; And fince there might be occafion for Labourers to difpatch neceffary Works, Her Majefty empowered Her High- Admiral, or Commiffioners for ex- ecuting that Office, to caufe to be employed in the aforefaid Dock- Yards, fo many of the Marine Soldiers as fhould be judged fitting, t, and to make them inch daily Allowance for the fame, bcfides their ordinary Pay, as to him or them fliould feem reafonable. And for the better regulating of thefe Regiments, his Royal Highnefs, as Lord High- Admiral, empowered ColonoA IVilliam Sey- mour, (Brigadier, and fince Lieutenant-General of Her Majefty's Forces) to take upon him the Command of them, and not only to fee that they were well quartered, but that the refpcd:ive Officers diligently attended their Duty, and that, when ordered on board Her Majefty's Ships, the Soldiers were fupply'd with proper Sea Cloaths, Chcfts, and other NeccfTarics. Chap. Chap.X. from the Tear 165*8, /• ■ ,. 626 NavalTr anf actions of the Engliih, BookV. fhe Netvi cotnmtin.ciited io A/r George Rooke, and lefolved to proceed to Vi- The Enemy difcovered at RedondeU. An Account cf Vigo and ReJondtla. A Boom a- rhwart the Harbour. The Forcts land, ai.d take the French and iattery. Vice-Admira Hopfon firjl Ireaki the Boom, mandcd by Caprairi Hardy, (which was the bcft Sailor) was fcnr on this Errand, and luckily joining the Fleer on the leventh, the Ad- miral called a Council of War of Englifl) and 'Dutch Flag Officers, by whom it was relblved to fail forthwith to the Port of Vigo, and immediately to attack the Enemy with the whole Fleet, if rhere- fliould be found room enough fo to do, or, if nor, by liich Numbers as might render the Attempt mofl: effedlual. They difcovered Monfieur Chateau Renault's Squadron on the eleventh, as alio the Spanijh Galleons about the Entrance at Re- dondeU, but finding the whole Fleet could not ar tempt rhem with- out great Flazard of being entangled, it was refolved to lend in fif- teen EngHjh, and ten 'TJutch Ships of the Line of Battel, with all the Firelnips, and that the Bomb Veffels Ihould follow in the Rear, and the great Ships move after them, that io they might likewife go in if there ihouid be found occafion for it ; and it was alio de- termined to land the Army next Morning, that they might attack the Fort on the South fide of RedondeU. Vigo (from whence feveral Shot were fired at our Ships without Damage) is ao inconfiderable Town at the Mouth of the Harbour, whole Inhabitants chiefly employ themlelves in Fifliing; nor \s Re- dondeU a Place' of any great Gonlequence. The Harbour's Mouth is about the Breadth of a Shot from aMuskct, and on the Entrance was a finall Fort with a Trench ruoning aboutaquarter of a Mile, whereon, was a Battery of fixteen Guns ; and the Harbour icfelf is furrounded in luch manner with Hills, that it is capable of being made very ftrong. On the left Hand was a Battery of about twenty Guns, and betweea- that and the Fort, on the right, a Boom was placed athwart the Harbour, made of Marts, Cables, and other proper Materials, the French Ships of War lying almoft in the Form of a Half-Mooo, a cohfiderable Diftance within this Boom ; whereas had they anchorVli clofe to it, and laid their Broadfides to bear upon our Ships as they approached, we ihouid, in all probability, have found the Task much more difficult ; but they had io great a Dependance on the Strength of the Boom, as to think themfelves lufficieatly fecur'd by that, and the Batteries on both fides of the Harbour. The General, according to Agreement, landed with the Forces, when marching diredlly to the Fort, he attacked the Trench and Battery, and became Matter of them after a hot Difpure. They chafed the French and Spaniards into the Forr, and afterwards beat them from thence'^to their Boats, although they were, in and about this Place (as 'twas credibly reported) near twenty thouland ftrong ; and indeed had not this Fort, and the Battery at the end of the Trench been firft taken, there would have been much more Difficulty found in breaking the Boom, and burning the French Ships; but that Ser- / vice was no Iboner performed, than the Ships advanced, and Vice- Admiral Hop/on , in the Tor bay, crouding all the Sail he could, when he came to the Boom the Force which the Ship had (confi- dering its great Length, and confequently its Weaknels) brake it, and ieveral other Ships ibon after made their way through. There was at this time a very great Fire between our Ships and the Ene- my, Chap.X. from the Tear 1^5*8, to 1^12. 62J my, and one of their Firefliips laid the Torbay on board ; but the former having a large Quanriry of SnufT in her, and blowing up, the very Blafl: extingiiiihed greacefl: part of the Flames, and thereby enabled thole few Officers and Men who ftaid on board (for the Hioft part of them betook themlclves to the Water) to preicrve the Ship ; for which good Service they were, when they came home, delervedly rewarded, lome with Medals and Chains of Gold, and the red: according to their refpedlive Qualities. While Vice- Admiral Hopfon was thus employed about the Boom, Captain JVilliam Bokenham in the AJfociation., a Ship of 90 Guns, laid her Broadfide to the Battery on the left of the Harbour, which he loon dilabled ; and Captain Francis IFivell in the Barfleur, a Ship of the like Force, was font to batter the Fort on the other fide, from which leveral Shot were fired which penetrated thorough the Ship, but he was rcftrain'd from anfwering them in the fame manner, becaule it might have done great damage to our Troops, who foon ati:er boat the Enemy from their Guns, and took the Forr, as I have already related. They fired on our Ships at firft from all Parts, and our People were \o far from being behindhand with them, that ia about half an Hour's time they, in great Confufion, fet fire to le- veral of their Ships, and betook themfelves to their Boats, mean while the Inhabitants, and others, in Redondela, deferred it. Having thus informed you of the Adlion, by the following Lift it will appear what French Ships of War, and what Galleons were either taken or burnt, viz. The Battery on the left fide difabled by Caj>tain Bokenham, and Captain Wi- veli attack'd that on the other fide. Several Shipt burnt, and Redondela deferted. Le Fort - Le Trompt V^gurd - L' Efperance Le Bourbon La Sirene Le Solide Le Firme Le Tritdent L^ Enflamme Le Modere Le Siiperbe Le T)auphin Le Volontaire Le Triton Ships of War. 'j6 Guns ■ - 76 — 65 — -70 — -68 — . 60 — - 5^ — - -ji - e-L — -64 — - ^6 — - 70 — 46 — -4^ — 42- L'Entreprenant Le Choquant — Le Favour. Frigates. 8 } burnt. taken. taken. taken, taken taken, burnt. taken. burnt. burnt. taken. taken, burnt. taken, taken. burnt. but bilged, by the T>utch. but bilged. An Account of theEnem'j' S ships taken. and defiroyed. but bilged, but bilged. Fireihips. Curvets 3. LllU There 628 NavalTrdnfaclio7isofthcYng\i{h, BookV. There were alio Icvcnrecn Galleons, four cf whici] wae taken on floar, and tv\o on ihore by the Er/g/i/b, and five by the 'Dutch. The others were burnt. The Duke o'i Ormond writ to the Admiral the fourteenth oi Oc- tober from the Camp at Redondcla^ and complemented him upou his good Succels, wherein the Laud Forces had indeed been very lerviceable, and Ihcwed the greatefl: Bravery ; but had the French and Spaniards behaved themielves as it might have been expedied, in defending To many of their Ships of War, and fuch great Riches, our Troops would certainly have been more roughly handled. ■DuktofOx- His Grace now put the Admiral in mind of what had been for- mond fropo- jnerly mentioned, namely, the Forces wintering abroad, but more itJr"""^ particularly at Vigo, and offered to march diredtly to that Place, if a fitting Number of Ships could be conveniently left to fuftain and take off the Forces upon any Emergency : for he was of Opinion that this might not only put us in the greater Readinels the next Spring, but probably incline the King of ^Portugal (who was yet Neuter) to declare for us and our Allies. ohjeaions The Admiral acquainted the General that he was ready to do c- tnadeby the j^j -^^ j^jg Powct fot the Good of thc Publick Service, and Admiral. . •' „ . ^ , , . • i i /- • i • /- r. i that if he thought it might be lo to winter in this part of Spatn, he would venture to leave five or fix Frigates, although he doubted they would not be fafe, unlefs thty kept out at Sea, inftancing the Misfortune which the Fretich had been fo lately expoled to in the Harbour of Redondela. He alfo acquainted his Grace that he (hould not be able to leave more than fix Weeks, or two Months Provifions for the Forces, for that a great Quantity was fent to the IVefi-lndies with thc Ships and Soldiers deta-hed thither ; and fince there were on fhore a confiderable Number ot fick Men, he ordered Boats to Redondela the next Morning to bring them off) and fubmitted it to his Grace, if it might not then be a fit time to confidei and determine, whe- ther it was raoft proper to march to Vigo, or to the Place pio- pofed for embarking the Forces ; and that if the former was ag. fd to, he was of Opinion it might be neceffary to fend the Priloners to fome Place from whence they could not poffibly be able co re- inforce the Garrifon. The Troops are In fine, the Forces were, upon farther Confideration, embarked embarked qq board the Ships, and Sir Ctoudejly Shovell arriving the fixrcenth Shove^Ur'r/ oi October, the Admiral left hun ntVigo, with Orders to fee rigged, ving, is iijt and fupplied with Men, the French Ships of W ar, and the Gaiicons, *' ^'g'^- that fo fuch of them as were our Prizes might be brought to £ug~ land, but to deftroy thofe he ihould not have a Profpcdl: of bring- ing home, firft laving fo much of their Loading, Guns, and Rigging, as poffibly he could. And as it was particularly recommended co him to take the utmoft care to prevent Embezilmcnts, fo was he dired:cd to fiifpend thole wlio Ihould be tound guilty thereof, and at his Return, to recommend to thc Lor J High- Admiral for Encou- ragement fuch who had behaved themielves honeftly and diligently ^ ia Chap.X. fromtheTc/tri69S, to \ii 2 . 62s in this Affair;- and there being a Report that fevcral French Ships, richly loaden, were expedted from Martinica, he was dircdlcd to iend three or four of his beft failing Frigates to cruifc twenty Days off of Cape Finifterre^ in order to intercept them ; but they miffed of the wiihcd-for Succefs. The Admiral having given thcfc neccffary Orders, and appointed nineteen Third Rates, ten Fourths, one Fifth, a Pink, fix Firciliips, two Storefhips, and aVidlaaller, to remain with Sir Clouiejly Sho- uelly he failed himlelf from Vigo with one Firft Rate, four Seconds, three Thirds, one Fifth, four Fi.cfliips, rhree Bombs, and two Yachts, together with feveral Tiutch Ships of War, and one of the Galleons which was rigged, and arrived in x.Vc'Dovjhs the feventh of No- sir Ceargs vember^ from whence the great Ships were brought to Chatham a- Rooke ar- bout the middle of that Month. Downs/ * Thus have I given you an Account of an Affair which, after the News of our unfortunate Succels at Cadiz, occafioned no fmall Joy ; a thing, indeed, that Providence did in a very great meafure put in- obfervathm to our Power ; for had not the Inrelligence met the Admiral as it °"vigo^ '"" did, both Fleet and Troops would have return'd to England with- out effc<5ting any thing anfwerable to the extraordinary Charge of the Expedition ; for although all poffble care was taken, as fooa as it was known that Monfieur Chateau Renault was coming froiii the We jl -Indies with his Squadron and the Galleons, (which was about the beginning of Augvft) to fend Sir Cloudejly Shovell to cruifc in a proper Station for intercepting them, if bound to any- Port in the Bay ; and that (upon Intelligence from the Captain of one of our Ships, the Scarborough, of his meeting them the fourth of Augtijl, in the Latitude of 354'', as far Eaftward as Bermudas) it was very prcffingly recommended to Sir Cloudejly Shovell to look out carefully for them: That the Earl o'i Nottingham alfo received an Account, the beginning of O^ober, that the laid Ships and Gal- Icons were arrived at Vigo, aad that, when uuloaden, the Men of War were to repair to Breji, whereupon Orders were difpatched the fifth of the aforeiaid Month, lo as to meet Sir George Rooke in his Return from Cadiz, by which Orders he was direded to confuit with Sir Cloudejly Shovell, (if he met him in his Station) and ei- ther to exchange fomc Ships with him, or to make an Addition to his Squadron, Tf he judged him not ftrong enough ; I fay that not- withftanding all thele Precautions, and that Sir Cloudejly Shovell was, about the middle oi O^ober, ordered to join ten Ships of Sir George Rooke's Fleet from 70 to fo Guns, and all the Firefhips in Condition for tlie Sea ; and that Orders were lodged at Tlimouth for Sir George Rooke to fend inch Ships to him in his cruffing Sta- tion, from fifteen to thirty Leagues W. S.W. from Cape Finifterre\ yet if the Fleet had come into the Chanel with the Land-Forces, all the Strength which Sir Cloudejly Shovell could have thus carried with him, would hardly have enabled him to have performed the Service which was done at Redondela. Sir Cloudejly Shovell (as I have already obfcrved) being left at Vigo by Sir George Rooke, put in Execution the Inftru6lions he ^,50 NavalTran faEHonsofthe Englifh, BoqkV. he received from him in the manner following, viz. sir cioudefly In a Wcck's time the Frei/cb Men of War, and other Prizes were shovei'j Pro- j. j^j.^ j.|jg jj^Q Condition for their Paflage home that the Place Tnd'ffcmVi- would admit of, and all the Loading was taken out of a Galleon go. which was on Ground, icizcd by one of our Ships, the Mary, as alio of another Ship of 50 Guns, called the T)artmouth, taken from us thclaft War, and now made Prize by Captain /Fiz/^'//. This Ship he brought home, and flie was named the V'tgo^ for there was al- ready one in the Royal Navy called by her former Name the "Dart- month. He alio took out of fome French Ships of War, which were on the Ground, s'o I3rafs Gunsmoft of them from fifty to fixty Hundred Weight, which with thofe brought from the Shore amounted to about one hundred and ten ; and the Day before he failed he fee fire to all the Ships and VelTcIs that he could not polTibly bring away. The twenty fifth of October he left VigOj but it proving calm, he anchored in the Chanel between that Port and Bayonne, where, with a Flag of Truce, he lent fevcral Prifoners afliore, and had ours returned in lieu of them. Next Day he got under Sail again, with Dcfign to go through the North Chanel, but the Wind taking him fliort, he was obliged to flaud through that which lies to the South, where the Galleon, which was the Monmouth's Prize, flruck upon a lunken Rock, and immediately foundered, notwithftanding feveral of the Frigates were on each Side of her, but all the Men, except two, were laved. He had at this time with him at leaft feventy Sail, of all Sorts, and the next Day, being the twenty fixth, the T/« Dragon 'DragOH, a Ship of fo Guns, joined him, having been engaged with Vitlltsbib.- ^ French Man of War of between 60 and 70 ofF of the Cape, in view of two of our Ships which could not come up with them, though it may rcafonably be thought that the Sight of them made the Enemy retire. The Englijh Captain, whole Name was Holy- man^ was killed, but both before, and afterwards, the Fight was ve- ry gallantly maintained. Sir Cloudejly Shovell met with very bad Weather in his PafTage, which much fhattercd and feparated the Fleer, and a rich Prize from Mcrlaixy taken by the Najfau, founder'd. The Moderate, one of the French Ships lofl her Main mafl, but care was taken to fecure her home, and many of the Squadron fpcnt their Sails, particularly that Ship wherein Sir Cloudejly bore his Flag. In this Condition eve- ry one made the bed of his Way into the Chanel, which they had .9.V cioudeny open, about feventy Leagues S. W. by W. or W. S. W. from Scilly, St X ^^'"^h ^'i^ ^'"d '^'^'^ fhe N. W. to the W. S. W. and the Flaghimfelf chmti. with, thofe in his Company, groped their Way into it, for the Start the firfl Land they made. Thqs ended this Expedition, the Beginning whereof was attended with very ill Succefj, either from the general Averfion of the Spa- niards (whatever Foundations our Hopes were grounded on) to the Intercll of the Hoqfe of Aujiriay or the Apprehcnfions they were under of being ill treated by the French King, fliould they have made ^ \ I ' ""I — n — rrr witi ^. ^ _ Chap. XL /a'^^/a/ the Tear if^^S, /■ownsy Oujley Bay, or Tarmouth Roads, as Winds and Weather, and other Circumftances might make it moft proper. The next Day there was Advice that the two biggeft Ships at Dunkirk were got down to the Heads, and that three more were preparing for the Sea, fo that Captain Beaumont was ordered to pro- ceed immediately thither, with four Fourth Rates, and a Sloop, and when there to govern himfelf according to the aforeiaid Inftrudtions ; but he was dircdteJ to leave Orders for the other Ships under his Command to follow him from rhc Downs as foon a^oflible; and there being a Squadron of Dutch Ships ofT of Schonevelt at this time, it was recommended to him, if he found himlelf not flrong enough to keep Monficur 'Ponty in, to join himfelf thereunto. Purfuant to thefe Orders he lailed, and being o^ oi Dunkirk the twenty eighth of June, lent the Sloop with an Account to the Ad- miralty that he had plainly Iccn eight large Ships in Flemijh Road, which he believed would put to Sea that very fpringTide; and judging himfelf much too weak to oppofe them, (for he had thea with him no more than three Fourrhs, and one Sixth Rate) he re- folved to join the Dutch Ships at Schonevelt, and with them en- deavour to keep the Enemy in, or puriue them if they got out of the Harbour. By this Sloop Orders were font to him to remain off of ®«»- hirk, if joined with the Dutch Ships, and that the French were ftill in that Port : But left Accidents might have brought him into the Do'JDUs^ Orders were at the iame time lent thither, dircding him to proceed firft to Tarmouth Roads, and then to ufe his belt Endeavours to protedl the Trades from Hamburgh, the Eaji-Coun- try and Holland. He joined Vice- Admiral Evert fen off of Schonevelt the twenty cj/./. Beau ninth of June, and acquainted him what he had oblcrved in relation '^*"|V"T -, — >^ — : . ■ yue-Admi' ■ ■ *Aflerwards a Fla^-Officer. '-'*• M ra m m i to 6s^ NavalTranfatlionsoftheEnglifb, BookV. to the French Ships, but that Flag Officer had received a particular Account of their Motions before, by a Man purpolcly fent to him from the States-General. He defired him to join fomc of his Squa- dron to our Ships, fmce he had eighteen, from 71 to 40 Guns, the better to prevent the Enemy's coming out, or to enable him to at- tack them if they did ; but could by no means prevail with him to The Dutch do it, for he had Orders not to ieparatc his Squadron, or to dq)arc wouidnotadd fj.Qj^ the Servicc whcreunto he was appointed, which was to pre- t'il.^lX'g" veot a Defcent upon Zeeland^ a thing the States General his Ma- tpfrehenftve jftets apprcheudcd from the Ships at ^Dunkirk and OJhnd., the Gal- o/Zeeland. j^j^g^ Bomb-Veflels, and Pontoons, which they had prepared, and 90 Army of near eight thouland Men , laid to be drawn together near OJiend, as it was believed, for that purpofe. Nay the IDutch Vice-Admiral judging himfelf not ftrong enough cffediually to pre- vent fuch an Arten^pt, had Tent lome Days before to Captain Beau- tmnt in the ®(?w/yj, aud defired his Afli fiance ; but at laft he coudelcendcd to go a little farther Weftuard with part of his Squa* dron, the better to luflain our Ships if the French ihoold come out, which it was believed they would do, for the firft oi July they lay ready with their Top-fails loofe. I may not omit the mentioning here an Accident ( which may ifcm fomewhat ftrange) which happened two or three Days before Captain Beaumont came on the Coaft ; which was thus. Six French iix French Gallies from Ojlend took a 'Dutch Ship of 50 Guns, not above a caiiies take a MiJc from their Vicc- Admiral, and his whole Squadron, and carried ^■"S/^'^ ber into that Port ; but they made ufe of the Advantage of a Calm to perform this Exploit ; for as the Gallies had an Opportunity of rowing to her, lb were the Ships of War prevented in coming to |ier Affiftance, or ftie from withdrawing herlelf from thein, for want of Wind. The Englirti The tcflth ofjuly our Squadron was ftrengthcned to feven Fourth Squadron Ratcs, and one Sixth, and by Orders from the States- General Vice- ftrengthened. j^^j^jj^al Evertfen lent three Ships to join them five Days after ; who, in order to the more effedual Performance of the defigned Service, acquainted Captain Beaumonty that, as foon as the Ships could be victualled, a Rear- Admiral and thirteen Sail would be ap- pointed to obferve the French ^ who were (as he laid) making all poflible Difpatch at Tiunktrk and OJtend^ not only with their Ships of War, but Fire-VelTels, Pontoons, and all other Matters, for the Attempt which the T>utch fo much apprehended in Zeeland. Two Days after this Account was received from Captain Beau- mont,, he was ordered to proceed to Leith in Scotlandy in cale Mon- fieur 'Tonty was gone to Sea with his Squadron, and that he had no Profped of coming up with him, for there was a Sulpicion (how well grounded I cannot fay) that he was defigned to that Kingdom; but if he found him not there, nor Intelligence where he might meet him, he was to come to the Gunfleet, calling in at Nevicajllcy and the feveral Northern .fferts, for the Trade bound uuo the River : And by other Orders, dated the fourth oi Angaji, it was reeoca- raended to him to take particular care of the Merchant Ships from RuJJia Chap. XII. from the Tear 16^8, to 1^12. 631 RnJJia and the Baltick Sea, loaden with Stores as well for the Na- vy as the Merchants Service. The twenty firfl: of July he propofcd to Vice Admiral Evertfen the adding inch a Number of his Ships to him as fiiould be thought proper at a Conliilration, that io he might be the better able to op- pole the Enemy, lliould they get out from 'Dunkirk and Ofiend\ and for the yet better elTeding that Service, he farther defired that the laid Ships might lie as near TDunkirk as poffibie, and that if the French lliould yet get out, and go Northward, they might be chafed as long as there fliould be any Intelligence of them, and afterwards proceed to and bring from Zxf/ the beginning of September, and theVice- Admiral could not appoint others in their room without Orders from his Matters ; befidcs, their Appreheufions of a Dcfcent on Zeelaiid led their Flag- Officer, with his Squadron, farther Eaftward from our Ships. Some few Days before this the French lent two Gallies from Dunkirk to Ojlend, and the twenty fixth o'iAugtijl there were no more than three Ships to be fcen in Flcmijh Road, fo that it was uncertain whether the others were gone to Sea, or into the Ba- fin, although the Commadore was almofl: pofnive they were not at Sea, by rcaibn he could fee a much greater Number of Mafts in the Bafm than could be difcovered a few Days before. Our Ships were very much expofed from the bad Weather which happens at this Seafon of the Year, but more fo from the Danger of the Coaft; befides, they were in no little want of Provifions : And fmce we had then no more than five, and the 'Dutch but two, the Enemy gave it out as if they intended to attack them, for lb the Mafters of fome Ships of Hamburgh reported who came from Dun- kirk ; though by People who were taken in a French Filhing Boat by Captain IVyat, the twenty ninth in the Morning, Captain Beau- mont was informed that all their Ships, except two, were gone in- to the Harbour, with Intention not to come out again the remain- ing part of the Year; but other Intelligence being received at the Admiralty, before this Account from Captain Beaumont came to hand, that raoft of the French Ships were gone to Sea, (though it proved afterwards to be falfe) the Worcejhr was fent from the Downs with Orders to him ; the Dartmouth and Kingsjijher were alfo fent to him from thence, the Crown from the Buoy of the Nor Cy and the Rochejier was ordered to haftcn to him as ioon as flie had convoyed the Earl of Winchelfea to Holland^ who was going with a Compliment from Her Majefty to the Court o{ Hanover. It was recommended to Captain Beaumont to fatisfy himfelf whether the Enemy were at Sea, or in Port, and as he was, in the former Cafe, to leave off of Dunkirk a fitting Strength, with the two Dutch Ships, and to proceed w ith the reft to a convenient Station for fe- curing the Eaji-Country Trade and their Convoys, which were ordered to come from the Sound the laft of this Month ; fo, on the other hand, if Monfieur 'I'onTj was gone in, that only three Ships were in Flemijh Road, and that he judged the others would not come out again, he was to leave a Strength fufficient to keep in thofe three Ships, and repairing to the Downs with the Remain^ der, there take in a Supply of Provifions; but neverthelefs to order the Commander in Chief of the Ships off of Dunkirk to fend him immediate notice if the Enemy fliould prepare to go out, that (b he might ufe his beft Endeavours to intercept them. somishifiUft Purfuant to thefe Orders he left off of Dunkirk the JVorcefter e/o/Dun- and Salisbury, which were Fourth Rates, and two Dutch Men of kirk. War, to obierve the Motions of the French Ships in the Road, and came into the Downs with the Tilbury, Blackwall , Dartmouthy and Ktngsfijher. Thofe Ships bein^ viduallcd, two of them -^^^xz t ordered ' Chap. XI I. from the Tear 16^8, to 1^12. 6^^ v^rdercd ro cruife in the Soundings, and the Commadore to repair with the red to Margate Roads, from whence, with Ibme other Ships which there joined hira, he convoyed the Yachts to Holland; and having cruilcd lour Days between the //>//, a Shoal off of the Coaft of Lincoliijhire, and the 'Dogger Bank, in fearch of fome Ships faid to be tzot out trom Dunkirk, he proceeded to Helvoet- Slnjs, and condudled from thence to England the Earl of Marl- borough, Gcficra! of Her iMajcfty's Forces. There was a Report during Captain Beaumonfs being in Holland, as if Monficur 'Ponty was adually got out oiDuukitk, but he was pofirivc that neither he, nor any of his Ship"?, were at Sea, knowina it to be almofl: irapoflible, as the Tides fell out ; and it afterwards appeared that he judged very right in this Matter. But (as f have already acquainted you) the JVorcefler being one of the Ships he had left o^' oi 'Dunkirk, her Commander lent ? he Lords of the Ad- miralty an Account, that on the thirteenth oiOHober, in the Morn- ing, he had Teen all the French Squadron at Anchor iu Gravelln- Tits, except two which were under Sail. The Day afrcr he had diipatchcd this Advice he failed from the Flats of the Foreland , and (landing over towards Calais and Cravelin, faw under the Cliffs of Calais ten Sail turning to Wind- ward, and four I'mall ones to Windward of himlelf, which he took to be their Scouts. This Alarm occafioncd the ordering thoic few Ships of War, and the Trade which were in the Doizjns to the Buoy of the iVore, fince there they might be more la.e, and a Squadron was formed at the Gjinfleet with all poflible Diiparch, which in the Abicnce of Captain Beau7nont, was put under the Command of Cap- Preparations tain Tfymas Foulis, and he, on the eighteenth of O&ober, ordered "^'" " ""^'''' off oi Calais, Gravclin, and Dunkirk, in (eirch of the aforefaid ^/";!,eFren"h. French Ships. If he met them not there, he was to flretch away- Northward for the Security of the Trades cxpedted from the Eaji- Conntry, RuJJla, and Hamburgh, and was ordered to call in at fbinc Place about the Naez, o^ Nor'-^'ay for Intelligence : But if when he came off ol Dunkirk he found the French Ships w ere gone in, he was to come to x.hcDo'-j^ns with all the Squadron, except i\\cfVor- cefler, and a Fifth Rate, which two Ships he was ro leave off of the Port to obicrve and brii ^ him InrelHoence o|- their Motion One of our Captains was inforiiicd by the Mailer of a Srjiedijh Ship, that he law a />over and Foiueys Cables gave way, fo that they were forced out of the Squadron. The twenty ninth the Weather was more moderate , when the Signal was made for weighing with the Wind at North, but from thence it came to the N. E. and the Commadore having then with him no more than three Englijh Fourth Rates, and one T^utch Ship, he proceeded, according to the Opinion of the Captains, to the Flats of the Foreland^ to look for the reft of his Squadron. Thus ended this Search after the French Ships, which had not indeed been out of their Port ; and of this Captain Beaumont was fo well affured, that by Letters, during his ftay in Holland, he po- fitively affirm'd that not any of their great Ships had been at Sea ; fo that in all Probability thofe which the Captain of the IVorceJier favv were Coafters going from ^Dunkirk, or Oftend, to fome Ports in the Weft of France ; for by realbn of the Hazinefs of the Wea- ther, he could not fo well difcover them as otherwife he might have done ; befides, he being alone, it was not lafe for him to ftand too near them. Chap. XIII. Containing an Account of Sir George Rooke'.y Proceedings with the Fleet in and about the Chanel, TH E fourth of April Sir George Rooke^ Admiral of the Fleer, was ordered to take under his Command that part thereof which was defigned for Service in the Chanel, viz. five Firfts, fix Seconds, eighteen Thirds, nine Fourths, nine Fifths, and one Sixth Rate, together with three Bomb-VefTels, fix Fireihips, and three Hofpital Ships, as alfo the Squadron intended for the Mediterranean under Command of Sir Cloudejly Shovelly in cafe it fhould be found for the Advantage of the Service to put a Stop to that Expe- dition. Arriving in the 'D^O'WJ the twelfth of y^n/, he was there informed A French that Her Majefty's Ships the Salisbury and Adventure had met ^Fs'^fh '^*' ^^^^^ ^ Squadron oi French Ships from 'Dunkirk, and (as 'twas fear'd) w Adven-^' had fallen into their Hands. Upon this Rear-Admiral ^w^, with the ture. Ranelagh^ Somerfet-i Torhay, Cambridge, and fVincheJier, ^^•as or- 1 dcrcd Chap. XIII. from the Tear i<^5>8, to 1712. (^41 dercd to lie in the fair way for intercepting the Enemy in their Pal- lage to 'Dunkirk \ and ilear- Admiral Beaumont was lent ofTof that Port u ith his Squadron ; but notwithltanding this early Cure, the French had the good Fortune to carry in their Prizes before cither of the Squadrons could polfibly come up with them. The Adion was thus. Capcain Cotton^ who commanded the i^^- ^'"■^'^"<^t lisbnry, came with th.it Ship and the Adventure from Goree, in Holland, the ninth ot ylpril-, and next Day about one a Clock dif- covercd feven Sail bearing down on him with Engl'ijh Colours. Thcic Ships proved co be three French and one Spanijh Man of War, the others Privateers. The Salisbury was conlirained fingly to engage v.i:h mod of them, that the Trade and the Yachts might the be'tcr lecurc thcmfclvcs, in one of which was the Earl of Win- ch l/ea^ who was returned from the Court o'i Hanover. The Ad- i"'ntiire was aftcrn, and the Salisbury end ^avoured to edge down al' rhat poHlbly Ihe could, to affill the Tail of the Fleet, with which -vas a hired Storclhip of confiderable Force, named the Muf- covii Miicbatit, bu^ Ihc, without any Rcfiftancc, (Iruck to the E- nemy, and the Adventure^ to fave hcrfelf, flood away with all the Sail liic could carry, ib that the Salisbury bore the brunt upwards of two Hours. She was boarded by two of the French Ships, which were bravely put off, but loon after Monficur St. 'Tauly who commanded in Chief, lying on her Bow ready to clap her on board again, anorher on her Broadfidc, the Milford (taken from us the lafl: War) on one Quarter, and the ^leeu of Spain, a Ship of O- Jlend,, on the other, all of them making what fire they po/Hbly could, they dilabled her Mads, Sails, and Rigging, dilinountcd le- veral of her Guns, and her Hull was very much torn. -This, with the killing eighteen, and dcipcrately wounding both her Lieutenants, and forty three Men, together with the throwing into her Hand- Granadoes lo thick, that they were not able to continue on the Deck, conftraincd the Capcain to yield the Ship to them, which they af- terwards fitted out, and employed againft us. The Admiral lay feme time Wind-bound in the 'Doivhs, but arri- ^'"^ George vcd at St. Helen's the 17th oi April, having then with him two ^;^^" \r^t. Firft Rates, thirteen Thirds, three Fourths, four Bombs, and three Helena, Holpital Ships. It was his Opinion , and accordingly he propofed ""^ It as luch, that the Fleet ihould forthwith go to Sea, without itay- into the Bay ing for the 1)utch, and lurround the Bay oi Bifcay with a ftrong ^y BiiVay f» Detachment, that io if the Enemy had any Men of War, or Mer- ^"^^^ ''"^' chant Ships without the Entrance of Port Louis, or of Rochefort, an Attempt might be made to lurprizc and deftroy them ; or at leafl it was judged that we might thus interrupt their Commerce. He was the better able to put this in fpcedy Execution, from the liberty he had to remove the Men belonging to two Firft, and four Third Rates, ordered to be paid off, into other Ships that moft wanted them. And now Vice- Admiral Leake of the Blue Squadron, being vke-Admirni returned with ieveral Ships to Spithead from the French Coaft, Leake re- whcre he had miffed of thofe he was lent to intercept, the Admiral X^FienTh farther propolcd to go into ihc Bay with two Firft Rates, ioux ccaft. N n n n Seconds, ' 64-2 N avalTra?if^ci/o?is of the Eng\i(h, BookV. Seconds, twelve Thirds, and fix Fourths, of the Chanel Squadron, and one Third, two Fourths, two Fitch, and two Sixth Rates of Sir Cloudejly Shoveirs, as alfo two Bomb-Vcflcls, which were all the Ships and Vcficls at this time at Spit head ready fur Service, be- ing two Firft, four Seconds, twenty one lliirds, one Fourth, three Fifihs, and one Sixth Rate, with five Borab-Veflcls, ten Firefhips, and three Holpitals : But befidcs thcfc, there were on the French Some •ihips on Coart, undcr Command of Captain Charles JVagcr * one Third, tbt Heiuh [hieg Fourths, one Fifth, and one Sixth, and by them a Ship of 14 capiainWi- Guus vvas takcn, but molt oi the tradn^ig VeJlels, as well as their S^^r- I'mall Convoys, clcaped zo Havre de Grace^ Cherbourg, LaHogue, and the Ports along the Coaft : And there were alio one Ship of the Second Rate, four of the Third, and ten of the Fourth, defign- ed for the Fleer, which had not then joined the Admiral. That the intended Service might be the more effcdfually carried on, rhc Admiral propolcd thar, if there Ihould be occafion for it. Sir Cloudejly Shovtll might lie off of the I He of UJhant with his • Squadron, for rhat there the T>utch Ships defigned to proceed with him to rhe Mediterranean might as well join him as on our Coaft ; but yet he was of opinion there would be no occafion for this ad- ditional Strength, if the Intelligence of the Enemy's Preparations could be depended on. ■ibeG^-ianor- The Lord High- Admiral having confidercd thefe Propofals, di- deTs'7':r rcdlcd him to obe)' Hex Majcily's Commands; and the Queen was George pleaied to order him to proceed on the aforementioned Expedition. P^KeTdZ he The ift oi May he received Diredions to fend a Frigate with had fropofcd. Difpatches to Mr. iV/^/'/;7/i'//, Her Majefty's Envoy at Z//j-^vj.vd> Kuightcd, and a Flag-Offcer. Captain Chap.XIII. from the Tear 1^98, to 1-112. 6^0 Captain of which Ship uot coming to him in time, he went on to 'F/imouth, in Expcdlation of meeting the Fleet there. On the 9th of Majf about fifteen Leagues from IJJhant, the Ad- The Admiral miral called a Council of the Flag-Officers, namely Vice- Admiral "l''"^'""- Leakcy and Rear- Admiral 'Dilkes, and his firfl: Captain, Captain " '"^' "James JViJhart^ who pcrufing the Inftrudtions from Her Majefty, and the Intelligence received from Brefi of the Enemy's Preparati- ons, together with the Projcdt for a Defccnt in the Bay o^Verdoti, at the Mouth of the River of Bourdeaux , determined to lend fomc Frigates through the Race, to gain farther Intelligence from Breji, and to proceed with the grofs of the Fleet to Belle Iflc, (ic being judged unlafe to go farther lo early in the Year) and that from thence fomc Frigates fliould be detached as far as Sc. Martin'Sy to dilcovcr what the Enemy were doing in thole Parts. Captain Robert Fairfax * was fe:^ the next Day on the afore- <^-»;''»'» Fair- faid Service with the Kent, Monk, Medway, and "Dragon, who ^uJmlJZ (leering along Ihorc, palTed within a Mile of Conqnet Road, where there was not any thing to be leen but fmall Craft ; but the Coaft was fortified with near tliirty Guns, between Conqnet, and St. Aiat- the'-jj\ Point. He ftood into the Sound without Brejl, and to the Eaftward oiCamaret, but law not any thing there; nor could he difcovcr in the Harbour more than fix Sail ready for the Sea, three of them from 60 to 70 Guns and the others from 30 to 40. A Fiflierman was taken, who belong'd to a finall Village about five Leagues from BreJi, and he affirm'd that there lailed from that -^» Account Port, the Sunday before, four Ships of three Decks, under Command °//^'V ^"nf^"^ of Monfieur Cotlongon ; that there were between twenty and thir- ty more in the Harbour difarmed, and in the Road four Ships of War, and two Privateers ready to fail with Monfieur TyArtelo'tre. The Admiral was of Opinion that the Winds which carried Mon- fieur Cotlongon to Sea, had given Opportunity to the other French Ships to iail from the Ports in the Bay, lb that he could have but little Profpe(St of doing any Service there; and fince he was obliged by his luftruitions, as well from the Qiicen as the Lord High- Ad- miral, to proceed as a Council of Flag- Officers and Captains ihould judge mort proper, he lummoued them the iith in the Afternoon, ■^'"'ther where were prelcnt bcfides the Flag-Officers and Captain JVijhart, wur'caiud. feventecn other Captains. They confidcring again the Queen's In- (lrud:ions, as alfo the Intelligence, particularly that from Captain Fairfax, concluded to fail as far as Belle Iflc, and that a De- tachment fhould be lent from thence to St. Martin's, or ellewhere, for farther Advice of the Enemy, Belle Ifle being appointed the Rendezvous fi-om the i6th to the loth of May, and afterwards iu the Latitude of 46 and 47^ S. S. W. from Ujloant. The Fleet was prevented from getting into the Bay by Southerly Winds Foggs, and Calms, and on the 15th the Medway was or- dered to chaib a Sail at Ibme Diftance, which flie took in the Af- ternoon. This Ship came from Fondicheri on the Coaft of Cor- * Afterwards one of the Council to the Prince of Denmark, when Lord High- Admiral. N n n n X maiidel. <$44 NavalTrafjfaBionsofthcEngliih, BookV. Piandel, and was bound ro Porr Louis with her Loading of Muflins and Callicocs, being the fame which was taken from us the lafl War, under the Name of the hired Ship Succefs. The i7ch oi May the IVinchejier^ Trover ^ and Litchfield ]o\r\zA the Fleer, which two Days after got as far into the Bay as the Seames; but the Wind flying out very frelh at S. S.W. and S. W. obliged them to ftand out again ; and the aforefaid Ship JVinchejier, which was Tent with the Ipjwich into the Station off of Ujhant, retook the Sarah Gaily of London loaden with Sugar, Tobacco and Logwood from Virginia. The Fleet The Wind coming about Northerly the icth, the Admiral flood jianJi into jj^j-q f|^e ^^v with the Fleet, and the Litchfield and 'Dragon fpeak- Mca^ "^ iog with a IDutch Galliot the 13d, they were informed by a French Lieutenant, who was on board, and had taken her, that he faw, the An Account Xuclday bcforc, twenty flx French Ships of War flanding Weflward, fuJdron^at ^hc Land about Bourdeaux then bearing E. by S. near fifteen Leagues sta. ofT Upon this a Council of War judged it convenient to proceed to Belle Ifle, and that the Detachment defign'd to St. Martin's fliould not be fent thither, until it could be certainly known whe- ther the Enemy's Ships were in thofe Parts, or gone to Sea. The Tieet Thc X4th of May the Fleet arriv'd at Belle Ifle, where there was comes to Belle not any thing to be feen but fomc Fifliing-Boats. As the Admiral ^/*' was going in, he fent the Rear- Admiral with five Ships to the S. E. End of the Ifland, to intercept any VefTels which might attempt to come out that way, as he did the Ber'vi'ick, Ij>/ii-ic\ and Litch- field to the Ifland of Groy, or Grouais, lying off of Port Louis^ Mithodi ta- to furprize any Shipping which fliould be found riding off that ie»/or;»ffr- p^^.^.^ which lafl: brought into the Fleet two fmall Barks taken from "enr/h shii'i. amougft twcuty that were bound Southward from Brefi, but the Remainder, (except forae which were ftranded) with their Convoy of 14 Guns, got into Vort Louis. Hereupon, and upon what the A Council of Prifoncrs related, a Council of War of the Flags and Captains was ^X'Zaf^^ called in Belle Ifle Road, who refolved it was not advifeable to di- vide the Fleet, by fending a Detachment farther into the Bay^ flnce there were fo few Frigates, and even but two of them clean, and that if the Enemy were weaker they might go into their Ports at plealure, or if fl:ronger, attempt us to Advantage; fo that it was de- termined that the Detachment intended thither, and the Defign of deftroying the fmall Embarkations at the Ifle de T)ieu (the latter whereof would have been a fine Exploit indeed for a Fleet of Ships) Ihould be deferred until there could be a better Opportunity of ef^ fedting it by a Squadron of clean Ships, with fixth Rates, and Bri- gantines, to fuftain the Boats on that Service, for there was not Water, or room enough, for any Ships of Force to he before the Fort. It was alfo refolved to put in Execution the Orders which the Ad- Refolved to miral had received, by repairing to the Station S. S.W. from 'V/banfy TTon'off of ^^ ^^^ Latitude of 46 and 47, the better to meet with any of the Ufliant. Enemy's Ships bound into or out of the Bay, and in cafe of Eafl- erly Winds to ftretch half a Degree more to the Southward, for that thereby Chap. XIII. from the Tear i^^8, to 1112, 6^$ thereby they might have a Profpedt of meeting the French Squa- dron beforementioned, if not gone from St. Alarthis ; but if the Winds came Wcfterly , it was judged moft advifeable to proceed North , To as to keep the Chanel open , and thereby be the better able to protect our Trade. The xjih. oi May the 'Dragon took a Privateer of x6 Guns and 6 Patereroe<^, and ninety Men, at the South Eaft end of the Ifland, loaden with fix hundred and fifty Hogiheads of Sugar, and fifteen Barrels of Indigo from St. T)omiugo. From the rime that the Fleet came to an Anchor in Belle Ifle Road, until the ift o{June, it blew very hard, but two Days after the Admiral weighed with an Eafterly Wind, and flood towards the appointed Station ; foon after which it came up Northerly, {o that he was forced to ply thereinto ; and receiving Orders the f th by a Frigarc called the Lyme, to detach two Ships for bringing our Trade fvom'Portugal, he accordingly fent two Third Rates, i\itNorthum- -^convoy berland and Rejlauration, on that Service, which they fuccefsfully Trlde}rom pcrfdimcd. Ponugal. About this time the Lord 2)»r/7^ *, who commanded the Litch- field, a Ship of 50 Guns, coming from the Body of the Fleet in the Soundings, met with a French Ship of War of thirty fix Guns, and two hundred and fixty Men, which, after a (lout Refiftance, his Lordlhip took, as alio z French Ship from Martinica, of 20 Guns, both which he brought with him to Spithead\ and the Admiral ha- ving refolved to flay no longer on the Station than the loth oijune being dcfirous to be timely in England for any necefTary Service, he lliapcd his Courfe homewards accordingly, and arrived at St. He- The Admiral len's after a tedious PafTage, the zifl of the aforefaid Month, with ''""'''". "'^'- two Firfl Rates, three Seconds, five Thirds, four Firefhips, the Wil- liam and AT^ry Yacht, which attended on him, and an Hofpftal Ship, having ordered the Medway and 'Dragon to cruife between the Lizard and the Ramhead^ and the Monk, Lyme, and Lowe- Jloffy on the Station he came from, to give any Ships that might be lent to him an Account of his coming off. And thus ended an Expedition with a great part of the Fleer, from which very little Advantage accrued, whatever might have been expedtcd ; and in my poor Opinion a Squadron of fmall Ships might have had much bet- ter Succefs. After Sir George Rooke had been at Spithead fome Days, the Prince fent him leave to go to the Bath for Recovery of his Health ; but before he left the Place, he tried at a Court-Martial two Seamen that had dclcrted the Service, who were condemned and executed ; and this was the firfl Inflance in a long Series of Time that the Ma- ritime Law was put in Execution on fuch Offenders. When he came to Town again he was appointed to convoy the Arch-Duke Charles (foon after declared King of Spain by the Em- pcrour his Father) from Holland to Spithead, and from thence to Lisbon; but before 1 enter on the Account of that Expedition, I • How Earl 0/ Berkeley, and Vict- Admiral e/En^hnd. will 6^6 NavalTra nfa£lionsofthe Englifli, BookV. will acquaint you with Sir C/oudeJIy S/jovell's Proceedings to and from the Mediterranean, and in the firft Place fet down the Inftru- diions which he received for that Expedition. Chap. XIV. Conta'm'tng an Account of Sir Cloudefly Shovell'^ Proceed^ mgs with a confiderable Part of the Fleet in the Medi- terranean, and of Damages done by the violent Storm which happened at his Return to England. ^"fcfo'uZ" /^^ ^^^ 4'^^ o^May 1703, Sir Cloudefly Shovell was dirededby Shoveii"^ \^^ Her Majefty, to proceed (when in the Mediterranean) to froceii to the [j^^ Coaft oi France, and lie off of Teccais, and Port Cette on the Mediterrane- ^^^^ ^^ Langiiedoc, and if he faw any Perfons on the Shore, to 1703. obferve if they made Signals, if not to do the fame to them, and finding them to be Friends, to fend his Boat for fuch as lliould dc- fire to come off to him, that {o he might be informed of the Con- ReUting to (jition of the Cevenoisy a People who had for fome time taken up r/r« Cevenois. ^^^^^ againft the Forces of the French Kmg, in Defence of their Re- ligion and Liberties. If he was fatisfied that they could convey to their Companions any Powder, Bullets and Shoes (of the latter of which it is faid he had a confiderable Quantity in the Fleet, and they in extreme Want of them) he was to iupply the fame as might be proper, and likewife to furnifli them with Money. In the next Place he was to enquire whether it was fcafible to de- sait-works at fttoy the Salt- Works at 'Peccaisy and, in luch Cafe, to land fo ma- Peccais. ny Marine Soldiers as might be necefTary, to join fuch French as would willingly co-operate in the Attempt. X. This being done, or fo much thereof as fliould be found pra- (Slicable, he was to proceed to ^Palermo in Sicily, and there obferve or make the Signals as aforefaid, and if any Perfons were ready to receive him, to fend for fbme of them, and concert the proper Me- To endeavour thods of iciziug ou TalermOj and to afTifl: in the Attempt with the mo"~'^'*''^'^ Ships and Bomb-VefTels, together with fuch Marines as might be ncceflary, as well as by all other Ways that ihould be judged ex- and, pcdient. 3. If he fucceeded in this, and that he found it pradicable to Meffina. take MeJJina, he was in that, and in all other things to do his ut- mofl: towards alTifting thofc People in freeing themlelves from their Subjedtion to France, and the then Spantjh Government, and redu- cing the Ifland to the Dominion of the Houle oi Aujlria. 4. Then he was to proceed to the Coaft of Naples, and, upon To ajfift the Siguals made to him, to afhft thofe People in like manner ; and if T^^IiTa Na- ^^ fliould find any Part of the Emperor's Army there, he was fo far pies. to affift the Officer commanding thofe Forces, in reducing Naplesy X - . or Chap. Xi V. from the Year 1658, to 1712. 6\i . -^ ■ ■ ' ■ — III or any Fare of tluc Kingdom, as ihould be ciioughc adviiesblc, and, in order chcrcunto, co land the Marines, iupoly rhcm with Mor- rars and Cannon out of the Ships and Veffcls, and in all rcipcdts co do his urmoR to alllA rhc E:iipcror's Army, or any others declaring for the Houlc oi Anjiria. 5. If in his Way to SlcUy he judged it not proper to proceeed , himlclf to Livortie, he was to lend a Ship thither; and if there To ^o or iliould be fuind any Pcrion there by the Appointment of Prince ['"'"^ " '^.^"^ *" Eugene oi' Savoy to confer with hitn, the Captain of Tuch Ship was to correfponi to receive him, if he defired ir, that ib an Account might be had '-^"^ P''"--' from him of tiic DcTigns of the laid Prince, and the Admiral him- '^^'^'^"^• ie!f be thereby the better enabled to afiift in the Attempts againft the Enemy ; in order vvhereunto he was diredled to correlpond with him, as he had Opportunities for ir, and to comply with his Defires in all Things that might be fit and proper, regard being had to the Safety of the Fleer. 6. By other Inftrudtions, dated the 4rh of i\/^, he was ordered to go with the Fleer, or to detach Ibme Ships to the Coafl of Bar- batj^ and (by virtue of the Power given him under the Great Seal) to authorize the Conluls oi Airier ^ Timis, and Tripoli^ or Ibrae Per- ^^ "-^^f -^^ ions belonging to the Fleer, or others, to treat \v:rh thole Govern- A^g^err Tu- ments, for concluding a Peace, upon Terms and Conditions which nis, andTxi- wcre to be projioi'cd, and thereupon to make the ulual Prclents. P^'^- 7. If he could prevail with them to make War againft France, _ , 1 L r xrS ti rt.-i- L ^11 To endeavour and that lome Act ot Holtility was thereupon committed, he was, to prc-vjH on that occafion, to give Inch farther Prefenrs as Ihould be judged "'"^ them tg proper : And in cafe of inch a Rupture, and that the 'Dutch Admi- Fra'nce?"' ral had Orders to treat a Peace with thole Governments, he was to adlfl: him in the Negotiation. He was alfo o'd.rcd to detach two Ships, or more, to Livorne, fomc time before his Return, with Orders to the fenior Captain to Tofe:z.es/3ips make ufe of all Opportunities of taking or deftroying any of the E- "dmln'^ mcZf nemy's Ships going into, or coming out of that Port, and to de- Livomc dare the realbn thereof to be, becaule the Gr^^ Duke had not ftrid:- ly kept the Neutrality with relation to the Fr^cb, nor done Right to Her Majefty's Subjects ; for which realou the aforelaid Command- ing Officer was to require an immediate Punifliment of the Gover- nor of Livornc, by removing him from his Employment. 9. Farthcrmore, he was to require a pofitive Declaration and Af^ to reclaim furancc from the Great Duke, that no Seaman, her Majefty's Sub- i^ngii'li i"^-*- jed:, ihould for the future be detained by him againft his Will, but Dal/l/i'uf- permitted ro embark freely on board the Queen's Ships, or thoie of cany. her Subjects, or Allies : And if, upon thole Demands, entire Satis- faction was not made, the Admiral was to return home by Ltvorne-, and by all ways pradicablc to cxad; it. 10. If he detached any Ships into the Adriatick Seas, purfuaut to endeavour to other Inftrudtions ho had or ihould receive, he was to order their '°'^*^?^... Captains to take all Opportunities of deftroying any F^«/f/j Ships ,J^^,\ene- or VcfTels in the Venetian Ports, and to require from that State a tian vorts, Releafe of Her Majefty's Subjects detained in their Ships, Gallies, 0£ 6^^ NavalTra7?faBhns of the Englifh, BookV. and or Dominions ; and in cafe of Refuial, to endeavour to take their reciicr our Subje(5ls out of thcir Ships*, and to detain thcni until ours were i,eamenjrcm cleared, othcrvvifc to bring them to E/igUu^. And he was farther to require of rhera iir.mediate Satisfaction, and Reparation, for the Ship and Loading they I'ud'ered to be burnt by the French at Ma/a- mocco, or if they refufed, to do his beft Endeavours to make Repri- sals on them. II. By other Inftrudions from Her Majcfty, dated the 7th of Mayy he was farther ordered, that when he had iccn the Merchant . Ships as near to Lisbon^ Genoa, Livorne, and fuch otiicr Ports as mif^ht be necclT.iry for their Safety, and allotted particular Convoys to Smyrna, Conjlantinople, and Scanderoon, he fhould proceed with the Remainder of the Fleet, Englijh and 'Dutch, to the Coafts of To proceed to NupU's and S'lcUy, and there call a Council of War of the Flags of Naples and both Notions, and alio of the Colonels, or Commanders in Chief of ^"^''^' the Regiments of Marines and Land- Forces, and with them confider how he might beft affift the Emperor's Forces in rhofe Parts, not on- and ly with the Ships, but the i'aid Marine Soldiers, Mortars, and Guns, in any Attempts the faid Forces of the Emperor, or others in favour aljlfltheTroop! of the Houfe oi Aujlria iliould make, and to join, and co-operate of the uoiife ^vith them in annoying the Enemy according to what fhould be <./Aullri,i. ^ J ■' ° •' ° agreed. To do his ut- IX. It was alio recommended to him to take all Opportunities of moll, ,i at lack- attacking Cadiz, Thoulon, or any Place on the Coaft oi FrancCy Thoulon.c/f. ^^ Spain, as alfo their Ships, Gallies, or Magazines, provided fuch Attempts might not interrupt the principal Service he was going upon. To endeavour 13- If hc got Intelligence that the French had any confiderable to deftro-) Magazines near Genoa, and a Council of War fhould agree that by French xia- jjjjjjjjj^gr Marines at Torto Spezza, (a little Town belonsing to the ^azwes near o .* ' \ iiin Genoa. Republick ofGenoaJ or ellewhere, they might be dcuroy'd, he was to further the Attempt, by giving all poflible AlFiftance and Pro- tection to the Men, i^ their landing, and reimbarking, lb far as the lame might be confil^t with the Safety of the Ships. pou-er to dif- 14. He had libcrt^ to apply any Prize, Provifions, or Stores, to fofe of Prizes: ^\^Q ufc of the Scamcu, with the Privity of the Prize- Officer in the Fleet, but to keep an exadt Account thereof lo make a 1^. If he Ihould Want Water, or other Refrelhraejats, he was em- ;>«« upon powered to make a Truce, and to treat with the Enemy for a Sup- occajion, r , 1 1 l t 1 1 -r. 1 1 <- r^ r n and ply ; and he had liberty to give Rewards to delerving Perlons for reward de- extraordinary Services done in the Expedition, out of the Money fons'"^ ^" advanced for defraying the Contingencies of the Fleer. To treat-the ^6. It was recommcndcd to him to treat the Subjects of the Grand Subjects of Ai- Seignior, and all other Princes and States in Amity with Her Maje- ^f'riendiy %' °'' ^^^ StatcsGeueral, in a friendly manner, and to take the manner. bcft carc he could that the 'Dutch did not moleft any of our laid Allies, though not in Friendlhip with them. But if he happen'd to Vait'f^aiLif^^^^ with ill Treatment from any Neuter Nation, or that they af^ III treated ly fiftcd the Enemy, and retulcd the like to him when he might have Ntuttrs. occafiou, he was to demand Satisfa<5lioD, and to take it by Force if refuled ; Chap. XIV. from theTear 16^8, to 1712. 6^^ rcfufcd ; though this was only to be done in his Paflage down the Streights. 17. When he had performed fuch Services as he was able for the Advantage of Her Majcfty, and Her Alhe?, he was to confider at a CcuDcil of War the moll proper time for returning home, and of the bed means of taking on board the Guns, Mortars, fmall Arras, and Ordnance-Stores, and alfb the Marine Soldiers, unlels he Ihould find it ncccfTary, and for the Service of Her Majefty's Allies to r<. corfiitr leave the Guns or Mortars, Carriages, fmall Arms, or Ordnance- ^^''' ''^rviui Stores, or any part of them on Ihore. And he was alio to confi- ^^^^,' l,^ ^^"* der what Services might be done by annoying the Enemy in his turn homt. Reruru home, but to have a regard to join the Ships detached for Convoys, or on particular Services, and to bring with him all the Trade that could be gotten together. 18. If he received good Intelligence that any French Ships were x» take, or in the Adriatick Sea, molefting the Emperor's Convoys for Italy^ -/ench and it Ihould be judged lafe, after the Detachments were made, he ^l^^l"^^^' was empowered to lend thither fuch a Number of Ships as a Coun- cil of War llioulJ think expedient, for burning or delboying the E- ncm) , in any Place or Port within that Gulph, except the Roads and PcTiS of the Grand Seignior. ly. He was directed to communicate to the 'Dutch Admiral his t« "«"»«»«- Inftrudions, and to defire hi;n to do the like to him, as a Matter ftrueiwm'^'ti) which might conduce very much to the carrying on the Service. the Dutch 20. in Confideration of the Diftance which might be between him ^'^'""■'''• and home, he was empowered to exchange Prifoners for fuch of Her Power to ex-^ Majefty's Subjeds as had or fhould be taken by Ships of the Ene« f/J^^l ^''''■ my, or othervvile detained, and therein to proceed by the Rule direutch. N°. Guns each. Total of Guns. I of ■ 94 1 90 3 jz y> 86x. 5 ' 64 I ■ 5-2, J befides two fmall Frigates, three Firediips, and three Bomb-Veffels. So that there were forty fevea Ships of the Line of Battel, with twenty two others, and the Number of Guns of the faid Ships of the Line were 3376. The Admiral With this confidcrablc Fleer, and the Trade, the Admiral failed fail', and re- from Cufcais the 3 ill: of Juljy and came off Cape Spartelltho. 4th '^i'^lftfty, of Aurrufl, where he met with a frclh Levant Wind. Here Captain shifs. Norris joining him, gave him an Account that there were twelve French Gallies at Cadiz, but none of their Men of War on the Spa- nijh Coafts ; and he had alfo Intelligence by SxxThomas Hardy that twenty two great Ships had paffed by Faro from Weft-France into the Streights^ and that the Conful there was informed they had a- bove forty Ships of War ar Thoulon. The flrong Levant Winds forced him into Tangier Road the 9rh o^ Auguft, but failing again the izth, he arrived in Alt ea Bay, the Place of Rendezvous, the jifl:; and having pretty well watered the Fleet, (wherein he met with Afliftance rather than Interruption from the Spaniards) he failed the 3d of September, and not having Intelligence of any French Ships in thole Seas, he lent forward the Turky Trarfe Trade to Smyrna and Conftantinople , with a Third and Fourth fent forivard Rate, and that tor Scan deroon with two Ships of the like Strength, ordering both Convoys to keep Company as far as their way lay to- gether, and accordingly they parted from the Fleet the 9th off of the Ifland oi Formentera. Two Days after there was a Meeting of the Flag-Officers, both Eiglifh and "Dutch, when Admiral AUcmonde declared he was ob- liged by his Inltrudtions to be in Holland by thezoth oi November, and Chap. XIV. from the Tear 16^8, to 1712. 6S3 and that fincc his Ships were victualled for no longer time, it was fie for him to be looking homeward. Our Admiral let him know that his Orders required his going to Liijorne ; that a Separation might be of ill Confequence, and that the Queen and Council ex- Dutch .Jitch Flags, and, for the Realbns afore-mentioned, it was refolved that the Fleet Ihould proceed homeward thei6th, if pofTible, or the next ^'Z"''"''"' '" Day at fartheft, Wind and Weather permitting; but I will leave them ""'""^ """'' I fox 654- NavalTranfaBmts of the Englifh, BookV. for a while, and give lome Account of what pafTed at Livorne du- ring the Admiral's being there. He anchored in the Road the 19th of September^ in the Night, (as 1 have already acquainted you) and next Day in the Afternoon the Town fired five Guns, foon after which the Governor fent off fome Officers to welcome Sir Cloudejly Shovell into thofe Partr,"^ and to acquaint him that the five Guns from the Town was intended a Salure to the Qiieen of England's Flag. This not giving Satisfa- ^■r, , .. dion, he fcnt him Word he was much lurprized at it, and that be saUns at Li- could not reccivc any Compliment, nor admit of any Vifir, untit vorne. t}ue Honour was paid to Her Majefty in this Point. Anfwer was made that they gave no more Guns to ^'\x John Narb}ongh, the Duke oi Grafton, nor Admiral Aylmer, who all bore the lame Flag. But here it is to be obferved, that the Cafe was very different; for although Sir Cloudejly Shovell's Flag was the fame with thofe they bore, yet it was accompanied with leveral other?, both Englijh and 'Dutch., whereas their's were fingle. Next Day Sir Lambert Blackwell, Her Majefty's Envoy, came on board the Admiral, and informed him that feveral Couriers had pafTed to and from Florence, in relation to the Salute, and it rook up three Days before any Reiblution was taken by the GrandDuke\ but on the Z4th the Englijh Vice-Conful, with the Captain of the Port, came aboard from the Governor oi Livorne, who promifed, that the Citadel, from whence all Salutes are made, ihould fire eleven saicei aTreed Guns, if thc Admiral would engage to return Gun for Gun, w hich he «/■"«• affured them ftiould be done, whereupon they went immediately a- lliore, and the Salute was accordingly made, and anlwered, Iboa after which the 'Dutch Admiral faluted the Citadel with eleven Guns, they returning the fame Number. Thc i8rh the Count de Lemberg, AmbafTador from his Imperial Majefty at Rome, came on board the Admiral, and acquainted him that the Arch duke was proclaimed King of Spain, whereupon he Guns fired up- and the reft of our Flag-Officers fired twenty one Guns each, and on the Arch- all the othct Ships fifteen; the Dutch firing likewifc, loon af- dukes he,r,g ^^^ ^^^ Ambafladoi had rowed along the Side of their Admiral, for x/»jc/Spain. he did not go on board of his Ship. Thc Winds continued Wefterly, and Southerl)', with hard Gales, which obliged Sir Cloudejly Shovell to remain at Livorne until the id of O^ober, when a Levant fpringing up he failed, but it failing The Fleet frc- loou after, he met with great Difficulty in getting Weftward oiCor- ceeds heme- jica, whcrc he arrived not before the loth oi OBober : And before wards. j^^ (ailcd from Livorne he writ to the Great Duke, demanding Sa- tisfadtion, in Her Majefty's Name, as he was dired:ed, who promi- fed fair, but performed little. Captains de The Day he parted from thefaid Port oi Livorne, he gave Orders puied to treat fo Captain Svi'anton* of the Exeter to proceed with feveral Ships to r;''rnipoU '^^'"'■^ 3nd Tripoli, and commiflioned him and Captain Arris, toge- ther with the Conluls at thole Places to renew and confirm, in Her * since Comptroller of the Navy. Majefty's Chap. XIV. from the Tear 1^98, to 1112. 055 Mojcily's Name, rhe Treaties of Peace and Commerce with them, and ro deliver Her Alajcft) 's Prefents. When that was done Cape. S'X'an- ton, together wich the 'Tartar, was ordered to join the Sniyrna Convoy at that Place, and Captain Arrls^ with the Flamborougb, andTi'rr/^/t' Firelhip, to \\y\\.o Cyprus zwAScanderoon, to ftrengthen the Convoy to the Trade there; but the Exeter and Tartar met not rhoic they were fcnt in Search of! The Admiral being got as low as the Ifland of Corfica before- Rear-^dmi- mentioncd, he ordered Rear- Admiral i?)7/j7, with five Third Rates ''"? ^^."^ ''^" 1 xf/ • 1 1 T^ I 1 ^ potr.ted CO to proceed lo Atgter, and renew the Peace with that Government, neatxviththe and after he had lb done to join the Fleet, if pofTible, before he Aigerines. got through the Streights., otherwife to make the beft of his Way to England. On the iith^ between Nine and Ten at Night, there arofe a fud- dcn Srormof Wind, with Lightning, Rain, and Thunder, which did confidcrable Damage to the Ships in their Marts, Sails, and Rig- ging, but it laftcd not long ; lo that the Fleet jogging down the Streights, they were off A/tea the xzd, where they anchored, and The Fleet landed between three and four hundred Marines, to protedt the Men '""^^ "" ^'' employed in filling Water. The Admiral having promifed the Alcayd o( Alcazar, that when he returned down the Streights he would offer to him Articles for Peace between Her Majcfty and the Y.m]^trox o^ Morocco, he ac- Deputation to cordingly empov^'er'd Mr. Tertius Spencer, a Merchant in Barbary, '""'^^ ^"^ to preicut them, and by Letter to the Alcayd excufed his not calling <>/ Morocco. on him ; for being obliged to proceed forthwith home, he ordered Sir Thomas Hardy in the Bedford, together with the Somerfet, and Lizard, to ftretch a-head, and having put the Papers alhore at Tangier, to make the beft of his Way to England, if he could not timely join the Fleet. The 17th the Admiral met with a Ship ofyllgier, of x6 Guns, be- ^•'^« Admiral calmed in the Streights Mouth ; and fmce the T^utch had War with KT^^' "" that Government, he protected her until fiich time as they were from tht all paft by ; and bcmg informed that there were feveral Merchant Dutch. Ships in the Ports of 'Portugal, which waited for Convoy to Eng- land, he ordered Sir Andrew Leake in the Grafton, with another Third Rate, a Fourth, a Fifth, and a Firelhip, to proceed to Lis- bon, and to protect the faid Trade ro \.\\tT)owns. The Fleet arrived off of the Iflj oi JVight the i6th oi November, the Tiutch having crouded away for their Ports, and foon after the Admiral came to an Anchor in the Tiowns, who during the whole ^^^ Fleet ar- Voyagc met with luch fivourablc Weather (except the Ihort Storm dowi"' '*' bcforemenrioncd) that the Ships were little the worlc for the Ex- pedition, but many of the Men were fick and weak, and not lels than fifteen hundred died; but before he made the Land Captain Norris in the Orford, a Ship of the Third Rate, together with the Warfpight of 70 Guns, and the Litchfield oi 5-0, being a- head of the Fleet, gave Chale to a French Ship of War, and beginning to engage about Eight at Night, the Dilpute continued until Two in the Morning, when having loft her Fore-top-maft, and all her Sails, and I'llS. 6s6 NavalTranfaBionsofthe'EngVifh, BookV. A French and hcf ftandin{» and running Rigging being much fhattered, fhc ship called fjruck. This Ship came from Newfoundland, was commanded by ous taken, ' Monficur dc lu Ruc,, was named the Hazardous, and had 50 Guns mounted, with three hundred and feventy Men, but had more Ports, and was larger than any of our 60 Gun Ships, fo that ftie was re- gifter'd in the Lift of our Royal Navy. Chap. XV. Contahimg an Account of the Damages done by the violent Storm m 1703. A S it hath too often happened to Merchants, that when their J^\^ Ships have been almoft in View of the dcfign'd Port, feme unucky Accident hath daihed alt their hopes, and entirely deprived them nf the longed-for Loading, fo it almoft fared with Sir Cloudejly Shovell, and the Ships of War which I'ailed with him from the ^ovmis towards the River, which were the Triumph, /ijfociatmiy and St. George, Second Rates, and the Cambridge, Rujfel, T)orfet' Jhire, Royal Oak, and Revenge, of the Third Rate ; for on the xyrh Day of November, between the Hours of Two and Five in the Morning, when he was at Anchor at the Gunfleet , a violent Storm arole at W. S. W. the like whereof hath fcarcely happen'd in the Memory of Man. To defcribe the many unhappy Accidents which attended this Tempeft, is altogether impoflible ; and there- fore fince thofc who were both Ear and Eye-WitncfTes to it on Ihorc, muft doubtlefs retain a lively Scnfe of its Fury, I ftiall only relate what Damages the Publick iiiftained at Sea, without particu- larizing the great LolTes of the Merchants in their Shipping, and of the Nation, by the unhappy drowning of fo confiderable a Num- ber of our Seafaring People. D4W47«j/«- Sir Cloudejly Shovell himfelf veered out more than three Cables flained in the of his bcft Bowcr, but it was not long before the Anchor broke. Storm. Soon after the Tiller of the Rudder gave way, and before the Rud- der itfcif could be lecurcd, it was torn from the Ship, which {hook her Stcrn-Poft lb much, that Ihe proved very leaky, infomuch that four Chain, and one Hand Pump were conftantly employ 'd to keep her free. This obliged them to let go the Sheet-Anchor, and to veer out to it all the Cables, but even that did not ride the Ship, for ihe continued driving near a Sand called the Galloper, the Breach The Admiral whcreof was in their View. In this Extremity the Admiral ordered cuts away his t^g Main-maft to be cut by the Board, by which the Ship being Main-maj . ^^^^^'^ cafcd, ihc rid faft; but four of the eight which came out of the 'Downs with him were mifling, namely the ^Jfociaiiony Rujfel, Revenge, and T)orfetJhirey of which I come now to give an Ac- count. Sir I I Chap. XV. from the Tear i<^^8, to 1712. (^57 S'n Stafford Fair born, Vice- kdiva'xxoX of the Red, had his Flag '^'^ociation flying in the Aijoc'iatioii, and her Cable parting about Four in the ^llr'Ancb^s^ Morning, the Pilot let go the Sheet- Anchor, and veer'd out a Cable and gets to and a halt", but the Ship not looking towards it, fhe drove about Se- Gottenburgh. ven in the Morning over the North End of the Galloper^ in eight Fathom Water, where there broke againft her lo great a Sea, that it made her lie along for ibrae time, without any hopes of her right- ing again. The Ship loon drove into deeper Water, and dragged her iraall Bower Anchor, with the beft Bower, and Sheet Cables; but at length, by the help of a Piece of the Sprit-fail, (the Wind be- ing too violent for more) they wore her, and brought her to with her Head Northward. The 17th at Night they drove with Yards and Top-mafts down, and the next Morning judged thcralclves drawing near the Coaft of Holland, fome of the other Ships being then in fight making the bell iliift for themfclves they could. In fine, it was not without the greatefl Difficulty and Hazard, that the Vice- Admiral got away w'ith her at length into the Harbour o{ Gottenburgh, towards which Place he Ibmetimes drove, and Ibmctiraes failed, as Winds and Weather would permit. He arrived there the i irh of 'December., having for fome time being given over as loft, for there was not any News of him until I received his Letter, which bore that Date, he having loft three Anchors, and five Cables, together with the Long-boat and Pinnace; and the great want of ProvifionSjand ocherNecefTaries in that cold Coun- try, mightily pinched the poor Men who had ibfFered ib much before. Being furnilhed from Copenhagen (and that in a very friendly man- ner) with what Anchors, Cables, and other things were neceflary for the Security of the Ship in her PafTage home, he arrived at the Gunfleet the 15th oi^ January (the Place he was driven from in the violent Storm) with feveral Merchant Ships under his Convoy ; where he had not been long at an Anchor, e'er another feverc Gale of Wind happen'd, which might have been well accounted a Storm, had not the prodigious Violence of the other, and its dreadful Ef- feds, been freih in Memory ; but it pleafed God the Ship rid faft without farther Damage. The Revenge, commanded by Captain William Kerr, was like- ^'^^ Revenge wife forced from her Anchors, and drove over the North Endof the ^"^^'^"" Galloper in Icfs than four Fathom Water, as her Captain gave an Account ; and as ibon as Day appcar'd, the Affoeiation, Rrijfell, and ''Dorfetjhire were in fight of her, driving with their Heads to the Southward. Captain Kerr fome time after put for Helvoet- Sluys, on the Coaft of Holland, having neither Anchors nor Ca- bles, but the Wind dulicring, he could not reach that Harbour, {o that he ftood off again, and Ibme time after meeting with t\\t Not- tingham, (which Ship, as well as others, was lent out with Anchors, Cables, ^c. to adift thofe in Diftrcfs) he by that means chop'd to an Anchor in Sonthifold bxy, and afterwards brought his Ship iafe into the River Aledtsjay. The Rtijfell was in like manner ibrccd from the Gunfleet ; for t^' ?"'^'^'] bctwecnTwelvc and One at Night her bcft Bower Cable parted ; where- J^^^^ „/ hoiI P p p p upon land. 658 AavalTrariJaStiofisofthchngliih, BookV. upon Captain I/aac 'Townfeiid *, her Commander, let go the Shcct- Anchor, and Ihiall Bovver, bur thole could not luflain the Violence of the Wind. At Four in the ^ orni^g he was obliged to cut away his Long-boat, and immediately afer lort his Rudder, whirh caufcd a Leak in the Stern-Poll, and mucli Water came inro the Bre-^d and Fifli Rooms. In this Diftiels the Poop and Quarrer-Dcck Guns were thrown overboard, rhe better to draw the Water to the Pumps, by poifing the fore part of rhe Ship, which was much lighrncd hy the want of the Anchors and Cables ; and this had, in a great meaJure, its defired Effcd. On Sunday the Wind was at W. N. W. and N. W. and it being judged char the Ships drew near to Gcree, it was con- cluded that Ihe mull unavoidably dm e on flicvc by Midnight. Tiie Captain therefore ordered two Guns to be flung with the Top- Chains, and made them h'\ to the Sheet Cables, that fo her Diifc to the Land might be the flower ; and at Six at Night falling into twelve and fourteen Fathom Water, he had Hght of a Light, which he took to be either the Ifland of Goree, or of Schowen. At half an FTour pad Ten the Ship came into feven Fathom Water, and then her Commander let go his Scream, and frapt it to a Kedge Arxhor, in hopes the Cable whii^h the Guns were made fafl: to, and this veered to the better end, would ride her in lb ihoa! Water, bur (he came Head to Wind in five Fathom, and, dragging all home, tailed inro four, when Ihc flruck twice, but not violently. The Water deepcn'd to five, fix, ieveu, and eight Fathom, and it was very Imoorh, but the Stream Cable foon broke, and call the Ship North- ward, io th t Ihe drove with the Wind on the Beam, and a great Breach was fcen right to Leeward ; whereupon they cut away the Cables, and let her Fore-fail and Fore-top-lail, u ith all polTible Di- ligence, by w hich they were in four Fathom and a half, and imme- diately the Ship flruck, but fwimming llill by the Stern, the Blcnv put her right before the Wind, and fo Ihe miraculoufly got over the Shoal, after fhe had touched leveral times. The Water loon deepcn'd from four to twelve Fathom, and then became gradually lower, un- til they pitched her on Ihore on the Ouze, about two Miles below Helvoet-Sluys^ a little after Three in the Morning ; from whence, by the great Pains, and particular Induflry of her Commander, llie was gotten off^ and put in a Condition to come to England in lit- tle time. The Dorfet- The fourth Ship which was thus driven from the Gmiflect was ^lllt'dZVr ^^^T^orfetjh'tre, mounted with 80 Guns. Coi^um Edxvmd TVhit- grea nger. ^^^^^. ^^ j^^^. Commander, found himfelf under luch Circuradances as not to be able to fct any Sail, but was forced to lie at the Mercy of the Sea, and Wind, which drove him diredly upon the Tail ot the Galloper, where flie flruck three times, but received little or no Damage. He made a very hard ihifc to keep the Sea, and arrived at the Nore the i^th oi' 'i>ecembe}\ having ni his PafTagc taken up a fmall Bower Anchor and Cable which belonged to another Ship, * since a Commijfioner of i/ze Na-vy. I Since Knighted, and a tlag- Officer. and Chap. XV. from the Tear i<^^8, to 1712. 6s9 aad were of very great Service to him, for he had loft moft of his own. Thefe Ships, and thdfe which rid faft at the Gunfleet, miraculoufly efcaped, but ir fared not fo weil with the Men of War and Merchant Ships in the 'Ufrj^jtis. Of the former there were Jofl: on the Good- ^'"P' '<>fl '» rx>in Sands the Mary, a Ship of 60 Guns, zndxhc Northumberlatid, '-!^'i,^°'^^ll.. Reftauratioii ^ and SterLing-Cajile , each of 70 ; nor were \\\sxq Admiral more than eighty Men fayed of the whole Number which belonged Beaumont to them. Kc'3i.x-k<\m\x A Beaumont, whole Flag was flying in the '^ ' Mary, perillied among tlic reft : A Gentleman who was very much lamented, and that dclervcdly too ; for he was not only every way qualified to lerve his Country, but was thus unhappily Inatch'd away even in the Prime of his Years. Although the Trlnc-e George, where Vice- Admiral Leake's Flag other Misfor- was flying, as alio t!ic Effex, Sbre-oijsbury, Eagle, Content, Chat- 'Ijhe^mm. ham, AJJijiance, Mary Gaily, and Hunter Fireihip, happily rid it our in the ^Dowis , wich all their Mafts ftanding, yet the Kajfau, a Ship of 70 Guns, cut away her Main-maft, the Guardland and 'Dunwich all their Maft^ as the 'Pojiiliton-''lr'rize did her Main and Mizcn ; and there were five great Ships, with two imall ones, leen tiding to the Northward with all their Mafts by the Board. It was a miferablc Sight to behold many of the Ships in the T^owns ; for as they were almoft torn in pieces by the Violence of the Wind, lo was it not poiTiblc to give them any help from the Shore, even when they were in the greatcft Extremity, and conti- nually firing Guns for Relief; befides the Wind was at W. S. W. and they could not poffibly carry a Knot of Sail to enable them to cling the Shore, fo that many of them periflied on the Good'-^in Sands, GreatBamag* and of about one hundred fixty Sail, of all Ibrts, which were in the ^""^ '" '^' "Dovjus the Day before, not more than (eventy were feen the next Morning, and many of them were only floating Bottoms, for all their Mafts were gone by the Board; but leveral of the Merchant Ships and Vcflxls milTing were afterwards heard of either m Holland, N.or'-s^ay, or the Ports of this Kmgdom. Among the Ships at Spit head, the Vefuv'ms Firefliipwas ftranded i^'fif^'efs fione near SoitthfeaCaJile, but her Men were all laved, and Ihe was af- "' ^" terwards got off with great Difficulty. The Firebrand Firefliip loft her Main-maft, and {he J efferics Hofpiral Ship knock'd her Rudder off upon the Sand called the Spit. The Newca/ilc, of fo Guns, as alio the Litchfield 'Prize, a Fifth Rate, were lorced on fliore, the latter being afterwards got ofT, but there was not more than twen- ty four of the Men belonging to the former laved, of which Num- ber the Carpenter was the only Officer. The BurHngtoii, a Fourth Rate, loft all her Mafts, and the Merchant Ships and VcfTels which were at Spithead luffcrcd greatly, inlomuch that the Coaft thcre- aboiirs was almoft covcr'd with dead Bodies. Several Ships of War were at this time in TarmouthKosids, name- ^/'""S' '" ly the 'Portland, Adviccr, and Triton, all Fourth Rates, and the ^^adt. Nightingale a Fifth, which rid out the Scorm without much Da- mage ; but the X7th, about. Eight in the Mjorning, the. Referve, a P p p p 1 Fourth 6Gq NavalTra??fa6iio7isoftheEng\i{h, BookV. Fourth Rai-c, was fccn with all her Marts gone, and only her En- fign- Staff ftanding, firing Guns for help, which it was impofilble ro give her, io that about twelve a Clock flic tounder'd, and not one Soul belonging to her was laved. The Lynu and Margate^ by o- thcr Ships driving on board them, were obliged to cut away their Marts, and rid in no little Danger near St. Nicholas Sand. ' k rich Merchant Ship, bound for the Scwj:;^ was drove on the (aid Sand, and finking within three Hours, the Sea broke over her, but the Lynn fortunately took up her Men ; and of a confidcrablc Fleet of Merchant Ships and Vertcls which were in the Road, but few were leen the next Day, fome of them being driven out to Sea, and others Shipwreck'd on the Sands. fo particularize all the Difarters which happen'd by this dread 'ul Tcmpert, would ahnort of itlelf require a jurt Volume, lb numerous were the difmal Effcdts of ir all along the Coart ; nay the very Ships in our Harbours efcaped not its Violence ; for, among other Accidents A Second Rate jj^^, J/autgiiard , of 90 Guns, was forced from her Moorings in (h'Je'"at'chit- Chatham River, and by that means rcnder'd unfit for farther Ser- hnm. vice; but this Lois, indeed, as it happen'd, was iuconfiderable, fiuce flie was lb weak before as to rcqune rebuilding. Rear-Admi- Rcar-AdiTiiral Beaumont had, all the preceding Summer, to the monfT/'rj- ^•'■'^'^ ^'^ '"'''S unfortunate Lois larcly mentioned, been employ 'd with ceedhg! off of a Squadfon of Ships which were particularly appointed to look af- DunisMik, and f^j. f^ofe at Tluukirlz and Ojtcnd^ of whole Proceedings on that Ser- 'w^ Zlntiil vice ic will be proper in this Place to give iorae Account. ieforehe pc- The 29th oi May he lent Advice to the Lord High-Admiral of '^stlt'" ''" xhc'DuJikirkers being at Sea, he having fcen them in the Road the J703. Afternoon of the x8th, but though he had even difcovered them go- ing our, it would have been importible for him at that time to have got up his Anchors. Upon this Intelligence feveral Orders were fent by Exprefs, giving Caution to all the Sea Ports, and for rtopping the Convoys which were Northward, and the Rear- Admiral proceeding in fcarch of the Rear- Ad,,,;- Eucmy, got fight of them fiom the Mart head, the 6th of Jufie, at raiiieiiiimont Po^jr jn fhc Moming, in the Latitude of ^6\ He hud little Wind f"/ Dunkirk- "'i"^'' clcvcn a Clock, and then they making what Sail they could ers, from him, he chafed them all that Day, bur could not come nearer ^■"' than four Leagues, and at Nine the next Night lort fight of them, ret!ain at Vienna, took his Journey towards Holland foon after, in order to his Majefty's em- barking, with his Minifters and Retinue, on board forae Engiiflo and 'Dutch Ships of War appointed to attend him to Lisbon, wheie he was expedcd with great Impatience, that lb both he and his Ally, the King of Tortugal, might timely take the Field with their Forces againft the Duke of Anjou, \^ho had been advanced to the Sfaniftj Throne by his Grandfather the French King. Sir George Rooke, Vice Admiral oi England, and Admiral of the Fleet, was appointed by Her Majefty to condudt this young King to Lisbon, and letting fail for Holland, in order to receive his Majefty on board, arrived in the Maes the i6th oi061ober, where the King was expected the Night following. The Admiral fent back the Northumberland, a Third Rate, (one of thofe afterwards unhappily loft in the Storm on the Cood'izjinJ becaufe flie was too big to go into Goree, and the Tanther's Mafts being fprung, Ihe was ordered to Tortfmouth to be refitted ; lb that he kept with him only the Tiger, Newport, and a few other Ships; but fince the Woolwich, Swallow, Vigo, and Swan were defigncd on this Service, he prels'd their being lent over without Delay, for that Chap.X V'l. from the Tear 1 6 y8, to 1712. rhac the- Retinue of his CathoHck Majedy would, for want of them, be very much incommoded, Specially fiiicc no mere than two of the twelve T>Htch Ships were yet ready. The Forces begin to embark on board the Tranfj^ort-Ships the i6th, and Count IVratiJl.i-jv, the Emperor's Envoy to our Court, but then \\\ Holland., defirmg to know whuther the Admiral wculd anlwcr for the Security of the Ferlon of the King of Spain from the 'Dunkirk Ships, in his PafTage to Spithead, in regard there was yet but tew Englifh and Dutch Ships of War to convoy his Majc- fty as far as the 'Dorz'ns., he judged thi- a Matter of io much Con- Icqucncc as to advile with the Eiigtijh Captains then prt lent, who were all of Opinion that i'i the Convoy could be made up to eight Ships of War, cither by the Dutch^ or by the Arrival of any from England^ k might be a iufficient Force to lecure His Maji-fly, as well as the Tranlpt rt Snips, to the Doiz'ns., where they w( uld meet with an additional Force to accompany rhcm to Spithead. Neither the Ships from ZeeLind^ nor thofc expected from England were arrived the ^rh oi i\o'vember\ and therefore the Srates-General shipiwantwg agreed that Admiral Callemberg, wiih thofc from the TexH, (Imnld Ma':"fiy}n)r'n come before the Maes, and join the Ships and Yachts irorn Goree^ Holland, but in this the laid Admiral was prevented, for in his PafTage fr^m the Texelj he was driven by the violent Srorm far N'>rrhward, which Icparated, and much Ihattercd his Squadron, as well as tiie Tranfport Ships, infomuch that he did not arrive at Spithead., in a confiderabie time after. The Troops being embarked, and the King of Spain on board, ^^^ ^-^^ the Admiral lailed, but the Winds taking him contrary, and blow- comes on ins hard, his Maj' fty thought it convenient to go on 'Shore the ^'""''^' ^"f nth of- Diovemher, and accordingly was carried up to Rotterdam, aiam. from whence he went to the Hague, but took very few of his Re- tinue, and little of his Bagg.ige with him, that ib he might be in the greater Readinefs to put t-) Sea upon the firfl Opportuniry, which the Englijh and Dutch Officers were of Opinion they ought not to do with the Wind farther Southerly than the S E. or E. S. E, con- fidcring the Sealon of the Year, and the Number of Tranlports they were to take Care of Before the King left Holland, the Storm (which I have zlrc-ady several sh. given an Account of) put both the Ships of War and Tranfporrs in '» Huihna very great Dilbrdcr. The Vigo, a Ship of the Fourth Rate, (ior- '':^^/^ ^JJJ_ merly our Dartmouth, and taken from the French at Vigo') was driven alhorc jufl; upon the Weft Pier head oi HelvOiit-Sluys; but all the Officers and Men, as well as thofe who belonged to the King of Spain were fortunately favcd. The Rochcftcr, a Fourth Rare, loft her Main and Fore- top- mafts, and by another Ship's driving athwart her Hawlc, llie narrowly clca- ped being on ihore. Many of the Tranfport Ships were on the Ground, but the JVool^sjich, Siz'allo-s:, Tiq^er, and Green^Ji'tch h.id the good Luck to ride it out. Some or them drove on board the Ne-sjport, a imall Frigate, and carrying away her Bowlprir, fiic was forced to cut all her Mafts away, but was brought lafe into the ' Pier; ns 66^- NavalTranfaclions of the Englilli, BookV. Pier ; and the Soian was forced on Shore, but afterwards got off again. To make o;ood thefe Misfortunes the States-General cauled the utmofl; Afliftance to be given, but by reaibn of Dama;4es liirtained, T/>;. OT.'ittch Ships of War, having four Fourth Rates, and one Fifth of ours, with which s'lr George he arrived at Spithead. There came out but thirteen Tranfport Kooke^comes Ship?, thc rcrt bciug left behind, for the Admiral was expreflly or- to Spitne.ia. jgj.g^ [jy jj^g Qiiccn to lail with the firft fair Wind, and to take with him fuch of thofc VefTels as iliould then be ready. pWn^Georre The Duke of Somerfet, Mailer of the Horfe to the Qiieen, and "^"fm't'l'om. fJ^e Duke of Marlborough, Captain- General of Her Majefty's For- fUment His CCS, wcrc appointed to go on board the Squadron at Spithead, and caihoiUkAia- jq ^^,^j^ q,^ {-jjg Caflioiick Majefty on Shore ; and His Royal High- ^Lis'sujcjiy nefs thc Prince of 'Denmark met him on the Road to JVindfor, cametoWxnA- whetc thc Quccn, and many of the Nobility came Ibme time be- '^^''' ""'Yrr fore to receive him. His Majefty remained a fmall time at Court, thence return- • j • r XL i"- LI u- ed to roitf- where he was not only entertained m every relpect luitable to his mouch. Dignity, but very much to his Satisfaction, and then taking leave of thc Qiiecn, he let forward kvTortfmouth, in order to profecute his Voyage to Lisbon, where His Majefty was altogether as impatient to be as the King of Tortugal and his People were for His Pre- lence. There was a Neceflity of remaining fome time at Spithead to re- ceive on board the Marine?, to Ihifr the King's Retinue, and to make Draughts of Men from other Ships to put thofc dcfigned to accom- pany His Majefty in a failing Condition ; but on the 4th oi January The Fleet fails thc Admiral was unm.oored, and on the 6th flood towards the Back a^ai". of the Ifle of /right to join the Tranfport Ships which went tho- rough the Needles. Next Morning he was oifof the Start, having fcnt thc S'uoallo'VJ before to Tlimoutb to call the Ships from thence; and on the nth he reached the Latitude of 46' and ii"", where he met with Wcfter- ly Winds and very bad Weather, infomuch th.-xt he was obliged to bring to about Eleven that Night with his Head to the Northward, and the Storm continued until Saturday Noon, when it Ibmewhat abating, in the Evening it was quite calm. The Squadron was the 15'th drove back into thc Latitude of 48'' 41"^, and next Morning there appeared jbme Hopes of a fair Wind, but at Ten a Clock it came again to the S W. giving great Sulpicions of bad Weather. The Cornwall was at this time milling, as well as thc Expedition, Nor- folk, and Lancajier, lour Ships of the Third Rare, as were many of Chap. XVI. from theTear 1698, to 1712. 66^^ of theTrauJports, and Merchant Ships; and the Admiral being ap- Bad weather prehenfive that it would be a tempeftuous Night (as indeed it proved) ^"ut'ff'ihT'sai he, with the Advice of Admiral Callcmberg, bore away for Tor- to Torbay. bay, the Place of Rendezvous, that lb he might the better get to- gether the (cattered Fleet. About Midnight it blew fo very hard at W". and W. by N. that the Ships were obliged to flrikc their Yards and Top-mafts, ^^nd the Hiimbcr making twelve Foot Water in a Watch, Ihe was lent away to Splthead X.0 be refitted, and lucky it was ihe continued nor longer at Sea, for in all likelihood fhc would have founder'd. The Admiral, purliiant to Orders, came to Spit bead with the ^^* squadron Squadron, but the King of Spain was very dcfirous to have pro- he'^j* '" ^''" ceeded on his Voyage with the Ships which were together in Tor- bay. His Majefty went on Shore at 'Port/month, where he remained fomc time, and the Wind coming up to the N. E. the ift oi Febrii- aryy Ik defigned, had it continued, to have embarked the next Day in the Afternoon, but it proved calm all Night, and the Morning following. Her Majefty confidering of what Conlequence it was that the King oi Spain Ihould be in 'Portugal tis foon as it was poflible, and with how much Earneftnels His Majefty did prcfs to proceed on his Voyage, was pleated to lend Orders to the Admiral the ift of Fc- ihe^Shjetn bruaiy, to fail as foon as iiich a Number of Tranlport Ships could f^'F^ ^"^ be got ready as might carry fix thoufand of the Troops. Hereupon ill°Q\fe to pat he called a Council of War, where were prei'cnr, Vice- Admiral ra s.-a rt^nw. Leake, aiiutcb, Admiral Callemberg, and "hTJrjf"" Vice- Admiral irajfciiacr. They read ievcral Advices of the Prepa- rations the Enemy were making, and adhered to what had been de- termined at the former Council of War of the 29th of the lafl: Month, for they were of opinion, that a Squadron of Ships appear- ing in the Sea would give great Countenance and Prorcdtion to our Cv)m-nerce, and that Ievcral of our Ships which were clean might probably intercept Imail Squadrons of the Enemy's pading from one Sea to the other ; and it was likewile judged there could be u6 Rilque run fiom a greater Squadron oi French Ships io early in the Year: Befidcs, it was hoped that at their Return from the Cruife, they might be enabled, by the Arrival of Ships from England, to form a Squadron of iuilicicnt Strength to meet and oppolc the E- neray's Fleets, cither oi JV eft France, or the Ports oi i\\z Mediter- ranean. The Detachment confided of twenty two Ships, of which there strength of wete of the Englijh fix of 70 Guns, one of 60, four of 50, one oi '''' ""'fi"i 40, one of 32, arid one of 24; and of the 'Dutch, one of 91, two ^^'"' '^'"'' of 7z, one oi 6%, one of 64, one of 61, one of 60, and one of 36, but the Winds hung contrary until the 7th, at which time the Ad- miral was not gotten clear of the Entrance of the River oi Lis- bon, at which Port he left Orders with Vice Admiral Leake to remain with the rcfl: of the Fleet, and to fend the Expedition and Advice home with the Tranlport Ships and Trade. The Exeter and Tartar arrived the 8th, having miffed the Con- voys which they were appointed, by Sir Cloudefty Shovell, to join from Smyrna, as hath been before obferved ; the former of which Ships the Admiral fcnt with the homeward-bound Convoy, and kept the latter with him, for he was in want of nimble Frigates. The 9th of March he put to Sea, flretching away S. S. W, and ^^« Admiral next Day, a little before Noon, as he was hauling in towards Cape ^"'j '" ^'"^ _ jr- c-r\ I r, ■ ■ ■ II- ,-1 ,-. 1 '1 """ receives St. yincent, a iJutch Privateer jomed him from the Southward, Advhe of which had fccn the Night before a Spanifl) Ship of about 60 Guns, ^"'"^ Spanift' another with upwards of fo, and one of about 30, with a fmallDog- '^'" gcr, bearing then (as the Captain of the faid Privateer judged) Southj about ten Leagues diflant. Hereupon the Admiral made all the Sail he was able, and lent away the Suffolk, ''Panther, and Lark, S. by E. and S. S. E. himlelf Handing S. E. with the refl, being in hopes that by this means they could not efcape him, or the 'Dutch, who came out the lame Evening he did, but had not yet joined him. By the Signals the Sujfolk and Tanther made in the Evening, it was believed they had fight of them, and therefore Rear- Admiral !D///^^j was fcnt to, to continue the Chafe with the Kent, Bedford, zxaA Ante- lope, the two former of -jo Guns, and the other 50, the Admiral Q^q q q X letting ji farther Ac- count of the Spaiiifli Ships. Dutch Ships di fabled in a Storm. 66S NavalTranfdtlmnofthe'EngVifb, BookV. letting him kuow he would hiralclf fland wirh the reft towards Cape Sfartell.) that by cruifing from thence to Cadiz., and covering the Streights Mouth, he might the better intercept any thing which lliould eicape the Ships with the laid Rear- Admiral. Next Morning it blew very hard at W. S. W. and continued fb all Day and Night, fb that the Ships were forced to try under a Mi- zen, but it being more moderate Weather on Sunday, he made the Capes Spartcll and Trafalgar., and cruilcd off thole Places until Thurfday Morning, without feeing any thing, except a fmall SpaniJIj Ship of about 70 Tuns, which the Monntague took under Cape Spartelly loaden with Horfe-llioes, Nail?, and Tome Rozin, (Mate- rials much wanted by the Spaniards) the Maftcr whereof gave an Account, that he came from St. Sebafiian's ievcntccn Days before, in Company of three new Spanijh Men of War, which he left a- bout twenty five Leagues from Cadiz,, and that they had in them Bombs, CarcaiTes, and other Ordr/ancc-Stores. The 17th in the Evening the Admiral was off of Cape St. Mary's, where the S'^allo'uu joined him, as the Leopard and Charles-G^Wy did the Day beibre, which two Ships had only met with, and forced on ihore a French Ship of 30 Guns, and of about 300 Tuns, upon a Sand Bank near Ayamonte. Tbe Storm had lb difabled the "Dutch Ships which were on this Cruife, that Baron JFaJfenaer acquainted the Admiral he had not more than three, and thole their worft Sailers, in a Condition to keep the Sea, and that he was returning to Lisbon to repair the reft for the Summer's Service; but Sir George himfelf determined to continue out until the end of this Month, or at leaft to the time agreed on at the Council of War of the 19th oi April, and then to go, or fend to Tangier for Intelligence of our Tnrky Ships, which (ifthey were got down towards the iJ^r^/^/j^^j Mouth) he judged might be put into Tettiau Bay for Provifions. And here I Ihall leave him for the prefent, and give fomc Account of Rear- Admiral Tiilkes his Proceedings in chafing the afore-mention'd Ships of the Enemy. On the ixth oi Alarch, between Eight and Nine in the Morning, he difcovered four Sail on his Weather- Bow ftanding towards the North-Eaft, which he chafed W. by S. with the Wind at N. W. by W. having then in Company the Kent, Bedford, Suffolk, An- telope, and Tanther, the three firft Third Rates, and the other two Fourths. By Eleven he came up with them, they being three Spa- nijh Ships, and the Tanther, which was the hcadmoft of ours, en- gaged them ; the Suffolk getting the Wind of them did the fame, as alfo x\\(t Antelope and the Dutch Privateer; inlomuch that Ihe of 60 Guns ftruck, after exchanging feveral Broadfidcs. The Rear- Admiral could not get his own Ship in reach of them until Noon, and then engaging the Commadore, which was a Ship alfo of 60 Guns, flie ftruck to him in a little time, as the third did foon after, which was a Merchant Ship of 24 Guns; and in this Action the T anther had her Fore top- mart fliot by the Board, the Suffolk her Main- mart, and x.\\z Ant dope's Mafts and Yards were wounded. The two Ships before-mentioned of 60 Guns were Galleon s Men Rear-jiumi- ral Dilkes chafes tha Spanifli ships. They come up and engage. Spanifh Ships taiten. ■ I- Chap.Xv'I. from the Tear 16^8, to i']i2. 669 Men of War, one called :hc Tort a Cveli., and the other the St. There fa^ and cnme from St. Scbajfiaui with Bombs, Guns, Iron- Bars, &c. being bound for Cadiz,., where (as 'twas reported) they were to be fitted out for the IJ^eJt-Indies, the Commadore Don 'T>'iego Bicuna having a CommifTion to command all the Fleet defigncd thither ; and in thcle Ships were taken near icvcn hundred Priioners. By realbn of bad Weather, Calms, and contrary Winds, the Rear- Admiral arrived not with his Prizes at Lisbon until the x5-th of March, and, as he was going in, the St. Therefa was unfortunate- ly loft on the North Catchup, but icveral of the Men which were in her, both Englijh and Spanijh, were faved, amongft whom was the Lieutenant ot tac Snffhlky who commanding the Prize, miftook (as was llippofed) the Light of St. Julian's Fort for the Flag's own Light, and ihaped his Courfc accordingly. The Admiral being now rcturn'd to Lisbon, and having received ^'V George Orders from Her Majefty to proceed up the Streights, he deter- '^/"j'^^^fj*^" mined to lail in few Days, and to leave Dircdtions for the Ships of «;> the War, Vidtualling, and Storefliips, expcdted from England, how to Stre.ghts. join him. In the mean while he ordered Rear- Admiral JVijhart to lie off of Cape St. Vincent for Intelligence, with fix Frigates and a Firefliip, where, or at Lagos, he might be ready to join the reft of the Fleet, if ordered fb to do. A Council ot War was held on board i\\c Royal Katharine the 170-1. iSch oi April, where were prefent of the Engl i/h. Vice- Admiral ^^^^'"^"/j' "-^ Leake of the Blue, and Rear- Admiral T)ilkes of the White, and of the Dutch, Admiral Callemberg, Vice-Admiral Wajfenaer, and Rear- Admiral Vanderdtifen. Her Majefty 's Orders of the 24th and 28th of March, and Mr. Secretary Hedges^ Letter of the fame Date, were read, whereupon it was determined to proceed up the Streights ac- cording to the Rclblution of the nth luftant. But if the Tortngiiefe Troops defigned under Command of the Prince of Hejfe for Cata- lonia, could be embarked in eight or ten Days, it was thought con- venient to ftay for them, and that Orders Ihould be left for the Ships cxpcdlcd from England to join the Fleet in Altea Bay, but not finding it there, to repair to Algier for their better Security. It was farther relolvcd that, when in the Streights, a Frigate Ihould be lent to Nice for Intelligence from Mr. Hill, our Refident at the Court of Savoy, of the Preparations and Dcfigns of the French Fleet, and that if he fuppolcd there was any Proipcd: of their in- liilring Villa Franca, or Nice, it ihould then be confider'd how to execute Her Majcfty's Orders of the 14th of March for the Relief of thofc Places. But the Flag-Officers thought it proper to reprc- fcnt, that by the want of the major part of our Qtiora of Ships, the others might pofTibly be extremely cxpolcd in that Service, and rcndcr'd uncapablc, in many refpcdls, to perform what Her Maje- fty cxpcdled from them; and the Admiral having received Tome Ad- vice of the Preparations the French were making both at Thoulony and in Weft France, defircd that he might be timely and cfTcefJu- rht A/imirai ally ftrenathened, to prevent the ill Conlequcnce of a Surprize, or dcfired to Le any other unforcleen Accident. * The ^ ^70 NavalTra?7fa6lio?is of the tnghi}), BookV. Be IS rein/or- Xhc xift oi ylftil hc was joiiicd in tiic Bay o[ IVarcs^ near Lis- ced at Lisbon. ^^^^^ by One Sccoiid Rate, four Thirds, and two Firciliips, and fome few Days after he detached for England with the Tranlports and Merchant Ships, the Expedition., Exeter, and j^dvice. A Council of The ifth a Council of War was called, at the Defirc of the King War, at the q( Sfutn, upoH a Paper delivered by the Aliuirante oi CajTUe, where ^i"ofii^i\n. were prefent the leveral Flag-OfHcers who adh'kd at the former Council. His Catholick Majelly's Propofals by the faid Aiinirante, as alio Her Majcfty's Orders of the i4rh and 14th of March were read, relating to the Relief of Nice, and Fillu Franca^ together with the Rclblutions taken at the faid Council, and a Letter from the Earl oi Nottingham of the loth of ^/;/7, advifuig that the E- nemy were prepaiiug to attack thole two Places by Sea It was Agreedtopro- thercupon agreed that the Fleet (hould proceed to their Relief, ac- ctedtotheRc- wording to the former Refolutions, bur firll: iail to the Northward w Villa" of the Iflands of Majorca and Minorca, and, if the Winds would Franca. permit, as near the Coaft oi Catalonia as might be convenient, for gaining Intelligence ; but that if they met wiih certain Advice that neither of the two Places before-mentioned were atracked, the Fleet fhould flop at Barcelona, and give his Catholick Majtfty's Affairs all poffible Countenance and AflifEancc in thofe Parts. If certain Intelligence could not be gained, and that when the Fleet arrived at Nice, or Villa Franca, it fhould be found they were not befieged, it was refolved to return without lols of time to Bar- celona, and as foon as the Service on the Coafl of Catalonia fliould be over, to a(fl farther as might be judged mofl advantagious by a Council of War for the Service of the King oi Spain, and the Com- mon Interefl ; and the Flag Officers were likewife of opinion, that four of the Ships expcded from England might be fufiicicnt to con- voy to the Fleet the Viduallers and Transports. Since the Propofals of his Catholick Majefty by the Almirante of Cajiile are mentioned in the aforegoing Council of War, it may be expeded that I let the Reader know what thofe Propofals were, for which rcafbn I have hereafter inferred a Tranflation of them from the Spanijh Original, viz. The Propofals '* The 6th oi May, N. S. 1704, the Almirante oi Cajiile propo- oftheAimi- « fed, by Order from his Catholick Majefty, to Admiral /?(3o/^, and ranu ./ Ca- „ ^^^ ^^^^^ FlagOfficcrs of the Engltjh and T>utch Fleet, that in •' their Voyage to ihc Mediterranean, their chief Defign fhould be " to go Barcelona^ to execute there what had been refolved on, " and which would be of fb great a Benefit not only to the Com- *' mon Caufe, but to the Succefs of the Entcrprize upon Spain, as « well as eafdy be put in Execution, according to what had alrea- " dy been reprefentcd to Admiral Rooke. « When at Barcelona, if Advice fhould come from the Duke of " Savoy that Nice was befieged, then the Admiral might go to the « Relief of it according to his Orders; but if no fuch Advice fliould " come, that then the Enterprize upon Barcelona might be execa- « ted to the Good of the Common Caufe, and without the Admi- « raJ's Chap. XVI. from the Tear 169s, to 17 12. ^71 " ral's being wanting in his due Obedience ro the Orders he had " from Her Majefty of Great Britain. " Bur if his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Savoy Ihould prcfs to " have the licet go up thither, and it might thereupon be judged " ncccfTary to appoint a Rendezvous, all that his Catholick Majclly '• dcfired was, that it might be at Barcelona^ fince even that alone " would be of great Benefit to the Enterprize upon Spain., and con- *' fcqucntly very advanragious to all the Allies. " The Almirante of Cajlile faid alio, that his Catholick Majcfly " defircd to know, if when the Fleet was on the Coaft of 'Ttedmont^ " and Nice not beficged, nor that Coaft invaded by Sea by the " French, by what time it might return to execute the Enterprize " upon Catalonia. *' He alio demanded whether, when the Service of Catalonia be- " ing ended, (which it was fuppolcd would foon be) the Fleet could " proceed to the Coafts of Naples and Sicily, to give Life to his " Catholick Majefty's Party in thofe Kingdoms, and to the Difpo- *' fitions there might be in them for the Benefit of the Common " Caule, and the univerfal Good. Having thus given you an Account of what the Almirante pro- pofed to Sir George Rooke from the King of Spain, I will in the next Place let you know what the Strength of the Fleet, both Eng' li/h and 'Dutch, would have been, when joined by the Ships of War, and linall Veflels expe(5led from England, viz. Englijh. N o Intended 90 Guns 2. Strength ef J^O 7 thelleet. 74 I 70 • 14 60 ■ I 50 ■ S Small Frigates 5" Firefliips 4 Hol'pitals • z Bombs 2, Yacht I 44 Dutch. 90 Guns I yx 3 66 I 64 6 60 X SI X SO 3 Small 6']2 NavalTranfaStionsofthel^ngiifh, BookV. Small Frigate i Firelhip i Bombs — — 3 T)utch — . 23 Englijh — 44 69 Of which of the Line of Battel, Englifl} — , — 30 Tintcb 18 48 I fhall here leave Sir George Rooke, for fbmc time, and give you Sir cioudeny ^" Accoiint of Sir CAotidefly SboveWs Proceedings, with a Squadron Shovel! 4/>- lent to Sea under his Command, for intercepting that dcfigned from pointed to look £^gjl ^jj|^ {.[^g CouHC of Tboiiloufe ^ High- Admiral of" France, FreiKh i-j^"- ^"'^ the rather, lor that he afterwards joined the Body of the drcn. Fleet. Her Majcfty having received Advice that the Enemy were fetting forth a confidcrablc Naval Force in JVeJl- France^ directed that Sir Clondejly Shovell lliould be ordered to repair forthwith to Sfithead, to take under his Command a Squadron of Ships which were par- ticularly appointed for him, and his Royal Highncfs, Lord High- infiru.'iion! to Admiral, alio ordered him to ufe all pofllble Diligence in the getting Sir cioudefiy them together, and in a Readinefs to proceed on Service, but, in Shovell. jj^g mean while, to appoint fomc of the Imallefl: to cruife Weftward, in fuch Stations where they might raofl probably gain Intelligence of the Enemy's Proceedings and Preparations. If by this means, or any other, he got Advice that the French had been leen at Sea, and were coming into the Chanel with a greater Strength than he Ihould have together, he was diredicd to re- tire among the Sands, even as far as thtGunJleet, if occafion were, for his greater Security, that fo he might be the more readily join'd by Ships from the River, Holland, or other Parts, and in luch Re- treat he was to bring with him the Vidtuallers, Storefhips, and Trade bound to Lisbon, unlels he could have an Opportunity to fccurc them in F*ortfmoutb Harbour. When ready to fail he was to proceed off oi Breji with his Squa- dron, and the Trade, Storeftrips, and Vidiuallers defigned to Sir George Rooke ; and if he perceived, or had certaiij Intelligence, that the Frencb Squadron was there, he was to fend the laid Trade, Storediips, ^c. to Lisbon, under the Convoy of two fuch Ships, or more, as a Council of War Ihould judge proper, by whom he was to tranfmit an Account to Sir George Rooke where he was, and what he intended to do. If Chap. XVI. from the Tear i6^S, to 1112. 61^ If he found the Enemy in Bre/l., he was to ufe his beft Endea- vours to prevent the Jundion of the Ships therewith thofe o( Roche- fort, and Port Louis, if a Council of War fhould think it prac- ticable ; and if they artempted to come to Sea from any of thofe Portf, to do his ut;r,oft to rake, fmk, burn, or otherwife deftroy them, if it Hiould be judged he had a lufficient Strength to attempt it ; bur if the Enemy came out too ftrong, and followed him, he was then to retire inro the Chanel , in iuch manner as he fhould think might mod conduce to the Service, and endeavouring to join Her Majefty's Ships which might be there, repair among the Sands, as far as the Guufieet, for his Security, if he found there might be occafion for his lo doing, as is before-mentioned. But if he learnt, when o^ oi Brefl, that the Enemy were gone from thence, and that he could nor inform himielf whither, or if he fliould have good Grounds to believe they had bent their Courfe to the St r eights, and that, with the Thoulon Squadron, (which was faid to confift of twenty five Sail of the Line of Battel, they might be liipcrior to the Fleet with Sir George Rooke, (of which a Lift was fent him) he was either to go with, or fend the Ships dcfigned for Lisbon, (which were eight Third Rates, an Hofpital, two Bomb- VefTcls, and a Yacht) as alio the Storelhips, Victuallers, and Trade, together with fuch an additional Strength of the biggeft Ships with him, as a Council of War, upon due Confideration, fliould judge proper, to make Sir George Rcoke fuperior to the Enemy, fuppofing a Jund:ion of their Ships from JVeji-France and Thoulon. It was Her Majefty's Plcafure that not more than twenty two Ships of War (including the eight defigned for Tortugal) lliould proceed with the Storelhips, ^c. to Lisbon, and therefore if he found it ncccftary that fo many as eighteen, or the greater part of his Squadron (hould proceed thither, he was to go with them him- fclf, and fend the Remainder into the Chanel, under the Command of a Flag Officer, with Orders to him to cruife there for the Secu- rity of the Trade; but he was to come into the Chanel himielf, if fuch a Number only proceeded to Lisbon as might not require his commanding them thither. Either himielf, or the Flag, or Flag Officers, he ftiould fend to Lisbon, were to put themlelves under Command of Sir George Rooke; and if in his Paflage to Brefi he met the Expedition, Exe- ter, or yJdvice from ^Portugal, and found them in a Condition for Service, he was empowered to take fuch of them with him as he judged proper, but no farther than off oi Brejt ; and if any thing of Conlcqucncc happened during his being abroad, which was not provided for in the aforegoing Inftrudions, he was to govern him- ielf as ihould be agreed at a Council of War. Thefe Inftrucftions prepared by order of his Royal Highnefs, Lord Theinflrum- High- Admiral, were read at the Committee of Council the x^th oC"/ ^j'^^'^l^^ April, and being agreed unto, were figned and diipatched to Sir mutet of Cloudejly Shovcll the fame Night, and a Copy thereof to ^n George t-'""""'- Rooke by the Packet Boat, that fb he might have as early Informa- tion thereof as pofTible. R r r r Purfuaot 674 NavalTrafifadionsoftheEngliih, BookV. Sir Coudefly Purfuant hereunto he failed from St. He/eu's, and arrived off of Shoveii jails. epHp^Qfith the iith oi Alay 1704, where Rear- Admiral Byng (who ^^°'*' was afterwards Admiral of the Fleet, and one of the Lords Com- miflioners of the Admiralty) was making all poflible Dilpatch in getting Ships ready to join him ; and here it may not be impro- per to infert the Line of Battel, which was as follows, viz. The Line of Battel. The St. George to lead with the Starboard, and the Revenge with the Larboard Tacks on board. The Line of battel. Frigates, Fire- ihips, tSc. Rate. Ships. Bridgwater^ LightningYite- ihip, Terror Bomb. Roebuck, Vulcan Fire- ihip, William and Mary Yacht, 'Princejs Anne Holpital. Vulture fliip. Star Bomb Fire- 4 3 4 3 4 3 z 4 3 Men. St. George, 680 Moderate, 365- Torbay, — 500 Shrewsbury, 540 Effex, — 440 Glocejler, — 365* Royal Oaky 500 Monk, — 365: Boyne, — 500 Warjpight, 540 Triton, — z8o Or ford, — 440 Barfieur, — 710 Namur, — 680 Medway, — 365" Swiftjiire, 440 Lenox, — 440 Naffdu, — 440 Rupert, — 440 Norfolk, — 500 Ranelagh, 535 'Dorfetjhire, 5-00 Kingjione, 3 65- jiffurance, 365- Revenge, — 440 11635- Guns. Divifion, e 96^ 60 80 80 Vice - Admiral oftheRed, Sir — 70 StaffordFair- 60 76 60 born. 80^ 70 ^ Admiral of the 7° White, Sir 9^ Cloudejly Sho- veii. — 96 _ 60 — 70 — 70J — 70 "^ — 70 — 80 — 80 — 80 — 60 — 60 — 70^ Rear -Admiral of the Red, George Byng, Efq; 1514 The 15'th oi May he was between the Fourn-head and the Li- ^.^ , zard, his firft Rendezvous, and then calling a Council of War of warZi'd. the Flag-Officers, and feveral of the fenior Captains, upon Intelli- gence fent him from the Admiralty-Office that the Count of Thouloufe would be ready to fail the beginning of this Month, as al- fo other Advices that he adlually (ailed trom Breji the xd ; and from s a Frigate Chap. XVI. from the Tear 1^98, to 1112, ^75 a Frigate fent to look into the faid Port, that there was but one Ship of War iccn in the Road, ir was determined to leave the Sta- tion they were in immediatelv, and to lail to the Iccond Rendezvous, which was in t\\c Soundings VV. S.W. or S.W. byW. about twenty- Leagues from Scilly, and leaving a Ship there forty eight Hours to give notice to thofc wanting, forthwith to proceed with ihe Fleer to a Station Wcfl, or W. S. W. a hundred and forty, or a hundred and fifty Leagues from Scilly, if they could get thither, or if nor, to part with the K'efl India Squadron, then under Command of Cap- rain Kerr, a hundred and fifty Leagues from Scilly^ as alio with Sir Stafford Fuirborjiy and the Ships with him, and each Squadron to make the befl of their way, according to the Inftrudions thofe Of- ficers hid received. At this Council of War forae of the Officers were for the Admi- ral's taking all the Ships with him, but fmce he was by his Orders rcrtrain'd to twenty two, he determined to lend back two of the Third Rate, five of the Fourth, and one of the Fifth, with Diredli- ous to Sir Stafford Fairborn to call in at Kin/ale in Ireland for the homeward bound Trade, and fee them to 'PLmoiitb, and wait there for rhc Oidcrs of the Lord High- Admiral. In his PafTage out of the Chanel he took four Prizes, two of '^""^ ^'^'**' which were fmall Privateers, and on theiSth oi May^ when he was about 140 Leagues S. W. by W. from Scilly, he called a Council of War, where it was relblved, that fmce the Fleet had been traverfing "*"<>"'>"■ in the Soundings., and the Mouth of the Chanel, near a Fortnight, y^""'i' °' with Southerly and South-Weft Winds, and that they law not the some of tht French Squadron, for which rcafon they judged they might be gone ^^f^^l^f'^J""^ Southward, the Admiral Ihould the next Morning lend Sir Stafford land. " Fairborn home, the JFefi- India Squadron forward, and with the reft: of his Ships make the beft of his way to Lisbon, and join Sir ^" Cioudefly George Rooke, of whole Proceedings both before and after the faid ^^J^Vto ^'oin Junction I will now give an Account. sir George That Admiral, purluant to the Rtlblutions before-mentioned, fet- 1^°^'^'^ "' ting lail from Lisbon for the Mediterranean^ he came on the i9th s,r George of April off of Cape St. Vincent, when he had with him oi Englifh Kooke pro- Ships two of the Second Rate, fifteen of the Third, four of the Me^ditcrra-' Fourrh, one of the Fifth, one Sixth, and four Firelhips, and of the ncan. 'Dutch Ships of War fourteen, all of the Line of Battel ; and Or- ders were V ix. at Lisbon for another of the Fourth Rate, and one of the Fifth to follow him. On the 8th of May., about Two in the Afternoon, the Weather being then hazey, fix French Ships of War fell in with him ofF of ^"f"' French Cape Talos, (a little to the Eaftward of Cartbagena) to chafe which ^faTnl ^^t'k he detached fix Third Rates, one Fourth, and a Fifth, and they ran the Hut. the Fleet out of Sight before it was Night On the loth in the Evening he anchored in Altea Bay, where the Squadron which he fent to chale the Enemy joined him that Night, having not had the good Fortune of coming up with them. At the prefling Inftances of the Prince of Hejfe, he proceeded ,^*^ ^'"' ^«-_ with the Fleet to Barcelona Road, who laid that he had Afturances ^"^ »r«o- R r r r a trom 6i6 NavalTrafifaclionsofthcEngViih, BookV. from the Deputies of Cata/o?ua, and the principal Men of the Ci- ty, that if fomc few Forces were landed, and a Shew made of a Bombardment, they would declare for King Charles the Third, and receive him the faid Prince into the Town. Hereupon, on the 19th oi Mayy about Noon, the Admiral cauicd to be landed about A number of twclvc hundred Marine Soldiers, and the Dutch about four hundred ; Marine Soldi but whcn thcy had bccu one Night on fliore, and the 'Dutch had er, landed to {jombardcd the Town from the Sea, the Prince was convinced of his " '""'^"^'' Miftake, lo that he himfelf propoled the re-imbarking of the Men ; not but that the People were inclinable to rife, and would have done it, had thcy Icen a Profpedi of fufficient Force to fupport them. Oa the i8ch Rear- Admiral P^i/hart joined the Fleer, who had met wirh the fix French Ships bcfore-mention'd much about the fame Place, aud thcy finding thcmfclves too ftrong for him, (for he had only Rcar-Admi- two Third Ratcs, two Fourths, and a Firelliip) gav€ chafe to him, rai WiOiart jj^t contiuucd Dot their Puriuir, though ibmc of them vifibly sained chafed by thi ,. " •' ° fix French OD nim. ships. On the 21ft the Admiral fleered away for the Ifles oi Hieres, but in croffing the Gulph had a hard Gale of Wind at N. N. W. and N. W. which difpcrfcd the Fleer, and mod of the Sails of our Ships flew away like Paper ; but being joined again by the abfent Ships, 2he Admiral ou the x7th, at Eight at Night, his Scouts made the Signal of fee- difcover, the jj^g ^ fleer, which he judged were the Enemy, and that they would ~ ' make the bed of their way to Thou/oft, ib that tacking, he flood to the Northward all Night, and on the i8th in the Morning, ibon af- ter Day, the French Fleet were in view, confifling of forty Sail, at which time it was calm. The Admiral called a Council of War, where were prefenr Sir John Leake, Vice- Admiral of the Blue, Rear- Admiral Dilkes of the White, Sir James fViJhart, Rear-Admiral of the Blue, and of the Dutch, Lieutenant- Admiral Callemberg^ Vice- Admiral JVajfenaer, and Rear Admiral Vaiiderdujfen. It was agreed that fince the Enemy fcem'd to avoid engaging, by making all the Our Tieet Sail they polFibly could, our Fleet fliould continue the Chafe as long chafe the' ^s they could keep fight of them, or until they had reached the wardfThou- Coafl of Thouloti, and that if ajundion with the Ships at that Port lofl/ could not be prevented, thcy Ihould then repair to Lisbon, as had been before determined. Accordingly the Enemy were chafed until the Z9th in the Evening, when being within thirty Leagues ofThoulotij where there were fifteen or fixteen Ships ready to join them, it was unanimoufly agreed to repair down to the Stre'tghts Mouth ; and even by fb doing they ran fbme hazard of being followed by the French with a fuperior Strength, for Sir Cloudejty HhoveU had not yet joined the Admiral, and the Ships he had with him were but in a bad Condition, efpccially as to Sails, Topmafls, and Stores. The i4Ch oi' June our Fleet pafTed through the Streights Mouth, and ofT of Lagos were joined by Sir Cloudejly Shovell two Days af- Refoiuiionto ter, whcH a Council of War being called, it was agreed, that the proceed up the befl Sctvicc which could be done, was to proceed up the Mediter' %Tchof'the ^^^^^^' in iearch of the French Fleet; and the Flag-Officers were French. of Opinion that they might co- operate in the Siege of Cadus, or Chap XVI. from the Tear 1 6^^, to ii\2. ^77 Of any Accempc on Barcelona^ xi' iUfficient Land-Forces were ap- pninred tor inch a Service ; but that till the Sentiments of the Courts of Spain and 'Portugal were known, it was moft proper for the Fleet CO lie in fuch a Station as might prevent the Enemy's getting to Cad'tz,^ yet fo as to be near to Nice-, and Villa Franca, Ihould they make anv Attempts on thole Places. It was alfo relblved that, upon the Defire of the King oi^ortugal , ibrae Ships fliould be lent to the Tercera Iflands for protedting his Majcfty's Fleets ex- pcd:ed froin Brazil. Some time after this the Admiral received Orders from the Queen, rht Admiral requiring him not to undertake any thing on the Coaft without the '"'i"'^^ not to Approbation of the Kings of Spain and "Portugal, whofe Propolals '^thing-Jth- hc received the i6th oVJulyy when he was advanced up the StreightSy "«' 'he con- for atteinpting iomewhat on \.\iz Qo2i^ oi Andalufia \ whereupon ^.J^' "^ '*' a Council of War was called, at which were prefent, befides the Sp'afn °ani Admiral himielf, Sir Cloudejly Shovell, Sir John Leake, Rear~Ad- Po"ugai. niiral Byvg, and Sir James JVijhart, as alio the three T^utch Flags before mentioned ; and fince it was concluded not to be pradticable ^i"^^^ '>«' "> to attempt Cadiz^ without an Army to affift therein, they refolved du^"'^' ^*" to land the Marine Soldiers, Englijh znA'Dutch, under Command of the Prince of HcJJ'e, m the Bay of Gibraltar, to cut off that Town Prince of from any Communication with the Main, and at the fame time to ^^^"^""f't' bombard and cannonade the Place, and endeavour to reduce it to ed at Gi- the Obedience of the King of Spain. braitar. The loth in the Night the Admiral pufhed from the Barbary Shore over to Gibraltar, and the next Day, at Three in the After- noon, landed the Marines, with the Prince of Hejfe at the Head of them, who marched to the Mills near the Town, and fent a Sum- rht place mons to the Governor to iurrender the Place, to which he received/""""'"'*^- an Aniwer, That the Garriibn had taken an Oath of Fidelity to their natural Lord, King Philip the Fifth, and that, as faithful and loyal Subjcdts they would iacrifice their Lives in the Defence of the City. Hereupon the Admiral, on the xid in the Morning, or- der'd twelve Third Rates, and four Fourths, with fix Ships of the States-General, all under Command of Rear- Admiral Byng, to can- Rear.Adml' nonade the Town, which was done with great Fury the next Day, r^/ Byng m»- \'o that the Enemy were beaten from their Guns at the South Mole ^°^,j^" ^'"• Head. The Boats were then mann'd and arm'd, and (ent with Cap- tain (now Sir Edward) IFhittaker to pofTefs themfclves of that Fort, which was very gallantly performed, and as our Men got on j^^e om- the great Platform, lb ibmc of them enter'd the Caftle ; but the E- -aurks taken. nemy having laid a Train to the Magazine, it blew up, and killed and wounded above one hundred of them ; however they kept Pof- ledion of the Platform, and advanced, and took a Redoubt, or final! Ballion, half way between the Mole and the Town. It being Sunday, all the Women were at their Devotion in a little Chapel, about four Miles diftant from the Town, lb that our Men were between them and their Husbands, which was a very great Inducement to the Citizens to oblige the Governor to capitulate, whereupon the Z4th in the Evening the Prince oi HeJfe, with the Marines, 6iS NavalTratifaBions of the Englifh, BqokV. ' The To-jun dt- Marines, marched into the Town. They found there but two Sfa- hvered uf. ^//y/? Regiments, of about forty Men each, but on the Walls above loo Guns mounted, all facing the Sea, and the two narrow Palfcs to the Land ; and in this Action we had fixty one Men killed, and two hundred and fix wounded. The T>utch Admiral loon after fcnt to Lisbon the Rear- Flag with Dutch Admi- ral fends home fix Ships fix Ships. The French f/.-ef difco- vered. Our fleet chafe the French. whence they were to proceed home, intending himielf ro follow them in a lictlc time; and the 9th Day o'i Aiigujl Sir George Rooke returning from the Coalt oi Batbary (where he had been tor Water) to Gibraltar^ his Scouts made the uiual Signals of feeing a ftrange Fleet, leveral Leagues to Windward, confiftuig, as their Com- manders ioon after laid, of fixty fix Sail ; and a Council of War be- ing thereupon called, it was determined to lay to the Eaftward of Gibraltar^ to receive and engage them ; but it being judged from their Signal Guns in the Night, that they wrought away from our Fleet, the Admiral followed them in the Morning with all the Sail he could make, and continued lb to do till the 12th, not hearing their Guns that Night, nor feeing any of their Scouts in the Morning. This gave him a Sulpicion that they might make a Double, and, by the help of their Gallies, flip between him and the Shore to the Weftvvard, wherefore it was determined at a Council of War to re- pair to Gibraltar., if the Enemy fhould not be dilcover'd before Night ; but {landing in towards the Shore, the French Fleet were feen about Noon, with their Gallies, to the Weftward, near Cape Malaga., going away large, upon which our Admiral made what Sail he poflibly could after them , and continued fb to do all Night. On Sunday the 13 th, in the Morning, he was within three Leagues of them, when they brought to with their Heads to the Southward, the Wind being Eafterly, and, forming their Line, lay in a Pofture to receive him. They were fifty two Ships, and twenty four Gal- lics, very ftrong in the Centre, but weaker in the Van and Rear, to fupply which mofl: of their Gallies were placed in thole Squadrons. In the Centre was the Count oiTbouloufe, High- Admiral o\ France., with the White Squadron; in the Van the White and Blue Flag, and in the Rear the Blue, each Admiral having his Vice and Rear- Ad- miral. Our Fleet confiftcd of fifty three Ships, but the Admiral ordcr'd the Swallo-uu and 'Panther., two Fourth Rates, with a Fifth and a Sixth, and two Fircihips, to lay to Windward of him, that if the Enemy's Van lliould pulh through our Line, with their Gallies and Fireihips, they might have given them fome Diverfion. He bore down on the French Fleet until Ibmewhqt after Ten a Clock, when they let all their Sails at once, and feem'd as if they defigned to flrctch a-head and weather him ; loon after which he cauied the Signal to be made for Battel, and the Enemy keeping The Battel te- themlclvcs in a Pofture to receive them, it began, and was finarr- gun. jy continued on both fides, wherein, among others, the Lord T)urjley., then about three and twenty Years of Age, w-ho commanded the Boyne, Strength of the I'"rench Fleet. Strength of the Rnglidi and Dutch. Chap. XVI. from theTear i^^8, to 171 2. ^7^ Boyne^ a Ship of 80 Guns, behaved himfelt with remarkable Reib- lutioa and Bravery. la lels than two Hour's time the Enemy's Van, which were prel^ fed by ours, commanded by Sir Cloudejly Shovell, and led by Sir John Leake, give way in no Uttle Confufion, as their Rear did to the 'Dutch towards Evening. Their Centre being ftrong, and fcve- ral Ships of the Admiral's own Divifion, as well as thoie of Rear- Admiral Byug'^, and Rear Admiral Dilkes's being forced to go out of the Line tor want of Shot, (which it fccms were not equally di- ftributed throughout the Fleer, after the great Expence thereof in the Action of Gibraltar J the Battel fell very heavy on fome of the Admiral's own Squadron, particularly the St. George, commanded by Sir John Jennings *, and the Shrewsbury by Captain Jojiah Crowe : And between fix and I'even at Night, when there was but little firing on either fide, a Ship which was one of the Seconds to the French Admiral, and a-head of him, advanced out of the Line, and for ibme time engaged the St. George, but was Co roughly hand- Jed, that Ihc retreated back to the Fleet, after both her Captains, and many of her Men were killed. And as the St. George had be- fore fought fingly fome Hours not only with this Ship, but with Count Thoulonfe himlelf, and his other Second, neither our Admi- ral, nor any of the Ships nearefl: to her being in a Condition to come to her AlFiftance, by realbn of their being dilabled as well in their Rigging, as otherwife, fo before Sir John Jennings engaged the afore-mention'd Ship after the Brunt of the Battel was over, he had at lead twenty five Guns difmountcd on that fide he fought, and was obliged to bring others over from the oppofite fide in the room of them. The Enemy at length went away to Leeward by the help of their The French Gallies, but the Wind fliifting in the Night to the Northward, and '"-wed away in the Morning to the Weft, they by that means became to Wind- '" ■^"'''''"''^• ward, both Fleets lying by all Day, within three Leagues of each other, repairing Damages, but at Night the French fiU'd their Sails and ftood Northward. On the 15 th in the Morning they were gotten four or five Leagues to the Weftward of our Fleer, and a little before Noon Sir George Rooke had a Breeze of Wind Eafterly, with which he edged towards them until Four in the Afternoon, but it being judged then too late to engage, he brought to, and Jay by with his Head Northward aJJ Night. The Wind continuing Eafterly the 1 6th, with hazy Weather, and the Enemy not being iccn, nor any of their Scouts, our Fleet bore away to the Weftward, the Admiral iiippofing they might have been gone for Cadiz, ; but being advis'd from Gibraltar, and the Coaft of Barbary, that they had not pals'd the Streights, he concluded they were retired to Thonlon ; and as he was not wrong in his Judg- ment, fb is it not unrcaionable to think, that had they known how much fcvcral of our Ships of the Line of Battel were in want of Am- * since Admiral of the White, and one of the Lords Commiljioners of the Admlr.ilry. muaitioD 68 o NavalTrar/faci/o?is of the Englifh, BookV. munition and Shor, or otheivvile dilabled from farther Adion, they would not have made fo great haftc home, but rather have tried the Event of a iecond Engagement. Remarks. The Euglijh and 'T>titch Ships began this Fight with maoifeft Diiadvanragc ; for although their Strength and that of the French were near an Equality, jet had the Enemy their Ports at hand up- on occafion, whereas the others, for want of fuch Shelter, would have been obliged, if overcome, to have wander'd about the Seas with their dilabled Ships without proper Materials tor repairing them, or to have deftroyed them, that lb they might not ha\e fallen into the Hands of the Vi<5tors. But notvvithftar.ding this Advantage on the fide of the French., to which may be added that of thtir Gal- lies, they did nor think it advileable to renew the Fight ; nor had the Engltfl) and T>iitch any great reafon to value thcmlclves on their Succcls, othervvile than that, by purring a good Face on if, they flicvved themlelves ready to try their Fortune a iecond rime, while the French were retreating towards their Ports, as hath already been oblerved. A Council of A Council of War being call'd, it was determined to repair with Zl'defiT'" ^"^^ ^'^^"^ ^^ Gihraltary there to iecure the dilabled Ships, and to re- Gibraltar. pair their Mafts, Yards, Sails, and Rigging, where arriving, and the belt AlTiilancc being given to that Garrilon that poflibly could be, it was veiolved that all fuch Ships as were in a Condition for Winter Service ihould be put under the Comva-AudoiSxr John Leake; that ibch as were not lo, but might fafely proceed to England^ fliould repair thither, and that thole in the worfl; Condition Ihould go to Lisbon to be refitted. Accordingl)^ the Fleet fail'd from Gibraltar., and being oat of the Strei^hts Mouth the i6th oi Auguji, the Admiral gave Orders Sir John to Sir 7&/j« Leake to take under his Command two Ships of the \.t»k&[ent -j-j^j^ j^ fg j^ji^e of the Fourth, four of the Fifth, one Sixth, and a ■with a Sjua- ' ' r/ i- i dron fff Lis- Firediip, and proceed with them to Lisbon., from whence he was to bon. fen J ffjuj. fo England with the Trade. He was alfo to take under his Command tuch Ships of the States-General as fliould be appoint- ed for Winter Service in thole Parts, and to employ the whole in guarding the Coafts of ^Portugal and Spain, and for the Security of our Irade, and the Garrilon of Gibraltar. With the reft which were in a Condition to come home, the Admiral repaired towards sir George England., \^ here he arrived the 14th oi September 1704, which Ships w°«7» Eng- ^^'^^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ Second Rate, twenty five of the Third, four Fourths, land. fix Firclhips two Holpital Ships, and a Yacht. And here it may not be improper to give the Reader fbme Ac- count of the Number of Officers and Men killed and wounded in the Engagement, v\ hi«h is as follows, 'viz. Officers. Chap. XVII. from thcTear i65>8, to 1112. 68 1 In the Admiral's Divifion Officers. Men. Slain,Woundcd. Slain,Woundcd. Sir Cloudejly Shovcll's Sir John Leake s — Rear- Admiral Byngs Rear- Admiral Dilkes'si 6 -» XI9 508 1 7 105- 303 7 89 ill I S if^ 361 10 119 249 31 officers and Men of the En^li/h kiil'd and wounded Of the T>utcb — 687 1631 2368 400 2763 Chap. XVII. Contai}j'mg an Account of Str John Leake'^ relieving Gi- braltar, and of his defiroymg fever al French Ships of War. HAVING brought home the Admiral of the Fleet from the Me- diterranean^ I fliall return to Sir John Leake., and give an Account of his Proceedings during the time he commanded abroad. The 30th o'i September S\r John Leake received a Letter from the Prince q{ He[jl\ and another from Captain Fotherby, who com- manded the Larke, by which he was informed that on the 4th of OEiober in the Evening, a Squadron of the Enemy's Ships, in Num- ber nineteen, great and fmall, came into Gibraltar Bay, and that there was a Dcfign of beficging the Place both by Sea and Land, for which rcafon his Highnefs earneftly dcfired him to repair to their Relief with all pofTible Diligence. Hereupon Sir 'John caufed the urmofl: Difpatch to be made in the refitting the Ships, and fome others joined him from England and Holland:, but loon after he received another Letter from the Prince of Heffe, letting him know that the French Squadron was gone Wcftward, having left in the Bay oi Gibraltar only fix light Frigates from 40 to 20 Guns ; but that they had landed fix Battalions, fo that the French and Spanijh Troops might amount to about feven thoufand Horle and Foot, and that they had opcn'd their Trenches againft the Town. Sir John on this called a Council of War, and it was relblved to proceed to the Relief of the Place with three Third Rates, nine Fourth, and two Fifth Rares of the Englifl?., and of the 'Dutch fix Ships of the Line of Battel. 1704. A Sq-:aJro!t of French ihips comes to Gibraltar. ■Sir John Leake re- ccivei an Ac- count that mo ft cf them ifcre gone Weftward, hut I hat the Krcnch ivere attacking tht the iown by Land. Sfff Arriving 6S2 NavalTra77fa8iio7isoftheEnglifh, BookV, sir John Arriving in the Bay of Gibraltar, a confidcrabie Number of Men I^^^VnT""' ^^'^""^ laiided from the Fleet to alfift iu the Works ; buc upon Ad- vice of a f!rong Squadron oi Fretich Ships being deHgn'd from Ca- diz, to attack hira, it was thought reatbnablc thac all the Men (bould embark again, except the Gunners and Carpenters, and the Marine Soldiers. Our Ships, by riding at the Weft fide of the Bay with a flrong Eafterly Wind, having loft fome of thcii- Anchors and Cables, and the T)utch moft of theirs, it was refolvcd to put to Sea, as foon as it lllould fpring upV/efterly, and to keep as near to Gibraltar as the Weather would permit ; but Sir John Leake finding it abfo- our Ships lately neceffary to proceed with the Squadron to Lisbon^ for a Sup- zvant!„sPro- pjy ^j: Provifious, he repaired thither, and departed from thence a- //ushonr" gain towards Gibraltar the lyth o( Oflober , with three Ships of hut return jhc Third Ratc, nine of the Fourth, two Fifths, and a Firelhip, to- FrenciiTif'.j gethcr with fix T)2ac/j, and arriving there the 19th, furprized two «r Gibiaiur, of the Enemy's Ships of 34 Guns each, one of ix, a Firelhip, a Tartan, and two Englijh Prizes, all which they ran on Hiorc and fet and on fire; and another Ship of 30 Guns which had juft got out of the Bay, was alio taken by one of ours. Had not the Vice- Admiral luckily arrived relieved the as hc did, it was generally believed the Town muft have furrcndered, or Tou'ti. jj^^j. (.j^^ Enemy would have ftorm'd it, they being not only very nume- rous by Land, but had aDefign to put on ihore at the New Mole three thouiand Men, in Boats which they had got together from Cad'tZy and other Places ; and five hundred being difcover'd on the top of Colonel Rorr the Hill whicli ovcrlooks the Town, the Granadiers, with Colonel kiiu feverai Bprr, (fincc a Brigadier in the Army) very gallantly artack'd rhenjj, aids" ^''^" ^"'^ ^^^^'^ about two hundred, taking moft of the reft Prifoners. At a Council of War, held the lift of 'December, it was refolved to remain in Gibraltar Bay while the Wind continued Weftei ly, and with the fiift Eafteriy Wind to proceed to Lisbon, to clean and rc- The Gatrifon fjt the Squadtou, the Garrifon being now reinforced by two thou- o/Gibraitar ^ j Mcvx. Before they failed the Enemy had much abated in theit reinforced. i i i i i ■t-. i i-» r - i cannonading, and bombarduig the Town ; and, as the Delerters lard, dclpair'd of taking it, fince Monfieur Tonty had not, as they ex- pcded, attempted our Ships in the Bay, with a Squadron from Ca- diz, to which Place Sir John Leake had Ibme time before propos'd to go, in order to have attack'd them ; but it was not conlented to by the VnncQ Jolm where one of our Friii;ates had chafed a Merchant Ship of the Ene- ^^^}^ t!°: mys on Ihore, of about three hundred Tuns, which they let on laga. fire, as two others had done another of about two hundred and fif- ty Tuns, near Aimer ia, which was dcftroyed in the fame manner; other shifs and there is reaibn to believe that the reft of the French Ships of f^f ^lal 0/ War which got out oi' Gibraltar before our Squadron arrived, hear- Spain. ing the Guns there while they lay in Malaga Road, cut their Ca- bles, and ran to Thoulon. • Sir '^fohn Leake arriving at Lisbon the ixth of April, appointed •^''-Joim a Convoy to fome yci«f- to Command in the Soundings^ and Sir Thomas T>ilkes off of Soundings, Sir Cloudejly Shovell arrived at Spithead the 13th of May, and ""'^ 5'''/^'^°" having, with all pofTibleDilpatch, got the Ships as well there, as at !/*Dunk"k 'Port/mouth, in a Readineis, and embarked the Troops defigncd for 1705- Service abroad; and the Ships of War being joined him from the 'Downs^ in Company of which came thofe with Ordnance Stores, he was unmooring the iift oi May^ and the zid in the Morning fcWc/Peter- the Earl of Peterborow arrived at Portfmouth \ but the Wind be- borow or- ing out of the way, the Admirals were forced to come to an Aa- inouth. "' ^^"^ ^^ ^^- Helens that Night ; however, all being now in a Rea- dinefs to proceed on their Voyage to the Mediterranean, it may not be improper hero to give an Account of the Strength of the Fleet they carry'd with them, with which the Squadrons abroad were to join, viz. Rate. N°. I 3 X . 6 3 IX 4 8 29 of the Line of Battel ; befides Ships of the Fifth and Sixth Rates, Firefhips, Bombs, and Tmall Craft. The xfth of May the Fleet came off of Tlimouth, where they lay for romc Ships of War, and Traniports, which were to join them from thence, and the firft Rendezvous the Admiral appointed was feven Leagues South from the Lizard, where they arrived two Days after, from whence they fent Orders to the Ships of War, and theTranfports with Forces in Ireland to proceed diredly to Lisbon. 5 Upon Chap.XVUI. from the Tear 1698, to 17(2. ^§5 Upon Intelligence from Sir George Byng and Sir John Jennings^ as alio the Account given by the Prifoncrs, that the Enemy had in Rrcft about eighteen Ships of War, it was refolved at a Council of Flag- Officers to leave Sir George Byvg in the Soundings, with one ^'> George Firft Rate, tv\'o Seconds, feven Thirds, and two Fourths, a Frigate, f/"^^'''* and a Firclhip, and to proceed with the reft io Lisbon, which were ings, aj «//<, two Firfl Rates, four Seconds, and five Thirds. To Sir George Byng ^''-John Jen-- the Admirals gave Inftrudtious to cruiie oK oi'Vfl^ant and ihc Fourn- "'"^'' head, and that if, when he got Intelligence the Enemy were fail'd from Brejt, he was i'atisfied they had not any Dcfign of coming into the Soundings, or infcfling our Coafl:, he Ihould fend Sir John Jennings to the Bay oi IV ares, with the Ships intended for the Fleet, and himiclf put in Execution luch Orders as he had or fhould receive from the Lord High- Admiral. But fince it is proper to follow the Admirals of the Fleet in their Proceedings, that lb their Tranfac^ions may appear at one View, I fliall do that firft, and then give an Ac- count of Affairs at home. The nth oi June the faid Admirals were in the River of Lisbon, The Fleet ar- where they found the Ships with Sir John Leake (of which I have '■'■^'^ "> the before given an Account) in want of Provifions, but i/Tucd Orders bon^'^ -lf/,V^* for furuilhiug them out of what was carried from England, fo that tht^ met sir they were all iupplied with near four Months at whole Allowance ; J*^^" Leake, and ibme of the Ships of the States-General joined our Fleet aty„^/^utch this Place, of which they expedled nineteen or twenty of the Line ships. of Battel. The ifth of June at a Council of Flag- Officers, where were pre- a council of fent, befides the joint Admirals, Sir Stajford Fairborn, Sir John ^'"' ^'^^• Leake , Sir Thomas T>ilkes, and John Norris, Efq; firfl Captain to the Admiral of the Fleet ; and of the Dutch^ Admiral Alle- monde y Vice -Admiral Wajfenaer , Rear -Admiral Vanderduf- fen, and Rear- Admiral de longe; it was determined, fmce the Land Forces from Ireland were not arrived, nor thofe which 'Por- tugal was to furnifli in a Readinefs, to put to Sea with zhout Refolved to forty fix, or forty eight Ships of the Line, Englijh and Dutch, and f"' '" ^"' to place them in fuch Station between Cape Spartell and the Bay ^hevim. of Cadiz,, as might befl prevent the Jundtion of the French Ships from Thoulon and Brejl, until the Arrival of thofe from Ireland, but not to go into the Streights if it could poffibly be avoided. Five Days after another Council of War was held of the Englijh Agreed not to Flag Officers only, where it was agreed not to be advileable to de- ''^'"'^^ ""^ tach any Ships, in regard the Fleet was proceeding on Adtion, and i^ugai/" that there was a Probability of the Jund:ion of the Enemy's Ships of the Ocean and Mediterranean. And now a Line of Battel was formed, which was corapofed of the following Strength, viz. Rates. 6S6 NavalTranfatlionsofthe'Engli(h, BookV. Strength of the Line »f Battel. Rates. I a 3 4 Of the Line Englijh. "Dutch. Sh'tps from Ireland join. King of Spain landed a tBzt- celona. 'B.efolittion up- en fame gJi'e- Jlions of I he Earl of I'eter borow'i. 58 in all; befides fmall Frigates, Fircfliips, Bomb-VefleJs, Hofpital-Ships, and other fmall Veflels. The iid of JuNe Sir Cloudejly Shove II getting out of the River oi Lisbon, met with the Ships ixoxn Ire lajid, and the i4rh a Frigate coming into the Fleet from Gibraltar, brought the Prince ofHeJfe, who was going to that Place, or to meet the Earl of Teterborois; coming from thence with the Forces ; and off of Cape Spartetl the Fleet was to cruile until his Lordfliip arriv'd, with whom there were ten Ships from 5*0 Guns upwards, and Ibme fmall Frigates. His Lordlhip coming on board the Fleet in Altea Bay, and his Catholick Majefty being defirous to land near Barcelona, fince he thought himfclf aflured of the Loyalty of the People of Catalonia, it was refolved to proceed thither with the firfl Opportunity of a Wind, and his Majefty with the Forces being landed there, it was judged neceffary to attempt fbmething of Moment, though with Hazard, for the Honour of the Queen's Arms, and the Service of the King. The X4th of Aiigiift the Earl of Teterborow defired, at a Coun- cil of War, to be informed whether, after eighteen Days, rhe Fleet could accompany the Army in any Enterprize on fhore, and that if the Forces could be embarked in leven Days, the time would admit of their proceeding towards the Relief of the Duke of Savoy ^ and the Performance of Services recommended to them in Italy. Upon debating this Matter by the Englijh and Dutch Flags, (his Lord- fliip prefent) it was determined, that if it fliould be refolved to at- . tack Barcelona, according to the King of Spain"?, Letter of the zd of September, N. S. all poflible Alliftance Ihould be given therein by the Fleer, and that if the Troops marched towards Tarragona, it fliould attend them, and aflift on any Enterprize. That if it was not found prafticable to attempt Barcelona, otherwilc than wirh apparent Ruin to the Army, and the Generals at Land ihould defire the Troops might embark, the Boats belonging to the Fleet fliould be employed in taking them from the Shore; and that when there was found but little Prolpcdt of doing more Service in Spain, rhe Fleet might accompany the Troops as far as Nice, or thereabouts^ provided they could embark in a Week's time On the 17th the Earl of 'Petcrboro'-sj fcnt a Propoial, by Briga- dier Stanhope, that a Number of Men might be landed Irom the Fleer, to alTifl: in the Attempt againfl: Barcelona, and it was deter- mined by the Admiral, and the rcfl: of the Flag-Officcrs, to land y two Chap. XVIII. from the Tear i <^^8, to 1^12. 6S7 two thoufand five hundred Men, well arm'd, including thole already Agreed to on fhoiC, chc doing whereof would reduce the Ships to their mid- 1"""^ 'f'" die Complement?, the "Dutch Admiral agreeing alio to afiill: with fix a^Barcclona! hundred Men : However, if the French Fleet approached, it was deemed neceffary the faid Men, as well as the Marine Soldiers, Ihould immediately come on board again. But confidering the Winter Scalbn was advancing, it was judged ^^"rmmed too late for the Fleet to proceed to the Coaft oi Italy, hilomuch f^^^'^'J^ ^^ that it was determined to return towirds England the firfl: fair Wind Italy. after the loch of September^ yet Hncc the Army had got Poirenion oi Mont Jouiy and all the Out-works, the Number of Men bcfore- mention'd were pur on Ihore, for the more Ipc^dy Redu(5lion of Bar- celona, and the Gunners, and Carpenters, de fired by the Earl of ■?£"- ter&orozi', weie in a Readineis, when it might be thought neccG' fary, to land them. It was alio determined that eight Ships of War Refolded to ihould not only cannonade the Town, under the Command of Sir ^'""^ ^^'"' Stafford Fairborn, Vice Admiral of the Red, but cover the Bomb- '"fde'^^xll-' Veflcls which were appointed to bombard it. Now although it had 'ona. been relolvcd Ibme time before to be drawing homeward after the xoth of September, it was, on the 19th of that Month, agreed to remain before the Place with the Fleet, and to give all polUble Affiftance, fincc 'twas hoped it might in little time be reduced to Obedience ; and Cannon, Powder, and Shot, were lent on Ihore for the Batteries, as well as for the Garrilbn of Lerida. This important Place being reduced, it was, at a Council of War, Barcelona re- held the ift of October, judged not to be convenient to continue ^''"^' ""''.'^ longer in the Mediterranean, fmce the Ships were in want of Pro- ^cdlo TrllTed' vifious and Stores, which could not be had in thofe Parts, nor was home with there any Port for refitting them ; wherefore it was refolved to ap- '^^ ^'^"• point fifteen Englijl? Ships of the Line, and ten "Dutch, with Fri- to appoint i gates, Firelhips, Bomb- Veflcls, ^c. for a Winter Squadron; and"''"""" iince the States-General were fending from Holland to Lisbon five '^'^'"^ '''"^' Ships of War, it was propofed that ten might be dilpatched from England, which would make forty of the Line, that being judged fuificient until they could be (trengthencd towards the end of April. A farther Quantity of Powder was put on fliore from the Eng- lijh and "Dutch Ships: with eight Brafs Guns, carrying a fix Pound Ball, and it was refolved that when the Ships defign'd to continue abroad with S'\x John Leake were reduced to feven Weeks Provifions at Short- Allowance, he Ihould proceed to Lisbon to refit and vi«5ual them, and that two Fourth Rates, three Fifths, and one of the Sixth Refolved to Ihould be left to follow the Orders of the Earl of Teterborow ; ^H]' (^^/^ fo that the whole were divided as follows. the Eari of Peterbo- row. To proceed to England with Sir Qlov.dejly Shovcll, Rate. N°. The manner *■ '~~~^ how the Fleet X 3 WJ divided. Rate <^ 8 8 NavalTranfaBtons of the Englilh, BookV. Rate. N°. 3 13 r 5 4 6 ■ I Bomb-Veflels 3 Fircfliips 4 Yacht I To remain with Sir John Leake, i, z 3 ^8 4 4 5 3 Bomb Vcflels x Fircfliips x Hofpital I Yacht I With the Earl ofPeterl/orow, 4 ^ 5 — 3 6 ' I Left at Gibraltar. — z To cruife for the Brafil Fleer. 3 I 4 . I Accordingly Sir Clcndejly Shovell fail'd, and getting out of the Str eights the i6th o( 06fober , appointed fome Ships to convoy Sir cioudeny '^hc Trade home from Lisbotiy himfelf arriving at Sftthead the i()th Shovell Account of the Enemy's Naval Preparations, and other Papers re- lating to the Difpofuion of the People of Cadiz, and to the Galleons ^"^ which were going thence to the Spanijh fVeft-Indies ; and there- upon it was rcfolved to proceed dircdtiy to Cadiz with all x.hQ"f'>^'^i^toat- Ships then ready, viz. nine Third Rates, one Fourth, two Frigates, [""cAiL^"" two FireHiips, and one Bomb V^flci of the Englijl?, and of the 'Dutch, fix of the Line of Battel, one Frigate, two Firefliips, and a Bomb ; and if they found the Galleons in the Bay, they were, if Wind and Weather would permit, to go dircdtly in, and endeavour to take or deftroy them. There were at this time fomc Ships of War and Traniports cxpcded with Forces from England for Catalo- nia, and it was determined, if they timely arrived, to take the for* mcr, and to leave the Traniports at Lisbon, fuice it was not fafe to lend them up the Streights without a Convoy capable to pro- tedf them. Three Days after another Council of War took into Confideration ^J"J["^f a Memorial of the King of Tortvgal^ to the Lord-AmbaffadoriV/f- ^yar agrte to thuen, and the Miniflcr of the States General at Lisbon, as alio the iheRefoiniwnt prefling Orders of the Lord High- Admiral for luccouring Barcelona, "^ ' ' ^ ■'"""• whereupon it was determined to proceed according to the Reiolu- tions of the former Council, and when that Service Ihould be over, to appoint as many Ships -as could be fpared for the Security of the T t 1 1 Portugal 6 ^ o NavalTra?ifa6Hoj?s of the Englilh, Book V. "Portugal Brajil Fleer, and with the reft to repair to and remain at Gibraltar, until they fliould be join'd by the Ships and Tranl- ports exped:ed f om Ejigland. Sir John The 14th of Febrti.iry the 'Dutch Ships join'd ours in the Bay of Leake under JJ/^ares, and next Morning Sir John Leake got under Sail, but when •^'"'' » he was near the Bar at the Entrance of the River of Lisbon, feveral jiopp-dby the Sliot were fired at him from St. Julian'^ Caftle and fome of the Portuguefe/» Forts, ^^ hich obhgcd him to come to an Anchor ; the Commanding theRr.er of Qfl^^cr in the Caille acquainting him that he had Orders from the Duke of Cadaial not to iuiler any Ship of War, or Merchant Ship to pals the Bar ; io that, being thus delayed, he could not get out until next Morning. The x7th he reached the length of the Cape St. Vincent, where he met the Wind Eafterly, and towards Noon it fell calm, but then Jpringing up VV cftcriy, it veered nor long after to the N. and N. by E. He endea- which carry 'd him by next Morning the length of Cape St. Mary's^ ■vours to in- ^yj^gQ [^ ^amc to the N. E. ai,d N. E. by E. with which he flood to cliuonsjrom the Southward, fo as that he might lie m a Mir way for intercepting Cadiz. the Galleons, Ihould ihey get out before the Wind would permit his reaching Cadiz. The fame Night he received Advice, by a Letter from Vice- Ad- miral IVa(fenaer, that the Galleons and Flora failed the loth of March, N. S. in the Morning, with a hard Gale Eafterly, and that they were in all about thivy fi\c, or thirty fix, of which ten or twelve of 40, 46, and feme of 56 Guns, mofl of them Privateers, which were detained, by order of Khz French Court, to condudt them fome part of their way. Sir John on this fteer'd away S. W, by S. and S.W. all Night, though with little hopes of coming up with them, unlefs the Eaflerly Wind had left them when they got sir John the length of the Cape St. ^/>/r^;/?. Next Morning he faw two Leake by be- Sail a head, the Wind being Hill frelh at E. N. E, and at fix a Clock S'Poftu-''' Vice- Admiral JVaJfenaer took one of them, as our Ship called the guefe miffcs Northumberland did the other, they being Spaniards bound firfl to the caihon:. j^e Canary Ijlands, and thence to the Weftlndies, and fmce they failed from Cadiz the Day after the Galleons, it was judged to no purpofe to follow them longer. But here it is not improper to obferve, that the fame Day Sir y /- i ^i • ■ Day, and then it was determined not to Hay for the Snips and Tranfports from Ireland, but to proceed to Tarragona ; and if by the Scouts he fent for Intelligence, it Ihould be found the French were in the Road of Barcelona, and not too ftrong, to give them Refoived to Battel. It was dercrmined to proceed Northward ot Alajorca, that proceed to the Jq tj^gy naight timcly arrive to relieve the City, which they under. ceiona ^^' ftood was iu great danger, and that each Ship ihould make the beft of Chap. XIX. from the Tear 1 6 ^'^^ to 1112. 69^ of her way thither, wichouc lofing time by flaying one for another; mean wliile the Earl of 'Peterboroij:j carae off to the Fleet with leveral Barks, on board of which were about fourteen hundred Land- Forces, and hoifled his Flag, as Admiral, on the 'Prince George^ f^'"-^ of Peter- where Sir Jobn Leake alfo bore his. Sir George Byng and Sir John '^°.T^^,j p, Jennhigs^ with feveral Ships which were the bcft Sailers, got into on board the Barcelona Road on the 8th of Aprils in the Afternoon, fome Hours ^^'"■ Iboncr than tiie reft, who dilcovcred the Rear of the French Fleet sJceorge going chence in no little Dilordcr. Byng The Appearance of the Enil'tjh and Dutch Ships caufed an ex- ^"'^" ■'^"" cceding Joy tn rhe Inhabitants, and immediately the K-ing lent orr ;?ry? ro Barce.- an Officer, defiring that the Land- Forces might be put on fliore, '""'■ for that he was in hourly Expectation the Enemy would make an ^/^"/ '^„J^^ Aflault at the Breach, which was judged to be then pradricable, lb our Forces fi*t that all the Troops, together with the Marine Soldiers, were with "" ''^^'"'*' all polFible Diligence landed from the Fleet. The French neverthclefs continued their Attack on the 9th and t"/'' French the loth, but the next Day their Fire abated very much, and great "h'^r'^ttack! Numbers of Peafants and Miquelets coming down from the Moun- tain?, they, with feveral Volunriers from the City, endeavoured to diflodge the Enemy from the Pod they had taken. Thele Skir- miihes continued until Eleven at Night, and then the French fired two Guns from a Battery on an Hill , which proved to be the Sig- ^^' French nal for a general Retreat. The young Prince of He^'e Darmjiat, ''n^ar/rlm' who commanded at the Breach, fent out a Party to view the Vorx. before the Mont Joui y and to difcover the Enemy's Mines, which they had ^''^"• the good Fortune to do juft when the Matches were almoft con- liamed, not but that one of them blew up Ibme part of the Fort. The French let great part of their Magazines on fire, but the S" fire to neighbouring Peafaurs laved fome of them, as leveral Miquelets, and 'J'^'^f^"^'^' Soltlicrs, who fally'd out from the City, did a confiderable Quanti- ty of Powder, by timely putting out the lighted Matches; and thele rhe Mique- PcopL' at Break of Day, lupported by Ibme Horfe, very much har- '^^'^^ ^'-- '""'' raffed the Enemy's Rear, with whom they skirmifhed until Nine in French. the Morning, when a total Eclipl'e of the Sun held them both in ^» Fdipfe of Suipcnfe for Ibme time ; but as loon as it was over, the Catalans ''" ^'"'• fell on them with more Fury ; mean while others went out of the Town to the Enemy's abandon'd Camp, where they found above a hundred Pieces of Brals Cannon, a great Number of Bombs and Gra- ^''« French nadocs. Powder, Cannon, and Musket-Balls, Lead, Spades, Shovels, /^^'/^"J^^^^ and many other things, which in the Hurry and Confufion they carnp. were in they had left behind, and in the Camp were one hundred and fifty fick and wounded Men. This important Place being thus preferved, the Fleet failed from thence rhe i8th of ^/^, with all the Forces on board the Ships of j^^^ p/,^, ^^. War and Tranfports which could be fpared from the Service of C'^- rives on the talonia. and arrived on the Coafl oi Valencia the Z4th, where they ^oa(iofVz.- 1111 T-» lenca. were lauded the next Day. a council of On the 30th of the fame Month, at the Inflance of the Earl o'iwirM.Uand TeterboroiJj^ a Council of War was called , where were ^^^^^^^"„,^edio'at^ • * Sir tack Alicant. 6^4 NavalTranfaBmis of the Englifh, Book V. Carthagena yields. Sir Jo/m Leake, Sir George Byng, %\x John Jennings, and Captain Trice ; and of the 'Dutch, Vice-Admiral Wajfenaer, Captain Mojfe, and Captain Somerfdike, by whom it was relolved to proceed to ^- licant, but if the Town, upon Summons, rcfuled to liarrendcr, to repair to Altea, and remain there until they Ihould be join'd by the Bomb-Veflels from Gibraltar, with the Ships of War expected from England and Holland, and that the Land- Forces arrived near^/i- cant to co-operate with the Fleet. When they were the length of Altea two Gentlemen came ofT, who acquainted Sir John Leake that the People of Carthagena would, upon the Appearance of the Fleet, declare for King Charles the Third, but that Major- General Mahoni being gotten into All- cant with five hundred Horfe, it would require a formal Siege to reduce that Place. Hereupon he proceeded to Carthagena, and the Spaniards yielding, when they law in what Condition we were to attack them, a Garrifbn of fix hundred Marines was put into the Place, under Major Hedges, who was appointed Governor, and Sir John Jennings was left to I'ettle the Affairs of the City. Soon af- ter Sir John Leake being informed that there was at Altea two Gallies going over to Oran, on the Coaft of Barbary, with Mony to pay that Garrifon, he ordered the Hampton-Court and Tyger Two SpaiiiHi thither, upon the Appearance of which Ships they came off, and de- Gailus yield, ^.j^^g^j fy^ j^,^g C/jarles. The Fleet arriving off of Alicant the a6th of June in the After- noon, the Admiral lent a Summons to the Garriibn, but was an- fwer'd by Mahoni, that he was refolved to defend it to the laft Ex- tremity, and that to enable him to do it, he had near one thoufand Horfe and Foot, befides the Inhabitants, having turn'd out of the Place all the ufelefs People. After remaining fourteen Days for the Troops in order to carry on the Siege, they were on the loth of July within three Leagues of the Place, but in the whole they exceeded not one hundred and fifty SpaniJ}y Horfe, and thirteen hundred Foot. Brigadier Gorge commanded them, who was of opinion that not lels than three thoufand were iiifficient for the intended Service, for he had not a- ny Dependance on the two thoufand Militia ; and it was now judg- ed that there were not Forces fufficient in Spain to afiift the Duke of Savoy, they being in all not above two thoufand five hundred Foot ; and (as the Earl of 'Peterboro'-jj reprcfented) Affairs were much embarraffed, by the King's refolving to go to Saragofa, in- ftead of taking the readieft way to Madrid. However, fince it was determined to zttzck Alicant, all the Ma- rines left at Carthagena were lent for, my Lord Peterboro'i:) hav- ing appointed another Garrifon for that Place ; and Brigadier Gorge marching from Elche, encamped the iifl within a Mile of the Town. The fame Day, and the next Morning, all the Marines in the Fleet were landed, and eight hundred Seamen, and at Night the Town was bombarded. Next Day at Noon Sir George Byng hoifled his Flag on board the Shrewsbury, and with her, and four more Third Rates, anchored Alicant /«w moned. Brigadier Gorge afi- froaches Ali- cant with till Troops. Alarines and Seamen land id, and Ali- cant bont' barded, in Chap. XIX. from the Tear 169S, to i-] 12. 695 in a Line lo near to the Town, that they foon dilmounted ibmc of -"'George their Guns facins the Sea, which were above one hundred and fix- P/"f '''''■'^", ty, and drove tlic Enemy from them. /«>» iheW The X4th Sir John Jennings arrived with the Ships from Cartha- '^■■■"'■ gcna, when the Marines he brought from thence were landed ; and mngsTrM-Jlj four Days after the Troops having, early in the Morning, made ■with the au- thcmlclves Maftcrs of the Suburbs, all the Boats being mann'd and c""h/4Ta. arm'd, they repaired along the fide of the Shrewsbury^ to receive rhe i,uburhs Orders for fiiftaining them, or to make an Attack on the Town. "''■'^"• At Nine in rhe Morning the Ships had made a Breach in the round Tower at the Weft End of the Town, and another at rhe middle of the Curtain, between the Mole and the Eaftermoft Baftion, u hen the Land-Forccs marching up towards the Wall of the City, fifteen Grenadiers with an Officer and Serjeant advancing, without order lb to do, to the Breach at the round Tower, all the Boats under The Boats Command of Sir John Jennings went diredtly to luftain them, but -^'■•'"hstr ]o\\n e'er the Men landed, the Grenadiers were beaten back. However the luw^thl^"' Boats proceeded, and all the Men getting on fliore. Captain Evans Land Forces. of the Royal Oak mounting the Breach firft, got into the Town with ^"J"^ °^"" two or three of the Boat's Crews ; Captain 'PaJJenger of the Royal JounTThe Anne followed, and next to him Captain JVatkins oi\\\z St .George^ snach. with Ibmc Seamen. Sir John Jennings, with the reft of the Sea- men and Forces who were in Poflefilon of the Suburbs, mov'd on to fopport them, who coming inro the Town, fecur'd the Pofts, and The Town ta- made proper Dilpofitions until the reft got in, when Mahoni rctir- ^'«. and'su- ing into the Caftle, Kft them in Pon^effion, with the Lois of but )rXel''a7u. very few Men ; but Colonel Petit was kill'd in the Suburbs, when coUnd Pedt (landing Arm in Arm with S\r John Jennings, by a fmall Shot out '"'■'■^^• of a Window, as they were viewing the Ground for raifnig a Bat- tery againft the Wall of the Town, bcfidcs whom there were not a- bove thirty killed, either of the Sea or Land, and not more than eighty wounded, notwithftanding the Spaniards had a continued Communicarion from one Houie to another, and fired on our Men from the Windows, and Holes made for that purpofe. Next Day Brigadier Gorge fent a Summons to the Caftle, but Ma~ Bngadkr honi anfwer'd, he was rciblvcd to defend it to the laft, although our Gorge /a^- ,,,, 1111/^ iir^i mens the Ca- Ships had then dilmounted all their Cannon towards the Sea, beat//<.. down part of the Wall, and that the Shells thrown from the Bombs annoy'd them very much. Notwithftanding this Relolution of Ma- TheCaflie honi, the Cartlc iurrender'd the 25th of Auguji, though it might Z"''"'"^'"- have held out longer ; but great part of the People who were in it being Neapolitans, and many of them Officers, they obliged the Go- vernor to yield; for by a continued cannonading from the Ships, as well as from the Batteries, and by the Coehorn Mortars, which play'd on them both Day and Night, they had but little time to reft, and a confiderable Number of Men were kill'd and wounded. The 29th of AiiguJ} there was Intelligence that the French were beaten in Italy, and the Siege of Turin rais'd, ib that it was re- ^,/„;„ ,1,^1 (blvcd to proceed 10 Alt e a to take in Water, and to lend theTranl- thestegeo/ ports to England with foqr Ships of the Third Rate, not in a Con- ^^ "'J^ """^ dition 6^6 hi aval TranfaBions of the Englilli, BookV. Some Dutch Ships fent home. Sir John Jen- nings proceedi luirh a Squa- dron defipid for the Weil- Indies to Lis- bon. Sir John Leake order td home, and Sir George Byng to re- main abroad, y \\(^i furren- der'd to sir John Leake, and Majorca. sir John Leake ar- rives in Eng- land. Sir John Leake's 1»- ftru6lions to Sir George Byng. dition to flay abroad, and the next Day the 'Dutch Admiral dcrach'd for Hollavd, by order of rhe States-General, fix Ships ot the Line, and foon after two more to Lisbon. 1 he zd of September the Fleet came to Altea Bay, being one Fiift Ra!c, two Seconds, twelve Thirds^ onel-ounh, and three Fire- lliips of the Etiglijh, and of the Dutch ten of the Line, which Day Sir John Jennings lad'd to Lisbon with fix Third Rares, four Fourths two Fifths, and a Fircfliip, tijcrc to refit and vi{3;ual them for their intended Voyage to tne ITcJi Indies ; and the Earl oi^Peterborow gave Orders to Sir Jehu Leake to repair to England, leaving Sir Gcors^e Byng to command the Winter Squadron, bur fivft to proceed to Tvica and AJtijorca, and oblige tho.e two Iflands to fubmit. He lailing from Aitea the 6di of September, came before Tvifa the 9th, the Governor of which iHand lalurcd him before he anchor- ed, and icnr Deprics to tender his Obedience. Five Days after he came to Majorca, but the Vice- R.oy, and others in the Intereft: of iheDukeof y////f he came to an Anchor the next Day, but for Intelligence, kept two CaniiagenV Frigates cruifmg to Windward. The 17th he chalcd a Ship that was U u u u dilco- ^^8 NavalTrafifa8ionsoftheEng\i{h, BookV. '^ French Ship of 46 Guns taken. A French Privateir burnt. fiir VVilham WhetQone returns to Ja- maica. A ship nf-LJ, (Juns taken. The m-'P. pro- bable vjay of intercepting the Galleons ■when return- inz home. The Rear-Ad- miral ctmes e/o/Hllpa- niolii, but much iliCaileil by bad '.lea- ther, he re- turns to Ja- maica. difcovered at a confiderable Diftance, which in the Night ran in a- mong the Samhay Keys, where were very uncertain Soundings, and Shoal Water, iuibmuch that the Brijiol, a Ship of 5-0 Guns, came on Ground, but was gotten off with licde or no Damage; however, they came up with the French Ship, and after two Hours Difpute with thole that were nearefl; to her, Ihc fubmitted. She had 46 Guns mounted, and carried out with her three hundred and ievcnty Men, but bury'd all but one hundred and fifty, unlels it were a few they had put into Prizes. She brought fix hundred and forty Negroes fiom Guinea, of which two hundred and forty died, and moll of the reft were fet on ihore at Martinica, the Ifland of St. Thomas, and Santa Martha, for they had heard that a Squadron oi Englijh Ships was in the Wcjl Indies. The Rear- Admiral plying to the Eaftward, difcover'd off of the River Grande two Sail dole in with the Land, one of which being forced on fliore, was burnt by her own Men, being a Privateer fit- ted out at Martinica to difturb our Trade. The Coaft being thus alarm'd, and no Prolpedt of any immediate Service, he returned to Jamaica, but appointed three of the bcft Sailers to cruife twenty bays o\\ oi Anigada, in the Windward PafTage, for the French in their return home, it being the ufual time for them to go from Te- tit-Guavas, Tort deTaix, and other Places, but thole Ships join- ed him again without any Succefs. About the beginning o'i Angnjl he fent the Momitague and HeEfory which were clean'd jufl: before, to cruife between Torto Bella and Carthagena, for a rich Ship expedtcd about that time to be in her PafTage to Port Louis., which two Frigates took a French Ship of 24 Guns, bound \.o Q-x^t Francois , with Sugar, Indigo, and between four and five thoufand Hides. As it is ufbal for the Galleons, when they are to lade any con- fiderable Quantity of Plate, to touch at fome of the Windward Ports firft, and then repair to La Vera Cruz, there to take in their Wealth, and about the Alonths oi March o\ April to fail to the Havana for Water, and Rcfrelhmcnts, and thence to proceed home; lo the moft probable way for intercepting them is by a Squadron's cruifing in the Bay of Cawpeche ; but IhoulJ they meet with Succels, they muft return to England through the Gulph of Florida, becaulc it is very diilicult to turn up to Jamaica.^ when they are lb far to Leeward; not that the Rear-Admiral was ftrong enough to do this, even the* he had left that Ifland, (which he was dirc(^ed to have a particular Eye to) without any Guard by Sea. The r6th of An gu ft he failed from 'Jamaica with the Suffolk, Bri- ftol, and Folkft.on, together with x\\t Rcfcrvc, which Ship he fent foon after to cruife on the North fide of that Ifland. The lyth he got fair up with Hifpaniola, and at Six in the Evening the Wind was at N. N. E. which Ihifted loon after to the S. S. E. with much Wind and Rain, fo that moft of the Ships were dilablcd in their Mafts, Sail':, and Rigging, and in luch a Condition Ibme of them were, elpecially that Ship where he bore the Flag, by the Weight of Wa- ter which made its way into them, that they were in the greateft danger Chap. XX. from the Tear 16^8, ta 1712. 69^ danger of being foundcr'd ; however, in this lamentable Cafe, they had the good Fortune to xzzch Jamaica., where they continued a coufidcrablc time before they could be put in a Condition for far- ther Service. The Mount ague, a Ship of 60 Guns, fbmc time after met with on the Coaft of Hifpafiiolay one of 40, and another of ^6, both loaden, and bound to France, which atter engaging about an Hour, ^^eMounta- and Night coming on, flie lofl: fight of, but faw them fairly next f.^^ pTnA Morning. The Officers were not then willing to renew the Fight, shifi, they nor were the Seamen lefs backward, fo that the Enemy Dipt through '^'"f- their Fingers, of which the Commander complaining to the Flag, the Officers were difmifled, and his Condudt being examin'd into at a Court Martial, he was honourably acquitted, it plainly appearing that neither his Officers nor Men had any Inclination to fland by him. The Rear- Admiral , however, thought it proper to fend two Fourth Rates in quefl of thefe Ships that had efcaped the Mounta- gue, which meeting them, with Merchant Ships in their Company, some of ou,- they were To intent on Icizing the latter, that they gave Opportu- ''^,f/fLZ"fl"d nity to the others to efcape. To that they only brought in five; but t~.vo ships, the Senior Captain, who had of Courle the Command, was broke '^'"^ ''-^ '^^^" for his ill Condud: by a Court-Martial. ]et"hem"- At this time there was a great want of Stores and Provifions in fot^- the Squadron, nor could the Ifland of Jamaica furnilh what was nece/Tary ; in Addition to which Misfortune there happen'd another, for (by what Accident was not known) the Suffolk y where Rear- Admiral IVhetfione's Flag was flying, happen'd to blow up in the The Rear- Ad- Gun-room, and as moll: of the Men there were kill'd, fo were fe- 'hio-l's\tl'm vcnty more burnt to that degree in their Hammocks between the the cun- Dccks, that moft of them died foon after -, and had the Ports been """"• open when this unhappy Accident happen'd, the Ship mull have run the greatcft Hazard of being deflroyed. The Flag had an Account of no more than five French Ships at Martinica, which had iome time before plunder'd the South fide of St. ChriJtopher'Si four of them from 66 to 5-0 Guns, and one of 31 ; befides which they had feveral Sloops; and towards the latter end 170.1. of March he flretched over again to the Coaft of Hijpaniola, rak- ing with him a Sloop, appointed by the Governor of Jamaica to carry the King of Spain's Declarations to the Commander in Chief at t!arthagcnay in which Port the Spanijh Galleons were arrived ten Days before he came on the Coaft, but not being able to do any Service there, he rcturn'd : And it is fomewhat remarkable that this Year the Barlovento Ships, four in Number, went away from La Vera Cruz, in 'December, which was fooner than had been known before, and arrived at Tuerto Rico in February. In the beginning of _7«;/f the Rear- Admiral had Advice that forac 1706. French Ships were at 'Petit Guavas, three or four of them Men Advice 0/ of War, and that they were to be join'd by the like Number from/"^"" ^'■^"j'^ Cape Franfois, whereupon he immediately put to Sea with one Ship 5/,. vviUiam of .the Third Rate, two of the Fourth, two of the Fifth, and a Fire- vvhctiione Uuuui ihip,^''^"''^" 700 NavaITra77fa8io?is of theJingWfh, BookV. jidvice of Monfteiir Du Call'e, vc Co;»madore Kerr arrives a: Jamaica. The Squadron comes before Carthagena, hut judged not fraclicabU to attempt the Galleons there. Sir William Whetrtone fails for Eng- land, and leaves Mr. Kerr at Ja- maica. Commodore Kerr'! Pro- tei-dings before he joined Sir William Wtietftone at Jamaica. fliip, in hopes ot attacking them before they could join, but aftrong Lee Current fruftratcd his Defign ; nor was it long e'er he heard that Monficur 'Du Caffe was gone to Carthagena with eight (tout Ships of War, and that he was defign'd from thence to TortoBellOy and afterwards (as was given out) for La Vera Cruz ; befides, ic was reported , that thoie to Windward would go to the Havana^ and ftay there until Monfieur T>h Cajfe joined them from La Vera Cruz, lo that they would then be in all fixteen. The 7th oi July, purliiant to Orders from the Lord High- Admi- ral, he fent the Mountagne and Folk/ton to Ncwfojindland, there to join other Ships which might be expedited from England, and the i5'th of the fame Mouth Commadore Kerr arrived at 'Jamaica^ upon which a Council of War was cali'd , where it was agreed to fend thofe Frigates back, to Barbadoes and the Lee'-ji-ard-IJlands, which he had brought from thence upon notice that Jamaica was in danger. The Ships that carae irom England with Mr. Kerr were one of the Third Rate, five of the Fourth, two of the Fifth, two Sixth Rates, and a Firefliip ; and Sir TVilliam IVhetJione having Advice that fome of the Enemy's Ships and Galleons were at Car- thagena, it was refolved to proceed thither, purfuant to the Inftru- d:ions of the High- Admiral, which required their adding together if they found any Profpedt of doing Service. Rear-Admiral Wbetjlone and Captain Kerr failed from Jamaica the 8th oi Angiiji, and coming before the Harbour oi Carthagena the 1 8th, a Letter was fent to the Governor of the Place, with fome printed Papers, declaring the Succels of HcrMajcfty'sArms, inCon- jundlion with thofe of Her Allies, and inviting him to fubmit to King Charles his lawful Prince; to which he made evafive Anfvvers and withal told them, that he knew no other King than T'hilip his rightful Sovereign. In the Port there were fourteen Galloons, all lying cloie in with the Town, and unrigg'd, and as the Spaniards would not fuffcr any Ships ro enter there, or at Torto Bella, fo did not the Pilots in the Squadron think it proper to force a Paflage, by reafon of the Narrownefs of the Port, and the Shoals, urJefs we were firft in PofTcfiiou of Bocca Chica Caftle, and the other Forts, fince there was no turning in for Ships of fuch Draught of Water; wherefore Sir William IVhetJione returning to Jamaica, he, when the Trade was ready, made the beft of his way from thence to Eng- land, where he arrived the z3d oiTDecember, having left Mr. Kerr to command the Ships defign'd Ibr farther Service at the aforelaid Ifland ; and of what happen'd during his being there, as well as in his Paffage thither, I Ihall in the next Place give an Account. In his Voyage from England he faw the Trade bound to Virgi- nia, and Newfoundland, about one hundred Leagues into the Sea, and calling at Barbadoes, and the Leewardljlands, (at the latter whereof the French had Ibme little time before done confidcrable Milchief, by landing Men from their Ships, and Sloops, and carry- ing off great Numbers of Negroes) it was relblved that his Squadron (which was one Third Rate, five Fourths, two Fifths, one Sixth, and a Firefhip) Ihould be re-inforced by the two Fourth Rates attend- ing Chap. XX. from the Tear 1698, to 1712. 701 ing on Barbadoes., and the Fifth Rate Frigate at the Leeward-IJlandsy which were to be returned to their Stations as foon as they could be fpared ; for ir was now judged that the French were gone to Ja- maica, and that tholb Squadrons commanded by Monficurs Chabre- nac and T) 'Iberville., were to be join'd by another with Monfieur T)u Cajfe, who, as it was reported, was firfl: to touch at the Ifland oVTabago, lying almoft as far to the Eaftward as Barbadoes, in a- bout n'' and 16'" Latitude. Stretching over ixom Jamaica to the Coaft oi Hi/pan io la., he ap- pointed the Ifle oi JJhe for his Rendezvous, which is on the South Weft Coaft oi Hifpaniola., jufl; within which the French have a great Settlement call'd Port Louis, and thence plying over to Terra Fir- ina to the Bay of G^r^, there the Squadron wooded and water'd, and the Men were refrelh'd, whence departing the 4th oi Sefteni' ber for his aforelaid Rendezvous, the Ifle oi AJhcy the Winds hang- ing Northerly, he was forced to Leeward, and making the Weft End of Hifpaniola, he held a Council of War, to confider whether it was pradlicable to attempt Port Louis by Surprize before they failed to not thought F'etitGuavas., but the Pilots not being well acquainted with the '"''"^''^''*''^ '" Entrance into the Port, it was determined forthwith to proceed to Lomf/ ^' ' the latter Place, and to go to the Northward of the Ifland Guanava, the better to carry on the Defign without being difcover'd. The 13 th of September he gave Orders to Captain Boyce to pro- capt. Boyce ceed with a fmall Frigate called the 'Dunkirk Trize, and the Boats ^^"^ ^"^ of the Squadron, mann'd and arm'd, and to range in the Night ^- jiToyship/at Jong the Bays oi Logan e and Tetit-Guavas , with all poflible Care Logane anA and Secrecy, and lb to difpofe of them as that they might deftroy P^tit-Guavas. the Enemy's Ships in either of thofe Roads, and to return to the Squadron next Morning upon the Signal which fliouid be made. But if he got notice at Logane that there were any Number of French Ships at 'Petit-Gua'vas., he was, without proceeding farther, to come off and join the Commadorc. On this Service the Frigate and Boats proceeded, but fomc of them ftraggling from the reft, alarm'd ihe They fail in Coaft, lb that the Attempt was rendcr'd impradicable. the Attempt There was fuch a Mortality among the Men belonging to the Ships, that for a confiderablc time the whole Squadron lay at Ja- maica altogether ulclefs ; and on the ad of January Sir John Jen- sir John jen- nings arrived with the Ships detached from the Streights, of whofe "'"p '":'''^" Proceedings thither, and while he was in thofe Parts, I come now "' J*'"*'"- to give an Account. As it hath been already faid, he was directed to repair to Lisbon to refit and vidiual his Squadron, and although he was much inter- rupted therein by bad Weather, yet he fail'd from thence the 15'th oi'OBober, but contrary Winds preventing his reaching the Made- " ras, he bore away for Tenerijfe, one of the Canary Iflands, and flood clofe in to the Bay of Santa Cruz the i/th, where he difco- Endeavour a ver'd five Ships near to the Fortifications. Some of the fmaller Fri- '"^I'/.'^r^' gates were lent in to endeavour, by their Boats, to cut their Cables, ship% at'iwx.i. and turn them on fliore, but the French and Spaniards fired fb hotly ^ruz. from the Platforms they had rais'd, that it was not pradicable to make 702 NavalTranfdtlionsofthc'Englifh, BookV. make any Attempt with the Boats, without laying fome Ships fo as that their Broadfides might batter the Forts ; ib that proceeding to- wards the Cape ycrde Iflands, he arrived the 4th of November at St. Jtngo^ the chief of rhem, where he water'd the Ships, and fup- plied them with frclh Provifions, which he purchafed by the Con- fcnt of the Tcrtuguefe Governor. 5;> John Jen- From thence he fail'd the izth, and arrived in Carlijle Bay at nings comes Bavbadoes the 29th, where he ftay'd until the 5-th of "December, to Barbadoes, |.|^yjj^g ^^^ ^^ fliorc the Guns and Ordnance-Stores appointed for the better Security of that Colony, as he did at the Leeijjard' IJlafids, when he arrived there. /ie Leeward- On his Arrival at Moiiferat , he ordered the Mary^ Roebuck^ lilands, and Faulcon to run down the Spanijh Coaft, as low as Cart ha- geudy to gain Intelligence in what Port the Galleons were, and then "'"^ to join him at Jamaica ; and he having touched at other of the Lcewardljlands ; and lent fome of the Ships of his Squadron to Jamaica, as the reft, with the necelTary Supplies, he arrived at Jamaica the id afcrefaiti. o^ Jaiiuary, as is betbre-mention'd. There he found Commadore Kerr's Pendant of Diftind:ion flying in the Sunderland^ a Ship of the Fourth Rate, the reft of his Squadron , viz. the Breda , Wind- for^ and AJJifldnce, being in the Harbour refitting, having buried a great many Men , but by the AfTiftance of General Handa/jde, Governor of the Iftand, who furnilhed as many Soldiers as could be fparcd, he got the three firft in a Condition for Service, and by the laid Governor was informed, that, according to the laft Advices he had received, the Galleons were ftill at Carthagena, all unrigg'd, havittg no part of their Loading on board, and that in all Proba- bility they would not be ready to lail in lefs than nine Months. s;r John Jen- ' By One of his Ships, the Mary, he lent a Letter to the Gover- nings fends a. ^^^ ^f C'drthageud, letting him know that the Queen his Miftrefs Governor' of having eipoufcd the Intercft oi Charles the Third oi Spain, had by Carthagena, her bwn Arms, and thole of her Allies, reduced the greateft part ■with an Ac- ^ j^^^. j^jngr^joQj Q^d thereby redeem'd them from the intended count of our ^ i »-> / ^t • i <- r» i sucHtfs In Slavery of the trench. That he was order d into thole Parts by Spain. HcT Majefty, with the Concurrence of the Catholick King, to afTure all his Subjcds there of Her Majefty's Friendlhip and Protediion ; offers to con- ^^^ x.\\zK if thc General of the Galleons Ihould think fit to accept w'/spim". of t*ic Offer, he was directed to yield them all pofTible AfTiftance, and to lee them in Safety to Spain, for that, in all likelihood, not only Cadiz, but Sevil, and St. Lncar, had declared for the King, and that a powerful Strength , both by Sea and Laud , was going from England to countenance his Affairs. To this he defired an Anfwer with all convenient Speed, and particularly to be informed " whether he might be permitted to enter the Port, having with his Letter tranfmittcd to the Governor feveral of the King's Deciaratioas. and fome printed Papers of News. ihe Cover- The.Govemor aniwer'd him thus. That as to thc News, it was ,wrreceivda entirely contradidicd by a vS^^«//Z? Advrcc-Boat , which arrived ia Mcounf"'^ forty Days from Cadiz, and brought him not only Orders from his Mafter, King "Philip, but an Account rhat he was rcturn'd to his Court Chap. XX. from the Tear i^^8, to ij 12. 703 Court at Aladrid, had regain'd all thofe Towns which were in Pol- idfion of hisEuemie?, and totally routed them, fo that himlcif, and the General of the Galleons, would fhcd the lall Drop of their Blood in his Service. The 15-th oi January it was determined at a Council of War ro i"^- proceed with all the Ships, except the Nortbnmberland, of the Third Rate, dii'ablcd by the Sicknefs of her Men, to the Bay of Carthagena, that fo the Admiral might know the final Refolution of the Governor of that Place, and the aforcfaid General of the Galleons. There he arrived the 24th of the fame Month, but both 5/r John jen- the one and the other adhering to their former Refolutions, he de- "'"^,^ y'-^" parted thence, and coming into i?/(?uy/f>■'( be, whence iailing the 25th oi Ftbriiary^ he got through the Gulph '^^"'"^ '" ^^' oi Florida, and with a profperous Wind arrived at ^5/'///;^^ the 2 id and of A^ril. "> England. Co mmadore/^f rr being left zx. Jamaica, he gain'd Intelligence by Letters taken in a Prize, tha"- a ftrong Squadron was expedted in thofe Parts horr\ France , under Command of Monfieurs Cotbngon and "Du Caffe, to convoy home the Galleons, but that as yet they were in no Readincls to accompany them ; and a Supply of Provi- fions coming to Jamaica from hence, the Commadore fail'd the lat- ter end oi November \o\ England; who being iucceeded in the commariore fFeJt-Indies by Mr. Wager, I fliall in the next Place give an Ac- ^^^'''^ [itcceed- count of his Proceedings there from the time he iiiilcd from hence, ^^^'in'the *" and then return to Sir George Byng, who (as hath been faid before) Wcil-Indies. was left with a Squadron on the Coaft of 'Portugal, and after that treat of Tranladlions at home, that fo the ieveral Services may ap- pear as entire together as it is poffible. Commadore IVager failed with the Squadron under his Command, vUr. Wager which confided of one Third Rate, four Fourths, two Fifths, and a /"'""'^^ '"- Firelhip, and came to the Aladeras the 26th oi yJpril, where taking niaica ' in Wine for the Men, he departed from thence the fth oijmie, and 1707- arrived at Antcgoa the 9th, whence iailing next Morning, he wa- ter'd the Ships at Monferat the nth, and came the Day following to Nevis. Departing from that Ifland, he proceeded to Jamaica, where he found Commadore /T^rr , whole Orders he was to obferve during their Stay there together, which was not to be more than two or three Days after the 14th oi Jlugujl ; and at this time there was not rhe priva- any Intelligence of the Enemy's Squadrons in thofe Parts, but their '"" ""*' Privateers had done fo much damage to our Trade, that the Lois ,„ulh Lml^t was cftecm'd to be Ten thoufand Pounds. our Trade. " The 28th oi Augu(i Mr. JVager called a Council of War, and it a comcW of was agreed that for the Security of the Ifland oi Jamaica., one Ship ''•'''"■ >''^'^- fhould be left iu Port Royal Harbour, and another cruife on the Eafl pan of it ; that two Frigates Ihould be employed fix Weeks, or two Months, or longer, if he thought fit, upon the Coafl oiCar- thageva and Porto Bella, againft the Enemy's Privateers there ; and that the reft of the Ships,' (for Mr. Kerr was then fail'd for Eug- laudj Mr. Wager has an Ac- count of Mon- fieur Du Cade. 704 NavalTranfaBionsofthcEngViih, BookV. laud) viz. the Expedition, IVind/dry Kingjioit^ 'Port/aud, y^JJift- ance , and 'Dunkirk's 'Prize., lliould proceed to Windward, and cruile fix Weeks, or two Months upon the CozR of Hi/pan io/a, and in the Windward PafTage, but thjtii he received Advice of a French Squadron in thofe Parts, or of the iiiling of the Galleons from Car- thageua, it Ihould be confidercd at a Council of War what farther Meafiires to take. He was much hinder'd by the Rains in getting the Ships ready to proceed according to this Refolurion, hut on the i8th of No- vember he iailcd, and fcnt the Severn and 'Dunkirk's 'Prize a- head of him, to difcover the Pofture of the Galleons, and to gain Intel- ligence. Thofe Ships joining him the 5-th of December ., gave him an Account that the Galleons were not in a Readinefs to fail ; but by Letters found in a Sloop, taken in her Paflage from 'Porto Bello to Carthagena, he underftood that Monfieur Du Cajfe was come with a Squadron to Martinica., with a Defign of convoy- ing the Flota and Galleons from the Havana., which Si.padron was much llrongcr than that under his Command. Being the loth of December o^ of Cart hagena, he received a Letter by a Sloop from Brigadier Handafyde., Governor of Jamaica., with one enclofcd to him from Colonel Parkes, who prefiued at the Leeward-IJlands, dated the i8th of November, informing him that on the nth of that Month Monfieur Du Caff'e arrived at Mar- tinica^ with ten Ships of War, eight of them from 70 to 86 Guns, and feveral large Privateers, and that they expected eighteen more. This Colonel Parkes bcliev'd too great a Strength, they having LandForces on board, to be defign'd againft the Lectvard-IJlands, and therefore difpatched notice of it to Barbadoes, and Jamaica^ that they might be timely upon their Guard. That very Night he left the Spanijh Coaft, and flood over for Jamaica, where arriving the ^^d, he examin'd three Perfons that had made their Efcape from PetitGuavas, who afTured him it was generally reported that Monfieur Du Cajfe was at Port Louis with twenty Ships, fo that apprehending they would attempt Jamaica, it was determined to place our Squadron at the Entrance of Port Royal Harbour, in i'uch a manner as that, with the AfTiftance of the Fort, they might be able to give them a warm Reception ; but other Pri- foners, who came from Sr. Domingo, informed him that they had heard nothing of this French Squadron, although they had had the Liberty of walking the Streets, and convcrfing with the People of that Place. By a Sloop fent to the Coaft of Hifpaniola, which took another off of Port Louis ^ he had an Account the i6th of January from the Prifoners, that Monfieur Du Cajfe ftay'd but eight Days there, and then fail'd to ihc Havana (which was on the 19th or xoth of December) with nine Ships of War, the biggefl: mounted with 66, and the lead with 50 Guns, together with a Firefhip, in order to convoy the Flora and Galleons from thence, and that to haften them he had lent a Ship of jo Guns before him Itrthtr Ac- count of Mon- fieur Du Cafle. Advice of Monfieur Du Caffe hii be- being at Ha- vana. The 4 Chap.XX. from the Tear 16^8, to 1712. 705 The jMcrchaiits at Jamaica (who were prcrry weJl acquainted '^« A^f- wirh the Affairs of the Spaniards) were of Opinion that the Gal- '^""popwi- Icous could not be at the Havana before May^ but that if thofe&ww'.' ' they call the Spanijb Men of War (which were four) fliould be ha- (len'd away with the King's Mony, and leave the Galleons behind, they mii^ht be there a Month iboncr at lead : Nor did they believe the Flota from La Vera Cruz could arrive before Jpril or May^ though there was a Probability the French Squadron might quicken both one and the other. Receiving Advice, Ibme time after this, that x.\iQ S^anijh Galleons were gone to 'Porto Belloy he failed the i6th oi February, and coming to the Iflc oi'Pifies, remain'd there until the 24th oi March, during which time he received two Letters from Captain 'Pudner of the Severn, who was with our trading Sloops near Porto Bello, giving him an Account that the Galleons would not lail before ^^y; and confidering that his Provifions would be very Ihort by that time, it was relblved at a Council of War to return to Jamaica, where he arriv'd the 5'th oi April, and another Council being call'd the 13th of that Month, it was judged not pradticable to attempt the Ships in the Harbour of Porto Bella, by reafon ours were inferior in Strength, fo that it was refolved to proceed over to the Spanijh RefoUed ta Coafl, and watch their Motion ; but as our Ships could not lay there t^"'"^ '"■ undilcover'd, it was thought mod proper to endeavour to prevent 'cajuon:' ' their coming out of the Port ; and at this time the Commadore ex- peded to be join'd by the JlJJifiance, Scarborough, and 'Dunkirk's Prize from Hifpaniola. The 23d oi AJay he received a Letter from Captain Pudner, then captain Pud- at the Baftamentos, that the Galleons, and other VefTels, in all thir- '^" f'"'^' "» 1 1 ,• 1 n T 1 I r^ I /-r ,- 1 r.1 . -Account of teen, were the 19th ot that Month under Sail ott of that Place, m the Galleons, their way to Carthagena, which appearing not in three Days, though the Winds had hung Wefterly, Mr. IVager fufpedted they had notice he was on the Coaft, and were gone for the Haiiana : But the i8rh at Noon there were difcover'd from his Top-raaft Head A^r. Wager ieventeen Ships, the lame he look'd for, and they confidering his difc<)'ueri the Imall Strength, (for then he had with him no more than the Exfe- cha(e"them. ditioH, Kingfion, Portland, and Vulture Firelhip) were refolved to puih their way. To theie Ships, which bore South , and S. by W. from him , he gave Chafe, with fair Weather, and very little Wind at S. S. E. and the lame Evening difcover'd them to be really the Galleons from Porto Bello, which did not endeavour to get from him, but find- ing they could not Weather the Barn, a fmall Ifland, fo as to fland ia for Carthagena, they flrctchcd to the Northward with an eafy Sail, and drew into an irregular Line of Battel, the Admiral , who wore a white Pendant at the Main-top mart Head, in the Centre, the Vice- Admiral, with the fame Pendant at the Forc-top-maft Head, in the Rear, and the Rear- Admiral, who bore the Pendant at the Mizen top mart Head, in the Van, about half a Mile from each o- ther, there being other Ships between them. Of the fevcnteen, two were Sloops, and one a Brigantine, which flood in for the Land; X X X X two 7o6 NavdTrvmf^ictmis of theEngWih, BookV. two others ot them were French Ships, which running away, had no Share in the Adion, the reft Spaniards. The Comraadorc haviny; been inform'dthat the three Admirals (as they were call'd) had all the Money on board, it is not to be won- Mr vvjger der'd at that he made his urmoft Efforts againft thein, and coming atiicVi the jjg^j.^ j^£ order'd the Kingft&n to engage the Vice- Admiral, he him- ■Jhtiruyby felf making Sail up to the Admiral, while a Boat was lent to the for htm. Captain of the 'Portland to attempt the Rear- Admiral, and fince there was no prelcnt occafion for the Fircfliip, Ihe was placed to Windward. The Sun was juft fetting when Mr. IVager came up w ith the Ad- miral, and then beginning to engage, in about an Hour and half's The Admiral time (it being dark) Ihe blew up, not without great Danger to the tf '^''^"^ Expedition., from the Splinters and Plank which fell on board her on fire, and the great Heat of the Blaft. Hereuponthe Commadore put abroad his Signal by Lights for keeping Company, and cndcavour'd to con- tinue Sight of iome of the Enemy's Ships ; but finding after this Accident they began to feparare, and difcovering but one, w^hich TheKtarAd- was the Rear- Admiral, he made Sail alter her, and coming up about GauLnscha '^^^ ^ Clock, whcn he could not judge which way her Head lay, ftd, and ta- it being very dark, he happcn'd to fire his Broadfide, or many Guns <""• at lead, into her Stern, which did lb much Damage, that it feem'd to difable her from making Sail, and being then to Leeward, he tacking on the Spaniard, got to Windward of him, and the King- Jion and Portland (which had by reafon of the Darknefs of the Night, or the blowing up of the Admiral, which made it very thick thereabouts, loft Sight of the other Ships) following his Lights, loou after came up with him, and affifted in taking the Rear- Admiral, who called for Quarter about Two in the Morning. On board of this Ship he fent his Boats to bring to him the chief Officers, and before the rifing of the Sun he law one large Ship on his Weather Bow, with three Sail upon the Weather Quarter, three or four Leagues off^ ours lying then with their Heads to the North, TiiKingRon the Wind being at N. E. an ealy Gale. Then he put out the Sig- and Portland ^q\ fo^ ji^^ Kingjiou and ^Portland to chafe to Windward, not be- "hafl other 'Dg able himlclf to make Sail, being much dilablcd ; and as he had Mfs. a great part of his Men in the Prize, fo were there no lefs than three hundred Prifoncrs on board his own Ship. On Sunday the 30th, the Wind being from the N. E. to the N N. W. and but little of it, the Kingjion and Tort land had left ofl^Chafe, but he made the Signal for their continuing it, which they did, and ran him out of Sight, the Firelhip ftill continuing with him ; and he having lain by ibme time not only to put the Prize in a Condi- tion for Sailing, but to refit his own Rigging, made Sail Eaftward the 31ft, when the King/ion and Tort iand ]o'wtd him, and gave him an Account that the Ship they chalcd w-as the Vicc-Admiral, to which, as they faid, they came lb near as to fire their Broadfides at her, but were fo far advanced towards the Salr^adinax, a Shoal off of Carthagena, that they were forced to tack and leave her. Thus efcaped that very rich Carrack : and though it is rcalbnable ' to Chap. XX. from the Tear 16^8, to 1^12. 707 to imagine, rhat when Co fair a Profpccft offered to thofe who wore in Purluic of her of making their Fortunes, nay Inch an one as could not have been hoped for again in an Age, the urnioft would have been done to prevent her flipping thus through their Fingers ; yet the Coramadore not being fatisfied with their Conduct, and the Offi- cers and Men making great Complaint?, he cauled the fame to be ftridtly enquired into at a Court-Martial , v>hcn he returned to Ja- maicuj and thereupon they were difmifTed from their Commands. By a fmall Sivedijh Ship which had been trading at the Barii^ An Account Mr. IVager had an Account tiiat one of the large Galleons ran in °^ ^^''n"" there, whereupon he gave Orders to the Captain of the Kiugjlon .,„^fie King- to take with him thz Tort laud ind Firefnip, and endeavour to bring I'" ""'^ her our, or if that could not be done, to burn her, ifpofiible, there ^',°''2l^^ hi"! being no confiderable Fortifications at that Place. Tuefday the firfl: oi June it was for the mod parr calm, and he endeavouring onWcdncfday to get to the Eafl:ward, found the Ship drove away to the S.W. when enquiring of the Prilbners the Strength and Riches of the Galleons, they gave him the following Account, viz. that the Admiral was a Ship of 64 Guns, with fix hundred An Account Men, calicd the Jofeph, and had on board, as fomc faid, five Mil- on'board'thl lions of Pieces of Eight, others fcvcn, in Gold and Silver. That Galleons. the Vice- Admiral mounted 64BrafsGuns, and had between four and five hundred Men, with four, or, as Ibme faid, fix Millions ; and that the Rear-Admiral was mounted with 44 Guns, having eleven more in her Hold, with about three hundred Men, but that upon Ibme Difference between the Admiral and him at 'Porto Bcllo, Or- ders were given that no more Money Ihould be Ihipped on board her, lb that thirteen Cherts of Pieces of Eight, and fourteen Piggs, or Sows of Silver, w as all that could be found, which were private- ly brought on board her in the Night, and belonged to feme of the Paffengers, except what others might have about them, or were in Trunks, of which they could give no Account. They alfo inform- ed him that the other Ships had little or no Money on board, but were chiefly loaden with Coco, as the Rear-Admiral was. Provifions and Water growing ihorr, and the Commadore, by rca- Ibu of contrary Winds, not being able to get Eaftward, he bore up, and put the Prilbners on Ihore at the great Barn, with a Flag of Truce, and the Rear-Admiral alfb with the rcfl: at his earned En- treaty, where he underftood from the Spanicjrds, (who were very civil) that one of the Galleons of 40 Guns was going out from thence towards Carthageiia when the Klngfton and 'Portland ap- peared, but that upon fight of them they went in again, and ran AdvUethut her on Ihore, when fctting her on fire flie foon blew up. "cailLm^an Mr. Wager having Intelligence at 'Jamaica that nine Ships were on ^lore and fecn at an Anchor in the Bay of Z.^; Giiarda^ on the Weft fide of '^'"'> ^''^" "f- 'Porto Rico., as alfo that others were ready to fail from Cadiz to La Vera Cruz in ylj>ril laft, he fent out the IVindfor and Scar- brougb, which were all the Ships he had ready to go to Sea, di- redting their Commanders to join the yJJfiJtance, and endeavour to •'^"'"^ ^f^ips intercept them off of Cape Sz, Nicholasy on PJi/pauiola, the Courfe {^J^' '2^^"^' X X X X Z which /^f Enemy. 7o8 NavalTranfaElmisofthc'Englirh, BookV. which the Sj^aniards conftantly fleer ; and having received Advice of the French Squadrons in thofe Parts, and ot the Galleons, he traulmitrcd the lame to Englaud^ that, if poilible, Ship, might be particularly appointed to look out for them in their Pafliigc home. Captain \{vi\- Captain Hntch'ins of the Tortland being, as hath been already chins has an faid, at the Bajlimentos, with the trading Sloop*^, he had Advice, jiccount of • ^ ^jj i^jg Arrival on the Coafl, that four of the Encinv's Shios *Ae Baftimer.- were at Anchor tiicrc, two or tliem with 'Dr.tcb Loiourf, ot about t°s. 5-0 Guns each, one of the other with the Colours of 'Denmark, and the fourth ihcwing none at all. The next Morning he liood ia for the Bafiimentos, and when he was about two Miles from the aforefaid Ships, they all hoidcd Ficncb Colours, and drew np in a Line at the Entrance of the Harbour, whereupon he laid his Head off to Sea, and viewing them lomc time, judged them to be two of 5-0 Guns, and the other two of about 30 each. By a Cannoa which he dilpa'chcd from the Samblas, he was informed that the two largeft were the Coventry, (a Fourth Rate the French jiad fome time before taken from us) and the Minion, both from Guinea, one of the other a French Trader of 36 Guns, and the Fourth a Dutch Ship they had taken at the Bajiimentos, and that the two lafl: went down to Torto Bella the Day after he appeared off of that Place, the other two, namely the Ships from Guinea, being ready to proceed. 1708. The 23th oi March he failed from the Samblas , and the 27th arriving at the Bajlimentos, the Spaniards who came off affured him that the two Guinea Ships would fail in a Day or two ; and his Boat, which he kept in the Night off of the Harbour oiTorto Bello, coming off the ifl o{ April, gave him an Account that they were failed the Evening before, whereupon he immediately flood to the Northward till the 3d, and then law them about Eight in the Captain Hut- Moming. At Noon he difcover'd their Hulls very plain, and they chins di(co- being to Windward, bore down to him, firing Ibme Guns as they ■vtntxvoships. p^ij-gj jjy^ j'qq,^ af-[-cr which they wore as if they defign'd to engage in the Evening, but did not. It was little Wind, and about fix a Clock he tack'd upon them, and keeping fight all Nighr, near Eight in the Morning came up within Piftol fhot of the Minion, but was obliged to fight her to Leeward, becaule he could not podibly car- ry out his Lee-Guns, though the Ships of the Enemy did. The Co- ventry, after he had been warmly engaged, got on his Lee-Bow, and firing very fmartly at his Malb, did them no little Damage; but he being not willing to be diverted from the Minion, ply'd her very fmartly, nor could flie get from him until rhcy had fhot hisMain-top-iail Yard in two, when both of them fhot a-head, he creeping after them as fafl as polIlble in that crippled Condition, in the mean while fplicing his Rigging, bending new Sails, and repair- ing other Damages in the beft manner he could. About Four in the Morning a Boat was perceived going from the Minion to the Coventry, fo that he believed he had much difabled the former, and that by the frequent parting of the Boat between them, fhe was lending the bcft of her Loading on board the other. By 4 Chap. XX. from the Tear i ^^8, to iq 12. 70Q By Ten at Night he had compleated all his Work, and the next Morning was ready for a fecond Encounter, but it proving little Wind, he could nor come up with them until the 6th, when, 'oe- foie Seven in the Morning, he was clofe in with the Coventry, . which Ship hauled up her Main fail, and lay by for hira. Coming c^^/a/;; Hm- ncarer to her, it was oblerved flie had many iinall Shot Men, ib that fll^X'"}"^", he durfi: not clap her on board, as he had defigncd, but plied her "'" with his Guns, mean while he received but little Damage from the Minion. Between Eleven and Twelve he brought the Coventry''^ Main-mad by the Board, and then her Fire was much leiTencd ; however, conrinuing to do what they could, at half an Hour pad Twelve Ihc ftruck, the fird Captaiu being killed, the fecond wound- ^-^eCoventiy ed, and a great Slaughter made among the Men, many of them be- '''*'^"" ing thole who belonged to the Minion., whereas of ours there were but nine killed, and twelve wounded, mod of whom recovcr'd, and iu the Prize there were about twenty thoufand Pieces of Eight, great part whereof w-erc found among the French Seamen. Towards the latter end o^ July Mr. JVagcr received a Commif^ 1708. fton from his Royal Highnefs, appointing him Rear-Admiral of the A^r. Wager Blue Squudron, with an Order for lending home fix of the Ships Zlmm'iipomt under his Command , Captain jobn Ed'^vards being arrived at Ja- be Rear-Ad- maica wirh the Monmouth of the Third Rate, the Jerfey of the "'^"■''' '^ '''^ Fourth, and the Roebuck of the Fifth, with Orders to bring home wirh him the Expedition., IFind/or, AJJijiancc, 'Dolphin, 'Dunkirk's 'Prize, and yultur eTiielhip; and by the lad Intelligence the Rear- Admiral receiv'd of the Spanifly Fiota, they lailed from the Havana, Advice of th& with a French Squadron, commanded by Monfieur 'Du Caffe, the ^'^"'^Z'"': latter end of June 170^, the Flotilla, which lately arrived from Ca- diz, being gone to La Vera Cruz. The Vice-Admiral of the Galleons, with the others that got in- to Carthagena, were in that Port in the Month ol Angujl unrigg'd, and by all Accounts from the South-Sea, the French were very ^^< French numerous in thole Part*;, many of them having begun to Icttlc a- ^"^^ "tTlu mong the Spaniards ar Lima, (the Capital o'iTeru) which not on- South-Seas. ly made them very uneaiy, but fpoil'd our Trade on this fide for Plate, except for what might come from Mexico to La Vera Cruz. The latter end o'i September the Ships beforc-raention'd lailed to- wards England., except the Dunkirk's Trize, which Frigate not being in a Condition to be traded home in the Winter, the Reax- Admiral lent her out on a Hiort Cruife with the Monmouth, (the Ship u hereon he was to hoid his Flag) under the Command of his fird Lieutenant when in the Expedition, Captain Purvis, and they brought in two French Merchant Ships, one of 100, the other of rifo French i^oTun*, loaden wirh Wine, Brand)^ and other Goods from Ro- Merchant c he lie, bound to Petit-Guavas \ but cruifing foon after on the 'P' '•* "'• North fide of Hijpaniola , the 'Dunkirk's Prii.e chafed a French Ship until fiie ran on ihore near Port Francois, and following her too near, the Pilot not being well acquainted, ihc druck upon a 'f'/^eDunkirk s Ledge of Rocks, where, being a very weak Ship, flic loon bulged. "^^ '' ' Captain 7 1 o NavalTraiif anions of the Englifh, BookV. capta\n?vir- Captain Ttirvis with Ibme of his Men get upon a fmall Key, or \\i takes the j{]^nd, within Shot of the French Ship, and though ilie had 14 j-J^"^ "' Guns, and fixty Men, and fired fmartly upon them, yet he having gotten his Boats, with a Cannoc he had taken, and made a Stage, from whence he was ready to attack them, the French asked for Qiiartcr, and furrendcr'd the Ship, upon Agreement that her Com- mander and Men ihould be put on ihorc, and with this Ship Cap- tain Turvis arrived zt Jamaica with all his Company, except twen- ty one who rcfufed to aflifl: in the Attempt, believing it to be alto- gether impoflible to fucceed therein. 'ji Council of The ifl: oi'December 1708, a Council of War was called, where War held, up- were prcfcnt, befides Rear- Admiral JVager^ Captain Trevor of the "" '^Tendef Khig/toji, Captain Tudner of the Severn, Captain Hut chins of the Attack «» Ja- Portland., Captain Vernon of th^Jerfey, and Captain Charles Hardy maica. of the Roebuck. It was occafioned upon Intelligence lent the Rear- Admiral from the Admiralty-Office, with an Extradl of a Letter from Tar is, that Monfieur 'Du Gue Trovin was defigned on an Expedition againfl Jamaica ; and it being judged that if they made luch an Attempt it would be to gain the Harbour of Tort Royal, 'twas determined that all HerMajcfty's Ships there, except fuch as it might be neceflary to fend to Windward for Intelligence, or on any other extraordinary Occafion, lliould be drawn up in a Line at the Entrance of the faid Harbour, fo as that, with the Afli (lance of the Fort, they might in the beft rnanner defend if, and mod annoy the Enemy. t-joi. The 1 8th o^ January another Council of War was called, and 'Ar.other fmcc thc Letter of Advice before mentioned was dared almoO: fix wlu'Lne of Months bcforc, it was confider'd whether the Squadron Ihould be theknetny's kcpt auy lougcr together, fince the Enemy's Ships had not appear'd. Ships appear- gjjj determined that they ought to be employ 'd on neceflary Ser- "'^' / vices. Accordingly thc Rear- Admiral appointing the Tortland to fee fome Merchant Ships through the Windward Pafiage, llie returned Tie Portland With a Frcuch Prize, taken near Cape St. Nicholas, worth about takes aVittnch f,x thoufaud Pouuds. Captain Vernon alio, oi^ ihcjerfey, took in '^' and January a Spanijh Sloop loadcn with Tobacco, and retook from ethers taken two French Sloops a Guinea Ship with four hundred Negroes. Cap- iy Captain ^^jj^ Hardy of the Roebuck broueht in a Brigantine, partly loaden Vernon and . , ^ ..-^ , . m • ^^ t ■ P , * .-' » , t Captain Har- With Indigo, taken m at Tet/t-Guavas, which he met on the North dy- fide of Hi/pan iola, as flie was going from thence to Tort de Taix, cr Tort Franfois, her Mafter pretending he bclong'd to Curacoa, and produced a Paper from thc 'Dutch Governor there, empower- ing him to trade any where in the JVeJl-Indies : Nor was it long before this, when a Ship of War of ours called the Adventure, of An Englifti 4^ Guns, commanded by Captain Robert Clarke, was taken by the ship called the Eucmy, about fourtccu Leagues from Monftrat, after her Comman- Adventute j^j. ^^^j Lieutenant were killed, and near a hundred of her Men flain taken. i i i and wounded. 1709. About thc latter end oi May, Mr. JVagcr, upon the carncfl: Ap- plication of thc Merchants, lent thc Severn and Scarbrongh to England Chap. XX. from the Tear 169S, to ijio, 71 England wich the Trade, for as they were but very weakly maiui'd, ^ convoy lb had he Orders from the Lord High- Admiral, that when any of {"'^^ .^"^ '*^ the Ships under his Command were lb lar reduced by Sickncfs, as laruj"" "^' that they lliould have no more Men than what might be rufficicnt rhi Rear-Ad- to fail them, to fend them home; for an A(5t of Parliament was '""■"' ordered pafTcd, forbidding the Captains of our Ships of War employ'd in the ZST.'^^tn fFeJi-IndieSi to imprels any Men from Privateers, or Merchant Ships, but weakly as they had formerly done, when in want, to render them in a bet- """'"^'^• ter Condition for Service. During Rear- Admiral Wagers Stay at Jamaica little or nothing elfe of Moment happen'd ; and he receiving Orders from the Lord High Admiral to return to England, arrived at Sx.. Helen's the 20th Rear-AdmU oi November, leaving the Command of the Ships which remained '^"'^ager at the Ifland with Captain Tudor Trevor. inghnT, and When Orders were fent for Mr. Wager to return to Great Bri- ca^t. Trevor tain. Captain Jonathan Span was appointed to command a fmall capuimt Squadron in the Wejl- Indies, who lailed with the Rupert, and two feat with Ships of the Fourth Rate, the 30th of January, and when he had I""" •^^'^^ '* fecn the Trade to Barbadoes and the Leeiz'ard IJlands, proceeded 17.2-^, from thence to Jamaica-, but during his commanding in Chief ia thole Parts, not any thing more remarkable happen'd than the tak- ing a French Ship and a Sloop off of Cape Mayz, on the Ifland of Cuba, and forcing on fliore between two Rocks on the South fide of 7a^frtf« Bay, at the Weft End oi Hijpaniola, another Ship of 30 Guns, and one of 14, to the biggeft of which he fent his Lieu- tenants with the Boats armed, after he had by his Fire forced the some Prizts Officers and Men to quit her and go on Ihore, but flie blew up be- "**"• fore they got on board, yet were her Guns, with part of the Fur- niture, brought away, but the hnallcr Ship being limk, not any thing could be favcd which belonged to her. Captain Span was fuccecded in the Command of Her Majefty's captain Lit- Ships in the Weji- Indies by James Littleton, Efq; *, who with t'eton/(»r <» the Jerfcy, Weymouth, and Medway Trize, failed from St. Helen's rI7weft-ln" the 24rh oi Auguft, and in his way to "Pltmouth the Medway Trize dies. took a Imall Privateer of 4 Guns and thirty three Men. Calling at ''^'°" Tlimouth for the Trade, he proceeded on his Voyage, and came to Maderas the nth oi September , where having taken in Wine for the Ufc of the Ships Companies, he arrived at Barbadoes the i8th of OBobcr, and at Jamaica the xd of the next Month, leaving the He arrives at Jerfey and Medway Trize to cruilc off of Hifpaniola. Jamaica. Thole two Ships joined him at Tort Royal, after they had forced ^ French one of St. Malo on ihore a little to the Eaftward of Tort Louis, ship fonei which they let fire to when they had taken out of her what they ""^ A""'- could, ihc being loaden chiefly with Bale- Goods. Mr. Littleton being informed that there were fix Ships of War at Carthagena, he fent the Nonftich and Roebuck over to that Coall, that lb he might The Nonfuch know the Certainty of it, and if Captain Hardy, who commanded ""'^ Roebuck the laid Ship Nonfuch found it was lb, he was forthwith to fend the (hagena *^ * s'liici a, flag-officer , and Commijfiontr of the Navy, Roebuck 712 NavalTranf^c}'w7isofthe'Eng\iih, BookV. Roebuck with Notice of it to Jamaica, and himltlf to join^the Windfor, then on the atbrelaid Coaft with lomc trading Ship?, and both of them to return to the Commadorc as loon as it was pofli- blc, who intended, when he ihould be lb joined, to lail with the Ru- pert, Windfor, Nonfuch, Jerfey, JFeymoiitb, Roebuck, and Med- way 'Prize, and to ufc his belt Endeavours to intercept the Enemy; but if the Report happened not to be true, the Captain of the Non- fuch was to leave the IV'indfir with the Merchant- Ships on the Coaft, and return to Jamaica. The 8th oi 'December \\^ lent home the Falkland with the Trade, and Captain Hardy having been on the Spanijlo Coaft, lent an Ac- count by the Roebuck that he had made the Land, and came to an Anchor at the Great Baru, where he found zJamaicaTrdidex, who had failed from that Ifland five or fix Days before him, the Mailer Captain Har- of which Veflel alTurcd him, that, befidcs the Galleons, there was dy fends an only ouc Guifica Ship, and a Packet-Boat o^ Carthagena, which In- '^T"'he fad telligcncc he had from the Spaniards, and from the Commander of difcovered. a Taraguoy Privateer from Jamaica, who had been feveral Months in thofe Parts. T/E-eFairaouth The Falmouth arrived at Jamaica in January from England, with arrivti from thc Tcndet to the Star Bomb, but the Bomb-Velfel her lelf was mit England. ^^^g^ having been Teen by a Trader 'itotw Mew England without her Malls, and fince the Merchant Ships bound home would be ready to fail by the 4th oi April, Mx. Littleton intended to fend the Rupert y 'Dragon, Falmouth, and Roebuck as their Convoy, purluant to the Inllrudions he had received from the Lords of the Admiralty, which Ships had for fomc time before been at Jamaica under the Command of Captain Span, as I have already acquainted you, and the Star Bomb-Vefiel being arrived, he defigned to fend her home alio with the firll Convoy. In the Month of May he was informed by the Mailers of fome Veflels from the Maderas, that Monfieur Du Cajfe had been feen from that Ifland, and that he came very near to them as they were at an Anchor in the Road. A Sloop of Jamaica taking alio ano- ther from Carthagena, there was found in her a Letter from the Governor of that Place to the Vice-Roy oi Mexico, by which he Advice of gave him an Account that Monfieur Dii Caffe was daily expeded Monfieur Du there with a Squadron of feven Ships, whereupon Mr. Littleton lent fflwarT ^ Sloop to the Coalt oi New Spain to call in the Non/iich, exped- Carthagena. ing the JVindfor and Weymouth every Moment from the Havanay and the Jerfey was cruifing to the Windward of Jamaica. The Jerfey The laid S\\\^ Jcrfey arriving the 23d o^ May, brought in with 'tr^w"'^'' ^^''' ^ French Merchant Ship which lailed from Tort Louis three brtngs an Ac- Days bcforc, in Company of Monfieur Du Cajfe, who (as the Ma- count ofDti ftcr of the French Vcffcl faid) was gone for Carthagena, with only ^^j a Ship of 74 Guns, another of 60, one of 50, one of 14, and one Captain Har- of 20 ; but the Commadore was affured by Captain Hardy, who dy itd. came in from the Coaft oi New Spain on the 17th of May, that two of his Ships arrived at Carthagena ten Days before, and that they waited there for him , one of which was the Glocejier of 5-0 ^ Guns, Chap. XX. from the Tear i<^^8, to i-] 12, 713 Guns, formerly taken from us, and the other of 44, and that as foon as the Galleons could be got ready, he defigned for the Havana^ and from thence to Cadiz. The aforelaid Ship which Captain Vernon of xh^Jerfey took be* longed to Brejt^ and had 30 Guns, and a hundred and twenty Men. She came from trading on the Coaft of New Spain., but had put all her Money on Ihore at 'Port Louis., io that there was found in her only a little Cocoa, and lomc tew odd things, Ihe being bound to fetit'Guavas to take in her Loading for France. The Jerfey was fent over again to the Coaft of New Spain, to rhe jerfey obferve the Strength of the Enemy at Carthagena, and returned the ^'"' ""'' ""^ 4th oi July., her Commander having looked into that Port the i8th imeUigtZi. of June, where he law twelve Ships and five Sloops, fix of them rigged, and fix not. Of the Ships which were rigged he judged, according to the Intelligence before received, that one was Monficur T)u Cajfe his own, named the St. Michael., of 74 Guns, another the Hercules., of 60, together with the Griffin of 50, and two Frigates, of about 20 Guns each, with the Vice Admiral of the Galleons of 60 ; and of the Ships which were unrigg'd, there were two at the upper End of rhe Harbour preparing for the Sea, one of which he thought might be the Minion of fo Guns, another of about 40, the reft leeming to be Merchant Ships. The nth of July the Trade from Great Britain arrived at Ja- maica with their Convoy, and four Days afterwards Mr. Littleton jwr. Littleton was under Sail with one Third Rate, four Fourths, and a Sloop, to- P"'"' ^^"^ wards Carthagena, with a Deftgn to intercept Monficur 'Du Caffe, To'tnurdft''* he having received Advice that the Windfor and IVeymouth., which Monsieur Du had been a confidcrable time abfent beyond what he had limited for ^*'^^' their Cruifc, were at New England with three Prizes. On the i6ch of July he arrived on the Coaft of New Spain, and difcover'd five Ships to Leeward, between him and the Shore, which he gave chafe to, being then not far from Bocca Chica. They made the beft of their way from him, and got into that Place, which is at the Entrance of Carthagena H^thour, whereupon he ftood off to Sea the greateft part of the Night , but ftretching in to the Shore next Morning, chafed four Ships, and about Six at Night came up with the Vice- Admiral of the Galleons, and a Spanijh Merchant Ht corner up Ship; and as Monficur T>u Cajfe had taken moft of the Money out ''''^fj^/J'l'' of the Galleon, having fome Sufpicion of the commanding Officer tfJoaluons, on board her, lb was this very Carrack the fame which had elcaped and takes htr. from Mr. If^ager, as hath been before related; and coming from Car- thagena in Company of Ibme French Ships of War, it happened ihe was Icparatcd from them, and believing our Ships to be thoie with Monficur 'Du Cajf'e, (as her Commander faid) lay by the greateft part of the Day ; and when Mr. Littleton came near, hoificd Spa- nijh Colours, and a Flag at the Foretop-maft Head, io that between Five and Six at Nighr, the Salisbury Trize, commanded by Cap- captainUzt- tain Robert Harland., engaged her, loon after which the Salisbury, ,^"^ Holier commanded by Captain Francis Hojier, did the iame. The Com- lake another madorc being within Piftol ihot, was juft going to fire into her, when ^"'" ^'"^^ Y y y y they and 7 1 4 NavalTraiifacHons of the Engliili, Book V. the Jerfty a Merchant Ship. Mr. Littleton cruifes for Monfieur Du CafTe. The Nonfuch brings the Trade and they flruck their Colours, and the Jcrfey going after one of the Merchant Ships, took her, but the No-.ijncb chafing the other, ilie clcaped in the Night. The Vice- Admiral of the Gallcous being wounded by a iraall Shot, died ibon after. The Priloners, by the Dcicription given to them of the Ships which were ieen by the Coramadorc the Day he came oif of G?r- thagena^ affured him they were thole with Monfieur 2)// Cajfe, and that he had been out of Carthngeua but two Days, being ieparated from the tS)>,2////^ Vice- Admiral, and nine Merchant Ships the Day after he came out ; and fince ^\x. Littleton was well allured that he intended to touch at the Havana^ it was determined to cruile a lit- tle to Leeward of TointTedro Shoals, as the mod proper Place for intercepting him, until liich time as farther li.telligcucc could be gained from Captain //i?0/^ of the Jamaica Sloop, who was fent o- ver to the Coart with lome Sfanijh Priloners. Monfieur T>u Caffe (as the Commadorc informed me by his Let- ter, and as I have mentioned before) had taken raoft of the Money out of the Galleon, except what, was fiDuud in Ibmc Boxes, which belonged to private Perfons She had 6o Brals Guns mounted, and three "hundred and twenty five Men, and the Ship which the Jer- fey took was a Spaniard, belonging to the Merchants, of about 400 Tuns, and 16 Guns, loaden for the moft part with Cocoa and Wool. In the Month tiiAiiguft there being Ibme Trade ready to proceed to Great Britain^ "^Ir. Littleton lent the Noujidch as their Convoy, Lieutenant- '" which Ship Lieutenant-Gcneral Handajyde^ late Governor oija- GeneraiVLzn- matca, took his Paflage, and on the 13'^ of the laid Month, being daryde home, jjj j^jg appointed cruifing Station, he received an Account from the Captain of the Medvcay's Trize., whom he had lent into Blevjjields Bay, that the Mailer of a VefTcl had made Oath before the Lord Ar- chibald Hamilton, then Governor oi Jamaica, that there were eigh- teen Sail oi French Ships of War, and a confiderable Number of Tranfports with Soldiers, lately arrived at Martinico, and that their Defign was to invade the laid Ifland of Jamaica, upon which, he made the bcftof his way thither; and acquainting the Governor with the Intelligence he had received, his Lordlhip aflured him there was no Truth in it, and that he believed it to be a Story railed by Ibme of the People of the Ifland. Captain Hooke of the Jamaica Sloop joined him off of the Weft End of the Ifland the i^th, and brought an Account that Monfieur T)h Caffe lailed from Carthagena three Days after he had left that Coaft, but that he took no Merchant Ships with him ; {o that by the falle Intelligence given to the Captain of the Aledzi'ay 'Prize, Mr. Littleton in all Probability miffed the Opportunity of meeting with him in his way to the Havana. About the beginning oi October he had an Account from the Cap- tain of a Privateer Sloop belonging to Jamaica, that on the 8th of September he law eight large Ships between that Ifland and Cuba, which he judged to be Monfieur Du Cajfe's Squadron lacing down that way to the Havana ; and the 'Defiance, Salisbury, and Jerfey returning 4 A falfe Ac- count oj the Enemy. An Account 0/ Du CalTc his fading from Cariha gena. Chap. XX. from the Tear 169S, to iji2. 715 returning to Jamaica the 17th ofOffoi^er, the latter brought in a Ship flic had taken on the North fide of Cul/a, bound from 'Petit- a French Gttavas ro France., her Burthen of about 100 Tuns, and her Load- ^'"f '"'''" h ing chiefly Indigo, and Sugar. ""' ^"^'^■ The ifch oi November the Thetis, a French Ship of WaFtaken The Thetis by the I Find for and fVeymouth, arrived at Jamaica. She came out (v'",/'^ '*'. 1: \T ji , I ■ 7> n t rir ; I r Windfor and from AV'av England in Company of the IVeymouth, but was lepa- Weymouth, rated from her three Days after in bad Weather, and, as Mr. Little- ton heard, Sir Hovenden JValker had carry'd the fVindfor home ^^'ich him, after his Expedition was over towards ^lebeck, of which I fliill Ihortly give an Account, as alio of his relieving Mr. Lit- tleton in the Command of HerMajefty's Ships in iht irejl-lndies. This Prize, the Thetis., was a very good Ship, being bored to carry 44 Guns, and was not above five Years old, fo that the Com- madore, in behalf of hunlelf and the Captors, offered to fell her for the Qiieen's Service, but the Lords Commiflioners of the Admiralty- did not think fit to have her purchafed. The 6th Day oi Tiecetnber the IVeymonth, commanded by Cap- The Wey- tain Lefiock, arrived with a finall Privateer of 6 Guns, and forty Men "^^p^il*^^" belonging to 'Porto Rico ; and with the Trade bound to Great Bri- tain theCommadore fent the Anglefey and Fowey, as alfo ^^zScar- ^ convoy borough, the latter of which Ships was taken by the two former from ("n'^j" ^^' the Enemy on the Coaft of Guinea, where they had forac time be- fore taken her from us. In January the defiance, Salisbury, Jerfey, and Weymouth^ '7tt. were cruifing fo Windward of Hifpaniola, in different Stations, the Salisbury Prize being daily expecSted in from the Coaft of New Spain ; and the Medway Prize having been fent to cruifc off of Petit-Guavas, (he returned with 3. French Sloop bound to Havana., loaden with Madera Wine, Flower, and Cocoa. The Salisbury al- fo came in the loth oi February with di French Merchant Ship of other Prizts ifo Tuns, loadcn with Sugar from Cape Fran pis, on the North '"*'»• fide of Hifpaniola, and in few Days after fiie was fent to cruile in her former Station The Jerfey arrived alio the lame Day, whofe Commander, Captain Vernon, being off of Porto Rico, law a Sail at an Anchor very near the Shore, and ftcering diredtly towards her, found her to be a French Ship of about 20 Guns. He came to an Anchor by her, and having fired leveral Shot, Ihe breaking loofe, ran on Ihore, when the frelh Sea Breeze occafioning a great Swell, a French file immediately fell in pieces. £/"" "" About the middle of May the Commadore dcfigned to fend the Jerfey hence with the Trade, and the Star Bomb, Ihe not being in a Condition to continue longer abroad, but flic left not the Ifland until the i8th of May. The T>efiance, Salisbury, and Salisbury Trize, which had for fomc time been cruifing, returned into Port without any Purchalc ; and about this time the IVeymotith and Tryal Sloop were, at the Requcft of the Merchants, appointed to convoy thcVcffels bound to the Bay of Campeche for Log Wood, which is a very beneficial Trade to the Ifland, but was entirely interrupted by the Enemy the Year before ; and here we will leave Mr. Lit- Y y y y z tleton 7 1 6 NavalTraiifaBwis ^/f &^Engliih, BookV. commadore fletOH comiog liomc in \.\\zT>e fiance^ by Order of Sir Hovenden ^f^flnth'^' Walker^ who arrived at Jamaica the beginning of July 1711, and DeTan^./^^ of whofe Proceeding?, firft on the Expedition to ^ubeck, and in sir Hoven- j-j^g JVeJl-Iudles afterwards, I Ihall give foinc Accoiinr, when I have fr"i^!! fll'ja- re'^'^^'^ ^^''■'^'^ happened at home, and in the McditerraneaUy before raaica. the faid Expedition to ^lebeck was (b unadvil'edl)- projed:ed, and undertaken ; and this will oblige me to look Ibme Years backward, having (as hath been already obferved) chofen to give thefe Ac- counts entire, to render the whole much lefs perplexed than other- wife they would have been. Chap. XXI. « Contatn'ing an Account of Sir Thomas Hardy'^ Proceedings in and about the Chanel, till ordered to the Mediterra- nean ,• as alfo of feme oj our Ships being taken m their Paffage from the Downs Wejlwardy and others hi the Soundings. i-'o(5. Cr' '^ Thomas Hardy being appointed to command a Squadron in [^ the Soundings, which was defigned not only to proredt our Trade, but to annoy that of the Enemy, and intercept their cruifing Frigates and Privateers, he got under Sajl from Tlimouth the 17th of O£fobery and the 2.7th took a French Ship, with a Letter of Marque, of to Guns, after {he had made fome Refiftaqce with great and Imall Shot. This Ship belonged to Bourdeanx., was loaden with Sugar, Cocoa, and Indigo, and had taken two Engl'ijh VeP fels before, one of them bound to Guinea, the other in her PafTage from Oporto into the Britijh Chanel. Ranging up and down the Soimjiings, he on the lift of the next Month met with an Englijh Ship, ofVV.ar named the T)over>, com- manded by Captain Thomas Matthcy:s, abc;Ut thirteen Leagues W^eft; from Scilly., who in his Paffjge from Nc-sj England had loft Com- pany with all his Convoys, abp^i^tTi-xhui^drcd Leagues from the Land's End. Whether this was occafion'd by tlie Carclcihcfs of the • Matters of the Merchfint Ship*;, (which but too often hath; happen- ed) I ihall not determine, or whether fro^n baj. Weather at luch a Seafon of the Year ; but this I may venture to lay,, that lee theCom- inander of, a Convoy be never fo carcjful, it is,ahnoft next toan Ifn- poftibiiity to keep the Trade together^, efpecially in, the Winter rime, and when he has fo great a Rui^,,as from New England to Great Britain. Hardy°sT/w.7 Some ftraggling Ships of ours Sir Thotms JI>ardy. met with, du- Coxk to con- ring his continuing in t\\Q Soundings, aqd coming to 'Pllniouth to Eart^Tdu"''^^^-^'^'^'^^'-^'^^'^^^-^^-"^^'^^^' there he received Orders to proceed ships. ' to Chap. XXL from the Tear 1 6 ^S, to 1-112. 717 to Cork to condudl from thence fome homeward bound Eaji- India ^ ^hips. He lay Wind bound at Tlitnouth until the 24th oi'Deccm- her, but then lailing, came o^ o\' Kiiifale the 27th, from whence he order'd Captain Cocky who commanded the Convoy to the EaJi- India Men, to join him in Cork Harbour. There he waited for a Wind unnl die 5th of February^ when he put to Sea, but met wich luch bad Weather, as obliged him to re- pair to Alilford Flaven, where he was detained until the 22d, when Forced toM\\- he failed with five Fourth Rates, one Fifth, and one of the Sixth, ^'^f'l ^a^t-". having in Company fifty three Merchant Ships, (thofe from India included) and ftecring for Cape Conr^-all, dcfigned to put througli between the Iflands of Scilly and the Main. Next Morning he made the Land, but it blowing hard at E. N. E. he durft not at- tempt to put through, as he intended , but bore away for Cork a- '" Cork a- gain, from whence laiiing as fcon as poflibly the Winds would per- ^'"''' mit, he arrived in the T>0'-jons the 4rh of March. Returning to comes to the Tlimouthy he retook a Merchant Ship oiTopjharn^ but as flie was Downs, and going into Port, flie had the Misfortune of falling into the Enemy's moutL'" Hands again, and while he continued in Hamoze, two French Pri- vateers from 'Dnnkirk came into 'Tlimouth Sound, and carried a- way an Englijh Runner, although four T^iitch Capers were at An- ^» Engiidi chor in Sight, which might, had they fo picalcd, have prelcrved pf.^ou'th' '" her. . Sound. Being ordered with his Squa'dron td S^ithcad, he received Dire- 1707. dtions there, about the middle of y?/;/^, to proceed towards Lis- bon, for protecting the Tranfpo'rtrs, Store'hips, and Vidluallcrs bound" from hence to the Fleet in the Mediterranean., as alfo the Trade dcfigned to Vtrgima^ Ne'-ju England, and other foreign Parts, as far as iiis and their way fliould lie together. The oth oijnly he put to Sea, having under his Care two hun- ^''' Thomas drcd and five Merchant Ships, but contrary Winds obliged him ^o^^l\^\J^^\i^^ return to Sk. Helenas. The 3d of the next' Month he reached t\iQ Trade into the length of the Starf, but was fof-ced back, to Torbay, from whence ^'''• he was not able to accompany the Ships bound to Lisbon as far on their way as he was diredlcd until the \dS\6iy4tigiiff, fucH Difficulties are there often met with in getting out of oiir Chanel. , . ' Being in the Latitude of 49'' and's^"", Scilly bearing ^^ortlh, 63'^ Eafl:, dirtant about twenty fix Leagues, and finding a Ship with our Naval Stores, which' had bcC'rt' taken by fb'e^n'emy, and retaken by a Tiutch Privateer, he thought it advilc'abic to fee her fife to tlimouth with his Whole Squa'dron, the Stores on board her being //.• hr\np a of 2rcat Confequcnce, until another Opportunity could be met with "^-"'''^"^'"/> for her proceeding to the Port whereto Ihe was deligned, Imce ic stores 10 ru- was not cerrairr whether 'Mohfieur !Z)« Gu'e Trdvine was at Sea,' or mouth. gone into i?rr/?.' I may not omit iicqaaintirig ybii, that' before Sir Thomas. Hardy parted with the Ship^ bound to Lij(^s, and 5-4"' North, the Lizard bearing N. E. diftaut about ninety three ^^^'"^^ J^,./' Leagues, dilcovered, as it was believed, Monfi'cur 'Du Gup. ''t'rpvine''s th?^ with Squadron, which, as he had before und'crilood, were two Ships ^^'"'/;'«^'^» or G I ■■ — ■ — ' ■ ....... - — 718 NavalTranfaEtionsofthe Englifh, BookV- of 70 Guns, two of 60, one of 50, and one of 40. They brought to to the Weftward, bearing N. E. of him, and being then at a great diftancc, wore round Ibme time after, and flood upon the other Tack Eaftward, under their Toplails and Courles, with a linall Gale at N. W. Upon this a Council of War was called, and confidcring that the Prince's Orders to Sir Thomas Hardy were thus ; That if in his Paflagc into the Soundings he Ihould get fight of the afore- faid French Squadron , Captain K'lrktown of the 'Defiance fliould, with the Ships of War under his Command, and the Tranrports, StoreOiips, and Viduallers, make the beft of their way to Lisbon, and he give Chafe to the Enemy, but that if he could not come up with them, he Hiould return to a proper Station in the Soundings, and there cruiie for the Security of our Trade ; and he finding that the Enemy's Squadron were Hull to, almofl in the Wind's Eye ; that it being near Night, our Ships would foon lofe Sight of them, fo that it was to no purpofe to continue the Chalc; and confider- ing that the Ships with Captain Ktrktown were not of fuflicicnt Strength to deal with them, it was determined to keep Company with him until he fliould be about one hundred and twenty Leagues from Procttii far. thc Land's End, lefl the Enemy fhould, by getting by our Squadron ther into the in the Night, take or deftroy many of the Merchant Ships ; and a seji, for secu fjjf^(^jg,^t Strength was kept in the Rear of the Fleet to prevent Ac- rlty of the J Trade, &c. CldCUtS. Parting with the Ships bound to Lisbon, he cruifed in the Lati- tudes of 49^ and 46'* and 30"", for protecting our Trade coming from the aforefaid Port oi Lisbon, under the Convoy of three Third Rates, and the i6ch of September he came into VUmouth to refit and vidlual, where being detained by contrary Winds until the id o^ January^ he then received Orders to accompany Six John Leake to the Mediterranean. Here let me inform you of an unlucky Accident which befel two of our Ships of War in their PalTage Irom the 'Do'xns Weflward, which was as follows, viz. the Royal Oak, Hampton- Court, and Grafton, (the firfl of 76, the other two mounting 70 Guns each) failing thence on the ift Day of Alay, with feveral Merchant Ships and VciTcls under their Convoy, all of them under the Command of Captain Baron IVylde of the Royal Oak, were attack'd about fix Leagues to thc Weflward oi Beachy, by nine Ships of War fitted out from 'Dunkirk, of between 50 and f 6 Guns each, with which there were alfo feveral Privateers, and fome of them of Force, be- ing in all about twenty Sail. After a very iharp Engagement, where- in divers Officers and Men were killed on both fides, and the Ships very much (battered in their Hulls, Mafts, and Rigging, the Graf- ton, commanded by Captain Edward A^ on, and the Hampton-Cony t and HamT" ^X Captain George Clements, (the former of whom was flain inFighr, ton-Court ri Enemy's PofTeflion, and having before engaged with two of their?, 'o^vVrfed "n °^**^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^'^^ ^^ could to favc \.\\t Royal Oak, by running her fliore. ' on Receives Or- ders to go to the Streighl?, Chap. XXI. from the Ti'ar i6^S, to 1-J12. 7iftrvatio» be uureaibnable to conjcd:urc, tlut had they been drawn into a clofe "f""' '^' "" line, and, inftcad of lying by to receive the Enemy, kept con- { ■^'^^f '"'^ flantly under Sail, and fought in that manner, the French would have Hjcc with very great difficulty (had they thus mutually afllfted c.ich other) in boardiug rhcm ; whereas by their lying almoft mo- tionlcls, at too great a diftancc one from the other, they had bet- ter Opportunicics of attacking them, being finglc, with Numbers of their Ships, and not only of raking them fore and aft with their Ordnance and Imall Shot, but of gauling them on their Broadfides alio. Nor let us here pafs by an Accident that happened to fome other of our Ships of War this Year, which were bound out of the Cha- nel. It was. thus. On the a4th oi September Orders were fcnt to Captain Richard Edwards * of the Cumberland^ mounted with 80 Guns, to take under his Command the T>ezo7iJhire^ of like Force, the aforcfaid Ship Royal Oak of j6, and the Chejter and Rnby of 50 Guns each, with which he was to proceed for the Security of liich Merchant Ships as had Horles on board for the King of Por- tugal, forty or fifty Leagues beyond Scilly-, and then to leave them to go forward to Lisbon with the Ruby and Chejier, their proper Convoy. Sailing purfuant to thofe Order?, he had not long parted with the Land e'er he unluckily fell in with twelve Ships of the Enemy's, being the Squadron commanded by Monfieur T>u Cue Trovine y MonfitHrXiA joined by that of Monfieur /"(9//r^/«'s, both employed on private 9^^^^ '""^ Accounts, although all, or mod of them, w^ere Ships of the /^>r«f^ Fourhin''j King's Navy, one of 71 Guns, others upwards of 60, fome of ^o, sq"'"^'-'"'^ and^none of rhcm of Icis than 40. With theic Ships they engaged '£hnd?Chl- a confidcrablc time, while thofc under their Convoy fccurcd them- iter, artmoutb taking another Privateer of 12 Guns, flie was ordered with her to Tlimouth., where if thc Leak file complained of could be llopp'd, ihe was to proceed to the Tyo'-juns with thc Trade. Lord Durdey The 22d 0^ February his Lordfiiip fell in with eleven Sail, about falls in with j^ygiycs Lcapucs ftom Scilly. havine then with him no more than ships in a^og.lno. Kent ^ 'Fltmouth, Alonk, and Litchfield. 1 his happened about Three in the Morning, and their Lights being difcovcrcd, he caufcd the Chap. XXII from the Tear 169S, to i']i2. 723 the Signal to be made for Wearing, which was done, but not without hazard of falling among the Enemy, and the 'Plimoutb and Litch- field, not feeing the Signal, flood on. It was fuch thick Weather that it could not be difcerncd what they were ; however his Lord- fliip defigncd, by clapping on a Wind, to get to Windward of them, that lb, if pofiible, he might join the Ships and Trade coming from Lisbon^ and thereby make himiclf flrong enough to engage them, but mifTmg of them in the Night, and (irerching in for Tli- moHtb, Captain Stuart of the 'Dartmouth^ who not long before had been lent in thither with his Prize, (as hath been already men- tioned) acquainted his Lorddiip that he had been chafed by nine large Ships ofTof the Lizard, which he judged to be the very fame he met with, and that had fallen in with, and engaged Cap- tain Toilet in his Paflage from Ireland, which Adtion bemg Ibiue- what remarkable, I Ihall, in this Place, give the following Account of it. On the iffh o^ April, in the Afternoon, the faid Captain Toilet a fmannif. fet fail from Cork with his own Ship, the AJfurance, of 70 Guns, f""' between the Sunderland of 60, and the Hampjhire and Anglefey of 5-0 Guns ^'^L "{j^^ each, being join'd by the AJJlflance, another Ship of the like force, captain Tol- and the Trade Irom Kinfale. In his Pafiage the Anglefey and Sun- p^' ""'^ '** derland loft Company, and on the 6th in the Morning, about Five a Clock, he faw four Sail ftanding after him, as he was fleering away E. by N, the Lizard bearing N. N. E near eight Leagues diftance. About Seven they came within random Shot, and then brought to, whereupon he made the Signal for drawing into a Line of Battel, and another for the Merchant Ships to bear away for their Security, which (according to ufual Cuftom) they took no notice of, but draggled Ibme one way, and fbmc another. About Eight the Ene- my bore down, having drawn themlelvcs into a Line, and when they were come within Musket-ihot, they hoifted French Colours. The Commander in Chief, who was in a Ship of 70 Guns, or up- wards, came ranging along the Larboard fide of the Affurance, com- manded by Captain Toilet, and fell on board of him, lb that they engaged Yard Arm and Yard- Arm for almoft half an Hour, during which time the French Ship plying him with Imall Shot, cut off" moft of the marine Soldiers, and the Seamen quartered upon the Deck, after which Ihe fell off, and came on board again on the Lee fide, firft ranging on his Bow, and then on his Quarter, whereupon he fired into her his upper Deck, and lower Deck Guns, infomuch that he obliged her to quit him, and then Ihe ftood away a- head af- ter the Merchant Ships. The other three, of 40 and fc Guns each, came ranging along his fide, firing many Shot into him, and after that bore away as the other Ship had done. The Damage the Af- furance received was very great, her fides being in many Places Ihot through and through ; her Shrouds and Bjckftays, as alio her main and falfe Stay cut in pieces; her Fore lail and Fore top lail very much torn, the bcft Bower Anchor carried away wiih a Shot, one of the Flukes of the fpare Anchor likcwilc Shot away, and the Imall Bower, by the French Ship's boarding her, forced through her Bowes. Z z z z i When 724 NavalTi^anfaBionsoftheEnglifh, BookV. When her Commander had made good thefe Damages as well as rime would permit, all the Ships of War bore down to Iccurc thofe of the Merchants, and expecSted a lecond Engagemcnr, bijt the Enemy de- dining ir, flood away to cut offlbme of the Convoys, which might, had they regarded his Signal, have gotten life in Vx-ich the Shore;. Some of them he brought into 'Flrmout/j, and while he was engaged he law others bear away for Falmouth^ {o that it could uot then be known how many had fallen into the Enem.y's Hands. The Difputc lafted about two Hours, in the beginning of which Captain Toilet was wounded upon the Deck, where (having been ill before) he was carried in a Chair. The firfl Lieutenant was flrot in the Leg, which he got dreflcd, and then returned to his Charge. The fccoud Lieutenant was killed, as were icvcral of thofc French Officers which were brought from Ireland., but more of them wound- ed ; and in the whole the AJfurance had twenty five killed, and fifty three maimed, fome of whom died; for the Enemy making their chief Attempt on her, fhc was leverely handled, the Hamp- jh'tre having no more than two Men killed, and eleven wounded, and the AJJijlance but twenty one wounded, and eight (lain. 1-09, Let us now return to the Lord 'Diirpy, who the loth oi March ordered three Ships off of Brefi for Intelligence, one of which was to bring him the lame to Tlimontb, and the orhcr two to cruife off oi Scilly till his Lordlhip joined thcra ; mean while the Salisbury T/!>e SalifLui y took ^ Fre?ich JVijt-India Ship, which proving very leaky, moft takes ai'xtnzh of the Valuable Goods were taken out of her, left Ihe Ihould foun- Wea-India ^^^ ^^c^^^ ^^ got j^to Port. The ic)th oi March his Lordlhip received Orders to condud the Ships bound to Lisbon well into the Sea, and much about this time he had an Account thatMonfieur T)u Gue Trovine had been fecn the afth of the fame Month with fcvcn Ships, in the Latitude of 49', Wcfting from Scilly about thirty five Leagues ; which being con- firmed by the Mailer of a Ship of 20 Guns, taken and brought in by the Romney, his Lordlhip purpoicd to leave rhe Tranfporcs and Trade bound to Lisbon to the Care of lome Ships of the States- General fuddenly expcdted from Tortjrnoiith, and to have proceed- ed to Sea immediately in fearch of the Enemy, but they not timely arriving, he took under his Protedion the atorcl'aid Tranfjports and Trade, and had no looncr parted with them in Safety, than he dif- covered two French Ships of War, which had that very Morning taken one of ours called the Brijiol^ of 5:0 Guns, the Captain of her being in Search of our Squadron from Wimonth. To thei'e Ships Lord Durflcy his Lordlhip gave Chafe, and retaking the Brijiol, (ready to foun- retaMi our Jet by rcalou of a Shot in her Bread-room) he ordered the two ftern- sh^jh^^n- moft Ships to lie by her. ^^^ His Lordlhip followed the Enemy from Six in the Morning until , Nine at Night, but finding the biggeft Ship ourlaiied him, wiiich he //;£ French" afterwards underftood was xhcAihilks, commanded by Monfieur shifs. 2)« Gne TrovinCi he made the Signal for the hcadmoft Ships to. leave off chafing her. On the other, called the Gloire, of 44 Guns, hey gained, and the Chcjter, commanded by Captain Thomas Matthews Chap. XXIL from thcTcar 16^8, to 1712. 725 Alattbcjus., coming up within Gun-Hioc, continued To near as to keep Sight of her ail Night, and by fallc Fires fliewed our other Ships what Courfe he ftecr'd, lo that Jhe lurrcndcr'd, after engaging rhe cioire ibme time. ''''""■ The 16th of^r;/ two fiiiall Ships were taken, as was on the 7th 1709. oi May a Privateer carrying 14 Guns and one hundred Men ; but ^""^^ "'*«'■ the Provifions in the Squadion growing very fliort, hi": Lordfliip was obhged to return to 'Plimouth the 13th, with one Third, and leven P'ourth Rates, and there he had an Account that the Sisjeepfiakes, a Ship of 32 Guns, had been taken, in her PafTage our Sweep- Weftvvard, by two of the Enemy's Privateers, each of which had '*'''^" "'''"^• more iMen than were on board the iaid Frigate. The Lord Tturjley coming from "Plimoutb to London^ went down uri Duidey to the Ncre rhc I'irh of 'july-, and on rhe 21ft lailed from thence """'" *" with a Squadron off of Schoir^cn in Zecland, in order to intercept a"i^e"wa"ds Ibme Ships wirh Corn, coming from the North, for Supply of the 'omrnands a Enemy's Army in Flanders^ but not having the good Fortune of T^e'tTa^d^ meeting with any oi them, he proceeded to Ouzly Bay. The 5th oi October his Lordfhip repaired to Sphhead^ and failing «" Urdflnp from thence, came to TUmonth three Days after, with one Tliitd ["^'^l'^ l Rate, and two Fourths, from whence he difpatchcd three Ships of ivefiem squa- 50 Guns to cruile in Brijiol Chanel, and Captain Vincent with fix ''''*"• others to cruife in the Latitude of 48'' and 30% and 50'',Wefting from Scilly from twcpry to thirty Leagnes, for the Security 'of a conH- derable Fleet of Merchant Ships expected trom x.\\c IFeJi Lidies^ and feme time after he himfelf failed to join them. When hisLordlhip was o{i oi Scilly the 31ft ofO^fober^ he rook TivoPriz.es a French Ship from Guadalupe, and a Imall Privateer, and meeting '"**"• the Fleet from Barbadoes the zd o^ 'December, he appointed fome Ships to ftrengrhcn that Convoy, and fent two Frigates off ot Brejl for Intelligence. The latter end o? November Captain Hughes oi iht JFincheJier chaicd a Ship, \\hich proved to be iiT>utch Privateer, whofe Com- mander being required to ftrike, he, inftead of paying that due Re- fpcd: to the Flag of England, fired both great and fmall Shot into r/;fVVinche- him, but being anfwered in the fame manner, after an obflinare Dif- n^' f'^/ putc, (though it was known \\\z Winchijicr was an Englijh Ship ,ffr'"^ane which had been cleared ^/rjohnNor- thcrc as a French Ship, and there he was informed that the Enemy f'syW^/oEi- intcndcd to convoy their Corn in Neutral Ships, and that there was near a hundred T>utch VefTcls taking in their Loading, which the Envoy from the States Genera! was apprehcnfive they would carry to France. Calling a Council of War thereupon, it was determined a council of to ftrengthcn rhe Convoy bound from Maejterlaiidt, and to endeavour '^'"^ ^'''''■ to flop all Ships whatever loaden with Corn from proceeding out of the Sound, until the 'Dutch Convoy arrived to carry their Vef- fels diredtly to Holland, The id oi' July he had Advice the three French Ships before- mentioned, which failed from Eljinore, were at Hammer Sound in He fends ships Norv^'ay, and confequcntly a Neutral Place, but not fortified, and '" Hammer thither he lent four Frigates to look our for them, or on the Coafls terapt rL'f- thcreabouts, but they had not rhe good Fortune of meeting them. >'tm^. Several S-^cdiJh Ships he flopp'd loadcn with Corn, bound, as they and pretended, to Holland ■&x\^ "Portugal, and this under a Pretence Ictt. /lops feverai the Enemy lliould meet them at Sea; but the Court of Tienmark ^wedifhs%.r took Umbrage thereat, and the Governor oiElJlnore let him know, ''^" ^'"^"' that if he continued to flop Ships from paHing the Sound, he ihould be obliged to force him to dcfifl:. At this time Sir John Norris was between the tu^o Caftles at El- Jinore and Cronenburgh, one belonging to the 'Dane and the other to the S'-ji'cde, both of which, at his Arrival, had anfvvercd his He is faluttd Salute, from whence he ordered one of the Ships under his Com- *> '""'' ''"^ mand to go out of the Sound, and to endeavour to prevent all Vef- 'l^„,ranc! If' fcls from paHlng ; loon after which he received Orders from the the Sound. Lord High Admiral, wirh the Qiicen's Approval of what he had done ; and on the ixth of July Rear- Admiral Convent arriving with twelve Dutch Ships of War to convoy home their VefTels loaden with Corn, and the French Ships being failed, it was determined at a Council of War, that he (hould return to England with the Squa- He returns /.> dron, and take the Trade from Maejtcrlandt in Company with him, ^"Si^nd. if they were not gone from that Port. G H A JP^ 728 NavalTranf anions of the^nglifh, BookV. Chap. XXIV. Contain'mg an Account of Sty Cloudefly ShovcU'j Proceed- tnns to J Wy and from the Mediterranean, with the heat- ing of Ofir Army in S^ain ; the unfticcefsful Attempt on Thoulon hy the Duke of Savoy, and the hombardmg that Place foon after j together with the Lofs of Sir Cloudefly Shovell, and feveral of our Ships on the Iflands of Scilly. I H Aving related what was done in the Soundings^ as well as in the North Sea, and up and down in the Chanel, let us look back and"give ibme Account of the Fleet which was fitting out in the Year 1706 for Service in the M edit err am an , under the Command ,706. of Sir Cloudefiy Shovell, who had Orders the izth oi July to make &ir Cloudefly all pofliblc DUpatch in getting them ready ; and on this Expedition Shovell with went the Earl Rivers ^ and the Earl of Effex, with between nine firRTvers'^ and ten thoufand Land- Forces, Englijh and "Butch, who were to be ■with rand- employed in afllfting the King of Spaiu towards the Recovery of ^"''"irr'h! ^^^ Kingdom from the Duke oi Afijou. Kin^'of Spiin. When Sir Cloudejly Shovell arrived at Lisbon, he was to take un- der his Command the Squadron left there by Sir John Leake when he came from the Mediterranean, under the Condud: of Sir George By ng^ who in the Interim had detached a Convoy home with the empty Tranfports and Trade, and fent fbme Ships of War o^ oiCarthagena, at the Requeft of the Governor of that Place, the better to fupporc him, ihould he be attack'd by the Militia of Murcia, who, fince the Retreat of the Troops from thence, had advanced, and obliged Origuela, a neighbouring Town, to declare again for the Duke of y^njou. The 6th of September Sir Cloudejly Shovell came to Torbay, where the greateft difpatch was made in getting ofT Corn and Hay for the Horles, and Water and Neceflaries for x.\\t Englijh zm^TDutch Tranfports, and being in the Soundings the loth of the faid Month the Barfleur, a Ship of the Second Rate, fprung a dangerous Leak fo that he was forced to fend her home, the Earl Rivers going then on board the Admiral's own Ship the AJfociation ; and many of the Ships of the Fleet, as well as thofe for Tranfportation, were not on- the Fleet ft- \y leparatcd , but received much damage by the Extremity of the ;«rd,«i by a ^^^aj^g- infoffluch that he arrived in the River of Lisbon with no more than four Ships of War, and about fifty Tranfports; but meet- ing mod of the reft there, he lent out Cruilers to look for, and af- fift luch as were mifling. Here he found feveral empty Tranlport Ships, into which he removed thofe Troops from fuch others as were rcnder'd unferviceable, and ienc two of the Ships of Sir George Byng's Chap. XXIV. from the Tear i <^^8, to if 12. 729 Byngs Squadron to Al'tcant with Money and NccefTarics for the Army then under Command of the Earl of Gallway. The i8th of November the Admiral had Orders nor only to take under his Command all Her Majcfty's Ships which he iliould find at Lisbon, but alio luch others as he might meet with, not employ- ed on any immediate and prefTmg Service ; and much about this time the King oiTortngal dying, things were in no fmall ConRiHou ^'n of Vox- at that Court. tugalJ;«. Colonel JVorjley being fent to the King of Spain at Valencia^ re- turned to Lisbon with Letters from His Majefty, and the Earl of Galliiiay, reprcfentiug the great danger he was in by the Superio- rity of the French and Spaniards, unlefs the Troops with the Earl Rivers came fpeedily to His Majefty's AfTiftance, iufomiUch that it JC/Xeff/Spiin was feared things would be reduced to fo great Extremities as in f'^'^ f"'' '^* the laft Winter ; whereupon it was relolved to proceed with the Forces to Alicant with the utmoft Difpatch ; but it required much time and pains to put all things in a Rcadinels, at a Port where but hrtle could be had for making good the great Damages received in their PafTage from England. Before the Month of 'December was expired, a very extraordina- ry Accident happened, which was thus. The Admiral having ap- pointed Ibme cruifing Ships to proceed to Sea, as they were going out of the Mouth of the River the Tortugnefe Forts fired at Icaft threelcore Shot at them, to bring them to an Anchor, which he per- Portuguefe ceiving, fent Orders to our Captains to pufli their way through, and fa^'i/itj/' accordingly they did lb, without (o much as returning one Shot at the Forts. The Court of ^Portugal, upon his reprefenting to them this barbarous Ulage, pretended that the Officers of the Forts had done it without Orders, for that they were only diredled to fire at, and detain a Genoefe Ship whofc Mafter was indebted to the King. But the Admiral being certainly informed that this very Ship was at the fame time lying before the Walls of the City oi Lisbon, and that the Mafter of her was on fhore tranfading his Bufincls, he lee them know, in a manner which became a Perfon in his Port thus affronted, that if they offered to attempt any fuch thing again, (for they had done it before to Sir John Leake, as hath been already re- lated) he would not (lay for Orders from his Miftrefs, but take Sa- tisfadtion from the Mouths of his Cannon. And here it may not be improper to take Notice of fome very handfome Adlions performed by fome of the Ships which Sir Clotidejly Shovell thus fent out to cruife, viz. the Romney, of 5-0 Guns, com- manded by Captain fViUiam Cony, being with the Milford and Fowy, two Ships of the Fifth Rate, in Gibraltar Bay, on the nth of December, they had Intelligence that a French Ship of 16 Guns, ^ hindfom which had about 30 Pieces of Brals Cannon on board, part of thofc cap'tl'inCo- which belonged to the Ships of Monfieur Tonty which Sir John ny, a»d 0- Leake had forced on Ihore, lay at an Anchor under the Guns ^'^'l^l-J'.^ll'' Malaga, whereupon Captain Cony, with the Ship he commanded /^i,;,, only,' proceeded thither, (one of the Fifth Rates being diiabled, and the other having accidentally Icparated from him) and, noc- A a a a a withftanding 730 ISIavalTranf actions of the JEnglilli, Book V. withftanding the continual Fire of the Town, took her, and brought her off The i6th following he gave chafe to, and came up with another French Ship, which proved to be the Content^ of 64 Guns, which, to fecure her iclf, got dole under a Caflle, about eight Leagues to theWeftward oi Ahucria; but Capcain Coiij anchoring, and order- ing the Milford and Fo'ouy to do the fame, one a-hcad, and the o- ther a-ftern of him, they plied their Guns en her upwards of two Hours, when flie took fire, and after burning about three Hours, blew up, loHng thereby great part of her Men. This Ship Mon- fieur Villars, who cruilcd with a Ftench Squadron between Cape 'Palos and Cape de Gales, had detached to bring out to him the a- forefaid Ship with Brais Ordnance from Malaga. On the 8th oi 'July, between Twelve and One at Nighr, Captain Cojiy difcovered, and gave chafe to another Ship, which was called the Mercury, carrying 42 Guns, and two hundred and fifty Men, bur was lent by the French King to the Merchants, which Ship fubmitced to him, after her Commander was flain, and feveral of her Men were killed and wounded. i7of. The beginning Oijaiinary Earl Rivers received Orders from Efig- land to land the Troops at Lisbon, upon AfTurances given by the Envoy from Tortugal at our Court, and the Marquis Montandre, that the Kmg would join a confiderahle Body to penetrate into Spain, and march to Madrid by way oi Toledo. But fince it was tound that the Miniftry of Tortugal would have divided cur Army, one half to go to Valencia, and the other to the Frontiers of ^Portugal, it was at a Council of War judged impradticable for cither of them, in fuch cafe, to make any confidcrable Progrefs in Spam ; and there- it was rifoiv- fotc it was rclolvcd to land them at Alicant, for doing whereof Or- eA !o land the ders wcfc fomc little time after received from England. Trocpi at Ah- Accordingly the Fleet and Tranfports proceeded, and when the Troops ihould be put on Ihore, the Admiral determined to return to Lisbon, there to put the Fleet in a Condition for Service, but to leave fix or ieven Ships on the Spanijh Coaft, to afiift on all Oc- cafions. The Admiral Lcsiv'mg AUcant the 17th of February, he arrived at Lisbon the returns toLis- jj^}, ^f the uext Month ; but in his Paffage down the Str eights the °"' Bnrford met with ievcral Tranlports which had loft the Fleet in its outward bound Voyage, and he had ordered three Thi.d Rates to follow him i\om Alicant with other Tranlports, when unloaden, that by rheir being lent from thence to England, the Government might be cafed of their Charge as loon as 'twas pofllble. The Army in Spain being in great want of Money, Cloaths, Provifions, and other Neccflaries, he order'd Sir George Byng to proceed to Alicant with Srpplics, and to take with him one Firft Rate, one Second, feveu Thirds, and one Fourth, together with the nine Ships of the States General, and lome fmall Frigates and Fire- Eari Rivers fhips; and on the X3d oi March Earl Rivers and the Earl oi Ejfex Tnttyi^re'- Came thither from Altcant, with Icveral Officers who were return- turn to Lis- ing for England attcr the Army was lauded ; the reafon whereof I •'on- know 4 Chap.XXIV. fromtheTear 169S, toi']i2, 731 1707 know nor, unlcfs it was that they had no Tnchnation to lerve with the Earl oiGn.ll\z;ayy who was a Senior Officer. Sir George Byug lailcd the 30th o'i JMarch, who, when he had put on fhore the NccefTaries for the Army, was to employ the Ships :£"■ George under his Command lb as that they might be of mod Service to the zvii°as7Ja- Allies ; and the Admiral was making the um^oft Dilpatch with the reft ■■'''^» "> Ali- of the Fleet to follow him, which were one Ship of the Second ""^" Rate, eleven of the Third, tour of the Fourth, as many of the Fiith, befidcs Firclhips Bombs, and other imall VefTcis. V/ith rheie Ships he failed, and when he was otFof Cape Sr. J^in- cent he had the melancholy News of the Defeat of our Array in our Arm^ in Spain at the Battel oi Almanza. great part of the Foot being killed, Spain ^m/«». or taken Prifoncrs, the Lord C^iU'way having defired Sir George Byng that what he had brought with him lor their Ulc might be carried to Tortofa in Catalonia^ ro which Plnce his Lordlhip dcfigned ro re- treat, and that, if poflTible, he would fave the Hck and wounded Men at IDenhiy Gandia, and Valencia^ where it was intended the Bruges of Boats, Baggage, and all things that could be got together ihould be put on board. Accodingly he took care of the Tick and wounded Men, and arriving at Tortofa, there the Lord Gallizay propos'd to make a Stand with the poor Remains of the Army. Tiiis Service employed Sir George Byug almoft the whole Month of /IprU, and then he was in daily Expediation of being joined by Sir Clmidejly Shovell from Lisbon, either on that part of the Coaft of Spain, or at Barcelona, whither he was dcfigncd. The Admiral arriving ^tAlkant the loth o't May^ he failed from thence the next Day, and joined ^\x George Byng ar Barcelona the ^'''" Cloudefly loth, whence he proceeded to the Coaflt of Italy, and the latter ^,;. ctorg'e ^ end of June anchored between Nice ^nd Antibcs, where he hourly uyng, and expected his Royal Highncls the Duke of Savoy, with the Aruiy >'"^'/Z,'''f, which was to attempt Tboulon, conflfl ng, as it was reprcfcnted to '"■' " *^* him, of thirty five thoufand Men, all extraordinary g )od Troops, whereas that of the Enemy amounted not to thirty thoufand, and mofl part of them new railed, not but that they were getting toge- ther the Ban, and the Arriere Ban of the Country, which might make as many more. The 29th of Jnne the Duke of Savoy and Prince Eugene arriving, his Royal Highncls came on board the Admiral, when he was at an T3U'.;e o/Sa- Anchor about a League from the Var, where the Enemy were en- ^^IdThe""^ trenched with parr of their Troops. His Highncls Tefolvcil to at- Fka, and the ' tempt the Pal's before the rcfl: of them came up, and the Admiial /""»>'* ««- undertook to deftroy their Works next to the Sea, for he could place „"^„ fj/var his Ships in lefs than Musket-lhot, fo as to have them open to him. attacked. From thence he iorced the Enemy, and Sir yobn Norris landing with five or fix hundred Seamen and Marines, took PofTclfion of them, inlbmuch that about half an Hour after his Royal Highneis palled without Oppofition, and the :\ih of'Jnly decamped and march- ed towards Tboulon, while the Fleet made way to the Iflcs off/yeres, om vlut gus the Admiral cugasinti to the Duke that if the Place was taken, and '" ''" '/" "/ => t5 t> ' Hyeres. A a a a a X he Shifis appoint- ed on proper Stations. Cannon , &c. landed from the Fleet. The French fnake a fuc- cefsfnl Sally. 732 NavalTranfaBio7isofthcEng\i{h, BookV. he could not retreat fafely by Land, to convoy hirafclf and the Ar- my by Sea. Four Third Rates, and five 'Dutch Ships joined him towards the latter end of July, as did thofc he had lent to Genoa and LivornCy with the Tranlports that were loaden with Ammunition and Provi- fions for the Army; and he appointed fome Frigates not only to keep open the Communication by Sea, but to proted the Duke of Savoy's Boats pafllng to and fro, and to awe the Enemy in yUla Franca and Monaco ; bcfides which others were lent on proper Services. One hundred Cannon were landed from the Fleet for the Batte- ries, with two hundred Rounds of Powder and Shot, and a confi- derable Number of Seamen to ferve as Gunners ; and Cordage, Nails, and Spikes, with all other things wanting for the Camp, (for indeed they were but poorly furniihed) were fupply'd from the Ships; fb that Affairs had a very good Face till the 4th of Aiigitft-, when, early in the Morning, the Enemy making a vigorous Sally, forced moll or all of the People out of the Works, and took Polfeflion to the Right, where they continued all Day, and upon their going ofl~, deftroyed them, drawing away eight or ten Guns into the Town, in which Adion there were killed and wounded on the Duke of Savoy^ fide above eight hundred Men, among whom were the Prince oi Saxe Gotha, and Ibmc Officers of Diftiud:iou. This Attempt being made with luch Numbers, it put the Troops under great Apprehcnfions, and the Generals were of Opinion it would HOt be proper to carry on the Siege, fmce while the Duke of Savoy's Army decrealed, the Enemy rather gathered Strength ; in- fomuch that on the 6th oi Aiigufi his Royal Highnels defired the Admiral would immediately embark the Sick and Wounded, and take off the Cannon, in order to his raifing the Siege, which from this time was turned only to a Cannonading and Bombardment. His Royal Highnefs alio informed him that he purpoled to decamp the loth in the Morning, and defired that the Fleet might accompany the Army as far as the Var ; which being done, it was propoled to the Duke, and Prince Eugene, to carry with the Fleet to Spain any Troops which could be Ipared for Service in that Country ; but fmce there was not any thing determined in this Affair, the Admiral foon after Ihaped his Courfc down the Streights. When the Army were withdrawn from Thoulon, our Bomb-Vef- fels played io warmly on the Town, that they let it on fire, which continued to burn furioufly all Night, nor was it cxtinguiih'd the next Day, but at length the Enemy brought both Guns and Mor- tars againft the Veffels, and forced them to retire, not a little mangled. Before the French made their Sally, they were in fuch a Confter- : nation, that they funk about twenty of their Ships of War in the Harbour, ten, or more of them, with three Decks, and did it in fuch a manner, as render'd them unfit for any farther Service ever fmce. Thus The Siege of Thoulon raifed. Thoulon bombarded. French fmi their ships. .is Cloudefly made the Signal of Danger, as he himfelf did. Sir George Byng was *''!"''«" '*- noE then half a Mile to Windward of him, who faw the Breaches "!n^nd! of of the Sea, and Toon after the Rocks oi Scilly above Water, on one !>i-iiiy. of which the Admiral Ilruck, and in Icfs than two Minutes there He is hfl. was not any thing of his Ship leen. The Ship where Sir George Byng bore his Flag was providentially faved chiefly by his own Pre- several ships fence of Mind in this imminent Danger, even when one of the Rocks '"'PP'h 'M- was almoll under her Main Chains, and Slv John Norris and the ' Lord 'Durjky with very great difficulty dilcntangled themfclves from the thrcatning Fate, bcfides whom feveral others rajj no Imall ha- zard among chefc dangerous little Iflands. It cannot be imagined but that this lad Accident occafioned a ve- ry great Surprize at home, efpccially fince fo experienced a Seaman, and (b good an Officer as Sir Clotidejly Shovcll was had the con- ducSting of the Fleet, and that there were other Flags, as well as pri- vate Captains, with him of undoubted Knowledge. As I cannot An obfcrva- undertake to give the true Caufc of this unhappy Milcarriage, I fliall ''^^" "" *^" Jeave it with this common Obfcrvation, that upon approaching Land ddeltj after fo long a Run, the beft Looker out is the bcft Sailer, and con- fcquently the lying by in the Night time, and making fail in the Day is the mofl: fafc, which I think this unhappy Gentleman did not do, and might principally occafion not only the Lois of him- Iblf and all his Ships Company, but alio of all the Officers and Men o.XXV. fro}n tbeTear 1698, to 1712. 7^=^ to carry from thence the Succours from Ir^/y to Catalonia % then to employ the Squadron under his Coitimand as might be bed for his Service, unril the middle of January next; and atrcr that to repair ""^ ro Lisbon ro refit the Ships, and ior a Supply of Provifions. His Majcfty rcprelented to him how highly prejudicial it would be to P'-'Jf" that a the Common Caule, and to himfclf in particular, if a Souadron did '^1'"'^"" . not conltrinrJy remain m the M e d it erratic an ^ not only ro protcdl ,n tht Mcdi- his Tranfports with Corn, but to bring the Queen from Italy when ti-Tranean. ihe Ihould be ready to embark ; and therefore propoled that the Ships with him might be thus divided. Part of them to attend the *-'«5 <>f Queen, others to itrctti!thcn the Convoy from Italy, and the Re- ^P/'," ' '''T mamdcr to endeavour to reduce the l\«ngdom ot darair/ra, his Ma- ■vid:ng the jcfly having appointed the Conde de Ctfuentes his Lieutenant- Gene- ^'"f- ral there : But it was thought ncccflary that Ibmc Ships might be firfl icnt to Italy to fake in a Body of Men for this Service. His M.:jefty alio let theRear-Admi'-al know, that Ihould he leave thole Seas, all Catalonia would be much cxpoicd to the Enemy, as well as his own Pcrion to the hazard of a Siege, cfpecially [( Lerida fliould be loft, for which Rcaions he carnellly preiTed his ftay. Upon this a Council of War was called, and confidering the Con- ^ council of dition of the Ships, as to Siores and Provifions, it was judged ab- "'"'' '"^'^■ iblucely nccefTary they Ihould be at Lisbon by the middle of Ja- nuary ; nor was it thought that the Flag was at liberty by his In- (Irudlions to divide the Squadron. But it was concluded, that if when he came to Livorne, be Ihould find the Enemy had not a Strength at Sea to molcH the Convoy with the Troops defigncd to Catalonia, he Ihould then lail to the Idand of Sardinia-, as his Ma- jerty had defired. The King prclTcd him acjain to proceed to that Ifland, and afTured t^« yf^ing him the Inhabitants wanted only an Opportunity of declaring for /"pj^" ^" him, which when they had done, himlelif and Troops might from dikes to thence be furnifhcd with Bread, at this time very much wanted; truuito^ix- and his Majeily, as a farther Motive for his Proceeding on this Ser- vice, let hiiu know that he had reafon to believe the Tranfports from Italy were already on their way. Since the Care of that Embarcation was particularly recommended to him by his Inft udtions, he iixiled from Barcelona the id of No- 'vcmbcr, but meeting with hard Gales of Wind, the Ships were Ic- parated, nor had they joined him again the 14th, when he was a- bout twelve Leagues from Cape Cornea, where he was informed by a Letter from the King oi Spain of the Lois oi' Lerida, fo that Lerida /<>;?. it was ablolutely necefiTary the Troops fliould be in Spain as foon as pofllble, cfpecially fincc Tortofa and Tarragona were in great danger. He arrived at Livorne the 19th o^ November, in which Road he •«" Thomas met with fo violent a Storm, that all the Ships iuffcred very much; t^^^^^"""^ and here he had notice from Genoa that all the Tranfports were rea- dy to fail for Final to take in eight thoufand Foot, befidcs fbme Horfc, where he intended to join them with his whole Squadron, to lorne. 3 G Naval TranfacTwns of the Englilh, Book V. to prevent Accidents trom the Enemy, who had a confiderable Strength at Sea, and in all ProbabiUty might have a Defign to way- lay them. The ifl: of T>ecember he had not any notice of the Tranfport Ships being arriv'd at Final, and fmce the Commadore of the Con- voy had informed him that by the ftrong South- Weft Winds the Ca- bles of the Ships were very much damaged in the Port of Genoa, he thought they could not well be trufted at fuch a Seafon of the Year at Final, and therefore earneftly defired of our Envoy that the Troops might embark, at Vado, a little Town about a League to the Weftward of Savona, where they might lafely be carried off in Sir Thomas ^^^ worft Weather ; but loon after this he died of a Fever after biikes die], fomc Days Illnels, during which time he committed the Care of andcaprain jj^g Squadron to C^LptSLia Ja/per Hjcks , who was the next Senior Hicks com- r^ai l ^ ■•■ wands. Olticer. It may not be improper here to inform you, that upon Sir Tho- mas 'Dtlkes'^ coming into the Road of Livorne, he demanded a Salute of feventeen Guns, which being refuled, he writ to our En- voy at the Grand IDukes Court, who was anlwer'd by the Sccre- A Difpute a- tary of State, that fince Sir Thomas T)ilkes was not more than a boutihsiaime Rear- Admiral, what he had demanded could not be granted, for at Livorne. ^.j^^^ ^.j^^ Caftlc at Livome never had fainted the Flag of any Crowned Head firft, but luch as were either Admirals, or Vice- Ad- mirals ; and that as to the Number of Guns he demanded. Sir Cloudejly Shovell, though Admiral of the Fleet of Great Britain^ was contented with eleven, and anfwer'd the Salute with the fame. Captain Hicks, as I have faid, being at the Head of the Squa- dron, he took care to condudt the Tranfports to Spain, and coming to Lisbon the 7th oi March, there he received Orders to put the Ships under his Command into the beft Condition he could agaiuft: the Arrival of Sir John Leake, Admiral of the Fleet, from Eng- land, of whofe Proceedings I Ihall give an Account, after I have looked homeward for fome time, and informed you what was done in the Chanel, Soundings, and off of 'Dunkirk. Chap. II ,'l I Chap. XXVI. from the Tear 1 6 ^S, to ij 12. 737 Chap. XXVI. Conta'intyig ayi Account of Sir Stafford Fairborn'.v Expedi- tion to the River Charcnte j as alfo of his Proceedmgs zuitb a Squadron off of ORend, when part of our Army laid fiege to that Place j and -what was done by Sir Thomas Hardy in the Soundings. WHEN Sir Stafford FairborUy Vice- Admiral of the Red, had in the Month oi April been haftening out Ships from the River Mediziay^ he came to Spitbead^ and there making all pofTi- ble Dilparch in getting the Squadron ready with which he was to proceed into \hc Soundings, he was under Sail the 14th of the afore- faid Month o^ April with two Third Rates, three Fourths, and one Fifth, being to join two other Third Rates at Tlimoiith, as alio the Centurion of fo Guns, if there, and another of 40, he having or- der'd the Milford to follow him. His Inftrudtions from the Lord High Admiral were to proceed, with all pofTible Secrecy, to the Mouth of the River Charcnte, and to ule his utmoft Endeavours to take, or dcftroy liich Ships orVeflels as the Enemy might be fitting out from Rocbefort, which commonly lie before the Mouth of the laid River to take in their Guns, Stores, and Provifions. When he had done his utmoft in this Attempt, he was to ccnfi- dcr at a Council of War what farther Service might be perlbrmcd a- gaiuft the Enemy in the Bay, or on the French Coaft eHewhere, and to endeavour to put in Execution what Ihould be agreed on, fb as to return by the middle of May to TTimcntb, in regard there might by that lime be occafion for the Ships under his Command for other Services. By contrary Winds he was obftruftcd a confidcrable time from putting thcle Inftrud:ions in Execution, but at length he got off of the River Charente, and had a fair Prolped:, if theWinds would have permitted, to have burnt the Enemy's Ships before Rochclle, a Dif- pofition being to that purpofc made ; but, thus fruftratcd, he re- turned to ^Plimonth the 17th o'i May, with ibme imall Prizes taken between the Ifles oi Rhd and Olcron, where with their Boats they alio took and deftroyed ten trading Veflcls. He lay not long at 'Plimoiitb e'er he had Orders to come to the "l^o'wns., where, on the 30th oi M-zy, he received Inftrudtions to re- pair G(r of 0//end, with four Ships of the Third Rate, three of the Fourth, four of the Fifth, one Firclhip, two Bomb-Veftlls, two Bri- g.mtines, and as many Sloops. And fmce part of the Army in Flanders was to be (ictached to Of end, in order to oblige that Gar- riibn to declare for Kinu^Cbarles the Third of Spain, he was to em- ploy the Ships in fuch nianncr as might heft conduce to the Reduc- tion of the laid Place, holding Correlpondence wiih the Commander in Chief of the Forces before it. And if the Duke of Marlborough B b b b b Ihould 170(7. Sir Stafford F.iirborn f^nt iv'ith a Squa- dron off of Rochefort. He returns to i'limouth ii'ith fome Prizes. Sir Stafford F.iirborn fcnt cfo/Ollcnd. \ Newport at tempted. Oftend he flexed. 738 Naval TratifaEi iovs of /Z76^£ngliili, BookV. ( fliould be preienr, he was ro foUou' his Orders, in cafe his Grace j ( Ihould rhink it proper to employ the Squadron on any other Service | , befides that of Ojtend. |l Purfuanr to thelb Inftrudtions Sir Stajford Fairhorn proceeded " over to OJiend, and ftood in lo near that the Town fired upon him; , but after he had anlwer'd them in the fame manner, he came to an |: Anchor within two Miles of the Place, which was as near as the |. Banks would permit, when lending his Lieurenanr on fliore, he brought him an Account that the Duke of Marlborough was at Tbielt, and that Monfieur yluve) querque was marching the 6th of June with a Body of fifteen thouiand Men to cut off all Commu- nication between Newport and OJlciid^ as allb that iome Battalions were marching down to the Water fide, Woflward of the Town, io as to make themlclves Mafters of ail the Sluices. The firft Attempt was made on Neisjport, to which Place, at the Defire o'i'M.ox\(\<:vi.x Aircerqucrque^ Six Stafford Fairhorn fent three Imall Frigates, to prevent their being lupply'd with Provifions by Sea, and kept in the mean while his Icffer Ships in conflant Mo- tion on the Windu ard Tides, to prevent any thing going into, or coming out of the Harbour oi OJiend:, but loon after it v\as thought mofl proper to block up Newport, while the Siege oi OJiend wzs carrying on, where Monfieur J^//rfr^«cr6?a^ lay encamped with his firft Line within random Shot, the Iccoud Line fronting NeiLporty and his Quarters were at Fort Albert. The Entrance of the Harbour being long, narrow, and crooked, whatever Ship or VefTel attempted to go in would be much expofed to the Platform of Guns lb that there feemed but little hopes of at- tempting any thing againft the Ships by Sea, which lay all in a CIu- fter dole to the Key, on the back, fide of the Town ; but there were Letters in the Camp which infinuated, that as foon as the Trenches were opened, the Batteries railed, and fbme Bombs thrown into the Place, the Sjaniatds in Garrifbn, affifted by the Seamen and Burghers, would oblige the French Battalions to yield. Monfieur Aitverquerque acquainting Sir Stajford Fairhorn that the Enemy had drawn lorae of their Troops together at Fumes, un- der the Marfhal Villeroy., and that he was of Opinion two or three Frigates might be of Service, by hindering their Foot or Horle from palling the Gut at Newport,, he accordingly difpatched Ibme fmall Ships thither, not but that he was of Opinion the Sands which lay ofT would prevent their Shot reaching the Shore. It was now thei6th of June, and the Trenches were not open- ed, for want of a fufficicnt Number of Fafcines, but that was done next Day within Piftol-lhot of the Countcrfcarp, the Enemy killing and wounding about forty Men, and the Colonel of the Train was fhot through the Thigh. The 19th, before break of Day, three Shallops, fuppofed to come from ^Dunkirk, got into OJicnd, uotwithftanding there were fix of our finall Frigates and Vefixls clofe with the Shore to theWcftward, J«f76ftend. and eight Boats upon the Guard. The Wind being from off the Land, by the help of that, and a ftrong Tide in their favour, they ihot The Trenches opened. Some Boats get Chap. XXVI, fromtheTcar 16^8, to \-} 12. 73^ fliot to the Eaftward of the Boats, through the Fire of feveral of them, and of a whole Bartahon drawn up along the Shore; but had there been a Battery to the Eaftward oi OJhnd, which Sir Stafford Fairborn propolcd when the Army came firft before the Place, we might have had as much Command of the Entrance of the Port as the Enemy, who had already fiung againfl the Army and Trenches near nine rhouland Shot, and two hundred Shells, and made iuch a continued Fire with their fraall Arms, that it was to be wondcr'd there was not more Miichief done. Our Batteries being finifhed we began to play upon the Enemy at once with forty five great Cannon, twenty imaller, and thirty fix Mortars, as did our two Bomb VcfTcls, lb that the Town was on rhe Town en fire in Icveral Places wirhin a quaricr of an Hour. This made then\A'-e "» many more flack in their firing than before; but the Duke oi Marlborough '''""'' the Lord Raby, (now Earl oi Strajford^ CoumCorULille, the Prince Prince d' Auvcrgne^ and the Prince of HeJJe^ making a Vifit to Mon- fieur Awwrqucrqne, and in the Afternoon entering the Trenches, they fired for Tome time farter than ever, believing the Duke to be -^ '"' f'" there, by the Salutes given to his Grace by all our Ships ; and while '1^''^"^ *K^ he was in the Camp, (which was open to the Town) where he ex- M.uihorough pofed himfeif very much, a Detachment of Grenadiers lodged them- ""^ "''""■^ Iclves, with but little Lois, upon an Angle of the Counterfcarp. The TreLZs'. ' 24th oijnne our Batteries were advanced to the firft Parallel, and a great Number of Troops were lent to make the aforelaid Lodgment larger, lo that on the ifch, when the Town was on fire in many TheCarrifon Place?, they hung our a Flag to capitulate. cafttaUns. When the Army began firft to fire from their Batteries, Sir Staf- ford Fairborn ordered all the fmall Frigates to get under Sail, and (land as dole in with the Shore as poffibly they could, and fire their Broadfides into the Town, which they cffcdtually did, receiving themlclves little damage; and this he intended they lliould daily have done, but they were prevented by the Badnels of the Wea- ther. The Garrilbn furrendering upon fuch Conditions as were thought realbnablc, the 17th in the Morning Count La Motte with the French Troops (amounting to about two thouiand three hundred and fixty Men) marched out of the Town, and the two Spanijh Regiments breaking, every one went to his relpedive home, when Baron Spar, with four T)Htch Battalions, took PofTcfTion of the Place, which was in a manner a heap of Rubbilh. This Affair be- ing over. Sir Stafford Fairborn proceeded to Spithcad with the Englijh and "Dutch Tranlport Ships, and Troops defigned for Spain with the Earl Rivers^ of which I have already given an Account. After Sir Thomas Hardy had been with Sir Stafford Fairborn in the Expedition to Rochefort , and that againft OJlcnd, he was ap- pointed to command a Squadron in the Soundings^ where he cruilcd sir Thomas from time to time for the ProtC(5tion of our Trade, and annoying ^^^'^ """' the Enemy, wherein he had not only the good Fortune to fecure 2""alr"» in ©ur homeward bound Fleets, but to take divers Prizes ; and there the Sound- being fcvcral Ships i'lom India arrived in the Harbour of Cork, he '"S^- B b b b b 2 proceeded 740 NavalTranfaBionsoftheEngVifh, BookV. He brings proccedcd thither, and brought them from thence, after he had lain Eaft-india ^^^^^ ^ confiderable time Wind-bound ; but in his PalTage to Eng- Co:L ^^"^ he met with a violent Storm, which not only feparated and da- maged the Ships, but forced him to bear up for Milford Haieri, in- fomuch that though he failed from Tl'mouth towards Cork the 14th g oi 'December 1706, he arrived not in the ''Downs before the 4ch of ^'° ' March following, having with him five Ships of War, and fixty three Merchant Ships, from whence he returned Wcftward. made then- upon. Chap. XXVII. Conta'tmng an Account of Sir George Byng'i' Proceedings Northzvarci J after a Squadron of French Ships that faded from Dunkirk with the Pretender^ and a Body of Land-Forces which were intended to land in Scot- land. IN the Month of February 1704, there was certain Advice that the Pretender, with a Squadron of Ships, and armed Trooos, Pretender's intended to make an Attempt on Her Majcltys Dominions, and Defigntoin- thereupon Orders were given to S'xr John JemiiHgs , Vice- Admiral Yom.' '^'"^' ^^ "^he Red, to go down the River, and haften the Ships fitting out to the 'Dcwus, as well as others in the River Med'iz'oy. The like The Naval Ordcrs wcrc given the fame Day to Captain ChriJIopher Myngs at Preparations 'Pori/ffiout/j, to (cud away thoIc which were at Sj>ithead, and Sir George Byng was alfo, on the 17th oi February, order'd to Tortf- moutb, to quicken the Ships from thence by two or three at a time, as they fliould be ready, and to take Men (if he found occafion for it) from thofc in the Harbour, and from Merchant Ships. Mr. Baker, Rear- Admiral of the White, was, on the fame Day, ordered to proceed with the Ships at the Nore to the 'Downs, with all poflible Dilpatch, and when there, to keep one or two off of 'Dunkirk for Intelligence; and if the Enemy got out of that Port, he was dire(fled to follow, and endeavour to intercept, or deftroy them ; but if a fuperior Flag-Officer came to the 'Downs, he was to communicate thefe Orders to him, that fo he might put them in Execution. The lid of February Sir John Jennings was order'd immediately to repair to the 'Downs, and from thence off of Dunkirk ; and when he had difcovered what the Enemy were doing there, he was, as Winds and Weather might permit, to repair to the Flats of the Foreland, the 'Downs, Rye-Bay, or fuch other Station as he Ihould judge moft proper for intercepting them, if he found they proceed- ed cither Weft ward. Northward, or up the River of Thames, but to return off of 'Dunkirk when the Weather would permit, and in the mean Chap.XXVU, from thcTcar 16^^, to 1712. 741 niean while to leave proper Ships there ro bring him early Intelli- gence. If he had Advice they were got out to Sea, he was to fol- low them as far as they Ibould go, and endeavour to take or de- flroy them ; and it was alfo recommended to him ro inform hira- felf from HoLland^ what Ships of the States- General were in a Rea- dineis to join with Her Majcfty's. and to acquaint the Commander of them with his Infl:ru(5tions and Rendezvous : Buc if Sir George Byug, then Admiral of the Blue, arrived timely in the T^oizns from Spithead., he was to ferve under his Command, and he to put thefe Oidcrs in Execution. The next Day, bein^ the x^d oi February^ the Lord High-Ad- miral, Prince George of 'Denmark^ fcnt Inftrudtions to Sir George Byng^ to leave Orders with the Lord IDurJlcy, that if the French Squadron appeared in Sight oi Spit he ad, with an Eaftcrl)' Wind, he with the Snips under his Command Miould endeavour to go rhrough the Needles, in order to join tliofe coming from ''Pirmojith with Cap ain flovenden JValkcr*, ci'hcr at that Port, or in Torhay., and, when fo joined, to come Eaflward, and do his utmoft to take, fink, or otherwiie d^ilroy them, ihould they arfcmpt any thing at P"rtf- motitb ; and on the a4th Orders were lent to Sir "johti Jennings^ that if the Enemy got out with an Eaftcrly Wind, and ftjod Weft- wardj before the Ships from 'Tortfrnoutb could joiu hira, and that they were too ftrong for thofe under his Command, he ihould en- deavour not only to keep between them and our Ships at Spithcad, but to join them as foon as poffiblc, lending one of his befl: Sailers thither, with notice of his Approach, that fo they might be in an immediate Readmels. Sir George Byng arriving in the Tiowns the id oi March 1704, and there being reaion to believe that the Enemy's Ships were bound uwai judged to Scotland, Orders were fent him next Day to confider at a Coun- '''^. ^^^"^'1 cil of War where he might befl: come to an Anchor, or cruilc for to'It'd^'Uh intercepting them, if they proceeded Northward, or attempted to 'he Pretender come on the Coaft of England, or to go Wcftward through the '" Scotland. Chanel. And when he iliould be joined by Captain IVulker from St. Helen's^ he was to confider if he had Strength lufficient to di- vide the Ships into two Squadrons, and if fo, how they might be beft employed for preventing the Enemy's getting out oilDunkhk, and intercepting thofe which it was apprehended were coming to that Port from Breji, wherein he \\as to govern himfclf according to what Ihould be determined. Having thus given an Account of what was done towards getting a Number of Ships together to oppoie the Defigns of the Pretender, and his Friend the French King, and brought Sir George Byng to the Head of the Squadron, it remains that 1 acquaint you with his Proceedings before and after the Enemy got out of 'Dunkirk. The xrtth in the iMorning, (having tiicn with him three Ships of the Third Rate, twelve of the Fourth, fix of the Fifth, three of the Sixth, and a Fircihip) he called a Council of War, and 'twas re- * Afterwards a Fla^-Officf. folvcd ! 742 NavalTranfaBionsoftheEnglifh, BookV. s;V George folved to proceed immediately with all the Ships into Grave/m tldm''-sZ''t'er ^'^•^' ^^ ^^ °^ Tiunkirk, to take the beft View, or gain the beft "LTfetenZ Intelligence that polTibiy might be of the Enemy; and not know- to the coaji of j,,^ whcthcr any Ships were joined from Brejt, he defircd to be IX't'sof ftrengthcned, efpecialiy with fome of Force. outof\)m- It falling calm on the Ebb in the Evening, he was obliged to kirk. anchor within the South Foreland., but next Morning, at four a Clock, he weighed again, with very little Wind at South, and flrctchcd over to Gravelm 'PitSy where he got Advice of the Enemy's Strength by the Men of a Filliing-Boat taken near the Shore, and that the 17th in the Evening, after he came to an Anchor, the King oi England (as they called him) came to Graicitn with two Poft Chaifes, in his way to 'Dunkirk, where they daily expcdted Ships from Breft. Upon confuking the Flag Officers with him, who were S\r John Jennings, Vice- Admiral of the Red, the Lord Durjlcy, Vice Ad- miral of the Blue, zndi John Baker 'E,{(\-^ Rear Admiral of the White, it was judged advifeable, while the Winds were Wcflcrly, and likely to blow, to ride in Gravelin Tits, both for the Security of the Squadron, and that they might lie in the way of the Ships from BreJt, mean while to fend a Frigate to Holland, with notice to the Deputies of the States that he was there, if they ihould think it proper to fend any Ships to join him. With a Imall Frigate he went within two Miles oi Flemijh Road, and had a good Sight of the Enemy's Ships, which he counted to be twenty feven in all, fmall and great, one of which he took to be a Ship of 60 Guns, and three of about 50, the reft fmaller, all lying with their Toplails loofc, the ulual Sign of their being ready to fail ; befides which he law between forty and fifty within the Heads above the Forts, two or three of which feemed to be pretty large Ships, but difcovered not more in the Ba/in than three, one of them unrigg'd, and another with a White Flag at her Main-top- maft Head. If not any of the Enemy's Ships appeared from the Weft ward, and the Weather was favourable, he had thoughts of fliifting Roads, and to lie for a Day or two off oi Dunkirk, in the fair way for the o- ther Chanel, to oblerve their Motions ihould they come our, which if they did not attempt in that time, the Spring was fo far over, that he judged they could not do any thing until the next, inlb- much that he then intended to proceed to the Doiz'ns, a Road of much greater Security ; but in this, and all other Movements he made, he refolved to take the Opinion of the Flag-Officers ; and fmce the Enemy were not joined by any Ships from BreJt, (at leaft he judged fo from their Strength at Dunkirk) he had not yet fent to Holland for a Re in forcemeat. The ift oi March the Wind coming more Wcfterly, and it fcem- ing as if it would be dirty Weather, he, purluant to the Opinion of the Flag-Officers, plied out oi Gravelin Roads to the Weft ward, and the next Day ftood over to the Do'Vims ; for as the Squadron was fitted out in a Hurry, and confequcntly wanted Provifions, Stores, Water, Chap. XX Vll froni the Tear 1 6 98, f^ 1 7 1 2. 74.3 Ware, and oihcr NeccfTarics to enable chcm to follow the Encmr, he took the Opportunity of conning to our own Coaft, that fo they n^.iglu be luppli.d. Boiorc he lelt Giaveltn he law the fame Num- ber of Ships in Flemijb Road, and in the Harbour wichin the Peers, as he had done before, the latter whereof he judged could not come out until the next Spring-Tides, cfpccially the bigger Ships, but that thole in Fkrnijh Road might go to Sea from che Eaftcrn Cha- nel, lo that there was no Chance of preventing them, but by lying on the backfide of the Sands o'CTiiinkirk^ where it was thought the Squadron would be too much expofed to the Weather lo early in the Year; bcfidcs, fliould any Ships come from 5rt//, he judged himfclf in a fairer way in xkit'^Do'Juns to intercept them, having pla- ced three Scouts, one without the other, from x\\q Nejfe over to Boulogne Bay, with Orders to make Signals, To as that he might have tmieiy notice. Bcfides w hich, he had Tent two Ships of fo, one of 40 Guns, and two Sixth Rates off of the back of the Sands, of 'Dunkirk^ to look into the Road that way, and wichal to ob- serve if there u-ere any Cruifcrs of theirs on that Station, and after they had msde what Dilcovcries they could to join, him ; and three Days before he had lent a Frigate to Holland to acquaint the Depu- ties of the Stares that he was off of Gravelin, that ib what Ships they intended to add to cur Squadron might be ordered to repair to him ; and he dcfned that Advice might be alio lent to Holland by the wav of Harwich, that he was in the 'Doizins. One of his Scouts fpoke with a Dogger that came fix Days be- fore from Nantes, whole Maftcr faid, it was there reported the Ar- mament .iX.T>Hukirk was dcfigncd iot Scotland, and that mzuy Iriffj, and others, were gone from that part of the Country to embark in if, io that he was of opinion that what the Filhermen, who were ibme Days before taken on the French Coaft, laid relating to the Pretender, was true ; for at the fame time they affirmed he went through Gravelitiy he himfelf law them fire the Guns rouud the Town. By a Letter of the zd o^ March he gave an Account that the Wind was come about to the Eaft, and that he was of opinion the Ships in Flnntjh Road could not proceed on any Defign very loon, ihould it ib continue, for which realbn he thought the Service no ways ob- truded by his remaining in the ^Doians , until he could have the Prince's Orders for his farther Proceedings; and the next Day it blew very frclii at North- Ealf, with drilling Weather. i he 5 th of March he owned the Receipt of Orders from his Royal Highncls to govern himlelf as a Council of War Ihould think molt adviieable, and Captain JValker having joined him with feme Ships from the Wcftward, as alio the Bedford, a Third Rare, from Tortjmonth, himlelf and the other Flag Officers were of opinion, a council of that for rhc better preventing any of the Enemy's Ships joining ^var held. thofe at "Dunkirk, and obferving fuch as were at that Port, the whole Squad; on iliould proceed over to Gravelin Tits the 8th Day of this Month, the Tides beginning rhcn to lift, and after having viewed the Pollure of the Enemy there, either to lie with the greateft part of 744 NavalTranfaclionsoftheJingMfh, BookV. ot the Ships off of the North Chanel of T>nf!kirk, or to keep un- der fail, as fliould be thought moft fafe, and that at the fame time feme others fnould be feut to cruile between Beachy and DieppCy to intercept the Enemy's Ships which might come from Wejl France^ or to give him notice if they got fight of them, that fo lie might endeavour to prevent their joining thofe at 'Dniikhk. The 6ch in the Morning one of his Scouts made the Signal of fec- in(» Ships VVeftvvard, upon which he immediately unmoored, and got under Sail ; and as he was dilpatching his Letter to give an Account of this to the Lord High-Admiral, he received Advice from Major- General Cadogan, by his ^i^ de Ca',np, who left OJlend the 4th at Night in a Sloop, that the Pretender arrived at 'Dunkirk the loth, I'raen/er ' N. S. aud that fiftceu French Battalions, commanded by the Count from General (fg Qace, being to cmbark for Scotland^ he had, in purfuance of Her <-'i'iogan. iviajcfty's Commands, provided Shipping at Bruges^ for ten Batta- lions, which Ihould be ready to fail by the i8th, or 19th, N. S. and defired he would appoint fuch a Convoy as he judged neccfTary to ibe them fafe to Great Britain. He alfo acquainted him that he was informed from the Penfionary of Holland eight of their Ships were ready to join him, whofe Rendezvous was Schoon-Velde, on the Coaft oi 'Zealand \ and with this Letter the Major-General lent him an Account of the Enemy's Ships at Dunkirk ^ which he aflured him he might depend upon. Befides this, the Gentleman who brought thefe Dil]-)atchcs ac- quainted him, that after he had parted fiom the General, he was informed by the Governor oi OJiciid that the Enemy had embarked all their Troops, but that when our Squadron appeared off of Grave- ling they put them on Ihore again ; that fmce his failing thence, they were ordered to cmbark a iccond time, and, as he believed, might in a Day or two be all ready to fail. When Sir George Byng received this Intelligence, the Wind blew frcfli at S. W. by W. and he intended to proceed immediately to 'Dunkirk^ or to govern himfelf as the Weather would permit, ib as that he might be able to do the belt Service ; but it blew ib very frelh South-Wefterly all that Day, and the next Morning, as to put by the Cruifers he had ftationed Wcflward, which in tliick Weather, our ships fall at Six in the Morning, had fallen in with eleven Sail, and were with- in with fame in Guu ihot of iomc of them. They judged them to be five from of the Enc- ^^ j.^ ^q Guus, thc othcrs of Imaller Force, and were chafed by '"'"' them till they came in fight of our Squadron. Upon the Signal which thele Cruifers made. Sir George Byng immediately weighed, and flood over towards thc Enemy's Ships, which flretchcd away for Gravelin 'Pits, and were fb far a-head, that he judged it to no purpofc to purfue them, fo that he purpoled to lie off the North Chanel of 'Dunkirk ^ to prevent their proceeding to Sea from thence. When it was Night he came to an Anchor between Dover and Calais, it being then dead Calm ; but before it was Day a very frcfli Gale fprung up at E. N. E. which obliged him to continue at an An- chor until thc Windward Tide was made, when he got under Sail, but Chap. XX VII. fi^om thcTear i6^S,to i'ji2. 74.5 but it blew fo hard, that he could not fetch into ihe'DowNs, where- fore ftanding for '^Dovcr Road, and finding the Sea run very hi^^h, and that it was likely the Wind would encreaie, he bore away with the Fleer, and for their greater Security came to an Anchor under 'Dungenefs . By a Letter dated the 8th of Alarch, at Night, he gave me an Account, for the Information of the Lord High- Admiral, that being in Expcd:ation of ibmcwhat better Weather, though the V/ind was ftill frcfli at E. N. E. he was preparing to lail the next Flood, and that, il" pofTible, he fhould ply to Windward to the North Chanel oi 'Dunkirk to watch the Motions of the Enemy; and by another Letter, dated the 9th, at Nine in the Morning, he informed me that four Ships of War of the States-General bad joined him, and that he was {landing, with a fine Gale at S. by Weft, along the back of the Sands between Calais and Tiunkirk, where he hoped to dil- cover the French Ships in the Afternoon : But upon his coming ofT of that Port, he had Advice they lailcd the 7th at Night, and the ^-t-ceofihe Mafter of a Packet-Boat gave him an Account that the next Night ^''"^ "^ '''* he anchored by them in Nc-JL-port Tits, about which time they made Signals, and flicwed many Lights, fo that he believed they iailed then from thence, for continuing at an Anchor until Day-light, he law no more of them, but paffing by Flemijh Road diicovered nine with their Sails loofe. ► A Council of War being called, they confidered the Advice Sir ^ council of George Byng had received from Major-General Cadogan^ with that ^'"' ''"^^' from my {t\i by Command of the Prince, and they were of opi- nion the Enemy were deflgned for Scotland \ but fmce they had no particular Account at what Place in that Kingdom they intended to land, it was uuanimoufly determined to leave Rear- Admiral Baker, with his Divifion, behind them, together with four Ships of War that had juft joined the Fleet, that fo he might correlpond with Major- General Cadogan at OJiend, and cither with the whole Squadron, Englijh and Dutch, and fuch other Ships as ihould join him, con- voy the Troops which might be dcfigncd for England or Scotland, ^^fo^-->t^i to or appoint fuch part of them to do the iame as he Ihould judge iiif s7otTandd//«r ficient, and with the reft to repair alter the Fleet, as, upon confi- •'.£ Pretender. dering Circumftances of Affairs, lliould be thought moft advifeabJe. And it was farther refolvcd to proceed with the Remainder of the Ships in Purfuit of the Enemy, firft to the Road oi Edenburgh, and from thence according to luch Intelligence as Ihould be gained of them. The 13 th oi March in the Morning the French Fleet were difco- 7-^, prench vercd in the Mouth oi' the Frith oi Edenburgh, off of which Place 'Hfcovend in Sir George Byng anchored the Night before, and fent a Boat on Ihore Eje'iiburgh^ to the Ifle of May, from whence he had an Account that they came to an Anchor the mh in the Afternoon ; that they had fent one Ship up to Leith with a Flag at Main top-maft-head, but that by the time Ihe could get before the Town, they heard Guns fired in the manner of Salutes, which were ours for coming to aa Anchor. C c c c c This 7+6 NavalTrafifattionsoftheEnglifh, BookV. This Ship came down in the Morning, and was within two Leagues *of our Squadron, being, as it was judged, of about 60 Guns, but flie had tlien no Flag abroad : Not but that when the Enemy weigh- ed, a Flag was fcen at Main-top mafthead on board one of their Ships, and as they flood from Sir George Byng^ he made the beft of his way after them, with all the Sail he could ; but this Advan- tage they had of him, that all their Ships were clean, and moft of ours foul. He chafed them as far Northward as Buchanuefs^ and fometimes ehlfef'/o'lu- with reaibnable hopes of coming up with them, but having no clean channels. Ships, cxccpt the T>over^ commanded by Captain Thomas Mat- the'oi's, and i\ic Lndlo'iv Cajile by Captain Nicholas Haddock, they were the firft which came up with part of the Enemy's Squadron, pafllng by fome of their Imaller to reach their bigger Ships, in hopes of Hopping them until they could be ftrengthened. Thcll- two Ships engaged two or three of the French, one of which was the Salts- bury, of fo Guns, formerly taken from us, nor parted they with them until more of ours came up in the Night , but worked in a very handfome manner fo as to cut them off from the reft ; yet when it was very dark they loft Sight of all but the Salisbury, and ihc falling in amongft the headmoft of ours, the Leopard, com- manded by Captain Thomas Gordon, fent his Boat firft on board, and The SaiiiiHuy took PofTeflion of her, where there were found the Pcrfons here- taken, with ^f^gj. mentioned, viz. feveral Offi- The Marquis de Levi, Lieutenant- General, and his y^id de Camp. The Marquis de Mens, Colonel of the Regiment o^ Agenois. Monficur Faverolles, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment of yluxerrois. Monfieur Monteron, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment of Lu- xembourg. Monfieur du Guay Sccqueville, Captain of the Regiment oi Lu- xembourg. Monfieur de Beaufort, Captain of the Regiment of Beam. Monfieur de Clerval, Captain of the Regiment of Beam. Monfieur de Blieux, Captain of the Regiment of Beam, and Ad- jutant. The Sieur Ouchan, Lieutenant of the Regiment of Bear-n. The Sieur d'Engny, lecond Lieutenant of the Regiment oi Beam. Monfieur de Salmon, Captain in the Regiment of Thierache. Befides fifteen IriJ}) Lieutenants of the Regiment of O Brian, for- merly Lord Clare's. Five Companies of the Regiment of Beam, and other inferior Of- ficers. Monfieur de Segent, Commiffary of War, The Chevalier de Nanges, Captain of the Ship, and feveral Sea- Officers. The Lord Clerimont, Colonel in the Regiment oi Lee. Mr. Middleton, Captain in the Regiment of Nugent. The Lord Griffin. All Sec. Chap.XXVII. frojutheTear i6^^>,toi-]i2. 74.^ All that the Admiral could Icarn from them was, that there were twelve Battai'ons on board their Squadron, commanded by the Count ivhatperfons de Gace^ a Marflial of F;^/7;;r^, and that the Pretender, the Lord ""^r« «"/^ /A& MiddLetoii, Lord Terth, the Mac Tioiiells, Captain Trevanion, and ^'''""''"■ fcver.il other Officers and Gentlemen, were on board the Mars^ in which Ship Monfieur F(?«r^//V, who commanded the Squadron, was. The Morning after this Chale there were but eighteen of the E- ncmy's Ship^ iccn, and they as far off" as they could be diicovered from the Maft-head, in the E. N. E. of our Squadron, lb that the Admiral having no Profpedl of coming up with them, he lay ofF and on, near Buchannefs^ all Day the 14th, to gather his Ships to- gcrhcr. The next Mornfng it blew hard North Eaftcrly, which made a great Sea, and he judging the French could not feize the Shore to make any Attempt, bore up Tor L^/V/^, which was thought oursquadrtn moft rcalbnable, not only to Iccure, btit to give Countenance and ''"'"'"' " Spirit to Her Majefty's faithful Subjedls, and difcouf-age thofc who had, wirhou'" doub"", a Dcfign to fide with the Enemy. There him- felf, Sir Jofjii Jemiings, and the Lord 'Durjley determined to remain until he could have an Anfwer to the Letter he wrote to England^ which he lent by Expreis, unlefs they had Intelligence, or fhould have reaibn to believe the French were on the Coafl:. The 1 6th a Council of War was held in the Road oiLeith^ when the Wind was coming about to the S.V\' . and the Flags confidering where thcFref/ch might probably attempt to land, or which way our Squadron might proceed, with mod Probability of preventing any Deflgn they might have, it was their opinion that if they Hiould go Northward, and the Wind come up ftrong Wefterly, it might hinder their gain- ing the Firth of Forth, and that fince the Enemy were probably driven to the Southward of it, (which they thought was of the great- eft Importance to fccure) and were at firft found at Anchor in the laid Firth, it was reaibnable to believe they intended tor Edenhirghj the Metropolis; lo that it was determined to remain in Leith Road until there Ihould be Advice of their returning on the Coaft, or that an Anlwcr could be received to the Expreis difpatched to the Lord High-Admiral, but that, in the mean while. Scouts fliould be kept out between the firth znd Aberdeen, and all pofllble means ufed to gain Intelligence from the Shore, in order whercunto the Admiral defired the" Earl o^ Lev en to fend fome trufty Pcrlbns Northward towards the Firth of Murray. The 13d of March he received Orders, dated the 19th, to fend two Fourth Rates, and three Fifths with the Prifoners into the Ri- ver of Hiimbrr, and thcT)o'wns, and with the reft of the Squadron to proceed to Sea, and guard the Coaft of Scotland; whereupon filling a Council of War, it was relblved that as loon as the Pri- loners could be removed,- the Squadron Ihould proceed olTof 5«- channefs, and that there th Admirale lliould lend on fliore for Intel- ligence of the Enemy, but that if there could not be any Account gained of them by that means, or by his Scout?, he fliould ply it up again towards the Firth of Edenburgh. C c c c c r Not Downs. Remarks. '- - 748 NavalTnwfa3ionsofthcEng\i(h, BookV. Not being able to get any Advice, either by Sea or Land, of the French Squadron , and the Provifions in that under his Command growing very fliort, he received Orders the beginning of Jf/ri/ tp sir George return to the T>0'x.'f/s, but to leave three Ships to cruile on the Coaft Byng reteives QfScotlatidy to prevent Correfpondcnce between diiaffedcdPerfons of ToiTto 'the thatKingdom niu^Fratice. Accordingly he appointed xhcBonadventurCy Mermaid^ and Squirrel for that Service, and arrived in the 'Downs the i6th oi April-, with three Third Rates, thirteen Fourths, (of which the Salisbury 'Prize was one) two Fifths, a Sixth, and a Firefliip, having appointed lome Frigates to convoy Recruits jfrom Scotland to Holland. Thus was the CheyaHcr de St. George (as the French have fmcc termed him) prevented in landing in a Kingdom to which he doubt- lels had ftrong Invitations from lome, who, too much inclined to No- velties, (avoiding a more h»lh ExprelTion) dilreliihed Her Majefty's Government, and who afforded not themfclves leilure to confider, that the Mcafures they were thus bhndly taking, would have de- prived them of thofe valuable Rights and Liberties they enjoyed un- der a Proteftant Prince, and infallibly have lubjedtcd them, in little time, to a mean and a.h}c£t Slavery : For it is not tp be imagined the French King at this time beftirred himfelf thus purely in favour of the Pretender, but that by introducing into Her Majefty's Realms an ungenerous, as well as an unnatural War, he had hopes of paving himfelf a way to the Cpnqueft not only oi Scotland, but oi England and Ireland too, and thereby of fixing a more Iblid Foundation idt his infatiable Ambition. But that the Monarch oi France might be convinced we were not afleep while he was making thefe Preparations for the pretended Ser- vice of the Chevalier, there were (bcfides the Ships appointed tp Troops rtad-j obfetve his Motions) ten Battalions ihipped ofTfrom Bruges^ to be '"^"S'^'j,^"" commanded by LieutenantGcneral /F/r/^frj, and being conducted t ssoccajwn. ^^ Rear- Admiral Baker to Tinmouth, they lay there in a conftant Readinefs to be tranfported to Scotland, or to any other part of Her Majefty's Dominions where the Troops fent from France might be put on 111 ore. 1708. When the French Squadron had beat to and fro at Sea, until they judged ours were gone off the Coaft, they made the beft of their The Pretender way to Dunkirk, and on the 25th of Marchy in the Morning, iome of our Ships, which were cruifing near to that Port, under the Com- mand of Captain Griffith, got Sight of them, being fourteen in Num- ber, one with a White Flag at Main top-naaft Head ; but they draw- ing into a Line of Battel when our Ships ftood towards them, and being much liiperior in Strength, ours kept their Wind, fo that get- ting into the Harbour, they landed the Pretender, that ib he might be at hand when the French King (hould judge it for his own Ad- vantage to fend him on a leqoad £xpediciOQ of tbe liKc Nature. nturns to France, Chap. Chap. XXVIII. fro}?i theTeari 6 ^S, to i^i 2. 74^ Chap. XXVIII. ContatHtHg an Account of Sir John Leake'^ Proceedings vnth the Fleet tn the Mediterranean ; hn landing the ^leen of Spain and Troops at Barcelona; the Surren- der (?/ Sardinia J as alfo the taking the Town andCafile of Mahon, while Sir Edward Whitaker was at the Head of a Squadron^ with the Troops under the Command of General Stanhope. HAving related what of Confequcnce happened at home, (for to enumerare all things here which happened in the Chatiel be- tween fingle Ships of ours and the Ships of War or Privateers of the Enemy, would be too tedious) I come now to the Fleet, which was equipping for Service abroad under the Command of Sir John Leake ^ who on the xyth oi March arrived therewith zt Lishvy sir ]oba having in his way thither feea the Merchant Ships bound to f^irgi- Leake ar- nia, and the Canaries, with their refpedive Convoys, well into the ," j"F/«/*r Sea, and taken care for the Security of others dcfigned to the Ports Liftou. in Portugal. Here he found the Ships with Captain Hicks, which were fourteen of the Third Rate, befides fmall frigates and Bomb- Vcffels, and at a Council of War it was refolved, that as fbon as the Tranlports were ready to receive the Horfc on board, the Fleet (hould proceed to Vado, and that luch of the Ships of War as could not be got ready by that time, ihould follow to Barcelona , where there would be Orders left how they ihould farther proceed : But as for the 'Dutch Ships, they were all feparatcd in bad Weather be- tween England and Lisbon. It was alio determined, at the Defire of the King or 'Portugal, to appoint the IVarfpight^ Rupert, and Triton to cruife off of the 'Terccra or Azores Iflands, for the Se- curity of His Majcfty's Fleet expeded from Brajil; nor was there care wanting to guard the Strcights Mouth, left otherwifc our Trade fhould luffer by the Enemy's Cruifers, or Privateers. The procuring Tranlport Ships, and putting them into a Condi- tion for receiving the Horfc, took up a confiderable time, but on the 13d oi jlpril the Admiral was ready to fail with as many as could carry fifteen hundred, with one Second Rate, twelve Thirds, two Fourths, a Fire. hip, Bomb VeHcls, ^c. together with twelve Ships of the Line of Battel of Stares General ; and upon Advice from Co- lonel Elliot, Governor of Gibraltar, and from other hands, that Ibme Ftench Ships of War were iccn cruifmg off of the Streights Mourh, one Third, and one Fourth Rate, and another oi x.\\c'T>iitchy were appointed to ftrengthcn thofc before ordered to ply up and down in that Station. The i8th oi April the Admiral failed from the River of Lisbon, sir John and being off of Gibraltar the 4th of i^^v, he cxpcAed to be joined Leake /-«/» . there "^'''"* 50 NavalTranfadions of the Englifh, Book V- The Happy there by the Burford and Naff an, two Ships of the Third Rate, which he had fent to land the Ambaflador from the Emperor of JSlorocco^ and after they had fo done, to cruile about the Streights Month ; but Ibnie Days before he got thither they met with, and engaged, offof Cape Spartel^ a Ship of 50 Guns, called the Happy | ReturJi^ (which the French had fome time before taken from us) ihe being convoy to lome Trade bound from JSIarfiiUes to JVejl France. The faid Ship they took, but thoie of the Merchants made Return ; ■ ■ L r'rencli nier in l^.riuging her Bowiprit, and the latter in her Rigging, that the Admiral found it necefTary to fend them into Port to refit ; but while they were on the Station, they forced a Privateer on fliore of X4 Guns, which the French burnt, and took another with a Letter of Mart of 30 Guns. In his Paflage up the Streights he appointed three Ships of the Third Rate to proceed a-head 10 yllic ant, which, after they had landed iomc Money there for the ufc of the Army, were to repair to Barcelona, that by them the King of Spain might have notice the Fleet was advancing up the Streights. When he was about twelve Leagues from Alicant he had Sight of fevcral VefTels, which at firfl: he took to be Filhing-boats, till iceing fome Guns fired, he made the Signal for chafing, but there being little V/ind the remaining part of the Day, and all Night, our Ships could not then come up with any of them. Next Morning he had Advice that the Imall VefTels, about ninety in all, were Sa^- ,tias and 'Tartans, bound with Wheat, Oil, and Barly to Tenifcola^ for the Ufe of the Enemy's Army, under Convoy of three imall -Frigates, the biggeft of 44 Guns, which by the Afllftance of their Oars in a Calm, got away, being likewiie favoured by the Duski- • nels of the Night • but the fmalj Vcffels were not lb fortunate, for feventy two of them were taken, moft of them by the Ships of the Fleet, which continued the Chaie, the reft by Spanijh Privateers. The Admiral arriving at Barcelona the ifth oi May, he there found the iJefiance, Northumberland, Sor lings, and Faulcon y the laft of which, mounted with 31 Guns, had a little before met With a French Frigate of xi, and a hundred and fixty four Men, with which Ihe had a very Iharp Diipute, infbmuch that Captain 'De- laval was flaiu, and forty of her Men killed and wounded. Here the Admiral received a Letter from the King of Spain, by which his Majefty reprelented to him the Conlcquencc of guarding that Coaft, but more efpecially of hindering the Enemy from conveying Several nhips by Sca the NeccfTaries for their Troops on the fide of Tortofa, and defired by Ihe jj^ jj^^ Lawpourdan, as well as for the Prefervation of his own Pcr- upom he Fleet- f^'^^i ihould thc Eucmy have a free PafTage by Sea. His Majefty alio defircd that feven or more Frigates, with Bomb- Vc^cls, might remain before Barcelona, at his Difpofal, and that thc reft of thc Fleet going to the Coaft oi Italy, might with all polTible Speed condudt the Troops dcfigncd for his Service from thence, the Enemy being lb luperior in Catalonia, that thole his Majefly then had were not able to make head againft them ; and it was Seventy tivo Veffeli wiih Pfovifiiins sa ken jrom the Enemy, Captain De laval of the F^ulcou kilfd. coming to Barcelona. Chap. XXVlll. fro?/i theTear 1 6 9S, to 1712. 751 was alio recommended co him to bring the Queen with him, in cafe ihe lliouid be ready to embark by the rime the Troops were put on board, for by Her Majcll:) 's not coming to Barcelona as foon as was expcdlcd, diiafTedtcd Pcrlbns gave out that the King himlclf de- figncd to leave Spahi ; however the timely bringing the Troops was what his Majcfty chicly inflftcd on. The Redu(5tion of the Idand of Sardinia his Majcfty alfo recom- mended to his Confideration, in regard his Army was then in great want of Provifions, which might be furniihed from thence, and that he had hopes the People were very much inclined to render Obedi- ence to him, could they be lupported iu throwing off the Yoke of France. His Majefly alio put him in mind of an Expedition to Sicily, which Kingdom he judged might be recovered with the Troops un- der the Command of Count T>aun.^ who only wanted the AfTiftance of fomc Ships ; but if this did not iuccced according to his Majefty's Exped:ation, yet he judged this good Conlequence might attend it, the driving from the 'Phare ofMeffina, and the adjacent Parts, the Em- barcations which the Enemy had there, and the hindering the Pal- lage of Provifions for the Supply of Naples. Thus this young Monarch, almoft ihut up in the principal City oi Catalonia, was contriving how he might not only enlarge him- felf, but be in a Condition to oppofe his Enemies ; and the Admiral calling a Council of War, where were prefent, bcfides himfclf, S'xr a council of John Norris, Sir Ed'-^'ard JVhitakcr, Sir Thomas Hardy, and three "'"'' ^"■^'^• Englijh Captains, as alio the Baron JVaffenaer .> and two of the 'Dutch, it was determined to leave with the King three Third Rates, one Fourth, and one Fifth of ours, and two Ships of the States- General, and with the refl: of the Fleet to proceed forthwith to the Port of Vado, in order to the trnniporting the Horlc and Foot from thence to Barcelona, as alio her Majelly the Queen of Spain, if Ihe Ihould be ready. According to this Rcfolurion the Admiral failed, and arrived in 5(V jolm Vado Bay the Z9th of May, Init finding above a third part of the ).^"|'^,yJ^j, Hay and Corn for the Horles was ftill at Livorne, he was cou- ftraincd to fend two Tranlport Ships with a Convoy for the fame ; and the Number of Troops defigned from Italy to Spain were near two thouland Horle, and four thouland Foot. By one Mr. Campbell, who had been Matter of a Ship ofGlaf- COISJ, and was relealcd from Imprifonmcnt at Thonlon, he had an Account that there were in that Port the Ships following, viz. in Advice of the Ba(in fifteen of three Decks, and about twenty more from 30 ^Jl't' "^ to 5'o Guns, but all unmaftcd ; in the Harbour three Frigates armed, of 40 and 3x Guns, two of which were Convoy to the Corn-Vcf- fels taken near Alicant , and that all the Ships in the Bajiii were prepared to be funk upon occafion, but that they could not fink them in above three Foot Water more than they drew ; and that the Garrifon confifted of about four thoufand difciplincd Troops, in- cluding Marines, The I 752 NavalTranfaSions of the Englifh, Book V. The ^6th oijnne the Ships of War and Tranfports joined him which he fcnc to L'tvorne for Forage, and the other Traniporc Ships The Fleet re- with the Troops arriving foon after, together with the Queen of t'irnsio Bar- Spain, hc rt3iCht Ed- While the Artillery, and all thins;s necelTary were putting on wardwhita- /liorc for attacking the CaQle oVTo^'t Mahon, Sir Edn-ard fFhi- ^^fJJP ''^' taker ordered a Ship of 70, and another of 5-0 Guns to 'Port For- Ttelle, in order to reduce the Fort there, which they did, after four The Fort at Hours Difpute, it being a ftrong Place with 4 Baflions, n Guns, |^^°'^ ^."f"^"* and garrifoncd by forty French, but the leaft of our Ships was much damaged in her Mails and Yards, and had fix Men killed and twelve wounded ; and to this Harbour all the Tranfport Ships, with the Bomb-VcfTels, v/ere fenr, the Admiral having not had any conveni- ent Place before to fecure them in. Some little time after the General lent a Detachment of about a hundred Spaniards, with three hundred or more of the Marquis 'Tifard's, Regiment to CitadclU, the chief Town of the Ifiand, on citadella /ar- the Weft fide thereof, and Sir Ed'-Ji'ard IVhitaker dilpatchcd two raidtrd. Ships of War thither ; which Place put them to no great Trouble, for the Garrifon immediately furrcndering, were made Prifoners of War, being a hundred French, and as many Spaniards. The 17th of September our People began to play on the Enemy's Lines on the South fide of the Harbour of Mahon, from a Battery of 10 Guns, and after about four Hours Difpute, making themlclves D d d d d Mafters 7 $4 Navalfranfaclmis of the Englifh, BookV. Malters ot all their Out-works, lodged under the very Wails of the Caftle of St. Th'ilip., in which Diiprue wc loft but fix Men, one of whom was Captain Stanhope of the M'lljord, as he was going on with his Brother the General. Thecaliieof Ncxt Day thc Enemy offering to capitulate. Articles were in a Mahon ca^i- jj^j-Jq x.\n\c agreed on, by which the Garrifon were permitted to raarcli '' "'*'■ out with all the Marks of Honour, carrying fix Cannon, and four Mortars ; the French to be tranfported to Thoulon, or the Iflands of Hyeres, and the Spaniards to Valencia. There were about five hundred Marines in the Place, commanded by a Brigadier, and al- inoft the lame Number of Spaniards^ and as they had upwards of a hundred Guns mounted, lo were there between two and three thoufand Barrels of Powder in ftore, with all things neceffary, to- gether with a confiderable Quantity of Provifions ; but the Wives and Children of the Spaniards flying into the Fort, they made al- moft an equal Number with the Garrifon, which probably might occafion their capitulating fo foon, for our Army did not confift of above two thoufand four hundred Men. Being thus pofTcfTed of this Ifland, we had thereby the Advan- tage of a goodly Harbour, which during the War was exceeding ulc- ful to us (as it may hereafter be when there ihall be occafion to make uie of it) in the cleaning and refitting fuch of our Sliips as were employed in the Mediterranean ; and not only Magazines of Stores were lodged there for that purpofe, but (uch Officers appomt- 'cd to refide on thc Place as were judged requifite. Sir Ed'-JDard IVhitaker leaving Mahon the 29th oi September ^ The Squadron ptocecded with the Squadron to Livorne., having appointed a Cou- comti to Li- voy to General Stanhope and the Troops to Catalonia. There he vorne, received a Letter from Mr. Chetwynd, our Minifter at Genoa, giving ^„^ an Account that a Body of a thoufand Troops were ready at Final to embark for thc Service of the King of Spain in Catalonia, and aconvoyfeni as a Convoy was immediately appointed for them, lb was it agreed to Naples, ^j ^ Council of War, that fmce the Squadron could not fud^ enly fail to Naples, for want of the Provifions and Stores which were getting ready at Livorne, the T>ejiance, Tork, and Terrible Firc- Ihip ihould proceed to Tiombino, and their Commanders there con- fider with the chief Officers of the Imperial Troops, what might be moft effedually done to fecure the State delli Trejidi, (a imall Territory on the Coaft of Tufcany, which with the forelaid Tiom- bino on the fame Coaft, belongs to thc Crown oi Spain) as alfo to- wards reducing F*orto Longone and Torto Hercole, on which Ser- vice they were ordered to continue eight Days, and then to proceed diredtly to Naples. Upon a Letter from Cardinal Grimani, Vice-Roy oi Naples, and another from the Marquis de Trie, Minifter of his Imperial Majefty at the Court oi Rome, giving an Account of the Commotions of the faid Kingdom oi Naples, from whence Troops could not pofilbly be Ipared, at this time, for the Service of the King of Spain, and defiring therefore that the Squadron might continue fome time in thole Parts, and endeavour to intercept the Pope's Gallies, and others expedtcd Chap. XXVIII frojii theTcar i6^S, to 1J12. 755 expcded from France, with a confiderablc Number of Men and Arms, which his HoHnefs was then in great want of, as aJfb to countenance the Negotiations of the laid Marquis <3'c Tritf at the Court of Rome, it was determined at a Council of War, held in Li- -Agreed to af. "donie Road the 30th oi Ociober 1708, to remain in thofc Seas ^^shi'J°"" Month longer, if the Service Ihould require it, and that Ships fhould ce^t'Xe'p'o"/! be kept cruifing in the Bocca oi^Fiombino, or thereabouts, to in- halites. tercept the aforementioned Gallies. Notwithftanding three of our Ships had been employed off of Tor to Longonc, on the Ifland of Elba, ever fince Sir Ed'-jvard fVhitaker arrived at Livorne , the German General had not made any Attempt againfl: if, nor fo much as embarked any Troops for that Service ; but the Ships obliged the Enemy to retire from Or- bltcllo, which they were bombarding, and had taken three Towers, which very much annoyed the Place; during which time four of the Pope's Gallics paHlng \>^ Livorne,t\\zTurk zndFirme purfued them, some of the but there being little Wind, they got away by the help of their ^"Z'^"^"'''" Oars. f"'-^'"''- The Imperial Troops were on their March about the middle of November, within forty Miles of Rome, fb that there was hopes of a fpcedy Accommodation at the Pope's Court ; but at this time the Imperialifts had nothing fo much at heart as the Redudtion oi Sicily, lb that it was likely the King oi Spain would be difap- pointed of the promifed Troops from Italy for Service in Catalonia ; but during Sir Ed-juard"^ ftay ziLivorne, he received a Letter from hisMajefty, giving him an Account that the Enemy had not only be- sieged 'Deiiia in Valencia , but given out that they would, after The Enemy that, attack Alicant, having fifteen Ships of the Line of Battel to ^'/"^^ Denia. favour their Dcfigns ; for which reafon, and left they fliould block up the King in Catalonia, his Majcfty earneftly prcfTed him not to pafs the Str eights, as required by Orders left him by Sir John Leake, but to remain on the Coafts oi Spain, for that othcrwile he would charge to him all the Misfortunes which might happen to his Affairs. The King alfo acquainted him that four of the Ships left with his Majcfty were iailcd to Final, to bring the Troops from the Milaneje, and dcfired that in his return he would call at that Port, and accompany them, for their greater Safety. This Letter of the King of Spain's was inforced by one from Ge- neral Stanhope, who let him know the great Misfortunes which ceKcra/ Stan- might attend his leaving the Coafts of Spain unguarded, fmcc the g°^squ7/r"ns French by returning might prevent all Communication, and thereby remaining m expole the Army in Catalonia to a total want of Provifions, that '^« Streights. Country being lb far exhaufted as not to be able to furnilli iuffici- ent for a Fortnight, ib that, in fuch cafe, they Ihould be obliged to give up the Country to any who would demand ir. Upon thclc two preftlng Letters it was determined, notwithftand- ing the late Rclblutions taken at a Council of War, that as Ibon as the Squadron could be furnilhed with Provifions and Neceftaries at luivorne, it Ihould immediately proceed and join the Ships at Va- Refnit of a do, and thence lail to Barcehfia, in order not only to drive the j^^"""' "-^ D d d d d X Enemy 75^ NavalTrafifaBionsoftheEngliih, BookV. — I Enemy from thofe Part?, but to fccure the Country, and his Ma- jefty the King of Sj>ain from the imminent Danger which threaten'd them. The zyth of November Sir Edward JVhitaker got under Sail from Llvorne ., and arriving at Barcelona, the King by Letter ac- quainted him, that according to what had been agreed at a Council of War, held in his Royal Prefence, the moft confiderable Service the Squadron under his Command could do at that Jun(5turc of time, was to return to the Coaft cf Italy , and convoy the Troops defign- firesthesqua- cd ftom thencc for Catalonia \ but withal recommended to him not dron may re- Q^\y the convoying the Tranfports with Corn from Majorca, and j c/aVc/lfaly, ^^^^'' '^^^^g afterwards fcen to Sardinia for a farther Supply, and for &c. ' Horfes to mount the Cavalry, but that when he (hould be on the Coaft of Italy, he would appoint fuch Ships as Cardinal Grimani ■ might defire, to lecure the PafTage of the Thare of Mejfina, which might conduce to the more Ipeedy Accommodation of Affairs that | were negotiating at Rome. \ Hereupon it was agreed that the 'Dutch Ships fliould proceed di- : re'"S 'rAirei two Ships of the Third Rate, and one of the Filth, to whom he 1"„^ 5^ir*john was to lend luch other Ships as were over and above the fixreen, Jennings t» which he was to have under his Command ; and on the X9th of T\i^^^ "' November he received Orders from the Queen to wear the Union- Flag in the Mediterranean^ the Prince (through whole Hands ic fliould otherwife have gone as Lord- High- Admiral) being dead; and by his Letter to my lelf, dated the ill of T^ecember, he gave an Account that the Portnguefe Ships of War were arrived with the Remainder of the Brajil Fleet, except two of their Eajt-lndia Ships which put back, and fome few left in that Country. The 17th of '^December he got under Sail with one Firfl: Rate, five Third-S two Firelliips, an Holpital Ship, Storelhip, and the Arrogant Hulk, leaving Orders with Sir John Jennings to appoint- the firft Ships he (hould have clean to guard the Mouth of the Streights ; and having fcnt two Third Rates, two Fourths, and a Fifth a-head of him to Alicant, to affure the Governor of the Ca- ftle there of his Afllftance, he arrived himfclf about Cape 'Palus the 3d oi January, whence (landing in iox Alicant, the Wind came off j^o?., from the Land lo frelh at N. N. W. that he could not fetch the Bay^ lb that he bore, away for Port Mahon, but when he had got withm four Leagues of that Place, which was on the frh, the VV'iiid came to the North, and N. N. E. blowing extreme hard, with much Snow, and the next Day it was lo very tempeftuous, that it Icparated mod of the Squadron, forcing him almoft as high as Sardinia, but on the ixth he got into Port Mahon, where he found molt of the iW George Squadron. lu'ortMl'' The Iffioich being fcnt in fearch of the Boyn, (he found her with hon. all her Mads gone by the Board, except her Fore-maft. The Ship with 58 NavalTra?ifa£HonsoftheEng\i{h, BookV. with Ordnance-Stores came fafe into Port, but the ylrrogant being ftill mifTing, in which were the principal part of the Naval Stores, Sir George Byng lent Ibmc Ships to Majorca^ and others to Ca- gliari, in queft of her, dilpatching Orders at the iamc to Sir Ed- s/r Edward ward lVhitakei\ on the Coaft oi Italy, to join hira with the Ships Whitaker or- uQ^er his Command, in cale the Emperor's Troops intended for (Ja- him from'"- talonia were not ready to embark. taiy. Being in very great want of Stores, through the Lofs of the Ar- rogant, he was put to no Ihiall Difficulties in putting the Ships in- to a ConditioQ for Service, and having but a linall Strength with him, he propofed that if the Enemy fitted out a Fleer, Sir 'John Jennings might join him from Lisbon, for Sir Edward PV hit aker was ftill on the Coaft of Italy, concerning whom, and the Troops Central Stan- hc w^as to briug from thence. General Stanhope came to Mahon to ho^seomesto confult with S'uGeorge Byng the 14th oi February, but on the 19th Mahon. oi March he arrived with the faid Land-Forces, which were about three thoufand five hundred effedive Men. With thefe Troops, and the General, he put to Sea with eleven Ships of the Line of Battel, defigning, if poffible, to relieve the Cattle of Alicant , having left others at Port Mahon to clean and refit, and employed fome on Services defired by the King o{ Spain, jfo that he was not able yet to fend any additional Strength to Sir John Jennings. The 5'th of April in the Morning he ftood into ■xhe Works at ^^^ ^^V oi AUcant, anchoring againft the Batteries and Lines which Alicant can- the Enemy had thrown up along the Coaft, and while the Cannon nonaded. \yQxt playing againft thole Works, the General intended to puih on fhore, but the Wind coming up South- Eafterly, and blowing very ftrong, occafioned a great Sea, which render'd it impradticablc, and Jbme of the Ships being in lefs than four Fathom Water, nay divers of them in little more than three, the Northumberland and 2)««- kirk ftruck feveral times, fo that they were obliged before it was Night to ply farther out into the Road. The Weather continuing very bad till the 7th, and it being not known what Extremities the Garrilbu might be under, and the E- The caftie of ncmy encreafing confiderably in Strength, the General fcnt a Flag Alicant fur- of Trucc on Ihore, with Proposals for I'urrendering the Cafllc, which yj/"^"^"'^* being agreed to, and our Men embarked, the Admiral proceeded with the Troops towards Barcelona, having detached fomc Ships to cruife for the Tnrky Fleer, others with Tranlports for Corn to Bar- ^^ry,^and the Suffolk, Humber, and Ipfiaich, which he Icit to clean at Port Mahon, were under Orders to proceed to Genoa and Fi- nal, for tranlporting the German Recruits from thofc Places to Ca- talonia. General Stan- In his Way to Barcelona he landed General Stanhope with the hope lartded Xroops at Tarragona, and returning with the Garrifon of the Caftie arTarrago- ^f ^^f-^nt to Tort Mahon , joined fomc other Ships to thoie he firft intended for Genoa and Final, and Ibut them thirher under Com- mand of Sir Edward Whitaker, but direded him firft to proceed to Livorne for a Supply of Provifions, which was at this ri:iie very much wanted. The few Ships he had with him at Tort Mahon he ^ was Chap. XXIX. from the Tear 1698,/-^ 17(2. ']<^,() was cleaning as faft as poHlble, that ib they might cruile agaiuft the Enemy, who had taken the Fanlcon, a Ship of 31 Guns, off of Cape de Gates in her PafTagc 10 Lisbon, from whence he had or- dered Six John Jenrimgs to join him with the Ships under his Com- mand, who was off of Gibraitar thexift oi May, with fixteen IVIen 1-09. of War, Engl't/h znd Dutch, and about forty Tranfports, Joaden with Corn, as alio Provifions and Stores for the Fleet in the Medi- taranean, and arrived at 'Port Alahon the z8th, from whence he guarded the Corn Ships to Barcelona, and was joined the 8th dAUthevket June by Sir George Byng, with the reft of the Englijh and 7)utch ["" "' ^"'^'^^ Men of War, and there Sir Ed-ward IVhitaker arrived with his Squadron from Italy, and above two thoufand Recruits for the Ar- my in Catalonia. A Council of War being called, it was determined, that fmce the King of Spain, as the Pofturc of Affairs then were, could not come to any Rclolution relating to the Fleet's affifting in the Redudion of thofe Parts of Spain ftill in the Poffcffion of the Enemy, to fail to a Station ten Leagues South of Cape Thoulon, not only for in- tercepting their Trade, but to alarm them all that might be ; but fmce it was neceffary that a Squadron ihould be on the Coaft of Portugal, Sir John Jennings was fent thither with one Ship of the 5;> John Jen- Second Rate, four of the Third, five of the Fourth, and three of ""'S'^ /"" the Fifth. bon. They both failed together from Barcelona Road, and Sir George Byng arrived before Thoulon the iift oijune, in which Harbour .?*> Heoree he faw only eight Ships, which were ligged, and their Sails bent, |)y"S !'"™" and one large Man of War on the Careen, the reft being dilarmed, ion. which confirmed the Accounts he had before, that they did not in- tend to come to Sea with a Fleet, but only to guard their Tranf ports for Corn with fmall Squadrons ; ib that alter cruifing there ibme time longer, he returned to Barcelona Road, where he found He returns to moft of the Ships arrived from the Services whereon he had lent i^arcdona. them, and the 'Dunkirk and Centurion were come from the Coaft oi Barbary, being obliged to leave twelve Prizes, loadcn with Corn, which the former and theDefiance had taken, mPorto Farina, for want of Men to fail them. Upon his Arrival at Barcelona, he found the Court of Spain, at the Inftance of Cardinal Grimani, very dcfirous to have the Reduc- tion of Sicily attempted , and was informed by General Stanhope^ somtihoughtt that it was Her Majefty's Plcafure part of the Fleet ihould affift in »/ tuempnng the Defign upon Cadiz ; but the Dutch Ships having been lepa- tacking Ca- rated in bad Weather, and ours being too few to anl'wer theic, and d'z- many other Services the Court propoicd, he fufpendcd for ibme time the coming to any Relblution, being every Day in Expcdlation of the Ships of the States General ; but at length he formed a Dilpo- fition of Her Majefty's Ships, and appointed Sir Edu;ard JVhitaker for the Service of Sicily, while he himielf defigncd to proceed on the other with General Stanhope. The i6th oijuly the Court of Spain having notice of the Ene- my's penetrating into the Ampourdan, with Intention, as was ap- prehended^ 76o Navarfr/wfatlio?isofthe'Eng\i{b, BookV. prchcnded, to bcfiege Girojie^ and there being a want of Ships to protcd thcCoaft oi Catalonia, and hinder the Enemy's having Sup- phcs by Sea, as alio a Squadron to bring over the Prizes with Corn from Torto Farina, which they were in great want of in that Prin- cipality, and lome Ships to go to Italy for Money for lubfilling the Troop?, the Court Icemed to lay afide the Defign on Sicily, and the Admiral lent five Ships for the aforclaid VelTels with Corn. The 'Dutch arriving the 27th from Livorne, Sir George Byng called a Council of War, and laid before them Her Majcft) 's Orders, together with the Services which the King oi Spain defircd might be performed, and propoled to the Commander in Chief of the Ships of the States General his detaching part of them with him on the ihe Dutch Expedition againfl: Cadiz, but he exculed himlelf, allcdging their noiabktoa;- Provifions would not lafl longer than the end oi Augiifi, N. S. yet ad-f "^^^ offered to aflift on any Service upon the Coaft of ^Catalonia until the 20th Day of that Month. However, it was agreed that Sir George Byng lliould proceed to Cadiz, with fix Englijh Ships of the Line of Battel, and that two other Frigates fliould follow him when they arrived from Genoa, the reft, both Englijh and 'Dutch, to be left under the Command of S'\i Edmard JFhitaker, to perform fuch Services as the King oi Spain might have for them. pni.e! taken, Sincc the cleaning of the Ships at Tort Mahon, they took thirty om of them one Ptizes, twenty two whereof were loadcn with Corn, three from the Paine. j'jirky, as many from Marfeilles , and the like Number from Car- thagcna, the 'Dutch having leizcd on three more. Among our Prizes was the Fame, formerly a Dutch Privateer, of 24 Guns, which the Admiral bought of the Captors for the Queen, and em- ployed againfl: the Enemy. The Antelope and IVorcefier having been cruilling up the Levant, took three French Merchant Ships ; and when Sir Edward Whitaker appeared with his Squadron off of RofiS , he dilcovcrcd there about forty Embarcations which were sevctai vef'is employed to tranfport Provifions to the Enemy's Army in the Am- oi iheEmm^ s ■pofif^an, thirty of which he took, whereby they were put to no '"rl",Z',n' ''"^^'^ ftraits for want of the Supplies they hoped for by Sea. sZ/Geurge Arriving at Gibraltar he expeded to have met there with Rear- •iyng "^" Admiral Baku's Squadron, and the Troops defigned for the Attempt " ^■^"' " Qj^ Cadiz, but not gaining any Intelligence of him, or ofSivJom 'Jennings, he fent away the Torbay, Colchefter, and Hawk Firelhip, with Colonel Du Bourguay to Lisbon, and diredled them to remain there for fuch Intelligence as he might receive, and then to bring him back t© the Fleet. tutch Ships of War, and with fuch of them as were then at Tort Mahon, leaving Orders for the reft sir Edward to follow him, to procccd and cruife off of the Coaft ofRofes, Col- Whitaker Uvre, and in the Gulph oi Narbonncy to prevent the Enemy their ^coaf'ofKo' having any Supplies of Provifions, or Ammunition by Sea, and to fes, vc. intercept their Shipping, and annoy their Coafts. He was alfo di- red:ed to hold frequent Correfpondence with Her Majefty's Miniflers at the Courts of Spain and Savoy, and, at the defire of thole Princes, to affift them on Services which a Council of War iliould judge pradticable. The iame Day he received thefe Orders, which was the 29th of July 1709, he failing with her Majefty's Ships xhaBoyne, and Suffolky of the Third Rate, and feven 'Dutch Ships of War, arrived the 3d d Augufi off of the Bay oi Rofes, where he had the good Fortune si) Edward fo intercept thirty fmall Nc(^c\s, employed in carrying Bread and whitaker Meal from thence to the French Army, which was compofed of v''ff/'vj't between twelve and fourteen thoufand Men, under Command of the Prov'ifi^ns. Duke de Noyelles, encamped at a Place called Tervel, but he could not underftaud whether or not they were provided with Ammuni- tion and Ordnance for the Siege oi Giro7ine . Off of this Coaft he continued until the i6th ofAuguJi, preventing the Enemy's receiving any Supplies by Sea, when receiving a Letter from Sir George Byng, and another from General Stanhope, by which they rcprefented it was ncceffary he iliould make the beft of his way to Barcelona, to convoy the Tranfports from thence to Tort Mahon, as alfo the Storeftiips, and Vidtuallers, and then to proceed with them to Algier for Corn for the Army, which they Sir Edward ^'^^c in great want of, he arrived at Tort Mahon towards the latter vi'hitaker end oi Auguft from Barcelona, but before he left that Place, our comti to Port Troops had paffed the Segre, and obliged the Enemy to retire on the other fide the Noguera. They had alio taken Balaguer, on the Banks of the River Segre, and in it three Battalions, two of thcraSivitzers, and the other oi Badajoz^ with a very confiderable Magaiiiic of Barley. With Cha^.^XX.. fromtheTear 169S, to ij 12. 7^3 With rheTrap.rport Ships he proceeded to yl/gier, whence he re- lu }.roct<.ii ta turned ro Tort Mahon, and arrived at Barcelona with the Supoly ^'S'^'^f- '>""^"' of Corn the i8rh of September, from which Porr the '■Dutch Ships hon,".^.:. *' Were gone ro Majorca for Provifions, but their return being fud- dcnly expedlcd, he left a Lectter for their Coinmadore to follow him to "Fort Alahon, whirhcr with the Confcnt of the King 0*1 Spain ^ he was going to refit the Ships under his Command, but took care to have Cruilcrs on the Barbary Coaft to intercept Supplies bound to the French. The vidrualliug Ships cxpedred from Erigland not being arrived the Z3d of OiJober., it was agreed at a Council of War to pro- ceed to Livornc for what could be had there, and on the nth The squadron of the next Month he lailcd accordingly, leaving Rear- Admiral So- f"// i''' mcrfdyke at Tort Mahon^ refitting the 'T>utch Ships under his Com- VrlvifioZ, mand. In his Paffage he met with extreme bad Weather, and lying o'X oi Thou Ion eight Days^ he took Icveral Barks, in one of which were Letters, giving an Account of the great Straits the Enemy were driven to for want of Corn, and Trade ; and now receiving Advice from Vice-Admiral Baker that he was arrived at Tort Ma- i-he-Admirai bon with the Vidualliug Ships from England, he returned thither, Baker 4rr;r« and on the ifl: of 'December it was agreed at a Council of War, up- H^l'^^^ ^'^^' on reading a Letter from the King of Spain, to appoint a Convoy, and a Number of Tranfport Ships iti Her Majefty's Pay, to bring Corn for the Army in Catalonia from Tarento in the Kingdom of Naples. Proceeding to Sea in order to intercept the French Tranfports, he had Advice the 13d oi December^ that the iaid VefTels, bound to Thoulon and Marfeilles, with fix Ships of War, had pafTed through the Bocca di Bonifacio the xjth in the Evening, and that they were got into Sz.Tropcz.; Antibes , and Villa Franca ; whereupon it yot pra^ka- was confidered whether there might be any probability of attacking ^J' '" ^"'">pf 1 1 r^ I- 1 • I 1' I rL- I 1 rrcncn Ships rhem with Succels, but it was determined not to be praaicable, ^r Antibes, flnce they were fortified PI ices, aiid that the fix French Men of <^'- War were almoft equal to the Strength of ours ; befides, there were feveral Merchant Ships of Force, fomc of them of between 40 and 5*0 Guns; fo that ic was reiblvcd to proceed to Livorne, or Tort Mahon, according as the Winds woulcl permit. In the Road of Livorne he arrived the beginning of Januaryy Englifh and where he found the 'Dutch Rear- Admiral with all his Ships ; and yuti-'i •^?''»- hcrc he received a Letter from Captain Evans of the 'Defiance, giv- LivornT ing him an Account that on the 8th of November he, with the Cen- turion, commanded by Captain Mibill, met with two French Ships of War of about equal Strength, between Almeria and Malaga, with which they began to engage about Eight in the Moining, and a warm Dif- continucd io to do until Twelve at Nood. The Fight was bloody ''/.^'/^'^^"^ on both fides, for the Defiance had twenty five Men killed, and and rwo fixry fix wounded, nor fared it better with the Centurion; befides i^enchsAi?., their Rigging was fo dilabled, and their Malls and Yards fo much gaul'd, that they were not in a failing Condition. However, the French leaving them about twelve a Clock, they taade the beft E e c e c 1 Tpeed 7^4 NavalTranfaclio?7softhcEng\i{h, BookV. jpeed they could after tlicm till towards Evening, the Icaft of the Enemy's Ships having the other in a Tow ; but at length they Iheltered thcmfelves in the Port of Malaga, having, as was gene- rally reported, loft a hundred Men, where they would not lufTer thole who were wounded to go on fhorc, left the real damage they had received lliould be difcover'd. Sir Ed'-jDurd JVhitakcr arriving at Tort MaboUy received a Let- ter from the King of Spam, and another from General Stanhope, by which he was dcfired to appoint two Englijh Ships of War, and fome Tranfports, to go up the Archipelago, and to other Places for Corn, the Army being in ib very great want, that if not timely fup- plied, according to the Contract made by the General with the Mer- chants, they muft of neceftity abandon all Catalonia ; whereupon it was determined, that Vice Admiral Baker ihould with nine Ships of the Line of Battel, one Frigate, and a Fireftiip, proceed with le- veral Tranfport Ships into fuch a Latitude in the Meridian of Ta- rento, as he Ihould judge moft proper, and that from thence two Stitch Ships of War lliould convoy thofe bound to Tarento, and vice- Admiral then the Vice- Admiral himfelf with the reft of the Ships accom- Baker af- pjjj-,y [j^g other Traufports as far as Cape St. Angelo, where he ^g'"ard sh\fi was to leave them to be leen by a Fourth and Fifth Rate as far as jor Corn up ChiO, Fochia Nova, or farther up the Arches if thought fir, and the Arches, yy^^n they fliould be loaden, to condudt them to the Port of Nava- rino, upon the Morea, and thence to Tort Mahon, or Barcelona, according as the Winds might be. It was alio refolvcd that when Mr. Baker had parted with the faid Convoy, he Ihould proceed to Navariiio, and that when he received Advice there by what time the Tranfports, with the 'Dutch Ships, might be ready to fail from Tarento, he Ihould govern himfelf either by cruifing on the Coaft to annoy the Enemy, or proceed diredly to that Port, and convoy the Tranfports to Tort Mahon or Barcelona. Thefe Orders being diipatched, and Sir Edward JVhitaker hav- ing received Directions to return to England, he left Tort Mahon the 17th oi March, and arrived zx. Lisbon the 4th of April with three Ships of the Third Rate, where making fome ftay for our Sir Edward Trade, he failed the X9th of that Month, and arrived in the Cha- whitaker re- ngi^ jq Company of the "Dutch Tortugal Fleet and their Convoys, \\ni " ^"^ "-'^^ ^^^ ^^y °^ J""^ 1 710. But before I enter on the Account of Vice- Admiral Baker's Proceedings in the Mediterranean, I will give a fliort Relation of what happened at home this Year ; and of the Redudlion of Tort Royal in Nova Scotia. The Admiral of the Fleet, Matthew Ay Imer Elq; being in the Soundings with fevcral of Her Majefty's Ships, and a confiderablc Number of thole belonging to the Merchants, with their Convoys Admiral i\\'\- outward-bouud, he fent them forward on their refpedive Voyages mer in the the zjth of July, whcu hc was about fixty eight Leagues S. VV. by Soundings. w_ of i\^q Lizard, in the Latitude of 48' and 13". The reft of that Day, and the next he lay by, but feeing on the 29th at Noon thir- teen Sail in the North-Eaft of him, he ordered the Kent, Ajfurance, and Tork to chafe a-head, himfelf following with the reft of the Ships i under Chap. XXX. from theTear i ^5>8, to ij 12. 7^5 under his Command, and kept a prefTcd Sail the whole Night ; but the Weather proving very hazcy, he could not dilcovcr next Morn- ing more than one Merchant Ship a-hcad, another Ship a great way to Windward, which he found afterwards to be the Tork, and three Sail more to Leeward, as far as it was pofTiblc to difcern them. The Admiral lending his Boats on board ^ French Merchant Vef- fel, which had been taken by the yJjfurance, the Mafter of her ac- quainted him, that the Ships which he had leen the Day before were fourteen in the Merchants Service, bound for the Bank oi N.e'wfound- land and Alartinica, under Convoy of the Snperbe^ a French Sliip of War of 56 Guns, and the Concord of 30, the former whereof, af- ter having feen them into the Sea, was to cruifc in the Soundings^ and the latter to proceed to Guinea ; that upon dilcovering our Ships, they leparated in the Night, the Concord with all the Mer- chant Ships proceeding on their Voyage, (which were the Ships to Leeward) and that the Ship a head which our Cruifcrs were in pur- iliit of, was the Superbc. Soon after this the Kent^ commanded by Captain Robert Johu- foH, came up with, and engaged her for the Space of an Hour, when ihe flruck, in which Adtion the laid Captain Jobnfon behaved him- a French ielf like a gallant Officer, and an experienced Seaman, for as he at- sh;, iheS\i- tack'd this French Ship in a very handlcm manner, lo was flie taken ^" "' '" "*' by him without any AlTiftance, although (he had a greater Number of Men than the Kent. Both of them were very much fliatter'd in the Fight, but fo good a Sailer was the Superbe^ that had Ihc not been three Months off of the Ground, flie would in all probability have efcaped. This Ship had taken ieveral valuable Prizes from us before, and our Cruifers had often chaled her without Succcfs; but becoming thus in our PoflciTion, Ihc was regiller'd in our Royal Na- vy, being very beautiful, and not above eighteen Months old. There having been a Projecft formed about the beginning of this TheExpediti^ Year,for taking from the French Tort Royals on the the Coaft of"" a-Kinji Nova Scotia, the Ieveral Ships hereafter mentioned were appointed ''"" '^°y^^" to be employed on that Expedition, viz. the '\DragOH, commanded by Captain George Martin, the Falmouth by Captain IValtcr Ryd- dell, the Lozi'ejloff' by Captain George Gordon, the Feverjhatn by Captain Robert Tajton, and the Star Bomb-VelTel by Captain T.ho- mas Rochfort, the two firft of them of 50 Guns each, and the other two of 31 and 36; but in regard the Loiveftojfe and Fever jham were bound to New England, Captain Martin, who was appointed to command them all, had Iniirudlions to proceed thither, and join them, as alio the Chcjier of 50 Guns, commanded by Captain Tho- mas Matthews. And Colonel Nicholfin being appointed General by Land for this Expedition, he, with his Servants, were carried to Bofion from hence, as alio a Body of Marine Soldiers, with pro- per Officers, and a Vcffcl loaden with Ordnance Stores. At Bojlon. it was to be confidered what additional Troops might be proper, or could be added to the Marine Soldiers, by the Go- vernors of the Provinces in thole Parts, which was to be deter- mined by a Council ot War , to confifl: of Colonel Nicholfon , the Governors q66 'Naval Tra7 ?faBionsoftheEng\iih, Bq okV. Governors of Ne-ui' England and Re'-^ Hampjhirc^ Colonc! Vetchy the eldcfl: Colonel of the Land Forces railed in thole Parts, as allb the Major of the Marines, and Captain Martin himfellj with three others of the Senior Sea-Captains. And fince the Queen, by Her Majcdy's Inftrudions to Colonel Nicholfoii, had been plealed to diredt, that when the Qiiocas of the aforemention'd Provinces were ready to embark, it ihoiild be con- fider'd at a Council of War, how it might be mofl proper to attack, and reduce Tort Royal , the Lords of the Admiralty enjoined the Commadore of rhe Squadron carefully to put in Execution what fliould be fo refolved, by proceeding with the Ships accordingly, and giving his bed: Afllftance in the landing, and tranlporting the Troops, and in the taking them on board again when there ihould be occafiou ; and, if it Ihould be found neceffary, he was to caufe the Marine Soldiers belonging to the Ships to be put on Hiore, in addition to the four hundred carried from hence in the Tranf^ ports. When the Place was reduced, or that it Ihould be found that alL was done which poffibly could be with the Ships and Land-Forces, he was to order the Chejier; Lowejioffy and Feverjham., to retura to their proper Stations at Mew England and Ne-w Torky and him- felf with the other Ships and the Star Bomb-Vcflel to repair to "Ja- maicuy together with the two Tranfports, and the Marine Officers and Soldiers, that fo the Commander in Chief of the Squadron there might endeavour by them to man the Kingjion and Coventry^ with which, and the other Ships under his Command, he was to re- pair without lofs of time to England. Puriuant to thefe Inftrudlions Captain Martin failed on his Voyage, and all things being fettled at Neiv England for the Attempt of Tort Royaly he proceeded from Nantasket Road the i8th oi Sep- tembery with the T)ragony Falmonthy and Lowejioffey Feverjham, Star Bomb-VefTel, the Province Gaily, two Holpital Ships, thirty one Tranfports, and two thoufand Land-Forces, having lent the Chejier before, to endeavour to intercept any Supplies which the Enemy might attempt to lend to Tort Royaly and on the 14th in the Afternoon he anchored at the Entrance of that Harbour, from whence Handing foon after nearer in towards the Fort, between Goat Ifland and rhe North fide of the laid Harbour, a Council of War was called, and purfuant to what was agreed, the fmall Em- barcations, and Boats were gotten ready to receive the Men, and put them on ihore. On the xfth, about Six in the Morning, Colonel Vetch and Co- lonel Redingy with fifty Men each, together with Mr. Forhesy the Engineer, went on ihore to view the Ground for landing the Troops, and foon after Colonel Nicholfon himlelf was with the Body of the Men landed, the Enemy firing at the Boats in which they were, from their Cannon and Mortars, but with no great Succefs. Colonel Vetchy with five hundred Men on the North fide, fo lin- ed the Shore, as that he protected the landing of the Cannon, Am- munition, and Stores ; and the Mortar being fixed on board tbc Bomb- CuA?.yi^y^, from theTear 16'^'^, to i-] 12. j6j Bomb Vcird, ihc driving up with the Tide of Flood within Cannon- Jbot of the Fort, both that Day, and the next, bombarded the E- nemy therein, which did in a great mealurc induce them to capitu- late iboncr than qthcrwife they would have done, not but that they wore very much gauled in the Attempts made on them , and the many Shot from the Artillery on Ihore ; but the x8th, 29th, and 30th the Bomb-Veflel was not able to throw any Shells, by reafon of the hard Gales of Wind. The ift oiO^obeVy at a Council of War held in the Camp, two Letters which were received from Monfieur Subercajfe, diredted to Colonel Nkholfon , were taken into Confidcration , together with the Anfwcrs which he had made thereunto, and the Preliminaries being agreed on, the Governor marching out of the Fort with the Garriibn, our Troops took Pofleffion of it foou after, with Drums beating, and Colours flying, where hoifting the Union Flag, they, in Honour of Flcr Majefty, called the Place Annapolis Royal, and a fufficient Number of Men being left therein, the Ships and Troops proceeded to Neiju England^ as loon as all things necelfary were fettled; from whence Captain Martin departed not long after, in order to his putting in Execution the remaining part of his Inflruc- tions for his return to England. And now we return to Vice- Ad- miral Baker. That Officer having conducted the Tranfports to the leveral Ports whereto they were bound, and arriving with them loaden at Barce- vUe-Adm\rai hnay got Sight of four Ships off of the Thare oi MeJ/ina, and as ^^J" """■»* many Ha^tias, to which he gave Chale, but could not fpeak with them that Night. Next Morning, being the 3d of May^ the Fame, commanded by Captain Mafiers, took one of the Ships; the Stiffbli, two Ftench Captain C/JohnNor- the King of Spam, he was informed by his Majcfty, that he had b^,';[^;V. "' Advice the Enemy intended to attempt Cagliari with twenty Gal- lies, five Ships, other fraall VefTels, and about three thoufand five hundred Men, and therefore defired him to do his utmoft to fruftrate them, or if, inftead o{ Sardinia, they fhould have a Dcfign on Naples. A Council of War was called upon a fecond Letter from the King a council of of Spahi, and it was determined to proceed to Sardinia with the ^f'^r t/.r«Sar- another held the next Day, determined, that as loon as three thou- dinia. fand Soldiers were embarked, four Englijh Ships and fix T>utch fi-jould proceed with them to the aforelaid iHand, and there adjuft with the Vice Roy whether the whole, or part of them Ihould be landed, if the Enemy made a Defcent on Sardinia, otherwile to repair to Bar- celona. It was alio agreed that two Ships of War Ihould con- voy four hundred Horie to Catalonia, and then cruife along the Coaft from Carthagena to Gibraltar, to protcdt the Trade ; that siAps appoint- three of ours and four of the Dutch ihould be ilationed offot 1 hon- ed to jeverat /on, to intercept the Enemy's Convoys with Corn, and that the Se- j ssaiions. j^JQj. Captain fliouid take the three Frigates with Captain Stv.art un- A der his Command, if he met with them in thole Parts; but if they " found the French were harboured at Thoulon, they were to join Sir John Norris at Cagliari, or, if not there, at Barcelona. It was far- ther relolved to fend Orders to Vice Admiral Baker, by the Ships which convoyed the Horfe to Barcelona, to appoint two of the Ships to join thofe cruifing off of Thoulon , or to proceed him- felf thither with three, if he judged it more proper, leaving the reft at Barcelona, until Sir John Norris himfelf Ihould arrive there; and two Days after he appointed a Ship of the Third Rate, and a- nother of the Fourth, tocruiie to and fro near the StreightsM.o\ith, for protecting our Trade. Purluant to thefe Reiblurions Sir John Norris failed the ift of June, and his Cruifers which were a- head of him chafing a French A French Ship, forced her on fliore at Bajiia, the principal City of Corjica, %[t"^ "" where he had Advice that the Duke of Turjis was lailed with his Gallies from that I Hand, in order to make a Dclccnt on Sardinia. In his way thither he croffed ihc Bocca di Bonifacio, and ib on to the Gulph Chap. XXXI. from the Tear 1^5/8, f^ 171 2. 771 Gulph oi Terra Nova, on the North-Eafl fide oi Sardinia, where iending his Boat on Ihorc, he had lutclhgence that four of the Ene- my's Snetias were in that Gulph, which he icized, two of them be- vour Saetias longing to France, and the other to Sicily. The chief Commanders, ^"^'^ »'» '*« and the four hundred Troops which were in them, had taken the Tcr^raNo Town oi Terra Nova, fituate at the Head of a Lake, fix Miles far- ther than the Ships of War could go, whereupon the Troops were landed as foon as it was Day, under Command of General Brown, to whom the Town lurrcndcr'd. They embarked the next Day, as Terra Nova it was rcfoived, for Cagliari; but having Advice that the Duke oi '""'•'''from Turfis, who intended to land his Men near Saffari, hearing of rhe '^ """^" Approach of our Ships was failed away to the Northward, towards Adjazz>o in Corfica, it was concluded to follow him, and to de- Refoivd to ftroy his Gallics, even though they were under the Cover of the ''■""''^ "/'«'■ Cannon of any Place in that Ifland. i uriisVc*/- On the 9th of June Sir John Norris was informed the Duke was ''"• gone with his Gallies the Night before from the Gulph of Adjazzo towards Cape Calvi, about twelve Leagues farther to the North- ward, but that his feven Saetias were at an Anchor with fix hun- dred Men, and his A^mmunition, near Adjazzo, upon which it was propofcd to the 'Dutch Flag to attempt them there, but he declined 'v., fince it was a Neutral Port. However Sir John Norris let the Governor know that he was in Purfuit of the Enemy, and dcfired he would nor permit them to land, afTuring him that if he endca- vour'd to hinder his attempting them, by firing on his Ships from the Caftic, he ihould efteem it as an Ad: of Hoftility ; but this the Governor proraifed he would not do. It was now but iitttle Wind, and before he could reach the Port, the Enemy, who were gotten on fhore, had betaken themlelves to the Mountains, but he leized on their Veflcis and Provifions. The rht vejftU Governor lent to Sir John Norris, and defircd he would not land mth the Duke the Troop?, afTuring him that the Enemy Ihould not be admitted in- "/ ^';!''''^' to awy of their Towns, nor be furniflicd with Subfiuance ; and imce fciz.ed. the puifoing them would have been very difficult, had our Men been put on Ihore, it was rcfoived to proceed to Barcelona, where he ar- s;rjohn Nor- rived the i8th oi' June, and the King oi Spain defiring that part of "s amves at the Troops might be landed in Valencia, and that the Fleet might *''"'°"^- be as footi as podibic at Tarragona, it was refolved to proceed thi- ther, and that Vice- Admiral Baker ihould follow. The zorh he arrived at Tarragona, and the King having recom- ihe Fleet mended it to him that, after the Troops were landed, an Attempt """•' 'ff'f might be made on Vineros, a Imall Town on the Coaft of Valen- ^'"6or>a. cia, and the Magazines which the Enemy had therein, as alio that a Convoy might be appointed to three hundred Horles from Sar- dinia, and that then the Fleet inight be divided, fo as that one part might appear on the Coafl: of Valencia, while the other lay on that oi RonJfUlon at the fame time, he iailcd from Tarragona, and join- ing Vice- Admiral ;9^/^^r, with five Ships of the Third Race, and a Firelhip, he ordcr'd as ftrong a Detachment as he could fparc from the Yicct, together with the Boats, and lent in the imall Frigates to F f f f f 1 cover 72 NavalTrajifacfio?JsoftheEng\iih, BookV. jin Attempt intenHed on the Town of Cette, and the Troop landed there. The Town and Fort of Cette fur r en der. cover their landing near Vineros, bur there being at that time a fvvelled Sea, all the Officers were of opinion it was not fafc to at- tempt the putting the Men on Ihore ; befides, the Mafter of a Ship oi Genoa, who had che King oi Spairi's Pals, affirmed that the Ene- my had not any Magazine there; wherefore it was determined to range a Day or two along the Coaft of Valencia, to alarm them, and then to proceed to Barcelona., where arriving the 30th of Alay^ he received a Letter from General Stanhope., then at Tarragona, let- ting him know the King had ccnfented the Regiment of Colonel Stanhope fhould be embarked, with three hundred Men from 'Port Mahon, to be employed on aD^fign in the Gulph of Lyons, with a Gentleman lent on purpole from England by the Queen's particular Order. This Enterprize was intended on Cette, on the Coafl: of Langucdoc, and all things being ready, it was determin'd at a Coun- cil of War, held the 6th oVJnly, to lend by Exprefs to his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Savoy an Account of the Defign ; and failing from Barcelana the 9th, they arrived on the Coaft of Cette the 13 th, where the Troops were put on Ihore. The next Morning, at break of Day, they marched to the Town, and Ibme Ships were appointed to batter the Fort at the Mold Head, whereupon the Inhabitants be- taking themielves to the Church, after a fmall firing the Town fur- render'd, as did the Fort, on which were mounted eighteen Pieces of Cannon. A Derachracut of three hundred Men were left to fecure the Place, and Major-General SeijJ'au, with the Regiment of Stan- hope^ and above three hundred Marines, marching to the Town of j^gde, took a Poft before it which makes the Ifle oi Cette, and that Night the Town capitulated without any Refiftance. The ifth there was Advice that the Duke de Roqticlanre, who commanded in the Province oi Languedoc, defigned to make a Del- cent by Boats over the Lake on the Ifland of Cette, and the Ma- jor-General acquainted Sir John Norris that he would endeavour to oppofe it, defiring the Affiftance of the Boats belonging to the Fleet on the Lake, whereupon he, with the 'Dutch Flag, mann'd and arm'd all the Boats the next Morning, and going on the faid Lake, prevented the intended Attempt ; but our Troops, left to guard the Poft of Agde, by fome Miftake quitted the fame, and were coming tfce Po/?j /^fj away in Saetias. The Major General propofed marching back to a taken. jgg^JQ jj^g p^fg^ gj^j accordingly it was refolved fb to do, but being loon after informed that a great Body of Troops were coming down, it was thought proper to embark our Men, part of whom were \z{x. in the Fort of Cette to cover the Retreat. The Enemy purliied fo hard, that they took our advanced Guard, when the Fort iurrcndered to them, and as foon as they underftood the Major-General was employed in this Enterprize, (who had ffiewn Hardfliip! great Zeal and Bravery, and was a Native of that Country) they done by the not Only impriloncd his Family, but cxpofcd them to very great F^^^;^^5^/'^*Hardlhips. Lieutenant- This Affair ending thus. Sir John Norris failed the 19th, and GeneraiStxi- fliewed himfclf off' of Thoitlon "and Marfeilles, fome Days after which he ftood into the Road of Hyeres, where difcovering a Ship, J Flyboat Our Troops driven from fail. CHAP.XXXl.fromthcTeari6^S,to 1712. 773 FI)boat builr, of about 50 Guns, under three Forts upon the Ifland ^''' -^"""pf of -For!: Cros, he ordered losne Engl^^ and 'Dutch Frigates, under Frfnch'sL the Command of Captain Stepney^ to attack the laid Flyboat, z\\<\ at %he i{iti cf Forts, which, after a confiderable Fire, beat the Men out of her, ^v^f"- and the lowcrmofl: of rholc Forts ; but as our Boats boarded the Ship, llie took fire by a Train the Enemy had laid, and blowing up, thirty five of our People were killed and wounded. Our Cruilcrs o^ oi Thou Ion unluckily miis'd the French Convoy, for being in great want of Water they were obliged to feek a Sup- ply, mean while they got into Port. On the 14th oi Angufl Sir John Morris came off oiAIahou , and arrived in Barcelona Road ■s/> John Not- threc Days after, where he met with the sood News of our Army's n' "f " '* 1 • 11,- 11 - 1 I T-- I ,- ^ ■ r. -^ Barcelona. havmg entirely dcrearcd that with the Duke ot Anjon^ near Ciara- rhe Enemy's gofa, which might juflly be attributed to the Advice, Condud:, and ^rmyjeatoi Bravery of General Stai/hope, who had prefTed the King and Mar- "^'"''^"^2°' Ihal Staremberg to attack them, and fmm which he delervedly re- ceived Thanks from his Maj-.fl:y at the Head of the Army. The "Dutch intending about this time to reiurn home. Sir John Norris would have had no more Ships with him, after iuch a Se- paration, than nineteen, befides two of 40 Guns ; however, at the Dcfire of the King oi Spain, he was proceeding on an Enterprize on the Coaft of Valencia, his Majefty with his Army being within eight Dajs March of Madrid, and the Duke and Duchels of Anjoti retired to Valladolid, but this Defign was not put in Execution, the Horie not being ready to embark, and the Provifions in the Ships growing very ihort, fo that it was refolved to proceed to Tort Ma- The Du*ch fjon, and the Dutch Vice- Admiral failed homewards. vke-ynh-nrai The Squadron being cleaned, Sir John Norris failed from Tort ''"'"''" """■ Mahon the 30th o'i. (Sttober, and proceeding down \\\t Str eights, he took on the 6th of the next Month three French Ships from TAr«e French Ni'-Jifotindland. The 9th he arrived at Gibraltar, when by the beft Nt-wfound- Intclligence he could gain, the Enemy had not above five or fix Ships ^.^^ " '^' '"' cruifing without the Streights, whereas our Squadron confided of fcven under the Command of Captain Mighils *. Sir John Norris had no more than nine with him, with which he determined to pro- ceed up the Mediterranean, as high as Tort Mahon, with the Turky Convoy and Trade, and there to confidcr how to protedt them farther. After having touclied in Alnieria Bay, he arrived the jth of De- 5;rjohnNor- cember with the Turky Ships at Mahon, as did alio Captain Mighils ''JJ^^'J^^l^l with thofe which he had been cruifing with without the Streights Mouth, and being informed by the Queen oi Spain that the Enemy intended to attack drone, he relblvcd to ftrengthcn the Turky Con- voy as high as the Chanel o'i Malta by five Ships of War, and when he was joined by others which he expected, to proceed to Barcelona, and concert Matters with his Catholick Majefty. Ac- cordingly he arrived there the 4th oi January, and undcrllanding, '^/^^^"'^y when afiilling at Council , that the Enemy had made a Breach at Gi- J. ^^^ * S'inct a f/pphire to cruilL between T la- cent ta and Cape Breton, on an Klanc) oppofite to Ne'-^foundland cxpeded their joining him in his PafTige to G^iebeCy the i vrmer of which Ships had taken, and Icnr into Bojiotiy betbrc he faiLd thence, a Ship of aboiir one hundr d and twenty Tuns, with lo Guns, that had levenry Men on board, wliereof thirty were Soldiers for the Garrifon oi ^lehrc. The Low ('Jtoff\ Fever jham, Enterprize, and Triton' sTrize, all Tahes fiation- imall Frii^ates, ivhich were ftationcd ^t New Tork, and Vir^inia/i^^Vr '^! 1 111 n- .- /-■ r> I ■ i**"*' New York he on'ered to join nim off ot La/e lireton, being empowered by -^';^ Virginia Her Majefty's Orders fo to do, if he Ihonid find it nccrfTary, and ^"^ ^""' this he the rather did, becaufe of rhe IJle they might be to him in his proceeding up the River to ^lebec, which Navigation mod of the People with whom he had IpoKCn repre'ented to be very dan- gerous, and therefore he right iy judged the Hiimber and 'Devon- Jhire, which mounted 80 Guns each, too big to be ventured thither, for which rcaion he lent them home, and 'hif ed his Fl.ig on board '^ends home the Edii^ar, a Ship of 70 Guns, General Hill removing into the '''^< dumber Windfor^ which carry'd ten lels; but fince he had Information n"ire. ^'"^^' that a Ship of 60 Guns and another of 30, were cxpedfed from France very luddcniy, he ordered the aforcfaid Ships Uumber and T)evonfhire to cruile in the opening of the Bay of Sr. La'arence un- til rhe laft of Anguji, and then to purfue their Voyage home. He had very fair W'-jiiicr until he got into the aforelaid Bay, Me arrives in when it became changeable, lomerimes thick and foggy, and 01 her- *^' '^"^ "^ whiles calm, and little Winds, and the Navigation appeared ro be '"' ''^"°"' intricate, and hazardous. The rSrh of Aiigiiji, when he was off of Gafpe Bay, near the Entrance of the River Canada, it blew frefli at N. W. and kft the Tranlporrs Ihould be ieparared, and blown to Leeward, he anchored in that Bay, where (laying for an Opportu- Anchors M nity to proceed up the River, he burnt a French Ship which was ^'"^''" ^"^^ (ilhing, not being able to bring her o(!. The Wind veering Wcfterly the zoth of An guft^ he had hopes of gaining his PafTage, but the next Day, after Noon, it proved log- y, and continued fb all Night and the Day following, with very ittleWind, till the Afternoon , when there was an extreme thick Fog, and if brgnn ro blow hard at E. and E. S. E. which rendering it impoHlble to ftecr any Courle wirh Safety, having neither fight of Land, nor Soundings, or Anchorage, he, by the Advice of the Pi- lots then on board him, both Engiijh and French, who were the bed in the Fleet, made the Signal for the Ships to bring to with Brw^itewith' their Heads Southward, at which time it was about Eight at Night, ^" "»■"' believing that in that Pofture they (hould not come near the North ^'"'""""' • Shore, but rather have driven with the Stream in the Mid-Chanel ; G g g g g z but. I 7 8 o Naval Traiif actions of the Englifli, Book V. but, on the contrary, as they lay with their Heads Southu ard, and the Winds Eafterly, in two Hours time he found himkh on the In danger on North Shorc, among the Rocks and Iflands, ac Icart fii'ccen Leagues the North farther than the Log-Line gave, where the whole Fleet had like to *1T 3"^ ^^^*^ ^^^^ ^°^' ^^^ ^^'"'" °^ ^'^'^ cfcaping the danger with the utmoft: Iflands. difficulty, but eight Tranlport Ships were call away, and almoft nine EkhtTranf- hundred Officers, Soldiers, and Seamen perilhed. port sh,p, loft. j^^ff-gnch Pilot (who, as it was laid, had been forty Voyages in this River, and eighteen of them in Command) informed him that when it happens to be ib foggy as to prevent the fight of the Laud, it is impoffible to judge of the Currents, or to fteer by any Courie, for that he himfelf had loft two Ships, and been another time caft away upon the North Shore when he judged himlclf near the South, inibmuch that it was extreme difficult to procure Men in France to proceed on fo dangerous a Navigation, fmce almoft every Year they fuffered Shipwreck. obfervation Thus it appeared how much things had been mifreprefented in Great Britain, by thole who pretended to aver that Fleets of Ships inight lately proceed up the River to Quebec, aud it was deraonftra- ble that the People oi Bojion knew not any ining of what they propoled, when Schemes were laid for Inch an Expedition. After this unhappy Diiafter, and when Sir Hovenden JValker had plied two Days with very frelh Gales between the Weft and the ■a Council of South, to lavc what Men, and other things he could, he called a War tailed. Couucil of Wat, and upon enquiring of the Pilots, (who had been forced on board the Ships by the Government of Ne'-sj England) :}udgd im- 2nd duly examining into every Circumftance, it was judged imprac- prafikabie to ticablc for a Fleet to get up to ^lebec, fmce there were lb many 5«K/./o Que- apparent Dangers, and no Pilots qualified to take the Charge ; be- fides, it was the Opinion of them all, both Englijh and French, that had the Squadron been higher up the River, with the hard Gales they met with, all the Ships would inevitably have been loft. At this Council of War there were, befides the Rear- Admiral, Cap- tain Jojeph Soanes, Captain John Alitchely Captain Robert Arris, Captain George Walton, Captain Henry Gore, Captain George Taddon, Captain John Cockbtirn, and Captain Augnjtine Roufe. The Conlultation being over, the Sapphire \\2iS lent to Bojion with an Account of the Misfortune, and the Moiintague to find out the Humber and 'Devonjhire, and to ftop all Ships bound up to ^lebec; and the Leopard being left with Ibme Sloops and Brigantines, to take any Men from the Shorc that might be laved, and to endea- 5irHovenden vour to weigh Ibme Anchors left behind, he proceeded to Spantjh Walker re- River in the Ifland oi Breton, the Rendezvous he had appointed, ^'^'^KiveT' ^^^^^ fo ^c perfe(itly informed of the State of the Army and Fleer, and to fettle Matters for their farther Proceedings, but all the Ships did not join till the 7th of September. A Council of The 8th Day, by Conlent of the General, he called a Council of Sea andLand^i^x of Sca and Land Officcts, where it w.-s confidcred whether. Officers. under their prclent Circumftauces, it was pra 1 7 1 2. 781 to ; but upon examining inro the Stare of the Provifions on board the iMcn of War and Tianlporrs, it was found there was but ten Weeks at Ihort Allowance in the former, and in the latter much Icis, fo that it was unanimoully agreed not any thing of that kind x.. Helens rhe x8ch of yjpril, with one Ship of the Third Rate, two of the Fourth, three of the Fifth, and one Sixth, arrived off of 'Flitnonth the next Day, havin-^ in his Company about one hundred Merchant Ships, but the Wind taking hira ihort, he was obliged to go into Port ; however he failed thence next Morning, when the Southfea Caftle, commanded by Captain Temple^ chaied, and took a Privateer of 14 Guns, and one hundred Men. On the 4th of May, being about fourteen Leagues from Cape Finijierre, which bore S. E. by S. he parced wirh tht Litchfield ztidi South fea-CaJile, and the Trade bound to Tort7J^al, and ar- riving at the Maderas the lo h, with the Alonniouth, Auq^ufl , Centurion, Scarborough, Roebuck and Jolley, one of which was of the Third Rate, two of the Fourth, two of the Fifth, and the other a Frigate of about 20 Guns, it was determined to leave the Barba- does Trade, which he met wirh here, under the Care of their pro- per Convoy, the IVoolia-ich, Swallow, and Lime, and to proceed as foon as the Ships had taken in Wme, as ulual ; but before this could be accompliflied the Barbadoes Convoy was ready, and they all lailed together the iBth. The 14th of June he arrived at Antegoa, where he was defired by the General of the Leeward IJlands lo to diipole of the Ships of War in the Weft-Indies, as that they might be ready to fuccour him, if another Infnrredtion iliou'd happen, which he afTured him he would do, by fending Ibme Ships from Jamaica, upon the firft notice from him that there was any Difturbance, and left Orders wirh C2i^xz.m Archibald Hamilton , who commanded the Ships at Barbadoes, to come to the Governor's AlTiftance at Antegoa in cafe of any mutinous Attempts. At that Ifland he found the Diamond and Experiment, two Ships of the Fifth Rare, which had taken a confidcrable Prize, and failing from thence the x6th of June, he arrived at Jamaica the dth of the next Month, where he was informed that Captain Mabbot of the M^ry Gaily, with his Lieutenant, and Mafter, after having very bravely behaved themiblves, were killed on the Coafl of Guinea^ Captain Ryddell of the Falmouth, and he, having there met with two French Ships, which, after a Iharp Engagement, got away from them. Upon Sir Hovenden Walker''^ coming to Jamaica, he was inform- ed by Commadore Littleton how the Ships which had been under his Command were dilpofed of in feveral cruifing Stations, who by Orders from the Lords Commidlnners of the Admiralty was to re- turn to England with the Defiance and Salisbury 'Prize, to- gether with the Trade, as loon as they Ihould be ready to fail ; but lome time after he fent him home a PafTenger in the former Ship, for Ihe only accompanied thole of the Merchants. The 15'th of July the Salisbury and Defia^ice came in from crui- fing, and brought with them a Prize which they took out of the * Harbour I Chap. XXXIII. /;"6>;// theTear 169S, to i-j \2. 783 Harbour of Santa Martha^ loadcn with Bale-Goods, after flie had been llink by a Hole the F?'cJich had made in her bottom; and the fame Day the Salisbury ^Prize came to Jamaica from cruifing on the North fide of that Ifland with a Sloop flie had taken, whofe Commander ^wo. him an Account that the J'r^r Bomb-VefTel, which failed from Jamaica with the Jct-fey, was loft upon the Ifland of Hetieazo. The 3d o^ Augjijl Captain Tbompfon of the Augiifl font in aVef- fel which he had taken, and the JVeymouth and Tryal Sloop came o'^"" ^^'^t^ in the next Day with a French Ship the latter had feized in the La- '"""'^^' '"• titude of iS'', in their return to Tort Royal from the Bay of Cam- peche, whither they had been fcnt by Commadore Littleton with the Sloops to cut Log-Wood. The Prifbners gave an Account that foon after Sir Hovenden Walker failed from Antegoa., Monfieur Cajfard with eight Ships of War, fcventeen or eighteen Sloops, and ^'^' "^ '^' about five thouland Men, had taken that Ifland and Monferat ; that go^^ani they had been at, and plundered St. J ago, (one of the Cape Verde Monfeut. Iflands) and attempted the 'Dutch Settlements at Surinam^ but were beaten off But this being the Report only of the French Priloners, it may not be improper to give a more particular Account of it, as related by Captain Hamilton, who (as hath been laid before) com- manded the Ships ftationed at Barbadoes , and that being done, I ihall return to the Squadron with Sir Hovenden TValker. On the 13th oi July a Veffel arrived at Barbadoes from Colonel ^Douglas., Governor of the Lee-jvar d IJlands , with Advice that a Fleet oi French Ships and Sloops had attempted to land Men on the Ifland oi Antegoa, and next Morning Captain Conjiable of the Amoreparti- T anther came alio thither, who informed Cuptz'm Hamilton that on iftheFnlmy-^ the xd of July he had been chalcd by ten Ships, five of which attempting feemed to be larger than his, which mounted ^o Guns, and four ^"'^'^^°^ ""'' Days after he hirafelf chafed a French Ship, whofe Boat he took up with two Men, by whom he was informed that the Ships he had feen were (even Men of War from Thoulon, commanded by Mon- fieur Caffard, from fo to 76 Guns, and that their Defign was to at- tack the Leeward IJlands. The lame Day another Advice- Boat came in, with an Account that the Enemy had attacked Monferat, whereupon the Governor oi Barbadoes called a Council, and dcfired the Captains of the Ships of War to aflift thereat, which were the JFoolwich, Captain Archibald Hamilton, the S-Ji-alloiz', Captain Drake, the T anther. Captain Conjiable, Burlington, Captain Clarke, and the Experiment, Captain Matthew Elford. As foon as the Ships could pofllbly be put into a Condition, Captain Hamilton, who commanded in Chief, proceeded with them to An- tegoa, where he arrived the 20th, and next Day the Captains meeting at a Council of War, they rcfolved to fail early the ^^A directly for Monferat. In their Paflage they met with an Advice- Boat, lent from Antegoa fome Days before, whofe Maftcr faid the French had plun- dered Monferat, and quitted it the i8th, whereupon our Ships re- turned to St. John's in Antegoa, and their Commanders propoied to go after the French, and appear off of their Ports, but to that the Governor 784 NavalTranfac}'ionsofthc^ng\i{h, BookV. Governor of the Lecjuard-ljlands was not confcnting, apprehending they might return and make a fecond Attempt. On the 2fth Thomas Richards^ Maftcr oi a Veflel belonging to Exeter^ came to Antegoa from Monferat , and gave an Account The Strength that the Frcjich Ships were the Neptmie of 64 Guns, and eight hun- 'shi^' ^T*^^ ^^^^ ^"^ ^^""^ ^^"' commanded by jMonfieur Cajfard, the Tcmc- MonfieurCii- Tdire of 5-6 Guns, the Ruby of 54, the 'Parfait, Veftale and Va- fard. leur^ each of 44, the Medufa of 36, and the 'Prince of Frieze of x8, all of them doubly mann'd. That he was taken by them the Z3d oi April out of the Road of the Ifle q{ May^ and that on the xfth they took Si.JagOy from whence they proceeded to and at- tempted Surinam, but were beaten off That then they failed to Martinica and Giiadahipe, where they took in Men, muderiug at lead three thoufand five hundred, and from thence made the beft of their way to Antegoa, but mifling landing there, attack'd Movfe- rat f when having Intelligence of our Ships coming to relieve it, they left it in a hurry, and intended for Martinica, from which Place three of them were to proceed to the Havana ; lo that after our Ships had (laid fome Days at Antegoa , they returned to their relj)edtive Stations. But on the zift oiAugnJi in the Evening a Sloop arrived at Bar- hadoesy with a Letter from the Governor of the Lecji-ard-IJlands, fignifying his Appreheufions that the Enemy would again attempt to land on Antegoa. Mr. Loivther, Governor oi Barbadoes, ac- quainted Captain Hamilton and Captain Confiable of this, and they, with the other Commanders, refolved to proceed to the Relief of the Illand. Accordingly they failed from Carlijle Bay the 15th in the Morning, and arriving the 30th, they were informed by the Go- vernor that the Enemy flood to the N. E. the 17th, with nine Ships and eight Sloops, and that he had fent out twoVefTcls to difcover their Motions. Here the Ships of War remained till the 4th of September^ and then getting under fail, they flood away for Guadalupe, looking into the Enemy's Harbours there, and at Martinica; but finding they were not at thofe Places, made the bcfl of their way to Bar- badoes. Newi of the The Maftcr of a Sloop which came in, gave them the following FrenchS2«4- Account. That on the i8th oi September, in the Latitude of 18% tlTy'uft "he he was chafed by a French Squadron, but Night coming on, got Leeward- cleat of them ; and that not above three Days after he law feveral Illands. Ships iu the Latitude of x6^y flanding Southward, which he fuppoled were the fame that had chafed him ; fb that the Panther being ready to fail with a confidcrable Number of Merchant Ships from Barbadoes to Great Britain, Captain Hamilton accompanied them into the Latitude of i6'', with the Ships under his Command, Icfl the Enemy fhould endeavour to intercept them in their PafTage Advice in the Returning to Antegoa, that there, if poflible, he might get Ad- mni^cf a ^^^^ of the French Squadron, he met with the Queen's Proclamation cejfation of for a Ceffation of Arms ; but when he came to Barbadoes, and Arms. heard that feveral of our Merchant Ships and VcfTcls were carried ^ into 1 Chap XXXiil fromfbcTear 16 ^S, to i-j 12. 785 into Mart'piica, contrary to the Agreement between both Nations, he Tent a Ship to demand them of Monficur Thelypeaux, General o{-" the French Ifland'^, upon which they were forthwith reftorcd ; and there being Icvcral French Prilbners at Barbadoes^ which were taken on the Coart o': Guinea, they were lent to the laid General. Having made this ihort Digreflion, I return now to the Squadrori zt Jamaica, where, on the 20th oi Augnft, there happened a terri- a temiu ble Hurricane, which cncreafing from Nine at Night, abated not till """''""'i "* near Twelve , doing a very great deal of Mifchief Mod of the ■'■*™^'"" Shingles of the Houies were blown away, iome of the Roofs were torn off, and a great part of the Walls laid flat with the Ground. The Lightening was very dreadful, ieeming like a continued Flame, while the Wind roared like Thunder. The Morning difcovcred a diimal Scene of Houfes ruined. Trees blown up, the Streets of the Town filled with Shingle and Rubbilh, the People in great Confter- nation, condoling one another's Misfortunes, and the Wefi: End of the Church with the Walls were entirely ruined ; the Governor's Houle fufFcred alio very much, nor were there many that elcaped without confiderablc Damage. Several People were drowned on the Shore in this Temped, the Sea forcing the Boats and Canoes a great way into the Land at Spa- nijh Town^ and waflied away the Houfes, io that what with the Wind and the Water there were not above two {landing, and iz\i or none of the Ships of War but what were either driven on fhore, loft their Marts, or were othcrwife dilabled. The Hofpital was blown down to the Ground, and feveral of the fick People killed ; and oa the ift oi September a Third Rate Ship, the Monmouth, which had been on the Coaft oi H/fpaniola, came in with Jury Mafts, having loft her proper Mafts in the Violence of the Weather, and had not her Main mart given way, Ihe muft (as her Commander believed) have inftantly overfet. After this not any thing of Moment happen'd till the Proclama- Proclamation tious for the CcH^ation of Arms were brought into thole Parts; for ^""^ 'V^'^"?, 11^ 11 ^ on oj jirms at to enlarge on the Dilputes which frequently happen d between the Jamaica. Sea and Land Officers, the unjuftifiable Dcfertion of the Seamen, tempted away by the Commanders and Owners of Privateers, and the intolerable Infolence of thole People, would be too tedious to receive Place in thele Sheets, Suffice it therefore that I acquaint you, when the Damages were repaired which the Ships received in the Hurricane, Sir Hovendeu IValker, purfuaut to the Orders he re- ceived from the Lords of the Admiralty, repaired homewards, and ?/>Hovenden arrived off of Tiover the i6th of May 1713. .^/jj^^ £v land. Hhhhh Chap. lS6 Naval Tranf actions of theEnglifh, BookV. ■ ' \ Chap. XXXIV. Conta'wwg an Account of Sir Thomas Hardy's Proceed- ings off of Dunkirk, and In the Soundings j as alfo of the delivering up of Dunkirk when Sir John Leake commanded the Fleet, L' Eaving Affairs in remote Parts for feme time, I proceed to give an Account of what was done at home. Sir Thomas Hardy, Rtar- Admiral of the Blue, being appointed to command a Squadron of Ships to obferve the Motions of thofe of the Enemy at "Dun- 1711. kitky he hoiftcd his Flag the id ot May on board the Canterbury, a Ship of 64 Guns, and having examined the Mafter of a Prize be- longing to the aforelaid Port, he was informed by him that there had failed ihcnce within ten Days eight Privateers, one of 28, one of z6, and one of 10 Guns, and another of 6, the other four opea Boats, and that as eight more were fitting out from 30 to 10, (b were the Carpenters at work in making the Grafton^ (a Ship of 70 Guns taken from u*^) and four others ready for the Sea. The lift of Alay he failed from the 'Downs, and came off of 'Dunkirk with four Fourth Rates, two Fifths, and two of the Sixth, when tending in three of the faid Ships to FLemijh Road, they for- ced into the Port two Privateers of about lo Guns each, and a Dogger which carried 8 , while the Enemy fired at them from the Platforms at the Peer-heads. He difcovered fix Ships in the Bajin, four of which were of about 5'o or 60 Guns, and the other two fmall ones, all unrigg'd ; thirty Veflels were in the Peer not ready for the Sea, and he was informed that Captain Saus was fitting out a Ship of 50 Guns, with three Privateers of 14, i6, and i8, fo as to be ready to fail in fourteen Days. Having farther Advice the i8th of their Naval Preparations at Dunkirk, he took care to keep good looking out with three Ships he had with him, the others being then abfent, but three of them Some fmall camc in the ift oi June from cruifing, having taken eight fmall priz.ts taken. Piizes, which wcrc not worth the Charge of condemning ; and foon Pruffians per- after he received Orders to permit the Subjeds of Truffia to trade ""'"/ !o ^° France without Moleftation. France. The iith oi May he had with him in the Downs one Ship of the Third Rate, four of the Fourth, one of the Fifth, one Sixth, and a Sloop; and receiving Advice that the Ruby, of fo Guns, for- merly taken from us, was coming from Morlaix, in Bretagne, to Calais, and Dunkirk., with five other loaden Ships of about lo Guns each, he appointed fome of his Squadron to cruife for them on the French Coaft, but they had not the good Fortune to meet with them. The CuA?.XXXlY.fromtheTeari6^S,toiji2. 787 The i6rh of June one of our Ships called the Advice, a fmall Fourth Rare, commanded hy Kenneth Lord T>iifrnsy was chafed near Tarmoiith by levcral French Privateers, whicli he engaged a confi- derable time, and even until his Sails and Rigging were almofl: torn ill pieces, and many of his Men killed and wounded, fo that atJength ^» Englifl, Jie was conflraincd to yield, after he had hiralelf received eio he '*•'';''-''''"'■' '^' Wounds. Being carried \\\x.o 'Dunkirk^ the Officers and People of "*''"'''*'"'• that Place treated him very civilly, but thofe who belonged to the Privateers ftripped both his Lordlhip aud his People of all they had, even their wearing Apparel. The 17th oijuly the 'Duwwich and JVhlteing Slonp ran one of the French coalling Convoys, of about i6 Guns, on fhore, and the Hafnpjhire, Cruiftr, and Difcovery Dogger brought into the 'Downs other Prizes the 3irt: five Prizes which they met with o{l' of Cape Antifer. ''*'-"*• Sir Thomas Hardy being in Tarmouth Roads the 8th oi Auguft^ he received Orders to proceed as far Northward as the Iflands of Orkneys with the Trade bound to RuJJia., and to fend lome of the Ships that were with him to the Tjonjuns^ there being Advice that Monfieur Saus was gone out from 'Dunkirk; and with thefe Or- ders he received others, requiring him to proted: all Neutral Ships which might have Goods on board belonging to Her Majelly's Subjects. Being joined by the J?///^'^ Trade , he guarded them as far as ^'> Thomas Schetland, and lending them forward from thence with their pro- o \v^^^'"/' ' I c-T^ .^^ I Kulu.1 Trade per Convoy, he returned to the Do'Ulius^ where receiving Orders to as far as proceed Weftward, he arrived at Tlhnouth the 23d of O^s^rr, ^'^'ie'''>nd, and being required, towards the latter end oi December, to look ^,"^/,'^^£'^''' out for Monfieur Dn Cajffe, he determined to put to Sea with fuch '^'»rd. four Ships of his S /-^ II Soundings. lixtccn Leagues. The 3d ot tcbruary he took the Feter Gaily, of about no Tuns, which lailed from St. Domingo the nth oi De- cember , the Maftcr whereof affured him that Monfieur D:t Ca.ffe was not ready to come from Martinico, when a Sloop which he had Ipoken with before he left St. Domingo failed from theuce, but when that was his Memory did not ferve him to tell with any Cer- tainty. The 13th o{ February he took a Privateer from T>unkirk of lo ,j p,;^^,„, Guns, which had been cruifiug with four more between Cape Fini- taken. jterre and the Rock oi Lisbon \ and on the nft of March the H h h h h i Maftcr 788 NavalTrafifaBionsoftheYngVitti, BookV. Matter of a fmall Prize informed him that Monfieur 'Du Cue Tro- vine was at 'Paris ; that three of his Ships from the JVejl-lndies were not arrived, one of 70, one of 60, and another of 54 Guns, and that the Mars^ which had loft all her Mafts, was put into feme Port of Gallicia. Havinw got four Ships of his Squadron refitted and vid:uallcd at Tlimouth^ (to which Port he was obliged to return) he put to Sea uidvke of with them, and had Intelligence that Monfieur 1)11 Cajfe arrived at Monfieur Dm [hc Groyuc the 7th oi February , with only one Ship of 60 Gro^^ne' '^" ^""^ ^" '^'^ Company , and that as foon as the Spanijh Money "^"^^ was landed, he was to repair to Madrid^ but that the Ships foUow- inof would be ready to iail the i8th, namely, the St. Michael of 76 Guns, the 60 Gun Ship before-mentioned, and one of 4c, toge- ther with the Mars of 60 Guns, which was one of Monfieur 1>u Gue Trovine's Squadron, and being difabled, they would take her in a Tow. This made him ufe his utmoft Endeavours to get off o^ Breft^ in hopes of meeting them, but Ipeaking with the Maftcr of a VefTel on the 13d belonging to Hamburgh^ which came irom B our dean x, he gave an Account that the S. MichaePs Boat had been on board him other intelii- lomc Days before, about thirty Leagues Weft ward of ^^-//^T/Z?, and ligenct of he exadtly defcribcd the other Ships before-mentioned , which , as Monfieur. |^g f^jj^ ftood N. E. to go thtough rhe Race ofFonteuay^ inlbmuch Du Caiie. ^j^^^ ^^ bdievcd they got into Sreji the 21ft. Sir Thomas Hardy had but little Succefs againft the Enemy be- fore the beginning of Auguji, when chafing fix Ships and a Tartan, one of them hoifted a broad white Pendant at Main-top-raaft Head, ihorteued Sail, and making the Signal for a Line of Battel, tacked, and ftood towards him, believing (as it was afterwards owned) that P ^ our Ships were Privateers of F///yZ'/;/^, with two Prizes ; but when Squadron dif- thcy camc nearer, and found themlelves deceived, they kept their covered, and Wjnd, aud made all the Sail thcy could, as our Ships did after them, mL?*^ ' " every one endeavouring to come up as foon as it was poffible. At Five in the Afternoon Sir Thomas coming near one of them, which was the Griffin^ a Ship of the King's, but lent out to the Mer- chants, of 44 Guns, with tw^o hundred and fifty Men, commanded by the Chevalier D'Aire, Knight of the Order of St. Louis y ftie Ihortened fail, and brought to, when fending fome of his Officers on board our Flag, he let him know by them that he was bound with Bale Goods to La Vera CruZy and that before he failed from Brefiy he received Letters from Tar is ^ afTuring him he might in few Days expcd: the Queen of Great Britain's Pafs, but that his Friends adviled him not to lo!b an Opportunity of a Wind by flay- ing for it ; to which he was anfwered, that if he had not the Pals on board the Ship was lawful Prize, whereupon he fubmitted with- out any Refiftance. Sir Thomas Hardy fent his Lieutenant to the Ship ncareft him, with Dirediions to her Commander to afllft in taking PofTeflTion of the Prize, and not fhortening Sail himfclf, with the reft of the Ships under his Command chaled the remainder of the Enemy, who made all Chap. XXXIV. from theTear 1 6 ^8, r^ 1 7 1 2. 78 y all rhe fail that polTibly they could, rvvo of them, with the Tartan, keeping their Wind, a[)d the other two going away large. The Bev^ick chal'cd toWlndvvard, while Sir TT^ow^j-, in the A>«f, where he bore his Flag, and the JVuidjbr^ ftood after tl)e other two ; but as the Wind dullered, and was Ibmetimcs quite calm, the Whidfor now lay acrols him, and then had a Gale of Wind when he had none at ali. However the laid Ship Jrindfor^ about Eleven ac Nighr, came wirhin random Shot of the St.Efprit, of 36 Guns, and one hundred and levcnty five Men, bound with Bale-Goods to Cadiz, and after they had engaged near an Hour, (lie blew up, jufl: at the ^French time when, as her Commander laid, he was going to ftrikc, bur he, •^*V ^•■'■"^ «/•• with thirty of her Men, were faved by our Boats. The Bev^'ick took the Adventure of Havre de Grace, carrying II Guns, and forty Men, bound to Neij:jfoinidlnnd, but her Mafter producing the Queen's Pals, Ihe was permitted to proceed on her Voyage. The laid Ship took alfo x\[q. U hi cotrif arable, of 16 Guns, ^ French deftgned for Martinica ; but the other of 8 Guns, and the Tartans ^'/'P'''^">h p , _,. , ' , n I 1 I 1 r. '"* Berwick. made their Elcjpe ; however the Kft&j/ was towed by her Boats to the Ship of iz Guns, which ihe took, being alio called the Ruby, and was bound to St. Tiomingo. The before- mentioned Ship Griffin being brought into Port, and the Perlbns concerned in her -rolicituig a confiderable time very ear- neftly for her Relcale, as Sir Thomas Hardy did for her Condemna- tion, that fb flie might, with her Loading, be divided between hira- felf and the Captors, they were at length conftraincd to quit their Pretenfions for a Sum of Money which was very ihort ot her real Value. Sir John Leake, as Admiral of the Fleet, commanding in the Chanel in the Yeari7ii, little or nothing remarkable happen'd ; for j,jj_ fince the Defeat given ihc French the preceding War o(f of Cape Barfleur by the Earl of Orford, and the Deftnidion of lb many of their capital Ships then forced on ihore at La Hogtic and Cherbourg, and the Wounds they orherwile received in their Naval Force, they did not think it advileablc to come forth with any confiderable Num- bers in thele Seas, but have either divided them into linall Squadrons, or the French King hath contented himlelf in lending his Royal Ships to Merchants, to lerve as Privateers, or on trading Voyages, ia either of which Cafes he hath had a Proportion of the Profit; or if any Number of his Ships hath been let forth together in a war- like manner, they were chiefly employed to annoy our foreigji Iflands and Plantations, and the Trade in thoie Parts ; for never after the Defeat before- mention'd would they encounter us with a Fleet, un- lefs it was when Sir George Rooke engaged them off oi Malaga, of which I have given an Account in its proper Place. The next Year Sir "John Leake received a Commiffion from the 1711. Lords of the Admiralty to command again in the Chanel, and it was upon occafion oi Tin a kirk's being to be delivered up ro Ibme ot nunkirk de- the Troops oi Great Britain, under ^the Condudt of Lieutenant Gc- '^^'/if^^'^^^^ neral /////," which having ktn cffcded, he returned ro the 'Do'wns, j'^,^,] leaving rfic Troops in that Garrifon to take care that what remained to 75*0 NavalTranfa8ionsoftheEngli{hy BookV. to be performed was put in Execution, namely, its Demolition after the Peace {hould take place. We will therefore thus end our Naval Affairs at home, and con- clude the whole of this Work with Vice- Admiral Baker's Proceedings while he commanded a Squadron on the Coafl of Tr'ortugal^ and then of what happen'd remarkable during Sir John JemiiTivs's be- ing at the head of our Ships of War in the Mediterranean. Chap. XXXV. Contammg an Account of V'tce- Admiral Baker'^ Proceed- ings while he commanded a Squadron on the Coafl of Portugal. Vice- Admiral Baker being on the Coan: of ^Portugal in Ja- nuary^ with five Ships of the Third Rate, one of the Fourth, and two of the Fifth, purfuant to a Treaty of Alliance between Her Majefty and that Crown, for protedling not only the Coaft, but the 'Portuguefe Trade, it was on rhe 4rh of February determined at a Council of War, upon confidcring Orders which he had received from the Lords of the Admiralty, to proceed with all the Ships under his Command as a Guard to the Storelhips, Vidluallers, and Tranfporr?, bound to 'Port Mahoit for Supply of the Fleet, off of Cafe SparteLly or into the Streights Mouth, and thence to lend two Men of War with them to Gibraltar^ and that then the reft of the Squadron flrould cruife either in fight of the faid Cape, or that of St. Mary'Sy or between both, for intercepting the Enemy's homeward bound Ships, there being a Report that Monfieur 'Du Cajffe (whom we have lately had occafion to mention) was expedled in Ibme Parts in France with the Span'tjh Galleons ; but that how- ever the Squadron fhould return, fo as to be at Lisbon by the ift of March, O. S. Puriuant to this Refolution the Vice- Admiral failed the 8th of Baker7rWj February, and on the 2 5'th was informed by two T)ntch Runners, tocrmfe from ^vhich camc in fix Weeks from the Ifland of St. Thomas, that two Days before they came away they had an Account Monfieur 2)« Ca,jfe was failed from Martinico with his Squadron, and about four- teen Merchant Ships. On the i6th o'l February, e'er he received this Advice, he chafed a Ship about twelve or thirteen Leagues fiom Cape St. Mary"?,, which ran on fliore and funk on a Bank, as they afterwards found, when the Weather would permit them to look nearer in towards the Land, and the Portuguefe having taken Pof- feffion, rifled her all they could, her Loading being Sugar, Cocoa, Snuff", and Hides, and (as it was reported) Ihe had Plate on board to the value of twenty thoufand Dollars. This was a Ship of 60 Guns, Vict-AimiraX Baker;' to criiij Liiihoa ! Chap. XXXV.fro?n theTcar i (^^S, f^ 1 7 1 2. 75) i Guns, termed a 'Patache to the Galleons ; and as ilie was forced on on Ihore by ours, the Vice- Admiral, by a Memorial to the King of 'Porttigal, demanded the Effedts belonging to her ; but the lame being privately iecured in various Hands, he could not have any Redrels. Seeing Ibme other (Irangc Ships the izd in the Morning, he came up with them clofe under the Barbary Shore, and one of them, loadeu with Salt, Ibmc Wool, and Cochinele for Martinica, was taken, the other efcaped. The Prize had %6 Guns, but her People a French threw eleven of them overboard, who confirmed the aforemention'd ^*'> "*«»• Report about Monfieur l^u Cajfe's Squadron, with this Addition, that he iailing from Mart'in'ica-> loft Company with his Convoys in ten Days time, lb that they doubted not but he was arrived in France, or fome other Port in Bifcay. The Vice- Admiral arriving ^x. Lisbon the 8th of March, received vke-Admirai Orders from England to cruife with five Ships of War for the Se- Biker orutch dilappointed him in convoying the Tortuguefe Eajilndia Ships, he determined to fend a Fourth Rate Frigate with them to the Wcftern Iflands, which Ship might join him in the Station where he defigned to place himfelf for the Brafil Fleet ; and as for guarding the Streights Mouth, he had de- termined to order Captain Maurice to cruife there with a imall Squadron. The 6th of May the Vice- Admiral arrived in the Road of Fayal, and was then going to cruife with Five Third Rates, together with the 'Pembroke, between ten and twelve Leagues Weft of the Ter- cera Iflands, for the aforemention'd Ships from Brajil, having taken yce- Admiral a Ship of XX Guns of Monfieur Cafard's Squadron, bound to Ca- li.ker takes a nada with Wine and Brandy, which Ship left him the loth of4^^^A)J^/(^,,S'x N. S. without the Streights Mouth , ftanding Weft ward , bur her i^^^^^^. Commander did not certainly know whither he was bound. He laid there were with him fifteen hundred Soldiers, forty flat bottom- ed Boats ready framed, with fcaling Ladders, and all thiogs proper for a Defcent, and that his Squadron confifted of one Ship of 76 Guns, one of 60, one of 5-4, two of 44, one of 41, one of 14, and a Ketch, which agrees with the Account I have already given of him when he came to, and attempted our Leeward IJlands. On the 9th of y«/y Vice Admiral Baker was in ormed by fome Prifoners, that the Squadron was firft defigned for^ the Canaries to take in Wine, or to force fome Provifions at St. Jago, (which, as hath 792 NavalTranfaSions of the Englifh, Book V. hath been already faid, he plundered) and chat then Monfieur Ca/^ fard was to proceed to Bahiuy io that polFibly he might arrive there before the Brafil Fleet iailed, unlels they came away by the end oiMay; but he had hopes, from Intelligence he had received, that they might have reached that Place by the i8th of that Month, N. S. becauie they were under Tail from Rio de Janeiro the 30th of April. The Provifions of the Ships under his Command being reduced to five Weeks, at ftiort Allowance, it was almofl: time for him to think of drawing towards 'Portugal ; however, being apprehenfive that if the Brajil Fleet were failed before the French Squadron ar- rived, they would follow them to the Terceras^ where they were obliged to call, he determined to remain in his Scation as long as it was polTiblc, and in order thereunto prevailed with the Tortuguefe to furnifli him with frelh Provifions for three Weeks. Off of the Iflauds of Tercera he continued cruifing until the nth oi Seft ember y when meeting ^.Tortuguefe Frigate, her Commander A^v'iu of the informed him that he left the Fleet three Days before, twenty Leagues Braiii Yieet. |-j.Qj^ Corvo, and that he believed they would be that Day at An- gra^ the chief Town of the Ifland Tercera. Soon after he had this A violent Advicc, a violent Storm arofe, which very much Ihattered the Ships, Storm jhatters and dtovc him lb far away that he could not fetch the Ifland again ; the squadron. ^^^ judging that it muft alfo have the fame Effed on the Brajil Fleer, he made an eafy Sail towards Lisbon^ in orcer to pick up fuch as Ihould be ftraggling from their Convoys, but had no Sight, or Intelligence of them, till he came off of the Rock, when he Tfc«BrafilF/«r found they arrived the very Day before he made the Land ; and fince arrive, and ^^ the Ccflation of Arms foon after happened, the Squadron of Ships Baker called Under his Command was called home, and the Expence of the Na- home. val Officers at Lisbon retrenched Chap. Chap. XXXVI. from theTcar 1 6 ^S^ to i-j 12. 75*3 Chap. XXXVI. Contahinig an Account John Jen- Admiralty to detain Sir John Norris with him in the Meditcrra- »■ '?s crhrcd neany until he Ihould receive farther Inftrudtions concerning him, and j^.-i^Noms he appointed Ibme Ships, under the Command of Captain ii'w^;//(?/^ *, -.I'tth him. to join the Turky Convoy at the appointed Rendezvous, and accom- "'f{'"fl^'"' — " ~ '. ~ 7~ ~ ' ' Convoy, iic. • Since Comptroller oj the Nuvy. I i i i i pany 7^4- NavalTranfaElmis of the Engliih, Book V. pany them in their homeward bound Voyage well out of the Str eights ; befides which he flrcngthencd the Convoy with Troops and Corn from Sardinia, the King of Spain informing him that there had been lately icen o^ oi Barcelona five large Ships, with the Colours ulii- al]\^ born by thofc belonging to the Government o'i Algier. .;> John Nor- Sir 'Johii Norvts arrived at Barcelona with the Troops from Vado ris coimi to tiie 8th of May., and on the 19th of that Month Vice-Admiral Ba- ^^lv\e-^id ^^^' joined Sir John Jennings at To/t Mahon with grcatefl: part of w,r4/Ba;:er the Scjuadron, Sir John Norris himfelf continuing in Barcelona /flPort Ma- j^oad, at the Dcfire of the King oi Spain, with the Boyn, and fome """■ other Ships, as hath been before obferved, where Sir John Jennings arrived the ift oi June, from whence he proceeded to cruile off of s«john Jen- Thoulon, and the Coaft oiTrovince, to intercept the Enemy's Con- ning? f'-o^e^^j voy with Corn from. the Z,e^'^;;^, and lent three Ships to Genoa to fl/o/ rhou- ^j.2j^gjhgf, f]-,c lii^e Number which were coming from that Place with Money for the Troops in Catalonia, then almoft in a ftarving Con- dition, having no other Credit than what the Duke of Argyle pro- cured for them. Tki AAmirai The Empcror Jofcph being lately dead, the Admiral received Or- ordtredtocai- {Jcrs thc beginning oi Jnne, while o^ oi Thoulon, to carry the King 7 '^-^ fo'ce"^ ^^ ^^zi;/ to Genoa, or where elie his Majefty fhould defire, in cafe noa^^Kww ti^e he thought fit to go to his Hereditary Countries, as alfo to give Na- Death'o/ thi pig^ what Afiiftancc he could, upon any Commotions which might Emperor. happen ac this Juncture of Affairs ; whereupon it was determined at somt ships a Council of War to fend two Ships of the Third Rate, one of the >'»f«Napies. Fourth, and another of the Fifth, with two of the States-General's Ships, to the aforefaid Kingdom of Naples, as alio to affifl: in cale any Attempts fliouid be made on the Garrifons oi Orbitello, or 'Piombino, and to add another Frigate to that which was going with Difpatches to thc King of Spain, and the Duke of Argyle. The King was not inclinable to go to Italy until he received an Account that he was declared Emperor, nor was he willing that the Body of the Fleet fliould be out of Sight of his Capital in Catalonia ; and now the Admiral having received farther Orders relating to Sir s/> John Nor- John Norris, it was determined to fend him to Great Britain with ris ordered i\ixQ.Q. Ships of the Third Rate, as many of the Fourth, and two Fifth john'jen-^"^ Rate Frigates, with the empty Storeniips,Vidnallers, andTranfports^ ning^ repairs And thcrc being a Necefiity for Sir John Jennings to proceed with to Mahon. j|^g Ships undcr his Command to 'Port Mahon, not only to refit them, but for a Supply of Provifions, he failed from Barcelona the 13th of July, and arrived there the i8th. Next Day the Turky Fleet appearing ofT of that Port , he gave Captain Cornwall, Commadore of that Convoy, Orders to proceed to Majorca, the Place of Rendezvous for the Storefliips, and other The Turky Vcficls bound home, from whence he failed in Company of Sir John Trade /cut Norris thc i6th of July, and Sir John Je?mings himlelf proceeded johii Koxn'[ fo Barcelona. Thc Ships ordered for Great Britain being thus le- parated from the Fleet, it may not be improper to inform you how thofc which remained in thc Mediterranean wer^ at this time dil^ poled of, which was as follows, 'viz. » Ac Chap. XXX VI. fro7n the Tear i6^S,to iji2. 7^5 At Barcelona there were wich Sir J olm J ejniings one Second W"'"' 'W« Rate, fiveThiids, one Fourth, and ieven 'Z)/^/"f /j , under the Com- "''^"':\ 7" mand of Vice- Admiral Tetter fen. There were cleaning at TortZZ" dijpoje'j Mabon one Fourth and two Fitch Rites ; and two of the Third "f- Rate, with one of the Fifth, were gone to 'Vert Mabnn for Mo- ney, and to protc(5l the Genoefe Ships employed in rhe King of Spa'tn\ Service. Two Fourth Rates were ordered to Genoa, and there were expcdlcd from Naples two Ships of the Third, one of the Fourth, and one Fifth of ours with three "Dutch Frigates ; be- fides which there were gone to Lisbon one Third Rate, one Fourth, and another of the Fifth. The King oi Sfuin embarking the i6th o'l September, arrived in Vado Bay in ten Days, being attended by the Admiral, and twenty rhe King of four Ships of War, and failing rhencc, was foon after landed at San Sp"" carried Tietro d't Arena, a Suburb oiGenoa; but to guard the Coaft of Ca- '" '''^'^" talonia in the Abicncc of ib great a part of the Fleet, there were left four Englijh, and two 'Dutch Ships of War. There being a very great want of Cables, and other Stores, the Admiral proceeded to Livorne, in order to procure what could be had there, and the i8tli o( Oifober the Superbe and Tartar, the firft commanded by Captain Monepenny, and the larter by Captain -j-ivo rich Ogle, brought in two rich Prize's coming from the Levant. I'm-es taken. The id of November the Admiral lailcd from Livorne, and in two Days arrived in Vado Bay, whereby the loth there were embarked (even hundred and twenty Horfe, and upwards oi two hundred and HorfeandFooi forty Foot ; but fmce the Winter Scafbn was fo far advanced, it was "-iarku at not thought lafe for the whole Fleet to go to Barcelona^ lb that the c^nvo\d"to ' Tranfports were put under the Protedtion of five Ships of War, and Barcelona. two Fire'hips, commanded by Captaiii S'l^anton, and three ot the Ships of rhe States-General, which were to accompany rhe Admiral as farWcftward as Cape Rofes, and then, upon a Signal, toleparjte, at which tiine the Body ot the Fleet proceeded towards Ton Ma- t c Admiral hon, whither the others were ordered to repair when they had lecn 'l'''"'"^' '" the Tranfports in Safety, that ^o the Admiral might make a Detach- ment to guard the Coafl: oi'Tortiigal, purliiant to the Oiders he had received; and lome Cruifcrs were lent to the Streights Mouth for Security of our Trade, but more elpecially that of the Levant Com- pany. When he had made the Tfl and of Minorca, the Wind came up at a hard caU N. E. and blew extreme hard, infomuch that he was conftraincd to "^ ''''""'• come to an Anchor on the Wed fide of it, but moft of the Ships Sails blew away from the Yards; however he got into 'Port Ma- hon the next Day, and the Captains of the two Ships which he found there inlorming him that he had heard many Guns fired rhe Night before, he lent out the Chatham and JVinchelfea to Ice what they could dilcover, which returning next Day, hroughr him an Ac- count that the ©r/Ar/j Vice- Admiral, with his Squadron, (who was driven to Leeward when he anchored) was in the Offing, as alio Captain Mighils tn the Hampton Comt , with rhe Sterling Cajile, Nottingham, Charles Gaily, and Lynn, which Ships of ours came I i i i i i from 7 ^ ^ NavalTranfacl'wns of the Englifh, BookV. from the Coaft oi Catalonia , and had fallen in with two French Men of War, called the Tboulofe, and Trident, of 50 Guns, and four hundred Men each. T^^Hamp- The Hampton Court came up with the firfl of them, and engaged ton-Court her two Hours, to vvhofe Commander by the time the Sterling-Cafile '£fofmr^ was within Musket-lhot, (which was about Ten at Night) fte (truck; but by the Advantage of little Winds the Trident got aw ay with her Oars. The Harnpton-Court's Malls being much wounded in the Fight, they, by the Violence of the Weather, came next Day all by the board, ib that ihe was towed into Port by che Sterling-, Cajtle. The Reftora- About the fame time the Rejloration, a Ship of 70 Guns, was tion lofi. loit on the back-fidc of the Mallora, off oi Livorne, but all her Officers and Men iaved ; nor fared it better with a Saetia, that had on board to the Value of about four thoufand Crowns, which 4 Ihe was bringing from one of the Ports of Corjica. The firft Captain of the Tboulofe was Monfieur Le Grand Trie, and the fecond Captain Righy, an Englijhmaii^ who had formerly bore Command in our Fleet. From the former of them the Admi- ral accepted his Parole of Honour for fix Months, but the latter he detained, although Monfieur Le Grand Trie afifured him he was na- turalized in France, and was become a Roman Catholick ; but fome way or other he found means to efcape, and it was believed he got into a Ship of Genoa, which lay in the Harbour of Alahon. Vice- Admiral At IcDgth Vicc- Admiral Baker, who had been detained by con- ^^ktxprocceds trdry Winds, failed with the Ships appointed to be under his Com- Yox'-l^T^^''^ ^^^^ to the Coaft of Tortugal, of whofe Proceedings, while there, '"■ ' I have already given an Account; and now fviz. in the Month 17^4. of JanuaryJ the Difpofition of the Ships w^as as follows, viz. at How the ships Tort Mahon one Second Rate, one Third, one Fircfhip, twoBomb- wrsdnded. VcfTels, two Hofpital Ships, and fix Dutch Men of War. Gone to Lisbon, five Third Rates, one Fourth, two Fifths, and a Firelhip. A Third and Fourth Rate were lent to Naples, and four "Dutch Ships were expe<3:ed from thence. Two Fourth Rates were on the Coaft of Italy, and one Fifth lent to Barcelona, as were alfo to that Coaft One Ship of the Third, one of the Fourth, and two Dutch, with the Duke of Ar gyle. Two Fifth Rates, and one of the Ships of the States- General were gone to Tarragona, and a Third Rate, a Fourth, and a Fifth, fent to convoy a Ship with Naval Stores from Gibraltar. One Fourth Rare was difpatched to Cagliari, and thence to Livorne, and one of the Third, and another of the Fourth, were ordered on a Ihort Cruife. The Admiral receiving Advice, while at Tort Mahon, that the Ad-j'ice of Enemy were fitting out at Thoulon eight Ships from 70 to 60 Guns, fome ships ^ yyjt;}^ three of 40 each , and that they were bound to Cadiz, and Thoulon!"' thence to the JVeJl-hidies, he called a Council of War the iift of February, and it being found that the Ships under his Command could not go to Sea, until they had Supplies of Provifions from Italy, it was determined to lend a Frigate with this Intelligence to Vice- Admiral Baker at Lisbon, that fo he might ftrengthen the Con- 1 voy Chap. XXX \^i.//^6?/7/ the Tear i 6 <^S, to i-j 12. 797 voy from thence with the Storcihips and Viduallers, and that ns foon as the Englijh and 'Dutch Ships arrived from Italy, the Admi- ral ihould cruile between 'Fort Alabon and Capt? de Gates, not only to piotecil the laid Convoy, but to intercept the Enemy. The Convoy being fafely arrived at Tort Mahon, and the Ad- con-uo^ with tnira! receiving, farther Intelligence of the Enemy's Naval Prepara- ^'■""Wj tions, not only by ray Letter, but 'ixom Wx.Chet^jjyvd, Refldent /'',i^f^'?;f "^n?- ac Genoa, and Coniul Crow zx. Livorvc,, it was refblved at a Coun- '^ Aarrivelit oil of War, both of the £';/^/i//? and T>ntcb, the inhD.\y of March, ^^""coll^^u"} to proceed to Sea with one Second Rare, three Thirds two of the iva/Tenr- Fifch, and two Firelhips of ours, together with nine Ships of the '"'"^ '<> p^o- States- General, and cruile ten or twelve Leagues S. S W. from Ca/^e Thouk)n^ Thoulon, until more certain Advice could 1^/^ined of the Enemy's Proceedings ; but Captain JVallpole of the Lyon joining the Fleet from Genoa, and giving an Account that he law from the Mart: head, the 2 id of March, nine tall Ships fleering to the Wcllward, with the Wind at E. S. E, the N.W. Point of the Ifjand of Minorca then bearing S. W. by S. about ten Leagues off, it was relolvcd at a Coun- cil of War, held the next Day, to proceed to the Southward of Refoiuthn a- Majorca and Tvifa^ and endeavour to intercept the Enemy between i>.y:ntch Ships to Ltvorne fox foceedt toU- Provifions where he came the 7th of May, from whence he font out clean Ships to cruile, and was preparing to return to Genoa with the reft, to concert Mealures for the Embarcation, and, if poHlble, to prevent making two Voyages on that Service. But here it may not be improper to take notice that the JVinchelfea joining him the i8rh of April, her Captain gave an Account that while he was at Gibraltar, he law a Squadron of French Ships pals through the Advut of Str eight i, whereupon he lent a Frigate to look into Thoulon, whole Frcnch^i% Coraraauder, Ca^um Haddock, la w^ but four Ships in ihc Ba/in which ZLlh'L were Mrcights. q^S NavalTrati'facfiorisoftheEngViih, BookV. were rigged; nor did they intend, by all the Advices which couid be gaincJ, to fie out more than fix Ships from. 80 to 50 Guns, which were to be font, two and two, to Smyrna ai.d Scandc?oon. The x3d of May Sir John Jennings lailcd from Vado with fix 5/Vjolin Jen- iE^w^/i//^ Ships, and looked in at 'Thoulon, where he law but oneSliip m-^pUoks in Q^ Y^ar of 50 Guns ready for the Sea, with one or two of greater at riioiilon. pQj.^,g jj-, j.}^^ Bafin, for at this time the French were in great wane of Naval Stores. From thence he proceeded and joined the T)utch Vice- Admiral, with theTranlportii that had on board theru abo it fix thoufand five hundred Men, which were put on Ihore in two Days time ; and his Imperial Majefty and Count Staremburgh^ "•'g'ngj ^c a Conference, the Neccflu) ot bringing the Cavalry from Italy, it Ke[oivti to was relblved to return to Vado\ but fince the Enemy were tranf- froi:te(ito\'\- porting Provlfions and Ammunition from Carthagena to Tenifcolay Ihe cZltf '"^ ^^'^^ thought nectlTary to fend ihrcc Englijh Ships, and two of the from thence. 'Dutcb, to cruifc upou the Coaft of Valcntia^ and after they had fo done for lome time, to lie either within, or without t\i(i St r eights, to annoy the Enemy ar.d proted: our Trade, which Ships were put under the Command of Captain Morrice of the Canterbury. The Admiral (ailing from Vado with the Tranlports the 17th of rht Tranf- July, arrived at Barcelona the 7th of Angnjl, and about the 7th of forti condttd- September he received the Queen's Orders Tor aSufpenfion of Arms by [ona" ^"" Sea and Land, and a Letter trom the Lord Viicount Bolingbroke, thea sufpenfion of at Tar IS, figni ying to him Her Majefty's Commands that he lliould Arms. jjQ[ moleft a great French Corn Fleet bound from the Levant to the Coaft oi 'Provence which he had for almofl: ten Weeks bvcu looking out for, and, in order to the intercepting them, had fo di- vided the Fleet on particulaF, and proper Stations, that it was next to an ImpolTlbility they could have efcaped. Continuing at Barcelona, in order to his tranfporting the Em- prefs from thence, herMajefty (who had remained lome rime in chat The Kmtrtfi- Capital after the Departure of the Emperor) embarked with her Reti- carnedtoG':- nuc, and bciug landed at Genoa, took her Journey towards the Im- noa/;o«.Ba:- pp^j^i Court the 26th oi March. Catalonia beins^ now in a s,reat meafure evacuated, and there be- DC? ' ing now thirty thouland Men in the Service of the Allies, who were encamped at Oft air ic and B lanes, the Places the Duke of Topoli agreed rhcy Ihould pofTcis till iiich time as they could be embarked for Naples, the Admiral took luch extraordinary care and pains in that Adair, that he ioon lent twelve tnouland of them away with a proper Convoy, and in few Days after laiJed himfclf, with the Tranlports that had the remainder of them on board, in the Per- formance of which Service, and others of like Nature, he faved Her Majtfty a very confiderable Sum ot Money on the Head of Vic- tualling. , p ^^ , -The People of Barcelona foon after declared War, by beat of Ba;ce.ona^« Drum, againft King "Philtp, in the Emperor's Name, bur what they dare Aar a- afterwards lufTcrcd, by a long and infupportabie Siege, and how they Phi'llp.*^^'"^ ^^""^ wholly ncgleiSted at lafl by thole who had the mod realbn to exert thcmielves in their behallv hath been more amply cxplain'd by others Chap. XXX VI. from thcYear i ^98, f^? 1 7 1 2. 799 others than I am able to let forth here, and mud be very frclh in every Man's Memory.' It lliall therefore fuffice to fay, that never did brave People endeavour more (from the Countenance they hoped to receive) to prelerve their ancient known Rights and Liberties ; nor hardly did ever a Number of Men, inclolcd within the Walls ofB.ircelona a City, fuffer more in its Defence, or when they were, at the lonii y"^''"''' '"'^ n. ■ J 11 ■ 1 -I -T^ " the.'eobUbar- ruii, conltrained to lubm'.r, meet with more mhuman Trcafm:nr. baroufly treat- But let us leave this melancholy Subjcdl", and return to tiic Pro- ^^■ cecdings of our Admiral in thofe Seas, who having a Mmiller lent to him from the Duke oi Savoy, ro adjuft Matters about his embark- ing, with his Duchcls, for his Kingdom oi Sicily, which was par- celled out to him upon the Peace, he accommodated thoic Matters fo well, that he iailed with their Sicilian Majefties from Villa Franca, .«;> John Jen- and landed them at 'Palermo the 30th oi September, where they were ",'".§' "'"■,'■.'" ... A 1 • ex r L 1- • I- I '^"'■Sicilian received with very great Acclamations of Joy; lo that having litcle Ma\eiiks to or nothing more to do with the Fleet under his Command, and be- Palermo. ing left at liberty either to return home by Sea or Land, as it might Tuit beft with his Convenience, he made choice of the latter, and arriving at Paris the i6th oi November, came to England in few Days after. Thus ended this fecond long and tedious War ; and as I have at the dole of the firfl fummed up the Number of Ships which were either taken from us by the French, or loft, by their being forced on Ihorc, or otherwilc, as alio what Loflcs they, in like manner, fuftained in their Naval Force; fo have I hereafter inferred the like Comparifon, including therein fuch as have been retaken on cither fide, and thole twenty great Ships the French precipitately iunk at the Siege oi'Thoulon, when Sir Cloudejly Shovell came off of that Port with the Fleet o'. Great Britain, which were never after fit for Service, as hath been before obferved. Englifl). Taken, or loft. Total of Guns. Number. Guns. 80 2 160 70 • 4 2,80 60 2 liO JO 8 400 48 I . 48 40 X 80 36 I 36 3i , . 4 1x8 30 I 30 2.8 I x8 2,4 II 264 2Z I 22 38 1^96 French. 8oo Naval TraiifaBions of, &c. Book V. Guns. lOO 90 86 74 70 64 56 54 5« 48 40 36 34 32. 30 a8 2-4 20 French. Taken, or lofl:. Number. 4 8 8 I 3 I I 4 z I I X I I X I 8 Total of Guns. 4c o 710 688 74 XIO 64 56 xi6 100 48 40 72- 34 32- 60 x8 I9X 60 52- 3094 1596 The Lofs of the Fretich exceeded ours 1498 FINIS. mmm. ^ I A N INDEX O R Table of the Names of Perfons and Places, and of the priri- cipal Matters contained in the foregoing Hiftory. A Bantus, LiKiniMs^s yidmiral agti»JiCon- ftantine Page iSi Abdelmelich, a Caliph or Emperor of //jf Saracens 190 Abderames, a Saracen General 188 /i/fu « Saracen King in Spain 311 Aberdeen, y <« Scotland 747 A burman, <2 Saracen /^^>w/Vrt/ 311 Abydus, a Town and Port on the IKdzn Jide of the Hcllcfpont 64, 87. vide 185- Acarnania (Defpotato) a Province of Epire 72, 187 Achsans, a People o/Peloponnefus 7 Achaia, the Country fo called I4f, 162 Achanis (Eiiongeber) a Port in the Red Sea 9, 10 Achillas, ijwjEgyptian (the Murderer o/Pompey) t6o Achradina, an IJland, part of the City Syracufe 134 Acilius Glabrio, a VLomzn General 142 Aeon & Acre, (Ptolemais) a City and Port in Phoenicia 197, 215', 239, 241, 313. 330 Acrochon, a Town near Mount Athos 7f A6liuin (Cape F'ij^alo) near Lepanto 13 -luherc the Corcyrxans i>eat tht Corinthians 66 -Mjo Oftavius Marc Anthony -and the Venetians the Turks 22!: 172 to 233 718 178 184 Adon (Edward) Captain of the Grafton Acunha (Peter) a Spanifh Admiral Adaulphus, a Gothic Commander Adda, vide Adige Addinf^us, a Leader of the t^ioTmins I33 Aden, a Town and Port at the Entrance of the Red Sea 2J-8, 2^9 Adherbal, a Carthaginian Admiral 126 Adjazzo, a Town and Port tn Corfica 771 Adige (Adda) 33. 318' 338, 339, 6c7. 608 vide Warwick (Eart) Buckingham (Duke) Howard, Pembroke (Earl) and Prince GeoTge, &c. Admirals of the Cinque Ports 34 Admirals of Franc9 310^9318 ■ the UJfic e fipprcfs^d l>y RkhlieVL 319 Adorni, and Ficfque, tv^o Genoefe Nobles 221 C Anthony ) Adorni < Raphael ^ Doges of Genoa 246,249 C Gabriel 3 Adrianople (Orelia) a City 0/ Thrace 180, 233 Adriatic Sea (the Gulph of V en\ce) 11, 16, 96, 119,15-9, 162, 197 Jo 201, 203, 237, 647, 649 TEantium, aTown tn the lldlefpont 181 iEetes, ^/w^ 0/ Colchis, Father of Medea 42 iEgean Sea (Archipelago) on the Eajl fide of the Morea 73,96,112,175' ^gimurus (Zimbaia) an Ifland on the Coafi of Africa ' 127 ^gina, an Ifland between Alhens and theMora 7 ^ginetans, the People a/iEgina, their Power at Sea, &c. 7, 5-1, 5-2, 56,90 jEgos, and JE^or-potamos, a River of the Thra- cian Chcrfoncfe 90)9' ^gubius, vide BulTenus iEgufa, dW^tliula (Favagnatia) an //land ntar LiiybJEum, '« Sicily 127 ^nyptians, improve Navigation 3, 4 their Dominion at Sea 7 ^gypt, fubjeiled by Cambyfes 47, 48 — • — by Alexander 98 vide Hercynion, and Tachas K k k k k E.m\- Index. itinilius and. Fulvius, Roman Confuls, their vajh Fleets 13 jEmilius, ^/fif Roman General 113, 125- ^monia and Emathia, Macedon fu called 96 iEnaria (Ifchia) an Ijland oppojite /oCumsc »'» Si- cily ^ 167 ^nobarbus, a Roman of ?)X\il\x%'s Party i6f E-oWm Iftands (the U^HiU IJlands ft called) 73 ^thalia, vide Elba ^tna, a flaming Mountain in Sicily 135" JEwU^, the Country fo called 187 ^Etolians, their IVan, liC. I05',ii2,i38 Afranius and Fetreius, PompeyV Lieutenants m Spain If? Africa, a "Town near Tripoli /» Afric 196, 277, 309 Agatharcus, « Syracufan /^i»«/r(?/ 8I) §3 Agathocks, 73'r^»f (//Syracufe 117 Agde, a Port and IJland on the Coajl of Langue- doc, vide Cette 768, 772 Agelilaus, the Spartan King 93, 94 . his Death 95" Agincoutt, the Battle there inter the French and Englilli 334 Agis //5»^ Spartan, Son o/Archidamus 74 . htsAds. &c. 8f,86 Agna, <.*/fa/j Sext. Pompeius 169 Agron, King o/lllyricum 130 Aguatulco, a Port in America 347 Ajan, ontheCoaJlofAfitc, near theRedSta Zf^ A'gues iVlortes, i'o» (//'Caflander 112 Alexander the feventh Pope 237 Alexarutria in jEgypt built, &c. 103, 160, 161 Alexandria, Hkton^s f am' d Ship fo named 137 Alexius Angelas, andl Greek Emperors 0/ Con- Alexius Comnenus, jftantinople 213,312 Alfaques, aBay on theCoaJi 0/ Catalonia fo^,fio Alfred, X/wg- 0/ Britain 316,327 Algarve, a part formerly of Spain, now of Por- tugal 483 Algerines, vide Pirates. Algezira, a Town and Port in the Bay t/Gibral- tar 269 Algier, a Port Town in Barbary 234, 309 bombarded by the French, &:c. 321 , 322, 397, 401,491, 5'io,"524, 763, 794 Algueri <7»i/Algeri, vJdeLatghes 240,271 Alicant, a City and Port Tawn hi Spain 510 to fi8 befieged and taken by the Arch- Duke 694, 69^, vide 730, 73 1 , 75-0, 7J-5-, 75-7, 75-8, 797 Alidas, a Gothic Admiral 187 Allemonde, a Dutch Admiral 437 to 440, 445-, 4<55-,5'i7>5'40.54S,5'83)5'S8, 621, 651, 65-2. 65-3, 67f, 68j- Allen f'i'/r Thomas) an'EngWQ^Vice-Aamiral i()% ■ -fent againfl the Algerines, &c. 400, 401 Almada, (« C«>)')« Portugal 2^3 Almanza, <» 7ow» /w Spain ; the unfortunate Bat- tel there 731 Almeria, aCity and Port in Granada in Spain 17, 239,266,5-44, 6^1,683,730,763,773 Alphonfus, A/wg- &/ Arragon 247 Alphonfus, King of Naples 222, 223, 272 Alta Vela Cd/ie/w Hifpaniola 579 Altea Bay in the Mediterranean on the Coajl of Spain 5-06, 65-1, 65-^, 675-, 6S6, 692, 694, 69f, 696, 797 Alva (Duke) Governor of YX^nders 28^ Alvaredo, ^^»i'fro/New Spain 275' Amalfi (Melfi) a Port Town on the Coaji e/ Na- ples 216 Amafis, Kins o/iEgypt, Pol y crates'/ /r/>»^ 46 Ambleteufe, a Sea Town in France, inter Calais and Boulogne 341 Amboyna, an IJland in /i&ff Weft- Indies, one of the Molucca'/ 25'8, 292, 293, 294, 29^, 369, 380 Ambracia, a Country on the Gulf di Larta 170 Ambraciots, Allies 0/ Sparta 70 Ambulachus, a Saracen Leader 191 Amedee, Duke 0/ Savoy 218 Ameland, vide Araiftrache America, (»«(^ Americans 18, 24, 216,275', &c. Amilcar Senior, the Carthaginian 5"! Amilcar Junior, hisASs, &c. 117,124,127 Aminias, Admiral of «^f iEginetans, his Ads f6 Aminocles, the Corinthian Inventor of Gallies 44 Amifius, the Roman EmbaJJador fo called 175-, 282 Amiftrache, and Auftrache, Iflands e/Friefland 309 Amphipolis, a City 0/ Macedon 75" Amphoterus, one of A\exandti' s Admirals 103 Amurath the Second, a TurkiOi Emperor 223 Amurath the Fourth, anotherTmkhh Emperor 234 Amurath Dragut Rays, a Turkilh Admiral at Le- panto 230 Amynias I K D F. X. Amynias the ^i;inetnn Admiral, his Vtiluur ^6 Amyntas, a Grtck Commander under Philip and Altx:iiKitr 97, 103 Amyrixus, /ff o/iEj^ypt 61 Anactoriani, dUies o/'Spana 70 Aiicalytes, Au/i/.? ;» Britain 15-6 Ancoua, a Port in Italy 1S7, 192 Andalulia, a Province o/'Spafn yiy Andri (Aiidros) an IJlaad of the \zc\\\Y>tWo,o 212, 214,238,244 AnitQX\\c\is, the Grtck Emperor 243 Alleles, a Trit>e of the Saxons 32)- An^leley (Mona) an IJhind inter England and Ireland 324 Aiiicctus, Vitellius's Admiral^ his new invented Ships 1 76 Anigada in the Weft-Indies ^598 Anjou {Duke) made King o/Spain 662, 696 returns to Madrid 703, 773 Annapolis »« Nova Scotia, vide Port Royal Annebault (Claude) Admiral of Vt:inct 316,340 Annius, the Roman Admiral, defeats Sertorius 148 Antandrus, a City o/Myfia 75- Antegoa, an Ijland i» Americz 4j'3, 45-6, ^^2, 603, 703 • attempted by the French 782, 783, 784 Antibes and Nice, two Ports in the Mediterra- nean 731, 763, 768, 769 Antigonus f/^f £/icrr 106,107 AntigonubDolon 112 Antioch, a City £)/■ Syria 192 Antiochus, /i;»^ 0/' Syria 142 AntipachCu and Pachfu, IJlands lying between Corfu y«» Albania, o»r^f Adriatic 222, 224 Antonius, Father of Marc Antony 149, lyo, 1^8,15-9 Antonius (Marcus) his Ads, -Ac. 13, 160, 164 to 173.2.33 Antonius Colonna, Admiral of the Pope's Gal- lies 228 Antwerp in Flanders, its famous Siege 285" to 290 Apocapfes, vide Apolofarus Apolliciarius, e»? c/ Bellifarius'x O^f^r/ iSf Apollophanes, one of Sext. PompeyV Sea Cap- tains 1 67 Apollonia (Spinarza) a Town in Albania 130, 138 Apolofarus /»»&f C/i[y Aries /» France ify Argives, a People of Pe]oponi)cl'\ii 7 Argonautes, their Expedition to Colchis 6,42 Argyle (Duke) Arm'no, the Gulf fu called 31Z Arno, a River 0/ Italy 248 Arragon, a part of Spain, &c. 244 Arrigon (Oftavius) a Sicilian Admiral 278 Arrhiana, a Town in the Hellefpont 87 Arris (Robert) an EngliQi Sea Captain at Tu- nis, &c. 65-4, 65^^ at Quebec 780 Arfinoe, Alexander'/ Daughter 106 Arlinoe, King Pto\tm)'s younger Sijler 161 Artabancs, one of Jullinian'j SeaCommanders 187 Artaphernes, Darius'/ Nephew Artaxerxes, A'/h^ w/Per)ia •Darius'/ Succefjor, &c. Artemifia, her Advice her Valour , 49 60, 6t 93. 9f 5-4 y6 25-4 260 179 Artemifium, a City ; its Situation, &c. Arzille, n Town un the Coajl 0/ Barbary Afafia, a Town on the Coaft of Barbary Afclepiodatus, Connanune's Lieutenant Afcough Sir George) an Englifh Admiral 381, 397 Afdrubal, //'f Carthaginian Cfwer^?/ 1 Ij',i26,i32, 133 his If'ife's Courage 144, 14$" Afhby 1 N D F. X. Aftiby (Sir John) an Englifli /Idmiral 445-. 467, 46S, 476 Adl (the IJle of) near Port Louis in Hilpaniola 5-79,f8o,f93,7oi Afoph, a City on the Palus Maeoiis 307 Afpalia {?cnc\ts's Miftrefs) herCharader 65- Afprenas, vide Calpurnius Afpropiti, a Town in the Gulph o/Lepanto 229 A (Ty r i an S , their Naval Armaments f Aflcreto (Biugio) a Milanele Admiral for Ge- noa 2,48 Aftailus, a City in the i/7dWCephalenia 70 Athanagild, a Gothic Kin^ of S^^xn 188 Athenxus^WCleodamus, two Citizens o/Byian- . tium iSJj-y'S Athens f«oi(/ Setiiies) 223 dejhroyedbythe Pcrlians 5-4, jf ,92,94,106,107 Athenians, their Sea Dominion 11,48,77 . — ■ — Cruelty to the iE ginetans 7, 90 declare War againjl Ferfia, and bum Sar- dis 48 . quarrel with the Spartans. &C. 64, 66, 70, 74 ■ and Samians 6f aid the Corcyracans 71 . Jealoufies of their Power 69 their Allies^ &c. 70 ■their abfolute Dominion 77 . invade Sicily 78 but are miferably dejl rayed 85" .: are beaten by the Ptloponnefians 91 their City taken, &C. 92 rebuilt 94 aid the Thebans, &c. and beat the Lacedae- monians 9f . fub.nit to Philip 9; . rebel againjl Alexander lOf their City taken by Antipater 106 i rejlored to Liberty 107 f ubjeiled by Demetrius II2 Athos (Cape di Monte Santo) a high Promonto- ry in iVIacedon 49, 5-0, 7f Atlantic Ocean, difctvered by the Phoenicians 4, 148 Atrius (Quintus) a Sea Commander under Casfar Attalus, owqfPhilip o/MacedonVCa;?^a;«i 103 Attalus, a Roman Citizen, made Emperor by the Goths 184 Attamia f^^Condede) F/Vf-/?oyo/Sardinia 519 Attica, the Country about Athens, fo called 5-9, 7i,73 Kiu\a, a King of the Hnns 16, 315" Attilius Varus, PompcyV Lieutenant in Africa Attilianus, a Roman General 188 Avarians united with the Huns (hence Hungari- ans) ^ 198 Augulle, a French Ship taken 6f i Augultus, Heir /o Julius Cxfar , his Jlationary Fleets, &C. 164 his l/tdories, &c. 1 72 Aulis, in Boeotia, the Greeks Expedition thence againjl Troy, &c. 43, 1 1 2, 223 Aurelian, the Roman Emperor 177 Auftrache, vide Amiftrache Aurtria ,fDo» John) Admiral of Spain 228 Auliria, vide Archduke Auvergne (Prince) at the Siege of Odend y^g Auverquerque (Monfieur) General of the Dutch at Oftend 738,739 Auxerre a»i/Bayonne, tbeBipops thereof. Admi- rals 330 Aylmer (anEngVid^ Admiral) 441,446, jii, 5-12, 5'39>564, 5-81,764 Ayamonte, a Port Town in Spain 623 Aiamor, a Town in Barbary 260 Azores orTercera (IJlands in the Ai\amic Ocean) 17 Plf^fi*'^ h *^'^ Portuguefe, &c. 264, 278, 3r<5, J90, 749 B Babelmande!, a Town near the Streights of the Red Sea 229 Babylon, Alexander'/ Dm?^ William) Go'z/frwr e/ Jamaica j'j'6 Behol, a Port Torvn in America 276 Btlifarius, Judinian'i G'.'«fra/ iSj-r^iSS Belle /A. ;« France 438/044^,643 iJelle Ijle in America y6o Bellomont f^^Wj Got'fr»cr of New England 5-80 Bembo (I'rancis) .1 Venetian /?,(/ 221 Beiiavirus, a Saracen General \:iral 246, 269 t Ambro(e) aCaltilian Admi/ul 270 Bocchoris aw&39 takeyj fro>n the En)^\i(h 341 Calbarufo (Naulochus) near the North Cape of Sicily 169 Cales /« Spain, vide Cadiz Calecut, or Calicut, a Kingdom and City in the Eaft-Indies 25'5', 25-6, 262 Calccura, a Country in the Eaft Indies 262 Calex, a River falling into the Euxine 75- Calleinberj;, nce-/1drnirat of the Dutch 44f, 472, 474i 493' 5'04.5'05'i5'64, 62 1, 663, 66^,666,667, Callicratidas, a Hpinun Adriiiral 89 669,676 Callinicus, an iEgyptian, his Invention of li'tld- fire 1 89 Calo Johannes the Greek Emperor 243 Calonymus &/ Alexandria, Juftinian'/ yf^/»/rrf/ 184, i8f Calpurnius Afprenas, a Roman Admiral ijf Calvi, a To-iu» in Corlica 247 Calvilius, Sext. Pompeius'; /^J»7»r^/ 167 Calycadnus, a Pro>no>itory in N^toWa. 143 Camarafla (Marquis) General of the Spanifh Gal- lies ibid. Camaret Bay at the Entrance of Breft Harbour 446,472,498 /o 500, j-44 Camarina, a Town and Ki-vcr /» Sicily 126 Cambaya, a Kingdom in the Eall-Indies 261,263 Cambyfes, &» 0/ Cyrus lo, ii his AUs 46, 47 Camicus, a City in Sicily 42 Campeachy Bay in America 698,783 Campenfelr, a Colonel at Quebec 781 Campofulgofo (Dominic) i)(geo/ Genoa 246 Campfon, .iV-'Z/a^ 0/ jEgypt 2f7 Canada m the Weil Indies 775", 776, 777, 779 Cananor, a Kingdom in the Eaft-lndies iff, 256, 262, 265- Canaries, the Iflands fo called vide 270, 271,791 Cancale Point mar St. Malos f27 Candelora (Coracc(ium) 62,15-0 Candia (vide Greet) revolts from /^« Venetians 117 attaclCd by the Turks ifo vide ^ 235-, 237, 241 Candianus, a Doge oj Venice jlaia by the Na- renies 198 Canea, aCit) inC::^^^^^ takenhy theTurk^ 23^,241 Canidius, IVlarc Antony'/ G«7fr<»/ 170 Canns, the Battel there 1 33, \ 38, vide 194 Cannetas, « Battavian //^Wrd/ 176 Canoba, an American King 274 Cantacuzcnus, a G:\:ek Emperor 242 Canville (Richan.!) an Englifti /U»iirril 330 Canufh (James) n VoriM^ntin Difcova-er iff Caorle and Grado, two IfhiKds in the Adriatic I97,ii7,i43 Capello (Nicholas) a\'eneuin General and Ad~ ^ ''""■"' ^ iM,i3f Capes, aTovjn in Afiic jg^ Capeland Bay in Newfoundland iJs 273 >5/. Vincent 461,483,484,492, 504,544, 566, 567, 599, 625, 666, 675, 699, 690, 73 1 Capha, or Caft'a (Theodocia) /« Little fartary 17,206, 246 Capitanate, a Province 0/ Naples 222 Cappadocia 146,147,149,151 Capral (Peter Alvarcx) a VoriMgnsie Difcoverer Caprara (Bernard) aV enethn /Idmiral 270 Capua vide 16 Caracozza, aT aikifli Commander at 'Ltpznto 229 Caramania 223 Carantenus (Nicephorus) the Emperor of Con- fiantinopleV/fi//w/Vrf/ 192 Caraus Hozias, a Tm\<\(h Pirate 230 Caraufius (i» Britain, George) and others attackQzdxz 360 Caria and Carians, their Sea Dominion 7 fabjeded i>y Mh\os, &c. 6, vide 70 / France 314,315- Clements (George) Captain of the Hampton- Charles r^f7A/W6/ Spain, vide/?n/^d'«;(f,«»4/75-6 Court 718 Charles the Nifith, King of Sweden, Father of Cleodamus, vide Athenxus Guftavus Adolphus 300,302 Cleombrotus, /i!;;?^ of Sparta o<- Charles i/vTwt'////:; :'i;/»^ 0/ Sweden 305- Cieotnencs, Vf;*^ &/ Sparta 48 Charles Fort at 5/.Chri(topher'/ 45-4, 45-f,4f6 Cleon, an Athenian Sea Commander 7^ Charles Martel, 191 Chickens , Rocks fo called near Breft Harbour 442 Chila, a City in New Spain 275- Chio, Chios and Scio, an Iflnnd in the Ai'chipe- Jago vide 17,49, 66,86, 764 Chioiza, a fmall City in the Adriuiic 19S, 217, 218,243 Chriflian the firfl and fscond Kings 0/ Denmark 301 Chriftina, ^«f Captain of the Faulcon 769 Conllans, and Conl\. Vo^onMUS, Emperors 189 Condantinople (Byzantium) built vide 4 • bejieged by the Saracens 1S9, vide 233 by the Turks 308 taken by the French 3IZ Conlfantine the Great, Emperor 174, 17S, 179 ConHantius, Emperor ._'77 199 147 J92 11^ Contareni (Paul) /i&f Venetian Governor of Zant 229 Contarini (Andrew) Doge of Venice 217 Contarini ( ) the V encUMi Admiral at Le- panto '95- M m m m m Conta- I N D R X. Contarini ( ) a Gmon^t Admiral 241 Crete (vide Candia) fojU'efi'd by the Greeks, &c Convent (Mejfu-tir) a Datch Rc/ir-Admiral 727 vide 6, 42, 43 Cony (William) Captam »///&/ Pelo- ponnefus 74 Cronenbiiri; Cajlle 19, 303, 304, 583, 727 Crotona (Cotrone) vide 192 Coracefiuin (Candelora) in the Gulph o/Satalia 62, IfO Corcinus, a Sea Commander for A\.tS,\i{[m 169 Corcyra, the Ijle »/ Corfu 68 inrjabited by the Phxaces, &c. 44, vide 73, Crowe Qnlhb)Captain of the Shrewsbury 5-49, 95-, 130,187,308 Corcyrxans, their War vjith the Corinthians 66^ 68, 72, 73 Corcyra Melasna (Curzola) an Ijland near Ragu- fa ' vide i^~l-,^S9^ ^0° Corinth, a General AJJ'embly of Greece there 70, 96 . deflroyed 145" Corinthians, their Sea Dominion 8 ■ their Navigatioi.; &c. lO . Inventors of large Gullies 44 -If ar with the Covcyixans, See. 66,72,73 of the Warfpight Crowe uMr.) CunfrA ai Barcelona. ' ^nd at Leghorn 679 697 770 797 Cork, a City andPort in Ireland, vide43i, 461, 717.739 Cornaro, \\i% 216 Dandolo (Reiner fl»i Marc) «ws Venetian /^t/- mirals 241 Danes, their Naval Force, &C. ly, 19 ■ Property in the Baltic, videB 18 /lf/j/7?rx 0/ Sweden 300,301 — : their Antiquity, &C. 305", 306 ■ their IVars, &C. vide J82 to 585- Dantziclc, a City on the River Embes 302, 303 Danubius (Ifter) vide 174, 175, 176. iSi Dardagnus, a Turkifli Commander at Lepanto 230 Dardanelles, CiJlUs at the Mouth of the Hellef- pont 23^,236, 312 Dardania (Troy) a Town on the Atian fide of the Hellefpont ' 87 Dardanians, reduced by Philip o/Macedon 97 Darien, Sir Francis Drake there 344 the Scotch Settlement three -^-j-j Darius, King o/Perlia, bis Anger againjl the A- thenians 48 his Death 5^0 Darius the Second 88 Darius Nothus 92 D'arteloirc, a French Sea Captain 643, 666 David, King e/Iirael, ha liuhes. Fleets, &c. 8, Decelea, a Town in Attica So De la Rue, a French Captain taken 6^6 Delaval (Sir Ralph) an Englifh Admiral, vide 445'. 45-1, 461, 4,<53'470,472., 474 Delaval (George) an Englidi htagUfficer 582 Delaval, Captain of the Fnuicon, kili'd 750 Delium, > Francis) his Sea Difcovenes^kc. 344, 34f, 346 Drake ( ) Captain of the SvizWovi 783 Drepanum (Trepano del valle) aPort andTown in Sicily, vide Eryx 126 Drino, tf 6'«//w Albania 131 Dromones (Runners) a fort of Gallies 185- 'DraCns, the Roman General 174 Du Bart, a Krench Adr^iiral 444, f4l, yfo Dubourguay, an Eng\\(h Colonel at hhbon 760 Du Gal's, a French Sea Commander f^S, 5-86, 5-93, 5-97, 700, 703, 704, 709, 712, 71 3, 714, 7S7, 7S8, 790 Dudley (Colonel) Gowrwor 0/ New England 5-98 Duffus (Kenneth, Lord) Commander of the Ad- vice 787 Duilius, a Roman General 121 bad the fir ft Naval Triumph 122 Dulcigno, a Town and Port tn Albania 224 Dunbar (Captain) hn daring AHion fOO, 5-01 Dunkirk vide 36, 444 Bombardment defigned 5-01 , 5-02, 5-03 and attempted 5'29, 5-30, vide 5-39 to 5-41, 635- /o 640, 738, 740,742,786 delivered up to the Englifli 789, 790 Du Quefne, and Gennes, two French Monfieurs 321, vide 440, 690 Durazzo (Dyrrachium and Epidamnus) 66, vi- de 130, 19s', 212, 224, 241, 308 Durley (Mr.) Captain of the Charles Firejhtp Durfley (Lord) after Earl 0/ Berkeley (vide B) Commander of the Litchfield 645" and of the Boyne 678, 679 ■ of a Sijuadron in the Soundings 720 to -J16 ■ in the Mediterranean, vide 733, 742, 747, 76. Dutch, their Naval Force, &c. vide 18, and 282 to iqg Duyvelant, a Town on the Coajl «/ Zealand 283 Dyme, a Port o/Achaia 71 Dyrrachium, vide Duraizo Ebro, vide Ibir Ebubeker, a Saracen Caliph or Emperor 1S8 Eddirtone /iof/, &c. vide449 Edgar, King of England 327 Edinburgh, in Scotland, burnt hy the Englilh 339 Edinborough Frith, the Pretender, &c. there 74f , 746, 747 Edmund, A'/»^^ 0/ England 328 Edrick, the Englifli Traitor 328 Edward the Elder, and Edward the Confejfor, vi- '^'^ 3-7i 32.8 Edward the Firfl, Second, and Third, Kings of England , 313,331,^^335- Edwards (John) Captain cf a S^najtron 709 Edwards (Richard) Captain of the Cumber- land, &c. 719 Egelia d»t/ Egeftans vide-9,122 Egilochus, one of A\cyi:initr^s Admirals 103 Eidonia, a Country in Gteece 9>if Elseans, Confederates of the Argives, againjl the Spartans 76 Elaeus, a City near the Mouth of the Hellefpont 86 Elba (^thalia) an IJland between Piombino and Corlica 114,241,75-5' Elbe, a River 0/ Germany 310 Elbing, a Town in Polifli Pruffia vide 302 Eleulis, a Town near Athens 93 Elford (Matthew) Captain of the Experiment 783 Elis, a part of Peloponnefus 70 Elizabeth, Queen 0/ England, her Naval Tranf- adions 342 to 367 Elliot, an Englidi Captain at Petit Guavas 5-57 Elliot, an Englilh Governor at Gibraltar 749 Ellinore, a City and Port in Denmark 585',727 Emanuel, fw/^fror 0/ Conftantinople 212 Emardus, one of Vep'tn's Admirals 310 Emathia, vide iEmonia ^W Macedon Embarcations before the Deluge 1 , 2 Embriachi (Hugh) a Gcnoei'e Admiral 239 Embs, a River, videAniKius 175" Engia, an IJland of the Archipelago, vide 74, 224, 225,308 England, its Naval Power 20 ^s)'d/ A'^^^'Temp. Eliz. &Jac. i. vide 20, 21 • See alfo Britain, and from p. 323 to the End. Epaminondas, ^^fTheban General 96 Ephefus, a City in Lefler Alia, a Fight near /'/ 88, 106 Epicides, the Syracufan Admiral 133 Epidamnus, vide Durazzo Epidaurus, a City in Peloponnefus 70, 74, 75- Epipolx, an Eminence near, and a part of Syra- cufe 80, vide 124 Epirotes: People of Ephe 138 Epire (now Lefler Albany) vide Naupa6lus, and 96, 196 Erse, Teos, and Lebedus, Cities of Lefler Afia 86 Erafinides, an Athenian Sea Captain 89 Erefus, a Town in Lesbos 86 Eretria, a City of Euhcea, a Fight near it 86 Eretrians, iheir Sea Dominion, &c. 7 Ermengarius, Governor of the Bd\<:ziei 191, vide 3x0 Erythraea, a City 0/ Crete 149 Erythras (Efau as fuppofed) a King of Edom, near the Red Sea 3 Eryx, a City in Sicily (Trepano del monte) 115-, 127 Esberne, a Danifb Sea Commander 306 Efiongeber and Eziongeber, vide x'lchanis Eipcrnon 4' % T I N D F X. ECpfrnon Duke hcjieges Rochelle 317 Eir.'X (Enrl) his Afis againft the- Spaniards I 5-9, &c. Elfex ^wc/ Rivers (Earls) vide Rivers Efthodia in the Baltic vide 306 Eteonicus, a Peloponnefian Captain S9, 90 Ethelred and Ethel wolf, Kings oj England 326, ,.. ^^ 3^7,3^8 Evaf^oras, King of Cyprus 91 Evans (Mr.) Captain of the Royal Oak at Ali- cant 69$- Evans (Mr.^ Captain of the Defiance 763 Euboea (7&'^/.TOiNegroponi) three Sea Engage- ments vide 5-3 the Peace there 65' revolts from the Kt.\\tn\an% S6 fubjeded h\' Mithridates 147, 196, vide 214 Evertlnn, a Dutch Kear-Admiral 42^, yof Vke-Adrmral 5-19, ^^^, ff 1, 635-, 637 Evertz, //<^^/V(j/ o/Zeeland 296 Erertzon, /^j'wj.-Va/ 0/ Zeeland 400 Eugene (Prince) 0/ Savoy, in Spain 731 Eutjeilius /^ir /owr//;" (Pope) 221 Eumenes, one 0/' Alexander'/ Succejfors, &c. 105-, 106 St. Euphemia vide 160 Euphenius, a Sicilian Traitor 191 Eurymedon, a R:ver where Cimon beat the Per- fian Fleet 62 Eurymedon, an Athenian Admiral., his Ails., &c. 72 to 76, Sr, 83 [ lain 8f Eufebius, his Account of the Dominion of the Sea 7, 8, 9, &c, Euftachius of Tefino, a Milanefe Ad/mrai 221 Eultatia, an IJland and Furt near St. ChrillopherV Euthymemes, a Native oj Marfeilles, his Difcu- vcries 1 1 Euxine Sea (Pontus) A\ignQ\i%'s Guardf.ect there 14 Pompey'/ Dominion thereof lyo V e\\>2ifiiin' s Fleet there IJf the Scythians and Franks there xy6, 177, 184 Eyder, &^ Roman Co»/«/ 131 Fundi, a City on the Coaft 0/ Naples, vide Ni- colas Count of Fundi 146 Gabinius'/ Law for PompeyV Go-vernmeKt of fhe Sea ifo Gace (Count M) a Mar/hal of France , Com- moTida- of a French Hquadron that attempted Scotland 744>747 Gades, Cadiz and Cales, vide C Gaeta, ^ C'Vy of Naples 248,271,272,311 Gaillard (Mot7fiefir) a French Protejiant Sea Com- mander 3^7 Galanga, near Lepanto 230 Galatia, a Province o/Lefler Afia 146, ifi, £75' Galba, the Roman Emperor 175- Galceranu>', /Admiral of Catalonia 266 Galeriuc, a Roman Emperor 179 Gallia Narbonenfis, Languedoc r» France 175-, 179 Gallienus, a Roman Emperor GaUies^ firjl invented by the Corinthians vjhenfirfi built by the Romans Gallipa (Clupea) a Cajile, &c. /» Afric 176 44 12 125-, 140 Gallipoli, a City on the ThracianBofphorus 249 Galloper Sand, tfiio7<^ eight Leagues off theThnmes Mouth 5-71,656, 65'7 Gallus (Cornelius) a Roman General 173 Gallway, a Port in Ireland 720 <3alway (Earl) an Englifh General in Spain 5-07, 5-i9>729)734,76i Gama (Vafquez de) a Portiiguefe Vice-Roy of the Ea(t-lndies 260 Gandia, a Port in Spain near Denia, &c. 73T Ganymedes, <»« ^Egyptian, oppofesCxfar 161 Garda, a Lake in Italy, and a conjiderabte "Town thereon 222 Garonne, a River in France I93i3i7 'Gaftanaga (Marquis) a SpnntOi General fi'S, 5-22 Gafpe Bay^ near the Mouth of the River Canada 779 Gaza, a City o/Palsftine taken ^ji' Alexander 103 ledde (Mejfieur) a Ttznxfn Admiral J84 Gega, vide Kara Geloan Plains in Sicily vide 117 Geloi, People there inhabiting vide 80 Gelon, a King of Sicily, his Naval Power, &c. ajfifls the Himerians 5-7 beats /^f Carthaginians, and hums their Fleet 58, vide 114 Gelon, Son of YWexort^ King of S'lcWy 133 Genoa, taken by the Saracens 16 the Coafi there named Liguria 129 -the City bombarded by the French 321, &c. Georgia (Iberia) the Country fo called 15-2 Gergenti, vide Agrigentum Germanicus, a Roman General 175" Germans and Gtr many vide 175" Geflbriacns Fortus, Boulogne in France Getje, People beyond the liter 174 Gibel, rt C;/y 0/ Syria vide 239 Gibellines, vide Guelphs Gibraltar, a Town and Port at the Streights of Cadiz, or Hercules Pillars, vide 4, 14, 104, taken by the Englifh 5-44 befieged by the French and relieved, vide 677 to()%6 ^"M'f'^ h the Englifli 696, 729, 734, 749, 761, 770, 773, 775", 793, 796 Gilbert ^/r Humphrey, or A;r Henry) his Voyage to Newfoundland 35-, 348 Gilimer, a King of z^f Vandals 184, 185' Ginkle, a Lieutenant-General in Ireland 450 Gioia, or Goia (John) Inventor of the Mariner''! Compafs 216 Giorgi (Aloife) a \''enetian Sea Commander 224 Girone, a City of Spulu 760,762,773 Gifco, a Canhat^iniin Gciieral iij Gilid and Mar van, two Saracen Calips 190 Gialii (Andrew and Henry) Venetian Catrman- ders 214 GnofTus, a City in Crete 149 Goa, a City and IJland in the Eafl-Indies 257, _ . 2;6y Godolphin (Earl) Lord Treafurer of En^]attd ^j-^ Gogidifcus, a Gothic Commander 184 Goletta, a Caflle near Tmus 25-0, 5,77, 278 Golf di St. Euphemia r6o Gondamore (Cuti?it) the Spanifh Ambafjador 368 Gordon (Thomas) Captain of the Leopard, re- takes the Salisbury 746 Gordon (George) Captain of the howedofft j6f <5ore (Henry) an Englifli Sea Captain at Quebec 780 'Goree, an IJland vide 65-8 Gorge, an Englilh Brigadier in Spain 694, 695" Gofelinus, Admiral of the Greek Erf.peror 195' Goths, their Naval Wars, ^c. vide 175', 176, 182 ^0188 Gottenburgh, a City and Port in Denmark 5-50, 584, 6f 7, 661 Gozo, an IJland near Malta 196, vide 309 Grado, a Town in the Adrmic 192,198,217,218, 243 Grafton (Duke) kiS^d at Cork _ 43r vide fif , 648, 732, 768, 77 J, 794, 795-, 797, 798 Genoefe, fubdue the Pifans" &c. 17 beat the Saracens, &c. 214, 218 their IVars with the V enethns, &c. ibid, and 239 to 1S3 fc their fuccejfive Doges, &c. 24f, 246, 247 Genferic, a King of the Vandals 1 84 Granada, a Kingdom and City in Spain 259, 266 Granicus, a River in Alia 97, 149 Granville in France, dejiroyed by ^^^Englilh 528 Gravelin, a Port in Holland $-38, 6:9, vide 742, Graydon, an Englilh Vice-Admiral 600 to 609, 62 J" Greeks, their Naval Armaments , Sea Domini- on, &c. 6, 41 to 4f , 48 Grxcia propria vide 96 Graecian Sea, a part cftheJEgan 96 Greftonia, the Country fo called vide 75" Griffith iMr.J iVr Thomas) an Englifh JSVd Captain in the Bedford af Vigo, &c. 625', 65-0, 6y5-, 716 to 720 739, 7f I - . 786 to y^a Hardy (Charles) Captain of the Roe Buck 710, 712 Harland (Robert) Captain of the Salisbury Prize Harlow (Thomas) an Engliih Sea Commandrr ^ SS9, 562, 563 Harold the Third, King of Denmark 36^ Harold Graafield, King »/ Norway 193 Harold Harfager, King of England 328 Harpagus, Cyrus'j Lieutenant in Ionia 11, vide 46, 47 Hartnol (Mr.) Captain of the Reftauration 725- • Commander in the Mediterranean 7^3 Havana, aSca-Port andTown in Hifpaniola 5-5-3, ^ ^ 5-91, f93> 698, 704, 705-, 71 5-' Havre de Grace in Prance bombarded, &c. 462, 465-55-01 Hawkins, an Eiiglilli Sea Captain 343, 3f 7 Hazardous, a French Shif, taken 65'6 Hebdomiumdw./Cyclobium, tuo Suburbs of Con- ftantinopie 189 Hedges (MrJ Secretary of State 669 Hedges, an Engliih Major at Carthagena in Spain 694 Hegefandridas, a Spartan Admiral 86 Hegefippus of Halicarnalfus vide 108 Helepolis, an Engine to hatter Walls, &c. 108 Helix, an Engine to move vaji Bodies, &c. \7^< Helias, and Hermione, two Tovjns m Pelopon- nefus 70 Hellen A^/'« 43 Hellefpont vide 6 ■Xerxes Bridge thereon j-i Anions therein, &c. 80, vide 15-0,180 HeHingberg, oppojite to Cronenbergh 5-83 Helvoetfluice, a Harbour of the States 0/" Holland 36,639,663,658 Heneago, an I/land North o/Hifpaniola in Ame- rica vide 783 Hengift aWHorfa, ^wa Saxon Leaders 324 Henry the Third, b'ourth. Fifth, &i.c. Kings 0/ Eng- land 331 /0341 Hepheflion, Alexander'/ Favourite 103 Heraclea, a City on the Euxine 75, lof, 149 Heraclea minor, a City in b'lcUy 123,134 Heraclides, a Syracufan General ?!o alfo a Syracufan Sea Captain vide S3 Heraclius, Emperor of the Eajl 188 Herbert fEar/o/ Torrington) an ¥.n^\\n\ Admi- ral 404,405,415 Herbcfus, <»C;V)' '« Sicily 134 \r\ex cults goes againflT roy, &C. 42 Hercules Pillars, vide Gibraltar Hercules MonciEUS (Monaco) a Port fo called 176 Hercynion, rt /v<»^ o/iEgypt 93 Hermea Promontory fCa/'eBona, <»»7i/ Hollanders, vide Batavia Holftein <7WHolfteiners vide 303, 306, 307 Holmes, an Englilh Commadore, &c. 295- a Captain J'5'7 Holmes (^iVr Robert) i3° Lilybxum (Cape Marfalla) iz6, iz7, i3i vide Marfala Lima, the Capital of Peru 708 Limeric, ii5' Logane, a Bay or Gulph near Cuba f 37, 592, 5-93, 602, 701 Loire, a River of Vrmct 312 Long (Thomas) Captain of the Bredah 769 Longobardi (Lombards) vide 133 Loredano (Aloife) a\ entix^n Admiral 11%, 221 Loredo, aTown in the Adriatic 218 Lotharius, a German Emperor 193 Loud's Cove, a Port or Bay in America 5^49 Lowther (Mr.) Governor oj Barbadoes 784 Lucania (Balilicate) 176 St. Lucar i» Spain, vide Tartenus Lylias, an Athenian Captain Lyfias, a Syracufan Orator Lylimachus , one of Alexander'/ Captains, &c. 106 Lytcot, an Englidi Sea Captain at Petit Guavas SS7 M ) Captain of the Mary Gaily 78a Macedon, aW Macedonians, videj^monia, and rt. . 96,97,112 Macella, a Town m Sicily 1 12 Machaneel Bay on the North Jide o/Hifpaniola 5-36 Mackarty, an Englifh Major General 419 Madagafcar, an Ijland on the South-Eajl Coajl of Kinc. The Race of Ahrtiham there 9 difcovered by the Portuguefe 25'6, vide Pi- Madera I/lands on the CoaJi 0/ Afric, pojfejfed by the Portuguefe 17, vide 148,488, ffi, vide 600,604, 703, 712, 791 Madrid, the Capital of S^^m vide 703, 773 Majander, a River in LefTer Afia 311 Mxandrius, Polycrates'j Secretary 47 Mxgara fl»«/Ma:garians, vide Megara Maelftrand (or Maefterlandt) a Port near Got- tenburgh 661,627 Msonia and Mxonians 0/ Afia Minor Maeotis Palus, the Lake or Sea fu called lyo, 184 Mxfia, vide Moefia Magadoxa, a Town and Port on the Coajl of A- jan 25-f Magellan (Ferdinand) a Portuguefe, his Difco- veries and Death 260, 26 1 , 276 Magellan Streights vide 276, 346 Magna Grxcia, the South Parts of Italy 44 Magnelia, a City on the River Mxander, vide 47 Mago, a Carthaginian GraiT a/ iif Mahmora, videlvarache 278 Mahomet the Impojlor vide 188 Mahomet the firjl Turkilli Emperor 308 Mahon, vide Port Mahon Mahoni, an \f\n\ Major General in Sp3.\n 694 Maja, a Town in Italy 194 Maina, a Town and Port near Cape Matapan 224 Majorca, vide Baleares and Minorca Malabar, the CjiJI between the Arabic Sea and the Gulf of Bengale 2^6, 262, 265- Malacca, a Port in the Eaft Indies 2j-8 Malaga I N D F. Malaga, a City and Port in Spain 489,5-09, 765, 764, 7S9 Malamocco, the Original of Venice 310, vide Maldivies Ijlands in the Eaft Indian Sea 15-6 Malea, a Cape near Lesbos 89 Alaieus, a Carthaginian General 114, iij- Main, videMelfi, aWAmalfi Mallora, an IJland off heghom 17, vide 240, 796 St. Malo, a Town and Port of France bombard- ed, &c. 526, 5-27 Maltha (Miletus and Melita) an IJland in the Mediterranean 20, vide Miletus, 23f, 246, Mamertines, a People in the North sfSicily 119 Mancinus, a Roman Admiral 144 Maniaces, the Emperor ^Wch^itV s General 194 Mauiacium, a Town in Sicily built by Maniaces 195' Manlius, a Roman Conful, &c. 123, 144 Manfel (Sir Robert) Vice-Admiral of England 370 Mantineans, Confederates of the Argives, vide 76 Marabota (Frederic) a Genoefe Admiral 24$- Marano, a Port and IJland on the Coajl of Bra- fll Marathon, the Athenians heat the Perfians there 49,^1,^9 Marcellus, a Roman General., &c, 134, 138 Marcellus, a Sea Captain of Pompey'i 1 5-9 Marchi (Thomas) a Genoefe Admiral 246 Marcianopolis, aC'/y/'wMoeda 176 Mardonius, a Perfian General vide 49, 60 Mareotis, aLake in ^gypt »t Maffilians, Inhabitants oj Marfeilles , their Sea Dominion vide 11, ifS Mafters (Mr.) Captain of the Fame 7S6 Majls and Sails of Ships, their Dcfeds, &c. 45-4 Matan, one of the Philippine Ijlands 2^6 Matapan (Tscnarium) moji Southern Cape of the Morea 173, 224, j-zj Mattagorda, a Fort near Cales 622 Matthews, an Englidi Brigadier 621 Matthews (Thomas) Captain of the Dover 716, 746 Matthews (Thomas) Captain of the Chefter 724, 7if> 76y Maurice (Mr.) an Englifh Sea Captain 791 Mauritania, a part of Afric St. MawTt: Ijland, videLeucas, and 2fo Maxentius, Ma.xiinine, and Maximian, Roman Emperors vide 177,180 Maximilian, a German Emperor zzf May (IJland) in Edinborough Frith 745- Mazarine (Cardinal) encreajed the French Naval Power 20 Meander, vide Mxander Mecca ^W Medina, Cities in Arabia 258 Medea, Daughter of iEetes 42 Mediterranean Sea 14, f 13, vide 793, &c. Sir Cloudrfly Shovell there 728, 729 Medius, a Sea Captain under Demetrius 108 Meefters, a Dutch Engineer, vide 5-04, 5-27 to f30 Meeze (George) awEngliOi SeaCaptain 5-49, j-j-£ Meeze, an Y.ng\\{\;\ Rear- Admiral 5S-\iS1S Megabyxus, Son o/Zopyrus, a Perfian Admiral 60 Megara, a City of Greece vide 70, 71, 75- Megara, a City in Sicily 134 Megareans, Allies of Sparta, £ic. vide 68^072 Melazzo (Olim Milac) aCity :» Sicily, vide 121, 168,194,195- Melefander, a Spartan Admiral, Jlain 70 Melilla, a Town in Barbary 272 Melinda in the Eaft Indies 256 Melita, vide Miletus and Maltha Mellaria (Tariff) in the Streights of Gibraltnr 148 Melo (Milo) an IJland m the JEgtM Sea 70, 73, 214 Memphis (Grand Cairo) aCity in J£.^^pt, vide 61 Menander, an Athenian Admiral 83 Menoctius, a Sea Captain under Ptolemy 109 Menapii, People of Flanders and Brabant 1 77 Mcnde, a Town m the Peninfula '//Pellene 75" Mendelium, one of the Mouths o/Nile 61 Menecrates, a Sea Commander under Scxt. Pom- peius 167 Menelaus, King of Sparta 43 Menelaus, Ptolemy'/ Governor 0/ Cyprus 107, 108 Mengrelia, vide Colchis Meno- 1 N D E X. Meiiodorus, Sext. Pompeius*/ Admiral, his Ad- vice i<56 revolts, &c. '67, 168 MeP7,o, a Rhcr in Italy 2,21 Mcllalla, a Roman /htmiral 139 Mcfiana (Meflltij) a City in Sicily, vide 74, 80, 117,120,164,194, 195-, 75'i>&c- See alfi Sicily, ^rnd Phare oj Mtlfina Mcffenians of Naupadus vide 70 MelFenia, a Country of Greece 74 Metclino, an Ijland in the Archipelago 225", vide 308 Mete! lus, rt Roman Gf?«ri7/ 148,149 Methoiie (Mudon) Methwln, an EngVifh Ambaffador at Lisbon, vide 628,689 Methvmnia, a Town in the Ijland heshos 72, 90, 103 Metrophanes, MithridatesV Admiral 146 Me^-ico, a Province avd City of NcW Spain in America ^^75", 7^9 Micone, vide Mycone Mighills, Co»imander^ofthe\{zm^tor\-Co\xn 773, 795- M\ti\\\ (Mr. Captaia of the Cemmlon 763 Milan, a City of Italy vide 220 Milefus, //jc7/.'^i«i Maltha, fack'd,kc- hy the Per- fians 49 b\ the Athenians 86 • A' Alexander 97 /v //;f Romans 132 Mikitaiis, thi-ir Sea Dominion, &C. 7,85' Milo, vide Melo Milnades, an Athenian Gcftcral ■ Father 6./Cimon Milvius, a Bridge near Rome r.Kndarns, a Peloponneli.in Admiral Miolani, a French Ady/iir,il Minorca, one of the B.ileares, vide Md.and 5-13, 5-20, 6<^6, 75-i. 75-3> 75'4' 795-, 797 Minos, Kii'^ of Creic, his /.Slions, &c. 6,42 Mira, an ffland in the Eaft Indies 260 Mifenum, Milcnium, a 'Town and Promontory in Italy 166, 175-, 176 Milillra, a Town in Greece 223 Mitchel (DaviJ) (i«En^',li(h Sea Captain and Ad- miral, vide 5-19, 523, 5-24, j-25-, J48, 564 to Mitchel (John) an Englifli Sea Captain at Qne- bec 7S0 Mithridates, King of Pontus^ ajjijlcd by the Cili- cians,&c. 14 -beaten hy the K\\ad\av\i 146 147, &c. 147 Mithridates o/Pcrgamus, aJJiJlsCxCti: 161 made bs him King oj Pontus 163 Molucca'/ (/7a»a/, /■« the Eaft-Indies 258,261, 347 Monaco (vide Hercules Monca:us) a Pert near Genoa 731 Monbnze in the EafI Indies 256 Monepenny (Mr.) Captain of the Svperhe 795- Montbrd ^Sir Simon) Lord I4^arden oj the five Ports 33J- Montague (William) an Englifh Admiral under Edward iheThird vide 34 Monferrat, anljlandin iVor?^ America 45*3, 702, 703> 7^3> 784 Montandre (Marquis) a Portuguefe 730 vide 74, 120, 220, 308 Montezuma, ^/jf Indian X/wgc/ Mexico 275* 49 59 180 86,87 vide 249 -and by the Romans -his 60ns Mitylene (Lesbos) a City and Ijland in the Ar chipclago vide 72, 89, 90, 95- Mnalippus, a Spartan Admiral 95- Moccnigo, ^^ 674, 679 Names of Englidi and Dutch Admirals 445-, 474, 498, 499. 588,624,65^1, 674,681 Names of Officers, &c. in the Navy 534, 5-3J-, vide 6j6, 617 Names of Prifuncrs taken in the Salisbury 746 Names and Numbers, &c. of French Ships taken vide 573, 627, vide 746, 799, Soo Nantasket Road in New England 766,778 Naples, a City of Italy, vide 186, 272, 75-1, 794, 795", 796, and 79S Napoli di Romania (Nauplia) a City unthcEaJl Coafi of Morea 238 Narborougii (Sir John) a Sea Commander a^Tri- poli 404 Narenta (Narona) and Narenzans, their Origi- nal, &c. 198 tu 201 Naron, a River fo called vide 201 Narfames, the Emperor B^Ci\\a>>''s /Idmirat 192 Narfes, Juftinian'/ General in Italy 1S7, i88 Nafidius, a Sea Commander for Pompey 158 Nafluu, a Dutch Rear- Admiral ^64, 565, 566 Natolia (Alia Minior fo called) vide 236 Navatino (I'yius) a Port in the Morea, vide 74, 225-, 308, 764 Navaza, an IJland in America 5-56 Naucratis, n City in j^gypt, built, &C. 7 Navigation of the Ancients, &c. 2, 3 Navy (Royal) of England, Temp. Eliz. & Jac. i. vide 21 Navy 0'' England, vide Names of Ships and Offi- cers, and 434, 43f, 436, 481 > 494. 497, 534i ffif, 5-73, 574, 5-88, 652, 672, 674, 6S1 , 684, 686, 688 Naulochus, vide Calbarufo, and 169 Naupatlus (Lepanto) vide Aflium, and-jo, 71, Naxos, ««c o//^e Cyclades, /iWNaxians, vide 7, 95,138 Neapolis, part 0/ Syracufe /o called 134, vide 1 86 'iJ'archus, a skilful Navigator under Alexander 104 Nearchus, (.Commander wWiT Agathocles 117 Nebuchadne/za: deflroyed Old Tyre 5- Negropont, Eubaa, an IJland of the A.xc\\'\^t\z^o 49,214, vide 308 Neon, vide Burichus Nero (C;;iaudius) the Propra;tor 159 Nero, tht Roman Emperor; alfo a prctcAd'd Nero ly^ Ncfmond (Monficu.) a Ftcncii ieu o ^^, 443,460,461,610 taken 651 Neville, an Englifn Admiral 491,493, 495, 51 1, 519, 559'" 562, 567 Nevis, an Ifland in North America 605, 703 Neuftria, Normandy fo called 133 New England vide 7^5, 756. 776, 777,778" Newfoundland 348, 601, vide 631 /o 634, 700, New France, vide Candia, and Quebec ' New Jerfey in America yyg Newport, near Oftend, attempted l>y the Englifh 7?8 New York in America 776, 779 Nicaja, a City in Perlia, l/riilt by Alexander' 103 Nicaflro (Numiftrum) a City ;» Calabria 139, 194 Nice, a City of Provence in France, vide 669, 670, 677, 691 Nicholochus, a Spartan Admiral pj. Nicholfon, a« Englifh Co/&»e/ «^ Port Royal 765-, ^''le 778 Nicias aWNicoftratus, Athenian /^^»j;rfror 177 Numidrum, vide Nicaftro Nutria, a Town /» Albania or Epire 130 Obd' of Algiers, William) vide 398, 399 Pennington, an Englifh Admiral 280, 369 Penon de Velez, a Fort on the Coajl of Barbary 272, 277 Penfylvania z« America vide y'j6,yj^ Pepin, King of Italy, &c. 310 Pera, <» >y«ter^ o/Conllantinople 241,242 Percey (Francis) Captain of the Firebrand 733 Perdiccas, one of A]eiiandeT's Captains 99 Perez (Ferdinand) King of the Canaries 271 Pergamus, a City o/Mylia in LefTer Afia, vide Pericles the Athenian Admiral 64, 6f takes Samos, &c. 66, vide 69 Pericles Junior vide 89 Perfeus, King o/Macedon, his ASis 143 Vti\m\s their Naval Power ftibjeSl tbelonlans, Sac. 46,48 fo»^«friiEgypt, &c. 47 beaten by the Athenians at Marathon 49 cOnqiter''d by Alexander, vide Alexander Pertauh Pafha, aTurkifii Commander at Lepanto 229,230 Perufia, feiz^d by Lucius Antonius i6f Pcfchera, near the Curzolarie T/lnndf, vide 230 ^eterborow (Earf joint Admiral, &c. with Sir Cloudefly Shov'eil 684 (0 688 and General in Spain 689 to 697 Peterfon, v/de Fieterfon Petit-Guavas in North America 5-37, SS3^ SS^j 5- 5-7, vide 602, 698, 699, 701 Petit, or. Englifli Colonel K.-.Td at Alicant 695- Pctreius, vide Artranius Jevenfcy ;'« SufTex ' j'.ide 197 Phanoh Neco, King of lE^ypt, employs the PhuT- . n\c\zk67.'768 Pharia, vide'^01nji ■ Pharnabaius, a Pcrlian Governor of Hellcfpo^j Pharnaccs, a King of Pontus 163 /Pharos, a Tower and JJland in ^gypt l6l, 174 Fharfalia (Philippi) a Part of Macedon tj-9, 160,165- Phafelis, a City of Cilicia j^^ Phelypeaux (Monjieur) General of the I'rench Ijlands in America ^g-. Phcrmene, unc of the Cyclades ^id. Phideas, a Roman Pr.vtor ^^H Phiiantropenus, a Greek Admiral oj^ Phileas, a Sicilian Engineer j,., Philip o/Macedon 96,97,138 Philip the Second, &c. Kings of France 312, 313 Philip the Second audThird, Kings 0/ Spain, vide 277,278,279 Philip the Fifth of Spain, vide Anjou ^Duke) Philippi, a City of Macedon 165-, vide Fhar- falia Philocles, an Athenian Admiral, his cruel Advice and Death 90 91 Philodetes, his Ships again/l Troy 43)44 Phocsa and Phocaeans, their Naval Affairs, &c. 7) H Phocenfes, rob theTemple at Delphos 96, 97 Phoenice, the Capital of Epire 130, 138 Phoenicia rtW Phoenicians, improve Navigation build Cities, &C. ^ empiufd by Pharaoh, and Semiramis 4, f 6 reduced by Cambyfes \-j beaten by the Greeks 48, 64, vide 169 Phoenix, a tort 0/ Caria igo Phormio, a Feloponnelian Admiral y^ Photinus, Goz)^r»or o/\/Egypt j^ Phrips Bay at St. Chrillopher'j ^^^ Phrygia Minor vide 106 Phrygians, their Sea Dominion y Phylx, a Cajlle on the Frontiers 0/ Attica 91 Piccinini, a Milanefe General 220 Fieterfon, a D\xicU Admiral at Cales, &c. 621, 79f St Pietro di Areno, a Suburb of Genoa 795- Fiombino, aCity between Orbitello and Leghorn p. , n rA . ./39,7)4>7f5'w94 rirxus, the Fort oj Athens, vide 71,72,92 to 95-, 180, i8t Pirates 0/ Cilicia, vide Cilicia, andi^^f. 148, 15-0, 164 Pirates c/Narenza 198, 199 Pirates of the Adriatic vide 213, 224 Pirates o/Algicrs and Barbary, vide 2fi, 314, , 3 '7, 3i 1,360, 369, 397. 401. 404, ySi Pirates o/Madagalcar, &c. vide 277, fSi Pirates in iheWcW Indies, vide Kidd Pifa, and Fifans, their Sea Dominion, &c. vide 17, <»»i239,240, 241 Pifander, a Spartan General 94 Fifani (Vidlor) « Venetian Admiral 217, 218, 243 Pifatello, vide Rubicon Pi lb, a Roman General 144 Pityufa. anljland, one of theBa,\eMes, videYvii^a rV."'» Qui'itus, Pope li.-j n Jucciuia, in Newfoundland 606,632, 633,634, 777, 780 Plata, a River of Soni\\ America Plata;a, an ancient City 0/ Greece 7a Pkmmyrium, a Promontory near Syracufe 81, PliAiai 1 N D F X. Pliftias of Cos, one of Demetrius'; Sea Captains 109 Plillonax, Father of Paufanias Po (Padus) a River of U^ly point Pedro ;» America Pola, a City of ]i\na Polani (Peter) Do^e of Venice Polemon, ti ^ea Captain under Alexander Policandro, an Ijland of the Archipelago Poliorcetes, a Sirname 0/' Demetrius Poliuchus, a Syracufan Adr/iiral Pollio a Commander under Ca;far Pol lis, a Spartan Captain, his A^s Polybius, his fine Obfervation Polycrates, Tyrant o/Samos . -his Naval Power, &ic. . his (Irange Fortune, &C. -crrcumvented by Orxtes, &C 72. 199,213,217 214 III Pnlypeichon, owi- u/ zAlexandcr'; Succeflbrs 106 Les Pomegues, Iflands before Marfeilles 15S Pompeipolis, vide Soli Pompey the Great, his Fleet, &C. 1 3 his Ads I y, vide 148, 1 fo his Triumphs i J I , i f ^ his Death 160 his Sons 163 Pomponius the Civilian cited 2f Pompnnius, one t/Cxfar'^ Sea Commanders 160 Pondicheri on the Coaji of Cormandel 643 Pontenille, &c. Vicnch Proteflant Sea Comman- ders 316 Ponte Vedra on the CoaJi of Spain 623 Pontochan, videVittoria Pontus (the Eiuxine Sea^ vide 14, 147, 149, 175-, 176 Ponty (Monficur) the French Admiral, vide 5-51 lu 5-63,652 Pon7,a, an Ifland near Gaeta 272 The Pope owns the Archduke for King of Spain 756 Popoli 'Duke dc) a Spanidi General 798 Porca, in the Eall- Indies vide 262 Portmore (Lord) an Englifh General in Spain 621 Porto Bcllo vide fy3, 697, 698, 703 to 707 Porto Brondolo vide 218 Portocarrero (Cardinal) 5-81 Port Cros, an IJland, oue of the Hyeres 773 • "_• 5-36,537,603,698 j Porto Reale, near Cadiz ^i^, 621 Porto Rico in America 5'fi5 699, 707, 715' Port Royal /« Jamaica, burnt 5-98, vide 703, 710 Port Royal (Annapolis) in Nova Scotia 5'f3, 764, 765-, 766, 767 212 Porto Spez20, near Genoa, in Italy 217, vide 648 Portus, a Fort at the Mouth of the Tybcr 1S7, 188 Portus Achxorum . vide 149 Portus Icclus in Britain vide 15-5 Portus Trutulenlis {'./or Rutupenfis) 234 Portugal Cove near Belle Ifle in America y6o Portugal (vide Lufitania) the King on bord the Englifti Fleet 666 PortUguefe, their Naval Power, Navigation, &c. 17, 148, 2J4 and Lib. 3. Ch. 8. per totum 157,164 129 8 10,11 46 47 —flop the En^V\i\\ Fleet at Lisbon -See the like attempted vide 690 729 168 26 740 to 748 694 6j Port de Paix . i. e. Francois Potto Farino, «»TunisB.«>amiu/ --iTii^.M, jfjy/tiiina 74 Pyrrhus, King of Epire 1 1 2, n8, 1 20 Pythaeas, a Native oj Marfeilles, his Difcoveriet II Pyihes, a Corinthian Admiral 8j Pytho- i Index. Pythodorus, an K'MiWvin Admiral vide 73 Pyrrhus, King of Y-finc iii, n8,i20 Quahutimoca, the lafl King 0/ Mexico ly^ Quarto (Simon) a Venetian Admiral 244 Quebec, the unadvifedExpcciitioy; thither ^ig^yi-^^ 716, and Lib. 5-. Cap. 32. per totum QueeKs ef England (Mary I.) 341 Elizabeth 342 Anne 610,722,741 j^««» 0/ Spain »'a England 421 at the Groyne, Barcelona, &c. vide Lib. s- Ch. 28. and 36 Queen Chriftina of Sweden 202 Qaefne, vide Du Quefne Quiloa, in the E.ilMndies 2.^^-, 2y6 Ouince Rock, a Fort -near St. Malo 5-26, 5-27, f28 5<.Quintin, a City «» France taken by the Englifh 342 Quintius, iJ Roman /4i/»zn (Pi(itello) a River of l^■l^■^e Mfditerrautan near C"jndi,i vide 120, 242 •"daracem (Andrew) .a Pifa " imn il 240 Sarajioi':' a C.->v 0/ Arragon I'ain 674,774 Saracens, their Naval Force, h '\c. .6 and i8h to 193 Sarca, « River falling into tf)e Lake di Garda 222 Sardes, the capital City o/Lydia 48 Sardinia, an Ijland m the Meditemean, viiid- 11,268,269 'ditccd to Kmg Ch.: les the Third, vide 5-19, 751 -^2, 768, 769, 770, 771 Scipo, his Son, Conful ——vanquijljed by Caefar Scirwan (Albania) a Province of V'^^^^ Scotland, attempted by the Prete'"^"' 74° '" 74^^ Scutari (Chalcedon) a ToV "» *hc Piopomis vide 149,224 Scyllsum Promontory (Cape Schilli, or Sciglio) 167,189 Scyro, «» Jy7(.• Carthaginians, &c. iif i>y the Romans, &c. 123 to 136 'yz'd by Sextus Fompeius 164, 166 • atic/ited by OStav'.us 168 vide MiTina D.'de of S:\oy King thereof 799 Sicyon, an ancient^ ity. of VcloponncCas 75- Silly IJhinds, vide Sciy Sidon, an eminent City ojPhccn'icla 4 Sidonians fave the Tyriar. from Alexander'/ Mafj'aere 1 02 Segefrid, a King of Denmark 305- Sigxum Promontory videS6,.,M<^ Singus, a Gtdf near Mount Athos jo Sinope and Sinopoli, a City and Port in Paphla- gonia e/» z^f Euxine vide7,24f Siroc (Mchemet) a Tarkifh Commander 229 Smith, an Englilh Sea Captain 1^6 Smyrna, a City o/Lefler Alia on the Propontis 212,5-24,798 Snames (Jofeph) an Englifh Sea Captain at Que- bec 780 Sobians, a People conquered by Alexander 103, 104 5ofala, theEaJi Coaft of Africa near Madagafcar 9.^5-4 Soli (Pompeipolis) a City of C\\\c'\a. ifi So! ion, a Toxvn belonging to Ccinnih 70 Solomon and Davi'u", ioeir tleets, Navigation, &c. 8,9 Somerfdyke, a Dutch Sea Captain ■ and Adm:ral at Port Malion Somerfet fDnke) Mafter of the Ilorfe Soria in Old Caliile, vide Niimantia, and Soubit7.e (Duke) the Rochelltr'j General Soundings, Lord Durflev there -'23 • «a^ vide Jennings, Rooke, RufR-Il Soutius, a River of Italy ->r-^ Spain ^)?.o'' (Strongyle) an Iftand on the North cf Sicily 16S Stro7.7.a (John) Pode/lat 'jI Gerii.j 244 Stro'iZi (Philip) a i- tench Admiral 2-s Strymon, Index. Strymon, a Gulf near Mount Athos fo Suaco, a Place near Ca!es 621 SubercafTe (Monfiettr) i34 i5'o,i39,Mi Tabago, an IJland in America pojffejfed by the Englifh 4'347 vide 701 Tachus, a King of JE?,ypt '.^ Tacitus, a Reman Emperor Taenarium, ,1 Promontory, »»«; Cape Matapin »T3 Tajo (Tagus) the River of Lisbon 7f 7 Talmarfl), an Englifli Lietitenayit General at Bvert 495". 499 Tamifis, «i&^ /^'^^f Thames lyrt Tanagra, -» City oj ITniia 73 Tanais, a River, vide Don Tangier on the Coafl of AtVic 2f4, 397, 4t) , Ofl T:* rmina ^Tauromenia) a City tn Sicily i68 Tapjobann. vide Ceilon Tarento (Tarcntum) « City of Naples 763, 764 a^d the chief City oJ the Tarentines, vide 7S, 139,1/5^,176 Tareiitmes, their IVars with the Roma/is, &c. videii,78,^^y,ac. Tariff, vide Mellaria Tarragona, a City nvd Pn of Spain 692, 7fi, 767,771,772,793,796 Tarfhidi, andTjtQii, a Difcourj'e thereon 9 TarteQus,.ihLucar) at the Mouth of tht Boetis vide 6, 9,10 faflb (Thafus) an IJland at the bottom of {he At- chipelago, 63 Tauromenia, vide Taormina Taurotnenites, a kind of Gems 136 Taurus, a Sea Captain a«i«- Auguftus 168 Teias, 4H, 45'f Thouhn, a French City and Ptrt in the Medi- terrmean 5^12,^13,^20,690 -hjifg'd and bombarded by the Englifh, &c. 73^' 770, 771. 794. 796, 797, 799 Thouloufe (Count) High-Admiral of France 678, 690 Thracia and Thracians, their Sea Dominion, &c. 6,96 Thracinn Bofphorus, the i fixer Str eights of Gon- (lantinople 7,61 Thracian Cherfonefus, vide Cherfonefus, and 63,00 Thrafon 0/ Thebes, aPeloponneiiani<^/ru/ 89 Thtafvbulus */>* Athenian 87 e? lUd _ 88 '■•■ ■' eats tht Jtyramti 93 Thr« -'us. tf» Athenian yf <*»»>*' 86,87,89 Throniom I N D E X. Throninm, a T'ovjn bdvngmg to Corinth 70 'l"hyfr.i, a City near Mount Athos 75- Tiberius the Roman Er/ipaor 174,175" Tidore, an Ijland, &.C. in the Esift-Indies 260, 261, 262, 276, 27S Tiepolo (Lawrence) a Venetian Sea Cumman- der 415- TigraiifS, /u';;? 0/ Armenia 146 Timoleon, tke Coxlmh'vM Adrriirtil, his Ails 116 Timoiheus, (Son »/Conon) an Atheuiin Admt- nl 9S 214 16S 3' 3 4C0 Tina, an If.and or City on tke Archipelago Titjdaris (Tindaro) a Town in Sicily Tiptot (Robert) aa ^Lvt^W^X Admiral Tirrick Hiddes, Admiral of Vue^'dnd^ Tilienus Gallus, one of Sext. IfompeiusV Sea Commanders 1 69 Tilfjphcrnes, the Perfian Gencrxl 86, 87,93 Tita, a Town on the Coafl of Barbary 260 Titinius, a Sea Captain under Auj^uftus 169 To'ms, (Monfieur) a French Cominander at Ro- chc-lle 3~3'374^37J' Toll (Mejfienr) a Dutch Sea Captain in Ireland 440 Toilet (Mr.) Captain i-/ //jf Aflarance, h-.s fmart Kngagement 7^3) 7^4 Toiiingen, a Port, &c. on the River Eydtr 5-84 Toledo (Frederick de) //«/ o/Spaiii 279 Torbay, a noted Fort in England 414, 415-, 444, 44<5, 5'4^'H<5,7i7,728 Torbole, a Town on the Lake Ct\ Garda 222 Torone, «*t9,7iiwii,7M7 76i,788' Troy in Ada, the City dejlroyed vide 42,43 Truccadero, a Creek near Cadiz in Spain 525- Tuditanus, a Roman Proconful 138 Tun is, a City on the Coafl of Afric 196 taken by the Tupks 308, 309, vide 25-0, 278, _ . 3i4> vide 397,491 Turin, the cat>ital City of Savoy 6o< Turks, their "Naval Affairs, vide 19, 20,308,309 Turky TrW.' vide 491,518, 5-19 Turlis, the Duke therer>f vide 771 Tufcany (the Grand Duke thereof) 736 Tycha, a part or' Syracufe 134 Tyndaro, videTindaris Tyrants of Athens vide 92, 93 7 yre /'« of Phoenicia 4 Tyre dejlroyed, &c. vide 5-, 98 to 102, 212, 215-, 241 Tyrrhenians, People of Tufcany, their Sea Do- minion, &c. II, 114 Tyrrhene Sea vide 203 Tzazon the Vandal, Brother o/Gilimer 18/ U Vado , a little Town and Port Weft of Savona 736, 749i 7f 1 , 7 J5-, 769, 770. 774) 793) 794. 797i 798 Val del Orfo, vide Oricum Valens, and\ i\t\\\\\\\i.\\ Emperors 1S4 Valentia, a City and Kingdom in Spain 5^09,693 the Archduke there 729, 730, 75-4, 771, 772, 773. 798 Valerian, an Admiral under i^ irks 187 Valerius, a Roman Admiral 138,140 Valerius, Ca:far'j Lieutenant 157 Valerius Flaccus, the Roirian Conful 147 Valerius Paulinus, Vefpitiian^s Admiral iy6 Valladolid, aCit\ m Spain 773 Valois (Charles, C'y.v/.'? dc) a p'rcnch Admiral ■^i'^ Valona (or La Valonna) a large Town ;« Albania vide 235' Vandali, the Vandals 184, 185, vide 306 VauderduH'cn, a Dutch Rear-Admiral 637, 664, 665, 666, 669, 676, 685- Vandergocs, a Dutch Vice-Admiral 484, 485-, 488, 5-71,621,6^1 Vander-Hulft, Vice- Admiral e/Am(lcrdam 296 Vannes in Bretagno inhabited by theVene\{ if, vide 316 Vanftaten Land, in Norway 3^ Van Tromp, the Dmch Admiral 279,281 to 292, 398 Var, a River »^(»rThoulon 73', 73^ R r r r r Varna, Index. Varna, (jToa-?? »» Bulgaria 176 Varus, a Roman General 174 Vafques d'Gima, a Portuguefe High- Admiral 260 Vata/j" (John) rt Geno(e Sea Commander 214 Vatican rf^Rcunj 191 Vatinius, a Sea Commander for Csefar at Brun- dulium, &c 139,162,163 Udltedt, a Port /';? Denmark fSf Venables andi'tnw fent tu ^Ac Weft-Indies 385- to 1,91 Venerianus, the Eynperor Galicnus Admiral 176 Vendofme (Duke) rf French Commander m Spain 774 Veneti of Gaul, videVannes, /;;;i 15-3,323,324, Venice, its Original, &c. 16, 17, Vide 3 lo Venetians heatea by the Saracens 16 wiiT/Zt'r Cyprus, Candia, &c. 17 beat the Turks 20 Veniere (Sebaftian) a Venetian Admiral 228 Ventidius, M. AntonyV Lieutenant againji the Parthians 167 Vera Crux in //jt- Weft-Indies 591, 5-97, 699, 70f, 707,709,788 Vercingetorix, a Gaulifii Commander 15-6 Verden, vide Bremen Vere C^Vr Francis) an Englifh Sea Commander 3J'9 Verezano (Ji)hn) a Florentine , Difcoverer of New France 316 Vernon (Mr.) Captain 'f the ]erky 710,713,715- Verona, a City «/Lombardy Vefpalian, the P.oman Emperor 175-, 324 Vetch ( ) an Englilh Colonel at Port Royal iii America 7'^<5 . and at Quebec 781 Vetrani, a fn/moas Genocide Commander 214 Ufford (William) an Enf^Vah Admiral cnder Ed- ward the Third vide 33 Ugolin (Count) a Piian Sea Commander 24O Viadri (James) 763^799 Villars (Monfietir) Commander of a trench Scjua- dron 730 Villena fTlT^rf «;■(,' Fw-iZoy «/ Catalonia 5-07 Villeroy (Marfljal) a French General 738 Villet (Monfietir) a French Admiral 485- Vincent ( ) rt»Englifh^V 446 Viftula, a River of Poland, fills into the Bal- tic, &c. 174 Vifurgis the RiiierWefei 282, vide W Vitalis (Michael) Doge (//Venice 213 Vitellius the Roman Emperor i^j- Victoria (Pontochan) a C:ty of the Americans vide 275- Uleckery, <»/ 642 Wager (Mr.) Commadore in the Waft-Indies, vide 703 to 71 1 Waldemar, King o/Denmark 306, 307 Walker (Sir Hovenden ) Captain of the Bur- ford, &c. 5-99, 600,605-, 624, 71 5", 716 and Admiral 741,74^ -his Expedition to Quebec, &c. 775- to 786 — ..^ ._ ,^ _ , „_. 113— /-- ' Walpole (Captain) Commander of theij'^owj'j^f 797 Walton (George) anEn^W^^ Sea Captain <»? Que- bec 780 Walton ( ) an Englifti Colonel at Quebec 781 Wamba, a Gothic King in Spain 188 Warna, a .^rt'fr 0/ Germany 306 War declared againfl France (zW Spain 619 Warren (Thomas) an EngliOi Sea Captain 5-81, ^82 Warwick (Earl) Lord High- Admiral of EngXiad. ^ „ 334. 335" Waflenaer, a Dutch Rear-Admiral 5-88,624,65-1, 666, 667, 669, 676, 6S5-, 690, 694, 696, 7J-I Watchtmeifter (Count) Admiral, General of Swe- 432 69 j- 290 306 den Waterford, a City in Ireland Watkins, Captain of the St. George Weiftel and Elbe, Rivers 0/ Germany The Well, a Shoal o^'Lincolnfhire Weftphalia, the Peace there Wetheman, a Danifh Admiral _, . Wheler {Sir Francis) an Englifh Admlra 478, 479, f9' 7 494 Whetftone (SirWWlhm) an En%\\(i\ Rear -Ad- miral vide 5-92, 5-97, 598, Ctoo, 602, 606 his Proceedings to rAf Weft-lnV<» Captain atLz Huk;ue 466 Wright (Lawrence) an Euglidi Sea Captain at //^l- Wed-ladies 451 ;a 45-8,466 Wyat, an Englifh Sea Captain 63S Wyld (Baron) Captain of the Royal Oak 718 X Xabea, aTown andPont war AlteaaWDenia797 Xaintogne, a Prvmce of b'tance 317 Xantippus, a Lacedxmonian General 125- Xcres, a River near Cadiz in Spain 621 Xerxes, the Perl]an King, fucceeds Darius, and reduces the ^Egyptians fo invades Greece, &c. fOj fi > 5*4 his Fleet and Army beaten 5-)", 5-6 Ximenes (Rowland) accufes Columbus 274 Yarmouth Road 639 Yv York Duke) Commander of tie En^Vid) Fleet 295-, _ ^98, 321 193 (Ebnfus ai.-d Pityufa) one of the Bak-arcs, ■educed hy the \'il\\US jy -feiz'd t>y Scrturius 14S, vide 1^5- -poj/eji'd by King Charles 0/ Aullria, vide 696, 799 Zal>aim, fl«<. P. 130. 1. 39. after few- mandedr. inCorcyra. P .1^1. I. 10. {. and i. who. In theMargin, (.Miletus i. Metita. P. 134. 1. ult. f. an Ijland r. and the Ifland. P. 139. 1. 20. f.drew r. drove. P. 141. 1. 30. dele the Comma after Amhajfador. 1. 31, dele and. P. 161. in the firft Note in the Margin, f. Ganymedes r. Achillas, l.p. after Eunuch t. who. P. 168. 1. 34. dele but. 1. 36. r. but AgrippaV. 1. 37. dele fo that. P. 170. 1.38. r. a-peek. P. 180. 1. 6. f. on r. of. 1. 8. f. and on r. andof. P. 185-. I. 31. r. Pratbrio. P. 186. 1. 32. {.fixed T.fajiened. P. 219. I.18. r.Boucieaut. P. 336. 1. 20. r. Trai^. P. 447. 1. 48. f. Dominica r. Guadalupe. P. -^iS. l.it^.f.aitfing r. failing. P. 619. 1.8. dele the Comma alter ^ffer^-. P. 633. 1. 13. r. Gaily. P. 724. 1. fO f hey r. they. P. y^o. I. 44. f. Lampourdan r. Ampourdan. P. 773. 1. 16. f. /row r, for. P. 774. 1. 46. r. /row England tffP«r^ Mahon. P. 791. 1. 8. i. fort. from. P. 794. 1. 28. dele that. P. 797. 1. 27. f. ofx. to. FINIS. ERRATA. 5- 6. 34- 1 6. 13- 39- 21. 31. ^3- 3'- »5- 11. 19. 3- PREFACE. Page. Line. 3. 3. ioT Lipanto T. Lepanto. for Contrarini r. Contar'mi, for ^4^cj read .^I^sj. after Da-js r. including alfo the Mer- chant ships of the Kingdom. leave out be. for 700/. r. 70C0/. leave out te, for about r. above. for Countries r. Counties. CONTENTS of Book V. Ch. XV. i. 24. for Beaumont r. £«<»«- mont's Proceedings. Ch. XX. I. 17. for them r. r/ier«. Ch. xxxi. 1. 33. iox Adgt i.Agde. BOOK. after of r. ^;/. leave out as r. JEqiiator. for Provem r. Provence. after Porn make a , r. Vergivian. for callengcd r. challenged. for r/;e r. ^/j. after extend r. »». for « r. « Aiire. for r. then. r. f;,0f CAIIFOP^ ^ISCH^IRGF- Ol^CHAteE-URL MAR 3 1381 JUL 1 1985 iEC*D U)-!mL loiumilOV t (• '5^ ^ ^\\E•UNIVERS•/y ^ Form L9-Series 4939 -mmm^- \WEUNIVEBy/^ ^lOSANCElfj> v^tllBRARYO^^ ^1 \r^ ^C /'i, ti rn ^OFfALIF0% ^< \WEIINIVER% -XI IpsOi ^■lOSANCflf o %a]AiN(mv^ ^V\f^lNIVER% ^lOSANCEIfx^ 1^ '^,, I § ■if,. / 3 1 58 00458 9221 'CH.'i!|VJ JU 000 704 93 ^ ^ "3- '-w 't- ^\V —^ ec S; ivo-jov -'♦'aodiivD jo->'