GIFT OF MICHAEL REESE :^ '##?l' I f THE READER'S HANDBOOK OF ALLUSIONS, REFERENCES, PLOTS A^D STORIES WITH TWO APPENDICES BY THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D. TRINITY HALL, CAMBRIDGE AUTHOR OF " DICTIONARY OF PURASB AND FAULK " AND "GUIDE TO SCIBNCB." PHILADELPHIA J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1 8 8 J TO MT DAnOHTIU, NELLIE AND AMT,^ Miiii Uoltnne is IBcliicatcli BY THEIR AFFECTIONATE FATHER. I CONTENTS OF THE VOLUME. I Animals a^imitted into paradise, p. 983 ; animals with human speech, p, 1073. Athens, the violet-crowned city, p. 1070. Authors and dates of dramas, opera>^, and oratorios, Appendix I. ('hildren of precocious genius, p. 789 ; calculating boys, p. 149. Curiosities connected with dates, dynasties, names, and letters (see M). Dates of poems, novels, tales, and so on, of our best authors, Appendix II Death by wild horses, p. 1102 ; death from strange causes, p. 242. 'Dying words of historic characters, p. 282. jKlastic tents', ships, horses, and carpets, p. 983. End of the world, p. 1118 ; an endless tale, p. 515, col. 2, last art. Errors of references and illustrations, pp. 301-7 ; anachronisms, p. 34 ; etc. Examinations, stock books and pieces for, p. 1009. Foote's fivrrago of nonsense, p. 727 ; " An Austrian army . . ." p. 719 ; Tom Tusser's T totals, p. 968 ; Stornello Verses, p. 948 ; " The cipher you sigh for," p. 190. Harmonious blacksmith, who, and where he lived, p. 109G. Historical, legendary, dramatic, and other parallels. Kings of Ireland, p. 1049, art. Ulster j kings of England, p. 517 ; klu^,.. France, *p. 518 ; surnames of kings, pp. 511-15. (See SoVERElG^8.) 'jcgonds, such as " The Devil's Dyke," Brighton, p. 249 ; the " Jackd^iw / Rheims," p. 826 ; the sinner saved, p. 915 ; and many others. Lists of bogie names, p. 675; of noted diamonds and nuggets, dw: giants, fools and jesters ; favourites of great men, p. 573 ; improvi kings with character names, pp. 511-15 ; knights ; literary inr. pp. 409-70 ; of lives exceeding 100 years, p. 564 ; of lord mayors w i founded noble houses, p. 626 ; of medical quacks, pp. 804-6 ; oaths of great men, relics, revolutionary songs, ring posies, r^ the sagas; instances of spontaneous combustion, p. 938; water stri pp. 941; strong men, pp. 949-50; the ill-fated Stuarts, p. 950, v.; ; monpes to death, p. 954; faraoiis swimmers, p. 964 ; United St'' America, p. 30 ; warning-giverc, ^^ CONTENTS. Marriage a civil contract in Shakespeare's time (see Vincentio, p. 1068). Men with tails, jx 969 ; men turned to wolves, p. 1114. Miracle-workers or Thaumaturgi, p." 988. Musical instruments which played at a bidding, p. 979. Names and characters of dramas, novels, tales, romances, epic poems, etc. . Nine tailors make a man, p. 970. Numbers associated with great names : as September 3 with Cromwell, p. 222 ; number 2 with Napoleon, p. 677 ; number 7 with Eienzi, p. 892 ; number 88 with the Stuarts, p. 951 ; number 2 unlucky in the English, dynasties, p. 1045 ; number 3, pp. 997-99. Omens of evil averted, p. 1034. Painters and sculptors who have rivalled nature, p. 721 ; characteristics of noted artists, pp. 721-22. Parallel tales : as Perrette and her milk-pail, p. 753 ; Scogan's jest, p. 878 ; the " House that Jack built," p. 456 ; Parnell's Hermit, p. 440 ; Wolsey's remark, " Had I but served my God . . ." p. 891 ; Shylock and Samp- son Ceneda, p. 907 ; sir Piiilip Sidney at Zutphen, Alexander, and David, p. 908 ; Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves and Tycho in German " history," p. 1046 ; Don Quixote and the flock of sheep, p. 901 ; William Tell and the appl(?, p. 980 ; Trajan, Hadrian, and Philip, with importunate women, 1022 ; and scores of others. Pests, the use of, p. 1054. Plots of plays, the stories of epic poems, ballads, and other tales in verse and prose. Travellers* tales, p. 1023; the romance of famous pictures: a* Hogarth ft "Undertakers' Arms," p. 606; Doyle's immortal "Punch and Toby," p. 1012 ; and many others. Poets, p. 778 ; cluster poets, p. 775 ; cyclic poets, p. 230. Pseudonyms, epinyms, nicknames, titular surnames, names of similitude, initialisms, pet names given to French kings (p. 618), etc. Saints who are patrons of diseases, places, and trades, pp. .860-62, Science, heresy of, p. 438 ; men of science persecuted, p. 1111, Sex changed, p. 1115. Sleepers or men not dead, but only biding their time, pp. 919-2t). Slo-Fair, Chichester, p. 922. Snap, Norwich ; another at Metz, p. 925. Snow Kings, p. 927 ; White King, p. 1098 ; White Queen, p. 806. Sovereigns of England, their titles and superscriptions, p. 849; the days of their death, p. 933 ; the fatality of three successors, p. 517 ; Saturday not a fatal day, pp. 871 and 933 ; etc. (See Kings.) ' possessed by dumb animals, p. 1073 ; given to conceal thought, p. 936 , CONTENTS. Stimulants used by public actors and orators, p. OiO. Stock Exchange nicknames, p. 946. Street nomeuclature. Striking lines of noted authors, and sayings of great men. Superstitions and traditions about animals, precious stones, etc., pp. 955-61. Thieves screened by kings, p. 992 ; thieves of historic note, pp. 993-94 ; the penitent and impenitent, 248. The Timcfi newspaper, p. 1006. The twelve Table Knights ; twelve Paladins ; twelve Wise Masters ; etc. Three a sacred number, pp. 997-99. Thirteen precious things, p. 99;i ; thirteen unlucky, p. 995. Titles and superscriptions of the popes, p. 785. Toad w:ith an R, p. 1012. Touching for the king's evil, p. 1019. Transformations, p. 1023. Trees noted for specific virtues and uses, pp. 1025-31 ; largest in the world, p. 1025. Unlucky possessions, p. 1052. Vicarious punishment (art. Zeleucus), p. 1129; whipping boys, p. 1096. Vulnerable parts of difterent heroes, p. 1076 ; invulnerability, p. 474. Warning-givers, pp. 1082-87. Waste time utilized, p. 1088. Welsh Triads, pp. 999-1001. Wind sold, p. 1108. Wines named from their effects, p. 1109; three-men wine, p. 1109; the rascal who drank wine out of a boot, p. 1040 (see Tun). Women changed to men; made of flowers; the nine worthy; abandoned women, p. 1115. Wooden horse of Troy and parallel stories, p. 1117. V'isdom honoured, p. 1110; wisdom persecuted, p. 1111. When no page v added, look under the word with a capital initial \^ n\^ :73ns ITT I PREFACE. /'The object of this Handbook is to supply readers and speakers with a lucid, but very brief account of such names as are used in allusions and references, whether by poets or prose writers, to furnish those who consult it with the plot of popular dramas, the story of epic poems, and the outline of well-known tales. Who has not asked what such and such a book is about r and who would not be glad to have his question answered coixectly in a few words ? When the title of a play is mentioned, who has not felt a desire to know who was the author of it? for it seems a universal practice to allude to the title of dramas without stating the author. And when reference is made to some character, who has uot wished to know something specific about the person referred to? The object of this Handbook is to supply these wants. Thus, it gives in a few lines the story of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey^ of Virgil's JEneid, Lucan*s Pharsalia, and the Thebaid of Statins ; of Dante's Divine Comedy^ Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, and Tasso's Jervsalem Delivered ; of Milton's Paradise Lost and Paradise Jiegained ; of Thomson's Seasons ; of Ossian's tales, the Nibelungen Lied of the German minnesingers, the J^omance of the Pose, the Lusiad of Camoens, the Loves of Theagenes and Charicleia by Heliodorus (fourth century), with the several story poems of Chaucer, Gov/er, Piers Plowman, Hawes, Spenser, Drayton, Phineas Fletcher, Prior, Goldsmith, Campbell, Southey, Byron, Scott, Moore, Tenny- son, Longfellow, and so on. Far fro m limiting its scop fl tft Xfwi'', *^^ Hand- book tells, with similar brevity, the stories of our national fairy tales and rom.ances, such novels as those by Charles Dickens, Vanity Fair by Thackeray, the Passelas of Johnson, OuUiver*8 Travels by Swift, the Serdimentdl Journey by Sterne, Don Quixote and Gil Blas^ Telernachus by Fenelon, and Undine by De la Motte Fouque. Great pains have been taken with the Arthurian stories, whether from sir T. Malory's colbction or' from the Mabinogion, because Tennyson has brought them to tlie front PREFACE. in his Idylls of the King ; and the number of dramatic plots sketched out is many hundreds. \^y Another striking and interesting feature of the book is the revelation of the source from which dramatists and romancers have derived their stories, and the strange repetitions of historic incidents. Compare, for example, the stratagem of the wooden horse by wl)ich 1'roy was taken, with those of Abu Obeidah in the siege of Arrestan, and that of the capture of Sark from the French, p. 454. Compare, again, Dido's cutting the hide into strips, with the story about the Yakutsks, p. 164 ; that of Komulus and Kemus, with tlie story of Tyro, p. 843; the Shibboleth of Scripture story, with those of the . "Sicilian Vespers," and of the Danes on St. Bryce's Day, p. 901 ; the story of Pisistratos and his two sons, with that of Cosmo de Medici and his two grandsons, p. 771 ; the death of Marcus Licinius Crassus, with that of Manlius Nepos Aquilius, p. 392 ; and the famous " Douglas larder," with the larder of Wallace at Ardrossan, p. 269. Witness the numerous tales resembling that of William Tell and the apple, p. 980 ; of the Pied Piper ot Hamelin, p. 766 ; of Llewellyn and his dog Gelert, p. 369; of bishop Hatto and the rats, p. 429 ; of Ulysses and Polyphemos, p. 1050 ; and of lord Lovel's bride, p. 571. Witness, again, the parallelisms of David in his flight from Saul, and that of Mahomet from the Koreishites, p. 937 ; of Jephtha and his daughter, and the tale of Idomeneus of Crete, or that of Agamemnon and Iphigenia, p. 491 ; of Paris and Sextus, p. 895 ; Salome and Fulvia, p. 864 ; St. Patrick preaching to king O'Neil, and St. Arecd before the king of Abyssinia, p. 738 ; with scores of others mentioned in this Handbook. In the appendix arc added two lists, which will l^ found of great use : the first contains the date and author of the several dramatic works set down ; and tho second, the date of the divers poems or novels given under their author's name. To ensure jccuracy, every work alluded to in this large volume has been reg^ perfiORa^ by the author expressly for this Handbook, and since the compilation was commenced ; for although, at the beginning, a few others were employed for the sake of despatcli, the author read over for hims^ilf, while the sheets were passing through the press, the works put into their hands. The very Baiautj:^|er)^nces to words and phrases, book and chapter, act and sccuc-. often to page and line, will be sufficient guarantee to the reader that this assertion is not overstated. The work is in o. measure novel, and cannot fail to bo useful. It is owned that Charles Lamb has told, and told well, the Tales of Shakespeare ; but Charles Lamb has occupied more pages with each tale than the Handbook has lines. It is also true that an " Argument '* is generally attached to euch book of an epic story ; but th reading of these rhapsodies is like reading an I PREFACE. tndex few have patience to wade through them, and fewer still obtain there- from any clear idea of the spirit of the actors, or the progress of the story. Brevity has hi^gp th< ^im qf thi" TTq"/^^lnr.lr^ but clearness has not been Bficrificed to terseness ; and it has been borne in mind throughout that it i$ not enough to state a fact, it must be st ated attractiv ely, and the character described mtlst^bS""3rawn characteristically, if the reader is to appreciate it, and feel an interest in what he reads. It would be most unjust to conclude this preface without publicly acknowledging the great obligation which the author owes to the printer's reader while the sheets were passing through the press. He seems to have entered into the very spirit of the book ; his judgment has been sound, his queries have been intelligent, his suggestions invaluable, and even some of the articles were supplied by him. Those verses introduced but not signed, or signed with initials only, are by the author of the Handbook, They are the Stomello Verses, p. 948 ; Nones and Ides, p. 689 ; the Seven Wise Men, p. 894; the Seven Wondecs of the "World, p. 894; and the following translations: Lucaif's "Ser- pents," p. 759; "Veni Wakefield perama;num," p. 373; specimen of Tyrtjeos, p. 1047 ; " Vos non vobi3,"p. 1075; "Roid'Yvctot,"p. 1126; 'Non amo to," p. 1126; Marot's epigram, p. 569 ; epigram on a \'ioUn, p. 1070 ; epigram on the Fair Rosamond, p. 84* v the Heidelberg tun, p. lOtO ; Disniaa and Gesmas, pp. 248, 375 ; " Roger Bontemps," p. 839 ; " I^ bon roi Dagobert," p. 678 ; " Pauvre Jacques," p. 741 ; Virgil's epitaph, p. 1070; "Cunctis mare," p. 874; "Nl fallat fatum," p. 879; St. Elmo, p. 859 ; Baviad, etc., pp. 85, 591 ; several oracular responses (see PnorHECT, p. 795 ; W005SN Wai.i-s, p. 1117 ; etc.); and many others. The chief ot^ject of this note is to prevent any nselesa Kiarc/b after these trifles. ITT t THE READER'S HANDBOOK, AA'RON, a Moor, beloved by Tam'- ora, queen of the" Goths, in the tragedy of Titus Andron'icus, published amongst the plays of Shakespeare (1593). (The classic name is Andronicus, but the character of this play is purely fictitious.) Aaron (St.), a British martyr of the City of Legions {Newport, in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Maximian'us Hercu'lius, general in Britain, of the army of Diocle'tian. Two churches were founded in the City of Legions, one in honour of St. Aaron and one in honour of his fellow-martyr, St. Julius. Newport was called Caerleon by the British. . . . two others . . . sealed their doctrine with their blood ; St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have tlieir room At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian's doom. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiv. (1622). Aaz'iz {3syL), so the queen of Sheba or Saba is sometimes called ; but in the Koran she is called Balkis (ch. xxvii.). Abad'don, an angel of the bottomless pit (Eev. ix. 11), The word is derived from the Hebrew, abad, "lost," and means the lost one. There are two other angels intro- duced by Klopstock in The Messiah with similar names, but must not be con- founded with the angel referred to in Jiev.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the other Abbad'ona, the repentant devil. Ab'aris, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride through the air, See Dictionary of Phrase ana Fable. Abbad'ona, once the friend of Ab'- diel, was drawn into the rebellion of Satan half unwillingly. In hell he con- stantly bewailed his fall, and reproved Satan for his pride and blasphemy. He 1 openly declared to the infemals that he would take no part or lot in Satan's scheme for the death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate fate we are not told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon, the angel of death, says " For thee, Abbadona, I have no orders. How long thou art jiermitted to remain on earth I know not, nor whether thou wilt be allowed to see the resurrection of the Lord of glory . . . but be not deceived, thou canst not view Him with the joy of the redeemed." " Yet let me see Him, let me sec Him 1 " Klopstock, The ilesfiah, xiil Abberville {Lord), a young noble- man, 23 years of age, who has for travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary, wholly igno- rant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young man runs wantonly' wild, squanders his money, and gives loose to his passions almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed by his honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his father's executor, Mr. Mortimer. This "fashionable lover" promises marriage to a vulgar, malicious city minx named Lucinda Bridgemore, but is saved from this pitfall also. Cum- berland, The Fashionable Lover (1780). Abdal-azis, the IMoorish governor of Spain after the overthrow of king Koderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic sovereignty, his subjects were so offended that they revolted and murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick. Southey, Roderick, etc., xxii. (1814). Ab'dalaz'iz {Omar hen), a caliph raised to " Mahomet's bosom" in reward of his great abstinence and self-denial. Herbelot, 690. He was by no means scrupulous; nor did he think witii the caliph Omar ben Abdalaziz that it was nec- sary to make a hell of this world to enjoy pwadiso in th* next. W. Beckford, Yathck (1786). ABDALDAR. ABSOLON. Abdal'dar, on^ of the magicians in tlie Donidaniel caverns, " under the roots of the ocean." These spirits were destined to be destroyed by one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 syL), so they p'irsecutcd the race even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'aba, and Abdaldar was appointed by lot to find him out and kill him. Ho discovered the stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him, and he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the magician's finger a ring which gave him commiind over tho, spirits. Southey, Thalaba the JJeetrvyer, ii. iii. (1797). Abdalla, one of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert's slaves. Sir W. Scott, Ivauho'e (time, Richard I.). Ahdal'lah, broUier and predecessor of Giaf'fer (2 suL), pacha of Aby'dos. He Avas murdered by the pacha. Byron, JJride of Abydos. Abdallah el Hadgi, Salad in's en- voy. Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Kichard I.). Abdals or Santons^ a class of re- ligionists who pretend to be inspired with the most ravishing niptures of divine love. Regarded with great vene- ration by the vulgar. Olearius, i. 971. Abde'risn Laughter, scoffing laughter, so called from Abdera, the birtliplace of Democ'ritus, the scoffing or laughing philosopher. Ab'diel, the faithful seraph who withstood Satan when he urged those under him to revolt. . . . tho seraph Ahtliel, faifhrul found Among Uie t'uithless ; fiiithful onljr ha Among innumerable false; unmoved, tfnsliaken, iinseduced, unterrifled. Hu loyalty he kept, bis lore, his zeal. Milton, Paradise Lott, v. ^596, etc. (1665). Abensberg {Count), the father of thirty-two children. When Heinrich II. made his progress throu.^'h Germany, and other courtiers presented their offerings, the count brought forward his thirty-two children, "as the most valuable offering he could make to his king and country." Abes'sa, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's Faiiry Qriecn^ i, 3. She ia the paramour of Kirk- rapine, who used to rob churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, daughter of Corceca (Blindness of Heart), Abney, called Young Ahnt-yt the friend of colonel Albert Lee, a royalist. Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, the Com- monwealth). Abon Hassan, a young merchant of Bagdad, and hero of the tale called *' The Sleeper Awakened," in th^ Arabian Nighti' Enttirtainments. While Abon llasRan is asleep he is conveyed to the palace of Haroun-ol-Kaschid, and the attendants are ordered to do everything they can to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes the caliph's chief favourite. Shakespeare, in the induction of Taming of the Shrcv\ befools " Chris- topher Sly" in a sinnlar way, but Sly thinks it was " nothincr but a dream." Philippe le Bon, duk of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora, tried the same trick. Burton, Anatomy of Melan- choly, ii. 2, 4. Abra, the most beloved of Solomon's concubines. Fruits their odciir lost and meats their taste. If gentle Abra hi.d not decked the feast ; Dishonoured did the sparkling oblet stand. Unless received from gentle Abra's hand ; . . . Nor could my soul approve tho music's tone Till all was hushed, and Abrr. sang alone. Jl. Prior, Solomoit (1664-1721). Ab'radas, the great Macedonian pirate. Ahrad.^?, the great Macedonian plrat, thought every one had a letter of mart that bare sayles In the ocean. Greene, I'enelope't Web (1601). A'braham's Oflfering (G^^n. xxii.). Abraham at the command of God laid his only son Isaac upon an altar to sacrifice him to Jehovah, when his hand Avas stayed and a ram substituted for Isaac. - So Agamemnon at Aiilis was about to offer up his daughter Iphigeni'a at the command of Artgmis {Diana), when Artemis carried her off in a cloud and substituted a stag instead. Abroe'omas, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of Ephesi'aca, by Xenophon of Ephesus (not the historian). Ab'salom, in Dryden's Absalom, and Achitophel, is meant for the duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. {David). Like Absalom, the duke was handsome j like Absalom, he was loved and rebellious; and like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685). Ab'solon, a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. His hair was curled, his shoes slashed, his hoaa red. He could let blood, cut hair, and ABSOLUTE. ACHILLES. have, could dance, and play either on the ribible or the gittern. This gay spark paid his addresses to Mistress Alison, the young wife of John, a rich but aged car- penter; but Alison herself loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, a lodger in the house. The Miller's Tale (1388). Absolute {Sir Anthony), a testy, but warm-hearted old gentleman, who ima- gines that he possesses a most angelic temper, and Avhen he quarrels with his son, the captain fancies it is the son who is out of temper, and not himself. Smol- lett's "Matthew Bramble" evidently sug- gested this character. William Dowton (1764-1851) was the best actor of this part. Captain Absolute, son of sir Anthony, in love with Lydia Languish, the heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Bever- ley. Bob Acres, his neighbour, is his rival, and sends a challenge to the un- known ensign ; but when he finds that ensign Beverley is captain Absolute, he declines to fight, and resigns all further claim to the lady's hand. Sheridan, T/ie Jiivals (1775). When you saw Jack Palmers in " captain Absolute," you thought you could trace liis promotion to some lady of quality, wlio fancied the handsome fellow in his top-knot. Mid had bought liiui a comuussioa. Ciiurles Lanib. Abu'dah, in the Tales of the Genii, by H. llidlcy, is a wealthy merchant of Bag- dad, who goes in quest of the talisman of Oroma'nes, which he is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every night and makes his life wretched. He finds at last that the talisman which is to free him of this hag lamsctefice] is to "fear God and keep His command- ments." Abu'dah, in the drama called The Siege of Damascus, by John Hughes (1720), is the next in command to Caled in the Arabian army set down before Damascus. Though undoubtedly brave, he prefers peace to war ; and when, at the death of Caled, he succeeds to the chief command, he makes peace with the Syrians on honourable terms. Acade'raus, an Attic hero, whose garden was selected by Plato for the place of his lectures. Hence his disciples were called the "Academic sect." The green retreats of Academus. Akenside, Pleasures of Imagination, i. Aca'dia {i.e. Nova Scotia), so called by the French from the river [^Shuben'V- acadie. In 1621 Acadia was given to sir William Alexander, and Its name changed ; and in 1755 the old French settlers wera driven into exile by George II. Long- fellow has made this the subject of a poem in hexameter verse, called Evan'geline (4 syl.). Acas'to {Lord), father of Seri'no, Casta'lio, and Polydore ; and guardian of Monimia "the orphan." He lived to see the death of his sons and his ward. Polydore ran on his brother's SAVord, Cas- talio stabbed himself, and Monimia took poison. Otway, The Orphan (1680). Accidente ! (4 syl.), a curse and oath much used in Italy. Accidente! coqui vout dire en bon franfais : Puis-tu mourir d'uccident, sans confession, damnS. ilous. About, ToUa fa tale). Aces'tes (3 syl.). In a trial of skill AcesteSjthe Sicilian, discharged his arrow with such force that it took fire from the friction of the air. The JEneid, Bk. V. Like Acestfes' shaft of old, The swift thought kindles as it flies. Longfellow, To a Child. Achates \_A-ka' -teze}, called by Virgil " fidus Achates." The name has become a synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but is generally used laughingly.- TheyEneid. Ue, like Achates, faithful to the tomb. Byrou, Don Juan, i. 159. Acher'ia, the fox, went partnership with a bear in a bowl of milk. Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the milk ; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says the fox, " Here is the bowl ; one shall have the cream, and the other all the rest : choose, friend, which you like." The bear told the fox to take the cream, and thus bruin had only the mud, A Basque Tale. A similar tale occurs in Campbell's Popular Talesof theWest Hi, " I flow with grief.") Bad Acheron of sorrow, black and deep. MUton, ParadUe Lust, ii. 578 (1G65). Achilles (3 syl.), tha hero of the ADAM. 6 ADICIA. Adam^ a faithful retainer in the family of sir Rowland de Boys. At the age of four score, he voluntarily accompanied his young master Orlando into exile, and offered to give him his little savings. He has given birth to the phrase, "A faithful Adam" [or man-servantl. Shakespeare, As You Like It (1598). Adam's Ale, water. Adam's Profession, tillage, gar- dening. When Adam delved and Eve simian. Who was then the gentleman ? Ray's Proverbs. There Is no ancient gentleman but gardeners, ditchers, and grave-makers ; they hold up Adam's profession. Sliakespeare, JIamlet, act v. sc. 1 (1596). Adami Bell, a northern outlaw, noted for his archery. The name, like those of Clym of theClough, William of Cloudesly, Kobin Hood, and Little John, is synony- mous Avith a good archer. Adam.as or Adamant, the mineral called corun'dum, and sometimes the dia- mond, one of the hardest substances known. Albrecht was as firm as Adamsis. Schmidt, Germ. Hist, (translated). Adam.astor, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly pallor, "erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black, his teeth blue and disjointed, his beard haggard, his face scarred by lightning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared." The sailors trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to trespass "where never hero braved his rage be- fore?" He then told them " that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their foolhardiness." Camoens, The Lusiad, v. (1569). Adam.'ida, a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints, martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered at the crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the earth, so as to produce a total eclipse. Adamida, in obedience to the divine command, flew amidst overwhelming storms, rushing clouds, falUng mountains, and swelling seas. Uriel stood on the pole of the star, but so lost in deep contempl.ation on Golgoth.a, that he heard not the wild uproar. On coming to the region of the sun, Adamida slackened her course, and ad- vancing before the sun, covered its face and intercepted all its riiys. Klopstock, The Messiah, viiL (1771). Adams (John), one of the mutineers of the Bounti/ (1790), who settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to morals. In 1839 the colony was voluntarily placed under the pro'- tection of the British Government. Adams (Parson), the beau-ideal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but eccentric country clergyman, of unswerving in- tegrity, solid learning, and genuine piety ; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as a girl in all personal matters ; wholly ignorant of the world, being "m it but not of it." Fielding, Joseph An- drctss (1742). His learning, his simplicity, his evangelical purity of mind J.re so afJmirably mingled with pedantry, absence of mind, and the habit of athletic . . . exercises . . . that he rajiy be s.afely termed one of the richest productions of the muse of fiction. Like don Quixote, parson Ad.inis is beaten a little too much and too often, but the cudgel lights upon his shoulders . . . without the slightest stain to his reputation. Sir W. Scott. Adder (deaf). It is said in fable that the adder, to prevent hearing the voice of a charmer, lays one ear on the ground and sticks his tail into the other. . . . when man wolde him enchante. He leyeth downe one eare all flat Unto the grounde, and halt it fast ; And eke that other eare als faste He stoppeth with his taille so sore That he the wordes, Ijisse or more. Of his enchantiSment ne hereth. Gower, Ve Con/essione Amantis, i. x. (1482), Adder's Tongue, that is, oph'io- glos'sum. For them that are with [by] newts, or snakes, or ndden stung. He seeketh out an herb that's calidd adder's tongue. Drayton, Polyolbion, xiii. (1613). Ad'dison of the Worth, Henry Mackenzie, author of Tlie Man of Feeling (1745-1831). Adelaide, daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore. She is killed by her father in mistake for another. Robt. Jephson, Count of Nar- bonne (1782). Adeline (Lady), the wife of lord Henry Amun'deville (4 syl.), a highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses of the upper ten. After the parliamentary sessions this noble pair filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of Fitz- Fulke, the duke of D , Aurora Raby, and don Juan "the Russian envoy." The tale not being finished, no sequel to these names is given. (For the lady's character, see xiv. 54-56.) Byron, Don Juan, xiii. to the end. Ad'emar or Adema'ro, archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical warrior in Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered. See Dic- tionary of Phrase and Fable. Adic'ia, wife of the soldan, who in- cites him to distress the kingdom of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to negotiate peace, ADICUS. ADOSINDA. Adicia, in violation of international law, thrusts her [Saniient] out of doors like a dog, and sets two knights upon her. Sir Ar'tegal comes to her rescue, attacks the two knights, and knocks one of them from his saddle with such force that he breaks his neck. After the discomfiture of the soldan, Adicia rushes forth with a knife to stab Samient, but, being inter- cepted by sir Artegal, is changed into a tigress. Spenser, Fa^ry Queen, v. 8 (la96). %*The ''soldan" is king Philip II. of Spain; "Mercilla" is queen Elizabeth ; " Adicia" is Injustice personified, or the bigotry of popery; and " Samient" the ambassadors of Ilolland, who went to Philip for redress of grievances, and were most iniquitously detained by him as prisoners. Ad'ieus, Unrighteousness personified in canto vii. of The Purple Inland (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. He has eight sons and daughters, viz., Ec'thros {hatred), Eris {variance) a daughter, Zelcs {emulation), Thumos (wrath), Erith'ius {strife), Dichos'tasis {sedition), Envy, and Phon'os {murder) ; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, adlkos, "an unjust man.") Adie of Aikenshaw, a neighbour of the Glendinnings. Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth). Adme'tus, a king of Thessaly, husband of Alcestis. Apollo, being con- demned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for twelve months for slaying a Cyclops, entered the service of Admetus. James R. Lowell, of Boston, U.S., has a poem on the subject, called The Shepherd of King Admetus (1819- ). Ad'mirable {The): (1) Aben-Esra, a Spanish rabbin, born at Tole'do (1119- 1174). (2) James Crichton {Kry-ton), the Scotchman (1551-1573). (3) Roger Bacon, called "The Admirable Doctor" (1214-1292). Adolf, bishop of Cologne, was de- voured by mice or rats in 1112. (See Hatto.) Ad'ona, a seraph, the tutelar spirit of James, the "first martyr of the twelve." Klopstock, The Messiah, iii. (1748). A'donbec el Hakim, the physi- cian, a disguise assumed by Saladin, who yiaits sir Kenneth's sick squire, and cures him of a fever. Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.). Ado'nis, a beautiful youth, beloved by Venus and Proser'pina, who quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the dispute, decided that the boy should spend six months with Venus in the upper world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored to death by a wild boar in a hunt. Shakespeare has a poem called Venus and Adonis. Shelley calls his elegy on the poet Keats Adona'is, under the idea that the untimely death of Keats resembled that of Adonis. {Adonis is an allegory of the sun, which is six months north of the horizon, and six months south. Thammuz is the same as Adonis, arid so is Osiris.) Ado'nis Flower, the pheasant's eye or red maithes, called in French goute de sang, and said to have sprung "from the blood of Adonis, who was killed by a wild boar. O fleur, si chfcre \ Cythdr6e, Ta coroUe fut, en imissant, Du sang d'Adonb colorte. Anonyme. Adonis's Q-arden. It is said that Adonis delighted in gardens, and had a magnificent one. Pliny says (xix. 4), " Antiquitas nihil prius mirata est quam Ilesperidum hortos, ac regum Adonidis et Alcinoi." How shall I honour thee for this success ? Thy promises are like Adonis' gardens. That one day bloom'd, and fruitful were the next. Shakespeare, 1 Ilenry Yl. act i. so. 6 (1589). An Adonis garden, a very short-lived pleasure ; a temporary garden of cut flowers ; an horticultural or floricultural show. The allusion is to the fennel and lettuce jars of the ancient Greeks, called "Adonis' gardens," because these plants were reared for the annual festival of Adonis, and were thrown away when the festival was over. Ad'oram, a seraph, who had chargo of James the son of Alphe'us. Klopstock, The Messiah, iii. (1748). Adosinda, daughter of the Gothic governor o Auria, in Spain. The Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved her alive for the captain of Alcahnian's regiment. She went to his tent without the least resis- tance, but implored the captain to give her one night to mourn tlie death of those so near and dear to her. To this he complied, but during sleep she murdered ADRAMELECH. iEGEON. him with his own scymitar. Roderick, disguised as a monk, laelped her to bury the dead bodies of her house, and then she vowed to live for only one object, vengeance. In the great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who gave the word of attack, "Victory and Vengeance ! " Southey, Roderick, etc., iii. (1814). Adram'elech {ch=k), oneofthefallen angels. Milton makes him overthrown by U'riel and Raphael (Paradise Lost, vi. 3G5). According to Scripture, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means "the mighty magnifi- cent king."] The Sepbarvites burnt their children in the fire to Adramelech. 2 Kings xvii. 31. Klopstock introduces him into The Messiah, and represents him as surpassing Satcn in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is made to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and whom he hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude he might become the supreme god of all the created worlds. At the crucifixion he and Satan are both driven back te hell by Obad'don, the angel of death. Adraste' (2 syL), a French gentleman, who enveigles a Greek slave named Isi- dore from don Pfedre. His plan is this : He gets introduced as a portrait-painter, and thus imparts to Isidore his love and obtains her consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Zaide (2 si/l.) to don P^dre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and Pfedre promises to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands that Zaide be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. PMre intercedes; Adraste seems to relent; and Pedre calls for Zaide. Out comes Isidore instead, with Zaide's veil. " There," says Pbdre, "take her and use her well." "I will do so," says the Frenchman, and leads off the Greek slave. Moliere, Le Sicilien ou L' Amour Feintre (1667). A'dria, the Adriatic. Fled over Adria to the Hesperian fields \Italii]. Milton, Paradise Lost, i. 520 (1665). Adrian'a, a wealthy Ephesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus, twin-brother of Antiphoius of Syracuse. The abbess ^>miiia is her mother-in-law, but she knows it not ; and one day when she accuses her husband of infidelity, she says to the abbess, if he is unfaithful it is not from want of remonstrance, "for it is the one subject of our conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speak- ing of it ; at table I will not let him eat for speaking of it ; when alone with him I talk of nothing else, and in company I give him frequent hints of it. In a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love another better than he loves his wife " (act v. sc. 1). Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors (1593). Adria'no de Arma'do (Don), a pompous, fantastical Spaniard, a military braggart in a state of peace, as Parolles (3 syl.) was in Avar. Boastful but poor, a coiner of words but very ignorant, solemnly grave but ridiculously awkward, majestical in gait but of very low pro- pensities. Shakespeare, Love's Labour Lost (1594). (Said to be designed for John Florio, sumamed "The Resolute," a philologist. Holof ernes, the pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play, is also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.) Adriat'ic wedded to the Doge. The ceremony of wedding the Adriatic to the doge of Venice was instituted in 1174 by pope Alexander III., who gave the doge a gold ring from his own finger in token of the victory achieved by the Venetian fleet at Istria over Frederick Barbarossa. The pope, in giving the ring, desired the doge to throw a similar one into the sea every year on Ascension-Day in comme- moration of this event. The doge'a brigantine was called Bucentaur. You may remember, scarce five years are i>ast Since in your brigantine you sailed to see The Adriatic wedded to our dulce. T. Otway, Venice Preserved, L 1 (1682). Ad'riel, in Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel, the earl of Mulgrave, a royalist. Sharp-judging Adriel, the Muses' friend ; Himself a muse. In sanhedrim's debate True to his prince, but not a slave to state ; Whom David's love with honours did adorn, That from his disobedient son were torn. PartL (John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649- 1721) wrote an Ussay on Poetry.) .ffi'acus king of QLno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that he was made at death one of the three judges of hell. The other two were Minos and Rhadaman'thus. ^ge'on, a huge monster with 100 arms and 50 heads, who with his brothers, Cottus and Gygcs, conquered the Titans iEGEON. iENEID. by hurling at them 300 rocks at once. Homer says ynen call him "^ge'on," but by the gods he is called Bri'areus (3 syL), (Milton accents the word on the first syllable, and so does Fairfax in his translation of Tasso. See Paradise Lost, i. 746.) JEge'on, a merchant of Syracuse, in Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors {IbQ'd). -Sigi'na, a rocky island in the Saronic gulf. It was near this island that the Athenians won the famous naval battle of Sttl'aniis over the fleet of Xerxes, B.C. 480. The Athenian prows were decorated with a figure-head of Athe'nae or Minerva. And of old Rejoiced the virgin from the brazen prow Of Athens o'er jEgina's gloomy surge . . . o'erwhelming all the Persian promised glory. Akenside, llymn to the A'aiadt. -ffilia Lae'lia Crispis, an inex- plicable riddle, so called from an in- scription in Latin, preserved in Bologna, which may be rendered thus into English : 2ELIA L^LIA CRISPIS. Neither man, nor woman, nor androg)me ; Neither girl, nor boy, nor eld ; Neitlier harlot nor virgin ; But all [of thesej. Carried off neither by hunger, nor sword, nor poiion ; But by all [of them]. Neither hi heaven, nor in the water, nor in the earth ; But biding everywhere. LUCIUS AGATHO PRISCUS. Neither the husband, nor lover, nor friend ; Neitlier grieving, nor rejoicing, nor weeping ; But all [of thesej This neither a pile, nor a pyramid, nor a sepulchre That is built, he knows and knows not [which it is]. It is a sepulchre containing no corpse within it ; It is a corpse with no sepulchre containing it j But the corpse and the sepulchre are one and the same. Jt would scarcely ffuide a man to the solution of the '^lia Lcelia Crispis." J. W. Draper. .Amelia, a lady of high degree, in love with Am'ias, a squire of inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting- place, she was caught up by a hideous monster, and thrust into his den for future food. Belphoebe (3 syl.) slew "the caitiff " and released the maid (canto vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amias from the durance of Psea'na, Corflambo's daughter, and brought the lovers together " in peace and settled rest" (canto ix.). Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. (1596). -SSmiria, wife of .^ge'on the Syra- cusian merchant, and mother of the twins called Antiph'olus. When the boys were shipwrecked, she was parted from them and taken to Ephesus. Here she entered a convent, and rose to be the abbess. Without her knowing it, one of her twins also settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest citizens. The other son and her husband ^Egeon both set foot in Ephesus the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they became again united to each other. Shakespeare, Comedy of ^rrors (1593). -ffimon'ian Arts, magic, so called from iEmon'ia ( Thessaly), noted for magic. The jEmonian. Jason was so called because his father was king of iEmonia. .Sjne'as, a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called yEneid. He was the son of Anchi'ses and Venus. His first wife was Creu'sa (3 syl.), by whom he had a son named Asca'nius ; his second wife was Lavinia, daughter of Latlnus king of Italy, by whom he had a posthumous son called iEne'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law in the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth " Brutus," the first king of Britain (from whom the island was called Britain), was a descendant of ^Eneas. ^ne'id, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was taken by the Greeks and set on fire, iEne'as, with his father, son, and wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original birthplace of the family. The wife was lost, and the old father died on the way ; but after numerous perils by sea and land, J'^neas and his son Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Latlnus, the reigning king, received the exiles hospitably, and pro- mised his daughter Lavin'ia in marriage to iEneas ; but she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince Turnus, son of Daunus, king of Itu'tuli, and Turnus would not forego his claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle the dispute by an appeal to arms. Turnus being slain, ^neas married Lavinia, and ere long suceeded his father- in-law on the throne. Book I. The escape from Troy ; ^Eneas and his son, driven by a tempest on the shores of Carthage, are hospitably enter- tained by queen Dido. II. .^neas tells Dido the tale of the wooden horse, the burning of Troy, and his flight with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost and died. III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and the death of his father. ^.OLUS. 10 AGAMEMNON. IV. Dido falls in love with ^neas ; but ho steals away from Carthage, and Dido, on a funeral pyre, puts an end to her life. V. ^neas reaches Sicily, and celebrates there the games in honor of Anchises. This book corresponds to the Iliad, xxiii. VI. ^Eneas visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to Odyssey, xi. VII. Latinu% king of Italy, entertains i5racca. /^^ Milton, Paradite Regained, iii. (1671). ^"^ % 's ^A.g'rioa, Lumpishness personified ; a "sullen swain, all mirth that in himself and others hated ; dull, dead, and leaden." Described in canto viii. of The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (1635). (Greek, agrXos, "a savage.") Agrippina was granddaughter, wife, sister, and mother of an emperor. She was granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Claudius, sister of Caligula, and mother of Nero. *** Lam'pedo of Lacedaemon was daugh- ter, wife, sister, and mother of a king. Agripy'na or Ag'ripyne (3 syl.), a princess beloved by the "king of Cyprus' son, and madly loved by Orleans." Thomas Dekker, Old Fortunatus (a comedy, 1600). A'gue (2 syl.). It was an old super- stition that if the fourth book of the Iliad was laid open under the head of a person suffering from Quartan ague, it would cure him at once. Serenus Sammon'icus (pre- ceptor of Gordian), a noted physician, has amongst his medical precepts the follow- ing : Moeonice Iliados quartum suppoue timenti. erase. 50. Ague-cheek {Sir Andrew), a silly old fop with " 3000 ducats a year," very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that "beef had done harm to his wit." Sir Andrew thinks himself " old in nothing but in understanding," and boasts that he can "cut a caper, dance the coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques," like a young man. Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1614). Woodward (1737-1777) always sustained "sir Andrew Ague-cheek " with infinite droUeiy, assisted by that ex- pression of " rueful dismay," which gave so peculLir a zest to his Marplot. Boaden, Life of Siddont. Cliarles Lamb says that "Jem White saw James Dodd one evening in Ague-cheek, and recognizing him next day in Fleet Street, took off his hat, and s.tiuted him with " Save you, sir Andrew ! " Dodd simply waved his band and exclaimed, " Away, fool ! " A'haback and Des'ra, two en- chanters, who aided Ahu'bal in his rebel- lion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahubal had a magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the sultan and the best of the troops were drawn off, and the sultan's tent was taken. The enchanters, delighted with their prize, slept therein, but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked him to cut a rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen on the enchanters and crushed them to mummies. In fact, this stone formed the head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which the sultan had severed in the night. James Ridley, Tales of the Genii ("The Enchanters' Tale," vi.). Ahasue'rus, the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to exe- cution. He rested a moment or two at his door. " Get off ! Away with you ! " cried the cobbler. "Truly, I go away," returned Jesus, " and that quickly ; but tarry thou till I come." And from that time Aha- suerus became the " wandering Jew," who still roams the earth, and will con- tinue so to do till the "second coming of the Lord." This is the legend given by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig (1547). Greve, Memoir of Paul von Eitzen (1744). Aher'man and Ar'gen, the f ormei a fortress, and the latter a suite of im- mense halls, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures of human intelli- gence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals that inhabited the earth before the present races existed, W. Beckford, Vathek (1786). Ah'med {Prince), noted for the tent AHOLIBAMAH. 14 ALADDIN. given him by the fairy Parl-banou, which would cover a whole army, and yet would fold up so small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same good fairy also gave him the apple of Samarcand', a panacea for all diseases. Arabian Nights' Entertainments ("Prince Ahmed, etc."). *** Solomon's carpet of green silk was large enough for all his army to stand upon, and when arranged the carpet was wafted with its freight to any place the king desired. This carpet would also fold into a very small compass. The ship Skidbladnir had a similar elastic virtue, for though it would hold all the inhabitants of Valhalla, it might be folded up like a sheet of paper. Bayard, the horse of the four sons of Aymon, grew larger or smaller as one or, more of the four sons mounted it. (See Aymox.) Aholiba'mah, granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was loved by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was carried off to another planet Avhen the Flood came. Byron, Heaven and Earth, Proud, imperious, and aspiring, she denies that she worahips the seraph, and declares that his immortality can bestow no love more pure and warm than her own, and she expresses a conviction that there is a ray within her ' which, though forbidden yet to shine," is nevertheless lighted at the same ethereal fire as his own. Finden, Byron Beautiei. Ah'riman or Ahrima'nes (4 5^/.), the angel of darkness and of evil in the Magian system, slain by Mithra. Ai'denn. So Poe calls Eden. It is a reproduction in English spelling of the Arabic form of the word. Tell this soul, with sorrow laden, If within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden, Whom the angels name Leuore. Edgar Poe, The Raven. Aik'WOOd {Ilingmi), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of Knockwinnock Castle. Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary. Aim'well {Thomas, viscount), a gentleman of broken fortune, who pays his addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of lady Bountiful. He is very handsome and fascinating, but quite " a man of the world." He and Archer are the two beaux of The Beaux' Strataijeia, a comedy by George Farquhar (1705). I thought it rather odd that Holland should be the only " mister " of the party, and I said to mysel', as Gibbet said when he heard that "Aimwell " had gone to thurch, " That looks suspicious " (act ii. so. 2). James Smith, Mer/utirt, Letter*, etc. (1840). : Aircastle, in the Cozeners^ by S. Foote. The original of this rambling talker was Gahagan, whose method of conversation is thus burlesqued : A ircastle : " Did I not tell you what parson Prunello said ? I remember, Mrs. Lightfoot was by. She had been brought to bed that day was a month of a very fine boy a bad birth ; for Dr. Seeton, 'vho served his time with Luke Lancet, of Guise's ~ There was also a talk about him and Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Will Whitlow, another apprentice, who had great expec- tations from an old uncle in the Grenadiers ; but he left all to a distant relation. Kit Cable, a midshipman aboard the Torbay. She was lost coming home in the channel. The captain was taken up by a coaster from Bye, loaded with cheese " [Now, pray, what did parson Prunello sjiy? This is a pattern of Mrs. Nickleby's rambling gossip.] Air'lie {The carl of), a royalist in the service of king Charles I. Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose. Airy {Sir George), a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, the ward of sir Francis Gripe. Mrs. Centlivre, The Busybody (1709). A'jax, son of (Jileus [O.i'.lucel, generally called "the less." In conse- quence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, the prophetic daughter of Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he perished at sea. Homer, Odyssey, iv. 507 ; Virgil, uEneid, i. 41. A'jax Tel'anion. Sophocles has a tragedy called Ajax, in which "the madman " scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of Atreus, has been men- tioned at greater or less length by several Greek and Roman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called Troilus and Cressida. (See Ali- PHAUNON.) The Tuscan poet [Ariosio] doth advance The frantic paladin of France [Orlando Furioto]; And those more ancient [HophocUs and Seneca] do en- hance AlcidSs In his fury [HercuUt Pureni\; And others, Ajax Telamon ; But to this time there hath been none So bedlim as our Oberon ; Of whicU 1 dare assure you. M. Drayton, NympMdla (1563-1631). Ajut and Anningait, in The Ram- bier. Part, like Ajut, never to return. Campbell, Pleasure* of Hope, 11. (1799). Ala'ciel, the genius who went on a voyage to the two islands, Taciturnia and Merryland [London and Paris]. De la Dixmerie Lisle Taciturne et I'isle En~ joue'e, ou Voijaqe du Genie Alaciel dans les deux lies (175'9). Aladdin, son of Mustafa a poor tailor, of China, " obstirate, disobedient, ALADDIN. 15 ALASNAM. and mischievous," wholly abandoned " to indolence and licentiousness." One day an African magician accosted him, pre- tending to be his uncle, and sent him to bring up the "wonderful lamp," at the same time giving him a "ring of safety." Aladdin secured the lamp, but would not hand it to the magician till he was out of the cave, whereupon the magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for Africa. Aladdin, wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the magic ring, when the genius of the ring appeared before him, and asked him his com- mands. Aladdin requested to be delivered from the cave, and he returned home. By means of his lamp, he obtained untold wealth, built a superb palace, and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's daughter. After a time, the African magician got possession of the lamp, and caused the palace, with all its contents, to be transported into Africa. Aladdin was absent at the time, was arrested and ordered to execution, but Avas rescued by the populace, with whom he was an im- mense favourite, and started to discover what had become of his palace. Happen- ing to slip, he rubbed his ring, and when the genius of the ring appeared and asked his orders, was instantly posted to the place Avhere his palace was in Africa. He poisoned the magician, regained the lamp, and had his palace restored to its original place in China. Yes, ready money is Aladdin's lamp. Byron, Von Juan, xii. 12. Aladdin's Lamp, a lamp brought from an underground cavern in "the middle of China." Being in want of food, the mother of Aladdin began to scrub it, intending to sell it, when the genius of the lamp appeared, and asked her what were her commands. Aladdin answered, "I am hungry; bring me food ; " and immediately a banquet was set before him. Having thus become acquainted with the merits of the lamp, he became enormously rich, and married the sultan's daughter. By artifice the African magician got possession of the lamp, and transported the palace with its contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the magician, recovered the lamp, and re- translated the palace to its original site. Aladdin's Palace Windovcs. At the top of the palace was a saloon, containing twenty-four windows (six on each side), and all but one enriched with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. One was left for the aultan to complete, but all the jewel- lers in the empire were unable to make one to match the others, so Aladdin com- manded " the slaves of the lamp " to complete their work. Aladdin's Eing, given him by the African magician, " a preservative against every evil." Arabian Nights (" Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp "). Al'adine, the sagacious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by Raymond. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). Al'adine (3 syl.), son of Aldus "a lustv knight." Spenser, Faery Queen^ vi. 3 (1596). Alaff, Anlaf, or Olaf, son of Sihtric, Danish king of Northumberland (died 927). \Vlien ^:thelstan lAthelstan'] took possession of Northumberland, Alatf fled to Ireland, and his brother Guthfrith or Godfrey to Scotland. Our English Athelstan, In tlie Nortliumbrian fields, with most victorioas might. Put Alaff and his powers to more inglorious flight. Drayton, I'olyolbion, xii. (1612). A1 Araf, the great limbo between paradise and hell, for the half good. Al Koran, vii. Alar'con king of Barca, who joined the armament of Egypt against the cru* saders, but his men were only half armed. 'Xaa^.o, Jerusalem Delivered{lblb). Alaric Cottin. Frederick the Gieat of Prussia was so called by Voltaire. " Alaric " because, like Alaric, he was a great warrior, and "Cottin" because, like Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very indifferent poet. Alas'co, alias Dr. Demktuius Do- BOOiJius, an old astiologer, consulted by the earl of Leicester. Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth). Alas'nam {Prince Zeyn) possessed eight statues, each a single diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more valuable than them all. This ninth was a lady, the most beauti- ful and virtuous of women, "more pre- cious than rubies," who became his wife. One pure and perfect [woman} is . . . like Alasn^m's lady, worth them all. Sir Walter Scott. Alasnam's Mirror. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue, the king of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to look when he saw a beauti- ful girl, "if the glass remained pure and unsullied, the damsel would be the same, but if not. the damsel would not ALASTOR. 16 ALBION. be wholly pure in body and in mind." This mirror was called "the touchstone of virtue." Arabian Nights (" Prince Zeyn Alasnam "). Alas 'tor, a house demon, the " skele- ton in the closet," which haunts and torments a family. Shelley has a poem entitled Alastor'or the Spirit of Soli- tvde. Cicero says he meditated killing himself that he mi^ht become the Alastor of Augustus, wliom he hated. Plu- tarch, Cicero, etc. (" Parallel Lives"). God Ahnighty mustered up an arn>y of mice against the rchbisljop [llatto\ and sent them to persecute him as Lis furious Alastors. Coryat, Cruditict, 571. Al'ban {St.) of Ver'ulam, hid his con- fessor, St. Am'phibal, and changing clothes with him, suffered death in his stead. This was during the frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichfield. Alban our proto-martyr called. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiv. (1622). Alba'nia, the Scotch Highlands, so called from Albanact, son of Brute, the mythical Trojan king of Britain. At the death of Brute " Britain " was divided between his three sons : Locrin had Eng- land ; Albanact had Albania (Scotland) ; and Kamber had Cambria ( Wales), He [A rthur] by force of arms Albania overrun, Pursuing of the Picts beyond mount Caledon. Di-ayton, Polyolbion, iv. (1612). Alha'nia {Turkey in Asia). It means "the mountain region," and properly com- prehends Schirwan, Daghestan, and Geor- gia. In poetry it is used very loosely. Al'berick of Moktemar, the same as Theodorick the hermit of Engaddi, an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his life, and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the archduke of Austria. Sir W. Scott, The Ihlisman (time, Richard I.). Al'berick, the squire of prince Richard (one of the sons of Henry II. of Eng- land). Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed {time, Henry II.). Albert, commander of the Britannia. Brave, liberal, and just, softened and refined by domestic ties and superior in- formation. His ship was dashed against the projecting verge of Cape Colonna, the most southern point of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Rodmond (second in command) grasped on his legs and could not be shaken off. Tliough tniined in boisterous elements, hi mind Was yet by soft humanity refined ; Each .loy of weddeent to mourn. Though fit to frame an everlasting ditty, Whose gentle sprite for Daphne's death doth turn Sweet Lays of love to endless plaints of pity, Spenser, Colin Clout's Come JJome Again (1591). Alcy'one or Halcyone (4 sy/.), daughter of i5']f)lus, who, on hearing of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea, and was changed to a kingfisher. (See Halcyox Days.) Aldabel'la, wife of Orlando, sister of ALDABELLA. 19 ALESSIO. Oliver, and daughter of Monodan'tes. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, etc. (1516). Aldabella, a marchioness of Florence, very beautiful and fascinating, but arro- gant and heartless. She used to give entertainments to the magnates of Flo- rence, and Fazio was one who spent most of his time in her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous of the marchioness, accused him to the duke of being privy to the death of Bartoldo, and for this offence Fazio was executed. Bianca died broken-hearted, and Aldabella was con- demned to spend the rest of her life in a nunnery. DeanMilman, Fazio (a tragedy, 1815). Alden (John), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathers, in love with Priscilla, the beautiful puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff old soldier, wishing to marry Priscilla, asked John Alden to go and plead for him ; but the maiden answered archly, "Why don't you speak for yourself, John " Soon after this, Standish being reported killed by a poisoned arrow, John spoke for himself, and the maiden con- sented. Standish, however, was not killed, but only wounded ; he made his reappear- ance at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he accepted the situation with the good-natured remark : If you would be served you must serve yourself; and moreover No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season of Christmas. Longfellow, Courtship of Miles Standish, ix. Aldiborontephoscophornio [Al'- dibo-ron'te-fos'co-for'nio], a character in Chrononkotonthologos, by 11. Carey. (Sir Walter Scott used to call James Bal- lantyne, the printer, this nickname, from his pomposity and formality of speech.) Al'diger, son of BuoVo, of the house of Olarmont, brother of Malagi'gi and Vivian. ^Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Al'dine (2 sy^.), leader of the second squadron of Arabs which joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso says of the Arabs, "Their accents were female and their stature diminu- tive " (xvii.). Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1675). Al'din^ar {Sir), steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. He impeached the queen's fidelity, and agreed to prove his charge by single combat ; but an angel (in the shape of a little child) established the queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering version of the story of Gunhilda and the emperov Henry. Percy, Eeliques, ii. 9. Aldo, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran, To resent this affront, he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Erragon king of Sora (in Scandinavia), and here Lorna, the king's wife, fell in love with him. The guilty pair fled to Morven, which Erragon immediately invaded. Aldo fell in single combat with Erragon, Lorna died of grief, and Erragon was slain in battle by Gaul, son of Morni. Ossian ("The Battle of Lora "). Aldrovand {Father), chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old Norman warrior. Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Aldrick the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby. Sir W. Scott, Feveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Aldus, father of Al'adine (3 syl.), the " lusty knight." Spenser, Faery Queen, vi. 3 (1596). Alea, a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Troy ; at least so Isidore of Seville says. Suidas ascribes the inven- tion to Palamedes. Alea est ludus tabulae inventa a GraDcis, in otio Trojan! belli, a quodam niilite, nomine Alea, a quo ct ars nonien accepit. Isidorus, Orig. xviii. 57. Alector'ia, a stone extracted from a cajion. It is said to render the wearer invisible, to allay thirst, to antidote enchantment, and ensure love. Mirror of Stones. Alee'tryon, a youth set by Mars to guard against surprises, but he fell asleep, and Apollo thus surprised Mars and Venus in each others' embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock. And from out the neighbouring farmyard Loud the coclcAJectryon crowed. Longfellow, Pegasus in Pound. A'leph, the nom de plume of the Rev. William Harvey, of Belfast (1808- ). Ale'ria. one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives of Guido the Savage. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Alessio, the young man with whom Lisa was living in concubinage, when Elvi'no promised to marry her. Elvino made the promise out of pique, because he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he discovered his error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to ALETHES. 20 ALFADER. marry Alessio, with whom she had been previously cohabiting. Bellini's opera, La Sonnanibula (1831). Ale'thes (3 syl.), an ambassador from Egypt to king Al'adine (3 syl.) ; subtle, false, deceitful, and full of wiles. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1675). Alexander the Great, a tragedy by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French we have a novel called Roman d' Alexandre, by Lambert-H-cors (twelfth century), and a tragedy by Racine (1G65). This was a favourite part with T. Betterton (\Si5- 1710), Win. Mouiitford (16C0-169-2). H. Norris (1665- 1734); C. Ilulet (1701-1736), and Spranser Barry (1710- 1777); but J. W. Croker says that J. P. Keinble, in "Hamlet," "Coriolanus." "Alexander," and "Cato," excelled all his predecessors. Boswell's Johngon. Alexander an Athlete. Alexander, being asked if he would run a course at the Olympic games, replied, "Yes, if my competitors are all kings." The Albanian Alexander, George Castriot {Scanderheg or Iscander beq, 1404-1467). The Persian Alexander, Sandjar (1117- 1168). Alexander of the North, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718). Alexander deformed. Amnion's great son one shoulder had too high. Pope, Prologue to the Satires, 117, Alexander and Homer. WTien Alex- ander invaded Asia Minor, he offered up sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achilles. Here he exclaimed, *' most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy deeds ! " Which made the Eastern conqueror to cry, "O fortunate young man ! whose virtue found So brave a trump thy noble deeds to sound." Spenser, The Ruins of Time (1591). Alexander and Paivne'nio. When Darius, king of Persia, offered Alexander his daughter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowrj^ of 10,000 talents of gold, Parmenio said, " I would accept the offer, if I were Alexander." To this Alexander rejoined, *' So would I, if I were Parmenio." On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish in his gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, " I consider not what Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ought to give." Alexander and Ferdiccas. When Alex- ander started for As'ia he divided his possessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he had left for himself. "Hope," said Alexander. "If hope is enough for Alexander, " replied the friend, "it is enough for Perdiccas also ;" and declined to accept anything. Alexander and Raphael. Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave in the mountain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of, replied, " The water of immortality." "Whereupon Raphael gave him a stone, and told him when he found another of the same weight he would gain his wish. " And how long," said Alexander, "have I to live ? " The angel replied, " Till the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee are of iron." Alex ander now went forth and found a stone almost of the weight required, and in order to complete the balance, added a little earth ; falling from his horse at Ghur he was laid in his armour on the ground, and his shield was set up over him to ward off the sun. Then understood he that he would gain immortality when, like the stone, he was buried in the e^rth, and that his hour was come, for the earth beneath him was iron, and his iron buckler was his vault of heaven above. So he died. Alexander and the Robber, When Dion'ides, a pirate, was brought before Alexander, he exclaimed, "Vile brigand ! how dare you infest the seas with your misdeeds?" "And you," replied the pirate, " by what right do you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I am called a brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a conqueror." Alexander admired the man's boldness, and commanded him to be set at liberty. Alexander's Beard, a smooth chin, or a very small beard. It is said that Alex- ander the Great had scarcely any beard at all. Disgraced yet with Alexander's bearde. G. Gascoigne, The Steele Olas (died 1577). Alexander's Runner, Ladas. Alexan'dra, daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the land of the Amazons was called Alexandra. Ariosto, Orlando Fu- rioso (1516). Alexan'drite (4 syl.), a species of beryl found in Siberia. It shows the Russian colours (green and red), and is named from the emperor Alexander of Russia. Alex'is, the wanton shepherd in The Faithful Shepherdess, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher (1610). Alfa'der, the father of all the Asen (deities) of Scandinavia, creator and ALFONSO. 21 ALICIA. governor of the universe, patron of arts and magic, etc. Alfonso, father of Leono'ra d'Este, and duke of Ferrara. Tasso the poet fell in love with Leonora. The duke confined him as a lunatic for seven years in the asylum of Santa Anna, but at the expira- tion of that period he was released through the intercession of Vincenzo Gonzago, duke of Mantua. Byron refers to this in his Childe Harold, iv. 86. Alfonso XL of Castile, whose ''favour- ite" was Leonora de Guzman. Donizetti, La Favor ita (an opera, 1842). Alfon'so (Don), of Seville, a man of 60 and husband of donna Julia (twenty-seven years his junior), of whom he was jealous without cause. Byron, L>on Juan, i. Alfon'so, in Walpole's tale called The Castle of Otranto, appears as an appari- tion in the moonlight, dilated to a gigantic form (1769). Alfred as a Gleeman. Alfred, wishing to know the strength of the Danish camp, assumed the disguise of a minstrel, and stayed in the Danish camp for several daj's, amusing the soldiers with his harping and singing. After he had made himself master of all he re- quired, he returned back to his own place. William of Malmesbury (twelfth cen- tury). William of Malmesbury tells a similar story of Anlaf, a Danish king, who, he says, just before the battle of Brunan- burh, in Northumberland, entered the camp of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp in hand; and so pleased was the English king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not keep the gold, but buried it in the earth. Algarsife (3 syl.) and Cam'ballo, sons of Cambuscan' king of Tartary, and Elfgta his wife. Algarsife married Theodora. I speak of Algarsife, How that he won Theodora to his wife. Chaucer, The Squire') Tale. _ Al'gebar' {'Hhe giant"). So the Ara- bians call the constellation Orion. Begirt with many a blazing star, Stood the great giant Algebar Orion, hunter of the beast. Longfellow, Tke Occultation of Orion. Ali, cousin and son-in-law of Ma- homet. The beauty of his eyes is pro- verbial in Persia. Ayn Hali ("eyes of Ali") is the highest compliment a Persian can pay to beauty. Chardin. Ali Baba, a poor Persian wood- carrier, who accidentally learns the magic words, "Open Sesame!" " Shut Sesame ! " by which he gains entrance into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of forty thieves. He makes himself rich by plundering from these stores ; and by the shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the captain and his whole band of thieves are extir- pated. In reward of these services, Ali Baba gives Morgiana her freedom, and marries her to his own son. Arabian Nights ("Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves "). Alias. "You have as many aliases as Robin of Bagshot." (See Robin ow Bagshot.) Al'ice (2 syl.), sister of Valentine, m 3fons. Thomas, a comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619). Al'ice (2 syl.), foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bride of Rambaldo, the Nor- man troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of Roberto il Diavolo. She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his mother's "will," which he is enjoined not to read till he is a virtuous man. She is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the liend, claims his soul as the price of his ill deeds, Alice, by reading the will, re'- claims him. Al'ice (2 syl.), the serv-ant-girl of dame Whitecraft, wife of the innkeeper at Al- tringham. Sir W. Scott, Feveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Al'ice, the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in later years by an old man who had married the rustic beauty. He was a dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into manhood. (See Rose.) Tenny- son, The Miller's Datighter. Al'ice {Tlie Lady), widow of Walter knight of Avenel (2 sy/.). Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth). Al'ice [Gray], called "Old Alice Gray," a quondam tenant of the lord of Ravens- wood. Lucy Ashton visits her after the funeral of the old lord. Sir W. Scott, Bride of Lammermoor (time, William IIL). Alichi'no, a devil in Dante's Lnferno. Alicia gave her heart to Mosby, but married Arden for his position. As a wife, she played falsely with her hus- band, and even joined Mosby in a plot to murder him. Vacillating between love ALICIA. 22 ALKEN. for Mosby and respect for Arden, she repents, and goes on sinning ; wishes to get disentangled, but is overmastered by Mosby's stronger will. Alicia's passions impel her to evil, but her judgment ac- CTises her and prompts her to the right course. She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam, and of course is lost. Anon., Arden of Fever sham (1692). Alic'ia, "a laughing, toying, wheed- ling, whimpering she," who once held lord Hastings under her distafF, but her annoying jealousy, "vexatious days, and jarring, joyless nights," drove him away from her. Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of Gloster of alluring lord Hastings from his allegiance, and the lord protector soon trumped up a charge against both ; the lord chamberlain he ordered to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for witchcraft. Alicia goes raving mad. Rowe, Jane Shore (1713). The king of Denmark went to see Mrs. Bellamy play "Alicia." and fell into a sound sleep. The angry lady had to say, " thou false lord 1 " and she drew near to the slumbering monarch, and shouted the words into tlie royal box. The king started, rubbed his eyes, and re- marked that he would not have such a woman for his wife, though she had no end of kingdoms for a dowry. Cornhill Magazine (1863). Alic'ia (The lady), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzarse. Sir W. Scott, Ivan- hoe (time, Richard I.). Alick [Poi.woRTii], one of the ser- vants of Waverley. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.). Alifan'faron, emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Mahometan, the suitor of Pentap'olin's daughter, a Christian. Pen- tapolin refused to sanction this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce his suit. This is don Quixote's solution of two flocks of sheep coming in opposite directions, which he told Sancho were the armies of Alifanfaron and Pen- tapolin. Cervantes, Don Quixote^ I. iii. 4 (1605). Ajax the Greater had a similar encoun- ter. (See Ajax.) Alin'da, daughter of Alphonso, an irascible old lord of Sego'via. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Pilgrim (1621). (Alinda is the name assumed by young Archas when he dresses in woman's attire. This young man is the son of general Archas, " the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, in a drama by Beau- mont and Fletcher, called The Loyal Sub- ject, 1618.) Aliprando, a Christian knight, who discovered the armour of Rinaldo, and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but were mis- taken. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). Al'iris, sultan of Lower Buchar'ia, who, under the assumed name of Fer'- amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy is unbounded on discovering that Feramorz the poet, who has won her heart, is the sultan to whom she is be- trothed. T. Moore, Lalla Rookh. Alisaunder {Sir), sumamed Lou- FELIX, son of the good prince Boudwine and his wife An 'glides (3 syl.). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall, murdered sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a mere child. When Alisaunder was knighted, his mother gave him his father's doublet, "bebled with old blood," and charged him to revenge his father's death. Alisaunder married Alis la Beale Pilgrim, and had one son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of ful- filling his mother's charge, he was him- self "falsely and feloniously slain" by king Mark. Sir T. Malory, History of King Arthur, ii. 119-125 (1470). Al'ison, the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter. Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but she herself loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house. Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a roguish eye, small eyebrows, was "long as a mast and up- right as a bolt," more " pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree," and her skin "was softer than the wool of a wether." Chaucer, "The Miller's Tale" [Canterbury Tales, 1388). Al'ison, in sir W. Scott's Kenilworth, is an old domestic in the service of the earl of Leicester at Cumnor Place. Al Kadr {The Night of). The 97th chapter of the Koran is so entitled. It was the night on which Mahomet received from (jabriel his first revelation, and was probably the 24th of Ramadan. Verily we sent down the Kor^n in the night of Al Kadr. A I Kordn, xcvii. AlTsen, an old shepherd, who instnicts Robin Hood's men how to find a witch, ALKOREMMI. 23 ALL-FAIR. and how she is to be hnuted. Ben Jon- Bon, The Sad Shepherd (1637). Alkoremmi, the palace built by the Motassem on the hill of " Pied Horses." His son Vathek added five wings to it, one for the gratification of each of the five senses. L The Eternat^ Banquet, in which were tables covered both night and day with the most tempting foods. n. The Nectau of the Soul, filled with the best of poets and musicians. IIL The Delight of the Eyes, filled with the most enchanting objects the eye could look on. IV. The Palace of Perfumes, which was always pervaded with the sweetest odours. v. The Retreat of Joy, filled with the loveliest and most seductive houris. W. Beckford, Vathek (1784). All's Well that Ends Well, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The hero and heroine are Bertram count of Rousillon, and Ilel'cna a physician's daughter, who are married by the com- mand of the king of France, but part because Bertram thought the lady not sufficiently well-born for him. Ulti- mately, however, all ends well. (See Helena.) The story of this play is from Painter's Gil let ta of Narhon. All the Talents Administration, formed by lord Greville, in 1806, on the death of William Pitt. The members were lord Greville, the earl Fitzwilliam, viscount Sidniouth, Charles James Fox, earl Spencer, William Windham, lord Erskine, sir Charles Grey, lord Minto, lord Auckland, lord Moira, Sheridan, Richard Fitzpatrick, and lord Ellen- borough. It was dissolved in 1807. On " all the talents " vent your venal spleen. Byron, English Bards and Scotch lieviewert. Allan, lord of Ravenswood, a decayed Scotch nobleman. Sir W. Scott, The Bride of Lammermoor (time, William IIL). Avian (Mrs.), colonel Mannering's housekeeper at Woodburne. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.). Al'lan [Breck Cameron], the ser- geant sent to arrest Hainish Bean ilcTavish, by whom he is shot. Sir W. Scott, The Highland Widow (time, George n.). AllaxL-a-Dale, one of Robiu Hood's men, introduced by sir W. Scott in Ivanhoe. (See Allin-a-Dale.) Allegory for Alligator, a mala- propism. She's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the NUe. Sheridan, The lilvalt, ill. 2 (1776). Alle'gre (3 syl.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was true as steel, and it was afterwards shown that the accusation had no foun- dation but jealousy. G. Chapman and J. Shirley, The Tragedy of Thilip Chabot, Allelu'jah, wood-sorrel, so called by a corruption of its name, Juliola, where- by it is knowTi in the south of Italy. Its official name, Luzula, is another shade of the same word. AUemayne (2 syL), Germany, from the French Allemagne. Also written Allemain. Tliy faithful bosom swooned with pain, O loveliest maiden of Alle'mayne. Campbell, The Brave Roland. Allen {Ralph), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding. Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame, Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame. Pope. Allen (Lonrj), a soldier in the " guards " of king Richard I. Sir W. Scott, The 'Talisman. Allen {Major), an officer in the duke of Monmouth's army. Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.). Alley (Tlie), i.e. the Stock Ex- change Alley (London). John Kive, after many active years in tlie Alley, retired to the Continent ; and died at the age of 118. Old and Jfew London, All-Fair, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which guarded the Desert Fairy) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition that she would become hi3 wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this promise by marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wed- ding day Yellow Dwarf carried -her off: on a Spanish cat, and confined her in Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword, but in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed to the heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, falling on the body of her lover, died of a broken ALLIN-A-DALE. 24 ALMEYDA. heart. The syren changed the dead lovers into two palm trees. Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682). Allin-a-Dale or Allen-a-Dale, of Nottinghamshire, was to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents compelled her to forego young Allin for an old knight of wealth. Allin toid his tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of a harper, went to the church where the wedding cere- mony was to take place. When the wedding party stepped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, "This is no fit match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her choice." Then sounding his horn Allin-a-Dale with four and tAventy bow- men entered the church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to Allin till the banns had been asked three times, whereupon Robin pulled off the bishop's gown, and invested Little John in it, who asked the banns seven times, and per- formed the ceremony. Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale (a ballad). AUnut {Noll), landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625). Grace AUnut, his wife. Oliver AUnut, the landlord's son. Sterling, John Felton (1862). AUworth {Lady), stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord Lovel. Tom Allworth, stepson of lady All- worth, in love with Margaret Overreach, whom he marries. Massinger, A New Way to pay Old Debts (1625). The first api)earance of Thomas King was "Allworth," on the lyth October, 1748. Boaden. All'^worthy, in Fielding's Tom Jones, a man of sturdy rectitude, large charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character. Alma {the human soid), queen of "Body Castle," which for seven years was beset by a rabble rout. Spenser says, " The divine part of man is circular, and the mortal part triangidar." Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma over " Body Castle." Spenser, Faiiry Queen, ii. 9 (1590). Alinain, Germany, in French AUe- niagne. Almansor ("Me invincible"), a title assumed by several Mussulman princes, as by the second caliph of the Abbasside dynasty, named Abou Giafar Abdallah {the invincible, or al mansor). Also by the famous captain of the Moors in Spain, named Mohammed. In Africa, Yacoub- al-Modjahed was entitled "a/ mansor,''^ a royal name of dignity given to the kings of Fez, Morocco, and Algiers. Tlie kingdoms of Almansor, Fez, and Sus, Marocco and Algiers. Milton, ParadUe Lost, x\. 403 (1065). Almanzor, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot, was told by a hermit named Bagdad that a man called Moclas was destined to be its founder. " I am that man," said the caliph, and he then told the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it, whereupon his nurse ever after called him " Moclas " {thief). Almanzor founded the city, and called it Bagdad, the name of the hermit. Marigny. Alman'zor, in Dryden's tragedy of The Conquest of Grana'da. Alman'zor, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected fine ladies in Molibre's comedy of Zes Pre'cieuses Ridicules (1659). Almavi'va {Count and countess). The count is a libertine ; the countess is his wife. T. Holcroft, The Follies of a Day (1745-1809). Alme'ria, daughter of Manuel king of Grana'da. While captive of Valentia, prince Alplionso fell in love with her, and being compelled to flight, married her ; but on the very day of espousal the ship in which they were sailing "was wrecked, and each thought the other had perished. Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast of Gra- nada, to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso, under the assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape, and at the head of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and "the mournful bride" became converted into the joyful wife. W. Congreve, The Mourning Bride (1697). Almes'bury (3 syl.). It was in a sanctuary of Almesbury that queen Guenever took refuge, after her adul- terous passion for sir Lancelot was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was buried at Glastonbury. Almey'da, the Portuguese governor ALMIRODS. 25 ALP. of India. In his engagement with the united fleets of Cambaya and Egypt, he had his legs and thighs shattered by chain- shot, but instead of retreating to the back, he had himself bound to the ship- mast, where he "waved his sword to cheer on the combatants," till he died from loss of blood. Similar stories are told of admiral Benbow, Cynwgeros brother of the poet ^schylos, Jaafer who carried the sacred banner of "the prophet" in the battle of Muta, and of some others. Whirled by the cannons' rage, in shivers torn, His thighs far scattered o'er the waves are borne ; Bound to the mast the godlike hero stands, Waves his proud sword and cheers his woeful bands : Tho' winds and seas their wonted aid deny. To yield he knows not ; but he knows to die. Camoens, Lusiad, x. (1569). Almirods {The)^ a rebellious people, who refused to submit to prince Pan- tag'ruel after his subjugation of Anar- chus king of the Dipsodes (2 syl.). It was while Pantagruel was marching against these rebels that a tremendous shower of rain fell, and the prince, putting out his tongue " half-way," sheltered his whole army. Rabelais, Pantagruel, ii. 32 (1533). Alnas'char, the dreamer, the "bar- ber's fifth brother." He invested all his money in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much, and then to in- vest again and again, till he grew so rich that he would marry the vizier's daughter and live in grandeur ; but being angry with his supposed wife, he gave a kick with his foot and smashed all the ware which had given birth to his dream of wealth. T^ Arabian Nights' Entertain- ments. Echep'ron's fable of The Shoemaker and a Ifa'poth of Milk, in Rabelais ; The Milkmaid and her Pail of Milk, Dodsley ; and Perrette et le Pot au Lait, by La Eontaine, are similar fables. La Fon- taine's fable is a poetical version of one of iEsop's. I'he Alnaschar of Modern Literature, S. T, Coleridge, so called because he was constantly planning magnificent literary enterprises which he never carried out (1772-1884). Alnec'ma or Alnecmacht, ancient name of Connaught. In Alnecnia was the warrior honoured, the first of the race of Bolga [the Belgce of Sout/t Ireland]. Otsian (' Temora," ii.). Aloa'din (4 syl.), -a sorcerer, who made for himself a palace and garden in Arabia called "The Earthly Paradise." Thalaba 2 slew him with a club, and the scene of en- chantment disappeared. Southey, Tha- laba the Destroyer, vii. (1797). A. Ii. O.E. (that is, A L[ady] 0[f] E[ngland]), Miss Charlotte Tucker, from 1854. Alon'so, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of Sebastian, in The Tempest, by Shakespeare (1609). Alonzo the brave, the name of a ballad by M. G. Lewis. The fair Imogine was betrothed to Alonzo, but during his ab- sence in the wars became the bride of another. At the wedding-feast Alonzo's ghost sat beside the bride, and, after re- buking her for her infidelity, carried her off to the grave. Alonzo the brave was the name of the knight ; The maid was the fair Imogine. M. G. I-ewis. Alon'zo, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemj' of the vainglorious Duarte (3 syl.), in the drama called l^ie Custom of the Country, by Beaumont and Flet- cher (1647). Alonzo, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the friend of Rolla, and beloved by king Atali'ba. Alonzo, being taken prisoner of war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with him. At the end he fights with Pizarro and kills him. Sheridan, Pizarro (altered from Kotzebue). Alonzo {Don), " the conqueror of Afric," friend of don Carlos, and husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out of friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out of revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don Carlos still entertained for each other their former love, and out of jealousy Alonzo has his friend put to death, while Leonora makes away with herself. Zanga now informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless, and mad with grief he kills himself. Edw. Young, The Revenge (1721). Alonzo Fernandez de Avella- neda, author of a spurious Don Quixote, who makes a third sally. This was pub- lished during the lifetime of Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance. Alp, a Venetian renegade, who was commander of the Turkish army in the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti, governor of Corinth, but she refused to marry a rene- gade and apostate. Alp was shot in the ALPH. 26 ALTAMONT. siege, and Francesca died of a broken heart. Byron. Sieje of Corinth. Alpll, a river in Xanadu, mentioned by Coleridge in his Kuhla Khan. The name is an invention of Coleridge's : in Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree, Where Alph, the sacred river, ran, Thro' caverns measureless to man, Down to a sunless sea. Kuhla Khan._ Alphe'us (3 syL), a magician and prophet in the army of Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (151G). Alphe'us (3 syl.), of classic story, being passionately in love with Arethu'sa, pur- sued her, but she fled from him in a fright, and was changed by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name. Alphon'so, an irascible old lord in The Pilijrim, a comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1621). Alphon'so king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ulti- mately he recovered his crown, and Fred- erick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest of their lives. Beaumont and Fletcher, A Wife for a Morith (1624). Alphonso, son of count Pedro of Canta- bria, afterwards king of Spain. He was flighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord 'elayo. The young Alphonso was in truth an heir Of nature's larj^est patrimony ; rich In form and feature, growing strength of limb, A gentle heart, a soul affectionate, A joyous spirit, filled with generous thoughts. And genius heightening and ennobling all. Southey, Roderick, etc., viil. (1814). Alpleich or Elfenreigen, the weird spirit-song, or that music which some liear before death. Fabcr refers to it in his " Pilgrims of the Night" Hark, hark, my soul 1 Angelic songs are swelling. And Pope, in the Dying Christian to his Soul, when he says Hark ! they whisper, angels say, Sister spirit, come away I Alps-Vinegar. It is Livy who says that Hannibal poured hot vinegar on the ,Alps to facilitate his passage over the inountains. Where did he get the vinegar from? And as for the fire, Polybius says there was no means of heating the vinegar, not a tree for fire-wood. Alqui'fe (3 syl.), a famous enchanter in Amddis of Gaul, by Vasco de Lobeira, of Oporto, who died 1403. La None denounces such beneficent enchanters as Al- qnlfit ikiul IJrganda, because they serve "as a rindicatiou of those who traffic with the powers of darknesa. Fi'ands de la None, Discour$es, 87 (1537). Al Rakim [rah.keem']. The meaning of this word is very doubtful. Some say it is the mountain or valley of the cave' of the seven sleepers. Others think it is the name of the dog shut up in the cave with them ; but probably it is a stone or metal tablet set up near the cave, con- taining the names of the seven sleepers and their dog Katmir'. Sale, Al Koran, xviii. note. Alrinaeh, the danion who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms and earthquakes. When visible it is always in the form .and dress of a woman. Eastern Mythology. Alsa'tia, the Whitefriars' sanctuary for debtors and law-breakers. The name is taken from Alsatia {Alsace, in France), a seat of war and lawlessness when king James's son-in-law was the prince Palatine. Sir Walter Scott, in The For- tunes of Nigel, has graphically described the life and state of this rookery, but is greatly indebted to Shadwell's comedy, 7.7i Squire of Alsatia. Alscrip (Miss), "the heiress," a vulgar parvenue, affected, conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her, she assumes the airs of a woman of. fashion, and exhibits the follies without possessing the merits of the upper ten. Mr. Alscrip, the vulgar father of " the heiress," who finds the grandeur of sud- den wealth a great bore, and in his new mansion, Berkeley Square, sighs for the snug comforts he once enjoyed as scrive- ner in Furnival's Inn. General Burgoyne, The Heiress (1781). Al Sirat', an imaginary bridge be- tween earth and the Mahometan paradise, not so Avide as a spider's thread. Those laden with sin fall over into the abyss below. Al'tamont, a young Genoese lord, who marries Calista, daughter of lord Sciol'to (3 syl.). On his wedding day he discovers that his bride has been seduced by Lotha'- rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself, N. Rowe, The Fair Fenitent (1703). %* Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always. [John Quick] commenced his career at Fulham, where he performed the character of "Altamont," which he acted 80 much to the satisfaction of the manager that he desired his wife to set down young Quick a whole share, which, at the close of the performance, amounted to three abiUiD0k Memoir of John Quick (ISai). ALTAMORUS. 27 AMADIS OF GREECE. Altamo'rus, king of Samarcand', who j oined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. He surrendered himself to Godfrey (bk. xx.). Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1576). Althaea's Brand. The Fates told Althaea that her son Melea'ger would live just as long as a log of wood then on the fire remained unconsumed. Altha?a con- trived to keep the log luiconsumed for many years, but when her son killed her two brothers, she threw it angrily into the fire, where it was quickly consumed, and Meleager expired at the same time. Ovid, Metaph. viii. 4. The fatal brp.nd Althsea burned. Shakespeare, 2 Uenry Vl. act i. sc. 1 (1581). (Shakespeare says (2 Henry IV. act ii. sc. 2), Althaea dreamt " she was delivered of a fire-brand." This is a mistake. It was Hecuba who so dreamt. The story of Althaea and the fire-brand is given above.) Althe'a ( The divine), of Richard Love- lace, was Lucy Sacheverell, called by the poet, Lucretia. When love with unconfinM wings Hovers within my gates, And my divine Althea brings To whisper at my grates. . . . (The "grates" here referred to were those of a prison in which Lovelace was confined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from Kent in favour of the king.) Altieido'ra, one of the duchess's servants, who pretends to be in love with don Quixote, and serenades him. The don sings his response that he has no other love than what he gives to his Dulcin'ea, and while he is still singing he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the room by a rope. As the knight was leaving the mansion, Altisidora accused him of having stolen her garters, but when the knight denied the charge, the damsel protested that she said so in her distraction, for her garters were not stolen. "I am like the man," she said, "looking for his mule at the time he was astride its back." Cervantes, Don Quixote, IL iii. 9, etc. ; iv. 5 (1615). Al'ton (Miss), alias Miss Clifford, a sweet, modest young lady, the companion of Miss Alscrip, "the heiress," a vulgar, conceited parvenue. Lord Gayville is expected to marry " the heiress," but detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her humble companion. It turns out that 2000 a year of " the heiress's " fortune belongs to Mr. Clifford (Miss Alton's brother), and is by him settled on his sister. Sir Clement Flint destroys this bond, whereby the monej' returns to Clif- ford, who marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir Clement settles the same on his nephew, lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton. General Burgoyne, 2Vie Heiress (1781). Al'ton Locke, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley (1850). This novel won for the author the title of " The Chartist Clergyman." Alzir'do, kingof Trem'izen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in his march to join the allied army of Ag'rauuint. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Am'adis of Gaul, a love-child of king Per'ion and the princess Eli/.e'na. He is the hero of a famous prose romance of chivalry, the first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died 1403). These books were trans- lated into Spanish in 1400 by Montal'vo, who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly, Gilbert Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series Le Roman des Romans. Whether Amadis was French or British is disputed. Some maintain that "Gaul" means Wales, not France ; that Elizena was princess of Brittany (Bretagne), and that Perion was king of Gaul ( Wales), not Gaul {France). Amadis de Gaul was a tall man, of a fair complexien, his aspect something between mild aad austere, and hail a handsome black beard. He was a person of very few words, was not easily provoked, and was soon appeased. Cervantes, Don Quijcote, II. i. 1 (1P15). (William Stewart Rose has a poem in three books, called Amadis of Gaul.) As Arthur is the central figure of British romance, Charlemagne of French, and Diderick of German, so Amadis is the central figure of Spanish and Portu- guese romance ; but there is this difference the tale of Amadis is a connected whole, terminating with his marriage with Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered and over- came in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian romances, and those of the Charlemagne series, we have a number of adventures of diflFerent heroes, but there is no unity of purpose, each set of adven- tures is complete in itself. (Southey the poet has an admirable abridgment of Amadis of Gaul, and also of Palmer in of England.) Am'adis of Greece, a supplemental part of Amadis of Gaul, by Felic^a'no de AMAIMON. 28 AMARANTH. Silva. There are also several other Ama- discs as Amadis of Colchis, Amadis of Trebisond, Amadis of Cathay, but all these are verj- inferior to the original Amadis of Gaul. The ancient fables, who^e relickes doe yet remain, namely, Lancelot of the Lake, IHerccforest, Tristram, Giron the Courteous, etc., doe beare witnesse of this otide vauitie. Herewith were men fed for the space of 500 yeeres, until! our language growing more polished, and our minds more ticklish, they were driven to invent some novelties wherewith to delight us. Thus came ye bookes of Amjvdis Into light among us in this last age. Francis de la Noue, DUeoursM, 87 (1587). Amai'mon (3 syl.), one of the prin- cipal devils. Asmode'iis is one of his lieutenants. Shakespeare twice refers to him, in 1 Henry IV. act ii. sc. 4, and in The Merry Wives of Windsor, act ii. sc. 2. Amal'ahta, son of Erill'yab the deposed queen of the Hoamen (2 syl.), an Indian tribe settled on the south of the Missouri. He is described as a bnital savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amal- ahta "wished to marry the princess Goer'- vyl, Madoc's sister, and even seized her by force, but was killed in his flight. Southey, Madoc, ii. 16 (1805). Am.alth89'a, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books of prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price demanded, she went away, burnt three of them, and returning to the king, demanded the same price for the remaining six. Again the king declined the purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the volumes, demanded the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin paid the money, and Amalthaea was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says that Amalthaea burnt the books in the kinjj's presence. Pliny affirms that the original number of volumes was only three, two of which the sibyl burnt, and the third was purchased by king Tarquin. Amalthe'a, mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid his mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa), in order to elude the vigilance and jealousy of his wife Rhea. This account (given by Diodorus Sic'ulus, bk. iii., and by sir Walter Raleigh in his History of the World, I. vi. 6) differs from the ordinary story, which makes Sem'ele the mother of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or Cham, the son of Noah, founder of the African race.) . . . that Nyseian lie. Girt, with the river Triton, where old Cham (Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove) Hid Amalthea and her florid son, Young Bacchus, from his stepdanie Ehea's eye. Milton, ParadUe Logt. iv. 275 (lti65). Amanda, wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pays her amorous attentions, but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats him with contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love, also pays attention to Love- less's wife, but she repels his advances with indignation, and Loveless, who over- hears her, conscious of his own short- comings, resolves to reform his ways, and, "forsaking all other," to remain true to Amanda, "so long as they both should live." Sheridan, A Trip to Scarhorowjh. Aman^da, in Thomson's Seasons, is meant for Miss Young, who married admiral Campbell. And thou, Amanda, come, pride of my song I Formed by the Graces, loveliness itself. " Spring," 480, 481 (1728). Amanda, the victim of Peregine Pickle's seduction, in Smollett's novel of Peregine Fickle (1751). Am'ara {Mount), a place where the Abassinian kings kept their younger sons, to prevent sedition. It was a perfect paradise enclosed with alabaster rocks, and containing thirty-four magnificent palaces. Heylin, Microcosmus (1627). Where the Abassin kings their issue guard, Mount Amara, ... by some supposed True paradise under the Ethiop line. By Nilus Ihie, enclosed with shinhig rock A whole day's journev high. Milton, J'aradise Lost, iv. 280, etc. (1665). ("The Ethiop line" means the equi- noctial line.) Amaran'ta, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Spanish Curate (1622). Am'aranth. There are numerous species of this flower; those best known are called prince's feather and love lies a-bleediiig, both crimson flowers. The bloody amaranth and the clustered ama- ranth also bear red flowers ; but there is a species called the melancholy amaranth which has a purple velvety flower. All retain their colours pretty well to the last, and the flowers end\ire for a long time. The name is derived from the Greek word amarantos i. e. "everlasting." Pliny says (xxi. 11) that the flowers of the amaranth recover their colour by be- ing sprinkled with water. Immortal amaranth, a flower which once In paradise, fast by the Tree of Life, Began to blooui. ... With these . . . the spirits e'ect Bind their respleudent locks. Milton, Paradise Lost, iii. 353, etc. (1665) AMARANTH. AMBROSE. Longfellow, by a strange error, cro'jf ns the angel of death -with amaranth, with which (as Milton says) " the spirits elect bind their resplendent locks," and his angel of life he crowns with asphodel, the flower of Pluto or the grave. He who wore the crown of asphodels . . . [said! " My errand Is not death, but life "... [but] The angel with the amaranthine wreath Whispered a word, that had a sound lil'on chez qui Von dine, no one knows belter than Ouid^ the uses of a rechercld dinner. E. Ytes, Celebrities, xix. *^ Amphitryon" : Le veritable Amphi- tryon est P Amphitryon oil Von dine (" The master of the feast is the master of the liouse "). While the confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphi- tryon, Socie [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and replied Je lie me tromiK>is pas, messieurs ; ce mot temiiue Toute rirr^solution ; Le veritable Amphitryon Est I'Amplutryon oii Ton dine. Molidre, Amphitryon, iii. 5 (1668). Demosthenes and Cicero Are doubtless stately names to hear, But that of good Ampliitryon Sounds far more pleasant to my ear. M. A. D6saugiers (X772-1827), Amree't, the drink which imparts immortality, or the Water of Immortality. It is obtained by churning the sea, either with the mountain Meroo or with the mountain Mandar. Mahahharat, " Bring forth the Amreeta-ciip ! " Kehama cried To Yamen, rising sternly in his pride ; " It is within the marble sepulchre." . . . " Take I drink ! " with accents dread the spectre said. " For thee and Kailgal hath it been assigned. Ye only of the children of mankind." Southey, Curse of Kehama, xxiv. 13 (1809). Ani'ri, in Absalom and Achitophel, by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage Finch, carl of Nottingham and lord chancellor. He is called "The Father of Equity" (1621-1682). To whom the double blessing did belong, With Moees' ln:-pi]Rtion, Aaron's tongue. Part ii. Amun'deville (Lord Henry), one of the " British privy council." After the sessions of parliament ho retired to his country seat, where he entertained a select and numerous party, amongst which were the duchess of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan " the Russian envoy." His wife was lady Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70, 71.) Byron, Don Juan, xiii. to end. Am'urath III. sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father, Selim II., and reigned 1674-1695. His first act was to invite all his brothers to a banquet, and strangle them. Henry IV. alludes to this when he says This is the English, not the Turkish court; Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds. But Harry, Harry. Sbakespeare, 2 Henry lY. act r. so. 2 (1598). Amusements of Kings. The great amusement of ArStas of Arabia Petraea, was currying horses ; oiArtaba'nus of Persia, was mole-catching ; of Domitian of Rome, was catching flies ; of Ferdinand VII. of Spain, was embroidering petti- coats ; of Loiiis XVI. clock and lock making ; of George IV, the game of patience. Amyn'tas, in Colin ClouVs Come Home Again, by Spenser, is Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1594. Amyntas, flower of shepherd's pride forlorn. He, whilst he Iiv6d, was the noblest swaiu That ever pii)M on an oaten quill. Spenser, Colin Clout'* Come Home Again (1591). Amyn'tor. (See Amixtor.) A'mys and Amyl'ion, the Damon and Pythias of mediieval romance. See Ellis's Specimens of Early English Metrical Eomances. Anab'asis, the expedition of the younger Cyrus against his brother Arta- xerxes, and the retreat of his " ten thousand" Greeks, described by Xen'- ophon the Greek historian. Your chronicler in writing this Had in his mind th' Anabasis. Longfellow, The Wayside Inn (an interlude). Anacharsis [Clootz]. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the prenom/; of Anacharsis, from the Scythian so called, who travelled about Greece and other countries to gather knowledge and im- prove his own countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own object in life was like that of Ana- charsis (1755-1794). Anachronisms. (See Errors.) Chaucer, in his tale of Troilus, at the siege of Troy, makes PandSrus refer to liooin Hood. And to hunselfe ful soberly he saied. From hasellwood there jolly Kobin plaied. Book V. Giles Fletcher, in Christ's Victorg, pt. ii. makes the Tempter seem to be "a good old hermit or palmer, travelling to see some saint, and tellirig his beads 1 1 " Lodge, in The True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla (1594), mentions "the razor of l^alermo " and "St. Paul's steeple," and introduces Frenchmen who " for forty crowns " undertake to poison the Roman consul. ANACHRONISMS. ANAGRAMS. MoRGLAY makes Dido tell ^neas that she should have been contented with a son, even "if he had been a cockney dandiprat " (1582). ScHiLLEK, in his Ficcolomini, speaks of lightning conductors. This was about 160 years before they were invented. Shakespeare, in his Coriolanus (act ii. 80. 1), makes Menenius refer to (ja/cw above 600 years before he was born. Cominius alludes to lioman plays, but no such things were known for 250 years afier the death of Cominius. Coriolanus, act ii. sc. 2. Brutus refers to the *^ Marcian waters brought to Rome by Censorinus." This was not done till 300 years afterwards. In Hamlet, the prince Hamlet was educated at Wittemberg School, which was not founded till 1502 ; whereas Saxo- Germanicus, from whom Shakespeare bor- rowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was 30 years old when his mother talks of his going back to school (act i. sc. 2). In 1 Henry JV. the carrier complains that "the turkeys in his pannier are quite starved " (act ii. sc. 5), whereas turkeys came from America, and the New World was not even discovered for a century after. Again in Henry V. Gower is made to say to Fluellen, " Here comes Pistol, swelling like a turkey-cock" (act v. sc. 1). In Julius Ccesar, Brutus says to Cassius, " Peace, count the clock." To which Cassius replies, " The clock has Btricken three." Clocks were not known to the Romans, and striking-clocks were not invented till some 1400 years after the death of Caesar. Virgil places iEneas in the port Vclinus, which was made by Curius Dentatus. This list with very little trouble might be greatly multiplied. The hotbed of anachronisms is medieval romance; there nations, times, and places are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a few examples from Ariosto's great poem Orlando Furioso. Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by J^Ldward king of England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the dukes of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by Cymosco king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk. vi.}. We have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not invited over by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's death. In bk. xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202 ; and in the last three books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337. Anac'reon, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch that songs on these subjects are still called Anac- reon'tic (n.c. 563^78). Anacreon of Painters, Francesco Al- bano or Alba'ni (1578-lGGO). Anacreon of the Guillotine, Bertrand Barbre de Vieuzac (1755-1841). Anacreon of the Temple, Guillaume Amfrye, abbe de Chaulieu (1639-1720). Anacreon of the I'welfth Century, Walter Mapes, "The Jovial Toper." His famous drinking song, "Meum est pro- positum . . ."has been translated by Leigh Hunt (1150-11%). The French Anacreon. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the " Pleiad poets " (1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual pre- sident of the Caveau Moderne, a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member was of necessity a poet (1727- 1811). The Persian Anacreon, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is called The Divan (1310-1389). The Sicilian Anacreon, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815). Aneicreon Moore, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called " Anac- reon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own original anacreontic songs. Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore. Byron, J}on Juan, i. 104. Anadems, crowns of flowers. With fingers neat and fine Brave anadems they make. Drayton, Polyolbion, xv. (1612), Anagnus, Inchastity personified in The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus (adultery), Pornei'us (forni- cation), Acath'arus, and Asel'ges (lascivious- ness), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In the battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by .Agnei'a (wifely chastity), the spouse of Encra'tes (tem- perance) and sister of Parthen'ia (mai- denly chastity. (Greek, an-agnos, "im- pure.") (1633.) Anagrams. Charles James Stuart (James I.). Claims Arthur's Seat. Dame Eleanor Davies (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). Accer so mad a ladie. ANAH. ANCOR. HoKATio Nelson. Honor est Nilo. Makie Touciiet (mistress of Charles IX.). Je chaiine tout (made by Henri IV.). Pilate's question, Quid est Veritas ? Est vir qui adest. Sir Koger Charles Doughty Tich- liOHNE, Baronet. You horrid butcher^ Orton, biggest rascal here. A'nah, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet loved her, hut she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried her off to another planet when the Flood came. Byron, Jleaven and Earth. Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters: Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive ; her sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring ; tlie one loving in fear, the other in ambition. Slie fe4rs that her love malies her "iieart prow impious," and that slie worships the seraph rallier than the Creator. Ed. Lyttou Bulwer (Lord Lyttou). Anak of Publishers, so John Murray was called by lord Byron (1778- 1848). An'akiin or Anak, a giant of Pales- tine, whose descendants were terrible for their gigantic stafcure. The Hebrew spies said that they themselves were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them. I felt the thews of Anakim, The pulses of a Titan's heart. Tennyson, In Memoriam, ill. (The Titans were giants, who, ac- cording to classic fable, made war with Jupiter or Zeus, 1 syl.) Anamnes'tes (4 syl), the boy who waited on Eumnestes (Memory). Eum- nestes was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a ' ' man of infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held," but when unable to " fet" what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept Anamnestes, who sought out for him what "was lost or laid amiss." (Greek, eumnestis, "good memory;" anamnestis, "research or calling up to mind.") And oft when things were lost or laid amiss, That boy them sought and unto him did lend ; Tlierefore he Anamnestes clepfid is, And that old man Eumnestes. Spenser, faery Queen, iL 9 (1590). Anani'as, in The Alchemist, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610). Benjamin Johnson (1651-1742) . . . seemed to be proud to wear the poet's double name, and was particu- larly great in all that author's plays that were usually performed, viz., " Wasp," " Corbaccio," " Morose," and " AnauLlS." Clietwood. ("Wasp" in Bartholomew Fair, "Cor- baccio" in The Fox, "Morose" in The Silent Woman, all by B. Jonson.) Anarchus, king of the Dipsodes (2 syl.), defeated by Pantag'ruel, who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag." The prince gave the wedding feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife, being a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and the ex-tyrant did not dare call his soul his own." Rabelais, Fan- tagruel, ii. 31 (1533). Anasta'sius, the hero of a novel called Memoirs of Anastasius, by Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is the autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his crimes and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long series of adventures. Fiction has but few pictures which will bear comparison with that of Aiiastasius, sitting on the steps of tli lazaretto of Trieste, with his dying boy in his arms. Encyc. Brit. Art. " Romance." Anastasius Griin, the nom, d6 plume of Anton Alexander von Auersperg, a German poet (1806-1876). Anasterax, brother of Niquee [ne.- kayl, with whom he lives in incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her. Amadis de Gaul. Anaxar'te (4 syl.), the Am'adis of Greece, a supplemental part of the Por- tuguese romance called Amadis of Gaul [Wales]. The supplemental romance was written by Feliciano de Silva. An'cho, a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese, converses with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with terror. The Ancho hates church bells. Anchors. A frigate has six: (1) the cock-hill anchor, forward ; (2) the kedger, aft ; (3) the flood anchor, towards the open ; (4) the ebb anchor ; (5) the bower anchor, to starboard ; (6) the sheet anchor, to larboard or port. Ancient Mariner {The), by -Cole- ridge. For the crime of having shot an albatross (a bird of good omen to s^- men) terrible sufferings are visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance ; but he is doomed to wa* der over the earth and repeat his story to others as a warning lesson. An'cor, a river of Leicestershire, run- ning through Harshul, where Michael AND ARE YE SURE. 87 ANDRONICUS. Drayton was born. Hence Wm. Browne calls him the shepherd, Who on the banks of Ancor tuned his pipe. UrUannia's I'oitoraU, L 5 (1613). And are ye sure . . . (See But . . .) An'derson (Eppie), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held by Meg Dods. Sir W. Scott, St. lionan's Well (time, George III.). Andre (2 syL), Petit- Andre' and Trois Echelles are the executioners of Louis XL of France. They are introduced by sir W. Scott, both in Quentin Durward and in Anne of Geierstein. Andre, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde, Dudevant). This novel and that called Conswlo{4: syl.) are considered her best (1804-1876). An'drea Perra'ra, a sword, so called from a famous Italian sword- maker of the name. Strictly speaking, onl)^ a broad-sword or claymore should be so called. There's nae sic thing as standing a Highlander's Andrew Ferara ; they will slaughie aff a fallow's head at a dash glap. C. Macklin, Love d-la-mode (1779). Andre'os, Fortitude personified in The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (canto X.). " None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the yielding none more sweetly kind." (Greek, andrla or andreia, "manliness.") An'drew, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George IL). Andrews, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth. SirW. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II. ). Andrews (Joseph), the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is a footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of [Richardson's] "Pamela," a handsome, model young man. The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen of the county, and his constancy in refusing bribes and temptation, have something refreshing in their naiveti and freshness, and prepossess one in favour of that handsome young hero. Thackeray. Androclus and the Lion. An- droclus was a runaway Roman slave, who took refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to pieces, lifted up its fore paw that Androclus might extract from it a thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same lion was let out against him ; it instantly recognized its benefactor, and began t'c fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The story being told of this strange behaviour, Androclus was forthwith set free. A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English consul at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day he went to see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one which the keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear, than the beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered the cage, when the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face, wagged its tail, and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great duke that he had brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became dangerous, and he sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he bought it of the same man, and the mystery was cleared up. Andromache lAn.drom'.a.ky'], -widow of Hector. At the downfall of Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king of Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled his advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orestes son of Agamemnon, arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and put to death, lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told Andro- mache that he would protect her son in defiance of all Greece if she would become his wife, and she reluctantly consented thereto. While the marriage ceremonies were going on the ambassadors rushed on Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he fell he placed the crown on the head of Andro- mache, who thus became the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors hastened to their ships in flight. Ambrose Philips, The Distressed Mother (1712). *^* Andromache was a favourite part with Charlotte Clarke, daughter of Colley Gibber (1710-17G0), and with Mrs. Yates (1737-1787). Androni'ca, one of Logistilla's hand- maids, noted for her beauty. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (151G). Androni'cus (Titus), a noble Roman general against the Goths, father of La- vin'ia. In the play so called, published amongst those of Shakespeare, the word all through is called Andron'icus (1593). Marcus Andronicus, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people. ANDROPHILUS. 38 ANGELIQUE. Androph'ilus, Philanthropy per- sonified in The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto X. (Greek, Andro-philos, *' a lover of mankind.") An'eal (2 syl.), daughter of Mati'ni, who loves Djabal, and believes him to be '* hakeem' " (the incarnate god and founder of the Druses) returned to life for the restoration of the people and their return to Syria from exile in the Spo'rades. When, however, she discovers his imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her disappointment. Robert Browning, The lie turn of the Drupes. Angel. When the Rev. Mr. Patten, vicar of Whitstable, tvas dying, the arch- bishop of Canterbury sent him 10 ; and the wit said, "Tell his grace that now I own him to be a man of God, for I have seen his angels." To write like an Angel, that is like Angel [Vergccios] , a Greek of the fifteenth century, noted for his caligraphy. L'ange de Dieu, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of the Cami- sards. Angels {Orders of). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the angels are divided into nine orders : Seraphim and Cherubim, in the first circle ; Thrones and Dominions, in the second circle ; Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Arch- angels, and Angels, in the thi7^d circle. Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet esse, testaiite siicro eloquio, scimiis Angelos, Archangelos, Vir- tutes, Potestates, Principatus, Doniinationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim. St. Gregory the Great, JJontUy 34 (See Hymns Ancient and Modern, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.) Angels' Visits. Norris of Bemerton (1G67-1711) wrote those joys which Soonest take their flight Are the most exquisite and strong. Like angels' visits, short and bright Robert Blair, in 1743, wrote in his poem called The Grave, "in visits" Like those of angels, short and far between. Campbell, in 1799, appropriated the simile, but without improving it, wrote Like angeU' visits, few and far between. Angelica, in Bojardo's Orlando In- namorato (1495), is daughter of Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in love with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory. Angelica, on the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately loves Rinaldo, who positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink of certain fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their hearts, for then Rinaldo loves Ange- lica, while Angelica loses all love for Rinaldo. Angelica, in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, (151G) is the same lady, who marries Medoro, a young Moore^ and returns to Cathay, where Medoro succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy and pride. The fairest of her sex, Angjelica. . . . Sought by many prowest knights, Both painim and the peers of Chjirleniagne. Milton, Paradise Jiegained, iii. (1671). Angelica {The princess), called "The Lady of the Golden ToAver." The loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the second part of Farismus Prince of Bohemia, by Emanuel Foord (1598). Angel'ica, _a.n heiress with whom Va- lentine Legend is in love. For a time he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts ; but Angelica gets possession of a bond for 4000, and tears it. The money difliiculty being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably. W. Con- gieve. Love for Love (1695). [Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle] equally delighted In melting tenderness and playful coquetry, in "Statira" or " MiHa- mant ;" and even at an advanced age, when she played " Angelica." C. Dibden. Angelica, the troth-plight wife of Valere, " the gamester." She gives him a pic- ture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of forfeiting her hand. How- ever, he loses it in play, and Angelica in disguise is the winner of it. After much tribulation, Valere is cured of his vice, and the two are happily united by marriage. Mrs. Centlivre, The Gamester (1705). Angeli'na, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called The Elder Brother^ by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637). Angelina, daughter of don Channo. Her father wanted her to marry Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried to Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search of them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to Elvira of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of Angelina with Carlos. C. Cibber, Love Makes a Man. Angelique' (3 si/L), daughter of Argan the malade imaginaire. Her lover is Cleante ANGEUQUE. ANGUISANT. (2 syL). In order to prove whether his wife or daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon the wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a "disgusting creature," hated by every one ; but tlie daughter grieved as if her heart would break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed to devote the rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul. Argan, being assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to her marriage with Cle'ante. Molifere, Malade Imaginaire (1673). Angelique, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French commoner. She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives to turn the tables on her hus- band. George Dandin first hears of a rendezvous from one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays the affair before M. and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The baron with George Dandin call on the lover, who denies the accu- sation, and George Dandin has to beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife and Clitandre together, and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville ; but Angelique, aware of their presence, pre- tends to denounce her lover, and even takes up a stick to beat him for the ** in- sult offered to a virtuous wife ; " bo again the parents declare their daughter to be the very paragon of women. Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and Cli- tandre together at night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife out of her room ; but Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when George goes for a light to look for the body, she rushes into her room and shuts him out. At this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique accuses her husband of being out all night in a debauch ; and he is made to beg her pardon on his knees. Molicre, George Vandln (16G8). An'gelo, in Measure for Measure^ lord deputy of Vienna in the absence of Vin- centio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord Angelo conceived a base Eassion for Isabella, sister, of Claudio, but is designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry Mariana. Shakespeare (1G03). An'gelo, a gentleman, friend to Julio in The Captain, a drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1613). Anger . . . the Alphabet. It was Athcnodo'rus the Stoic who advised Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to anger. Un certain Grec disait i I'enipereur Aiignste, Comme une instruction utile nutant que juste. Que, lorsqu' une aventure en colore nous met, Nousdevons, avant tout, dire notre alpliabet, Afln que dans ce temps la bile se tempore, t qu'on ne fasse rien que Ton ne doive faire. Molidre, L'&cole del Femtnet, IL 4 (1663) Angioli'na (4 s.y/.), daughter of LorediTna, and the young wife of Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel Steno, having behaved in- decently to some of the women assembled at the great civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by order of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against the doga- ressa. This insult was referred to " The Forty," and Steno was sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a very inadequate punishment for the offence. Byron, Marino Faliero. The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina la developed most admirably. Tlie great difference between her temper and that of her fiery husband is vividly por- trayed, but not less vivKlly touched is that strong bond <>( union which exists in tlie common nobleness of their deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in the old man's thoughts. He does not exisect the fervour of youthful passion in his young wiie ; but he finds what is far t)tter the festrless confidence of one so innocent tliat she can scarcely believe in the existence of guilt. . . . She tliinka Steno's greatest punishment will be " the bluslies of his privacy." Lockhart. Anglan'te*s Lord, Orlando, who was lord of Anglanto and knight of Brava. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). An'glesey, i.e. Angles eh-land (the island of the English). Edwin king of Northumberland, "warred Avith them that dwelt in the Isle of Mona, and they became his servants, and the island was no longer called Mona, but Anglesey, the isle of the English." An'glides (3 syl.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 sgL), brother to sir ISIark king of Cornwall ("the falsest traitor that ever was born"). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son Alisaunder made their escape to Magounce {i.e. Arundel), where she lived in peace, and brought up her son till he received the honour of knighthood. SirT. Malory, Hist, of Fr. Arthur, ii. 117, 118 (1470). An'glo-ma'nia, generally applied to a French or German imitation of the manners, customs, etc., of the English. It prevailed in France some time before the first Revolution, and was often ex- tremely ridiculous. An'guisant, king of Erin {Ireland), subdued by king A rthur, fighting in behalf ANGULE. 40 ANNIE WINNIE. of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 syl.). Tennyson, Coming of King Arthur. Angule ('S'^.)) bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, Koman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian. St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men, At Loadou, of that see the godly bishop then. Drayton, I'olyolbion, xxiv. (1622). Angurva'del, Frithiof's sword, in- scribed with Runic characters, which bla/ed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace. Animals admitted to Heaven. According to the Moslem's creed, ten animals are admitted into paradise besides man. 1. The dog Kratim, of the seven sleepers of Ephesus. 2. Balaam's ass, which reproved the disobedient prophet. 3. Solomon's ant, which reproves the sluggard. 4. Jonah's Avhale. 5. The ram of Ismael, caught by the horns, and offered in sacrifice instead of Isaac. 7. The camel of Saleb. 8. The cuclcoo ofBelkis. 9. The ox of Moses. 10. The animal called Al Borak, which conveyed Mahomet to heaven. The following are sometimes added or substituted : The ass on which our Saviour rode into Jerusalem ; the ass on which the queen of Sheba rode when she visited Solomon. Anjou (rAjj^ . giiould die a virgin, and lead apes in hell ; ^'U*4iit j/ Choose for yourself, dear girl, our empire round, /Ai 5 %Z-^''"' portion ix twelve hundred thousjind pound. H. Carey, Chrononhotonthologot. 6i-730). Armenians, Gregory of Armenia (256-3.31). Cagliabi (Sardinia), St. Efisio. Corfu, St. Spiridion (fourtlj century). Hig day, Decem- ber 14. English, St. Augustln (died 607^; St. George (died 290). Ethkihia, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, Octo- ber 27. Franconia, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8. Free Tbadb, Richard Cobden (1804-1865). French. St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9. Frisians, St. Wilbrod (657-738). Gauls, St. Irenw'us (130-200) ; St. Martin (316-397). Gentills, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25. Georgia, St. Nino. Germany, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5. Highlanders, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9. Hungarians, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 23. Indians, Bartolom^ de Las Casas (1474-1566) ; Rev. Joliu Eliot (1603-1690). Indies, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, Decem- ber 3. Infidelity, Voltaire (1694-1778). Irish, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17. Liberty, Tliomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826). London, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25; September 29. Netherlands, St. Armand (589-679). North, St Ansgar (801-S64) ; Bernard Gilpin (1517-1683). Padua, St Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve (419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. B-igshaw, so called from his missionary labours in Derbyshire (1628-1702). PiCTS, St Ninian. Scottish Refor.mkrs, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity is) Cer6s. Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain, St James the Greater (died 44). His day, July 24. Tejiherance. Father Mathew (1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark ; St Pantaleon ; St. Andrew Justinlani. St. Mark's day, April 25 ; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Yorkshire, St Pauli'nus. bishop of York (597-644). Wales, St David (480-544). His day, M.vch 1. Apostle of Free Trade, Richard Cobden (1804-1865). John Bright is also so called (1811- ). Apostolic Fathers {Tlie Five): Clement of Rome, BarnSbas, Hermas, Igna'tius, and Polycarp. All contem- porary with the apostles. Ap'petiser. A Scotchman being told that the birds called kittiewiaks were ad- mirable appetisers, ate six of them, and then complained "he was no hungrier than he was before." Apple {Prince Ahmed' s)^ a cure for every disorder. Arabian Nights' Enter- tainments ("Ahmed and Pari-banou"). The Singing Apple, the perfect em- bellisher of wit. It would persuade by its smell alone, and would enable the possessor to write poetr}' or prose, to make people laugh or cry, and discoursed such excellent music as to ravish every one. Countess D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales (" Chery and Fairstar," 1682). Apples of Sodom (called by Wit- man, oranges) are the yellow fruit of the osher or ashey tree. Tacitus {His- tory, v. 7) and Josephus both refer to these apples. Thevenot says, " The fruit is lovely [externally], but within is full of ashes." The fruit of the osher or ashey tree, called " Apples or Oranges of Sodom," resembles a smooth apple or orange, hangs in clusters of three or four on a branch, and is of a yellow colour when ripe. Upon being struck or pressed, it explodes with a puff, and is reduced to the rind and a few fibres, being chiefly filled with air. Gallery of Geography, 811. Like to the apples on the Dead Sea shore, All ashes to the taste. Byron, Childe ITarold, Hi. 34. Appul'durcombe (4 syl.), the Isle of Wight. The word is a com- pound of apuldre-combe (" valley of apple trees "), and not y pul dur y cum (" thfe lake in the valley "). April Pool. One of the favour- ite London jokes was to send green- horns to the Tower, "to see the lions washed." See Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. April Showers. April showers bring May flowers. Sweet April showers do spring May flowers. T. Tusser, 500 Points of Good Uuibandry, xxxix. (1557). Aquarius, Sagittarius. IMrs. Browning says that " Aquarius " is a symbol of man bearing, and " Sagit- tarius " of man combatting. The passive and active forms of human labour. Eve. Two phantasms of two men. Adam. One that sustains. And one that strives, so the ends Of manhood's curse of lalwur. ' E. B. Browning, A Drama of Exile (1851). A'quilant, son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda ; a knight in Charlemagne's army. He was called "Wac/^," and his brother Gryphon '' white,''- trom the colour of their armour. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). A'quiline (3 syl.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the wind. Tasso, Jeru- salem Delivered, vii. (1575). (Soiinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitaniau marea "with open AQUINIAN SAGE. 46 ARC. mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs pro- duce the wondrous offspring." See also Virgil, Georyics, iii. 266-283. Aquin'ian Sage. Juvenal is so called, because he was born at Aqui'num, in Latium (fl. a.d. 100). Arabel'la, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. Abel Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but she confers both with right good will on captain Manly. T. Knight, 2'he Honest Thieves. AraHbia Fe'lix {^^Arahy the blest"). This name is a blunder made by British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of India bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia. AraTbian Bird {The)^ the phoenix, a marvellous man, one sui generis. O Antony 1 O thou Arabian bird ! Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, act iii. sc. 2. Arach'ne (3 syl.), a spider, a weaver. " Arachne's labours," spinning or weav- ing. Arachne was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva to compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a spider. No orifice for a point As subtle as Arachnfe's broken woof To enter. Shakespeare, 'JroUus and Cressida, act v. sc. 2 (1602). A'raf (vl/), a sort of limbo between paradise and jehennam, for those who die without sufficient merit to deserve the former, and without sufficient demerit to deserve the latter. Here lunatics, idiots, and infants go at death, according to the Koran. Ar'afat (Mount), a granite hill, fifteen miles south-east of Mecca, where Adam, conducted by Gabriel, met Eve, after a punitive separation of 200 years. Every pilgrim to this mount enjoys the privileges of a Hadji. * Aragnol, the son of Arachne (the "most fine-fingered of all workmen," turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Miner\-a to a contest in needle- work). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred against prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king ; and weaving a curious net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his death-wound by piercing him under the left wing, Spenser, Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate (1590). Aramin'ta, the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of Gripe the scrivener). Sir John Vanbrugh, The Confederacy (1695). Aranza {The duke of). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and over- bearing, that after the marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but firmness, manliness, and affection win the day ; and when the duke sees that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and reveals to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of Aranza. J. Tobin, The Jloneytnoon (1804). Ar'aphil or Ar'aphill, the poetic pseudonym of Wm. Habington. His lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara. Aras'pes (3 syt.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). Arba'ces (3 syL), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called A King or no King^ by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619). Arbate (2 syL), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Moliere's comedy La Prin- cesse d' Elide (1664). In his speech to "Eurylc" prince of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis XIV., then 26 years of age. Je diral que I'amour sied bien 4 vos pareil . . . Et qu'il est nialais^ que, sans 6tre amoreux, Un jeune prince soit et grand et gduiSreux. Acti.1. Arbate, in Racine's drama of Mithri- date (1673). ArTbiter -Sll'igantise. C. Petro'- nius was appointed dictator-in-chief of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was considered comme il faut till it had received the sanction of this Roman beau Bruimnel. Behold the new Pefronius of the day, The arbiter of jileasure and of play. Byron, KwjlUh, Ihtrils and Scottish Jieviewert. Arbre Sec, a tree supposed to have dried up and withered when our Lord was crucified. Mediceval Tradition. Arbre Sol foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of Alexander. Arc (Joan of), or Jeanne la Pucelley the " Maid of Orleans," daughter of a ARCADES AMBO. 47 ARCIIY MSARCASM. rustic of Domremy, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France from the English. Having gained ad- mission to Charles VII., she was sent by him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in so doing. Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an elegy on her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire a burlesque. In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepifere, in his Daute Historique, denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at Rouen ; and Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the "contract of marrijige between" Robert des Armoise, kniglit, and Jeanne d'Arc, surnamed "The JSIaid of Orleans." Ar'cades Ambo, both fools alike ; both " sweet innocents ; " both alike eccentric. There is nothing in the cha- racter of Corydon and Thyrsis (Virgil's Uclof/ue, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application of the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both "in the flower of their youth, and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for song or cap- ping it epigrammatically ; " but as Ar- cadia was the least intellectual part of Greece, an "Arcadian" came to signify a dunce, and hence "Arcades ambo" re- ceived its present acceptation. Arca'dia, a pastoral romance by sir Philip Sidney, in imitation of the Dian'a of Montemayor (sixteenth century). Arcala'us (4 syl.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his horse's bridle. Airutdis de Gaul (fifteenth century). Arca'nes (3 syL), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3 syL) general of Candy. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Laws of Candy (1647). Archan'gel. Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell "the arch- angel that did battle with the devil." Archas, "the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, and general of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theo- dore. Young Archas, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes the name of Alinda. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1G18). Archbish'op of Grana'da told his secretary, Gil Bias, when he hired him, "Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own judgment, which may be seduced by self-love." After a fit of apoplexy, Gil Bias ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace that "his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former ones." To this the archbishop replied, "You are yet too raw to make proper distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better homily than that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to give you 100 ducats. Adieu, Mr. Gil Bias ; ' I wish you all manner of prosperity, with a little more taste." Lesage, Gil Blas^ vii. 3 (1715). Ar'cher (Francis), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in fortune-hunting. These are the two "beaux." Thomas viscount Aimwell marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands tlie deeds and property taken from the high- waymen to sir Charles Freeman, who takes his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again. George Farquhar, The Beaux' Stratagem (1707). Areh'ibald (John), attendant on the duke of Argyle. Sir W. Scott, Jleart of Midlothian (time, George II.). Archima'go, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father of lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight, he deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight himself. Archimagu is introduced in bks. i. andii. of Spenser's Faery Queen. The poec aays : ... lie coulil tak As many forms and shapes In seeming wise As ever Proteus to himself could mal^ : Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a lUh in lake, Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell. Spenser, The Faery Queen, I. ii. 10 (1590) Ar'chy M'Sar'casm (Sir), "a proud Caledonian knight, whose tongue, like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age . . . His insolence of family and licentious- ness of wit gained him the contempt of every one" (i. 1), Sir Archy tells Char- lotte, " In the house of M'Sarcasm are twa barons, three viscounts, six earls, ane marquisate, and twa dukes, besides baro- nets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning " (i. 1). He makes love to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has lost her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters " frae the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family . . . expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm ARCHYTAS. 48 ARETHUSA. wL' onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting- house" (ii. 1). Tlie man ha* something droll, something ridiculous In him. His abominable Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost bnried in snuff, the roll of his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange Inhuman laugh, his tremendous peri- wig, and his manners altogether why, one might take him for a mountebank docfjr at a Dutch fair. C. Macklin, tovc d-la-mode, i. 1 (1779). Sir Archy^s Great-grandmother. Sir ,Archy M' Sarcasm insisted on fighting sir 'Callaghau O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, "an outcast, a mere ootcast." The Irishman retorted by saying that "one Mac Fergus O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with his own hands." Charlotte [Goodchild] inter- posed, and asked the cause of the con- toTition, whereupon sir Callaghan replied, .*' Madam, it is about sir Archy's great- grandmother." C. Mackliu, Love a-la- inode, i. 1 (1779). We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's great grandmother. Macpherson, Dmertation upon Omian. Archy'tas of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and Regio- monta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from Koenigsberg to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned whence it set out (1436-147G). This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which Archyt^is made a wooden dove, and Kegiomon- tanus a wooden eagle. Dr. Jolm Wilkins (1614-1672). Ar'cite (2 syl.) and Pal'amon, two Theban knights, captives of duke The- seus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being thrown from his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of Palamon. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ("The Knight's Tale," 1388). Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled Falamon and Arcite, Arcit'enens, the zodiacal sign called the Archer. Sunt Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra^ue, Scorpius, Arcitenens, Caper, Amphora, Pisces. Ar'den {Enoch) ^ the hero of a poetic tale by Tennj^son. He is a seaman wrecked on a desert island, Svho returns home after the absence of several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her both happy and prosperous, Enoch resolv,es not to mar her domestic peace, so he leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart. Ar'den of Fev'ersham, a noble cha- racter, honourable, forgiving, affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him her guilty love for Mosb}', but he pardons her on condition that she will never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise when she plots with Mosby her hus- band's murder. In a planned street- scufile, Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws him off his guard. Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to his house, but Mosby conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his host during a game of draughts, the right moment being signified by Mosby's saying, " Now I take you." Arden is murdered ; but the whole gang is apprehended and brought to justice. (This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig Tieck has translated the plaj' into German, as a genuine production of Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the autL^r is unknown.) Ardenne {Water of). This watvx had the power of converting love to hate. The fountain was made by Merlin, to cure sir Tristram of his love for Isolt (but sir Tristram never drank of it). It is men- tioned by Bojardo in Orlando Innamorato. Nepenthe (3 syl.) had the contrary effect, viz., turning hatred to love. (See Ne- PKXTHE.) . . . that same water of Ardenne, The which Rinaldo drank in happy hour, Described V)y that famous Tuscan pen. ... It had the power to change the hearts of men Fro' love to hate. Spenser, The Faery Queen, iv. 3 (1596). Ardven, west coast of Scotland (Argyleshire and its vicinity). " Go," . . . said Starno ; " go to Ardven's sea-surrounded rocks. Tell the king of Selma [Finyal, the capital of whose kingdom ioas Selma] ... I give to him my daugh- ter, the loveliest maid that ever heaved a breast of snow. Her amis are white as the foam of my waves. Her soul is generous and mild." 0sian (" Fingal," ill.). Areous'ki, the Indian war-god, war, tumult. A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming, i. 16 (1809). Arethu'sa, daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called Philaster or Love Lies a-bleeding, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1638). Arcthusa, a nymph pursued by Al- pheos the river-god, and changed into a fountain in the island of Ortygia ; but the river-god still pursued her, and mingled his stream with tht fountain, ARETHUSE. 49 ARGILLAN. and novr, "like friends once parted Srovm single-hearted," they leap and ow and slumber together, "like spirits that love but live uo more." V This fable has been exquisitely- turned into poetry by Percy B. Shelley (Arethusa, 1820). Arcthu'se (4 syl), a Syracusian fountain, especially noted because the poet Thioc'ritos was born on its banks. Milton alludes to it in his Lyc'idas, v. 86. Argali'a, brother of Angel'ica, in Ariostys Orlando Furioso (1516). Ar'gan, the malade imaginaire and father of Angelique. He is introduced tax- ing his apothecary's bills, under the con- viction that he cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices that he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is not so well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a young doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that Argan himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies he has not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is over- ruled by investing the " malade " in a doctor's cap and robe. The piece con- cludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin. *^* When Argan asks his doctor how many g uns of salt he ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, " Six, huit, dix, etc., par les nombres pairs, comme dans les me'dicaments par los nombres impairs." Moliere, Le Malade Imaginairc, ii. 9 (1673). Argan'te (3 syL), a giantess called " the very monster and miracle of lust." She and her twin-brother OUyphant or Oliphant were the children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argante used to carry off young men as her captives, and seized " the Squire of Dames " as one of her victims. The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of chastity), was delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 syL). Spenser, Faery Queen, iii. 7 (1590). Argante' (2 syL), father of Octave (2 syl.) and Zerbinette (3 syL). He pro- mises to give his daughter Zerbinette to liCandre (2 syL), the son of his friend Ge'ronte (2 syL) ; but during his absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their respective fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the engagement, but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that the choice of the young people has un- knowingly coincided with their oAvn. Molibre, Les Fourberies de Scapin (1671). (Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called it The Cheats of Soapin. " Argante " he calls Thrifty; "Ge'ronte" is Gripe; "Zerbi- nette" he calls Lucia; and "Leandre" he Anglicises into Leander.) Argan'tes (3 syL), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted courage, but fierce and a great detester of the Naza- renes. Argantes and Solyman were un- doubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host. Argantes was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argantds of Italy's heroic poet. Sir W. Scott Ar'genis, a political romance by Barclay (1621). Ar'genk {The halls of). Here are portrayed all the various creatures that inhabited this earth before the creation of Adam. W. Beckford, Vathek (1784). Ar'gentile (3 syL), daughter of king Adelbnght, and ward of Edel. Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in her house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd. Edel, the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to flight, and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed and won her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to death. William Warner, Albion's England (1586). Ar'gentin {Le sieur cf), one of the officers of the duke of Burgundy. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). Arge'o, baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.) ^Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Arges'tes (3 syL), the west wind. Wing6d Argestes, falre Aurora's sonne. Licensed that (My to leave his dungeon. Meekly attended. Wm. Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, 11. 5 (1613). Arges'tes (3 syL), the north-east wind ; Cae'cias, the north-west ; Bo'reas, the full north. Boreas and Csecias and Argestes loud . . . rend the woods, and 9e;is upturn. Milton, ParadUe Lost, x. 69, etc. (1665). Ar'gillan, knight, born on the banks of the Trent, haughty, turbulent iks ' ' ARGON AND EURO. 60 ARIMASPIANS. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his escape, but was ulti- mately slain in battle by Solyman. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered^ viii. ix. (1675). Argon and Ruro, the two sons of Annin king of Inis-thona, an island of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighbouring chief, came to the island, and asked for the honour of a tournament. Argon granted the request, and overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he shot both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Kuno, running to the hall, howled so as to attract attention, and Annin, following the hound, found hJ3 two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in fight, and restored the daugh- ter to her father. Ossian ("The War of Inis-thona"), Arg'uri (in Russian Armenia), tra- ditionally where Noah first planted the aitionally vine. {Ar rgh urri, "he planted the vine.") Ar'gus, the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871. Argyle' (Mac Galium More, duke of), in the reign of George I. Sir W. Scott, Hob Hoy (1818). Mac Callum More, marquii of Argple, in the reign of Charles I. , wasroinmander of the parliameutary forces, and Is culled " Oillespie Griimach ; " hedi^guites himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch Campbell. Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (1819). (Duke and duchess of Argyle are intro- duced also in the Heart of Midlothian, by sir W. Scott, 1818.) Ariad'ne (4 syl.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave Thesoiis a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth. Theseus married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos {Dia) for- sook her, and she hung herself. Surely it is an Ariadnfi. . . . There is dawning woman- hood in every line ; but she knows notlung of Naxos. OmAiiL, Ariadni, i. 1. Aria'na, an ancient name of Khoras- san, in Persia. Ar'ibert, king of the Lombards (653- 6G1), left " no male pledge behind," but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daugh- ter of As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not known. Sir W. Davenant, Gondibert {6.\q^ 16G8). Arico'nium, Kenchester, in Here- ford, on the Ine. Here Offa had a palace. In poetry, Ariconium means Hereford* shire, noted for its wool. 1 [nermei\ conduct The English merchant, with the buxom fleece Of fertile Ariconium, while I clothe Sanuatian lungs [Poland and Kuisid], Akeu^dde, Uymn to the Jfaiadt. Arideus [A.ree'.de.us'], a herald in the Christian army. Tasso, Jerxisalem Deliv^i-ed (1576). A'riel, in The Tempest, an airy spirit, abb', ic assume any shape, or even to be- come in\isible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax, mother of Cal'iban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punish- ment for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture him with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of Miranda, liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit serv^ed the duke for sixteen years, when he was set free. And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree, For its freedom groans and sighs. Longfellow, The Golden Milettone, A'riel, the sylph in Pope's liape of the Lock. The impersonation of "fine life" in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and necklaces. When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over the fumes of the chocolate, or is trans- fixed with pins, clogged with pomatums, or wedged in the eyes of bodkins. A'riel, one of the rebel angels. The word means "the Lion of God." Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him. Milton, Fardise Lost, vi. 371 (1665). Ariman'es (4 syl.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced by Byron in his drama called Manfred. The Persians recognized a poM'er of good and a power of evil : the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman (in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ari- man'nis) . These two spirits are ever at war with each other. Oromazes created twenty- four good spirits, and enclosed them in an egg to be out of the power of Arimanes ; but Arimanes pierced the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good. However, a time will come when Arimanes shall be subjected, and the earth will become a perfect paradise. Arimas'pians, a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were perpetual conten- tions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See Gryphon.) Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte media 1 ARIOCH. 51 ARISTOMENES. signes; quibus assldue bellum esse circa metalla cum gryphis, feraruni volucrl genere, quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis aurum, mire cupiditate et ferls custo- dientibus, et Ariiiiaspii; rapieiitibus, inuiti, sed niaxiiiie Ulustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt. I'Uny, Nat. Hitt. vli. 2. Ar'ioch ("a fierce lion'"), one of the fallen angels overthrown by Abdiel. Milton, Paradise Lost, vi. 371 (1G65). Ariodan'tes (5 syL), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess. Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodantes stood forth her champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her. ^Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Ari'on. William Falconer, author of The Shipwreck, speaks of himself under this nom de plume (canto iii.). He was sent to sea when a lad, and says he was eager to investigate the " antiquities of foreign states." He was junior officer in the Britannia, which was wrecked against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point of Attica, and was the only officer who survived. Tliy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail. Campbell, i'lecuures of Hope, ii. (1799). Ari'on, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his wealth, threw himself into the sea, and was carried to Tae'naros on the back of a dolphin. Ari'on, the wonderful horse, which Her- cules gave to Adrastos. It had the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right Bide were the feet of a man. (One of the masques in sir "VV. Scott's Kenilworth is called " Arion.") . Ario'sto of t;he Worth, sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). And, like the Ariosto of the North, Saiig ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth. Byron, Childe llaro:d, iv. 40. .Aristse'us, protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He in- structed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his mother Cyrene. In such a palace Aristseus found Cyrenfi, when he bore the plaintive tale Of his lost bees to her maternal ear. Cowper, The Ice Palace of Anne of Jitistia. Aristar'chus, any critic. Aristar- chus of Samothrace was the greatest critic of antiquity. His labours were chiefly directed to the Iliad and Odyssey of Homer. He divided them, into twenty -four books each, marked every doubtful line Avith an obelos, and every one he considered especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156 ; died aged 72.) The whole region of belles lettres fell under my inspec- Itoa . . . There, sirs, like another Aristarch. 1 dealt out "How, friend," replied the archbishop, "has it [tTis homily] met with any Aristarchus [severe critic!?" Lesage, GU Bias, vii. 4 U715). Ariste (2 syL), brother of Chrysalc (2 syL), not a savant, but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Hen- riette, _ his womanly niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 syf.) and her daughter Armande (2 syL), who are femmes savantes. Molibre, Les Femmea Savantes (1672). Ariste'as, a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythi- cal nations of the earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag. Greek Legend. Aristi'des (The British), Andrew Marvell, an influential member of the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord treasurer. Dyinjj in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristides, at the pubUc expense (1620-1678). Aristip'pos, a Greek philosopher of Cyre'ne, who studied under Soc'rates, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called "he'donism" (t,6ovi], "pleasure"). *^* C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called Aristippxis, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this Cyrenian (1733-1813). An axiom of Aristippos was Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status, et res (Horace, Fpist. i. 17, 23) ; and his great precept was Mihi res, non me rebus svb~ jungere (Horace, Fpist. i. 1, 18). I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to company and solitude, to affluence and frugality. ' GU lilas. V. 12 (1716). Aristobu'lus, called by Drayton Aristob'ulus {Horn. xvi. 10), and said to be the first that brought to England the "glad tidings of salvation." He was murdered by the Britons. The first that ever told Christ cruciiied to us, IJy Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus . . . By the Britons murdered was. DKiyton, Polj/olbion, xxiv. (1622). Aristom'enes (5 syl.), ayoungMes- senian of the royal line, the " Cid " of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were inscribed these words : " Aristomenes from the Spartan spoils dedicates this to the goddess." ** A similar tale is told of Fernando ARISTOPHANES. 52 ARMSTRONG. Perez del Pulgar, when serving under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. AVith fifteen companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors, and nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a tablet inscribed " Ave Maria ! " then galloped back, before the guards recovered from their amazement. Washington Irving, Conquest of Granada, 91, Aristoph'anes (5 syL), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies, eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is called "The Prince of Ancient Comedy," and Menader "The Prince of New Comedy" (b.c. 342-291). The English or Modern Aristophanes, Samuel Foote (1722-1777). 2'he French Aristophanes, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Molibre (1622-1673). Aristotle. The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis ; of Plato, Archionassa ; and of Epicurus, Leontium. Aristotle of China, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called "The Prince of Science." Aristotle of Christianity, Thos. Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the doctrines of faith to syllogistic formulae (1224-1274). Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century, George Cuvier, the naturalist (1769-1832). Ar'istotle in Love. Godfrey Gobi- lyve told sir Graunde Amoiire that Aris- totle the philosopher Avas once in love, and the lady promised to listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then, putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was quite cured of his foolish at- tachment. Stephen Hawes, The Pastime of Plesure, xxix. (1555). Armado {Don Adriano de), a pom- pous, affected Spaniard, called "a re- fined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had a mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain tongue did ravish." This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of Navarre, when he resolved to spend three years in study with three companions, to relate in the interim of his studies " in high-born words the worth of many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's debate." His hatnour is lofty, liis discourse peremptor>", h's tongue filed, hi eye ambitious, his gait inajestical, and his general behaviour vain, ridiculous, and thrasonlcaL . . . He'draweth out the thread of liis verbosity finer than tb9 staple of tiis argument. Sliakesi>eare,^ve'4 Labour's Loit, act V. sc 1 (15i>4). Armande (2 syl.), daughter of Chry- sale (2 syl.) and sister of Henriette. Armande is a femme savante, and Hen- riette a "thorough woman." Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him pla- tonicly, while Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries her. Moliere, Les Femmes Savantes (1672). Armi'da, a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from the siege of Jerusalem . Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual joys. Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from Armida ; but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back again, sets fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight, and is slain. [Julia's] small hand Withdrew itself from his, but left behind A little pressure . . . but ne'er magician's wand Wrouglit change with all Armida's fairy art. Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart Byron, Don Juan, i. 71, When the 3'"oung queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the latter wittily said, " She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to her own palace." (Both Ghick and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject of an opera.) Armida's Girdle. Armida had an en- chanted girdle, which, "in price and beauty," surpassed all her other orna- ments ; even the cestus of Venus was less costly. It told her everything; "and when she would be loved, she wore the same." Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered ( 1575) . Arm'strong (John), called "The Laird's Jock." He is the laird of Man- gerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley of Liddes- dale, between his son (the Scotch chief- tain) and Foster (the English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown. Sir W. Scott, The I^aird's Jock (time, Elizabeth). Armstrong {Grace), the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the hcugh-foot, a >-oung farmer. Sir W. Scott, The Black Dwarf (time, Anne). Armstrong {Archie), court jester to ARNAUT. 53 ARROW SHOT A MILE. James I., introduced in The Fortunes of Kigel, by sir Walter Scott (1822). Ar'naut, an Albanian mountaineer. The word means "a brave man." Stained with tlie best of Arnaut blood. Byron, The Giaour, 526. Amheim (2 syl.). The baron Her- man von Arnlieimy Anne of Geierstoin's grandfather. SMla of Amheim, Anne's mother. The baroness of Amheim, Anne of Geier- stein. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). Ar'no, the river of Florence, the birth- place of both Dante and Boccaccio. At List the Muses rose . . . and scattered ... as they flew Tlieir blooming WTeaths from fair Valclusa'3 bower* [Petrarch], To Aruo's myrtle border. Akenside, Pleaturet of Imagination, il. Ar'nold, the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness. Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes best. He chooses that of Achilles, and then gqes to Rome, where he joins the besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters St. Peter's of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud beauty, to prevent being taken captive by him, flings herself from the high altar on the pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As the drama was never completed, the sequel is not known. Byron, Tlui Deformed Transformed. Ar'nold, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood. Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). Ar'nold of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called " Ginks." Beaumont and Fletcher, The Beggar's Bush (1622). Arnoldo, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 syl.), sister of Gessler, the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of Gessler drove the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents, but after the death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had saved when it was imperilled by an avalanche. Rossini, Guglielmo Tell (1829). Arnol'do, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady, dishonourably pursued by the governor, count Clodio. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Custom of the Counlry (1647). Ar'nolphe (2 syl.), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the proper train- ing of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and whom he in- tends in time to make his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in a country convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of society are wholly ignored ; but when removed from the convent Agnes treats men like school- girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them, and plays with them. Being told by her guardian that married women have more freedom than maidens, she asks him to marry her ; however, a young man named Horace falls in love with her, and makes her his wife, so Arnolphe after all profits nothing by his pains. Molibre, Ve'cole des Femmes (1662). Dans nn petit couvent loin de toute pratique Je le fls Clever selon ma politique C'est-i-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroft Ar'not {Andrew), one of the yeomen of the Balaf re [Ludovic Lesly] . Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward (time, Edward IV.). Aron'teus (4 syl.), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1675). Aroun'dight, the sword of sir Lan- celot of the Lake. Arpa'sia, the betrothed of Mone'ses, a Greek, but made by constraint the bride of Baj'azefc sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded Moneses to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her into subjection, but she died at the sight. N. Rowe, lamerlane (1702). Ar'rant Knave {An), a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon nearo-cndpa ("great knave "). Similarly, nearo-bregd (" great fear") ; nearo-grdp ("great grip") ; nearO" wrence ("great deceit"), etc. Ar'rot, the weasel in the beast-epic of Reynard the Fox (1498). Arro-w Festival {The), instituted by Zoroaster to commemorate the flight of the arrow shot from the top of the Peak of Dcmavend, in Persia, with such miraculous prowess as to reach the banks of the Oxus, causing the whole intervening country to be ceded to Persia. Ayvow shot a Mile. Robin Hood ARSACES. 54 ARTEMISIA, and Little John " frequently shot an arrow a measured mile" (1760 yards). Tradition informs us that in one of Itobin Hood's pere- grinations, attended by Little John, he went to dine at Whitby Abbey with the abbot Richard . . . they went to the top of the abbey, and ea*^h of them shot an arrow, whicli fell not far from Whitby-laths, and a pillar was set up by the abbot where each arrow was found . . . both fell more than a measured mile from the abbey. Charl- iton, History of Whitby, York, 146. ^ Ar'saees (3 syL), the patronymic name of the Persian kings, from Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some distinctive name or appel- lation, as the Roman emperors added the name of CaBsar to their own. Cujus memorise hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt ut onines exinde reges suos Arsilcis nomine nuucupent. Justin, HUtoriarm Philippics, xli. Arse'tes (3 syL), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and attended on her. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). Ar'taban, the French type of nobi- liary pride. Ar'tamenes (3 syl.) or Le Grand Cyrus, a "long-winded romance," by Mdlle. Scuderi (1607-1701). Artaxam'inous, king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he wishes to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to general Bombastes, and when the general finds that his "fond one " prefers " half a crown " to himself, he hates all the world, and challenges the whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and daring any one to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the cnallenge, and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombastes falls on his majesty, and " kills him," in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch, at the close of the bur- letta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the audience likes, "to die again to- morrow." W. B. Rhodes, Bombastes Furioso. Ar'tcMla Mur'tcMla, the magic words which " Fourteen " was required to pronounce when he wished to get any specific object "into his sack." A Basque Legend. (See Fouktken.) Ar'tegal or Arthegal {Sir), son of Gorlois prince of Cornwall, stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland. Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with him. She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from whom (through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The wanderings of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the imper- Bonation of chastity, is the subject 'of bk. jii. of the Faeri/ Queen ; and the achievements of sir Artegal, as the im- personation of justice, is the subject of bk. v. Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living woman be- longed. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment respecting "the living and dead child" (canto 1). His next was to destroj- the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third was the exposing of Bragga- doccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3). He had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea belonged, whether to Bracldas or Am'idas ; he gave judgment in favour of the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen of the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who killed Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the deliverance of Ire'na {Ireland) from Grantorto {rebellion), whom he slew (canto 12). N.B. This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580. Before bk. ir. 6, Artegal is spelt Arthegal, but never afterwards. *** ' ' Sir Artegal "is meant for lord Gray of Wilton, Spenser's friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant, and the poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart means that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or perfect in- tegrity of conduct. Spenser, Faery Queen, v. (1596). Artemis'ia, daughter of LygdSmis and queen of CarTa. With five ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly distinguished herself in the battle of SalSmis by her prudence and courage. (This is not the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.) Our statues . . . she The foundress of the Babylonian wall [Semiramit]; The Cariau Artemisia strong in war. Tennyson, The Princest, ii. Artemis'ia, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of IMauso'lus. Arte- misia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal husband raised a monument to his memory (called a mau- sole'um), which was one of the " Seven Wonders of the World." It was built by four different architects : Scopas, Timo- theus, Leochares, and Bruxis. This made the four rare masters which began Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb (When death took her before the work was donc^ And so bereft them of all hopes to come), ARTFUL DODGER. 65 ARTHUR. That they would yet their own work perfect make K-ea for their workes, and their self-S'^^ies avke lord Brooke, An hviuiry upon Fame, etc. (1554-lbJ8J. Artful Dodger, the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up to every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Arthgallo, a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was swallowed by a sea- monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother El'idure was advanced to the throne instead. Geoffrey, British History, iii. 17 (1142). Arthur (ICing), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon, and his mother Ygerne (3 syl.), widow of Gorlois duke of Cornwall. But Ygerne had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke was dead (pt. i. 2), and her m.arriage with the pendragon was not consummated till thirteen days after- wards. When the boy was born Merlin took him, and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector (Tennyson says "sir Anton"), till Merlin thought proper to announce him as the lawful successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived two years after his marriage with Ygerne. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 2, 6 (1470). Wherefore Merlin took the child And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight And ancient friend of Utlier ; and liis wife Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own. Tennyson, Coming of Arthur. Coming of Arthur. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 syl.), appealed to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers and wild beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to Leodogran, to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To this Leodogran, after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot was sent to escort the lady to Arthur's court. Arthur not dead. According to tra- dition Arthur is not dead, but rests in Glastonbury, " till he shall come again full twice as fair, to rule over his people." (See Barbarossa.) According to tradition. Arthur never died, but was converted into a raven by enciiantnient, and will, in the fulness of time, apiiear again in his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this reiison there is never a raven killed in England. Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. li. 5 (1605). Arthur'' s Twelve Battles (or victories over the Saxons). 1. The battle of the river Glem {i.e. the glen of Northumber- land). 2 to 5. The four battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the Ribble). 6. The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which joins the Ribble near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to be Tweeddale. 8. The battle of Castle Gwenion {i.e. Caer Wen, in Wedale, Stow). 9. The battle of Caerleon, i.e. Carlisle ; which Tennyson makes to be Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath Treroit, in Anglesey, some say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of Agned Cathregonion {i.e. Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill {i.e. the Hill of Bath, now Bannerdown). Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitclied fleldi he [,Arthur] with tn Saxons fought. ,> M. Drayton, PolyolUon, Iv. (1612). Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies. Three were Gentiles : Hector, Alexander, and Julius Caesar ; three were Jews : Joshua, David, and Judas Maccabaeus ; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrev of Bouillon. Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother, sir Ector and his lady. Their son, sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 3, 8 (1470). N.B. ^Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur. Arthur's Butler, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus ; but sir Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas "in the rule of the service." History of Prince Arthur, i. 8 (1470). Arthur's Sisters [half-sisters], Mor- gause or Margawse (wife of king Lot) ; Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot) ; and Morgan le Fay, the "great dark of Nigromancy," who wedded king Vrience, of the land of Core, father of Ewayns le Blanchemaj'ne. Only the last had the same mother (Ygraine or Ygerne) as the king. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 2. Arthur's So7is Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors, daughter of the earl Sanam. History of Prince Arthur, i. 15. Mordred was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some of the romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of IMar- gause and Arthur ; Margause being called the wife of king Lot, and sister of Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of Mordred's hatred of Arthur. Pt. i. 17, 36, etc. Arthur's Drinkinfj-Horn. No one could drink from this horn who was either unchaste or unfaithful. Lai du Corn and Morte d' Arthur, (See Chastity.) ARTHUR. 56 ARTHURET. Arthur's Shield, Fridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary. British Mistonj, ix. 4 (1142). Arthur's Spear, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of ebony. British History, ix. 4 (1142). His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten. Layamon, Brut, (twelfth century). Arthur's Sword, Escal'ibur or Excal'iber. Gee, in her last appearance in public] ; tlie last line of tl.e farewell address was, "And now poor Audley bids you ah farewell" (May 26, 1808). James Smith, Memoirs, etc. (IMO). Au'gean Stables. Auggas king of the Epeans, in Elis, kept 3000 oxen for thirty years in stalls which were never cleansed. It Avas one of the twelve labours of Her'cules to cleanse these stables in one day. This he accomplished by letting two rivers into them. If the Augean stable [of dramatic impurity] wa.s not sufficiently cleansed, the stream of public opinion was fairly directed against its conglomerated impurities. Sir W. Scott, The Drama. Augusta. liondon \^Trinc^antina'\ was so called by the Romans. Where full in view Augusta's spires are seen, With flowery lawns and waving woods between, A humble habitation rose, beside Where Thames meandering rolls his ample tide. Falconer, The Shipvn-eck, i. 3 (1756). Augus'ta, mother of Gustavus Vasa. She is a prisoner of Christian II. king of Denmark, but the king promises to set her free if she will induce her son to submission. Augusta refuses, but in the war which follows, Gustavus defeats Christian, and becomes king of Sweden. H. Brooke, Gustavus Vasa (1730). Augusta, a title conferred by the Roman emperors on their wives, sisters, daughters, mothers, and even concubines. It had to be conferred ; for even the wife of an Augustus was not an Augusta until after her coronation. 1. Empresses. Livia and Julia were both Aujjusta ; so were Julia (wife of Tiberius), Messalina, Agrippina, Octavia, Poppaja, Statilia, Sabina, Domitilla, Domitia, and Faustina. In imperials the wife of an emperor is spoken of as Augusta: Serenissima Augusta conjux nostra ; Divina Augusta, etc. But the title had to be conferred ; hence we read, " Domitian uxorem suam Aur/ustam jussit nuncupari ; " and " Flavia Titiana, eadem die, uxor ejus [i.e. Pertinax] Augusta est appellata." 2. Mothers or Grandmothers. An- tonia, grandmother of Caligula, was created Augusta. Claudius made his mother Antonia Au{}usta after her death. Heliogab'alus had coins inscribed with " Julia Maesa Augusta," in honour of his grandmother ; Mammaea, mother of Alex- ander Severus, is styled Augusta on coins ; and so is HelSna, mother of Constantine. 3. SiSTijRS. Honorius speaks of his sister as " venerabilis Augusta germana nostra." Trajan has coins inscribed with *' Diva Marciana Augusta.'^ 4. Daughters. Mallia Scantilla the wife, and Didia the daughter of Didius Julian us, were both Augusta. Titus in- scribed on coins his daughter as " Julia AUGUSTAN AGE. AUSTRIAN LIP. Sabina Augusta ; " there are coins of the emperor Decius inscribed with " Herennia Etruscilla Augusta," and " Sallustia Au- gusta," sisters of the emperor Decius. 6. Otheks. Matidia, niece of Trajan, is called Augusta on coins ; Constantine Monomachus called his concubine Au- gusta. Augus'tan Age, the golden age of a people's literature, so called because while Augustus was emperor, Rome was noted for its literary giants. The Augustan Age of England, the Elizabethan period. That of Anne is called the " Silver Age." 27ie Augustan Age of France^ that of Louis XlV. (1610-1740). The Augustan Age of Germany, nine- teenth century. The Augustan Age of Portugal, the reign of don Alphonso Henrique. In this reign Brazil was occupied ; the African coast explored ; the sea-route to India was traversed ; and Camoens flourished. Augusti'na, the Maid of Saragoza. She was only 22 when, her lover being shot, she mounted the batterj'- in his place. The French, after a siege of two months, were obliged to retreat, August 15, 1808. Such were the exploits of the Maid of Saragoza, who by her valour elevated herself to the highest ranli of heroines. When the author was at Seville, she walked daily on the Prado, decorated witli medals and orders, by order of the Junta. Lord Byron. Auld Robin Gray was written (1772) by lady Anne Barnard, to raise a little money for an old nurse. Lady Anne's maiden name was Lindsay, and her father was earl of Balcarras. Aullay, a monster horse with an elephant's trunk. The creature is as much bigger than an elephant, as an elephant is lirger than a sheep. King Baly of India rode on an aullay. The auUaj', hugest of four-footed kind, The aullay-horse, that in liis force, With elephantine trunk, could bind And lift the elephant, and on the wind Whirl him away, with sway and swing. E'en like a pebble from a practised sling. Southey, Curte of Kehama, xvi. 2 (1809). Aumerle [0.7?mr/'], a French corrup- tion of Albemarle (in Normand}'). Aure'lius, a young nobleman who tried to win to himself Do'rigen, the wife of Arv'ir'agus, but Dorigen told him she would never yield to his suit till all the rooks of the British coast were removed, " trnd there n'ia no stone y-seen." Aure- lius by magic made all the rocks disap- pear, but when- Dorigen went, at her husband's bidding, to keep her promise, Aurelius, seeing how sad she was, made answer, he would rather die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ("The Frank- lin's Tale," 1388). (This is substantially the same as Boc- caccio's tale of Dianora and Gilberto, x. 5. See DiAxoRA.) Aurelius, elder brother of Uther the pendragon, and uncle of Arthur, but he died before the hero was bom. Even sicke of a flixe [ill of the flux] as he was, he caused himself to bo carried forth on a litter; witti whose presence the people were so encouraged, th.at en- countering with the Saxons they wan the victorie. HoUn- shed, UUtory of Scotland, 9^. . , . once I read That stout Pendragon on hLs litter sick Came to the field, and vanquish6d his foes. Shakespeare, 1 Henry VI. actiU. sc. 2 (1589) Auro'ra's Tears, the morning dew. These tears arc shed for the death of her son Memnon, who was slain by Achillea at the siege of Troy. Auso'nia, Italy, so called from Au- son, son of Ulysses. . . . romantic Spain, Gay lilied fields of France, or, more refined. The soft Ausonia's monumental reign. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming, iL 15 (1809) Austin, the assumed name of the lord of Clarinsal, when he renounced the world and became a monk of St. Nicholas. Theodore, the grandson of Alfonso, was his son, and rightful heir to the posses- sions and title of the count of Narbonne. Robert Jephson, Count of Narbonne (1782). Aus'tria and the Lion's Hide. There is an old tale that the arch-duke of Austria killed Richard I., and wore as a spoil the lion's hide which belonged to our English monarch. Hence Faulcon- bridge (the natural son of Richard) says jeeringly to the arch-duke : Thou wear a lion's hide ! doff" it for shame. And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs. Shakespeare, King John, act iii. sc. 1 (1596). (The point is better understood when it is borne in mind that fools and jesters were dressed in calf -skins.) Aus'trian Lip (Tlie), a protniding under jaw, with a heavy lip disinclined to shut close. It came from kaiser Maxi- milian 1., son of kaiser Frederick III., and was inherited from his mother Cimburgis, a Polish princess, duke of Masovia's daughter, and hence called the "Cim- burgis Under Lip." AUTOLYCOS. 67 AVILION. Autol'ycos, the craftiest of thieves. He stole the flocks of his neighbours, and changed their marks. Sis'yphos out- witted him by marking his sheep under their feet. Alltol'ycus, a pedlar and witty rogue, in Tke Winter's Tale, by Shake- speare (1604). Av'alon or Avallon, Glastonbur}', generall}' called the " isle of Avalon." The abode of king Arthur, Obt5ron, Morgaine la Fee, the Fees generally, and sometimes called the " island of the blest." It is very fidly described in the French romance of Ogier le Danois. Tennyson calls it Avil'ion (q.v.). Dray- ton, in his Polyolbion, styles it " the ancient isle of Avalon," and the Romans " insula Avalonia." 9 three-times famous isle ! where is that place that might Be with tliyself compared for glory aiid delight, Whilst Glastonbury stood ? M. Drayton, Polyolblon, Hi. (1613). Avan'turine or Aven'turine (4 s?//.), a variety of rock-crystal having a spangled appearance, caused by scales of mica or crystals of copper. The name is borrowed from that of the artificial gold-spangled glass obtained in the first instance jxir aventure (" by accident"). . . . and the hair All over glanced with dew-drop or with gem, Like sparliles in the stone avaiiturine. Tennyson, Oareth and Lynette. Avare {D). The plot of this comedy is as follows : Harpagon the miser and his son Cleante (2 syl.) both want to marty Mariane (3 syl.), daughter of An- selme, alias don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. Cleante gets possession of a casket of gold belonging to the miser, and hidden in the garden. When Har- pagon discovers his loss he raves like a mad man, and Cle'ante gives him the choice of Mariane or the casket. The miser chooses the casket, and leaves the young lady to his son. The second plot is connected with Elise (2 syl.), the misers daughter, promised in marriage by the father to his friend Anselme (2 syl.) ; but Elise is herself in love with Valfere, who, however, turns out to be the son of Anselme. As soon as Anselme discovers that Valfere is his son, who he thought had been lost at sea, he resigns to him Elise, and so in both instances the young folks marry together, and the old ones give up their unnatural rivalry. Moliere, JJ Avare (1G67). Ava'tar, the descent of Brahma to this earth. It is said in Hindu mytJio- logy that Brahma has already descended nine times in various forms, but is yet to appear a tenth, in the figure of a warrior upon a white horse, to cut off all incor- rigible offenders. Nine times have Brahma's wheels of lightning hiirled His awful presence o'er the alarmdd worlil ; Nine times hath Guilt, through all his giant frame. Convulsive trembled, as the Miglity came ; Nine times hath suffering Mercy spared in vain, But heaven shall burst her starry gates again. He comes 1 dread Brahma shakes tlie sunless sky . , , Heaven's fiery horse, beneath his warrior-form. Paws the light clouds, and gallops on the storm. Campbell, Pleasures of Hope, i. (1799). Ave'nel (2 syl.), Julian Avenel, the usurper of Avenel Castle. Lady Alice Avenel, widow of sir Walter. Mary Avenel, daughter of lady Alice. She marries Halbert Glendinning. Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (date 1559). Ave'nel (Sir Halbert Glendinning, knight of), same as the bridegroom in The Monastery. The lady Mary of Avenel, same as The bride in The Monastery. Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). The Wliite Lady of Avenel, a spirit mysteriously connected with the Avenel family, as the Irish banshee is with true Mile'sian families. She announces good or ill fortune, and manifests a general interest in the family to which she is attached, but to others she acts with con- siderable caprice ; thus she shows un- mitigated malignity to the sacristan and the robber. Any truly virtuous mortal hag commanding power over her. Noon gleams on the lake, Noon glows on the fell ; Awake thee, awake. White maid of Avenel ! Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth). Aven'ger of Blood, the man who had the birthright, according to the Jewish polity, of taking vengeance on him who had killed one of his relatives. . . . the Christless code. That must have life for a blow. Tennyson, Maud, II. f. 1. Av'icen or Abcu-ibn-Sina, an Arabian physician and philosopher, born at Shiraz, in Persia (980-1037). He com- posed a treatise on logic, and another on metaphysics. Avicen is called both the Hippo'crates and the Aristotle of the Arabs. Of physicke speake for me, king Avicen . . . Yet was his glory never set on sholfe, Nor never shall, whyles any worlde may stande Where men have minde to take good bookes in hando. G. Gascoigne, The Fruit* of Warre, Ivii. (died 1577). Avil'ion ("Me apple island"), near the terrestrial paradise. (See Avaix)K.) AYLMER. 68 BAAL Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow. Nor ever wind blows loudly ; but it lies Deep-meadowed. happy, fair with orchard-lawns And bowery hollows crowned with summer sea, Where I lArt/tur] will heal me of my grievous wound. Tennyson, Morte d' Arthur. Ayl'mer {Mrs.), a neighbour of sir Henry Lee. Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, Commonwealth). Ay'mer {Prior), a jovial Benedictine monk, prior of Jorvaulx Abbey. Sir W. Scott, Jvanhoe (time, Richard L). Ay'moil, duke of Dordona {Dor- dogne). He had four sons, Rinaldo, Guicciardo, Alardo, and Ricciardetto {i.e. Renaud, Guiscard, Alard, and Richard), whose adventures are the sub- ject of a French romance, entitled Les Quatre fitz Aymon, by H. de Alleneuve (1165-1223). Az'amat-Bat'uk, pseudonym of M. Thicbland, war correspondent of the Fall-Mall Gazette, in 1870. Aza'zel, one of the ginn or jinn, all of whom were made of " smokeless fire," that is, the fire of the Simoom. These jinn inhabited the earth before man was created, but on account of their persistent disobedience Avere driven from it by an army of angels. When Adam was created, and God commanded all to wor- ship him, Azazel insolently made answer, " Me hast Thou created of fire, and him of earth ; why should I worship him ? " Whereupon God changed the jinnee into a devil, and called him Iblis or Despair. In hell he was made the standard-bearer of Satan's host. Upreared His mighty standard ; that proud honour claimed Az^el as bis right. Milton, ParadUeLott, i. 534 (1665). Az'la, a suttee, the young widow of Ar'valan, son of Keha'ma. Southey, Curse of Kehama, i. 10 (1809). Az'o, husband of Parisi'na. He was marquis d'Este, of Ferrara, and had already a natural son, Hugo, by Bianca, who, " never made his bride," died of a broken heart. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina before she married the mar- quis, and after she became his mother- in-law, they loved on still. One night Azo heard Parisina in sleep express her love for Hugo, and the angry marquis condemned his son to death. Although he spared his bride, no one ever knew what became of her. Byron, Parisina. Az'rael (3 syl.), the angel of death (called Raphael in the Gospel of Barna- bas). Al Koran. Az'tecas, an Indian tribe, which con- quered the Hoamen (2 syl.), seized their territory, and established themselves on a southern branch of the Missouri, having Az'tlan as their imperial city. When Madoc conquered the Aztecas in the twelfth century, he restored the Hoa- men, and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico. Southey, Madoc (1805). Az'tlan, the imperial city of the Az'tecas, on a southern branch of the Missouri. It belonged to the Hoamen (2 syl.), but this tribe being conquered by the Aztecas, the city followed the fate of war. When Madoc led his colony to North America, he took the part of the Hoamen, and, conquering the Aztecas, restored the city and all the territory pertaining thereto to the queen Erill'yab, and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico. The city Aztlan is described as "full of palaces, gardens, groves, and houses " (in the twelfth century). Southey, Madoo (1805). Azuce'na, a gipsy. Manri'co is sup- posed to be her son, but is in reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna). Verdi, II Trovato're (1853). Azyoru'ea (4 syl.), queen of the snakes and dragons. She resides in Patala, or the infernal regions. Hindu Mythology. There Azyoruca veiled her awful form In those eternal shadows. There she sat. And as the trembling souls who crowd around Tlie judgment seat received the doom of fate. Her giant arms, extending from the cloud, Drew them within the darkness. Southey, Cure of Kehama, xxiiL 15 (1809). Baal, plu. Baalim, a general name for all the SA'rian gods, as Ash'taroth was for the goddesses. The general version of the legend of Baal is the same as that of Adonis, Thammuz, Osiris, and the Arabian myth of El iChouder. All alle- gorize the Sun, six months above and six months below the equator. As a title of honour, the word Baal, Bal, Bel, etc., enters into a large number of Phoenician BAALBEC OF IRELAND. BACCHUS. and Carthaginian proper names, as Hanni- bal, Hasdru-bal, Bel-shazzar, etc. . . . [the] general names Of Baalim and Ashtaroth : those male ; These female. MUton, Paradise Lott, i. 422 (1665). Baalbec of Ireland, Kilmallock in Limerick, noted for its ruins. IBab (Lady), a waiting maid on a lady so called, who assumes the airs with the name and address of her mistress. Her felloAV-servants and other servants address her as "lady Bab," or " Your ladyship." She is a fine wench, "but by no means particular in keeping her teeth clean." She says she never reads but one " book, Avhich is Shikspur." And she calls Lovel and Freeman, two gentlemen of fortune, " downright hottenpots." Rev. J. Townley, Bi<;h Life Below Stairs ( 1 7G;5). Ba'ba, chief of the eunuchs in the court of the sultana Gulbey'az. Byron, Don Juan, v. 28, etc. (1820). Baha [AH), who relates the story of the " Forty Thieves " in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments. He discovered the thieves' cave while hiding in a tree, and heard the magic word " Ses'ame," at which the door of the cave opened and shut. Casstm Baha, brother of Ali Baba, who entered the cave of the forty thieves, but forgot the pass-word, and stood crying "Open Wheat !" " Open Barley !" to the door, which obeyed no sound but " Open Sesame ! " Baba Mus'tapha, a cobbler who sewed together the four pieces into which Cassim's body had been cleft by the forty thieves. When the thieves discovered that the body had been taken away, they sent one of the band into the city, to ascertain who had died of late. The man happened to enter the cobbler's stall, and falling into a gossip heard about the body which the cobbler had sewed together. Mustapha pointed out to him the house of Cassim Baba's widow, and the thief marked it with a piece of white chalk. Next day the cobbler pointed out the house to another, who marked it with red chalk. And the day following he pointed it out to the captain of the band, who instead of marking the door studied the house till he felt sure of recognizing it. Arabian Nights ("Ali Baba or The Forty Thieves"). Bababalouk, chief of the black i.nu Jis, whose duty it was to wait on the sultan, to guard the sultanas, and to superintend the harem. Habesci, State of the Ottoman Empire, 155-6. Ba'bel ( ' ' confusion ") . There is a town in Abyssinia called Ilabeshy the Arabic word for "confusion." This town is so called from the great diversity of races by which it is inhabited : Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans, Ethiopians, Arabians, Falashas (exiles), Gallas, and Negroes, all consort together there. Babes in the "Wood, insurrec- tionary hordes that infested the mountains of Wicklow, and the woods of Ennis- carthy towards the close of the eighteenth century. (See Children in the Wood.) Babie, old Alice Gray's servant-girl. Sir W. Scott, Britie of Lammermoor (time, William IIL). Babie'ca (3 syL), the Cid's horse. I learnt to prize Babieca from liis head unto his hoof. The Cid (1128). Baboon (Philip), Philippe Bourbon, due d'Anjou. Lewis Baboon, Louis XIV., " a false loon of a grandfather to Philip, and one that might justly be called a Jack-of- all-trades." Sometimes you would see this Lewis Baboon behind his counter, selling broad-cloth, sometimes measuring linen ; next day he would be dealing in mercery-ware ; high heads, ribbons, gloves, fans, and lace, he understood to a nicety . . . nay, he would descend to the selling of tape*, garters, and shoebuckles. When shop was shut up ho would go about the neighbourhood, and earn half-a-crown, by teaching the young men and maidens to dance. By these means he had acquired immense riches, which he used to squander away at back-sword [in war], quarter- staff, and cudgel-play, in which he tooli great pleasure. Dr. Arbuthnot, Uistory of John Bull, il. (1712). Bab'ylon. Cairo in Egypt was so called by the crusaders. Iiom was so called by the puritans ; and London was, and still is so called by some, on account of its wealth, luxury, and dissipation. The reference is to Bev. xvii. and xviii. Babylonian Wall. The foundress of this wall (two hundred cubits high, and fifty thick), was SemirSmis, mythic foundress of the Assyrian empire. She was the daughter of the fish-goddesa Der'ceto of AscS,lon, and a Syrian youth. Our statues * . . she The foundress of the Babylonian wall. Tennyson, The Prineest, ii. Bacchan'tes (3 syl.), priestesses of Bacchus. Round about him IBacchus] fair Bacchantes, Bearing cymbals, flutes, and thyrses, Wild from Naxian groves, or Zantfi's Vineyards, sing delirious verses. Longfellow, Drinking So^ng. Bacchus, in the Lusiad, an epic BACnARACH. 70 BADKOULBOUDOUR. poem by Camoens (1569), is the personi- fication of the evil principle which acts in opposition to Jupiter, the lord of Destiny. Mars is made by the poet the guardian poAver of Christianity, and Bacchus of Mohammedanism. Bactiaracli, a red vrine, so called from a town of the same name in the LoAver Palatinate. Pope Pius II. used to import a tun of it to Rome yearly, and Nuremberg obtained its freedom at the price of four casks of it a-year. The word Bacharach means " the altar of Bacchus " (Bacchi ara), the altar referred to being a rock in the bed of the river, which indicated to the vine-growers what sort of year they might expect. If the head of the rock appeared above water the season was a dry one, and a fine vintage might be looked for ; if not it was a wet season, and bad for the grapes. . . that ancient town of Bacharach, The beautiful town that gives us wine. With the fragrant odour of Muscadiije. Longfellow, The Golden Legend. Backbite {Sir Benjamin), nephew of Crabtree, very conceited, and^ very cen- sorious. His friends called him a great poet and wit, but he never published any- thing, because "'twas very vulgar to print ; " besides, as he said, his little pro- ductions circulated more " by giving copies in confidence to friends." Sheri- dan, School for Scandal (1777). When I first saw Miss Pope she was performing "Mrs. Candour," to Miss Farren's "lady Teazle," King .is "sir Peter," Parsons "Crabtree," Dodd "Backbite," Baddeley "Moses," Smith "Charles," and John Palmer "Joseph" Surface]. James Smith, Memoirs, etc Bacon of Theology, bishop But- ler, author of The Analogy of Bdigion, Natural and Bevcaled, etc. (1692-1752). Bacrack, a red German wine. (See Bacharach.) Bactrian Sage {The), Zoroas'ter or Zerdusht, a native of I3actria, now Balkh (B.C. 589-513). Bade'bec (2 syl.), wife of Gargantua and mother of Pan'tagruel'. She died in giving him birth, or rather in giving birth at the same time to 900 dromedaries laden with ham and smoked tongues, 7 camels laden with eels, and 25 waggons full of leeks, garlic, onions, and shal- lots. Rabelais, Fantagruel, ii. 2 (1533). Badger {Will), sir Hugh Robsart's favourite domestic. Sir W. Scott, Kenil- wcrth (time, Elizabeth). Bad'ger {Mr. Bayham), medical prac- titioner at Chelsea, under w^hom Richard Carstone pursues his studies. Mr. Badger is a crisp-looking gentleman, with "sur- prised eyes ; " very proud of being Mrs. Badger's "third,"* and always referring to her former two husbands, captain Swosser and professor Dingo. C. Dickens, Bleak House (1853). Badinguet [Bad'.en.gayl, one of the many nicknames of Napoleon III. It was the name of the mason in whose clothes he escaped from the fortress of Ham (1808, 1851-1873). Ba'don, Bath. The twelfth great vic- tory of Arthur over the Saxons was at Badon Hill (Bannerdown). They sang how ho himself [kinsf Arthur^ at Badon bore that day, When at the glorious goal his British sceptre lay. Two days together how the battle strongly stood ; Pendragon's wortiiy son [kinff Arthur] . . . Three hundred Saxons slew with his own valiant band. M. Drayton, Polyolbion, iv. (1612). Badou'ra, daughter of Gaiour (2 syl.) king of China, the " most beautiful woman ever seen upon earth." The em- peror Gaiour wished her to marry, but she expressed an aversion to wedlock. However, one night by fairy influence she was shown prince Camaral'zaman asleep, fell in love with him, and exchanged rings. Next day she inquired for the prince, but her inquiry was thought so absurd that she was confined as a mad woman. At length her foster-brother solved the difficulty thus : The emperor having proclaimed that whoever cured the princess of her [supposed] madness should have her for Lis wife, he sent Camaralzaman to play the magician, and imparted the secret to the princess by sending her the ring she had left with the sleeping prince. The cure was instantly effected, and the marriage solemnized with due pomp. When the emperor was informed that his son- in-law was a prince, whose father was sultan of the " Island of the Children of Khal'edan, some twenty days' sail from the coast of Persia," he was delighted with the alliance. Arabian Nights (" Camaralzaman and Badoura "), Badroul'boudour, daughter of tbe sultan of China, a beautiful brunette. " Her eyes were large and sparkling, her expression modest, her mouth small, her lips vermilion, and her figure per- fect." She became the wife of Aladdin, but twice nearly caused his death : once by exchanging "the wonderful lamp" for a new copper one, and once by giving feiETICA. 71 BAILLIF. hospitality to the false Fatima. Aladdin killed both these magicians. Arabian Nights ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp "). BeB'tica or Bsetie Vale, Granada and Andalusia, or Spain in general. So called from the river Baetis or Guadal- quiver. While o'er the Baetic vale Or thro* the towers of Memphis [Egypt\, or the pahns By sacred Ganges watered, I conduct The Biiglish merchant. Akenside, Hymn to the NaUidt. Bagdad. A hermit told the caliph Almanzor that one Moclas was destined to found a city on the spot where he Avas standing. "I am that man," said the caliph, and he then informed the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet, and his nurse ever after called him "Moclas," the name of a well-known thief. Marigny . Bagshot, one of a gang of thieves who conspire to break into the house of ladv Bountiful. Farquhar, The Beaux' Stratagem (1705). Bagstock {Major Joe), an apo- plectic retired military officer, living in Princess's Place, opposite to Miss Tox. The major had a covert kindness for Miss Tox, and was jealous of Mr. Dombey. He speaks of himself as " Old Joe Bag- stock," "Old Joey," "Old J.," "Old Josh," "Rough and tough Old Jo," "J. B.," " Old J. B.," and so on. He is also given to over-eating, and to abusing his poor native servant. C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (1846). Bah'adar, master of the horse to the king of the Magi. Prince Am'giad was enticed by a collet to enter the minister's house, and when Bahadar re- turned, he was not a little surprised at the sight of his uninvited guest. The prince, however, explained to him in private how the matter stood, and Bahadar, entering into the fun of the thing, assumed for the nonce the place of a slave. The collet would have murdered him, but Amgiad, to save the minister, cut off her head. Bahadar, being arrested for murder, was condemned to death, but Amgiad came forward and told the whole truth, where- upon Bahadar was instantly released, and Amgiad created vizier. Arabian Nights (" Amgiad and Assad "). Bahman (Prince), eldest son of the Bultan Khrossou-Bchah of Persia. In infancy he was taken from the palace by the sultana's sisters, and set adrift on a canal, but being rescued by the superin- tendent of the sultan's gardens, he was brought up, and afterwards restored to the sultan. It was the "talking bird" that told the sultan the tale of the young prince's abduction. Prince Pahman's Knife. "When prince Bahmac started on his exploits, he gave to his sister Parazade (4 syl.) a knife, saying, "As long as you find this knife clean and bright, you may feel assured that I am alive and well ; but if a drop of blood falls from it, you may know that I am no longer alive." Arabian Nights ("The Two Sisters," the last tale). Bailey, a sharp lad in the service of Todger's boarding-house. His ambition was to appear quite a full-grown man. On leaving Mrs. Todger's, he became the servant of Montague Tigg, manager of the "Anglo-Bengalee Company." C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844). Bailio {General), a parliamenta,ry leader. Sir W. Scott, Legend of Mont- rose (time, Charles I.). Bailie {Giles), a gipsy ; father of Ga- brael Faa (nephew to Meg Merrilies).-~ Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.). Bailiff's Daughter of Isling- ton, (in Norfolk). A squire's son loved the bailiff's daughter, but she gave him no encouragement, and his friends sent him to London "an apprentice for to binde." After the lapse of seven years, the bailiff's daughter, " in ragged attire," set out to walk to London, "her true love to inquire." The young man on horse- back met her, but knew her not. " One penny, one penny, kind sir ! " she said. "Where were you born?" asked the young man. " At Islington," she replied. " Then prithee, sweetheart, do you know the bailiff's daughter there?" "She's dead, sir, long ago." On hearing this the young man declared he'd live an exile in some foreign land. " Stay, oh stay, thou goodly youth," the maiden cried, " she is nr>t really dead, for I am she." " Then farewell grief and welcome joy, for I have found my true love, whom I feared I should never see again." Percy, Eelics of English Poetry, ii. 8. Baillif (Herry), mine host in the Canterbury Tales, by Chaucer (1388). When the poet begins the second fit yt BAILZOU. 72 BALANCE. the "Rime of Sir Thopas," mine host exclaims : No mor of this for Goddfis digiiitle 1 For thou niakest me so wery . . . that Mine eeres aken for thy nasty speeche. V. 15, 327, etc. (1388). Bailzou (Ann'aple), the nurse of Effie Deans in her confinement. Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.). Baiser-Lamourette (see Lamour- ette's Kiss), a short-lived reconciliation. II y avait {20 juln, 1792), scission entre les niemlires de rAssciiibWe. Lamourette les exhorta a se reconcilier. I'er- suitdds par son discours, ils s'enibrass6rent les Uns les autij. Mais cette n5conciliatlon ne dura pas deux jours ; et elle fut bientOt ridicuUsci sous le nom de Baiser- Lamourette. Bouillet, Diet. d'JJist., etc Bajar'do, Rinaldo's steed. Ariosto, Orlaiido Furvoso (1516). Baj'azet, sumamed "The Thunder- bolt " (ilderim), sultan of Turke5\ After subjugating Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Asia Minor, he laid siege to Constantinople, but was taken captive by Tamerlane emperor of Tartary. He was fierce as a wolf, reckless, and in- domitable. Being asked by Tamerlane how he would have treated him had their lobs been reversed, " Like a dog," he cried. " I would have made you my footstool when I mounted my saddle, and when your services were not needed would have chained you in a cage like a wild beast." Tamerlane replied, "Then to show you the difference of my spirit, I shall treat j^ou as a king." So saying, he ordered his chains to be struck off, gave him one of the royal tents, and promised to restore him to his throne if he would lay aside his hostility. Bajazet abused this noble generosity ; plotted the assassination of Tamerlane ; and bow- strung Mone'ses. Finding clemency of no use, Tamerlane commanded him to be used "as a dog, and to be chained in a cage like a wild beast." N. Rowe, Tat'ierlane (a tragedy, 1702;. *^* This was one of the favourite parts of Spranger Barry (1719-1777) and J. Kenble (1757-1823). Bajazet, a black page at St. James's Palace. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Bajura, Mahomet's standard. Baker (The), and the "Baker's Wife." Louis XYI. and Marie Antoinette were so called by the revolutionary party, because on the 6th October, 1789, they crdered a sunply of bread to be given to the mob which surrounded the palace at Versailles, clamouring for bread. Balaam (2 syl.), the earl of Hunt- ingdon, one of the rebels in the army of the duke of Monmouth. And therefore, in the name of dulness, be The well-hung Balaam. Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel. Ba'laam, a "citizen of sober fame," who lived near the monument of London. While poor he was " religious, punctual, and frugal ; " but when he became rich and got knighted, he seldom went to church, became a courtier, " took a bribe from France," and was hung for treason. Pope, Moral Essaijs, iii. Balaam and Josaphat, a religious novel by Johannes Damascenus, son of Almansur. (For plot, see Josaphat.) Balack, Dr. Burnet, bishop of Salis- bury, who wrote a history called Burnefs Own Time, and Jlistori/ of the Refoi'ina- tion. Dryden and Tate, Absalom and Achitophel, ii. BalaclaVa, a corruption of bella chiare ("beautiful port"), so called by the Genoese, who raised the fortress, some portions of which still exist. (See Charge.) Balafre (Le), alias Ludovic Lesly, an old archer of the Scottish Guard at Plessis les Tours, one of the castle palaces of Louis XL Le Balafre is uncle to Quen- tin DurAvard. Sir W. Scott, Qucntin Durward (time, Edward IV.). %* Henri, son of rran9oi3 second duke of Guise, was called Le Balafr^ ("the gashed "), from a frightful scar in the face from a sword-cut in the battle of Dormans (1575). Bal&m', the ox on which the faithful feed in paradise. The fish is called Nun, the lobes of whose liver will suffice for 70,000 men. Balan', brother of Balyn or Balin le Savage, two of the most valiant knights that the world ever produced. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 31 (1470). Balan, "the bravest and strongest of all the giant race." Am'adis de Gaul rescued Gabrioletta from his hands. Vasco de Lobeira, Amadis de Gaul, iv. 129 (fourteenth century). Balance {Justice), father of Sylvia. He had once been in the army, and as he had run the gauntlet himself, he could make excuses for the wild pranks of BALAND OF SPAIN. 73 BALIN. b young men. G. Farquhar, Tlie Recruiting Officer (1704). Ba'land of Spain, a man of gigantic strength, who called himself "Fierabras." MedicBval Ronuxnce. Balchris'tie {Jenny), housekeeper to the laird of Dumbiedikes. Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.). Balclu'tha, a town belonging to the Britons on the river Clyde. It fell into the hands of Comhal (Fingal's father), and was burnt to the ground. " I have seen the walls of Balclutha/ said Fingal, " but they were desolate. The fire had resounded in the halls, and Uic voice-of the people Is heard no more. The thistle shook there its lonely head, the moss whistled in the wind, and the fox looked out from the windows.*' Ossian, CartUon. Baldassa're^ (4 syl.), chief of the monastery of St.^Jacopo di Compostella. Donizetti's opera. La Favorite (1842). Bai'der, the god of light, peace, and day, was the yoimg and beautiful son of Odin and Frigga. His palace, Briedab- lik (" wide-shining"), stood in the Milky Way. He was slain by Hoder, the blind old god of darkness and night, but was restored to life at the general request of the gods. Scandinavian Mythology. Balder the beautiful God of the summer sun. Longfellow, Tegnier'i Death. (Sydney Dobell has a poem entitled Balder, published in 1854.) Bal'derston {Caleb), the favourite old butler of the master of Ravenswood, at Wolf's Crag Tower. Being told to provide supper for the laird of Bucklaw, he pretended that there were fat capon and good store in plenty, but all he could produce was "the hinder end of a mutton ham that had been three times on the table already, and the heel of a ewe-milk kebbuck [cheese^ " (ch. vii.). Sir W. Scott, Bride of Lammennoor (time, William III.). Baldrick, an ancestor of the lady Eveline Berenger "the betrothed." He was murdered, and lady Eveline assured Bose Flammock that she had seen his ghost frowning at her. Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Bal'dringham {Tlie lady Ermen- garde of), great-aunt of lady Eveline lierenger " the betrothed." Sir W. Scott, 2'he Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Bald"win, the youngest and comeliest of Charlemagne's paladins, nephew of sir Iluland. Baldwin, the restless and ambitiouB duke of Boloigna, leader of 1200 horse in the allied Christian army. He was Godfrey's brother, and very like him, but not so tall. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). ^* He is introduced by sir Waiter Scott in Count Robert of Paris, Baldwin. So the Ass is called in the beast-epic entitled Reynard the Fox (the word means " bold friend "). In pt. iii^ he is called " Dr. " Baldwin (1498). Bald' win, tutor of Rollo ("the bloody brother ") and Otto, dukes of Normandy, and sons of Sophia. Baldwin was put to death by Rollo, because Hamond slew Gisbert tlie chancellor with an axe and not with a sword. Rollo said that Baldwin deserved death "for teaching Hamond no better." Beaumont and Fletcher, The Bloody Brother (1631)). Baldwin {Count), a fatal example of paternal self-will. He doted on his elder son Biron, but because he married against his inclination, disinherited him, and fixed all his love on Carlos his youngerson. Biron fell at the siege of Candj^, and was suppoeed to be dead. His wife Isabella mourned for him seven years, and being on the point of starvation, applied to the count for aid, but he d e her from his house as a dog. Villeroy (2 syl.) married her, but Biron returned the following day. Carlos, hearing of his brother's return, employed ruffians to murder him, and then charged Villeroy with the crime ; but one of the ruffians impeached, Carlos was arrested, and Isabella, going mad, killed herself. Thus was the wilfulness of lialdwin the source of infinite misery.. It caused the death of his two sons, as well as of his daughter- in-law. Thomas Southern, I'he Fatal Marriage (1692). Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury (1184-1190), introduced by sir W. Scott in his novel called The Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Baldwin de Oyley, esquire of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert (Preceptor of the Knights ^ Templars). Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). Balin {Sir), or " Balin le Savage," knight of the two swords. He was a Northumberland knight, and being taken captive, was imprisoned six mouths by king Arthur. It so happened that a damsel girded with a sword came tp BALINVERNO. 74 BALRUDDERY. Camelot at the time of sir Balin's release, and told the king that no man could draw it who was tainted with " shame, treachery, or guile." King Arthur and all his knights failed in the attempt, but sir Balin drew it readily. The damsel begged him for the sword, but he refused to give it to any one. Whereupon the damsel said to him, " That sword shall be thy plague, for with it shall ye slay your best friend, and it shall also prove your own death." Then the Lady of the Lake came to the king, and demanded the sword, but sir Balin cut off her head with it, and was banished from the court. After various adventures he came to a castle where the custom was for every guest to joust. He was accommodated with a shield, and rode forth to meet his antagonist. So fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were slain, but Balin lived j ust long enough to learn that his antagonist was his dearly beloved brother Balan, and both were buried in one tomb. Sir T. INIalory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 27-44 (1470). *^* "The Book of Sir Balin le Sa- vage" is part i. ch. 27 to 44 (both in- clusive) of sir T. Malory's History of Prince Arthur. Balinverno, one of the leaders in Agramant's allied army. Ariosto, Or- lando Furioso (1516). Ba'liol (Edward), usurper of Scotland, introduced in Eedgauntlet, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George II.). Ba'lici (Mrs.), friend of Mr. Croftangry, in the introductory chapter of The Fair Maid of Perth, a novel by sir AV. Scott (time, Henry IV.). Ba'liol (Mrs. Martha Bethune), a lady of quality and fortune, who had a house called Baliol Lodging, Canongate, Edin- burgh. At death she left to her cousin Mr. Croftangry two series of tales called The Chronicles of Canongate (q.v.), which he published. Sir W. Scott, The High- land Widow (introduction, 1827). Baliol ColIege,Oxf ord, was founded (in 1203) by John de Baliol, knight, father of Baliol king of Scotland. Balisar'da, a sword made in the garden of Orgagna by the sorceress Fal- cri'ua; it would cut through even en- chanted substances, and was given to Roge'ro for the express purpose of " deal- ing Orlando's death." ^Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, XXV. 15 (1516). He knew with Balisarda's lightest blows, Nor helm, nor shield, nor cuirass coiild avail. Nor strongly tempered plate, nor twisted malL Book xxilL Baliverso, the basest knight in the Saracen army. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Balk or Balkh (" foem6race"), Omurs, surnamed Ghil-Shah ("earth's king"), founder of the Paishdadian dynasty. He travelled abroad to make himself familiar with the laws and customs of other lands. On his return he met his brother, and built on the spot of meeting a city, which he called Balk; and made it the capital of his kingdom. Balkis, the Arabian name of the queen of Sheba, who went from the South to witness the wisdom and splendour of Solomon. According to the Koran she was a tire-worshipper. It is said that Solomon raised her to his bed and throne. She is also called queen of Saba or Aaziz, Al Koran, xxvi. (Sale's notes). She fancied herself already more potent than Balkis, and pictured to her imagination the genii faliing pros- trate at the foot of her throne. W. Beckford, Vat/tek. Balkis queen of Sheba or Saba. Solomon being told that her legs were covered with hair " like those of an ass," had the presence-chamber floored with glass laid over running water filled with fish. When Balkis approached the room, supposing the floor to be water, she lifted up her robes and exposed her hairy ankles, of which the king had been rightly informed. Jallalo 'dinn. Bal'lenkeiroch (Old), a Highland chief and old friend of Fergus M'lvor. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.). Balmimg, the sword of Siegfried, forged by Wieland the smith of the Scandinavian gods. In a trial of merit, Wieland cleft Amilias (a brother smith) to the waist ; but so flne was the cut that Amilias was not even conscious of it till he attempted to move, when he fell asunder into two pieces. Niebelungen Lied. Balni-Barbi, the land of projectors, visited bv Gulliver. Swift, Gulliver's Travels (1726). Balrud'dery (The laird of), a re- lation of Godfrey Bertram, laird of EUangowan. Sir W. Scott, Guy Man- nering (time, George II.). BALSAM OF FIERABRAS. 75 BANASTAR. Balsam of Fierabras. "This famous balsam," said don Quixote, " only- costs three rials [about sixpence] for three quarts." It was the balsam with which the body of Christ was embalmed, and was stolen by sir Fierabras [Fe. a'. ra.br ah]. Such was its virtue, that one single drop of it taken internally would instantly heal the most ghastly wound. " It is a balsam ot balsams ; it not only heals all wounds, but even defies death itself. If thou should'st see my body cut in two, friend Sancho, by some unlucky back- stroke. you must carefully pick up that half of me which falls on the ground, and clap it upon the other half before the blood congeals, then give me a draught ot the balsam of Fierabras, and you will presently see me ns sound as an oninge." Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. il. 2 (1605). Baltha'zar, a merchant, in Shake- speare's Comedy of Errors (1593). Baltha'zar^ a name assumed by Portia, in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice (1598). Baltha'zar, servant to Romeo, in Shakespeare's Borneo and Juliet (1597). Baltha'zar, servant U> don Pedro, in Shakespeare's Mtich Ado about Nothing (1600). Baltha'zar, one of the three "kings" shown in Cologne Cathedral as one of the " Magi " led to Bethlehem by the guiding star. The word means "lord of treasures." The names of the other two are Melchior ("king of light"), and Caspar or Caspar ("the white one"). Klopstock, in The Messiah, makes six " Wise Men," and none of the names are like these three. Balthazar, father of Juliana, Vo- lantC, and Zam'ora. A proud, peppery, and wealthy gentleman. His daughter Juliana marries the duke of Aranza ; his second daughter the count Montalban ; and Zamora marries signor Rinaldo. J. Tobin, The Honeijmoon (1804). Bailie {Cardinal), in the court of Louis XI. of France (1420-1491), intro- duced by sir W. Scott in Qiientin Dur- ward (time, Edward IV.). Balugantes (4 syl.), leader of the men from Leon, in Spain, and in alliance with Agramant. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Balveny (Lord), kinsman of the earl of Douglas. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Berth (time, Henry IV.). Balwhidder [Bal'.wither'\, a Scotch presbyterian pastor, filled with all the old-fashioned national prejudices, but sincere, kind-hearted, and pious. He is garrulous and loves his joke, but is quite ignorant of the world, being "in it but not of it." Gait, Annals of the Parish (1821). Tlie liev. Aficah Balwhidder is a fine representation of the primitive Scottish pastor ; diligent, bliimeless, loyal, and exemplary in his life, but without the fiery zeal and "kirk -fining eloquence" of the supporters of the Cove- nant U. Chambers. English Literature, ii. 5ai. Baly, one of the ancient and gigantic kings of India, who founded the city called by his name. He redressed wrongs, upheld justice, was generous and truthful, compassionate and charitable, so that at death he became one of the judges of hell. His city in time got overwhelmed with the encroaching ocean, but its walls were not overthrown, nor were the rooms encumbered with the weeds and alluvial of the sea. One day a dwarf, named Vamen, asked the mighty monarch to allow him to measure three of his own paces for a hut to dwell in. Baly smiled, and bade him measure out what he required. The first pace of the dwarf compassed the whole earth, the second the whole heavens, and the third the infernal regions. Baly at once per- ceived that the dwarf was Vishnu, and adored the present deity. Vishnu made the king "Governor of Pad'alon " or hell, and permitted him once a year to revisit the earth, on the first full moon of Kovember. Baly built A city, like the cities of the gods. Being like a god hinifelf. For many an ago Hath ocean warred against his palaces. Till overwhelmed they lie beneath the waves, Not overthrown. Southey, Curse of Kehama, xv. 1 (1809). Ban, king of Benwick [Brittany'jy father of sir Launcelot, and brother of Bors king of Gaul. This " shadowy king of a still more shadowy kingdom " came over with his royal brother to the aid of Arthur, when, at the beginning of his reign, the eleven kings leagued against him (pt. i. 8). Yonder I see the most valiant knight of the world, and the man of most renown, for such two brethren as are king Ban and king Bors are not living. Sir T. Malory, Uislory of Prince Arthur, i. 14 (1470). Ban'agher, a town in Ireland, on the Shannon (King's County). It formerly sent two members to parliament, and was a pocket borough. When a member spoke of a rotten borough, he could de- vise no stronger expression than That beats Banagher, which passed into a household phrase. Banastar (Humfrey), broght up by Henry duke of Buckingham, and ad- vanced by him to honour and wealth. BANBERG. 76 BAPTISTA. He professed to love the duke as his dearest friend ; but when Richard III. offered 1000 reward to any one who would deliver up the duke, Banastar betrayed him to John INIitton, sheriff of Shropshire, and he was conveyed to Salis- bury, where he was beheaded. The ghost of the duke prayed that Banastar's eldest son, " reft of his wits might end his life in a pigstye ; " that his second son might "be drowned in a dyke" containing less than "half a foot of water;" that his only daughter might be a leper ; and that Banastar himself might "live in death and die in life." Thomas Sackville, A Mirrour for Magistraytes ("The Com- playnt," 1587;. Banberg {The bishop of), introduced in Donnerhugel's narrative. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geier stein (time, Edward IV.). Banbury Cheese. Bardolph calls Slender a "Banbury cheese" {Merry Wives of Windsor, act i. sc. 1) ; and in Jack Drum's Entertainment we read " You are like a Banbury cheese, nothing but paring." The Banbury cheese alluded to was a milk cheese, about an inch in thickness. Bandy - legged, Armand Gouffe' (1775-1845), also called Le panard da dix-neuvietne siecle. He was one of the founders of the " Caveau moderne." Bane of the Land {Landschaden), the name given to a German robber- knight on account of his reckless depre- dations on his neighbours' property. He was placed under the ban of the empire for his offences. Bango'rian Controversy, a theo- logical paper-war begun by Dr. Hoadly, bishop of Bangor, the best reply being by Law. The subject of this controversy was a sermon preached before George I., on the text, " My kingdom is not of this world." Banks, a farmer, the great terror of old mother Sawyer, the witch of Edmon- ton. The Witch of Edmonton (by Row- ley, Dekker, and Ford, 1G58). Ban'natyne Club, a literary club which takes its name from George Ban- natyne. It was instituted in 1823 by sir Walter Scott, and had for its object the gubiication of rare works illustrative of cottish history, poetry, and general literature. The club was dissolved in 1859. Bannockburn (in Stirling), famous for the great battle between Bruce and Edward II., in which the English arm.y was totally defeated, and the Scots re- gained their freedom (June 24, 1314), Departed spirits of tlie mighty dead ! . . . Oh I once again to Freedom's cause return The patriot Tell, the Bruce of Bminocliburii. Campbell, Pleasures of J/ojje, 1. (1799). Banquo, a Scotch general of royal extraction, in the time of Edward the Confessor. He was murdered at the in- stigation of king Macbeth, but his son Fleance escaped, and from this Fleance descended a race of kings who filled the throne of Scotland, ending with James I. of England, in whom were united the two crowns. The witches on the blasted heath hailed Banquo as (1) Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. (2) Not so happy, yet much happier. (3) Thou sh.alt get kings, tiiough thou be none. Shakespeare, Macbeth, act i. sc. 3 (1606). (Historically no such person as Banquo ever existed, and therefore Fleance was not the ancestor of the house of Stuart.) Ban'shee, a tutelary female spirit. Every chief family of Ireland has its banshee, who is supposed to give it warn- ing of approaching death or danger. Bantam {Angela Cyrus), grand-master of the ceremonies at "Ba-ath," and a very mighty personage in the opinion of the elite of Bath. C. Dickens, The Pick- wick Papers (1836). Banting. Doing Banting means living by regimen for the sake of reducing superfluous fat. William Banting, hy a rigorous abstention from all food con- taining starch and saccharine matter, reduced his weight from 202 to 167 lbs., and in 1862 he published a pamphlet upon the subject. Bap, a contraction of Bap'homet, i.e. Mahomet. An imaginary idol or symbol which the Templars were accused of em- ploying in their mysterious religious rites. It was a small human figure cut in stone, with two heads, one male aud the other female, but all the rest of the figure was female. Specimens still exist. Bap'tes (2 Sf/L), priests of the god- dess Cotytto, whose midnight orgies were so obscene as to disgust even the very goddess of obscenity. (Greek, txtpto, " to baptize," because these j)riests bathed themselves in the most effeminate man- ner.) Baptis'ta, a rich gentleman of Padua, father of Kathari'na "the shrew *' BAPTISTI DAMIOTTI. 77 BARD OF AVON. and Bianca. Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew (1594). BaptistiDaniiotti,aPaduan quack, who shows in the enchanted mirror a picture representing the clandestine mar- riage and infidelity of sir Philip Forester. -Sir W. Scott, Aunt Margaret's Mirror (time, William III.). Bar of Gold. A bar of gold above the instep is a mark of sov(ireign rank in the women of the families of the deys, and is worn as a "crest" by their female relatives. Around, as princess of her father's land, A like gold bar, above her instep rolled, Announced her rank. Byron, Don Juan, Hi. 72 (1820). Bar'abas, the faithful servant cf Ralph de Lascours, captain of the Uran'ia. His favourite expression is " I am afraid ; " but he always acts most bravely when he is afraid. (See Baiiuabas.) E. Stirling, The Orphan of the Frozen Sea (1856). Bar'adas (Count), the king's fa- vourite, first gentleman of the chamber, and one of the conspirators to dethrone Louis XIII., kill Richelieu, and place the due d'Orle'ans on the throne of France. Baradas loved Julie, but Julie married the chevalier Adrien de Mauprat. When Richelieu fell into disgrace, the king made count Baradas his chief minister, but scarcely had he so done when a despatch was put into his hand, reveal- ing the conspiracy, and Richelieu ordered Baradas' instant arrest. Lord Lytton, Richelieu (1839). Barak el Hadgi, the fakir', an emissary from the court of Hyder Ali. Sir W. Scott, T/ie Surgeon's Daughter (time, George II.). Barata'ria, the island-city over which Sancho Pai>za was appointed governor. The table was presided over by Dr. Pedro Rezio de Ague'ro, who caused every dish set before the governor to be whisked away without being tasted, some be- cause they heated the blood, and others because they chilled it, some for one evil effect, and some for another, so that Sancho was allowed to eat nothing. Sancho then arrived at a town containing about a thousand inhabitaiiU. They save liini to understand that it was called the Island of Barataria, either because Barataria was really the name of the place, or because he obtained the government barato, i.e. "at a cheap rate " On his arrival near the gates of the town, the municipal officers came out to receive him. Presently after, with certain ridiculous ceremonies, they presented him with the keys of the town, and constituted him perpetual governor of the island of Barataria. Cervantes. I}on Quixote. II. ill. 7. etc. (1615) Barbarossa ('^ red beard"), surname of Frederick I. of Germany (1121-1190). It is said that he never died, but is still sleeping in Kyffhiiuserberg in Thuringia. There he sits at a stone table with his six knights, waiting the "fulness of time," when he will come from his cave to rescue Germany from bondage, and give her the foremost place of all the world. His beard has already grown through tho table-slab, but must wind itself thrice round the table before his second advent. (See Mansuk, Ciiaklemagne, Authuu, Desmond, Sebastian I., to whom similar legends are attached.) Like Barbarossa, who sits in a cave, Taciturn, sombre, sedate, and grave. Longfellow, The Golden Legend. Barbarossa, a tragedy by John Brown. This is not Frederick Barbarossa, the emperor of Germany (1121-1190), but Horuc Barbarossa, the corsair (1475- 1519). He was a renegade Greek, of Mitylene, who made himself master of Algeria, which was for a time subject to Turkey. He killed the Moorish king ; tried to cut off Selim the son, but without success ; and wanted to marry Zaphi'ra, the king's widow, who rejected his suit with scorn, and was kept in confinement for seven years. Selim returned unex- pectedly to Algiers, and a general rising took place ; Barbarossa Avas slain by the insurgents ; Zaphira was restored to the throne ; and Selim her son married Irene the daughter of Barbarossa (1742). Bar'bary (St.), the patron saint of arsenals. \Vhen her father was about to strike off her head, she was killed by a flash of lightning. Bar'bary (Roan), the favourite horse of Richard 11 . Bolingbroke rode on roan Barbary, That horse that thou so often h.ast bestrid I Sliakespeare, Jtichard II. act v. sc. 5 (1597). Bar'bason, the name of a demon mentioned in The Merry Wives of Wind- sor, act ii. sc. 2 (1596). I am not Barbason ; you cannot conjure me. Shake- speare, Henry V. act ii. sc. 1 (1599). Barco'chebah, an antichrist. Shared the fall of theantichrist Barcochebar. Professor Selwin, A'cce Jlomo. Bard of Avon, Shakespeare, bom and buried at Stratford-upon-Aron (1564- 1616). Also called the Bard of all Times. Bard of Ayrshire, Robert Bums, a native of Ayrshire (1759-1796). Bardof liope, Thomas Campbell, author of The Fleasures of Hope (1777-1844). BARDS. 78 BARKIS. Bard of the Imagination, Mark Aken- Bide, author of The Pleasures of the Im- agination (1721-1770). Bard of Memory, S. Rogers, author of The Pleasures of Memory (17G2-1855). Bard of Olney, W. Cowper [Coo'.prJ, who lived for many years at Olney, in Bucks (1731-1800). Bard of Prose, Boccaccio. He of the hundred tales of love. Byron, Chi/de Harold, iv. 66 (1818). Bardof Rydal Mount, William Words- worth, who lived at Rydal Mount ; also called " Poet of the Excursion," from his principal poem (1770-1850). Bard of Twickenham, Alexander Pope, who lived at Twickenham (1688-1744). Bards. The ancient Gaels thought that the soul of a dead hero could never be happy till a bard had sung an elegy over the deceased. Hence when Cairbar, the usurper of the throne of Ireland, fell, though he was a rebel, a murderer, and a coward, his brother Cathmor could not endure the thought of his soul being unsung to rest. So he goes to Ossian and gets him to send a bard " to give the soul of the king to the wind, to open to it the airy hall, and to give joy to the darkened ghost." Ossian, Temora, ii. Bardell (Mrs.), landlady of " apart- ments for single gentlemen " in Goswell Street. Here Mr. Pickwick lodged for a time. She persuaded herself that he would make her a good second husband, and on one occasion was seen in his arms by his three friends. Mrs. Bardell put herself in the hands of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg (two unprincipled lawyers), who vamped up a case against Mr. Pick- wick of " breach of promise," and obtained a verdict against the defendant. Subse- quently Messrs. Dodson and Fogg arrested their own client, and lodged her in the Fleet. C. Dickens, The Pickwick Papers (1836). Barde'sanist (4 syl.), a follower of Barde'san, founder of a Gnostic sect in the second century. Bar'dolph, corporal of captain sir John Falstaff, in 1 and 2 Henry IV. and in Tlie Merry Wives of Windsor. In Henry V. he is promoted to lieutenant, and Nym is corporal. Both are hanged. Bardoiph is a bravo, out great humorist ; he is a low-bred, drunken swaggerer, wholly without principle, and always poor. ' His red, pimply nose is an ever- lasting joke with sir John and others. Sir John in allusion thereto calls Bardoiph " The Knight of the Burning Lamp." He says to him, " Thou art our admiral, and bearest the lantern in the poop.'' Elsewhere he tells the corporal he had saved him a '* thousand marks in links and torches, walking with him in the night betwixt tavern and tavern." Shake- speare. We are much of the mind of FalstafTs tailor. We must have better assurance for sir John than Bardoiph s. Macaulay. (The reference is to 2 Henry IV. act i. sc. 2. When Falstaff asks Page, " What said Master Dumbleton about the satin for my short cloak and slops?" Page replies, " He said, sir, you should pro- cure him better assurance than Bardoiph. He . . . liked not the security.") Bardon {Hugh), the scout-master in the troop of lieutenant Fitzurse. Sir W, Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). Barere (2 syl.), an advocate of Tou- louse, called " The Anacreon of the Guillotine." He was president of the Con- vention, a member of the Constitutional Committee, and chief agent in the con- demnation to death of Louis XVI. As member of the Committee of Public Safety, he decreed that "Terror must be the order of the day." In the first em- pire Barere bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from France, and retired to Brussels (1755-1841). The filthiest and most spiteful Yahoo of the fiction was a noble creature compared with the Barfire of his- tory. Lord Macaulay. Bar'guest, a goblin armed with teeth and claws. It would sometimes set up in the streets a most fearful scream in the " dead waste and middle of the night." The faculty of seeing this monster was limited to a few, but those who possessed it could by the touch communicate the " gift " to others. Fairy Mythology, North of England. Bar'gulus, an Illyrian robber or pirate. Bai-gulus, lUyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum magnas opes habuit Cicero, De OfficiU, ii. 11. Baricondo, one of the leaders of the Moorish army. He was slain by the duke of Clarence. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Barker (Mr.), friend to Sowerberrj'. Mrs. Barker, his wife. W. Brough, A Pnenomenon in a Smock Frock. Bar'kis, the carrier who courted [Clara] Peggot'ty, by telling David BARLAHAM AND JOSAPHAT. 79 BARN-BURNERS. Copperfield when he wrote home to say to his nurse " Barkis is willin\" Clara took the hint and became Mrs. Barkis. He dies when the tide goes out, confirming the super- Btition that people can't die till tlie tide goes out. or be born till it is in. The last words he utters are " Barkis is wiUin'." C. DicKfeus, Dajiid- Copperfield, xxx. (1849). (Mrs. Quickly says of sir John Falstaff, " 'A parted even just between twelve and one, e'en at the turning o' the tide." Henry V. act ii. sc. 3, 1599.) Bar'laham and Josaphat, the heroes and title of a minnesong, the object of which was to show the triumph of Christian doctrines over paganism. , Barlaham is a hermit who converts Josa- phat, an Indian prince. This " lay " was immensely popular in the Middle Ages, and has been translated into every Euro- pean language. Rudolf of Ems (a min- nesinger, thirteenth century). Barley {Bill), Clara's father. Chiefly remarkable for drinking rum, and thump- ing on the floor. C. Dickens, Great Expectations (1860). Barleycorn {Sir John), Malt-liquor l>er8onificd. His neighbours vowed that sir John should die, so they hired raffians to " plough him with ploughs and bury him ; " this they did, and afterwards " combed him with harrows and thrust clods on his head," but did not kill him. Then with hooks and sickles they "cut his legs off at the knees," bound him like a thief, and left him " to wither with the wind," but he died not. They now "rent him to the heart," and having " mowed him in a mow," sent two bravos to beat him with clubs, and they beat him so sore that " all his flesh fell from his bones," but yet he died not. To a kiln they next hauled him, and burnt him like a martyr, but he survived the burning. They crushed him between two stones, but killed him not. Sir John bore no malice for this ill-usage, but did his best to cheer the flagging spirits even of his worst persecutors. *^* This song, from the English Dancing-Master (1651), is generally ascribed to Robert Burns, but all that the Scotch poet did was slightly to alter parts of it. The same may be said of " Auld lang Syne," "Ca' the Yowes," "My Heart is Sair for Somebody," "Green grow the Rashes, 0!" and several other songs, set down to the credit of Burns. Barlow, the favourite archer of Henry VHI. He was jocosely created by the merry monarch " Duke of Shore- ditch," and bis two companions "Marquis of Islington " and " Earl of Pancras." Barlow {Billy), a jester, who fancied himself a "mighty potentate," He was well known in the east of London, and died in Whitechapel workhouse. Some of his saj'ings were really witty, and som'} of his attitudes truly farcical. Bar'mecide Feast, a mere dream- feast, an illusion, a castle in the air. Schacabac "the hare-lipped," a man in the greatest distress, one day called on the rich Barmecide, who in merry jest asked him to dine with him, Barmecide first washed in hypothetical water, Schacabac followed his example, Barmecide then pretended to eat of various dainties, Schacabac did the same, and praised them highly, and so the " feast " went on to the close. The story says Barmecide was so pleased that Schacabac had the good sense and good temper to enter into the spirit of the joke without resentment, that -hfe ordered in a real banquet, at which Schacabac was a welcome guest. Arabian Nights (" Tha Barber's Sixth Brother"). Bar'nabas {S^.), a disciple of Gama- liel, cousin of St. Mark, and fellow- labourev with St. Paul. He was mar- tyred at Salamis, A.i). 63. St. Barnabas^ Day is June 11. Acts iv. 36, 37. Bar'naby ( Widow), the title and chief character of a novel by Mrs, Trollope (1839). The widow is a vulgar, pre- tentious husband-hunter, wholly without principle. Widow Barnaby has a sequel called The Barnabys in America or The Widow Married, a satire on America and the Americans (1840). Barnaby Rudge, a half-witted lad, whose companion is a raven. He was allured into joining the Gordon rioters. C. Dickens, Barnaby Badge (1841). (See Rudge.) Barnacle, brother of old Nicholas Cocknej', and guardian of Priscilla Tomboy of the West Indies. Barnacle is a tradesman of the old school, who thinks the foppery and extravagance of the " Cockney "school inconsistent with pros- perous shop-keeping. Tliough brusque and even ill-mannered, he has good sense and good discernment of character. Th Romp (altered from Bickerstaff's Love in the City). Bam-Burners, ultra-radicals or BARNES. 80 BARTOLDO. destructives, who burnt the bams in order to reform social and political abuses. These wiseacres were about as sapient as the Dutchman who burnt down his barns to get rid of the rats which infested them. Barnes (1 syL), ser^'ant to colonel Mannering, atWoodburne. Sir \V. Scott, Guj/ Mannering (time, George II.). Barney, a repulsive Jew, who waited on the customers at the low public-house frequented by Fagin and his associates. Barney always spoke through his nose. C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Barn'stable {Lieutenant), in the British navy, in love with Kate Plowden, niece of colonel Howard of New York. The alliance not being approved of, Kate is removed from England to America, but Barnstable goes to America to dis- cover her retreat. In this he succeeds, but being seized as a spy, is commanded by colonel Howard to be hung to the yardarm of an American frigate called the Alacrity. Scarcely is the young man led off, when the colonel is informed that Barnstable is his own son, and he arrives at the scene of execution just in time to save him. Of course after this he marries the lady of his affection. E. Fitzball, The Filot (a burletta). Barnvsrell (G'^^or/;*?), the chief character and title of a tragedy by George Lillo. George Barnwell is a London apprentice, who falls in love with Sarah Millwood of Shoreditch, who leads him astray. He first robs his master of 200. He next robs his uncle, a rich grazier at Ludlow, and murders him. Having spent all the money of his iniquity, Sarah Millwood turns him off and informs against him. Both are executed (1732). *^* For many years this play was acted on boxing-night, as a useful lesson to London apprentices. A gentleman . . . called one day on David Ross (1728-1790) the actor, and told him his father who lay at the point of death greatly desired to see him. When the actor was at the bed-side, the dying man said, " Mr Ross, some forty years ago, like ' George Ram well,' I wronged my master to supply the unbounded extravagance of a 'Millwoixl.* I took her to see your perfonnaiice, which so shocked me that I vowed to break the connection and return to the path of virtue. I kept my resolution, replaced the money I had stolen, and founda ' Maria ' in my master's daughter. I soon succeeded to my master's business, and have beiiueathed you 1000 Inmy will." Pelham, Chronicle* of Crime. Baron {The old English), a romance by Clara Reeve (1777). Bar 'r abas, the rich " Jew of Malta." He is simply a human monster, who kills in fiport, poisons whole nunneries, and invents infernal machines. Shakespeare s "Shylock" has a humanity in the very whirlwind of his resentment, but Mar- lowe's " Barrabas " is a mere ideal of that "thing "which Christian prejudice o'ice deemed a Jew. (See Bakabas.) Mar- lowe, The Jew of Malta (1586). Bar'rabas, the famous robber and murderer set free instead of Christ by desire of the Jews. Called in the New Testament Barah'bas. Marlowe calls the word "Barrabas" in his Jew of Malta; and Shakespeare says : Would any of the stock of Bar'rabas Had been her husbjind. rather than a Christian ! Merchant of Venice, act iv. so. 1 (1598). Barry Cornwall, the nom deplume of Bryan Waller Procter. It is an imperfect anagram of his name (1788- 1874). Bars ad {John), alias Solomon Fross, a spy. He had an aquiline nose, but not straight, having a peculiar inclination towards the left cheek ; expression, therefore, sinister. C. Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, ii. 16 (1859). Barsis'a {Santon), in the Guardian, the basis of the story called T/ie Monk, by M. G. Lewis (1796). Barston, alias captain Fenwicke, a Jesuit and secret correspondent of the countess of Derby. Sir W. Scott, Peverii of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Barthorome^w {Brother), guide of the two Philipsons on their way to Strasburg. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Oeier- stein (time, Edward IV.). Barthol'omew {St.). His day is August 24, and his symbol a knife, in allusion to the knife with which he is said to have been flayed alive. Bartholomew Massacre, the great slaughter of the French huguenots [/wo- testants'\ in the reign of Charles IX., begun on St. Bartholomew's Day, 1572. In this persecution we are told some 30,000 persons were massacred in cool blood. Some say more than double that number. Bartholome-w Pigs. Nares says these pigs were real animals roasted and sold piping hot in the Smithfield fair. Dr. Johnson thinks they Avere the "tidy boar-pigs " made of flour with currantb for their eyes. Falstaff calls himself A little tidy Bartholomew brar-pig. 2. Henry I V. act ii. sc. 4 (1598). Bartoldo, a rich old miser, who died of fear and want of sustenance. Fazio BARTOLE 81 BASIL. rifled his treasures, and at the accusation of his own wife was tried and executed. Dean Milman, Fazio (1815). Bartoldo, same as Bertoldo {q. v.). Bartoli (in French Barthole, better known, however, by the Latin form of the name, Jiavtolus) was the most famous master of the dialectical school of jurists (1313-1356). He was born at Sasso Fer- rata in Italy, and was professor of Civil Law at the University of Perugia. His reputation was at one time immense, and his works were quoted as authority in nearly every European court. Hence the French proverb, applied to a well-read lawyer, He knows his " Barthole" asioell as a Cordelier his " Dor mi" (an anony- mous compilation of sermons for the use of the Cordelier monks). Another com- mon French expression, Eesolu comme Barthole (" as decided as Barthole "), is a sort of punning allusion to his Resolu- tiones Bartoli, a work in which the knot- tiest questions are solved with ex cathe- dra peremptoriness. Bar'tolus, a coretous lawyer, hus- band of Amaran'ta. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Spanish Curate (1622). Barton (Sir Andrew), a Scotch sea- officer, who had obtained in 1511 letters of marque for himself and his two sons, to make reprisals upon the subjects of Portugal. The council-board of England, at which the earl of Surrey presided, was daily pestered by complaints from British merchants and sailors against Barton, and at last it was decided to put him down. Two ships were, therefore, placed under the commands of sir Thomas and sir Edward Howard, an engagement took place, and sir Andrew Barton was slain, bravely fighting. A ballad in two parts, called " Sir Andrew Barton," is inserted in Percy's lieliques, II. ii. 12. Baruch. Dites, done, avez-vous lu Barxichi Said when a person puts an unexpected question, or makes a startling proposal. It arose thus: Lafontaine went one day with Racine to tenebrce, and was given a Bible. He turned at random to the " Prayer of the Jews," in Baruch, and was so struck with it that he said aloud to Racine, " Dites, done, whc was this Baruch ? Why, do you know, man, he was a fine genius ; " and for some days afterwards the first question he asked his friends was, Ditcs, done, Mons., avez-vous lu Bariich ? Barzil'lai (3 syl.), the duke of Ormond, a friend and firm adherent of Charles II. As Barzillai assisted David when he was expelled by Absalom from his kingdom, so Ormond assisted Charles II. when he was in exile. Barzillai, crowned with honours and with years, . . , In exile with his god-lilce prince lie mourned, For him he suffered, and with him returned. Drydeu, Absalom and Achitophel, i. Basa-Andre, the wild woman, a sorceress, married to Basa-Jaun, a sort of vampire. Basa-Andre sometimes is a sort of land mermaid (a beautiful lady who sits in a cave combing her locks with a golden comb). She hates church bells. (See Basa-Jaun.) Basa-Jaun, a wood-sprite, married tc Basa-Andre, a sorceress. Both hated the sound of church bells. Three brother? and their sister agreed to serve him, but the wood-sprite used to suck blood from the finger of the girl, and the brothers resolved to kill him. This they accom- plished. The Basa-Andre induced the girl to put a tooth into each of the foot- baths of her brothers, and, lo ! they be- came oxen. The girl crossing a bridge saw Basa-Andre, and said if she did not restore her brothers she would put her into a red-hot oven, so Basa-Andre told the girl to give each brother three blov/a on the back with a hazel wand, .and on so doing they were restored to their proper forms. Rev.W. Webster, ^asgi^eZcJccjjiJsj 49 (1877). Bashful Man {Tlie), a comic drama by W. T. Moncrieff. Edward Blush- ington, a young man just come into a large fortune, is so bashful and shy that life is a misery to him. He dines at Friendly Hall, and makes all sorts of ridiculous blunders. His college chum, Frank Friendly, seods word to say that he and his sister Di'^ah, with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him at Blushington House. After a few glasses of wine, Edward loses his shyness, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of Dinah Friendly. Basil, the blacksmith of Grand Pre', in Acadia (now Nova Scotia), and father of Gabriel the betrothed of Evangeline. When the colony was driven into exile in 1713 by George II., Basil settled in Louisiana, and greatly prospered ; but his son led a wandering life, looking for Evangeline, and died in Pennsylvania of the plague. Longfellow, Evangeli'M BASILE. 82 BASTARD. Ba'sile (2 syl.), a calumniating, nig- gardly bigot in J^e Mariage de Figaro, and again in Le Barbier de Seville, both by Beaumarchais. "Basile" and"Tar- tuffe" are the two French incarnations of religious hypocrisy. The former is the clerical humbug, and the latter the lay religious hypocrite. Both deal largely in calumny, and trade in slander. Basil'ia, a hypothetical island in the northern ocean, famous for its amber. Mannert says it is the southern extremity of Sweden, erroneously called an island. It is an historical fact that the ancients drew their chief supply of amber from the shores of the Baltic. Basilis'co, a bully and a braggart, in Solyman and Perseda (1592). Shake- speare has made " Pistol " the counterpart of " Basilisco.'* Knight, knight, good mother, Basilisco-like. Shakespeare, King John, act i. sc. 1 (1596). (That is, " my boasting like Basilisco has made me a knight, good mother.") Bas'ilisk, supposed to kill with its gaze the person who looked on it. Thus Henry VI. says to Suffolk, '* Come, basilisk, and kill the innocent gazer with thy sight." Natus in ardente Lvdiae basiliscus arena, Vukierat aspectu, luniiulbusque nocet. Mantuanus. Basilius, a neighbour of Quiteria, whom he loved from childhood, but when grown up the father of the lady forbade him the house, and promised Quiteria in marriage to Camacho, the richest man of the vicinity. On their way to church they passed Basilius, who had fallen on his sword, and all thought he was at the point of death. He prayed Quiteria to marry him, "for his soul's peace," and as it was deemed a mere ceremony, they were married in due form. Up then started the wounded man, and showed that the stabbing was only a ruse, and the blood that of a sheep from the slaughter-house. Camacho gracefully accepted the defeat, and allowed the pre- parations for the general feast to proceed. Basilius is strong and active, pitches the bar ad- mirably, wrestles with amazing dexterity, and is an excellent cricketer. He runs like a buck, leaps like a wild goat, and plays at skittles like a wizard. Then he has a fine voice tor singing, he touches the guitar so as to make it speak, and handles a foil as well an any fencer In Spain, Cervantes, Don (Quixote, II. iL 4 (1615). Baskerville (A), an edition of the New Testament, or Latin classics, brought out by John Baskerrilie, a famous printer (1706-1776). Basrig or Bagsecg, a Scandinavian king, who with Halden or Halfdene (2 syl.) king of Denmark, in 871, made a descent on Wessex. In this year Ethel- red fought nine pitched battles with the Danes. The first was the battle of Engle- field, in Berkshire, lost by the Danes ; the next was the battle of Reading, won by the Danes ; the third was the famous battle of iEscesdun or Ashdune (now Ashton), lost by the Danes, and in which king Bagsecg was slain. And Ethelred with them [tJie Danes] nine sundry fji'21). When Kenelm or Cenhelm was mur- dered by the order of his sister Cwen- thryth, "at the verj' same hour a white dove flew to Rome, and, lighting on the high altar of St. Peter's, deposited there a Tetter containing a full account of the murder." So the pope sent men to ex- amine into the matter, and a chapel was built over the dead body, called "St. Kenelm's Chapel to this day " (Shrop- shire). Bire'no, the lover and subsequent husband of Olympia queen of Holland, He was taken prisoner by Cymosco king of Friza, but was released by Orlando. Bireno, having forsaken Olympia, was put to death by Oberto king of Ireland, who married the young widow. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, iv. v. (1516). Bire'no (Duke), heir to the crown of Lombardy. It was the king's wish he should marry Sophia, his only child, but the princess loved Pal'adore (3 syl.), a Briton. Bireno had a mistress named Alin'da, whom he induced to personate the princess, and in Paladore's presence she cast down a rope-ladder for the duke to climb up by. Bireno has Alinda murdered to prevent the deception being known, and accuses the princess of in- chastity a crime in Lombardy punished by death. As the princess is led to execution, Paladore challenges the duke, and kills him. The villainy is fully re- vealed, and the princess is married to the man of her choice, who had twice saved bei life. Robert Jephson, The Law of Lombardy (1779). Birmingliam of Belgium, Liege. Birmingham of Russia, Tula, south of Moscow. Birmingham Poet (The), Johu Freeth, the wit, poet, and publican, wliu wrote his own songs, set them to music, and sang them (1730-1808). Biron, a merry mad-cap young lord, in attendance on Ferdinand king of Navarre. Biron promised to spend three years with the king in study, during which time no woman was to approach his court ; but no sooner has he signed the compact, than he falls in love with Rosaline. Rosaline defers his suit for twelve months and a day, saying, " If you my favour mean to get, for twelve months seek the weary beds of people sick." A merrier man, Within the limit of becoming mirth, 1 never spent an hour's talk withal. His eye begets occasion for his wit: For every object that the one doth cateh, The other turns to a mirth-moving jest ; Whicli his fair tongue (conceit's expositoi) Delivers in such apt and gracious words, Tliat aged ears play truant at his tales. And younger hearings are quite ravished. Shakespeare, Love's Labour t Lost, act ii. so. 1 (1594). Biron {Charles de Gontaut duo dc)^ greatly beloved by Henri IV. of France. He won immortal laurels at the battles of Arques and Ivry, and at the sieges of Paris and Rouen. The king loaded him with honours : he was admiral of France, marshal, governor of Bourgoyne, duke and peer of France. This "too-much honour made him forget himself, and he entered into a league with Spain and Savoy against his country. The plot was discovered by Lafin ; and although Henri wished to pardon him, he was executed (1G02, aged 40). George Chap- man has made him the subject of two tragedies, entitled Byron's Conspiracy and Byron's Tragedy (1557-1634). Biron, eldest son of count Baldwin, who disinherited him for marrj'ing Isa- bella, a nun. Biron now entered the army and was sent to the siege of Candy, where he fell, and it was supposed died. After the lapse of seven j^ears, Isabella, reduced to abject poverty, married Villeroy (2 syl.), but the day after her espousals Biron returned ; whereupon Isabella went mad and killed herself. Thomas Southern, Isabella or the Fatal Marriage. During the ftbsence of the elder M.aj;ready, his son took the part of " Biron" in ItabeUa, Tlie fatlier was shocked, because he desired his son for the Church ; but Mrs. Sid- dcns remarked to him, "In the Church your son will live and die a curate on ^50 a year, but if successful, the stage will bring him in a thousand." Donaldson, SecoU lections. BIRON. 109 BLACK AGNES. Biron {Harriet), the object of sir Charles Grandison's affections. One wnuld prefer Dulctnea del Toboso to Miss Biron vis (lorn as Grajidison becomes acquainted witli the amiable, do'lcate, virtuous, unfortunate Clementina. Epil. of the yiiit. on the Story of Uabib and DorathU-gosue. Birth.. It was lord Thurlow who called high birth "the accident of an accident." Birtha, the motherless daughter and only child of As'tragon the Lombard philosopher. In spring she gathered blossoms for her father's still, in autumn berries, and in summer flowers. She fell in love with duke Gondibert, whose wounds she assisted her father to heal. Birtha, "in love unpractised and unread," is the beau-ideal of innocence and purity of mind. Gondibert had just plighted his love to her when he was summoned to court, for king Aribert had proclaimed him his successor and future son-in-law. Gondibert assured Birtha he would remain true to her, and gave her an emerald ring which he told her would lose its lustre if he proved untrue. Here the tale breaks off, and as it was never finished the sequel is not known. Sir W. Davenant, Gondibert (died 1668). Bise, a wind prevalent in those valleys of Savoy which open to the sea. It especially affects the nervous system. Biser'ta, formerly called U'tica, in Africa. The Saracens passed from Biserta to Spain, and Charlemagne in 800 undertook a war against the Spanish Saracens. The Spanish historians assert that he was routed at Fontarabia (a strong town in Biscay) ; but the French maintain that he was victorious, although they allow that the rear of his army was cut to pieces. Or whom Biserta sent from Afric shore. When Charlemain with all ; By Fontarabia. Milton, ParadUe lost. 1. 585 (1665). Bisliop. Burnt milk is called by Tusser "milk that the bishop doth ban." Tyndale says when milk or porridge is burnt "We sayethe bishope hath put his fote in the potte," and explains it thus, "the Wshopes burn whom they lust." Bishops. The seven who refused to read the declaration of indulgence published by James II. and were by him imprisoned for recusancj', were arch- bishop Sancroft (Canterburi/), bishops Dovd (St. Asaph), Turner (Ely), Kew (Bath and Wells), White (Peterborough), Lake {Chichester)^ Trelawney (Bristol). Being tried, they were all aco'iitted (June, 1688). Bishop Middleham, who was always declaiming against ardent drinks, and advocating water as a beverage, killed himself by secret intoxication. Bisto'nians, the Thracians, so called from Biston (son of Mars), who built Bisto'nia on lake Bis'tonis. So the Bistonian race, a maddening train. Exult and revel on the Thracian plain. Pitt's Statim, M. Bit'elas (3 syL), sister of Fairlimb, and daughter of RukiMiaw the ape, in the beast-epic called Reynard the Fox (1498). Bi'ting Remark (A). Near'chos ordered Ze'no the philosopher to be pounded to death in a mortar. When lie had been pounded some time, he told Nearchos he had an important com- munication to make to him, but as the tyrant bent over the mortar to hear what he had to say, Zeno bit off his ear. Hence the proverb, A remark more biting tlian Zends. Bit'tlebrains (Lord), friend of sir William Ashton, lord-keeper of Scot- land. Lady Bittlebrains, wife of the above lord. Sir W. Scott, Bride of Lamm^r- moor (time, William III.). Bit'zer, light porter in Bounderby's bank at Coketown. He was educated at M'Choakumchild's " practical school," and became a general spy and informer. Bitzer finds out the robbery of the bank, and discovers the perpetrator to be Tom Gradgrind (son of Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.), informs against him, and gets promoted to his place. C. Dickens, Hard Times (1854). Bizarre \Be.zar''\, the friend of. Orian'a, for ever coquetting and sparring with Duretete \_Dure.tait'], and placing him in awkward predicaments. G. Far- quhar. The Lnconstant (1702). Miss Farreu's last performances were " Bizarre," March 26, 1797, and "lady Tojizle" on the 'iSth. Memoirs of Elizabeth Countess of Derby (1829). Black Ag'nes, the countess of March, noted for her defence of Dunbar during the war which Edward III. main- tained in Scotland (1333-1338). She kept a stir in tower and trench. That brawling, boist'rous Scottish wench. Came I early, came I late, I found Black Agnes at the gate. Sir Walter Scott aays : " The countew ws called ' BUcIr BLACK AGNES. 110 BLACK PRINCE. Agnes ' from her complexion. She was the daughter of I Tlionias Randolph, earl of Murray." Taie* of a Grand- I Jacher, i. 14. (See BLACK Pkince.) | Black Ag'nes, the favourite palfrey of Mary queen of Scots. Black Bartholoinew, the day when 2000 presbyterian pastors were ejected. They had no alternative but to subscribe to the articles of uniformity or renounce their livings. Amongst their number were Calamy, Baxter, and Rey- nolds, who were offered bishoprics, but refused the offer. Black Bess, the famous mare of Dick Turpin, which carried him from London to York. Black Cliarlie, sir Charles Napier (1786-1860). Black Clergy (The), monks, in contradistinction to The White Clergy, or parish priests, in Russia. Black Colin Campbell, general Campbell, in the army of George III., introduced by sir W. Scott in Redgauntlet. Black Death, fully described by Hecker, a German physician. It was a ])utrid typhus, and was called Black Death because the bodies turned black with rapid putrification. See Cu7'nhill, May, 1865. In 1348-9, at least half of the entire population of England died. Thus 57,000 out of 60,000 died in Norwich ; 7000 out of 10,000 died in Yarmouth ; 17 out of 21 of the clergy of York ; 2,500,000 out of 5,000,000 of the entire population. Between 1347 and 1350, one-fourth of all the population of the world was carried off by this pestilence. Not less than 25,000,000 perished in Europe alone, while in Asia and Africa the mortality was even greater. It came from China, where fifteen years pre- viously it carried off 5,000,000. In Venice the aristocratic, died 100,000 ; in Florence the refined, 60,000 ; in Paris the gay, 60,000 ; in London the wealthy, 100,000 ; in Avignon, a number wholly beyond calculation. N.B. This form of pestilence never occurred a second time. Black Douglas, William Douglas, lora of Nithsdale, who died 1390. He was tall, strong, and well made, of a swarthy com- plexion, with dark iiair, from which he was cadled "The Black Douglas.*' Sir Walter Scott, Talet qf a Grarid- father, xL Black Dwarf {The), of sir Walter Scott, is meant for David Ritchie, whose cottage was and still is on Manor AV ater, in the county of Peebles. Black-eyed Susan, one of Dibdin'a sea-songs. Black Flag {A) was displayed by Tamerlane when a besieged city refused to surrender, meaning that "mercy is now past, and the city is devoted to utter destruction." Black George, the gamekeej-er in Fielding's novel, called The Histo'-y of lorn Jones, a Foundling (1750). Black George, George Petrowitpch of Servia, a brigand : called by the Turks Kara George, from the terror he in- spired. Black Horse (The), the 7th Dragoon Guards (not the 7th Dragoons). So called because their facings (or collar and cuffs) are black velvet. Their plumes are black and white ; and at one time their horses were black, or at any rate dark. Black Jack, a large flagon. But oh, oh, oh ! his nose doth show How oft Black Jack to his lips doth go. Simon the Cellarer, Black Knight of the Black Lands (The), sir Reread. Called by Tennyson " Night" or "Nox." Hewasone of the four brothers who kept the passages of Castle Dangerous, and was overthrown by sir Gareth. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 126 (1470) ; Tennyson, Idylls (" Gareth and Lynette "). Black lord Clifford, John ninth lord Clifford, son of Thomas lord Clifford. Also called " The Butcher" (died 1461). Black Prince, Edward prince of Wales, son of Edward III. Froissart savs he was styled black " by terror of his arms" (c. 169). Similarlv, lord Clifford was called " The Black Lord Clifford " for I his cruelties (died 1461). George Petro- I witsch was called by the Turks " Black George " from the terror of his name. The countess of March was called " Black Agnes " from the terror of her deeds, and not (as sir W. Scott says) from her dark complexion. Similarly, "The Black Sea," or Axinus, as the Greeks once called it, received its name from the inhospitable character of the Scythians. The " Black Wind," or Sherki, is an easterly wind, so called by the Kurds, from its being such a terrible scourtce. BLACK RIVER. Ill BLADUD. Shirley falls into the general error : Our great third Edward . . . and his brave son . . . lu his black armour. dward the Black Prince, iv. 1 {1640). Black River or Atra'ra, of Africa, so called from the quantity of black earth brought down by it during the rains. TJiis earth is deposited on the surface of tne country in the overflow of the Nile, and hence the Atbara is regarded as the " dark mother of Egypt." Black Sea (The), once called by the Greeks Axlnus (" inhospitable "), either 1'ccause the Scythians on its coast were inhospitable, or because its waters were dangerous to navigation. It was after- wards called j&Mxi/ms ("hospitable") when the Greeks themselves became masters of it. The Turks called it Tke Black Sea, cither a return to the former name " Axinus," or from the abounding black rock. Black Thursday, the name given in the colony of Victoria, Australia, to Thursday, February 6, 1851, when the most terrible bush fire known in the annals of the colony occurred. It raged over an immense area. One writer in the newspapers of the time said that he rode at headlong speed for fifty miles, with fire raging on each side of his route. The heat was felt far out at sea, and many birds fell dead on the decks of coasting vessels. The destruction of animal life and farming stock in this conflagration was enormous. Blacks ( The), an Italian faction of the fourteenth century. The Guelphs of Florence were divided into the Blacks who wished to open their gates to Charles de Valois, and the WJiites who opposed him. Dante the poet was a "White," and as the " Blacks " were the pre- dominant party, he was exiled in 1302, and during his exile wrote his immortal poem, the Divina Commedia. Black'acre (Widow), a masculine, litigious, pettifogging, headstrong wo- man. Wycherly, The Plain Dealer (1677). Blackchester {Tlie countess of), Bister of lord Dalgamo. Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.). Blaekfriar's Bridge (London), was once called "Pitt's Bridge." This was the bridge built by R. Mylne in 1780, but the name never found favour with the general public. Blackguards (Victor Hugo says), soldiers condemned for some oifence in discipline to wear their red coats (which were lined with black) inside out. The French equivalent, he says, is Blaqneurs. L' Homme qui Bit, II. iii. 1. It is quite impossible to believe this to be the true derivation of the word. Other suggestions will be found in the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Blackless (Tomalin), a soldier in the guard of Richard Coeur de Lion. Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.). Blackmantle (Bernard), Charles MoUov Westmacott, author of The Emjlish Spy (1820). Black'pool (Stephen), a power-loom weaver in Bounderby's mill at Coketown. He had a knitted brow and pondering expression of face, was a man of the strictest integrity, refused to join the strike, and was turned out of the mill. When Tom Gradgrind robbed the bank of 150, he threw suspicion on Stephen Blackpool, and while Stephen was hasten- ing to Cokebum to vindicate himself he fell into a shaft, known as "the Hell Shaft," and, although rescued, died on a litter. Stephen Blackpool loved Rachael, one of the hands, but had already a drunken, worthless wife. C. Dickens, Hard Times (1854). Blacksmith (The Flemish), Qnentin Matsys, the Dutch painter (1460-1529). Blacksmith ( The Learned), Elihu Burritt, United States (1811- ). Blacksmith's Daughter (The), lock and key. Place it under the care of the blacksmith's daughter. C. Dickens, Tale of Two Citiei (1859). Blackwood's Magazine. The vignette on the wrapper of this magazine is meant for George Buchanan, the Scotch historian and poet (1506-1582). He is the representative of Scottish literature generally. The magazine originated in 1817 with William Blackwood of Edinburgh, pub- lisher. Blad'derskate (Lord) and lord Kaimes, the two judges in Peter Peeble's lawsuit. Sir W. Scott, Eedyauntlct (time, George HI.). Bla'dud, father of king Lear. Geof- frey of Monmouth says that Bladud, attempting to fly, fell on the temple of Apollo, and was dashed to pieces. Hence BLAIR. 112 BLATANT BEAST. vrhen Lear swears "By Apollo" he is reminded that Apollo was no friend of tiie king's (act i. sc. 1). Bladud, says the story, built Bath (once called Badon), and dedicated to Minerva the medicinal spring, which is called " Bladud's Well." Blair (Adam), the hero of a novel by J. G. Lockhart, entitled Adam Blair, a Story of Scottish Life (1794-1854). Blair {Father Clement), a Carthusian monk, confessor of Catherine Glover, "the fair maid of Perth." Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Blair {Rev. David), sir Richard Philips, author of The Universal Freceptor (181G), Mother's Question Book, etc. He issued books under a legion of false names. Blaise, a hermit, who baptized Merlin the enchanter. Blaise {St.), patron saint of wool- combers, because he was torn to pieces with iron combs. Blanche (1 syl.), one of the domestics of lady Eveline "the betrothed." Sir VV. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Blanche {La reine), the queen of France during the first six weeks of her widowhood. During this period of mourning she spent her time in a closed room, lit only by a wax taper, and was dressed wholly in white. Mary, the widow of Louis XII., was called La reine Blanche during her days of mourning, and is sometimes (but erroneously) so called afterwards. Blanche {Lady) makes a vow with lady Anne to die an old maid, and of course falls over head and ears in love with Thomas Blount, a jeweller's son, who enters the army and becomes a colonel. She is very handsome, ardent, brilliant, and fearless. S. Knowles, Old Maids (1841). Blanche 'fleur (2 syl.), the heroine of Boccaccio's prose romance called // Filopoco. Her lover " Flores" is Boccaccio himself, and " Blanchefleur '' was the daughter of king Robert. The story of Blanchefleur and Flores is substantially the same as that of Dor'igennnd Aurelius, by Chaucer, and that of " Diano'ra and Ansaldo," in the Becaineron. Bland'amoTir (Sir), a man of *' mickle might," who " bore great sway in arms and chivalry," but was both vainglorious and insolent. He attacked Brit'omart, but was discomfited by hel enchanted spear ; he next attacked sir Ferraugh, and having overcome him took from him the lady v/ho accompanied him, "the False Florimel." Spenser, i'UfiV^/ Queen, iv. 1 (1696). Blande'ville {Lady Emily\ a neighbour of the Waverley family, afterwards married to colonel Talbot. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George BlandTord, the father of Belin'da, who he promised sir William Bellmont should marry his son George. But Belinda was in love with Beverley, and George Bellmont with Clarissa (Beverley's sister). Ultimately matters arranged themselves, so that the lovers married according to their inclinations. A. Murphy, All in the Wrong (1761). Blan'diman, the faithful man-servant of the fair Bellisant, and her attendant after her divorce. Valentine and Orson. Blandi'na, wife of the churlish knight Turpin, who refused hospitality to sir Calepine and his lady Sere'na (canto 3). She had " the art of a suasive tongue," and most engaging manners, but " her words were only words, and all her tears were water" (canto 7). Spenser, FaHry Queen, iv. (1596). Blandish, a " practised parasite." His sister says to him, "May you find but half your own vanity in those you have to work on ! " (act i. 1). Miss Letitia Blandish, sister of the above, a fawning timeserv^er, who sponges on the wealthy. She especially toadies Miss Alscrip "the heiress," flattering her vanit}^, fostering her conceit, and encouraging her vulgar affectations. General Burgoyne, The Heiress (1781). Blane {Niell), town piper and pub- lican. Jenny Blane, his daughter. Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.). Bla'ney, a Avealthy heir, ruined by dissipation. Crab be. Borough. Blarney {Lady), one of the flash women introduced by squire Thornhill to the Primrose family. Goldsmith, Vicar of Wakefield (1765). Blas'phemous Balfour. Sir James Balfour, the Scottish judge, was so called from his apostacy (died 1583). Bla'tant Beast {The), the per- sonification of slander or publio J BLATHERS AND DUFF. 113 BLIND BEGGAR. opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled the monster, and dragged it to Faery-land, but it broke loose and regained its liberty. Subsequently sir Cal'idore (3 sijl.) went in quest of it. Spenser, Faery Queen, V. and vi. (1596). *^* "Mrs. Grundy" is the modem name of Spenser's " Blatant Beast." Blath'ers and Duff, detectives who investigate the burglary in which Bill hikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey Chick weed, who robbed himself of 327 guineas. C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Blat'ter^rowl (The Rev. Mr.), minister of Trotcosey, near Monkbarns. Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, Elizabeth). Bleeding-heart Yard (London). So called because it was the place where the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the dancing chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his claws. Dr. Mackay, Extraordinary Popular Delusions. Blefus'ca, an island inhabited by pigmies. It was situated north-east of Lilliput, from which it was parted by a channel 800 yards wide. Dean Swift, Gulliver's Travels (172G). " Blefusca" is France, and the inhabitants of the Lillipu- tian court, which forced Gulliver to Uike slielter tliere rather than have his eyes put out, is an indirect reproach upon that [*JcJof England, and a vindication of the flight of Ormond and Bolingbroke to ParU. Sir W. Scott. Blaise (1 syl.) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's period. Merlin told Blaise how king Arthur had sped at the great battle, and how the battle ended, and told him the names of every king and knight of worship that was there. And Bleise wrote the battle word for word as Merlin told him, how it began and by whom, and how it ended, and who had the worst. All the battles that were done in king Arthur's days. Merlin caused Bleise to write them. Also he caused him tx) write all the battles that every worthy knight did of king Arthur's court. Sir T. Malory, EUtory of Prince Arthur, 1. 15 (1470). Blem'myes (3 syl.), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head, but having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See Gaora.) Blemmvis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis pectorl affixis. Pliny. Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Ganges, sine cervice, oculos in humeris hahentes. Mela also refers to a people quibus capita et vultus in pectore tunt. Blenheim Spaniels. The Oxford electors are so called, because for many years they obediently supported any candi- date which the duke of Marlborough com- manded them to return. Lockhart broke through this custom by telling the people the fable of the Dog and the Wolf. The dog, it will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar, and the wolf said he preferred liberty. (The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of Marlborough in 1704.) Blet'son {Master Joshua), one of the three parliamentary commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge to the Lee family. Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time. Commonwealth). Bli'fil, a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled The History of Tcnn Jones, a Foundlin'i (1750). *^* Bliiil is the original of Sheridan's " Joseph Surface," in the School for Scandal {1111). Bligh {William), captain of the Bounty, so well known for the mutiny, headed bv Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790). Blimber {Dr.), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only ; but there was learning enough for ten times ten. "Mental green peas were produced at Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round." The doctor was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted ; but his great fault was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumijed to this strong mental pressure. Mrs. Blimber, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible collars and stiffest pos- sible cravats, which she deemed highly classical. Cornelia Blimber, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber "had no nonsense about her," but had grown "dry and sandy with working in the graves of dead languages." She mar- ried Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's usher. C. Dickens, Dombeu and Son (1846). Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green, Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Mont- I BLIND CHAPEL COURT. 114 BLOODS. fort slain, and liis son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's daughter dis- covered the young man, nursed him with care, and married him. The fruit of the marriage was " pretty Bessee, the beg- gar's daughter." Henry de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind beggar, to escape the vigilance of king Henry's spies. Dav produced, in 1659, a drama called The J^lind Beggar of Bethnal Green, and S. Knowles, in 1834, produced his amended drama on the same subject. There is [or was], in the Whitechapel Koad a public-house sign called the ]Jlind Beggar of Bethnal Green. History of Sign-boards. Blind Chapel Court (Mark Lane, London), is a corruption of Blanch Apple- [tonl. In the reign of Richard II. it was part of the manor of a knight named Appleton. Blind Emperor {The"), Ludovig III. of Germany (880, 890-934). Blind Harper {Tlw)^ John Parry, who died 1739. John Stanley, musician and composer, was blind from his birth (1713-1786). Blind Harry, a Scotch minstrel of the fifteenth century, blind from in- fimcy. His epic of Sir William Wallace runs to 11,861 lines. He was minstrel in the court of James IV. ^ Blind Mechanician {The). John Strong, a great mechanical genius, was blind from his birth. He died at Carlisle, aged 66 (1732-1798). Blind Poet {The), Luigi Groto, an Italian poet called // Cieco (1541-1585). John Milton (1608-1674). Homer is called The Blind Old Bard (fl. B.C. 960). Blind Traveller {The), lieutenant James Holman. He became blind at the a.ge of 25, but notwithstanding travelled round the world, and published an account of his travels (1787-1857). Blin'kinsop, a smuggler in Bed- gauntlet, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George III.). Blister, the apothecary, who says " Without physicians, no one could know whether he was well or ill." He courts Lucy by talking shop to her. Fielding, The Virgin Unmashcd. Blithe-Heait King {The). David is so called by Caedmon. Those lovely lyrics written by iiis hand Wliom Saxon Ccedmon calls "The EUthe-heart King." Longfellow, The Poet'* Tale (ref. Is to PscUm cxlviii. 9). Block {Martin), one of the committee of the Estates of Burgvmdy, who refuse supplies to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geier- stein (time, Edward IV.). Blok {Nikkei), the butcher, one of the insurgents at Liege. Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward (time, Edward IV.). Blondel de Nesle lNecl'\, the favourite trouvere or minstrel of Richard Coeur de Lion. He chanted the Bloody Vest in presence of queen Berengaria, the lovely Edith Plantagenet. Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.). Blon'dina, the mother of Fairstar and two boys at one birth. She was the wife of a king, but the queen-mother hated her, and taking away the three babes substituted three puppies. Ulti- mately her children were restored to her, and the queen-mother with her accom- plices were duly punished. Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fait-y Tales ("Princess Fair- star," 1682). Blood {Colonel Thomas), emissary of the duke of Buckingham (1628-1680), introduced by sir W. Scott in Beveril of the Beak, a novel (time, Charles II.). Blood-Bath (1520), a massacre of the Swedish nobles and leaders, which occurred three days after the coronation of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The victims were invited to attend the coronation, and were put to the sword, under the plea of being enemies of the true Church. In this massacre fell both the father and brother-in-law of Gustavus Vasa. The former was named Eric Johansson, and the latter Brahe (2 syL). This massacre reminds us of the " Bloody Wedding," or slaughter of huguenots during the marriage cere- monies of Henri of Navarre and Mar- garet of France, in 1572. Bloods {The Five): (1) The O'Neils of Ulster; (2) the O'Connors of Con- naught ; (3) the O'Briens of Thomond ; (4) the O'Lachlans of Meath ; and (5) the M'Murroughs of Leinster. These are the five principal septs or families of Ireland, and all not belonging to one of these five septs are accounted aliena or BLOODY. 115 BLOUNT. enemies, and could "neither sue nor be sued," even down to the reign of Eliza- beth. William Fitz-Roger, being arraigned (4th Edward 11.) for the murder of Roger de Cantilon, pleads that he was not guilty of felony, because his victim was not of "free blood," i.e. one of the "five bloods of Ireland." The plea is admitted by the jury to be good. Robertiis de Waley, tried at Waterford for slaying John M'Gilliniorry, in the time of Edward 11., confessed the fact, but pleaded that he could not tliereby have com- mitted felony, " because the deceased was a mere Irish- man, and not one of the five bloods." Sir John Davies. Bloody {The), Otho IL emperor of Germany (955, 973-983). Bloody-Bones, a bogie. As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford (i.e. sir Thomas lunsford, governor of the Tower, the dread of every one). S. BuUer, Uudibras. Bloody Brother {Tlie), a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1639). The " bloody brother " is Rollo duke of Nor- mandy, who kills his brother Otto and several other persons, but is himself killed ultimately by Hamond captain of the guard. Bloody Butcher {The), the duke of Cumberland, second son of George II. , so called from his barbarities in the sup- pression of the rebellion in favour of Charles Edward, the young pretender. " Black Clifford " was also called "The Butcher" for his cruelties (died 1461). Bloody Hand, Cathal, an ancestor of the O'Connors of Ireland. Bloody Mary, queen Mary of Eng- land, daughter of Henry VIII. and elder hilf -sister of queen Elizabeth. So called on account of the sanguinary persecutions carried on by her against the protestants. It is said that 200 persons were burnt to death in her short reign (1516, 1553- 1558). Bloody "Wedding {The), that of Henri of Navarre with Margaret, sister of Charles IX. of France. Catherine de Medicis invited all the chief protestant nobles to this wedding, but on the eve of the festival of St. Bartholomew (August 24, 1572), a general onslaught was made on all the protestants of Paris, and next day the same massacre was extended to the provinces. The number which fell in this wholesale slaughter has been esti- mated at between 30,000 and 70,000 per- sons of both sexes. Bloomfleld {Louisa), a young lady engaged to lord Totterly the beau of 60, but in love with Charles Danvers the embryo barrister. C. Selby, IVjg Un- finished Gentleman. Blount {Nicholas), afterwards knight- ed ; master of the horse to tlie earl of Sussex. Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth). Blount {Sir Frederick), a distant rela- tive of sir John Vesey. He had a great objection to the letter r, which he con- sidered "wough and wasping." He dressed to perfection, and though not " wich," prided himself on having the "best opewa-box, the best dogs, the best horses, and the best house" of any one. He liked Georgina Vesev, and as she had 10,000 he thought he should do himself no harm by " mawywing the girl." Lord L. Bulwer Lytton, Money (1840). Blount {Master), a wealthy jeweller of Ludgate Hill, London. An old- fashioned tradesman, not ashamed of his calling. He had two sons, John and Thomas ; the former was his favourite. Mistress Blount, his wife. A shrewd, discerning woman, who loved her son Thomas, and saw in him the elements of a rising man. John Blount, eldest son of the Ludgate jeweller. Being left successor to his father, he sold the goods and set up for a man of fashion and fortune. His vanity and snobbism were most gross. He had good-nature, but more cunning than dis- cretion, thought himself far-seeing, but was most easily duped. " The phaeton was built after my design, my lord," he says, "mayhap your lordship has seen it." "My taste is driving, my lord, mayhap 3'our lordship has seen me handle the ribbons." "My horses are all bloods, mayhap your lordship has noticed my team." " I pride myself on my seat in the saddle, mayhap your lordship has seen me ride." "If I am superlative in anything, 'tis in my wines." " So please your ladyship, 'tis dress I most excel in. . . . 'tis walking I pride myself in." No matter what is mentioned, 'tis the one thing he did or had better than any one else. This conceited fool was duped into believing a parcel of men-servants to be lords and dukes, and made love to a lady's maid, supposing her to be a countess. Thomas Blount, John's brother, and one of nature's gentlemen. He entered the army, became a colonel, and married BLOUZELINDA. 116 BLUE-GOWNS. lady Blanche. He is described as having *' a lofty forehead for princely thought to dwell in, eyes for love or war, a nose of Grecian mould with touch of Rome, a mouth like Cupid's bow, ambitious chin dimpled and knobbed." S. Knowles, Old Maids (184:1). Blouzelin'da or Blowzelinda, a shepherdess in love with Lobbin Clout, in The Shepherd's Week. My Blouzelinda is the blithest lass. Than primrose sweeter, or the clover-grass . , , My Bloiizellnd's than gilliflower more fair, Thau daisie, niarygold, or kingcuj) rare. Gay, rast(rral i. (1714). Sweet is my toil when Blowzelind is near. Of her bereft 'tis winter all the year . . . Come, Blowzelinda, ease thy swain's desire, My summer's shadow, and my winter's fire. Ditto. Blo"wer (Mrs. Margaret), the ship- owner's widow at the Spa. She marries Dr. Quackleben, "the man of medicine" (one of the managing committee at the Spa). Sir W. Scott, St. Eonan's Well (time, George III.). Blucher was nicknamed " Marshal Forw^ards " for his dash and readiness m the campaign of 1813. Blue (Dark), Oxford boat crew. (See Boat Colours.) Bltie (Light), Cambridge boat crew. (See Boat Colours.) Btiie ( Tme). When it is said that any- thing or person is Ti'ue blue or True as Coventry olue, the reference is to a blue cloth and blue thread made in Coventry, noted for its fast colour. Lincoln was no less famous for its green cloth and dye. True Blue has also reference to un- tainted aristocratic descent. This is de- rived from the Spanish notion that the really high bred have bluer blood than those of meaner race. Hence the French phrases. Sang bleu (" aristocratic blood "), Sang noir (" plebeian blood "), etc. Blue Beard (La Barbe Bleue)^ from the contes of (yharles Perrault (1697). The chevalier Raoul is a merciless tyrant, with a blue beard. His young wife is entrusted with all the keys of the castle, with strict injunctions on pain of death not to open one special room. During the absence of her lord the "forbidden fruit " is too tempting to be resisted, the door is opened, and the young wife finds the floor covered with the dead bodies of her husband's former wives. She drops the key in her terror, and can by no means obliterate from it the stain of blood. Blue Beard, on his return, com- mands her to prepare for death, but by the timely arrival of her brothers her life is saved and Blue Beard put to death. Dr. C. Taylor thinks Blue Beard is a type of the castle-lords in the days of knight-errantry. Some say Henry VIII. (the noted wife-killer) was the " academy figure." Others think it was Giles de Ketz, marquis de Laval, marshal of France in 1429, who (according to Me'ze- ray) murdered six of his seven wives, and was ultimately strangled in 1440. Another solution is that Blue Beard was count Conomar', and the young wife Triphy'na, daughter of count Guerech. Count Conomar was lieutenant of Brit- tany in the reign of Childebert. IM. Hippolyte Violeau assures us that in 1850, during 'the repairs of the chapel of St. Nicolas de Bieuzy, some ancient frescoes were discovered with scenes from the life of St. Triphyna: (1) The marriage; (2) the husband taking leave of his young wife and entrusting to her a key ; (3) a room with an open door, through Avhich are seen the corpses of sev^n women hanging ; (4) the husband threatening his wife, while another female [^sister Anne'\ is looking out of a window above ; (5) the husband has placed a halter round the neck of his victim, but the friends, accom- panied by St. Gildas, abbot of Rhuys in Brittany, arrive just in time to rescue the future saint. Pe'lerinagesde Bretagne. (Ludwig Tieck brought out a drama in Berlin, on the story of Blue Beard. The incident about the keys and the doors is similar to that mentioned by "The Third Calender" in the Arabian Nights. The forty princesses were absent for forty days, and gave king Agib the keys of the palace during their absence. He had leave to enter every room but one. His curiosity led him to open the forbidden chamber and mount a horse which he saw there. The horse carried him through the air far from the palace, and with a whisk of its tail knocked out his right eye. The same misfortune had befallen ten other princes, who warned him of the danger before he started.) Blue Flag (A) in the Roman empire was warning of danger. Livy speaks of it in his Annals. Blue-Gowns. privileged Scotch King's bedesmen, or mendicants, were so called from their dress. On the king's birthday each of these bedesmen had given to him a cloak of blue cloth, a BLUE HEN. 117 BOANERGES. penny for every year of the king's life, R loaf of bread', and a bottle of ale. No new member has been added since 1833. Blue Hen, a nickname for the state of Delaware, United States. The term arose thus : Captain Caldwell, an officer of the 1st Delaware Regjiment in the American War for Independence was very fond of game-cocks, but maintained that no cock was truly game unless its mother was a " blue hen." As he was exceed- ingly popular, his regiment was called "The Blue Hens," and the term was afterAvards transferred to the state and its inhabitants. Your mother was a blue hen, no doubt ; a reproof to a braggart, especially to one who boasts of his ancestry. Blue Knight {The), sir Persannt of India, called by Tennyson "IMorning Star " or " Phosphorus." He was one of the four brothers who kept the pas- gages of Castle Perilous, and was over- thrown by sir Gareth. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 131 (1470) ; Tennyson, Idylls (" Gareth and Ly- nctte*"'). *^* It is evidently a blunder in Tenny- son to call tlie Blue Knight " Morning Star," and the Green Knight " Evening Star." The reverse is correct, and in the old romance the combat with the Green Knight was at day-break, and with the Blue Knight at sunset. Blue Moon. Once in a blue moon, vdTy rarely indeed. The expression re- sembles that of "the Greek Kalends,' which means " never," because there were no Greek Kalends. Blue Roses. The blue flower of the German romantic poets represented the ideal and unattainable what Words- worth calls "the light that never was on sea or land" and Alphonse Karr, fol- lowing in the wake of the Germans, gives the name of Rosen Blerts to all impos- sible wishes and desires. Blue-Skin, Joseph Blake, an Eng- lish burglar, so called from his complex- ion. He was executed in 1723. Bluff' (Captain Nod), a swaggering bully and boaster. He says, "I think that fighting for fighting's "sake is suffi- cient cause for fighting. Fighting, to me, is religion and the laws." " You must know, sir, I was resident in Flanders the List campaign . . . there was scarce anything of moment done, but a humble servant of yours . . . had the greatest share iu't. . . . Well, wcnid you think it, in all this time . . . that rascally Gazette never so much as once mentioned me I Not once, by the warsl Took no more notice of Noll Bluff than if he had not been in th and of the living." Congreve, The Old Uadtelvr (193). Bluff Hal or Bluff Harky, Henry Vlll. (1491, 1509-1547). Ere yet in scorn of Peter's pQnce, And numbered bead and shrift, Bluff Hall he broke into the speuce [a larder], And turned the cowls adrift. Tennyson. Blunder. The bold but disastrous charge of the British Light Brigade at Balacla'va is attributed to a blunder ; even Tennyson says of it, "Some one hath blundered," but Thomas Woolncr, with less reserve, says : A general M.iy blunder troops to death, yea, and receive His senate's vote of thanks. ify Beautiful Lady. Blun'derbore (3 syl.), the giant who was drowned because Jack scuttled his boat. Jack the Giant-killer. Blunt {Colonel), a bnisque royalist, who vows " he'd woo no woman," but falls in love with Arbella an heiress, woos and wins her. T. Knight, who has converted this comedy into a farce, with the title of Honest lliieves, calls colonel Blunt "captain Manly." Hon. sir R. Howard, The Committee (1670). Blunt {Major-General), an old cavalry officer, rough in speech, but brave, honest, and a true patriot. Shadwell, The Volunteers. Blushington {Edicard), a bashful young gentleman of 25, sent as a poor scholar to Cambridge, without any expectations, but by the death of his father and uncle left all at once as " rich as a nabob." At college he was called " the sensitive plant of Brazenose," be- cause he was always blushing. He dines by invitation at Friendly Hall, and com- mits ceaseless blunders. Next day his college chum, Frank Friendh^, writes word that he and his sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him. After a few glasses of wine, he loses his bashful modesty, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of the prettv Miss Dinah Friendly, W. T. Moncrieff, The Bashful Man. Bo or Bo?i, says Warton, was a fierce Gotliic chief, whose name was used to frighten children. Boaner'ges (4 syl.), a declamatory pet parson, who anathematizes all except his own "elect." "He preaches real rousing-up discourses, but sits down BOAF. 118 BOBADIL. pleasantly to his tea, and makes hisself friendly." Mrs. Oliphant, Salem Chapel. A jirotestant Boanerges, visiting Birmingliam, sent an invitation to Dr. Newman to dispute publicly witli liim 111 tlio Town Hall. E. Yatea, Celebi-ities, xxix. *^* Boanerges or "sons of thunder" is the name given by Jesus Christ to James and John, because they wanted to call down fire from heaven to consume the Samaritans. Luke ix. 54. Boar (The), Richard III., so called from his cognizance. The bri'tletl boar, In infant gore. Wallows beneatli the thorny shade. Gray, Tlie Bard (1757). In contempt Richard III. is called The Hog, hence the popular distich : Tlie Cat, the Rat, and Lovell the dog, liule all England under the Hog (" The Cat" is Catesby, and "the Rat " Ratcliffe.) Boar {The Blue). This public-house sign (Westminster) is the badge of the Veres earls of Oxford. The Blue Boar Lane (St. Nicholas, Leicester) is so named from the cog- nizance of Richard III., because he slept there the night before the battle of Bos- worth Field. Boar of Ardennes {The Wild),'m French LvC Sanrjlier des Ardennes (2 sy/.), was Guillaume comte de la Marck, so called because he was as fierce as the wild boar he delighted to hunt. The character is introduced by sir W. Scott in Quentm Lurward, under the name of " William count of la Marck." Boar's Head {The). This tavern, immortalized by Shakespeare, stood in Eastcheap (London) on the site of the present statue of William IV. It was the cognizance of the Gordons, who adopted it because one of their progenitors slew, in the forest of Huntley, a wild boar, the terror of all the Merse (1093). Boat Colours. The Camhridge Crew: Cams, light blue and black ; Catherine's, blue and white ; Christ's, common blue ; Clare, black and golden yellow ; Corpus, cherry colour and white ; Downing, chocolate ; Emmarxiiel, cherry colour and dark blue ; Jesus, red and black ; John's^ bright red and white ; King's, violet ; Magdelen, indigo and lavender ; Pe?nbroke, claret and French grey ; Feterhouse, dark blue and white ; Queen's, green and white ; Sgdney, red and blue ; Trinitg, dark blue ; Trinitg Hall, black and white. Oxford Crew : Alban's {St.), blue, with arrow-head ; Baliol, pink, white, blue, Avhite, pink ; Brazenose, black, and gold edges ; Christ Church, blue, with red cardinal's hat; Corpus, red, with blue stripe; Ediaond's {St.), red, and yellow edges ; Exeter, black, and red edges ; Jesus, green, and white edges ; John's, yellow, black, red ; Lincoln, blue, with mitre ; Magdelen, black and white ; Mary's {St. ),^h.\t,Q, black, white ; Merton, blue, with white edges and red cross ; New College, three pink and two Avhite stripes ; Oriel, blue and white ; Pe^n- broke, pink, white, pink ; Queen's, red, white, blue, white, blue, white, red ; Trinity, blue, with double dragon's head, 3'ellow and green, or blue with white edges ; University, blue, and yellow edges ; Wadham, light blue ; Worcester, blue, white, pink, white, blue. Boaz and Jachin, two brazen pillars set up by Solomon at the entrance of the temple built by him. Boaz, which means "strength," was on the left hand, and Jachin, which means "stability," on the right. 1 A'm/7S vii. 21. (The names of these two pillars are adopted in the craft called " Free Masonry.") Bob'adil, an ignorant, clever, shallow bully, thoroughly cowardly, but thought by his dupes to be an amazing hero. He lodged with Cob (the water-carrier) and his wife Tib. Master Stephen was greatly struck with his "jdainty oaths," such as "By the foot of Pharaoh!" "Body of CaBsar!" "As I am a gentle- man and a soldier ! " His device to save the expense of a standing army is in- imitable for its conceit and absurdity : "I would select 19 more to myself throughout the land ; gentlemen they should be, of a good spirit and able con- stitution. I would choose them by an instinct, . . . and 1 would teach them the special rules . . . til! chey could play [fence] very near as well as myself. This aone, say the enemy were 40,000 strong, we 20 would . . . chal- lenge 20 of the enemy ; . . . kill them ; challenge 20 more, kill them ; 20 more, kill them too ; . . . every man his 10 a day, that's 10 score ... 200 a day ; five days, a thousand ; 40,000, 40 times 5, 200 days ; kill them all." Ben Jonson, Every Man in Hit Uainour, iv. 7 (1598). Since his [ITpnry Woodxeard, 1717-1777] time the part of "Bob.i(Iil" has never been justly performed. It may be said to have died with him. Dr. Doran. The name was probably suggested by Bobadilla first governor of Cuba, who superseded Columbus sent home in chains on a most frivolous charge. Similar characters are "Metamore" and " Scaramouch " (Molicre) ; " Parolles " BODACH GLAY. 119 BOISTERER. and "Pistol" (Shakespeare) ; " Bessus " (Beaumont and Fletcher). (See also lUsiMSCO, BOUOUGHCLIFK, CAPTAIN BuAZEK, Captain Noll Blufk, Sir Petkonel Flash, Sacripant, Vincent [>E la Rose, etc.) Bodach Glay or "Grey Spectre," a house demon of the Scotch, similar to the Irish banshee. Boe'raond, the Christian king of Antioch, who tried to teach his subjects arts, law, and religion. He is of the Norman race, Roge'ro's brother, and son of Roberto Guiscar'do. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (1575). Boeo'tian Ears, ears unable to ap- preciate music and rhetoric. Boeotia was laughed at by the Athenians for the dul- ness and stupidity of its inhabitants. "This Is having taste and sentiment. Well, friend, I assure thee tliou hast not got Bceotian ears" ibecaiue he praised certain extracts read to him by an author\ tesagc. an Bias, vU. 3 (1715). Boeuf (Front de), a gigantic ferocious follower of prince John. Sir W. Scott, Jvanhoe (time, Richard I.). Boffin (Nicodemus), " the golden dustman," foreman of old John Harmon, dustman and miser. He was " a broad, round-shouldered, one-sided old fellow, whose face was of the rhinoceros build, with over-lapping ears." A kind, shrewd man was Mr. Boffin, devoted to his wife, whom he greatly admired. Being residuary legatee of John Harmon, dust- man, he came in for 100,000. After- wards, John Harmon, the son, being discovered, Mr. Boffin surrendered the property to him, and lived with him. Mrs. Boffin, wife of Mr. N. Boffin, and daughter of a cat's-meat man. She was a fat, smiling, good-tempered creature, the servant of old John Harmon, dust- man and miser, and very kind to the miser's son (young John Harmon). After Mr. Boffin came into his fortune she became "a high flyer at fashion," Avore black velvet and sable, but retained her kindness of heart and love for her hus- band. She was devoted to Bella Wilfer, who ultimately became the wife of young John Harmon, alias Rokesmith. C. Dickens, Our Mutual Friend (1864). Bo'gio, one of the allies of Charle- magne. He promised his wife to return within six months, but was slain by Dardinello. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Bogle Swindle {Tlie), a gigantic swindling scheme, concocted at Paris ty fourteen sharpers, who expected to clear by it at least a million sterling. This SAvindle was exposed by O'Reilly in the Times newspaper, and the corporation of London thanked the proprietora of that journal for their public services. Bo'gUS, sham, forged, fraudulent, as ho(]us currency, bogus transactions; said to be a corruption of Borghese, a swindler, who supplied the North American States with counterfeit bills, bills on fictitious banks, and sham mortgages. Boston Daily Courier. Some think the word a corruption of [Hocus'\ Focus, and say that it refers to the German " Hocus Pocus Imperatus, wer nicht sieht ist blind." The cor- responding French term is Basse muscade. Bohe'mia, any locality frequented by journalists, artists, actors, opera-singers, spouters, and other similar characters. Bohemian (A), a gipsy, from the French notion that the first gipsies came from Bohemia. A Literary Bohemian, an author of desultory works and irregular life. Never was there an editor with less about liiin of the literary Buheuiian. Fortnightly Jieview {" Postoii Letters "). Bohemian Literature, desultory reading. A Bohemian Life, an irregular, wander- ing, restless way of living, like that of a gipsy. Bo'hemond, prince of Antioch, a crusader. Sir W. Scott, Cou7it Robert of Paris (time, Rufus). Bois'gelin {The young countess de), introduced in the ball given by king Rene at Aix. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). Bois-Guilbert (Sir Brian de), a preceptor of the Knights Temp'ars. Ivanhoe vanquishes him in a tournament. He offers insult to Rebecca, and she threatens to cast herself from the battle- ments if he touches her. When the castle is set on fire by the sibyl, sir Brian carries off Rebecca from the flames. The Grand-Master of the Knights Templars charges Rebecca with sorcery, and she demands a trial by combat. Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert is appointed to sustain the charge against her, and Ivanhoe is her champion. Sir Brian being found dead in the lists, Rebecca is declared innocent. Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard L). Boisterer, one BOLD BEAUCHAMF. 120 BOMBASTES FURIOSO. ants of Fortu'nio. His gift vrtis that he could overturn a wind-mill with his breath, and even wreck a man-of-war. FortAinIo asked him what he was doing. " I am blow- ing a little, sir,*' answered he, "to set those mills at work." " But," st^id the knight, " you seem too far off." " On the contrary," replied the blower, "I am too near, for if 1 did not restrain my bre.ath I should blow the mills over, and i)erhaps the hill too on wiiich they stand." Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales ("Fortunio," 1G82). Bold Beauchamp [Beech'-am], a proverbial phrase similar to "an Achilles," "a Hector," etc. The reference is to Thomas de Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, who, with one squire and six archers, overthrew a hundred armed men at Hogges, in Normandy, in 1346. So had we still of ours, in Fwnce that famous were, Warwick, of England then high-constable that was, ... So hardy, great, and strong. That after of that name it to an ad.-xge grew, If any man himself adventurous happed to shew, *' Bold Beauchamp " men him termed, if none so bold as he. Drayton, Polj/olblon, xviii. (1613). Bold Stroke for a Husband, a comedy by Mrs. Cowley. There are two plots : one a bold stroke to get the man of one's choice for a husband, and the other a bold stroke to keep a husband. Olivia de Zuniga fixed her heart on Julio de Messina, and refused or disgusted all Buitors till he came forward. Donna Victoria, in order to keep a husband, disguised herself in man's apparel, as- sumed the name of Florio, and made love as a man to her husband's mistress. She contrived by an artifice to get back an estate which don Carlos had made over to his mistress, and thus saved her hus- band from ruin (1782). Bold Stroke for a Wife. Old Lovely at death left his daughter Anne 30,000, but with this proviso, that she was to forfeit the money if she married without the consent of her guardians. Now, her guardians were four in number, and their characters so widel}' dif- ferent that "they never agreed on any one thing." They were sir Philip Mode- love, an old beau ; Mr. Peri-winkle, a silly virtuoso ; Mr. Tradelove, a broker on 'Change ; and Mr. Obadiah Prim, a hypo- critical quaker. Colonel Feignwell con- trived to flatter all the guardians to the top of their bent, and won the heiress. Mrs. Centlivre (1717). Bol'ga, the southern parts of Ireland, so called from the Fir-bolg or Belgae of r>ritain who settled there. Bolg means a "quiver," and Fir-bolg means "bowmen." The chiefs of Bolga crowd round the shield of generous Cathmor. Ossian, Temora, ii. Bolster, a famous Wrath, who com- pelled St. Agnes to gather up the boulders which infested his territory. She carried three apronfuls to the top of a hill, hence called St. Agnes' Beacon. (See Wkath's Hole.) Bol'ton (Stawarth), an English ofl!icer in The Mo7iastery, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Elizabeth). Bolton Ass. This creature is said to have chcAved tobacco and taken snuif. Dr. Doran. Bomba (Jung), a nickname given to Ferdinand H. of Naples, in consequence of his cruel bombardment of Messi'na in 1848. His son, who bombarded Palermo in 1860, is called Bombali'nio (" Little Bomba "). A young Sicilian, too. was there . . . [Wtio] being rebellious to his liege. After Palermo's fatal siege, Across the western seas he fled In good king Bomba's happy reign. Longfellow, The Wayside Inn (prelude). Bombardin'ian, general of the forces of king Chrononhotonthologoa. He invites the king to his tent, and gives him hashed pork. The king strikes him, and calls him traitor. " Traitor, in thy teeth," replies the general. They fight, and the king is killed. H. Carey, Chronon- hotontholo(jos (a burlesque). Bombastes Furioso, general of Artaxam'inous (king of Utopia). He is plighted to Distaffi'na, but Artax- aminous promises her " half-a-crown " if she will forsake the general for himself. "This bright reward of ever-daring minds " is irresistible. When Bombastes sees himself flouted, he goes mad, and hangs his boots on a tree, with this label duly displayed : Who dares this pair of boots displace. Must meet Bombaites face to face. The king, coming up, cuts down the boots, and Bombastes "kills him." Fusbos, seeing the king fallen, " kills " the gene- ral ; but at the close of the farce the dead men rise one by one, and join the dance, promising, if the audience likes, " to die again to-morrow." W. B. Rhodes, Bombastes Furioso. ''^,'^ 'ihis farce is a travesty of Orlando Furioso, and " Distaffina" is Angelica, be- Invod by Orlando, whom slie flouted for Medoroa young Moor. On this Orlando went mad, and hune up his armour on a tree, with this distich attached thereto : Orlando's arms let none displace. But such who'll meet him face to face. BOMBASTES FURIOSO. 121 BONNIVARD. In the Rehearsal, by the duke of Buck- ingham, Baycs' troops are killed, every man of them, by Drawcansir, but revive, and " go off on their legs." See the translation of Don Quixote, by C. H. Wilmot, Esq., ii. 363 (1764). Bombastes Furioso (77ie French), capi- taine Fracasse. The'ophile Gautier. Bombas'tus, the family name of Paracelsus. He is said to have kept a small devil prisoner in the pommel of his word. Bombastus kept a devil's bird Shut in tlie pommel of hi sword, That taught him all the cunnitig pranks Of past and future mountebanks. S. Butler, JIudibrai, 11. 3. Bo'naparte's Cancer. Napoleon suffered from an internal cancer. I . . . would much rather have a sound digestion Than Buonaparte's cancer. Byron, Don Jttan, ix. 14 (1821); Bonas'sus, an imaginary wild beast, which the Ettrick shepherd encountered. (The Ettrick shepherd was James Hogg, the Scotch poet.) Nodes Arnbrosianos (No. xlviii., April, 1830). Bounaventu're (Father), a disguise assumed for the nonce by the chevalier Charles Edward, the pretender. Sir W. Scott, Redgauntlet (time, George III.). Bondu'ca or Boadice'a, wife of Praesu'tagus king of the Ice'ni. For the better security of his family, Praesutagus made the emperor of Rome coheir with his daughters ; whereupon the Roman officers took possession of his palace, gave up the princesses to the licentious brutality of the Roman soldiers, and scourged the queen in public. Bonduca, roused to vengeance, assembled an army, burnt the Roman colonies of London, Colchester [Cama/oc?MW(m], Verulam, etc., and slew above 80,000 Romans. Sub- sequently, Sueto'nius Paulinus defeated the Britons, and Bonduca poisoned herself, A.D. 61. John Fletcher wrote a tragedy entitled Bonduca (1647). Bone-setter (The), Sarah Mapp (died 1736). Bo'ney, a familiar contraction of Bo'naparte (3 syl.), used by the English in the early part of the nineteenth cen- tury by way of depreciation. Thus Thorn. Moore speaks of "the infidel Boney." Bonhomme (/ac^ws), a peasant who interferes with politics ; hence the peasants' rebellion of 1358 was called La Jacquerie. The words may be rendered "Jimmy" or "Jhonny Goodfellow." Bon'iface {St.), an Anglo-Saxon whose name was Winifrid or Winfrith, born in Devonshire. He was made arch- bishop of Mayence by pope Gregory III., and is called " The Apostle of the Germans." St. Boniface was murdered in Friesland by some peasants, and his day is June 6 (680-755). ... in FriesLind first St. Boniface our best. Who of the see of Mentz, while then* he sat possessed. At Dockum had his death, by faithless Frisians slain. Drayton, PolyoJhion, xxiv. (1622). Bon'iface {Father), ex-abbot of Kenna- quhair. He first appears under the name of Blinkhoodie in the character of gardener at Kinross, and afterwards as the old gardener at Dundrennan. (Kennaquhair, that is, " I know not where.") Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). Bon'iface {The abbot), successor of the abbot Ingelram, as Superior of St. Mary's Convent. Sir W. Scott, 'The Monastery (time, Elizabeth). Bon'iface, landlord of the inn at Lich- field, in league with the highwaymen. This sleek, jolly publican is fond of the cant phrase, " as the saying is." Thus, " Does your master stay in town, as the saying is ? " "So well, as the saying is, I could wish we had more of them." " I'm old Will Boniface ; pretty well known upon this road, as the saying is." He had lived at Lichfield " man and boy above eight and fifty years, and not con- sumed eight and fifty ounces of meat." He says : ' I have fed purely upon ale. I have eat my ale, drank my ale, and I alw.iys sleep upon my ale." George Farqu- har. The Beaux' Stratagem, I. 1 (1707). Bonne E-eine, Claude de France, daughter of Louia XII. and wife of Francois I. (1499-1524). Bonnet {Je parle a mon), "I am talking to myself." Ilarpaijon. A qui tu parle ? La Piece. Je parle /i mon bonnet. Molidre, L'Avare, t. 3 (1667). Bonnet Rouge, a red republican, so called from the red cap of liberty which he wore, Bonnivard {Fran^nis de), the pris- oner of Chillon. In Byron's poem he was one of six brothers, five of whom died violent deaths. The father and two sons died on the battle-field ; one was burnt at the stake ; three were imprisoned in the dungeon of Chillon, near the lake of Geneva. Two of the three died, and BONSTETTIN. 122 BORAX. Francois was set at liberty by Henri the Beamais. They were incarcerated by the duke-bishop of Savoy for republican principles (1496-1670). Bonstet'tin (Nicholas), the old deputy of Schwitz, and one of the depu- ties of the Swiss confederacy to Charles duke of Burgundy. Sir W.' Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). Bon'temps (Jioger), the personi- fication of that buoyant spirit which is always "inclined to hope rather than fear," and in the very midnight of dis- tress is ready to exclaim, " There's a good time coming, wait a little longer." The character is the creation of Be'ranger. Vous, pauvres pleins d'envie, Vous, riches ddsireux ; Vous, dont !e char ddvie Aprds un cours heureux ; Vous, qui perdrez peut-etre Des litres dclatans, Xh gai I prenez pour maltre Le gros Koger Bontemps. Stranger (1814). Bon'tliron (Anthony), one of Ra- momy's followers ; employed to murder Smith, the lover of Catherine Glover ("the fair maid of Perth"), but he mur- dered Oliver instead, by mistake. When charged with the crime, he demanded a trial by combat, and being defeated by Smith, confessed his guilt and was hanged. JTe was restored to life, but being again apprehended was executed. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of I'erth (time, Henry IV.). Bon Ton, a farce by Garrick. Its design is to show the evil effects of the introduction of foreign morals and foreign manners. Lord Minikin neglects his wife, and flirts with Miss Tittup. Lnrly Mini- kin hates her husband, and tlirts with colonel Tivy. Miss Tittup is engaged to the colonel.' Sir John Trotley, who does not understand bon ton, thinks this sort of flirtation verj' objectionable. " You'll excuse me, for such old-fashioned notions, lam sure" (1760). Boo'by (Lady), a vulgar upstart, who tries to seduce her footman, Joseph Andrews. Parson Adams reproves her for laughing in church. Lady Booby is a caricature of Richardson's "PamSla." Fielding, Joseph Andrews (1742). Boone (1 syL), colonel [afterwards "general"] Daniel Boone, in the United States' service, was one of the earliest settlers in Kentucky, where he signalized himself by many daring exploits against Che Red Indians (1736-1820). Of all men, saving Sylla the man-slayer . . . The general Boon, the back-woodsman of KentuckTi Was happiest amongst mortals anywhere, etc. Byron, Dvn Juan, viii. 61-65 (1821). Booshalloch (Neil), cowherd to Ian Eachin M'lan, chief of the clan Quhele. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Boo'tes (3 syl.), Areas son of Jupiter and Calisto. One day his mother, in the semblance of a bear, met him, and Areas was on the point of killing it, when Jupiter, to prevent the murder, converted him into a constellation, either Bootes or Ursa Major. Pausanias, Itinerary of Greece, viii. 4. Doth not Orion worthily deserve A higher place . . . Than frail Boi5ts, who was placed above Only because the gods did else foresee He should the murderer of his mother be? Lord Brooke, Of JfobUitif. Booth, husband of Amelia. Said to be a drawing of the author's own character and experiences. He has all the vices of Tom Jones, with an additional share of meanness. Fielding, Amelia (1751). Boracli'io, a follower of don John of Aragon. He is a great villain, en- gaged to Margaret, the waiting-woman of Hero. Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing (1600). Borach'io, a drunkard. (Spanish, bor- racho, " drunk ;" 6orracAt^7o, "atippler.")^ " Why, you stink of wine ! D'ye think my niece will ever endure such a borachio ? You're an absolute Borachio." W. Ck)ngreve, The Way of the World (1700). Borachio (Joseph), landlord of the Eagle hotel, in Salamanca. Jephson, Two Strings to your Bow (1792). Bor'ak (Al), the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the seventh heaven. The word means " lightning." Al Borak had the face of a man, but the cheeks of a horse ; its eyes were like jacinths, but brilliant as the stars ; it had eagle's wings, glistened all over with radiant light, and it spoke with a human voice. This was one of the ten animals (not of the race of man) received into paradise. (See Animals, etc.) Borak was a fine-limbed, high-standing horse, strong In frame, and with a coat as glossy as marble. His colour was saffron, witli one hair of gold for every three of tawny ; his ears were restless and pointed like a reed ; his eyes large and full of fire ; his nostrils wide and steaming ; he had a white star on his forehead, a neck gracefully arched, a mane soft and silky, and a thick tail tliat swept the ground. Cro9Mmitajwe, ii. 9. Borax, Nosa, or Crapon'dinus, a stone extracted from a toad. It is the antidote of poison. Mirror of Stones. . , , the toad, ugly and venomous. Wears yet a precious jewel in his head. Shakespeare, ai You Like It, act ii, gc 1 (1600). BORDER MINSTREL. 123 BORS. Border Minstrel (The)^ sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). My steps the Border Minstrel led. W. Wordsworth, rarrow Revisited. Border States (of North America) : Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Ken- tucky, and Missouri. So called because they bordered upon the line of Free States and Slave-holding States. The term is now an anachronism. Bore (1 syl.), a tidal wave. The largest are those of the Ganges (espe- cially the Hooghly branch), Brahmaputra, and Indus. In Great Britain, the Severn, the Trent, the Wye, the Sohvay, the Dee in Cheshire, the Clyde, Dornoch Frith, and the Lune. That of the Trent is called the '* heygre." Bo'reas, the north wind. He lived in a cave on mount Haemus, in Thrace. Cease, rude Boreas, blustering railer. G. A. Stephens, The Shipwreck. Bor'gi.a {Lucrezia di), duchess of Fer- ra'ra, wife of don Alfonso. Her natural son Genna'ro was brought up by a fisher- man in Naples, but when he grew to manhood a stranger gave him a paper from his mother, announcing to him that he was of noble blood, but concealing his name and family. He saved the life of Orsi'ni in the battle of Rim'ini, and they became sworn friends. In Venice he was introduced to a party of nobles, all of whom had some tale to tell against Lu- crezia: Orsini told him she had murdered her brother ; Vitelli, that she had caused his uncle to be slain ; Liverotto, that she had poisoned his uncle Appia'no ; Gazella, that she had caused one of his relatives to be drowned in the Tiber. Indignant at these acts of wickedness, Gennaro struck olE the B from the escutcheon of the duke'a palace at Ferrara, changing the name Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia prayed the duke to put to death the man who had thus insulted their noble house, and Gen- naro was condemned to death by poison. Lucrezia, to save him, gave him an anti- dote, and let him out of prison by a secret door. Soon after his liberation the princess Negroni, a friend of the Borgias, gave a grand supper, to which Gennaro and his companions were invited. At the close of the banquet they were all arrested by Lucrezia, after having drunk poisoned wine. Gennaro was told he was the son of Lucrezia, and died. Lucrezia no sooner savr him die than she died also. Doni- zetti, Lucrezia di Borgia (an opera, 1835). Boroslne (3 syl.)^ a malicious coun- sellor of the great-duke of Moscovia. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1618). Borough (The), in ten-syllable verse with rhymes, in twenty-four letters, is by George Crabbe (1810). Bor'oughclifF (Captain), a vulgar Yankee, boastful, conceited, and slangy. "I guess," "I reckon," "I calculate," are used indifferently by him, and he perpetually appeals to sergeant Drill to confirm his boastful assertions : as, " I'm a pretty considerable favourite with the ladies; am't I, sergeant Drill?" "My character for valour is pretty well known ; isn't it, sergeant Drill?" "If you once saw me in battle, you'd never forget it ; would he, sergeant Drill ? " " I'm a sort of a kind of a nonentity; am't I, sergeant Drill ? " etc. He is made the butt of Long Tom Coffin. Colonel Howard wishes him to marry his niece Katharine, but the young lady has given her heart to lieutenant Barnstable, who turns out to be the colonel's son, and succeeds at last in marrying the lady of his affection, E. Fitzball, The Filot. Borre (1 syl.), natural son of king Arthur, and one of the knights of the Round Table. His mother was Lyo- nors, an earl's daughter, who came to do homage to the young king. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 15 (1470). *#* Sir Bors de Ganis is quite another person, and so is king Bors of Gaul. Borrioboo'la Gha, m Africa. (See Jellyby, Mrs.) Borro'meo (Charles), cardinal and archbishop of Milan. Immortalized by his self-devotion in ministering at Mil'aa to the plague-stricken (1538-1584). St. Roche, who died 1327, devoted himself in a similar manner to ttiose stricken with the plague at Piacenza ; and Mompesson to the people of Eyam. In 1720-22 H. Francis Xavier de Belsunce was indefatigable in ministering to the plague-stricken of Marseilles. Borrowing. Who goeth a-borrowing, goeth a-sorrowing. T. tusser, Five Hun- dred Points of Good Husbandry, xv 8 and again xlii. 6 (1557). Bors (King) of Gaul, brother of king Ban of Benwicke [? Brittany]. They went to the aid of prince Arthur when he was first established on the British throne, and Arthur promised in return to BORS. 124 BOTHWELL. aid them against king Claudas, "a mighty man of men," who warred against them. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur (1470). There are two brethren beyond the sea, and they kings both . . . the one hight king Ban of Benwicke, and the other hight king Bors of Gaul, that is, France. Pt. i. 8. (Sir Bors was of Ganis, that is, Wales, and was a knight of the Round Table. So also was Borre (natural son of prince Arthur), also called sir Bors sometimes.) Bors (Sir), called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionell and nephew of sir Launcelot. " For all women was he a virgin, save for one, the daughter of king Brandeg'oris, on whom he had a child, hight Elaine ; save for her, sir Bors was a clean maid " (eh. iv.). When he went to Corbin, and saw Galahad the son of sir Launcelot and Elaine (daughter of king Pelles), he prayed that the child might prove as good a knight as his father, and instantly a vision of the holy greal was vouchsafed him ; for There came a white dove, bearing a little censer of gold in her bill . - . and a maiden that bear the Snncgreall, and she said, " Wit ye well, sir Bors, that this child . . . shall achieve the Sancgreall "... then they kneeled down . . . and there was such a savour as all the spicery in tlie world had been there. And when the dove took her flight, the maiden vanished away with the Sancgreall. Pt. iii. -l Sir Bors was with sir Galahad and sir Percival when the consecrated wafer assumed the visible and bodily appearance of the Saviour. And this is what is meant by achieving the holy greal ; for when they partook of the wafer their eyes saw the Saviour enter it. Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, iii. 101, 102 (1470). N.B. This sir Bors must not be con- founded with sir Borre, a natural son of king Arthur and Lyonors (daughter of th^ earl Sanam, pt. i. 15), nor yet with king Bors of Gaul, i.e. France (pt. i. 8). Bortell, the bull, in the beast-epic called Jieynard the Fox (1498). Bos'can-[Almoga'va], a Spanish poet of Barcelona (1500-1543). His poems are generally bound up with those of Garcilasso. They introduced the Italian style into Castilian poetry. Sometimes he turned to gaze upon his book, Boscau, or Garcilasso. Byron, Don Juan, i. 95 (1819). Bosmi'lia, daughter of Fingal king of Morven (north-west coast of Scotland). Ossian. Boss, of Arthurian legend, is Boscastle, in Cornwall, on the Bristol Channel. Bude is also in Cornwall, on the Bristol Channel. When the longwave broke All down the thundering shores of Bude and Boss. Tennyson, Jdylli of the King. Bossu (Be'ne'le), French scholar and critic (1631-1680). And for the epic poem wour lordship bade me look at, upon taking the length, breadth, height, and depUi ot it, and trying them at home upon an exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every one of its dimensions. Sterne (1768). (I think Sterne means the Abbe' Bossut, the mathematician. His critic tried the book on its "length, breadth, and depth ;" or perhaps he wishes to confound the two authors.) Bossut (Abb^ Charles), a celebrated mathematician (1730-1814). (Sir Richard Phillips assumed a host of popular names, amongst others that of M. CAUjc Bossut in several educational works in French.) Bosta'na, one of the two daughters of the old man who entrapped prince Assad in order to offer him in sacrifice on "the fiery mountain." His other daughter was named Cava'ma. The old man enjoined these two daughters to scourge the prince daily with the bas- tinado and feed him with bread and water till the day of sacrifice arrived. After a time, the heart of Bostana soft- ened towards her captive, and she re- leased him. Whereupon his brother Amgiad, out of gratitude, made her his wife, and became in time king of the city in which he was already vizier. Arabian Nights ("Amgiad and Assad"). Bostock, a coxcomb, cracked on the point of aristocracy and family birth. His one and only inquiry is " How many quarterings has a person got ? " Descent from the nobility with him covers a multitude of sins, and a man is no one, whatever his personal merit, Avho " is not a sprig of the nobility " James Shirley, The Ball (1642). Bot'any (Father of English), W. Turner, M.D. (1620-1568). J. P. de Tournef ort is called 17ie Father of Botany (1066-1708). *^* Antony de Jussieu lived 1686- 1758, and his brother Bernard 1699-1777. Both. well (Sergeant), alias Francis Stewart, in the royal army. Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.). Bothwell (Lady), sister of lady Forester, BOTTLED BEER. 125 BOUNTY. Sir Geoffrey Bothtoell, the husband of lady Bothwell. Mrs. Margaret Bothwelly in the intro- duction of the story. Aunt Margaret proposed to use Mrs. Margaret's tomb- stone for her own. Sir W. Scott, Aunt Margaret's Mirror (time, William III.). Bottled Beer, Alexander Nowell, author of a celebrated Latin catechism which first appeared in 1570, under the title of Chrtbtiance pietatis prima Insti- tutio, ad usum Scliolarum Latine Scripta. In loGO he was promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's (1507-1602). Fuller, Worthies of England (" Lancashire"). Bottom (Nick), an Athenian weaver, a compound of profound ignorance and unbounded conceit, not without good nature and a fair dash of mother-wit. When the play of Piramus and Thisbe is cast, Bottom covets every part ; the lion, Thisbe, Pyramus, all have charms for him. In order to punish Titan'ia, the fairy-king made her dote on Bottom, on whom Puck had placed an ass's head. Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream. When Goldsmith, jealous of the attention which a dancing monkey attracted in a coffee-house, said, " I can do that aa well," and was about to attempt it, he was but playing "Bottom." K. G. White. Bottomless Pit (The), a ludicrous sobriquet of William Pitt, who was re- markably thin (1759-1806). Boubekir' Muez'in, of Bagdad, " a vain, proud, and envious iman, who hated the rich because he him- self was poor." When prince Zeyn Alasnam came to the city, he told the people to beware of him, for probablj' he was "some thief who had made himself rich by plunder." The prince's attendant called on him, put into his hand a purse of gold, and requested the honour of his acquaintance. Next day, after morning prayers, the iman said to the people, " I find, my brethren, that the stranger who is come to Bagdad is a* young prince jjossessed of a thousand virtues, and worthy the love of all men. Let us pro- tect him, and rejoice that he has come among us." Arabian Nights ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam "). Bouchard (Sir), a knight of Flan- ders, of most honourable descent. He mairied Constance, daughter of Bertulphe provost of Bruges. In 1127 Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law that a serf was always a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a serf. Now, Bertulphe's father was Thancmar's serf, and Bertulphe, who had raised himself to wealth and great honour, ' was reduced to serfdom because his father was not manumitted. By the same law Bouchard, although a knight of royai blood, became Thancmar's serf because he married Constance, the daughter of Bertulphe (provost of Bruges). The result of this absurd law was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then himself, Constance went mad and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each other in fight, and all Bruges was thrown into confusion > S. Knowles, The Provost of Prwies (1836). Bought "Wit is Dear. Wisdom gained by experience is dearly bought. G. Gascoigne, Magnum Vectigal, etc. (died 1577). Bou'illon (Godfrey duke of), a crusader (1058-1100), introduced in Count Robert of Paris, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Rufus). Bounce (Mr. T.), a nickname given in 1837 to T. Barnes, editor of the Timca (or the Turnabout, as it was called). Bound'erby (Josiah), of Coketown, banker and mill-owner, the "Bully of Humility," a big, loud man, with an iron stare and metallic laugh. Mr. Bounderby is the son of Mrs. Pegler, an old woman, to whom he pays 30 a year to keep out of sight, and in a boasting way he pre- tends that "he was dra^jged up from the gutter to become a millionaire." Mr. Bounderby marries Louisa, daughter of his neighbour and friend, Thomas Grad- grind, Esq., M.P. C. Dickens, Ifard Times (1854). Bountiful (Lady), widow of sir Charles Bountiful. Her delight was curing the parish sick and relieving the indigent. My lady Bountiful Is one of the best of women. Her late husband, sir Charles Bountiful, left her with jEIOOO a year ; and- I believe she- lays out one-half on't in charitable uses for the good of htir neighbours. In short, she has cured more people iif and about Lichfield within ten years than the doctors have killed in twenty ; and that's a bold word. George Farqubar, The Beaux' Strata- gem, i. 1 (1705). Bounty (Mutiny of the), in 1790, headed by Fletcher Christian. The mutineers finally settled in Pitcaim Island (Polynesian Archipelago). In 1808 all the mutineers were dead except one (Alexander Smith), who had changed his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch of the colony, which was taken under the protection of the British Government in 1839. Lord Byron, in BOUSTRAPA. 126 BOYS. The Island^ has made the "mutiny of the Bounty " the basis of his tale, but the facts are greatly distorted. Bous'trapa, a nickname given to Napoleon III. It is compounded of the first syllables of ^oM[logne], Stra- [sbourg], Pa [ris], and alludes to his escapades in 1840, 1836, 1851 {coup d'etat). No man ever lived who was dis- tinguished by more nicknames than Louis Napoleon. Besides the one above men- tioned, he was called Badinguet, Man of December, Man of Sedan, Ratipol, Ver~ huel, etc. ; and after his escape from the fortress of Ham he went by the pseudonym of count Arenenberg. Bow Church (London). Stow gives two derivations : (1) He says it was so called because it was the first church in London built on arches. This is the derivation most usually accepted. (2) He says also it took its name from certain stone arches supporting a lantern on the top of the tower. Bower of Bliss, a garden belonging to the enchantress Armi'da. It abounded in everything that could contribute to earthly pleasure. Here Rinal'do spent some time in love-passages with Armi'da, but he ultimately broke from the enchan- tress and rejoined the war. Tasso, Jeru- salem Delivered (1575). Bower of Bliss, the residence of the witch Acras'ia, a beautiful and most fascinating woman. This lovely garden was situated on a floating island filled with everything which could conduce to enchant the senses, and "wrap the spirit in forgetfulness." Spenser, Faery Queen, ii. 12 (1590). Bowkit, in T?ie Son-in-Law. In the scene where Cranky declines to accept Bowkit as son-in-law on account of his ugliness, John Edwin, who was playing " Bowkit " at the Haymarket, uttered in a tone of surprise, " Ugly t " and then advancing to the lamps, said with infinite impertinence, "1 submit to the decision of the British public which is the ugliest fellow of us three : I, old Cranky, or that gentleman there in the front row of the t)alcony boxVComhill Magazine (1867). Bowley (Sir Joseph), M.P., who facetiously called himself "the poor man's friend." His secretary is Fish. C. Dickens, The Chimes (1844). Bowling (Lieutenant Tom), an ad- mirable naval character in Smollett's Roderick Random, Dibdin wrote a naval song in m^moriam of Tom Bowling, be- ginning thus : Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling, Tbo darling of the crew . . . Bowyer (Master), usher of the black rod in the court of aueen Elizabeth. Sir W. Scott, Kenilwortn (time, Elizabeth). Bowzybe'us (4 syl.), the drunkard, noted for his songs in Gay's pastorals, called The Shepherd's Week. He sang of " Nature's Laws," of " Fairs and Shows," "The Children in the Wood," "Chevy Chase," "Taflfey Welsh," "Rosamond's Bower," " Lilly-bullero,' etc. The 6th pastoral is in imitation of Virgil's 6th Eel. , and Bowzybeus is a vulgarized Silenus. That Bowzybeus, who with Jocund tongue. Ballads, and roundelays, and catches sung. Gay, Pastoral, vi. (1714). Box and Cox, a dramatic romance, by J. M. Morton, the principal characters of which are Box and Cox. Boy Bachelor (The), William Wot- ton, D.D., admitted at St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, before he was ten, and to his degree of B. A. when he was twelve and a half (1666-1726). Boy Bishop (T/ie), St. Nicholas, the patron saint of boys (fourth century). (There was also an ancient custom of choosing a boy from the cathedral choir on St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) as a mock bishop. This boy possessed certain privileges, and if he died during the year was buried in pontificalibus. The custom was abolished by Henry VIII. In Salis- bury Cathedral visitors are shown a small sarcophagus, which the verger says was made for a boy bishop.) Boy; Crucified. It is said that some time during the dark ages, a boy named Werner was impiously crucified at Bacharach on the Rhine, by the Jews. A little chapel erected to the memory of this boy stands on the walls of the town, close to the river. Hugh of Lincoln and William of Norwich are instances of a similar story. See how its currents gleam and shine . . . As if the grapes were stained with the blood Of the innocent boy who, some years back. Was taken and crucified by the Jews In that ancient town of Bacharach. Longfellow, The Golden Legend. Boys (sea-term) has no reference to age, but only to experience ; a boy may be 60 or any other age. A crew is divided into (1) able seamen or seamen, (2) ordinary seamen, (iJ) boys or green- horns. When a person enters himself &8 a boy, he is not required to know anything about the practical working of the vessel, but able seamen and ordinary seamen BOYET. 127 BRADWARDINE. must possess a certain amount of expe- rience. There is a sea axiom, A "boy" does not ship to know anythincj, that is, when a person accepts the office of "boy" on board ship, he does not profess to know anything of his duty, not even the names of the ropes, or the distinction between stem and stem. Boyet', one of the lords attending on the princess of France. Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost (1594). Boythorn {Laurence), a robust gentleman with the voice of a Stentor, and a friend of Mr. Jarndyce. He would utter the most ferocious sentiments, while at the same time he fondled a pet canary on his finger. Once on a time he had been in love with Miss Barbary, lady Dedlock's sister. But " the good old times all times when old are good were gone." C. Dickens, Bleak House (1853). ("Laurence Boythorn" is a photo- graph of W. S. Landor; as "Harold Skimpole," in the same story, is drawn from Leigh Hunt.) Boz, Charles Dickens. It was the nickname of a pet brother dubbed Moses, in honour of "Moses Primrose" in the Vicar of Wakefield. Children called the name Bozes, which got shortened into Boz (1812-1870). Who the dickens "Boz" could be Puzzled many a learned elf ; But time, revealed the mystery, And " Boz " appeared as Dickens' self. Epigram on the Oarthuiian. Bozzy, James Boswell, the gossipy biographer of Dr. Johnson (1740-1795). Braban'tio, a senator of Venice, father of Desdemo'na ; most proud, arrogant, and overbearing. He thought the "insolence" of Othello in marrying his daughter unpardonable, and that Desdemona must have been drugged with love-potions so to demean herself. Shakespeare, Othello (1611). Brac'cio, commissary of the republic of Florence, emploj'ed in picking up every item of scandal he could find against Lu'ria the noble Moor, who com- manded the army of Florence against the Pisans. The Florentines hoped to find sufficient cause of blame to lessen or wholly cancel their obligations to the Moor, but even Braccio was obliged to confess "This Moor hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so clear in bis great office, that his virtues would plead like angels, trumpet-tongued," against the council which should censure him. Robert Browning, Luria. Brac'idas and Am'idas, the two sons of Mile'sio, the former in love with the wealthy Philtra, and the latter with the dowerless Lucy. Their father at death left each of his sons an island of equal size and value, but the sea daily encroached on that of the elder brother and added to the island of Amidas. The rich Philtra now forsook Bracidas for the richer brother, and Lucy, seeing herself forsaken, jumped into the sea. A floating' chest attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island, where Bracidas received her kindly The chest was found to contain property of great value, and Lucy gave it to Bracidas, together with herself, "the better of them both." Amidas and Philtra claimed the chest as their right, and the dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. Sir Artegal decided that whereas Amidas claimed as his own all the additions which the sea had given to his island, so Lucy might claim as her own the chest which the sea had given into her hands. Spenser, Faiiry Qmen. v. 4 (1596). Bracy {Sir Maurice de), a follower of prince John. He sues the lady Rowen'a to become his bride, and threateurf to kill both Cedric and Ivanhoe if she refuses. The interview is intercepted, and at the close of the novel Rowena marries Ivanhoe. Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard L). Brad'amant, daughter of Amon and Beitrice, sister of Rinaldo, and niece of Charlemagne. She was called the Virgin Knij/ht. Her armour was white, and her Slume white. She loved Roge'ro the loor, but refused to marry him till he was baptized. Her marriage with great pomp and Rogero's victory over Rodo- mont, form the subject of the last book of Orlando Furioso. Bradamant possessed an irresistible spear, which unhorsed any knight with a touch. Britomart had a similar spear. Bojardo, Orlando Inna- morato (1495) ; Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). BradTboume {Mistress Lilias), waiting-woman of lady Avenel (2 syl.), at Avenel Castle. Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). Bradwardine {Como Cosmyne), baron of Bradwardine and of Tullj BRADY. 128 BRAMBLE. Veolan. He is very pedantic, but brave and gallant. Hose Bradwardine, his daugliter, the heroine of the novel, which concludes with her marriage with Waverley, and the restoration of the manor-house of Tnlly Veolan. Malcolm Bradwardine of Inchgrabbit, a relation of the old baron. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.). Brady (Martha), a young " Irish widow," 23 years of age, and in love with William Whittle. She was the daughter of sir Patrick O'Neale. Old Thomas Whittle, the uncle, a man of 63, wanted to oust his nephew in her aif ec- tions, for he thought her " so modest, so mild, so tender-hearted, so resen-ed, 80 domestic. Her voice was so sweet, with just a soup on age, or the age of hardware and railroads. Brazen Head. The first on record is one which Silvester II. (Gerbert) pos- sessed. It told him he would be pope, and not die till he had sung mass at Jeru- salem. When pope he was stricken with his death-sickness while performing mass in a church called Jerusalem (999-1003). The next we hear of was made bv Rob. Grosseteste (1175-1253). The third was the famous brazen head of Albertus Magnus, which coat him thirty years' labour, and was broken to pieces by his disciple Thomas Aqui'naa (1193-1280). The fourth was that of friar Bacon, which used to say, *' Time is, time was, BRAZEN HEAD. 181 BRETWALDA. time comes." Byron refers to it in the lines : Like friar Bacon's brazen head, I've spoken, "Time is, time was, time's past [?]" Don Juan, i. 217 (1819). Another was made by the marquis of Vilena of Spain (1384-1434). And a sixth by a Polander, a disciple of Escotillo an Italian. Brazen Head (The), a gigantic head kept in the castle of the giant Fer'ragus of Portugal. It was omniscient, and told those who consulted it Avhatever they desired to know, past, present, or future. Valentine and Orson. Bread Street (London), was the bread-market in the time of Edward I. Here Milton was born. Breaking a Stick is part of the marriage ceremony of the American Indians, as breaking a glass is still part of the marriage ceremony of the Jews. Lady Augusta Hamilton, Marriage liites, etc., 292, 298. In one of Raphael's pictures we see an unsuccessful suitor of the virgin Mary breaking his stick, and this alludes to the legend that the several suitors of the " virgin " were each to bring an almond stick which was to be laid up in the sanc- tuary over night, and the owner of the stick which budded was to be accounted the suitor God ordained, and thus Joseph became her husband. B. H. Cowper, Apocryphal Gospel ("Pseudo-Matthew's Gospel," 40, 41). In Florence is a picture in which the rejected suitors break their sticks on the back of Joseph. Breathes there a man . . . Breatlies there a man with soul so dead, Wlio never to himself hath said, " This is my own, my native land " ? Sir W. Scott, Lay of the Lout Mimtrel, vi. 1 (1806). Bree'an, a mjiiiical king of Wales. He had twenty-four daughters by one wife. These daughters, for their beauty and purity, were changed into rivers, all of which flow into the Severn. Breck- nockshire, according to fable, is called after this king. (See next art.) Brecan was a prince once fortunate and great (Who dying lent his name to that hig nobie seat). With twice twelve daughters blest, by one and only wife. They, for their beauties rare and sanctity of life, Jd rivers were transformed ; whose pureness doth declare How excellent they were by being what they are . . . . . [the]/} to Severn shape their course. M. Drayton, i'Qlgoibion, Iv. (1612), Brec'han (Prince)^ lather of St. Cadock and St. Canock, the former a martyr and the latter a confessor. Then Cadock, next to whom comes Canock, both which were Prince Brechan's sons, who gave the name to Brecknock shire ; The first a martyr made, a confessor the other. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiv. (1622). Breck (Alison), an old fishwife, friend of the Mucklebackits. Sir W. Scott, I'he Antiquary (time, George III.). Breck (Angus), a follower of Rob Roy M'Gregor, the outlaw. Sir W. Scott, Bob Boy (time, George I.). Bren'da [Troil], daughter of Magnus Troil and sister of Minna. Sir W. Scott, T/ie Pirate (time, William III.). Breng'wain, the confidante of Ts'olde (2 syl.) wife of sir Mark king of Corn- wall. Isolde was criminally attached to her nephew sir Tristram, and Brengwain assisted the queen in her intrigues. Breng'wain, wife of Gwenwvn prince of Powys-land. Sir W. Scott, The Be- trothed (time, Henry II.). Brenta'no (A), one of inconceivable folly. The Brentanos, Clemens and hig sister Bettina, are remarkable in Ger- man literary annals for the wild and extravagant character of their genius. Bettina's work, Gothe'a Correspondence with a Child (1835), is a pure fabrication of her own. AJ the point where the folly of others ceases, that oC the Brentanos begins. Herman Proverb. Brentford (The two kings of). In the duke of Buckingham's farce called The Behearsal (1671), the two kings of Brentford enter hand-in-hand, dance to- gether, sing together, walk arm-in-arm, and to heighten the absurdity the actors represent them as smelling at the same nosegay (act ii. 2). Bres'an, a small island upon the very point of Cornwall. Upon the utmost end Of Cornwall's furrowing beak, Wliere Besan from the land The tilting waves doth break. M. Drayton, I'olyolbion, i. (1612). Breton. Entete' comme le Breton. French proverbial expression. Bret'walda, the over-king of the Saxon rulers, established in England during the heptarchy. In Germany the over-king was called emperor. ' The bretwalda had no power in the civil affairs of the under-kings, but in times of war or danger formed an important centre. BllEWER OF GHENT. 132 BRIDGE OF SIGHS. Brewer of Q-hent {The), James I van Artevelde, a great patriot. His son Philip fell in the battle of Rosbecq (fourteenth century). Brla'na, the lady of a castle who demanded for toll "the locks of every lady and the beard of every knight that passed." This toll was established be- cause sir Crudor, with whom she was in love, refused to marr^' her till she had j)rovided him with human hair sufficient ? to " purfle a mantle" with. Sir Crudor, ; having been overthrown in knightly combat by sir Calidore, who refused to give "the passage pay," is made to release Briana from the condition im- posed on her, and Briana swears to dis- continue the discourteous toll. Spenser, Fmry Qwen, vi. 1 (1596). Bri'anor (Sir), a knight overthrown by the "Salvage Knight," whose name was sir Artegal. Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 5 (1696). Briar 'eos (4 syL), usually called Briareus [Bri'.a.rtice'], the giant with a hundred hands. Hence Dryden says, " And Briareus, with all his hundred hands" (Virgil, vi.) ; but Milton writes the name Briar^os (Paradise Lost, i. 199). Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came. Whom gods Briareos, men .Pigeon name. Pope's Iliad, i. Bri'areus (Bold), Handel (1685- 1757). Bri'areus of Languages, cardinal Mezzofanti, who was familiar with fifty- eight different languages. Bvron calls him " a walking polyglot " (1774-1849). Bribo'ci, inhabitants of Berkshire and the adjacent counties. Caesar, Com- mentaries. Brick (Jefferson), a very weak, pale young man, the war correspondent of the New York Rowdy Journal, of which colonel Diver, was editor. C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844). Bride-Catching. It is a common Asiatic custom for the bridegroom to give chase to the bride, either on foot, horseback, or in canoes. If the bride- groom catches the fugitve, he claims her as his bride, otherwise the match is broken off. The classical tales of Hippom'enes and Atalanta will instantly recur to the reader's memory. A girl is first mounted, and rides off at full speed. Her lover pursues, and if he overtakes lier she becomes his wife. No Kalmuck girl is ever caught unless she choosea to be so. Dr. Clarke In Turcomania the maiden carries a lamb and kid, which must be taken from her in the chase. In Singa* pore the chase is made in canoes. Cameron. Bride of Aby'dos (TAe), Zulei'ka (3 syL), daughter of Giaffer (2 syl.) pacha of Abydos. She is the troth- plight bride of Selim ; but Giaffer shoots the lover, and Zuleika dies of a broken heart. Byron, Bride of Abydos Q813). Bride of Lamniernioor, Lucy Ashton, in love with Edgar master of Ravenswood, but compelled to marry Frank Hayston laird of Bucklaw. She tries to murder him on the bridal night, and dies insane the day following. Sir W. Scott, The Bride of Lainmermoor (time, William III.). *^* The Bride of Lammermoor is one of the most finished of Scott's novels, pre- senting a unity of plot and action from beginning to end. The old butler, Caleb Balderston, is exaggerated and far too prominent, but he serves as a foil to the tragic scenes. In The Bride of Lammermoor we see embodied the dark spirit of fatalism that spirit which breathes on tlie writings of the Greek tragedians when they traced the per- secuting vengeance of destiny against the houses of Laiug and Atreus. From the time that we heiir the prophetic rhymes the spell begins, and the clouds blacken round us, till they close the tale in anightof horror. Ed, Rev. Bride of the Sea, Venice, so called from the ancient ceremony of the doge marrying the city to the Adriatic by throwing a ring into it, pronouncing these words, " We wed thee, sea, in token of perpetual domination." Bridewell was a king's palace before the Conquest. Henry I. gave the stone for rebuilding it. Its name is from St. Bride (or Bridget), and her holy well. The well is now represented by an iron pump in Bride Lane. Bridge. The imaginary bridge be- tween earth and the Mohammedan para- dise is called " Al Sirat'." The rainbow bridge which spans heaven and earth in Scandinavian myth- ology is called " Bif'rost." Bridge of Gold. According to German tradition, Charlemagne's spirit crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, at Bingen, in seasons of plenty, and biessea both corn-fields and vineyards. Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne, Upon thy bridge of gold. Longfellow, Autumn. Bridge of Sighs, the covered pas- sage-way which connects the palace of the doge in Venice with the State prisons. Called " the Bridge of Sighs" because the condemned passed over it from the judg- BRIDGES OF CANE. 1 ment hall to the place of execntion. Hood has a poem called The Bridge of Sighs. Bridges of Cane, in many parts of Spanish America, are thrown over narrow streams. Wild-cane arch liigh fluiig o'er ffulf profound. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming, ii. 16 (1809). Bridgemore (Mr.), of Fish Street Hill, London. A dishonest merchant, wealthy, vulgar, and purse-proud. He is invited to a soiree; given by lord Abber- ville, "and counts the servants, gapes at the lustres, and never enters the drawing-room at all, but stays below, chatting with the travelling tutor." Mrs. Bridgemore, wife of Mr. Bridge- more, equally vulgar, but with more x>re- tension to gentility. Miss Lucirida Bridgemore, the spiteful, purse-proud, malicious daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bridgemore, of Fish Street Hill. She was engaged to lord Abbcr- ville, but her money would not out- balance her vulgarity and ill-temper, so the young "fashionable lover" made his bow and retired. Cumberland, The Fashionable Lover (1780). Bridgenorth (Major Jialph)^ a roundhead and conspirator, neighbour of sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak, a staunch cavalier. 3frs. Bridgenorth, the major's wife. Alice Bridgenorth, the major's daugJiter and heroine of the novel. Her marriage with Julian Peveril, a cavalier, concludes the novel. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Beak (time, Charles II.). Brid'get (Miss), the mother of Tom Jones, in Fielding's novel called T/ie History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1750). It has been wondered why Fielding should have choaen to leave the stain of illegitimacy on tlie birth of hii hero . . . but had Miss Bridget been privately married . . . there could have been no adequate motive assigned for keeping the birth of the child a secret from a man so reasonable and compassionate as AJlworthy. Encyc. Brit. Art. "Fielding." Brid'get (Mrs.), in Sterne's novel called The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent. (1759). Bridget (Mother), aunt of Catherine Seyton, and abbess of St. Catherine. Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). Bridget (May), the milkwoman at Falk- land Castle. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Bridge''ward (Peter), the bridge- keeper of Kcnnaquhair ("I know not where"). Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). BRIGANTES. Bridgeward (Peter), warder of the bridge near St. Mary's Convent. He refuses a passage to father Philip, who is carrying off the Bible of lady Alice. Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Eliza- beth). Bridle. John Gowor says that Rosi- {)hele princess of Armenia, insensible to ove, saw in a vision a troop of ladies splendidly mounted, but one of them rode a wretched steed, wretchedly accoutred except as to the bridle. On asking the reason, the princess was informed that she ^vas disgraced thus because of her cruelty to her lovers, but that the splendid bridle had been recently given, because the obdurate girl had for the last month shown symptoms of true love. Moral Hence let ladies warning take Of love that they be not idle. And bid them think of my bridle. ConfesHo Amantisi" Episode of Rosiphele," 1345-1402). Bridlegoose (Jiuige), a judge who decided the causes brought before him not by weighing the merits of the case, but by the more simple process of throw- ing dice. Rabelais, Pantag'ruel', iii. 39 (1545). *^* Beaumarchais, in his Marriage of Fiijaro (1784), has introduced this judge under the name of " Brid'oison." The person satirized by Rabelais is the chan- cellor Poyet. Bri'dlesly (Joe), a horse-dealer at Liverpool, of whom Julian Peveril buys a horse. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Brid'oison [i5r^5.c?M:o,v. zong'^ , a stupid j udge in the Mariage de Figaro, a comedy in French, by Beaumarchais (1784). Bridoon (Corporal), in lieutenant Nosebag's regiment. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.). Brien'nius (Nicephorus), the Caesar of the Grecian empire, and husband of Anna Comne'na (daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of Greece). Sir W. Scott, Count Bobert of Paris (time, Rufus). Brigado're (4 syL), sir Guyon's horse. The word means "Golden bridle." Spenser, Faery Queen, v. 3 (1596). Brigan'tes (3 syL), called by Drayton Brig'ants, the people of Yorkshire, Lan- cashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Durham. Where in the Britons' rule of yore the Brigants swayed, The powerful English establislied . . . Northumberland \ Northumbria\. Drayton, PolyoThion, xvi. (1613). BRIGGS. 134 BRITANNU. Briggs, one of the ten young gentle- men in the school of Dr. Blimber when Paul Dombey was a pupil there. Briggs was nicknamed the "Stoney," because his brains were petrified by the constant dropping of wisdom upon them. C. Dickens, Dowhcy and Son (1846). Brigliadoro [Bril'.ye.dor'.ro], Or- lando's steed. The word means "Gold bridle." Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Sir Guyon's horse, in Spenser's Faeri/ Queen, is called by the same name (159GJ. Brilliant (Sir Philip), a great fop, hut brave soldier, like the famous Murat. He would dress with all the finery of a vain girl, but would share watching, toil, and peril with the meanest soldier. " A butterfly in the drawing-room, but a Hector oh the battle-field." He was a ' blade of proof ; you might laiigh at the scabbard, but you wouldn't at the blade." He falls in love with lady Anne, reforms his vanities, and marries. S. Knowles, Old Maids (1841). Brilliant Madman {The), Charles XII. of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718). Brillianta {The lady), a great wit in the ancient romance entitled Tirante le Blanc, author unknown. Here [in Tirante le BUnc] we shall find the famous knight don Kyrie Elyson of Montalbaii. his brother Thomas, tlie knight Fonseca, . . . tiie stratagems of the widowTranquil . . . and the Witticisms of lady Brillianta. Tliis is one of the most amusing books ever written. Cervantes, J)on Quixote, I. I. 6 (1605). Bris (// conte di San), governor of the Louvre. He is father of Valenti'na and leader of the St. Bartholomew massacre. Meyerbeer, Les Huguenots (1836). Brisac' {Justice), brother of Mira- mont. Charles 3risac, a scholar, son of justice Brisac. Eustace Brisac, a courtier, brother of Charles. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Elder Brother (1637). Brise'is (3 syl.), whose real name was Hippodaml'a, was the daughter of Brises, brother of the priest Chryses. She was the concubine of Achilles, but when Achilles bullied Agamemnon for not giving Chryse'is to her father, who offered a ransom for her, Agamemnon turned upon him and said he would let Chryseis go, but should take Briseis instead. Homer, Iliad, i. Brisk, a good-natured conceited cox- comb, with a most voluble tongue. Fond of saying "good things." and pointing them out with such expressions as " There I had you, eh ? " " That was pretty well, egad, eh ? " "I hit you in the teeth there, egad!" His ordinary oath was " Let mo perish ! " He makes love to lady Froth. W. Congreve, The Double Deakr (1694). Bris'kie (2 syl.), disguised under the name of Putskie. A captain in the Mos- covite army, and brother of general Archas "the loyal subject" of the great- duke of Moscovia. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1618). Bris'sotin, one of the followers of Jean Pierre Brissot, an advanced revolu- tionist. The Brissotins were subsequently merged in the Girondists, and the word dropped out of use. Bristol Boy (TJie), Thomas Chatter- ton, the poet, born at Bristol. Also called "The Marvellous Boy." Byron calls him "The wondrous boy who perished in his pride" (1752-1770). Bristol Man's Gift, a present of something which the giver pronounces to be of no use or no value to himself. Britain, according to the British triads, was called first " The green water- fort" (Clas Merddyn) ; this was before it was populated. Its next name was " The honey isle" {Y Vel Ynys). But after it was brought under one head by Prydain sonof Aedd, it was called "Prydain's isle" {Ynys Prydain). It has also been called " Hyperbo'rea," " Atlan'tica," " Cassit'eris," " Roma'na," and "Thule." Also " Yr Ynys Wen" (" the white island "), and some will have that the word Albion is derived from the Latin, albus, "white," and that the island was so called from "its white cliffs," an etymology only suited to fable. Bochart says Baratanic ("country of tin"), a Phoenician word, contracted into B'ratan\ is the true derivation. Britain, in Arthurian romance, always means Brittany. England is called Logris or Logria. Britan'nia. The Romans represented the island of Great Britain by the figure of a woman seated on a rock, from a fanciful resemblance thereto in the general outline of the island. The idea is less poetically expressed by "An old witch on a broomstick." The effigy of Britannia on our copper coin dates from the reign of Charles II. (1672), and was engraved by Roetier from a drawing by Evelyn. It is meant BRITANNIA. 135 BROBDINGNAG. for one of the king's court favourites, some say Frances Theresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond, and others Barbara Villiers, duchess of Cleveland. Britannia^ the name of the ship under the command of captain Albert, in Fal- coner's poem called The Shipwreck. It was dashed to pieces on the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point of Attica (1766). British History of Geoffrey of Monmouth, is a translation of a Welsh Chronicle. It is in nine books, and con- tains a "history" of the Britons and Welsh from Brutus, great-grandson of Trojan iEneas to the death of Cadwallo or Cadwallader in 688. This Geoffrey Avas first archdeacon of Monmouth, and then bishop of St. Asaph. The general outline of the work is the same as that given by Nennius three centuries pre- viously. Geoffrey's Chronicle, published about 1143, formed a basis for many subsequent historical works. A com- pendium by Diceto is published in Gale's Chronicles. British Lion (The), the spirit* or pugnacity of the British nation, as op- posed to John Bull, which symbolizes the substantiality, obstinacy, and solidity of the British nation, with all its prejudices and national peculiarities. To rouse John Bull is to tread on his corns, to rouse the British Lion is to blow the war- trumpet in his ears. The British Lion also means the most popular celebrity of the British nation for the time being. Our glorious coHstitution Is owing to tlie liaWt which the British Lion observes of sitting over his wine after dinner. William Jerdan. British Soldiers* Battle (2'he), the battle of Inkerman, November 6, 1854. For stubborn valour, for true old English resolution to fight it out to the last, amid every disadvantage and against almost overwhelming odds, men will for ages point to Inkerman, " the British Soldiers* Battle." Sir Edward Creasy, The Fifteen Decuive Battles (preface). Brit'omart, the representative of chastity. She was the daughter and heiress of king Ryence of Wales, and her legend forms the third book of the Fa^ry Queen. One day, looking into Venus's looking-glass, given by Merlin to her father, she saw therein sir Artegal, and fell in love with him. Her nurse Glauce (2 syl.) tried by charms "to undo her love," but " love that is in gentle heart begun no idle charm can remove." Find- ing her "charms" ineffectual, she took ber to Merlin's cave in Carmarthen, and the magician told her she would be the mother of a line of kings {the Tudors), and after twice 400 years one of her offspring, " a royal virgin," would shake the power of Spain. Glauce now sug- gested that they should start in quest of sir Artegal, and Britomart donned the armour of An'gela (queen of the Angles), which she found in her father's armoury, and taking a magic spear which " nothing could resist," she sallied forth. Her adventures allegorize the triumph of chastity over impurity : Thus in Castle Joyous, Malacasta (lust), not knowing her sex, tried to seduce her, " but she flees youthful lust, which wars against the soul." She next overthrew Marinel, son of Cym'oent. Then made her appearance as the Sq-uire of Dames. Her last achieve- ment was the deliverance of Am'oret {wifely love) from the enchanter Busirane. Her marriage is deferred to bk. v. 6, when she tilted with sir Artegal, who "shares away the ventail of her helmet with his sword," and was about to strike again when he became so amazed at her beauty that he thought she must be a god- dess. She bade the knight remove his helmet, at once recognized him, consented "to be his love, and to take him for her lord." Spenser, Faery Queen, iii. (1690)^ She charmed at once and tamed the heart. Incomparable Britomart. Sir W.Scott. Briton {Colonel), a Scotch officer, who sees donna Isabella jump from a window in order to escape from a mar- riage she dislikes. The colonel catches her, and takes her to the house of donna Violante, her friend. Here he calls upon her, but don Felix, the lover of Violante, supposing Violante to be tlie object of his visits, becomes jealous, till at the end the mystery is cleared up, and a double marriage is the result. Mrs. Centlivre, The Wonder (1714). Broadside {A). To constitute a broadside, the matter should be printed on the entire sheet, on one side of the paper only, not in columns, but in one measure. ' It matters not which way of the paper the printing is displayed, or what the size of type, provided the whole is presented to the eye in one view. Although the entire matter of a broadside must be contained on one side of a sheet of paper, an endorsement may be allowed. Brob'dingnag, a country of enor- mous giants, to whom Gulliver was a tiny dwarf. They were as tall "as an or- BROCK. 136 BROWDIE. dinary church steeple," and all their surroundings were in proportion. Yon high church steeple, yon gawky stag. Your husbaud niust come from Brobdingnag, Kane O'Hara, Midat. Brock {Adam)y in Charles XIL, an historical drama by J. R. Planche'. Broken Feather. A broken feather in his wing, a scandal connected with one's name, a blot on one's 'scutcheon. If an angel were to walk about, Mrs. Sam Hurst would never rest till she had found out where he came from. And pel haps whether he had a broken feather in his wing. Mrs. Ollphant, Phoebe, jun., ii. 6. Broken-Girth-Flow {Laird of), one of the Jacobite conspirators in The Black Dwarf, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Anne"). Broken Heart (T/ie), a tragedy by John Ford (1633). (See Calantha.) Broker of the Empire (The). Dari'us, son of Hystaspes, was so called by the Persians from his great care of the financial condition of his empire. Bro'mia, wife of Sosia (slave of Amphitryon), in the service of Alc- nie'na. A nagging termagant, who keeps her husband in petticoat subjection. She is not one of the characters in Moiiere's comedy of Amphitryon. Dryden, Amphitryon (1690). Bromton's Chronicle (time, Ed- ward III.), that is, "The Chronicle of John Bromton " printed among the Decern Scriptores, under the titles of " Chronicon Johannis Bromton," and " Joralanensis Historia a Johanne Bromton," abbot of Jerevaux, in Yorkshire. It commences with the conversion of the Saxons by St. Augustin, and closes with the death of Richard I. in 1199. Selden has proved that the chronicle was not written by Bromton, but was merely brought to the abbey while he was abbot. Bron'tes (2 syi.), one of the Cyclops, hence a blacksmith generally. Called Bronteus (2 syl.) by Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 6 (1596). Not with such weight, to frame the forky brand, Tlio ponderous hammer falls from Brontfis' hand. Jervualem DaUvered, xx. (Hod's translation). Bronzely (2 syl.), a mere rake, whose vanity was to be thought *' a general seducer." Mrs. Inchbald, Wives as they Were, and Maids as they Are (1797). Bron'zomarte (3 syl.), the sorrel steed of sir Launcelot Greaves. The word mejins a " mettlesome sorrel." Smollett, Sir Launcelot Greaves (1766). Brook (Master), the name assumed by Ford when sir John Falstaff makes love to his wife. Sir John, not knowing him, confides to him every item of his amour, and tells him how cleverly he has duped Ford by being carried out in a buck-basket before his very face. Shakespeare, Merry Wives of Wiiidsor (1601). Brook Street (Grosvenor Square, London), is so called from a brook or stream which at one time ran down that locality. Broo'ker, the man who stole the son of Ralph Nickleby out of revenge, called him " Smike," and put him to school at Dotheboys Hall, Yorkshire. His tale is told p. 594-5 (original edit.). C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). Brother Jon'athan. When Wash- ington was in want of ammunition, he called a council of officers ; but no prac- tical suggestion being offered, he said, " We must consult brother Jonathan," meaning his excellency Jonathan Trum- bull, the elder governor of the state of Connecticut. This was done, and the diffi- culty surmounted. "To consult brother Jonathan" then became a set phrase, and "Brother Jonathan" became the "John Bull " of the United States. J. R. Bart- lett, Dictionary of Americanisms. Brother Sam, the brother of lord Dundreary, the hero of a comedy based on a German drama, by John Oxenford, Avith additions and alterations by E. A. Sothem and T. B. Buckstone. Supplied by T. B. Buckstone, Esq. Brothers (The), a comedy by Richard Cumberland (1769). (For the plot, see Belfield, Brothers.) Brougham's Plaid Trousers. The story goes that lord Brougham l^Broom'] once paid a visit to a great cloth factory in the north, and was so pleased with one of the patterns that he requested to be supplied with " a dozen pieces for his own use," meaning, of course, enough for a dozen pair of trousers. The clothier sent him " a dozen pieces," containing several hundred yards, so that his lord- ship was not only set up for life in plaid for trousers, but had enough to supply a whole clan. Browdie (John), a brawny, big-made Yorkshire corn-factor, bluff, brusque, honest, and kind-hearted. He befriends poor Smike, and is much attached to BROWN. 137 BRULGRUDDERY. Nicholas Nickleby. John Browdie marries Matilda Price, a miller's daughter. C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). Bro"WTl (Vanbeest), lieutenant of Dirk Hatteraick. Sir W. Scott, Guy Man- ner ing (time, George II.). Brown {Jonathan), landlord of the Black Bear at Darlington. Here Frank Osbaldistone meets Rob Roy at dinner. Sir W. Scott, Roh Roy (time, George L). Rrown (Mrs.), the widow of the brother- in-law of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton. She had one daughter, Alice Marwood, who was first cousin to Edith (Mr. Dombey's second wife). Mrs. Brown lived in great poverty, her only known vocation being " to strip children of their clothes, which she sold or pawned." C. Dickens, Bom- bey and Son (1846). Brown {Mrs.), a *'Mrs. John Bull," with all the practical sense, kind- heartedness, absence of conventionality, and the prejudices of a well-to-do but half -educated Englishwoman of the middle shop class. She passes her opinions on all current events, and travels about, taking with her all her prejudices, and despising everything which is not Eng- lish. Arthur Sketchley [Rev. George Rose]. Brown {Hahlot) illustrated some of Dickens's novels, and took the pseudonym of " Phiz " (1812- ). Brown the Younger ( Thomas), the nom de plume of Thomas Moore, in The Two-penny Post-bag, a series of witty and very popular satires on the prince regent (afterwards George IV.), his ministers, and his boon companions. Also in The Fudge Family in Paris, and in The Fudges in England (1835). Bro-wn, Jones, and Robinson, three Englishmen who travel together. Their adventures, by Richard Doyle, were published in Punch. In them is held up to ridicule the gauc?ierie, the contracted notions, the vulgarity, the conceit, and the general suobbism of the middle-class English abroad. Browns. To astonish the Browns, to do or say something regardless of the annoyance it may cause or the shock it may give to Mrs. Grundy. Anne Boleyn had a whole clan of Browns, or '* country cousins," who were welcomed at court in the reign of Elizabeth. The queen, how- ever, was quick to see what was gauche, and did not scruple to reprove them for uncourtly manners. Her plainness of speech used quite to "astonish the Browns." Browne {General) pays a visit to lord Woodville. His bedroom for the night is the " tapestried chamber," where he sees the apparition of "the lady in the sacque," and next morning relates his adventure. Sir W. Scott, The Tapestried Chamber (time, George III.). Brownlow, a most benevolent old gentleman, who rescues Oliver Twist f roift his vile associates. He refuses to believe in Oliver's guilt of theft, although ap- pearances were certainly against him, and he even takes the boy into his service.^= C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Brox'mouth {John), a neighbour of Happer the miller. Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth). Bruce {The), an epic poem by John Barbour (1320-1395). Bru'el, the name of the goose, in the tale of Reynard the Fox. The word means the "Little roarer" (1498). Bru'in, the name of the bear, in the beast-epic called Reynard the Fox. Henca a bear in general. The word means the " brown one " (1498). Bru'in, one of the leaders arrayed against Hudibras. He is meant for one Talgol, a Newgate butcher, who obtained a captain's commission for valour at Naseby. He marched next to Orsin [Joshua Gosling, landlord of the bear- gardens at South wark]. S. Butler, Hudi- bras, i. 3. Bruin {Mrs. and Mr.), daughter and son-in-law to sir Jacob JoUup. Mr. Bruin is a huge bear of a fellow, and rules his wife with scant courtesy. S. Foote, The Mayor of Garratt (1763). Brulgrud'dery {Dennis), landlord of the Red Cow, on Muckslush Heath. He calls himself " an Irish gintleman bred and born." He was " brought up to the church," i.e. to be a church beadle, but lost his place for snoring at sermon- time. He is a sot, with a very kind heart, and is honest in great matters, al- though in business he will palm off an old cock for a young capon. Mrs. Brulg7"iiddery, wife of Dennis, and widow of Mr. Skinnygauge, former land- BRUMO. 138 BRUTE. lord of the Red Covr. Unprincipled, self-willed, ill-tempered, and over-reach- ing. Money is the only thing that moves her, and when she has taken a bribe she will whittle down the service to the finest point. G. Colman, jun., John Bull (1805). Brumo, a place of worship in Craca (one of the Shetland Isles). Far from his friends tiiey placed him in the horrid circle of Brumo, where the ghosts of the dead howl round the stone of their fear. Ossian. Fingal, vi. Brun'cheval "the Bold," a paynim knight, who tilted with sir Satyrane, and both were thrown to the ground together at the first encounter. Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 4 (1696). Brunel'o, a deformed dwarf, who at the siege of Albracca stole Sacripan'te's charger from between his legs without his knowing it. He also stole Angelica's magic ring, by means of which he re- leased Roge'ro from the castle in which he was imprisoned. Ariosto says that Agra- mant gare the dwarf a ring which had the power of resisting magic. Bojardo, Orlando Innamorato (1496) ; and Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1616). " I," says Sancho, "slept so soundly upon Dapple, that the thief had time enough to clap four stalces under the four corners of my pannd. and to le;wi away the beast from under my legs witljout waking me." Cervantes, Don (tuixote, II. i. 4 (1615). Brunenburg {Battle of), referred to iu Tennyson's King Harold, is the victory obtained in 938 by king Athelstan over the Danes. Brunetta, mother of Chery (who married his cousin Fairstar). Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales ("Princess Fair- star," 1682). Brunetta, the rival beauty of Phyllis. On one occasion Phyllis procured a most marvellous fabric of gold brocade in order to eclipse her rival, but Brunetta arrayed her train-bearer in a dress of the same material and cut in the same fashion. Phyllis was so mortified that she went home and died. The Spectator. Brunhild, queen of Issland, who made a vow that none should win her who could not surpass her in three trials of skill and strength : (1) hurling a spear; (2) throwing a stone; and (3) jumping. Giinther king of Burgundy undertook the three contests, and by the aid of Siegfried succeeded in winning the martial queen. First, hurling a spear that three men could scarcely lift: the oueen hurled it towards Giinther, but Sit^-ied, iu his invisible cloak, reversed its direction, causing it to strike the qneen and knock her down. Next, throwing a stone so huge that twelve brawny men were employed to carry it : Brunhild lifted it on high, flung it twelve fathoms, and jumped beyond it. Again Siegfried helped his friend to throw it further, and in leaping beyond the stone. The queen, being fairly beaten, exclaimed to her liege- men, "I am no longer your queen and mistress ; henceforth are ye the liegemen of Giinther" (lied vii.). After marriage Brunhild was so obstreperous that the king again applied to Siegfried, who suc- ceeded in depriving her of her ring and girdle, after which she became a very submissive wife. The Niebelungen Lied. Bru'no (Bishop), bishop of Herbi- polita'num. Sailing one day on the Danube with Henry III. emperor of Germany, they came to Ben Strudel (" the devouring gulf "), near Grinoa Castle, in Austria. Here the voice of a spirit clamoured aloud, "Ho ! hoi Bishop Bruno, whither art thou travelling ? But go thy ways, bishop Bnmo, for thou shalt travel with me to-night." At night, while feasting with the emperor, a rafter fell on his head and killed him. Southcy has a ballad called Bishop Bruno, but it deviates from the original legend given by Hey- wood in several particulars : It makes bishop Bruno hear the voice first on his way to the emperor, who had invited him to dinner ; next, at the beginning of dinner ; and thirdly, when the quests had well feasted. At the last warning an ice- cold hand touched him, and Bruno fell dead in the banquet hall. Brush, the impertinent English valet of lord Ogleby. If his lordship calls he never hears unless he chooses ; if his bell rings he never answers it till it suits his pleasure. He helps himself freely to all his master's things, and makes love to all the pretty chambermaids he comes into contact with. Colman and Garrick, The Clandestine Marriage (1766). Brut (Le), a metrical chronicle of Maitre Wace, canon of Caen, in Nor- mandy. It contains the earliest history of England, and other historical legends (twelfth century). Brute (1 syL), the first king of Britain (in mythical history). He was the son of iKneas Silvius (grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson of ^Eneas of Troy). Brute called London (the capital of his adopted country) Troy- BRUTE. 139 BRUTUS. novt*nt {New Troy). The legend is this : An oracle declared that Brute should be tho death of both his parents ; his mother died in child-birth, and at the age of 15 Brute shot his father accidentally in a deer-hunt. Being driven from Alba Longa, he collected a band of old Trojans and landed at Totness, in Devonshire. His wife was Innogen, daughter of Pan- dra'sus king of Greece. His tale is told at length in the Chronicles of Geoffrey of Monmouth, in the first song of Dray- ton's Fotyolbion, and in Spenser's Faery Queen, ii. Brute {Sir John), a coarse, surly, ill- mannered bnite, whose delight was to ' provoke " his young wife, who he tells us " is a young lady, a fine lady, a witty lady, and a virtuous lady, but yet I hate her." In a drunken frolic he intercepts a tailor taking home a new dress to lady Brute ; he insists on arraying himself therein, is arrested for a street row, and taken before the justice of the peace. Being asked his name, he gives it as " lady John Brute," and is dismissed. Lady Brute, wife of sir John. She is subjected to divers indignities, and in- sulted morn, noon, and night, by her surly, drunken husband. Lady Brute intrigues with Constant, a former lover ; but her intrigues are more mischievous than vicious. Vanbrugh, The Provoked Wife (1697). The coarse pothouse ralour of "sir John Brute " (Garrick's famous part) is well contrasted with the fine-lady airs and atrectatioii of his wife. [Surely tills must be an error. It applies to " lady Fanciftd," but not to "lady Brute."] R. Chambers, EnglUh Literature, 1. 598. Brute Green-Shield, the successor of Ebranc king of Britain. The mythi- cal line is : (1) Brute, great-great-grand- son of iEneas ; (2) Locrin, his son ; (3) Guendolen, the widow of Locrin ; (4) Ebranc ; (5) Brute Green-Shield. Then follow m order Leil, Hudibras, Bladud, Leir [Shakespeare's "Lear"], etc. ... of her courageous kings. Brute Green-Shield, to whose name we providence impute Divinely to revive the land's first conqueror. Brute. Drayton, Polyolbion, viii. (1612). Brute's City, London, called Trino- vant {New Troy). The goodly Thames near which Brute's city stands. Drayton, Polyolbion, xvi. (1G13). (Of course Trinovant is so called from the Trinovantes or Trinobantes, a Celtic tribe settled in Essex and Middlesex when CaRsar invaded the island.) Bru'ton Street (London), so called from Bruton, in Somersetshire, the oeat of John lord Berkeley of Stratton. Brutus {Lucius Junius), first conmil of Rome, who condemned his own two sons to death for joining a conspiracy to restore Tarquin to the throne, from which he liad been banished. This subject has been dramatized by N. Lee (1679) and John H. Payne, under the title of Brutus or The Fall of Tarquin (1820). Alfieri has an Italian tragedy on the same sub- ject. In French we have the tragedies f Arnault (1792) and Ponsard (1843). (Se LUCRETIA.) The elder Kean on one occasion consented to appear at the Glasgow Theatre for his son's benefit. Tlie play chosen was Payne's Brutus, in which the father took tlo part of " Brutus " and Charles Kean that of " Titus." The audience sat suffused in tears during the pathetic inter- view, till "Brutus" falls on the neck of "Titus," ex- claiming in a burst of agony, " Embrace thy wretched father ! " when the whole house broke forth into peals of approbation. Edmund Kean then whispere** In his son's ear, "Charlie, we are doing the trick." W, C. Kussell, Representative Actors, 476. Junius Brutus. So James Lynch Fitz- Stephen has been called, because (like the first consul of Rome) he condemned his own son to death for murder, and to prevent a rescue caused him to be exe- cuted from the window of his own house in Gal way (1493). The Spanish Brutus, Alfonso Perez de Guzman, governor of Tarifa in 1293. Here he was besieged by the infant don Juan, who had revolted against his brother, king Sancho IV., and having Guzman's son in his power, threatened to kill him unless Tarifa was given up to him. Guzman replied, "Sooner than bo guilty of such treason I will lend Juan a dagger to slay my son ;" and so saying tossed his dagger over the wall. Sad to say, Juan took the dagger, and assassinated the young man l^ere and then (1258-1309). Brutus {Marcus), said to be the son of Julius Caesar by Serrilia. Brutus' bastard hand Stabb'd Julius Cajsar. Shakespeare, 2 Henry VI. act iv. sc. 1 (159]). This Brutus is introduced by Shake- speare in his tragedy of Julius Caisar, and the poet endows him with every quality of a true patriot. He loved Caesar much, but he loved Rome more. John P. Kemble seems to me always to play best those characters in which tiiere is a predominating tinge of some over-mastering passion. . . . The i>atrician pride of " Ooriolanus," the stoicism of "Brutus," the vehemence of " Hotspur," mark the class of characters I mean.-- Sir W. Scott. In the life of C. M. Young, we are told that Edmund Kean hi "Hamlet," " Coriolanus," "Brutus" . . . never ap- proached within any measurable distance of the learned and majestic Kemble. Brutus. Et tu, Brute. Shakespeare, on the authority of Suetonius, puts these BRUTUS AND CICERO. 140 BUCKLAW. words into the mouth of Caesar when Brutus stabbed him. Shakespeare's drama was written in 1607, and probabh' he had seen The True Tragedy of Richard duke of York (1600). where these words occur ; but even before that date H. Stephens had said : Jule Cesar, quand 11 vit que Bruhis aussl estoit de ceux qui luy tirient des coups d'espee, luy dit, Kai sy tecnonf c'est b, dire. . . . Et toy men flls, en es tu aussi. />eua JHal. du Jfoveau Lang. Franc (1583). Brutus and Cicero. Cicero says : " Caesare interfecto, statim, cruentum alte extollens M. Brutus pugionem Ciceron- em nominatim exclamavit, atque ci re- cuperatam libertatem est gratulatus." Philipp. ii. 12. When Brutus rose. Refulgent from the stroke of Caesar's fate, . . . |Ae]cUled aloud On TuUy's name, and shook his crimson steel, And bade the " father of his country" hail'. Akenside, Pleasures of Imagination, L Bryce*s Day (St), November 13. On St. Bryce's Day, 1002, Ethelred caused all the Danes in the kingdom to be secretly murdered in one night. lu one night the throats of all the Banish cut. Drayton, Polyulbion, xli. (1613). Bry'done (Elspeth) or Glendinning, widow of Simon Glendinning, of the Tower of Glendearg. Sir W. Scott, I'he Monastery (time, Eliziabeth). Bubas'tis, the Dian'a of Egyptian mythology. She was the daughter of Idis and sister of Horus. Bubenburg (Sir Adrian de), a veteran knight of Berne. Sir W. Scott, A7i7ie of Gcier stein (time, Edward IV.). Bucca, goblin of the wind in Celtic mythology, and supposed by the ancient inhabitants of Cornwall to foretell ship- wreck. Bueen'taur, the Venetian State galley used by the doge when he went *'to wed the Adriatic." In classic mythology the bucentaur was half man and half ox. Buceph'alos {^^hull-headed"), the name of Alexander's horse, which cost 3500. It knelt down when Alexander mounted, and was 30 years old at its death. Alexander built a city called Bucephala in its memory. 21ie Persian Bucephalos, Shibdiz, the famous charger of Chosroes Parviz. Buck'et {Mr.), a slirewd detective oflficer, who cleverly discovers that Hor- tense, the French maid-servant of lady Dedlock, was the murderer of Mr. Tul- I kinghom, and not lady Dedlock who was charged with the deed by Hortense. C. Dickens, Bleak House (1853). Buckingham {George Villiers, duke of). There were two dukes of this name, father and son, both notorious for their profligacy and political unscrupulous- ness. The first (1692-1628) was the fa- vorite of James I., nicknamed " Steenie" by that monarch from his personal beau- ty, " Steenie" being a pet corruption of Stephen, whose face at martyrdom was "as the face of an angel." He was as- sassinated by Fenton. Sir Walter Scott introduces him in The Fortunes of Nigel, and his son in Peveril of the Peak. The son( J 627-88) also appears under the name of "Zimri" {q.v.) in Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel. He was the author of The Rehearsal, a drama, upon which Sheridan founded his Critic, and of other works, but is principally remem- bered as the profligate favorite of Charles II. He was a member of the famous *' Cabal " {q. v.), and closed a career of great splendor and wickedness in the most abject poverty. Buckingham {Henry de Stafford, duke of) was a favorite of Richard III. and a participator in his crimes, but revolted against him, and was beheaded in 1483. This is the duke that Sackville met in the realms of Pluto, and whose " com- playnt" is given in the induction of A Mirrourfor Magistraytes (1 587). He als > appears in Shakespeare's Richard IIT. Buckingham {Mary duchess of), intro- duced by sir W. Scott in Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Buckla'W {The laird of), afterwards laird of Girnington. His name was Frank Hayston. Lucy Ashton plights her troth to Edgar master of Ravens- wood, and they exchange love-tokens at the Mermaid's Fountain ; but her father, sir William Ashton, from pecuniar}' views, promises her in marriage to the laird of Bucklaw, and as she signs the articles Edgar suddenly appears at the castle. They return to each other their love- tokens, and Lucy is married to the laird ; but on the wedding night the bridegroom is found dangerously wounded in the bridal chamber, and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Sir W. Scott, The Bride of Lammermoor (time, William III.). BUCKLE. 141 BULL-DOG. Buckle {Put into), put into pawn at the rate of 40 per cent, interest. Buckle {To talk), to talk about mar- riage. I took a girl to dinner who tallted buckle to me, and the girl on the other side talked beiih.y&ra, 154. Bucklers- bury (London), so called from one Buckle, a grocer {Old and New London). In the reign of Elizabeth and long afterwards Bucklersbury was chiefly inhabited by druggists, who sold green and dried herbs. Hence Falstaff says to Mrs. Ford, he could not assume the ways of those " lisping hawthorn buds [i.e. young fopsj, who smell like Bucklers- bury in simple - time." Shakespeare, Merry Wives of Windsor, act iii. sc. 3 (1601). Bude Light, a light devised by Mr. Gurney of Bude, in Cornwall. Intense light is obtained by supplying the burner with an abundant stream of oxygen. The principle of the Argand lamp is also a free supply of oxygen. Gurney's in- vention is too expensive to be of general service, but an intense light is obtained by reflectors and refractors called JJude lights, although they wholly differ in principle from Gurney's invention. Buffoon {The Pulpit). Hugh Peters is so called by Dugdale (1599-1G60). H Bu^ Jargal, a negro, passionately in love with a white woman, but tempering the wildest passion with the deepest re- spect. Victor Hugo, Bug Jargal (a novel). Bulbul, an Oriental name for a night- ingale. When, in The PHncetia (by Tennyson), the prince, disguised as a woman, enters with his two friends (similarly disguised) into the college to which no man was admitted, he sings ; and the princess, suspecting the fraud, says to him, "Not for thee, bulbul, any rose of Gulistan shall burst her veil," i.e. "O singer, do not suppose that any woman will be taken in by such a flimsy deceit." The bulbul loved the rose, and Gulistan means the "garden of roses." The prince was the bulbul, the college was Gulistan, and the princess the rose sought. Tenny- son, The Princess, iv. Bulbul-He'zar, the talking bird, which was joined in singing by all the song-birds in the neighbourhood. (See Talking Bird.) Arabian ^'ights ("The Two Sisters," the last story). Bulls, mother of Egyp'ius of Thessaly. Egypius entertained a criminal love for Timandra, the mother of .Neoph'ron, and Neophron was guilty of a similar passion for Bulis. Jupiter changed Egypius and Neophron into vultures, Bulis into a duck, and Timandra into a sparrow-hawk. Classic Mythology, Bull {John), the English nation per- sonified, and hence any typical English- man. Bull in the main was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very inconstant tem|>er. He dreaded not old Lewis [Lomm XIV.], either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play ; but then lie was very apt to quarrel witli his best friends, especially if they pre- tended to govern him. If you flattered him, you might lead him as a child. John's temper depeiideil very much upon the air ; his spirits rose and fell with the weatlier- glass. He was quick, and understood business well ; but no man alive was more cjtreless in looking into liis accompts, nor more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants. . . . No man kept abetter house, iior spent his money more generously. Chap. 5. (The subject of this History is the "Spanish Succession" in the reigns of Louis XIV. and queen Anne.) Mrs. Bull, queen Anne, "very apt to be choleric." On hearing that Philip Baboon {Philippe due d'Anjou) was to succeed to lord Strutt's estates {i.e. the Spanish throne), she said to John Bull : " You sot, you loiter about ale-houses and taverns, spend your time at billiards, ninepins, or puppet-shows, never minding me nor my numerous family. Don't yon hear how lord Stnitt [the king of Spain] has bespoke his liveries at Lewis Baboon's shop [/VttwceJ? . . . Fie upon it I Up. man ! ... I'll sell my shift before I'll be so used."--Chap. 4. John Bull's Mother, the Church of England. John had a mother, whom he loved and honoured ex- tremely ; a discreet, grave, soi>cr, good-conditioned, cleanly old gentlewoman as ever lived. She was none of your cross-grained, termagant, scolding jades . . . always censuring your conduct ... on the contrary, she was of a meek spirit . . . and put the best constri'cUon ucon the words and actions of her neigh)>ours. . . . Slie neither wore a ruff, forehead clotli, nor high-crowned hat. . . . She scorned to patch and paint, yet she loved cleanliness. . . . She was no less genteel in her behaviour ... in the due mean between one of your affected curtsying pieces of forniality, and your ill-mannered creatures wtiich have no regard to the common rules of civility. Pt. ii. 1. John BuWs Sister Peg, the Scotch, in love with Jack {Calvin). John had a sister, a poor girl that had been reared . . . on oatmeal and water . . . and lodfjed in a garret exposed to the north wind. . . . However, this usage . . . gavB iier a hardy constitution. . . . Peg had, indeed, son.e odd humours and comical antipathies, . . , she would faint at the sound of an organ, and yet dancc and frisk at the noise of a bagpipe. Dr. Arbuthnot, Uiilory of John Bull, u. 2 (171'J). Bulls, ludicrous blunders. Merry tales, witty jests, and ridiculous bulls. fia/ijue* of Music (1688). That such a poem should bo toothless and affirm to bo a bull. Milton, Apoloyy for Hmevtymnuui (lt>42). Bull-dog, rough iron. A man was putting some bull-dog into the rolb, ' his spade caught between the rolls. Time*. BULL-DOGS. 142 BUNDALINDA. Bull-dogs, the two servants of a university proctor, who follow him in his rounds to assist him in apprehending students who are violating the university statutes, such as appearing in the streets after dinner without cap and gown, etc. BuUamy, porter of the "Anglo- Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life Insurance Company." An imposing personage, whose dignity resided chiefly in the great expsinse of his red waistcoat. Respectability and well-to-doedness were expressed in that garment. C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlevcit (1844). Bullcalf {Peter) ^ of the Green, who was pricked for a recruit in the army of sir John Falstaff. He promised Bardolph "four Harry ten-shillings in French crowns" if he would stand his friend, and when sir John was informed thereof, he said to Bullcalf, " I will none of you." Justice Shallow remonstrated, but Falstaff exclaimed, "Will you tell me, Master Shallow , how to choose a man ? Care I for the limb, the thews, the stature ? . . . Give me the spirit. Master Shallow." Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV, act iii. sc. 2 (1698). Bullet-head {The Great), George Cadoudal, leader of the Chouang (1769- 1804). Bull'segg {Mr.), laird of Killan- cureit, a friend of the baron of Bradwar- dine. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George IL). Bulmer {Valentine), titular earl of Etherington, married to Clara Mowbray. Mrs. Ann Bulnier, mother of Valen- tine, married to the earl of Etherington during the life-time of his countess ; hence his wife in bigamy. Sir W. Scott, St. Ronan's Well (time, George III.). Bum'ble, beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was bom and brought up. A stout, consequential, hard- hearted, fussy official, with mighty ideas of his own importance. This character has given to the language the word burnbledoni, the officious arrogance and bumptious conceit of a parish authority or petty dignitary. After marriage, the high and mighty beadle was sadly hen- pecked and reduced to a Jerrv Sneak. U. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Bcmbledoni, parish-dom, the pride of parish dignity, the arrogance of parish u^^hority, the mi^^htiness of parish officers. From Bumble, the beadle, ia Dickens's Oliver Twist (1837). Bumliinet, a shepherd. He pro- poses to Grub'binol that they should repair to a certain hut and sing " Gillian of Croydon," "Patient Grissel," "Cast away Care," " Over the Hills," and so on ; but being told that Blouzelinda was dead, he sings a dirge, and Grubbinol joins him. Thus wailed the louts In melancholy strain. Till bonny Susan sped across the plain ; They seized the lass in apron clean arrayed. And to the ale-house forced the willing maid ; In ale and kisses they forjjot their cares. And Susan Blouzelinda's loss repairs. Gay, Pastoral, r. (1714). (An imitation of Virgil's Ucl, v. " Daphnis.") Bumper {Sir Harry), a convivial friend of Charles Surface. He sings the popular song, beginning Here's to the maiden of bashful fifteen, Here's to the widow of fifty, etc. Sheridan, School for Scandal (1777). Bunce {Jack), alias Frederick Alta- mont, a ci-devant actor, one of the crew of the pirate vessel. Sir W. Scott, The Pirate (time, William III.). Bunch {Mother), an alewife, men- tioned by Dekker in his drama called Satiromastix (1G02). In 1604 was pub- lished PasquiVs Jests, mixed with Mother . Bunch's Merriments. There are a series of "Fairy Tales' called Mother Bunch's Fairy Tales. Bunch {Mother), the supposed pos- sessor of a "cabinet broken open" and revealing " rare secrets of Art and Nature," such as love-spells (1760). Bun'cle, messenger to the earl of Douglas. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of \ Perth (time, Henry IV.). Bun'cle {John), "a prodigious hand atj matrimony, divinity, a song, and a! peck." He married seven wives, and lost all in the flower of their age. For! two or three days after the death of a wife he was inconsolable, but soon became resigned to his loss, which he repaired by! marrying again. Thos. Amory, The Life^ etc., of John Buncle, Esq. Bundalinda, the beau-ideal of ol scurity. Transformed from a princess to a peasant, ft-om bautf| to ugliness, from polish to rusticity, from light to dark ness, from an angel of light to an unp of hell, frun fragrance to ill-savour, from elegance to rudeness, fron Aurom in full briUiancy to Bundalinda in deep obscuritjrJ CervAates, D'thing must be her way or there's no gettmg any peace." She greatly frequented the minor the- atres, and acquired notions of sentimental romance. She told Wilelmina, if she refused to marry Robin : " I'll disinherit you from any share in the blood of my family, the Grograns, and you may creep through life with the dirty, pitiful, mean, paltry, low, ill-bred notions which you have gathered from [your father't] family, the Bundles." C. Dibdin, The Watermnn (1774). Bun'gay (Friar), one of the friars in a comedy by Robert Green, entitled Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. Both the friars are conjurors, and the piece con- cludes with one of their pupils being carried off to the infernal regions on the back of one of friar Bacon's demons (1591). Bungen \_Bunq-n\, the street in Hamelin down which the pied piper Bunting led the rats into the river Weser and the children into a cave in the moun- tain Koppenberg. No music of any kind is permitted to be played in this street. Bungey (Friar), personification of the charlatan of science in the fifteenth century. *^* In TJie Last of the Barons, by lord Lytton, friar Bungey is an historical character, and is said to have " raised mists and vapours," which befriended Edward IV. at the battle of Bamet. Buns'by (Captain John or Jack), owner of the Cautious Clara. Captain Cuttle considered him "a philosopher, and quite an oracle." Captain Bunsby had one "stationary and one revolving eye," a very red face, and was extremely taciturn. The captain was entrapped by Mrs. McStinger (the termagant landlady of his friend captain Cuttle) into marry- ing her. C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (1846). Bunting, the pied piper of Ham'elin. He was so called from his dress. To blow the pipe his lips he wrinkled. And green and blue his sliarp eyes twinkled . . . And ere three notes liis pipe had uttered . . . Out of the houses rats came tumbling- Great rts, small rats, lean rate, brawny rats, Brown rats, black rats, grey rats, tawny rats, . . . And step by step they followed him dancing, TiU they came to the river Weser. R. Browning. Bur (John), the servant of Job Thorn- berry, the brazier of Penzance. Bmsqua in his manners, but most devotedly attached to his master, by whom he was taken from the workhouse. John Bur kept his master's "books" for twenty- two years with the utmost fidelity. G. Colraan, jun., John Bull (1805). BurTbon (i.e. Henri IV. of France). He is betrothed to Fordelis (France), who has been enticed from him by Gran- torto (rebellion). Being assailed on all sides by a rabble rout, Fordelis is carried off by "hellrake hounds." The rabble batter Burbon's shield (protestantism), and compel him to throw it away. Sir Ar'tegal (right or justice) rescues the "recreant knight" from the mob, but blames him for his unknightly folly in throwing away his shield (of faith). Talus (the executive) beats off the hell- hounds, gets possession of the lady, and though she flouts Burbon, he catches her up upon his steed and rides off with her. Spenser, Faery Queen, v. 2 (1596). Burchell (Mr.), alias sir William Thomhill, about o9 years of age. When Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wake- field, loses 1400, Mr. Burchell presents himself as a broken-down gentleman, and the doctor offers him his purse. He turned his back on the two flash ladies who talked of their high-life doings, and cried " Fudge ! " after all their boastings and remarks. Mr. Burchell twice rescued Sophia Primrose, and ultimately married her. Goldsmith, Vicar of Wakefield (1765). Burgundy (Charles the Bold, duke of), introduced by sir W. Scott in Quentin Durward and in Anne of Geierstein. The latter novel contains the duke's defeat at Nancy', and his death (time, Edward IV.). Bu'ridan's Ass. A man of inde- cision is so called from the hypothetical ass of Buridan, the Greek sophist. Bu- ridan maintained that "if an ass could be placed between two hay -stacks in sucli a way that its choice was evenlv balanced between them, it would starve to dcatli, for there would be no motive why he should choose the one and reject the other." BurleigH (William Cecil, lord), lord treasurer to queen Elizabeth (1520-1598), introduced by sir W. Scott in his his- torical novel called Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth). He is ' no of the principal charactera BURLEIGH. 144 BUSQUEUE. in The Earl of Essex , a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745). Burleigh {Lord),'a, parliamentarj'' leader, in T/ie Legend of Montrose, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Charlea I.). A lord Burleigh shake of the head, a great deal meant by a look or movement, though little or nothing is said. Puff, in his tragedy of the " Spanish Armada," introduces lord Burleigh, "who has the affairs of the whole nation in his head, and has no time to talk ; " but his lord- ship comes on the stage and shakes his head, by which he means far more than words could utter. Puff says : Why, by that shake of the head he gave you to understand that even though they had more justice in their cause and wisdom in their measures, yet, if there was not a greater spirit shown on the part of tlie people, the country would at last fall a sacrifice to the hostile ambition of the Spanish monarchy. tSnecr. Did he mean all that by shaking his head! Pnff. Every word of it. Sheridan, The Critic, ii. 1 (1779). The original " lord Burleigh " was Irish Moody [1728- lSril.Cornhin Magazine (1867). Burlesque Poetry (Father of), Hippo'nax of Ephesus (sixth century B.C.). Bur'lo-ng, a giant, whose legs sir Try'amour cut off. Romance of Sir Try- cmour. Burn Daylight (We), we waste time (in talk instead of action). Shake- speare, Merry Wives of Windsor^ act ii. BC. 1 (1601). Bumbill, Henry de Londres, arch- bishop of Dublin and lord justice of Ireland, in the reign of Henry III. It is said that he fraudulently burnt all the "bills" or instruments by which the tenants of the archbishopric held their estates. Burning Cro"wn. Regicides were at one time punished by having a crown of red-hot iron placed on their head. He was adjudged To have his head seared with a burning crown. Author unknown, Tragedy of Hoffman (1631). Burns of France {The), Jasmin, a barber of Gascony. Louis Philippe presented to him a gold watch and chain, and the duke of Orleans an emerald ring. Bur'ris, an honest lord, favourite of the great-duke of Moscovia. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1618). Busby (A), a low conical bearskin hat worn by certain British volunteers. Busby Wig (A), a punning syno- nym of a " buzzwig," the joke being a reference to Dr. Busby of Westminster School, who never wore a wig, but only a skull-cap. Business To-morrow is what Archias, one of the Spartan polemarchs in Athens, said, when a letter was handed to him respecting the insurrection of Pelopldas. He was at a banquet at the time, and thrust the letter under his cushion ; but Pelopidas, with his 400 insurgents, rushed into the room during the feast, and slew both Archias and the rest of the Spartan officers. Bu'sirane (3 syl.), an enchanter who bound Am'oret by the waist to a brazen pillar, and, piercing her with a dart, wrote magic characters with the dropping blood, "all for to make her love him." When Brit'omart approached, the en- chanter started up, and, running to Amoret, was about to plunge a knife into her heart ; but Britomart intercepted the blow, overpowered the enchanter, compelled him to "reverse his charms," and then bound him fast with his own chain. Spenser, Faery Queen, iii. 11, 12 (1590). Busi'ris, king of Egypt, was told by a foreigner that the long drought of nine years would cease when the gods of the country were mollified by human sacri- fice. "So be it," said the king, and ordered the man himself to be offered as the victim. Herod, ii. 59-61. Tis said that Egypt for nine years was dry ; Nor Nile did floods nor heaven did rain supply. A foreigner at lengtli informed the king That slaughtered guests would kindly moisture bring. The king replied, " On thee the lot shall fall ; Be thou, my guest, the sacrifice for all." Ovid, Art of Love, X, Busi'ris, supposed by Milton to be the Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea. Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew Busiris and his Menipliian chivalry. MUton, Paradise Lost, 1. 306 (1665). Bus'ne (2 syl.). So the gipsies call all who do not belong to their race. The gold of the Busne ; give me her gold. Longfellow, The Spanish Student. Busqueue (Lord), plaintiff in the great Pantagruelian lawsuit known as " lord Busqueue v. lord Suckfist," in which the parties concerned pleaded for themselves. Lord Busqueue stated his grievance and spoke so learnedly and at such length that no one understood one word about the matter ; then lord Suckfist ; replied, and the bench declared "Wej have not understood one iota of the defence." Pantag'ruel, however, gave ^USY BODY. 145 BYRON AND MARY. judgment, and as both plaintiff and defendant considered he had got the verdict, both were fully satisfied, " a thing without parallel in all the annala of the court." Rabelais, Fantagruel, ii. (1633). Busy Body (The), & comedy by Mrs. Centlivre (1709). Sir Francis Gripe (guardian of Miranda an heiress, and father of Charles), a man 65 years old, wishes to marry his ward for the sake of her money, but Miranda loves and is beloved by sir George Airy, a man of 24. She pretends to love "Gardy," and dupes him into yielding up her money and giving his consent to her marriage with "the man of her choice," believ- ing himself to be the person. Charles is in love with Isabinda, daughter of sir Jealous Traffick, who has made up his mind that she shall marry a Spaniard named don Diego Babinetto, expected to arrive forthwith. Charles dresses in a Spanish costume, passes himself off as the expected don, and is married to the lady of his choice ; so both the old men are duped, and all the young people wed according to their wishes. But are Ye sure the News is True ? This exquisite lyric is generally ascribed to William Mickle, but Sarah Tyler, in Good Woods, March, 1869, ascribes it to Jean Adam of Crawfurd's Dyke. She says, " Colin and Jean " are Colin and Jean Campbell of Crawfurd's Dyke the Jean being the poetess and writer of the poem. Butcher (The), Achmet pasha, who struck off the heads of seven of his wives at once. He defended Acre against Napo- leon I. John ninth lord Clifford, called "The Black Clifford" (died 1461). Oliver de Clisson, constable of France (1320-1407). Butcher (The Bloody), the duke of Cumberland, second son of George II. ; so called for his great barbarities in sup- pressing the rebellion of Charles Edward, the young pretender (1726-1765). Butcher of England, John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, a man of great learning and a patron of learning (died 1470). On one occasion In the reiKn of Edward IV. he ordered Clapham (a squire to lord Warwick) and nineteen others, all gentlemen, to be impaled. Stow, Warkworth, Chro- nicle {' Cont. Croyl."). Yet so barbarous was the age, that this same learned man Impaled forty Lancastrian prisoners at Southampton, put to death the infant children of the Irish chief Uesmond, nd acquired the nickname of " The Butcher of KngUuid." -Old and New LomdOH, U. 21. Butler (The Rev. Mr.), military chaplain at Madras. Sir W. Scott, The Surgeon's Daughter (time, George II.). Butler (lieuben), a presbyterian min- ister, married to Jeanie Deans. Benjamin Butler, father of Reuben. Stephen Butler, generally called " Bible Butler," grandfather of Reuben and father of Benjamin. Widow Judith Butler, Reuben's grand- mother and Stephen's wife. Euphemia or Femie Butler, Reuben's daughter. David and Revhcn Butler, Reuben's sons. Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.). Buttercup (John), a milkman. W. Brough, A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock. Buxo'ma, a shepherdess with whom Cuddy was in love. My brown Buxoma is the featest maid That e'er at wake delightsome gambol played . . . And neither lamb, nor kid, nor calf, nor Tray, Dance like Buxoma on the first of May. Gay, Pattoral, i. (1714). Buz'ftLZ (Serjeant), the pleader re- tained by Dodson and Fogg for the plaintiff in the celebrated case of " Bar- dell V. Pickwick." Serjeant Buzfuz is a driving, chaffing, masculine bar orator, who proved that Mr. Pickwick's note about "chops and tomato sauce" was a declaration of love ; and that his reminder "not to forget the warming-pan" was only a flimsy cover to express the ardour of his affection. Of course the defendant was found guilty by the enlightened jury. (His junior was Skimpin.) C. Dickens, The Pickwick Papers (1836). Buz'zard (The), in I'he Hind and the Panther, by Dr5'den (pt. iii.), is meant for Dr. Gilbert Burnet, whose figure was lusty (1643-1715). Bycorn, a fat cow, so fat that its sides were nigh to bursting, but this is no wonder, for its food was "good and enduring husbands," of which there is good store. (See Chichi-Vaciie.) Byron (The Polish), Adam Mickie- wicz (1798-1855). Byron (The ii'?issan), Alexander Ser- geivitch Puschkin (1799-1837). Byron (Miss Harriet), a beautiful and accomplished woman of high rank, de- votedly attached to sir Charles Grandison, whom ultimately she marries. Richard' son, Sir Charles Grandison (1753). Byron and Mary. The "Mary "of BYRON AND TERESA GUICGIOLI. 146 CADWALLON. Byron's song is Miss Chaworth. Both Miss Chaworth and lord Byron were wards of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth married John Musters, and lord Byron married Miss Milbanke of Durham; both equally unhappy. I have a passion for the name of " Mary," For once it was a magic name to me. Byron, Dvn Juan, y. 4 (1820). Byron and Teresa Guiccioli. *rhis lady was the wife of count Guiccioli, an old man, but very rich. Moore says that Byron "never loved but once, till he loved Teresa." Byron and the Edinburgli B- vievsr. It was Jeffrey and not Brougham who wrote the article which provoked the poet's reply. C. C (in Notes and Queries), the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker. CaaTba {Al), the shrine of Mecca, said by the Arabs to be built by Abra- ham on the exact spot of the tabernacle let down from heaven at the prayer of repentant Adam. Adam had been a wanderer for 200 years, and here received pardon. The black stone, according to one tra- dition, was once white, but was turned black by the kisses of sinners. It is "a petrified angel." According to another tradition, this stone was given to Ishmael by the angel Gabriel, and Abraham assisted his son to insert it in the wall of the shrine. Cabal, an anagram of a ministry formed by Charles II. in 1670, and con- sisting of C Clifford], A[shley], Bfuck- ingham], A[rlington], L [auderdalej . Cacafo'go, a rich, drunken usurer, stumpy and fat, choleric, a coward, and a bully. He fancies money will buy everything and every one. Beaumont and Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife (1640). Cacur'gus, the fool or domestic jester of Misog'onus. Cacurgus is a rustic simpleton and cunning mischief- maker, Thomas Rychardes, Misogonus (the third English comedy, 1560). Ca'cus, a giant who lived in a cave on mount Av'entine (3 syL). When Hercules came to Italy with the oxen which he had taken from Ger'yon of Spain, Cacus stole part of the herd, but dragged the animals by their tails into his cave, that it might be supposed they had come ovi of it. If he falls into slips, it is equally clear they were intro- duced by him on jjurpose to confuse, like Cacus, the traces of his retreat. i'nc^c. Brit. Art. "Romance." Cad, a low-bom, vulgar fellow. A cadie in Scotland was a carrier of a sedan-chair. All Edinburgh men and boys know that when sedan- chairs were discontinued, the old aidies sank into rilnous poverty, and became synonymous with roughs. The word was brought to London by James Hannay, who frequently used it M. Pringle. *^* M. Pringle assures us that the word came from Turkey. Cade'nus (3 syL), dean Swift. The word is simply de-cd-nus ("a dean"), with the first two syllables transposed (ca-de-nus). " Vanessa " is Miss Esther Vanhomrigh, a young lady who fell in love with Swift, and proposed marriage. The dean's reply is given in the poem entitled Cadenus and Vanessa [i.e. Van- Esther]. Cadu ceus, the wand of Mercury, The " post of Mercury " means the office of a pimp, and to "bear the caduceus " means to exercise the functions of a pimp. I did not think the post of Mercury-in-chief quite so honourable as it was called . . . and I resolved to aban- don the Caduceus for ever, Lesage, Oil Bias, xil. 3, 4 (1715). Cadur'ci, the people of Aquita'nia. Cad'wal. Arvir'agus, son of Cym'- beline, was so called while he lived in the woods with Bela'rius, who called himself Morgan, and whom Cadwal sup- posed to be his father. Shakespeare, Cymbeline (1605). Cadwallader, called by Bede (1 syl.) Elidwalda, son of Cadwalla king of Wales. Being compelled by pesti- lence and famine to leave Britain, he went to Armorica. After the plague ceased he went to Rome, where, in 689, he was baptized, and received the name of Peter, but died very soon afterwards. Cadwallader that drave [sailed'] to the Armoric shore. Drayton, Polyolbion, vs.. (1613^ Cadwallader, the misanthrope in Smol- ^^ lett's Peregrine Pickle (1751). Cad^vall'on, son of the blinded Cyne'tha. Both father and son accom- panied prince Madoc to North America CADWALLON. 14? C^.SAR. in the twelfth centurv. Southey, Modoc (1805). Cadwal'lon, the favourite bard of prince Gwenwyn. He entered the ser- vice of sir Hugo de Lacy, disguised, under the assumed name of Renault Vidal. Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Cae'cias, the north-west wind. Ar- gestes is the north-east, and Bo'reas the full north. Boreas and CsBcIaa and Argestes loud . . rend the woods, and seas upturn. Milton, Paradite Lott, x. 699, etc. (1665). Caelesti'na, the bride of sir Walter Terill. The king commanded sir Walter to bring his bride to court on the night of her marriage. Her father, to save her honour, gave her a mixture supposed to be poison, but in reality it was only a sleeping draught. In due time the bride recovered, to the amusement of the king and delight of her husband. Th. Dekker, Satiro-mastix (1602). CaB'neiis [Se.nuce'] was bom of the female sex, and was originally called Csenis. Vain of her beauty, she rejected all lovers, but was one day surprised by Neptune, who offered her violence, changed her sex, converted her name to Ceneus, and gave her (or rather him) the gift of being invulnerable. In the wars of the Lap'ithae, Ceneus offended Jupiter, and was overwhelmed under a pile of wood, but came forth converted into a yellow bird, ^neas found Ceneus in the infernal regions restored to the feminine sex. The order is inverted by sir John Davies : And how was Cicneus made at first a man. And then a wonuui, then a man again. Orchettra, etc. (1618). Caesar, said to be a Punic word meaning " an elephant," " Quod avus ejus in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem " (Plin. Hist. viii. 7). There are old coins stamped on the one side with DIVUS JULIUS, the reverse hav- ing S.P.Q.R. with an elephant, in allu- sion to tlie African original. In Targum Jonathanls Cesira extat, notione affine, pro Bcuto vel clypeo ; et furtasse hide est quod, Punica lingua, elephas "Csesar " dicebatm-, quasi tutamen et prsesidium legionum. asaubon. Animadv, in TranquUl, I. C^sar {Caius Jvlius). Somewhere I've read, but where I forget, he could dic- tate Seven letters at once, at the same time writing hia memoirs . . . Better be first, he said, in a little Iberian village Than be second in Kome, and I think he was right when he said it. Twice wtks he married before he was 20, and manjr timet after ; Battles 500 he fought, and a thousand cities he con- quered ; But was finally stabbed by his friend the orator Brutus. Longfellow, CourUhip of MUet Standith, iL (Longfellow refers to Pliny, vii. 25, where he says that Cajsar " could employ, at one and the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to read, his hand to write, and his tongue to dictate." He is said to have conquered 300 nations ; to have taken 800 cities, to have slain in battle a million men, and to have defeated three millions. See below, Caesar's Wars.) Ccesar and his Fortune. Plutarch says that Caesar told the captain of the vessel in which he sailed that no harm could come to his ship, for that he had " Caesar and his fortune with him." Now am I like that proud insulting ship. Which Csestir and his fortune bare at once. Shakespeare, 1 Uenr}/ VI. act 1. ac. 2 (1589). Ccesar saves his Commentaries. Once, when Julius Caesar was in danger of being upset into the sea by the overload- ing of a boat, he swam to the nearest ship, with his book of Commentaries in his hand. Suetonius. CcBsar''s Wars. The carnage occa- sioned by the wars of Caesar is usually estimated at a million fighting men. He won 320 triumphs, and fought 600 bat- tles. See above, C-assAU {Caius Julius). What millions died that Ccesar might ) gi-eat I CaaipbeU, The Pleature* of Hope, U. (1799). Ccesar'' s Famous Despatch, " Veni, vidi, vici," written to the senate to announce his overthrow of Phamaces king of Pontus. This "hop, skip, and a jump" was, however, the work of three days. CcBsar's Death. Both Chaucer and Shakespeare say that Julius Caesar was killed in the capitol. Thus Polonius says to Hamlet, " I did enact Julius Caesar ; I was killed i' the capitol " (Hamlet, act iii, sc. 2). And Chaucer says : This Julius to the capItoW wente . . . And in the capitole anon him heiile This false Brutus, and his other soon. And sticked him with bodSkins anon. Canterbury Tales ("The Monk's Tale," 1388). Plutarch expressly tells us he was killed in Pompey's Porch or Piazza ; and in Julius Ccesar Shakespeare says he fell '* e'en at the base of Pompey's statue " (act iii. BC. 2). Ccesar, the Mephistoph'elSs of Byron's unfinished drama called The Deformed Transformed. This Caesar changes Ar- nold (the hunchback) into the form of Achilles, and assumes himself the de- formity and ugliness which Arnold oasts CiESAR. 148 CAIN AND ABEL. off. The drama being incomplete, all that can be said is that " Caesar," in cynicism, effrontery, and snarling bitter- ness of spirit, is the exact counterpart of his prototype, Mephistopheles (1821). Cccsar {Don)^ an old man of 63, the father of Olivia. In order to induce his daughter to marry, he makes love to Marcella, a girl of 16. Mrs. Cowley, A Bold Stroke for a Husband (1782). Cse'sarism, the absolute rule of man over man, with the recognition of no law divine or human beyond that of the ruler's will. Caesar must be summus pontifex as well as imperator. Dr. Manning, On Ccesarism (1873). (See Chauvinism.) Gael, a Highlander of the western coast of Scotland. These Cael had colonized, in very remote times, the northern parts of Ireland, as the Fir-bolg or Belgae of Britain had colonized the southern parts. The two colonies had each a separate king. When Crothar was king of the Fir-bolg (or "lord of Atha"), he carried off Conla'ma, daughter of the king of Ulster {i.e. "chief of the Cael"), and a general war ensued between the two races. The Cael, being reduced to the last extremity, sent to Trathal (Fingal's grandfather) for help, and Trathal sent over Con'ar, who was chosen " king of the Cael " immediately he landed in IJlster ; and having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, he assumed the title of " king of Ireland." The Fir-bolg, though con- quered, often rose in rebellion, and made many efforts to expel the race of Conar, but never succeeded in so doing. Ossian. Caer Ery'ri, Snowdon. ('r?/n means *an eyrie" or "eagle's nest.") . . . once the wondering forester at dawn . . . On Caer Eryri's highest found the king. Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. Caer Gwent, Venta, that is, Gwent- ceaster, Wintan-ceaster (or Wincheste?-) . The word Gwent is Celtic, and means " a fair open region." Caer'leon or Caerle'on, on the Usk, in Wales, the chief royal residence of king Arthur. It was here that he kept at Pentecost "his Round Table" in great (splendour. Occasionally these " courts " were held at Camelot. Where, as at Caer'leon oft, he kept the Table Round, Most famoiu for the sport, at Pentecost. Drayton. Polyolbion. iii. (1612). For Arthur on the Whitsuntide before Held court at old Caerle'on-upon-Usk. Tennyson, Enid. Caerleon (The Battle of), one of the twelve great victories of prince Arthur over the Saxons. This battle was not fought, as Tennyson says, at Caerleon- upon-Usk, in the South of Wales, but at Caerleon, now called Carlisle. Cages for Men. Alexander the Great had the philosopher Callisthenes chained for seven months in an iron cage, for refusing to pay him divine honours. Catherine II. of Russia kept her perru- quier for more than three years in an iron cage in her bed-chamber, to prevent his telling people that she wore a wig. Mons. de Masson, Me'moires Secrets sur la Eussie. Edward I. confined the countess of Buchan in an iron cage, for placing the crown of Scotland on the head of Bruce. This cage was erected on one of the towers of Berwick Castle, where the countess was exposed to the rigour of the elements and the gaze of passers-by. One of the sisters of Bruce was similarly dealt with. Louis XI. confined cardinal Balue (grand-almoner of France) for tenyears'in an iron cage in the castle of Loches [ZosA]. Tamerlane enclosed the sultan Bajazet in an iron cage, and made of him a public show. So says D'Herbelot. An iron cage w.as made by Tlmour's command, com- posed on every side of Iron gratings, through which the captive sultjin [Bajjizet] could be seen in any d.rection. He travelled in this den slung between two horses. Leun- clavius. Caglios'tro (Count de), the assumed name of Joseph Balsamo (1743-1795). Ca ira, one of the most popular revolutionary songs, composed forthe Fete de la Fe'deration, in 1789, to the tune of Le Carillon National. Marie Antoinette was for ever strumming this air on her harpsichord. " Ca ira" was the rallying cry borrowed by the Federalists from Dr. Franklin, who used to say, in reference to the American Revolution, Ah 1 ah ! pa ira ! pa ira ! (" It will speed "). 'Twos all the same to him God save the King, Or Ca ira. Byron, Don Juan, iii. 84 (1820). Cain and Abel are called in the Koran " Kabil and Habil." The tradition is that Cain was commanded to marry Abel's sister, and Abel to marry Cain's, but Cain demurred because his own sister was the more beautiful, and so the matter was referred to God, and God answered " No " by rejecting Cain's sacrifice. The Mohammedans also say that Cain carried about with him the dead body of Abel, till he saw a raven scratch a hole in the ground to bury a dead bird. The hint was taken, and Abel was buried under ground. Sale's Koran, v. notes. CAIN-COLOURED BEARD. 149 CALDERON. Cain-coloured Beard, Cain and Judas in old tapestries and paintings are always represented with yellow beards. He bath a little wee face, with a little yellow beard ; a Cain -coloured beard. Shakespeare, iltrry Wivet of Windtor, act i. se. 4 (1601). Cain's Hill. Maundrel tells us that " some four miles from Damascus is a high hill, reported to be the same on which Cain slew his brother Abel." Travels^ 131. In that place where Damascus was founded, Kayn sloughe Abel his brother. Sir John Maundeville, Travel*, 148. Caina [^KaJ.naK], the place to which murderers are doomed. Caina waits The soul who spills man's life. Dante. Uell, V. (1300). CairHbar, son of Borbar-Duthul, "lord of Atha" (Connaught), the most potent of the race of the Fir-bolg. He rose in rebellion against Cormac *' king of Ire- land," murdered him {Temora, i.), and usurped the throne ; but Fingal (who was distantly related to Cormac) went to Ire- land with an army, to restore the ancient dynasty. Cairbar invited Oscar (Fingal's grandson) to a feast, and Oscar accepted the invitation, but Cairbar having pro- voked a quarrel with his guest, the two fought, and both were slain. " Thy heart is a rock. Thy thoughts are dark and bloody. Thou art the brother of Cathmor . . . but my soul is not like thine, thou feeble hand in fight The light of my bosom h stained by thy deeds." Ossian, Temora, i. Cair'bre (2 syl.), sometimes called " Cair'bar," third king of Ireland, of the Caledonian line. (There was also a Cair- bar, "lord of Atha," a Fir-bolg, quite a different person.) The Caledonian line ran thus: (1) Conar, first "king of Ireland;" (2) Cor- mac I., his son ; (3) Cairbre, his son ; (4) Artho, his son ; (5) Cormac II., his son ; (6) Ferad- Artho, his cousin. Ossian. Cai'us (2 syl.), the assumed name of the earl of Kent when he attended on king Lear, after Goneril and Re'gan re- fused to entertain their aged father with his suite. Shakespeare, King Lear (1605). Cai'us (Dr.), a French physician, whose servants are Rugby and Mrs. Quickly. Shakespeare, Merry Wives of Windsor (1601). The clipped English of Dr. Caius. Macaulay. Cai'us College (Cambridge), origin- ally Gonville Hall. In 1557 it was erected into a college by Dr. John Key, of Norwich, and called after him Caina ot Key's College. Cakes (Land of). Scotland, famous for its oatmeal cakes. Calandri'no, a character in the De^ Cameron, whose "misfortunes have made all Europe merry for four centuries." Boccaccio, Decameron, viii. 9 (1350). Calan'tha, princess of Sparta, loved by Ith'ocles. Ithocles induces his sister, Penthe'a, to break the matter to the prin- cess. This she does ; the princess is won to requite his love, and the king consents to the union. During a grand court cere- mony Calantha is informed of the sudden death of her father, another announces to her that Penthea had starved herself to death from hatred to Bass'anes, and a third follows to tell her that Ithocles, her betrothed husband, has been murdered. Calantha bates no jot of the ceremony, but continues the dance even to the bitter end. The coronation ensues, but scarcely is the ceremony over than she can sup- port the strain no longer, and, broken- hearted, she falls dead. John Ford, The Broken Heart (1633). Calan'tha (3 srjl.), the betrothed wife of Pyth'ias the Syracusian. J. Banim, Damon and Pythias (1825). Cala'ya, the third paradise of the Hindus. Cal'culator (The). Alfragan the Arabian astronomer was so called (died A.D. 820). Jedediah Buxton, of Elmeton, in Derbyshire, was also called "The Cal- culator" (1705-1775). George Bidder, Zerah Colburn, and a girl named Hey- wood (whose father was a Mile End weaver), all exhibited their calculating powers in public. Pascal, in 1642, made a calculating machine, which was improved by Leibnitz. C. Babbage also invented a calculating machine (1790-1871). Calcut'ta is Kali-cuttah ("temple of the goddess Kali "). Cal'deron (Don Pedro), a Spanish poet born at Madrid (1600-1681). At the age of 52 he became an ecclesiastic, and composed religious poetry only. Al- together he wrote about 1000 dramatic pieces. Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart AH Cal'deron and greater part of Ix)pOW.) Calyp'so, in Telemaqiie, a prose-epic by Fe'nelon, is meant for Mde. de Mon- tespan. In mythology she was queen of the island Ogyg'ia, on which Ulyssgs was wrecked, and where he was detained for seven years. Calypso's Isle, Ogygia, a mythical island " in the navel of the sea." Some consider it to be Gozo, near Malta. Ogygia (not the island) is Boeo'tia, in Greece. Cama'cho, " richest of men," makes grand preparations for his wedding with Quite'ria, " fairest of women," but as the bridal party are on their way, Basil'ius cheats him .of his bride, by pretending to kill himself. As it is supposed that Basilius is dying, Quiteria is married to Uim aa a mere matter of form, to soothe his last moments ; but when the service la oyer, up jumps Basilius, and shows that his "mortal wounds" are a mere pretence. Cervantes, an episode in Don Quixote, II. ii. 4 (1615). Camalodu'num, Colchester. Girt by half the tribes of Britain, near the colony Camu- lodine. Tennyson, Boadiy,ea, Caman'ches (3 syL) or Coman'- CHES, an Indian tribe of the Texas (United States). It is a caravan, whitening the desert where dwell the Camanches. Longfellow, To the Driving Cloud. Camaral'zainan, prince of " the Island of the Children of Khal'edan, situate in the open sea, some twenty days' sail from the coast of Persia." He was the only child of Schah'zaman and Fatima, king and queen of the island. He was very averse to marriage ; but one night, by fairy influence, being shown Badou'ra, only child of the king of China, he fell in love with her and exchanged rings. Next day both in- quired what had become of the other, and the question was deemed so ridiculous that each was thought to be mad. At length Marzavan (foster-brother of the princess) solved the mystery. He induced the prince Camaralzaman to go to China, where he was recognized by the princess and married her. (The name means "the moon of the period.") ^ra6ja/ Nights (" Camaralzaman and Badoura "). Cam'ballo, the second son of Cam- buscan' king of Tartary, brother of Al'garsife (3 syl.) and Can'ace (3 syl.). He fought with two knights who asked the lady Canace to wife, the terms being that none should have her till he had succeeded in worsting Camballo in combat. Chaucer does not give us the sequel of this tale, but Spenser says that three brothers, named Priamond, Dia- mond, and Triamond were suitors, and that Triamond won her. The mother of these three (all bom at one birth) was Ag'ape, who dwelt in Faery-land (bk. iv. 2). Spenser makes Cambi'na (daughter of Agape) the lady-love of Camballo. Camballo is also called Camballus .ind Cambel . Camballo's Ring, given him by his sister Canace, " had power to stanch all wounds that mortally did bleed." Well mote ye wonder how that nobie knight. After he had so often wounded been, Could stand on foot now to renew the fight . , . CAMBALU. 154 CAMBUSCAN. 11 WSJ thro' virtue of the ring he wore ; The which not only did not from him let One drop of blood to fall, but did restore His weakened powers, and his dulled spirits whet. Spenser, FaSry queen, iv. 2 (1596). Cam'balu, the royal residence of the cham of Cathay (a province of Tartary). Milton speaks of " Cambalu, seat of Cathayan Q&n." Paradise Lost, xi. 388 (1665). Cam'baluc, spoken of by Marco Polo, is Pekin. Cambel, called by Chaucer Cam'- ballo, brother of Can'ace (3 syl.). He challenged every suitor to his sister's hand, and overthrew them all except Tri'amond. The match between Cambel and Triamond was so evenly balanced, that both would have been killed had not Cambi'na interfered. (See next art.) Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 3 (1596). Cambi'na, daughter of the fairy Ag'ape (3 syl.). She had been trained in magic by her mother, and when Cam'ballo, son of Cambuscan', had slain two of her brothers and was engaged in deadly combat with the third (named Tri'amond), she appeared in the lists in her chariot drawn by two lions, and brought with her a cup of nepenthe, which had the power of converting hate to love, of producing oblivion of sorrow, andofinspiringthemindwith celestial joy. Cambina touched the combatants witli her wand and paralyzed them, then giving them the cup to drink, dissolved their animosity, assuaged their pains, and filled them with gladness. The end was that Camballo made Cambina his wife, and Triamond married Can'ace. Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 3 (1596). Cam'bria, Wales. According to legend, it is so called from Camber, the son of Brute. This legendary king divided his dominions at death between his three sons : Locrin had the southern part, hence called Loegria (England) ; Camber the west (Wales) ; and Albanact the north, called Albania (Scotland). From Cambria's curse, from Cambria's tears. Gray, The Bard (1787). Cam'briaii, Welsh, pertaining to Cambria or Wales. Cambridge University, said to have been founded by Sebert or Segbert king of Essex, the reputed founder of St. Peter's, Westminster (604). Wise Segbert, worthy prfUse, preparing us the seat Of famous Cambridge first, then with endowments great, The Muses to maintain, those sisters thither brought. Drajtoa, PolyoWon, xi. (1613). Cambridge Boat Crew, light blue, the Oxford being dark blue. Cuius, light blue and black ; Catherine's^ blue and white; Christ's, common blue; Clare, black and golden yellow ; Corpus, cherry and white ; Downing, chocolate ; Fm- manuel, cherry and dark blue ; Jesus, red and black ; John's, bright red and white ; King's, violet ; Magdelen, indigo and laven- der ; Pembroke, claret and French grey ; Feterhouse, dark blue and white ; Queen's, green and white ; Sydney, red and blue ; Trinity, dark blue ; Trinity Hall, black and white. Cambridge on the Charles, contains Harvard University, founded 1636 at Cambridge on the river Charles (Massachusetts), and endowed in 1639 by the Rev. John Harvard. theologian from the school Of Cambridge on the Charles, was there. Longfellow, The Wayide Inn (prelude). Cambuscan', king of Sarra, in the land of Tartar^ ; the model of all royal virtues. His wife was El'feta; his two sons Al'garsife (3 syl.) and Cam'ballo ; and his daughter Can'ace (3 syl. ) . Chaucer accents the 7as^ syllable, but Milton erroneously throws the accent on the middle syllable. Thus Chaucer says : And so befell that when this Cambosoin' . . k And again : This Cambuican', of which I have you told . . Squire's Tate. But Milton, in H Penseroso, says : Him who left half-told The story of Cambui'can bold. The accent might be preserved by a slight change, thus : Him who left of old The tale of Cambuscan' half-told. Cambuscan had three presents sent him by the king of Araby and Ind : (1) a horse of brass, which would within a single day transport its rider to the most distant region of the world ; (2) a tren- chant sword, which would cut through the stoutest armour, and heal a sword-wound by simply striking it with the flat of the blade ; (3) a mirror, which would reveal conspiracies, tell who were faithful and loyal, and in whom trust might be confided. He also sent Cambuscan's daughter Canace a ring that she might know the virtues of all plants, and by aid of which she would be able to under- stand the language of birds, and even to converse with them. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ("The Squire's Tale," 1388). CAMBYSES. 155 CAMLAN. ( Camby'ses (3 syi.), a pompous, ranting character in Preston's tragedy of that name. I must speak !n passion, and I will do it iaking Cam- byseg' vein. Shakespeare, 1 Henry IV. act ii. sc. 4 (1597). Camby'ses and Smerdis. Cam- byses king of Persia killed his brother Smerdis from the wild suspicion of a mad man, and it is only charity to think that lie was really non compos mentis. Behold Cambisms and his fatal daye . . . While he his brother Mergus cast to slaye, A dreadful thing, his wittes were him iJereft. T. Sackville, A Mirrourfor Magittraytei ("TheComplaynt," 1587). Camdeo, the god of love in Hindii mythology. Camel. The pelican is called the "river camel," in French c/tameau cTeaw, and in Arabic jimm^l el bahar. We saw abundance of camels [i.: pelieant], but they did not come near enough for us to shoot them. Norden, Voyage. Cam.eliard (3 syl.)^ the realm of Lcod'ogran or Leod'ogrance, father of Guin'evere (3 syl.) wife of king Arthur. Leodogmn, the king of Cameliard Had one fair daughter and none other child . . . Guinevere, and in lier his one delight. Tennyson, Coming of Arthur. Cam'elot (3 syl.). There are two places so called. The place referred to in King Lear is in Cornwall, but that of Arthurian renown was in Winchester. In regard to the first Kent says to Cornwall, "Goose, if I had you upon Sarum Plain I'd drive ye cackling home to Camelot," i.e. to Tintag'il or Camelford, the "home " of the duke of Cornwall. But the Came- lot of Arthur was in WinchesttT, where visitors are still shown certain large en- trenchments once pertaining to " king Arthur's palace." Sir Balin's sword waa put into marble stone, standing It upright as a great millstone, and it swam down the stream to the city of Camelot, that is, in English, Winchester. Sir T. Malory, history of Prince Arthur, L 44 (1470). *^* In some places, even in Arthurian romance, Camelot seems the city on the Camel, in Cornwall. Thus, when sir Tristram left Tintagil to go to Ireland, a tempest "drove him back to Camelot" (pt. ii. 19). Camil'la, the virgin queen of the Volscians, famous for her fleetness of foot. She aided Turnus against Mneas. Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain, Fliea o'er th' itnbending corn, or skims along the main. Pope. Camilla, wife of Anselmo of Florence. Anselmo, in order to rejoice in her incor- raptible fidelity, induced his friend Lo- thario to try to corrupt her. This he did, and Camilla was not trial-proof, but fell. Anselmo for a time was kept in the dark, but at the end Camilla eloped with Lo- thario. Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle, and Camilla died in a convent. Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. iv. 5, 6 ("Fatal Curiosity," 1605). Camille' (2 syl.), in Comeille's tragedy of Les Horaces (1039). When her brother meets her and bids her congratulate him for his victory over the three curiatii, she gives utterance to her grief for the death of her lover. Horace says, "What ! canyon prefer a man to the interests of Rome ? " Whereupon Camille denounces Rome, and concludes with these words : "Oh that it were my lot ! " When Mdlle. Rachel first appeared in the character of " Ca- mille," she took Paris by storm (1838). Voir le dernier Komain k son dernier soupir, Moi seule en tre cause, et mourir de plaisir. *^* Whitehead has dramatized the sub- ject and called it The Roman Father (1741). Cam.illo, a lord in the Sicilian court, and a very good man. Being commanded by king Leontes to poison Polixenes, instead of doing so he gave him warning, and fled with him to Bohemia. Whe^ Pclixenes ordered his son FlorTzel to abandon Perdita, Camillo persuaded the young lovers to seek refuge in Sicily, and induced Leontes, the king thereof, to protect them. As soon as Polixenes discovered that Perdita was Leontes' daughter, he readily consented to the union which before he had forbidden. Shake- speare, The Winter's Tale (1604). Cami'ola, "the maid of honour," a lady of great wealth, noble spirit, and great beauty. She loved Bertoldo (brother of Roberto king of the two Sici- lies), and when Bertoldo was taken prisoner at Sienna, paid his ransom. Bertoldo before his release was taken before Aurelia, the duchess of Sienna. Aurelia fell in love with him, and pro- posed marriage, an offer which Bertoldo accepted. The betrothed then went to Palermo to be introduced to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct of the base young prince. Roberto was dis- gusted at his brother, Aurelia rejected him with scorn, and Camiola retired to a nunnery. Massinger, Tlie Maid of Honour (1037). Camlan (in Cornwall), now the river Alan or Camel, a contraction of Cara-alan CAMLOTTE. 156 CANDAYA. ("the crooked river"), so called from its continuous windings. Here Arthur re- ceived his death-wound from the hand of his nephew Mordred or Modred, a.d. 542. Camel . . . Frantic ever since her British Arthur's blood. By Mordred's murtherous hand, was mingled with her flood. For as that river best might boast that conqueror's breath ibirthl So sadly she bemoans his too untimely death. M. Drayton, Polyolbion, L (1612). Cam'lotte (2 syl.), shoddy, fustian, rubbish, as Cest de la camlotte ce qui vous dltes-la. Cam'omile (3 syl.), says FalstafF, ** the more it is trodden on the faster it grows." Shakespeare,! Henry IV. actii. sc. 4 (1597). Though the camemiJe, the more it is trodden and pressed downe, the more it spreadetli ; yet the violet, the oftener it is handled and touched, the sooner it withereth and decayeth. Lilly, Euphues. Campa'nia, the plain country about Cap'ua, the terra di Lavo'ro of Italy. Campas'pe (3 syl.), mistress of Alex- ander. He gave her up to Apelles, who had fallen in love with her while painting her likeness. Pliny, Hist. xxxv. 10. John Lyly produced, in 1583, a drama entitled Cupid and Campaspe, in which is the well-known lyric : Cupid and my Campasp* played At cards for kisses ; Cupid paid. Campbell (Captain), called "Green Colin Campbell," or Bar'caldine (3 syL), Sir W. Scott, The. Highland Widow (time, George II.). Campbell (General), called "Black Colin Campbell," in the king's service. He suffers the papist conspirators to depart unpunished. Sir W. Scott, Bed- gauntlet (time, George III.). Campbell (Sir Duncan), knight of Ar- denvohr, in the marquis of Argyll's army. He was sent as ambassador to the earl of Montrose. Lady Mary Campbell, sir Duncan's wife. Sir Duncan Campbell of Aux)henbreck, an officer in the army of the marquis of Argyll. Murdoch Campbell, a name assumed by the marquis of Argyll. Disguised as "a servant, he visited Dalgetty and M'Eagh in the dungeon, but the prisoners over- mastered him, bound him fast, locked him in the dungeon, and escaped. Sir VV. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles I.), Campbell (The lady Mary), daughter of the duke of Argyll. The lady Caroline Campbell, sister of lady Mary. Sir W. Scott, Heart of Mid- lothian (time, George II.). Campeador [Kam.pay'. dor}, the Cid, who was called Mio Cid el Campeiidor (" my lord the champion "). " Cid " is a corruption of said (" lord "). Campo-Basso (The count of), an officer in the duke of Burgundy's army, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, Quentin Durvoard and Anne of Geierstein, both laid in the time of Edward IV. Can'a, a kind of grass plentiful in the heathy morasses of the north. If on the heath she moved, her breast was whiter than the down of cana ; if on the seii-beat shore, than the foam of the rolling ocean. Ossian, Cath-Loda, iu Can'ace (3 syl.), daughter of Cam- buscan', and the paragon of women. Chaucer left the tale half -told, but Spenser makes a crowd of suitors woo her. Her brother Cambel or Cam'ballo resolved that none should win his sister who did not first overthrow him in fight. At length Tri'amond sought her hand, and was so nearly matched in fight with Can: - ballo, that both would have been killed, if Cambi'na, daughter of the fairy Ag'ap^ (3 syl.), had not interfered. Cambina gave the wounded combatants nepenthe, which had the power of converting enmity to love ; so the combatants ceased from fight, Camballo took the fair Cambina to wife, and Triamond married Canace. Chaucer, Squire's Tale; Spenser, Fairy Queen, iy. 3 (1596). Canace's Mirror, a mirror which told the inspectors if the persons on whom they set their affections would prove true or false. Canace' s Ring. The king of Araby and Ind sent Canace, daughter of Cambus- can' (king of Sarra, in Tartary), a ring which enabled her to understand the language of birds, and to know the medical virtues of all herbs. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (" The Squire's Tale," 1388). Candau'les (3 syl.), king of Lydia, who exposed the charms of his wife to Gy'ges. The queen was so indignant that she employed Gyges to murder her husband. She then married the assassin, who became king of Lydia, and reigned twenty-eight years (b.c. 716-688). Canday'a (The kingdom of), situate CANDID FRIEND. 157 CANTON. between the great Trapoba'na and the South Sea, a couple of leagues beyond cape Com'orin. Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. iii. 4 (1615). Candid Friend. * Save me, oh, save me, from a candid friend ! " (See Hater.) Give me th" avowed, the erect, the open foe, Him I can meet, perhaps may turn liis blow; But of all friends that Heaven in wratli can send. Save me, oh, save me, from a candid friend ! Canning. Candide' (2 syl.)^ the hero of Vol- taire's novel of the same name. All conceivable misfortunes are piled on his head, but he bears them with cynical indifference. Voltaire says "No." He tells you that Candide Found life most tolerable after meals. Byrou, b<% Juan, v. 31 (1820). Candour (Mrs.), the beau-ideal of female backbiters. Sheridan, The School for Scandal (1777). The name of "Mrs. Candour" has become one of those formidable by-words which have more power in putting folly and ill-nature out of countenance than whole volumes of the wisest remonstrance and reasoning. T. Moore. Since the days of Miss Pope, It may be questioned whether " Mrs. Candour" has ever found a more admirable representative than Mrs. Stirling. />ra/a-pocrite. L. Hunt. Canute' or Cnut and Edmund Ironside. William of Malmesbury says : When Cnut and Edmund were ready for their sixth battle in Gloucester- shire, it was arranged between them to decide their respective claim.s by single combat. Cnut was a small man, and Edmund both tall and strong; so Cnut said to his adversary, "We both lay claim to the kingdom in right of our fathers; lot us, therefore, divide it and make peace ; " and tbey did so. Caiiatu-s of Uie two that furthest was from hope . . . Cries, " Noble Edmund, liold I Let us Uie land divide." . . . and all aloud do cry, " Courageous kings, divide I 'Twere pity such should die," Drayton, Polyoltnon, xii. (1613). Canute'' s Bird, the knot, a corruption of " Knut," the Cinclus bellonii, of which king Canute was extremely fond. The knot, that called was Canutus' bird of old, Oi that great king of Danes, his name that still doth hold, His appetite to please . . . from Denmark hither brought. Drayton, Pofyolbion, xxv. (162'2). Can'jmge {Sir William), is re- presented in the Rotcley Romance as a rich. God-fearing merchant, devoting much money to the Church, and much to literature. He was, in fact, a Msece'nas, of princely hospitality, living in the Ked House. The priest Rowley was his " Horace.'" Chatterton (1752- 1770). Ca'ora, inhabited by men "whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders." (See Blemmyes.) On that branch which ie .-^.illed Caora are [uie] a nation f people whose heades appeare not above their shoulders. They are reported to have their eyes in their shonlde?^ and their mouthes in the middle of their breasts.* Hackluyt, Voyage (1598). (Raleigh, in his Description of Guiana (1596), also gives an account of men whose "heads do grow beneath their shoulders.") Capability Bro"wn, Launcelot Brown, the English landscape gardener (1715-1783). Cap'aneus (3 syl.), a man of gigantic stature, enormous strength, and headlong valour. He was impious to the gods, but faithful to his friends. Capaneus was one of the seven heroes who marched against Thebes (1 syl.), and was struck dead by a thunderbolt for declaring that not Jupiter himself should prevent his scaling the city walls. *^* The "Mezentius" of Virgil and " Argante " of Tasso are similar characters ; but the Greek CapSneus exceeds Mezen- tius in physical daring and Argante in impiety. Cape of Storms, now called the Cape of Good Hope. It was Bartholomew Diaz who called it Cabo Tormentoso (1486), and king Juan II. who changed the name. Capitan, a boastful, swaggering coward, in several French farces and comedies prior to the time of Moliere. Caponsac'chi {Guiseppe), the young priest under whose protection Pompilia fled from her husband to Rome. The husband and his friends said the elope- ment was criminal ; but Pompilia, Capon- sacchi, and their friends maintained that the young canon simply acted the part of a chivalrous protector of a young woman who was married at 15, and who fled from a brutal husband who ill-treated her. R. Browning, 2'he Ring and the Book. Capstern {Captain), captain of an East Indiaman, at Madras. Sir W. Scott, The Swyeon's Daughter (time, George II.). Captain, Manuel Comne'nus of Treb'izond (1120, 1143-1180). Captain of Kent. So Jack Cade called himself (died 1450). The Great Captain {el Gran Capitano), Gonzalvodi Cor'dova (1463-1515). The People's Captain {el Capitano del JPopolo), Guiseppe Garibaldi (1807- ). Captain {A Copper), a poor_ captain, whose swans are all geese, his jewellery paste, his guineas counters, his achieve- CAPTAIN. 159 CARACTACUS. merits tongue-doughtiness, and his whole man Brummagem. To thJg copper captain was confided the command of the troops. W. Irvhig. Let all the world view here the captain's treasure . . Here's a goodly jewel . . . See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes, . . . And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearLs . . . Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits. Put these and them on, you're a man of copper ; A kind of candlestick ; a copper, copper captain. Beaumont and Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife (1640). Captain {A led), a poor obsequious captain, who is led about as a cavalier servante by those who find him hospitality and pay nunky for him. He is not the leader of others, as a captain ought to be, but is by others led. Wlien you quarrel with the family of Blandish, you only leave refined cookery to be fed upon scraps by a poor cousin or a led captain. Burgoyne, The Heiress, v. 3 (1781). Captain (The Black), lieutenant-colonel Dennis Davidoff, of the Russian army. In the French invasion he was called by the French Le Capitaine Noir. Captain Loys \_Lo.is]. Louise Labe' was so called, because in early life she embraced the profession of arms, and gave repeated proofs of great valour. She was also called La Belle Cordiere. Louise Labe' was a poetess, and has left several sonnets full of passion, and some good elegies (1526-1566). Captain Right, a fictitious com- mander, the ideal of the rights due to Ireland. In the last century the peasants of Ireland were sworn to captain Right, as chartists were sworn to their articles of demand called their charter. Shake- speare would have furnished them with a good motto, *' Use every man after his desert, and who shall 'scape whipping ? " {Hamlet, act ii. sc. 2). Captain Rock, a fictitious name assumed by the leader of certain Irish insurgents in 1822, etc. All notices, summonses, and so on, were signed by this name. Captain is a Bold Man {The), a popular phrase at one time. Peachum applies the expression to captain Mac- heath. Gay, The Beggar's Opera (1727). Capu'einade (4 syl.). '* A capu- cinade " is twaddling composition, or wishy-washy literature. The term is derived from the sermons of the Capu- chins, which were notoriously incorrect in doctrine and debased in style. It was a vague discourse, the rhetoric of an old pro- fessor, a mere capucliiade. Lesage, Gil Bias, vii. 4 (1715). Cap'ulet, head of a noble house of Verona, in feudal enmity with the house of Mon'tague (3 syl.). Lord Capulet is a jovial, testy old man, seK-willed, pre- judiced, and tyrannical. Lady Capulet, wife of lord Capulet and mother of Juliet. Shakespeare, Borneo and Juliet (1598). Then lady Capulet conies sweeping by with her train of velvet, her black hood, her fan, and her rosary, the very beau-Ideal of a proud Italian matron of the fifteenth century, whose ofi"er to poison Romeo in revenge for the death of Tybalt stamps her with one very characteristic trait of the age and country. Yet she loves her daughter, and there is a touch of remorseful tenderness in her lamentation over her. Mrs. Jameson. (Lord Capulet was about 60. He had "left off masking" for above thirty years (act i. sc. 5), and lady Capulet was only 28, as she tells the nurse ; but her daughter Juliet was a marriageable woman.) The Tomb of all the Capulets. Burke, in a letter to Matthew Smith, says: "I would rather sleep in the corner of a little country church-yard than in the tomb of all the Capulets." It does not occur in Shakespeare. Capys, a blind old seer, who pro- phesied to Romulus the military triumphs of Rome from its foundation to the de- struction of Carthage. In the hall-gate snt Capys, Capys the sightless seer ; From head to foot he trembled As Romulus drew near. And up stood stiff his thin white hair,' And his blind eyes flashed fire. Lord Macaulay, Lays 0/ ATicient E(yme {"Tho Prophecy of Capys, "xi.). Car'abas {Le marquis de), an hypo- thetical title to express a fossilized* old aristocrat, who supposed the whole world made for his behoof. The " king owes his throne to him;" he can "trace his pedigree to Pepin ; " his youngest son is "sure of a mitre;" he is too noble "to pay taxes ; " the very priests share their tithes with him ; the country was made for his " hunting-ground ; " and, there- fore, as Be'ranger says : Chai)eau bas 1 chapeau has 1 Gloire au marquis de Carabas I The name occurs in Perrault's tale of Puss in Boots, but it is Beranger's song (1816) which has given the word its present meaning. Carae'ci of Prance, Jean Jouve* net, who was paralyzed on the right side, and painted with his left hand (1647- 1707). Carac'tacus or Caradoc, king of th Sil'ures {Monmouthshire , etc.). For CARACUL. 160 CARDS OF COMPLIMENT. Iiine years he withstood the Roman arms, but being defeated by Osto'rius Scap'ula, the Roman general, he escaped to Bri- gantia {Yorkshire, etc.) to crave the aid of Carthisnian'dua (or Cartimandua), a Roman matron married to Venu'tius, chief of those parts. Carthismandua betrayed him to the Romans, a.d. 47. Richard of Cirencester, Ancient State of Britain, i. 6, 23. Caradoc was led captive to Rome, a.d. 61, and, struck with the grandeur of that city, exclaimed, "Is it possible that a people so wealthy and luxurious can envy me a humble cottage in Britain ? " Claudius the emperor was so charmed with his manly spirit and bearing that he released him and craved his friend- ship. Drayton says that Caradoc went to Rome with body naked, hair to the waist, girt with a chain of steel, and his " manly breast enchased with sundry shapes of beasts. Both his wife and children were captives, and walked with him." Folyolbion, viii. (1612). Caracul (i.e. Caracalla), son and successor of Severus the Roman em- peror. In A.n. 210 he made an expedition against the Caledo'nians, but was de- feated by Fingal. Aurelius Antoninus was called " Caracalla " because he adopted the Gaulish caracalla in pre- ference to the Roman toga. Ossian, CorrMla, The Caracul of Fingal is no other than Caracalla, who (as the son of Severus) the emperor of Rome . . . was not without reason called "The Son of the King of the World." This was A.D. 210. Ititsertation on the Ji^a of 0*Han. CaraculiamTbo, the hypothetical giant of the island of Malindra'ma, whom don Quixote imagines he may one day conquer and make to kneel at the foot of his imaginary lady-love. Cer- yantes, Don Quixote, I. i. 1 (1605). Car'adoc or Cradock, a knight of the Round Table. He was husband of the only lady in the queen's train who could wear " the mantle of matrimonial ddelity." This mantle fitted only chaste and virtuous wives ; thus, when queen Guenever tried it on One while it was too long, another while too short. And wrinkled on her shoulders in most unseemly sort, Percy, lieliques ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iU. 18). Sir Caradoc and the Boar's Head. The boy who brought the test mantle of fidelity to king Arthur's court, drew a wand three times across a boar's head, and said, "There's never a cuckold who oan caxvQ that head of brawn." Knight after knight made the attempt, but only sir Cradock could carve the brawn. Sir Cradoc and the Drinking-horn. The boy furthermore brought forth a drink- ing-horn, and said, " No cuckold can drink from that horn Avithout spilling the liquor." Only Cradock succeeded, and ' ' he wan the golden can." Percy, Eeliques ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18). Caradoc of Men'-wygent, the 5'ounger bard of Gwenwyn prince of Powys-land. The elder 'bard of the prince was Cadwallon. Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.). Car'atach. or Carac'tacus, a British king brought captive before the emperor Claudius in a.d. 62. He had been be- trayed by Cartimandua. Claudius set him at liberty. And Beaumont's pilfered Caratach aflfords A tragedy complete except in words. Byron, English Bards and Scotch Xeviewers (1809). (Byron alludes to the ** spectacle" of Caractacus produced by Thomas Sheri- dan at Drury Lane Theatre. It was Beaumont's tragedy of Bonduca, minus the dialogue.) Digges [1720-1786] was the very absolute " Caratach." The solid bulk of his frame, his action, his voice, all marked him with identity. Boaden, Life of Siddons. Car'athis, mother of the caliph Vathek. She was a Greek, and induced her son to study necromancy, held in abhorrence by all good Mussulmans. When her son threatened to put to death every one who attempted without success to read the inscription of certain sabres, Carathis wisely said, "Content yourself, my son, with commanding their beards to be burnt. Beards are less essential to a state than men." She was ultimately carried by an afrit to the abyss of Eblis, in punishment of her many crimes. W. Beckford, Vathek (1784). Carau'sius, the first British em- peror (237-294). His full name was Marcus Aurelius Valerius Carausius, and as emperor of Britain he was accepted by Diocletian and Maxim'ian ; but after a vigorous reign of seven years, he was assassinated by Allectus, who succeeded him as " emperor of Britain." See Gibbon, Decline and Fall, etc., ii. 13. Cards of Compliment. When it was customary to fold down part of an address card, the strict rule was this : Right hand bottom corner tiimed down meant a Personal call. Right hand top corner turned down meant Condolence. CARDAN. 161 CARKER. Left hand bottom corner turned down meant Congratulation. Car'dan {Jerome) of Pa'via (1501- 1576), a great mathematician and astro- loger. He professed to have a demon or fafiiiliar spirit, who revealed to hia the secrets of nature. What did your Cardan and your Ptolemy tell you f Your Messahalah and your Longomontanus [two astro- logers], your harmony of chiromancy with astrology ? W. Congreve, Love for Love, iv. (1695). Carde'nio of Andalusi'a, of opulent parents, fell in love with Lucinda, a lady of equal family and fortune, to whom he was formally engaged. Don Fernando, his friend, however, prevailed on Lucin- da's father, by artiifice, to break off the engagement and promise Lucinda to himself, '* contrary to her wish, and in violation of every principle of honour." This drove Cardenio mad, and he haunted the Sierra Morena or Brown Mountain for about six months, as a maniac with lucid intervals. On the wedding day Lucinda swooned, and a letter informed the bridegroom that she was married to Cardenio. Next day she privately left her father's house, and took refuge in a convent ; but being abducted by don Fernando, she was carried to an inn, where Fernando found Dorothea his wife, and Cardenio the husband of Lucinda. All parties were now reconciled, and the two gentlemen paired respectively with their proper wives. Cervantes, Don Quixote, L iv, (1605). Car'duel or Kar'tel, Carlisle, tho place where Merlin prepared the Round Table. Care, described as a blacksmith, who "worked all night and day." His bellows, says Spenser, are Pensiveness and Sighs. Faery Queen, iv. 5 (1596). Careless, one of the boon com- panions of Charles Surface. Sheridan, School for Scandal (1777). Care' less {Colonel), an officer of high spirits and mirthful temper, who seeks to win Ruth (the daughter of sir Basil Thoroughgood) for his wife. T. Knight, The Honest Thieves. This farce is a mere r^chauff^ of The Committee, by the Hon. sir R. Howard. The names '* colonel Careless " and "Ruth" are the same, but "Ruth" says her proper Christian name is "Anne." Careless, in The Committee, was the part for which Joseph Ashbury (1638-1720) was celebrated. Chetwood, History of the Stage. {T/ie Committee, recast by T. Knight} is called The Honest Thieves.) Careless {Ned), makes love to ladv Pliant. W. Congreve, The Double Dealer (1700). Careless Husband ( The), a comedy by Colley Gibber (1704). The "careless husband" is sir Charles Easy, who has amours with different persons, but is so careless that he leaves his love-letters about, and even forgets to lock the door when he has made a liaison, so that his wife knows all ; yet so sweet is her temper, and under such entire control, that she never reproaches him, nor shows the slightest indication of jealousy. Her confidence so wins upon her husband that he confesses to her his faults, and reforms entirely the evil of his. ways. Careme {Jean de), chef de cuisine of Leo X. This was a name given him by the pope for an admirable soiipe maigre which he invented for Lent. A descendant of Jean was chef to the prince regent, at a salary of 1000 per annum, but he left this situation because the prince had only a menage bourgeois, and entered the ser- vice of baron Rothschild at Paris (1784- 1833). Carey {Patrick), the poet, brother of lord Falkland, introduced by sir W. Scott in Woodstock (time, Common- wealth). Car'gill {The Bev. Josiah), minister of St. Ronan's Well, tutor of the Hon. Augustus Bidmore (2 syl.), and the suitor of Miss Augusta Bidmore, his pupil's sister. Sir W. Scott, St. Ronan's Well (time, George III.). Car'ibee Islands (London), now Chandos Street. It was called the Caribee Islands from its countless straits and intricate thieves' passages. Cari'no, father of Zeno'cia the chaste troth-plight wife of Arnoldo (the lady dishonourably pursued by the governor count Glodio). Beaumont and Fletcher, The Custom of the Country (1647). CarTter {James), manager in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. Carker was a man of 40, of a florid complexion, with very glistening white teeth, which showed conspicuously when he spoke. His smile was like "the snarl of a cat." lie was the Alas'tor of the house of Dombey, for he not only brought the firm to bankruptcy, but he seduced Alice CARLEGION. 162 CARMILIIAN. Marwood (cousin of Edith, Dombey's second wife) and also induced Edith to elope with him. Edith left the wretch at Dijon, and Carker, returning to England, was run over by a railway train and killed. John Carker, the elder brother, a junior clerk in the same firm. He twice robbed it and was forgiven. Harriet Carker, a gentle, beautiful young woman, who married Mr. Morfin, one of the employe's in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. When her elder brother John fell into disgrace by robbing his employer, Harriet left the house of her brother James (the manager) to live "With and cheer her disgraced brother John. C. Dickens, Doinhey and Son (1846). Carle'gion (4 syl.) or Cair-Li'gion, Chester, or the " fortress upon Dee." Fair Chester, called of old Carlegion. Drayton, Polyolbion, xl. (1613). Carle'ton (Captain), an officer in the Guards. Sir W. Scott, Feveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Carlisle {Frederick Howard, earl of), vmcle and guardian of lord Byron (1748- 1826). His tragedies are Tlie Father's evenge and Bellamere. The paralytic puling of Carlisle . , . Lord, rhymester, petit-miitre, pamphleteer. Byron, EnglUh Bards and Scotch Iteviewers (1809). Carlos, elder son of don Antonio, and the favourite of his paternal uncle Lewis. Carlos is a great bookworm, but when he falls in love with Angelina, he throws off his difllidence and becomes bold, resolute, and manly. His younger brother is Clodio, a mere coxcomb. C. Cibber, Love Makes a Man (1694). Car'los (under the assumed name of the marquis D'Antas) married Ogari'ta, but as the marriage was affected under a false name it was not binding, and Ogarita left Carlos to marry Horace de Brienne. Carlos was a great villain : He murdered a man to steal from him the plans of some Californian mines. Then embarking in the Urania, he induced the crew to rebel in order to obtain mastery of the ship. "Gold was the object of his desire, and gold he obtained." Ultimately, his villainies being discovered, he was given up to the hands of justice. E. Stirling, The Orphan of the Frozen Sea (1866). Carlos (Don), son of Philip II. of Portugal ; deformed in person, violent and vindictive in disposition. Don Carlod was to have married Elizabeth of France, but his father supplanted him. Sub- sequently he expected to marry the arch- duchess Anne, daughter of the emperor Maximilian, but her father opposed the match. In 1564 Philip II. settled the succession on Rodolph and Ernest, his nephews, declaring Carlos incapable. This drove Carlos into treason, and he joined the Netherlanders in a war against his father. He was apprehended and condemned to death, but was killed in prison. This has furnished the subject of several tragedies : i.e. Otway's Don Carlos (1672) in English; those of J. G. de Campistron (1683) and M. J. de Che'nier (1789) in French ; J. C. F. Schiller (1798) in German; Alfieri in Italian, about the same time. Car'los (Don), the friend of don Alonzo, and the betrothed husband of Leono'ra, whom he resigns to Alonzo out of friend- ship. After marriage, Zanga induces Alonzo to believe that Leonora and don Carlos entertain a criminal love for each other, whereupon Alonzo out of jealousy has Carlos put to death, and Leonora kills herself. Edward Young, The Eevenge (1721). Carlos (Don), husband of donna Victoria. He gave the deeds of his wife's estate to donna Laura, a courtezan, and Victoria, in order to recover them, assumed the disguise of a man, took the name of Florio, and made love to her. Having secured a footing, Florio introduced Gaspar as the wealthy uncle of Victoria, and Gaspar told Laura the deeds in her hand were utterly worthless. Laura in a fit of temper tore them to atom.s, and thus Carlos recovered the estate, and was rescued from impending ruin. Mrs. Cowley, A Bold Stroke for a Husband (1782). Carlton (Admiral George), George IV., author of The Voyage of in search of Loyalty, a poetic epistle (1820). Car'niilhan, the " phantom ship." The captain of this ship swore he would double the Cape, whether God willed it or not, for which impious voav he was doomed to abide for ever and ever captain in the same vessel, which always appears near the Cape, but never doubles it. The kobold of the phantom ship is named Klabot'erman, a kobold who helps sailors at their work, but beats thos CARO. 163 CARPI LLONA. who are idle. When a vessel is doomed, the kobold appears smoking a short pipe, dressed in yellow, and wearing a night- cap. Caro, the Flesh or "natural man" personified. Phineas Fletcher says " this dam of sin " is a hag of loathsome shape, arrayed in steel, polished externally, but rusty within. On her shield is the device of a mermaid, with the motto, ** Hear, Gaze, and Die." The Purple Island, vii. (1633). Carocium., the banner of the Mi- lanese, having for device "St. Ambrose," the patron saint of Milan. It was mounted on an iron tree with iron leaves, and the summit of the tree was sur- mounted by a large cross. The whole was raised on a red car, drawn by four red bulls with red harness. Mass was always said before the car started, and GuinefoUe tells us, " toute la ce're'monie e'tait une imitation de I'arche d'alliance des Israelites." Le carocium des Milanaia 6talt au milieu, entourr^ de 300 jeunes gens, qui s'6taient unis ik la vie i la mort pour le ddfendre. II y avail encore pour sa garde un bataillon de la niort, conipos6 de 900 cavaliers. La DataiUe de lAgnano. 29 Mai, 1176. Caroline, queen- consort of George II., introduced by sir W. Scott in The Heart of Midlothian. Jeanie Deans has an interview with her in the gardens at Rich- mond, and her majesty promises to inter- cede with the king for EflBe Deans's pardon. Caros or Carausius, a Roman captain, native of Belgic Gaul. The emperor Maximian employed Caros to defend the coast of Gaul against the Franks and Saxons. He acquired great wealth and power, but fearing to excite the jealousy of Maximian, he sailed for Britain, where (in a.d. 287) he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor. Caros resisted all attempts of the Romans to dislodge him, so that they ultimately acknowledged his independence. He repaired Agricola's wall to obstruct the incursions of the Caledonians, and while he was employed on this work was attacked by a party commanded by Oscar, son of Ossian and grandson of Fingal. " The warriors of Caros fled, and Oscar remained like a rock left by the ebbing sea." Ossian, The War of Caros. Tlie Caros mentioned ... is the . . . noted usurper Carausius, who assumed the purple in the year 287, and lei^ng on Britain, defeated the emperor Maxiniinian HercuUus in several naval engagements, which give pro- priety to his being called " The King of Ships." />er- tation on the Era of Ouian. Car'ove (3 syl.), "a story without an end." Mrs. Austin, Translation. I must get on, or my readers will anticipate that mjr story, like Carovd's more celebrated one, will prove a "story without an end." W. J. Tljoms, Notes and queries, March 24, 1877. Carpath'ian Wizard (The), Pro- teus (2 syl.), who lived in the island of Car'pSthos, in the Archipelago. He was a wizard, who could change his form at will. Being the sea-god's shepherd, he carried a crook. [By] the Carpathian wizard's hook [crook']. Milton, Comus, 872 (1834). Carpet (Prince Hotisain's), a magic carpet, to all appearances quite worthless, but it would transport any one who sat on it to any part of the world in a moment. This carpet is sometimes called "the magic carpet of Tangu," because it came from Tangu, in Persia. Arabian Nights ("Prince Ahmed"). Carpet (Solomon's). Solomon kad a green silk carpet, on which his tkrone was set. This carpet was large enough for all his court to stand on ; human beings stood on the right side of the throne, and spirits on the left. When Solomon wished to travel he told the wind where to set him down, and the carpet with all its contents rose into the air and alighted at the proper place. In hot weather the birds of the air, with outspread wings, formed a canopy over the whole party. Sale, Koran, xxvii. notes. Carpet Knight (A), a civil, not a military knight. Carpet Knights are men who are, by the prince's grace and favour, made knights at home and in the time of peace, by the imposition or Laying on of the king's sword, having, by some special service done to the com- monwealth, deserved this title and dignity. They are called " Carpet Knights " because they receive their honour in the court, and upon carpets [and not in the battle-field]. Francis Markham, Booke of Honour (1625). Carpillona (Princess), the daughter of Subli'mus king of the Peaceable Islands. Sublimus, being dethroned by a usurper, was with his wife, child, and a foundling boy, thrown into a dungeon, and kept there for three years. The four captives then contrived to escape ; but the rope which held the basket in which Carpillona was let doAvn, snapped asunder, and she fell into the lake. Sublimus and the other two lived in retirement as a shepherd family, and Carpillona, being rescued by a fisherman, was brought up by him as his daughter. When the "Humpbacked" Prince de- throned the usurper of the Peaceable Islands, Carpillona was one of the cap- CARPIO. 164 CARTHAGE. tives, and the "Humpbacked" Prince wanted to make her his wife ; but she fled in disguise, and came to the cottage home of Sublimus, where she fell in love with his foster-son, who proved to be half- brother of the "Humpbacked" Prince. Ultimately, Carpillona married the found- ling, and each succeeded to a kingdom. Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales (" Prin- cess Carpillona," 1682). Car'pio {Bernardo del), natural son of don Sancho, and dona Ximena, surnamed "The Chaste." It was Bernardo del Carpio who slew Roland at Roncesvalles (4 syl.). In Spanish romance he is a very conspicuous figure. Carras'co (Samson), son of Bartholo- mew Carrasco. He is a licentiate of much natural humour, who flatters don Quixote, and persuades him to undertake a second tour. He was about 24 years of age, of a pale complexion, and had good talents. His nose was remarkably flat, and his moutli remarkably wide. Cervantes, Bon Quixote, II. L 8 (1615). He may perhaps boast ... as the bachelor Samson Carrasco, of fixing the weather-cock La Giralda of Seville, for weeks, months, or years, that is, for as long as the wind shall uniformly blow from one quarter. Sir W. Scott. (The allusion is to Don Quixote, II. i. 14.) Carric-Thura, in the Orkney Islands, the palace of king CathuJla. It is the title of one of the Ossian poems, the subject being as follows : -Fingal, going on a visit to Cathulla king of the Ork- neys, observes a signal of distress on the palace, for Frothal, king of Sora, had invested it. Whereupon, Fingal puts to flight the besieging army, and overthrows Frothal in single combat ; but just as his sword was raised to slay the fallen king, Utha, disguised in armour, interposed. Her shield and helmet "flying wide," revealed her sex, and Fingal not only spared Frothal, but invited him and Utha to the palace, where they passed the night in banquet and in song. Ossian, Carric-Thura. Carril, the grey-headed son of Kin- fe'na bard of Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. Ossian, Fingal, Carrillo (Fray) was never to be found in his own cell, according to a famous Spanish epigram. Like Fray Carillo, The only place In which one cannot find him Is his own cell. Longfellow, The Spanish Stiulent, i. 5. Car'rol, deputy usher at Kenilworth Castle. Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth). Car'stone (Richard), cousin of Ada Clare, both being wards in Chancery, interested in the great suit of " Jamdyce V. Jamdyce." Richard Carstone is a " handsome youth, about 19, of ingenuous face, and with a most engaging laugh." He marries his cousin Ada, and lives in hope that the suit will soon terminate and make him rich. In the mean time, he tries to make two ends meet, first by the profession of medicine, then by that of law, then by the army ; but the rolling stone gathers no moss, and the poor fellow dies with the sickness' of hope deferred. C. Dickens, Bleak House (185S). Cartaph'ilus, the Wandering Jew of Jewish story. Tradition says he was door-keeper of the judgment hall, in the service of Pontius Pilate, and, as he led our Lord from the judgment hall, struck Him, saying, "Get on! Faster, Jesus!" Whereupon the Man of Sorrows replied, " I am going fast, Cartaphilus ; but tarry thou till I come again." After the cruci- fixion, Cartaphilus was baptized by the same Anani'as who baptized Paul, and received the name of Joseph. At the close of every century he falls into a trance, and wakes up after a time a young man about 30 years of age. Book of the Chronicles of the Abbey of St. Albans. (This "book" was copied and con- tinued by Matthew Paris, and contains the earliest account of the Wandering Jew, A.D. 1228. In 1242 Philip Mouskes, afterwards bishop of TOumay, wrote the "rhymed chronicle.") Carter (Mrs. Deborah), housekeeper to Surplus the lawyer. J. M. Morton, A Regular Fix. Car'thage (2 syl.). When Dido came to Africa she bought of the natives " as much land as could be encompassed with a bull's hide." The agreement being made, Dido cut the hide into thongs, so as to enclose a space sufficiently large for a citadel, which she called Bursa "the hide." (Greek, bursa, "a bull's hide.") The following is a similar story in Russian history : The Yakutsks granted to the Russian explorers as much land as they could encompass with a cow's hide ; bat the Russians, cutting the hide into strips, obtained land enough for the town and fort which they called Yakutsk. I CARTHAGE OF THE NORTH. 166 CASSANDRA. Carthage of the North. I-iibeck was so called when it was the head of the Haasatic League. Car'thon, son of Cless'ammor and Moina, was bom while Clessammor was in flight, and his mother died in child- birth. When he was three years old, Comhal (Fingal's father) took and burnt Balclutha (a town belonging to the Britons, on the Clyde), but Carthon was carried away safely by his nurse. When grown to man's estate, Carthon resolved to revenge this attack on Balclutha, and accordingly invaded Morven, the king- dom of Fingal. After overthrowing two of Fingal's heroes, Carthon was slain by his own father, who knew him not ; but when Clessammor learnt that it was his own son whom he had slain, he moiimed for him three days, and on the fourth he died. Ossian, Carthon. Car'ton (Sydney), a friend of Charles Damay, whom he personally resembled. Sydney Carton loved Lucie Manette, but, knowing of her attachment to Damay, never attempted to win her. Her friend- ship, however, called out his good qualities, and he nobly died instead of his friend. C. Dickens, A Tale of Tico Cities (1859). Cartouche, an eighteenth century highAvayman. He is the French Dick Turpin. Car'un, a small river of Scotland,now called Carron, in the neighbourhood of Agricola's wall. The word means "wind- ing." Ca'rus (Slow), in Garth's Dispensary, is Dr. Tyson (1649-1708). Caryati'des (5 syl.) or Carya'tes (4 syl.), female figures in Greek costume, used in architecture to support entabla- tures. Ca'rya, in Arcadia, sided with the Persians when they invaded Greece, so after the battle of Thermop'yla;, the victorious Greeks destroj^ed the city, slew the men, and made the women slaves. Praxit'eles, to perpetuate the disgrace, employed figures of Caryan women with Persian men, for architectural columns. Cas'ca, a blunt-witted Roman, and one of the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar. He is called " Honest Casca," meaning plain-spoken. Shake- speare, Julius Cassar (1607). Casch'casch, a hideous genius, "hunchbacked, lame, and blind of one oye ; with six homs on his head, and both his hands and feet hooked." The fairy Maimou'ne (3 syl.) summoned him to de- cide which was the more beautiful, "the prince Camaral'zaman or the princess Badou'ra," but he was unable to deter- mine the knotty point. Arabian Nights (" Camaralzaman and Badoura "). Casel'la, a musician and friend of the poet Dante, introduced in his Pur- gatory, ii. On arriving at purgatory, the poet sees a vessel freiglited with souls come to be purged of their sins and made fit for paradise ; among them he recognizes his friend Casella, whom he " woos to sing ; " whereupon, Casella repeats with enchanting sweetness the words of [Dante's] second canzone. Dantfi shall give Fame leave to set thee higher Than his Casella. whom he wooed to sing, Met In the milder shades of purgatory. Milton, Sonnet, xiii. (To H. Lawes). Casket Homer, Alexander's edition with Aristotle's notes. So called because it was kept in a golden casket, studded with jewels, part of the spoil which fell into the hands of Alexander after the battle of Arbe'la. Cas'par, master of the horse to the baron of Amheim. Mentioned in Don- nerhugel's narrative. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). Cas'par, a man who sold himself to Za'miel the Black Huntsman. The night before the expiration of his life-lease, he bargained for a respite of three years, on condition of bringing Max into the power of the fiend. On the day appointed for the prize-shooting, Max aimed at a dove but killed Caspar, and Zamiel carried crU his victim to "his own place." Weber's opera, Der Freischiitz (1822). Cassan'dra, daughter of Priam, gifted with the power of prophecy ; but Apollo, whom she had offended, cursed her with the ban "that no one should ever believe her predictions." Shake- speare, Troilus and Cressida (1602). Mra Barry hi characters of greatness was graceful, noble, and dignified ; no violence of passion was beyond the reach of lier feeling, and in the most melting dis-tresa and tenderness she was exquisitely affecting. Thus she was equally admirable in " C:ifisandra," "Cleopatra," " Roxana," " Mouiniia," or " Belvidera." . Dibdin, I/it- tory of the Stage. *** " Cassandra " (Troilus and Cressida, Shakespeare) ; "Cleopatra" (Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare, or All for Love, Dry den) ; " Roxana " (Alexander the Great, Lee); "Monimia" (The Orphan, Otway) ; " Belvidera" ( Venice Preserved^ Otway). CASSEL. 166 CASSIUS. Cassel (Count)^ an empty-headed, heartless, conceited puppv, who pays court to Amelia Wildenhalm, but is too insofferable to be endured. He tells her he "learnt delicacy in Italy, hauteur in Spain, enterprise in France, prudence in Russia, sincerity in England, and love in the wilds of America," for civilized nations have long since substituted in- trigue for love. Inchbald, Lovers' Vows (1800), altered from Kotzebue. Cassi, the inhabitants of Hertford- shire or Cassio. Caesar, Commentaries. Cassib'ellaun or Cassib'elan (probably "Caswallon"), brother and successor of Lud. He was king of Britain when Julius Caesar invaded the island. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, in his British History, that Cassibellaun routed Caesar, and drove him back to Gaul (bk. iv. 3, 5). In Caesar's second in- vasion, the British again vanquished him (ch. 7), and " sacrificed to their gods as a thank-offering 40,000 cows, 100,000 sheep, 30,000 wild beasts, and fowls without number " (ch. 8). Androg'eus (4 syl.) " duke of Trinovantum," with 6000 men, having joined the Roman forces, Cassibellaun was worsted, and agreed "to pay 3000 pounds of silver yearly in tribute to Rome." Seven years after this Cassibellaun died and was buried at York. In Shakespeare's Gymbeline the name is called " Cassibelan." *^* Polyaenus of Macedon tells us that Caesar had a huge elephant armed with scales of iron, with a tower on its back, filled with archers and slingers. When this beast entered the sea, Cassi- velaunus and the Britons, who had never seen an elephant, were terrified, and their horses fled in affright, so that the Romans were able to land without molestation. See Drayton's Pohjolhion, viii. There the hive of Roman liars worship a gluttonous em- peror-idiot Such is Rome . . . hear it, spirit of Cassivelaun. Tennyson, Boadicea. Cas'silane (3 syl.), general of Candy and father of Annophel. Laws of Candy (1647). Cassim, brother of Ali Baba, a Persian. He married an heiress and soon became one of the richest merchants of the place. When he discovered that his brother had made himself rich by hoards from the robbers' cave, Cassim took ten jnules charged with panniers to carry away Eart of the same boot}'. " Open Sesame ! " e cried, and the door opened. He filled his sacks, but forgot the magic woxd. "Open Barley!" he cried, but the dooi remained closed. Presently the robbet band returned, and cut him down with their sabres. They then hacked the carcase into four parts, placed them near the door, and left the cave. Ali Baba carried off the body and had it decently interred. Arabian Nights ("Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves"). Cas'sio_ {Michael), a Florentine, lieutenant in the Venetian army under the command of Othello. Simple-minded but not strong-minded, and therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will. Being overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he was suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration, lago made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the Moor. Cassio'a " almost" wife was Bianca, his mistress. Shakespeare, Othello (1611). "Cassio" is brave, benevolent, ." ... Me [the Glue Centaur] used to appear on tlie top of a rock, with his club in one hand . . . and with a terrible voice cry out to the shepherds, " Leave me my prey, and be off with you!" (k>nites!ie D'Aunoy, Fairy Taiet (" Princess Carpillona." 182). Cen'turjr White, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called from his chief work, entitled The First Cen- tury of Scandalous, Malignant Priests, etc. (1590-1645). Ce'phal (Greek, Kephale), the Head personified, the "acropolis" of The Purple Island, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Ceph'alus (in Greek, Kephalos). One day, overcome with heat, Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, " Come, gentle Aura, and this heat allay ! " The words were told to his young wife Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously jealous. Resolved to discover her riral, she stole next day to a covert, and soon saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank, crying aloud, " Come, gentle Zephyr ; come. Aura, come, this heat allay ! " Her mistake was evident, and she was about to throw herself into the arms of her husband, when the young man, aroused by the rustling, shot an arrow into the covert, supposing some wild beast was about to spring on him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and died. Ovid, Art of Love, iii. (Cephalus loves Procris, i.e. " the sun kisses the dew." Procris is killed by Cephalus, i.e. " the dew is destroyed by the rays of the sun.") Ceras'tes (3 syl.), the homed snake. (Greek, keras, "a horn.") Milton uses the word in Paradise Lost, x. 525 (1665). Cerberus, a dog with three heads, which kjeeps guard in hell. Dante places it in the third circle. Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange, Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog . . i His eyes glare crimson, black its unctuous beard. Its belly large, and clawed the hands with whicb It tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs Piecemeal disparts. Dant. Uell, vi. (1300, Gary's translation). Cer'don, the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the Rump army, S. Butler, Hudibras, i. 2 (1663). Ce'res (2 syl.), the Fruits of Harveirt personified. In classic mythology Ceres means " Mother Earth," the protectress of agriculture and fruits. Ce'res, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the observatory of Palermo, and Ceres is the tutelar goddess of Sicily. Ceret'tick Shore {TJie), the Car- digan coast. ... the other floods from the Cerettick short To the Virginian seaf^.t).!, contributing their store. Drayton, Polyolbion, vi. (1612). Cer'imon, a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation Thaisa, the wife of Per'icles prince of Tyre, sup- posed to be dead. Shakespeare, Pericles Prince of Tyre (1608). Chab'ot {Philippe de), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne and Nor- mandy under Franfois I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine, out of jealousy, accused him of malversation, his faithful ser\'ant Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied upon him. His innocence, how- ever, was established by the confession of his enemies, and he was released ; but disgrace had made so deep an impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject of a tragedy entitled Hie Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc., by George Chapman and James Shirley. Chad'band {The Rev. Mr.), type of a canting hypocrite "in the ministry." He calls himself "a vessel," is much admired by his dupes, and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but never- theless loves dearly its "good things," and is most self-indulgent. C. Dickens, Bleak House (1853). Chaffington {Mr, Percy), M.P., a stock-broker. T. M. Morton, If I had a Thousand a Year. Chalbrook, the giant, the root of the race of giants, including Poh-pheme (3 syl.), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and closing with Pautag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its " week of three Thursdays." Rabelais, Pantagniel, ii. (1533). Chal'ybes (3 syl.), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea, who occu- pied themselves in the working of iron. On the left hand dwell The iron-workers called the Chalybfis, Of whom beware. E. B. Browning, Prometheiu Bound (I860}. CHAM. 176 CHANTICLEER. Cham, the pseudonym of comte Amede'e de Noe, a peer of France, a great wit, and the political caricaturist of Charivari (the French Punch). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in 1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, 8o Amede'e was the second son and scape- grace of the comte de Noe' [^Noahl . Cham of Literature, the Great, a nick- name given to Dr. Samuel Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709- 1784). Cham of Tartary, a corruption of Chan or Khan, i.e. " lord or prince," as Hoccota Chan. " Ulu Chan " means "great lord," "ulu" being equal to the Latin magnus, and " chan " to dominus or imperdtor. Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan, etc. The Turks have also had their " Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan Selim chan," i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Saltan Selim prince. Selden, Titles of Honour, vi. 66 (1672). Cham'berlain {Matthew), a tapster, the successor of Old Roger Raine (1 sijl.). Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Chamont, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth -plight husband of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud and susceptible that he is for ever taking offence, and setting himself up as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her honour, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her, and draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to prevent mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has ill-treated her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are again altogether erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was like that of a mad man with fire-brands in a stack-3'ard. Otway, The Orphan (1680). There re characters in which he [C. M. Young's il unrivalled and almost perfect. His "Pierre" [Venice Preserved, Otway] is more soldierly than Kenible's ; his " Chamont " is full of brotherly pride, noble im- petuosity, and heroic scorn. A^eu; Monthly Magazine Cham.pagne {Henry earl of), a crusader. Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.). Cham.'pemel', a lame old gentle- man, the husband of Lami'ra, and son- in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 syl.). Beaumont and Fletcher, Tlie Little French Lawyer (1647). Champion and Severall. A " champion " is a common, or land in allotments without enclosures. A " severall " is a private farm, or land enclosed for individual use. A "cham- pion " also means one who holds an open allotment or " champion." More profit is quieter found (Where pastures In severall be) Of one seely acre of ground. Than chumpion maketh of three. Again what a joy it is )(nown When men may be bold of their own ! Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Hutbandry, liii. 22. Again : The champion differs from severall much For want of partition, closier, and such. Tusser (iutr.), (1667). Champion of the Virgin. St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from his defence of the " Incarnation" or doctrine of the " hypostatic union," in the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople. Champneys {Sir Geoffry), a fossi- lized old country gertleman, who believes in "blue blood" and the "British peer- age." Father of Talbot, and neighbour of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butter - man. The sons of these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their fathers for marrj-ing in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all ends happily. Talbot Champneys, a swell w^ith few brains and no energy. His name, which was his passport into society, would not find him in salt in the battle of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but his father wanted him to marry Violet the heiress. 3Iiss Champneys, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick, the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife, and allow her to spend his money. H. J. Byron, Our Boys (1875). Chandos House (Cavendish Square, London), so called from being the resi- dence of James Brj^dges, duke of Chan- dos, generally called " The Princely Chandos." Chandos Street. (See Cauibee Islands.) Chan'ticleer (3 syl.), the cock, in CHAONIAN BIRD, 176 CHARLEMAGNE, ETC. the beast-epic of Reynard the Fox (1498), and also in "The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in The Canterbury Tales, by Chaucer (1388). Cliaon'ian Bird. (27te), the dove; BO called because doves delivered the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia. But the mild swallow none with toils infest, And none the soft Chaonian bird molest Ovid, Art of Love, i\. Chaonian Food, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, which gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. Beech mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded xi the forest of Dodona. Chapelle Aventureuse, the place where Launcelot had his second vision of the "Beatific Cup." His first was during his fit of madness. Slumbering, he saw the vision high, He might not view with waliing eye. Sir W. Scott, Marmion (1808). Characters ofVathek's Sabres. "Like the characters of Vathek's sabres, they never remained two days alike." These sabres would deal blows without being wielded by man, obedient to his wish only. W. Beckford, Vathck (1784). Charniois, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was 28 years old, his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by him for the service of^the State in the wars. According to the law which then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by his creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the marshal's. Philip Massinger, The Fatal Dowry (1632). (It will be remembered that Milti'ades, the Athenian general, died in prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a hostage.) Char'egite (3 syl.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to stab the king, when a Nubifc.n seizes his arm, and the king kills the assassin on the spot. Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.). Chariele'ia, the fiancee of Theag'enee, in the Greek romance called The Loves of Theagenes and Charideia, by Heliodo'rog bishop of Trikka (fourth century). Chari'no, father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry Clodfo, a young coxcomb ; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, a young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffi- dent Carlos, and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a testy, obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own wav. C. Cibber, Love Makes the Man (1694). Chariva'ri. In the middle ages a "charivari" consisted of an assemblage of ragamuffins, who, armed with tin pots and pans, fire-shovels, and kettles, gathered in the dark outside the house oi any obnoxious person, making the night hideous by striking the pots against the pans, and howling " Haro ! haro ! " or (in the south) "Hari! hari !" In 1563, the Council of Trent took the matter up, and solemnly interdicted " charivaries " under pain of excommunication ; nevertheless, the practice continues in France to this day, notably in the village of La Rus- cade. In East Lavant, near Chichester, be- tween 1869 and J 872, I have witnessed three such visitations made to different houses. In two cases the husband had bullied his wife, and in one the wife had injured her husband with a broomstick. The visitation in all cases was made for three successive nights, and the villagers assured me confidently that the "law had no power to suppress these demonstra- tions." Charlemagne and His Pala- dins. This series of romances is of French origin ; as the Arthurian is Welsh or British. It began with the legendary chronicle in verse, called Historia de Vita Carola Magni et Rolandi, erroneously at- tributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims (a contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written 200 or 300 years later. The chief of the series are Huon of Bordeaux, Guerin de Monr/lave, Gay- len Eketore (in which Charlemagne and his paladins proceed in mufti to the H0I5 Land), Miles and Arnes, Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Maijcnce, Oyier le Danais, and Mawjis the Enchanter. Charlemayne' s Stature. We are told that Charlemagne was " eight feet high," and so strong that he could "straighten with his hands alone three horse-shoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple as possible. . CHARLEMAGNE OF SERVIA. 177 CHARLES'S WAIN. C/utrlemaone's Nine Wives: (1) Hamil- trude, a poor frenchwoman, who bore him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3) Hildegarde. (4) Fas- trade, daughter of count Kodolph the Saxon. (5) Luitgarde the German. The last three died before him. (6) Malte- garde. (7) Gersuinde the Saxon. (8) Reglna. (9) Adalinda. Charlemagne's Sword, La Joyeuse. Char-lemagTie and tlie Ring. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell in love Avith a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed bewitched, insomuch that all matters of State were neglected by him ; but the girl died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the astonish- ment of the court to find that the king seemed no less bewitched with the dead body than he had been with the living, and spent all day and night with it, even when its smell was quite offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt convinced there was sorcery in this strange infatuation, and on ex- amining the body, found a ring under the tongue, which he removed. Charle- magne now lost all regard for the dead body ; but followed Turpin, with whom he seemed infatuated. The archbishop now bethought him of the ring, which he threw into a pool at Aix, where Charle- magne built a palace and monastery, and no spot in the world had such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where "the ring" was buried. Uecherches de la France, vi. 33. Charlemagne not dead. According to legend, Charlemagne waits crowned and armed in Odenberg (Hesse) or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till the time of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christen- dom. (See Baubakossa.) Charlemagne and Years of Plenty. Ac- cording to German legend, Charlemagne appears in seasons of plentj'. He crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards. Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne, Upon thy bridge of gold. Longfellow, Autumn. Charlemagne of Servia, Stephen Dushan. Charles II. of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, viz., Peveril of the Peak and Woodstock. In this latter he appears first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis Kerneguy (Albert Lee's page). Charles XII. of Sweden. " Deter- mined to brave the seasons, as he had done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during the cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches 2000 of his men died from the cold. Or learn the fate that bleeding thousands bore. Marched by their Charles to Dnieper's swampy shore ; Faint in his wounds, and shivering in the blast. The Swedish soldier sank, and groaned )iis last Campbell, The Pleasures of Hope, ii. (1799). (Planche' has an historical drama, in two acts, called Charles XII. ; and the Life of Charles XII., by Voltaire, is con- sidered to be one of the best-written historical works in the French language.) Charles "the Bold," duke of Bur- gundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, viz., Quentin Durward and Anne of Geierstein. The latter novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles was slain. Charles prince -f Wales (called "Babie Charles"), son of James I., introduced by sir W. Scott in The Fortunes of Nigel. Cunrles "the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that whoever married a serf should become a serf : thus if a prince married a serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his death, and the death of the best blood in Bruges. S. Knowles, The Provost of Bruges (1836). Charles Edward [Stuart], called "The Chevalier Prince Charles Edward, the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in Redgauntlet (time, George III.), first as " father Buenaventura," and afterwards as " Pretender to the British crown." He is again introduced in Waverley (time, George II.). Charles Emmanuel, son of Victor Amade'us (4 syl.) king of Sardinia. In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his son to restore the croAvn again. This he refused to do ; and when Victor plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he died. Charles was brave, patient, single- minded, and truthful. R. Browning, King Victor and King Charles, etc. Charles's Wain, the constellation called The Great Bear, a corniption of the old English ceorles ween ("the churl's or farmer's waggon"), sometimes still further corrupted into "King Charles's wain." Heigh ho ! An 't be not four by the day, I'll be hanged. Charles' wain is over the new chimney. Shakespeare, I Henry IV. act li. sc. 1 (159/'), Could he not beg the loan of Charles's wain. Byron, Don Juan, iU. 99 (ISSOJ. CHAKLEY. 178 CHASTE. Charley (A), an imperial, or tuft of hair on the chin. A tuft of hair on his chin, termed grandiloquentljr an " imperial," but familiarly a " Charley." K. M. Jephson, The Girl He Left behind. Him, i. 5. Charley, plu. Charlies, an old watchman or " night guardian," before the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. So called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system. Chariot, a messenger from Liege to Louis XL Sir W. Scott, Quentin Vur- uxird (time, Edward IV.). Charlotte, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to have perished at sea. Geo. Lillo, Fatal Curiosity (1736). Charlotte, the dumb girl, in love with Leander ; but her father, sir Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful alliance, Char- lotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, " Han, hi, han, hon." The "mock doctor" employs Leander as his apothecary, and the young lady is soon cured by " pills matrimoniac." In Moliere's Le Me'decin Malgre' Lui, Char- lotte is called " Lucinde." The jokes in act ii. 6 are verbally copied from the French. H. Fielding', The Mock Doctor. Charlotte, daughter of sir John Lam- bert, in Tlie JIt/pocrite, by Is. Bicker- staff (1768) ; in love with Damley. She is a giddy girl, fond of tormenting Dam- ley ; but being promised in marriage to Dr. Cantwell, who is 69, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat sobered down, and promises Damley to become his loving wife. Her constant exclamation is " Lud ! " In Moliere's comedy of Tartuffe, Charlotte is called " Mariane," and Damley is " Valere." Charlotte, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her father was " state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. Haller, and behaves rudely to her (see act ii. 3). Benjamin lliompson, The Stranger (1797). Char'lotte, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl, who ill- treats Oliver Twist, and robs her master. C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Charlotte {Lady), the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her own and other households address her as " Your ladyship," or " lady Charlotte ; " but though so mighty grand, she is " noted for a plaguy pair of thick legs." Rev. James Townley, High Life Below Stairs (1759). Charlotte Elizabeth, whose sur- name was Phelan, afterwards Tonna, author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862). Charlotte Qoodchild, a merchants orphan daughter of large fortune. She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she has lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her suitors but one call off, and that one is sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan, who declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve, but before he loved her "with fear and trembling, like a man that loves to be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun." C. Mack- lin, Love a-la-mode (1779). Char'mian, a kind-hearted, simple- minded attendant on Cleopatra. After the queen's death, she applied one of the asps to her own arm, and when the Roman soldiers entered the room, fell down dead. Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra (1608). Char'teris (Sir Patrick) of Kin- fauns, provost of Perth. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Ferth (time, Henry IV.). Chartist Clergyman {2'he), Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877). Chartre (Le billet qu' a la), the promise of a candidate to those he can- vasses. The promise of a minister or prince, which he makes from politeness, and forgets as soon. Ah, le bon billet qu" a la Chartre. Ninon de Lenclos. Chary llis, in Spenser's pastoral Colin Cloufs Come Home Again, is lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, ancestor of the noble houses of Spenser and Marl- borough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his satirical fable called Mother Hubbard's Tale (1591). She was thrice married, her first husband was lord Mont- eagle, and her third was Robert lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his father in 1608 as earl of Dorset. No less praiseworthy are the sisters three. The honour of the noble family Of which I meanest boast myselt to be, . . . Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis : Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three, The next to her is bountiful Charyllis. Oolin Clout'i Come Home Again (1594). Chaste (The)^ Alfonso II. of Av CHASTITY. 179 CHEERYBLE BROTHERS. turias and Leon ^758, 791-835 abdicated, died 842). Chastity ( Tests of) : Alasnam's mirror, Arthur's drinking-horn, the boy's mantle, cutting the brawn's head, Flori- mel's girdle, the horn of fidelity, la coupe encliante'e, the mantle of fidelity, the grotto of Ephesus, etc. (See Cauadoc, and each article named.) Chateau en Espagne. (See Castle in the Air.) Chatookee, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but catches the rain-drops in falling. Period, Account of t/w Baptist Missionaries, ii. 309. Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird, Who never dips in earthly streams her bill. But, wlien the sound of coming sho*'ers Is heard, Looks up, and from the clouds receives her fill. Southey, Ourie of Kehama, xxi. 6 (X809). Chat'tanach (M^ Gillie), chief of the clan Chattan. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Chat'terley (Pev. Simon), "the man of religion " at the Spa, one of the manag- ing committee. Sir W. Scott, St, Ponan's Well (time, George III.). Chaubert (Mons.), Master Chif- finch's cook. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Chaucer of France, Clement Marot (1484-1544). Chau'nus, Arrogance personified in The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). "Fondly himself with praising he dispraised." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, chaunos, "vain.") Chau'vinism, a blind idolatry of Napoleon I. Now it is applied to a blind idolatry of France and Frenchmen. A chauvin is the person who idolizes. The word is taken from "Chauvin" in Scribe's Soldat Labourcu^, a veteran Boldier of the first empire, whose admira- tion of Napoleon was unbounded, and who honoured even "the shadow of his shoe-tie." Such is the theme on which French chauvinism ia Inexhaustible. 7'in, 1871. Cheap as the Sardin'ians (Latin). The reference is to the vast crowds of Sardinian prisoners and slaves brought to Rome by Tiberius Gracchus. Cheap Jack means market Jack or Jack the chapman. (Anglo-Saxon, chepe, *' a market," hence Cheap-side.) Cheat'ly (2 syl.), a lewd, imprudent debauchee of Alsatia (Whitefriars). He dares not leave the " refuge" by reason of debt ; but in the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to money, and becomes bound for them, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia (1688). Che'bar, the tutelar angel of Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus of Bethany, Klopstock, The Messiah, xii. (1771). Ched'eraza'de (5 syl.), mother of Hem'junah and wife of Zebene'zer sultan of Cassimir'. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the sultana pined awav and died. Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], Tales of the Genii (" Princess of Cassimir," talo vii., 1751). Chederles (3 syl.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. George, saved a virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank of the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any who invoke it. When Chederlfis comes To aid the Moslem on his deatliless horse, . . . as |t/]he had newly quafled The hidden waters of eternal vouth. Southey. Joan of Arc, vi. 30-2, etc. (1837). Cheeney {Frank), an outspoken bachelor. He marries Kate Tyson. Wybert Reeve, Parted, Cheer ly' (Mrs.), daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married three years, she was left a widow, young, hand- some, rich, lively, and gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank Heartall, an open-hearted, im- pulsive young merchant, who fell in love with her, and followed her to her lodging. Ferret, the villain of the story, misinterpreted all the kind actions of Frank, attributing his gifts to hush- money ; but his character was amply vin- dicated, and "the soldier's daughter" became his blooming wife. Cherry, T/ie Soldier's Daughter (1804). Miss O'Neill, at the age of 19, made her d6but at the Theatre Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as "The Widow Cheerly." W. Donaldson. Cheery ble Brothers (The), brother Ned and brother Charles, the incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, benevolent, and kind. They were once homeless boys running about the streets barefooted, and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants, were ever ready to stretch forth a helping hand to those struggling against the buffets of fortune. CHEESE. 180 CHESTER MYSTERIES. Frank Cheeryble, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate Nickleby. C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). Cheese. The " ten topping guests." (See CiSLEY.) Cheese (Dr.), an English translation of the Latin Dr, Caseus, that is, Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne. Cheese-Cakes. Sir "VV. Scott, allud- ing to the story of " Nour'eddin' Ali and Bed'reddin' Hassan," in the Arabian Nights^ Entertainments, makes in four or five lines as many blunders. The quotation is from The Heart of Midlothian. She, i.e. EfBe Deans, amused herself with visiting the dairy . . . and was near discovering herself to Mary Hetley by betraying her acquaintance with tlie celebrated receipt for Dunlop cheese, that she compared herself to JBedreddin Hassan, wlioni the nizier his father -in-Uiv> discovered by his superlative skill in composing creain- Uirti with pepper in them. (1) It was not "cream-tarts" but cheese-cakes. (2) The charge was that he made cheese-cakes without putting pepper in them, and not " cream-tarts with pepper." (3) It M'as not " the vizier his father-in-law," but the widow of Nour- eddin Ali and the mother of Bedreddin, who made the discovery. She declared that she herself had given the receipt to her son, and it was known to no one else. Chemistry {The Father of), AmsiudL de Villeueuve (1238-1314). Che'mos (ch = h) , god of the Moabites ; also called Baal-Pe'or; the Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple to this obscene idol " in the hill that is before Jerusalem " (1 Kings xi. 7). In the hierachy of hell Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank : (1) Satan, (2) Beelzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos. Next Chemos, the ob'scene dread of Moab's sons . PeOr his other name. Paradise Lost, 406, 412 (1665). Cheq'uers, a public-bouse sign ; the arms of Fitz-Warren, the head of which house, in the days of the Plantagenets, was invested with the power of licensing vinters and publicans. The Chequers of Abingdon Street, West- minster, the bearing of the earls of Arundel, at one time empowered to grant licences to public-houses. Cherone'an ( The) or The Cheboxe'- AN Sage (ch=k), Plutarch, who was bom at Chaerone'a, in Bceo'tia (a.d. 4&- 120). This praise, Cheronean sage, is thine I Beattie, .Viiistrel (1773). Cher'ry, the lively daughter of Boni- face, landlord of the inn at Lichfield. Geo. Farquhar, 17ie Beaux' Stratagem (1705). (See Chery.) Cherry (Andrew), comic actor and dra- matist (1762-1812), author of The Soldier's Daughter, All for Fame, Two Strincjs to your Bow, The Village, Spanish Dollars, etc. He was specially noted for his ex- cellent wigs. Shall sapient managers new scenes produce From Clierry, Sksffington, and Mother gtream, The drinlc of none but kings. Milton, Paradise Regained, iii. 288 (1661). ^ Choe'reas (chk), the lover of Cal- lirrhoe, in the Greek romance called The Loves of Chosreas and Callirr/toe, by Char'iton (eighth century). Choke (Ge7ierar), a lank North American gentleman, "one of the most remarkable men in the centur}'." He was editor of The Watertoast Gazette, and a member of "The Eden Land Corporation." It was general Choke who induced Martin Chuzzlewit to stake his all in the egregious Eden swindle. C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844). Cholmondeley [Chum'. I y], of Vale Royal, a friend of sir Geoffrey Peveril. Sir W. Scott, Feveril of the Feak (time, Charles II.). Cholula (Fyramid of), the great Mexican pyramid, west of Puebla, erected in the reign of Montezuma emperor of Mexico (146a-1520). Ita base is 1423 feet each side, or double that of the largest Egyptian pyramid, but its height does not exceed 164 feet. Choppard (Pierre), one of the gang of thieves, called "Tlie Ugly Mug." ^^^len asked a disagreeable question, he always answered, " I'll ask my wife, my memory's so slippery." Edward Stirling, The Courier of Lyons (1852). Choruses. The following are druid- ical, and of course Keltic in origin : " Down, down, derry down ! " (for dun I dun I daragon, dun !), that is, " To the hill ! to the hill ! to the oak, to the hill ! " " Fal, lal, la ! " (for falla la), that is, " The circle of day ! " The day or sun has com- pleted its circle. " Fal, lero, loo ! " (for falla lear lu [aidh]), that is, " The circle of the sun praise ! " " Hey, nonnie, nonnie !" that is, " Hail to the noon ! " " High trolollie, lollielol" (for ai [or aibhel, trah la, " Hail early day ! "trahla, "early day," la lee [or la lo], " bright day ! "). " Lilli burlero " (for Li, li beur, Lear-a I bxiille na III), that is, " Light, light on the sea, bevond the promontorv ! 'Tis the stroke of'day !" ^// the Year Round, 316-320, August, 1873. Chriemhil'da. (See under K.) Chrisom Child (^), a child that dies within a month of its birth. So called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with chrism (oil and balm), worn at its baptism. He's in Arthur's [A braham'K] bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had lieen any christom [chrisom] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o* the tide. (Quiclily's description of the death of Falstaff.) Shalcespeare, He^xry V. act iL 3C.S (1599). Why, Mike's a. child to him ... a chrism child. Jean Ingelow, Brothers and a Sermon. Christ and His Apostles. Dupuis maintained that Christ and His apostles, like Hercules and his labours, should be considered a mere allegory of the sun and the twelve signs of the zodiac. Christ's Victory and Triumphs, a poem in four parts, bv Giles Fletcher (1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in Heaven," when He reconciled Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human flesh ; part ii. "Christ's Triumph on E)arth," when He was led up into the wilderness, and was tempted by Pre- sumption, Avarice, and Ambition ; part iii. " Clirist's Triumph over Death," when He died on the cross ; part iv. " Christ's Triumph after Death," in His resurrection I CHRISTABEL. 185 CHRISTIE. and ascension. (See Paradise Rk- OAINED.) Chris'tabel {chk)^ the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the same title by Coleridge. Christabel, the heroine of an ancient romance entitled Sir Eglamour of Artois. Christabelle [Kris'. taMet], daughter of "a bonnie king of Ireland," beloved by sir Cauline (2 stjl.). When the king knew of their loves, he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle drooped the king held a tournament for her amusement, every prize of which was carried off by an imknown knight in black. On the last day came a giant with two " gog- gling eyes, and moutha from ear to ear," called the Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his chal- lenge save the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his adversary, but died himself of the wounds he had received. When it was discovered that the knight was sir Cauline, the lady "fette a sighe, that burst her gentle hcarte in twaj'ne." Vercyy Bel Iques ("Sir Cau- line," I. i. 4). Christian, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called The Pilgrbn's Progress. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders, which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The pack, of course, is the bundle of sin, which is reioved by the blood of the cross. 1678.) Christian, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch. Acts xi. 26. Christian, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which Mathis is burgomaster. He marries Annette, the burgomaster's daughter. J. R. Ware, The Polish Jew. Christian, synonym of " Peasant " in Russia. This has arisen from the abund- ant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great to prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan masters. No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and no Moham- medan master is allowed to employ a Christian on hig estate. Christian II. (or Christiern), king of Norwaj', Sweden, and Denmark. When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose Gustavus Vasa for their Uader, a great battle was fought, in which the Swedes were victorious ; but Gustayoff allowed tlie Danes to return to their country-. Christian then abdicated, and Sweden became an independent kiogdom. H. Brooke, Gustavus Vasa (1730). Chris'iian {Edward)^ a conspirator. He has two aliases, " Richard Gan'lesse" (2 syl.) and " Simon Can'ter." Colonel William Christian, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection. Fenella alias Zarah Christian, daughter of Edward Christian. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Christian (Fletcher), mate of the Bounty, under the command of captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and, according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island of Toobouai (one of the Society Islands). Hero Torquil, one of the mutineers, mar- ried Neuha, a native. After a time, a ship was sent to capture the mutineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in a cave ; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is not according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and then, with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed fot Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch. Byron, The Island. Christian Doctor {Most), John Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429). Christian Eloquence ( The Founder of), Louis Bourdaloue (1632-1704). Christian King (Afost). So the kings of France Avere styled. Pepin le Bref was so styled by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charies II. le Chauve was so styled by the Council of Savonnieres (823, 840-877). Louis XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483). Christian'a (ch-k), the wife of Christian, who started with her children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her husband's flight. She was under the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and went, therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This forms the second part of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro- gress (1684). Chris'tie (2 syl.) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of Julian Avenel (2 CHRISTIE. 186 CHRONICLES OF CANONGATE. syL). Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (tim, Elizabeth). Chris' tie {John), ship-chandler at Paul's Wharf. Dame Nelly Christie, his pretty wife, carried off by lord Dalgamo. Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.). Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'da and by Gustavus Vasa ; but the prince abandons his claim in favour of his friend. After the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus, Christina clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his behalf. He is sent back to Denmark, with all his men, with- out ransom, but abdicates, and Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom. H. Brooke, Gustavus Vasa (1730). Chris'tine (2 syl.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the ser\uce of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the recapture of Ernest ("the prisoner of State"), she goes boldly to king Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty, Ernest marries the countess. E. Stirling, The Prisoner of State (1847). Christmas comes but Once a Year. Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry (1667). Christmas Day, called "the day of new clothes," from an old French custom of giving those who belonged to the court new cloaks on that day. On Christinas Eve, 1245, the king \LouU XL] bade all hia court be present at early morning mass. At the chapel door each man received his new cloak, put it on, and went in ... As the day rose, each man saw on his neighbour's shoulder betokened " the crusading vow." Kitchin. nutory of France, i. 328. Chris'topher {St.), a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said to have lived in the third centurj\ His pagan name was Offgrus, his body was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Otferus made a vow to serv^e only the mightiest; so, thinking the emperor was "the mightiest," he entered his service. But one day the emperor crossed himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that there was one mightier than his present master, so he quitted his service for that of the devil. After a while, Oiferus discovered that the devil was afraid of the cross, where- upon he enlisted under Christ, em- ploying himself in carrying pilgrims across a deep stream. One day, a very I small child was carried across by him, I but proved so heavy that Olierus, though a huge giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight. This child was Jesus, who changed the giant's name to Christo- ferus, "bearer of (Christ." He died three days afterwards, and was canonized. Like the great giant Christoplier, it stands Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave. Longfellow, The Lighthome. Chronicle {The Saxon), an historical prose work in Anglo-Saxon, down to the reign of Henry II., a.d. 1164. Chroniclers {Anglo-Norman), a series of writers on British history in verse, of very early date. Geffroy Gai- mar wrote his Anglo-Norman chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the Anglo-Sakon kings. Robert Wace wrote the Brut d' Angleterre [i.e. Chronicle of England'^ in eight-syllable verse, and presented his work to Henry II. It was begun in 1160, and finished in 1170. Chroniclers {Latin), historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Chroniclers {Rhyming), a series of writers on English history, from the thirteenth century. The most noted are : Layamon (called" The English Ennius ") bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of Gloucester, who wrote a narra- tive of British history, from the landing of Brute to the close of the reign of Henry III. (* to 1272). No date is assigned to the coming of Brute, but he was the son of Silvius iEne'as (the third generation from ^Eneas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183), so that the date may be assumed to be u.c. 1028, thus giving a scope of 2300 years to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight and six syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen syllables each.) Robert de Brunne, whose chronicle is in two parts. The first ends with the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the death of Edward I. The earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman chronicle of Wace. (The verse is octo-syllabic.) Chronicles of Canongate, cer- tain stories supposed to have been written by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune, who lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Canongate. These tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croft- angry, by whom, at her death, they were published. The fir't series contains The Highland Widow, The Two Dr&oerSf CHRONOLOGY. 187 CHURCH. and The Surgeon's Daughter, [afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains The Fair Maid of Perth. Sir W. Scott, "Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction to The Highland Widow). Chronology {The Father of), J.J. Scaliger (1540-1609). Chronon-Hoton-Thol'ogos {King) . He strikes Bombardin'ean, general of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and Baying, " Kings as great as Chronon- hotonthologos have made a hearty meal on worse." The king calls his general a traitor. " Traitor in thj'' teeth," retorts the general. They fight, and the king dies. H. Carey, Chrononhotonthologos (a burlesque). Chrysalde' (2 syl.), friend of Ar- nolphe. Moliere, Vecole des Femmes (1662). Chrysale (2 syl.), a simple-minded, hen-pecked French tradesman, whose wife Philaminte (3 syl.) neglects her house for the learned languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is him- self a plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the pas blue movement. He has two daughters, Armande (2 syl.) and Henriette, both of whom love Cli- tandre ; but Armande, who is a *' blue- stocking," loves him platonicly ; while Henriette, who is a "thorough woman," loves him with woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette, and when he falls into money diflliculties through the " learned proclivities " of his wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man, and obtains the consent of both Sarents to his marriage with Henriette. loliere, Les Femmes Savantes (1672). Chrysa'or {ch = k), the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which "exceeded all other swords." It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astraea gave it to the Knight of Justice. Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no substance was no . . . liard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it came. Spenser, Faerj/ Queen, v. (1596). _ *^* The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Kadigund queen of the Ama- zons (bk. v. 7), yet it re-appears whole and sound (canto 12), when it is used with good service against Grantorto {the spirit of rebellion). Spenser says it was called Chrj'saor because "the blade was gar- nished all with gold." Chrysa'or, son of Neptune and Medu'M. He married Callir'rhoe (4 syl.), one of the sea-nymphs. Chrysaor rising out of the sea. Showed thus glorious and thus emulous, Leaving the arms of CaI!irrho. Longfellow, The Evening Star. Chryseis [^Kri.see' .iss^, daughter of Chryses priest of Apollo. She was famed for her beauty and her embroider}-. During the Trojan war Chryseis was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos, but her father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the offered ransom, and Chrj'sSs prayed that a plague might fall on the Grecian camp. His prayer was answered, and in order to avert the plague Agamemnon sent the lady back to her father not only without ransom but with costly gifts. Homer, Hiad, i. Chrysostom, a famous scholar, who died for love of Marcella, "rich Wil- liam's daughter." Unrivalled in learning and wit, he was sincere in disposition, generous and msigniflceiit without ostentation, prudent and sedate without aifectation, modest and complaisant without meanness. In a word, one of tlie foremost in goodness of lieart, and second to none in misfortunes. Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. iL 5 (1605). Chucks, the boatswain under captain Savage. Captain Marryat, Peter Simple (1833). Chuffey, Anthony Chuzzlewitt's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but master and man love each other with sincerest aifection. ChuflTey fell back Into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place, where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard . . . save once, when a cup of tea was given him. In which he was seen to soak his bread mechanically. ... He remained, as it were, frozen up, if any term expressive of such a vigorous process can be applied to him. C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzeltoit, xi. (1843). Chunee {A la), very huge and bulky. Chunee was the largest elephant ever brought to England. Henry Harris, manager of Covent Garden, bought it for 900 to appear in the pantomime of Harlequin Padinenaba, ia 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the pro- prietor of Exeter 'Change. Chunee at length became mad, and was shot by a detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skeleton is preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4 inches high. Church. I go to church to hear God praised, not the king. This was the wise but severe rebuke of George III. to Dr. Wilson, of St. Margaret's Church, Lon- don. CHURCH BUILT BY VOLTAIRE. 188 CID. Church built by Voltaire. Voltaire the atheist built at Ferney a Christian church, and had this inscrip- tion affixed to it, '' Deo erexlt Voltaire.'''' Campbell, in the life of Cowper (vol. vii. 358), says "he knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines : " Nor his who for the bane of thousands bom. Built God a church, and laughed His Word to scorn. Cowper, Retirement (1782). Church - of- Englandism. This word was the coinage of Jeremy Ben- tham (1748-1832). Chuz'zle'wit {Anthony), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit the grandfather. Anthony is an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought up his son Jonas to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two redeeming points are his affection for his old servant Chuffey, and his forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him. The old-established fimi of Anthony Chuezlewit and S Edward IV.). Clarence and the Malmsey- futt. According to tradition, George iuke of Clarence, having joined Warwick ^0 replace Henry VI. on the throne, was pt to death, and the choice being offered im, was drowned in a butt of malmsey le (1478). 'Twere better sure to die so, than be shut With maudlin Clarence in liis in:iliiisey-butt Byron, Don Juant, i. 16 (1819). Clarendon {The earl of), lord chan- cellor to Charles II. Introduced by sir W. Scott in Woodstock (time, Common- wealth). Claribel {Sir), sumamed "The Lewd." One of the six knights who con- tended for the false Florimel. Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 9 (1596). Clar'ibel, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barnard, author of numerous popular songs (from 18G5 to ). Clar'ice (3 syL), wife of Rinaldo, and sister of Huon of Bordeaux. Introduced in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, Tasso, etc. Clann or Clarin'da, the con- fidential maid of Radigund queen of the Am'azons. When the queen had got sir Ar'tegal into her power, and made him change his armour for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, she fell in love with the captive, and sent Clarin to win him over by fair promises and indulgences. Clarin performed the appointed mission, but fell in love herself with the knight, and told the queen that sir Artegal was obstinate, and rejected her advances with scorn. Spenser, FaiirtJ Queen, v. 6 (1696). Clarinda, the heroine of Mrs. Cent- livre's drama The Beau's Duel (1703). Nothing could be more captivating than Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768J in " lady Macbeth," " The Queen " in Jlamlet, " Clarinda," ' Estil'ania ;" in short, every species of strong nature received from her a polish and perfection than which nothing rould lie more truly captivating. C. Dib- in, Hiitory qf tne Staee. 9 *#* " Kstifania," in Ru/o a Wife and Have a Wife, by Beaumont and Fletcher. Clarin'da, a merry, good-humoured, high-spirited lady, in love with Charles Frankly. The madcap Ranger is her cousin. Dr. Hoadly, Tlus Suspicious Husband (1747). Clarinda of Robert Burns, was Mrs. Maclehose, who was alive in 1833. Clar'ion, the son and heir of Mus- carol. He was the fairest and most prosperous of all the race of flies. Aragnol, the sou of Arachne (the spider), entertained a deep and secret hatred of the young prince, and set himself to destroy him ; so, weaving a most curious net. Clarion was soon caught, and Aragnol gave him his death-wound by piercing him under the left wing. Spenser, Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate (1690). Claris'sa, wife of Grijje the scrivener. A lazy, lackadaisical, fine city lady, who thinks "a woman must be of mechanic mould who is either troubled or pleased with anything her husba nd can do " ( act i. 3). She has " wit and beauty, with'a fool to her husband," but though " fool," a hard, grasping, mean, old hunks. " I have more subjects for spleen than one. Is it not a most horrible thing that I should be a scrivener's wife f . . . Don't you think nature designed me for something phtt elevie > Why, 1 dare abuse nobody. I'm afniid to affront people, . . . or to ruin their reputations. ... I dare not raise the lie of a man, though he neglects to make love to me ; nor report a woman to be a fool, though she is hand- somer tlian I. In short, 1 dare not so much as bid my footman kick people out of doors, though they come to dun nje for what I owe them." Sir John Vanbrugh, Th ConfecLeracy, i. 3 (1695). Claris'sa, sister of Beverlej', plighted to George Bellmont. A. Murphy, All in the Wrong (1761). Clarissa Harlowe. (See Har- LOWE.) Clark {The Rev. T.), the pseudonym of John Gall, the novelist (1779-1839). Clarke {The Rev. C. C), one of the many pseudonyms of sir Richard Phillips, author of The Hundred Wonders of the World (1818), Readings in Natural Fhilosophy. Cla'tho, the last wife of Fingal and mother of Fillan, Fingal's youngest son. Claude {The English), Richard Wilson (1714-1782). Clau'dine (2 syl.), wife of the porter of the hotel Harancour, and old nurse of o CLAUDIO. 194 CLAYPOLE. Julio " the deaf and dumb " count. She recognizes the lad, who had been rescued by De I'Epee from the streets of Paris, and brought up by him under the name of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian Darlemont confesses that he had sent him adrift under the hope of getting rid of him ; but being proved to be the count, he is restored to his rank and property. Th. Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb (1785). Claudio {Lord) of Florence, a friend of don Pedro prince of Aragon, and engaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato governor of Messina). Shakespeare, MvA^h Ado about Nothing (1600). Clau'dio, brother of Isabella and the suitor of Juliet. He is imprisoned by lord Angelo for the seduction of Juliet, and it is on the effort made to release him by his sister Isabella that the whole plot turns. Shakespeare, Measure/or JlfeasHr(1603). Clau'dius, king of Denmark^ who poisoned his brother, married the widow, and usurped the throne. Claudius in- duced Laertes to challenge Hamlet to play with foils, but persuaded him to poison his weapon. In the combat the foils got changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes with the poisoned weapon. In order still further to secure the death of Hamlet, Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine prepared, which he intended to give Hamlet when he grew thirsty with playing. The queen, drinking of this cup, died of poison, and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed him and cried aloud, *' Here, thou incestuous, murderous Dane, . . . Follow my mother ! " Shakespeare, Hamlet (1696). *^* In the History of Hamblet, Clau- dius is called " Fengon," afar better name for a Dane. Claudius, the instrument of Appius the decemvir for entrapping Virginia. He pretended that Virginia was his slave, who had been stolen from him and sold to Virginius. J. S. Knowles, Virqinius (1820). Claudius (Mathias), a German poet born at Rheinfeld, and author of the famous song called Rheinweinlied ("Rhenish wine song"), sung at all convivial feasts of the Germans. Claudius, though he sang of flagons, And huge tankards filled with Rhenish, From the fiery blood of dragons Never would his own replenish. Longfellow, DHtMng Song. Claus {Peter). (See under K.) Claus (Santa), a familiar name for St. Nicholas, the patron saint of children. On Christmas Eve German children have presents stowed away in their socks and shoes while they are asleep, and the little credulous ones suppose that Santa Claus or Klaus placed them there. St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three dtstitute m^dens with marriage portions by secretly leaving money with their widowed mother, and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he was selected for the gift-giver on Christmas Eve. Yonge. " Claverhouse " or the marquis of Argyll, a kinsman of Ravenswood, intro- duced by sir W. Scott in The Bride of Lammermoor (time, William III.). Claver' house (3 syl.), John Graham of Claverhouse (viscount Dundee), a relent- less Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so violent in temper and obdurate of heart, that every Scotchman hates the name. He hunted the covenanters with real vindictiveness, and is almost a by- word for barbarity and cruelty (1650- 1689). Clavijo {Don), a cavalier who " could touch the guitar to admiration, write poetry, dance divinely, and had a 'fine genius for making bird-cages." He married the princess Antonomasia of Candaya, and was metamorphosed by Malambru'no into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote disen- chanted him " by simply attempting the adventure." Cervantes, Don Quixote^ II. iii. 4, 5 (1615). Clavilen'o, the wooden horae on which don Quixote got astride in order to disenchant the infanta Antonoma'sia, her husband, and the countess TrifaJdi (called the " Dolori'da duena"). It was *'the very horse on which Peter of Provence carried off the fair Magalona, and was constructed by Merlin." This horse was called Clavileno or Wooden Peg, because it was governed by a wooden pin in the forehead. Cervantes, Don QuixotCy II, iii. 4, 5 (1615). There is one peculiar advantage attending this horse ; he neither eats, drinks, sleeps, nor wants shoeing. . . . His name is not Pegasus, nor Bucephalus ; nor is It Brilladoro, the name of the steed of Orlando Furioso ; neither is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de Montalbon ; nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses of the sun ; but his name is Clavileno the Winged. Chap. 4. Claypole {Noah), alias "Morris Bolter," an ill-conditioned charity-boy, who takes down the shutters of Sower- berry's shop and receives broken meats from Charlotte (Sowerberry's servant), whom he afterwards marries. C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). CLEANTE. 195 CLEMENTINA. t Cleante (2 syL), brother-in-law of Orgon. He is distinguished for his gertuine piety, and is both high-minded and compassionate. Moliere, La Tartuffe (1664). Cleante (2 syl.), son of Har'pagon the miser, in love with Mariane (3 syL). Harpagon, though 60 years old, wished to marry the same young lady, but Cleante solved the difficulty thus : He dug up a casket of gold from the garden, hrdden under a tree by the miser, and while Harpagon was raving about the loss of his gold, Cleante told him he might take his choice between Mariane and the gold. The miser preferred the casket, which was restored to him, and Cleante married Mariane. Molifere, L'Avare (1667). Cleante (2 syl.), the lover of Angelique daughter of Argan the malade ima'jinaire. As Argan had promised Angelique in marriage to Thomas Diafoirus a young surgeon, Cleante carries on his love as a music-master, and though Argan is present, the lovers sing to each other their plans under the guise of an interlude called *'Tircis and Philis." Ultimately, Argan assents to the marriage of his daughter with Clc'ante. Moliere, Le Malade Imac/inaire (1673). Clean'the (2 syl.), sister of Siphax of Paphos. lieaumont and Fletcher, The Mad Lover (1617). Cleanthe (3 si/t.), the lady beloved by Ion. Talfourdj lun (1835). Clean'thes (3 syl.), son of Leon'ides and husband of Hippolita, noted for his filial piety. The duke of Epire made a law that all men who had attained the age of 80 should be put to death as use- less incumbrances of the commonwealth. Simonides, a young libertine, admired the law, but Cleanthes looked on it with horror, and determined to save his father from its operation. Accordingly, he gave out that his father was dead, and an ostentatious funeral took place ; but Cleanthes retired to a wood, where he concealed Leon'ides, while he and his wife waited on him and administered to his wants. I7ie Old Law (a comedy of Philip Massinger, T. Middleton, and W. Rowley, 1620). Clegg (Holdfast), a puritan mill- wright. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Cleisli'bothain (Jededi'ah), school- master and parish clerk of Gandercleuch, who employed his assistant teacher to arrange and edit the tales told by the landlord of the Wallace inn of tae same parish. These tales the editor dis- posed in three series, called by the general title of The Tales of My Landlord (q.v.). (See introduction of The Black Dwarf.) Of course the real author is sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). Mrs. Dorothea Cleishbotham, wife of the schoolmaster, a perfect Xantippe, and *' sworn sister of tiie Eumen'idOs." Clelia or Cloe'lia, a Roman maiden, one of the hostages given to Por'sena. She made her escape from the Etruscan camp by swimming across the Tiber. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsena not only set her at liberty for her gallant deed, but allowed her to take with her a part of the hostages. Mdlle. Scudcri has a novel on the subject, entitled Cle'lie, Histoire Romaine. Our statues not of those that men desire- Sleek odalisques [/"wrtisft <<<]. . .but The Carian Artemisia . . . LSee Artemisia.] Clelia, Cornelia . . , and the Roman brows Of Agrippina. Tennyson, TAe Princeu, 11. Cle'lia, a vain, frivolous female butter- fly, with a smattering of everything. In youth she was a coquette ; and when youth was pasbcd, tried sundry means to earn a living, but without success. Crabbe, Borough (1810). Clelie (2 syL), the heroine of a novel so called by Mdlle. Scude'ri. (See Clklia.) Clement, one of the attendants of sir Reginal Front de Bceuf (a follower of prince John). Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). Clem'ent {.Justice), a man quite able to discern between fun and crime. Although he had the weakness " of justices' justice," he had not the weak- ness of ignorant vulgarity. Knotoell. They gay he will commit a man for taking the wall of his horse. Wellbred. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on one shoulder, or serving God. Anything, indeed, if it comes in the way of his humour. B. Jonson, Every Man in Bit Humour, iil. 2 (1,W8). Clementi'na (TTie lady), an amiable, delicate, beautiful, accomplished, but un- fortunate woman, deeply in love with sir Charles Grandison. Sir Charles married Harriet Biron. S. Richardson, The His- tory of Sir Charles Grandison (1753). Those scenes relating to the history of Clementina contain passages of deep pattios Encye. Brit. Art. " Fielding." Shakespeare himself has scarcely drawn a more affect- ing or harrowing picture of high-souled suffering and CLEOFAS. 196 CLERKS. Higlitiiig calamity than the inadnes bf Clenientina. Clioiiibers, Engliih Liuruture, il. 161. Cle'ofas {Don)^ the hero of a novel by Lesage, entitled Le Viable Boiteux (The Devil on Two Sticks). A fiery young Spaniard, proud, high-spirited, and revengeful ; noted for gallantry, but not without generous sentiments. Asmo- de'us (4 syl.) shows him what is going on in private families by unroofing the houses (1707). Cleom'brotus or Ambracio'ta of Ambrac'ia (in Epirus). Having read Plato's book on the soul's immortality and happiness in another life, he was so ravished with the description that he leaped into the sea that he might die and enjoy Plato's elysium. He who to enjoy Plato's elyslum leaped into the gea, Cleombrotus. Milton, ParadUe Lout, Ul. 471, etc. (1665). Cleom'enes (4 syl.), the hero and title of a drama by Dry den (1692). As Dryden came out of the theatre a young fop of fashion said to him, " If I had been left alone with a young beauty, I would not have spent my time like your Siiartan hero." " Perhaps not," said the poet, " but you are not my hero." W. C. Russell, Jiepresentative Actors. Cleom'enes (4 syl.). "The Venus of Cleomenes" is now called "The Venus di Medici." Such a mere moist lump was once . . . the Venus of Cleouiends. Ouidi, A riculiU, i. 8. Cle'on, governor of Tarsus, burnt to death with his wife Dionys'ia by the enraged citizens, to revenge the supposed murder of Mari'na, daughter of Per'icles prince of Tvre. Shakespeare, Pericles Frince of Tyre (1608). Cle'on, the personification of glory. Spenser, Faery Queen. Cleop'atra, queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Dionysius her brother. She was driven from her throne, but re-estab- lished by Julius Caesar, B.C. 47. Antony, captivated by her, repudiated his wife, Octavia, to live with the fascinating Egyptian. After the loss of the battle of Actium, Cleopatra killed herself by an asp. E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy called Cle'opdtre Captive (1550) ; Jean Mairet one called Cle'opdtre (1630) ; Isaac de Benserade (1670), J. F. iSlar- montel (1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) wrote tragedies in French on the same subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a tragedy in English called Cleopatra ; Shakespeare one called Antony and Cleo- patra (1608) ; and Dry den one on the same subject, called All. for Love or The World Well Lost (1682). *# Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg [Margaret] Woffingtoa (1718-1760] were unrivalled in this character. Cleopatra and the Fearl. The tale is that (3leopatra made a sumptuous oan- quet, which excited the surprise of Antony ; whereupon the queen took a pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid, and drank the liquor to the health of the triumvir, saying, "My draught to Antony shall exceed in Value the whole banquet." *^* When queen Elizabeth visited the Exchange, sir Thomas Gresham pledged her health in a cup of wine containing a precious stone crushed to atoms, and worth 15,000. Here 15,000 at one clap goes Instead of sugar ; Gresham drinks the pearl Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it ; lords ! Th. Heywood, // rou Know not Me, You Anoor man, he died. Ph. Fletcher, The Purple Islarui, i. 1 (1G33). Colin Clout and his Lassie, referred to in the last book of the Faiiry Quceii, are Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere called "Mirabella" (1596). Colin Clout's Come Home Again. "Colin Clout" is Spenser, who had been to London on a visit to "the Shepherd of tho Ocean " (sir Walter Raleigh), in 1589 ; on his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he wrote this poem. " Hobbinol " his friend (Gabriel Harvey, LL.D.) tells him how all the shepherds had missed him, and begs him to relate to him and them his adventures while abroad. The pastoral contains a eulogy of British contemporary poets, and of the court beauties of queen Elizabeth (1591). (See Colyx.) Colin Tampon, the nickname of a Swiss, as John Bull means an English- man, etc. Colkitto {Voung), or"Vich Alister More," or " Alister M'Donnell," a High- land chief in the army of Montrose. Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles I.). CoUean (May), the heroine of a Scotch ballad, which relates how "fause sir John " carried her to a rock for tho purpose of throwing her down into tho sea ; but May outwitted him, and sub- jected him to the same fate as he had designed for her. Colleen', i.e. " girl ; " Colleen bawn ("the blond girl ") ; Colleen rhue ("the red-haired girl "), etc. *^* Dion Boucicault has a drama en- titled The Colleen Bawn, founded upon Gerald Griffin's novel The Collegians. Collier {Jem), a smuggler. Sir W. Scott, Redgauntlet (time, George III.). Collingboume's Rhyme. I'he rhyme for which Collingbourne waa executed was : A cat, a rat, and Lovel the dog. Rule all England under the hofi. COLLINGWOOD, ETC. 204 COLONNA. For where I meant the king IRichard J J J.] by name of hog, I only alluded to the badge he bore [a boar] ; To Lo\el'ii name I ndded more our dog Because most dogs have borne that name of yore. These metaphors I used with other more. As cat and rat, the half-names iCatetbi/e, Ratdiffe] of the rest. To bide the sense that they so wrongly wrest. Th. SackviUe, A Mirrour for MagiUraytea (" Complayut of Collingbounie"). Collingwood and the Acoms. Collingwood never saw a vacant place in his estate, but he took an acorn out of his pocket and popped it in. Thackerav, Vanity Fair (1848). Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo lord of Teutha {the Tweed). Her father, having murdered Rathmor in his halls, brought up the two young sons of the latter, Calthon and Colmar, in his own house ; but when grown to manhood he thought he detected a suspicious look about them, and he shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed, intending to kill them. Colmal, who was in love with Calthon, set him free, and the two made good their escape to the court of Fingal. Fingal sent Ossian with 300 men to liberate Colmar ; but when Dun- thalmo heard thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Calthon, being taken captive, was bound to an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and joined in marriage to Col- mal, with whom he lived lovingly in the halls of Teutha. Ossian, Calthon and Colmal. Colmar, brother of Calthon. When quite young their father was murdered by Dunthalmo, who came against him by night, and killed him in his banquet hall ; but moved by pity, he brought up the two boys in his own house. When grown to manhood, he thought he ob- served mischief in their looks, and therefore shut them up in two separate cells on the banks of the Tweed. Colmal, the daughter of Dunthalmo, who was in love with Calthon, liberated him from his bonds, and they fled to Fingal to crave aid on behalf of Colmar; but before succour could arrive, Dunthalmo had Colmar brought before him, " bound with a thousand thongs," and slew him with his spear. Ossian, Calthon and Colmal. Colmes-kill, now called Icolmkill, the famous lona, one of the Western islands. It is I-colm-kill ; " I "island^ '' colm "=Columb (St.), and "kiH"= hirryinc] -place ("the burying-ground in St. Columb's Isle"). Rotse. Where is Duncan's body? Macduff. Carried to Colmes-kill ; The sacred store-house of his predecessors, And guardian of their bones. Shakespeare, Macbeth, act il. sc. 4 (1606). Colna-Dona ("/ow of heroes"), daughter of king Car'ul. Fingal sent Ossian and Toscar to raise a memorial on the banks of the Crona, to perpetuate the memory of a victory he had obtained there. Carul invited the two young men to his hall, and Toscar fell in love with Colna-Dona. The passion being mutual, the father consented to their espousals. Ossian, Colna-Dona. Cologne (The three kings of), the three Magi, called Caspar, Melchior, and Baltha'zar. Caspar means "the white one;" Melchior, "king of light;" Balthazar, " lord of treasures." Klop- stock, in The Messiah, says there were six Magi, whom he calls Hadad, Sel'ima, Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and Sunith. *** The "three" Magi are variously named ; thus one tradition gives them as Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus ; another calls them Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin ; a third says they were Ator, Sator, and Perat'oras. They are furthermore said to be descendants of Balaam the Mesopotamian prophet. Colon, one of the rabble leaders in Hvdibras, is meant for Noel Perry an or Ned Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan " of low morals," and very fond of bear-baiting. Colonna {The marquis of), a high- minded, incorruptible noble of Naples. He tells the young king bluntly that hia oily courtiers are vipers who would suck his life's blood, and that Ludov'ico, his chief minister and favourite, is a traitor. Of course he is not believed, and Ludo- vico marks him out for vengeance. His scheme is to get Colonna, of his own free will, to murder his sister's lover and the king. With this view he artfully persuades Vicentio, the lover, _ that Evadne (the sister of Colonna) is the king's wanton. Vicentio indignantly discards Evadne, is challenged to fight by Colonna, and is supposed to be killed. Colonna, to revenge his wrongs on the king, invites him to a banquet with intent to murder him, when the whole scheme of villainy is exposed : Ludovlco is slain, and Vicentio marries Evadne. Shiel, Evadne or the Statue (1820). Colonna, the most southern cape of Attica. Falconer makes it the site of his COLOPHON. 205 COMEDY OF ERRORS. " shipwreck " (canto iii.) ; and Byron Bays the isles of Greece, . . . seen from far Oolonna'g height, Mike glad the heiirt that hails the sight, And lend to loneliness delight. Byron, The Giaour (1813). Col'ophon, the end clause of a book containing the names of the printer and publisher, and the place where the book was printed ; in former times the date and the edition were added also. Colo- phon was a city of lona, the inhabitants of which were such excellent horsemen that they could turn the scale of battle ; hence the Greek proverb to add a colo- phon meant to " put a finishing stroke to an affair." Colossos (Latin, Colossus), a gi- gantic brazen statue 126 feet high, exe- cuted by Chares for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vignenere says it was a striding figure, but comte de Caylus proves that it was not so, and did not even stand at the mouth of the Rhodian port. Philo tells us that it stood on a biH;h of white marble, and Lucius Ampeilius asserts that it stood in a car. Tickell makes out the statue to be so enormous in size, that While at one foot the thronging galleys ride, A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further side ; Betwixt the brazen thighs, in loose array. Ten tbousaud streamers on the billows play. Tickell, On the Proipect of Peace. Col'thred. (^Benjamin) or " Little Benjie," a spy employed by Nixon (Edward Redgauntlet's agent). Sir W. Scott, Hedijauntlet (time, George IIL). Columb (St.) or St. Columba was of the family of the kings of Ulster ; and with twelve followers founded amongst the Picts and Scots 300 Chris- tian establishments of presbyterian cha- racter ; that in lo'na was founded in 663. The PIctish men by St. Columb taught Campbell, Heunura. Columbus. His three ships were the Santa Maria, the Finta, and the Nina. Washington Irving, History of the Life, etc., of Columbus, 183. Colyn Clout (The Boke of), a rhym- ing six-syllable tirade against the clergy, by John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460- 1529). Comal and Galbi'na. Comal was the son of Albion, "chief of a himdred hills." He loved Galbi'na (daughter of Conlech), who was beloved by Grumal also. One day, tired out by the chase, Comal and Galbina rested in the cave of Ronan ; but ere long a deer appeared, and Comal went forth to shoot it During his absence, Galbina dressed her- self in armour "to try his love," and " strode from the cave." Ct)mal thought it was Grumal, let fly an arrow, and she fell. The chief too late discovered hia mistake, i ushed to l>attle, and was slain, Ossian, Fingal, ii. Com'ala, daughter of Sarno king of Inistore {the Orkneys). She fell in love with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had invited him after his return from Denmark or Lochlin {Fingal, iii.). Disguised as a youth, Comala followed him, and begged to be employed in his wars ; but was detected by Hidallan, sou of Lamor, whose love she had slighted. Fingal was about to marry her, when he was called to oppose Caracul, who had invaded Caledonia. Comala witnessed the battle from a hill, thought she saw Fingal slain, and though he returned victorious, the shock on her nerves was so great that she died. Ossian, Comala, Com.an'ches (3 syl.), an Indian tribe of the Texas. (See Camanches.) Com.b {Reynard's Wonderful), said to be made of Pan'thera's bone, the per- fume of which was so fragrant that no one could resist following it ; and the wearer of the comb was always of a merry heart. This comb existed only ia the brain of Master Fox. Reynard the Fox, xii. (1498). Co'me {St.), a physician, and patron saint of medical practitioners. "By St. Cornel" said the surgeon, "here's a pretty adventure." Lesage, UU Bias, vii. 1 (1735). Come and Take Them, The re- ply of Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the messengers of Xerxes, when commanded by the invader to deliver up his arms. Com'edy {The Father of), Aristoph'- anes the Athenian (b.c. 444-380). Comedy {Prince of Ancient), Aristoph'- anes (b.c. 444-380). Comedy {Prince of New), Menandei (B.C. 342-291). Comedy of Errors, by Shakespeare (1593). iEmilia wife of JEgcon had two sons at a birth, and nameA-both of them Antipholus. When grown to manhood, each of these sons had a slave nam.ed Dromio, also twin-brothers. The brothers Antipholus had been shipwrecked in OOMHAL. 206 COMUS. infancy, and being picked up by different vessels, were carried one to Syracuse and the other to Ephesus. The play sup- poses that Antipholus of Syracuse goes in search of his brother, and coming to Ephesus with his slave Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from the extraordinary likeness of the two brothers and their two slaves. Andriana, the wife of the Ephesian, mistakes the Syracusian for her husband ; but he behaves so strangely that her jealousy is aroused, and when her true husband arrives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon after, the Syracusian brother being seen, the wife, supposing it to be her mad husband broken loose, sends to capture him ; but he flees into a convent. Andriana now lays her complaint before the duke, and the lady abbess comes into court. So both brothers face each other, the mis- takes are explained, and the abbess turns out to be iEmilia the mother of the twin- brothers. Now, it so happened that ^geon, searching for his son, also came to Ephesus, and was condemned to pay a fine or suffer death, because he, a Syra- cusian, had set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however, hearing the story, par- doned him. Thus ^geon found his wife in the abbess, the parents their twin sons, and each son his long-lost brother. *^* The plot of this comedy is copied from the MencecAmi of Plautus. ComJial or Combal, son of Tra- thal, and father of Fingal. His queen was Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Com- hal was slain in battle, fighting against the tribe of Momi, the very day that Fingal was born. Ossian. Fingal said to Aldo, "I was born in the midst of battle." Ossian, The Battle <^f Lora. Comines [CMm'./n]. Philip des Co- mines, the favourite minister of Charles *' the Bold," duke of Burgundy, is intro- duced by sir W. Scott in Quentin Dur- ward (time, Edward IV.). Coining Events. And coming events cast their shadows before. Campbell, LochieVt Warning. Comleach (2 syl.), a mountain in Ulster. The Lubar flows between Com- leach and Cromal. Ossian. Commander of the Faithful (I'jTnir al Mwncnin), a title assumed by Omar I., and retained by his successors in the caliphate (581, 634-644). Commandmient ( The Eleventh), Thou shalt not be found out. After all, that Eleventli Commandment is the only one that it is vitally important to keep ir> these days. B. H. Buxton, Jennie of the Prince't, iii. 314. Comminges (2 syl.) (Cownf rfe), the hero of a novel so called by Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749). Committee {The), a comedy by the Hon. sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a Crom- wellite, is the head of a Committee of Sequestration, and is a dishonest, canting rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He gets into his hands the deeds of two heiresses, Anne and Arbella. The former he calls Ruth, and passes her off as his own daughter ; the latter he wants to marry to his booby son Abel. Ruth falls in love with colonel Careless, and Arbella with colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into her hands the deeds, which she delivers over to the two colonels, and when Mr. Day arrives, quiets him by reminding him that she knows of certain deeds which would prove his ruin if divulged (1670). T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a farce under the title of The Honest Thieves. Common {Dol), an ally of Subtle the alchemist. Ben Jonson, The Alchemist (1610). Commoner ( The Great), sir John Barnard, who in 1737 proposed to reduce the interest of the national debt from 4 per cent, to 3 per cent., any creditor being at liberty to receive his principal in full if he preferred it. William Pitt, the statesman, is so called also (1769- 1806). Comne'nus {Alexius), emperor of| Greece, introduced by sir W. Scott in Count Robert of Paris (time, Rufus). Anna Comne'na, the historian, daugh- ter of A-lexius Comnenus, emperor of Greece. Same novel. Compeyson, a would-be gentleman^ and a forger. He duped Abel Magwitch- and ruined him, keeping him completely under his influence. He also jilted Misa^ Havisham. C. Dickens, Great ExpectO'^ tions (1860). Com'rade (2 syl.)y the horse given byj a fairy to Fortunio. He has many rare qualities . . . first he eats but once in eight days; and then he knows what's past, present, and to come [and speaks with the voice of a nianj.- Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tale* (" Fortunio," 168i!). Comus, the god of revelry. In '^ CX)NA. 207 CONLATH. Milton's "masque" so called, the "lady" is lady Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. Thomas Egerton, and the elder brother is lord viscount Brackley (eldest son of John earl of Bridgewater, president of Wales). The lady, weary with long walking, is left in a wood by her two brothers, while they go to gather "cooling fruit" for her. She sings to let them know her whereabouts, and Comus, coming up, promises to conduct her to a cottage till her brothers could be found. The brothers, hearing a noise of revelry, become alarmed about their sister, when her guardian spirit informs them that she has fallen into the hands of Comus. They run to her rescue, and arrive just as the god is offering his cap- tive a potion ; the brothers seize the cup and dash it on the ground, while the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who breaks the spell and releases the lady (1634). Co'na or Coe, a river in Scotland, falling into Lochleven. It is distin- guished for the sublimity of its scenery. Glen-coe is the glen held by the M 'Do- nalds (the chief of the clan being called Maclan). In "Ossian," the bard Ossian (son of Fingal) is called "The voice of Cona." Ossian, Songs of Sclma. They praised the voice of Cooa, first among a thousana Ossian, Songi of Salma, Conacll'ar, the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine, called "the fair maid of Perth ; " but Catharine loves and ultimately marries Henry Smith, the armourer. Conachar is at a later period Ian Eachin [^HectorA M'lan, chief of the clan Quhele. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Ferth (time, Henry IV.). Conar, son of Trenmor, and first " king of Ireland." When the Fir-bolg (or Belgas from Britain settled in the iiouth of Ireland) had reduced the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the north of Ireland) to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for aid. Trathcl (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with an army to their aid ; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, as- sumed the title of " king of Ireland." Conar was succeeded by his son Corraac 1. ; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre ; Cair- bre by his son Artho ; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor) ; and Cormac (after a slight interregnum) by Ferad-Artho (restored by Fingal). Ossian. Con-Cathlin (means "mild beam of the wave"), the pole-star. While yet my locks were young, I marked Con-Cathlin on high, from ocean's mighty wave. Ossian, Oina-Horul. Confessio Amantis, by GoAver (1393), above 30,000 verses. It is a dialogue between a lover and his con- fessor, a priest of Venus named Genius. As every vice is unamiable, a lover must be free from vice in order to be amiable, i.e. beloved ; consequently. Genius ex- amines the lover on every vice before he will grant him absolution. Tale after tale is introduced by the confessor, to show the evil effects of particular vices, and the lover is taught science, and " the Aristotelian philosophy," the better to equip him to win the love of his choice. The end is very strange : The lover does not complain that the lady is obdurate or faithless, but that he himself has grown old. Gower is indebted a good deal to Eusebius's Greek romance of Isme.ne and Ismenias, translated by Viterbo. Shake- speare drew his Pericles Frince of Tyro from the same romance. Confession. The emperor Wenceslaa ordered John of Nep'omuc to be cast from the Moldau bridge, for refusing to reveal the confession of the empress. The martyr was canonized as St. John Nepomu'cen, and his day is May 14 (1330-1383). Confusion worse Confounded, With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout. Confusion worse confounded. MUton, Paradise Loit, il. 996 (1665). Congreve {The Modern), R. B. Sheridan (1751-1816). The School for Scandal crowned the reputation of the modern Ck)ngreve in 1777. Craik, JMerature and Learriing in Jingland, v. 7. Conkey Chick-weed, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in order to make his fortune by exciting the sym- pathy of his neighbours and others. The tale is told by detective Blathers. C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Con'lath, youngest son of Momi, and brother of the famous Gaul (a man's name). Conlath was betrothed to Cu- tho'na, daughter of Ruma, but before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was hospitably received by Momi. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar carried her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlaih CONNAL. 208 CONSTATS. they both fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of grief. Ossian, Conlath and Cuthona. Connal, son of Colgar petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend of Cuthullin general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar. Ossian, Fingal. Con'nell {Father), an aged catholic priest, full of gentle affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnish the incidents of Banim's novel caUcd Father Connell (1842). Father Connell is not unworthy of association witli the protestant Vicar of Wakefield. 'B.. Chmnbera, EnglUh Literature, iu i512. Conlng-sby, a novel by B. Dis- raeli. The characters are meant for por- traits : thus, " Rigby" represents Crokerj "Menmouth," lord Hertford; "Esk- dale," Lowther; "Ormsby," Irving; " Lucretia," Mde. Zichy ; " countess Colonna," lady Strachan; "Sidonia," baron A. de Rothschild; "Henry Sid- ney," lord John Manners ; " Belvoir," duke of Rutland, second son of Beau- manoir. Lord Palmerston, Notes and Queries, March 6, 1875. Conqueror (The). Alexander the Great, The Conqueror of the World (r.c. 356, 336-323). Alfonso of Por- tugal (1094, 1137-1185). Aurungzebe the Great, called Alemgir (1618, 1659- 1707). James of Aragon (1206, 1213- 1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish empire (1259, 1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called Conquistador, because he conquered Peru (1475-1541). William duke of Normandy, who obtained England by conquest (1027, 1066-1137). Con'rad {Lord), the corsair, after- wards called Lara. X proud, ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Bultan Seyd [Seed] was about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise of a dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was released by Gulnare (2 syl.), the sultan's favourite concubine, and fled with her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding his Medo'ra dead, he left the island with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot. Lord Byron, The Corsair, continued in Lara (1814). Con'rade (2 syl.), a follower of don John (bastard brother of don Pedro prince of Aragon). Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing (1600). Con'rade (2 syl.), marquis of Mont- serrat, who with the Grand-Master of the Templars conspired against Richard Oeur de Lion. He was unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the Templar. Sir W. Scott, I'he Talisman (time, Richard I.). Consenting Stars, stars forming certain configurations for good or evil. Thus we read in the book of Judges v. 20, *' The stars in their courses fought against Sisera," i.e. formed configurations which were unlucky or malignant. . . . scourge the bad revolving stars. That have consented unto Henry's death I King Henry the Fifth, too famous to live long! Shaliespeare, 1 Jlenry Yl. act i. sc. 1 (1589). Constance, mother of prince Arthur and widow of Geoffrey Plantagenet. Shakespeare, King John (1598). Mrs. Hartley's " lady Macbeth," "Constance," and "queen Katherine " [Henry V'///.], were powerful em- bodiments, and I question if they have ever since been so finely portrayed [1785-1850]. J. Adolphus, Recollection*. Constance, daughter of sir William Fondlove, and courted by Wildrake, a country squire, fond of field sports. " Her beautv rich, richer her grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all." She was "the mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb ; " she danced well, sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's playmate, and be- came her husband. S. Knowles, The Love Chase (1837). Constance, daughter of Bertulphe pro-^ jH vost of Bruges, and bride of Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had " beauty to shame young love's most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth to keep her woman." By an absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made in 1127, this youns lady, brought up in the lap of luxury^ was reduced to serfdom, because hef grandfather was a serf; her aristocratic husband was also a serf because h< married her (a serf). She went mad at] the reverse of fortune, and died. S. Knowles, The Provost of Brwjes (1836). Constans, a mythical king of Britain^ He was the eldest' of the three sons Constantine, his two brothers bein^ Aurelius Ambrosius and Uther Pen* dragon. Constans was a monk, but the death of his father he laid aside th^ CONSTANT. 209 CONTINENCE. cowl for Uie crown. Vortigem caused him to be aasassinated, and usurped the crown. Aureliiis Ambrosius succeeded Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther Pendragon, father of king Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans was Arthur's uncle. Constant (Ned), the former lover of lady Brute, with whom he intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight. Vanbrugh, The Provoked Wife (1697). Constant (Sir Bashful), a younger brother of middle life, who tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He marries a woman of quality, but finding it comme il faut not to let his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not. He is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an example of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, '* What is mere good nature but a fool ? " Lady Constant, wife of sir Bashful, a *^oman of spirit, taste, sense, wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an attempt to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold indifference. A. Murphy, The Way to keep Him (1760). Constan'tia, sister of Petruccio go- vernor of Bologna, and mistress of the duke of Ferrara. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Chances (1620). Constantia, a protegee of lady McSy- cophant. An amiable girl, in love with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned. C. Macklin, The Man of the World (1764). Con'stantine (3 syl.), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined Anlaf (a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated at Brunan- burh, in Northumberland, and Constan- tine was made prisoner. Our English Athelstan . . . Made all the isle his own . . . And Constantine, the king, a prisoner hither brought Drayton, Folyolbion, xii. 3 (1613). Constantinople (Little). Kertch was so called by the Genoese from its extent and its prosperity. Demosthenes ! calls it " the granary of Athens." } Consuelo (4 syl.), the impersonation f moral purity in the midst of temp- tations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so-called by George Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant). Consul Bib'ulus (A), a cipher xh ofiice, one joined with others in office but without the slightest influence. Bibulus was joint consul with Julius Caesar, but so insignificant that the wits of Rome called it the consulship of Julius and Caesar, not of Bibulus and Casar (b.c. 69). Contemporaneous Discoverers. Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at the same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time the vertebral system. The Penny Cyclo- poedia and Chambers's Journal were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is claimed by several contem- poraries. The processes called Talbotype and Daguerreotype were nearly simul- taneous discoveries. Leverrier and Adams discovered at the same time the planet Neptune. ** This list may be extended to a very great length. Contest (Sir Adam). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a pattern and the very paragon uf women. On the wedding day this first wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but sir Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely. Lady Contest, the bride of sir Adam, " young, extremely lively, and pro- digiously beautiful." She had been brought up in the country, and treated as a child, so her naivete was quite capti- vating. When she quitted the bride- groom's house, she said, " Good-bye, sir Adam, good-bye. I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really un- happy if I did not know that your hap- piness will be infinitely greater with your first wife." Mr. Contest, the grown-up son of sir Adam, by his first wife. Mrs. Inchbald, The Wedding Day (1790). Continence. Alexander the Cheat having gained the battle of Issus (b.c. 833), the family of king Darius fell into his hands ; but he treated the ladies as queens, and observed the greatest deco- rum towards them. A eunuch, having escaped, told Darius that his wife re- mained unspotted, for Alexander had shown himself the most continent and CONTRACTIONS. 210 COPPERFIELD. generous of men. ^Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, iv. 20. SciPio Africanus, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, *' lest he should be tempted to forget his Srinciples." It is. moreover, said that e sent her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was de- picted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the seventeenth cen- turj'. E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold. Might have forgot his virtue at her sight N. Kowe, Tamerlane, iii. 3 (1702). Anson, when he took the Senhora Tlieresa de Jesus, refu-sed even to see the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he was resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of a mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was "of surpassing beauty." Contractions. The following is probably the most remarkable : " Utaca - mund " is by the English called Ooty (India). " Cholmondeley," contractel into Chumly, is another remarkablii example. Conven'tual Friars are those who live in convents, contrary to the rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land, books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder are called " Observant Friars." Conversation Sharp, Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835). Cook who Killed Himself {The). Vatel killed himself in 1671, because the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be served up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the prince de Condd to the king. Cooks {Wages received by). In Rome as much as 800 a year was given to a chef de cuisine ; but Careme received 1000 a year. Cooks of Modem Times. Careme, called "The Regenerator of Cookery" (1784-1833). Charies Elm^ Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in the Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude, Gouffe', and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858. Cookery {Regenerator of)y Careme (1784-1833), (Ude, Gouffe', and Soyer were also regenerators of this art.) Cooper {Anthony Ashly), earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by sir W. Scott in Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Cooper {Do you want a)? that is, "Do you want to taste the wines ? " This ques- tion is addressed to those who have an order to visit the London docks. The "cooper" bores the casks, and gives the visitor the wine to taste. Cophet'ua or Copefhua, a mythi- cal king of Africa, of great wealth, .who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name was Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in Love's labour's Lost, act iv. sc, 1. Tenny- son has versified the tale in T/ie Beggar- Maid. Percy, Eeliques, I. ii. 6, Copley {Sir Thomas), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at Woodstock. Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth (time, Eliza- beth). Copper Captain {A), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to be the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady " pearls," but they are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him : Here's a goodly jewel . . . Did you not win this at Goletta. captain t . , , See liow it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes . . . And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls . . Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits; Put tbes and them on, you're a man of copper, A copper, . . . copper captain. Beaumont and Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Bave a Wife (1640) (W. Lewis (1748-1811) was famous in this character ; but Robert Wilks (1670- 1732) was wholly unrivalled.) The old stage critics delighted In the "Copper Cap- tain ; " it was the test for every comedian. It could bo worked on like a picture, and new readings given. Here It must be admitted that Wilk.s had no rival. Fitzgerald. Copperfield {David), the hero of a novel so called, by C. Dickens. David is Dickens himself, and Micawber ia Dickens's father. According to the tale, David's mother was nursery governess ia a family where Mr. Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow married Edward Murdstone, ^ COPPERHEADS. 211 CORDELIA. hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of DaWd a dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murd- stone sent Davad to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to Messrs. Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse, and set to paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon became tired of this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was kindly received by his [great] -aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him, and sent him as day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with Mr. Wickfield, a lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a mutual attachment sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spen- low, bat at the death of this pretty little " child-wife," he married Agnes Wick- field. C. Dickens, David Copperfield (1849). Copperheads, members of a faction in the north, during the civil war in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed or secret foe. (The Trigono- cephalus contortrtx.) Coppemose (3 syl). Henry VIH, was so called, because he mixed so much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear in the parts most pro- nounced, as the nose. Hence the sobri- quets " Coppemosed Harry," "Old Coppemose." etc, Copple, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called Reynard the Fox (1498). Cora, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of Rolla feneral of the Peruvian army. Sheridan, ^izarro (altered from Kotzebue, 1799). Co'rah, in Dryden's satire of Absa- lom, and Achitophel, is meant for Dr. Titus Gates. As Corah was the political calum- niator of Moses and Aaron, so Titus Gates was the political calumniator of the pope and English papists. As Corah was punished by "going down alive into the pit," so Gates was "condemned to im- prisonment for life," after being publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus Gates as a very short man, and says, " if his mouth were taken for the centre of a circle, his chin, fore- head, and cheekbones would fall in the circumference." Slink were liis even, his voice was harsh and loud. Sure sigiui he neither choleric wan, nor proud ; His long chin proved his wit ; his mint-like graM^ A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face ; His memory miraculously great Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat. Drj-den, Al>$alom and Achitoithel, 1. (181). Corbac'cio (Signior), the dupe of Mosca the knavish confederate of Vol'- pone (2 syl.). He is an old man, with " seeing and hearing faint, and under- standing dulled to childishness," yet he wishes to live on, and Feels not his g9Ut nor palsy ; feigns himself Younger by scores of years ; flatters his age With confident belying it ; hopes he may With charms, like .lEson, have his youth restorcA Ben Jonson, Volpone or the fox (1605). Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] . . . seemed to be proud to wear the poet's double name, and was particu- larly great in ail that author's plays that were usually performed, viz., " Wasp," hi Bartholomew Fair; " Cor- baccio;" "Morose," in The Silent Woman; and "Ana- nias," In ITie Alchemist. Chetvood. C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in "Corbaccio" could forget his effective mode of exclaiming "Has he made his will? What has he given me ? " but Parsons himself says : " Ah ! to see ' Corbaccio ' acted to per- fection, you should have seen Shuter. The public are pleased to think that I act that part well, but his acting was as far superior to mine as mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight." CorTbant, the rook, in the beast-epic of lieynard the Fox (1498). (French, corbeau, "a rook.") Corbrech'tan or Corybrechtan, a whirlpool on the west coast of Scotland, near the isle of .Jura. Its name signifies " Whirlpool of the prince of Denmark," from the tradition that a Danish prince once wagered to cast anchor in it, bfat perished in his foolhardiness. In calm weather the sound of the vortex is like that of innumerable chariots driven with speed. The distant isieg that hear the loud Corbrechtan roar. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming, 1. 6 (1809). Corce'ca (3 sy/.), mother of Abessa. The word means " blindness of heart," or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca shut the door against her ; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una broke down the door. The "lion" means Fngland, "Corceca" popery, " Una " protestantism, and " breaking down the door" the Refomui~ turn. Spenser, Faery Queen, i. 3 (1590). Corde'lia, youngest daughter of king Lear. She was disinherited by her royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent than those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, an J CORI-LAMBO. 212 CORINTHIAN BRASS. when her two elder siatcra refused to entertain the old king with his suite, she brought an armj' over to dethrone them. She was, however, taken captive, thrown into prison, and died there. Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low ; an excellent thing in woman. . Shakespeare, King Lear, act v. sc. 'i (1605). Corflamnbo, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas, and proved a good wife to him. Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 8 (1596). Coriat (Thomas), died 1617, author of a book called Crudities. Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek, As naturally as pigs do squeak. Lionel Cranfield, Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat. But if the meaning were as far to seek As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek, When In that tongue he made a sfieech at length. To show the beast the greatness of his strength. G. Wither, Abutet Stript and WMpt (1613). Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," who having lost her true love by death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest of her life, and was called " The Virgin of the Grove." The shepherd Thenot (final t pronounced) fell in love with her for her "fidelity," and to cure him of his attachment she pre- tended to love him in return. This broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that reverence of love he before enter- tained. Corin was skilled " in the dark, hidden \'irtuous use of herbs," and says Of all green wounds I know the remedies In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes, Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art. Or be they love-sick. John Fletcher, The Faittkful ShejAerdesi, I 1 (1610). Cor'in, Corin' eus (3 syl.), or Corine'us (4 syl.), " strongest of mortal men," and one' of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king of Britain). (See Cori- NEUS.) From Corin came it first? [i.e. the Cornith hiig in wrettlingl. M. Drayton, Polyolbion, L (1612). Corineus (3 syl.). Sou they throws the accent on the first syllable, and Spen- ser on the second. One of the suite of Brute. He overthrew the giant Goem'- agot, for which achievement he was rewarded with the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the inhabitants Corin'eans. (See Corin.) Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning of the encounter, Corineus and the giant stJinding f -ont to front held each other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath ; but GoCmagot pre- sently grasping Corineus with all his might broke three of his ribs, two on his right side and one on his left. At which Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole otrangth, and u'.atdxiiiK up the giant, rau with him on hif, shoulders to the neighbouring shore, and getting on M the top of a liigli rock, hurled the monster into theeea. . . . Tho place where he fell is called Ijini GoCniagot or GoPmaijot'a Leap to this day. Geoffrey, British History, 1. 16 (1142). When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the White Island first Souther, Madoc. vi. (1805). Cori'neus had that province utmost west To him assigned. Spenser, Faery Qtieen, ii. 10 (1590). Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent on the last but one. Which to their general then great Corine'us had. Drayton, PolyolUoa, L (1612). CoriniLa, a Greek poetess of Bceotia, who gained a victory over Pindar at the public games (fl. b.c. 490). . . . they raised A tent of satin, elaborately wrought With fair Corinna's triumph. Tennyson, The Prineeu, liL Corinna, daughter of Gripe the scri- vener. She marries Dick Amlet. Sir John Vanbrugh, The Confederacy (1695). See lively Pope advance in jig and trip " Corinna," "Cherry," "Honeycomb," and "Snip"; Not without art, but yet to nature true. She charms the town with humour just yet new. ChurchiU, Jioieiad (1761). Corinne' (2 syl.), the heroine and title of a nov?l by Mde. de Stacl. Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away. Corinth. ' Tis not every one who can afford to go to Corinth, " 'tis not every one who can afford to indulge in very expen- sive licentiousness." Aristophanes speaks of the unheard-of sums (amounting toi 200 or more) demanded by the harlots oC Corinth. Plutarch, Parallel Lives, i. 2. Non culvis hominum contingit adire Corinthum. Horace, Epist., I. xviL 3ft, A Corinthian, a rake, a "fast man.^ Prince Henry says (1 Henry IV. act ii sc. 4), " IT/ieyl tell me I am no prou Jack, like Falstaff, but a Corinthian, lad of mettle." Corinthianism, harlotry. To Corinthianise, to live an idle dia sipated life. Corinthian {To act the), to becomel fille pvhliqiju;. Corinth was called th(j nursery of harlots, in consequence of th temple of Venus, which was a vast anc magnificent brothel. Strabo says {Ge viii.) : ' ' There were no fewer than a thoi sand harlots in Corinth." Corin'thian Brass, a mixture of gold, silver, and brass, which forms the best of all mixed metals. When Mum- miuB set fire to Corinth, the heat of the he il CORINTHIAN TOM. 213 CORMORAN. conflagration was so great that it melted the metal, which ran down the streets in streams. The three mentioned above ran together, and obtained the name of " Corinthian brass." 1 think it may be of " Corintliian brass," Which was a mixture of all metals, but The brazen uppermost Byron, Don Juan, tL 66 (1821). Corinthian Tom, "a fast man," the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's Life in London. Coriola'nus (Caius Marcius), called Coriolanus from his victory at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (not Volumnia), and his wife Volumnia (not Virgilia). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La Harpe has also a drama entitled Coriolan, produced in 1781. Livy, Annals, ii. 40. 1 remember her [Jlri. Siddorui] coming down the stage in the triumphal entry of her son Coriolanus, wlieii her dumb-show drew plaudits that shook the house. Stie came alone, marching and beatin*; time to the music, rolling . . . from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her son. Such was the intiuiicatiun of joy which flashed f'om her eye and lit up her whole face, that the effect was Irresistible. C. M. Young. Corita'ni, the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicester- shire, Rutlandshire, and Northampcon- Bhire. Drayton refers to them in his Polyolhion, xvi. (1613). Cork Street (London). So called from the Boyles, earls of Burlington and Cork. (See Cliffokd Street.) Cormac I., son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as *' king of Ireland," and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large army, utterly defeated ColcuUa " lord of Atha," and re-estab- lished Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this ser^'ice Cormac gave Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, aud Ossian was their first son. Cormac I. I was succeeded by his son Cairbre ; Cair- j bre by his son Artho ; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor) ; and Cormac II. after a short interregnum) by Ferad- Artho. Ossian. Cormac II. (a minor), king of Ire- j land. On his succeeding his father Artho ] on the throne, Swaran king of Lochlin [Scandinavia] invaded Ireland, and de- feated the army under the command of Cuthullin. Fingal's arrival turned the tide of events, for next day Swaran was routed and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign Torlath rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lego by Cuthullin, who, however, was himself mortally wounded by a random arrow during the pursuit. Not long after this Cairbar rose in insurrection, murdered the young king, and usurped the govern- ment. His success, however, was only of short duration, for having invited Oscar to a feast, he treacherously slew him, and was himself slain at the same time. His brother Cathmor succeeded for a few days, when he also was slain in battle by Fingal, and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar (first king of Ireland, a Cale- donian) was succeeded by his son Cormac I.; Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre ; Cairbre by his son Artho ; Artho by his son Cormac II.; and Cormac II. (after a short inter- regnum) by his cousin Ferad-Artho. Ossian, Fingal, Dar-Thvla, and Temora. Cor'mack {Donald), a Highland robber-chief. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Cor'malo, a " chief of ten thousand spears," who lived near the waters of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island of Scandinavia), to the court of king Annir, and " sought the honour of the spear " {i.e. a tournament). Argon, the elder son of Annir, tilted with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and his brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when their dog Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract attention. Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In the mean time his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son of Ossian, heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to Lano, encoisiered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the daughter, he took her back to Inis- Thona, and delivered her to her father. Ossian, The War of Inis-Thona. Cor'moran' {The Giant), a Cornish giant slain by Jack the Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished' when he was a mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop, that the giant fell into it, where- upop Jack knocked him on the head and killed him. XIm Penian trick U "Ameen and tbeGhool" racnn CORNAVII. 214 CORSAIR. fal thn Scjuuliiiaviaii visit of Thor to Loki, wliich bascome OBWn to Gerni.-uiy in The Bris brows disown The ostentatious symbol of a crown. Esteeming earthly royalty Presumptuous and vain, CrowTi of the East, Antioch, also called "Antioch the Beautiful." Crown of Ionia, Smyrna, the largest city of Asia Minor. Crowns. Byron, in Don Juan, says the sultan is "'master of thirty king- doms" (canto vi. 90). The czar of Russia is proclaimed as sovereign of seventeen crowns. *j^* Of course the sultan is no longer master of thirty kingdoms, 1878. Crowned after Death. Inez da Castro was exhumed six years after her assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, don Pedr^. (See Inez de Castro.) Crowquill (Alfred), Alfred Henry Forrester, author of Leaves from my Memorandum-Book (1859), one of the artists of Funch (1805-1872). Croye (Isabelle countess of), a ward of Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis le's Tours, disguised as Jacqueline ; and her marriage with Quentin Durward concludes the novel. The countess Hameline of Croye, aunt to countess Isabelle. First disguised as Dame Perotte (2 syl.) at Plessis les Tours ; afterwards married to William do la Marck. Sir W. Scott, Quentin Dur-i ward (time, Edward IV.). Croye (Monseigneur de la), an officer of Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy. Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). Croysa'do (The Great), general lord Fairfax (1611-1671). S. Butler, Jludi- bras. Crucifixion (The). When Clovis was told the story of the Crucifixion, he exclaimed, " Had I and my Franks been there, we would soon have avenged the wrong." When Crillon "the Brave" heard the tale, he grew so excited th^t he could not tiontain himself, and btarting up in thft CRUDOR. 226 CUCKOO. church, he cried aloud, Ou tais tu, Crillon ? ( " What were you about, Crillon, to allow of such deeds as these ? ") Crudor {Sir)^ the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the beards of knights, to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his beard, as " passing pay," or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor being overthrown by sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this toll. Spenser, Fdery Queen, V. 1 (1596). Cruel {The), Pedro king of Castile (1334, 1350-1369). Cruik'shanks {Ebemzer), landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.). Crmn'mles {Mr. Vincent), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager of the Portsmouth Theatre. It was necessary that the writer should, like Mr. Crummies, dramatist, eonstnict his piece in the interest of " the pump and washing-tubs." P. FitJSgerald. Mrs. Crummies, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummies, a stout, ponderous, tragedy- queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like lady Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full of kindness, and always willing to help the needy. Miss Ninetta Crummies, daughter of the manager, and called in the play-bills "the infant phenomenon." C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). Crumthormo, one of the Orkney or Shetland Islands. -Ossian, Cath-Loda. Cruncher {Jerry), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was con- tinually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed "flopping." He was a "resurrec- tion man." C. Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (1859). Crupp {Mrs.), a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her. C. Dickens, David Copperfield (1849). Crushed by Omaments. Tar- peia, daughter of the governor of the lioman citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the Sabine bracelets and ^JoUars to open a gate of the fortress to the besiegers, on condition that they would give her the omaments which they wore on their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they passed threw on her their shields, saying, "These are the ornaments worn by the Sabines on their arms," and the maid was crushed to death. G. Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allu- His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine [He] maid, have not crushed Ima. Introductory uay to Long, fellow. Crusoe {Hobinson), the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life for many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by ingenious contrivances (1719). (The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch sailor, who in 1704 was left by captain Stradding on the uninhabited island of Juan Fer- nandez. Here he remained for four years and four months, when he was rescued by captain Woods Rogers and brought to . England.) Was there ever anything written by mere man that ! the reader wished longer except Jiobinson Crutoe, Don^, fixate, and The Pilgrim't Proj/resi /Dr. Johnson. Cruth-Loda, the war-god of the ancient Gaels. On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda ; house of the spirits of men. In the end of his cloudy halll bends forward Cruth-Loda of swords. His form is dimlyl seen amid the wavy mists, his right hand is on bis shieltL] Ossian, Cath-Loda. Crystal'line ( The) . According to the theor)' of Ptolemy, the crystalline sphei comes after and beyond the firmament or| sphere of the fixed stars. It has a shim-j mering motion, which somewhat inter-j feres with that of the stars. They pass the planets seven, and pass the " fixed," And that crystalline sphere whose balance weighs The trepidation talked [of]. Milton, Paradise Lost, iii. (1665). Cuckold King {The), sir Mark ol Cornwall, whose wife Ysolde lE.sdld]\ intrigued with sir Tristram (his nephew),] one of the knights of the Round Table. Cuckoo. Pliny (iVa^. Hist. x. 9) says t^ "Cuckoos lay always in other birds* But, since the cuckoo builds not for himself. Remain in 't as thou mayst. Bhakespeare, A ntony and Cleopatra, act ii. sc. 6 (1608). (The Bohemians say the festivals of the Virgin used to be held sacred even by dumb animals, and that on these sacred days all the birds of the air ceased build- ing their nests except the cuckoo, which was therefore doomed to wander without having a nest of its own.) ^ CUDDIE. 227 CUMNOR HALL. Cud'die or Cuthbert Headrigg, a ploughman, in the service of lady Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem. Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles IL). Cuddy, a herdsman, in Spenser's Shephearae' s Calendar, in three eclogues of which Cuddy is introduced : Eel. ii. is a dialogue between Thenot and Cuddy, in which Cuddy is a lad who complains of the cold, and Thenot laments the degeneracy of pastoral life. At one time shepherds and herdsmen were hardy, frugal, and contented ; but nowadays, he says, "they are effeminate, luxurious, and ambitious.' He then tells Cuddy the fable of "The Oak and the Bramble." (See Thenot.) Eel. viii. Cuddy is a full-grown man, appointed umpire to decide a contention in song between the two shepherds, Willy and Perigot. He pronounced each to be worthy of the prize, and then sings to them the " Lament of Colin for Rosa- lind." Eel. X. is between Piers and Cuddy, the subject being "divine poetry." Cuddy declares no poet would be equal to Colin if his mind were not unhappily unhinged by disappointed love. Spenser, The Shephearde's Calendar (1579). Cuddy, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouze- linda's swain, repels the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of their respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of their con- tention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses, pronounces that " both merit an oaken staff," but, says he, "the herds are weary of the songs, and so am L" Gay, Pastoral, i. (1714). (This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's Eel. iii.) Cui Bono? " Of what practical use is it ? "See Cicero, Pro Milone, xii. 32. Cato, that great and grave philosopher, did commonly demand, wlien any new project was propounded unto him, "Cul bono?" What good would ensue in case the same were effected? Th. Fuller. Worthiot (" The Design, etc.,"i.). Culdees {i,e. sequestered persons), tlie primitive clergy of presbyterian character, established in lo'na or Icolm- kill [I-columb-kill] by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563. They also founded similar church establish- ments at Abernethy, Dunkeld, Kirk- caldy [Kirk-Culdee], etc., and at Lindes- fame, in England. Some say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop of Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of exter- mination, when those who could escape sought refuge in lona, the original cradle of the sect, and were not driven thenca till 1203. Peace to their shades ! the pure Culdees Were Albyn's [Scotland't] earliest priests of God, Ere yet ,in island of her seas By foot of Saxon monk was trod. Campbell, Jleullurat Culloch (Sawney), a pedlar. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George Cumberland (/o^no/). "The devil and John of Cumberland" is a blunder for " The devil and John-a-Cumber." John-a-Cumber was a famous Scotch magician. He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber, Tlie only man renownde for magick skill. Oft have I heard lie once beguylde the devill. A. Munday, John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber (1595). Cumberland (William Augustus duke of), commander-in-chief of the army of George IL, whose son he was. The duke was especially celebrated for his victory of CuUo'den (1746) ; but he was called "The Butcher" from the great severity with which he stamped out the clan system of the Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at the battle of Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in Waverley (time, George H.). Proud Cumberland prances. Insulting the slain. And their hoof-beuten bosoms are trod to the plain. Campbell, LochieVt Warning. Cumberland Poet {The), William Wordsworth, bom at Cockermouth (1770-1850). Cum'bria. It included Cumberland, Dumbarton, Renfrew, Ayr, Lanark, Peebles, Selkirk, Roxburgh, and Dum- fries Cumnor Hall, a ballad by Mickle, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had been won and thrown away by the earl of Leicester. She says if roses and lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field, which some country Bwain might have won and valued? Thus sore and sad the lady grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and never more was that countess seen. *** Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his Kenilworth, which ha called Cumnor Hall, but Constable, hi CUNEGONDE. 228 CURTAIN PAINTED. publisher, induced him to change the nnme. Cundgonde [Ku'.na.gond] , the mistress of Candide (2 syL), in Voltaire's novel called Candide. Sterne spells it " Cunegund." Cun'ningham (Archie), one of the archers of the Scotch guards at Plessis le's Tours, in the pay of Louis XI. Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward (time, Ed- ward IV.). Cu'no, the ranger, father of Agatha. Weber, Der Freischutz (1822). Cuno'beline, a king of the Sil'ures, son of Tasciov'anus and father of Carac- tScus. Coins still exist bearing the name of " Cunobeline," and the word " Camalodunum " [^Colchester], the capital of his kingdom. The Roman general between a.d. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47 Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner. Some think Cunobeline is Shake- speare's " Cj-^mbeline," who reigned from B.C. 8 to A.D. 27 ; butCymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius, his sons Guide'rius and Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius Lucius. . . . the courageous sons of our Cunobelin Sank under Plautius' sword. Drayton. Polyolbion, vili. (1612). Cunstance or Constance. (See CUSTANCE.) Cupar Justice, hang first, and try afterwards. (Same as " Jedbury Jus- tice.") Cupid and Psyche [Sl'.ky'], an episode in The Golden Ass of Apuleius. The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psyche. He visited her every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not to attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity over- came her prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on his shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psyche now wandered in search of the lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty. Having suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and she became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject ; Wm. Morris has poetized the same in his Earthly Paradise (" May ") ; Lafon- taine has a poem called Psyche', in imita- tion of the episode of Apuleius ; and Molifere has dramatized the subject. *^* Woman's ideal of love must not be subjected to too strong a light, or it will flee away, and the woman will suffer long years of torment. At length truth will correct her exaggerated notions, and love will reside with her for the rest of her life. Cupid's Jack - o' - Lantern, the object of an affair of gallantry. Bob Acres says : " Sir, 1 have followed Cupid's Jack-o'-lantern, and find myself in a quagmire at last." Sheridan, The Hivals, iii. 4 (1775). Cu'pidon (Jean). Count d'Orsay was so called by lord Byron (1798-1852). The count's father was styled Le Beau d'Orsay. Cur'an, a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of King Lear (1605). Cure de Meudon, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly cure of Meudon (1483-1553). Cu'rio, a gentleman attending on the duke of Illyria. Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1614). Curio. So Akenside calls Mr. Pul- teney, and styles him " the betrayer of his country," alluding to the great states- man's change of politics. Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of Caesar, but subsequently of CaBsar's party, and one of the victims of the civil war. Is this the man in freedom's cause approved, The man so great, so honoured, so beloved . . . Tills Curio, hated now and scorned by all. Who fell himself to work liis country's fall ? Akenside, pistle to Curio. Curious Impertinent (The), a tale introduced by Cervantes in his Don Quixote. The "impertinent" is an Italian gentleman who is silly enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to storm it if he can. Of course his friend "takes the fort," and the fool is left to bewail his own folly. Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605). Currer Bell, the nom de plume of Charlotte Bronte, author of Ja7ie Eyre lAir'\ (1816-1865). Curtain Painted. Parrhasioi painted a curtain so wonderfully well that even Zeuxis, the rival artist, thought it was real, and bade him draw his drapery aside and show his picture. The painting of Zeuxis Avas a bunch of grapes so true to nature that the birds came to peck at the fruit. The "cur- tain," however, gained the prize ; for though the grapes deceived the hirds^ the curtain deceived Zeuxis. I CURTANA. 229 CUTHIJLLIN. Curta'na, the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point, and was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III. the royal sword of England was so called. But when Curtana will not do the deed, You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by, And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly. Dryden, The Hind and the Panther, u. (1687). Curta'na or Courtain, the sword of Ogier the Dane. He [Ogier} drew Courtain his sword out of its sheath. W. MorrU, Earthly ParadUe, 1534. Curt-Hose (2 sijL), Robert II. due de Normandie (1087-1134). Curt-Mantle, Henry II. of Eng- land (1133, 1154-1180). So called be- cause he wore the Anjou mantle, which was shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors. Curtis, one of Petruchio's servants. Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew (1594). Cur'zon Street (London). So named after the ground-landlord, George Au- gustus Curzon, third viscount Howe. Cushla Machree (Irish), " My heart's delight." Custance, daughter of the emperor of Rome, affianced to the sultan of Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order to marry her. His mother hated this apostacy, and at the wedding breakfast slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked in a ship, which Was set adrift, and in due time reached the British shores, where CustanCe was rescued by the lord-con- stable of Northumberland, who took her home, and placed her under the care of his wife Hermegild. Custance converted both the constable and his wife. A young knight wished to marry her, but she declined his suit, whereupon he murdered Hermegild, and then laid the bloody knife beside Custance, to make her suspected of the crime. King Alia ex- amined the case, and soon discovered the real facts, whereupon the knight was exe- cuted, and the king married Custance. The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the absence of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in a ship, which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years, it was taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and Custance with her son Maurice became the guests of a Roman senator. It so happened that Alia at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage, and encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland and lived in peace and happiness the rest of her life. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (" The Man of Law's Tale," 1388). Cusiance, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes to marry, but he is wholly baflled in his scheme. Nicholas Udall, Ralph Eoistcr Doister (first English comedy, 1534). Cute (Alderman), a " practical philo- sopher," resolved to put down everything. In his opinion "everything must'be put down." Starvation must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and poverty. C. Dickens, IViO Chirnes (1844). Cuthal, same aa Uthal, one of the Orkneys. Cuthbert (St.), a Scotch monk of the sixth century. St. Cuthbjrt' s Beads, joints of the articulated stems of encrinites, used for rosaries. So called from the legend that St. Cuthbert sits at night on the rock in Holy Island, forging these " beads." The opposite rock serves him for anvil. On a rock of Lindisfam St. Cuthbert sits, and toils to frame The sea-born beads that bear his name. Sir W. Scott. Marmion (1808). St. Cuthherfs Stane, a granite rock in Cumberland. St. CuthberVs Well, a spring of water close by St. Cuthbert' s Stane. Cuthbert Bede, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of Verdant Green (1857). Cutho'na, daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Coulath, youngest son of Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated, Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the young men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died also. Ossian, Conlath and Cuthona. Cuthullin, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent during the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'ela, dauj'hter of Sorglan. In the poem called Fingal, CuthuUin was de- feated by Swaran king of Lochlin IScandinavia], and being ashanwa to CUTLER. 230 CYLLAROS. meet Fingal, retired from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal, having utterly defeated Swaran, invited CuthuUin to the ban- quet, and partially restored his depressed spirits. In the- third year of Cormac's reign, Torlath, son of Can'tela, rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the lake Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow. Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon dethroned by the rebel Cairbar, and murdered. Ossian, Fingal and The Death of CuthtUlin. Cutler (Sir John), a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the utmost poverty. Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not build a wall His only daughter in a stranger's power, For very want he could not pay a dower. A few grey hairs his reverend temples crowned, 'Twas very want that sold them for two pound. . . . Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, " Virtue and Wealth, what are ye but a name T " Pope, Moral Esiays, iii. (1709). Cutpurse {Moll), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy called The Roaring Girl (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigour, who not unfre- quently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse once attacked general Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and sent to Newgate ; she es- caped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and died of dropsy at the age of 76. Nathaniel Field introduces her In his drama called Amends for Ladies (1618). Cuttle {Captain Edward), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's instru- ment maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook instead of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He was in the habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke "to overhaul the catechism till they found it ; " but, he added, " when found, make a note on." The kind- hearted seaman was very fond of Florence Dombey, and of Walter Gay, whom he called " Wal'r." When Flo- rence left her father's roof, captain Cuttle sheltered her at the Wooden Midshipman. One of his favourite eentiments was " May we never want a friend, or a bottle to give him." C. l)ickens, Domhey and Son (1846). (" When found, make a note of " is the motto of Notes and Qvuiries.) Cyan'earL Rocks, the Symple'- gSdes (which see), so called from their deep greenish-blue colour. Hero are those bard rocks of trap of a greenUb-blue coloured with copper, and hence called the Cyaocia. Olivier. Cyc'lodes (3 syL), some t'enty islands, so called from the classic legend that they circled round Dolos when that island was rendered stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo. Cyclic Poets, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or additions to Homer's Iliad and Odyssey ; they were called "Cyclic" because they confined themselves to the cycle of the Trojan war. Ag'ias wrote an epic on " the return of the Greeks from Troy " (b.c. 740). Arcti'nos wrote a continuation of the Iliad, describing the taking of Troy by the "Wooden Horse," and its conflagra- tion. Virgil has copied from this poet (B.C. 776). Eu'gamon wrote a continuation of the Odyssey. It contains the adventures of Teieg'onos in search of his father Ulysses. When he reached Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and Telegonos killed Ulysses wit'n a spear which his mother Circe had given him (h.c. 568). Les'ches, author of the Little Iliad, in four books, containing the fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses, and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708). SxAsi'iJOs, " son-in-law " of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the Iliad. Cyclops. Their names are Brontes, SterSpes, and Arges. (See Sindbai>, voy. -6.) Cyclops ( The Holy). So Dryden, in Masque of Albion and Albanius, cal: Richard liumbold, an Englishman, chief conspirator in the " Ryehouse P'lol He had lost one eye, and was executed. Cydip'pe (3 syL), a lady courted Acontius of Cea, but being unable obtain her, he wrote on an apple, swear by Diana that Acontius shall be m; husband." This apple was presented to the maiden, and being persuaded that she had written the words, though inadveXj teutly, she consented to marry Acontii for " the oath's sake." Cydippe by a letter was betrayed, Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid. Ovid, Arto/ Lwe, Cyl'laros, the horse of PoUu according to Virgil {Georg. iii. 90), but of Castor according to Ovid (Metam. xii. 408), It was coal-black, with white legs and tail. she I I ux f u CYLLENIUS. 231 CYNTHIA. Cylle'riius, Mercurj-- ; so called from mount Cyllene, in Arcadia, where lie was born. CyinTbeline (3 syL), mythical king of Britain for thirty-tive years. He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus Ca?sar. His father was Tenan- tius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans exacted of Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius Casar. Cymbeline married tAvice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who married Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a former husband. Shakespeare, Cymheline (1605). Cjniiocliles {^Sl.mdk' .leezl, brother of Pyroch'les, son of Aerates, and hus- band of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against sir Guyon, but being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons him- self to self-indulgence, and is slain by king Arthur (canto 8). Spenser, FaMry Queen, ii. 5, etc. (1590). Cymod'oce (4 syl.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk. iv. 12 of the Faery Queen, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as Cymo'ent "daughter of Kerens" (2 syl.) by an earth-born father, '* the famous Dumarin." Cymoent. (See Cymodoce.) Cyrn'ry, the Welsh. The Welsh always called themselves "Cymnr," the literal meaning of which Is "aborigines." ... It is tlie same word as "Cinibri." . . . They call their Linguage "Cymraeg," i.e. "the primitive tongue." E. Williams. Cynaegi'ros, brother of the poet iEschylos. When the Persians, after the battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cynaegiros seized one of I their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he grasped it with his I left hand ; this being cut off, he seized it with his teeth, and lost his life. Admiral Benbow, in an engage- ! ment with the French, near St. Martha, I in 1701, had his legs and thighs shivered \ into splinters by chain-shot ; but (sup- ported on a wooden frame) he remained \ on deck till Du Casse sheered off. j: Almeyda, the Portuguese governor IJ of India, had his legs and thighs shattered I in a similar way, and caused himself to I be bound to the ship's mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the com- i batants. i Jaafek, at the battle of Muta, car- 1 ried the sacred banner of the prophet. ( One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other 5 this also being cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last his head was cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the lanner, which was thus detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to Khal'ed. Cyne'tha (3 syl.), eldest son of Cad- wallon (king of North Wales). He was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority, Owen and Cynetha loved each other dearly ; but when the orphan came of age and claimed his in- heritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by exposing them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon accom- panied Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while Madoc was in Wales preparing for his second voyage. Southe}', Madoc, i. 3 (1805). Cadwallonls erat primnevus jure Cynetha : Froh pudor 1 hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus. The Pentarchia. C3mic Tub ( 7'Ae),Diog'enes, the Cynio philosopher lived in a tub, and it is to this fact that allusion is made in the line : [rAeu] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub. Milton. Comut, 708 (1634). Cy'nosure (3 syl), the pole-star. The word means " the dog's tail," and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all observers. Cynosu'ra was an Ida;an nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (I syl.). Some gentle taper, Tho' a nush candle, from the wicker hole Of some clay habitation, visit us With thy long levelled rule of streaming light, And thou shall be our star of Arcady, Or Tyrian cynosure. Milton, Comttt (1634). Where perhaps some Beauty lies, TUe cynosure of neighbouring eyes. Milton, L' Allegro (ISSSK Cyn'tliia, the moon or Diana, who was born on mount Cynthus, in Delos. Apollo is called "Cynthius." . . . watching, in the night. Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light. Falconer, The Suipmreck, iii. 2 (1756). Cyn'thia. So Spenser, in Colin Chufs Come Home Again, calls queen Elizabeth, "whose angel's eye" was his life's sole bliss, his heart's eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in The Purple Island, iii., also calls queen Elizabeth "Cynthia." Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting . . . Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes . . . Her looks were like beams of tlie morning sun Forth looking thro' the windows of the east . . . Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense Which from a golden censer forth doth ri.se. Spenser, Colin Clout's Come Home Again (1591). Cynth'ia, daughter of sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of lady Pliant. She is in love with Meile'font (2 syl.). Sir CYPRIAN. DAGONET. Paul calls her "Thy." W. C!ongreve, The Double Dealer (1694). Cyp'rian {A), a woman of loose morals ; so called from the island Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria. Cyp'rian {Brother), a Dominican monk at the monastery of Holy rood. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maui of Ferih (time, Henry IV.). Cyrena'ic Shell {The), the lyre or strain of Callim'achos, a Greek poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse are still extant. For you the Cyrenaic shell Behold I touch revering. Akeiiside, Uymn to the Naiads. Cyr'ie {St.), the saint to whom Bailors address themselves. The St. Elmo of the Welsh. The weary mariners Called on St. Cyric's aid. Southey. itadoc, i. 4 (1805), Cyrus and Tom'yris. Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of Asia, was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tse, in Scythia. Tomyris cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, saying, as she did so, " There, drink thy fill." Dante refers to this incident in his Purgatory, xii. Consyder Cyrus . . . He whose huge power no man might overthrowe, Tomy'ris queen with great despite hath slowe, His head dismembered from his mangled corps Herself s!ie cast into a vessel fraught With clotted bloud of them that felt her force. And with these words a just reward she taught Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught." T. Sackville. A Mirrour for Magistraytet {" The Complaynt." 1587). Cythere'a, Venus ; so called from Cythe'ra (now Cerigo), a mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite (or Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by Vulcan, and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus. He the fate [may iing] Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained. Akenside, Hymn to the Jfaiadt. Cyze'nis, the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own children. Czar (Caesar), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who, in 1472, mar- ried a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also introduced the double- headed black eagle of Byzantium as the imtional symbol. The official style of iiie Rubsian autocrat is Samoderjetz, J>. D'Acunha {Teresa), waiting-woman to the countess of Glenallan. Sir W. Scott, Antiquary (time, George III.). Daffodil. "When Perseph'one, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna, in Sicily, to gather white daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to be- come his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the meadows thenceforth abounded. She stepped upon Sicilian grass, Denieter's daughter, fresh and fair, A cliiW of light, a radiant lass, And gamesome as the morniug air. The daffodils were fair to see, They nodded lightly on the lea; Persephonfil Persephonfil Jean Ingelow, Peruphone. Dagon, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2) Beelzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon, Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the " ark " was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands were broken off. Next came . . . Dagon . . . sea-monster, upward mau And downward fish. MUton, Paradise Lost, i. 457, etc (1665). Dag'onet {Sir), king Arthur's fool.. One day sir Dagonet, with two squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well sir Tristram soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their horses and ride off, amid the jeei of the spectators (pt. ii. 60). King Arthur loved sir Dagonet passing well, and madaj^ him knight with his own hands ; and at every tourna- ' ment he made king Arthur laugh. Sir T. Malory, Hitto\ of Prince Arthur, U. 97 (1470). Justice Shallow brags that he once personated sir Dagonet, while he was student at Clement's Inn. Shakespeare, 2 Jlenry IV. act ii. sc. 2 (1598). _ *^* Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other instances, from the old romance. The History says that king Arthur made Dagonet knight "with his own hands," because he "loved him ^ DALDAH. 233 DAMOCLES. passing well ; " but Tennyson says that sir Gawain made him " a mock-kuight of the Round Table." The Last Tiruma- rmnt, 1. Dal'dah, Mahomet's favourite white mule. Dalga, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but Goltho is saved by his friend Ulfinore. Sir W. Da- renant, Gondibert (died 1668). Dalgamo {Lord Malcolm of), a pro- fligate young nobleman, son of the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes Dalgamo with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in " Alsatia." Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the lady Hermione excites the displea- sure of king James, and he would have been banished if he had not married her. After this, lord Dalgamo carries oif the wife of John Christie, the ship-owner, and is shot by captain Colepepper, the Alsatian bully. Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James L). Dalgetty (Dugald), of Drum- thwacket, the union of the soldado with the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune, he is retained in the service of the earl of Monteith. The marquis of Argyll (leader of the parlia- mentary army) tried to tamper with him in prison, but Dugald seized him, threw him down, and then made his escape, locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, captain Dalgetty was knighted. This "Rittmaster" is a pe- dant, very conceited, full of vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge, a student of divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the highest bidder. The character is original and well drawn. Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles L). It was an old fortalice, but is now reduced to the dimensions of a " sconce " that would have delighted the strategic soul of Dugald Dalgetty, of Drumtliwacket Yates, CeUbrUieg, etc., 46. I *** The original of this character was I Munro, who wrote an account of the campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island of I Swmemtinde, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters. j Dalton (Mrs.), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham Rec- tory. Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian I (time, George II.). i Dalton {Reginald), the hero of a novel so called, by J. G. Lockhart (1832) Dalzell {General Thomas), in tho royal army of Charles II. Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (1816). Damascus of the North. Bosna- Serai, capital of Bosnia, is so called from its garden-like aspect, trees being every- where mingled with the houses. Dame du Lac, Vivienne le Fay, The lake was "en la marche de la petite Bretaigne ; " "en ce lieu . . . avoit la dame moult de belles maisons et moult riches." Dame du Lac, Sebille (2 syl.). Her castle was surrounded by a river on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it. Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of his wounds, and king Arthur was the result of their amour. (This ig not in accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See Ar- thur.) Ferceforest, i. 42. Dam'ian, a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). Dam.iot'ti {Dr. Baptisti), a Paduan quack, who exhibits " the enchanted mirror " to lady Forester and lady Both- well. They see therein the clandestine marriage and infidelity of sir Philip Forester. Sir W. Scott, Aunt Margaret's Mirror (time, William III.). Damis \_Ddh.me'], son of Orgon and Elmire (2 syl.), impetuous and self- willed. Molifere, Tartuffe (1664). Damn with Faint Praise. Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer, And without sneering teach the rest to sneer. Pope, Prologue to the Satires, 201 (1734). Damno'nii, the people of Damno'- nium, that is, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset- shire, and part of Somersetshire. This region, says Richard of Cirencester {Hist. vi. 18) was much frequented by the Phoenician, Greek, and Gallic merchants, for the metals with which it abounded, and particularly for its tin. Wherein our Devonshire now and farthest Cornwal are, The old Danmouii [ -*" combatant was his sentence of gf** Take hence that traitor from our sishf For. by his death, we do perceive liis iL.-- 5.5^ Shakespeare, 2 Jlenry Vl. act ii. . ; '; Death Ride {The), the charg;, .! the Light Brigade at Balaklava, OcVjj- 25, 1854. In this action 600 Engh ,' horsemen, under the command of the ear: of Cardigan, charged a Russian force * 5000 cavalry and six battalions of ir fantry. They galloped through t**" battery of thirty guns, cutting do^.;'* the artillerymen, and through the cavalfr " but then discovered the battalions, ? " cut their Avay back again. Of the 670 v^ ' advanced to this daring charge, not *' " returned. This reckless exploit was \i'. result of some misunderstanding ^ .'.! ' order from the commander-m-chifcfi: Tennvson has a poem on the subject, called The Charge of the Light Brigade. For chivalrous devotion and daring, "the Death Ride" of the Light Brigiule will not easily be paralleled. SIT Edw. Creasy, The. Fifteen Decisive Battles (preface). Debatable Land {Tie), a tract of land between the Esk and the Sark. It seems properly to belong to Scotland, bat having been claimed by both crowns was I DEBON. 243 DEFARGE. tyled The Debatable Land. Sir Richard Graham bought of James I. of England a lease of this tract, and got it united to the county of Cumberland. As James ruled over both kingdoms, he was supremely indifferent to which the plot was annexed. Deb'on, one of the companions of Brute. According to British fable, Devon- shire is a corruption of " Debon's-share," or the share of country assigned to Debon. Deborah. Debbitch, govemante at ladv Peveril's. Sir W. Scott, Feveril of the' Peak (time, Charles II.). Dec'adi, plu. dec'adis, the holiday every tenth day, in substitution of the Sunday or iabbath, in the first French Revolution. . All (l^cadi be labours in the comer of the Augustin lister, Mid he calls that his holiday. T/ie A tetier du 't.a. Decern Scriptores, a collection of ten ancient chronicles on English ry, edited by Twysden and John n. The names of the chroniclers .e Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, "ichard of Hexham, Ailred of Rieval, ' alph de Diceto, John Brompton of . .-val, Gervase of Canterbury, Thomas 'tubbs, William Thorn of Canterbury, ' d Henry Knighton of Leicester. ''cius, friend of Antin'ous (4 syl.). lont and Fletcher, Laws of Candy e of Fontainebleau, an .a. Napoleon I., ordering the destruc- by fire of all English goods (dated ber 18, 1810, from Fontainebleau). ' Dec'uman G-ate, one of the four atcs in a Roman camp. It was the gate )site the praetorian, and furthest from rncmy. Called (itfcman because the ', legion was always posted near it. other two gates (the porta principalis ra and the porta principalis sinistra) Vi, re on the other sides of the square. If Hk:i pra'torian gate was at the top of this j^e, tiie dr;yijlrnan gate would be at the ^jttom, the porta dextra on the right -nd, and the porta sinistra on the left. Dedlock {Sir Leicester), bart., who has a general opinion that the world might get on without hills, but would be "totally done up " without Dedlocks. He loves lady Dedlock, and believes in her implicitly. Sir Leicester is honour- able and truthful, but intensely preju- diced, immovably obstinate, and proud ,M " county " can make a man ; but his pride has a most dreadful fall when the guilt of lady Dedlock becomes known. Lady Dedlock, wife of sir Leic(?ster, beautiful, cold, and apparently heartless ; but she is weighed down with this terrible secret, that before marriage she had had a daughter by captain Hawdon. This daughter's name is Esther [Summerson] the heroine of the novel. Volumnia Dedlock, cousin of sii Leicester. A "young" lady of 60, given to rouge, pearl-powder, and cos- metics. She has a habit of prying into the concerns of others. C. Dickens, Bleak Hmse (1853). Dee's Spec'ulum, a mirror, which Dr. John Dee asserted was brought to him by the angels Raphael and Gabriel. At the death of the doctor it passed into the possession of the earl of Peterborough, at Drayton ; then to lady Betty Germaine, by whom it was given to John last duke of Argyll. The duke's grandson (lord Frederic Campbell) gave it to Horace Walpole ; and in 1842 it was sold, at the dispersion of the curiosities of Strawberry Hill, and bought by Mr. Smythe Pigott. At the sale of Mr. Pigott's library, in 1853, it passed into the possession of the late lord Londes- borough. A writer in Notes and Queries (p. 376, November?, 1874) says, it "has now been for many years in the British Museum," where he saw it " some eighteen years ago." This magic speculum is a flat polished mineral, like cannel coal, t-f a circular form, fitted with a handle. Deerslayer ( 7'he), the title of a novel by J. F. Cooper, and the nickname of its hero, Natty or Nathaniel Bumppo. Ho is a model uncivilized man, honourable, truthful, and brave, pure of heart and without reproach. He is introduced in five of Cooper's novels : The Deerslayer, The Pathfinder, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pioneers, and The Prairie. He ia called "Hawk-eye" in The Last of the Mohicans; "Leather-stocking" in The Pioneers; and "The Trapper" in Tlie Prairie, in which last book he dies. Defarge {Mons.), keeper of a wine shop in the Faubourge St. Antoine, in Paris. He is a bull-necked, good- humoured, but implacable-looking man. Mde. Defarge, his wife, a dangerous woman, with' great force of character; everlastingly knitting. Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye, that seldom seemed to look at anythlns. C. Dickens, A XaU of Two CMm DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. 244 DELLA CRUSCA SCHOOL. Defender of the Faith, the title first given to Henry VIH. by pope Leo X., for a volume against Luther, in defence of pardons, the papacy, and the seven sacraments. The original volume is in the Vatican, and contains this inscription in the king's handwriting : Anglorum rex Ilenrlcus, Leoni X. mittit hoc opus etfidei testem et amicitice; where- upon the pope (in the twelfth year of his reign) conferred upon Henry, by bull, the title " Fidei Defensor," and commanded all Christians so to address him. The original bull was preserved by sir Robert Cotton, and is signed by the pope, four bishop-cardinals, fifteen priest-cardinals, and eight deacon-cardinals. A complete copy of the bull, with its seals and sig- natures, may be seen in Selden's Titles of Honour, v. 53-57 (1672). Defensaetas, Devonshire. Defoe writes The History of the Pla(jv of London as if he had been a personal spectator, but he was only three years old at the time (16G3-1731). Deggial, antichrist. The Moham- medan writers say he has but one eye and one eyebrow, and on his forehead is written cafeii ("infidel"). Chilled with terror, we concluded that the Deggial, with his exterminating angels, had sent forth their plagues on the earth. W. Beckfoi-d, V'athek (1784), Degree. " Fine by degrees and beau- tifully less." Prior. Deheubarth, South Wales. Spen- ser, Faery Queen, iii. 2 (1590). Deird'ri, an ancient Irish story similar to the Dar-Tliula of Ossian. Conor, king of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the three sons of Usnacli. This leads to the desolating war against Ulster, which terminates in the total destruction of Eman. This is one of the three tragic stories of the Irish, which are: (I) The death of the children of Touran (regarding Tuatha de Danans) ; (2) the death of the children of Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife ; (3) the death of the children of Usnach (a "Milesian " story). Dei'ri (3 syL), separated from Ber- nicia by Soemil, the sixth in descent from Woden. Deiri and Bernicia together constituted Northumbria. Diera \Hc] beareth thro' the spacious Yorkish boinids. From Durham down along to the Lancastrian sounds . . . And did the greiiter part of Cumberland conUiin. Drayton, I'olyolbion, xvi. (1613). Dek'abrist, a Decembrist, from J}ekabtr^ the Russian for December. It , denotes those persons who suffered death or captivity for the part they took in tlie military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg in December, 1825, on the accession of czar Nicholas to the throne. Dela'da, the tooth of Buddha, pre- served in theMalegawa temple at Kandy. The natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, from a belief that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. AVhen the English (in 1815) ob- tained possession of tliis palladium, the natives submitted without resistance. Delaserre (Captoin Philip), a friend of Harry Bertram. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.), Delec'table Mcuntains,a raage of hills from the surimits of which tbi Celestial City coulci be seen. The&o mountains were beautiful with woods, vineyards, fruits of all sorts, flowers, springs and fountains, etc. Now there were on the tops of these mountains shep herds feeding their fl^^ks. The pilgrims, thtiefore, wem to them, and leiiiiint; on Ujeir staffs . . . they a-nked, " Whose delectable mountains are these, and whose l^e thd sheep that feed ut.on them t" Tlie shepK;rdi answen il, "These mountains are Emmanuers land . . and tlio sheep are His, and He laid down His life for them." - Bunyan, Pitjrim's Pro sun is so called in the Orphic hymn. Oft Bs thp Delian king with Sirius holds The centred heavens. .'Vkcnside, Hymn to the NaUida (1737). Delight of Mankind ( The), Tilua the Ro-i;iri ciipcror (a.d. 40, 79-81) T' .'^^ in Iced pHve one short f.veniiig glean, M .L r,iiriliiil lelt, as in the uiiilsr. it npiefid 01 ^U>n\> and Horror : "The Do U; i of Mei;." Tliomson, LiUrt), iii. (1736). Del] A Cnisca School, originally DELPHINE. 246 DEMOGORGON. applied in 1582 to a society in Florence, established to purify the national lan- guage and sift from it all its impurities ; but applied in England to a brotherhood of poets (at the close of the last century) under the leadership of Mrs. Piozzi. This school was conspicuous for affec- tation and high-flown panegyrics on each other. It was stamped out by Gifford, in The Baviad, in 1794, and The MoBviad, in 1796. Robert Merry, who signed himself Delia Crusca, James Cobb a farce-writer, James Boswell (biographer of Dr. John- son), O'Keefe, Morton, Reynolds, Hol- croft, Sheridan, Colman the younger, Mrs. H. Cowley, and Mrs. Robinson were its best exponents. Del'phine(2sy^.),theheroineandtitle of a novel by Mde. de StaCl. Delphine is a charming character, who has a faithless lover, and dies of a broken heart. This novel, like Corinne, was written during her banishment from France by Napo- leon I., when she travelled in Switzerland and Italy. It is generally thought that ** Delphine " was meant for the authoress herself (1802). Delphine Classics (The), a set of Latin classics edited in France for the use of the grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet was chief editor, assisted by Mon- tausier and Bossuet. They had thirty- nine scholars working under them. The indexes of these classics are very valu- able. Delta [A] of Blackwood is D. M. Moir (1798-1851). Del'ville (2 syl.), one of the guardians of Cecilia. He is a man of wealth and great ostentation, with a haughty hu- mility and condescending pride, especially in his intercourse with his social inferiors. Miss Burney, Cecilia (1782). Demands. In full of all demands, as his lordship says. His "lordship" is the marquis of Blandford ; and the allusion is to Mr. Benson, the jeweller, who sent in a claim to the marquis for interest to a bill which had run more than twelve months. His lordship sent a cheque for the bill itself, and wrote on it, *' In full of all demands." Mr. Benson accepted the bill, and sued for the interest, but was non-suited (1871). Deme'tia, South Wales ; the inhabit- ants are called Demetians. Doneroir, the leat of the Demetian king. Dnyton, Polyolbion, v. (1612). Deme'trius, a young Athenian, to whom Egeus (3 syl.) promised his daughter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia loved Lysander, she refused to marry Demetrius, and fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in quest of her, and was followed by Hel'ena, who doted on him. All four fell asleep, and "dreamed a dream" about the fairies. On waking, Demetrius became more reasonable. He saw that Hermia dis- liked him, but that Helena loved him sincerely, so he consented to forego the one and take to wife the other. When Egeus, the father of Hermia, found out how the case stood, he consented to the union of his daughter with Lysander. Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream (1592). Beme'triuSy in The Poetaster, by Ben Jonson, is meant for John Marston (died 1633). Dems'trius (4 syl.), son of king Antig'- onus, in love with Celia, alias Enan'the. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Humx)rous Lieutenant (1647). Deme'trius, a citizen of Greece during the reign of Alexius Comnenus. Sir W. Scott, Count Eobert of Paris (time, Ruius). Demiurgus, that mysterious agent which, according to Plato, made the world and all that it contains. The Logos or "Word" of St. John's Gospel (ch. i. 1) is the demiurgus of platonizing Christians. Democ'ritos (in Latin Democritus), the laughing or scoffing philosopher, the friar Bacon of his age. To " dine with Democritos " is to go without dinner, the same as "dining with duke Humphrey," or " dining with the cross-legged knights." People think that we [authors] often dine with Democ- ritos, but there they are niistiiken. There is not one of tlie fraternity who is not welcome to some good table. Lesa^e. Oil Blot, xii. 7 (1735). Democritus Junior, Robert Bur- ton, author of The Anatomy of Melancholy (1576-1640). Demod'ocos (in Latin Demodocus), bard of Alcin'ous (4 syl.) king of the Phaea'cians. Such as the wise Demodlcos once told In solemn songs at king Alcinous' feast. While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest Are held, with his melodious harmony, In willing chains and sweet captivity. Milton, Vacation Exereite (1627). Dem'ogor'gon, tyrant of the elvea DEMOPHOON. 246 DERBY. and fays, whose very name inspired terror; hence Milton speaks of "the dreaded name of Demogorgon" {Paradise Lost, ii. 9G6). Spenser says he "dwells in the deep abyss where the three fatal sisters dwell " {Faery Queen, iv. 2) ; but Ariosto says he inhabited a splendid })alace on the Himalaya Mountains. Demogorgon is mentioned by Statins in the 2/wbatd, iv. 516. He's the first-begotten of BeSlzebub, with a face as terrible as Demogorgon. Drjdeu, The Spanish tYyar, T. a (1680). Demopli'oon (4 syl.) was brought up by Demeter, who anointed him with ambrosia and plunged him every night into the fire. One day, his mother, out of curiosity, watched the proceeding, and was horror-struck ; whereupon Demeter told her that her foolish curiosity had robbed her son of immortal youth. *^* This story is also told of Isis. Plutarch, De Isid. et Osirid., xvi. 357. *^* A similar story is told of Achilles. His mother Thet'is was taking similar precautions to render him immortal, when his father Pe'leus (2 syl.) interfered. Apollonius RhodiuB, Argonaut ic Exp., iv. 8G6. Demos'thenes of the Pulpit. Dr. Thomas Eennell, dean of West- minster, was so called by William Pitt (1753-1840). Dendin {Peter), an old man, who had settled more disputes than all the magistrates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. His plan was to wait till the litigants were thoroughly sick of their contention, and longed to end their dis- putes ; then would he interpose, and his judgment could not fail to be acceptable. l^eTiot Dendin, son of the above, but, unlike his father, he always tried to crush quarrels in the bud ; consequently, he never succeeded in settling a single dispute submitted to his judgment. Rabelais, Pantagruel, iii. 41 (1545). (Racine has introduced the same name in his comedy called Les Plaideurs (1669), and Lafontaine in his Fables, 1668.) Dennet {Father), an old peasant at the Lists of St. George. Sir W. Scott, Jvanhoe (time, Richard I.). Dennis the hangman, one of the ringleaders of the "No Popery riots ; " the other two were Hugh servant of the Maypole mn, and the half-witted Bamaby Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough when ha " turned off " others, but when he himself ascended the gibbet he showed a most grovelling and craven spirii. C. Dickens, Bamaby Rvdye (1841). Dennis {John), "the best abused man in English literature." Swift lampooned him ; Pope assailed him in the Essay on Criticism; and finally he was "damned to everlasting fame " in the Dunciad, He is called "Zo'ilus" (1657-1733). Dennison {Jenny), attendant on Miss Edith Bellenden. She marries Cuddie Headrigg. Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.). Dent le Lait {Une), a prejudice. After M. Be'ralde has been running down Dr. Purgon as a humbug, Argan replies, "C'est que vous avez, mon frfere, une dent de lait contre lui." Moliere, Le Malade Innaginaire, iii. 3 (1673). D'Eon de Beaumont {Le cheva- lier), a person notorious for the ambiguity of his sex ; said to be the son of an advocate. His face was pretty, without beard, moustache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him as a woman to Russia on a secret mission, and he presented himself to the czarina as a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' War he was appointed captain of dragoons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a woman again, which he maintained till death (1728-1810). Derbend {The Iron Gates of), called the "Albftnicae Portse." or the "Caspian's Gate." Iron gates, which closed the defile of Derbend. There is still d^ris of a great wall, which once ran from the Black Sea to the Caspian. It is said that Alexander founded Derbend on the west | coast of the Caspian, and that Khosra] the Great fortified it. Haroun-al-Ras-J chid often resided there. Its ancienfei name was Albana, and hence the pro vince Schirvan was called Albania. *^* The gates called Albanioe PylaX were not the "Caspian's Gate," but] "Trajan's Gate" or " Kopula Derbend.*^ Derby {Earl of), third son of the ear^ of Lancaster, and near kinsman Edward III. His name was Hen Plantagenet, and he died 1362. Hen: Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne, and was noted for his humanity no less than for his braver^'. He defeated the comte de I'lsle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the castle of Auberoche, in Gascony, over- threw 10,000 French with only 1000, taking prisoners nine earls and nearly all k\ DERBY. 247 DESERTER. the barons, knights, and squires (1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur, Monsepat, Villefranche, Mire- mont, Tennins, Damassen, Aiguilon, and Keole. That most deserving earl of Derby, wp prefer Henry's third valiant son, tlie earl of Lancaster, That only Mars of men. Drayton, Polyolbion. xviiL (1613). Derby (Countess of), Charlotte de la Treraouille, countess of Derby and queen of Man. Philip earl of Derby, king of Man, son of the countess. Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Der'rick, hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman. Derrick (Tom), quarter-master of the pirate's vessel. Sir W. Scott, The Pirate (time, William III.). Derry-Down Triangle (The), lord Castlereagh ; afterwards marquis of Londonderry ; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on the title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments. Tom Moore compares the oratory of lord Castlereagh to "water spouting from a pump." Q. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereagh! A. Because it is a slender thing of wood, That up and down its awkward arm doth sway. And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away. In one weak, washy, everlasting flood. T. Moore. Dervise (" a poor man "), a sort of religious friar or mendicant among the Mohammedans. Desborough (Colonel), one of the parliamentary commissioners. Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, Commonwealth). Desdemo'na, daughter of Brabantio a Venetian senator, in love with Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her intensely, and marries her ; but lago, by artful villainy, induces him to believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict between love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and then stabs himself. Shakespeare, Othello (iGil). The soft simplicity of Desderaona, confident of merit nd conscious of innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to suspect that she can be sus- pected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill in human nature. Dr. Johnson. Desert Fairy (The). This fairy was guarded by two lions, which could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar candy, and crocodiles' eggB, The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, "I swear by my coif you shall marry the Yellow? Dwarf, or I will burn my crutch." Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales (" The Yellow Dwarf," 1682). Deserted Daughter (The), a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married lady Anne. In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought up by strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a money-lender, acting on the ad- vice of Mordent, lodges the girl with Mrs. Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784). *4f* This comedy has been recast, and called The Steward. Deserted Village (The). The poet has his eye chiefly on Lissoy, its landscapes and characters. Here his father was pastor. He calls the village Auburn, but tells us it was the seat of his youth, every spot of which was dear and familiar to him. He describes the pastor, the schoolmaster, the ale-house ; then tells us that luxury has killed all the simple pleasures of village life, but asks the friends of truth to judge how wide the limits "between a splendid and a happy land." Now the man of wealth and pride Takes up a space that many poor supplied : Space for his lake, his parks' extended bounds. Space for his horses, equipage, and hounds. O. Goldsmith (1770). Some think Springfield, Essex, is the place referred to. A traveller, whom Washington Irving accepts as an authority, identified Lissoy' ale-house, with the sign of the Tliree Pigeons swinging over the door-way, as "that house where nutbrown draughts inspired, and where once the signpost caught the passing eye." G. lledway, ^otet and Querivt, October 12, 1878. Dr. Goldsmith composed his Deserted Village whilst residing at a farm-house nearly opiKjsite the church here [i.e. Springfield]. Joseph Strutt, the engraver and antiquary, was born here in 1749, and died 180-,>. Lewis, Topographical Dictionary oji Juan (1665). Din (The), the practical part of Islam, containing the ritual and moral laws. Dinah [Friendly], daughter of sir Thomas Friendly. She loves Edward Blushington, "the bashful man," and becomes engaged to him. W. T. Mon- crieff, The Bashful Man. Dinah, daughter of Sandie Lawson, landlord of the Spa hotel. Sir W. Scott, St. Ronan's Well (time, George III.). Di'nah (Aunt) leaves Mr. Walter Shandy 1000. This sum of money, in Walter's eye, will suffice to carry out all the wild schemes and extravagant fancies that enter into his head. Sterne, Tris- tram Shandy (1759). Dinant', a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love Lam Ira, the wife of Champernel. Beaumont and Fletcher, The Little French Lawyer (1647). Dinarza'de (4 syl.), sister of Sche- herazade sultana of Persia. Dinarzade was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an hour before daybreak, and say, *' Sister, relate to me one of those delightful stories you know," or *' Finish before daybreak the story you began yesterday." The sultan got in- terested in these tales, and revoked the cruel determination he had made of Btrangling at daybreak the wife he had married the preceding night. (See Sche- herazade.) Dinas Emrys or "Fort of Am- brose" [i.e. Merlin), on the Brith, a part of Snowdon. When Vortigem built this fort, whatever was constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the niglit. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guietic) dis- covered the cause to be "two serpents at the bottom of a pool below thfe foun- dation of the works." These serpents were incessantly struggling with each -other ; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first prevailed, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool. The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the Saxons. At first the Saxons (or white serpent) prevailed, but in the end " our people " (the red serpent) "shall chase the Saxon race beyond the sea." Nennius, History of the Britons (842). And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous steep Where Dinas Ernris stood, stiowed where the seriienti fought The white that tore the red, for whence the prophet taught The Britons' sad decay. Drayton, Polyolbion, x. (1613). Dine -with Demoeritos (To), to be choused out of your dinner. A " Barmecide feast " is no feast at all. The allusion is to Barmecide, who invited Schacabac to dine with him, and set before him only empty plates and dishes, pretending that the "viands'' were most excellent. (See Barmecide.) Dine "with duke Humphrey | (To), to have no dinner to go to. The] duke referred to was the son of Henry] IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury, and] buried at St. Alban's. It was generally] thought that he was buried in the navej of St. Paul's Cathedral ; but the monu- ment supposed to be erected to the dukel WAS in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers, who were asked if they weroj not going home to dinner, and those who] tarried in St. Paul's after the general! crowd had left, were supposed to be so] busy looking for the duke's monument] that they disregarded the dinner hour. Dine with Mahomet (To), to die.' Similar to the classic phrase, "To supJ with Pluto." Dine (or Sup) with sir Thomas^ Gresham, to have no dinner or supper to go to. At one time the Royal Exchange was the common lounging-place of idlers , I and vagabonds. Tho' little coin thy purseless pockets line. Yet with ^eat company thou'rt talten up ; For often with duke Humphrey thou dost dine. And of^4n witii sir Thomas Gresham Kup. Uayman, Epigram on a Loafer (1628) Dine with the Cross-Legged Knights (To), to have no dinner to go to. Lawyers at one time made appoint- ments with their clients at the Round Church, and here a host of dinnerless vagabonds loitered about all day, in the hope of picking up a few pence for little services. Diner-Out of the First Water I k DINEVAWR 255 DIONYSIUS. the Rev. Sidney Smith ; so called by the Quarterly Review (1768-1846). Din'eva^^r (3 sxjL) or Dinas Vawr {'' great palace''^), the residence of the king of South Wales, built by Rhodri Mawr. I was the guest of Rhy's at Dinevawr, And there the tidings found me, that out sire Was gathered to his fathers. Southey, Modoc. 1. 3 (1805). Dingle {Old Dick of the), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the Heugh-foot farm. Sir W. Scott, The Black Dwarf (time, Anne). Dingwall {Davie), the attorney at Wolfs Hope village. Sir W. Scott, Bride of Lammermoor (time, William III.). Dinias and Dercyllis {The Wan- derings, Adventures, and Loves of), an old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'enes in twenty-four books and entitled Incredible Things beyond Thule {Ta Huper Thoulen Apista], a store-house from which subsequent writers have borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an outline of its contents. Dinmont {Dandy, i.e. Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store farmer at Charlie's Hope. He is called " The Fight- ing Dinmont of Liddesdale." Ailie Dinmont, wife of Dandy Dinmont. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.). *^* This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry. Dinner BelL Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so long as to interfere with the dinner of the mem- bers (1729-1797). Dinnerless {The) are said to sit at a "Barmecide feast;" to "dine with duke Humphrey;" "to dine with sir ' Thomas Gresham;" to "dine with De- mocritos." Their hosts are said to be the I cross-legged knights. \ Diocle'tian, the king and father of I; Erastus, who was placed under the charge S of the " seven wise masterB " {Italian \ version). In the French version, the father is called " Dolop'athos." Diog'enes (4 syl.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher Michael Age- Jastes (4 s.y/.). Sir W. Scott, Count Mobert of Paris (time, Rufus). Di'omede (3 syl.) fed his horses on human flesh, and he was himself eaten bv his horse, being thrown to it by Hef'- cules. Dion {Lord), father of Euphra'sia, Euphrasia is in love with Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'ua. Disguised as a page, Euphrasia assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service of Philaster. Beaumont and Fletcher, Phi- laster or Love Lies a-bleeding (1G38). (There is considerable resemblance between "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, 1614.) DionaB'an CeBsar, Julius Caesar, who claimed descent from Venus, called Dione from her mother. iEneas was son of Venus and Anchises. Ecce, Dioiuei processit Cesaris astnim. Vu-gil, Eclogues, ix. 47. Dio'ne (3 syl.), mother of Aphro- dite {Venus), Zeus or Jove being the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dione. Oh bear ... thy treasures to the green recess, Where young Dion6 strays ; with sweetest airs Entice her forth to lend her angel form For Beauty's honoured imaKe. Akenside, Pleaturet of Imagination, 1. (1744). Dionys'ia, wife of CI eon governor of Tarsus. Pericles prince of Tyre commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be motherless. When 14 years old, Dionysia, out of jealousy, employs a man to murder her foster-child, and the people of Tarsus, hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon are burnt to death in the flames. Shakespeare, Pericles Prince of Tyre (1608). Dionys'ius, tyrant of Syracuse, de- throned Evander, and imprisoned him in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death. But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own breast. Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a tomb, saw there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him, when Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he fell dead at her feet. A. Murphy, The Grecian Daughter (1772). ^* In this tragedy there are several gross historical errors. In act i. the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who was dethroned, and went in exile to Corinth ; but the elder Dionysius died in Syracuse, at the age of 63, and it was the youmjer Dionysius who was dethroned by Timoleon, and went to DIONYSIUS. 256 DISTAFFINA. Corinth. In act v. he makes Euphrasia kill the tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous living, etc. Dionys'ius [the Elder] was appointed sole general of the Sj'^racusian army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon " the Pythagore'an " opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab " the tyrant," but was arrested and condemned to death. The incidents whereby he was saved are to be found under the article Da'mon {q.v.). Damon and Pythias, a drama by R. PM wards (1571), and another by John Banim, in 1825. Dionys'ius [the Younger], being banished from Syracuse, went to Corinth and turned schoolmaster. Corinth's pedagogue hath now Transferred his byword [tyrant] to thy brow. Byron, Ode to Napoleon. Diony^ius the Areopagite was one of the judges of the Areopagite when St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, fabricated by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely ascribed to him. The Iso- do'rian Decretals is a somewhat similar forgery by Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years after Isidore. The error of those doctrines so vicious Of the old Areopagite Dionysius. Longfellow, The Golden Legend. Dionysius's Ear, a cave in a rock, 72 feet high, 27 feet broad, and 219 feet deep, the entrance of which " resembled the shape of an ear." It was used as a guard-room or prison, and the sentinel could hear the slightest whisper of the prisoners within. Dioscu'ri (sons of Zeus), Castor and Pollux. GendVally, but incorrectly, ac- cented on the second syllable. Dioti'ma, the priestess of Mantineia m Plato's Symposium, the teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end, and aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socrates died of hemlock. Beneath an emerald plane Sits Diotima, teaching him that died Of hemlock. Tennyson, TJte Princeu, ill. Diplomatists {Prince of), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Pe'rigord (1764- Dipsas, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered from intoler- able thirst. (Greek, dipsa, "thirst.") ]Milton refers to it in Paradise Lost, x. 526 (1665). Dipsodes (2 syl.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by king Anarchus, and subjugated by prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28). Pantagiaiel afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand million men from Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men), besidea women, children, workmen, professors, and peasant labourers (bk. iii. 1). Rabe- lais, Pantag'ruel (1645). Dip'sodv, the country of the Dip- sodes (2 syll), q.v, Dirc8B'an Swan, Pindar; so called from Dirce, a fountain in the neighbour- hood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442). Dirlos or D'Yrlos (Count), a paladin, the embodiment of valour, gene- rosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, where he con- quered Aliar'de, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found his young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charle- magne's peers). The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the occasion. Dirty Lane, now called Abingdon Street, Westminster. Dirty Linen. Napoleon I. said, " II faut laver sa linge en famille." Disastrous Peace (The), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambre'sis, by which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and Corsica (1569). Dis'mas, the penitent thief ; Gesmt the impenitent one. Imparibiis mentis pendent tria corpora ramis : Disnias et Gesmas, media est Civina Potestas; Alta petit Dismas, infeliK iniima Gesmas; Nos et res nostras conserve! Summa Potestas, Hos versus dicas, ne ta furto tua perdas. A Latin Charm. ' Disney Professor, a chair in tl University of Cambridge, founded John Disney, Esq., of The Hyde, Ingal stone, for Archaeology (1851). DistafB.'na, the troth-plight wife of general Bombastes ; but Artaxaminous king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown " if she would forsake the general for himself a temptation too great to be resisted. When the general found him- self jilted, he retired from the world, hun, DISTAFFS DAY. 257 DIVINA COMMEDIA. np his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to remove them. The king cut the boots down, and the genera] cut the king down. Fusbos, coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate. At the close of the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the dance, promising "to die again to-morrow," if the audience desires it. W. B. Rhodes, B them in hi* Folyolbion, xvi. (1613). *= Doctor {2'he), a romance by Sou- ther. The doctor's name is Dove, an<^ his horse " Nobbs." Doctor {The Admirable), Roger Bacon (1214-1292). The Angelic Doctor, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), " fifth doctor of the Church." T/ie Authentic Doctor^ Gregory Riirini (-1357). urch." W^,;:. t!''^^J> OF THE [fUNIVBESITrl DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. 259 DODONA. I'he Divine Doctor, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381). The Dulcifluous Doctor, Antonio An- dreas (*-1320). The Ecstatic Doctor, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381). T/ie Eloquent Doctor, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth century). The Evangelical Doctor, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384). The Illuminated Doctor, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or 3fost Enlightened Doctor. The Invincible Doctor, William Occam (1276-1347). The Irrefragable Doctor, Alexander Hales (*-1245); The MelliJiwMS Doctor, St. Bernard (1091-1153). The Most Christian Doctor, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429). The Most Methodical Doctor, John Bassol (*-1347). The Most Profound Doctor, ^gidius de Columna (*-1316). The Most Resolute Doctor, Durand de St. Pourvain (1267-1332). TA t^^ kniqht of the sun, a Spanish romance in The Mirror of Knighthood. He was "most excellently fair," and a "great wanderer ;" hence he is alluded to as "that wander- ing knight so fair." Doo'lin of Mayence (2 syL), the hero and title of an old French romance of chivalry. He was ancestor of Ogier the Dane. His sword was called Mar- veilleuse ("wonderful"). Doomsday Sedg-wick, William Sedgwick, a fanatical "prophet" during the Commonwealth. He pretended that the time of doomsday had been revealed to him in a vision ; and, going into the garden of sir Francis Russell, he denounced a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, and bade them prepare for the day of doom, which was at hand. Doorm, an earl who tried to make Enid his handmaid, and " smote her on the cheek " because she would not wel- come him. Whereupon her husband, count Geraint, started up and slew the " russet-bearded earl."' Tennyson, Idylls of the Kir^ (" Enid "). Door-Opener {The), Crates, the Thtban ; so called because he used to go round Athens early of a morning, and rebuke the people for their late rising. Dora [Spenlow], a pretty, warm- 12 hearted little doll of a woman, with no practical views of the duties of life or the value of money. She was the "child- wife " of David Copperfield, and loved to sit by him and hold his pens while he wrote. She died, and David then mar- ried Agnes Wickfield. Dora's great pet was a dog called " Jip," which died at the same time as its mistress. C. Dickens, David Copperfield (1849). Dora'do {El), a land of exhaustless wealth ; a golden illusion. Orella'na, lieutenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had discovered a " gold country " between the Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South America. Sir Walter Raleigh twice visited Guia'na as the spot indicated, and pub- lished highly coloured accounts of its enormous wealth. Dorali'ce (4 syL), a lady beloved by Rodoraont, but who married Mandri- cardo. Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1616). _ Dor'alis, the lady-love of Rodomont king of Sarza or Algiers. She eloped with Mandricardo king of Tartary. Bojardo, Orlando Innamorato (1495) ; and Anosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). Dorante (2 syl.), a name introduced into three of Molicre's comedies. In Les Fdchcux he is a courtier devoted to the chase ( 1661 ). In La Critique de I'ccole dea Femmes he is a chevalier (1662). In Le Bourycois Gentilhomme he is a count in love with the marchioness Dorimbne (1670). Doras'tus and Faunia, the hero and heroine of a popular romance by Robert Greene, published in 1588, under the title of Pandosto and the Triumph of Time. On this "historj-" Shakespeare founded his Winter's Tale. Why, sir William, it is a romance, a novel, a pleasanter history by half than the loves of Dorastus and Faunia. Is. Bickerstaflf, Love in a YUlage, iii. 1. Dorax, the assumed name of don Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted Sebastian king of Portugal, turned rene- gade, and joined the emperor of Barbary. The cause of his desertion was that Sebas- tian gave toHenri'quez the lady betrothed to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4 syl.). The quarrel between Sebastian and Dorax is a masterly copy of the quarrel and reconciliation between Brutus and Cassius in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Like " Dorax " in the play, I suhmitted, " tlio' with a swelUng heart." Sir W. Scott. This quotation is not exact. It occurs in the " quarrel." Sebastian says trf DORCAS. DORMER. Dorax, " Confess, proud spirit, that better he [Henriqucz] deserved my love than thou." To this Dorax replies : I must grant. Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul, Henriquez had your love with more desert ; For you he fought and died ; I fought against you. Drayton, Don SebaUian (1690). Dorcas, servant to squire Ingoldsby. -Sir W. Scott, Redgauntlet (time, George III.). Dorcas, an old domestic at Cumnor flace. Kenihcorth (time, Elizabeth). Dorcas Society, a society for sup- plying the poor with clothing ; so called from Dorcas, who " made clothes for the poor," mentioned in Acts ix. 39. Doria D'Istria, a pseudonym of the princess Koltzoff-Massalsky, a Wal- lachian authoress (1829- ). Doric Xiand, Greece, of which Doris was a part. Tliro* all the bounds Of Doric land. Milton, Paradite Loft, i. 519 (1665). Doric Reed, pastoral poetry, simple and unomamented poetry ; so called because everything Doric was remarkable for its chaste simplicity. DoricoTirt, the jianc^ of Letitia Hardy. A man of the world and the rage of the London season, he is, how- ever, both a gentleman and a man of honour. He had made the " grand tour," and considered English beauties insipid. Mrs. Cowley, The Belle's Stratagem (1780). Montague Talbot [1778-1831]. He reigns o'er comedy supreme . . . None show for light and airy sport. So exquisite a Doricourt Crofton Croker. Do'ridon, a lovely swain, nature's " chiefest work," more beautiful than Narcissus, Ganimede, or Adonis. Wm. Browne, Britannia's Pastorals (1613). Do'rigen, a lady of high family, who married Arvir'agus out of pity for his love and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice her away, but she said she would never listen to his suit till on the British coast " there n'is no stone y-seen." Au- relius by magic caused all the stones to disappear, and when Dorigen went and said that her husband insisted on her keeping her word, Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied, he "would sooner die than injure so true a wife and noble a geatleman. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (" The Franklin'a Tale," 1388). i (This is substantially the same as Boc- caccio's tale of Biatiora and Gilberto^ X. 6. See Dianora.) Dor'imant, a genteel, witty lioertine. The original of this character was the earl of Rochester. G. Etherege, The Man of Mode or Sir Fopling Flutter (1676). The Dorimants and the lady Touchwoods, in their own sphere, do not offend my moral sense ; in fact, they do not appeal to it alL C. Lamb. (The "lady Touchwood" in Congrevje's Double Dealer, not the "lady Francis Touchwood " in Mrs. Cowley's Belle's Stratagem, which is quite another cha- racter.) Dor'imene (3 syL), daughter of Al- cantor, beloved by Sganarelle (3 syl.) and Lycaste {2 syl.). She loved "le jeu, les visites, les assemble's, les cadeaux, et les promenades, en un mot toutes le chosea de plaisir," and wished to marry to get free from the trammels of her home. She says to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she promises to marry, "Nous n'aurons jamais aucun demele' ensemble ; et je ne vous contraindrai point dans vos actions, comme j'espbre que vous ne me contrain- drez point dans les mienne." Moliere, Le Mariage Force' (1664). (She had been introduced previously as the wife of Sganarelle, in the comedy of Le Cocu Inuxginaire, 1660.) Dorimene, the marchioness, in the Bour- geois Gentilhomme, by Molifere (1670). Dorin'da, the charming daughter of lady Bountiful ; in love with Aimwell. She was sprightly and light-hearted, but good and virtuous also. George Far- quhar. The Beaux^ Stratagem (1707). Dorine' (2 syl.), attendant of Mariane (daughter of Orgon). She ridicules the folly of the family, but serves it faith- fully. Moliere, Le Tartuffe (1664). D*Orm.e'o, prime minister of Victor Amade'us (4 syl.), and also of his son and successor Charles Emmanuel king of Sar- dinia. He took his colour from the king he serv^ed: hence under the tortuous, deceitful Victor, his policy was marked with crude rascality and duplicity ; but under the truthful, single-minded Charles Emmanuel, he became straightforward and honest. R. Browning, Ki7ig Victor and King Charles, etc. Dormer {Captain), benevolent, truth- ful, and courageous, candid and warm- hearted. He was engaged to Louisa Travers ; but the lady was told that he DORMER. 267 DORRILLON. was false and had married another, so she ^ave her hand to lord Davenarit. Marianne Dormer, sister of the cap- tain. She married lord Davenant, who called himself Mr. Brooke ; but he forsook her in three months, giving out that he was dead. Marianne, supposing herself to be a widow, married his lordship's son. Cumberland, T/ie Mysterious Husband (1783). Dormer {Caroline), the orphan daughter of a London merchant, who was once very wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, leaving his daughter 200 a year. This annuity, however, she loses through the knavery of her man of business. When reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry Morland (supposed to have perished at sea), makes his appearance and marries her, by which she becomes the lady Duberly. G. Colman, The Meir-at-Law (1797). Domton (Mr,), a great banker, who adores his son Harry. He tries to be stem with him when he sees him going the road to ruin, but is melted by a kind word. Joseph Munden [1753-1832] was the original repre- sentative of " Old Dornton" and a host of other characters. Memoir (1832). Harry Domton, son of the above. A noble-hearted fellow, spoilt by over- indulgence. He becomes a regular rake, loses money at Newmarket, and goes poBt-speed the road to ruin, led on by Jack Milford. So great is his extrava- gance, that his father becomes a bankrupt ; but Sulky (his partner in the bank) comes to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia Freelove, and both father and son are saved from ruin. Holcroft, Tlie Road to Ruin (1792). Dorober'nia, Canterbury. Dorothe'a, of Andalusi'a, daughter of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal of the duke Ricardo). She was married to don Fernando, the duke's younger son, who deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of an opulent gentleman), engaged to Car- denio, her equal in rank and fortune. When the wedding day arrived, Lucinda fell into a swoon, a letter informed the bridegroom that she was already married to Cardenio, and next day she took refuge in a convent. Dorothea also left her home, dressed in boy's clothes, and concealed herself in the Sierra Morena or Brown Mountain. Now, it so happened that Dorothea, Cardenio, and don Quixote's party happened to be staying at the Cres- cent inn, and don Fernando, who had abducted Lucinda from the convent, halted at the same place. Here he found his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her husband Cardenio. All these misfortunen thus came to an end, and the parties mated with their respective spouses. Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. iv. (1605). Dorothe'a, sister of Mons. Thomas. Beaumont and Fletcher, Mons. Thomas (1619). Dorothe'a, the "virgin martyr," at- tended by Angelo, an angel in the semblance of a page, first presented' to Dorotliea as a beggar-boy, to whom she gave alms. Philip Massinger, Tlie Virgin Martyr (1622). Dorothe'a, the heroine of Goethe's poem entitled Hermann and Dorothea (1797). Dor'otheus (3 syL), the man who spent all his life in endeavouring to eluci- date the meaning of one single word ia Homer. Dor'othy {Old), the housekeeper of Simon Glover and his daughter " the fair maid of Perth." Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Dor'othy, charwoman of Old Trapbois the miser and his daughter Martha. Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.). Dorrillon {Sir William), a rich Indian merchant and a widower. He had one daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and Miss Norberry. When this daughter (Maria) was grown to woman- hood, sir William returned to England, and wishing to learn the character of Maria, presented himself under the as- sumed name of Mr. Mandred. He found his daughter a fashionable young lady, fond of pleasure, dress, and play, but affectionate and good-hearted. He wai enabled to extricate her from some money difficulties, won her heart, revealed him- self as her father, and reclaimed her. Miss [^Maria] Dorrillon, daughter of sir William ; gay, fashionable, light- hearted, highly accomplished, and very beautiful. " Brought up without a mother's care or father's caution," she had some excuse for her waywardness and frivolity. Sir George Evelyn wa her admirer, whom for a time she teased to the very top of her bent ; then she married, loved, and reforpied. Mrs. Inchbald, Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are (1797). D'OSBORN. 268 DOUGLAS. !D*Osbom (Count), governor of the Giant's Mount Fortress. The countess Marie consented to marry him, because he promised to obtain the acquittal of Ernest de Fridberg (" the State prisoner") ; but he never liept his promise. It was by this man's treachery that Ernest was a prisoner, for he kept back tlie evidence of fencral Bavois, declaring him innocent. le next employed persons to strangle him, but his attempt was thwarted. His villainy being brought to light, he was ordered by the king to execution. E. Stirling, The State Prisoner (1847). Do'son, a promise-maker and pro- mise-breaker. Antig'onos (grandson of Demetrios the besieger) was so called. Dot. (See Peerybingle.) Dotlieboys Hall, a Yorkshire school, where boys were taken-in and done-for by Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, comceited, puffing, overbearing, and ignorant schoolmaster, who fleeced, beat, and starved the boys, but taught them nothing. C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). The original of Dotheboys Hall Is rtill In existence at iJowes, some five miles from Barnard Castle. The King's Heaf " The Good it James." (died 1384). James second earl of Douglas ovei threw Hotspur. Died at Otterbur 1388. This is the Douglas of the ol ballad of Chevy Chasg. DOUGLAS. DOULOUREUSE GARDE. Archibald the Gfrim, Archibald Douglas, natural son of " The Good sir James " (diod *). The Black Douglas, William lord of Nithsdale (murdered by t"he earl of Clif- ford, 1390). Tinoman (the loser), Archibald fourth earl, who lost the battles of Homildon, Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of which he was killed (1424). William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by James II., and then despatched with a battle-axe by sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling, February 13, 1452. Sir Walter Scott alludes to this in The Lady of the Lalie. James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 1488). With him the senior branch closes. II. The Red Douglases, a collateral branch. Bell-the-Cat, the great earl of Angus. He is introduced by Scott in Marmion. His two sons fell in the battle of Flod- den Field. He died in a monastery, 1514. Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, and grandson of '* Bell-the-Cat." James Bothwell, one of the family, forms the most interesting part of Scott's Lady of the Lake, lie was the grandfather of Darnley, husband of Mary queen of Scots. He died 1560. James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger brother of the seventh earl of Angus. He took part in the murder of Kizzio, and was executed by the instru- ment called "the maiden" (1530-1581). The " Black Douglas," introduced by sir W. Scott in Castle Dangerous, is "The Gud schyr James." This wasalso the Douglas which was such a terror to the English that the women used to frighten their unruly children by saying they would "make the Black Douglas take them." He first appears in Castle Dan- gerom as " Knight of the Tomb." The following nursery rhyme refers to him : Hush ye, hush ye, little pet ye ; Hujili >e, luish ye, do not trot ye : The Bl.ick Dougl-is shiJI not get thee. Sir W. Scott. Tales of a Oiandfather. I 6. Douglas, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). Young Normal, having saved the life of lord Randolph, is given a commission in the army. Lady Randolph hears of the exploit, and discovers that the youth is her own son by her first husband, lord Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new favourite, persuades lord Randolph that his wife is too intimate with the young upstart, and the two surprise them in familiar intercourse in a wood. The youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon ; but is in turn slain by lord Randolph, who then learns that the young man was lady Randolph's sou. l^dy Randolph, in distraction, rushes up a precipice and throws herself down headlong, and lord Randolph goes to the war then raging between Scotland and Denmark. Douglas (Archibald earl of), father-in- law of prince Robert, eldest son of Robert III. of Scotland. Margery of Douglas, the earl's daughter, and wife of prince Robert duke of Roth- " say. The duke was betrothed to Eliza- beth daughter of the earl of March, but the engagement was broken off by in- trigue. Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Ferth (time, Henry IV.). Douglas {George), nephew of the re- gent Murray of Scotland, and grandson of the lady of Lochleven. George Doug- las was devoted to Mary queen of Scots. Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Eliza- beth). Douglas and the Bloody Heart. The heart of Bruce was entrusted to Douglas to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in Spain, he stopped to aid the Cas- tilians against the Moors, and in the heat of battle cast the "heart," enshrined in a golden coffer, into the very thickest of the foe, saying, "The heart or death!" On he dashed, fearless of danger, to regain the coffer, but perished in the attempt. The family thenceforth adopted the "bloody heart" as their armorial device. Douglas Iiarder {The). When the " Good sir James" Douglas, in 130(5, took his castle by a coup de main from the English, he caused all the barrels con- taining flour, meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in pieces and their .contents to be thrown on the floor ; he then staved in all the hogsheads of wine and ale upon this mass. To this he flung the dead bodies slain and some dead horses. The English called this disgusting mess " The Douglas Larder." He then set fire to the castle and took refuge in the hills, for he said " he loved far better to hear the lark sing than the mouse cheep." *^* Wallace's Larder is a similar phrase. It is the dungeon of Ardrossan, in Ayrshire, where Wallace had the dead bodies of the garrison thrown, surprised by him in the reign of Edward I. DoTiloureuse Garde {La), a castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Bit DOUSTERSWIVEL. 270 DRAGOX. Launcelot du Lac, in one of the most terrific adventures related in romance. In memory of this event, the name of the castle was changed into La Joyeuse Garde or La Garde Joyeuse. Dousterswivel {Herman), a German schemer, who obtains money under the promise of finding hidden wealth by a divining rod. Sir W. Scott, Tlie Anti- quary (time, George III.). The incident of looliing for treasure in the church is copied from one wliicli Lilly mentions, who went with David Ramsay to search for hid treasure in Westminster Abbey. See Old and Jfeto London, I. 128. Dove (L>r.)f the hero of Southey's novel called The Doctor (1834). Dove (Sir Benjamin), of Cropley Castle, Cornwall. A little, peaking, pul- ing creature, desperately hen-pecked by a second wife; but madam overshot the mark, and the knight was roused to assert and maintain the mastery. That very clever actor Clierry [1769-1812], appeared in " sir Benjamin Dove," and showed himself a master of his profession. Boaden. Lady Dove, twice married, first to Mr. Searcher, king's messenger, and next to sir Benjamin Dove. She had a tendresse for Mr. Paterson. Lady Dove was a terrible termagant, and when scolding failed, used to lament for " poor dear dead Searcher, who , etc., etc." She pulled her bow somewhat too tight, and sir Benjamin asserted his independence. Sophia Dove, daughter of sir Benjamin. She loved Robert Belfield, but was engaged to marry the elder brother An- drew. When, however, the wedding day arrived, Andrew was found to be a mar- ried man, and the younger brother became the bridegroom. R. Cumberland, The Brothers (1769). DoTvlas (Daniel), a chandler of Gosport, who trades in "coals, cloth, herrings, linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, and brickdust." This vulgar and illiterate petty shopkeeper is raised to the peerage under the title of "The Right Hon. Daniel Dowlas, baron Du- berly." But scarcely has he entered on his honours, when the "heir-at-law," supposed to have been lost at sea, makes his appearance in the person of Henry Morland. The "heir" settles on Daniel Dowlas an annuity. Deborah Dowlas, wife of Daniel, and for a short time lady Duberly. She assumes quite the airs and ton of gen- tility, and tells her husband "as he is a pear, he ought to behave as sich." Dick Dowlas, the son, apprenticed to an attorney at Castleton. A wild young scamp, who can "shoot wild ducks, fling a bar, play at cricket, make punch, catch gudgeons, and dance." His mother says, " he is the sweetest-tempered youth when he has everything his own way." Dick Dowlas falls in love with Cicely Home- spun, and marries her. G. Colman, Heir- at-law (1797). Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I answered, " It should be black Iwmbazeen ..." I proved to her that not only " Deborah Dowlas," but all the rest of the dramatit pertoncB ought to be in mourning. . . . The three " Dow- lases" as relatives of the decea-sed lord Duberly ; " Henry Morland " as the heir-at-law ; " Dr. Pangloss " as a clerjo'- man, " Caroline Dormer" for the loss of her father, and "Kenrick" as a servant of the Dormer family. James Smith. Dowlas (Old Dame), housekeeper to the duke of Buckingham. Sir W. Scott, Feveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Dowling (Captain), a great drunkard, who dies in his cups. Crabbe, Borouqh, xvi. (1810). Do"WTier (Billy), an occasional porter and shoeblack, a diflfuser of knowledge, a philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an " unfinished gentleman." C. Selby, The Unfinished Gentleman, Downing Professor, in the Uni- versity of Cambridge. So called from sir George Downing, bart., who founded the law professorship in 1800. Dowsabel, daughter of Cassemen (3 syl.) a knight of Arden ; a ballad by M. Drayton (1593). Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell,* Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel, A later third of DowsabeL M. Drayton. Ifymphidia. Drac, a sort of fairy in human form, whose abode is the caverns of rivers. Sometimes these dracs will float like golden cups along a stream to entice bathers, but when the bather attempts to catch at them, the drac draws him under water. South of France Mythology. Dra'chenfels C^^ dragon rocks''), so called from the dragon killed there by Siegfried, the hero of the Niebelungen Lied. Dragon (A), the device on the royal banner of the old British kings. The leader was called the pendragon. Geoffrey of Monmouth says: "When Aure'lius was king, there appeared a star at Winchester of wonderful magnitude and brightness, darting forth a ray, at the end of which was a flame in form of a dragon." Uther ordered two golden DRAGON. 271 DRAPIER'S LETTERS. dragons to be made, one of which he presented to Winchester, and the other he carried with him as a royal standard. Tennj'son says that Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden dragon. . . . they saw The dragon of the great peiidragonship. That crowned the state pavilion of the king. Tennyson, Guinevere. Dragon (The), one of the masques at Kennaquhair Abbey. Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). Dragon (The Bed), the personification of "the devil," as the enemy of man. Phineas Fletcher, The Purple Island, ix. (1633). Dragon of Wantley (i.e. Wam- cliff, in Yorkshire), a skit on the old metrical romances, especially on the old rhyming legend of sir Bevis. The ballad describes the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the inhabitants, the knight choosing his armour, the damsel, the fight, and the victory. The hero is called "More, of More Hall" (q.v.). Percy, Heliqiies, III. iii. 13. (H. Carey has a burlesque called Tlie Dragon of Wantley, and calls the hero "Moore, of Moore Hall," 1697-1743.) Dragon's Hill (Berkshire). The legend says it is here that St. George killed the dragon ; but the place as- signed for this achievement in the ballad given in Percy's Beliques is " SylOne, in Libya." Another legend gives , Berytus (Beyrut) as the place of this encounter. (In regard to Dragon Hill, according to Saxon annals, it was here that Cedric (founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud the pendragon, with 5000 men.) Dragon's Teeth.. The tale of Jason and iEetes is a repetition of that of Cadmus. In the tale of Cadmus, we are told the fountain of Arei'a (3 syl.) was guardd by a fierce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, and sowed its teeth in the earth. From these teeth sprang up armed men called " Sparti," among whom he flung stones, and the aru.ed men fell foul of each other, till all were slain excepting five. In the tale of Jason, we are told that having slain the dragon which kept watch over the golden fleece, he sowed its teetli in the ground, and armed men sprang up. Jason cast a stone into the midst of them, whereupon the men at- tacked each other, and were all slain. Dragons. Ahriman, the dragon slain by Mithra. Persian Mythology. Dahak, the three-headed dragon slain by Thraetana-Ya^na. Persian. Fafnir, the dragon slain by Sigurd. Gkeni>el, the dragon slain by Beo- wulf, the Anglo-Saxon hero. La Gaugouille, the dragon which ravaged the Seine, slain by St. Romain of Rouen. Pythox, the dragon slain by Apollo. Greek Mythology. Takasque (2 syl.), the dragon slain at Aix-la-Chapelle by St. Martha. ZoHAK, the dragon slain by Feridun (Shahndineh) . *jf* Numerous dragons have no special name. Many are denoted Red, White, Black, Great, etc. Drama. The earliest European drama since the fall of the Western ompire appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is called La Celes- tina, and is divided into twentj-^-one acts. The first act, which runs through fifty pages, was composed by Rodrigo Cota ; the other twenty are ascribed to Fernando de Rojas. The whole was published in 1510. The earliest English drama is entitled Ralph Roister Doister, a comedy by Nicholas Udal (before 1651, because men- tioned by T. Wilson, in his Rule of Reason^ which appeared in 1551). The second English drama was Gammer Gurton'a Needle, by Mr. S. Master of Arts. Warton, in his History of English Poetry (iv. 32), gives 1551 as the date of this comedy ; and Wright, in his Historia Histrionica, says it appeared in the reign of Edward VI., who died 1653. It is generally ascribed to bishop Still, but he was only eight years old in 1551. Drama (Father of the French), Etienne Jodelle (1532-1673). Father of the Greek Drama, Thespis (B.C. sixth century). Father of the Spanish Drama, Lope de Vega (1562-1635). Drap, one of queen Mab's maids of honour. Drayton, Nymphidia. Dra'pier's Letters, a series of letters written by dean Swift, and signed "M. D. Drapier," ad vising the Irish not to take the copper money coined by William Wood, to whom George I. had given a patent. These letters (1724) stamped out this infamous job, and caused the patent DRAWCANSIR. 272 DROP SERENE. to be cancelled. The patent was obtained by the duchess of Kendal (mistress of the king), who was to share the profits. Ca we the Drapier then forget ? Is not our nation in hU debt? Twas he that writ the " Di-apiei-'a Letters." Dean Swift, Veres on hU oivn death. Drawcan'sir, a bragging, blustering bully, who took part in a battle, and killed every one on both sides, ' ' sparing neithfr friend nor foe." George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, The Rehearsal (1G71). Joan, who was a little superficial. And not in literature a great Drawransir. BjTon, Don Juan, xi. 51 (1824). At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward Ktnie yards like a Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he presented himself to fight with Meneiaus. Lesage, Oil Blat, vii. 1 (1735). Dream Authorship. Tt is said that Coleridge wrote his Kvbla Khan from his recollection of a dream. *^* Condillac (says Cabanis) con- cluded in his dreams the reasonings left incomplete at bed-time. Dreams. Amongst the ancient Gaels the leader of the army was often deter- mined by dreams or visions in the night. The different candidates retired "each to his hill of ghosts, to pass the night, and he to whom a vision appeared was ap- pointed the leader." Selma's king [FingaJ] looked around. In his presence we rose in arms. But who sliould lift the shield for all had claimed the wart The night came down. We strode in silence, each to his hill of ghosts, that spirits might descend in our dreams to mark us for the field. We struck the shield of the dead. We raised the hum of ongs. We called thrice the ghosts of our fathers. We laid us down for dreams. Ossian, CatfUin of Clutha. Dreams. The Indians believe aU dreams to be revelations, sometimes made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the "inner or divine soul." An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it really cut off the next day. Charlevoix, Journal of a Voyage to North America. Dream'er {The Immortal), John Bunyan, Avhose Pilgrim's Progress is said by him to be a dream (1628-1688). *^* The pretence of a dream was one of the most common devices of mediaeval romance, as, for example, the Romance of the Rose and Piers Plowman, both in the fourteenth century. Dreary (Wat), alias Brown Will, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. He is described by Peachum as " an irregular dog, with an underhand way of disposing of his goods" (act i. 1). Gay, The Hcggar's Opera (1727). Drink used by actors, orators, etc. : BuAHAM, bottled porter. Catlky (Miss), linseed tea and madeira, Cooke (G. F.), everj'thing drinkable. Emery, brandy-and-water (cold). Gladstone ( W. E.), an egg beaten up in sherrj'. Henderson, gum arabic and sherry. Incledon, madeira. Jordan {Mrs.), calves'-foot jelly dis- solved in warm sherry. Kean {Edmund), beef-tea for break- fast, cold brandy. Lewis, mulled wine (with oysters). OxBERRY, tea. Smith ( William), coffee. Wood {Mrs.), draught porter. #* J. Kemble took opium. Drink. " / drink the air," says Ariel, meaning " I will fly with great speed." In Henry IV. we have " devour the way," meaning the same thing. DriVer, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advo- cate, Edinburgh. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.). Driver of Europe. The due de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe, and ruled by them all the political cabals. Dro'gio, probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he discoverer' It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland {Labrador), but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern geo- graphers, and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great measure, hypo- thetical. Dro'mio ( Tfie Brothers), two brothers, twins, so much alike that even their nearest friends and masters knew not on( from the other. They were the servant of two masters, also twins and the exac fac-similes of each other. The master were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antil pholus of Svracuse. Shakespeare, Comedi of Errors (ibdS). (The Comedy of Errors is borrowc from the Mencechmi of Plautus.) Dronsdaughter {Tronda), the ol^ serving-woman of the Yellowleys.- W. Scott, Tlu: Pirate (time, Williai III.). Drop Serene {Gutta Serena). I| was once thought that this sort of blindj ness was an incurable extinctior. of visic DROPPING WELL. 273 DRUNKEN PARLIAMENT. by a transparent watery humour distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blind- ness, but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort of blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels, and in some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own blindness, expresses a doubt whether it arose from the Gutta Serena or the suffusion of a cataract. So thick a " drop serene" hath quenched their orbs. Or dim "suffusion" veileil. Milton. ParadUe Lost, iU. 25 (1665). Dropping "Well, near the Nyde, Yorkshire. . . . men "Dropping Well" it call, Because out of a rock it still in drops dotli fall : Ne;u- to the foot whereof it makes a little pon [depotitory]. Which iu as little spiice convertetli wood to stone. Drayton. Polyulblun, xxviu. (1622). Drudgeit {Peter), clerk to lord Bladderskate. Sir W. Scott, Eedgauntlet (time, George III.). Drugger (Abel), a seller of tobacco ; artless and gullible in the extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the alchemist," to know on which Bide to set the shop door, how to dispose the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his customers, and when it would be unlucky for him so to do. Ben Jonson, The Alchemist (1610). Thomas Weston was " Abel Drugger " himself [1727- 1776], but Diivid Garriik was fond of the part also [1716- 1779]. C. Dibdin, UiUory uf the Stage. (This comedy was cut down into a two-act farce, called The Tobacconist, by Francis Gentleman.) Drugget, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his daughters to sir Charles Racket. Drugget is " very fond of his garden," but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden, with leaden images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and other similar abominations. He is very head- strtjng, very passionate, and very fond of flattery. Mrs. Drugget, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles, and, like a wise woman, never ruKs the hair the wrong way. A. Murphy, Three Weeks after Marriage. Druid (The), the nom de plume of Henry Dixon, sportsman and sporting writer. One of his books, called Steeple- chasing, appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine. His last work was called The Saddle and Surloin. *^* Collins calls James Thomson (author of Tlie Seasons) a druid, mean- ing a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest." In yonder grave a Druid lies. CoUing (1746). Druid (Dr.), a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling tutor of lord Abber\'ille, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without any knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at all. "Monejr and trade. I scorn 'em both; ... I have traced tlie Oxus and the Po, traversed the Riphaeaa Mountains, and pierced into the inmost tesarts of Kilmuc Tartary. ... I have followed the ravages of Kouli Chan with rapturous deliglit. There is a land of wonders; finely depopulated ; gloriously laid waste ; fields without a hoof to tread 'em ; fruits without a hand tt> gatlier 'em ; with such a catalogue of pats, peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and putterflias! Oh, 'tis a recreiiting contreniplation indeed to a philosophic mind t "Cumber- land. The /'athionable Looer (17S0). Druid Money, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says : "Druidae pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri." Like money by the Druids borrowed. In th" other world to be restored. BuUer. lludibras, ill 1 (1678). *if* Purchas tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a hundredfold." Pilgrims, iii. 2. Drum (Jack) . Jack Drum's entertain- ment is giving a guest the cold shoulder. Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (All's Well, etc., act iii. sc. 6), and Holinshed speaks of "Tom Drum his entertaynement, which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him out by both the shoulders." In faith, good gentlemen, I think we shall be forced to give you right John Drum's entertainment Introduction to Jack Drum's Untertainment (1601). Drummle (Bentley) and Startop, two young men who read with Mr. Pocket. Drummle was a surly, ill- conditioned fellow, who married Estclla. C. Dickens, Great Expectations (1860). Drunk. The seven phases of drunken- ness are: (1) Ape-drunk, when men make fools of themselves in their cups ; (2) Lion-drunk, when men want to light with every one ; (3) Swine-drunk, when men puke, etc. ; (4) Sleep-drunk, when men get heavy and sleepy in their cups ; (5) Martin-drunk, when men become boastful in their cups ; (6) Goat-drunk, when men become amorous ; (7) Fox- drunk, when men become crafty in their cups. Drunken Farliament, a Scotch DRUON. 274 DUBRIC. parliament assembled at Edinburgh, Januar}' 1, 1661. It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance ; and no wonder it was so, when tiie men of affairs were almost perpttually drunk. Burnet, UU Own Time (1723-34). Druon "the Stem," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart and sir Scudamore (3 syL). The warlike dame [Britomart] was on her part assaid By Claribel and Blandamour at one ; Wliile Paridel and Druon fiercely laid On Scudamore, both his professed fone [/om]. Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 9 (1596). Dru'ry Iiane (London), takes its name from the Drurj'- family. Drury House stood on the site of the present Olympic Theatre. Druses {Return of the). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria, being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'ades, and place themselves under the protection of the knights of Rhodes. Ihese knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maii'ni, and entertains the idea of revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth, and soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to murder the prefect Cf the isle, and to betray the island to Venice, if Venice will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 syl.)^ a young woman, stabs the prefect, and dies of bitter disappointment when she discovers that Djabal is a mere impostor, pjabal stabs himself when his imposition is made public, but Loys (2 syl.)^ a Breton count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Browning, The Return of the Druses. *** Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000 or 200,000, settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saide, but their original seat was Egypt. They guitted Egypt from persecution, led by DSra'zi or Durzi, from whom the name Druse (1 syl.) is derived. The founder of the sect was the hakem B'amr-ellah (eleventh century), believed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who com- municated between God and man. From this founder the head of the sect was called the hakem, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth or fourteenth century the Druses were banished from Syria, and lived in exile in some of the Spo rides, but were led back to Syria early in the fifteenth century by count Loys de Deux, a new convert. Since 1588 they have been tributaries of the sultan. What say you does this wizard style himself Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatiniite ? What is this jargon ? He the insane prophet, Dead near three hundred years ? Rot>ert Browning, The Return of the Drutat. Dryas or Dryad, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of her tree. (Greek, d^vdr, bpvdho^.) "The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, "is busy alx)ut many things," or like "a Dryas living in a tree." Sir John Davies, Immortality of the Soul, xiL Drv-as-Dust (The Rev. Doctor), an hypothetical person whom sir W. Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of prefatory letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding historian, with great show of learning, but very little attractive grace. Dryden of Germany (The), Martin Opitz, sometimes called " The Father of German Poetry" (1597-1639). Dryeesdale (Jasper), the old steward at Lochleven Castle. Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). Dry 'ope (3 syl.), daughter of king Dryops, beloved by Apollo. Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryope into her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovi " savs that Dn'ope was changed into lotus (Met., x*. 331). Duar'te (3 syL), the vainglorioi son of Guiomar. Beaumont and Fletch The Custom of the Country (1647). Dubosc, the great thief, who ro the night-mail from Lyons, and murd the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph Lesurques (act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken. Ed. Stirif I'he Courier of Lyons (1852). Dubourg (Mons.), a merchant Bordeaux, and agent there of Osbal tone of London. Clement Dubourg, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of Osbaldis- tone, merchant. Sir W. Scott, Rob Roy (time, George I.). Dubric (St.) or St. Dubricius, arch- bishop of the City of Legions (Caerleon- upon- Usk ; Newport is the only part left). He set the crown on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geolfrey says (British History, ix. 12) : "This pre- late, who was primate of Britain, was so eminent for his piety, that be could cure any sick person by his prayers, Dubric abdicated and lived a hei ong I that j I an* T inniH| DUCHESS STREET. 276 DUENNA. leaving David his successor. Tennyson introduces him in his Coming of Arthur, Enid, etc. fit Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth carry. DrAytoa, J^alyolbion, xxiv. (1622). To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint. Chief of the Church iii Britain, aud before The stateliest of lier altar-hriues, tlie liiug That inoru Mras married. Tennysou, The Coming of Arthur, Duch,ess Street (Portman Square). So called from Margaret duchess of Port- land. (See Duke Street.) Ducho'inarwas in love with Moma, daughter of Cormac king of Ireland. Out of jealousy, he slew Cathba, his more successful rival, went to announce his death to Moma, and then asked her to marry him. She replied she had no love for him, and asked him for his sword. *' He gave the sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the he^rt. Duchomar begged the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die ; and when she approached him for the pur- pose, " he seized the sword from her, and slew her." " Duch6mar, mo(t gloomy of men ; dark are thy brows nd terrible ; red are thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy iieart of rock, and dark is thy terrible brow." Ossian, Fingal, 1. Duchran {The laird of), a friend of baron Bradwardine. Sir W. Scott, Wa- verley (time, George II.). Ducking-Pond Bow (London), now called "Grafton Street." Duck Ijane (London), a row near ( Smithfield, once famous for second-hand I books. It has given way to city improve- > ments. Scotlsts and Thomists now in peace remain, Amidst their kindred cobwebs in Duck Lane. Pope, Eaay on OriticUm (1711). !Du Croisy and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The Billy girls fancy the manners of these I gentlemen too unaifected and easy to be aristocratic ; so the gentlemen send to j them their valets, as "the viscount de Jo- 1 delet." and "the marquis of Mascarille." [ The girls are delighted with their titled ! visitors ; but when the game has gone far enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the girls are taught a useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal consequences. ' Moliere, Les Precieuses Ridicules (1659). I Dudley, a young artist ; a disguise I assume^ by Harry Bertram. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, Georga II.). Dudley {Captain), a poor English officer, of strict honoui, good family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family. Charles Dudley, son of captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous, generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with hi* cousin Charlotte Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he be- comes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin. Louisa Dudley, daughter of captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh, and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom ultimately she is married. Cumberland, The West Indian (1771). Dudley Diamond {The). In 18G8 a black shepherd named Swartzboy brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it 400, with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for 12,000 ; and the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Ros- kell 30,000 for it. It weighed in the rough 88^ carats, but cut into a heart shape it weighs 44^ carats. It is tri- angular in shape, and of great brilliancy. % This magnificent diamond, that called the " Stewart " {q.v.), and the " Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since 1868. Dudu, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Juan, by the sultana's order, had been admitted in female attire. Next day, the sultana, out of jealousy, ordered that both Dudix and Juan should be stitched in a sack and cast into the sea ; but, by the connivance of Baba the chief eunuch, they effected their escape. Byron, Don Juan, vi. 42, etc. A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudti . . . But siie was pensive more than melancholy . . . The strangest thing was, beauteous, she Wiis holy. Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen. Canto vi. 42-44 (1824). Duenna {TJie), a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome. Louisa is in love with don Antonio, a poor noble- man of Seville ; but her father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Men- doza, a rich Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's arrange- ment, he lockg her up in her chamber DUESSA. 276 DUKE OF MILAN. and turns the duenna out of doors, but jn his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter out, and locks up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the lady, elopes with her, and is duly married. Louisa flees to the convent of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for his consent to her marriage to the man of her choice ; and don Jerome, supposing she means the Jew, gives it freely, and she marries Antonio. When they meet at breakfast at the old man's house, he finds that Isaac has married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, and his son has married Clara ; but the old man is reconciled, and says, " I am an obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all find me steady in the right." iDuessa {false faith), is the personi- fication of the papacy. She meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy {infidelity), and when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being overtaken, she says her name isi Fidessa {true faith), deceives the knight, and conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he encounters Sansjoy (canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds -of the Red Cross Knight, but places, Sansjoy under the care of Escula'})ius in the infernal regions (canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace of Lucifera, and Duessa induces him to drink of the " Enervating Fountain ; " Orgoglio theq attacks him, and would have slain him if Duessa had not promised to be his bride. Having cast the Red Cross Knight into a dun- geon, Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorgeous array, puts on her head "a triple crown " {the tiara of the pope), and sets her on a monster beast with " seven heads" {the seven'hills of'Jiome). Una {truth) sends Arthur {Erujland) to rescue the captive knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, re- leases the knight, and "strips Puessa of her finery {the Rrifoi^mation) ; whcl-eupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her shame (canto 7). Spenser, Fae,r]i Queen, i. (1590). Duessa, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned by Zeal before queen Mercilla {Elizabeth), and charged with high treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels false conspired" with Blandamour {earl of Northumberland), and Paridel {earl of \Vestm.07'eland, leaders of the insurrection of 1669), as that wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now "an untitled queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the Kingdom's Care {lord Burghley) spoke, and opinions were divided. Au- thority, Law of Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but Pity, Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal then charges the pri- soner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd impiety ; whereupon the sen- tence of the court was given against her. Queen Mercilla, being called on to pass sentence, was so overwhelmed with grief that she rose and left the court. Spenser, Faery Queen, v. 9 (1596). Duff {Jamie), the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's funeral. Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.). Duglas, the scene of four Arthurian battles. The Duglas is said to fall into the estuary of the Ribble. The Paris MS. and Henry of Huntingdon says, " Duglas qui est in regione Inniis." But where is *^ Inniis" ? There is a township called "Ince," a mile south-west of Wigan, and Mr. Whitaker says, "six cwt. of horse-shoes were taken up from a space of ground near that spot during the formation of a canal ; " so that this " Ince" is supposed to be the place re- ferred to. Duke {My lord), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title of his master, and is addressed as " Your grace," or " My lord duke." He was first a country cowboy, then a wig- maker's apprentice, and then a duke's ser- vant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman. Rev. J. Town- ley, High Life Below Stairs (1763). Duke {The Iron), the duke of Welling^ ton, also called "The Great Duke^ (1769-1852). 1 Duke and Duchess, in pt. II. of Don Quixote, who play so many sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were don Carlos de Borja count of Ficallo and donna Maria of Aragon duchess of Villaher'mora his wife, in whose right the count held ex- tensive estates on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called Buena'via, the place referred to by Cer- vantes (1615). Duke of Mil'an, a tragedy y Massinger (1622). A play evidently imitation of Shakespeait'w Othell DUKE COMBE. 277 DUMARIN. "Sforza" is Othello; "Francesco," lajjo ; '* Marcelia," Desdemona ; and *' Eugenia," Emilia. Sforza "the More " [sic] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply returned his love. Francesco, Sforza's favourite, being left lord protector of Milan during a tem- porary absence of the duke, tried to corrupt Marcelia ; but failing in this, accused her to Sforza of wantonness. The duke, believing his favourite, slew his beautiful young bride. The cause of Francesco's villainy was that the duke had seduced his sister Eugenia. ^* Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven years before Massin- ger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have, "Men's injuries we write in brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, " jNIen's evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water." (Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780.) Duke Combe, William Combe, author of Dr. Sf/ntax, and translator of The Devil upon two Sticks, from Le Diable Boitcux of Lesage. He was called duke from the splendour of his dress, the pro- fusion of his table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years of his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823). Duke Street (Portman Square, London). So called from William Bentick, second duke of Portland. (See Duchkss Street.) Duke Street (Strand, London). So named from George Villiers, duke of Buckingham. (For other dukes, see the surname or titiilar name.) Duke*8, a fashionable theatre in the reign of Charles IL It was in Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. So named in compliment to James duke of York (James II.), its great patron. Dulcama'ra {Dr.), an itinerant physician, noted for his pomposity ; very boastful, and a thorough charlatan. Donizetti, VElisire d'Amore (1832). Dulcamon. (See Diiu'i. K arnein.) Dulcifluous Doctor, Antony An- dreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns Scotus school (*-1320). Dulcin'ea del Tobo'so, the lady of don Quixote's devotion. She was a frcah-coloured country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don was once in love. Her real name was Al- donza Lorenzo. Her father was Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogales. Sancho Panza describes her in pt. I. ii. 11. Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. i. 1 (1605). " Her flowing hair," says the knight " is of gold, hr fore- head Uie Elysiaii fields, her eyebrows two celestul urclies, her eyes a pair of glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her lips two coral portals that guard bci teetli of Oriental pearl, her neck is iilabaster, her hands are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than the new-fallen snow. " She is not a descendant of the ancient Caii, Curtii, bnd Scipios of Rome ; nor of the modern Colonas and Orsini ; nor of the Moncadas and Requesenes of Catalonia ; nor of tlie Rebillas and Villanovas of Valencia ; neither is she a descendant of tlie Palafoxes, Newcas, Rocabertis, Corelliis, Lun:ui, Alagones, Ureas, Foyes, and Gurre.is of Aragdn ; neitlier does the lady Dulcinea descend from the Cerdas, Manriquez, Mendozas, and Guzmans of Castille ; nor from the Alencastros, Pallas, and Menezes of Portugal ; but slie derives her origin from the family of Toboso dela Mancha, most illustrious of all." Cervantes, Don Quixote, L ii. i (1605). Ask you for whom my tears do flow so? 'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso. J)on Quixote. 1. ill. 11 (1605). Dull, a constable. Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost (1694). Du'maclius. The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's Golden Legend, and the penitent thief is called Titus. In the apocryphal Gospel of Nicode- mus, the impenitent thief is called Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas. In the story of Joseph of Arimathea, the impenitent thief is called Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas. Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas. A Monkith Charm to Scare avxiy Thievet, Dismas in paradise would dwell. But Gesmaii chose bis lot in hell. Dumain, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand king of Navarre. He agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken as soon as made, and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When, however, he proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months and a day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for, she said, " I'll mark no words that smooth-faced wooers say." The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth, Of all Uiat virtue love for virtue loved ; Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill ; For he hath wit to make an ill shape good. And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit. Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost, act 11. sc. 1 (1694). Du'marin, the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel. Spenser, Faery QueeUf hi. 4, DUMAS. 278 DUNCIAD. Dumas {Alexandre Z>.), in 1845, pub- lished sixty volumes. The most skilful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difflcuity do 3900 letters in an hour, which gives him 4MrocVi), a follower of Donald Bean Lean. Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.). Dunce, wittily or wilfully derived, from Duns, surnamed " Scotus.'" In the Gaelic, donat [mean*] "bad luck," or in con tempt, " a poor ignorant creature." The Lowland Scotc has dontie, " unfortunate, stupid." Aotc* and Qv 225, September 21, 1878. Dun'ciad ("fAe dunce-epic") a satir by Alexander Pope written to revenj DUNDAS. 279 DUNS SCOTUS. himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden the poet-laureate Deing dead, the goddess of Uulness elects Colley Gibber as his successor. The in- stallation is celebrated by games, the most important being the "reading of two voluminous works, one in verse and the other in prose, without nodding." King Gibber is then taken to the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the goddess. In his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally, the goddess having established the kingdom on a firm basis. Night and Chaos are restored, and the poem ends (1728-42). Dundas {Starvation), Henry Dundas, first lord Melville. So called because he introduced into the language the word starvation, in a speech on American affairs (1775). Dunder {Sir David), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable, conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who for ever interrupts a speaker with "Yes, yes, I know it," or " Be quiet, I know it." He raiely finishes a sentence, but runs on in this style : " Dover is an odd sort of a eh V " " It is a dingy kind of a humph ! " " The ladies will be happy to eh ? " He is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he accidentally detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent a scandal, he sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two lovers, both in family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law. Lady Dunder, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers cooking to cro- quet, and making the kettle sing to sing- ing herself. (See Harriet and Kitty.) G. Golman, Ways and Means (1788). William Dowton [1764-1851] played " sir Anthony Abso- lute," "sir Peter Teazle," "sir David Dunder," and "sir John Falstaff," and looked the very characters he repre- sented. W. Donaldson, JieooUectiont. *^,* " Sir Anthony Absolute," in The Rivals (Sheridan) ; "sir Peter Teazle," in The School for Scandal (Sheridan). Dundrear'y {Lord), a good-natured, indolent, blundering, empty-headed Bwell; the chief character in Tom Tay- lor's dramatic piece entitled Our Atneri- can Cousin. He is greatly characterized by his admiration of " Brother Sam," for his incapacity to follow out the sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who differ from him. (Mr. Sothem of tlie Haymarket created this character by his power of conception and the genius of his acting.) Dxined'in (3 syL), Edinburgh. On her firm-set rock Dunedln's castle felt a secret shock. ^TOn, EnglUh Bards snd Scotch Jievievers (1809). Dunlathmon, the family seat of Nujith, father of Oithona {q.v.). Ossian, Oithona. Dunmow Flitch {The), given to any married couple who, at the close of the first year of their marriage, can take their oath they have never once wished themselves unmarried again. Dr. Short sent a gammon to the princess Charlotte and her consort, prince Leopold, while they were at Glaremont House. *** A similar custom is observed at th manor of Wichenor, in Staffordshire, where com as well as bacon is given tc the " happy pair." (For a list of those who have received the flitch from its establishment, see Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 251.) Dunois {The count de), in sir W. Scott's novel of Quentin Durward (time, Edward IV.). Dunois the Brave, hero of the famous French song, set to music by queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called Partant pour Syrie. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was : Que j'aime la plus belle, t sois le plus vaillant. He behaved with great valour, and the count whom he followed gave him his daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud : Amour k la plus belle I Honneur au plus vaillant I Words by M. de Laborde (1809) Dun'over, a poor gentleman intro- duced by sir W. Scott in the introduction of The Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.). Dunrommath, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul, son of Moral), and was slain by Gaul in fight. Gaul advanced in his arms. DunronimatL shrunk be- hind his people. But the spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief ; his sword lopped oflT bis head as it bendad in death. Ossian, Oithona. Duns Scotus, called " The Subtle Doctor," said to have been bom atDuuse, in Ber^vickshire, or Dunstance, in North- umberland (1265-1308). *^* John Scotus, called ErujSntu DUN-SUUKNER. 280 DUROTIGES. ("Erin-bom"), is r,uite another per- son (*-886). Erigena is sometimes called " Scotus the Wise," and lived four cen- turies before "The Subtle Doctor." Dun-Shnnner (Aiujustus), a nom de plume of professor William Edmonstoune Avtoun, in Blackwood's Magazine (1813- 1865). Dunsmore Cross or High Cross^ the centre of England. Hence, Muse, divert thy course to Duiumore, hy that cross Where those two mighty wajT, the Watling and the Foss, Our centre seem to cut. Drayton, PoJyomon, xiiL (1613). Dunstable (DownriMre?-e praised, [Who} began the goodly church of Westminster to rear. Drayton. Polyolbion, xi. (1613). Eastward Hoe, a comedy by Chap- man, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this drama the three authors were im- prisoned " for disrespect to their sovereign lord king James I." (1605). (See Wkst- WARD HOK.) EASY. 284 ECTOR DE MARIS. Easy (Sir Charles), a man who bates trouble ; "so lazy, even in his pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than go through any trouble in securing or keeping her." He says he is resolved in future to " follow no pleasure that rises above the degree of amusement." " When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds, and eject- ments ; her passion becomes as trouble- some as a law-suit, and I would as soon converse with my solicitor" (act iii.). Lady Easy, wife of sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows all his "naughty ways," but never shows the slightest indication of ill temper or jealous}'. At last she wholly reclaims him. Colley Gibber, The Careless Hus- band (1704). Eberson (Earl), the young son of William de la Marck *' The Wild Boar of Ardennes." Sir W. Scott, Quentin Dur- v:ard (time, Edward IV.). Eblis, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but, refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he was called Aza'zel. The Koran says: "When We [God] said unto the angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused . . . and became of the number of un- believers " (ch. ii.). His person was that of a young man, whose noble and regular feature seemed to have been tarnished by malig- nant vapours. In his large eyes appeared both jiride and despair. His flowing hair retained some resemblance to that of an angel of light. In his hand (which thunder had blasted) he swayed the iron sceptre that causes the afrits and all the powers of the abyss to tremble. W. Beckford, Vathek (1784). Ebon Spear (Knight of the), Brito- mart, daughter of king Ryence of Wales. Spenser, Faery Queen, iii. (1690). Ebraue, son of Mempric (son of Guen- dblen and Madden) mythical king of Eng- land. He built Kaer-brauc lYork], about the time that David reigned in Judea. Geoffrey, British History, ii. 7 (1142). By Ebrauk's powerful hand York lifts her towers aloft. Drayton, PolyolUon, viii. (1612). Ebu'dsB, the Hebrides. Ecclesiastical History (The Fathet of), Eusebius of Gsesarea (264- 840). *^* His Historia Ecclesiastica, in ten books, begins with the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by Constantine, a.d. 324. %, Eclieph'ron, an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of king Picrochole 3 syl.), by relating to them the fable of le Man and his Ha'p'orth of Milk. Tha fable is as follows : A shoemaker bought a ha'poth of milk ; with this he was going to make butter ; tlie butter was to buy a cow ; the cow was to have a calf ; the calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob; only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to bed. Rabelais. FarUayruel, i. 33 (1533). This fable is told in the Arabian Nights ("The Barber's Fifth Brother, Alnas- char"). Lafontaine has put it into verse, Perrette et le Pot au Lait. Dodsley has the same. The Milk-maid and her Pail of Milk. Echo, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also ; but in Ossian echo is called " the son of the rock." Songs of Selma. Eck'hart {Ths Faithful), a good servant, who perishes to save his master's children from the mountain fiends. Louis Tieck. (Carlvle has tran'Slated this tale into English.) Eelecta, the "Elect" personified in The Purple Island, by Phineas Flet- cher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voletta [free-will), and ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bridegroom " (canto xii., 1633). But let the Kentish lad [Phinea* Fletcher] . . . that sung and crowned Eclecta's h>Tnen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be the sweet pipe. Giles Fletcher, Chritfi THumph, etc. (1610). Ecne'pbia, a hurricane, similar to typhoon. The circling Typhon, whirled from point to point, . And dire Ecncphia reign. Thomson, The Seatoms (" Summer, 1727). Ecole des Femmes, a comedy Moli^re, the plot of which is borrow* from the novelletti of Ser Giovanni (1378) Ector (Sir), "lord of many parts England and Wales, and foster-father prince Arthur." His son, sir Key or Ka; was seneschal or steward of Arthur wh he became king. Sir T. Malory, Histi of Prince Arthur, i. 3 (1470). *^* Sir Ector and sir Ector de Ma: were two distinct persons. Ector de Maris (Sir), brother " sir Launcelot" of Benwick, i.e. Brittany. Then sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, and his helm from hhn, and. . . he fell down in a swoon ; and when h awaked, it were h.ird for any tongue to tell lUe doleful complaints [lament ati(ms'iX\\nt he nuide for his broinefi "Ah, sir lAuncelot " said b -head of all Chiisti&o knights." . . . etc. Sir T. Malory, Uiitory cj Prt Arthur, iii. 176 (1470). 1 EDEN. 285 EDINA. ^ (The Garden of). There is a region of Bavaria so called, because, like Eden, it is watered by four streams, viz., the White Maine, the Eger, the Saalle, and the Naabe. In the Koran the word Eden means " everlasting abode." Thus in ch. ix. we read, " God promiseth to true believers gardens of perpetual abode," literally " gardens of Eden." Eden^ in America. A dismal swamp, the climate of which generally proved fatal to the poor dupes who Avere induced to settle there through the swindling transactions of general Scadder and general Choke. So dismal and dan- gerous was the place, that oven Mark Tapley was satisfied to have found at last a place where he could " come out jolly with credit." C. Dickens, Martin C/iuz- zlewit (1844). Eden of Germany {Das Eden Deutschlands) . Baden is so called on account of its mountain scenery, its extensive woods, its numerous streams, its mild climate, and its fertile soil. The valley of Treisam, in the graud- duchy, is locally called " Hell Valley" {HoUenthall). Between this and the lake Constance lies what is called " The Kingdom of Heaven." Edenhall {Tlie Luck of), an old painted goblet, left by the fairies on St. Cuthbert's Well in the garden of Eden- hall. The superstition is that if ever this goblet is lost or broken, there will be no more luck in the family. The goblet is in the possession of sir Christopher Mus- grave, bart., Edenhall, Cumberland. ^V'"' Longfellow has a poem on The Luck of Edenhall, translated from Uhland. Edgar (959-775), "king of all the English," was not crowned till he had reigned thirteen years (a.d. 973). Then the ceremony was performed at Bath. After this he sailed to Chester, and eight of his vassal kings came with their fleets to pay him homage, and swear fealty to him by land and sea. The eight are Kenneth {king of Soots), Malcolm {of Cumberland), Maccus {of the Isles), and five Welsh princes, whose names were Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight kings rowed Edgar in a boat (while he acted as steersman) from Chester to St. John's, where they offered prayer, and then returned. At Chester, while he [Edyar] lived, at more than kingly cUarge, Kght tributary kings there rowed him in his barg