L B UC-NRLF SCHOOL LAWS OF THE STATE OF WYOMING 1917 GIFT OF SCHOOL LAWS OF THE STATE OF WYOMING Compiled by J. O. CREAGER Commissioner of Education Cheyenne, Wyoming 190?' !ow Wyoming Labor Journal Publishing Company Cheyenne. Wyoming School Laws of Wyoming CHAPTER 120. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. General Supervision and Control. State System. 1. The general supervision of public schools shall be en- trusted to a State Department of education at the head of which shall be a State Board of Education which shall admin- ister the State system according to law for the best interests of the people and of the State, making such rules and regula- tions as may be necessary for the proper and effective admin- istration of the same. The Commissioner of Education shall be the executive officer of the board with powers and duties to be denned by law. Provided; that nothing in this Act or any Chapter thereof shall be construed to limit or contravene the functions and powers of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- versity of Wyoming as hitherto established by law in conform- ity with the Constitution of the State of Wyoming and the laws of the United States. County. 2. Educational matters affecting the county shall be un- der the supervision of a county superintendent of schools. District. 3. Educational matters affecting a school district shall be under the care of a district board of school trustees. SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING A * State Board of Education. & Appointment. Terms. Qualifications. Meetings. 4. The State Board of Education shall be composed of seven members at least three of whom shall be persons actively engaged in educational work. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be ex officio a member of such board and shall have the right to vote. The other six members of said board shall be appointed from among the citizens of the State in such a manner that the different parts of the State shall be represented, and not more than four members of such board shall be from one political party, and the members shall hold office from the first of May succeeding their appointment for a term of six years, provided that the length of term of the first regular appointees under this section shall be as follows: two members shall be appointed for two years, two for four years, two for six years, but thereafter the term of each mem- ber shall be six years. They shall be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate and shall be appointed solely be- cause of character and fitness. All members of the board shall be persons of mature years, known for their integrity, culture, public spirit, business ability, and interest in public education. Vacancies shall be filled by the Governor and shall be for the unexpired term. All members shall be eligible to reappoint- ment unless otherwise disqualified by provisions of this act. Members of the board may be removed by the Governor for immorality, misconduct, neglect of duty, or incompetence, but they shall be given at least 30 days notice in writing containing a complete statement of the charges and shall be given the opportunity of being heard in their own defense in person or by counsel. The board shall meet semi-annually on the second Monday in May and November. The first meeting of each year shall be for the purpose of organization, at which a chairman shall be elected, but the Commissioner of Education shall act as secretary. Special meetings may be held as often as the duties of the board require and the board shall meet at the call of the Governor, or the Superintendent of Public In- struction or the Commissioner of Education whenever in the opinion of these officials an emergency exists, and the chairman shall call meetings on the written request of four members. Expenses. Appoint Commissioner. 5. Members of the State Board of Education shall receive no salary but shall receive traveling and other necessary ex- penses incurred in the performance of their duties. The Com- missioner of Education shall be appointed by the Board and shall be its executive officer. SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 5 He shall attend all meetings of the board and its commit- tees, and shall have the right to advise on any question, but shall have no vote. Prescribe Policies. 6. The State Board of Education shall prescribe policies of educational administration throughout the State, and shall recommend rules and regulations for the administration of the public school system. For the purpose of enforcing the school laws, the board may institute legal proceedings in the name of the State of Wyoming. General Supervision. 7. The State Board of Education shall exercise through the Commissioner of Education and his assistants, general con- trol and supervision over the public schools and the educational interests of the State. They shall consult with and advise through their executive officer, boards of education, county and city superintendents and supervisors, principals, teachers, and other school officers and citizens, and seek in every way to develop public sentiment in support of progressive education. Course of Study. 8. The State Board of Education shall prescribe, with and on the advice of The Commissioner of Education standards regulating the general course of study for the elementary and high schools, and for any other educational institutions which receive State aid, and shall provide for the printing and distribution of a suggestive State course of study and of all other printed matter necessary to carry out the provisions of this act. NOTE. In accordance with Chapter 53, Session Laws 1913, the following branches must be taught in the Public Schools: Reading, Spelling, Writing, United States History, Language and Grammar, Num- bers and Arithmetic, History and Civil Government of Wyoming, Humane Treatment of Animals, Nature Study and Geography, Physiology and Hygiene with special instruction on the effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, Agriculture. Standards. 9. The State Board of Education shall provide through its executive officer for the grading and standardization of elementary and high schools, and shall enumerate the minimum standards with which schools receiving money from any State fund must comply. Such standards may include in addition to educational restrictions, rules and regulations for the sanitary 6 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING and hygienic construction of school houses and the location and selection of grounds. Rules for Certification. 10. The State Board of Education shall prescribe, with and on the advice of the Commissioner of Education, rules and regulations for administering the laws governing the certifica- tion of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers, whether by examination in specified subjects or through the completion of courses in approved institutions. The Board may, in its discretion, prepare and publish lists of approved normal schools, colleges, and universities and fix standards for such approval. Annual Census. Forms. 11. There shall be an annual consus [census] of all school children in the State. The State Board of Education shall, with and on the advice of the Commissioner of Education provide for taking such annual census, and shall prescribe rules and regulations and furnish forms and blanks for the use of county superintendents, district boards, principals, teachers, and other school officials, and shall require all financial accounts and all educational records to be kept and reports made according to these forms and blanks. Biennial Report. 12. The State Board of Education shall report biennially to the Governor and the Legislature a complete statement of the work of the education department, including financial state- ments, educational progress, and needs of the State school system and it shall recommend to the Governor and the Legis- lature such legislation concerning schools and such appropria- tions for additional educational activities as it may see fit and as the educational needs of the State require. Investigations. 13. The State Board of Education and Commissioner of Education shall conduct investigations within and without the State regarding educational needs and progress and means of improving conditions ; they may appoint special agents for such investigations and perform any additional duties required by law. Special Schools. 14. The State Board of Education, through its executive officer and assistants, shall have general oversight of voca- tional or other special schools receiving State aid. SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Teacher Training Institutions. 15. The State Board of Education shall advise with the Board of Trustees of the State University in matters relating to the course of study in the State Normal Department of the State University. The State Board of Education shall be the trustees of all other teacher training institutions which may hereafter be established. Assume Duties of Board of Examiners. 16. The State Board of Education, through the Commis- sioner of Education and his assistants, shall assume the powers and duties now conferred upon the State Board of Examiners. They shall in connection with such duties keep in file informa- tion regarding the certification, education, experience, and effi- ciency of teachers, which shall be at the disposal of superin- tendents and school trustees when called for. Commissioner of Education. Qualifications. 17. The Commissioner of Education shall be a person of literary and scientific attainments, versed in the history, theory, and principles of education, with practical knowledge of the organization and management of the schools. He shall be a graduate of a standard four year college or university, or have an equivalent education and training, shall be an experienced educator actively engaged in educational work at the time or within two years of the time of his assuming the duties of the office. Duties. Office. , 18. The Commissioner of Education shall devote his time, attention, and energies to the faithful performance of the duties of his office as prescribed by law, and shall be the execu- tive officer and agent of the State Board of Education and the executive head of the public school system of the State. He shall have an office in the State capitol building and be pro- vided with ample room and equipment. Duties. 19. The Commissioner of Education shall execute the edu- cational policies of the State Board of Education ; he shall pre- pare and publish such pamphlets, bulletins, etc. as shall stimu- late public interest in education and inform the public on the educational policies of the administration; shall make tours of inspection from time to time in the se^sieral counties of the State for the discussion and consideration of questions of public education; shall foster professional growth and enthusiasm in teachers and school officers by every means available ; and shall 8 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING in person and through his assistants examine the expenditures and accounts, the educational and administrative methods of boards and superintendents, and advise with them on all mat- ters pertaining to the management of the school system. Institutes. 20. The Commissioner of Education, subject to the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education, shall arrange such conferences, conventions, or institutes as the Board of Education may direct or as may be provided by law. Certificates. Examinations. 21. The Commissioner of Education shall issue certificates to superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers, upon the recommendation of the State Board of Education, and shall make such arrangements as to time, place and manner of hold- ing such examinations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of the board and the statutes regarding such cer- tification. Construe Laws, Rules and Regulations. Administer Oaths. 22. The Commissioner of Education shall explain the true intent and meaning of the school laws and of the rules and regu- lations of the State Board of Education and shall decide with- out expense to the parties concerned all controversies and dis- putes involving the administration of the public school system and his decision shall hold until revoked by a court of com- petent jurisdiction. He shall have authority to administer oaths and examine under oath any witnesses on any matter pertaining v to public schools in any part of the State. He shall have power to endorse [enforce] all provisions of this act and of the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education. Course of Study. 23. The Commissioner of Education shall prepare or cause to be prepared and shall submit for approval and adoption by the State Board of Education, a suggestive course of study for the different grades and kinds of elementary and high schools and such other schools as receive State funds or State aid. He shall prepare for the use and guidance of the district boards such regulations and suggestions for standardizing and grading schools and for the hygienic and sanitary building of school- houses and the selection of sites, as the State Board may pre- scribe. % Chief of Certification Division. Field Agents. 24. The Commissioner of Education shall be provided with adequate office assistance. There shall be [a] chief of the SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 9 Certification Division who shall also conduct the State Teach- ers ' Employment Bureau. There may be field agents who shall assist in the general supervisory, advisory and inspectorial duties now required ofthe State Superintendent, or which shall hereafter be provided by the State Board of Education. The field agents shall also be advisors and inspectors of high schools and such schools as receive State aid for vocational or other courses or for other purposes approved by the State Board of Education as hereinafter provided. Annual Report. 25. The Commissioner of Education shall prepare an an- nual report of the work of the department of the State Board of Education. Print School Law. Forms and Reports. 26. The Commissioner of Education shall have printed and distributed the school law and such forms for and instruc- tions regarding reports as will enable school officers to make them out fully and correctly. He shall furnish all forms neces- sary to carry out legal requirements or to furnish such data as may from time to time be required by the rules and regula- tions of the Board of Education or by the provisions of the State school law. He may require of county superintendents, city superintendents, principals, teachers, and school officers, annual reports and such other reports as he may at any time deem necessary or desirable. Reading Courses. 27. The Commissioner of Education shall prescribe and publish annually courses of reading for teachers in the elemen- tary and high schools and may require certified statements from teachers or take such other methods as may in his judg- ment seem necessary to assure himself that the required read- ing has been done, or he shall prescribe such other methods of training teachers in service as he may deem necessary and promote the same through city and county superintendents. Teachers' Bureau. 28. The Commissioner of Education shall keep in his office classified lists of all teachers employed in the State, and such other teachers within or without the State as desire to register with the State Department of Education, with records concerning the training, education, certification, experience, teaching success, and such other facts as relate to their ability to -teach and as enable him to furnish reliable information to superintendents and trustees who desire to engage teachers. 10 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Assistance given to boards in the employment of teachers and to teachers in securing positions, shall be without charge. iLists of Text Books. 29. The Commissioner of Education shall publish lists of approved textbooks, together with prices, for use in the schools of the State from which superintendents, teachers, and trustees may select such books as are most suitable for the schools over which they preside, provided that these lists give sufficient latitude to enable school officers affected to make such selection as fit their particular needs, and further provided that the books not included on the lists may not be adopted without the approval of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and further provided that no books shall be included unless pub- lishers have complied with the law. Contracts and Bonds of Publishing Houses. 30. The Commissioner of Education shall furnish all pub- lishing houses selling books within the State, contract forms for their use in entering into agreements with school officers for the purchase of books to be used in the public schools of the State, and he shall require all such publishing houses to file in his office good and sufficient bond in the sum of at least two thousand dollars ($2,000.00) the amount to be fixed and the bond to be approved by him before such publishing houses shall legally enter into contract with school officers for the sale of books. It shall be unlawful for any publishing house or any school officer to enter into any contract in which the above provisions are not complied with, and the State Board of Education shall have the power to suspend the right of the publishing houses so offending to conduct further business in the State until the law is complied with, and all boards of education in the State shall be notified in writing of such suspension. Printed Material. 31. The Commissioner of Education shall prepare or cause to be prepared all reports, pamphlets, or other printed material of an educational nature which shall be ordered or approved by the State Board of Education. Other Duties. 32. The Commissioner of Education (shall) perform such other duties as are, or may be prescribed by law or by the State Board of Education. SCHOOL- LAWS OF WYOMING 11 Certification of Teachers NOTE. See Bulletin No. l of the State Board of Education, re- lating to Certification of Teachers. Certification Division. 33. The power to make rules and regulations pertaining to the certification of teachers, excepting insofar as is herein provided by statute, shall be vested in the State Board of Education, who shall create a Certification Division of the State Department of Education and appoint the chief officer of this division (who) shall be a person of high professional qualifica- tions and of broad experience in educational work, and shall be held responsible for the work of his division. Duties. Examinations. Credentials. 34. Provision shall be made for two methods by which certificates may be obtained, namely, through examination and upon credentials, and these two ways of obtaining certificates shall be made as nearly as possible of equivalent standards. All forms of certificates shall be issued from the office of the Com- missioner of Education, upon the recommendation of this Division, and a register of these certificates shall be kept on file at this office. It shall be the duty of the Certification Division to prepare and recommend to the State Board of Education a list of approved institutions whose graduates may receive certificates without examination. The Division shall also provide fo^ the recognition of certificates granted in other States. All certificates shall be State certificates and valid in all counties of the State, subject to registration, as provided by law. Examinations shall be uniform as to lists of questions, dates of holding, and rules and regulations governing these matters in the various counties. The county superintendent of schools shall cooperate with the Certification Division in ad- ministering all examinations, reporting grades, and distributing certificates in their respective counties. Examinations . Applications . Fee. 35. The Certification Division shall determine the number of examinations to be given each year, and publish announce- ments for the year at least six months in advance of the date of the first examination to be given during the year, but the Certification Division may provide for examinations whenever deemed advisable. Certificates granted on credentials may be applied for at any time, such application to be made through the office of the county superintendent of schools in accordance with such rules as the State Department may prescribe. Every 12 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING applicant for a certificate to be granted upon examination, credentials, or renewal, shall pay such, reasonable fee, as may be prescribed by the State Board of Education. Classes of Certificates. 36. The State Board of Education through its Certifica- tion Division shall provide for the following classes of certifi- cates: (1) Elementary City School Certificates; (2) Rural School Certificates; (3) High School Certificates; (4) Admin- istrative Certificates; (5) Special Certificates. Certificates Registered in County. 37. All certificates must annually be registered at the of- fice of the county superintendent of schools in the county wherein the holder shall intend to teach the ensuing year. Be- fore such certificate can be registered the holder of each must furnish satisfactory evidence of having complied with the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education with refer- ence to professional study. Failure to comply with the regis- tration law shall invalidate the holder's certificate, and such person shall not be entitled to receive pay for teaching, pro- vided, that exception to this regulation may be permitted by the State Board of Education upon the written application of a district board. Certificates Revoked. 38. The State Board of Education through the Certifica- tion Division shall have power to revoke a teacher's certificate upon evidence of gross neglect of duty, incompetency, im- morality, or other reprehensible conduct. Such evidence must be presented in written charges and no certificate shall be re- voked without a personal hearing unless the holder thereof shall refuse or fail to appear for such hearing. Salaries. , 39. The Commissioner of Eduation [Education] shall re- ceive an annual salary of Three Thousand Dollars ($3,000.00). The chief of the Certification Division shall receive an annual salary of Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000.00). Appropriation. 40. There is also appropriated out of any money in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated the sum of Twenty- six Thousand Dollars ($26,000.00) or as much thereof as may be necessary, to pay the salary of the Commissioner of Educa- tion and the salary of the chief of the Certification Division, and for such other assistants and contingent expenses of the SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 13 State Board of Education for the succeeding two (2) years as the duties thereof may require. 41 . All acts and parts of acts in conflict with or contrary to the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. 42. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 21, 1917. CHAPTER 123. HIGH SCHOOL NORMAL TRAINING DEPARTMENTS. In Accredited Schools. Subjects to be Taught. Sec. 1. The board of trustees of High Schools of the State accredited by the State Board of Examiners, are hereby authorized to establish Normal Training Departments in such High Schools, in which shall be taught elementary psychology, rural school management, rural school methods, primary meth- ods, arithmetic, language, geography, history, civics, physi- ology, music, drawing and agriculture and in which at least one hour each day shall be devoted to practice work under the guidance of a regularly employed teacher, who shall have com- pleted the traning course of a regular Normal School. The course of studies for such High School Normal Department shall cover a semester's work and graduation therefrom shall require one year's work of nine months. Admission. Certificates. Sec. 2. Pupils who have completed three full years' work in an accredited High School of the State, or who hold a third grade certificate, shall be admitted to said Normal Department, and upon completing one year 's course therein shall be entitled to receive a teacher's certificate, to be known as a State Normal Training Department Certificate, which shall be valid- for one year, and shall entitle the holder to teach in rural schools only upon passing the regular teachers ' examination in rhetoric and theory and practice, and securing no less than 80% in each subject, a holder of this certificate shall be issued a regular second grade certificate. Pupils who have completed a full four years ' course in an accredited High School before entering this Department shall, upon completing one year's work there- in, be issued a teacher's certificate entitled an "Advanced State Normal Training Department Certificate," which shall be valid for two years and subject to renewal under the regulations for renewing other certificates. The holder of this certificate shall be issued a first grade State certificate under the same 14 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING conditions that the holder of a regular second grade certificate is issued a first grade certificate. When the holder of an Ad- vanced State Normal Training Department Certificate shall have taught one year he or she' shall be given one year's credit in the regular work of the Normal Schools of the State. Equipment. Teachers. Sec. 3. Boards of Trustees of High Schools establishing Normal Training Departments, as herein provided, shall furnish books 4nd apparatus sufficient for said department of the class designated by the State Board of Teachers Examiners, and shall employ teachers for said department who have been specially trained for the instruction of teachers for rural schools. On and after August 31, 1919, any teacher now in the work must have had full four year course in a university or college with special professional training. Tax Levy. Sec. 4. Any board of trustees of an accredited High School of the State desiring to establish a Normal Training Department therein shall so declare by formal resolution and shall cause the clerk of said board to transmit a certified copy of said resolution to the State Board of Equalization, on or be- fore the 1st day of July thereafter, and it shall be the duty of the State Board of Equalization to provide for the levy of a special tax of one-eighth of one mill, or so much thereof as may be necessary to provide all accredited High Schools of the State wherein Normal Departments have been established and so certified, with the sum of One Thousand Dollars ($1,- 000.00) annually, said tax to be levied upon each and every dollar of the assessed valuation of the State and collected and paid to the State Treasurer in the manner provided by law for the collection and payment of other State taxes. The sum of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) shall be payable from said tax fund to the treasurers of the boards of such accredited High Schools wherein Normal Departments have been so estab- lished and certified, upon a warrant of the State Auditor to be issued upon the voucher of such treasurer, and it shall be the duty of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction to coun- tersign the voucher. Such fund to be used solely for the pay- ment of teacher's salary. Room. Sec. 5. Boards of trustees governing accredited four- year High Schools of the State, wherein Normal Departments have been established, are hereby required to provide a room for the use of said Normal or Training Department, and such SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 15 room shall be used solely for the use of said Normal Training Department. Sec. 6. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 21, 1917. CHAPTER 99. ACCEPTANCE OF TERMS OF FEDERAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ACT. Acceptance. Sec. 1. That the State of Wyoming does hereby accept the provisions of an act of the Congress of the United States of America entitled "An act to provide for the promotion of vocational education; to provide for cooperation with the States in the promotion of such education in agriculture and the trades and industries ; to provide for cooperation with the States in the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects; and to appropriate money and regulate its expenditure", and will observe and comply with all the requirements of said act. State Board. Sec. 2. That the State Board of Education is hereby designated as the State Board for the purposes of the said act arid is hereby given all necessary power to cooperate with the Federal Board of Vocational Education in the administra- tion of the provisions of the act. State Treasurer Custodian of Funds. Sec. 3. That the State Treasurer is appointed custodian of funds allotted by Federal Act to the State of Wyoming for the promotion of vocational education, and he shall provide for the proper custody and disbursement of such funds on the requisition of the State Board of Education. Appropriation. Sec. 4. That there is hereby appropriated for the pur- poses of this Act from the General fund out of any moneys not otherwise appropriated Three Thousand ($3,000.00) Dollars annually. Sec. 5. That all Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed. Sec. 6. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved Febrary 20, 1917. 16 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING CHAPTER 18. FIRE-ESCAPES. Buildings to be Equipped. Sec. 1. Every building now or hereafter used, in whole or in part, as a public building, public or private institution, office building, lyceum, church, school house, theatre, public hall, place of assemblage or place of public resort, and every hotel, apartment house, boarding house, tenement house, factory or workshop, three or more stories in height, shall be provided with safe and suitable metallic, tunnel [,] iron or fire-proof ladders or stair fire-escapes with guard rail of sufficient strength, attached to the outside walls thereof and extending from or suitably near the ground to the uppermost story there- of, with platforms not less than 6x3 feet and of such shape and size and in such proximity to the windows of each story above the first, as to render access to such ladders or stairs from each such story easy and safe to the occupants of such buildings in case of fire; and it shall be the duty of every proprietor, custodian, superintendent or person or persons having charge and control of such public buildings mentioned and described herein, to post notices in every hall, and in a public and con- spicuous place in such building, designating the places on each and every floor of such building where such fire-escapes are located and may be found. Means of Exit. Doors. Sec. 2. Every building now or hereafter used, in whole or in part, as a public building, public or private institution, office building, lyceum, church, school house, theatre, picture show house, public hall, place of assemblage or place of public resort, and every hotel, apartment house, boarding house or tenement house, two stories or less in height, having twelve (12) or more rooms shall be provided with at least two stair- ways, hallways or means of exit or escape from each story in case of fire. In addition to the above mentioned and described stair- ways and hallways or means of exit, all doors to every public hall, lyceum, theatre, picture show house, or other place of amusement, which is thrown open to and used for the profit of the owner or proprietor or owners or proprietors by public assemblies in the State of Wyoming, shall not be less than three feet in width, and shall swing or open out of and not into said public hall, lyceum, theatre, picture show house, or other place of amusement. SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 17 Factories, Offices, Etc., to be Equipped. Sec. 3. Every building now or hereafter used, in whole or in part, as a factory, mill, workshop, garage, office, bakery, laundry, store, and any other building or "buildings in which people are employed at manual or other labor, shall be pro- vided with proper and sufficient means of escape in case of fire, by two or more ways of egress, and all doors leading into or to such factory, mill, workshop, garage, office, bakery, laundry, store, and any other building or buildings in which people are employed at manual or other labor, shall not be locked, bolted or fastened during working hours as to prevent free and easy access therefrom. Exits Unobstructed. Stairways. Sec. 4. All such metallic, iron or fire-proof ladders or stair fire-escapes, stairways, hallways or means of egress, mentioned or described in this Act, shall at all times be kept free from any obstruction; in good repair and ready for use; and at night, or where lights are necessary in the daytime, a red light shall be provided with the words inscribed thereon "FIRE- ESCAPE." Provided that on all hotel, theatre, school and hos- pital buildings, two or more stories in height, said stairways shall extend from each floor of said building to the ground and shall not be less than three (3) feet wide, the r[a]isers of said stairs shall not be greater than eight (8) inches, and the treads not less than ten (10) inches wide; and the platform not less than three (3) feet wide, and in all cases the full width of the stairs. All such stairs shall have proper guard rails not less than twenty-eight (28) inches high. Where tubing is used for guard rails they shall be not more than ten (10) inches apart; and where balusters are used they shall be not more than six (6) inches apart. Applicable to Schools. Sec. 5. The provisions of this chapter are hereby made applicable to the trustees of all universities and school districts in this state, operating under the general school law of this state. Penalty. Sec. 6. Every person, firm or corporation, or his or its agents, officers, directors or trustees, owning or having the management or control of any such buildings or structures herein mentioned or described, who shall fail, neglect or refuse to comply with the provisions of this Act not later than October first, nineteen hundred seventeen, (October 1, 1917) shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall 18 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than three, nor more than six months, or by a fine of not less than One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) nor more than Five Hun- dred Dollars ($500.00) or by both such fine and imprisonment. Each month or fraction thereof in which any building desig- nated in this Act shall remain in violation thereof shall con- stitute a separate offense. Additional Requirements. Sec. 7. Any incorporated city or town may by ordinance make additional requirements relative to fire-escapes or exits. Sec. 8. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 10, 1917. * CHAPTER 31. MONTHLY PAYMENT BY COUNTY TREASURER OF MUNICIPAL, DISTRICT, AND LIBRARY FUNDS. Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the county treasurer of each county to keep an accurate record of all funds in his hands and due to the respective cities, towns, school districts and county libraries within the county; and on the first day of each month he shall pay over to the treasurer of each city, town, school district and county libraries all funds there- tofore collected by him for the benefit of the respective city, town, school district or county libraries. Sec. 2. Section 7 of Chapter 85 of the Session Laws of 1913 is hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 13, 1917. CHAPTER 59. NON-PARTISAN ELECTION OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. Sec. 1. The County Superintendent of Schools shall here- after be nominated and elected regardless of political affilia- tions. Petition and Affidavit. Fee. Sec. 2. Any person desiring to become a candidate for County Superintendent of Schools may, within not more than sixty nor less than twenty days preceding a primary election, SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 19 file with the County Clerk of the county in which such person resides, a statement in substantially the following form, to- wit : "Petition and Affidavit of Candidate for County Superintendent of Schools State of Wyoming, ) County of ] I, , being first duly sworn, say that I reside at , in the city of , in the County of in the State of Wyoming; that I am a qualified voter of said state and said county ; that I am eligible to be elected to the office to which I aspire; that I am a candidate for the nomination for the office of county super- intendent of schools to be voted upon at the primary election to be held on the day of 19 ; that I hereby request that my name be printed upon the official ballot for the nomination at such primary election for the office of county superintendent of schools. Subscribed and sworn to before me by the said this__ __day of ,.A. D., 19 ["] Such petition and affidavit shall be accompanied by a fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), to be paid into the county treasury of said county, and no further requisite shall be necessary for such person to have his name printed on the non-partisan pri- mary "ballot. ["] Ballots. "Sec. 3. Notwithstanding any more general law respect- ing primary elections in force in the state, the official ballot to be prepared and used at such primary, when relating to county superintendent of schools or other non-partisan officers, shall simply place the names of all candidates for judicial offices and county superintendent of schools upon the primary ballot without any political designation ; the names to be arranged as hereinafter stated, the said ballot to be a separate ballot from the party ballots used at the primary election, and said non- partisan ballots to have separate columns for judicial offices and for county superintendent of schools ; the heading of the column to indicate whether the column is for the school officers mentioned or for judicial officers. The form of such ballot shall be the same as prescribed for non-partisan election of judges, in Section 3 of Chapter 74 of the Session Laws of 1915, and the names of said nominees for the said school offices shall 20 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING be arranged the same as provided in said Section 3 of Chapter 74 of the Session Laws of 1915, for the arrangement of names for the judicial offices." Voters Not Required to Declare Party Affiliation. "Sec. 4. At said primary election for county superin- tendent of schools or for judicial officers, any qualified elector of the precinct shall be permitted to vote for the nomination of non-partisan officers without being required to state any party affiliation, and the provisions of Chapter 23 of the Ses- sion Laws of 1911 and any and all amendments thereto that re- quire an elector to state his party affiliation when voting at a primary, shall not apply to those electors who vote only the non-partisan ballot. Any elector offering to vote at such primary election for non-partisan officers only shall, unless he has been recorded as voting at the last preceding general primary election, be required to take the oath contained in Section 4 of Chapter 128 of the Session Laws of 1913. And any such elector offering to vote for non-partisan officers only and not offering to vote a party ticket, shall be registered by the judges of election in the poll book under a separate column headed "Non-Par- tisan. ' ' The method of voting and of accounting and certifying the returns shall in all respects be governed by the provisions of Chapter 74 of the Session Laws of 1915 relative to the nomi- nation of non-partisan judges, except insofar as the same may be modified or changed by this Act." Ballots for General Election. "Sec. 5. After said primary election held as aforesaid, the county clerk or other official whose duty it is to prepare the official ballot for the general election to be held in this state, shall prepare a separate ballot similar and substantially in the same general form, and the names rotated on said ballot as herein provided for the nomination of said school officers at the primary election, and as provided in Chapter 74, Session Laws of 1915 for the nomination of judicial officers; and the two candidates receiving the highest number of votes at the primary election for each of said offices shall be entitled to have their names printed on the official non-partisan ballot at the general election. Said ballot for non-partisan officers may contain judicial officers and the same school officers, arranged, however, in separate columns, but such non-partisan ballot shall be separate from the regular ballot used at such election and shall be deposited in a separate ballot box, the same as in SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 21 voting upon constitutional amendments. The candidate receiv- ing the highest number of votes at said general election shall be declared duly elected to the office for which said person was a candidate. In all other respects the procedure for the nomi- nation and election to the offices herein referred to shall be regulated by the provisions of the statutes relating to primary and general elections in force in this state so far as they are applicable." Sec. 6. All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with the provisions of this Act are hereby expressly repealed and Chap- ter 74 Sessions Laws of 1915 is hereby modified to conform to the provisions of this Act. Sec. 7. This Act shall be in force and effect from and after its passage. Approved February 17, 1917. Uniforms for School Cadets. Sec. 67. The sum of Thirty-four Hundred Dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purchase of uniforms for the members of all public school, cadet organizations in the State, which adopt military setting-up exercises, drill and calesthenics and conduct the same according to requirements, rules and regulations laid down by the State Adjutant General. Such uniforms shall be chosen, purchased, distributed and used in accordance with the directions of the Adjutant General, and this appropriation shall be expended under directions of the Adjutant General by vouchers rendered in the regular form to the State Auditor and approved by the Adjutant General. CHAPTER 73. HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICTS MAJ ACCEPT GIFTS. Sec. 1. High school districts within the State of Wyo- ming organized as provided in Chapter 142, "Wyoming Com- piled Statutes of 1910, are hereby authorized to receive any and all property that may be donated, devised, bequeathed or given, for educational purposes in this state, or for any of the purposes for which said high schools are organized as provided in said Chapter 142 or any and all amendments thereto, and may apply said devices, bequests, gifts or donations to the pur- poses and for the objects for which they may be so devised, bequeathed, given or donated. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 19, 1917. 22 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Distribution of School Funds. Sec. 135. On or before the 31st day of March in every year, if there shall be any money to the credit of the income fund, for the use of public schools, in the state treasury, including the rents of the unsold school lands, the state su- perintendent of public instruction shall distribute such income among the several counties of the state according to the num- ber of children of school age in each, the same to be determined by reference to the last preceding annual reports furnished to the state superintendent of public instruction by the several county superintendents of schools. Such moneys so distributed shall be paid to the county treasurer of each county by the state treasurer, upon the requisition to that effect by the state superintendent of public instruction, which said requisition shall state the county entitled thereto, together with the amount, and the fund out of which it is paid; and the super- intendent of public instruction shall at the same time notify each superintendent of schools that such distribution has been made; such requisition shall be accompanied by a warrant of the auditor upon the treasurer covering the amount of the requisition in each case, and the superintendent of public instruction shall file such requisition with the auditor and a copy of the same with the treasurer. Upon such distribution being made and said money being paid to the respective county treasurers, the county superintendent of schools in each county shall cause such money to be distributed among the several school districts in the county pro rata in the same manner and in the same proportion as the regular county school tax is re- quired by law to be distributed. Provided, however, That any law with reference to the distribution of the county school tax which provides for a certain amount to be paid to each school district before the pro rata distribution of the balance is made shall not apply in the case of the distribution of said money; Provided, further, That no apportionment from said state fund shall be made to any school district for a year in which a school has not been maintained therein for at least three months. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 53, Sec. 1 ; R. S. 1899, Sec. 93.] Board of Trustees. Sec. 413. The government of the university shall vest in a board of nine trustees to be appointed by the governor, three, and only three, of -whom shall at all times be residents of the county of Albany, together with the president of the university and the state superintendent of public instruction, as members ex-officio, as such having the right to speak, but not to vote. [S. L. 1890-91, Ch. 75, Sec. 3.] SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 23 Board Who Members. Sec. 436. The governor, the secretary of state, the state treasurer, the state auditor and the state superintendent of public instruction shall constitute and shall hereafter be known as the state board of charities and reform. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 34, Sec. 1.] Secretary of Board. Sec. 443. The superintendent of public instruction shall be secretary of the board, and shall keep a careful record of the transactions of the board in a substantial and bound book, to be kept for that purpose, and which shall be known as the records and proceedings of the state board of charities and reform ; he shall countersign all papers, instruments, or docu- ments approved, made, or directed by the board ; he shall also, for the board and under its direction, make a biennial report to the governor, during the month of December in each even numbered year, showing clearly and succinctly the condition of all institutions under the control or supervision of said board, whether general or direct, giving the number of inmates there- in, their ages, sex, condition, religious belief, conduct, and all other matters pertaining thereto, and such report shall also contain such recommendations as the board may see fit to make to the governor, or the legislature, as shall tend to ameli- orate the condition of the inmates of such institutions, that may tend to prevent crime, and as the claims of humanity and the public good may require. [S. L. 1903, Ch. 5, Sec. 1.] School Land Board. Sec. 602. The governor, secretary of state, state treas- urer and superintendent of public instruction, being consti- tuted a board of land commissioners by the provisions of sec- tion thirteen, article seven, of the constitution of the state, they shall, as such board, have the direction, control, lease and disposal of all lands heretofore or hereafter granted to the state for tHe support and benefit of public schools. Said board shall be officially known and designated as "the state board of school land commissioners," and shall have power and au- thority to take such official action, as may be at any time neces- sary, in making the selection of lands granted to the state for public school purposes, or to secure to the state the transfer and title of any such lands. [S. L. 1903, Qi. 78, Sec. 1.] COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. Sessions Laws, 1913. Chapter 40. Sec. 1. Must Hold Teachers' Certificate. No county su- perintendent of schools shall receive compensation out of any 24 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING public fund for his services as county superintendent of schools until he has filed with the board of county commissioners a Wyoming teachers' certificate of as high a rank as first class, in full force and effect; and the said county superintendent of schools shall be required to have such certificate in full force and effect during his term of office to entitle him to compensa- tion out of public funds. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Oath and Bond Prohibited from Teaching. Sec. 1296. There shall be in each organized county a su- perintendent of public schools, who shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, take the oath prescribed by the constitu- tion and give bond to the state of Wyoming in the penal sum of five hundred dollars for the faithful performance of all duties required of him by law as such superintendent, to be approved by the board of county commissioners, and together with his certificate of election and oath, filed in the county clerk 's office ; Provided, That no person shall at the same time hold the positions of county superintendent of public schools and teacher in any public school in his or her county. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 1898.] Salary. Sec. 1297. County superintendents of schools shall re- ceive the following annual salaries: In counties of the first class nine hundred dollars, in counties of the second class seven hundred and fifty dollars, in counties of the third class six hundred dollars, and in counties of the fourth class five hun- dred dollars, together with their actual and necessary traveling expenses, while engaged in the discharge of their official duties, the account for which expenses, before being allowed, shall be stated in separate items, accompanied by vouchers, or receipts, for all items amounting to five dollars or more, and otherwise made conformable to the law. [S. L. 1901, Ch. 18.] * Duties. Sec. 1298. The duties of the county superintendent shall be as follows: He shall on or before the fourth Monday of July in each year, transmit to the superintendent of public instruction a report containing an abstract of the several par- ticulars set forth in the report of the district clerks, together with a statement of the financial affairs of his office, and such suggestions as he shall think proper, relative to the schools of his county ; he shall distribute to the districts within his county *Note: Amended and reenacted by Ch. 156, S. L. 1915. SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 25 such blank forms, circulars and other communications as may be transmitted to him for that purpose by the superintendent of public instruction. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 15, Sec. 3.] Office and Records of County Superintendent of Schools. Session Laws, 1913, Chapter 24. Sec. 1. Office at County Seat. It shall be the duty of the board of county commissioners, in each county of the state of Wyoming, to provide an office for the county superintendent of schools at the county seat, suitably equipped for properly transacting the duties of the office of county superintendent, and the county superintendent shall keep his office open such days and parts of days as may be in his judgment for the mutual advantage of himself and his patrons. Sec. 2. Records. It shall be the duty of the county su- perintendent of schools to keep on file in his office, a full and complete record of the official transactions of his office, includ- ing copies of all reports received by him in his official capacity and made by him to the state superintendent of public instruc- tion. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Note. See also Sections 1995, 1996, 1997, pages 52, 53. Session Laws, 1915, Chapter 159. That Section 1 of Chapter fifty-two, Session Laws of Wyo- ming of 1913, be amended and re-enacted so as to read as follows : Clerk to Certify Number of Teachers. Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the clerk of the board of trustees of each school district, including high school district, to file with the county superintendent of schools of the county within which such school district lies, on or before the first day of July each year, a certificate showing the number of teachers employed within said school district during the pre- ceding year; Provided, that after the year 1913 every teacher for whom credit shall be claimed in such certificate must have been engaged in teaching in said district for at least six school months during the said school year, or in conjunction with a predecessor shall have taught for said period; Provided that in a school district continuing a high school up to that time previously conducted by a high school dis- trict, of which it was a part, the six months service in the district of each high school teacher employed shall be esti- mated by crediting the teacher with the time of service im- mediately preceding, or in conjunction with the predecessor. 26 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING with time of service in the school year preceding as teacher in said High School District ; And provided further, that no credit shall be claimed for a teacher in a grade school where the average number of pupils in attendance during the preceding school year has been less than six pupils per teacher, nor for a teacher in a high school where the average attendance has been less than ten pupils per teacher. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved March 5, 1915. Session Laws, 1913, Chapter 52. Sec. 2. Duty of County Superintendent. It shall be the duty of the said county superintendent to verify and correct said certificate and on or before the first day of August in each year to file with the county clerk a certificate showing the number of said Jteachers during the preceding school year in each of the school districts, including high school districts, in the county. Sec. 3. That Section 7 of Chapter 106 of the Session Laws of 1911 be amended and re-enacted to read as follows : "Section 7. County School Tax Limit. It shall be the duty of the board of county commissioners of each county to levy a general school tax upon all property within the county in an amount sufficient to raise three hundred dollars for each teacher within said county as certified to by the county super- intendent of schools ; Provided, That said levy shall not exceed three mills upon the dollar. ' ' Sec. 4. That Section 1299, Wyoming Compiled Statutes of 1910, as amended by Section 1 of Chapter 90, Session Laws of 1911, be amended and re-enacted to read as follows: "Section 1299. Apportionment of Taxes. On the first Monday of February in each year, commencing with the year 1914, the county superintendent of schools shall apportion the county school tax and all money in the county treasury be- longing to the county school fund, including poll taxes, fines and forfeitures, among the several school districts, including high school districts, in proportion to the number of teachers within the respective districts during the preceding school year as determined by the certificate of the county superintendent of schools filed with the county clerk; he shall record a state- ment of such apportionment in his office and shall also notify the county treasurer of the same; he shall thereupon imme- diately draw an order on the county treasurer, in favor of the treasurer of each school district for the amount due it from SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 27 said funds, and transmit the same to the treasurer of the dis- trict, which draft the county treasurer shall pay to the treas- urer of the school district upon presentation, properly en- dorsed." Sec. 5. Supplementary Apportionment. That Section 1300, Wyoming Compiled Statutes of 1910, as amended by Chapter 90 of the Session Laws of 1911, be amended and re- enacted as follows: "Section 1300. Should no apportionment of .the school funds be made on the first Monday in February, as required in this chapter, the county superintendent of schools shall make an apportionment as soon thereafter as practicable, in the same manner as hereinbefore provided. He may also, at any time, make a supplementary apportionment of the money paid into the county school fund subsequent to the time of the first ap- portionment on account of taxes or poll taxes due for the pre- ceding year, such apportionment to be made in the same man- ner as provide*d in Section 1299." Sec. 6. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 7. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Session Laws 1913, Chapter 15. Sec. 1. Duplicate Remittance Slips. It shall be the duty of county superintendents of schools and county treasurers when remitting funds to school district treasurers to advise the clerks of such districts of each and every remittance by issu- ing duplicate remittance slips giving date and amount of re- mittance, sending one with remittance to the district treasurer and one to the district clerk. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. District Boundary Board. Sessions Laws 1913, Chapter 42. Sec. 1. Members and Duties. The county superintend- ent of schools and the board of county commissioners shall constitute a board for laying off their county into convenient school districts, such board to be styled "The District Boun- dary Board." Said board shall divide the county into school districts, and may alter and change the boundaries of the dis- tricts as formed from time to time as the convenience of the inhabitants of the aforesaid districts may require, and shall proceed to make such change, as in the judgment of the said board may seem wise, at any time when petitioned by a ma- 28 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING jority of the legal voters of all the districts whether organized and existing, or proposed which shall be affected by such divi- sion or change of boundaries. And the district boundary board shall abolish or join in a Contiguous district any school dis- trict in which no school has been maintained for twelve con- secutive months, and all funds to the credit of such district so abolished or joined to another district shall be returned to, and become a part of the general school fund of the county; Pro- vided, That nothing in this chapter shall be construed as to prevent the district boundary board from joining any school district, having less than eight pupils, to any other school dis- trict lying contiguous thereto, if, in the judgment of the board, it will be for the benefit of the public schools so to join such districts. Sec. 2. Chairman and Secretary. The chairman of the board of county commissioners shall act as chairman of the district boundary board. The board shall be authorized to transact business as a board when the county superintendent and two members of the board of county commissioners are present. The county superintendent of schools shall act as secretary of the district boundary board and shall keep an ac- curate record showing the boundaries of all the districts in his county so established and organized and any revisions or changes in boundaries made by the said board. Sec. 3. Notice to District Clerk. When the district boun- dary board shall have established a new district or shall have altered or changed the boundaries of any district or districts, the county superintendent shall promptly notify, in writing, the clerk of the district board in each of the districts so affected, giving in said notice the number of the district or districts affected and describing their boundaries. Sec. 4. Corporate City in One District. Whenever the district boundary board shall establish a new district or change the boundaries of existing districts, such establishment or change shall be made so as to keep all territory, embraced in any corporate city or village, in one school district, but the district boundary board may include in any such school dis- trict territory not within such corporate boundaries; and said boundary board is hereby authorized to change without pre- sentation of a petition, the boundaries of any school district or districts so that all the territory embraced in a corporate city or village shall be in one district. Sec. 5. Appeal. A majority of the voters in any dis- trict affected by the changed boundary, or a majority of such voters dissatisfied by the formation of any new district, shall have the right to appeal from the district boundary board to SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 29 the state superintendent of public instruction, whose decision shall be final in the matter. Sec. 6. Funds of New Districts. Whenever the district boundary board shall have formed or established a new district from districts already legally organized, the school board of such newly organized district may draw the public school funds for paying teachers or other necessary legal school ex- penses from the school treasury of the district from which it was separated until such a time as the newly organized dis- trict shall receive its proper apportionment of school moneys and taxes. In like manner, any district which is established from two or more districts may draw the proper school funds for payment of teachers or other necessary legal school ex- penses from the treasury of the districts to which the said new school district formerly belonged. Sec. 7. Sections Repealed. Sections 1301 and 1927 of the Compiled Statutes of 1910, and all other acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act, shall be, and are hereby repealed. Sec. 8. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Recommend Dismissal of Incompetent Teachers Visits. Sec. 1302. The county superintendent shall have the gen- eral superintendence of the schools of the county, and shall visit each school at least once in each term, and shall have power to recommend for dismissal all teachers he may find to be incompetent; Provided, That before any teacher shall be dismissed it shall be the duty of the superintendent to specify charges, in writing, against said teacher, and shall file the same with the board of trustees of the school district wherein said teacher is employed, and upon such charges a hearing shall be had in the presence of the board, and if in their judgment the charges as preferred are well sustained, then the said board may proceed to dismiss said teacher. [S. L. 1901, Ch. 56.] Failure to Make Report Penalty. Sec. 1303. Should he fail to make his reports, as required in this chapter, he shall forfeit the sum of one hundred dol- lars, and suit shall be brought on his official bond for the col- lection of the same, with damages, by the prosecuting attor- ney. [R, S. 1887, Sec. 3915.] Supervisory and Appellate Authority. Sec. 1304. He shall see that the annual report of the clerks of the several school districts in his county are made correctly and in due time, and shall hear and determine all 30 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING appeals from the decision of the district boards. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3917.] County Teachers' Institutes. Session Laws 1913, Chapter 44. Sec. 1. Section 1305 of the Wyoming Compiled Statutes 1910, is amended and re-enacted to read as follows : "Section 1305. County Teachers' Institutes. The county superintendent of schools shall hold annually at some con- venient place a county teachers' institute for the instruction and advancement of teaching. Said institute shall continue not less than four days nor more than eight days. The county superintendent shall preside at all meetings and shall deter- mine the time and place for holding such meetings. It shall be the duty of all teachers actually engaged in teaching or having either a written or verbal contract to teach in such county, to attend such institute, unless they shall have a writ- ten excuse signed by the county superintendent; and the state superintendent of public instruction may, at his discretion, upon the written complaint of the county superintendent, re- voke the certificate or refuse to grant a certificate to any teacher who refuses to attend the county institute held in ac- cordance with the provisions of this act ; Provided, That a cer- tificate signed by a regularly practicing physician of the in- ability of any such teacher to attend such institute, or the affidavit of two citizens of the county that said teacher was un- able to attend such institute because of storms, floods or other conditions beyond the control of said teacher, shall operate to exempt said teacher from the provisions of this act. Each teacher who attends institute shall be given by the county superintendent, a certificate setting forth the number of days of said institute such teacher shall have been in attendance, and the board of directors shall withhold the salary of any teacher who shall not produce the said certificate of attend- ance or an excuse from the county superintendent for the time that he should have been in attendance at the institute. , It shall be the duty of each district board to pay all teachers who attend such institute the same salary per day that would have been paid had the same amount of time been expended in teaching. It shall be the duty of the county boards of com- missioners in each county to appropriate annually, two hun- dred and fifty dollars ($250.00) in counties having an assessed valuation of more than five million dollars ($5,000,000.00) ; two hundred dollars ($200.00) in counties having an assessed valua- tion of more than two million five hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,000.00) ; one hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) in SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 31 counties having an assessed valuation of more than one mil- lion four hundred thousand dollars ($1,400,00.00) and not exceeding two million five hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,- 000.00), for the payment of such instructors or lecturers as the county superintendent may employ to assist in holding the county institute, and no part of the amount appropriated shall be paid out by the county commissioners to the lecturers or instructors or any other expense incurred by the county super- intendent for county institute purposes unless ordered by the county superintendent. Sec. 2. Joint Institutes. Two or more counties may, at the discretion of their county superintendents, unite for the purpose of holding a joint annual institute at such place as may be agreed upon by such superintendents, and all the provisions of Section 1305 shall apply to such joint institute. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. [S. L. 1913, Ch. 34.] May Appoint Deputies. Sec. 1306. In counties of the first, second and third class, the county superintendent, by and with the consent of the board of county commissioners, may appoint deputy county superintendents, to be paid by the county a compensation of three dollars per diem while actually engaged as such deputy. Provided, however, That in no case shall the amount so ap- propriated by any county for such deputy exceed the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, in any one year. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 46, Sec. 1.] Session Laws 1913, Chap. 53. Sec. 2. Duty of the County Superintendent. It shall be the duty of the county superintendent of schools to cause the subjects prescribed in the course of study to be taught in the public schools of his county and the work of instruction to be pursued as planned therein ; Provided, That a principal or superintendent of schools in any district who has supervision over three or more teachers may amend and change the course of study prescribed by the state superintendent of public in- struction in such manner as will, in his judgment, apply more directly to the local conditions of such district. Except elimi- nation of the prescribed subjects. Sec. 3. City Superintendent and Others Report Failure. It shall be the duty of the several city superintendents of schools in the state and of the clerk and board of directors of all other educational institutions receiving aid from the state, to report to the county superintendent of schools any failure or neglect on the part of the board of trustees of any school 32 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING district, or the board of directors of any educational institution receiving aid from the state, to make proper provision for the teaching of those branches prescribed in the state course of study issued by authority and through the office of the state superintendent of public instruction in any or all of the schools or other educational institutions under their charge, or over which they have jurisdiction. Sec. 4. Eligibility to Share in Annual Apportionment. The county superintendent shall apportion annually his coun- ty's share of the state school land income fund only to those districts in which the subjects prescribed in this act have been taught as required, the county superintendent determining from the annual report of the district officers the eligibility of the districts to share in the apportionment. Sec. 5. Repeal. Sections 1963 and 1964, Compiled Stat- utes of Wyoming, 1910, and all other acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act, shall be, and are hereby, repealed. Sec. 6. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. [S. L. 1913, Ch. 53.] COUNTY LIBRARIES. Tax to Be Levied Amount. Sec. 1316. When the county commissioners of any county have received proper and sufficient guarantees, whether in the form of conveyances, or bonds of citizens, or associations or corporations, that a suitable place will be permanently fur- nished for the protection and use of a public library as a con- dition precedent to their own action, under the provisions of this chapter, it shall be their duty to levy annually a tax of not less than one-eighth of a mill nor more than one-half of a mill on the dollar on all taxable property in the county, for the establishment and maintenance of a public library to be located at the county seat of such county. And whenever a suitable place is furnished without rent for the use of any county library, the directors thereof shall have the power to pay such incidental expenses as may be necessary in keeping in repair and properly janitored, lighted, heated and cared for, the place so furnished, and to pay the expense thereof out of the taxes levied hereunder. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 45, Sec. 1.] How Tax Levied and Collected. Sec. 1317. The tax authorized by the preceding section shall be levied and collected at the same time and in the same manner as other county taxes of such county are levied and SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 33 collected, and the whole amount so collected shall be set apart and shall be designated the county library fund; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed into author- izing any additional levy to that now authorized by law. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 45, Sec. 2.] Board of Directors Appointment. Sec. 1318. The control and use of said library fund shall be entrusted by the county commissioners of any county to three competent and responsible citizens of the county, to be appointed by said commissioners and to constitute a board of directors for this purpose. As soon as appointed they shall in- corporate as a body, with an appropriate name. They shall serve without compensation and the treasurer of the board shall give bonds, to be approved by the county commissioners, for the faithful performance of his duties. It shall be their duty, upon notification from the county commissioners that a library fund is at their disposal, to expend so much of the said fund as shall be found available, in the purchase of books, fur- niture, salaries of librarian and assistants, and incidental ex- penses for the library herein provided to be established; Pro- vided, That the books so purchased shall be of a kind best suited to inform the mind and improve the character of the reader; that neither sectarian nor professional books shall be purchased out of such fund, and that not exceeding twenty-five per centum of such fund so expended shall be used for the pur- chase of works of fiction; the said trustees appointed by the county commissioners shall hold office, one-third for one year, one-third for t\vo years, and one-third for three years from the 1st day of July following their appointment, and at their regular meeting shall cast lots for the respective terms ; and annually thereafter the county commissioners shall, before the 1st day of July of each year, appoint, as before, one director to take the place of the retiring director, who shall hold office for three years and until his successor is appointed. The county commissioners may remove any director for misconduct or neglect of duty. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 686; S. L. 1907, Ch. 45, Sec. 3.] Donations Location of Library Librarian. Sec. 1319. The said board of directors is authorized to re- ceive donations of real estate, money or books, in aid of the establishment or maintenance of the library, for which said directors are hereby made responsible, and, as trustees of the donor, shall carefully observe the conditions accompanying every such gift, and if any incorporated literary or library association shall donate to such county library, property equal 34 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING in value to one thousand dollars, or shall annually contribute to its resources a sum exceeding two hundred and fifty dol- lars in money, such association shall be entitled to name one person to be an associate member of said board of trustees, who shall have all the rights, privileges and responsibilities of the other members thereof. When no provision can be made for otherwise furnishing the library with the necessary accommo- dations for its books and other publications, without expense to the library fund arising from the public tax, it shall be the duty of the board of school trustees or directors of the school district embracing the county seat, to provide accommodations for them in the best situated school building over which such board of school trustees have control. The board of directors shall also appoint a competent person to have the immediate charge of the library, with such duties and compensation for services as they shall fix and determine. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 45, Sec. 4.] Libraries to Be Free. Sec. 1320. Every library established and maintained un- der the provisions of this chapter shall be free to all residents of the county to which it belongs, on the condition that such persons comply with such rules and regulations for the safety and management of the library as the board of directors shall prescribe, which rules and regulations may be enforced by legal proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction; Pro- vided, That in the management of the library, the best possible provision shall be made for the convenient use of the books thereof by the residents of such county residing out of the town wherein the library is situated. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 45, Sec. 5.] Board of Directors Use of Books. Sec. 1321. It shall be the further duty of such board of directors to keep a careful record of all its doings, with dupli- cate vouchers for all expenditures, one set of such vouchers to be kept in the office of the secretary of the board of direc- tors, the other to be filed with the county commissioners at the end of each calendar year. The board of directors shall also, at the end of each year, report to the county commis- sioners all the important transactions for the previous twelve months, specifying in each report the sum of money received from the county library fund, also the moneys and property re- ceived from other sources, the use and disposition made of such moneys and other property, the number of books and other publications then in the library, the number of books and other SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 35 publications added by purchase and gift during the year, as well as the number of books lost and missing, the number, title and cost of books, maps and charts purchased out of the county library fund, the number of books loaned out, with the gen- eral character of such books, the number of persons who have drawn books from the library during the year, and the num- ber of visitors thereto, together with such other facts deemed of public interest, a copy of which report shall be furnished by the clerk of said board of county commissioners for pub- lication in at least one paper of general circulation in the county. Only persons resident of the county shall be allowed to obtain a loan of books from the library, and in every case when books are lost or destroyed by such parties, or withheld from the library by such persons, then in that event such per- sons shall be responsible for the loss of such book or books, and the value of said book or books may be recovered by proper action at law in any court of competent jurisdiction in the county. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 45, Sec. 6.] PUBLIC INDEBTEDNESS. Indebtedness in Excess of Constitutional Limit, Void. Sec. 1353. Any indebtedness created after February 21, 1899, in excess of the limitation of the constitution, by any county, city, town, village, or other sub-division of the state of Wyoming in any current year, defined as from the first Mon- day in January of one year to the first Monday in January of the next year ensuing, in excess of that authorized by the con- stitution of the state and for the payment of which there are no available revenues, during such current year, shall as against such county, city, town, village, or other sub-division of the state, be void and of no effect, but any officer who shall par- ticipate in creating such indebtedness, and the sureties on his official bond, shall be personally liable to the holder, or holders, of such indebtedness as fully as if such indebtedness had been contracted for his individual benefit. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 89.] SCHOOL DISTRICTS ORGANIZATION AND GOVERN- MENT. Notice of Formation of New District. Sec. 1926. Whenever a school district shall be formed in any county, the county superintendent of schools in such county shall, within fifteen days thereafter, prepare a notice of 36 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING the formation of such district, describing its boundaries and stating the number thereof, and appointing a time and place for the district meeting. He shall cause the notice, thus pre- pared, to be posted in at least five public places in the district, at least ten days before the time appointed for such meeting ; and when a joint district is derived from portions of two or more counties, the county superintendent of each county, from which any portion of the new district is taken, shall unite in giving the customary notices and the new district shall be num- bered by the superintendent of the county having the highest number of districts. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3918.] First Election of Trustees Officers of District. Sec. 1928. The qualified electors of a school district, when assembled in accordance with the notice required in section nineteen hundred and twenty-six, shall organize by appointing a chairman and a secretary who shall act as judges of election. They shall then by ballot elect three trustees possessing the qualifications of electors of said district, and the name of each elector shall be recorded- by the secretary, and they shall hold their office until the next succeeding annual district election and until their successors are elected and qualified. The said trustees shall constitute a board of directors for the district and shall, as soon as they are qualified, choose from their number a director, treasurer and clerk of the district. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 77, Sec. 1.] Oath of Directors. Sec. 1929. All directors of the board shall, within ten days after their election, appear before some justice of the peace or other person qualified to administer oaths, and take an oath for the faithful performance of their duties and in accordance with law, and shall, without delay, transmit a copy of said oath in writing to the county superintendent of schools. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 77, Sec. 2.] Annual Election of Trustees District Officers. Sec. 1930. Except as otherwise provided by law, there shall be elected in each organized school district meeting on the first Monday in May of each year, one trustee, who shall hold his office for three years and until his successor is duly elected and qualified. If, for any cause, the annual election should not be held at the regular annual meeting, a special meeting may be held for that purpose if so specified in the notice for said special meeting. The trustees together shall constitute a board of directors for the district, and shall, im- mediately after they are qualified, elect one of their number a SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 37 director, treasurer and clerk of the district. At the first reg- ular annual election after a school district is organized there shall be three trustees elected, one to hold his office for the term of three years, and one to hold his office for the term of two years, and one for the term of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified, and thereafter at each such annual meeting there shall be one trustee elected as afore- said, for the term of three years, as successor to the outgoing member of the board, and all of said trustees herein men- tioned shall possess the qualifications of any elector in said district, and shall be elected by ballot, and the name of each elector voting for trustee shall be recorded by the secretary of the meeting, and such record shall be filed with the district clerk. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 77, Sec. 3.] Election of Trustees Where Number Increased to Six. Sec. 1931. In all school districts in this state containing a population of one thousand or more, the number of trustees may be increased to six at any annual school election held hereafter, if the majority of the electors at such annual meet- ing, upon taking a vote by ballot, so decide. The electors shall then proceed by ballot to elect one trustee for one year, one trustee for two years, and two trustees for three years. At all annual elections held thereafter there shall be elected two trustees, who shall hold their office for three years, or until their successors are elected and qualified. [S. L. 1897, Ch. 38.] School District Seal. Sec. 1932. It shall be the duty of every board of school directors so increased to six members to provide, at the ex- pense of their district, and for said district, a seal, upon which shall be engraved the words " School District No , County, Wyo.," stating the number of the district, and the county in which it is situated. The seal shall be in possession of the clerk of the district. It shall be affixed to all communications or notices required by law to be sent or published by such school board, and to all warrants drawn upon the treasurer of the district. [B. S. 1887, Sec. 3923.] School District to Be Body Corporate. Sec. 1933. Each school district formed under the pro- visions of this title is hereby declared to be a body corporate by the name and style of "School District No , in the County of and State of Wyoming;" and in that name it may hold property and be a party to suits and contracts. [B. S. 1887, Sec. 3925.] 38 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Regular Meetings of District. Sec. 1934. The fiscal year shall end on the 30th day of April and the annual school meeting of each school district shall be held on the first Monday of May in each year. And, when present, the director and clerk shall preside as chairman and secretary, respectively, of such meeting. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 15, Sec. 1.] Powers of District Meeting. Sec. 1935. The qualified electors of the district, when as- assembled, shall have power: 1. To appoint a chairman and secretary, in the absence of the regular officers. 2. To adjourn from time to time, as occasion may re- quire. 3. To determine the number of schools which shall be established in the district, and the length of time each shall be taught. 4. To fix the site of each school house, taking into con- sideration in doing so, the wants and necessities of the people of each portion of the district. 5. To vote such sum of money as the meeting shall deem sufficient for any of the following purposes: To supply any deficiency in the fund for the payment of teachers; to pur- chase or lease a suitable site for a school house, or school houses to build, rent or purchase a school house, or school houses, and keep in repair and furnish the same with the necessary fuel and appendages ; for procuring libraries for the schools, books and stationery for the use of the board and district meetings ; and for the payment of all other contingent expenses of the district. 6. To direct the sale or other disposition to be made of any school house, or the site thereof, and of such other prop- erty, real or personal, as may belong to the district; and to direct the manner in which the proceeds arising therefrom shall be applied. 7. To vote a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars in any one year, to procure a district library, consisting of such books as they may direct any person to procure. 8. To delegate any and all powers specified in the fore- going sub-divisions to the district board; Provided, That the district board shall not have power to vote or raise money as provided in sub-division five. 9. To transact generally such business as may tend to promote the cause of education in accordance with the pro- visions of this and succeeding chapters. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3927 ; SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 39 S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 12; S. L. 1890, Ch. 77, Sec. 5; S. L. 1903, Ch. 63 ; S. L. 1905, Ch. 91, Sec. 1.] Note: Bonds may not be voted at regular district meeting unless special notice is given. See Chapter on School District Bonds, page 59. Objects in Voting Money to Be Designated. Sec. 1936. In voting money, the district meetings shall designate the respective objects for which the same is raised, and the amount to be raised for each object, and the aggre- gate amount shall be assessed and collected, as provided by law. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3928.] Meeting May Adopt Rules of Order. Sec. 1937. They may adopt rules of order, not incom- patible with the provisions of this chapter and the instructions of the superintendent of public instruction, for the government of district meetings, and may alter and change the same from time to time as occasion may require, and may prescribe the manner of taking the sense of the meeting upon any question ; Provided, That the last specification shall not apply to the elec- tion of officers. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3929.] Transfer of School Funds. Sec. 1938. In all cases where there are moneys belonging to the school house fund, remaining in the hands of the dis- trict treasurer of any school district, and the board of directors thereof are satisfied that such moneys are not required to build a school house or school houses, in said district, or repair or furnish the same, such moneys may be transferred and accred- ited to the teachers' fund, and applied to the payment of teachers. And the board may also in like manner transfer a surplus of the teachers' fund to the fund for building school houses when required. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3930.] Manner of Conducting Annual Meeting Election of Trustees. Sec. 1939. At the regular district meeting of school dis- tricts in each year, at the time now provided by law for the election of trustees, such district meeting shall be opened by proclamation of the trustees, at the hour named in the pub- lished or posted notice for the meeting. And the order of business at such meeting shall be : 1. Reading and consideration of the report of the clerk and treasurer. 2. Voting of money to be raised by special tax. 3. Election of trustee or trustees. 4. Miscellaneous business. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 73, Sec. 1.] 40 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Qualification of Electors. Sec. 1940. All school district elections shall be carried on as provided by law, and the qualifications of voters at such elections shall be the same as at any other election, and in ad- dition thereto, such voter shall be in possession of a tax re- ceipt, from the tax collector of thecounty in which such elec- tion is being held, showing that such voter is a property owner in such school district ; Provided, however, That the tax quali- fication mentioned in this section shall apply only to questions of special school tax appropriations of money and bonding such school district. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 179; R. S. 1899, Sec. 536; S. L. 1905, Ch. 68, Sec. 1.] Directors Shall Qualify. Sec. 1941. Said directors shall qualify in the manner pre- scribed for directors elected upon the formation of a new school district ; and in case they neglect or refuse to do so they shall be subject to the same penalty. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3934; R. S. 1899, Sec. 538.] Meeting of Board. Sec. 1942. The board of directors may hold such regular, special or adjourned meetings as they may from time to time determine. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3935.] Powers and Duties of District Board. Sec. 1943. The district board shall make all contracts, purchases, payments and sales, necessary to carry out every vote of the district, for procuring any site for a school house, renting, repairing or furnishing the same, and disposing there- of, or for keeping a school therein, and performing such other duties as may be delegated to them by the district meeting. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3936.] Members of Board May Administer Oaths. Sec. 1944. The trustees of school districts are hereby sev- erally authorized to administer oaths within their respective counties in any and all matters pertaining to their respective districts and the business thereof, where an oath is or shall be required by law. [S. L. 1897, Ch. 4.] Authority of Board to Remove Scholars. Sec. 1945. The district board shall have power to admit scholars from adjoining districts, and remove scholars for dis- orderly conduct; and when scholars are admitted from other districts the district board may, in their discretion, require a tuition fee from such scholars. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3937.] SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 41 When Board to Advertise for Bids. Sec. 1946. Whenever any school house is to be built or any repairs, addition or improvement costing more than two hundred dollars, made to any school house or district property, the board of directors of the district shall advertise for bids for such work, and in all cases contract the same to the lowest responsible bidder. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3938.] Settlement with Treasurer Report to District Meeting. Sec. 1947. They shall, from time to time, examine the books and accounts of the treasurer, and make settlement with him, and shall, at each regular meeting of the district, present to the same a full statement of the receipts and expenditures of the district and such other matters as may be deemed im- portant. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3939.] Visiting Committee. Sec. 1948. They shall appoint a committee from their own body to visit the respective schools of the district monthly, and to aid the teachers in establishing and enforcing rules for the government of schools, and see that the teachers keep a correct list of the pupils, the time which they attend school, the branches of learning which each is studying, and such other matters as may, in the opinion of the board, tend to promote the welfare of the school. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3940.] Auditing and Payment of Claims. Sec. 1949. They shall audit and allow all just claims against the district, and the directors shall draw an order for all demands thus audited, on the district treasurer. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3942.] Special District Meetings Requisites of Notice. Sec. 1950. They shall, upon the written request of five legal voters of the district, or whenever they deem it expedient, call special meetings thereof; but in all such cases, the notice of such meeting shall clearly state the precise object for which it is called, and time and place at which it is to be held. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3942.] Vacancy on Board of Trustees How Filled. Sec. 1951. In case a vacancy in any district school board shall be caused by the resignation, death or otherwise of any one of its members, such vacancy shall be filled by appoint- ment of the district board, and said appointee may legally hold such office until the next annual school election following said appointment, but no longer, and at the annual election said vacancy shall be filled in the same way and manner as 42 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING authorized by law for the annual election of school trustees. [S. L. 1901, Ch. 58.] Bond of District Treasurer. Sec. 1952. The district treasurer shall give bonds to the district in such penalty and with such sureties as the board of the county commissioners shall direct and approve, condi- tioned for the faithful application of all money which may come into his hands by virtue of his office; Provided, Said bonds shall not exceed one and one-quarter times the amount of all the school moneys handled by the treasurer in any one year. Said penalty may be increased from time to time as the interests of the district may require. The said bond, after being approved by the board of county commissioners, shall be filed with the county treasurer, and it is hereby made unlawful for the county treasurer to pay over any sums of money out of the school fund to any district treasurer until such bond shall have been approved and filed as herein provided, and in case of a breach in the conditions of said bond, suit shall be brought thereon by the board of county commissioners of the county in which the district is situated, for the benefit of said district. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3945.] Establishment of High Schools. Sec. 1953. The county superintendent and district board of directors may determine whether a school of a higher grade shall be established in the district, the number of teachers to be employed, and the course of instruction to be pursued therein, until the meeting of the teachers' institute, provided for by law, at which time the institute shall determine the studies to be pursued in all schools of like grade. in the state; and the superintendent of public instruction shall have the same power to carry into effect the determination of the in- stitute, as is provided in other cases ; and the board may erect, for the purpose, one or more permanent school houses, and shall cause such classification of the pupils as they may deem necessary; but in selecting the site for such school house or school houses the permanent interest and future welfare of the people of the entire district shall be consulted. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3946.] Note. This refers particularly to the district high school, and not to the high school as formed in accordance with S. L. 1905, Ch. 67. Separate School for Colored Children. Sec. 1954. When there are fifteen or more colored chil- dren within any school district, the board of directors thereof, with the approval of the county superintendent of schools, may SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 43 provide a separate school for the instruction of such colored children. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3947.] Employment and Payment of Teachers. Sec. 1955. The district board shall employ all teachers necessary for the schools of the district, and pay them by draft on the treasurer. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3948.] Free to All Children Compulsory Education. Sec. 1956. The public schools of each school district of the state shall at all times be equally free and accessible to all children resident therein over six and under the age of twenty- one years, subject to such regulations as the district board in each district may prescribe. Every parent, guardian or other person in this state having control or charge of any child or children between the ages of seven and fourteen years, in- clusive, shall be required to send such child or children to a public, private or parochial school, or to two or more of these schools, each school year, during the entire time that the pub- lic school shall be in session in the district in which the pupil resides. Provided, That exceptions may be made in the fol- lowing cases: (1) Invalids or others to whom the school room might be injurious, may upon receipt of a physician's certifi- cate be excused by the district board. (2) Pupils to whom the provisions of this act might work a hardship may be ex- cused by the written consent of the district board when a re- quest stating the reason for such excuse is presented by the parent or guardian to the district board. (3) Pupils who for legal reasons have been excluded from the regular schools and no provisions made for the schooling of such children. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 31, Sec. 1.] Duty of Officers Truancy. Sec. 1957. It shall be the duty of the sheriff of each county and of every deputy sheriff and constable within their respective precincts and of any truant officer, if there be any, to see that the provisions of sections 1956, 1957 and 1958 are complied, with, and when from personal knowledge, or upon reports or complaints of any resident or teacher of the county, or precinct, or district under his supervision, he believes that any child subject to the provisions of said sections is habitually tardy or absent from school, he shall immediately give writ- ten notice to the parent, guardian or custodian of such child that the attendance of such child at school is required by law, and if within five days after such notice such parent, guardian or custodian does not comply with the provisions of this act, then such officer shall make and file complaint against such 44 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING parent, guardian or custodian of any such child before a justice of the peace of the proper county, or the district court, for a violation of said provisions. Provided, That only one notice shall be required as to any child in any one year. Any such parent, guardian or custodian of any such child who shall vio- late the provisions of said sections, and after receiving such notice as aforesaid, and shall fail to comply with the provisions thereof, shall be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not less than five dollars and not more than twenty-five dollars for any one of- fense, to which may be added in the discretion of the court, imprisonment in the county jail of not more than ninety days for any offense after the first. Any district board of a school district in which there is located a city or town of more than 2,500 inhabitants, may appoint a regular truant officer to carry out the provisions of said sections, who shall be paid out of the district treasury such sum as shall be provided in the order for his appointment, not exceeding, however, the sum of four dol- lars for each day of actual service. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 93, Sec. 2.] Enumeration Delinquent Pupils. Sec. 1958. On the first day of school in each school dis- trict it shall be the duty of the clerk thereof to furnish to the sheriff or constable within the proper precinct, a list of the names of children of compulsory school age within the district who are enumerated on the regular enumeration lists. At the close of the first week of school in such district, it shall be the duty of each teacher therein to send to the county superin- tendent of schools a complete list of pupils attending his or her school, which list shall be immediately forwarded by said county superintendent to the proper sheriff, deputy sheriff, constable or truant officer, in order that the provisions of this and the two preceding sections may be duly .executed ; and it shall be the further duty of the teacher, or principal, if there be any, when a pupil has been absent for three consecutive days, for which absence there has been, in the teacher's judg- ment, no good reason assigned, or when a pupil is habitually absent or tardy, to make written report to the truant officer of the district concerning such delinquency, and it shall then be the duty of said officer to proceed according to section 1957. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 31, Sec. 2.] School Offenses Defined Penalty. Sec. 1959. Any person who shall use insulting and abusive language to and toward any teacher in or about any public school house, or who shall wilfully disturb any public school or district meeting, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 45 and, upon conviction, shall be fined in any sum not less than five dollars, and not exceeding one hundred dollars. Any person who shall wilfully break, cut, deface, despoil, injure, damage or destroy any school property, or who shall cut, mark, write or otherwise place or put on, or cause to be placed or put upon, any school property, any language or pictures or figures or signs of an obscene character, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall pay a fine of not less than five dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars. The said fines shall be paid into the treasury of the school district in which the offense was committed. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sub-Div. 2, Sees. 1-2.] School Week and Month Denned. Sec. 1960. Five days school constitute a school week, and twenty days a school month; and it shall be understood that school is not to be kept in operation on Saturdays or any holi- day, but if a holiday fall upon a day which would otherwise be a school day, it shall be counted as though taught. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 159.] School Officers Shall Not Be Agents for School Supplies Penalty. Sec. 1961. Neither the state superintendent, or any per- son in his office, nor any county superintendent, nor school district officer, nor any officer or teacher connected with any public school, shall act as agent or solicitor for the sale of any school books, maps, charts, school library books, school fur- niture, apparatus or stationery, or furnish any assistance to, or receive any reward therefor, from any author, publisher, bookseller or dealer, doing the same. Every person violating this section shall forfeit not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars for each offense, and be liable to removal from office therefor. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sub-Div. 3, Sec. 2.] State Treasurer Shall Keep School Fund. Sec. 1962. The state treasurer shall keep a separate fund to be known as the "school fund," and all moneys appropri- ated for school purposes shall be kept in such fund. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sub-Div. 3, Sec. 3.] Discrimination on Account of Sex or Religious Belief Prohibited. Sec. 1965. In the employment of teachers in the public schools in this state, no discrimination shall be made in the question of pay on account of sex, nor on account of the re- ligious belief of the applicant for the position of teacher, when 46 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING the persons are equally qualified, and the labor is the same. [S. L. 1890-91, Ch. 21.] Examinations Required. Sec. 1966. No certificate shall be granted hereafter to any person to teach in the schools of Wyoming, who shall not pass a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3972.] Note. This is interpreted not to apply to those who have shown that efficiency to render them eligible to secure certificates without ex- amination. Teacher's Report. Sec., 1967. It shall be the duty of the teacher of every district school, or graded school, to make out and file with the district clerk, at the expiration of each term of the school, a full report of the whole number of scholars admitted to the school during such term, distinguishing between male and fe- male, the names of such scholars, the number of days each scholar attended the same, the aggregate number of days of at- tendance of said schools, the text-books used, the branches taught and the number of pupils engaged in the study of each of said branches. Any teacher who shall neglect or refuse to comply with the requirements of this section, shall forfeit his or her wages for teaching such school, at the discretion of the district board. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3973.] Refusal to Deliver Records to Successor Penalty. Sec. 1968. Every school district clerk, or treasurer, who shall neglect ^ or refuse to deliver to their successors in office, all records and books, belonging severally to their offices, shall be subject to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3974.] Employment of Counsel. Sec. 1969. In all cases where suits may be instituted by, or against, any of the school officers contemplated or created by law, to f enforce any of the provisions herein contained, counsel may be employed, if necessary, by the officer insti- tuting the suit, and the expense of the suit shall be borne by the district, county or state in whose name, or against whom, the same may be instituted. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3975.] Collection and Disposition of Fines. Sec. 1970. All fines, penalties and forfeitures provided by the school laws may be recovered by action in the name of the people of the state of Wyoming, for the use of the proper SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 47 school district or county, and when they accrue, belong to the respective districts or counties in which the same may be ac- crued ; and the treasurer of such districts, and the county com- missioners of such counties are hereby authorized to receive and apply the proceeds of such forfeiture as the interest of the permanent fund is now, or may hereafter be, applied. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3976.] Officer Failing to Pay Over Money Penalty. Sec. 1971. Any officer or person collecting or receiving any fines, forfeitures or other moneys and refusing and fail- ing to pay over the same as required by law, shall forfeit double the amount so withheld, and interest thereon at the rate of five per cent, per month during the time of so withholding the same. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3977.] Effect of Change in County Boundaries on School Districts. Sec. 1972. If by any act of the state legislature changing the boundary line* or lines of any county or counties, or form- ing new counties from counties already formed, any legally organized school district is or has been separated from the county to which it then belonged and is or has been joined to another county, the members of the school board of such school district so separated from one county and joined to an- other county, shall hold their respective offices until the next annual school election following said change in county boun- daries ; and until such annual school election said school board may draw the public school funds for paying teachers, or other necessary legal school expenses from the school teasury of the county to which said school district formerly belonged, and in the same way and manner as said board would have drawn and expended said public moneys had no change in county boundaries been made. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3978.] State Treasurer Authorized to Receive Donations for Schools. Sec. 1973. Whenever the state of Wyoming shall be en- titled to receive any moneys or funds from the United States of America, or from any other source or authority, to be ex- pended for the benefit of the public schools of the state, or held or in any manner applied for their benefit, the state treas- urer is hereby authorized to receive and receipt for such moneys or funds, and to make such application and use of the same as may be required by law. Should such moneys or funds be donated to the state, and should the act of donation require such moneys or funds to be applied or held, or used in a particular manner, they shall be so applied. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3981.] 48 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Liability of Treasurer for School Money. Sec. 1974. The state treasurer shall faithfully account for all moneys or funds received pursuant to the foregoing section, and he and his sureties upon his official bond shall be liable for any failure to so account for such moneys or funds. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3982.] School Board May Establish Manual Training Schools. Sec. 1975. The school board of any district in the state shall have power to establish and locate industrial and manual training schools in connection with the public schools of said district, [S. L. 1895, Ch. 88.] Humane Treatment of Animals Taught. Sec. 1976. There shall be taught in the public schools of Wyoming, in addition to the other branches of study now prescribed, a system of humane treatment of animals, as em- bodied in the laws of Wyoming; such instruction to consist of not less than two lessons of ten minutes each per week. The principal or teacher of every school shall certify in his or her reports that such instruction has been given in the school under his or her control. [S. L. 1901, Ch. 8.] DISTRICT OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES. Director to Preside at Meetings and Countersign Orders. Sec. 1977. The director, when present, shall preside at all meetings of the board of the district, and countersign all orders on the treasury for the payment of money. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3951.] How Drafts and Orders Drawn. Sec. 1978. All drafts and orders drawn on the district treasurer, as required in the foregoing section, shall specify the funds on which they are drawn, and the use for which the money is designated, and shall be signed by the district clerk. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3952.] By Whom District to Appear in Actions. Sec. 1979. The director shall appear in behalf of his dis- trict in all suits brought by or against the same; but when he is individually a party, this duty shall be performed by the clerk. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3953.] , Duties of Clerk. Sec. 1980. The clerk shall record all the proceedings of the board and of the district meetings in books to be kept for SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 49 that purpose, and report in writing to the county superintend- ent of schools the name of the director and treasurer imme- diately after they are chosen or elected, and he shall preserve copies of all reports made to the county superintendent, and shall file all papers transmitted to him, by school officers or other persons, pertaining to the business of the district, and shall sign all drafts, warrants and orders drawn by him. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 77, Sec. 4.] Clerk to Certify Debt Limit. Sec. 1981. The clerk of each school district of each county shall endorse a certificate upon every bond or evidence of debt issued pursuant to law, that the same is within the lawful debt limit of such school district, and is issued according to law. He shall sign such certificate in his official character. [S. L. 1890-91, Ch. 43, Sec. 2.] Clerks Shall Keep Accounts. Sec. 1982. The district clerk shall keep an accurate ac- count of all the expenses incurred by the district, and shall present the same to the district board, to be audited and paid as herein provided, out of the school fund. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3955.] Notice of District Meetings. Sec. 1983. The district clerk shall give ten days previous notice of all regular and special meetings of the district, herein authorized, by posting up a written notice in three different places therein, and shall furnish a copy of the same to the teachers of each school in the district, to be read once in the presence of the pupils thereof. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3956.] Duty District Clerk. Sec. 1984. The district clerk shall immediately after the annual school meeting and not later than the fourth Monday in May in each year, submit a report to the county superin- tendent for the past year ending April 30th next preceding. 1. Of the number of schools taught in such district, the number of days each scholar attended the same, and the ag- gregate number of days of attendance of said school respec- tively, as certified by the teachers of the several schools of such district. 2. The number of schools and the branches taught in each. 3. The number of pupils in each school, and of each sex, 4. The number of teachers employed in each school and the average compensation of each per month. 50 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 5. The number of days the school has been taught, and by whom. 6. The average cost of tuition for a pupil, per month, in each school. 7. Books used in each school. 8. The number of volumes in the library of each school. 9. The aggregate amount paid teachers during the year, the source from which the same was received, and the amount of teachers' fund in the hands of the treasurer. 10. The number of district school houses and the cost of each. 11. The amount raised in the district by tax for the erec- tion of school houses, and for other purposes authorized by law, and such other information as he may deem useful. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 15, Sec. 2.] Failure to Make Report Penalty. Sec. 1. Should the clerk fail to file his report, as above directed, he shall forfeit the sum of twenty-five dollars, and shall be liable to make good on his official bond, all loss re- sulting to the district for such failure, and it shall be the duty of the prosecuting attorney to bring suit in both cases upon complaint by the county superintendent of schools, whose duty it shall be to make the complaint. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. [S. L. 1913, Ch. 92.] Note. Local authorities may, at their discretion, require this bond. Duties of the Treasurer Publication of Report. Sec. 1986. The treasurer shall have the custody of all moneys belonging to the district, and shall pay out the same upon the order of the clerk, countersigned by the director ; and shall keep an account of the receipts and expenditures thereof, in a book provided for that purpose. He shall cause to be pub- lished in some newspaper of general circulation in the county wherein such school district is situate, on the first week of July in each year, a full and true report of the receipts and disbursements of said district for the year next preceding such report. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3959.] Teachers' Fund. Sec. 1987. The moneys for the payment of teachers shall be called the " teachers' fund," and the treasurer shall keep distinct and separate accounts with them; and no warrant for money shall be paid by the treasurer which does not specify SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 5l the fund on which it is drawn, and the specific use to which it is to be applied. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3960.] School House Fund. Sec. 1988. The school house fund shall consist only of taxes collected in the district ; and other school moneys he- longing to the district shall go to the teachers' fund, and shall be applied to no other use except to pay the wages of school teachers in the district. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3961.] Treasurer to Receive District Money. Sec. 1989. The district treasurer shall apply for, and re- ceive all money apportioned to the district, by the county superintendent, when notified of said apportionment. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3962.] Treasurer to Render Statement on Request. Sec. 1990. The district treasurer shall render a statement of the finances of the district as shown by the records of his office, at any time when required by the district board. [R. S. 1887, Sec. 3963.] Flag to Be Displayed on School House. Sec. 1991. It shall be the duty of the trustees, at the ex- pense of such district, in each school district in the state of Wyoming, to cause the American flag to be placed in a proper and suitable manner upon each sehool house, flag staff or tower, in such respective school districts in the state of Wyo- ming. And they shall cause said flag to be hoisted upon each of said school house or school houses, flag staff or tower, in such respective districts, during the time when school shall be in session. [S. L. 1903, Ch. 83, Sec. 1.] Annual Enumeration Children. Sec. 1992. It shall be the duty of the board of trustees of each school district in this state to cause to be made during the month of April in each year a full and true enumeration of all children of school age, to-wit: those between the ages of six and twenty-one years, in their respective districts. Such enumeration shall be in duplicate and in such form as may be prescribed by the state superintendent of public instruction, and shall set forth and state the name, age, sex and residence of each child enumerated, and the same shall bear a certificate signed by all or a majority of the trustees of such school dis- trict to the effect that it has been examined by the board of trustees of such district and found to be according to the best judgment and belief of the subscribers a full, true and correct enumeration of all the children of school age in their district. 52 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING One of the duplicate copies of said enumeration shall be filed by the clerk of the school district with the other papers and records of the district in his custody and the other shall by said clerk be transmitted to the county superintendent of schools of his county on or before the fourth Monday of May in each year. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 41, Sec. 1.] Employ an Enumerator. Sec. 1993. The board of trustees of each district shall, if in its judgment it is necessary so to do, have power to employ a suitable person or persons for such time as may be actually necessary to make such enumeration for such district and re- turn the same to the said board ; such person so employed shall before commencing the making of such enumeration take, sub- scribe and file with the district clerk an oath in writing to the effect that he will faithfully, diligently, truly and to the best of his skill and ability perform his duty as such enumerator. [S. L. 1903, Ch. 91, Sec. 2.] False Enumeration Penalty. Sec. 1994. Any trustee of any school district or any enu- merator employed to make or assist in making the enumera- tion for any district who shall knowingly and wilfully make any false enumeration of the children of school age in such district or who shall certify to the correctness and truthfulness of any such enumeration knowing the same to be false, incor- rect and untrue, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on con- viction thereof shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than ten days nor more than thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. [S. L. 1903, Ch. 91, Sec. 3.] Failure to Enumerate Penalty. Sec. 1995. In the event that the board of trustees of any school district should fail, neglect or refuse to make or cause to be made such enumerations as hereinbefore provided for in the event that the clerk of any district shall fail, neglect or refuse to transmit to the county superintenndent of schools on or before the fourth Monday in May of each year the duplicate copy of the enumeration of his district as hereinbefore pro- vided, then and in either of such cases it is hereby made the duty of the county superintendent of schools to cause such enumeration to be made on or before the third Monday in June following at the expense of the school district, and to that end the said superintendent shall have all the power hereinbefore conferred upon the board of trustees for that purpose, and for SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING S3 the purpose of paying the expense of such enumeration the said superintendent is hereby authorized and directed to issue to the person making such enumeration an order upon such school district for the amount due such person and upon pre- sentation of such order it shall be the duty of the director and clerk of such district to issue a warrant upon the treasurer of the district for such amount. Provided, however, That in the event that such enumeration shall be made because of the failure, neglect or refusal of the clerk of the district to transmit a duplicate copy of an enumeration which had been made, then and in such case the said clerk shall be liable to his school district for the cost and expense of the enumeration made by the county superintendent, and the said district may, by an ac- tion at law recover of and from such defaulting clerk the cost thereof, together with costs and attorney's fees. Provided, further, That if such enumeration by the county superintend- ent be rendered necessary because of the neglect or failure or default of any members of the board of trustees in the per- formance of the duties by this or the three preceding sections enjoined upon them, then and in such case such defaulting members shall be jointly and severally liable to the school district for such cost and expense ; and the same, together with costs and attorney's fees, may be recovered by the district in an action at law from such defaulting members of the board. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 41, Sec. 2.] County Superintendents Duty Report. Sec. 1996. It shall be the duty of the county superintend- ent of schools to compile the said reports of the enumeration of children of school age in the several school districts of his county reported to him as hereinbefore provided and there- from to ascertain and determine the number of children of school age in his county, and at the time of making his annual report to the state superintendent of public instruction he shall include in such report a statement of the number of children of school age in his county as shown by such enumeration. [S. L. 1903, Ch. 91, Sec. 5.] Distribution of State School Funds. Sec. 1997. It shall be the duty of the county superintend- ent of schools in distributing to the several school districts of his county the funds or moneys apportioned and distrib- uted to his county for school purposes by the state superin- tendent of public instruction. Provided, however, That no por- tion of the funds apportioned to any county by the state super- intendent of public instruction for school purposes shall be 54 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING apportioned by the county superintendent of schools to any district for the year in which a school has not been maintained for at least three months. [S. L. 1903, Ch. 91, Sec. 6.] PUBLIC KINDERGARTEN. Power of Trustees to Establish Kindergarten. Sec. 1998. The board of trustees of any school district in this state shall have power to establish and maintain free kindergarten schools in connection with the public schools of their district, for the instruction of children residing in such district and between the ages of four and six years, and shall establish such courses of training, study and discipline and such rules and regulations for the government of such kindergarten schools as said board may deem advisable; Pro- vided, That the cost of establishing and maintaining such kin- dergarten schools shall be paid from the special school fund of said school district, and the gross sum to be so expended by the said board for such kindergarten schools shall be annually fixed and determined by the qualified electors of such district at the annual meeting of such electors. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 50, Sec. 1.] Shall Be Part of School System Teachers. Sec. 1999. The said kindergarten schools shall be a part of the public school system and governed as far as practicable in the same manner and by the same officers as is now, or here- after may be provided by law, for the government of the pub- lic schools of this state; Provided, however, That teachers of the kindergarten schools shall be the holders of certificates or diplomas from some reputable institution for the training of kindergarten teachers, and shall pass such other examination and possess such other qualifications as may be required by the board of trustees of the district employing them. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 50, Sec. 1.] Law Not Changed in Reference to Apportionment. Sec. 2000. Nothing in this chapter shall be so construed as to, in any manner, change the law, as it now exists, with ref- erence to the taking of the census of the school population, or the apportionment of the state and county school funds among the several counties and districts in this state. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 50, Sec. 1.] How Carried Into Effect. Sec. 2001. That for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this chapter, it shall be lawful for the quali- SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 55 fied electors of any school district in the state at the annual meeting held under the provisions of existing law, to vote such sum of money as may be necessary to establish and main- tain such kindergarten schools, during the school year next following such meeting, such sum in the aggregate not to exceed one mill upon the dollar of the valuation of the prop- erty in the district, as determined by the next preceding an- nual assessment thereof for the purposes of taxation, the same to be certified, levied, collected and disbursed in the same man- ner as is now provided by law with respect to the special school funds of the several school districts in this state. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 50, Sec. 2.] FREE TEXT BOOKS. Text Books in Public Schools. Sec. 2002. The board of school directors in city or county are hereby empowered, and it is made their duty, to purchase all text-books necessary for the schools of such city, town or district; and they are further authorized to enter into con- tract, as hereinafter provided, with the publishers of such books for a period of years, not to exceed five; Provided, That the contract prices of such books shall not exceed the lowest price then granted to any dealer, state, county, town- ship, school district, or other individual or corporation in the United States, to be determined as hereinafter provided; and Provided, further, That such contract shall guarantee to such district any further reduction that may be granted elsewhere during the life of such contract. Said boards are hereby em- powered to purchase, as a book of reference for use in their schools, the History of Wyoming, in three volumes, of which C. G. Coutant is the author, and "The Sabbath as an American War Day," in one volume, of which W. P. Carroll is the au- thor ; Provided, That the price paid for the said work shall not exceed the price paid therefor by subscribers generally. Pro- vided, That no school trustee or officer of the district shall be interested in any way, directly or indirectly, in the sale of school supplies in the district in which he is a director. [S. L. 1901, Ch. 38.] Books Paid for from Public School Land Income Fund. Sec. 2004. The books to be purchased under the pro- visions of this chapter shall be paid for by the directors of the different school districts of the state, out of the public school land income fund, when the same shall be distributed to such districts annually. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 11.] 56 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Books Paid for by Order on District Treasurer. Sec. 2005. For the purpose of paying for school books, the school district officers may draw an order on the district treasurer for the amount of school books ordered. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 3.] Orders From What Funds Paid. Sec. 2006. The district treasurer shall pay orders drawn by school district officers for the purpose of school books out of any funds in his hands belonging to the district, except the. money belonging to the teachers' fund. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 4.] Publisher Becoming Member of Trust Nullifies Contract. Sec. 2007. Any contract entered into under the provi- sions of this chapter with any publisher who shall hereafter be- come a party to any combination or trust for the purpose of raising the price of school text-books shall, at the wish of the school board of the district using such books, become null and void. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 5.] Attorney General Must Investigate Violation of Contracts. Sec. 2010. Upon the filing of a written complaint with the state superintendent of public instruction by the officers of any district board, charging any publisher with violating the provisions of such contract as hereinbefore mentioned, the attorney general is hereby instructed, and it shall be his duty, to investigate the same, and if he finds probable cause for action, he shall immediately begin proceedings in the name of the state to enforce the liability on the bond hereinbefore men- tioned. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 8.] Books Property of District. Sec. 2011. All books purchased by district boards, as hereinbefore mentioned, shall be held as the property of the district and loaned to pupils of the school while pursuing a course of study therein, free of charge; but the district board shall hold such pupils responsible for any damage to, loss of, or failure to return such books at the time and to the person that may be designated by the board of such district. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 9.] Pupils May Purchase Books. Sec. 2012. The provisions of this chapter shall include all school supplies; Provided, That nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit any pupil or parent from purchasing from the board such books as may be necessary, at cost to the district; Provided, further, That the board may designate SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 57 some local dealer to handle books for the district with such an increase above contract price to pay cost of transportation and handling, as may be agreed upon between said board and said dealer. [S. L. 1899, Ch. 29, Sec. 10.] TEACHERS. Certification of Teachers NOTE. See Bulletin No. 1 of the State Board of Education, re- lating to Certification of Teachers. Certification Division. 33. The power to make rules and regulations pertaining to the certification of teachers, excepting insofar as is herein provided by statute, shall be vested in the State Board of Education, who shall create a Certification Division of the State Department of Education and appoint the chief officer of this division (who) shall be a person of high professional qualifica- tions and of broad experience in educational work, and shall be held responsible for the work of his division. Duties. Examinations. Credentials. 34. Provision shall be made for two methods by which certificates may be obtained, namely, through examination and upon credentials, and these two ways of obtaining certificates shall be made as nearly as possible of equivalent standards. All forms of certificates shall be issued from the office of the Com- missioner of Education, upon the recommendation of this Division, and a register of these certificates shall be kept on file at .this office. It shall be the duty of the Certification Division to prepare and recommend to the State Board of Education a list of approved institutions whose graduates may receive certificates without examination. The Division shall also provide for the recognition of certificates granted in other States. All certificates shall be State certificates and valid in all counties of the State, subject to registration, as provided by law. Examinations shall be uniform as to lists of questions, dates of holding, and rules and regulations governing these matters in the various counties. The county superintendent of schools shall cooperate with the Certification Division in ad- ministering all examinations, reporting grades, and distributing certificates in their respective counties. Examinations . Applications . Fee. 35. The Certification Division shall determine the number of examinations to be given each year, and publish announce- 58 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING ments for the year at least six months in advance of the date of the first examination to be given during the year, but the Certification Division may provide for examinations whenever deemed advisable. Certificates granted on credentials may be applied for at any time, such application to be made through the office of the county superintendent of schools in accordance with such rules as the State Department may prescribe. Every applicant for a certificate to be granted upon examination, credentials, or renewal, shall pay such reasonable fee, as may be prescribed by the State Board of Education. Classes of Certificates. 36. The State Board of Education through its Certifica- tion Division shall provide for the following classes of certifi- cates: (1) Elementary City School Certificates; (2) Rural School Certificates; (3) High School Certificates; (4) Admin- istrative Certificates; (5) Special Certificates. Certificates Registered in County. 37. All certificates must annually be registered at the of- fice of the county superintendent of schools in the county wherein the holder shall intend to teach the ensuing year. Be- fore such certificate can be registered the holder of each must furnish satisfactory evidence of having complied with the rules and regulations of the State Board of Education with refer- ence to professional study. Failure to comply with the regis- tration law shall invalidate the holder's certificate, and such person shall not be entitled to receive pay for teaching, pro- vided, that exception to this regulation may be permitted by the State Board of Education upon the written application of a district board. Certificates Revoked. 38. The State Board of Education through the Certifica- tion Division shall have power to revoke a teacher's certificate upon evidence of gross neglect of duty, incompetency, im- morality, or other reprehensible conduct. Such evidence must be presented in written charges and no certificate shall be re- voked without a personal hearing unless the holder thereof shall refuse or fail to appear for such hearing. Certificate Necessary for Compensation. Sec. 2020. No person shall teach or supervise a public school in the state of Wyoming and receive compensation there- for out of any public fund who at the time of rendering such services is not a holder of a certificate granted under the pro- visions of this chapter. [S. L. 1909, Ch. 33, Sec. 8.] SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 59 SCHOOL DISTRICT BONDS. Note. School trustees are urged when considering the issuance of school bonds, to consult with local attorneys. Authority to Call Election to Determine Issue. Sec. 2028. The board of school trustees of any school district may, whenever a majority thereof so decide, submit to the electors of the district the question whether the board shall be authorized to issue the coupon bonds of the district to a certain amount, not to exceed two per cent of the taxable property in said district, and bearing a certain rate of interest, not exceeding six per cent per annum, and payable and re- deemable at a certain time, not exceeding twenty-five years, for the purpose of building one or more school houses in said district, and providing the same with necessary furniture, and funding outstanding indebtedness evidenced by warrant or otherwise, against said district. [S. L. 1897, Ch. 41.] . Bond Election Issue of Bonds. Sec. 2029. Such elections must be held in the manner prescribed for general or special elections in school districts, and the ballots must contain the words "Bonds, yes," or "Bonds, no." If the majority of the votes at such election are "Bonds, yes," the board of trustees must issue such bonds in such form as the board may direct; they must bear the signatures of the president of the board of trustees and be countersigned by the clerk of the school district, and bear the district seal and be countersigned by the county treasurer, and the coupon attached to the bonds must be signed by the presi- dent and clerk and the county treasurer. And each bond so issued must be registered by the county treasurer in a book provided for that purpose, which must show the number and amount of each bond, and the person to whom the same is issued, and the said bonds must be sold by the said school trustees, as provided in section two thousand and thirty. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 2.] Sale of Bonds Application of Proceeds. Sec. 2030. The school trustees must give notice in some newspaper of general circulation, published in the capital of this state, and also in some newspaper published in the county in which said school district is located, for a period of not less than four weeks, to the effect that the said school trustees will sell said bonds, briefly describing the same, and the time and place where such sale will take place ; Provided, That the said bonds must not be sold for less than their par value, and the 60 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING said trustees are authorized to reject any bids, and to sell said bonds at private sale, if they deem it for the best interests of the district ; and all money arising from the sale of said bonds must be paid forthwith into the treasury of the county in which said district may be located, to the credit of said district, and the same shall be immediately available for the purpose of building or providing the school house, or school houses, au- thorized by this chapter. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 3.] Pledge for Payment. Sec. 2031. The faith of each school district is solemnly pledged for the payment of the interest, and the redemption of the principal of all bonds which are issued under this chap- ter. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 4.] Tax Levy to Redeem and Pay Interest. Sec. 2032. The board of county commissioners of the proper county of each district must ascertain and levy annual- ly, the tax necessary to pay the interest as it becomes due, and a sinking fund to redeem the said bonds at their maturity ; and said tax is a lien upon the property in said school district, and must be collected in the same manner as other taxes for school purposes. Said tax shall be known as "district bond tax of school district No " [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 5.] Redemption. Sec. 2033. When the sum in the sinking fund equals or exceeds the amount of any bond then due, the county treasurer shall post in his office, a notice that he will, within thirty days from the date of such notice, redeem the bonds then payable, giving the number thereof, and the preference must be given to the oldest issue ; and if, at the expiration of the said thirty days the holder or holders of said bonds shall fail or neglect to present the same for payment, interest thereon must cease; but the treasurer shall, at all times thereafter, be ready to redeem the same on presentation, and when any bonds are so purchased or redeemed, the county treasurer must cancel the same by writing across the face of each bond in red ink, the word "cancelled," and the date of such cancellation. The annual interest on all of said bonds shall be payable at the office of the treasurer of the proper county on the first and ten succeeding days of January in each year. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 6.] Payment of Interest. Sec. 2034. The county treasurer may pay out of any moneys belonging to a school district tax fund, the interest upon any bonds issued under this chapter by such school dis- SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 61 trict, when the same becomes due, upon the presentation at his office of the proper coupon, which must show the amount due, and the number of the bond to which it belonged, and all coupons so paid, must be reported to the school trustees at their first regular meeting thereafter. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72. Sec. 7.] Preparation of Bonds. Sec. 2035. The school trustees of any district shall cause to be printed or lithographed at the lowest rates, suitable bonds, with the coupons attached, when the same become necessary, and pay therefor out of any moneys in their treas- ury. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 8.] Penalty for Misapplication of Funds by Trustees. Sec. 2036. If any of the school trustees fraudulently fail or refuse to pay into the proper county treasury the money arising from the sale of any bonds provided for by this chap- ter, they shall be deemed guilty of felony, and upon conviction thereof, be punished by imprisonment in the state penitentiary for a term of not less than one year, nor more than ten years. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 9.] County Treasurer Shall Have Custody of Funds. Sec. 2037. The county treasurer of such county shall have the custody of all funds realized from the sale of said bonds, until the same are drawn out by the order of the board of directors of said districts. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 10.] Additional Bond of County Treasurer. Sec. 2038. The board of trustees of said district shall require the said county treasurer to give said district a separ- ate bond in such sum as said board may deem proper, with two or more sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faithful per- formance of the duties required of him by this chapter, and the faithful accounting for the moneys deposited with him and realized from the sale of said bonds, as herein provided for, and such bonds shall be approved by said board and shall be and remain in the custody of said board of trustees. [S. L. 1888, Ch. 72, Sec. 11.] REFUNDING SCHOOL DISTRICT BONDS. Power of Board to Issue Refunding Bonds. Sec. 2039. The board of directors of each and every school district in the state of Wyoming are hereby authorized to issue refunding bonds of such school district, for the purpose 62 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING of taking up outstanding bonds of such school district, for any sum not exceeding the amount of outstanding bonds; Provided, That the qualified electors of any school district shall so elect and determine at any regular meeting, or at any special meeting, held for such purpose. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 1.] Form of Bond, Time and Interest. Sec. 2040. Said bonds shall be issued in sums of not less th*an one hundred dollars, and shall be reedemed by the school district issuing the same within a period not exceeding thirty years, and not less than five years from the date of issue, and shall bear interest at a rate not exceeding six per centum per annum, on each dollar of their face, which interest shall be payable annually or semi-annually, the rate of interest to be determined by the board of school directors. Such bonds shall be numbered from one upwards, and be headed "Refunding bonds of school district No , in the county of , state of Wyoming"; and before being issued shall be registered by the treasurer of the county within which such school dis- trict is situated. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 2.] Registration of Bond. Sec. 2041. The county treasurer of each county shall keep a book in which shall be registered all such bonds, showing the number of the bond, the date of issue, amount, number of coupons, date of redemption, date of registry and payment of interest on such bonds, which book shall, during business hours, be open for inspection. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 3.] By Whom Signed and Sale Thereof. Sec. 2042. All bonds so issued shall be signed by the presiding officer of the board of directors of such school dis- trict, countersigned by the county treasurer of the county in which such school district is situated, and attested by the clerk of such school district, with the seal of such school district attached; and none of such bonds shall be sold for less than their face value, and shall not be sold until thirty days' notice shall have been given in some newspaper of general circulation in the state of Wyoming. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 4.] Coupons Where Paid. Sec. 2043. Said bonds shall have coupons attached, repre- senting the interest to be paid each year; and the coupons representing said interest shall be detached from the bonds before presentation for payment of the interest for the year corresponding and upon payment shall be forthwith cancelled SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 63 by the county treasurer, by writing the word "cancelled" across the face thereof. The interest on all such bonds shall be payable at the office of the county treasurer of the county in which such school district issuing such bonds is situated, or in any place designated by the board of school directors of such school district. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 5.] Tax to Pay Interest and Principal. Sec. 2044. There shall be annually levied by the board of county commissioners of the county, within which is sit- uated any school district issuing any such bonds, as are herein provided for, on all taxable property within the limits of said school district, a tax not to exceed seven mills on the dollar of valuation, which shall be known as the "Refunding bond fund of school district " Said tax shall be payable only in the lawful money of the United States, and shall be used to pay the interest and principal of said bonds, and for no other purpose, and said tax shall be collected in the same manner, and at the same time as the county taxes, and paid into the county treasury by the collector of taxes. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 6.] Duty of School Directors as to Redemption. Sec. 2045. The board of school directors of any school district, which may issue bonds, as provided in this chapter, shall each year, after the tenth year, retire as many of such bonds as can be redeemed, with the amount of said bond fund at the time in the hands of the county treasurer, and in all such cases, such bonds shall be redeemed by the payment of number one first, and proceeding continuously upwards with those outstanding. All cancelled bonds shall be turned over to the board of directors at such times as they may direct. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 7.] Property in District Pledged for Payment. Sec. 2046. All taxable property of any school district issuing bonds, as herein provided for, at the time of issuing such bonds, shall be pledged for the payment of the principal and interest of such bonds in the manner herein provided, and it shall not be lawful to use or divert any portion of such bond fund for any purpose whatever, except for the payment of such principal and interest. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 8.] Duty of County Treasurer. Sec. 2047. The county treasurer of each county in which any school district, issuing bonds as herein provided for, is situated, shall have custody of all funds realized from the sale 64 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING of such bonds, and shall pay the same out only upon the return of such bonds, for the redemption of which the refunding bonds, for the issue of which this chapter provides, may have been issued. Such bonds so redeemed shall be cancelled by the county treasurer and turned over to the board of school directors of the school district which issued said redeemed bonds at such time as they may direct. It shall be the duty of the county treasurer to give a separate bond to be made to such school district, in such sum and with such sureties as the board of county commissioners of the county may deem proper and sufficient, conditioned for the faithful accounting of the moneys deposited with him and realized from the sale of such bonds as are herein provided for, and such treasurer's separate bond shall be and remain in the custody of the county clerk of the county in which such school district is situated. [S. L. 1893, Ch. 10, Sec. 9.] Funds Realized from Sale of Refunding Bonds. Sec. 2048. Whenever any school district shall have issued its refunding bonds, and the funds realized from the sale of such refunding bonds, by reason of such bonds selling for more than their par value, are more than sufficient to redeem all the bonds, to redeem which said refunding bonds were issued, such surplus may be used : First, to pay all the expense of issuing and disposing of said refunding bonds. Second, any surplus still remaining shall be turned by the county treas- urer into the "Refunding bond fund" of such school district, and used for the purposes for which such fund is used as pro- vided in section two thousand and forty-four. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 10, Sec. 1.] Balance in the Hands of County Treasurer How Used. Sec. 2049. Whenever any school district shall have issued its refunding bonds and there remains in the hands of the county treasurer of the county in which said school district is situated, any moneys belonging to the funds provided by law for the payment of the principal or interest, or both, of the bonds to redeem which said refunding bonds were issued, said money may be used: First, to pay any deficiency in the expenses of issuing and disposing of said refunding bonds that cannot be paid by the surplus realized from the sale of said refunding bonds. Second, any moneys still remaining in said fund shall be turned by said county treasurer into the "Re- funding bond fund" of such school district and used for the purposes for which such fund 'is used as provided in section two thousand and forty-four. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 10, Sec. 2.] SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 65 Surplus How Used. Sec. 2050. The county treasurer of any county in which is situated a school district that may issue refunding bonds, is hereby authorized and required to pay out the surplus mon- eys derived from the sale of any such refunding bonds, or the surplus moneys remaining in the old fund for the expenses incurred by such school district in issuing and disposing of such refunding bonds on orders of the school board of such school district, which orders shall state on their face that the money to be so paid was a legitimate expense incurred in the issue and sale of such refunding bonds. When all of such expense has been paid by the issue of such orders or otherwise, the board of directors shall, over the seal of said district, notify said county treasurer of the fact that all the expense incurred in the issue and sale of such refunding bonds has been paid, whereupon said treasurer shall immediately transfer all mon- eys remaining in his hands applicable to the payment of in- terest or principal of the old bonds to the "Refunding bond fund ' ' of such school district ; Provided, however, That all the bonds to redeem which said refunding bonds were issued have already been paid. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 10, Sec. 3.] HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT. High School Districts. Sec. 2051. That for the purpose of affording better edu- cational facilities for pupils more advanced than the studies provided in the district schools existing in the several counties in this state, and in addition to such school districts as are now organized, or which may hereafter be formed under the laws for the creation and formation of the same, there may be organ- ized and established a high school district and a free high school therein on conditions and in the manner hereinafter prescribed, the territorial extent of which may embrace any number of present organized and constituted school districts, the qualified electors of which may vote to become a part of such high school district and participate in the maintenance and benefits of such high school organization. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 1.] Body Corporate. Sec. 2052. Each high school district which may be formed under the provisions of this chapter, is hereby declared to be a body corporate by the name and style of " High School, State of Wyoming," and in that name it may 66 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING hold property and be a party to suits and contracts. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 57, Sec. 1.] How Formed. Sec. 2053. Whenever one hundred freeholders in any ter- ritory sought to be organized into a high school district under the provisions of this chapter, a portion of which shall be free- holders of each school district intended to be embraced within such high school district, shall petition the board of county commissioners of the county within which such territory is, requesting the organization and establishment of a high school district under the provisions of this chapter, defining the boun- daries thereof, and describing the lands to be embraced therein, by townships and ranges or fractions of townships, the board shall, at their first meeting thereafter, give twenty days' notice by publication in the official paper of said county that the question of the creation of such high school district will be submitted to the electors of the territory so to be embraced in such high school district at a designated time, not to exceed thirty days from the expiration of the said twenty days ' notice, whether such high school district shall be created and estab- lished. In addition to said notice, the trustees in the several school districts embraced within such territory thus to be organized into such high school district, shall be notified by such board of county commissioners of the holding of said election immediately after the first publication of the notice provided for in this section. And it shall be the duty of said school trustees to post a copy of said published notice on the front door of each school house in their said respective districts of such impending election. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 34.] Election Called by County Commissioners. Sec. 2054. Such election shall be conducted in all respects the same as the election for school trustees, except that the said board of county commissioners shall call the election and that there shall be no registration of voters required or printed ballots furnished. Each school district to constitute a part of such high school district, shall constitute a voting precinct for the purpose of this chapter. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 4.] Failure Trustees to Open Election. Sec. 2055. If for any reason the trustees of any such school district fail to open such election in the manner pro- vided, then and in such event the qualified electors of such school district assembled at the time and place for holding such election shall organize by appointing a chairman and SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 67 secretary, who shall act as judges of such election. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 5.] Judges of Election. Sec. 2056. In school districts having six trustees, three of their number shall be designated by them to act as judges of such election, Jmt if for any reason they do not appear, the qualified electors of such school district there assembled may proceed to elect three persons having the qualifications of electors to act as judges thereat. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 6.] Election by Ballot. Sec. 2057. Said election shall be by ballot either written or printed and none but qualified electors of such school dis- trict shall be permitted to vote thereat. And the name of each person voting shall be recorded by the judges certified as such and return thereof made with the ballots as hereinafter pro- vided. Those in favor of the creation and organization of the high school district shall write or print on their ballots "For high school district." Those opposed to the creation and or- ganization of the high school district shall write or print on their ballots, "Opposed to high school district." [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 7.] Canvass. Sec. 2058. After the election the ballots on said question shall be canvassed in the same manner as for school trustees, except that the judges of such election in the different pre- cincts shall forward the returns by registered mail to the county clerk of the county to be canvassed and the result to be determined by the board of county commissioners. The work of canvassing the returns shall be expeditiously done, and if for any reason delay should occur in forwarding the returns from the different precincts or from any of them, the board of county ' commissioners shall see that the delayed returns are promptly obtained. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 8.] When Created Appointment First Trustees. Sec. 2059. When the returns of such election shall have been received by the county clerk, the board of county com- missioners shall proceed without delay to canvass the same, and determine and declare the result of such election, and enter the same upon their minutes. Such high school district shall be created, and said board of county commissioners shall declare the same to be composed of all precincts wherein a majority vote has been in favor of said proposition. The board of county commissioners shall give notice of the result of the 68 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING election, naming the territory embraced in such created high school district, as shown by the election and as provided in this section, and thereupon such territory shall at once be created and constitute such high school district. The board of county commissioners shall thereafter, by order duly en- tered, promptly proceed to appoint six persons possessing qual- ifications of electors within the described territory and tax- payers thereof, who shall, with the county superintendent as ex officio member thereof, constitute a board of trustees of said high school district. Each of such trustees so appointed shall hold office until the first Monday in May next following his appointment, and until his successor is elected and quali- fied and shall within ten days of his appointment qualify by taking the oath required of county officers, and giving bond as may be required by the county commissioners for the faith- ful discharge of his duties, whereupon said high school dis- trict shall become fully organized. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 57, Sec. 2.] Election of Trustees Time. Sec. 2060. The election of high school district trustees shall be held at the same time and place and in the same manner as trustees of other school districts except that in high school district elections the returns shall be made to the county clerk of the county, and the same canvassed, the result determined and declared by the board of county commissioners as in the organization of a high school district. The acting and quali- fied trustees of such high school district may, until otherwise provided by law, make rules and regulations to secure uni- formity in the nomination of candidates for such trustees ; Provided, however, That no such rules and regulations shall abridge the right of qualified voters to vote for any candidate they may desire for such trustee. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 57, Sec. 3.] Trustees Terms . Sec. 2061. There shall be elected in each high school dis- trict at the regular annual school election on the first Monday in May of each year, in the same manner as provided by law for the election of trustees for school districts, except as pro- vided in the preceding section, three trustees for such high school district, who shall hold office for a term of two years and until their successors are elected and qualified. On the next succeeding first Monday in May after the establishment of a high school district there shall be elected in said district six trustees, who shall be divided into two classes of three each. The term of those in the first class shall expire one year from the first Monday in May following their election, SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 69 and the term of those in the second class shall expire two years from the first Monday in May following their election. When a vacancy occurs in the office of trustees in said district by death, resignation, removal from the district or otherwise, the fact of said vacancy shall be immediately certified by the secre- tary, and such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by said board of trustees until the next annual election, at which time such vacancy shall be filled by election. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 11.] Quorum. Sec. 2062. A majority of such board of trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of all business, but four votes shall be required to decide any question. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 12.] Where Located. Sec. 2063. The high school in said district shall be located at the county seat of government whenever said county seat is within the territory constituting such district, and a high school may be located in any other district selected by the electors of said district. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 13; S. L. 1907, Ch. 57, Sec. 4.] Powers of Board Officers. Sec. 2064. At their first meeting in each year the trustees shall choose from their number a president and a secretary, who shall hold office for one year or until their successors are chosen and qualified. The county treasurer of the county wherein such high school district is, shall be the custodian of all funds available for such school purposes, under the provi- sions of this chapter. Payment shall be made by said treas- urer upon warrants, drawn against said funds duly signed by the president and secretary. The trustees shall have author- ity to make all necessary rules for the government of said high school not inconsistent with law, and shall possess all powers which may be delegated to the board of trustees in other school districts, at the annual meetings thereof. Such high school districts shall be recognized as one of the regular consti- tuted school districts of the county, and shall be entitled to and shall receive all the rights and benefits as such. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 14.] Tax Levy Bonds. Sec. 2065. At the first meeting of the board of trustees after any election in each year, or at any appropriate time, the said trustees shall make an estimate of the amount of funds 70 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING needed for building purposes, for the payment of teachers' wages and for the payment of contingent expenses, and they shall present to the board of county commissioners a certified estimate of the tax required to raise the amount desired for such purpose. But in no case shall the tax for such purpose exceed in any one year the amount of ten mills on the dollar on all taxable property in said district, and when the tax is levied for the payment of teachers' wages and contingent ex- penses only, it shall not exceed two mills on the dollar. Provided, That said trustees may, if in their judgment they think best, bond said district for the purpose of raising money necessary to build, equip a high school in said district, and to purchase a suitable site therefor. But no bonds shall ever be issued to pay teachers' salaries, or for the general expenses in maintaining said school, or, further, that no bonds shall be issued, by such district beyond the united bonding capability of the territory embraced within such district, tak- ing into consideration existing obligations thereof at the time of the creation of such high school district, nor shall the issuance of any such bonds impair any outstanding obligations of any portion of the territory embraced within such high school district. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 15.] Submission of Bonding Question to Electors. Sec. 2066. The board of trustees of the high school dis- trict, whenever a majority of the board shall so desire, may submit to the electors of said district the question of whether the board shall issue bonds of said district for the purchase or erection of a building for high school purposes and the equipment and for a suitable site therefor, provided that no such district shall be bonded for the above purpose in any amount to exceed $50,000.00 and provided such bonds must run a term of twenty-five years or less, but no longer, and provided any such issue of bonds shall not increase the school indebtedness of the territory of said district beyond the maxi- mum limit fixed by the state constitution. Said election shall be held in the manner prescribed in this chapter for the sub- mission of the question of the establishment of said high school district, except that the board of high school trustees shall officiate in the place of the board of county commission- ers in giving the notices for and in determining the result of said election. The ballot shall be in the form as follows: "Shall bonds be issued and sold to the amount $ . bearing per cent interest, for the purpose of purchas- ing a school lot and building a school thereon and to equip the same?" SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 71 "Bonds, Yes." "Bonds, No." The ballots herein provided for shall be printed and fur- nished in sufficient quantities at the different polling places for the use of the electors by the board of high school trustees. The elector shall prepare his ballot by crossing out thereon parts of the ballots in such a manner that the remaining part shall express his vote upon the question submitted. If a majority of the votes cast at such election are "Bonds, Yes," the board of high school trustees shall issue such bonds in such form as the board may direct and shall bear the signature of the president and the secretary of such board written in ink. The coupons attached to said bonds shall be signed in the same manner. Lithographic or fac simile signatures of the president and secretarj 7 may be affixed to the coupons only when so stated in the bonds. Each bond so issued shall be registered by the county treasurer in a book provided for that purpose, which shall show the number and amount of each bond and the person to whom same is issued. Said bonds shall be sold by said trustees in the manner provided for the sale of school dis- trict bonds, and the moneys arising from the sale thereof shall be paid into the treasury of the county to the credit of said high school district. The faith of the said high school district is solemnly pledged for the interest and redemption of the prin- cipal of the bonds issued under the provisions of this chapter. The county commissioners at the time of making the levy of taxes for county purposes shall levy a tax for that year upon the taxable property in said high school district for the interest and redemption of said bonds, and said tax must not be less than sufficient to pay the interest of said bonds for that year and such proportion of the principal as will come due during such year, and in any event must be high enough to raise an- nually for the first half of the term, (and) high enough to pay such annual interest and to pay annually a portion of the principal of said bonds equal to the sum pledged by taking the whole amount of said bonds outstanding and dividing it, by the number of years for which said bonds have to run, and all moneys so collected must be paid into the county treasury to the credit of said high school district and kept in a separate fund, and to be used for the payment of the principal and interest on said bonds, and for no other purpose. [S. L. 1905, Oh. 67, Sec. 16.] Payment of Bonds. Sec. 2067. Said bonds shall be paid, principal and inter- est, in the manner provided for the payment of school district bonds. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 17.] 72 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Estimate for Maintenance When Bonds Are Issued. Sec. 2068. In case bonds are issued, then the trustees, in making estimates for the maintenance of the high school, shall not include estimates for buildings or whatever said bonds are issued for. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 18.] Collection of Tax. Sec. 2069. The tax provided for in' Section 2065 shall be levied and collected in the same manner as other county taxes, and when collected the county treasurer shall place the same to the credit of said high school district. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 19.] Record of Proceedings. Sec. 2070. The said board of trustees of said high school district shall keep a record of all the official acts done by said board, shall keep a full record of all warrants issued against the moneys belonging to said high school district. Payments of money can only be made upon warrants drawn against funds belonging to said high school district and the warrants so drawn must specify upon their face the purpose for which funds called for by the warrants so issued. Said board of trustees of said high school district shall provide, at the ex- pense of their district and for said district, a seal, upon which shall be engraved the words " County High School, State of Wyoming," said blank space to contain the name of the county wherein is located such high school district. The seal shall be kept in possession of the clerk of said dis- trict. ( Said seal shall be affixed to all communications or no- tices required by law to be sent or published by said high school board and to all warrants drawn upon the treasurer of said high school trustees. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 57, Sec. 5.] Trustees Provide Suitable Buildings. Sec. 2071. The said board of trustees shall proceed as soon as practicable after their appointment and qualification to establish the high school contemplated by this chapter, and may at their discretion lease suitable buildings for the use of the high school while the new buildings are in process of erection, or may contract with the trustees of the local school district, or with other parties for the use of suitable buildings for such high school purpose, and for such time as may be deemed best for the interest of such high school district, and if at any time the qualified electors of such district shall vote bonds, as herein provided, said trustees shall select the best site that can be obtained and the title thereto, upon procuring such site, purchased or otherwise, shall vest in such high school SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 73 district under the name herein provided for and the trustees shall then proceed to make purchase of material and to build said building thereon, or to let such contracts for the neces- sary school buildings as they may deem proper. They shall not, however, make any purchase or enter into any contract whereby obligations are assumed in excess of the amount of funds on hand or available through the levy of taxes or the is- suance of bonds for the current year. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 21.] Employment of Faculty. Sec. 2072. After suitable buildings are secured as herein above provided for the carrying on of said high school, the trustees shall employ some suitable person to take charge of said school, who shall be known as principal of said school, and who shall possess such qualifications as may be prescribed by said board of trustees, except that said principal shall be required to possess at least five years' experience in teaching, and the trustees shall furnish such assistant teachers as they may deem necessary, and shall designate the salaries which shall be paid such principal and assistant teachers. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 22.] Government. Sec. 2073. The principal of any such high school, with the approval of the board of trustees, shall make such rules and regulations as may be deemed proper in regard to study, conduct and government of the pupils under his charge; and if any such pupil shall not conform to or obey the rules of the school, they may be suspended or expelled therefrom by the board of trustees. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 23.] Courses of Study. Sec. 2074. There shall be provided such courses of study as will prepare and fit a student attending such high school for admission to the university of this state, and such courses of study must be sufficient for such purposes. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 24.] Tuition Admission. Sec. 2075. Tuition shall be free to all pupils who are bona fide residents of said high school district. The board of trustees shall make such general rules and regulations as they deem proper in regard to age and grade of attainments es- sential to entitle pupils to admission to said school; Provided, That no person shall be admitted to such high school who shall not have passed a satisfactory examination, or who does not 74 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING hold an eighth grade common school certificate. If there shall be more applicants than can be accommodated at any one time, each district shall be entitled to send its proportionate number of pupils according to the number of pupils it may have as shown *by the last report of the county superintendent of schools, and the boards of the respective school districts shall designate such pupils as shall attend subject to the proviso above stated. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 25.] Admission of Pupils from Other Districts. Sec. 2076. If at any time the school can accommodate more pupils than apply for admission from the district, the vacancies may be filled by applicants from other counties or school districts, upon the payment of such tuition as the board of trustees may prescribe, but at no time shall such pupils re- main in said school to the exclusion of pupils residing in the district. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 26.] Mileage of Trustees No Compensation Reports. Sec. 2077. The trustees of said high school district who do not reside at the place where said high school is established are entitled to mileage in attending the meetings of the board. The trustees of said high school shall serve without compensa- tion, and the board shall make such reports from time to time as the county superintendent of schools or the state superin- tendent of public instruction may require. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 27.] Certificates of Graduation Admission to State University. Sec. 2078. Upon the presentation of a certificate of gradu- ation from any such high school within one year of the date of same, to any state institution of learning, the person pre- senting the same may be admitted without further examina- tion to said institution of learning; [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 28.] No Tuition to Bona Fide Residents. Sec. 2079. Such high school shall be free to all persons of school age, possessing the qualifications, who are bona fide residents of said high school district. [S. L. 1905, Ch. 67, Sec. 29.] Districts How Annexed. Sec. 2080. Whenever any "high school district" shall have been created in any county under the provisions of this chapter, and any school district in the county wherein said "high school district" is located shall not, at the time of the election on the establishment of such "high school district," SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 75 cast a majority vote in favor of such proposition, such school district may at any time thereafter become a part of such "high school district" in the manner hereinafter provided. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 58, Sec. 1.] Petition for Annexation. Sec. 2081. Whenever ten freeholders in any such school district mentioned in Section 2080 hereof, not incorporated within such high school district as mentioned in Section 2080 hereof, shall petition the board of county commissioners of the county wherein said school district is located to make such school district a part of such "high school district" as men- tioned in Section 2080 hereof, describing the lands embraced in said school district by townships and ranges, or fractions of townships, the said board shall, at their first meeting there- after, give twenty days' notice by publication in the official paper of said county that the question whether such territory shall be incorporated within said "high school district" will be submitted to the lectors of such school district at a desig- nated time, which shall not exceed thirty days from the expira- tion of said twenty days ' notice. In addition to said notice the trustees in said school district thus intended to be incorporated into the said "high school district" shall be notified imme- diately after the first publication of said notice by such board of county commissioners of the holding of such election, and it shall be the duty of said school trustees to post a copy of said published notice on the front door of each school house in said school district. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 58, Sec. 2.] Submission of Question. Sec. 2082. Such election shall be conducted in all respects as near as may be, as provided in Sections 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, and 2058, and the duties and acts to be performed shall be performed in the same manner, and by the same persons as therein specified. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 58, Sec. 3.] Returns Commissioners ' Action. Sec. 2083. When the returns of such election shall have been* received by the county clerk, of said county, the board of county commissioners shall proceed without delay to can- vass the same, determine and declare the result of such elec- tion, and enter the same upon their minutes, and if a majority vote of such school district has been cast in favor of incorporat-' ing such school district within said "high school district," then such school district shall at once become a part of and be incorporated within such "high school district" with the same force and effect and to all intents and purposes as though 76 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING originally embraced therein, and for the purpose of maintain- ing and supporting the said "high school district" and its purposes and objects and to pay the current or other expenses, or pay the bonded indebtedness or the interest thereon, the property of such school district, so incorporated within said "high school district" so incorporated shall after such incor- poration in each year be subject to the same taxation as the property of the other territory embraced within said "high school district" and be subject to all the laws, rules and regu- lations governing such "high school district" as though origi- nally incorporated therein. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 58, Sec. 4.] GENERAL ELECTIONS. Vacancy in State Office. Sec. 2087. At each of said general elections there shall also be elected such state officers as may be required to be elected to fill any vacancy occurring by operation of law, or the constitution of this state, including any vacancy or vacan- cies in the office of justice of the supreme court. [S. L. 1890- 91, Ch. 68, Sec. 4.] State Officers. Sec. 2088. At the general election held in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four, and at the general election held every fourth year thereafter, there shall be elected a governor, a secretary of state, an auditor, a treasurer, a super- intendent of public instruction, and such other state officers as are, or may be, created by law, and made elective, whose elec- tion shall occur, or ought to occur at such general election. [S. L. 1890-91, Ch. 68, Sec. 6.] County Officers to Be Elected. Sec. 2091. The following county and precinct officers shall hold their office by election; and there shall be held in the several voting precincts of this state, on the Tuesday next fol- lowing the first Monday in November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-two, and on the Tues- day next following the first Monday in November, in each second year thereafter, a general election at which the follow- ing county and precinct officers shall be elected : The clerk. The commissioners. The surveyors. The sheriff. The county treasurer. SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 77 The county and prosecuting attorney. The superintendent of schools. The assessor. The coroner. The justices of the peace. The constables. The clerk of the district court for each county, whenever his term of office shall expire before the next general election, or whenever a vacancy therein is to be filled, and such other county and precinct officers which may be created and made elective by law. In counties having an assessed valuation not exceeding five million dollars, the county clerk shall be ex- officio clerk of the district court, and shall perform all the duties pertaining to the office of clerk of the district court, but shall receive no additional or separate compensation there- for. [S. L. 1890-91, Ch. 100, Sec. 3.] Relating to General Elections Who May Vote. Sec. 2092. Except as hereinafter provided every person shall be qualified and entitled to vote who is a citizen of the United States and over the age of twenty-one years and who has been a bona fide resident of Wyoming for one year and of the county wherein his residence is located sixty days next preceding the election at which he votes and of the election dis- trict wherein he seeks to vote for a period of ten days next pre- ceding election and who shall be able to read the constitution of this state and who has complied with the provisions of law concerning registration; Provided, however, That any person prevented by physical disability from being able to read the constitution of this state shall not for this reason while labor- ing under such disability be deprived of his right to vote ; Pro- vided, further, That where any qualified elector who has reg- istered in any other precinct in such city or town before the date of election, such voter shall be entitled to vote in the pre- cinct where registered ; Provided, further, That any person who is a citizen of the United States and who was a qualified elector on the tenth day of July in the year 1890 and who has since then continued to be a resident in this state and who has complied with the provisions of law concerning registra- tion shall continue to be an elector of this state; and, Pro- vided, moreover, That any person who is serving in the army of the United States or is an officer or soldier and who is resid- ing on any military reservation in this state shall not be en- titled to vote at any election held in this state unless such person has acquired the rights of citizenship by residence therein for a period of not less than one year while serving in 78 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING the army of the United States as such officer or soldier. [S. L. 1911, Ch. 60, Sec. 1.] Special County Elections Shall Be Ordered by County Com- missioners. Sec. 2110. All special elections for county and precinct officers shall be ordered by the county commissioners, which order shall be countersigned by the clerk of the board of county commissioners. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 53.] Vacancy in Office Who Determines Fact Of. Sec. 2112. Whenever it is alleged that a vacancy in any office exists, the officer, court or county board, whose duty it is to fill the vacancy, by appointment, or to order an election to fill such vacancy, shall have power to determine whether or not the facts occasioning such vacancy exist. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 47; R. S. 1899, Sec. 217.] Sec. 2113. Who May Vote at Special Elections. All per- sons who have registered either during the registration period immediately preceding a special election, or a municipal elec- tion, or who haye registered less than two years before such election, during a regular registration period for county elec- tions, or during any special or municipal registration period, subsequent to such regular county election, shall be entitled to vote at such special election, or municipal election as the case may be, in the precinct in which they registered. The provisions of law governing registration and elections shall apply to all special elections and municipal elections. [L. 1895, Ch. 77, Sec. 1 ; R. S. 1899, Sec. 218.] GENERAL PROVISIONS. Qualifications of Office Holders. Sec. 2273. No person shall be eligible to any office who, at the time he is chosen and during his encumbency therein, is not a qualified elector and an actual resident of the district, county, town, ward or precinct, as the case may be, in which he holds such office. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 6.] Woman Suffrage. Sec. 2274. When they possess the other qualifications of an elector, the rights of women to the elective franchise and to hold office shall be the same as those of men. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 7.] SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 79 Persons Disqualified from Voting or, Holding Office. Sec. 2275. The following persons shall not vote or hold office: One who is under guardianship. One who is non compos mentis. One who has be,en within Wyoming convicted of any fel- ony, unless restored to civil rights by pardon. One who has made or become, either directly or indirectly, interested in any bet or wager depending upon the result of the election at which he or she shall offer to vote. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 8.] Resignation of Elective Offices. Sec. 2276. Resignation of elective offices shall be made to the officer, court or county board authorized by law to fill a vacancy in such office by appointment or to order an election to fill such vacancy. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 43.] Vacancies in Elective Offices How Made. Sec. 2277. Every elective office shall become vacant on the happening of either of the following events to the incum- bent before the end of his term of office : 1. His death. 2. His resignation. 3. His becoming insane or non compos mentis. 4. His ceasing to be an inhabitant of the state, or if the office is local, his ceasing to be an inhabitant of the district, town, ward or precinct for which he was elected. 5. His conviction of ,an infamous crime or of any offense involving a violation of official oath. 6. His removal from office. 7. His refusal or neglect to take his oath of office, or to give or renew his official bond, or to deposit or file such oath or bond within the time prescribed by law. 8. The decision of a competent tribunal declaring his election void. [S. L. 1890, Ch. 80, Sec. 45.] TAXATION AND REVENUE. Purposes for Which Taxes Levied Limitations Upon Amount. Sec. 2320. There shall be levied and assessed upon the taxable real and personal property within this state in each year, the following taxes: First For state revenue, four mills on the dollar when no rate is directed by the state board of equalization before the date in each year when the tax ought to be levied and 80 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING assessed, but in uo case shall the tax for state revenue pur- poses exceed said four mills on the dollar; except for the sup- port of state educational and charitable institutions, the pay- ment of the state debt and the interest thereon. Second The couny commissioners shall annually levy a tax for the support of the common schools in their county, not to exceed three mills on the dollar. For county revenue for all purposes there shall be levied annually a tax, but the aggre- gate tax for county revenue, including general school tax, shall not exceed twelve mills on the dollar, exclusive of state revenue, except for the payment of its public debt and the in- terest thereon. An additional tax of two dollars for each per- son between the ages of twenty-one years and fifty years, inclusive, shall be annually levied for county school purposes; Provided, always, That the board of county commissioners in each and every county of this state shall not expend in any one year, from out of the revenue so raised, for the support of the poor and lunatic purposes, a sum amounting to more than two mills on the dollar for each and every dollar of the assessed valuation of the property within their county for the then cur- rent year; for road purposes, a sum not amounting to more than three mills on the dollar of each and every dollar of assessed valuation of the property within their county for the then current year. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 102.] Property Exempt from Taxation. Sec. 2321. The following described property is hereby exempted from taxation: First The property of the United States and of this state, the property of any county, township, incorporated cities, towns and school districts ; public libraries, lots with buildings thereon used exclusively for religious wor- ship; church parsonages; public grounds by whomsoever do- nated to the public, including all places for the burial of the dead. Second Fire engines and all implements used for ex- tinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for the buildings of a fire company or companies. Third Household and kitchen furniture, beds and bedding, wearing apparel of every person, and the food provided for each family, not to exceed in all the value of one hundred dollars. Fourth The polls of all persons who have arrived at the age of fifty years. Fifth The property engaged and used in the manufacture of beet sugar or any of the products of sugar beets, in the state of Wyoming, shall be exempt from taxation annually during the actual use of such property for such purpose, for a period of ten years. No factory thus engaged shall be entitled to such exemption unless at least seventy-five per centum of the SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 81 sugar beets consumed therein during each year shall have been grown in Wyoming; Provided, Sufficient supply can be ob- tained in this state. [S. L. 1895, Ch. 52; S. L. 1897, Ch. 50.] Property Exempt from Taxation. Sec. 2322. That lands, with the buildings thereon, used for schools, orphan asylums or hospitals, and for lodge rooms- for the meetings of all secret, benevolent and charitable so- cieties or associations shall be exempted from taxation so long as said lands and buildings are not used for private profit. [S. L. 1901, Ch. 5.] Bonds Exempt from Taxation. Sec. 2323. Coupon or registered interest bearing bonds of the state of Wyoming, or any county, school district, or mu- nicipality of the state of Wyoming shall be exempt from taxa- tion when owned by actual residents of the state, provided, that the owner or owners of such securities shall list the same annually on their assessment schedule, describing such bonds and the amount thereof, and shall mark opposite thereto, on such schedule, "exempt." [S. L. 1905, Ch. 17.] What Property Subject to Taxation. Sec. 2324. All other property, real and personal, within this state is subject to taxation in the manner herein directed, and this section is intended to embrace lands and lots in towns, including lands bought from the United States, whether bought on a credit or otherwise; buildings or improvements erected upon lands, the title to which still remains in the United States, or in any incorporated company, and all lanv law anv of the permanent funds of this state. [S. L. 1907, ( ; h. 30, Sec. 14.] County, City and School Funds. Sec. 2499. Under this chapter the term ''proper govern- ing board" shall be held to mean when applied to the deposit of county funds "the board of county commissioners" of such county; when applied to the deposit of funds of a city or town, the mayor and council or the mayor and trustees, as the case may be, of such city or town, and when applied to the deposit of school district funds, the board of directors or trustees of such school district. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 15.] Deposits City, County, Town and School District Treasurers. Sec. 2500. Every county treasurer, city treasurer, town trustees and treasurer of a school district, within the state of Wyoming, shall deposit, and at all times keep on deposit for safe keeping, in banks, incorporated under the laws of this state and in national banks, doing business in his county, when designated as depositories by the proper governing board, the amount of moneys in his hands collected and held by him as such treasurer. Any such bank, located in such county, may apply for the privilege of keeping such moneys upon the following conditions : All such deposits shall be sub- ject to payment when demanded by the proper treasurer on his check, order or demand, and by all banks, receiving and holding such deposits, interest shall be paid at a rate not less than two per cent per annum nor more than four per cent per annum, as may be determined by the proper governing board upon the amount so deposited, as hereinafter provided, and subject also to such regulations as are imposed by law. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 16.] Depositories Interest. Sec. 2501. Such applications by such banks, shall be sub- mitted to the proper governing board on or before the first Monday of April of each year, and shall be acted upon by the proper governing board on the said first Monday of April of each year, or as soon thereafter as practicable, and said board shall also at said time fix the rate of interest, which said rate shall go into effect on May 1st following and shall not be changed for one year, and no moneys shall be deposited by any such treasurer except in such banks as have been approved by the proper governing board. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 17.] 98 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING How Interest Computed. Sec. 2502. The amount to be paid by any and all banks under the provisions of this chapter for interest on public funds on deposit shall be computed on the average daily balance of the public moneys kept on deposit therewith, and shall be paid and credited to the proper county, city, town, or school district on the first day of January, April, July and October of each year; and every such bank shall keep account of such public moneys as may be deposited, and when deposited, and the interest thereon as aforesaid, and shall make a statement thereof, in duplicate, to the proper treasurer, and the proper governing board, on the first Monday of January, April, July and October of each year and all interest paid on said public moneys shall be credited by the proper treasurer to the ac- count of the several funds from which it is derived. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 18.] Security Required. Sec. 2503. For the security of the funds so deposited un- der the provisions of this chapter, the proper treasurer shall require all such depositories to give bonds for the safe keeping and payment of such deposits and the interest thereon, which bond shall run to the proper county, city, town or school dis- trict, and be approved by the proper governing board of such county, city, town or school district, and conditioned that such depository shall, on the first Monday of each January, April, July and October of each year, render to the proper treasurer, and the proper governing board of the county, city, town or school district, a statement in duplicate, showing the several daily balances, and the amount of public moneys held by it during the preceding three months, and the amount of the interest thereon, and how credited, and for the payment of the said deposits, and the interest accrued thereon, as herein pro- vided, and when demanded by the proper treasurer on his check, order or demand at any time, and generally to do and perform whatever may be required by the provisions of this chapter, and a faithful discharge of the trust reposed in such depository. The said bond in substance shall be similar, or as near as may be, to the bonds required of state depositories, and when the penalty thereof exceeds the sum of five thousand dollars, such bond shall be furnished by some responsible surety company authorized to do business in this state. No county, municipal or school district treasurer shall have on de- posit in any bank at any one time more than one-half of the penal amount named in its said bond in all cases where private bonds are furnished, nor more than ninety per cent of the SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 99 amount of all other bonds, nor more than one-half of the paid up capital stock and unimpaired capital stock and surplus of such bank. The bonds shall be deposited with the clerk of the county, city, town or school district to which said bond may be given. Where there are no banks in the county, or where the banks in the proper county refuse or fail to bid on said money, or refuse or fail to receive the said funds under the pro- visions of this chapter, then part or all of said money may be deposited under the conditions of this act, in any other bank in the state, selected by the proper governing board of the county, city, town or school district, as the case may be. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 19.] Collateral Security. Sec. 2504. Instead of the bonds provided for in Section 2503, the bank or banks receiving on deposit public funds may, as security therefor, furnish to the proper treasurer of any county, municipality or school district, securities of the kind mentioned in Section 2491, to be approved by the proper gov- erning board and the provisions of this chapter, applicable to such securities when furnished by state depositories, shall be applicable, as near as may be, to such securities when furnished to the treasurer of any county, municipality or school district. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 20.] Funds Not Deposited. Sec. 2505. Whenever funds remain on hand which can- not be placed in the banks of the respective counties of this state under the provisions of this chapter, then the proper treasurer shall immediately notify the chairman of the proper governing board, which said board shall immediately there- upon hold a meeting and, if possible, secure other banks in the state to hold said funds under the provisions of this chapter. During the time that funds cannot be deposited in the banks entitled thereto under the provisions of this chapter^ the proper treasurer shall hold said deposits in safe keeping, and shall be liable on his official bond for such funds so held. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec. 21.] Treasurer's Liability. Sec. 2506. No county, city, town or school district treas- urer shall be liable on his official bond for money on deposit in any bank under and by direction of the proper legal au- thority and in conformity to the provisions of this chapter if said bank has given bond which has been approved as herein provided, except in cases where any loss could have been pre- vented by the exercise of reasonable care on the part of t.uch 100 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING treasurer. Nothing in this section contained shall be construed as relieving from any liability any bond given or any col- lateral deposited under the provisions of this chapter. Nor shall anything in this chapter prevent the proper treasurer from withdrawing any or all funds by him deposited in ac- cordance with this chapter, whenever he deems it advisable or to the interests of the public which he represents, or to \.ay out money as by law required. [S. L. 1907, Ch. 30, Sec 22.] Profit Making Prohibited. Sec. 2507. The making of profit, directly, or indirectly, by any state treasurer, or by the treasurer of any county, city, town or school district, or by any other public officer or em- ployee having in his custody or under his control any public moneys, by loaning such moneys or by depositing tha same contrary to the provisions of this chapter or the usiru? of such moneys by any of said public officers or employes for -- - 3 14 128 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Sec. Page HOLIDAYS 103 Arbor Day 3582 103 Legal Holidays 3581 103 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS TAUGHT 1976 48 INTEREST AND USURY 102 Interest on Public Warrants 3365 103 Rate Not Effected, When 3364 102 INVESTIGATIONS State Board Shall Condact _- 13 6 Violations of Contracts for Purchasing Text Books, At- torney General Shall Investigate 2010 56 KINDERGARTENS 54 Apportionment 2000 54 How Carried Into Effect 2001 54 Power of Trustees to Establish 1998 54 Shall Be Part of School System 1999 54 Teachers 1999 54 LEASING OF STATE AND SCHOOL LANDS 111 LEGALIZING CERTAIN SCHOOL BONDS 113 MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOLS School Board May Establish 1975 48 MONEY, DEPOSIT OF PUBLIC 91 Bribes Penalty 2508 100 Collateral Security 2491 94 City, County, Town and School District Funds 2499 97 >" . Depositories 2501 97 Deposits by Treasurers 2500 97 Funds Not Deposited 2505 99 Interest 2501 97 How Computed 2502 98 Treasurers Liability 2506 99 Profit Making Prohibited 2507 100 Security Required 2503 98 State Board of Deposits 2487 91 State Funds Deposits by State Treasurer 2489 91 Designation of Depositories ' 2488 91 Funds Not Deposited 2495 96 Interest and Security . 2490 92 Interest Rate _ _ 2492 94 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 129 Sec. Page Daily Balance Computations 2493 95 Investment of Permanent Funds 2498 97 Officers Deposit Monthly 2186 91 Recovery on Bonds 2497 96 Sale of Collateral 2496 96 OFFICERS FAILING TO PAY OVER MONEY, PENALTY- 1971 47 PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN ___ 1 1 5 Boards of Trustees to Enforce Act 5 117 Charts, Questions 2 116 Duty of State Superintendent '. 3 116 Report 2 116 Teachers to Make l n5 When Tests Are to Be Made 4 117 POLL TAXES (See Taxation and Revenue). PROTECTION OF BIRDS 100 Birds Not Protected 2793 102 Destruction of Eggs Penalty 2789 101 Scientific Use Permitted 2790 101 Certificate, Bond 2791 101 Term of Certificate 2792 102 Unlawful to Kill 2788 100 PUBLIC INDEBTEDNESS 1353 35 PUBLISHERS, CONTRACTS AND BONDS OF 30 10 REPORTS 26 9 Board of Directors Report to School District 1947 41 Commissioner of Education May Require from Superin- tendents and Teachers Annual or Otherwise 26 9 District Clerk 1984 49 District Treasurer 1986 52 Instructions Regarding _ : 26 9 School District Trustees 2077 74 RIGHTS OF WAY ACROSS STATE SCHOOL LANDS 110 SALARIES Chief of Certification Division 39 12 Commissioner of Education 39 12 County Superintendent of Schools 1297 24 Amended by Ch. 156 117 SCHOOL BONDS (See School Districts). 130 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Sec. Page SCHOOL DISTRICTS Board of Directors Audit and Pay Claims 1949 41 Advertise for Bids, When to 1946 41 Authority to Remove Scholars 1945 40 Director Shall Appear in Suits 1979 48 Director Shall Preside at Meetings 1977 48 Duties of 1943 40 Meeting of 1942 40 Members May Administer Oaths 1944 4o Oath of 1929 36 Powers of 1943 40 Qualifications of 1941 40 Report to District Meeting 1947 41 Settlement with Treasurer 1947 41 Vacancy, How Filled 1951 41 Visiting Committee 1948 41 Board of Trustees Election of, Annual 1930 36 Election of, First 1928 36 Election of, Where Number Changed to Six 1931 37 Failure to Make Proper Provisions^ City Superintendets and Others to Report 3 31 Power to Establish Kindergartens 1998 54 Shall Constitute Board of Directors 1928 36 Shall Employ Enumerator 1997 52 Shall Enforce Act in Regard to Physical Examinations of. School Pupils 5 117 Body Corporate, To Be 1933 37 Bonds 59 Additional Bond of County Treasurer 2038 61 Application of Proceeds 2030 59 Authority to Call Election to Determine Issue 2028 59 County Treasurer, Custodian of 2037 61 Election 2029 59 Issue of 2029 59 Legalizing Certain School Bonds 113 Misapplication of Funds, Penalty for 2036 61 Payment of Interest 2034 60 Pledge for Payment 203 1 60 Preparation of 2035 61 Redemption 2033 60 Sale of 2030 59 Tax Levy to Redeem and Pay Interest 2032 60 Bonds, Refunding 61 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 131 Sec. Page By Whom Signed 2042 62 Coupons, When Paid 2043 62 Duty of County Treasurer 2047 63 Duty of Directors 2045 63 Form of, Time and Interest 2042 62 Funds Realized from Sale of 2048 64 Balance in Hands of County Treasurer 2049 64 Surplus, How Used 2050 65 Pledge for Payment 2046 63 Power of Board to Issue 2039 61 Registration of 2041 % 62 Tax to Pay Interest and Principal 2044 63 Boundary Boards Appeal 5 28 Chairman 2 28 Corporate City in One District 4 28 Duties 1 27 Funds of New Districts 6 29 Members l 27 Notice to District Clerk by County Superintendent 3 28 Secretary 2 28 Clerk- Duties of 1980 to 1984 48 Report, Failure to Make l 50 Shall Certify Number of Teachers l 25 Shall Furnish Enumeration Lists to Sheriff 1958 44 Drafts and Orders, How Drawn 1978 48 Electors, Qualification of 1940 40 Elimination of High School Districts 2 118 Taxing Power Continues 3 118 Fines, Collection and Disposition of . 1970 46 (See Also Fines.) Meetings Clerk Shall Give Notice of 1983 49 Manner of Conducting 1939 39 May Adopt Rules of Order 1937 39 Powers of - 1935 38 Regular - 1934 38 Special, Board of Directors Shall Call 1 1950 41 New District, Notice of Formation 1926 35 Funds of 6 29 Offenses Defined Penalty 1959 44 Officers District Officers and Their Duties 48 Failing to Pay Over Money 1971 47 132 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Sec. Page Shall Not Be Agents for School Supplies 1961 45 Organization and Government 35 Seal 1932 37 Transfer of School Funds 1938 39 Treasurer Bond of 1952 42 Duties of - 1986 So Render Statement on Request 1990 Si Shall Receive District Money 1988 St Truancy 1957 43 District Boards May Appoint Truant Officer 1957 43 Duty of Officers 1957 43 Voting Money, Object to Be Designated 1936 39 SCHOOL LAND BOARD 602 SCHOOL LAWS, PRINTING OF 26 9 SCHOOL OFFICERS (See Also School Districts). Shall Not Be Agents for School Supplies 1961 45 SCHOOLS SPECIAL 14 6 SCHOOL WEEK AND MONTH DEFINED i960 45 STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES AND REFORM Members 436 Secretary of 443 STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Appropriation 40 12 Biennial Report 12 6 Board of Examiners, to Assume Duties of 16 Commissioner of Education to Be Executive Officer _ l Course of Study, Shall Prescribe 8 Designated as State Board for Purposes of Federal Voca- . tional Education Act 2 15 Investigate Educational Needs 13 6 Meetings 4 Members Appointments Of Commissioner Expenses Qualifications 4 Terms 4 Policies, Shall Prescribe Supervision, Shall Have General Vacancies, Governor to Fill 4 4 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 133 Sec. Page STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 3 Supervision and Control County 2 3 District 3 3 General l 3 STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION Distributor of School Funds _^ 135 22 Ex-officio Member of State Board of Education 4 4 Prepare for Physical Examination of School Children 3 116 Secretary State Board of Charities and Reform 443 23 STATE TREASURER Authorized to Receive Donations 1973 47 Custodian of Funds for Federal Vocational Education Act 3 15 Custodian of School Funds 1962 45 Liability for School Money 1974 48 TAX FOR UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS 112 TAXATION AND REVENUE 79 Assessed Valuation Limit 3 86 Bonded Debt 10 90 Bonds Exempt 2323 81 City and Town 1 86 County Commissioner Limit 2 86 County Library Taxes Amount 1316 32 How Levied and Collected 1317 32 Limit 8 89 County Levy, Time of Making 2343 82 Excess Levy Unlawful 11 90 Duty of Assessor 11 90 Form of Tax List 2343 82 Limitations Upon Amount 2320 79 Method of Estimating 4 to 6 86 Misdemeanor, Officer Violating This Act Shall Be Guilty of 12 90 Poll Taxes 106 County Assessor, Duty of 4 107 May Sieze Property 6 108 Monthly and Final Settlement by 7 108 County Clerk, Duty of 3 107 Employers Liable 5 108 Levy and Collection 1 106 Receipts Prepared by County Treasurer 2 107 Roll of Names _ 8 109 134 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING Sec. Page School Funds 8 109 Property Exempt 2321 80 2322 81 Property Subject to 2324 81 Purposes for Which Levied 2320 79 School District Limit 9 89 School Taxes 2401 83 Apportionment of 1299 26 Assessments, When Made 2402 83 County School Tax Limit 7 26 Equalization of Assessment and Levy of Taxes 2403 83 Manner of Collecting 2404 84 Normal Training Department, Special Levy 4 13 Supplementary Apportionment 1300 27 To Whom Paid j. 2405 84 University, Tax for Buildings 112 TEACHERS Certificates (See also Certification Division) 21 8 Discrimination Account of Sex or Religious Belief Pro- hibited 1965 45 Employment of 1955 43 Examinations (See also Certification Division) 21 8 Examinations in Physiology and Hygiene 1966 46 Kindergarten Teachers 1999 54 Normal Training Department Teachers 3 14 Payment of 1955 43 Refusal to Deliver Records Penalty 1968 46 Reports of 1967 46 TEACHERS' BUREAU Chief of Certification Division Shall Conduct 24 8 Commissioner of Education Shall Maintain 28 9 TEACHERS' INSTITUTES Commissioner of Education Shall Arrange 20 8 County 1305 30 Joint 2 31 State 118 Certificate Registration Fee 2 119 Held Annually 1 118 Secretary and Treasurer l 118 TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 15 7 TEXT BOOKS Attorney General Must Investigate Violations of Contracts 2010 56 SCHOOL LAWS OF WYOMING 135 Sec. Page Free Text Books 2002 55 From What Funds Paid 2006 56 How Paid for 2005 56 Lists of, Commissioner of Education Shall Publish 29 10 Orders 2006 56 Paid from School Land Income Fund 2003 55 Property of District 2011 56 Pupils May Purchase 2012 56 TRUANCY (See School Districts). UNIFORMS FOR SCHOOL CADETS 67 21 VACCINATION 2940. 102 WOMAN SUFFRAGE ^ _ 2274 78 06604 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY