STACK ANSBX 036 643 Wl' Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN Wife-.-.: y>7^v /£l^ C'ulish there are twenty six letters. 2. Five of these letters are called vowels, that is, vocals, or voice letters, because they can be sounded alone. • The vowels are, A E I O U. a e 1 o u. Their names are, a e i 6 u. 3. Twenty one letters are called consonants, that IS, with-soundersy because no one of them can be sounded unless it has a vowel with it. The name of each of these consonants is made up of the letter itself, and a vowel either before or after it. l] Letters \yhose sound [2] Letters wh ose sound ends their name. begins their name. LETTER. NAME. LETTER. NAME. C c ec B b be F f ef D d de Gg eg H h ha L 1 el J J ja Mm em K k ka N n en P p pe R r ar Q q cii S s es T t te Xx ex V V ve Ww waw Yy yi Z z ze or zed 4<. Nearly every one of the letters has more than one sound. The different sounds of each letter are shown by dots and accents (^ ^ ^). 5. Each vowel, when it has one dot over it, is ^ sounded like its name, and this sound is called its name sound, as, e i 6 be bind hind rind old fold bolt roll he blind kind grind bold hold colt droll me find mind wind cold told most stroll 6. The vowels without any dot are sounded as m the words nat, net, nit, not, nut. This sound is called the first sound of each vowel. aei ouaei ou am em im om um ap ep ip op up ham hem him hom hum hap hep hip hop hup yam yem yim yom yum yap yep yip yop yup mam mem mim mom mum map mep mip mop mup pam pem pim pom pum pap pep pip pop pup bam bem bim bom bum bap bep bip bop bup fam fem fim fom fum fap fep fip fop fup vam vem vim vom vum vap vep vip vop vup cam com cum cap kep kip cop cup gam gom gum gap gop gup jam jem jim jom jum jap jep jip jop jup lam lem lim lom lum lap lep lip lop lup ram rem rim rom rum rap rep rip rop rup sam sem sim som sum sap sep sip sop sup tam tem tim tom tum tap tep tip top tup dem dim dom dum dap dep dip dop dup nam nem mm nom num nap nep nip nop nup ab eb ib ob ub af ev if ov uf hab heb hib hob hub haf hev hif hov huf yab yeb yib yob yub yaf yev yif yov yuf mab meb mib mob mub maf mev mif mov muf pab peb pib pob pub paf pev pif pov puf bab beb bib bob bub baf bev bif bov buf fal) feb fib fob fub faf fev fif fov fuf a e 1 o u a e 1 o u vab veb vib vob vub vaf vev vif vov vuf cab cob cub caf cov cuf gab gob gub gaf gov guf jab jeb jib job jub jaf jev jif jov juf lab leb lib lob lub laf lev lif lov luf rab reb rib rob rub raf rev rif rov ruf sab seb sib sob sub saf sev sif sov suf tab teb tib tob tub taf tev tif tov tuf dab deb dib dob dub daf dev dif dov duf nab neb nib nob nub naf nev nif nov nuf ac ec ic oc uc ag eg ig og ug hac hec hic hoc hue hag beg big hog hug yac yec yic yoc yuc yag yeg yig yog yug mac mec mic moc muc mag meg mig mog mug pac pec pic poc puc pag peg pig pog pug bac bee bic hoc buc bag beg big bog bug fac fee fic foe fag feg fig fog fug vac vec vie voc vag veg vig vog vug kec kic coc cue cag keg kig cog cug goc guc gag gog gug joc juc jag jeg jig jog jug loc luc lag leg lig log lug roc rue rag reg rig rog rug soc sue sag seg sig sog sug toe tuc tag teg tig tog tug dac dec die doc due dag deg dig dog dug nac nee nic noc nuc nag neg nig nog nug al el il ol ul as es is os us hal hel hil hoi hul has hes his hos bus yal yel yil yol yul yas yes yis yos yus mal mel mil mol mul mas mes mis mos mus pal pel pil pol pul pas pes pos pus bal bel bil bol hul has bes l)is bos bus * B2 ^av. jac jee Jic lac lee he rac rec ric sac sec sic tac tec tic a e 1 u a e 1 u fal fel fil fol ful fas fes fis fos fus val vel Vll vol vul vas ves vis vos vus cal col cul cas cos cus gal gol gul gas gos gus jal jel jil jol jul jas jes jis jos jus lal lei 111 lol lul las les lis los lus ral rel ril rol ml ras res ris ros rus sal sel sil sol sul sas ses sis sos sus tal tel til tol tul tas tes tis tos tus dal del dil dol dul das des dis dos dus nal nel nil nol nul nas nes nis nos nus at et it ot ut ad ed id od ud hat het hit hot hut had hed hid hod hud yat yet yit yot yut yad yed yid yod yud wet wit wot wut wed wid wod wud mat met mit mot mut mad med mid mod mud pat pet pit pot put pad ped pid pod pud bat bet bit bot but bad bed bid bod bud fat fet fit fot fut fad fed fid fod fud vat vet vit vot vut vad ved vid vod vud cat ket kit cot cut cad ked kid cod cud gat got gut gad gud jat jet jit jot jut jad jed jid jod jud lat let lit lot lut lad led lid lod lud rat ret rit rot rut rad red nd rod rud sat set sit sot sut sad sed sid sod sud tat tet tit tot tut tad ted tid tod tud dat det dit dot dut dad ded did dod dud nat net nit not nut nad ned nid nod nud an en in on un man men mm mon mun ban hen hm hon hun pan pen pm pon pun yan yen yin yon yun ban ben bin bon bun wen win won wun fan fen fm fon fun ae lo uae i ou van veil vm von vun ran ren rin ron run can ken km con san sen sin son sun gan gon gun tan ten tin ton tun jan jen jm jon jun dan den din don dun Ian len Im Ion lun nan nen nm non nun am romp drip trick gasp rest hunt ram mump op sick rasp crest and cram pump rop lock grasp test hand dram jump prop clock ask mist band amp rump crop rock mask hst land camp crump strop frock bask cost sand lamp ap drop crock lask rost end clamp rap ab melt flask frost wend ramp trap rab pelt hast must mend cramp strap crab belt mast rust bend damp ep drab felt past crust lend emp tep ack held vast dust rend hemp step rack urn last ant send im iP crack burn yest ent tend nm rip ick spurn west went yond brim grip kick turn pest sent pond imp trip rick asp best tent bond limp strip brick hasp vest punt fond 7. Any letter with a single dot under it is not sounded. A letter that is not sounded is said to be silent; as, b in debt, lamb, comb, dumb. 8. An e without tiny mark is usually not sounded at the end of a word ; as, twelve. This e is called a silent e Jinal. 9. But an e not marked has its name sound at the end of a word of one syllable, m which there is no other vowel ; as, be, he, me, we, ye. LESSON I. he can run. he led us. we fled from him. it will burn us. lift it up. we must send him. he can tell me. we must not run fast, he ran from ten men. he hid it from me. he trod on it, and it bit him. we did not tell him. he did not rob us. we must let him run. we must ask him. he did not run from us. a lamb ran from an old man. a kid fled from a blind man. we must not bend it. he will tell me. we will not sell it. he told me. we will hold him. he will bind it, and kill it. we must fold it up. if we can find him, we will tell him. he will fill it. when will it be ? he lost a comb, we met a dumb man. he must mend a pen. we had a clock, he will send a lamp, he cut a rod. we must not romp, can he mend a crock? 10. An unmarked a, i, o, or u has its name sound if it IS next before a silent e final, or if it is next before a single consonant which is followed by a silent e final ; as. in foe a m babe e in here 1 111 wide woe fade mere bite u in due made mete fire lake hide make life take kite name spite fame bide lame dme flame fine same file hate mile base side o in robe home u in cure bone tone pure hope stone use yoke cone tube broke cope tune rode hole mule note fore mute LESSON II. a mad man made me run. it will fade, we must not take it. we gave him a name, fire will burn, he broke a bone, a mad man made a fire, and it burnt a babe in bed. we made him send it. a lad swam m a lake, he can cure us. we must hope, it will bite, we must hide it from him, we did not find life in it. it can hop, and we hope it will run. we must not climb on it. he fled from a foe. a dog will hide a bone, he stole a fat hen. he came home, we broke a lamp, he will take cold, a lame man ran a mile. 11. But the unmarked vowel keeps its first sound if the final e has a dot under it ; as, have, live, gone. LESSON III. he must have a run. we have land, and must till It. It must have milk, we can live here, he will have time. 12. An unmarked final o has its name sound; as, lo, no, so, go. 13. The pronoun I is sounded i. 14. The letters, when it has one dot over it, as s, IS sounded like i^ and may be called es, that is, ez ; as, as, has, is, his, rise, wise. 8 LESSON IV. no man can tell me. he told me so. go and find it. he IS not m bed. he has left his home, he will have no more, did he not tell us so ? he is not wise, he has no time, he came home at ten o'clock, we must no go till nine, he rose at five, he had no more, he left his babe m bed. we must ask him his name, he has not sent it, and so I have not got it. no wise man will act so. I can find no use in it. we must use it. I set my hat on a peg. we must hate no man. it is hot. I have not met him. he is gone. 15. Accent. — There are three marks that are some- times set over vowels : y is called the acute accent, ^ is called the grave accent, and '^ is called the circumflex accent. The acute accent is set over the first vowel of that syllable, on which the stress of the voice must be laid in sounding a word. The grave accent does not show where the stress of the voice is to be laid, but only teaches how the vowel is to be sounded. The circumflex accent is made up of both the others, and shows that the stress of the voice must be laid on the syllable where it is placed, and also that the vowel must be sounded as if a grave accent were on that vowel. Thus, the stress of the voice must be laid on the second syllable m the following words : attend defend abase depend before design confess desire declare offen^ defile profess If there is no accent marked, the stress of the voice must be laid on the first syllable, unless the word ends in ion. Thus, the stress of the voice must be laid on the first syllable of the following words ; camel famine visit fragment napkin parents hatred timid The stress o'f the voice is some-times called the accent. 16. The letter y becomes a vowel when there is no vowel m the same syllable, and also if it is at the end of a syllable. If it has no mark it is sounded like 1, and if it has a dot over it it is sounded like i ; as, hymn tyrant duty happy 1 7. An unmarked final y is sounded like i, if it is at the end of a weird of one syllable, in which there is no other vowel ; or if it is at the end of iiny word, and has an accent over it ; as, by try apply ^ reply fly my comply rely dry deny 18. If the letters wh begin a word, the h is sounded before the w; as, when, whip, white, why. LESSON V. he told me before. I cannot attend. I will try. it is my duty, we must not deny it. he is happy, if he will not let me, I cannot go. he must ask his parents when he can go home, tell me why he did not go. I came from my home at nine o'clock. I cannot fly, but I can run. I cannot write, but I will * c 10 try. a camel can travel m sand. I will reply, we cannot rely on him. he will not comply. I depend on him, and he will defend me. we must travel by land. I cannot find my home, we cannot live here, he will lament, he must apply himself more. I cannot attend in time, it is a timid hare. I have lost my knife. 19. When the letter c comes before e, i, or y, it IS sounded like s, and is called ce, that is^ se ; as, face, city, price, cypress. When the letter g comes before e, i, or y, it is sounded like j, and is called ge, that is, je ; as, age, rage, rigid, regent. These sounds o'f ce and ge are called soft sounds ; and the sounds of ec and eg are called hard. But if there is a dot over the c or g, it keeps its hard sound, and is called eg, even when followed by e, 1, or y ; as, get, give, begin, forget, forgive. 20. The letters c and g keep their soft sound before an e with a dot under it, and have their hard sound before a, u, or h, with a dot under it ; as, guest ghost guide guile guilt plague LESSON VI. I set my hat in its place, he struck me m my face, we can shde on ice. he told me his age. he IS in a rage, he fell and cut his face, get up and give me a pen. he is my guest. I will guide him. he has no guile m him. I confess I am guilty, we must not plague him. he is guiltless. 11 21. When the letter h follows c, g, p, s, or t, it loses its own sound, and the two letters together make a new sound, and they have a name belonging to the double letter. The double letter must, in spelling, be treated as one letter. 22. The double letter sh is called esh ; as, fish she shame dish shin shop brush ship shut wish shine shape 23. The three letters tch make but one sound, which IS called etch; as, batch, catch, latch, latchet, fetch, ditch, stitch, witch. 24. The double letter ch has three sounds, and a name for each sound ; as, [l] without (iny mark, it is called che, that is, tche : chime lurch chm much chip such child rich chose which church [2] with a dot over the c it is sounded hke k, and is called che, that is, ke; as, ache, echo, scheme. [3] with two dots over the c it is sounded like sh, and is called che, that is, she ; as, bench branch bunch flinch trench 25. The double letter th has two sounds and t^yo names : [1] with()ut a mark it is called the ; as, them, then, than, this, that, these, those. *c2 12 [2] with a dot over the t its name is eth ; as, both, cloth, thin, thick. Because the word " that^^* has several meanings, an accent is piit over it when it is the opposite of " this."' LESSON VII. she must go home, she will not find it. when did she give him the pen ? shut it up. it is a shame, brush my hat. this child came with me. he chose that pen. why did he tell us that sad story ? he is such a bad child, that he must go home, this is the man that we met. which is the man that told us that tale ? I am not rich, the ship will go on the lake, we must shut the bag. I cannot catch fish, it IS in the ditch, make fast the latch, we came back from church, my face will ache, he can sit on a bench, give him a bunch, take this branch, cut a wide trench, give them the pen. take up the pin. wipe up that blot, that cloth is thin, this plate IS thick, both can go. we must not flinch, that IS not a bad scheme, the bells will chime, he cut his thumb, she must take the cloth. I shun such a bad child, he fed his child on rice, he left us m the lurch. 26. The double letter ph is sounded hke f, and is named phi, that is, fi ; as, Philip, philosopher. 27. An f with a dot over it is sounded like v ; as, of. 28. The double letter gh, when it has no mark over it, IS not sounded, and is called eg, ha ; as, dough, which IS sounded do, and though, sounded tho. The double letter gh, when it has a dot over it, is sounded like f, and is called ghe, that is, fe ; as, r9Ugh, which IS sounded ruf. 13 29. The double letter dg is sounded like j, and is called edge, that is, ej ; as, hedge judge sedge grudge pledge wedge LESSON viir. both o*f them might sit on the same bench. Philip IS a wise philosopher, it is a bright night, we might find him. the light is gone, it is a sad sight. I have lost the lash of my whip, it is of an odd shape, she is shy. I live more in the sun than m the shade, she must fetch rice from the shop, he shot a timid hare, the sun will shine brightly, he set the hot fish on a cold dish, he came wet from the ditch, we will chat with him. he cannot tell us the depth of the pit. he struck it thrice, she will clothe him in black, make this rope tight, that IS not right, fetch a match, and get a light, stretch this cloth. I cannot judge him. she will grudge us. I set it on its edge, she will dry that napkin on the hedge, he will send us a pledge. I will drive this wedge, she must light the fire with sedge. 30. The double letter ng is called eng ; as, bring sing long thing throng hang song strong thong wrong 31. If a dot IS placed over the n in ng, each letter IS sounded separately, and they are spelled en, ge ; as, angel, change, range, strange, hinge, singe. 32. When an n comes before g, k, q, or x, it is sounded as ng (eng) ; as, longest, strongest, bank, rank, think, drink, sink. But the n keeps its proper sound when it has a dot over it ; as, mankind. LESSON IX. he Sits on a bank, she will thank him. we must 14 not thmk him so bad. the ship will sink m the lake, she will not drink that milk, he is strong, my time is not long, it is a strange thing, he must change his place, she told me a long tale, he will sing a song, that plank is thick, that rope is the strongest of the whole, this is the longest hne. she is angry at us. 33. The vowels with two dots over them are sounded as follows : a biilm e ere i marine o above u bull hiiif there machine come biish palm where ravine done bushel psalm 34. The vowels with Uvo dove love dots under full pull piit them are sounded as follows : a talk e duteous 1 christian o dp u dissuade walk lose war move warm warn wrath prove shoe whp LESSON X. give me hiilf o'f it. I have cut the palm o"f my hand, he sang a long pslilm. I am not warm, we must warn him. war is a sad thing, he must not talk, come and take a walk with me. we met him there, where can I find it ? I have not done so. we will not do It. who will come with me? take off my shoe, he ran to and fro. here is a dove, do not lose my glove, she did not liive him. it is above me. she strove to take it from me. I think it is 15 not well to do so. we will give it to him. will she come with me ? we will prove it to him. I cannot move it. piit it on the desk, piill off my shoe, my hand is fiill. that is a wild biill. I met some of them there, he will not come alone, do not lose the place, he has lost the only thing we gave him. we must warn him not to do so. cut off a branch from that biish. do not piish so. piit the rice in a biishel. she will dissuade him from such conduct, he is fiill of ^yrath. she is wroth at that. I cannot grasp that with my mind, he has broken the hinge, she IS smgmg while she sits by the fire, and is singe- ing the dress. 35. The letter u with a grave accent is sounded like o ; as, truth, truly, trde. 36. The vowels with three dots over them are sounded as follows : ii like e ; as, liny, many, e like ii ; as, clerk. 6 like ii ; as, w5lf, woman. ii like e ; as, biiry. 37. The vowels with three dots under them are all sounded like i ; as, English, biisy, women. 38. The vowel a is sounded hke o ; as, want, was, wash, watch, what. 39. The vowel 6 is sounded like wu ; as, one, once. 40. An unmarked a, followed by 11, is sounded like a ; as, all, call, fall, gall, hall, small, wall. 16 But the a keeps its first sound if there is a dot under the second 1 ; as, shall. LESSON XT. she must tell the whole truth. I do not think that it is true, he spoke truly, she is not truthful, he will tell that to all men. it will be of no use to call him yet. he must take care not to fall, she sat m the hall, we can walk home, he went back to find the ball, shall I give him the pen ? she shall not go with me. he will not try to work, will he also come ? I cannot find any thing there, she did not piit many pens m the desk, many men will come back, have we lost any thing 1 she is a tall woman, the dog ran from a wolf, we met five tall women, she cannot talk English, we shall be busy, who will biiry him ? I think it was a sad tale. he must wash his hands. I have lost my watch, we dp not want to go home, we wish to live here. There is the woman that we came to talk with. I have not met more than one man m all my walk. I have piit one pen m my desk, she piit two caps m that place, we piit three hats there, she met us only once. 41. The letter r often changes the sound of the vowel before it. [l] The letters ar are sounded like iir in a word of one syllable, or m liny syllable that has the accent : as. are large barn farming far guard hard mark arm farm star part alarming But the a in ar keeps its first sound if the next letter is either an other r or a vowel ; as, carry, marry, tarry. 17 [2] The letters er and ir are sounded nearly like ur ; as. herb were birth anger father manger herd bird first longer mother messei'ii^er her gird adder ans^yer brother stranger err third after scatter sister stronger But if the syllable er or ir is followed by a syllable beginning with an other r, or with a vowel, and has the accent, the frst sound of e or 1 is kept ; as, merry, very, irregular. [3] The letters or are sounded nearly like ar m a word of one syllable, or in liny syllable that has the accent ; as, form lord forty storm thorn morning corn sort orphan horn north But the o m or keeps its first sound if the next syllable begins with an other r, or with a vowel ; as, sorry, forest.' LESSON XII. it IS not far to go. it was in the barn, that star is very bright, he wijrks on the farm, he broke his arm. we are not far from home, she will guard him from all harm, she gave him a large part of what she had. Ave made a mark in the place, he left it m the barn, she must not carry it back to hnn. why did he tarry so long ? he gave her a pen. she cut some herbs, he has flocks and herds, we must not err from the right path, we were glad he did not come, the bird was in her nest, this is the third time. I came first, and he did not come 18 till long after me. my father and mother are livmg here, but my brother and sister will live there a much longer time, did he call on the stranger ? there was not much danger, he pUt it in the manger, she must arrange it with more care, she is very merry, and we are not very sorry, we must do as we are bid. the wind is from the north, we must go forth, there will be a storm, hewillgrmd some corn, he is winding some twine, that biill has lost one of his horns. I have hurt my finger with a thorn, he must dp nothing of the sort, we shall find more than forty of them, what shall we find in the forest ? I must not forget my bag. I hope he will forgive me. I think this is the longest chamber, this letter is \yritten on very thin paper, he wrote the will on parchment, he has not written a quarter as much as I have. 42. When two dots are placed under an 1 or r, the 1 or r IS to be sounded after the vowel that follows it, and the e in le or re is sounded very short ; as, able ♦ temple centre iron cable simple table 43. If a word ends m es, the e is silent, unless it follows c (ce), s, cli, sh, or x ; and the vowel next before the e must be sounded as if the s were not there ; as, dove doves drive drives bite bites face faces life lives rose roses fish fishes 44. If a word ends in ed, the e is generally not sounded, unless the letter before it is either d or t ; 19 and the vowel next before the e must be sounded as if the d were not there ; as, arrive, arrived ; prize, prized ; divert, diverted. LESSON xiir. she IS not able to do that, it will fall from the table, wliat a simple child it is ! this is the centre of the circle, the smith has made a shoe for the horse, he made it from part of a bar of iron. I was unable to tell him at what time he might come, here are two doves, she loves the little child very much, she lives far from us. we hope to spend better lives, the lives of five men were lost there, that man drives two horses, she has five roses, his father has worked at many places, some fishes live m salt water, and others in fresh, he lived m this place a very long time, ravens are very long- lived, she talked with me a little while, we walked in the garden with his mother, her father desired me to bring him some roses, she talks very glibly, but does not work well, her tongue is more active than her fingers. 45. The letter t is sounded like ch ; as, natunil. 4G. The letter s is sounded like sh ; as, sure, surely. 47. The letter s is sounded nearly like zy (y being a consonant); as, measure, treasure. 48. The letter q is always sounded like k ; and (pi are sounded like kw ; as, quit require conquer quite request * d2 20 49. The letter x has three sounds : [l.] When unmarked, hke ks ; as, tax wax flax SIX vex [2.] With one dot over it, hke gz ; as, exact exalt examine exult [3.] With t\yo dots over it, like z ; as, Xenophon. LESSON XIV. it IS not natural to do so. she is an unnatural mother, what is the nature of the plan ? who can measure it ? it is a vast treasure. I cannot find any pleasure in such a work. I am sure it is not safe to walk here, surely she can tell me where she piit it. the child will not quit its mother. I re- quested him to come, he does not require that of me. here are six boxes, he had two foxes. I went into the garden that I might gather some flax, but I gathered very little. I cannot find the wax. we must not vex him. she is very exact, he will examine what I have written, he will be exalted to a lofty place, we will be glad, exiilt and sing. I am not able to fix it m its proper place, mix this water with the milk, he shall come next to her. what was the text ? she met six oxen, the foxes stole six hens, piit the yoke on the neck of the ox. the ague is bad enough, but the plague is much worse, cleanse that cloth. 21 50. The letters ion are sounded like yun ; the letters sion and tion are sounded like shun ; and the letters sion are sounded like sun. The stress of the voice must always be placed on the syllable next before ion. If the 1 on ion has any mark, its sound will be known by that mark. union mansion nation confusion lion dominion passion position persuasion question notion evasion motion lotion The letters ti and ci when before an unmarked a, 1, o, or u are sounded like sh ; as, martial gracious partial LESSON XV. we must unite m completing the work, for union IS strength, here are some onions, he will have dominion over all in the land, she must not do such a bad action, he did not mention it to me. he has an odd notion, where did I piit the potion that was sent for the child to drmk? here is the lotion to wash his bad leg with, he has come from the station, she has lost her situation, and cannot get an other place, what is his condition ? she is m addition> he IS m subtraction, and I am in multiplication ; but division is much harder, we must not be in a passion, what a strange confusion ! others told me so. it was not the same dog but an other, we had no provisions with us. it was a national calamity, she was very partial, he sang a martial song, the man is very gracious. 22 tear tr9uble wear yea- Si. When two vowels come together in the same syllable they are called a diphthong. The letter w some-times forms part of a diphthong, having the effect of u. 52. Some-times one of the vowels is marked as silent, and is there-fore not sounded ; as, air fair bear friend dead hair death head door pair double pour LESSON XVI. my old friend is dead, do not strike my head. I cannot bear it. we met a dancing bear, we shall wear black clothes, shut the d69r. here is a pair of shoes, let us walk m the fresh air. pour some water on my hands. I will comb my hair a second time, he will give me double the labour that she did. dp not trouble him so much. 53. ea, ee, ei, and le are all sounded like e ; as, ea ee ei le beat deed ceil belief each feed seize believe east flee conceive chief feast free deceive field heat heed perceive fierce knead knee receive grief leaf need conceit grieve meat see deceit shield peace thee receipt thief sea three wield seat tree tea 23 LESSON XVII. we walked by the sea. she came to see us. he drank tea with us. here is a rose leaf, each of us must go to his seat, we shall have a treat, the heat makes me wish to sit in the shade, she has no meat to eat. the sun rises in the east, we must not quarrel, but be at peace with each other, the child sits on the knee of its mother, here are three roses, she will flee from them, let us sit under the tree, give heed to what he tells us. there is no need to do that. I cannot see where it is. come and feed the baby, that was a strange deed, he was felling a tree, and it fell on him, and it almost killed him. his feet are so weak that he is not able to walk, he seized the robber, and piit him in prison. I cannot wish to deceive him, and so I will tell him all the truth, when will he receive his wages ? he fears to face the foe. I see guilt m his face. I do not believe it. let us go into the field, this IS the chief thing, it made him grieve much, he was a thief, and stole what was in the bag. it w^as a strong but small shield, this is so long a weapon that he cannot wield it. 54. ei is sounded like a; as, heir, their. 55. ey is sounded like i ; as, eye. LESSON XVIII. this little child is heir to a large estate, their fiither and mother are both dead, he struck me between my eyes, she cannot close her eyes. 24 56. au, aw, and ou are sounded like a ; as. 57. aught dawn brought caught draw nought cause law ought naughty saw sought slaughter thought iiu IS soum ded like ii ; as, liunt draught liiugh liiughter LESSON XIX. what was the cause of that mistake ? I cannot tell him aught on the subject, we caught many fishes, there was a frightful slaughter, the law is very clear on that matter, we saw the whole battle, and a shocking sight it was. that horse cannot draw the cart, the dawn began to appear, she ought not to do such a thing, we brought him home. I can see nought to justify her conduct, she sought her child with many tears, she must not tear her frock, we thought it might do some harm, his iiunt and his uncle were walking m the garden, and trampled on a number of ants, why did she liiugh so much ? perhaps it was to try by her liiughter to hide a sad heart ; but it is a hard thing quite to conceal the feelings, she gave him a driiught of cold water, he drank some warm tea. the doctor sent him a driiught m a bottle, to cure a cold he had caught by sitting m a driiught of wind when he was warm, this was thoughtless and unwise. 2') 58. eau, eu, and ew, are sounded like u ; as, beauty feud dew beautiful few knew new view LESSON XX. it IS wrong to stir up feuds, we must try to end quarrels quickly, there is a heavy dew on the grass, she knew him not in his new dress, few persons have so fine a view, what a beauty ! never have I heard such beautiful music. 59. eau, ew, oa, and 6w, are sounded like 6 ; as, beau sew board blow. boat flow float grow moat know throat owe slow sow. LESSON XXI. he is such a beau in his new dress, she must sew her frock, and he will sow the seeds, the wind began to blow, the waters flow very slowly, the trees have ceased growing, no man can know that, we owe him a debt of thankfulness, the waves tossed the boat, he seized me by the throat, this vessel can hardly float, there is but little water in the moat, this board has been bored fiili of holes, there is very little snow m that field, he went abroad, to escape from those to whom he owed money. 26 60. 00 and ou are sounded like ii ; as, book could food should foot would good look stood took wood LESSON XXII. that IS a very good book, he stood with one foot m the boat and the other on the shore, this flesh is not good for food, look at this beautifiil book, she should not talk so fast, why could he not sit still in his seat ? could she come, if I were to mvite her ? I cannot see why you should be so angry for so trifling a fault, the poor girl could hardly avoid it. I think that that '* that *' that that gentleman used ought to have been *' which.'' 60. 00, 6u. and ew, are sounded like u ; as. loose through drew moon vou threw noon your withdrew smooth youth soon too LESSON xxiir. did you tell me truly, why it was you did not come 1 your father will be there, his youth is no excuse for such folly; though some persons perhaps will be ready to excuse him. it is pleasant to walk by the light of the moon, the horse soon broke lopse, and ran back to the stable, what a smooth sea ! through the whole afternoon the sun has been too hot for a comfortable walk, he drew me aside, told his tale, and then withdrew from the room, he threw a stone into the water, the swallows will soon take their flight. I hope to-morrow will be a fine day. he hopes to be able to shoot some partridges among the turnips, that bird hops along on the high road, his dog will fetch and carry almost iiny thmg that is not too big or too heavy. 1 could not comply with his desire, you would not confess your fault, as you ought to have done. 61. ai, ay, ea, ei, and ey, are sounded alike; as. fain day br eak feign prey faith hay gr: eat rei^n they hail may rems convey laid pay weigh survey maid pray eight nail say pam betray rain sail tail 62. ai and ay are sounded like the ^rst sound o"f e ; as, again says against said saith LESSON XXIV. I piit no faith in his fair speeches, the hail fell for a short time ; but, when the wind changed, it was suc- ceeded by ram. he hung his coat on a nail in the * K 2 28 wall, when the wind was high, and the sea rough, he took up the mast, and laid it^ with the sail, in the bottom of the boat, the little maid was caught m the rain, the whole day has been one of hail and snow, may I say that you will come soon ? there will be a great storm ; and I should advise you to make haste home, cut up this wood^ and break these branches, gather some kindling, to light a fire for your breakfast, do not feign to know what you are Ignorant of. I would fain know why he did not come, no king is likely to reign a great many years, weigh well your words before you speak, they are like hungry wolves, greedy after prey, he must pay what is due to you. they said that it was impossible to reach the place in good time, you must come again soon, he ran against me in the twilight, she says you ought not to go. she pUt on her veil, he said she was a widow, he gave me a very ugly blow, the woman seems almost crazy, he came to bid me adieu, the weather is very hazy ; we can hardly distinguish any thing a few yards off. give him some- thing to assuage his pain, you must be on your guard against such faults. 63. 01 and oy are sounded alike ; as. boil broil boy ■ joy jom toy noise annoy voice void destroy avoid LESSON XXV. speak with a gentle voice ; and dp not make so great 29 a noise, boil the beef, and broil the fish, you seem to be void of understanding, do you not know that you ought to behave more wisely ? a naughty boy will speedily do mischief, this will piit an end to all our joy. a child is not long pleased with the same toy; it breaks one, and then wants an other, we must avoid giving trouble. I saw a boy that was deaf and dumb, tlie hail may destroy the ^yhole crop, dp not annoy him in that way. 64. ou and ow are sounded alike ; as, bough house bow how cloud houses brow now drought found loud plough thou LESSON XXVI. drown fowl vow he will bow down, he has bent his bow, and made it ready, now we will look for the longest bough on this tree, we shall soon see how to do it. she sat down m the middle of the room, he found the sow among the flower-beds, what fine fowls these are! how many houses are there here ! what a dark cloud IS behind the town ! how loud the thunder sounded ! before we sow the land, w^e must plough it well, be careful to make straight furrows, the seed that he sowed did not grow, on account of the great drought, the high wind caught the sail, and upset the little boat ; so that the t>yo boys, who could not swim, were drowned, this caused great sorrow to the parents of both the poor fellows, they were buried, at the same time, in a church-yard that lies on the brow of the hill over-looking the sea. lie is a 30 lazy man, and will neither plough nor sow. almost all men gain their bread either by the sweat of their brow, or tlie toil of their brain ; and they who are not obliged to work for their food, must find some em- ployment for themselves, m order to preserve their health, there is a great quantity of snow on the ground, look on that crow, which is perched on the highest bough of the tree, the cock began to crow, the flowers will soon open, if we get a few warm showers, they wandered from house to house, and from chamber tp chamber, that road is dangerous on account of the nearness of the cliffs, light me a candle from that w^ax taper, be carefiil not to squabble about trifles, he squandered his money, by spending it on things he did not want, wiiste not, want not. he tied the mule to the manger, by a halter that was too weak to hold the animal ; and so it quickly broke loose, and ran to the pond, to get a draught of water, poor thing ! it was very thirsty. I cannot quench my thirst, he drank many cups of tea, but could not satisfy hinself. he will soon begin to quarrel with you ; but, if you give him a gentle answer, he will see his folly, you must gargle your mouth, his throat is much inflamed, and his tongue swollen, they let down the anchor by means of the cable, he stood in the bow of the boat, her mouth IS sore ; you must give her a little alum, you cannot swallow so large a piece, take courage ; the worst will soon be over, he bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and brought him to an inn. 65. The mark " (called the short mark), piit over any letter, shows that it is not in the same syllable as the letter before it. If the mark is on the first letter of a word, that letter is not m the same syllable as the 31 next letter. The short mark, put over a vowel, shows also that the vowel is not silent, and that it has its first sound. being seeth wicked naked (naked) easier real profited easiest learned visited 6G. When a word is separated by a hyphen, each of its parts is sounded as a separate word ; as, shep-herd, fore-tell, fore-father. 67. When a w or y comes between t\yo vowels, it is to be sounded with the first, if there is no short mark on the first vowel ; as, drawer, drawing. But if a short mark is piit on the ftrst vowel, or a hyphen after it, the w or y begins the next syllable ; as, away, re-ward, be-yond, LESSON XX VII. which of the two things is easier for you to do ? what were they saying to you? what seest thou there ? he seeth that they seethe flesh m a large cauldron, you must learn diligently while you are y9ung ; and you will be the happier for it as you grow up to manliood. it was a wicked thing to treat that poor old man in such a way. you will never be a learned man, if you are an idle boy. all my toil pro- fited me nothing, they requited his great kindness in a very strange and ungrateful way. she visited me in my sickness ; and I am thankfiil for her kind- ness, his bounty was very great, his love is real, really I do not know, he took my book, and ran iiway laughing at me ; and, his legs being longer than mine, I could not catch him. what shall be my 32 re-ward ? he walked away, be-yond the sound of my voice. I could not make him hear what I meant to say. we cannot fore-tell future events, he inherits that land from his fore-fiithers. I fore-saw that you would be displeased with her conduct, because she did not conduct herself prudently, the child is quite naked, some pressing business called him away from home, you ought not to snatch away my book. 68. Any combinations o"f vowels not already men- tioned must be sounded in two syllables, unless one or more is marked as being silent ; as, create piety rum cruel poem science poet violent LESSON XXVIIl. are you not going to school ? he creates great con- fusion by his disorderly conduct, he tried hard to deceive us, but could not succeed, he seems to be a man of true piety, the child is quite quiet now. she has a violent temper ; and that is very trying to her family, the poor child was crying on account of the cold, he was an uiikind father, and a cruel man. he will use threats, but you must not mind his violence, he struck his elbow against the chair, she wrote a beautifiil poem. I see no reason to doubt the reality of the story, that poet has great skill. 69. The following list contains words that are sounded alike, though they are wntten differently. air auffht bean beer berth *o ere ought been bier birth heir ^jj ball beau bell boar g^^l bawl bow . belle bore 33 bough bow bread bred brewed brood call caul cause caws ceil seal chews choose dear deer dew due die dye doe dough done dun ewe yew you eye I' fam feign fanit fenit fair fare find fined foul fowl hall haul hart heart hear here heard herd hnn hymn hole whole hour our m inn knead need knew new knight night knot not know no knows nose lead led leak leek meat meet might mite nay neigh none nun oar ore pair pare pear pause paws peace piece peal peel pole poll pore pour pray prey ram reign rams reins right — rite Wright ring wring road rode rowed roe row rose rows scene seen sea see seam seem sew so sow sight site sloe slow soar sore sole soul some sum son sun their there threw through thyme tune told tolled ton tun vam vein 34 LESSON XXIX. it IS not right to write so badly, if you can do better. he wrote a book about the rites of that strange people, he is a wheel-wright. he rode on the high road, while we rowed on the water, a brave knight went forth on a moon-light night *tp seek the foe. this tiny mite has but little might ; we might find thousands like it, in a small piece of decayed cheese, if you will hold your peace, you shall have a piece of cake, do you know how to knit ? no ; I do not know, this knot is tied so tight, that I am not able to untie it. my dear child, you must sit down, so ; while I sit and sew your new frock, and your father goes out to sow some seeds m the garden, bow your head a little, or else you will knock it against that bough, you ought not to do aught of that kind, he piit the whole of it m a small hole, we shall fare badly, unless we have fair weather, she knew that the book was new. he will pore over his task, and I will pour out the tea. there I saw their aunt, he led me to a pipe of lead, that was made to lead away the water, this is the heaviest ram we have had m this king's reign ; and, if it rains much longer, it will spoil my new reins, what has he done with the dun cow ? he bore off the head of the boar, as soon as I told him that the little girl was dead, he tolled the bell, she is quite a belle, my dear boy, you shall go with me, to see the deer in the park, they set down the bier, and each of them drank a glass of beer, before they bore the body to the grave. I will pare these apples ; and then I will give you a pear to eat, while I fetch a pair of gloves, when he went to ceil the room, he found a seal near the dow. look at the pretty lambs ; but do not go near that ram. 35 lest he should butt with his horns, the wagon brought a tun of wine and a ton of coals, he threw a stone through the window, he was bred to a trade, but was not able to gam his bread by it. his son and he walked in the sun, while we sat m the shade, do you see that boat on the sea, and that ewe, with her t\yo lambs, near the yew tree ? I feel a pam m my right eye. I asked the nun to sell me some lace, but she told me they made none, look at this row of fish, and examine the roe of this fish, we six little girls sit in t^yo rows, and each has a rose, we arose with the sun, and the boat-man, helped by his son, rows us on the water, though they could find no law on the point, they fined him for his conduct. he would fam have deceived me, and so began to fei^n that he had never seen me before, we sought m vain for a vein of metal, let each man take an oar, and we will soon row away with this boat-load of copper ore. it is not meet that you should eat my meat, he began to haul up the packages that lay in the hall, he chews his meat slowly, whde I take a long time to choose what I will eat. let us join him m singing that hymn, if he should call again, give him the caul of the sheep, he did nothing but bawl, like a booby, when he lost his ball, she has no need to knead so much dough, we all must die once, this man's trade is to dye wool, within an hour we shall reach our house, the taste of the sloe IS so tart, that I am slow in eating a sloe-tart. she will knead the dough, while her husband kills the doe. pay me what is due to me. there is a heavy dew. they stuck on a pole the numbers at the close of the poll, the doge's nose is very good ; by it he knows where to find the game, listen to that peal of bells, give me that orange-peel. I pray you do not become * F 2 36 a prey to anger, we heard the lowing of the herd. I could not have the heart to kill that noble hart, that the hunters had been pursuing so long, she does not seem to know how to sew a seam, some boys would soon do that sum. the sight of the place was mournful to me ; for the site of the house m which I was born was occupied by standing corn, all the flowers of my pretty garden, which I had nursed with so much care, were gone, not a soul was there ; I was the sole tenant of the place. I was m great pam, from the sole of my foot to the crown of my head, it was a silly feat, to walk with his feet against the ceiling, this is the fourth day since he came forth out of his house, it was the eighth day after his arrival. I have been looking for a bean, but can find only a pea. all that I could see was the shoe-maker's awl. never since his birth did he sleep m so snug a berth, m the place where he had brewed fus ale, there was a brood of chickens, the cloth was so coarse, that of course it was much cheaper than the other, what is the cause, that the daw caws so frequently ? she made a feint that she was going to faint, the weather was so foul, that not a fowl would leave the yard, he came in a coach from the inn. I tried to stop the leak m the boat, with a leek from my basket, at a pause m the music the bear raised his paws, she began to wring her hands, as soon as she heard the bells ring, such a sad scene I had never seen before, the bird could not soar. I had a sore leg. I had no time to fetch any thyme from the garden. Did you hear the ass bray ? nay ; I heard the horse neigh, the weather was so fine, that he took out his son and heir, to walk in the sun and enjoy the warm air ; but, ere they had been long out of the house, the wind changed, and the air became quite cold. 37 70. The following list consists of words that are sounded differently, though they are spelled alike. bow) tear) insult) .. bow j tear 3 insult 3 cant ) use) object) ciin'tj use 3 object} close) excuse) present) close) excuse) present) live ) absent ) produce ) live) absent) produce) lives ) conduct ) rebel ) lives) conduct) rebel) sow) desert) sow) desert) LESSON XXX. you were absent from school yesterday ; you must be careful not to absent yourself any more, do not pretend to excuse yourself; because you have no good excuse to give, she must learn to conduct herself in a better manner ; or else her conduct will expose her to great blame, he was so cruel, as to desert his family, in the middle of the desert, he made a slight bow, and shot with his bow. the old sow is m the garden, where you are to sow the seeds. I saw a tear in her eye, when I was going to tear the letter, this book is of no use to me ; for I dp not know how to use it. I ciin't abide such silly cant, we shall live by selling live fish, he will not object to give money for so good an object, produce your accounts, and show what produce you have sold, he hves by saving the lives of others, dp not insult him ; he is too passionate to bear any insult, while my mother was present, they wished tp present me with a gold watch, the saucy little rebel did nothing- but 38 rebel against my authority, close the shutters, and Diit my chair close to the fire- side. 71. Each of the following words has two or more meanings, some of which have no connection with each other. bear fleet lay - net bore found left right bound graze light rush crow hold may saw do hide mean sound even kind means spoke fair leave mount tell fare leaves neat well LESSON XXXI. a white bear can bear gi 'eat cold. he bore great fatigue, when he had to bore a deep well, the little animal was bound ; and so it could not bound m its usiial way. it will not do for him to do so an other time, it is hard to walk so fast, even on even o-round. we saw sundry fair damsels at the fair. we had but poor fare to eat ; as we were obliged to keep some money, to pay our fare to the boat-man. the horse was fleet ; but could not overtake the man, before he was safe on board one of the vessels m the fleet, he found a sufficient quantity of metal, to found a statue of the person, who had done so much o-ood, and who had wished to found a hospital in his native town, the horse had begun to graze, when a shot was fired, which happened to graze his right ear. we could not piit more wheat into the hold of the shij), for it would hold no more, he had stolen a bullock's hide ; which he attempted to hide m the roof of his cottage, it was not kind to act in that kind of way. he gave her leave to gO; but she 39 would not leave her child, she leaves her children in the garden ; and they amiise themselves ni gather- nig leaves. I will lay down my blanket here, in the place where I lay last night, he lost his right hand ; but his left hand is still left quite unhurt, the load IS light; and we hope to reach the end of our J9urney, before we lose the light of the moon. I do not think he could mean to act in so mean a way. we cannot see by what means he means to perform his task, we shall mount our horses, and ride to the top of the mount, she is a neat dairy-woman, and her husband has a good many neat cattle, it is not right to use your left hand instead of your right, dp not rush hastily into the water ; but go slowly in, and gather for me the tallest rush you can find, we saw them hard at work with a long saw. she struck the basin, to try if it were sound, and knew it was so, by the sound it gave, there are many vessels m the sound, and some of them will soon piit to sea. I spoke to the wheel-wright, to make me a new spoke or two. we cannot till the land till the frost is gone. I am not well en9ugh to fetch water from the well, the cock will crow, and the crow will croak, m the month of May we may have warm weather, though they caught many fish m each net, yet the net value to their employers was not great. LESSON xxxii. what ails this field of wheat? it has been beaten down by the hail, you must not go into the air without some covering on your hair, he drinks too much ale ; but he looks quite hale and hearty, all the family are at the hall, alter this bit, while I piit the halter on the mule. I am not fond of ham. lift 40 your eye on high, and hand me down that plum, we will sit m this arb9ui% and look at the ships in the harb9ur. my arm has taken no harm, he found an arrow, when he went to harrow that field, he must use some art m coming near that hart, when you have cut down the ash you shall have some hash for dinner, when you sit at table you must not keep on your hat. with his left ear he cannot hear much, eat some of this meat, while I heat the tart. I must piit an edge to my bill, and then lower this hedge, he found an eel under his right heel, this piece of elm will make a good helm, a wooden ewer will suit a hewer of wood. I am so ill that I cannot mount the hill, his ire is great, because you will not hire him. it is his fault, it will hit you. my oar IS covered by hoar frost, that old nad will not hold, on the osier bed the hosier laid the stockings, the otter does not wish the water hotter. •uv.wc^mmf/uvi M