CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 A. S. COOPER, State Mineralogist. 
 
 BULLETIN No. 20. San Francisco, December, 1900. 
 
 ^ 
 
 vw 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF GENERAL REPORT 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU, 
 
 By W. L. WATTS, E.M. 
 
 Published under the Direction of HENRY t! GAGE, Governor of the Skte of California. 
 
 SACRAMENTO: 
 A. J. JOHNSTON, : : : : superintendent state printing. 
 
 1901. 
 
 — ^ 
 
 i 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 DAVIS 
 
CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 A. S. COOPER, State Mineralogist. 
 
 BULLETIN No. 20. San Francisco, December, 1900. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF GENERAL REPORT 
 
 CALirORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU, 
 
 By MT. L. "WATTS, E.M. 
 
 Published uoder the Direction of HENRY T. GAGE, Governor of the State of California. 
 
 SACRAMENTO: 
 A. J. JOHNSTON, : : : : superintendent state printing. 
 
 1901. 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 To His Excellency Henry T. Gage, Governor of the State of California-, 
 The Honorable the Board of Trustees of the State Mining 
 Bureau; and Hon. A. S. Cooper, State Mineralogist: 
 
 Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit to you my report on work 
 done as prescribed under Chapter XCV, Statutes of California, 1899, in 
 that portion of the section relative to the State Mining Bureau, which 
 provides " that twenty thousand dollars shall be expended in making a 
 practical and scientific examination of the Mother Lode and other 
 mineral districts of California, including the oil-districts, and preparing 
 a brief and accurate history of such districts and the development, 
 product, resources, methods of working, and future possibilities of the 
 mining and oil industries of California, such examinations to be made 
 by competent experts experienced in California mining, and assistants; 
 all of whom shall be appointed and their compensation fixed by the 
 Governor." 
 
 In accordance with the tenor of the enactment cited, the work was 
 divided under three heads, namely: The Mother Lode Region, The Oil 
 and Gas Yielding Formations, and Other Mineral Districts of California. 
 
 The last-mentioned division of the work included a general recon- 
 naissance of the State, in order that a record might be made showing 
 the present status of the mining industry of California, which had not 
 been reported on since 1896, except in our annual statistical bulletins. 
 
 The Mother Lode region was investigated by Mr. W. H. Storms, who 
 prepared a bulletin on the subject. 
 
 The oil-districts were investigated by Mr. W. L. Watts, the writer of 
 this report, who prepared a bulletin on " The Oil and Gas Yielding 
 Formations of California." 
 
 Although both the time and the means available were very limited, a 
 general reconnaissance was made of every county in the State, and a 
 report was prepared showing in as detailed a manner as time and cir- 
 cumstances would permit the condition of the mining and mineral 
 industry.* 
 
 .. The gentlemen who participated in the work are as follows: Mr. 
 Stephen Bowers, who visited Alpine, Butte, portion of Fresno, Inyo, a 
 
 *It is in order to draw attention to the fact that, with the exception of Texas, Cali- 
 fornia is the largest State in the Union, it having an area of about 157,456 square miles. 
 The $20,000 provided for investigating this area and making a record of its mining indus- 
 tries and mineral products represents less than one twenty-eighth of one per cent of 
 the value of those mineral products for the two years ending December, 1899. 
 
4 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 portion of Kern, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, 
 Mono, Plumas, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Tulare, and Yuba 
 counties; Mr. F. M. Anderson, who visited Del Norte, Humboldt, Sis- 
 kiyou, and Trinity counties; Mr. Lewis H. Eddy, who visited Alameda, 
 San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Shasta, and Sierra counties; Mr. 
 George A. Tweedy, who visited Colusa, Glenn, part of Kern, Monterey, 
 Sacramento, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, and Yolo counties; Mr. W. H. 
 Storms, who visited Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, 
 Placer, and Tuolumne counties; Mr. W. L. Watts, who visited Los 
 Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Santa Barbara, part of Kern, Kings, part of 
 Fresno, and part of Monterey counties; Mr. P. J. Healy, who visited 
 Marin, Contra Costa, and San Francisco counties; and Mr. H. C. B. 
 Co well, who assisted in the editorial work. It is only justice here to 
 mention the name of Mr. W. F. Preston, of the State Printing Office at 
 Sacramento, whose care and ability have greatly added to the typo- 
 graphical excellence of our publications. 
 
 At this writing. Bulletin No. 18, by Mr. W. H. Storms, entitled "The 
 Mother Lode Region," and Bulletin No. 19, by Mr. W. L. Watts, en- 
 titled "The Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of California," are 
 printed; and the General Report on the different counties of the State is 
 in the hands of the printer, but there are no funds wherewith to print it. 
 
 Since the General Report could not be printed owing to lack of funds, 
 the writer prepared Bulletin No. 20, from the manuscript of the General 
 Report and from the statistical bulletins for 1896, '97, '98, and '99, com- 
 piled by Mr. Chas. G. Yale, Statistician to the California State Mining 
 Bureau. 
 
 The object of this bulletin is to show in general terms the condition 
 of the mining industry of California, the rate of its advance and the 
 lines along which the advance has been made since 1896, together with 
 the relative importance of the various mineral products. 
 
 It has been necessary so to condense the statements made that they 
 might be printed without exceeding the meager balance remaining in 
 the printing fund of the Mining Bureau. 
 
 Most respectfully yours, 
 
 W. L. WATTS. 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 FOR THE FOUR YEARS ENDING DECEMBER, 1899. 
 
 The value of the mineral products of California for 1899 was 
 $29,313,460. This sum exceeds the value of the entire crop of wheat 
 and barley in California for that year, although the crop of 1899 was 
 an exceptionally large one. 
 
 Throughout the State there are more than 1500 mines, either in active 
 operation or at which development work is carried on. A large pro- 
 portion of these mines are productive. Of the total number of mines 
 reported there are, approximately, 700 quartz mines, 300 placer mines, 
 210 hydraulic mines, 120 drift mines, and 52 copper mines. Of these 
 there are about 20 w'hich produce silver; there are also 34 quicksilver 
 mines. 
 
 The rate of advance of the mining interests of California, and the lines 
 along which this advance has been made, can be seen by the tables 
 included in this bulletin. 
 
 Table No. 1 shows the total value of the mineral products of California 
 for the years 1896, ^97, '98, '99, and the relative value of the outputs of 
 (1) precious metals; (2) base metals and platinum; (3) petroleum; 
 (4) structural materials; and (5) those minerals classed under the head 
 of "Other Minerals." 
 
 TABLE No. 1. 
 
 1896. 
 
 1897. 
 
 1898. 
 
 1899. 
 
 Precious metals 
 (gold and sil- 
 ver).. 
 
 Base metals 
 (antimony, 
 copper, lead, 
 quicksilver, 
 and plati- 
 num) 
 
 Petroleum (as- 
 phaltum, bi- 
 tuminous 
 rock, gas, oil) 
 
 Structural ma- 
 terials 
 
 Other minerals 
 
 Total value.. 
 
 $17,604,026 30 
 
 72.47% 
 
 $16,324,190 
 
 1,317,036 70 
 
 5.42 
 
 2,558.775 
 
 1,777,340 00 
 
 7.31 
 
 2,513,449 
 
 2,160,272 00 
 
 8.89 
 
 1,811,023 
 
 1,432,723 00 
 
 5.89 
 
 1,935,004 
 
 $24,291,398 00 
 
 
 $25,142,441 
 
 64.92^ 
 
 10.17 
 
 $16,320,553 
 
 3,690,701 
 
 9.99 j 3,070,594 
 
 7.20 2,093,379 
 7 69 2,113,872 
 
 ; $27,289,079 
 
 59.80% 
 
 13.52 
 
 11.25 
 
 7.67 
 
 7.74 
 
 $15,840,043 
 
 5,441,521 
 
 3,180,020 
 
 2,382,347 
 
 54.03% 
 
 18.56 
 
 10.84 
 
 8.12 
 8.42 
 
 $29,313,460 \. 
 
6 
 
 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 In this table, under the head of ^' Other Minerals," are included 
 borax, coal, mineral waters, salt, asbestos, gypsum, magnesite, sulphur, 
 soda, pyrites, mineral paint, chromite, manganese, Fuller's earth, and 
 lithia mica. " Structural Materials " include lime and cement, lime- 
 stone, granite, sandstone, marble, California "onyx," quartz sand, glass 
 sand, serpentine, slate, macadam, rubble and paving blocks, and bricks 
 and pottery. 
 
 From the foregoing table it is apparent that during the past four 
 years the value of the gold and silver product has decreased both in 
 quantity and in relation to the other mineral products of the State. 
 
 The decline in absolute value is due principally to the scarcity of 
 water for mining and milling, resulting from a series of comparatively 
 dry winters. The decline in the relative value of the gold and silver 
 output as compared with the value of the output of other minerals is 
 due to the great advance in the production of copper, quicksilver, petro- 
 leum, and coal. 
 
 It is in order briefly to review the status of the different mineral 
 industries of California. 
 
 PRECIOUS METALS. 
 
 (Gold and Silver ) 
 
 Although the output of gold and silver during the past four years 
 shows an absolute decline of about 10% and a relative decline of about 
 18% as compared with the output of other minerals, gold and silver 
 mining continues to be by far the most important mineral industry of 
 the State, and the value of these metals constitutes more than one half 
 of that of the total mineral product. Table No. 2 shows the absolute 
 and the relative value of gold and silver produced in 1896, '97, '98, '99. 
 
 TABLE No. 2. PRECIOUS METALS. 
 
 
 189G. 
 
 1897. 
 
 1898. 
 
 1899. 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 117,181,562 70 
 422,463 60 
 
 97.60% 
 2.39 
 
 $15,871,401 
 452,789 
 
 97.22% 
 2.77 
 
 $1,5,906,478 
 4U,055 
 
 97.46% 
 2.53 
 
 $15,336,031 
 504,012 
 
 96.81% 
 3.18 
 
 Totals.... 
 
 117,604,026 30 
 
 ...... 
 
 $16,324,190 
 
 
 $16,320,533 
 
 
 $15,840,043 
 
 
 Thus it is seen that during the past four years the average value of 
 the output of gold and silver in California has been more than sixteen 
 and half millions of dollars, and of this sum the value of the gold has 
 represented more than 97% of the total amount.* 
 
 *The figures given for the output of silver are a little too low, owing to the fact tlmt 
 in many returns small amounts of silver are not separated from the gold. 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 As previously shown, there are, all told, about 1330 gold mines at 
 which work is carried on. Supported by these mines there are about 
 300 mills, dropping about 4,000 stamps; 136 concentrators, 10 chlori- 
 nation plants, 3 canvas plants, 44 arrastras, 34 cyanide plants, and 6 
 slimes plants, also one smelter and refinery at which ores from California 
 and elsewhere are treated. 
 
 The power used at these plants is as follows: Water at 106, steam at 
 117, electricity at 21, compressed-air at 43, gasoline at 14, horse-power 
 at 19. The mechanical appliances used are shown to be: 21 power- 
 drill plants, 65 hoists, 17 whims, 12,580' of wire tramways, 150 miles of 
 ditches and flumes, and 150,000' of water-pipe. There are also reported 
 two elevators used in placer mining, and one lixiviation works. About 
 20,000 men are employed in gold and silver mining in this State. 
 
 In addition to the above, during 1900 dredge mining has been actively 
 prosecuted in several localities, and it is said that the results are very 
 satisfactory. 
 
 BASE METALS AND PLATINUM. 
 
 As shown in Table No. 1 , the production of this group of metals has 
 greatly increased the value of the output for 1899, constituting 18.56% 
 of the value of the total mineral product of the State. The base metals 
 included under this head are antimony, copper, lead, and quicksilver. 
 
 Table No. 3 shows the absolute and relative value of the output of 
 the base metals and platinum for the years 1896, '97, '98, and '99. 
 
 TABLE No. 3. BASE METALS AND PLATINUM. 
 
 
 1896. 
 
 1897. 
 
 1898. 
 
 1899. 
 
 Antimony 
 
 Copper 
 
 Lead . . 
 
 $2,320 00 
 
 199,518 70 
 
 38,805 00 
 
 1,075,449 00 
 
 944 00 
 
 .17% 
 
 15.14 
 
 2.94 
 
 81.66 
 
 .09 
 
 $3,500 
 
 1,540,666 
 
 20,264 
 
 993,445 
 
 900 
 
 .13% 
 60.21 
 
 .79 
 38.82 
 
 .03 
 
 $1,200 
 2,475,168 
 
 23,907 
 
 1,188,626 
 
 1,800 
 
 .03% 
 67.06 
 
 .64 
 32.20 
 
 .04 
 
 $13,500 
 
 3,990,534 
 
 30.642 
 
 1,405,045 
 
 1,800 
 
 .24% 
 73.33 
 .56 
 
 Quicksilver ... 
 Platinum 
 
 25.82 
 .03 
 
 Totals 
 
 $1,317,037 70 
 
 
 $2,558,775 
 
 
 $3,690,701 
 
 
 $5,441,521 
 
 
 It is noticeable that the increase in the value of the base metals pro- 
 duced in California arises from a great advance in the production of 
 copper and quicksilver. 
 
 As shown in Table No. 3, the value of the output of copper in 1896 
 was nearly $200,000; of this amount Shasta County produced more 
 than 92%, the remainder coming from Nevada, Calaveras, and Amador 
 counties. 
 
 In 1897 the value of the copper output was reported as $1,540,666, 
 and of this amount $1,535,966 must be credited to Shasta County. 
 
8 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 In the Statistical Bulletin published by the Mining Bureau in 1898, 
 five counties are shown to have produced copper: Amador, 5l>300; Cala- 
 veras, $2,052; Shasta, $2,465,830; Inyo, $3,986; Nevada, $3,000; the 
 total, $2,475,168, being an increase of nearly $1,000,000 over the output 
 of 1897. 
 
 The Statistical Bulletin for 1899 shows that copper w^as produced in 
 four counties: Shasta, $3,565,023; San Bernardino, $232,329; Cala- 
 veras, $27,586; Nevada, $7,084; unapportioned, $158,502; the total, 
 $3,990,534, being an increase in two years of about two and a half 
 millions of dollars. 
 
 The Report of the State Mineralogist for 1896 showed three producing 
 copper mines, one in each of the following counties: Shasta, Amador, 
 and San Bernardino; also 14 other copper mines in course of develop- 
 ment; 1260 men being employed. 
 
 In 1896 there were 3 copper smelters in operation in California. ' 
 
 In 1900 there were f(!)und to be 13 productive copper mines, and 30 
 mines in the course of development. Copper mining, including both 
 the operative and developing stages, was carried on in twelve counties, 
 about 1900 men being employed. There were 7 copper smelters in 
 operation, having an aggregate capacity of about 1500 tons, and at this 
 writing still another copper smelter is practically completed. 
 
 QUICKSILVER. 
 
 Table No. 3 shows that the value of the output of quicksilver has 
 increased more than 30% during the past four years, although the great 
 increase in the production of copper has caused the relative importance 
 of quicksilver among the base metals of California to diminish. Tak- 
 ing the operations of the first half of 1900 as a basis of estimation, the 
 output of quicksilver for the year 1900 should greatly exceed that of 
 any of the four years preceding. 
 
 In 1896 the Report of the State Mineralogist showed that there were 
 11 productive quicksilver mines, and 9 in course of development, 20 
 furnaces being in operation, and altogether about 700 men employed. 
 
 In 1900 there were 19 productive quicksilver mines, 15 in course of 
 development, 41 furnaces in operation, and about 1300 men employed- 
 
 PETROLEUM. 
 
 The minerals grouped under this head include asphaltum, bituminous 
 rock, gas, and oil. Table No. 1 shows that during the past four years 
 there has been an increase of more than 78% in the value of the output 
 of these minerals, which value constitutes about 11% of the value of the 
 entire mineral product of the State. 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 9 
 
 Table No. 4 shows the absolute and relative value of the outputs of 
 asphaltum, bituminous rock, gas, and oil for the four years ending 
 December, 1899. 
 
 TABLE No. 4. PETROLEUM. 
 
 
 1896. 
 
 1897. ! 
 
 • 
 
 1898. 
 
 1899. 
 
 Asphaltum 
 
 Bituminous Rock. 
 
 Natural Gas 
 
 Oil 
 
 $362,590 
 122,500 
 111,457 
 
 1,180,793 
 
 20.40% 
 6.89 
 6.27 
 
 66.43 
 
 $404,550 
 
 128,173 
 
 62,657 
 
 1,918,269 
 
 16.08%, 
 5.09 i 
 2.49 1 
 
 76.32 
 
 $482,175 
 
 137,575 
 
 74,424 
 
 2,376,420 
 
 15.70% 
 
 4.48 
 
 2.42 
 77.39 
 
 $308,130 
 
 116,097 
 
 05,000 
 
 2,660,793 
 
 9.68% 
 3.65 
 2.98 
 83.67 
 
 Totals 
 
 $1,777,340 
 
 
 $2,513,449 
 
 $.^070..'SfU 
 
 
 $3180020 < 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 From the foregoing table it will be observed that the great increase in 
 the value of the output of petroleum in California is due to the 
 increased production of oil, which itself constitutes about 9% of the 
 value of the entire mineral output of the State. 
 
 The records obtained show that the production of petroleum in Cali- 
 fornia has increased from about 12,000 bbls. in 1876, to nearly 2,500,000 
 bbls. in 1899, and the production for 1900 will be much larger. 
 
 The rate of increase during the four years ending 1899 was: 
 
 1896 - - 1,257,580 bbls. 
 
 1897 - - — . 1,900,000 bbls. 
 
 1898 2,200,000 bbls. 
 
 1899 2,400,000 bbls. . 
 
 In 1896 there were in California about 650 producing wells and about 
 100 prospect wells. 
 
 In August, 1900, there were about 1590 producing wells and 470 
 prospect wells; also 10 oil and 5 asphaltum refineries. 
 
 Petroleum has a value to this State which is independent of its price 
 per barrel; this value arises from its power as a generator of industries 
 which could not exist unless a cheap and suitable fuel was available; 
 and this power when exerted in our own State becomes a permanent 
 factor in our commercial economy. 
 
 Nearly all the oil-fields which at this writing contribute to the petro- 
 leum output of California, are situated below the 17th township line 
 south of Mount Diablo; this line is a little north of the latitude of 
 Visalia. The productive oil-fields in the portion of the State referred to 
 are distributed as follows: In the foothills of the Sierras near the eastern 
 extremity of the San Joaquin Valley ; on the eastern slope of one of the 
 Coast Ranges which forms the western boundary of the San Joaquin 
 Valley, and in other localities of the Coast Ranges which traverse Santa 
 Barbara, Ventura, and Orange counties. 
 
10 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 It must not be supposed that the oil-yielding formations are confined 
 to the localities enumerated, for they constitute a large portion of the 
 mountains composing the Coast Range system. Moreover, in many 
 places, they form the bedrock beneath the alluvium of the valley land. 
 It does not necessarily follow that wherever these oil-yielding forma- 
 tions are found they contain oil in valuable quantities any more than 
 the coal-measures always contain valuable beds of coal, but it is a rea- 
 sonable conclusion that there are in California numerous areas through 
 which these formations extend wherein new oil- fields will be discovered, 
 and these remarks apply to a large portion of the State which lies 
 between the Sierras and the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL. 
 
 As shown in Table No. 1, the value of the output of the commodities 
 classed under this head constitutes about 8% of the value of the entire 
 mineral production of the State. The most important of these commodi- 
 ties are brick and pottery, the value of which in 1899 constituted more 
 than a third of the total value of the structural materials produced in 
 California. During the past four years the output of structural mate- 
 rials has been steadily maintained, and the production of brick and 
 pottery shows a gradual increase. 
 
 OTHER MINERALS. 
 
 Reference to Table No. 1 shows that during the past four years the 
 value of the output of substances classed under this head has risen 
 from 5.98% to 8.42% of the total value of the mineral products of the 
 State. This is due principally to the increase in the output of borax 
 and coal, which has been nearly doubled since 1896. Of the group of 
 substances under discussion, borax constitutes more than 46% and coal 
 more than 17% of the total value. 
 
 As previously stated, the value of the total mineral output of Cali- 
 fornia for 1899 was $29,313,460. This shows an increase of more than 
 20% over the value of the mineral output for 1896, notwithstanding the 
 fact that the output of gold had declined more than 10%. 
 
 There are six substances which together constituted in value nearly 
 87% of the entire mineral product of California for the year 1899. 
 They are gold, copper, oil, quicksilver, borax, and clay. 
 
 The proportion of the mineral wealth of the State that these sub- 
 stances individually represent is as follows: 
 
 Gold 52.65% 
 
 Copper - 13.61 
 
 Oil 9.07 
 
 Quicksilver 4.79 
 
 Borax 3.88 
 
 Clay (Brick and Pottery) - 2.72 
 
 86.72 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 11 
 
 A review of the manuscript of the General Report of the State Min- 
 ing Bureau, which is awaiting publication, shows that, notwithstanding 
 the fact that gold mining has been greatly retarded by the lack of water 
 consequent upon the dry winters of 1897, '98, and '99, the mining 
 industry has advanced along the lines designated in this bulletin, and 
 there is every reason to expect that the mineral product for 1900 will 
 show a further increase.* 
 
 MINERAL PRODUCTS OF COUNTIES. 
 
 Alameda County. — The mineral products of Alameda County are salt, 
 coal, manganese, and structural material. The total value of the mineral 
 output of this county for three years ending December, 1899, was 
 $1,255,888. Of this sum the value of the salt output was $432,730, and 
 of the coal output, $468,729. Previous to 1897, there had been prac- 
 tically no coal mined in Alameda County for several years. 
 
 Alpine County. — This county is surrounded by mineral-producing 
 districts, but its own mineral resources have not been extensively 
 developed. While gold, silver, copper, and valuable clays are found 
 within its bounds, yet, in July, 1900, only three mines (gold) were in 
 operation. 
 
 Amador County. — The mineral products of Amador County are gold 
 and silver, coal, copper, marble, and pottery. The total value of the 
 mineral products of this county for the three years ending December, 
 1899, was $4,812,336. Of this sum the value of the gold output was 
 $4,675,704. In the spring of 1900 there were about thirty-seven gold 
 mines, one copper mine, fifteen mills, three slimes plants, one chlorina- 
 tion plant, and one copper smelter in active operation. 
 
 Butte County. — The mineral products of Butte County are gold and 
 silver, mineral paint, mineral water, and structural material. The total 
 value of the mineral output of this county for the three years ending 
 December, 1899, was $1,714,030. Of this sum the value of the gold out- 
 put was $1,668,379. In May, 1900, six quartz, six drift, and two 
 hydraulic mines were being worked; later on, extensive dredging enter- 
 prises were put in operation. 
 
 Calaveras County. — The mineral products of Calaveras County are 
 gold and silver, mineral paint, and copper. The total value of these 
 products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $3,771,701. Of 
 this sum the value of gold output was $3,724,448. In April, 1900, there 
 were twenty-five quartz, three drift, two hydraulic, and two copper mines 
 
 *The returns from which the annual statistical bulletins of the State Mining Bureau 
 are prepared are not available until the spring succeeding the year for which they speak 
 Therefore, no definite estimate of the mineral output of California for 1900 can be made 
 in this bulletin. 
 
12 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 in operation; also thirteen mills, one copper smelter, two chlorination 
 works, one cyanide plant, two electric-power, and six compressor plants. 
 
 Colusa Covmty. — The valuable minerals of Colusa County are found 
 in that portion of the Coast Ranges iVhich forms the western borders of 
 the county. These minerals are quicksilver, gold, building-stone, salt, 
 and mineral water. The total value of the mineral products of Colusa 
 County, exclusive of building-stone, for the three years ending Decem- 
 ber, 1899, was $5,803. In September, 1900, three quicksilver mines were 
 in operation, and prospect wells were being drilled for oil. 
 
 Contra Costa County.— The mineral products of Contra Costa County 
 are coal, mineral water, and brick. During 1900 interest has been mani- 
 fested in the oil-yielding formations of the county. The value of the 
 total mineral products of Contra Costa County for the three years ending 
 December, 1899, was $382,933. Of this amount the value of the coal was 
 $350,133. In September, 1900, two coal mines were in operation. The 
 largest smelter and refining plant in California is situated at Vallejo 
 Junction, on the south shore of Carquinez Straits. A copper smelter has 
 also been erected near Martinez. 
 
 Del Norte County. — The mineral product of Del Norte County is gold, 
 which during the three years ending December, 1899, amounted to 
 $30,217. Recently there has been some attention paid to the copper 
 mines of this county, and shipments of ore are reported. 
 
 El Dorado County. — The mineral products of El Dorado County are 
 gold and silver, lime, stone, and slate. The total value of the mineral 
 products of this county for the three years ending December, 1899, was 
 $1,622,958. Of this sum the value of the gold product was $1,581,089. 
 In the spring of 1900 there were twenty quartz mines, two drift mines, 
 and one copper mine in operation; also thirteen mills and one cyanide 
 plant. 
 
 Fresno County. — The mineral products of Fresno County are gold and 
 silver, coj^per, petroleum, gypsum, brick, and mineral water. The total 
 value of the mineral products for the three years ending December, 1899? 
 was $812,625. The gold and copper mines are in the eastern portion of 
 Fresno County, which extends into the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In 
 March, 1900, there were five gold and four copper mines in operation, 
 and numerous other claims on which assessment work was being done. 
 The petroleum industry is the most important mineral industry in Fresno 
 County. The oil-fields are situated in the foothills of that portion of the 
 Coast Ranges which is situated in the western borders of the county* 
 In September, 1900, there were eight companies producing oil in Fresno 
 County, and many prospect wells were being drilled. The value of the 
 petroleum product of Fresno County for the three years ending Decem- 
 ber, 1899, was $664,212. 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 13 
 
 Glenn County. — There is practically no mining in this county. 
 
 Humboldt County. — The mineral products of Humboldt County are 
 gold and silver, mineral water, and structural material. The total value 
 of these products for the three years ending December, 1899, was 
 $883,113. Of this sum the value of the rubble rock, used principally in 
 the harbor construction, was J{?651,623. Copper prospects have been dis- 
 covered, but there are no productive mines. During 1900, six companies 
 have prospected for petroleum, and some oil has been struck. 
 
 Inyo County. — The mineral products of Inyo County are gold and 
 silver, lead, copper, soda, borax, and marble. The total value of the 
 mineral products of Inyo County for the three years ending December, 
 1899, was $1,247,696. Of this amount the value of the output of gold 
 was $411,134; and of the output of soda, $514,000. In July, 1900, there 
 were thirty-two gold and silver mines and one borax, one salt, and one 
 soda works in operation. 
 
 Kern County. — The mineral products of Kern County are gold and 
 silver, borax, antimony. Fuller's earth, asphaltum, petroleum, coal, lime, 
 and brick. The total value of the mineral products of Kern County for 
 the three years ending December, 1899, was $3,088,543, and of this 
 amount the value of the gold product was $2,635,657. The mineral 
 deposits of Kern County are distributed not only throughout the crys- 
 talline rocks of the higher mountains, but also through the sedimentary 
 formations which form the foothills bordering the valley lands. The 
 mineral deposits of the crystalline rocks are represented by the gold 
 mines of the Kern River basin, and of the Caliente District in that portion 
 of the Sierra Nevada Mountains which lies to the north of Tehachapai; 
 and by the mines of Randsburg District, which lies to the south of that 
 range. Some good prospects have also been discovered near Rosamond? 
 a short distance from the southern boundary line of the county. There 
 are also deposits of antimony and copper. The mineral deposits of the 
 sedimentary rocks are those of petroleum which have been discovered 
 in the Tertiary rocks forming the foothills on both sides of the San 
 Joaquin Valley; indeed, these discoveries may be said to be the most 
 important events in the mining history of California for the years 
 1899-1900. During the past five years the most important feature in 
 gold mining in Kern County has been the growth and development of 
 the Randsburg District, although there has of late been an increased 
 activity among the mines of older districts which had previously been 
 idle for many years. The deposits of petroleum before referred to are 
 those of the Kern River District, on the eastern side, and of the McKit- 
 trick and Sunset districts on the western side of the San Joaquin Valley. 
 
 Kirigs County. — The only mineral production of Kings County is 
 brick, $20,000 worth of which were manufactured in the two years end- 
 
14 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 ing December, 1899. In the western borders of the county oil-yielding 
 formations are exposed throughout extensive areas, and several prospect 
 wells have been drilled. 
 
 Lake County, — The mineral products of Lake County are quicksilver 
 and mineral water. The total value of these products for the three years 
 ending December, 1899, was $517,330. Of this sum the value of the out- 
 put of quicksilver was $327,471. 
 
 Lassen County. — The mineral products of Lassen County are gold and 
 silver, the total output of which during the three years ending Decem- 
 ber, 1899, had a value of $116,608. 
 
 Los Angeles County. — The mineral products of Los Angeles County are 
 gold, gypsum, infusorial earth, petroleum, building-stone, brick, pottery, 
 and mineral water. The total value of these mineral products for the 
 three years ending December, 1899, was $5,108,895. Of this sum the 
 value of the petroleum output was $4,199,238. During the past three 
 years the oil-fields of this county have yielded more than half the entire 
 petroleum output of the State of California. Although gold mining has 
 been carried on for many years in Los Angeles County, the output of 
 precious metals has always been small. 
 
 Madera County. — The eastern portion of Madera County extends into 
 the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and is largely devoted to mining. The 
 mineral products consist of gold and silver, copper, granite, and brick. 
 The total value of the mineral products of Madera County for the three 
 years ending December, 1899, was $387,954. Of this sum the value of 
 the output of gold was $254,605. Madera County is the second largest 
 producer of granite in the State, the value of the total amount of granite 
 produced during 1897,^98, '99 being $122,888. In 1900 there were twenty 
 gold mines and one copper mine in operation, and there are a large 
 number of mines on which assessment work is being done. Copper 
 mining promises to be an important industry in Madera County, nnd a 
 100-ton smelter has been erected at Madera. 
 
 Marin County. — The mineral products of Marin County are brick, 
 macadam, and rubble rock. The total value of the mineral products for 
 the three years ending December, 1899, was $245,150. During 1900 
 there were some shipments of copper which are said to have yielded 
 satisfactory returns. There was also some prospecting for petroleum. 
 
 Mariposa County. — The mineral products of Mariposa County are 
 gold and silver, and slate. The value of these products for the three 
 years ending December, 1899, svas $1,355,134. Of this amount the 
 value of the output of gold was $1,350,674. In August, 1900, there 
 were ten quartz mines and one hydraulic mine in operation, also three 
 stamp mills and one compressor plant. 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 15 
 
 Mendocino County. — The only contribution that Mendocino County 
 has made during the past four years to the mineral output of California 
 is bituminous rock, mineral water, and brick. There are, however, 
 deposits of coal and other minerals which are not worked. There has 
 also been some prospecting for oil at Point Arena. The value of the 
 mineral output of Mendocino County for the two years ending December, 
 
 1899, was $12,118. 
 
 Merced County. — Merced County is for the most part devoted to 
 agriculture. The only mining reported is some placer mining on the 
 Merced River. 
 
 Modoc County. — More than half the surface of this county is covered 
 with lava and volcanic ejecta. It is probable that the volcanic material 
 covers rocks containing valuable minerals, for prospects of gold, copper, 
 and other minerals are reported. 
 
 Mono County. — The mineral products of Mono County are gold and 
 silver, lead and lime. The total value of these products for the three 
 years ending December, 1899, was $1,867,457, of which sum $1,663,187 
 represented the value of the output of gold. In June, 1900, there were 
 thirteen gold mines and four cyanide plants in operation. 
 
 Monterey County. — The minerals produced in Monterey County 
 during the three years ending December, 1899, were mineral waters, 
 stone, brick, and asphaltum. The total value of the products for the 
 three years mentioned was $38,693. In 1900 there was considerable 
 prospecting for petroleum, and some oil was struck in the Cholame 
 Valley. In, the autumn of 1900 the coal mines in Stone's Cailon, near 
 the eastern line of the county, were reopened. 
 
 Najpa County. — The mineral products of Napa County are quicksilver, 
 mineral water, and magnesite. The total value of the naineral products 
 of Napa County during the three years ending December, 1899, was 
 $1,812,754. Of this sum the value of the output of quicksilver was 
 $1,531,047. In the spring of 1900 there were four quicksilver mines in 
 operation. 
 
 Nevada County. — The mineral products of Nevada County are gold 
 and silver, copper, mineral paint, and granite. The total value of these 
 products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $6,200,069. Of 
 this amount the value of the output of gold was $6,074,389. In April, 
 
 1900, there were about seventy active mines, twenty-three stamp mills, 
 one combined smelter and chlorination plant, twenty-nine concen- 
 trators, two chlorination works, one canvas plant, one slimes plant, one 
 Huntington mill, six compressed-air plants. Nevada County is the 
 leading gold and silver producer in the State, and in the past three 
 years has produced considerable copper. 
 
16 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Orange County. — The mineral products of Orange County are petro- 
 leum, coal, gold, and brick. The total value of these nlinerals for the 
 three years ending December, 1899, was $189,677. Of this sum the total 
 value of the petroleum output was $180,077. In May, 1900, eight com- 
 panies were producing oil in Orange County. 
 
 Placer County. — The mineral products of Placer County are gold and 
 silver, granite, and pottery clay. The total value of the minerals for 
 the three years ending December, 1899, was $4,291,974 ; of which sum 
 the value of the gold output was $4,113,044. The forthcoming report 
 shows twenty-two mines and about fifteen granite quarries in active 
 operation. There are four stamp mills. 
 
 Plumas County. — The mineral products of Plumas County are gold 
 and silver, the output of which during the three years ending Decem- 
 ber, 1899, was $1,090,728. In May, 1900, there were in operation twenty- 
 seven quartz, nine drift, six placer, four hydraulic, and two copper 
 mines. 
 
 Riverside County. — The mineral products of this county are gold and 
 silver, mineral paint, asbestos, quartz sand, coal, salt, pottery, brick,' 
 granite, and lime. The total value of these products during the three 
 years ending December, 1899, was $707,892. Of this sum the value of 
 the gold output was $499,425. In the spring of 1900 there were nine- 
 teen mines on which more or less work was being done, several of which 
 were in active and continuous operation. 
 
 Sacramento County. — The mineral products of Sacramento County 
 are gold, granite, natural gas, macadam, paving-blocks, mgirble, brick, 
 and pottery. The total value of these products for the three years end- 
 ing December, 1899, was $566,856. Of this amount the value of the 
 gold product was $266,257. The gold mines are in the vicinity of 
 Folsom, where there were more than nine placer and drift mines in 
 operation in September, 1900. The granite quarries are at Folsom 
 Prison. 
 
 San Benito County. — The mineral products of San Benito County are 
 quicksilver, mineral water, gypsum, oil, asphaltum, lime, macadam, and 
 coal. The total value of these products for the three years ending Decem- 
 ber, 1899, was $661,503. Of this amount the value of the quicksilver 
 output was $570,185. In 1900 several new quicksilver mines and one 
 copper mine were opened. In September of that year more than twenty 
 companies were prospecting for petroleum, with satisfactory results. 
 
 San Bernardino County. — The mineral products of San Bernardino 
 County are gold and silver, copper, borax, cement, lime, brick, granite, 
 stone, paving-blocks, and marble. The value of the total product of 
 these minerals for the three years ending December, 1899, was $4,816,- 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 17 
 
 283. Of this amount the value of the output of borax was $3,306,000, 
 and of the output of gold $526,484. In April, 1900, there were thirty- 
 seven quartz, five copper, and five borax mines in operation. 
 
 San Diego County. — The mineral products of San Diego County are 
 gold and silver, lead, copper, salt, lithia mica, granite, rubble rock, and 
 mineral water. The total value of these products for the three years 
 ending December, 1899, was $1,702,201. Of this amount the value of 
 the output of gold was $1,599,174. In the spring of 1900 there were 
 twenty-two quartz mines, at which work was more or less actively 
 prosecuted, apd one copper mine had been opened. 
 
 San Francisco County. — The mineral products of San Francisco 
 County are brick, macadam, and rubble rock. The total value of the 
 mineral output for the three years ending December, 1899, was $520,006. 
 In October, 1900, there were three brick yards, and three quarries in 
 operation. 
 
 San Joaquin County. — The mineral products of San Joaquin County 
 are natural gas, brick, and manganese. The total value of these 
 products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $282,580. Of 
 this amount the value of the output of natural gas was $199,580. In 
 January, 1900, there were ten productive gas wells in the city of Stockton. 
 
 San Luis Obispo County. — The mineral products of San Luis Obispo 
 County are gold, quicksilver, copper, bituminous rock, asphaltum, 
 granite, rubble rock, marble, brick, and mineral water. The total value 
 of these products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $180,- 
 831. In August, 1900, there were four quicksilver mines in operation, 
 and several companies were prospecting for oil, but no remunerative 
 wells had been obtained. 
 
 San Mateo County. — The mineral products of San Mateo County are 
 rubble, brick, and macadam. The total value of these products for the 
 three years ending December, ^1899, was $175,225. In 1898-99, prospect 
 wells were drilled for oil in San Mateo County, and some of them pro- 
 duce small quantities of oil of remarkably low gra^vity. 
 
 Santa Barbara County. — The mineral products of Santa Barbara 
 County are gold, asphaltum, natural gas, brick, and mineral water. 
 The total value of these products for the three years ending December, 
 
 1899, was $1,272,694. Of this amount the value of the output of 
 asphaltum was $790,560, and of the oil output, $433,973. In June, 
 
 1900, practically all the productive oil-wells were at Summerland. The 
 asphaltum is obtained from the mines owned and controlled by the 
 Alcatraz Asphalt Refining Company, and from the Goleta Asphalt Mine, 
 owned by J. F. Moore. 
 
18 ^ STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Santa Clara County. — The mineral products of Santa Clara County 
 are quicksilver, mineral water, oil, asphaltum, brick, limestone, macadam, 
 manganese, magnesite, and pottery. The total value of the mineral prod- 
 ucts for the three years ending December, 1899, was $1,028,588. Of 
 this amount the value of the quicksilver output (all from Almaden 
 Mine) was 5^590,470; and of the brick output, $340,945. The oil-fields 
 of Santa Clara County are situated in its western borders. 
 
 Santa Cruz County. — The mineral products of Santa Cruz County are 
 lime, bituminous rock, limestone, sandstone, macadam, gold, and granite. 
 The total value of the mineral output for the three years ending Decem- 
 ber, 1899, was $764,969. Santa Cruz County produces nearly if not 
 quite as much lime as is produced in all the other counties of the State 
 and leads in the production of bituminous rock. During the first half 
 of 1900 there was some prospecting for oil in the northeastern part of 
 the county. 
 
 Shasta County. — The mineral products of this county are copper, gold 
 and silver, structural material, and mineral waters. The total value of 
 these products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $8,861,448. 
 Of this sum the value of the copper output was $6,030,853; and of 
 the gold output, $2,302,970. In 1897, Shasta County advanced to the 
 position of the leading mineral producer of the State, and in 1898 and 
 1899 not only maintained but largely increased its lead. Until 1897, 
 the chief mineral products of Shasta County were gold and silver; in 
 that year copper was added, and to the production of that metal the 
 increasing of the total output was chiefly due. 
 
 Sierr-a County. — The mineral products of this county are gold and 
 silver. The total value of the output of these products for the three 
 years ending December, 1899, was $1,220,310, and of this amount the 
 value of the gold output was $1,219,386. In July, 1900, there were in 
 Sierra County forty-five quartz, twenty-two placer, eighteen drift, and 
 ten hydraulic mines, most of which were in active operation. 
 
 Siskiyou County. — The mineral products of Siskiyou County embrace 
 gold, silver, copper, mercury, chromic iron, and building material, the 
 chief industry of this county being gold and silver mining. The total 
 value of these products for the three years ending December, 1899, was 
 $2,603,153. • Of this sum the value of the gold output was $2,602,698. 
 
 Solano County. — The mineral products of Solano County are quick- 
 silver, lime, paving-blocks, macadam, rubble rock, aragonite, mineral 
 waters, and pottery. The total value of the mineral output of Solano 
 County for the three years ending December, 1899, was $68,848. Nearly 
 half of this amount was represented by the value of the output of 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 19 
 
 macadam. No output of quicksilver was reported for 1899, but in that 
 year the St. John^s quicksilver mine, near Vallejo, which had been idle 
 for nearly twenty years, was reopened. 
 
 Sonoma County. — The mineral products of Sonoma County are quick- 
 silver, magnesite, mineral paint, mineral water, macadam, paving- 
 blocks, granite, and rubble rock. The total value of these products 
 during 1897, '98, '99 was $395,836. Of this sum the value of the quick- 
 silver output was $228,980. In the spring of 1900 there were three 
 quicksilver mines in active operation, 
 
 Stanislaus County. — As is well known, this county is principally 
 devoted to agriculture. The mineral products are gold and mineral 
 paint, and in 1899 three quicksilver mines near the Santa Clara line 
 were reopened. The value of the mineral products of Stanislaus County 
 during the three years ending December, 1899, was $73,284. 
 
 Sutter County. — No mineral products are reported from Sutter County. 
 
 Tehama County. — Very little mining is being done in this county. 
 There are, however, extensive deposits of chromic iron near the western 
 boundary of the county and good prospects of gold and copper are reported 
 from its borders. The mineral products of Tehama County consist of 
 mineral waters and brick, the value of the total output for the three 
 years ending December, 1899, being $31,600. 
 
 Trinity County. — The mineral products of Trinity County are gold and 
 silver, quicksilver, and granite. The total value of these products for 
 the three years ending December, 1899, was $2,834,325. Of this sum 
 the value of the gold output was $2,528,137; of the quicksilver output, 
 $304,154. In point of numbers the placer, hydraulic, and drift mines 
 of Trinity County far exceed the quartz mines, but in the past three or 
 four years there has been increased development of quartz mines and 
 several have proved very remunerative. 
 
 Tulare County. — The mineral products of Tulare County are gold and 
 silver, copper, chrysoprase, granite, lime, and brick. The value of 
 these products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $59,254, 
 the value of the gold being $38,840. In February, 1900, there were 
 eight gold and three copper mines, at which more or less work was 
 being done. 
 
 Tuolumne County. — The mineral products of this county are gold and 
 silver and brick. The total value of the output of these products for 
 the three years ending December, 1899, was $5,219,883, the value of the 
 gold output being $5,180,294. In August, 1900, there were twenty-two 
 mines in operation, eighteen stamp mills, three ^electric plants, three 
 
20 STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 chlorination works, five cyanide plants, two slimes plants, four com- 
 pressor plants; estimated number of men engaged in active mining, 
 about 1100. 
 
 Ventura County. — The mineral products of Ventura County are gold, 
 borax, petroleum, asphaltum, and brick. The total value of these 
 products for the three years ending December, 1899, was $1,635,795. 
 Of this sum the value of the petroleum output was $1,435,482. In 
 June, 1900, there were about 206 productive wells in Ventura County, 
 and numerous prospect wells were being drilled. In 1898 valuable 
 deposits of borate of lime were discovered in Lockwood Valle}- in the 
 eastern borders of the county. 
 
 Yolo County. — The mineral products of Yolo County are brick and 
 sandstone. The total value of the sandstone output for the two years 
 ending December, 1899, was $768. In 1900, the quicksilver mines in 
 the western borders of the county were reopened. 
 
 Yuba County. — The mineral products of Yuba County are gold and 
 silver. The value of these products for the three years ending December, 
 1899, was $498,442. Of this amount the value of the output of gold was 
 $498,430. In May, 1900, there were four quartz, two placer, and one 
 hydraulic mine in operation; dredge mining is also reported. 
 
PROGRESS OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 21 
 
 AREA OF COUNTIES, AND TOTAL VALUE Of MINERAL PRODUCTS FOR THE THREE 
 YEARS ENDING DECEMBER, 1899. 
 
 County. 
 
 Approximate 
 
 Area. 
 Square Miles. 
 
 Value 
 of Mineral 
 Products. 
 
 Alameda 
 
 Alpine... 
 
 Amador 
 
 Butte --- . 
 
 Calaveras.- J 
 
 Colusa. 
 
 Contra Costa 
 
 Del Norte 
 
 El Dorado 
 
 Fresno 
 
 Glenn 
 
 Humboldt 
 
 Inyo 
 
 Kern 
 
 Kings 
 
 Lake 
 
 Lassen... 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Madera 
 
 Marin 
 
 Mariposa 
 
 Mendocino 
 
 Merced 
 
 Modoc 
 
 Mono 
 
 Montery 
 
 Napa 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Orange 
 
 Placer _. 
 
 Plumas 
 
 Eiverside 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 San Benito 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 San Diego 
 
 San Francisco ... 
 
 San Joaquin 
 
 San Luis Obispo. 
 
 San Mateo 
 
 Santa Barbara... 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Santa Cruz 
 
 Shasta 
 
 Sierra 
 
 Siskiyou 
 
 Solano 
 
 Sonoma _. 
 
 Stanislaus 
 
 Sutter 
 
 Tehama 
 
 Trinity 
 
 Tulare 
 
 Tuolumne 
 
 Ventura 
 
 Yolo 
 
 Yuba 
 
 Unapportioned*. 
 
 840 
 
 575 
 
 568 
 ),764 
 
 990 
 1,202 
 
 750 
 1,546 
 1,891 
 5,940 
 1,248 
 3,507 
 10,224 
 8,159 
 1,267 
 1,332 
 4,750 
 3,957K 
 2,140 
 
 516 
 1,580 
 3,460 
 1,750 
 4,097 
 2,796 
 3,450 
 
 800 
 
 958 
 
 780 
 1,484 
 2,361 
 7,008 
 1,007 
 1,476 
 20,160 
 8,800 
 42 
 1,370 
 3,5C0 
 
 470 
 2,450 
 1,355 
 
 425 
 4,050 
 
 910 
 6,078 
 
 911 
 1,540 
 1,486 
 
 611 
 3,200 
 3,276 
 4,935 
 2,232 
 1,850 
 1,017 
 
 625 
 
 157,456K 
 
 $1,255,888 
 
 4,812,336 
 
 1,714,030 
 
 3,771,701 
 
 5,803 
 
 382,933 
 
 30,217 
 
 1,622,958 
 
 812,625 
 
 ""883,113 
 
 1,247,696 
 
 3,088,543 
 
 20,000 
 
 517,330 
 
 116,608 
 
 5,108,895 
 
 387,954 
 
 245,150 
 
 1,355,134 
 
 12,118 
 
 1,867,457 
 
 38,693 
 
 1,812,754 
 
 6,200,069 
 
 191,377 
 
 4,291,974 
 
 1,090,728 
 
 707,892 
 
 566,856 
 
 661,503 
 
 4,816.283 
 
 1,702,201 
 
 520,006 
 
 282,580 
 
 180,831 
 
 175,225 
 
 1,272,694 
 
 1,028,588 
 
 764.969 
 
 8,861,448 
 
 1,220,310 
 
 2,603,153 
 
 68,848 
 
 395.836 
 
 73,284 
 
 31,600 
 
 2,834.325 
 
 59,254 
 
 5,219,883 
 
 1,635,795 
 
 768 
 
 498,442 
 
 2,680,022 
 
 $81,744,980 
 
 * Unapportioned includes products of single mines, etc.. In counties so as to conceal their 
 identity, and also includes estimates of products of properties known to be working, bdt from 
 which no returns were obtained. 
 
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