THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA GIFT OF HORACE W. CARPENTIER s-^ PAPERS RELATING TO THE |^lCOLLE€TTO AND PRESERVATION OF THE RECORDS ANCIENT SANSKRIT LITERATURE INDIA. EDITED BY ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ARCHIBALD EDWARD GOUGH, B.A. PROFESSOR IN THE PRESIDENCY COLLEGE, AND PRINCIPAL OF THE MADRASA, CALCUTTA, CALCUTTA: OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING. 1878. CALCUTTA : OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, 8, HASTINGS STREET. GeAfJ^;:^' va,\^ I inntiiY 31 CONTENTS. ^0H9^ Tage Extract from a letter from Pandit Radhakrishiia, Chief Pandit of the late Lahore Durbar, to His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, dated the loth May i86S i Note by Whitley Stokes, Esq., Secretary to the Council of the Governor-General for making Laws and Regulations, dated Simla, the 6th August 1868 . . i Minute by Major-General the Hon'ble Sir H. M. Durand, C.B., K.C.S.L, dated Simla, the 13th August 1868 .......... 7 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India, in the Home Depart- ment (Public), No. 4338-48, dated Simla, the 3rd November 1868 ... 9 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretaries to the Governments of Madras, Bombay, North-Western Provinces, Punjab, and Bengal; to the Chief Commissioners of Oudh and the Cen-tral Provinces, Nos. 4349' to 4355, dated Simla, the 3rd November 1868 ......... 10 From Babu Rajendralala Mitra, to Captain J. Waterhouse, B.s.c, Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, No. 47, dated Calcutta, the 15th February 1875 . 14 List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Babu Rajendralala Mitra . . 29 From R. Simson, Esq., Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, to E. C. Bayley, Esq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, Simla, No. 1600, dated Allahabad, the 6th April i86g . . 38 From M. Kempson, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, North-Western Provinces, to R. Simson, Esq., Secretary to the Government of the North- Western Provinces, No. 2616, dated Allahabad, the iSth March 1869 . . 38 From R. T. H. Griffith, Esq., Officiating Inspector, 3rd Circle, Department of Public Instruction, North-Western Provinces, to M. Kempson, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, North-Western Provinces, No. 119, dated Benares, the 13th March 1869 20 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India, in the Financial Department, No. 689, dated Simla, the 31st May 1869 . • ... 41 From C. A. Elliott, Esq., Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 2816A., dated Allahabad, the ist December 1874 . . 42 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, No. 194, dated Fort William, the ist February 1875 From the Officiating Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces to the Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 823A dated Naini Tal, the 7th May 1875 List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Mr. Griffith, 1S70-74 43 298 iv Contents. From F. S. Chapman, Esq., Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to E. C. Bayley, Elsq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Depart- ment, No. 1976, dated the 18th August 1869 48 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the Gen-eral Department, No. 2357, dated the loth December 1868 48 From J. B. Peile, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, to C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Educational Department, No. 1242, dated Poona, the 13th July 1869 49 From G. Biihlcr, Esq., Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Surat, the 5th July 1869 49 From F. Kielhorn, Esq., Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Deccan College, Poona, the 20th June 1869 53 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the General Department, No. 1975, dated the i8th August 1869 59 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, No. 41 11, dated Simla, the 8th September 1869 ........ 60 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Honorary Secretary to the Trustees of the Indian Museum, No. 41 12, dated Simla, the 8th September 1869 .... . . 60 From A.P.Howell, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Depart- ment, to Whitley Stokes, Esq., No. 41 13, dated Simla, the 8th September 1869 . 60 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the General Department, No. 189S, dated the nth August 1870 61 From F. Kielhorn, Esq., Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, Bombay, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Deccan College, Poona, the 1st July 1870 61 List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Dr. Kielhorn during 1869 . . 64 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the General Department, No. 2816, dated the 2nd October 1871 75 From G. Biihler, Esq., Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A,. Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Surat, the 13th July 1871 75 List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Dr. Biihler, 1870-71 ... 78 From F. Kielhorn, Esq., Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A,. Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Poona, the ist February 1871 81 From Major-General A. Cunningham, Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India, to E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S.I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 15, dated Simla, the 17th April 1872 ... 81 From C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Educational Department, to H. L. Dampier, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 1344, dated the 28th November 1872 . 82 From G. Biihler, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Publiclnstruction, Bombay, dated Surat, the 30th August 1872 82 Contents. v Page List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Dr. Biihler, 1871-72 ... 85 From H. Wellesley, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, No. 4770, dated Fort William, the 23rd December 1872 .... 100 From Professor G. Biihler, Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Surat, the 20th August 1873 . 100 List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Dr. Biihler, 1S72-73 . . . 105 From C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 479, dated 4th May 187s 1 14 From K. M. Chatfield, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, to C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, No. 5936, dated Poona, the 15th February 1875 114 From G. Biihler, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to K. M. Chatfield, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, No. 4810, dated Surat, the 4th February 1875 115 From G. Biihler, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Camp Vijalpur, the 19th April 1875 . 121 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, No. 906, dated Simla, the 29th May 1875 124 Office.memorandum from A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Govern- ment of India, Home Department, to the Foreign Department, No. 1060, dated Simla, the 26th June 1875 124 From G. Biihler, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, dated Bombay, the 23rd June 1875 . .125 List of Manuscripts bought for Government by Dr. Biihler, 1874-75 . . . 135 From J. Geoghegan, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, No. 2333, dated Simla, the 17th May 1869 138 From F. S. Chapman, Esq., Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 1 85 1, dated the 4th August 1869 13S From G. Biihler, Esq., Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, dated Surat, the 26th July 1869 138 List of Manuscripts in the Library of the late Raja of Tanjore .... 139 From the Hon'ble W. Hudleston, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, to A. C. Lyall, Esq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 263, dated Ootacamund, the 25th August 1873 145 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Madras, in the Educational Department, No. 262, dated the 24th August 1873 145 From A. C. Burnell, Esq., to the Hon'ble W. Hudleston, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, dated Bangalore, the 6th August 1873 . . . 145 From T. J. Chichele Plowden, Esq., Ofhciating Under-Secretary to the Govern- ment of India, Home Department, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, No. 3434, dated the 31st October 1S73 156 vi Contents. fog,i From the Hon'ble D. F. Carmichael, Officiating Chief Secretary to the Govern- ment of Madras, to the Secretary to the Government of India, No. 373, dated Ootacaniund, the 5lh November 1874 ........ 157 From A. C. Burnell, Esq., Ph.D., to the Officiating Chief Secretary to the Govern- ment of Madras, dated Tanjore, the 29th October 1874 157 From the Hon'ble D. F. Carmichael, Officiating Chief Secretary to the Govern- ment of Madras, to the Secretary to the Government of India, No. 200, dated Ootacaniund, the 24th June 1875 .... .... 157 From A. C. Burnell, Esq., Ph.D., to the Officiating Chief Secretary to the Govern- ment of Madras, dated Tanjore, the 21st June 1875 157 From L. Neill, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, to the Secre- tary to the Government of Madras, No. 1850, dated Simla, the 9th October 1877 158 From C. G. Master, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Madras, to the Secre- tary to the Government of India, No. 411, dated the 9th November 1877 . 158 From A. C. Burnell, Esq., Ph.D., to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, dated Tanjore, the 22nd October 1877 158 From L. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I., Chief Commissioner of Mysore, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, No. 298, dated Bangalore, the 8th October 1869 159 Classified Catalogue of Sanskrit Works in the " Sarasvatibhandaram " Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore ....... 160 From L. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I., Chief Commissioner of Mysore, to E.G. Bayley, Esq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 451, dated Bangalore, the 27th January 1870 . igo From L. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I., Chief Commissioner of Mysore, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, No. 449, dated Bangalore, the 27th January 1S70 I90 From J. Geoghegan, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, No. 1201, dated the 3rd March 1870 .......... igo From J. Geoghegan, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, No. 1202, dated the 3rd March 1870' igi From E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S.I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Legislative Department, No. 1203, dated the 3rd March 1870 ...... igi Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay', General Department, No. 791, dated the 2nd April 1870 ........ 191 From J. B. Peile, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, to the Officiating Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, General Department, No. 4887, dated Poona, the 25th March 1870 192 From Dr. F. Kielhorn, Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, Deccan College, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, No. 122, dated Poona, the 22nd March 1870 Ig2 From E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S.I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, No. 3705, dated Simla, the gth August 1870 ig6 Contents. From E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S.I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Chief Commissioner of Mysore, No. 3706, dated Simla, the gth August 1870 197 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Governments of Madras, Bombay, North- western Provinces, and the Punjab, and the Chief Commissioners of Oudh and the Central Provinces, Nos. 6-398-403, dated the 6th March 1876 . 197 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal, No. 6405, dated the i6th March 1876 198 From J. A. Bourdillon, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretaries to the Governments of Madras and the Punjab, and the Chief Commissioners of Oudh an-d the Central Provinces, Nos. 12-616-619, dated the 5th April 1876 198 From the Hon'ble W. Hudleston, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 391, dated Ootacamund, the 6th October 1876 ..... 198 From the Director of Public Instruction, Madras, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, No. 1560, dated Madras, the 7th June 1876 . . 199 From the Professor of Sanskrit, Presidency College, Madras, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, dated Madras, the 22nd May 1876 . . . 200 From J. W. Neill, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 3131-139, dated Nagpur, the 15th August 1876 . . 201 From C. A. R. Browning, Esq., M.A., Inspector-General of Education, Central Provinces, to the Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of the Central Pro- vinces, No. 6071, dated the 2nd August 1876 ...... 202 From Major A. Murray, Officiating Personal Assistant to the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 3015, dated Lucknow, the 5th July 1876 .... 204 From the Director of Public Instruction in Oudh, to the Officiating Junior Secre- tary to the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, No. 962, dated the 17th June 1876 . 205 From the Director of Public Instruction, Oudh, to the Officiating Junior Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, No. 1015, dated the 23rd June 1876 . 214 From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal, No. 1057, dated Simla, the 22nd June 1876 214 From A. L. Lyall, Esq., Officiating Agent to the Governor-General in Rajputana, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, No. 1027-742G., dated Mount Abu, the 9th May 1S76 215 Memorandum by Dr. G. Biihler, Educational Inspector, Northern Division, on special duty in Rajputana, dated Bikanir, the ist March 1874 . . . 215 From H. H. Risley, Esq., Acting Assistant Secretary to the Government of Bengal, Financial Department, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, No. 2623, dated Calcutta, the 17th August 1876 . 216 From Captain J. Waterhouse, Honorary Secretary, Asiatic Society of Bengal, to the Assistant Secretary tu the Government of Bengal, No. 487, dated Calcutta, the Sth August 1S76 217 Con toils. From Babu R.-5jendralala Mitra, to Captain J. Waterhouse, Honorary Secretary, Asiatic Society of Bengal, dated Calcutta, the 15th July 1876 . . . 217 From H. Woodrovv, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal, General Department, No. 4161, dated Fort William, the 9th August 1876 218 From J. O'Kincaly, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal, No. 12, dated Fort William, the 3rd January 1878 218 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India, in the Home Depart- ment (Public), No. 7-250, dated Fort William, the 9th February 1878 . . 220 COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION RECORDS OF ANCIENT SANSKRIT LITERATURE. Extract from a letter from Pandit Ra'dha'krishna, Chief Pandit of the late Lahore Durbar, to His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, — dated the loth May t868. Your Excellency has issued orders for collecting the catalogues of Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian books in existence in many parts of India. There are two things which would complete the information so much desired by the Oriental scholars of Europe and Asia. The Sanskrit list will necessarily remain incomplete unless it contains the names of the books that are in the libraries of the Maharajas of Jaypur and Nepal. The rarest books were collected by the liberal ancestors of the former, from the time of Raja Man Sinh ; and as the latter country has never been under the subjection of Mahomedans, the oldest Sanskrit books are to be found there. A similar thing may be done with regard to the Sanskrit books that are in the great libraries of England, Germany, France, and other Continental countries of Europe. A list of these books should be published in English and Sanskrit ; and anything that Your Excellency is pleased to order for the furtherance of the cause of learning, will be highly and gratefully appreciated by the scholars both of Europe and India. Note by Whitley Stokes, Esq., Secretary to the Council of the Governor-General for making Laws and Regulations, — dated Simla, the 6th August iS68. The Viceroy has received a letter from Pandit Radhakrishna, Chief Pandit of the late Lahore Durbar, suggesting the compilation of a catalogue of all the Sanskrit MSS. preserved in the libraries of India A Collection and Preservation of the and Europe, and stating that anything which His Excellency may order for the furtherance of learning, — that is, as I understand the Pandit, of Sanskrit learning, — will be gratefully appreciated by Native and European scholars. The present Note on the subject has been drawn up at tlu: request of the Hon'ble Mr. Strachey. There can be little doubt that such a catalogue as the Pandit contem- plates would be of use to a limited class of students. But there can, I think, be as little doubt that it could be only satisfactorily produced in Europe, or, at all events, by a European scholar capable of understanding the catalogues which European Sanskritists have already published in the Latin, German, and other tongues, and the extensive literature, in at least four European languages, which directly or indirectly treats of Sanskrit MSS. The compilation of such a work, even if it were confined to the MSS. already known, would be the labour of a life-time. It has taken Professor Aufrecht, one of the most laborious of German scholars, more than ten years to catalogue merely the Sanskrit MSS. in the Bodleian. Now, I venture to assert that no one who has ever seen a Native list of MSS. would think of entrusting a Native with the preparation of such a catalogue. The titles of Sanskrit works (which are all that Native lists present) arc often fanciful and insufficient to identify the books referred to. Take instances familiar to every one. Who would know beforehand that the " Immortal Treasury" (Amarakoslia) was a versified dictionary of synonyms, or that " Moonlight on the Established Truth " (Sictdlidnta- kaumud!) was a grammatical work of the school of Panini, and not, as the Commander-in-Chief suggests, a Sanskrit version of a speech of Mr. Disraeli's on the Irish Church ? The lists, too, are often untrustworthy, " important works" (I quote from Professor Biihler) "being entered under wrong titles." I know of no Native scholar possessed of the requisite learning, accuracy, and persistent energy. I know of no European scholar in India possessed of the requisite time, or who might not be more usefully employed in making original researches. Under these circumstances, the work, if done at all, should be done in England, and, like Max Miiller's edition of the Rigveda, under the patron- age of the Secretary of State. But, in my opinion, the preparation of such a catalogue at present would be premature, — the muster-roll of a regiment can hardly be made until the men are enlisted, — and some years must elapse Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. (even if the scheme which I am about to propose be vigorously carried out) before we possess even the names of all the extant Sanskrit MSS. I proceed to state what I venture to think would be the most practically useful course for the Government of India to follow in this matter, keeping within the pecuniary limits which I understand the Financial Member is willing to sanction. My scheme, I know, is quite incommensurate with the vastness and importance of the subject ; but the problem is : given R 2,000 a month, how shall we best employ that sum ? First. — We should print uniformly all procurable unprinted lists of the Sanskrit MSS. in Indian libraries. Lists of the collections in State libraries, such as that lately procured by the Political Agent at Jaypur, might probably be obtained by all the Political Agents and Residents in Nepal, Central India, and Rajputana — perhaps even at Travancore and the other independent States of Southern India. There exists more- over, or shortly before I left Madras there existed, a Native list of the numerous Sanskrit MSS. belonging to the late Raja of Tanjore; and this the Madras Government would probably be able to procure. Then, the number of private libraries is very considerable, especially in the Presidency of Bombay ; and though, as I have said, the lists of such collections are often untrustworthy, and books still figuring in them will sometimes, on enquiry, turn out to be lost, still they will frequently afford a clue to the discovery of unique or rare books. We should have the lists so printed, bound up in volumes ; and I would send copies to the various learned Societies of Europe, and to individual scholars, such as Aufrecht, Cowell, Goldstii^ker, Hall, Max Miiller, Muir and Rost in England, Benfey, Kuhn, Roth, Stenzler, and Weber in Germany, Regnier in France, Gorresio in Italy, Westergaard in Denmark, Bohtlingk in Russia, Whitney in America, Biihler and Griffith in India ; intimating at the same time that the Government would carefully attend to their sugges- tions as to which of the MSS. therein mentioned should be examined, purchased, or transcribed. Secondly. — We should institute searches for MSS. In order to this end, we should prepare from time to time lists of desirable codices, and place these lists in the hands of Native scholars and Collection and Preservation of the other persons willing to assist in the search. We might also send them to the principal officers employed in the Educa- tional Departments of the various Local Governments. The lists should be printed both in Nagari and Bengali ; those intended for distribution in the Madras Presidency should be printed in the Telugu character. The recipients of these lists should be invited to report their discoveries to such officer as should from time to time be appointed by the Govern- ment of India (I venture to suggest the present accomplished Home Secretary as the first appointee) ; and scholars, such as Professor Biihler in Bombay, Mr. Burnell in Madras, Mr. Growse in the North-Western Provinces, Babu Rajen- dralala Mitra or Mr. Tawney in Bengal, should every cold weather be sent on tours to examine the MSS. reported on, to seek new MSS., to explain to the Native scholars at the different places visited the objects and importance of the mission, and to purchase (for the India House librarj^) such MSS. as the possessors are willing to sell at a reasonable rate. Some tact and management will be needed to lessen the aversion which Native scholars sometimes have to shewing and parting with their books ; but here the Government might effectually aid by conferring titles of honour on such Sastris and other Natives as exhibit conspicuous liberality in this respect. The gentlemen sent on tours should, of course, make reports to Government, and those reports, as well as extracts from the communications obtained from the reci- pients of the printed lists of MSS., should from time to time appear in the Supplement to the Gazette of India. Thirdly. — Having thus gained some idea of the situation, extent, and nature of the stores of MSS. still preserved in India, we should proceed to copy those which are unique or otherwise desirable, but which the possessors refuse to part with. In selecting MSS. for transcription, we should bear in mind the subjects which European scholars deem most valuable. We should regard as of primary importance MSS. of the Vedas and Veddngas, and of their commentaries, law-books, gram- mars (especially those relating to the system of Panini), vocabularies, and philosophical treatises. We should regard Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. as of secondary importance poetry, astronomy, medicine, treatises on mechanical arts, &c. The chosen MSS. should be copied in Nagari, or, when necessary, transliterated into that character. This transliteration is absolutely essential. One of the largest and most valuable Sanskrit libraries in existence is at Madras ; but most of the MSS. being written in one or other of the four Dravidian characters (Telugu, Grantham, Malayalam, and Canarese), copies of them, in the original character, would be useless to European Sanskritists and to Native scholars in Northern and Western India. There would be little difficulty in procuring Telugu Brahmans competent to make the transliteration. Where the whole of a MS. is not transcribed, the Sdstri should be instructed to copy its beginning and its end. The copies and extracts so procured should, from time to time, be sent to the library of the India House. Duplicates, which will doubtless be sometimes accidentally obtained, might be given to the British Museum, the Bodleian, or to one or other of the great Continental libraries. To Europe we should send everything obtained in working out this scheme, — original MSS., copies, extracts ; for in Europe alone are the true principles of criticism and philology understood and applied, and^ fifty years hence, in Europe alone will any intelligent interest be felt in Sanskrit literature. There will then, it is safe to say, be as few Sanskrit scholars in India as there are now Greek scholars in Greece. Fourthly. — I would increase the grant made to the Asiatic Society at Calcutta for the publication of their Bibliotheca Indica. That grant now, I believe, amounts to the petty sum of R500 a month, and out of it the Society has to provide for the editing and printing of Arabic and Persian as well as of Sanskrit MSS. The increase so proposed to be given should be devoted solely to the publication of Sanskrit works hitherto unprinted ; and of these the Society may well be trusted to make a good selection. I would also encourage the Bombay Government to persevere in the admirable efforts which it has lately made for the discovery and preservation of the Sanskrit MSS. in Western India. Collection and Preservation of the The expense of carrying my scheme fully into operation would be comparatively trifling: R 24,000 a year would probably cover the whole cost at first, and the expense would, of course, gradually diminish as the collections were examined, or the desirable MSS. were purchased or transcribed. I would distribute the above-mentioned sum thus — Per mensem. Her annum. R « 25 Copyists, at R20 each ..... 500 Slntioncry . 100 Total .... 600 7,201) Tour expenses — (i) Norlh-Western Provinces, (2) Oiidh and Central Provinces, (3) Rajputana, (4) Bombay, (5) Madras and Mysore, and (6) Bengal, at Ri,ono each .......... fi,ooo Purchase of MSS 6,000 Printing Native catalogues and lists of desirable MS.S. . 1,000 Additional grant to Asiatic Society ..... 3,000 Sundries .......... 800 Total . 24,000 I venture to assert that the scheme above sketclied out would result in important contributions to the history of religion and philosophy ; that it would enable the Government to begin a work which should no longer be deferred, namely, the publication of critical editions of all authoritative Sanskrit law-books relating to inheritance and adoption ; that it would settle many important questions of philology; and that its efTect, politi- cally, would be beneficial, as tending to prove to the educated class of Hindus that the present Government of India is not neglectful of the claims of their literature ; that it is not contemptuously satisfied to leave the preservation and elucidation of that literature to the efforts of Continental scholars and the support of Foreign Governments. I submit that the scheme is elastic, economical, and practicable. It may be expanded in parts of India where the MS. material is unexpectedly large, and where available Native scholars are numerous ; it may be con- tracted in places where the MSS. turn out to be few or worthless, or where the chosen MSS. have been transcribed or purchased. It will require no expensive staff, — no creation of new offices. I may perhaps mention that, during the greater part of my stay at Madras, 1 employed a Telugu Brahman to transliterate into Nagari Sanskrit MSS. written in the Telugu, Rccorih of Ancient Sanskrit Lit era tare. Grantham, and Canarese characters, and chosen by Professor Biihler for transliteration. The Brahman's work was excellently accurate, and his wages were only R20. There is no doubt that the Government could still procure many like him, — perhaps at a lower rate of stipend. I speak with confidence as to the practicability of the scheme ; for, in its leading features, it is identical with that lately framed by Professor Biihler, which has resulted hitherto in obtaining from the Southern Mahratta Country and Canara alone the originals or copies of nearly two hundred valuable codices. But whatever may be done, I trust that no time may be lost in doing something. The climate and the white-ants of India are fell destroyers of manuscripts. The old race of Sastris is dying out ; the younger Natives are losing their interest in the study and preservation of their national literature ; and it is safe to say that in another generation, unless the Government bestir itself at once, much of value that is now procurable will have disappeared for ever. SlML.\; W. S. The 6th Aiigusi 1S68. Minute by Majoi--Geiiei-aI the Hon'ble Sir H. M. Dur.\nd, C.B., \k.C.S.\.,— dated Simla, the 13th August 1868. Our Administration has evinced no partiality for the encouragement of either antiquarian researches, or the preservation of the ancient literature of India. Some trifling and desultory investigations, such as those on which Major-General Cunningham was for some time engaged, are all that has been done in the purely antiquarian line ; whilst, with respect to the ancient literature of India, I am aware of nothing except the grant of R500 a month to the Asiatic Society, and the volumes of the Bibliotheca Indica which are the result of this moderate grant. In Bombay there has been some activity, which Mr. Stokes notices in his valuable Note, which suggests a much more systematic and comprehen- sive endeavour on the part of Government to ascertain the Sanskrit works that exist, to compile a valuable index, and to print critical editions of authoritative texts of Sanskrit law-books. However practical our Government may be in its administration of this great Empire, and justly reluctant to apply its resources to measures which offer no p.TJpable return of present or prospective advantage, it may, Collection and Preservation of the I think, be questionable whether this utihtarian principle may not over- shoot its mark, when it neglects the ancient literature of India, as an element having no sensible relation to the public mind of the masses of the Hindu population. Mr. Muir has shewn in his publications what use may be made of the Sanskrit ancient and authoritative works. Max Miiller corroborates it ; and though I with great regret confess my own inability, from my utter ignorance of Sanskrit, to give an opinion of any positive value on the uses of the ancient literature of India in the hands of our modern scholars, and of all who take an interest in the phases under which religion and law take root in the institutions and character of millions under our rule, I must at any rate confess that I have, throughout my whole career, been painfully sensible that the main reason of the superficial knowledge which was observable in the great mass of our official men with regard to the root-feelings pervading Hindu society, was the fact that our British officials had no means, as a general rule, of becoming at all conversant with the literature which a formed priesthood and the habits of ages make the current pabulum of the Hindu mind almost from its cradle. I am not in favour of devoting exorbitant sums to the sentimental nurture of Sanskrit or Arabic literature ; but, so long as both these lan- guages remain what they are, — the radical sources of enormous spiritual influence on millions under our rule, — I am averse, even from a purely utilitarian principle, to neglect their ancient utterances ; for they remain a living power among those millions. I have long regretted the comparative neglect of Oriental studies among the members of the British Services in India. I am aware that very few can find the leisure for such studies ; but this fact hardly justifies the Government in materially augmenting the hindrances to such studies, by neglecting even to indicate what works exist and are available. I am, therefore, much in favour of Mr. Stokes' moderate proposal, and of the publication of the best works gradually, and after careful examination and comparison of authoritative texts by competent scholars. I am certain it will redound, not only to the enduring credit of Her Majesty's Government, but to many now uncontemplated practical uses and modes of effective leverage on the manifold masses and phases of the Hindu mind. Simla; H. i\I. DURAND. The 13th August 1S6S. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India in tlie Home Department (Public), -^No. 4338-48, dated Simla, the 3rd November i868. Read — Extract from a letter from Pandit Radhakrishna of Lahore, to His Excellency the Viceroy, dated the loth May 1868, suggesting the compilation of a catalogue of all the Sanskrit MSS. preserved in the libraries of India and Europe, and stat- ing that anything done towards the encouragement of Sanskrit learning would be gratefully appreciated by scholars. Note by Mr. VVhitley Stokes, dated the 6th August 1868, containing his opinion as to the best course to be followed by Government in order to give effect to the re- commendation of Pandit Radhakrishna. Resolution. — Mr. Stokes is of opinion that such a catalogue as the Pandit contemplates could be satisfactorily compiled only in Europe, and that any attempt to produce it at present would be premature. The follow- ing are the principal features of the scheme which he proposes for render- ing the production of such a catalogue possible^ and otherwise for the encouragement of Sanskrit learning : To print uniformly all procurable unprinted lists of the Sanskrit MSS. in Indian libraries, and to send them to the various learned Socie- ties of Europe, and to individual scholars in Europe and India, with an intimation that the Government will carefully attend to their suggestions as to which of the MSS. therein mentioned should be examined, purchased, or transcribed ; To institute searches for MSS., and, to this end^ to prepare lists of desirable codices ; to distribute these lists among scholars and other peTsons willing to assist in the search, with a request that they will report their discoveries to such officer as may from time to time be appointed by the Government of India ; and to depute competent scholars on tours through the several Presidencies and Provinces to examine the MSS. reported upon^ to seek new MSS.^ to purchase MSS. procurable at reasonable rates, and to have copies made of such MSS. as are unique or otherwise desirable, but which the pos- sessors refuse to part with ; and To grant to the Asiatic Society of Bengal an additional allowance for the publication of Sanskrit works hitherto unprinted. 2. The statement given in the margin shews the financial result of Per annum, ^hc scheme ; and the total cost, R 24,000 a _ . , . „ ^ year, which it would entail on the Imperial re- 25 Copyists, at it 20 per -' ^ month 6,000 venues, is not extravagant when compared Stationery, Hioo per . , , . . , , • , ■ month 1,200 With the importance ot the object in view. Collection and Prescrvntion of the Per an.ium. His Exccllency ill CouDcil, therefore! accords Tour expenses, — (i) North- his general approval to the scheme, and re- Western Provinces and .,1,^1 t^ ^ • i.i u Punjab, (2) Oudh and quests that the Secretary in the Home Central Provinces, (3) Department will, in communication with Rajputana, (4) Bombay, ' (5) Madras and Mysore, Mr. Stokes, draw up such further instructions and (6) Bengal, at . . R, 000 each . . . 6,000 as may be necessary tor carrying it out. Purchase of MSS. . . 6,000 ORDER.— Ordered, that copy of this Re- Printing Native catalogues ' -' and lists of desirable solution, and of the papers referred to, be Additional grant to Asiatic ' forwarded to the Governments of Madras, Sundries^ °^ '^''"^''' ' ' ^800 Bombay, Bengal, North-Western Provinces, and Punjab ; the Chief Commissioners of Total per annum .24,000 _ ,, , „ , t^ ■ 1 ,1 /^ - Oudh and Central Provinces ; and the Com- missioners of Mysore and Coorg. Ordered also, that a copy of this Resolution, and of the papers referred to, be forwarded to the Financial Department and to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Ordered further, that a copy of this Resolution, and of the papers referred to, be forwarded to the Foreign Department for communication to the Political Officers under its control. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretaries to the Governments of Madras, Bombay, North- Western Provinces, Punjab, and Bengal; to the Chief Commissioners of Oudh and the Central Provinces, — Nos. 4349 104355, dated Simla, the 3rd November iS58. I AM directed to forward copy of a Resolution this day recorded by the Governor-General in Council, in regard to the discovery and preserva- tion of the records of ancient Sanskrit literature. His Excellency in Council has no doubt that the object in view will enlist - -^ zealous co-operation of ti!^ ue«Tenant.GovTno'r . ^nd that among the servants of Govern- * Madras. | Punjab. ment and Other gentlemen in * , European N°-w''provs Oudh" ^^^ Native, several will be found able and Central Provs. willing to assist in its attainment. The circumstances of each province differ so materially, that it is ex- pedient only to lay down such general rules as may serve to secure the necessary degree of uniform and concerted action. Records of Ancient Saiisktit Literature. 2. All procurable unprinted lists of Sanskrit MSS. in the Native the Govern- ment of ■ Madras Bombay N.-W. Provs. Bengal Punjab ) Oudh 'J your Adminis- Central Provs. ) tration. libraries, situate within the territories under should be printed uniformly in octavo, in the Nagari character, and under the super- intendence of a competent editor, such as Babu Rajendralala Mitra in Bengal, Mr. Burnell in Madras, and Dr. Biihler in Bombay. Fifty copies of each list so printed will be sent to the Government of India in the Home Department, and the remainder of the edition (which need not exceed 150 copies) may be sold to the public, or otherwise disposed of as the Local Government or Administration thinks fit. 3. Competent scholars should be sent annually on tours to examine the MSS. named in the Native catalogues so printed, to seek new MSS. (especially those named in the lists of desiderata hereinafter mentioned), to explain to Native scholars at the different places visited the objects and importance of the mission, to purchase such MSS. as the possessors R are willing to sell at a reasonable rate, and to 1,000 employ copyists to transcribe codices which 1,000 are unique, extremely old, or otherwise desir- 500 able, but which the possessors refuse to part ■5°° with. The gentlemen sent on tours will make 500 & _ 1,000 reports to their respective Local Govern- ments, and such reports will be transmitted to Bengal (L. P.) . Bombay Madras and Mysore N.-W. Provinces Punjab Oudh Central Provinces Rajputana Note. — The officer sent by Madras will extend his researches to Mysore. The Sr?uTafpTop;faudfo"lo"urs i^Al^^^^^^ the Government of India in the Home Depart- '^"^' ment. The annual expense of the several tours should be so arranged as not to exceed, in the case of each Local Government and Administration, the amount marginally noted. 4. Scholars both in India and in Europe will be invited to transmit lists of desiderata. Those in Europe will be requested to communicate with the Government of India through the Secretary of State ; those in India, through the Local Governments. From the suggestions so received, general lists of desiderata will be prepared and circulated annually, and the notice of Local Governments and Administrations will be drawn to entries in the catalogues received from them which seem to refer to any work in the lists of desiderata. 5. Subjoined is a specimen form in which, as far as possible, notices of MSS. ascertained to exist may be ]5reparcd. Qiiarterl)' lists of the M.SS. Collection and Preservation of the found during the previous quarter will be submitted in this form to the Government of India in the Home Department. 6. Local Governments and Administrations will use their discretion in purchasing or having copies made of the MSS. existing within their jurisdiction. His Excellency in Council would, however, suggest the desirability of bearing in mind the subjects which European scholars deem most valuable, and that MSS. of the Vedas and Veddngas, and of their commentaries, law-books, grammars, vocabularies, and philosophical treatises, should be regarded as of primary importance. When transcripts are made, these should be in the modern Devanagari character. Copies of the Sanskrit MSS. existing in Southern India, if made in the Telugu or other Dravidian character, would be of little use to European Sanskritists and to the large majority of Native scholars. 7. The annual outlay in purchasing and transcribing MSS. should not exceed, in the case of each Local Government and Administration, the amount marginally noted. But if a valuable library be offered for sale, if any rare and rapidly perishing MSS. be available for transcription, or if there be any other ground for incurring extra ex- penditure, the local authorities should state NoTE.-The sum allotted to Madras and the facts of the case to the Government of Mysore will be expended under the direc- j ,. 1 • 1. Mt u J i. i.- .- tion of the Madras Government. That India, which Will be ready to sanction any allotted to Rajputana will be expended , • , 1 ir under the direction of the Governor-Gen. reasonable prOpOSal in thiS bchalt. eraJ's Agent. 8. The original MSS. and transcripts so obtained should be carefully preserved apart in the office of the Secretariat of each Government and Administration, pending the arrangements which may be made in each case for their ultimate disposal. Such arrangements will, from time to time, be communicated through the Government of India in the Home Department. Quarterly lists of the MSS. remaining undisposed of will be forwarded to the Government of India by each Local Government. Pur- Tran. chase, scription. R R Bengal (L. P.) 1,000 1,200 Bombay 1,000 1,200 Madras and Mysore 1,000 1,200 N.-W. Provinces . 500 600 Punjab . 500 600 Oudh . 500 600 Central Provinces . 500 600 Rajputana 1,000 1,200 No. 4356. Copy to Foreign Department, with request that, if there is no objection in that Department, orders to the above effect may be communicated to the Agent of the Governor-General, Rajputana. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 13 J, 13 13 -^ 0) «■. ' ba A SC twD+J C g-^ bi30'^'5 ? s cS "^b-^Sf^-o^^ ^BSS5.--£-Sg.s.. !^-^^i|i^lii •-300v-304Ja.OtTj j:*^*j*jt*- rt IJJ3 [fiT: u H 13 J-Mt 'S C 9 -c g-s-s .= E 1 ^ •0 c S 0) u JZ ^ ."en — qj ex,-" to ,(u .*i,i; ft. •T3 J, ^- rt g c »-■ j= (U 4) S s S "rt S 5j.^ — rt si C JZ -^ M « CI •" rt d.s"- z "0 g ^ m 2 a. ^ •T3 >, (U J3 i.cS E CIS i'S'S ^ zS > w v_- (/} C 1- s s a i^ 'O ^ c ^ E g E c a; rt-Q Z 6 Z 14 Collection and Preservation of the From Da'bu Uajkndralala iMitra, lo Captain J. Waterhouse, B.S.C, Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, — No. 47, dated Calcutta, the istli February 1875. I HAVE the honour to submit the following report on the operations carried on by mc to the close of 1874 for collecting information regarding Sanskrit manuscripts in Native libraries. 2. Objects of the enquiry. — Under the orders of Government, my atten- tion has been steadily directed — 1st, to enquire and collect information regarding rare and valuable manuscripts; 2nd, to compile lists thereof; 2rd, to print all procurable unprinted lists of such codices, with brief notices of their contents ; 4th, to purchase, or secure copies of, such of them as are rare or otherwise desirable. 3. Enquiry for AfSS. : Places visited. — The work under the first head has been mainly conducted by a Pandit, who has been deputed to the Mufassil to visit the different private Tols or Sanskrit colleges and private gentle- men who are reputed to possess collections of Sanskrit MSS. ; and I have been out on several occasions to help him. I have also been to Benares on three occasions to enquire for and purchase MSS. The places visited by the Pandit include the districts of Dacca, Nadiya, Bardhwan, Hoogly, and 24-Pergunnahs. The large collections of Raja Yatindramohan Thakur, of the late Sir Raja Radhakant Dev, of the late Babu Ramkomal Sen, of the late Raja Pi'tambar Mitra, of Babu Subaldasa Mallik, and of others in Calcutta, have also been examined. In Dacca Pandits are the only owners of MSS., no private gentlemen having anything like a large collection, and the few works they have being mostly such as have already been printed. In Nadiya the library of the Raja of Krishnanagar contains the largest number of Tantras ; but at the time when my Pandit visited it the MSS. were kept in a very neglected state, and most of them were found to be defective. In Bardhwan there are not many Tols, but Babu Hitalal Misra of Manakara has a very choice collection of works, including a great number of very rare treatises on the Vedanta. In Hoogly the Serampur College has a small, but valuable, collection of MSS., procured principally by the late Dr. Carey, and there are also a few Tols owning MSS. In the 24-Pergun- nahs several zemindars have good collections of the Tantras and the Puranas ; and the numerous Tols on the left bank of the River Hoogly, and at Harinabhi and elsewhere, contain many old and rare works of which very little is known to European Orientalists. There are no Maths (monas- teries) in any of the districts named which contain a collection of .Sanskrit Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 15 works : not even the Math attached to the great temple of Tarakesvara in the Hoogly district is noted for its literary treasures. The case is, however, different in Rajshahi, Maimansing, Pabna, Tirhiit, and Orissa, where some of the Maths own large collections of great age and considerable value. 4. Substance of MS8. : Paper. — The manuscripts examined are mostly written on country paper, sized with yellow arsenic and an emulsion of tamarind seeds, and then polished by rubbing with a conch-shell. A few are on white Kalmiri paper, and some on palm-leaf. White arsenic is rarely used for the size, but I have seen a few codices sized with it, the mucilage employed in such cases being acacia gum. The surface of ordinary country paper being rough, a thick coating of size is necessary for easy writing, and the tamarind-seed emulsion affords this admirably. The paper used for ordinary writing is sized with rice-gruel, but such paper attracts damp and vermin of all kinds, and that great pest of literature the "silver-fish" thrives luxuriantly on it. The object of the arsenic is to keep off this insect, and it serves the purpose most effectually. No insect or worm of any kind will attack arsenicised paper, and so far the MSS, are perfectly secure against its ravages. The superior appearance and cheapness of European paper has of late induced many persons to use it, instead of the country arsenicised paper, in writing /oM/i-; but this is a great mistake, as the latter is not nearly so durable as the former, and is liable to be rapidly destroyed by insects. I cannot better illustrate this than by referring to some of the MSS. in the library of the Asiatic Society. There are among them several volumes written on foolscap paper which date from 1820 to 1830, and they already look decayed, mouldering, and touched in several places by silver fish. Others on John-letter paper, which is thicker, larger, and stouter, are already so far injured, that the ink has quite faded and become in many places illegible ; whereas the MSS. which were originally copied on arsenicised paper for the College of Fort William in the first decade of this century, are now quite as fresh as they were when first written. I have seen many MSS. in private collections which are much older and still quite as fresh. This fact would suggest the propriety of Government records in Mufassil Courts being written on arsenicised paper, instead of the ordinary English foolscap, which is so rapidly destroyed both by the climate and also by white-ants. To guard against mistakes, I should add here that the ordinary yellow paper sold in the bazars is dyed with turmeric, and is not at all proof against the attack of insects. i6 Collection and Preservation of the 5. History of paper. — It is well known that originally the Hindus used leaves of trees for writing upon, whence the name of letters in Sanskrit has become pattra, and latterly newspapers have been designated by the same name. The oldest manuscript on paper I have seen is a copy of the Bhagavatapurana, now in the possession of Babu Harischandra of Benares. It bears date Samvat 1367= A. C. 1310, and is consequently 565 years old. Its paper is of a very good quality ; and judging from it, it is to be inferred that the people of the country must have, at the time when it was written, attained considerable proficiency in paper-making. Long before that time, in the reign of Bhoja Raja of Dhara, a work was written on letter-writing (the Prasastiprakdsikd) , and in it detailed direc- tions are given for folding the material of letters, for leaving a large space on the left side of such letters as margin, for cutting a portion of the left lower corner, for decorating the front with gold-leaf, for writing the word ' Sri ' a number of times on the back, &c., &c. — all which apply to paper, and cannot possibly be practicable on palm-leaf ; and the inference therefore becomes inevitable, that paper was then well-known and in general use, though the word used to indicate it was pattra, probably very much in the same way as paper of the present day owes its name to papyrus. Again, a verse occurs in the Sarnhita of Vyasa, which must be at least two thousand years old, in which it is said " that the first draft of a document should be written on a wooden tablet, or on the ground, and after correction of what is redundant and supplying what is defective, it should be engrossed on pattra ;" and it would be absurd to suppose that pattra here means leaf, for leaves were so cheap, that it would have been a folly to save them by writing on wooden tablets, which were much more costly. How long before the time of this verse paper was known, I have no positive evi- dence to shew ; but the frequent mention in the old Smritis of legal docu- ments (lekhya), of their attestation by witnesses, of their validity, &c., suggests the idea of there having been extant in olden times some material more substantial and convenient than palm-leaf for writing ; and knowing that paper was first manufactured by the Chinese, long before the commencement of the Christian era, that the famous charta bombyci7ia of Europe was imported from the East, and that block-printing was exten- sively practised in Tibet in the fourth century, I am disposed to believe that the Hindus must have known the art of paper-making from a very early date. Whether they originated it, or got it from the Chinese through the Tibetans, or the Kasmiris, who have been noted for their proficiency in Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 17 the art of making paper and papier-mache ware, is a question which must await further research for solution. A priori it may be argued that those who manipulated cotton so successfully as to convert it into the finest fabric known to man, would find no difficulty in manufacturing paper out of it. 6. Palm-leaf. — The palm-leaf referred to above is not now much in use, except in Orissa, and in the Mufassil vernacular schools, as a substitute for slates. In Bengal the Chandi is the only work which is now-a-days written on palm-leaf, as there is a prejudice against the formal reading of that work from paper MSS. — a prejudice in many respects similar to what obtained in Europe against printed Bibles in the first century after the introduction of printing. Formerly two kinds of palm-leaf were in use : one formed of the thick, strong-fibred leaflets of the Corypha taliera (tiret) , and the other of the Borassus flabelliforrnis (talapdtd) . The former is generally preferred for writing Sanskrit works, as it is broader and more durable than the latter, and many MSS. are still extant which reckon their ages by five to six hundred years. The leaflet of the Corypha elata is sometimes used in lieu of those of the taliera. The leaflets of all the three kinds of palms are first dried, then boiled or kept steeped in water for some time ; then dried again, cut into the required size, and polished with a smooth stone or a conch-shell. For school use no such preparation is necessary. 7. Bark. — The practice of writing on bark is of the greatest antiquity, and, from constant use, the Greek and the Latin terms for that substance, — bibles and liber, — have long since become the names for books, even as the name of the rolls of ancient parchment MSS. produced the term volume, and codes of laws have received their generic name from the bundles of boards on which they were written, — from codex, a tablet of wood. In the eastern districts this practice of writing on bark still prevails, and I have seen several codices of bark which formed thin sheets like veneer, eighteen inches by four ; but I have not been able to ascertain from what species of tree the article had been obtained. Some say that the tree called uara (Morunga hyperantiiera) yields the best bark for writing upon ; but I have not seen it. The birch bark, Bhurjapattra (Betula bhurja) , is extensively used as a material for writing upon ; but only for amulets, it being too thin and fragile for books. I have by me a piece of this bark about a hundred years old, which, on a space of ten inches by eight, contains the whole of the Bhagavadgitd, written with letters so small that they are illegible to the naked eye, and require a magnifying glass to be read. It was evi- B 1 8 Collection and Preservation of the dently intended to be worn as an amulet enclosed in a locket of gold or copper, but it had never been so used. Whether the iJAw/y bark was ever pasted or glued into thick sheets I cannot say. 8. Wood, metal, and skin. — In the Sastras tablets of wood and metal have been recommended as materials for writing upon, and in former times copper-plates were usually employed for royal patents, and in Burmah they are still occasionally used for writing large works ; but I have seen none now used by the Pandits of Bengal. Wooden tablets are confined to petty traders' account-books in Bengal ; but in the North- western Provinces poor people have some religious books written with chalk on blackened boards. In the Lalitavistara, or ' Legendary Life of Buddha,' mention is made of sandal-wood boards which were handed to Sakya when he first commenced to write. In Europe parchment and dressed skins of goats have been from time immemorial used as materials for books, and for durability they stand unrivalled ; but I have never seen mention in Indian works of parchment, or dressed skin of any kind, as material for writing ; and palimpsests are, of course, unknown. 9. Pens. — According to the Yoginitantra, bamboo twigs and bronze styles are unfortunate, and gold and reeds are the best for pens ; but the universal practice among the Pandits of Bengal is to use the bamboo twig for pens, and only rich householders employ the vrinnala or klidkrdvGed. In the North-Western Provinces the reed or calamus, whence the Indian word kalama, is generally used, and bamboo pens are all but unknown. The latter however, when well-prepared, is much more elastic and durable, and it has the further and supreme advantage of being everywhere pro- curable without any cost. Crow-quills were formerly used for writing very small characters for amulets, but never for ordinary manuscripts. In Orissa, where letters are scratched, and not written, on palm-leaves, an iron style with a pointed end and a flat top everywhere replaces the bamboo twig and the calamus reed. 10. Ordinary ink. — The ink used for writing poihis is of two kinds : one fit for paper, and the other for palm-leaves. The former is made by mixing a cofTee-coloured infusion of roasted rice with lamp-black, and then adding to it a little sugar, and sometimes the juice of a plant called kesiirte (Verbesina scandens). The labour of making this ink is great, as it requires several days' continued trituration in a mortar before the lamp-black can be thoroughly mixed with the rice infusion, and want of s\ifficient trituration causes the lamp-black to settle down in a paste, leav- Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 19 ing the infusion on top unfit for writing with. Occasionally acacia gum is added to give a gloss to the ink ; but this practice is not common, sugar being held sufficient for the purpose. Of late, an infusion of the emblic myrobalan, prepared in an iron pot, has occasionally been added to the ink ; but the tannate and gallate of iron formed in the course of preparing this infusion are injurious to the texture of paper, and Persian MSS., sometimes written with such ink, suffer much from the chemical action of the metallic salts. The ink for palm-leaf consists of the juice of the kesurte, mixed with a decoction of dltd. It is highly esteemed, as it sinks into the substance of the leaf and cannot be washed off. Both the inks are very lasting, and being perfectly free from mineral substances and strong acids, do not in any way injure the substance of the paper or leaf to which they are applied. They never fade, and retain their gloss for centuries. 11. Coloured ink. — To mark the ends of chapters, and for writing rubrics, colophons, and important words on paper, an ink made of cinnabar, or dltd, is sometimes used ; and in correcting errors the usual practice is to apply on the wrong letters a colour made of yellow or red orpiment ground in gum-water, and, when it is dry, to write over it. Omissions of entire words and sentences, of course, cannot be rectified in this way, and they have therefore to be supplied by writing on the margin. Inter- lineation is generally avoided ; but in old MSS., which have been read and revised by several generations, they are not altogether wanting. In com- mentaries the quotations from texts are generally smeared over with a little red ochre, which produces the same effect which red letters in Euro- pean MSS. were intended to subserve ; whence the term 'rubric' got into currency. These peculiarities, however, are more prominent in the MSS. of the North-Western Provinces than in those of Bengal, and in palm-leaf codices they are generally wanting, except in Burmah, where some sacred Pall works are written with a thick black varnish on palm-leaves, through- out richly gilt, and wrought over with scrolls and other ornaments. Ordi- nary Burmese MSS. have the edges of the leaves painted and sometimes gilt. 12. Illustrations. — Illustrations are almost unknown in Bengal, but in Orissa they are frequently employed. The most noted place, however, for illustrations is Kasmir, and the finest and richest MSS. are usually pro- duced in that province, the illuminations consisting of flowery initials, gro- tesque cyphers, single figures, historical compositions, marginal lines, and scroll borders ; most of the illustrations are in the Moorish stvle. Collection and Preservation of the 13. fiisc, &'c., of paper AfSS. — The size of paper MSS. varies from eight to twenty inches by four to eight inches. The paper is folded so as to mark the margins and regulate the straightness of the lines. In the North-Western Provinces the paper is sometimes so folded as to retain two leaves together ; but in Bengal it is always cut into separate and dis- tinct folia. Sometimes a board mounted with strong thread, tied at equal distances, is used for a ruler. The paper is laid flat on this board, and then pressed hard with a ball of cloth, whereby it receives an impres- sion of the threads on its surface, and these impressions look very like vvaterlines. The leaves are written over lengthwise, leaving a uniform margin all round. The words are generally, but not always, separated by small spaces, and for punctuation the upright stroke, or ddndi, is freely used. No breaks are made to indicate the ends of paragraphs or sections ; and should the writing at the end of a work terminate in the middle of a line, the line is filled up by writing the letter sri, or stars, or the name of some god several times, until the line is completed, so that all the lines may be of uniform length. In the case of codices which contain both a text and a commentary, the text is written in large letters in the middle, and the commentary above and below it in smaller letters. This arrangement is called the trivalli form, and some tact is necessary in en- grossing it. so that all the commentary on the given text may be comprised on the same page. The copyist's name is frequently given at the end, and also the date in Saka or Samvat — rarely in Jupiter's cycles. The name of the place where the copy is made, and that of the party for whom it is made, are also occasionally given, but never the name of the reigning sovereign. A protestation sometimes occurs at the end, saying that the copyist has faithfully followed his text and is not responsible for errors. 14. Size, &€., of palm-leaf MSS. — Palm-leaf MSS. are, from the nature of the material, narrower and longer, and they are never ruled or folded, the veins of the leaf serving the purpose of ruling. A square space is usually left blank in the middle of the page, and in the centre of it around hole is punched for a string to pass through, for the purpose of tying the codex in a bundle. Very long MSS. have two such spaces and holes. The Tantras enjoin that the holes should always be punched — never cut with a knife, or produced by burning. The reason for this rule is obvious, as cutting or burning produces a hole with jagged sides, which are very apt to catch the string and cause a split in the leaf. A clean, punched hole allows the string to slide freely, and produces no injury. In Bengal some Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. very old paper codices have the square blank space in the middle, but none has any hole bored in it. In the North-Western Provinces the blank space does not occur, and both in Bengal and the North-West the leaves are piled in a bundle between two boards, and then tied round in a piece of coarse cloth. Where the codices are small, with a view to economy several of them are usually tied in one bundle, and this causes much trouble in finding out any particular work when needed. For boards the spatha of the betel-nut tree, which yields a thick, coreaceous, pliant substance, is often substituted in the eastern districts, and they are found to be very useful, as they are not liable to warp, crack, or be attacked by insects. /J. Mode of preserving MSS. — In the houses of rich men a dry masonry room is generally assigned to MSS., where a sufficient number of shelves or chests are provided for the storage of the codices. But care is not always taken to open the bundles every now and then, and to expose them to the sun for a few hours. In pakka monasteries, the same mode of preservation is also adopted ; and there being always some monk or other who can read, and who takes a delight in reading, the bundles are more frequently opened, aired, and dried. The Jains are very particular in this respect, and in their monasteries great care is usually taken of their literary treasures. The case is, however, very different as regards the Tols of Bengal. The men who own them are, with rare exceptions, very poor ; they live in low, damp, thatched huts of the meanest description ; they have no means of buying proper cabinets for their manuscripts ; and their time is so occupied by their professorial duties, and frequent pere- grinations to distant places for earning the means of their livelihood, that they cannot often look after their books. The receptacle they usually assign to their MSS. is a bamboo frame placed across the beams of their huts, exposed constantly to the damp emanating from the daily-washed mud floors of their rooms, and occasionally to leakage from ill-made and old thatched roofs ; while mice and other vermin have full and free access to them at all times. The mice are particularly destructive, as they not only gnaw cloth, boards, and palm-leaves, but, by their liquid discharges, rapidly destroy the texture of arsenicised paper. The fact was first brought to my notice by a mukhtiyar when I was a boy. He asked my permission to put two sheets of fresh-looking, written, stamped paper for a night on the bottom of a cage of white mice, which were my pets. The permission was granted, and the next morning the papers were taken out, stained and decayed very like old documents, which they were, I then 22 Collection and Preservation of the learnt, intended to pass for. I was also told and shewn that by careful and repeated washing with a mixture of the fluid discharge of mice with water, paper can be made to assume the appearance of any age that may be desired : the effect produced is not confined to the surface, but is perceptible even in the texture of the paper. i6. Copyists and copying. — Even as in mediaeval Europe monks were the principal copyists of ancient works, so have their congeners been the principal preservers of Sanskrit literature in India during the last ten or fifteen hundred years. Yatis, Sannyasis^ Gosains, and their disciples congregated in large Maths^ devoted all their leisure-hours^ — the former to composing, and the latter to copying ; and the monasteries benefited largely by their labours. In the Tols the pupils were, and still are, the principal copyists. In return for the board, lodging, and education they receive, free of all charge, from their tutors, they copy all such works as their tutors require, and thus the Tols are enriched. For the public, however, the principal copyists are the Kayasthas. Old and used-up men of this caste, when no longer fit to earn their livelihood by active exertion, generally betake to copying ancient works for householders and private gentlemen, and the bulk of the MSS. now extant are due to their labours. Poor Brahmans also take to this occupation. Seated on their haunches, with the paper or palm-leaf resting on their raised knees, which serve for a table, and the pen and ink procured from materials everywhere available, they ply their vocation without making any outlay, or sub- jecting themselves to any exertion which would be unsuited to their habits and time of life. The remuneration they formerly derived ranged from one rupee to two rupees eight annas per thousand slokas of thirty- two thousand letters, according to the quality of writing. The rates have now been doubled, owing principally to the demand for copyists being limited, and very few taking to the profession. As a class these copyists are men of limited literary knowledge ; but generally speaking they are faithful to their duty, and reproduce the originals placed before them with fair accuracy. 77. Auttienticity of MSS. — They rarely attempt to correct the errors and mistakes of the originals, and, to exonerate themselves from all charge of tampering the originals, they not unoften put a verse at the end of their works, saying, " As he has seen, so has he copied, and the copyist should not be blamed for mistakes." Clerical errors they are certainly liable to, and do commit ; but such errors are not numerous. One Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 23 serious mistake they, however, sometimes commit, — it is that of copying in the body of the text notes and parallel or remarkable passages, which often occur on the margins of old and frequently-read codices ; and these consequently appear as parts of the texts in their works, and subsequent copying from their codices perpetuates the interpolation. This is, how- ever, done through ignorance, and not through any wicked motive. Of fabrications and forgeries the Mahatmyas and local legends afford ready instances ; but they are due to Pandits, and not to copyists. Corrections made by Pandits when reading are necessarily perpetuated by copyists, and to them are principally due the numerous varise lectiones which are to be met with in Sanskrit writings. This evil has been of late greatly multi- plied by incompetent editors, who print texts from solitary MSS., and replace doubtful readings and fill up lacunae by imaginary emendations. With a few praiseworthy exceptions the publications of the Bengali and Benares presses belong to this class, and they are much less trustworthy than even corrupt MSS. The plasticity of the Sanskrit language admits of even obviously incorrect readings being explained somehow, and the authenticity of the originals is thereby irretrievably ruined. The errors of MSS. may be corrected by collation, for, though there are many faulty MSS., I have every reason to doubt that there are many falsified texts ; but the fabrications in printed books issued by thousands cannot be readily detected and exposed. With so many causes at work to injure the authenticity of ancient Sanskrit works, and at a time when European Orientalists are so busily employed in tracing interpolations and corruptions which have already taken place, it would be futile to attempt in a report like this to enquire at length how far the charge may be sustained ; but this much may be said, that the MSS. now extant do not shew any sign of dishonest fabrica- tion ; codices from three to four hundred years old, existing in different parts of India, — in Bengal, Madras, Bombay, and Kasmi'r, — are so closely similar in their readings that they produce no suspicion in the mind of their having been tampered with. What happened before that time it is not necessary for me to guess ; suffice it to say in the language of Isaac Taylor, that " the habitudes of eastern natioris undergo so little change in the lapse of ages that probably these descriptions of things as they are now would differ little from a similarly graphic account of the same operations dated a thousand years back. Where the arts of life remain in their rude state, all those operations which depend upon them continue nearly the same." 24 Collection and Preservation of the 1 8. Age of MSS. — The oldest palm-leaf manuscript I have seen bears date Samvat iiSg^A.C. 1132, and the oldest paper manuscript, as afore- said, is Samvat 1367 ^ A.C. 1310 ; but such records are exceedingly rare, and the general run is from 150 to 250 years. Among old MSS. taken to Europe, Dr. Weber in his invaluable catalogue of the Berlin Collection notices several codices ranging from four to six hundred years. Seeing that Charta bombycina has lasted in Europe for eight to twelve hundred years, this age, for works which claim to be from two thousand to three thousand five hundred years old, is very unsatisfactory ; but the climate of Bengal, and the manner of keeping MSS. here, as above described, are highly unfavourable to their preservation for a long time, — not to advert to the wholesale destruction of MSS. in large Maths and richly endowed temples, which must have resulted from the ravages of those whose co- religionists burnt the Alexandrine Library. Indeed, it is not remarkable that old MSS. are so rare, but that, notwithstanding such potent influences constantly at work, there should still exist in the country so many and such old MSS. as have been from time to time met with. A new influence is now at work for the destruction of MSS. The halo of sanctity which formerly surrounded Sanskrit literature is fast fading away : the ancient Hindu religion is gradually losing its hold on men's minds ; Sanskrit is no longer a paying study ; European literature is rapidly replacing it everywhere ; the venerable old Pandits, — the repositories of traditional and book knowledge of ages, whose erudition was the profoundest, to whom no modern scholar, European or Asiatic, can for a moment be com- pared, and who have hitherto preserved with such unflinching zeal the oldest literary monuments of the Ar}'an race, — are rapidly dying out, and their places are not being supplied by the rising generation. For hundreds who formerly studied Sanskrit we have now scores ; and there being little demand, very few new MSS. are being prepared to take the place of those which are crumbling down by age. Many works of great literary value and age have already disappeared, and others are in imminent risk, and, unless timely saved, will in half a century more be irreparably lost. 19. Accessibility of MSS. — Generally speaking, the heads of Tols are the only persons who have really old and scarce works. They know the value and history of the several works on particular branches of San- skrit learning to which they severally devote their attention, and each tries his utmost to secure copies of all the leading and rare works bearing upon the subject of his study. It also often happens that the son takes Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 25 up the subject in which his father was most proficient, and in some families for many successive generations the same subject has been studied, and the works collected by them are generally very correct and complete. But the worthy professors, deeply learned as they are, are not open to worldly influence, and are extremely shy and suspicious. In their estimation the most valued treasures they possess are their MSS., and they evince the greatest reluctance to shew them to strangers. Ordinarily, they do not flatly refuse access to their stores, though some do so ; but the passive resistance they offer is often insurmountable. The first day's visit is generally passed in conversation ; on the second day a few of the com- monest works are shewn ; on the third the proprietor is busy with other duties and has no time to bring out MSS. ; on the fourth day he is not at home ; and so on. Several days are lost before a really good MS. is brought to light ; and as my plan requires the copying of the initial and final lines, and an abstract of the contents, a great deal of valuable time is lost before a single collection is finally examined ; and before this consummation can take place, it often happens that the owner of the MSS. is called away by a distant invitation or some other errand, and my travelling Pandit's work is brought to a stop. No possessor of a Tol has any catalogue or list of his MSS., and if by dint of repeating the names of a great number of rare works, the owner is made to acknowledge he has a particular work, very little advance is made towards getting access to it, for the bundles in which MSS. are kept are not numbered ; and as from six to twenty different works find place in each bundle, the task of finding it out takes days, if it be forthcoming, which is not always the case. In the houses of private gentlemen access is readily given ; but when visits have to be repeated for days, the party in charge of the library offers much passive resistance, and a great deal of time is lost to meet his convenience. If I could satisfy myself with bare names, the work could advance more expeditiously ; but as a work of this kind can only be done once, I think that it is better to lose some time than to produce a result which cannot be satisfactory to scholars. It is not at all likely that an undertaking of this nature will be attempted a second time. 20. Lists of rare works. — With a view to help the travelling Pandit, I have printed two lists of very rare MSS., for which he makes enquiries at every Tol. Copies of these lists have also been sent through the Director of Public Instruction to the heads of all the schools under his control ; but as yet no satisfactory return has been obtained. 26 Collection and Preservation of the 21. Cotnpilation of a general list or inventory. — The work under the second head of my enquiry has been conducted by me with the assistance of a Pandit and a writer. The lists procured by the travelling Pandit, and by me through friends and correspondents, are regularly entered alphabeti- cally in a large book, writing only the names of the MSS., their subjects, and the names of their owners. This book, when completed, will be an inventory of all the Sanskrit MSS. of value extant in Bengal. A compila- tion is next made from this record of all works which require to be noticed in detail, and the descriptive accounts are then written out in full. 22. Publication of Notices. — At first I was under an impression that separate lists of particular collections would be the best, as suggested in the orders of Government ; but I soon perceived that it involved much un- necessary trouble and expense, and caused the repetition of the same names a great number of times. So it had to be given up. The nominal list referred to in the last preceding paragraph will, I think, when completed and published, supply the information fully and in a handy form. In the meantime my attention has been devoted to detailed notices of all works not included in the catalogue of the Asiatic Society's collection. Of these " Notices," two volumes and one part have already been publish- ed, comprising altogether 86 1 pages royal octavo, and descriptive accounts of 1,140 separate codices. For the sake of carrying on the printing while my researches are in progress, no systematic arrangement is attempted, and manuscripts are noticed as they turn up. The inconvenience arising from this course is, however, obviated by annexing to each volume a classified table, and a full alphabetical index. 23. Contents of the Notices. — The number of Vedic works or portions of the Vedas in the published Notices is limited, and all of them have been seen or obtained at Benares, not a single codex having been seen in the possession of a Pandit of Bengal in the several Tols which have been visited. This total absence of the most important and most revered of Sanskrit works in the libraries of those who have been the principal custo- dians of Sanskrit literature is a remarkable fact, and it is usually accounted for by the Pandits by reference to a verse of the Yogini'tantra which says : " Whoever keeps MSS. of the Vedas in his home soon finds his abode struck by lightning." The verse is obviously due to the sectarian zeal of the Tantra, which would admit of no rival in its neighbourhood; but the true cause, I believe, is that Bengal has never been the seat of a Vedic school, and consequently it has never been taught here, nor MSS. prepared Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 27 or preserved. It is said that when, on the overthrow of the Pala Rajas, Adisiira, the Hindu sovereign of Bengal, wanted to celebrate a great Vedic sacrifice, he could find no native Brahman competent to officiate at it, and had to indent for five learned priests from Kanauj. These priests settled in the country, and gave new life to Hinduism everywhere ; and many of their descendants have been noted as great scholars and distinguished authors ; but they do not seem to have cultivated the Vedas, and there is not a single treatise on the Vedas or Vedic learning among their writings. Their special ybr^e has been philosophy, and works on the subject are abundant everywhere. The Nyaya schools of Tirhut and Nadiya have enjoyed de- served celebrity all over India, and every Pandit of any note has some work or other on" the subject not common elsewhere. Works on the Vedanta are also numerous. The former class is represented in the published Notices by 98 treatises, and the latter by 67 codices. The Upanishads, as bearing on the Vedanta, are represented by 92 works. The Tantras come next to Nyaya ; Bengal is particularly noted for them, and of them I have noticed 205 works, or parts of works. In my last report I have already given an account of the nature and character of this class of works. Grammar, Lexicography, Rhetoric, and other branches of Sanskrit learning are also fairly represented in my Notices, as will be evident from the following classified list : — I. Vedasastra^ a. Samhitd (Hymns) . b. Brdhmana (Ceremonials) c. A!ra>iyaka (Ditto appro- priate for forest-life) d. Upanishad (Theology) e. Vaidika (Sutras, Rituals, Phonetics, Sec.) . II. Aitihasikasastra — a. Itihdsa (History) . b. Purdna (Ancient leg- ends) .... III. Kavyasastra — " a. Kdvya{'Poems) b. Ndtaka (Drama) . c. Champu (Poetico-prose compositions) d. Kosha (Miscellaneous poetical collections) e, Updkhydiia (Tales and romances) . . . 1 IV. Abhidhanasastra (Lexico- graphy) . . . ; V. Vyakaranasastra (Gram- mar) . . . . VI. Chhandassastra (Versifica- tion) .... VII. Alankarasastra (Rhetoric) VIII. Jyotisha.sastra (Astronomy and Astrology) . . ( IX. Smritisastra (Law, Civil and Canonical). . . i( X. Saiigi'tasastra (Music) XI. Silpasastra (Art) XII. Kamasastra (Erotics) . XIII. Darsanasastra (Philosophy) — a. Sdnkhya (Hylotheistic) . b. Nydya (Dialectic) . . 1 28 Collection and Preservation of the c. Vaiieshika (Physical) . d. Afimaijsd (Ritualistic) . e. Veddnia (Monotheistic) . f. Yoga (Theocratic) . g. AparaddrSanika (Minor systems of Philosophy) XIV. Bhaktisastra (Faith) . XV. Tantrasastra (Mysticism) . 205 XVI. Vaidyaka (Medical science) 44 XVII. Jainasastra (Jaina religion) . 7 XVIII. Bauddhasastra (Buddhist religion) . . . o XIX. Anirdishta (Miscellaneous) . 7 Total . . 1,140 It should be noted that in making my selections I have been guided by a desire to exclude all works existing in the library of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, a descriptive catalogue of which is now in the press, and it is not desirable that the same works should be twice noticed. My work will, in conjunction with the catalogue of the Calcutta Sanskrit College and of the Asiatic Society, constitute a complete record of the bulk of the Sanskrit literature extant in Bengal ; and as all the three works are being printed at the cost of Government, they may well be taken to be parts of one under- taking. 24. Facsimiles. — At the suggestion of Mr. Burnell of Mangalore, I have introduced in the last two fasciculi facsimiles of some of the more ancient and important MSS. noticed. When a sufficient number of these illustrations has been published, they will prove of much use in determining the age of manuscripts from the style of their writing, and as contributions to a know- ledge of Indian palaeography. 25. Oudh catalogue. — While carrying my Notices through the press, I have been also engaged in editing a catalogue of Sanskrit MSS. existing in Oudh. Four fasciculi of this work have already been published. 26. Purchase of MSS. — Manuscripts are not marketable articles, as they do not readily find purchasers ; the people at large look upon them as worthless, and consequently there are no shops in Bengal for the sale of MSS., while the Pandits of the province, who are the principal owners of MSS., look upon them as treasures of inestimable value, never to be parted with on any account. I have, therefore, found the greatest difficulty in buying MSS. in Bengal. The case is different at Benares. From all parts of India, Pandits at an advanced age, leaving everything behind them except their MSS., repair to that sacred place to die, and on their demise hawkers purchase their stocks for a trifle, and subsequently sell them to pilgrims and others at a considerable profit; and my purchases have been made prin- cipally from these hawkers. The total of my acquisitions on account of Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 29 Government comprises 656 codices, mostly entire works, some being frag- ments of larger treatises. Most of these have been purchased, a few being copied to my order. They may be thus classified : — I. Vedasastra — a. Samhitd (Hymns) . . 2 b. Brahmana (Ceremonials) 5 c. Aranyaka (Ditto appro- priate for forest-life) . i d. Upanishad (Theology) . 36 e. Vaidika (Sutras, Rituals, Phonetics, &c.) . . 143 II. Aitihasikasastra — a. Itihasa (History) . . g b. Puraiia (Ancient legends) 7 III. Kavyasastra — a. Kavya (Poems) . . 36 b. Nataka (Drama) . . 2 c. Champic (Poetico-prose compositions) . . 2 d. Kosha (Miscellaneous poetical collections) . 3 e. Upakhyana (Tales and romances) ... 7 IV. Abhidhanasastra (Lexico- graphy) ... 8 V. Vyakarana.sastra (Gram- mars) .... 28 VI. Chhandassastra (Versifica- tion) .... 3 VII. Alankarasastra (Rhetoric) j,VHI. Jyotishasastra (Astronomy and Astrology) IX. Smritisastra (Law, Civil and Canonical) X. Sangitasastra (Music) . XI. Silpasastra (Art) XII. Kamasastra (Erotics) . XIII. Darsanasastra (Philosophy) — a. San-khya (Hylotheistic) b. Nyaya (Dialectic) . c. Vaiseshika (Physical) d. Mimansa (Ritualistic) e. Vedanta (Monotheistic) /. Yoga (Theocratic) . g. Aparadarianika (Minor systems of Philosophy) XIV. Bhaktisastra (Faith) . XV. Tantrasastra (Mysticism) XVI. Vaidyaka (Medical science) . XVII. Jainasastra (Jaina religion) XVIII. Bauddhasastra (Buddhist religion) XIX. Anirdishta (Miscellaneous) . Total . 58 LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS. I.— Veda. (a) Samhita. 95 Sakalasamhita. 430 Pavamanasukta. (b) Brahmana. 22 Aitareyabrahmana. 460 Aitareyabrahmana. 331 Gopathabrahmana. 605 Chhandogyopanishadbrahmana. 253 Rudrabhashya. (c) Aranyaka. ICO Aranyakapanchaka. (d) Upanishad. 364 Atharvapanchamopanishad. 357 Amritanadopanishad. 353 Amfitavindupanishad. 534 Atharvanatapani'yopanishadbhashya. 616 Atharvanatapanlyopanishadbhashya, with Giidharthapradipika and Athar- vanopanishattika. 364 Atharvanapahchamopanishad. 30 Collection ami Preservation of the 167 fsvaragitopanishad. 371 Upanishatkaiida. 370 Rishikopanishad. 441 Kalhakopanishadbhasliya. 607 Kenopanisliadbhashya. 606 Kenopanishad\ yakhyavivarana. 359 Kaivalyopanishad. 372 Kaushitakjupanishad. 360 Garudopanishad. 361 Garudopanishad. 369 Golokopanishad. 358 Chhurikopanishad. 443 Taittiriyopanishad, Bhiiguvalli. 444 Taittiri^opanishadantargatabhriguv- atlibhashya. 366 Narayanopanishad. 337 Nrisinhottaratapaniyavyakhya. 363 Paramahansopanishad. 289 Paingalopanishad. 61 1 Bahvrichabrahmanopanishad. 368 Brahmopanishad. 356 Mahopanishad. 442 Mandiikyopanishadbhashya. 610 Mundakadyupanishadah. 365 Ramottaratapaniyopanishad. 354 Vajrasuchikopanishad. 367 Sivopanishad. 374 Svetasvataropanishad. 355 Sandhyopanishad. 276 Suresvarabhashya. 362 Hansopanishad. (e) Vaidika. 18 Agniprayoga or Baudhayanagni. 422 Agnihotraprayoga. 160 Agnihotrahoma. 260 Agnyadhana. I Agnyadhanapaddhati, 28 Agnyadhanabaudhayana. 3 Achchhavakaprajoga or Dvadasaha- prayoga. 580 Anukramanika. 346 Anukramaiiikavivarana. 512 Antyeshtipaddhati. 90 Antyeshtiprayoga. 573 Apatnikadhananirnaya. 43 Asvamcdhapaddhati. 635 Asvamedhasi'itra. 86 Adhanaprayogaor Adhanapaddhati. 516 Adlianaprayoga. 448 Adlianaprayoga. 92 Adhanabaudhayana. 474 A'dhanabaudhayani. 447 Adhananvarambhaniyahotra. 294 Adhaneshti. 490 Apastambasomaprayogasiitra. 633 Apastambasutra. 634 Apastambasutra. 644 Apastambasutra. 64s Apastambasutra, 646 Apastambasutra. 648 Apastambasutra. 649 Apastambasutra. 643 Apastambasutradhurtabhashya. 501 Apastambi'yaprayaschittadhyaj-ati- ka. 421 A'pastamboktagnjadhananirupana. 453 Asvalayanabrahmanyaprayoga. 88 Asvalayanasutraprayoga. 421 Asvalayanasiitraprayogadipika. 423 Asvalayanoktagrayanahotraprayo- ga- 304 Ahitagnyanteshtiprayoga. 43 Ukthaprayoga. 437 Upanishadbrahmana. 259 U'hachchalakshara. 550 Rikpratisakhyabhashya. 312 Rigvedanukramanika. 61 Rishitarpanam ISIaitragnisakhiyam. Rigvedapratisakhya. 104 Rigvedasarnhitahomavidhana. 647 Ekabaprasna. 636 Kapardisvamibhashya. 413 Kalpavivarana. 29 Katyayanaprayoga. 80 Kundarkaman'chiniala (Te.\t). 45 Kundarkamarichimala (Comnicii- tary). Records of Ancient Sanskrit Litcratitre. 31 520 Gani. 105 Gayatribrahniakalpaprayoga. 2S0 Grihyasutrapraj'oga. 386 Chayanapaddhati. 306 Chayanapaddhati. 484 Chaturmasyaprayoga. 503 Chaturmasyaprayoga. 248 Chaturmasyaprayoga. 40 Chaturmasyaprayoga. 461 Chaturmasyasiitra. 66 Chaturmasyahotra. 458 Chaturmasj'ahotra. 455 Chaturmasyakarika or Viharakarika. 36 Chhandogaparasiitra. 50 Jyotiratiratra. 581 Jyotsna (Hiranyakesisutravyakhya). 449 Darsapaurnamasa. 30 Darsapaurnamasa. 429 Darsapaurnamasaprayoga. 486 Darsapaurnamasaprayoga. 463 Darsapaurnamasaprayoga. 303 Darsapaurnamasaprijaichittakarika. 39 Darsapaurnamasadhvaryavaprayoga. 180 Daivatanirnayakanda. 431 Dvadasahahotraprayoga. 652 Dhurtasvamibhashyati'ka. 247 Nakshatreshtiprayoga. 373 Naradiyasiksha. 513 Nighantu. 518 Nirukta, purvardha. 508 Nirukta, uttarashatka. 293 Neshtriprayoga. 35 Panchapadika. 54 Padagadha. 539 Padagadha. 557 Pavamana. 102 Pavamanahomavidhi. 432 Pavamanahomavidhi. 574 Pasubandha (Baudhayanasiitriya) 375 Pushpasutra. 270 Prayogaratna. 299 Prayogasara. 467 Prayogadi'pika. 507 Prastotriprayoga. 428 Pratisakhya of the Rigveda. 478 Balakhilyasastra. 287 Brihatisahasrasastra. 344 Brihadrigvidhana. 542 Baudhayanasiitra. 97 Baudhayanachaturmasyasutrapra- yoga. 300 Baudhayanasomayagasutra. 499 Baudha)'an;yasulvasutra. 480 Baudhayanadarsapaurnamasapray- aschitta. 479 Baudhayanasomaprayoga. 446 Bharadvajaparibhashasutra. 416 Bharadvajasiitra. 59 Mahagniprayoga. 514 Mrigareshti (Apastambiya). 541 Mrigareshti. 425 Maitravarunaprayoga. 481 Yajamanakritya. 85 Yajhaprayaschittavivarana. 258 Rahasyachchhalakshara. 63 Rudrajapa. 17 Rudrapaddhati. 41 Rudranushthanapaddhati. 433 Laghuvritti. 32 Vajapeyaprayoga. 34 Vajapeyaprayoga. 491 Vinayakasantiprayoga. 455 Viharakarika or Chaturmasyakari- ka. 603 Vyadihayagrivipratisakhyavivarana. 106 Santikalpadi'pika. 33 Sulvasutravivarana. 650 Sulvavivarana. 345 Saunakalaghvrigvidhana. 189 Sangrahaneshti. 497 Sarvaprishtaptor Yamaprayoga. 632 Samanyasutra. 157 Savitrachayana. 651 Suparnachitipaddhati. 450 Subrahmanyasamaprayoga. 641 Somaprayoga. 420 Somaprayoga. 307 Subodhinf, Kalpasiitralika. 32 Collection and Preservation of the 107 Sankhayanasutra. 569 Svaramanjari'. 482 Sagnikasvalayanamrilavidhi. 78 Sankshepaprayoga, Asvalayana. 38 Saptasomasanisthapaddhali. 438 Hiranyake^jisutra. 631 Hiranyakesisutra. 64 Hotrakalpadruma. II. — Aitiha'sikasastra. (a) Itihasa. 591 Adhyatmaramayana. 483 Bharatabhavapradipa. 397 Mahabharata. log Mahavansavali. 393 Ramayana, Prathamakanda. 394 Ramayana, Dvitiyakanda. 395 Ramayana, Tritiyakanda. (b) Purana. 523 Ekakaratika (in Mahratti). 311 Kapilasamhita. 399 Kiirmapurana. 406 Ganesagita from Ganesapurana. 507 Narasinhakalpa. 317 Padmapurana. 7 Padmapurana, Patalakhanda. 528 Padmapurana, Patalakhanda. 84 Parasarapurana. 308 Parasarapurana. 233 Brihaddharmapurana, Gangastava. 226 Brihannaradiyapurana. 275 Brihannaradiyapurana. 392 Brihannaradiyapurana. 298 Brahmapurana. 398 Brahmandapurana. 396 Bhagavatapurana. 400 Lingapurana. 365 Lokevyavayaslokatika. 8 Vikhyatapurana. 587 Vidvanmanorama. 538 Vindhyamahatm3'a. 588 Vishnupurana. 315 Vedastutivivarana. 540 Vyankatagirimahatmya. 297 Sivapurana. 536 Sivavayavi'yasanihila (Uttarabhaga). 213 Sivasamhita. 626 Saurabhasariihita, Indraprasthamahat- mya. III. — Ka'vyasa'stra. (a) Kavya. 412 Ekakaratika. 77 Kavichandrodaya. 385 Kamadhenu or Kavikalpadruma. 271 Khandaprasastitika. 162 Gangashtaka. 161 Gangastotra. 290 Ganesasahasranamavyakhya. 127 Gitagovindalika. 418 Gitagovindalika. 498 Gitagovindalika. 70 Gunasagara. 327 Gunasagara. 145 Ghatakarpara. 140 Chandronmilana. 142 Chaurakavya. 334 Chaurakavya. 103 Jagachchandrika, a Commentary on the Raghuvansa. 531 Dasabodha (in IVIahralli). 506 Dvadasaslotravyakhya. 576 Nitisataka. 582 Naishadhacharita, with tika. 194 Padyapushpaiijalistotra. 192 Pavanavijaya. 15 Manmohanavilasa. loi Mukundavijaya. 404 IVIeghaduta. 403 Raghuvansa. 533 Ramalingavarnana. 578 Lalitastotra. 24 Varanasidarpana or Kasikaprakasika. 640 Vibudhopadesa. 510 Visvagunadarsa. 436 Sriramachandrasyashtoltarasataka. 37 Satyanathabhyudaya, with tika. Records of Ancient ScDiskrit Literature. 33 525 Harimidestotra. | 330 Harivilasakavya. (b) Ndtaka. 124 Dhiirlasamagama. 340 Sakunlala. (c) Champii. 283 Damayanlichampi'i. 570 Prahiadachampu. (d) Kosha. 567 Vidvadbhiishana. 415 Viharisatasayya. 215 Santiiataka. (e) Upakhyaiia. 401 Kathakalpataru. 318 Dasakumaracharita. 530 Dasakumaracharita. 73 Damayantikatha. 34 Sukasaptatika. 48 Satyopakh)'ana or Ramarahasya. 53 Sinhasanadvatrinsatkatha. IV. — Abhidha'na. Ill Akarabheda. 410 Anekarthamaiijari. 409 Amarakosha. 146 Dvirupakosha. 562 Paiichataltvaprakasa. 119 Padarthakaumudi, a Commentary on the Amarakosha. 496 Parasikaprakasa. 1 25 Lingadisangrahatika. V. — Vya'karana. 65 Akhyatavadatika. 261 Akhyataviveka. 343 Audaryachintamani. 172 Katantrapariiishla. 209 Katantravrittitippaiii. 177 Katantravrittitika. 281 Karakavichara. 469 Kaiyatatika. 517 Chidasthimala. 263 Dasalakaravada. 473 Prakriyakaumudi. 590 Bhashavritti. 252 Madhyakaumudi. 175 Mugdhabodha. 178 Mugdhabodhati'ka. 264 Rapratyaharamanclana. 526 Laghusabdaratna. 487 Vaiyakaranabhiishana. 477 Vaiyakaranasiddhantamanjusha. 5 Vaiyakaranasiddhantaratnakara. 642 Sabdakaustubha. 387 Sabdasasanavyakarana. Sabdanusasanavritli. 273 Sarasvataprakriya. 411 Sarasvataprakriya. 262 Subodhini. 165 Harinamamrita. 388 Harinamamrita. VI. — Chhandahsastra. 407 Chhandomanjari. 316 Pingalachchandovrilti. 558 Vrittamuktavali. VII. — Alankar.\. 555 Ekonashashtyalankaraprakasa. 546 Kavyaprakasatika. 82 Rasataranga. 532 Rasatarangini. 383 Sarabodhini, a Commentary on the Sahitj'adarpana. VIII. — Jyotisha. 134 Adbhutasarasangraha. 74 Ketudayaphala. 476 Kesavitika. 20 Kosalagama. 157 Granthasangraha. 243 Granthasangraha. I 475 Grahalaghavodaharana. 27 Jagachchandrika. 269 Jaiminitajikodaharana. 168 Jyotihsagarasara. 240 Jyotirbhushana. 575 Jyotisharatnamala. 34 Collection and Preservation of the 623 Tajikasarati'ka. 352 151 Divyachudamani. 445 52 Daivajnachintamani. 521 620 Daivajnabandhava. 11 621 Pahchasvara. 91 378 Prichchhajhana. 189 Prasnakaumudi. 624 55 Prasnarnava. 341 Prasnavali. 329 268 Badarayanaprasna. 500 439 Brihajjataka. 468 348 Brihaspatisarphita. 389 351 Brihatparasari. 419 266 Bhavachintamani. 519 Makarandavivarana. 113 524 Muhurtaganapati. 144 339 Muhiirtachintamanilika. 19 72 Yoginidasaphala. 42 577 Ramalaprasna. 116 622 Ramalasara. 427 349 Rekhajatakasudhakara. 452 71 Lagnachandrika. 129 76 Laghujatakatika. 386 62 Laghusaunaki. 380 426 Vasanabhashya, a Commentary on 114 the Siddhantasiromani. 417 212 Sisubodhini. 278 254 Shatprasni. 295 604 Samhitavivriti by Bhattotpala. 639 249 Samudrika. 216 Svarodaya. 112 350 Hastasarijivini. 302 246 464 IX. — Smriti. 462 Antyeshtipaddhati. 451 488 Antyeshtipaddhati. 58 245 Antyeshtiprayogapaddhati. 56 4 Asauchakanda. 120 118 Asauchamaiijari. 227 502 Ahnikaprayoga. 637 14 Utsargamayiikha. 235 522 Ritusanti. 9 96 Rishitarpana. 116 267 Karmaprakasa. 214 Kamarupayatrapaddhati. Kalatattvavivechana. Kalaninaya. Krityaprakasa. Gadadharabhashya or Smartad- harmaprayoga. Chaturvargachintamani, Seshak- ancja. Jirnoddharavidhi. Jivatpitrikakartavyasanchaya. Tattvakamalakara. Tithitattva. Dasakarmadipaddhati or Sanskara- paddhati. Durgotsavavi'veka. Dolarohanapaddhati. Dharmasindhusara. Nandisraddhapaddhati. Paddhatisaiigraha. Pindapitrij-ajiiaprayoga. Punarupanaj'anaprayoga. Puranadanamahatmya. Purushottamatattva. Pujapaddhati Pratishthaviveka. Prayogachudamani. Prayogapaddhati . Prayogaratna. Praj'ogaratna and Aurdhvadehika- paddhati. Pravasakritya. Prayaschittachandrika. Prayaschittapradi'pika. Prayaschittamuktavali. Mangalapiijaprayoga. Mahasantipaddhati. Yajnaprayaschittavivarana. Vastutattva. Vastuhoma. Vidyakalpasutra. Vyavastharnava. Vratodyapanavidhi or VraUkatha. Suddhitattvakarika. Suddhidipika. Records of Ancioit Sanskrit Literature. 35 218 Sraddhavidhi no Shodasapindadanaprayoga. 115 Sankrantinirnaya. 207 Sandhyapaddhati. 435 Sannyasagrihyapaddhati or Sanny asaprayoga. 277 Samayapratibandhavichara. 47 Suryadipanchayatanapratishtha- paddhati. X. — Sangi'ta. 566 Nadakarikavritti. XI.— SiLPA. XII. — Kama. 313 Vatsyayanakamasastra. XIII.— Darsana. (a) Sankhya. 206 Saiikhyakaumudi. 274 Sankhyatattvakaumudi. 324 Sankhyarthatattvapradipika. (b) Nyaya. 49 Anubhavasara. 131 Anumitirahasya. 133 Aparokshanubhutirahasya. 472 Kusumanjalibodhini. 44 Khandanaprakasa. 545 Gunasaramanjari. 326 Chintamaniprameyadipika. 225 Tarkatippani. 559 Tarkaprasanga. 222 Tarkarahasya. 579 Tarkamrita with Tika. 322 Dvitiyavyutpattivada. 571 Nischayatvanirukti. 584 Nyayatrisutrivarttika. 319 Nyayavindu. 544 Nyayasiddhantamahjaridi'pika or Tarkaprakasa. 99 Nyayasiddhantamuktavalidipika. 186 Pakshatatippani. 189 Pakshatarahasya. 342 Pakshatarahasya. 602 Padarthakhantlana. 601 Padarthakhandanalippani. 188 Padarthadharmasangraha. 556 Parokshaj liana. 595 Pramanaparayana. 495 Bauddhadhikarasiromani. 494 Bauddhadhikarasutra. 68 Bhavanandiyabhavaprakasika. 296 Bhavadipika. 381 Bhashaparichchheda. 229 Viseshavy.iptirahasya. 230 Vyadhikaranadharmavachchliina- bhavarahasya. 228 Vyaptigrahopayarahasya. 382 Vyaptijiiana. 231 Vyaptipaiichakarahasya. 238 Vyaptyanugamatippani. 211 Sabdhachintamanyaloka. 126 Sabdarthasaramaiijarl. 67 Siromanipiirvardhatika. 202 Samanyabhavatippani. 200 Samanyabhavarahasya. 549 Samanyalakshanadidhititippani. 203 Samanyalakshanarahasya. 219 Sinhavyaghra. 589 Syadvadamaiijari. 548 Hetvabhasadidhititippanf. (c) Vaiseshika. Vaiseshikadarsana. (d) Mimansa. 468 Nyayasudha. 594 Piirvamfmansarthasangraha. 583 Mimansasarasarvasva. 434 ViharavapJ. 309 Vaiyasikadhikaranamala. 572 Sphotatattva. (e) Vednnta. 325 Advaitadarpanabhavaprakasika. 286 Advaitadi'pika. 338 Advaitadi'pika. 25 Advaitabrahmasiddhi. 586 Advaitasiddhi 552 Advaitasiddhantavidyotana. 537 Aparokshanubhiiti. 36 Collection and Preservation of the 563 Amritavarshini, a Commentary on Ihc Brahmasutra. 613 Amritavarshini. 560 Akasopanyasa. 310 Atmapurana. 511 Atmavidyopadesavidhi. 489 Upadesarahasya. 617 Gaudapadabhashya with Tika. 529 Ji'vanmuktiprakarana. 615 Ji'vanmuktivivel'ta. 504 Tattvadipa and Tattvanibandhalika. 320 Tattvaprakcisika. 109 Tattvamuktavali. 305 Tattvanusandhana. 143 Darianakalika. 301 Drikdrisyavivekavyakhya. 98 Dvaitanirnayasiddhantasangraha. 585 Naresvaraparikshaprakasa. 561 Nibandhatattvadipa. 630 Paiichabhiitavivekaditika. 332 Prakasarthapradipika. 128 Balabodhini. 292 Brahmavidya. 592 Brahmavidyabharai.ia, a Commen- tary on the Vedantasutra. 593 Brahmavidyabharana. 21 Brahmasiddhantapaddhati. 284 Brahmasutra. 333 Brahmamritavarshiiii. 243 Bhashyachchhayavyakhya. 547 Bhashyatikavivarana or Vivarano- panyasa. 564 Manacharitra (in Mahratti). 565 Muktaphala with Tika. 335 Mumukshusarvasvasara. 596 Laghuchandrika. 492 Vakyavritti with Vivarana. 553 Vakyasudha with Vivarana. 414 Vivekasara (in Mahratti). 471 Vivekasindhu (in Mahratti). 515 Vivekamrita, Uttarardha. 288 Vedantakalpalata. 535 Vedantaparibhasharthadipika. 614 Vedantasahjhanirupana. 291 Sastrapradipika. 597 Sastrasiddhantalcsa- 600 Sanatsujatlya with Vivarana. ' 456 Sarvopanishatsara. 457 Sarvaslokilika with Text. 328 Siddhaparibhasha. 626 Sahasropadesi gadyatmika. 627 Sahasropadesi padyatniik,i. 598 Siddhantachandrika with Tika. 69 Siddhantachandrodaya. (f) Yoga. l6o Gorakshashtaka. 94 Dattagita. 147 Dattatreyasamhita. 391 Yogavasishtharamayana. 239 Yogavasishthasara. 470 Yogavasishthasaratika. 241 Yogavivarana. 25s Yogavija. 96 Yogasarasangraha. 347 Hathapradipika with Tika. (g) Aparadarsanika. XIV. — Bhaktisa'stra. 629 Gudharthadipika. 459 Gopalaviveka. 390 Gopalalilamrita. 402 Dasabodha. 608 Pisachabhashya. 137 Bhaktiratnavali. 638 Bhagavadbhaktichandrikollasa. 138 Bhagavadbhaktivilasa. 257 Rangabhringavalli. 408 Radhakundadinirnaya 279 Vishnubhaktikalpalata. 612 Sivagita from the Matsyapuraiia. 466 Srimadbhagavadgitatatparyanirnaya. 465 Srimadbhagavadgitabhashya. 525 Harimidestotra with Tika. 525 Haristutivyakhya or Haritattvamuk- tavali. XV. — Tantra. 130 Annadalialpa. 377 Aparajitastotra. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 37 132 Acharasaratantra. 166 Isanasarnhita. 46 Upangalalitapujana. 175 Karpiiradistavatika. 244 Kamaratnatantra. 173 Kamarupayatrapaddhati. 171 Kalikadisahasranamalika. 176 Kalisahasranamastotra. 170 Kalistavaraja. 174 Kaival3'atantra. 158 Gayatrikalpa. 155 Gayatribrahmollasatantra. 272 Gayatri'visvamitrakalpa. 143 Gayatrihridaya. 242 Gaj'atrihridaya. 163 Guptasadhanatantra. 156 Gurugita. 159 Gurutantra. 164 Gurupadukapaiichakastotratika. 142 Gaurikaschulika. 141 Chakradipikashatchakravivaraiia. 169 Jnanatantra. 87 Jnanarnava. 93 Jnanarnavatika. 220 Takaradisvarupa. 223 Takaradisvarupavyakhya. 13 Tantraratna. 121 Tantrikapujapaddhati. 379 Tarabhakti. 221 Tararahasj'avrittika. 224 Tripurasarasamuchchayallka. 148 Durgadinamastotra. 150 Durgavakyaprabodha. 149 Devikavacha. 185 Nigamatantrasara. 138 Nilatantra. 12 Nyayarakshamani. 112 Parthivaliivgapujavidhi. ig6 Pithanirnaya. 187 Purascharanarasollasa. 193 Purascharanaviveka. 159 Purnandachakranirupanalika. 123 Pranatoshini. 81 Balatantra. 136 Brahmajnanatantra. 139 Bralimajnanatantraraja. 117 Bhagavatigi'ta. 135 Bhagavatigita. 180 Matrikakosha. 182 Matrikajaganmaiigalakavacha. 181 Mayatantra. 179 Mundanamalatantra. 336 Lingarchana or Lingachayana. 237 Vagalapatala. 236 Vagalamukhistotrakavacha. 250 Varshatantra. 376 Vamakesvaratantra, Pichchhilatantra, Avadhutanubhuti, Bhairavatantra, Pratyangirakavacha. 234 Vidyotpattiguhyatiguhyatantra. 232 Vijakosha. 323 Saktisaiigamatantra. 83 Sivapujapaddhati. 10 Syamapujapaddhati. igg Syamastotra. 217 Srigurusahasranamastotra. 122 Shatchakrabheda. 208 Shatchakrabhedatippani. 210 Shatchakravrittitika. 31 Samayachararatna or Samayachara- tantra. 204 Sarasvatitantra. 201 Sundarisaktidanastotra. XVI. — Vaidyakasa'stra. 485 Chikitsasara. 256 Jvaradichikitsa. 184 Nacjijnanadipika. 160 Paryayaratnamala. 26 Bhavaprakasa. 16 Rasayanaprakasa. 145 Rasendrachintamani. 198 Rajavallabha. 197 Rogavinischaya. 554 Vidyaprakasachikitsasara. 618 Vaidyarahasj'apaddhati. 619 Saiijnasamuchchaya. 51 Sarngadharasangraha, 75 Sarasangraha. 38 Collection and Preservation of the From R. Simpson, Esq., Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, to E. C. Bayley, Esq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, Simla, — No. 1600, dated Allahabad, the 6th April 1869. With reference to the Resolution in the Home Department, No. 4341, dated the 3rd November last, I am directed to forward, for the information of His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General in Council, a copy of a letter* from the Director of Public * No. 2616, dated i8th ultimo. • xt 1 Instruction, North-Western Provinces, and of its enclosure, describing the measures which it is proposed to adopt for carrying into effect the scheme for the collection of valuable Sanskrit manuscripts. 2. The Hon'ble the Lieutenant-Governor recommends that the sum of R 1,600, allotted to the North-Western Provinces for this purpose, may be allowed, as suggested in paragraph 2 of Mr. Griffith's letter, to be drawn annually, to form a fund, the unexpended balance of which will accumulate for any larger operations that may be required in one year than another. 3. The other proposals of Messrs. Griffith and Kempson are considered judicious, and have been approved. From M. Kempson, Esq., m.a.. Director of Public Instruction, North-Western Pro- vinces, to R. SiMSON, Esq., Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, — No. 2616, dated Allahabad, the iSth March iS6g. With attention to your No. 2064A., dated 25th November last, I have the honour of submitting herewith, for His Honour's information, copy of a letter received from the Principal of the Benares Sanskrit College relative to the collection of Sanskrit manuscripts. 2. I agree with Mr. Griffith in his view of the Native feeling, and am of opinion that valuable Sanskrit works wanted in Europe may be perfectly well represented by copies, so long as the copies are prepared in the Sanskrit College, and bear its stamp of authentication. The proposal to employ the College Librarian for the duty of collection is judicious, and in offering his services as superintendent of the transactions, Mr. Griffith answers for the success of his plan. A half-yearly report from him of the progress of enquiry, purchase, and registration would keep the Govern- ment and the public sufficiently informed. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 39 From R. T. H. Griffith, Esq., Officiating Inspector, 3rd Circle, Department of Public Instruction, North-VVestern Provinces, to M. KEMPSO>f, Esq., m.a.. Director of Public Instruction, North-Western Provinces, — No. 119, dated Benares, the 13th March 1S69. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your docket No. 1759, dated 30th November last, with a copy of G. O. No. 2064A., dated 25th idem, and its enclosures, and submit herewith my proposals for carrying out the object of the Government of India therein referred to ; and if they meet your approval, I shall be able, I think, to submit before long my quarterly list, as ordered in paragraph 5 of Mr. Howell's letter to the address of the Secretary to the Government, North-Western Provinces, No. 4351, dated 3rd November 186S, for the first quarter of 1869. 2. The Government has sanctioned an outlay of R 1,600 per annum, R as noted in the margin, for the North- West- Tour expense . . .500 ern Provinces. I propose that this sum may Purchase expense . . 500 r i- j Transcription expense . . 600 be drawn annually and formed into a fund, Total . . 1,600 which, if there be savings now, may meet future extra expenses when our operations are extended, commensurate to the information we collect and the expe- rience we gain. 3. For the present, I propose to employ, with the consent of the Prin- cipal of the College, Pandit Ramanath, the Sanskrit College Librarian, as our agent for the discovery and preservation of the records of ancient Sanskrit literature. He was bred a librarian ; his father was also a libra- rian. He knows Sanskrit enough for the purpose ; and his acquaintance with the people, and his experience in the way of procuring rare Sanskrit manuscripts, make him peculiarly fitted for the work. I propose to pay him R15 per mensem as an honorarium for his extra work out of College hours, and i^ anna per mile when travelling by rail, and 4 annas per mile when marching by stages, with Ri per diem for halts, as travelling expense : the whole will not exceed the sum (R500) allowed for tour expenses. Benares being the first city in the North-Western Provinces, and the chief seat of Sanskrit learning in India, he will be able to collect much of his information, and do much of his work, at home, and by going out during the two and half months in the year, when the College is closed, to do the rest to meet the object in view. 4. If allowed, I am prepared to undertake to superintend the printing of the lists of Sanskrit manuscripts in the North-Western Provinces. 40 Collection and Preservation of the 5. I shall submit, from time to time, the list of those manuscripts which 1 have thought worth purchasing or copying. 6. But, before closing this letter, I feel myself bound to bring to your notice a matter so closely connected with the ultimate success of the noble design of the Government of India. When talking the other day on the subject with some intelligent Hindus, to engage their zealous co-operation in the matter, their invariable remark, with reference to paragraph 8 of the above-quoted letter, was, that " Pandit Radhakrishna wanted to have lists of books here and in Europe, to preserve them in original, or in copies, for the use of his countrymen" ; but his efforts have resulted only in hurrying on the catastrophe so emphatically predicted in the end of paragraph 10 of Mr. Whitley Stokes' note, dated 6th August 1868, where he says — ' To Europe we should send everything obtained in working out this scheme — original manuscripts, copies, extracts ; for in Europe alone are the true principles of criticism and philology understood and applied, and, fifty years hence, in Europe alone will any intelligent interest be felt in Sanskrit literature. There will then, it is safe to say, be as few Sanskrit scholars in India as there are Greek scholars in Greece. ' 7. It is well known how a Hindu worships his scriptures ; and, with him, almost every book which is written in the sacred Sanskrit language is a scripture. It is well known how averse Hindus are to part with their Sanskrit books, especially when they know they are to fall into the hands of those who are sure to use them as weapons against their religion. They do not bind their books, simply in order that they may not have to lend them all at once, even to their friends or co-religionists. Some years ago, I heard, an old Pandit had tied up and sealed all his books in bags, making a will that they were to be sunk in the Ganges as soon as his life was extinct ; and leaves of books have often been seen floating in the river. Mr. Whitley Stokes is aware of this, and proposes, in the end of the gth paragraph of his Note (above-mentioned), the conferring of titles on Sastris who exhibit liberality in this respect ; but I am afraid there are very few Sastris, at least in this part of the country, so enlightened. It is only poverty, and extreme poverty generally speaking, which forces them to part with their books for pecuniary considerations. It was to remove this difficulty that some intelligent Hindus of this city started a project in 1851 to store the Benares College with Sanskrit manuscripts, with a guarantee from the Government that they were never to be removed from the place. The following remarks of the late Lieutenant-Governor, Mr. Thomason, Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 41 on the prospectus, are taken from a private note : — " As to the Library at Benares, I cannot conceive that such a measure would ever be thought of as Sivaprasad seems to apprehend, nor do I see how any pledge that I can give, or that any one can give, precludes the possibility of such a mea- sure hereafter, if any Goths or Vandals were ever to think of it. However I will do or say what I can to prevent such a possible occurrence." His Honour's lamentable death put an end to the undertaking. 8. My thus prominently bringing the matter before you is simply to suggest whether it will not be advisable to ask the Government to put us in a position that we may be able to assure the Hindus that the books sought for are to be placed in the College Library for the benefit of the public, and to remove the apprehension that they are to be sent to the Secretariat only to be forwarded to Europe. When once the books are in the Library, there would be no difficulty in supplying copies of them for the use of scholars in Europe. By giving out that we want books to pre- serve them here for the benefit of the Indians, we can engage the general sympathy of the people on our side ; whereas, when it is known that they are sought after only to be removed from this country, we cannot reason- ably expect them to sympathize with us, if they do not oppose ; though the money and individual energy will work as far as it can. No. 2057, dated Simla, the 5tli May iS6g. Copy forwarded to the Financial Department with a recommendation that the formation of a fund, as proposed by the Lieutenant-Governor be sanctioned both in the North-Western Provinces and other Provinces. Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India, in the Financial Depart- ment, — No. 6Sg, dated Simla, the jist May iS6g. Read — An endorsement by the Home Department, No. 2057, dated 5th May 1869, on a letter from the Government of the North-Western Provinces, proposing that the sum of Hi,6oo, allotted to those Provinces for the purpose of carrying out the scheme for the collection of valuable Sanskrit manuscripts, may be allowed to be drawn annually, to form a fund, the unexpended balance of which will accumulate for any larger operations that may be required in one year than another. Resolution. — The Governor-General in Council, being averse to the formation of petty funds of the above description, thinks it sufficient to 42 Collection and Preservation of the give the saving of the annual allowance for five years, at the end of which period, any accumulated balance may be resumed at the discretion of the Government of India. Order. — Ordered, that the foregoing Resolution be sent to the Home Department and the Accountant-General, North-Western Provinces. No. 2913, dated Simla, the 25th June i86g. Copy forwarded to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, with reference to communication thence, No. i6oo, dated the 6th April last. Nos. 2914-21. Copy of the correspondence* forwarded to the Governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal (General Department), and * From Government, N.-W. P-, ., _ . , ^, r^-i • t r- ■ ■ c No. 1600, dated 6th April 1S69. the Punjab; the Chief Commissioners ot To Financial Department, No. q^j^ Central Provinccs, and Mysore and 2057, dated 5th May 1869. ' ' •' From Financial Department, No. Coorg ; and the Foreign Department, with 689, dated 31st May 1869. , ,, . r^cc r> 1 .- at o reference to this Orhce Resolution Nos. 4330- 48, dated 3rd November last. From C. A. Elliott, Esq., Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Pro- vinces, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Depart- ment,— No. 2816A., dated Allahabad, the ist December 1874. With reference to Home Department Resolution No. 4341, dated 3rd November 1868, sanctioning a grant of Ri,6oo per annum to the North- Western Provinces for the cataloguing and purchase of Sanskrit manu- scripts, and Financial Resolution No. 689, dated 31st May 1869, authorising the utilization of the saving of the annual allowance for five years, I am directed to say that the period of five years expired on 31st March 1874, and to report what progress has been made. 2. Two hundred copies of Part I of the Catalogue of Manuscripts examined have been printed and distributed as directed by the Govern- ment of India, and the total expenditure up to the end of September 1874 amounts to R 1, 053-5- 10, while liabilities have been incurred to the extent of Ri, 769-4-0, making a total of R2, 822-9-10. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 43 3. Mr. Griffith, to whom the supervision of the work has been en- trusted, writes as follows : — " Sanskrit scholars in Europe, for whose benefit the work has been begun under the orders of the Government of India, are anxiously expecting the completion of what they call the 'Literary Survey of India' ; and I suppose the examination and cataloguing of manu- scripts must be continued in the North-Western Provinces, as the work is still going on under other Governments and Administrations. I propose, however, to reduce the size and cost of future parts of the Catalogue by the omission of all details in the case of such manuscripts as are manifestly of no interest or importance." 4. Mr. Griffith's name is in itself sufficient guarantee that the work has been, and will be, done in a satisfactory manner. I am accordingly to re- commend that sanction may be given to cover the expenditure and liabilities incurred in the past ; and that a further sum of R2,ooo be placed 'to Mr. Griffith's credit for the continuance of the work. When that is ex- pended, further report can be made to the Government of India. No. 2817A. Copy forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction, North-Western Provinces, for information, with reference to his letter No. 857G., dated nth November. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home De- partment, to the Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, — • No. 194, dated Fort William, the ist February 1875. I AM directed to acknowledge your letter No. 2816A., dated the ist December last, reporting on the progress made in the preparation of Catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts, and I am to say that the Governor- General in Council sanctions the expenditure, and also the liabilities, amount- ing in all to R2, 822-9- 10, incurred for the publication of Part I of the Catalogue. The particulars of the expenditure should be communicated to this Department, and fifty copies of the Catalogue, together with a list of the distribution made, should also be forwarded. 2. A further grant of R2,ooo, for the continuance of the work of examination and of cataloguing the manuscripts, is also authorized. I am to 44 Collection and Preservation of the ask for a report as to the place where any manuscripts, purchased or copied, are deposited, sending a list of them. No. 195. Copy of the correspondence forwarded to the Financial Department for information. From the Officiating Secretary to the Government of the North-Western Provinces, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 823A., dated Naini Tal, the 7th May 1875. I AM directed to reply to your letter No. 194, dated ist February 1875, regarding Catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts. 2. The particulars of the expenditure are contained in the Statements A and B hereto appended. 3. Fifty copies of the Catalogue were forwarded to the Home Depart- ment by Mr. Griffith on the 8th March 1875, 4. The distribution of the Catalogues has been made in accordance with the orders of the Government of India, as contained in Home Department's Nos. 662C., dated 24th October 1873, and 18-632, dated 24th February 1874. 5. The manuscripts are deposited in the Library of the Benares Sanskrit College. A list of them, marked C, is forwarded for the information of His Excellency the Governor-General in Council.' Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 45 Statement showing the actual expenditure on account of Sanskrit Manu- scripts, from January i8yo to September 1874 fas tested by Account- ant-General). Salary of Pandit Ramannth Sukul, Agent for collecting Sanskrit Manuscripts ........... Travelling allowance .......... Purchase of manuscripts ......... Total ii a. p. 765 o 120 10 o 167 II 10 1.053 5 I" Benares College The 12th Septenibey 1S74. J R. GRIFFITH, Principal, Benares College. B Statement of charges incurred out of the balance of the grant for collec- tion of Sanskrit Manuscripts, '9ii,o'/6-i-o fas supplied by Account- ant-General) . Month. lS()9-70. 1S70-71. 1371-7:!. 187: •73- 1S73-74. I874-7S- Total. ft a. p. R a. p. H a. p. H. a. p. R a. P- R a. p. H a. p. April . 15 47 14 43 3 4 May 130 15 i.S 15 June ••fl 15 89 July ■ 14 9 15 30 .^38 6 60 August . 14 9 IS i.'i 258 September 15 IS i.S IS October ... IS IS i.s 15 ... November IS IS 31 So IS December IS IS I.s 15 ... January IS 15 IS February 15 IS 15 March . 117 120 IS IS 15 •1. Total . 117 12 264 2 180 229 6 286 3 10 60 1,137 7 10 46 Collection and Preservation of the < Separates the words of the Richas of the Rigveda. Such a copy is not procurable anywhere else, and it is not in the Library of the College ; old and apparently , correct. A commentary on Sarngdhara, with text. Con- tains medicine, &c. Recent, and little known. A commentary on the Bhashyaof the aphorisms of the IVIimansa philosophy. The complete copy is not procurable in Benares. The ma- nuscript is old, and apparently correct. A commentary on Bhedadhikara,with text. Con- tains objections to dilTerence in general. The manuscript is recent, and apparently correct. Gives rules for the performance of sacrifice. The manuscript examined is very old, and differs from the modern Devanagari. On lending and borrowing money, &c. The manuscript is recent, and apparently correct. A treatiseon law, containing Dayabhaga.&c. The manuscript is recent, and apparently correct. A large commentary on Manusmriti. The ma- nuscript is recent, and apparently correct. A commentary on the aphorisms of Panini. Such a copy is not procurable in Benares. It is not in the College Library. The manu- script is old and very correct. A large commentary, with the text of the Bhaga- vata. It is also called Bh.ivarthadipika. Such a copy is not easily procurable. It is not in the Library. The manuscript is old and correct. •-in O ooo N OOOOO o oo -* ooooo On pa- per; De- vanagari character. Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . Ditto . 1 0\ t-^co N o\0»O^O^C\ ri 1 2 f*. en IT) CO MCOr^iiOO f-1 ^ CO - 01 N 0_ m Veda .... Medicine ; the text by Sar- ngadharapanclit, and commentary by Admalla. Mimansa ; philosophy by Kiimarilasvamin. Vedanta philosophy ; the text by Nrisinhasrama, and commentary by Ra- masrama. Veda .... Law by Jagannathatar- kapanchanana. Law by Chandesvara Law by Medhatithi Grammar by Vamana- jayaditya Pur.ana; the text, with a commentary by Sridhara 1 z Rigvedapada . Sarngadhara, with Tika. Tantravarttika. Bhedadhikara, with Tika. Saukhyayanasutra Vivadabhangarnava Vivadaratnakara Manubhashya . Kasika Sri'madbh.igavatatat- paryadipika . z „ Nco •* in Ko t>. (o o- o 1 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 47 No. 912, dated Simla, the 29th May 1875. Extract from a letter from, the Government of the North-Western Provinces, — No. S23A., dated Naini Tal, the yth May 1875. Para. i. I am directed to reply to your letter No. 194, dated ist Febru- ary 1875, regarding catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts. 2. The particulars of the expenditure are contained in the Statements A and B hereto appended. Statement showing the actuat expenditure on account of Sanskrit Manu- scripts, from January 1872 to September 1874 fas tested by the Accountant-Genera IJ. Salary of Pandit Ramanath Sukul, Agent for collecting Sanskrit Manuscripts. Travelling allowance ......... Purchase of manuscripts Total fi a. P- 765 120 ID 167 II 10 i>o53 5 10 Benares College; The 12th September 1874. R. GRIFFITH, Principal, Benares College. B Statement of charges incurred out of the balance of the grant for collec- tion of Sanskrit Manuscripts, Rs. i,o'/6-i-o (as supplied by the Accoiintant-General) . Month. 1869-70. 1S70-71. 1S71-72. 1S72.73. 1873-74. 1 1S74-7S. TOTA . April . May . [une liUy . August . September October November December January February March . R >I7 a. p. R a. p. 130 U 9 14 9 15 15 IS IS IS IS H .. p. IS IS 15 15 IS IS 15 15 IS IS 15 IS U a. p 47 H IS 30 IS IS IS 31 8 IS 15 IS IS R a. p. 43 3 4 IS 89 S3 8 6 25 8 IS IS IS c R a. p. 60-0 R a. p. 1 OTA 117 13 2S4 2 180 329 6 286 3 10 60 1,137 7 10 Forwarded to the Financial Department for information, in continua- tion of endorsement No. 195, dated the ist February last. 48 Collcclion and Preservation of the From F. S. Chapman, Esq., Chief Secretary to tlic Government of Bombay, to K. C. Bayley, Esq., Secretary to tVie Government of India, Home Department, — No. 1976, dated the i8th August 1869. I AM directed by tlie Right Hon'ble the Governor in Council to forward herewith a copy of the Proceedings of this "^ZT,;! Decent" ^868.'^"' Government as per margin, consequent on Letter from tfie Director of Pub- the instructions of the Government of India, lie Instruction, No. 1242, dated . _ _ 13th July 1869, with enclosures, conveyed in Mr. Ofticiating Secretary Howell's Government Resolution No. 1975, • t- at j j 1. j dated i8th August .869. communications Nos. 4339 and 4350, dated the 3rd November last, in regard to the con- servancy and preservation of records of ancient Sanskrit literature in this Presidency. 2. Appendix D to Dr. Kielhorn's report is being printed. Copies of it will be forwarded hereafter. Extract from the Proceedings of the Coveriinient of Bombay in the General Depart- ment, — No. 2j^y, dated tlie lotli December 1868. Read the following : — Letter from the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, No. 4350, dated 3rd November 1868, forwarding copy of a Resolution recorded by the Govern- ment of India in regard to the discovery and preservation of records of ancient Sanskrit literature, and communicating their sentiments and instructions on the subject. Memorandum from the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, No. 4339, dated 3rd November 186S, forwarding an extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India in regard to a suggestion made by Pandit Radhakrishna for the compilation of a catalogue of all the Sanskrit manuscripts preserved in the Libraries of India and Europe. Resolution. — Copies should be forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction, with a request that he will state to Government how the objects may be best attained. 2. In the meanwhile, it would be well if Professor Kielhorn were directed to proceed on a tour through Dharwar, Belgaum, and Canara, and to be absent for not more than four weeks. By including the Christmas vacation in this time, there would probably be no inconvenience to the College ; and Professor Kielhorn should reserve for another season such portions of those districts as he may not be able to visit within the time. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 49 Professor Biihler should be requested to undertake the Northern Division ; it may be convenient that he should proceed on his tour somewhat later. The Director should request Professor Biihler to undertake the duty referred to in paragraph 2 of the Resolution of the Government of India No. 4350, and should call on him for suggestions as to carrying out the rest of the Resolution. 3. The Collectors should be requested to give every facility to the gentlemen who proceed on these tours. From J. B. Peile, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, to C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Educational Department, — No. 1242, dated Poona, the 13th July i86g. I have the honour to forward, in original, for transmission to the Govern- ment of India (as required in Resolution No. 4350 of November 3rd, i868, paragraph 3), the reports by Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn of their proceed- ings in searching for Sanskrit manuscripts in the past season. Their success has been marked and important, and their reports are, in many respects, curious and interesting. I propose to print them as appendices to my annual report. The Catalogue of Manuscripts required by the Government of India is under preparation. From G. BOhler, Esq., Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — Dated Surat, the 5th July i86g. I have the honour to submit my report regarding the search for Sanskrit manuscripts instituted in the Northern Division during the first five months of the year i86g. (i) Operations. I. After receiving charge of the office of Inspector, 1 addressed a circu- lar to the Deputies of Surat, Broach, Kaira, Ahmedabad, Kattiawar, Re- wakantha and Khandeish, requesting them to name the chief towns where Sanskrit manuscripts are to be found, and to furnish me with lists of persons possessing Sanskrit libraries. The Deputy Inspectors were also furnished with lists of desiderata and forms for cataloguing books. On my tour, I visited a number of towns where Sanskrit learning is cultivated, amongst which I may mention Ahmedabad, Dholka, Limdi, Rajkot, Gondal, D 50 Collection and Preservation of the Junagadh, Palitana, Bhaunagar, Nariad, Cambay, Broach, and Balsar. In all these places I had interviews with the Native scholars and possessors of libraries, and I explained to them the intentions of Government, and the purposes for which the present search for Sanskrit manuscripts is instituted. I mostly met with a very friendly reception on the part of the Brahmans and Sastris. They came willingly to talk with me, to shew me the lists of their books, and to bring those which I wanted to inspect. At Balsar I held a regular jfliJ/zri, or assembly of the learned, for the purpose of learned discus- sions. It was well attended. I examined first the pupils of the various Sas- tris, and next proposed a few questions to the teachers, which they discussed in their peculiar manner, one upholding the Pilrvapaksha, the first proposi- tion, and the other its opposite, Uttarapaksha. Finally I addressed them on the object pursued by Europeans in studying Sanskrit ; the intentions of Government in regard to the cultivation of that language ; the purpose for which Sanskrit books are collected, &c. All these topics appeared to have great interest for them, as they listened eagerly, and frequently asked questions demanding fuller explanations. The ceremony was concluded by the recitation of improvised poetry, and the orthodox distribution of pan, supari, and of dakshina. In Junagadh, also, the whole posse of Sastris was assembled at the examination of the Sanskrit School, and sub- mitted to a rigorous examination in Sanskrit grammar ; and I afterwards received a curious proof how deeply the Pandits had been impressed by seeing a foreigner able to converse in their sacred language and acquainted with their Sastras. On the last evening of my stay in Junagadh, a deputa- tion came to me with an address, which assured me of their friendliness, and requested me to answer some questions, amongst which the following were the most curious : — (i) Whether in Europe, especially in Germany, the learned lived according to the Brahmanical law. (2) Whether they performed sacrifices, as a European had done in Poona (Dr. Haug). (3) Whether I preferred sacrifices, or the study of the Vedanta, as the road to salvation. (4) How, supposing that I was descended, as I had told them, from the Aryan stock, I could consider mysef entitled {adhikrita) to study the Vedas and Sastras without having been initiated. Though I hereupon disclaimed all belief in the Vedas and Sastras, I succeeded in satisfying them that I had no sinister intentions against their creed ; and one of them volunteered to teach me the correct way of reading Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 51 the Satapathabrahmana from Professor Weber's edition. Besides Sastris, I saw also some Pandits of the Jainas, Yatis, who willingly talked about their creed and literature. One of them even invited me to his house and shewed me his books there. He gave me permission to take away what I wanted, and asked in exchange nothing but a railway-guide — a request which I readily granted. Finally, I appointed some paid agents for making catalogues of the libraries to which access had been gained, and for collecting books. (2) Results. 2. The results of these operations are — (a) Catalogues of a number of libraries containing a little more than 7,000 numbers, (b) The acquisition of a number of old books, and copies of old books. (aj The Catalogues. All these catalogues are made, or at least appeared to be made, accord- ing to the plan proposed by Mr. Whitley Stokes, and amended by Dr. Kielhorn and myself. Selections from them, which will comprise between one-half and two-thirds of the number mentioned, are now being prepared for publication. As these preparations, I hope, will be com- pleted shortly, I shall confine myself here to mentioning a few of the most important works contained in the lists. A great many Vedic manuscripts have come to light. Among them are not only copies of the more com- mon books, such as the Sanihitas and Brahmanas of the Rik, the Yajush and Saman, with their commentaries ; but also the rarer works, such as the Maitrayani Sakha of the Yajurveda, all the books belonging to the Atharvaveda, the Uvatabhashya on the Yajurveda, &c. To these may be added a few books, as the Aukhiya Sakha of the Yajurveda, and the Khadiragrihyasutra of the Samaveda, of which up to this time no copies had been obtainable. The lists are rich also in works on the various Sastras, and here likewise occur a number of rare books and novelties. Among the latter I mention a portion of the Nyasa, the commentary of Jinendrabuddhi on the Kasika, a Bhoja Vyakarana with a commentary, a portion of the Kaumaravyakarana, some Smritis, e. g., that attributed to Vyaghrapada, a fragment of the Sakalyasmriti, and, finally, a Karana of Brahmagupta, called Khandakhadyaka with the commentary of Prithudak- asvamin. The lists include also about 800 Jaina works, and I saw large catalogues of books belonging to this important sect. But, as the opera- tions in this respect are still in an incipient stage, I refrain from giving any 52 Collection and Preservation of the details. I hope, however, to be able to supply soon some fresh information on the Jaina literature. Besides the regular catalogues, I received a large number of lists not executed according to the prescribed plan. (b) Purchases. 1. — Brahmanical literature — 1. Sankhyayanabrahmatia, dated Saiiivat 1765. 2. Sankhyayana Aranyaka, dated Samvat 1 7 14. 3. „ „ Adhyayas I and II, dated Sainvat 1752. 4. „ Grihyasutra (last page, new copy). 5. Baudhayananakshatrasattra, with the commentary of Bhadradeva, dated Samvat 1717. 6. BaudhayanadharmasiJtra. 7. Kasika vritti, by Vamanacharya, dated Samvat 1535 (A.D. 1479). 8. Katantravyakaraiia, with the Daurgasinhi Vritti (to the end of the Taddhitaprakarana), dated Samvat 1504 (A.D. 1448). g. Sarasvatavyakarana with the Chandrakirttivritti, dated Samvat 1709. 10. Siromani (S.imanyalakshana), by Jagadisa. 11. Mathuranathi (Kevalanvaya, Pakshatarahasya, and Samanyalaksha- narahasya). 12. Sarasangraha, by Varadaraja, a commentary on the Tarkikaraksha. 13. Dravyakiranavali (a fragment). 14. Padarthamala (Dravyaparichchheda), by Jayaramapaiichanana (two first leaves wanting). 15. Vagbhattalankara. 16. Salihotra (on the treatment of horses), by Bhojaraja. 17. Panchatantra. 18. Bhartrihari's Three Centuries, with an anonymous commentary. 19. Charanavytiha, dated Samvat 1808. 20. Linganusasana of Vararuchi (new copy). 21. Paribhashendupradipa. Besides these works actually obtained, I am in negotiation for more than double the number of the Jaina books bought. I shall have the honour to furnish, later, a separate list, together with a separate report on them. 3. The operations of this year have convinced me that Gujarat is exceedingly rich in Sanskrit libraries and books, and that, with patience and care, a good many valuable works may be obtained. I am told that to catalogue the more important libraries in Ahmedabad alone would take a man a full year. 4. I finally beg to mention that Mr. Premabhai Himabhai, Rao Bahadur Bholanath Sarabhai, Rao Bahadur Gopalrao Hari at Ahmedabad, and Mr. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 53 Parvatisankar Manisankar, Head Master of the Broach Anglo-Vernacular School, very readily and kindly opened their libraries to me, and that my best thanks are due to them. I beg also particularly to mention Rao Saheb Gopalji Surbhai Desais, Deputy Educational Inspector of Kattiawar, from whom I received a large number of lists. From F. Kielhorn, Esq., Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay — dated Deccan College, Poona, the 2oth June i86g. I HAVE the honour of submitting to you the following report on the work done by me from the 22nd of December 1868 to the 31st of March 1869, in carrying out the Government Resolution No. 2357, dated the loth of December 1868. 2. I was directed, in section 2 of the Government Resolution referred to above, to proceed on a tour through Dhanvar, Belgaum and Kanara, and to be absent for not more than four weeks. Accordingly, I left Poona on the 27th of December 1868, and returned on the 24th of January 1869. As I had only a few days' time given to me to prepare for my tour, and to obtain preliminary information regarding the places at which Sanskrit manuscripts might be extant, I decided, after consultation with your pre- decessor, to confine my researches chiefly to those places which Dr. Biihler had visited on his tour in November and December 1866 and January 1867, and about which he was enabled to give me some general information. Dr. Biihler also placed various lists of manuscripts at my disposal, which he had procured on his tour, or which had been sent to him subsequently. During the four weeks I was absent from Poona, I visited Satara, Kurrar, Ashte, Sangli, Miruj, Kolapur, Kagul, Napani, Sankeshwar, Wattanmurri, Belgaum and Dharwar. At Miruj, at Kolapur, and at Belgaum, I stayed three days ; at each of the remaining places, one or two days. 3. On the whole, I may express myself satisfied with the results of my tour. I received a great number of lists of manuscripts, and examined as many manuscripts as my very limited stay in each place would allow me to do. Yet I cannot but admit that I left some places disappointed. Manj of the possessors of books are very averse to showing their libraries to strangers. Even with the assistance of the mamlatdars, karbaris, head- masters of schools, &c., it took me often a long time to induce the owners of libraries to communicate to me lists of the books in their possession. 54 Collection and Preservation of the I had great difficulty in convincing these gentlemen that Government, in ordering me to examine the various Sanskrit libraries, had no other object than the preservation of Sanskrit literature. And not seldom it happened that, when I hoped I had succeeded in convincing owners of books of the real intentions of Government, lists were brought to me which I had good reason to believe did not contain the titles of all the works which the owners really possessed. Much time was lost in this way, which more ad- vantageously might have been bestowed on the examination of manuscripts. From the experience which I have thus gained myself, as well as from the judgment which I have formed on tours made by other scholars, and from the opinions of gentlemen who are well acquainted with this country, it would appear to me advisable that, whenever any scholar intends to proceed on a tour in search of manuscripts, he should fix at least three months be- forehand on the part of the country which he wishes to visit, and that he should send a good Sastri to make enquiries and to obtain lists of the books extant in the various libraries. By this means the scholar would be enabled to devote most of his time to the examination of the manuscripts mentioned in the lists previously prepared by his Sastri. 4. Next to the examination of manuscripts, I considered it one of the main objects of my tour to interest Native gentlemen residing in the various places which I visited, in the plans of Government : and in this aim I venture to believe that 1 was successful. I explained to these gentle- men the way in which lists of manuscripts ought to be prepared to be of use, and left with them printed forms in which to catalogue all books which they might meet with. I also furnished them with printed lists of desirable manuscripts which I had previously prepared with the help of my col- league. Dr. Biihler. Several of*these gentlemen have taken great in- terest in the work of cataloguing manuscripts. Since my return to Poona, I have received some excellent lists from Mr. Mahadev W. Barve, the Deputy Collector of Dharwar, containing the titles and descriptions of the manuscripts that are extant at Nargund, at Dharwar, and at Konnoor ; also from Mr. Lakshman Y. Ashkhedkar, at Belgaum, and from Mr. Mahadev M. Kunte, the Head Master of the Kolapur High School. In some instances I appointed Sastris to prepare, with the permission of the owners, reliable lists of the works actually existing in certain libraries. Owners of libraries generally possess lists of the works in their possession, but these lists give only very scanty information ; they contain mostly only the titles of the works, and rarely, besides this, the number of slokas in each work. Moreover, in Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 55 many cases, a great number of the manuscripts mentioned in the Native lists have disappeared from the library, so that altogether but little reliance can be placed on these lists. Mr. Balakrishna M. Kalganokar, the Master of the Anglo-Vernacular School at Ashte, prepared a good list of the books contained in the great library of the Limaye family ; and other lists are still in preparation. 5. I have begpjn to compile a classified catalogue from the lists so received, and from those which I have prepared myself ; but, as much of the material for this catalogue has come only lately into my hands, and as by far the greater part of my time is taken up by other duties, I have not yet been able to catalogue more than about 600 manuscripts. The result of my labours in this direction I submit to you in Appendix D. 6. From the lists of works which I have received, and from the in- formation which I have gathered on my tour, I may, I think, state with confidence, that only few books that are not yet known to European scholars are to be found in the Southern Mahratta Country. There are no very old libraries in this part of the Presidency, and most of the Sanskrit learning has, so far as I am able to judge at present, been imported from the north of India within the last two centuries. 7. I cannot leave this subject without adding a few remarks on the state of Sanskrit learning in the parts which I have visited on my tour. Though I have endeavoured to become acquainted with all those Sastris who were mentioned to me with praise of their learning, I regret to state that I have found only few really good scholars. Most of the men with whom I conversed on various branches of their ancient literature had only a slight knowledge of the subjects which they professed to know. The race of the old profound scholars is evidently dying out fast. I will not here discuss the causes which have brought about this state of things, nor will I dwell on the advantages which this country is sure to derive eventually from the European method of studying Sanskrit ; but I venture to maintain that no unprejudiced scholar can anticipate without a feeling of deep regret, and without serious apprehension, the days when the class of the old Sastris will be extinct. The philosophical literature of India comprises many difficult works, written on a method which requires not only that they should be read, but that their concise sentences should be explained by a full oral instruction. Many of these works, although accompanied by numbers of written commentaries, are almost unintelligible without th6 help of the tradition embodied in, and kept up by, the Sastris. But this tradition being merely oral, is likely to die 56 Collection and Preservation of the with the generation. I have frequently discussed this subject with Native scholars, and have found that the remedy which they propose is the re- institution by Government of the old Sanskrit schools in which nothing but Sanskrit was studied. But the time of these schools has gone by ; and where they still exist, they do, as far as I have observed, no longer fulfil the functions for which they were established. A careful examination of the Grammar and Logic Schools at Sangli has convinced me that Sanskrit learning can derive only few benefits from the existence of those and similar establishments. In order to guard against its total loss, the tradi- tional explanation of the scientific literature of India ought to be fixed in writing ; otherwise, in the present neglect, it will pass away with this genera- tion of Sastris. To avert this, it occurs to me that part of the magnificent sum which Government has assigned to the preservation of Sanskrit literature might be expended on encouraging young Native scholars to collect and publish as much of this traditionary learning as they can gather from the best Sastris. 8. I have purchased during the quarter under report the following seventeen original manuscripts : — 1. Vajasaneyipratisakhyadipika, by Ramagnihotrin ; 8g leaves. 2. Harivania, with commentary, 473 leaves. 3. Kalikapurana, 239 leaves. 4. Naishadhiya commentary, by Mallinatha, 952 leaves ; 150 years old. 5. Mantramahodadhi, with commentary; 190 leaves. 6. Saundaryalahari, with commentary, by Srikaivalyasrama; 86 leaves. 7. Paribhasharthamaiijari, by Bhima ; 95 leaves. 8. Vaiyakaranasiddh.intamaiijush.T; 307 leaves. 9. Prasada, 306 leaves ; 284 years old. 10. A commentary on the Prakriyakaumudi, by Krishnapaiulita ; 314 leaves; 242 years old. 11. Kularnava; 138 leaves. 12. Setubandha; 236 leaves. 13. Nirnayadipaka; 436 leaves. 14. Yajfiavalkyasmriti ; 58 leaves. 15. Santiratna; 347 leaves. 16. Kalatattvavivechana ; 380 leaves. 17. Rugvinischaya, with commentary; 451 leaves. The commentary on the Naishadhiya by Mallinatha, the Vajasaneyipra- tisakhyadipika, and the Paribhasharthamaiijari, were, to the best of my knowledge, up to the present unknown to European scholars ; some others of these manuscripts are rare. All are very well and correctly written, and Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 57 part of them are, for Sanskrit manuscripts, of considerable antiquity. Most of them, doubtless, are to be found in the libraries of Europe ; but I feel convinced that European scholars will be glad to receive additional and correct copies. I cannot conceal from you the misgivings which I have at times felt regarding the purchase of manuscripts. Though I possess printed catalogues of several of the most important libraries of Europe, and although I am, from personal knowledge, tolerably familiar with the manuscripts existing in other libraries, yet I am sometimes in doubt whether manuscripts of a particular work do exist in Europe, or whether the condition of the manuscripts in European collections makes the purchase of new manuscripts of the same work advisable. In all such cases, I have, up the present, considered it best to buy the manuscripts that I could lay hold of, provided they were correct, and could be purchased for a moderate sum. The amount of money which I have expended on the above-named manuscripts will appear from Appendix A. 9. The following nine manuscripts have been copied for Government ; — 1. A commentary on the Parasaragrihyasutra, by Agnihotn'n Harihara. 2. A commentary on the Asvalayanagrihyasutra, by Devasvamin. 3. Dyanitimaiijari. 4. A'svaLiyanakarika. 5. Sakalakarika. 6. Mrichchhakalikavritti. 7. Brihachchhabdendusekhara. 8. Siradeva's Paribhashavritti. g. Gautami Mitakshara Haradattakrita. The prices paid for these copies are given in Appendix B. 10. Copies of the following works are in preparation : — 1. Mandalabrahmana. 2. Mandalabrahmanavyakhya. 3. Tandyabrahmanabhashya. 4. Bhashikasvara. 5. Bhashikasutrabhashya. 6. Saptasvaralakshana. 7. Phitsutra. 8. Gadadharakritagrihyasutrabhashya. g. Hariharabhashya. ro. Ujjvaladatta's Unadivritti. 11. Halayudha's Amritasanjivani. 12. Hemadrichintamani. 13. Rapratyaharakhancjana, by V'aidyanalhapayagurifla. 58 Collection and Preservation of the 11. The statement contained in Appendix C shews that I have expended altogether R452-14-1, and that there remain, therefore, R647-1-11 of the sum of Rijioo entrusted to me by Government. 12. In conclusion, I feel it an agreeable duty to express my sincere thanks to the following gentlemen who have assisted me by their influence and advice, and who have taken a warm interest in the work entrusted to me by Government : — the Collectors of Satara and Dharwar ; the Political Resident at Kolapur ; the Educational Inspector of the Southern Division ; Mr. M. W. Barve, Deputy Collector at Dharwar; Mr. Vi'rabhadra M. Pandit, Munsiff at Chikodi ; Mr. M. M. Kunte, Head Master of the High School at Kolapur ; Mr. L. Y. Ashkhedkar at Belgaum ; the Mamlatdars of Kurrar and Malwa ; the Karbari at Kagul ; Mr. G. B. Nene, Head Master of the English School at Satara ; Mr. B. B. Limaye, Head Master of the English School at Miruj ; and Mr. N. M. Ronghe, Head Master of the Anglo-Vernacular School at Kurrar. APPENDIX A. Purchase of Original Manuscripts. fi a. p. 1. Vajasaneyipratiiakhyadipika . . . . . 15 o o 2. Harivansa 25 o o 3. Kalikapurana 40 o o 4. Naishadhiya Commentary 68 o o 5. Mantramahodadhi 1000 6. Saundaryalahari . 500 7. Paribhasharthamaiijari 600 8. Vaiyakaranasiddhantamanjusha 12 o o 9. Prasada 1200 10. Commentary on the Prakriyakaumudi . . . . 10 o o 11. Kularnava 500 12. Setubandha 600 13. Nirnayadipaka iioo 14. Yajnavalkyasmriti 400 15. Santiratna 1100 16. Kalatattvavivechana 10 o o 17. RugvinLschaya 10 o o Total . 260 o o Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 59 APPENDIX B. Copying of Manuscripts. R a. 1. Commentary on Parasaragrihyasutra . . . . 17 o 2. Commentary on Asvalayanagrihyasutra . . • '3 5 3. Dyanitimaiijari ........ 22 o 4. Asvalayanakarika . . . . . . . . 3 13 5. Sakalakarika ........60 6. Mrichchhakatikavritti ....... 4 3 7. Brihachchhabdendusekhara . . . . . . 13 g 8. Si'radeva's Paribhashavritti . . . . . . 12 15 q. Gautami Mltakshara Haradattakrita . . . . 16 o Total . 108 14 APPENDIX C. Statements of Accounts. R a. p'. Purchase of original manuscripts 260 o o Copying of manuscripts ....... 108 14 i Printing of forms for cataloguing manuscripts . . 1600 Service stamps 10 o o Paid to Mr. B. M. Kalganokar, at Ashte, for preparing a catalogue of the Limmaye Library . . . . 25 o o Paid to a Sastri at IVIiruj for cataloguing manuscripts . 10 o o Paid to several other Sastris 23 o o Balance 647 i 1 1 Total . 1,100 F. KIELHORN. Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the General Depart- ment, — No. igys, dated tlie iSth August iS6g. Read the following : — Letter from the Director of Public Instruction, No. 1242, dated 13th July i86g, sub- mitting, with reference to Government Resolution No. 2357, dated the loth December last, reports by Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn of their proceedings in searching for Sanskrit manuscripts in the past season, and stating that he pro- poses to print them as appendices to his annual report, and that the catalogue of manuscripts required by the Government of India is under preparation. Resolution. — The thanks of Government to be conveyed to Pro- fessors Biihler and Kielhorn for the care and industry they have displayed 6o Collection and Preservation of the in carrying out the duty entrusted to them ; and copies of their interesting reports to be forwarded for the information of the Government of India. 2. Government have read with much satisfaction their testimony to the assistance rendered to them by the several gentlemen named in their reports. 3. Copies to be furnished to the Secretary of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. P'rom A. P. Howell, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, — No. 41 11, dated Simla, the 8th September 1869. I am directed to forward, for the information of the Asiatic Society, copies of reports* by Drs. Biihler and 20th >nJ^'''^°'"' '''''°"' '^'""' Kielhorn of their proceedings in searching Dr. Biihler's report, dated 5th for Sanskrit manuscripts in the Bombay Pre- sidency. 2. A copy of Appendix D to Dr. Kielhorn's report will hereafter be forwarded. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Honorary Secretary to the Trustees of the Indian Museum, — No. 41 1 2, dated Simla, the 8th September i86g. I am directed to forward, for the information of the Trustees of the Indian Museum, copies of reportsf by Drs. 2oth°une^''"'°'"' ''■""''' ^^""^ R»hler and Kielhorn of their proceedings Dr. Buhler's report, dated 5th jn searching for Sanskrit manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency. 2. A copy of Appendix D to Dr. Kielhorn's report will hereafter be forwarded. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to Whitley Stokes, Esq., — No. 41 13, dated Simla, the 8th Sep- tember 1869. I am directed to forward, for your information, copies of reportsj by X Dr. Kielhorn's report, dated Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn of their proceed- 2oth June , , , ings in searching for Sanskrit manuscripts in Dr. Buhler's report, dated sth ° '^ ^^ July. the Bombay Presidency. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 6i 2. A copy of Appendix D to Dr. Kielhorn's report will hereafter be forwarded. Reported to the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for India, in letter No. 79 of 1869, dated the 20th September. Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the General Depart- ment, — No. i8g8, dated the nth August iSyo. Read — Letter from the Director of Public Instruction, No. 1413, dated 30th July 1870, forwarding, for transmission to the Government of India, a report prepared by Dr. Kielhorn, in the absence of Dr. Biihler on sick leave, of his proceedings in acquiring Sanskrit manuscripts during 1869-70. Resolution. — The report and list of manuscripts to be forwarded to the Government of India with a request that they will communicate at an early date their instructions in regard to the amendment in the compiling and printing of catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts suggested in paragraphs 7 and 8 of Dr. Kielhorn's report No. 122 of the 22nd March 1870, which was forwarded to the Government of India with this Government's endorse- ment No. 792, dated the 2nd April last. No. 1899. Forwarded to the Government of India, with the report and list. From F. Kielhorn, Esq., Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, Bombay, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Deccan College, Poona, the ist July 1870. I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the pro- gress during the last year of the search for Sanskrit manuscripts insti- tuted by Dr. Biihler and myself, in accordance with Government Resolu- tion No. 2357, dated the loth of December 1868. 2. The Bombay Presidency was, up to the beginning of December 1869, divided between Dr. Biihler and myself, as in the preceding year. Since the departure of Dr. Biihler for Europe in December last, however, the work, which was commenced by him in the Northern Division, was 62 Collection and Preservation of the carried on by myself, in addition to my own work in the Southern Division. 3. 1 regret that my duties in the College, which, owing to Professor Oxenham's absence during the greater portion of the year under report, were heavier than usual, and the preparation of some literary works, one of which you had desired me to undertake, have prevented me from absenting myself from Poona during the cold season for any length of time, and that I have thus been unable to make anything deserving the name of a tour in search for manuscripts. The very short time — about ten days — which I could spare for travelling, I spent, with your permission, in visiting Ratnagiri, where I combined my endeavours for the preservation of Sanskrit manuscripts with an examination of the Sanskrit classes of the Ratnagiri High School, as may have been reported to you by the Educational Inspector of the Central Division. Dr. Biihler, on the other hand, visited again, I understand, the greater portion of the Northern Division in the course of his work as Educa- tional Inspector, and took, with his usual care and circumspection, efficient steps to carry out the orders of Government. 4. In the year under report, I have carried through the press the first fascicle of my " Classified Alphabetical Catalogue of Sanskrit Manu- scripts in the Southern Division of the Bombay Presidency." As copies of this work have been forwarded to you, it is needless in this place to speak of its contents and arrangement ; but I may, perhaps, be permitted to remark that this specimen number of my catalogue appears to have been received with favour by European Sanskrit scholars. 5. At present I am engaged in preparing for the press the second part of the above catalogue, from the materials which I have collected in the course of last year. Amongst the latter I may mention a cata- logue of the manuscripts in the library of His Highness the Maharaja of Kolapur, prepared by order of Colonel Anderson, the Political Agent of Kolapur and the Southern Mahratta States ; another catalogue of a large number of manuscripts in Poona, and a catalogue of a large Hbrary of Sanskrit manuscripts in Satara, prepared for me under the supervision of Mr. G. B. Nene, the Head Master of the Anglo-Vernacular School in Satara. From Rao Saheb Bhikaji Ramchandra, the Deputy Educa- tional Inspector at Ahmednagar, I have received a long list of manu- scripts procurable in his district ; and the Deputy Educational Inspector of Ratnagiri has communicated to me lists of manuscripts, as well as Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 63 other valuable information regarding the state of Sanskrit learning in his sub-division. It would lead me too far to mention all the other smaller lists which have been forwarded to me in the course of the year. 6. I have ventured to submit to you, in paragraphs 7 and 8 of my report on a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Sarasvatibhandaram Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore (letter No. 122 of 1869-70, dated March 22nd, 1870), my opinion on the practice of com- piling and printing catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts. As further ex- perience has tended to convince me of the correctness of my views, especially those expressed in paragraph 8 of the letter referred to, I shall be glad if you will permit me to carry them into practice in the second part of my catalogue. 7. Dr. Biihler, on his departure for Europe, handed over to me a manuscript copy of an exceedingly bulky classified catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts in the Northern Division of this Presidency, which had been prepared under his superintendence by different Sastn's. I regret that Dr. Biihler's illness and subsequent departure from India have prevented him from subjecting this catalogue to that final revision which it must undergo before it can be printed, — a task which I would gladly have undertaken myself had my other engagements permitted me to do so. 8. From the enormous number of works that are mentioned in the catalogue referred to in the preceding paragraph, and from the long lists of manuscripts which were sent to me by my agent in the Northern Divi- sion since Dr. Biihler's departure, it appears that Gujarat is far richer in Sanskrit libraries than the southern part of this Presidency. Besides, Gujarat manuscripts are generally older and more correct than those procurable in the Dekhan and Konkan, south of Bombay. Any Sanskrit scholar, therefore, who might have the good fortune to be allowed to travel in Gujarat and the adjoining districts for any length of time, would, in my opinion, have a good opportunity of collecting a great number of rare and important works. 64 Collection and Preservation of the s cJ o aj CJ cj a> oJ cj aJ f\ O o Q, OJ O. ii q.:;Ed.: :Ea.: ^ * E a. :: ' E o. :: 2*1 - E a. : E 'c. 5 a. 1 E 8 = S s o c b o U 8 E o g o E o U £ . O f^ r^ fO oo O OS :oo : : : •s M ts lO Tl-oo On N N Q 30 ro O »0 ^ o to o O lO o lo o lo o oo t^ z lO "- ^ ^ t^ "^ « : CO CO CO g O UDUot^- r~,roiO lovo lO^O >o ON P) - TflO lo ~ P) C^ O ►- On O O t^ ssl" ^ >-• H l-< >-l •-• l-l M »-• ^ H^ •^ Coo. J "-I « N « ro Ttvo N CT* u-> "l- rf ts „ „ in CO o^n TfroMioN ^o rf lo -. moo o « s CO •-" J >« JS- S .1. rt 2 rt ^ '2 nJ ^ ^ 2 • ^ ™ rt ^ nJ F ^ « ■ ^ — n) •■re -E E rt •^. ■ i? ^ ^ rt X-re nl -O i- * * "^-^ >> re V) > I- c al '11 >^:^ a ^£ S, -re-- -m rt nl • • re^ -=■5 !S ^2 n > • 2 .c p < : J3 : : E : ■ nl • > 2 nl CU . ^ : . . -re : "! ^ S ■ 3 =-E nJ : •a rt a; 're .,fl C-^i g C >>T. >I>a.O*i; Jo > OOQ- O OU UJ D -re CA) . .> . o -c- 2, .^■■S.3 x; 2 • • bo • • .^ j: re -i! ■3 2 "5 re ° 2 1 .g=^2 5 .-= ^SJSe . lllillllllli jn >re ^ >^'S ;^ ™ \™ rt 5 lA -re 1 .1 • h .t: .S, 2 it a ^ 'c'jc n! rt ■S''5 c a! -0 j= c- >> n! 5 ™ 2 E 3 3 o. =• ho aj <5 -TO -re b *n -re >- ^ "^ *j ™ rt XI -^ ,^ :^ .u g -re j= 3 > il nl 3 t. -^E .t < g..s ^222'g u *-• ■" *j re re -3 -3 -3 .ti rt re re re re ^E E E t» jj re re re re i: 3 3 3-^ -0 1 2 O. OJ >. r2 rt ■re c — "u re 2 e-re re-iS O H^ M CO ■^ »Oy3 r^oD Ov O -H P) CO Tf too t'N.oO z-° N (N N N <» ON 1 CO „ 00 Tl- U-) MOT VO VO 10 „ VO ioco-1-coror^t^ — - N NO C , . - • C r- C/5 J£ % ^ 'M. .5 2^ • '^ -S .— CO 2 ^ . ,^ . rt CO ; 5 tMnJ S CO ? -a bo to -re . * to CO : CO E E • • ,S j: c- to : So " > ■5 •—I S "a CO •re' z > .£<; to c > to to •--toj: j= .E CO >-, >— 1 >— i -re a X . to « ^3 S ._ •B to CO 1- i :| CO : u cfl •a c : n! CO £ . CO : CO CO ■ p • 3 : S'> rt -co r" : - to : to : 5 bM •a •a CO CO ■— > 3 2 CO > u 3 c ? J-S CO •13 C to c t/} t Z > -c '5-2 > < cu > • ,^ • • • CO • • to & _^_C0 . . to nl ■•3 2 ^3 CO ■ (0 c- to CO >N M -^ -re j:- -co M to -C -co Q->. -re j:: It 1- 13 CO to ■2 e -re -co 0.0, t *3 £ C.Q. c '> '> c TJ -O « *3 -3 .t^ 02 J3 -C ESS to £ -a '3 c CO a -a- c- CO Q II -3 to '3 Q 3. C -a S? &° -3 Q 'EJD CO CO 3 Q -co -3' Q. E CO J= CO Z > n z I'tol Is i u^^ to -re >^ to ;g to to to S' >, -7=^ > .^-c c -c -c S S ~S JJJJcOcOtOcOcO-re-co ZZcLa.Q.a.cmxa, CO to b£ r3 ■a c CO > 3 3 E E 3 3 to rj --re -co OJ CO ON -■ con n c-5 to coco CO CO CO (3v CO H- M CO ^ lONO C^CO ON - <-l CO Tf Lo 10 Lo Lo U-; 66 Collection and Preservation of the o 1 6 6 J V J o a. «) D. «J 0. o S D. . ^ . .E . a. ... .6U , = 0. . 1 1 h o U c E o U -g E h5 OP- "^ g lO g . . lO -t o E-.i t^ • ; ■o : : : o -| M >-i l-t •-' "^ "" *" ISg. ro » N \n rn n '■O N t^ c\ ■* CO t^ «C» \o o c^ n OO O -' IN tX) ro O - oc CO •-• J3 ^ -re i.s r! ni -ro tfl 1^1 S.1 c- . re "re-^ re -S • ■ J= -re 2. nl-^ — ■ c- rt.-5- , iqr^- "^"l"^ O u 3 a. .E o -E o -re >-. Z> zA ::i ZP^ a •3 c« cj >> nl 1 'i c E e u . a. ; n! 1 1 -s :5 2 : ni ^ 1 - re r- u ■ 2 =o'E a. ■ a . m ! re 1- -o c re H = E rt J3 1i- >.J= X ra '^ «J 'C. :i^ 2 to > 2 f' rt E ^ ffl > > s. S x> t^> Q oi g. • 4 rt ' j= • 1- E x: n! E re T3 bo ^_j ra ^ ^ -3 >> • > n) ^ nJ • rt re j: rt ■ rt "O' n! • -pq •si. • c c =• n) E re S nj 3 C IE 3 ■« 2 :^ bio T3- • re B ■a c -o o XI 1 ■c Cuts 2'^-^ in 3 3 o! bo be « > « ™ 1.1 1 J > 3 > _ rt "'I n! 2 OQ T3 O 3 fl ^ be 03 . n! £ rt S ^s.-:e| i^ T3 2 t- « ra -re .E "c ■ '■c'ii ni -re re re IS . re ,_ -=: Si- -re n) £ S. re re «0i 2 • -3 a c "c CU re re -re";;? Ola; "5 'c-c c ^rt . ■>d 3 •£.-=• T3 -re c '5i ~™ ■re — re re ^ ^s" ^ M o o „ D io*o c-^oo 1- u- lo m»o VO VO \0 VC ^ \0 ^ O r-^ r^ r-^ r^ ^ c-^ r^ r^ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 67 r^ Tj- in c^ 000 O O O CO ■ C C C G 10 VO C^Oj CmOCO to U^O CO C3-, C - "4 ;? " oc 10 ■- c « (r^ HH LO 1/1 CO - CO rovO "S":^^ n OS « N N 1000 5"^B -f CO CO d-. c s » ;: S" ?5 " OS COCO - J^^ o £ o ~ o c ii -5 ;5 ,2 n):3c« ra.OT3^<'>> 1.§ 1-1 Z Z Q 5 S 03 ca^ •re ^ ^ i t; ^ ;^ « g n a -re -re .tr >>>> OS o - r< C^QD CO X) >> rc.S'-S : ra > -ra • -ra j; J3 :, 5 CI. S io\o c^oo j: .•-' 'S > -1/5 -c/5 -t/3 sc/5 ^l/i ^(/5 ^C/O ^(/3 sc/l ^1/5 ca rt j= CO ^ f5-S^ nl re-c -Ti > >s 3 00000000 GO a^O^O^C^. OOOC^C^OnO ro -^ »00 68 Collection and Preservation of the Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. £■•&, ■2s 00 io M : : -f : : "1 .: : • : r^c^^. ;-4-::co • ;:; 11 OO tj.O ooooo o ooo o CO vo N lo ir;co in o o c lo t-1 lOO vro to-tcio»o o ro r^^C £-5 a w\0 CO.- OO'O.-O ^ Ot^c^ o u 1^- Tt-N Ot^C^W- CO "0-. -3 .. !f Q«, ^< ><:^:v> ^ Q> < '5 ? _ rt : : : 1 S :1 : E : ^| : S -c rt E re rt 'C a] -^ "C -^ c ^c/) ^c/: CO ^c/l ffl — > "re ' ' ' '.9- . . .2 ... .f . ... 1 - •™ ■* '5 ='5 'a. ;^-| iSi-re-5/=2 2^;n. 5, |^:|^ 2 5 >™ re.i 2 3 c § g .-™ -g P> c/)(/5 c/icA) c/) c/i en w c/) CO c/)HH i| CO ON O -" M CO -t lOO r^ C» Ov o Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 69 Besides, there are fifteen manuscripts which have not been forwarded to me by the Librarian of Elphinstone College together with the other manuscripts collected by Dr. Biihler ; these I am obliged to quote from the list of manuscripts that accompanied your letter No. 3992 of 1869-70. Title of -work. No. 121. Pradyumnacharitra 122. Han'tasmriti 123. Prasnavyakaranam vivritisahitam 124. Karmagranthavritti 125. Siddhantasundara . 126. Avasyavritti 127. Brihatkatha 128. Acharangavritti 129. Kavyanusasanaviveka . 130. Amarakoshasya satikasya kandam 131. Amarakoshah Sudhakhyatika sahitah. 132. Parsvanathacharitra 133. Sadvrittidharmasangraha 134. Chintamanyanumanabhakta . 135. Pratyakshaparichchheda AutJior. Number of Ratnachandrasuri 92 Han'ta no 1 Abhayadevasuri III Devachandrasuri 54 49 152 Somadeva 44 Acharasilanka . 291 Hemachandra . 150 m. Amarasinha 131 a- „ 412 152 341 Mahavira Ruchidatta IIS Vijayadeva 122 10. The following is a statement shewing the money received and expended by myself on account of cataloguing and buying manuscripts : — (A) Received. Balance of last year Received from Dr. Biihler Total R a. P- 647 I I I 914 8 ' i>56i ID (B) Expended. B, a. p. B, a. p. 1. To the Manager of the Indu Prakasli Press for printing my Catalogaie ........ 325 o o 2. (a) Tour of Ratnagiri (railway and steamer fare, E 109-15; travelling allowance for 7 days, R70) . . . 179 15 o (b) Railway fare of Mr. Joshi from Ahmedabad to Poona and back . . . . . . . . .1600 (c) Paid to a peon of Elphinstone College for bringing Dr. Buhler's MSS. to Poona 700 Carried over 202 l.s o 7© Collection and Preservation of the U a. p. H a. Brought forward . 202 15 3. (a) To Mr. Joshi for copying, preparing lists, &c., from October 5th, 1869, to April 5lh, 1870 . . . . 180 o o (h) To Mr. G. B. Nene in Satara, on account of the same . 50 o o (c) To Govind Sastri for the same . . . . . 25 o o (i1) To Mr. Sane for arranging lists . . . . .1500 Paid for MSS.— (a) In Poona and Ratnagiri 55 1 ' (b) „ Gujarat ......... 196 4 CO „ Kattiawar . . . ■ . . . . 15 10 00 „ Kolapur and Kagul . . . . . . . 19 10 CeJ „ Dharwar ......... g 15 Ca) Printing new forms 180 Cl'J Service stamps . . . . . . . .100 (cj To Mr. G. Paut for copying letters, &c. . . . 30 o CdJ For cloth for wrapping up MSS. .....50 270 297 63 Balance remaining ........ 403 8 5 ToT.VL . 1,561 10 5 II. As regards the expenditure in the Northern Division up to Decem- ber 1869, I beg to refer you to Dr. Biihler's own accounts, forwarded in Appendix A. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 7' < s X ^ K Q 2 % W ■^ a. 0-, < -^ ^ ■^ -re rj c .S : >>■" CO 3 o u. rt £ c g -S •■ £ ^ ,1 ^ c -i^-g ■K -^ o o o o o o o o o o o o \0 lO IT) = •?; if 5 -^'^ §15 ^ ^ g ^ o o c rt : bo--= - 3 g a g o o o o o o 72 Collection and Preservation of the •^ ■ ^ ^ • u- I- • o ■« ■ o 3 11 ") -re n) • E i •:£,;! O 3 — c |.S-5 E -re n! -re c . re i E rt -re.ti •■a ■E 1 i ■Tre E - 're .-ti > 3 O '•5 tM I/, -re c — Q Q^ 5 r re f ■t^ fi re Tj h ,/, c u c '^ "re i2 c o rt c u re c c- re y're i; 9- •'c' ° ^ !2 -re -ret/) o Si b-C'-rt E S c -re S; io o > 5 CU S O O « D DS o: o 03 Q ^ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 73 i o S S = U I- .ye =-s° ■c £q c :S 2 P OS m z -^1 "Is" j:££ e 74 Collection and Preservation of the sS -co lO 0^ CO i < ^Kc ^ ^ "^ Cu • rt . * • ■" >^ nJ 1 » E < T3 J 1 ^ bo 3 O m s Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 75 Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, in the General Department, — No. 2S16, dated the 2nd October iSyi. Transfer from the Educational Department of the Secretariat, No. 749, dated 20th September i87l,of a letter from the Director of PubHc Instruction, with which he for- wards nine copies of the reports by the Sanskrit Professors of their proceedings in ac- quiring Sanskrit manuscripts during 1870-71, — five for transmission to the Govern- ment of India, Home Department, and four for His Excellency the Governor and the Members of his Council ; and adds that the report forms part of the Appendix of his Report on Public Instruction for 1S70-71, now in the press. Resolution. — The report of Drs. Buhler and Kielhorn is most satis- factory, and should be submitted to the Government of India. Government desire to express their acknowledgments to these gentlemen for their pains- taking efforts in their search for these manuscripts. No. 2817. Forwarded to the Government of India, with a copy of the printed report. No. 4796, dated Simla, the i8th October 1871. Endorsed by the Government of India, Home Department. Forwarded to the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India for perusal and return. From G. Buhler, Esq., Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to ). B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Surat, the 13th July 1871. I have the honour to submit my report on the search for Sanskrit manuscripts during the period from ist July 1870 to loth July 1871. 2. As I was on leave up to 6th November 1870, Dr. Kielhorn was in charge of the operations in the whole Presidency during the first four months of that period. From 6th November, we again divided the work according to the order of Government. In January 1871, Dr. Kielhorn obtained sick leave, and the whole charge, at his request, was made over to me. 76 Collection and Preservation of the 3. The number of manuscripts bought by Dr. Kielhorn amounts to seven, among which there is the very rare and important Sriharshacharitra, a poetical account of the great king who, under the name Siladitya, is mentioned by Hioucn Thsang, the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim of the seventh century A.D. The work was first discovered by Mr. Fitz-Edward Hall, and he possesses the Only known copies of the book. Our copy, like his, breaks off in the middle of the eighth Uchchhvasa. 4. As regards my own operations, I am happy to state that I have been very fortunate, though the pressure of official work, which had accumulated before my arrival, and the interruption of my former connections with my agents, did not allow me to proceed during the travelling season as vigorously as I should have liked to do. Still, the total number of manuscripts bought amounts to fifty-seven, among which forty-four are Brahmanical and the rest Jaina books. Nearly all these manuscripts are very old — some as old as four hundred years, — and only two or three are modern transcripts made to order. The most important acquisition is that of a collection of books belonging to the Atharvaveda, enumerated under Nos. i to 16 of the accom- panying list. Professor Haug saw these books on his tour in Gujarat in 1864, and gave an enthusiastic account of them in his report. They were shewn to me in 1869; but it was only last January that I succeeded in obtaining them. Amongst them, three numbers are, as far as I know, new discoveries, viz., the Padapatha of the XlXth book of the Atharvasarnhita, a small Pratisakhya, and a Paddhati on the Kausikasutra. Two other works — the Sarvanukrama and the Saunakiya Chaturadhyayika — were hitherto known through a single copy each. The news of this purchase seems to have considerably interested my European and American col- leagues. Professor Weber published a short notice of these works in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Berlin ; and Professor Whitney, of Yale College, Newhaven (United States), wrote to me for copies of the new Pratisakhya, and of the Saunakiya Chaturadhyayika, which have been since furnished to him. The Secretary of the Bengal Branch of the Asiatic .Society has asked you for a loan of the Gopathabrahmana, to be use din the edition of this work which is in progress in the Bibliotheca 1)1(1 tea. 5. Among the other books, I mention as particularly interesting the Ganitaskandha of the Vasishthasiddhanta, the very old copies of the Maghakavya, and of the Smrityarthasara, the newly-discovered com- mentary on that work by Vallabha, the piece of Ekanatha' s commentary Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 77 on the Kiratarjuni'ya, and the fine old manuscript of the Mahabhashya, which, however, is unfortunately not complete. 6. Since I have been in Surat, I have received almost daily offers of manuscripts, and I feel confident that during this year I shall be able to make both large and important additions to our collection. 7. Since the end of the travelling season, I have begun to print a portion of the large catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts obtainable in Gujarat, which had been prepared under my superintendence in i86g. The first fascicle, of which 140 pages have been printed, and which con- tains a list of the Vedic manuscripts (about 1,500 in number), will appear at the end of the current, or in the beginning of the next, month. As the catalogue comprises about twelve to fifteen thousand manuscripts, I doubt whether it will be advisable to print the whole. I should prefer to give selections only from the manuscripts of the common Sanskrit works. 8. A good many of the minor and more remote towns in Gujarat, which are known to contain large Sanskrit libraries, have not yet been explored, and it will be my care during this year to procure catalogues of the chief collections there extant. 9. I beg to annex my accounts and the list of books bought. Dr. Kielhorn has sent his accounts and list direct. 78 Collection and Preservation of the 1 . a 1 o\ <3 CO w t^ > .1 M X ^ «j . s. til ij % o ^ oi E 5 N ciS -T c u 'c.'i -^ Xi &: > e c S : ; I : :; :; : 5 E - = : I s o — (^ 4 s o i--3 c o u X U U X X 'd g .re •$■ CQ 1/3 - u - n; o in o -t oc o C^ "+-~ N .; c> ■* - o o ^: t^ : t^o r^ : o O 1' • "^ c^ lo io " ; ^ .-. — M . - — H- -H lo « " "S o - .• o 00 OvO) 00 0\ C CO n CO o - _ _, CO G t3\ „ -t M CO Z.S ••' o. — •s ■; o\ ^ roo lO lO occ -i-co coo coco o ZT !^ o Th ~. CO „• a o\ C\ ceo CO r>. LO •+ -a- •+ - ^ LO - CO .2 a lO Z o. • ■ ?! c • • tn . , c c • c E 1 (J n] bi) C en X c o re o re °E rt n! " Et;; g s S c If re <2 ca ■ j: t; 'J ' - * t-. o 5 c __ o -a c -5 -a c re " rep >»E £ o -a > tt. £ o 5 1 g.y ills > > OU o U U , - re re nj : ^ : re -^ ^ re < re c re c- re C/0 t. ^ .re re c ~2 re re ^ i c X a; e- -a > >< l. c- ■ ■ ■ n! . .x| X > >^w •a S 3 re U ■ -1 re i:; • re re. re 2 HI T > "re X j=- i3 -S 5. .re- re Q. D-c . re "o c li < cJ re "1 14 -3< •E N S- . re .-T re „" -a jj re iM re re >> re re E u .oo ■s-l ? Ed re H c 1 i HI ■5 Q < o o 5 -° " -5 •a D. 1P-|. > 6 C? 1/1 *^ re "P '^ •.•-» oj " c-'re re re S-re •JsquiUM „ c CO -* LOVO i>.oo 0\ O „ M CO -t \n \0 r^ CO o\ O -1 ■^ ^ « - ^ " *"* '"' " " o Cl Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 79 2 2 ^ '^ CO « zt 01 N " Oi « CO Cs C -■ -f OS ^ ■0 CO rOO u^ r^ - OS CO C-1 CO O) CS SO u^ OS IN CO n CO CO >s.-^l '€« S " =" >>:^ S.^ S - >s^ U 00 ZO D-O c/)(i.tiu H <^; 00 U >> • I .> .-E- :i > >^ -S >> * bo nj o j= x-n! O O UH ^c/2g gji- ,b^^ 5 2=a ^ «--5 c-S-=crt^ *- -ri* •— iJ r^ r- " 'T'-'tr. c-i£ c :£ rtji — 0-5-2 ra^.— j: c E u^ rt 3^ 2>-« ..." c« ■« *^ c ^ -a c CO CO CO 8o Collection and Preservation of the ■s. «3 E ij a. "S. . ^ « - U ^ ^ rt ^ T3 rt -^ S 0, re % 3 ' - - -.3 3 >. 4J S->o p ov \a - u ^ ■ : \o : u-> : : : >c> : E- S ~ tfi z 00 r-, «D ■- N CT\ to a\ ro - IT) ro °«-g" 0) <« c4 E.g^S. ■s » ri r^ r^ Cn w CO -1- -t r^: ^ 0\ " IN ^0 10 1^ 10 • CO >5 g. >> . >, . .>>... J^ t rt 0. . a. . >, ■ . 0- . . . E "3 . "rt b E " ; c ■ "3 >£ ni c n! c ES rt rt C nj 5i S E •2 E -2 1 E E-2 E ' S 1 >l u SQ Q Q qO Q < QqQ ci ■ nl E-P nJ cfl i- L- '^^ n! n! >l u rt > 5? c b "a ji: be i: -0 -re f- .-0 : : "0^ : 2 '5- b ^- c . -c rt ■ : : < 1 _re n! • -re z d ■? A • • • lio ' !? ■ ■ '--^ ■ rt ,bO bo zs 1 ^ If ■ « i. 'i. . - • n! . -m' 1 c 0. '£ s •s z • 'c- -re CD >% »-. n .t: E t/3W 1 bo n! =5 g rt -re h '"^ ■ -s -C -re « b ^ i5 3 iSlft 11 :£ - S ?> S "1 :5 rt >> * re -re -re '< s i£ i^i4 *c ■ II E rt si -ra nl :3 • -hi. • ~3 ^ .■S bB" . S rt rt 2 v; -re TO re i- ■JsquinM £23 \r: \0 1^ 00 C\ - N <^ ^ u^O r^ ^ ^ '*-+■*■* Th 10 I/O IT) 10 LO iO 10 10 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. From F. Kielhorn, Esq, Superinteniient of Sanskrit Studies, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Poona, the ist February 1871. I have the honour to forward to you herewith an account of the money spent on the purchase of Sanskrit manuscripts, &c., since July last, and a remittance transfer receipt for the sum of R 177-7-5, being the balance of the sum of R403-8-5 of which I had charge on July ist, 1870 (see Report of the Director of Public Instruction for 1869-70, Appendix H, page 376). 2. The manuscripts which were purchased by me have been deposited in the Library of the Dekhan College, and Mr. Joshi, the Senior Dakshina Fellow, has charge of them. Their small number is accounted for by the fact that only very few manuscripts are to be met with in this part of the Bombay Presidency of which copies have not yet been taken either by Dr. Biihler or myself. For rare and important works we now must look to Gujarat ; and I am glad to hear from Dr. Biihler that, since his return from Europe, he has been able to procure many old and hitherto unknown works. All the manuscripts which my agent in Gujarat has been able to purchase since August have been handed over to, and been paid for, by Dr. Biihler. 3. The catalogues which have been prepared by me and my assistants are deposited in the Dekhan College, and I should be glad to work them up into one general catalogue on my return to India. 4. I would humbly suggest that the sum of R 177-7-5, as well as the undrawn portion which is yearly allowed by Government for the Southern Division of this Presidency, should be made over to Dr. Biihler, to be expended by him in the Northern Division. From MAjOR-GENERjiL A. Cunningham, Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India, to E. C. Baylev, Esq., C.S.I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 15, dated Simla, the 17th April 1S72. I have the honour to return copy of the report of Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn of their proceedings in acquiring Sanskrit manuscripts during 1870-71. Should these gentlemen be induced to extend their researches beyond the limits of the Bombay Presidency, I would recommend their visiting Jesalmir and Bikanir. In the former place, Colonel Tod mentions the F 82 Collection and Preservation of the existence of numerous manuscripts. In the latter countrj', in the great fortress of Bhatner, I have myself seen a room ten or twelve feet long, and about six feet broad, half filled with manuscripts, fastened up in the Native way in red cloth, and piled one on another to a height of about four feet. F"rom amongst the top ones I selected a palm-leaf manuscript bearing the dale of Samvat 1200. No. 2143, dated the 3rd May 1871. Ei.dorscd by the Government of India, Home Department. Copy forwarded to the Government of Bombay, with reference to its endorsement No. 2817, dated the 2nd October last. From C. Gonne, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Educational Dcpart- mentj to H. L. Dampier, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 1344, dated the 28th November 1872. I am directed to forward to you herewith, for submission to the Gov- ernment of India, five copies of a report by Dr. Biihler, Bombay Educa- tional Department, on the result of his search for Sanskrit manuscripts in Gujarat during the year 1871-72. From G. BiJHLER, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to J. B. Peile, Esq., M.A., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Surat, the 30th August 1872. I have the honour to submit my report on the results of the search for Sanskrit manuscripts in Gujarat during the year 1871-72. 2. The work done may be divided under three heads : the publica- tion of the lists of 1869, the collection of fresh lists of manuscripts, and the acquisition of manuscripts. 3. Durino- the last year, two fascicles of the catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts from Gujarat, comprising a little more than three thousand manuscripts of Vedic books, Puranas, and poetical works, have been published. The third fascicle, which contains works on grammar, glos- saries, works on rhetoric, metrics, and law, is ready for issue ; and the fourth number, which gives the remaining Sastras, is in the press. With the publication of the fourth fascicle, all the materials collected in 1869, as far as they refer to Brahmanical literature, will be exhausted ; but as, Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 83 since 1870, I have received a large number of new lists, a supplementary fascicle will have to be prepared, which should also contain an alphabetical index to the preceding parts. Besides, the lists of Jaina books remain unpublished. I have, however, made preparations for the publication of a fascicle containing Jaina works, and hope to bring it out early in 1873. I am happy to state that my catalogue, as well as Dr. Kielhorn's of 1870, has been favourably noticed by our European colleagues in the Oriental Record, the Academy, the Literarische Centralblatt, and the Revue Critique. Applications for copies of manuscripts from old Pandits of our Presidency, who now begin to appreciate the value of an inventory of their riches, from Calcutta, England, France, and Germany, shew likewise that Government has not spent its money in vain. 4. A number of fresh lists, comprising uncatalogued Brahmanical libraries in Lunwara, Olpar, Baroda, &c., have been prepared. Considerable pro- gress has been made in cataloguing the Jaina libraries at Randir, Surat, Lindi, and Cambay. Several large Bhandaras at Ahmedadad, Wadwan, and the largest collection of all at Patan, have, as yet, not been touched. Some- thing in this direction will, I hope, be done during 1872-73 ; but I am persuaded that the work cannot be finished before the end of 1874-75. 5. The number of manuscripts purchased during the year (up to June 30th, 1872) amounts to 421. Amongst these, 150 belong to the Brahmanical literature, the remainder to that of the Jainas ; in the former class, poetical and philosophical books are most numerously represented. Particularly valuable are the complete old manuscript of Pataiijali's Mahabhashya with Kaiyata's Commentary, the Chandrikasataka of Vanabhatta, the two manuscripts of the Apastambagrihyasutra, the Adityapurana, the frag- ment of the Sarasvatipur.4na, the Jaina Commentary on the Meghaduta, the Commentary on the Pushpasutra, &c. Our collection of Jaina books is now larger than any other public collection of which I have ever heard. We have copies of nearly all the sacred works, and commentaries, both old and new, on most of them, so that there would be no difficulty iu editing the more important ones. There are also fresh materials for the history of the Jaina religion, of the political history of Gujarat, and above all for the history of the Gujarati language. I have bought a large number of Ras, and other legendary works, simply in order to obtain specimens of the ancient Gujarati. The oldest pieces in that language are some verses preserved in Ratnasekhara's Prabandhakosha, written A.D. 1347; one of which is ascribed to a Charan belonging to Rajavi'radhavala's camp. 84 Collection and Preservation of the A.D. 1235. As I hope to give in my catalogue of Jaina manuscripts an account of the most interesting works bought, I omit here the enumeration of important acquisitions. 6. As regards the utilisation of the acquired manuscripts, I may state that our copies of the Gopathabrahmana (bought in 1870-71) have formed the basis of the edition of that work published in the Bibliotheca Indica. Babu Rajendralala Mitra states in his preface that the " Bombay copies are the best." A manuscript of the Malatimadhavatika, bought in 1869, is used by Professor Bhandarkar for his edition of that drama. I find our Dasaku- maracharitra very useful for my edition now in the press. Dr. Eggeling, of London, has asked for a loan of the Dhatuparayana (bought in 1872), and of the Ganaratnamahodadhi (bought in 1866) ; and Professor Weber, of Berlin, wishes to have our manuscript of Hala's "Seven Centuries." I have published articles on the Prabandhakosha and Chandikasataka. 7. My operations since July have had even more important results than those of last year. I have already acquired several manuscripts which are fully 600 years old, and have full confidence that I shall obtain others which exceed that age by 200 years. The more I become acquainted with Gujarat, the more offers of old and valuable books I get ; and I trust that Government w'ill see fit to allow the grant for Sanskrit manuscripts also for next year. Reconh of Ancient Sdnskrit Literature. 85 o g C^ O c^ CO C^c^0^lOc^l rocoO^O^ C^O lO f c^ ■^ Oco coco \n O 't'^ r^ co ro c 5j: rt m ^ o a.Q < it; J K- ci-:^: o 33 u til Tl bo OS- HI c nl . . a. bo -a a >! n! c- ^ •>. bog-boa 2, W15 -n.-a :§ c ESSE >:! ■^ r3 2.'u 2-5 5 B 3 :2 jl "u ^ 5 " Sc««S>'iSbo3-5 ^ is. rt -a g..£, S E.>- -I CiJ rt !-:■ ■c-g- •S Hi "§; r-c-a- 1 - ' 1 CO ■+ uoo t^co a\ - 1 CO -t- 1 c^<^ a> -- ■) CO S6 Collection aiuJ Preservation of the Q.U D-u a. £"5- : E a.E S E 8 E S R E >Su ^U^ o ^u C c < ; >o r-^ t^ r^ : [^ : -1- vc o o : : 00 lo : : lO UO — •- o lO rOO 0^ lO lO ^ =3 "2 «<■ c- ^rz 3 rt c- 3 c (/) ■-ill ■ SL h ■ o ihatm tmya, atmya Tiya, i If ■ E S := -^ re -ra c -c -S E E e E 2-^ -™ Oh hQcuS- O *-" N CO ^ tO^ t^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO E S:^ J t^ ^ £ 5r .-•u ■^ a. .5 E 3 1 -^ ^ E re -ra -i: Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 87 oj D-D a. u 0. : : I ; J ; ; J « :EUeU : . . - ; ; ; :;Ec. I - J :; ; ; * 5 5 :EU E Inco Com Inco Com g c 8 E £c3 U >. D. -)■ : t^ : : oso : : -r ■ \n ■ (^ ; M2 CO 1 2 » : : : ■ • r--co \rt t^MD f^ f^ ro D 00 r^ •+ Ov Tt- IT) 02 CD 000 Ov OCO N lO 0-0 M Ttr-X I-" rt- C^OC 0\ 0\ ro ^ •Cl - ■* ■* t^oo CO f^ 0\0 CN ^ C^ - \n 10 c^ C -t Tt- -• n« M CD 10 10 M n t^ CD « : in ^ : — •i:-^ S-^ .« E is. ni 3-g >H£ • c ■-a ■ •■ E : c : U. . x. C nl Su 2 ^-.!S ^ « 01 (U — E > < - E := I SQtii cuSa; < ° . E E -O -™ ^ >>i; -rt o ^ . rt ,2 -3 ^ J3 ~w. >> 3 2 "1 '.:: rt o " > > i- ^ ; J. ;3 J; re -nl .ra -n: • ; 2 S S a: a: Di OS c nl rj E -^ rt 2. nl -a ,-• re t •nl ;; -J .b 2 E re nl re . 6->, 2-e^ 3 o-si • re b2 -S -5 ,iS ^ 5 = u^ -n re 3 -3^2 43 '^-^■^^•^^lOlOlOLOlOLOUOlO CD -i- LOO r^co O C ) -t too r^oo Collection and Preservation of the V § Fa .... F o. . . . . '. :E S £ 8 E o c 3 >> >- C- CL H : P, ^ : * r^ o :!-,:-+: :\o < Z z m o o I/-; O -t « CO O 0\ N lO t-1 a- G CO O c-OO u . IN CO O CO OsCO VO „ „, r--. CO CO lO S" lO O O ■re -re g5 S E.J >^ "J bo 111 -« j: 1 ■ c . 3 C/) • •"= • o S 6 X 3 'C H o z So • • ■ g.-^ ■ • •l1 • 3 . .4-g . -re :™ rt s ^ T3 3 >> . '5. . s 1 -re s g; g rere E ~I2 ^ ^ r- O 5ee:&.I << 'a. ■a a: m 1 ^ ra O n! 6 2' s -n! -^ 1 !> 1 -re rt tij OS re re j: -o n! bo c -re E e-rt cfl > -re c s a. ||g S nJ nj N yn O r-^-oo r^co .00 0\ O O IN. OOO ^O Tl-u^LOUOlOlOlOO^-+ r-» COCO O '-' lo c^ lo -H o •^- . 10*0 W rt -^ -n) >, 7> *j — = ■- nj Ci C •r3 rt 'n: u ca 're :2i O, a. CU W ^t/) 1^ O C O O :.^ ts -re ^ c u X Y< • — ' c tfl > -« h in rt tfl nt H F j^ X. X. cQccm -re ^ j: rt j3 -=T! >,« >-n -c t i-J= i2 -re uuQz££ CC 0\ O •- M CO ^ lOO t^GO Ov O ■> ^-^ -re "^ 1^ nJ •c^' > =^ 2 ,C/3 (/}cn ,-- • • • - re "3'-" . 2 6 o 6 rt Sre ^ tog CQ>>> 9° Collection and Preservation of the : E a- : E o- - S £ S S c ° c ° VO CO C003 f-\0 VO CO t^ '^ lO oa c/3^c«> E rt rt _, ^ 2 X t^ = 3 S rt '« > ^ ^r3 rt bo "C. ™ o a tS e > ^C/) V3C/2 •n , -nj rt E-f^ Ji^H j: -n! ^ ' "^ ^ "^ ^^ ^^n ■re ■- t:' t- :3 .t;' ■^ rt S ^ -g 2 -re rt re n! 5 >- jD ■f^-f«-^-re:5 n) boo II- •O t/) r>. CO ON o — M ro ^ in O CO rO c-^ CO CO ro Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 9' 9 I o c m O iriO r^iO" -S-iOiOi- -tiOM lO uoco N m r^oo ID i? lO coo o 0\ -^ IT) O CfiO CO -o c M >> b •S, '•=-in > c- • -S ■o -^.^^ > C1.0 ■a C' g •^ "TC C ^j^ f^ '^^ re ,T re S -^ 5 re ^'— ™ :^ 2| re rt S y >.r .^ "-^ — ■ > ^ > 5 5^— 2 j: -re |o g g 2 >% >i >^ >> >N s a re re re re re 2 2 >^>\>- >^ >^ p, n -c -^ -^ J= -^ re re ^re -r3 ^re 're ^re oj qj 1- t- u 1- u- -a 'u re re re re re re re £! a t; t! tl CO. o (J rJ O Q la / LO l/^O 'O ^ "v i O Ml; O O -O ^C t-^ 93 Collection and Preservation of the oj rt 0 CO 0\ NO 1/5 ro (S o : M : o-co : n : <» : : r'. a" <: CO ro — f^ — lOO rno r^ CO c^ t^ ON O >OCO 01 _, u-) ►- 1/^ CN t^ O lO -t (^ r^ c J 04 o>vo - me-oooDoo >-. n cooo N O GO n — -^00 f \0 ««-)-„„ vO u- -^ N O CO "^ a. •■«•■• < -3 \ \t \ \ \ \\ So i • --^ • '■ • : : : n) • • • >> > re : : 3 rt S-. c E E TO u nj 0) u cfl -a ^ c -r! ^^^^ •OO-re V- 9- ^ TO rt TO TO 1- -m ,i: ^ ,t: IJ TO TO 5 « TO -^"I-bS CL E p- TO TO TO TO TO E E ' - ~ - -:= -rt TO S.I fs — ■ — ■— . ■-: -^ D. C O. > TO c ■TO C TO j: ^ P TO TO j: > > ■< ■' Di-fcLl K -•£■£■£ c c c ■ TO TO TO ^' 2 SI! S-l-Q TO TO TO TO TO la: lii ti; t^: tsj ,!!!-^'3; to' u TO 'TO i- S-^ E ^ 2^TO ■3 'cJ~' . H--^ 5 ^ TO 2 "^ Ci.-- >< TO TO >-™ i3 2 -a 0.-3 "□ 3 -3 i/i C -Q ,0 TO " E E-TO n TO TO -C .-2 E TO -re -^ ^ 3 -r ^ TO ?:ijTO ^ > "a E "S TO 5 3 := ^ T3 ,3 B£- 5 Q S :^ TO TO TO ^ni g i>;=,C Q Q a Q .-co ON O .- oi CO -1- ir^O r^co Ov O Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 93 E a. E o- R E R E eu R S • 00 o • o crj cO-^-'M^ COO O lO-^'^'-' u-:)COcoO^^-^vOlOCO':^lOlOl^v -rfyo On -+ i/^) rO\C 'O i/jCC "+ O lO --i lO w ON ■^vo 00 r-^ ■^ io*o "O o f-^o iricoc-N.fOM'O 10*0 ^O r^o tn locc co 10 -^ 10 -+ (n rr; 1 (r2*0 M •-" -^ CO i>^ hhvoi-ion r^ocot^ r>. toco rt -a -3 •§:?■ • ±:1 ^ .-5 c ^ •^ ■ 'W^ ! Q nj rt - c >-5 rt^ ti 5 ra rt c >, u -c .^ ^ h 2 j^ ■> > [; ^ '^ ^ n "^ ^ ^^ n n) ra nl "S "S Hi j: x: J ^ 3 3x: •S -c -c .g t tM S^-: 13 T3 J3 ros: is s = ,i- c c -Q rt ^ rt rt rt i5 a.j<: s x: ^ . ■5 cT nj rt n! rt ; > S - - 2 '5 -3 ; J ■■^ 2 ({i ■3 '?• n] « > aS^^ rt rt ,E 2 Oh c -r be be 2 b ta n! .2 j: -c J2 J2 -™ o ■" 3 -g . T3 j: 2Vi rt o E c 3 -u; "jCO '-' in\o O G> OnO ro lO on On t^ CO ^\0 >0 "^"^■^■-'COiO r-^c^O ► O — r^'-« CO \Or*-ON ^<-'OcNCO'-''^r^ lOO rt £ P3 2 l?Q 2 a -5 E h S t/) > O -c/^ ^•f. •o t/2 i „~ rt S S S' S g. ■5 «-^ 2 •c-^ 2,5 •^ ° 2 5 S >£! -2 -^ ^ rertrar'n!onirtra333 •;: t: c^i ir.'T-.m c/3 c/2 cA) CA! c/: y: X CO t/} co w -E no r-^CO Cv O — 01 CO -1- 'OO r^CO 0^ O '-' f^ fO ~t t -1- -t -t- -t- lo to to in vj-j lo lo to to loo -o o o o . O ^ c O ; j3 -a •« Q . ; Q -ra Q ■> Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 95 ON - CO ; . r->.oo ; CO O CO iO\0 lO -* >-< N coo Or^iO^cOiO-^tNO ^ ^ ^ miOrOC^r^t^— ^— i; -re ^ ,!; 13 ra 2 i; s c = I- >^ *t; " •" :r,;s,-z: G^ S a-a..^ n ni -re -re res <<<<^dd::j cc-'ji X :^ i^: o o D u o u —.—.—.—,—> 3 Md« 2^ 3 2 : {s IS c ,!^ "S ^ _g _2 !)/:>: :^ 0- :a 02 cq cd lOvO t^CO On O ) -t lOO ^OO 0^ 3 I- co-t-iOO rv.co 0\ O ■-■ N CO -*• »J^O r->. CO On CCOICOCOOOGOCOONOnOnOnOnOnOnOv CN On 96 Collection and Preservation of the 1 E a. E o U < H- t^ O t^ lO O coco Ov— •« lOLOO-i-'-'N CO .o . -co -co^oov.co r^^ o . c^ . .00 t^o t^ r^co : : : ID r(-co O vO ro lo ir; roco ^OiO— lOOviOO r^ioio^ — -tOCOOO s. ►.(MM Nts-TtO - Oi " Tj-rOM"^- < Manatunga . Do. ... Yasovijaya Hansagani Vijayasena Dhanesvara . Sundaragani . Sobhana .... Jinachandra . Kaviraja .... Padalipta H II. — Jaina Works — contd. (B) Poetry— concld. Bhaktamayastotra with Taba (S. G.) Bhaktamayastotram satikam (S.) . Bhaktamayastotravritti (S.) . Bhavanakulaka and Taba (M. G.) Miirkhasataka and Taba (S. G.) . Yogadrishtisajjhaf (G.) Ratnachudamarii chopaf (G.) Rajanfti and Taba (S. G.) . Ramacharitra (S.) Do. (Hindi) . Vasudharadharanastotra (.S.) Do. (do.) . Vidvansataka (?) (S. G.) Virastavanani satikam (M. S.) Satruiijayamahatmya, Sargas XIV Sasvatajinotsavana (M. G.) . Siladiitakavya (S.) Sobhanastutih savachurih (S.) Srikumaraviharasataka (S.) . Srisuktimala (G.) .... Samayasaranataka (S. Hindi) Sambaprajana chopaf (G.) . Sambodhasitteri (G.) Siddhapaiichasika (M. G.) . Sundarasringara (Hindi) Sukt.-Svali(M. G.). Svarnasiddhih satika (M. S.) Haribhadrakritastutivyakhya (G.) O , 0000000000----->---"i-NNINNNM. ; O VO ^ 1/5 O o CO O O - t^ -^co -' - "2 ::? " 'J? LO " -1- Lo -t-co CO c^ coo o IT) lO On O = r^ O N CO -)- ;; ON c-oo t^ ■^-CO 00 "^ OMOO -t w lO - ro c 'l- ^ -+ o' CO " -* - ■o o -1 CO CO •* o g, : 2 nJ S •re • rt c3 'S «« !J rt > ^S 2 ■ 2 : rt ' ' : rt • rt • cfl -a >^ c ■Sea CD E E C zd! •X. •c b. o d t£. C/3 re •?' C/3 > re h 1 ^.^ d nj re •a • c c re ■a c t/; _ u re > re re re >> >x '-J re in 9- re > -0 d^.^OE' 1 -y 2 re • n £ ^ : re;= .c s-a re re T^-- c j; '„ -^ o re -ti,. <<■ re u 5-=^ be 5 b re = 1-" ;« £ S -re o re re c re ^ -re -S '3 -re -re J = "O ■£ c := E E E i 2- re re -re 3 3 cj v! re ^;i^ti;!^Lit:id ^ c c c c c 81: i E ES : re re -re : re re '-J nil 98 Collection and Preservation of the i Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Age of Manu- scripts. CO _ vo c) r~, ci ro . . ° .'""'.. ^-^ . . "^ . °° lo Z '3 CO i^, CO CO — O- -to ID CO O^OD O lO n lO r^ OD O - CO CO ^ CO lO O 0^ c^ CO P- •- CO CO CO CO <^i CO lo O'co ca looo CI r^ ^ ^ o i^oo r-..o ^ ^ c^m coco-- CO lO-" cjc^co*-* — co-^coo r^cj^o^cON'tHH T)- H^c< ■S Premji .... Merutunga Hirasuri .... Kshemankara . Kanakakusala. Munisundara . H 2 c o 1 II.— Jaina Works— conc/rf. (C) Biography, History, and Legends- Priyankarakatha (S.) . Buddharas (M.) .... Bhuvanabhanukevalicharitra (S.) . Mangfalakalasacharitra (G.) . Mandharasvamistavanahattrisi (G.) Mahipalacharitra (G.) . Mahimavaliras (G.) Munipaticharitra (M.) . Yamalakaras (G.) Ratnapalaras (G.) Rupasenarajakatha (M.) Dilavatiras (G.) .... I.okaprakasa (S.) .... Vicharasreni (S.) .... Santijinaras (G.) .... Salicharitra (S.) .... Salibhadradhanadaras (G.) . Sripalacharitra (S.) Shatpurushavichara (S.) Sadayavatsadicharitrani (S. G.) . Sararas (G.) .... Susadhacharitra (M.) . Saubhagyapaiichamikatha (S.) . Sthaviravali (S.) .... Do. (M. G.) . Do. (M. S.) . Do. (S.) .... Do. (M. S.) . w ^T lOO r^CO 0\ O *-• N CO ^ too I^CO On O hh w CO -1" 'OO r^CO O O >- N C CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 2 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 99 >■ OJ , ~ C\ " -ri- Tl- N - O VC r-. ve O ■* ; z lO lO cOlOOi o •- t^ ro lO lO ON Tl-OO 00 CO O c^ r-^O I/O C^ -H ^- ,- \r N ■- CO o „ t-1 r^ C-. r^oo Ncc -i-i/-, ^c CN^o-. •+ ri o r-^ n D 1/0 o lO ^ c^ CO ^ E 0! .a • .*: 1^ T3 -a c rt 6 « E SEE ■S.s, 5 ra^ 5 rt =. 2 n "it, re ri -a E II c re re re re re a. c^ S re -re _re '^■"^ j: oj o -a o re hJ X JII "J^'Tl ua I ::ix z ID u-. U-i ^ re c re ■—1 > o i/i M ^_^ - c c ? W c 5 -o ai ^ « . • '~^ . • - ti C3 • rn c/i (/) so w o re -a O cu ■ h ,-^ re > a: 'c g S "3 "3 — ^ 2 "3 '^ -= — ■« -re ^ • -^ C/} -re ^ ^ .-1 " > S,_ « ^.c X -9 i > 5;5.re"=-:E„tls-=2 3 52. -gc. c a c^ re O „ >, -s O _S -a o « •^ c.a co-a < < o 1 c c r33 ■g a. =■1-11 -^ I.E.? E ^-^ - E c 5 i" fl -re 3 -3 re Si 5 Q. 2 3 ^1 re *j 1- re ^ E 0) o c II > re u ~ — <<<<< — Or-ZZZZia 2i_; J> !A)CA) s O c-, -f too r^co Cn O -+ lO .„ o CO CO «rocicOM-:J--*-*-*-*-*-i«--*Tj-^tl--^-3--i- ^ -^1- '*' -^ •* ^ •* •* CQ "3 . a 0-2 Collection and Preservation of the From H. Wellesley, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — No. 4770, dated Fort William, the 23rd December 1872. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 1344, dated the 28th ultimo, forwarding a report by Dr. Biihler on the results of his search for Sanskrit manuscripts in Gujarat during the year I871-72. 2. Dr. Biihler's success is most satisfactory, and the Governor-General in Council hopes that that gentleman will be able to visit Bikanir and Jesalmir, where valuable Sanskrit manuscripts are probably to be found. From Professor G. Buhler, Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Surat, the 20lh August 1873. I have the honour to submit my report on the results of my search for Sanskrit manuscripts during the period from July 1st, 1872, to May 15th, 1873. 2. Following the same order which I observed last year, I first render account of my operations connected with the printing of the catalogue of Brahmanical manuscripts from Gujarat. Two new fascicles, Nos. Ill and IV, of this work have been published during the past year. The materials collected in 1868-69 have now been exhausted. The issue of a supplementary number, giving addenda, indices, &c., is still required. This part, as well as a fascicle of the catalogue of Jaina works, is still in preparation. 3. Several large collections of Jaina books in Cambay, Limdi, and Ahmedabad have been partly catalogued. The extent and the condition of these libraries prevent me, however, from causing complete lists of their contents to be made. Several of them contain upwards of 10,000 manu- scripts, and sometimes hundreds of copies of one and the same work are found in one library. Thus a library at Ahmedabad contains, according to the statement of the cataloguing Sastri, 400 copies of the Avasyakasiitra. This assertion will appear neither astonishing nor incredible, if it is borne in mind that devout Jainas frequently give, or bequeath, large sums of money to the superintendents of monasteries for copying books, and that the multi- plication of the sacred writings is held to be highly meritorious. To make complete catalogues of such libraries is out of the question. In the course of 1S73-74 I hope to finish the exploration of two out of the three large Jaina libraries at Ahmedabad and of those at Vadhvan, and Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. to begin with the Bhandars at Siddhapur Paihan. But I despair of finishing my task during either the current or the next following year. 4. During the period under report, I have bought or procured copies of 200 manuscripts, of which number 75 belong to Brahmanical literature, and 123 to the Jainas, while 2 contain Gujarati prose-works. Among the Brahmanical works there are several novelties and rare works, to which I beg to call special attention. Thus, No. 2, the Bhashya on the Mantras quoted in the Paraskaragrihyasutra (I-II, 3) of the White Yajurveda, at- tempts a task which is usually neglected by the writers on Vedic cere- monies, and it is, at all events, highly interesting to see what meaning a Brahmanical writer attributed to the prayers which the Bhattas generally mutter without understanding, or caring to understand, them. Among the Puranas, the Vahnipurana is new to me. It is not identical with the Agnipurana. The Sarasvatipurana is a complete copy of the fragment noticed in last year's report. The list of manuscripts of poetical works contains several original compositions and commentaries which are seldom met with. The most important among them are the Vrihatkatha of Kshemendra and the Partha- parakrama. The honour of the first discovery of the former work belongs to A. Burnell, Esq., M.C.S., not to myself, as stated in the Indian Antiquary. But the copy in my list appears to be the only other known manuscript be- sides that of Mr. Burnell, and, though incomplete, it contains very important portions of the original, which are wanting in that gentleman's manuscript. In an article in the Indian Antiquary I have pointed out how great the importance of the Vrihatkatha is for the history of the Indian collections of apologues. I may add that further researches have convinced me that it settles the question, which of the many versions of the Pahchatantra is the original one, and that it allows us to ascertain the form of that work as it stood in the fifth century A.D. The Paiichatantra, at that period, closely resembled the so-called Southern redaction. The second work mentioned above, the Parthaparakrama, is a drama of the class called Vyayoga, a military piece, celebrating the deeds of Arjuna. Its author, the Yuvaraja, or heir-apparent, Prahladana, who lived under a king of the name of Dharavarsha, is quoted by Sarngadhara, the author of a large collection of elegant extracts made in the fourteenth century. King Dharavarsha, from whose capital (Chandravati) the moun- tain Nandivardhana (Abii) could be seen, lived probably in the tenth cen- Collection and Preservation of the tury. Prahladana was his brother, and founded Pdlanpur.* The play is important, as only one other Vyayoga was hitherto known. The manuscript was found in a Jaina library-. Among the works pertaining to the Sastras, the Agnivesasamhita, one of the oldest works on medicine, written in the Sutra style, and the Visranta- vidyavinoda, a work on veterinary surgery, attributed to King Bhoja, deserve to be noted specially. The latter work is different from the short popular treatise usually called Salihotra, which, likewise, is attributed to the famous king of Malava. 5. As regards the Jaina books, I have stated already, in last year's report, that the purchases of 1872-73 promise to become highly important. My hopes in this respect have been completely fulfilled. I have obtained some palm-leaf manuscripts, Nos. 78-80, 113, 114, 128-132, which all are be- tween five and six hundred years old. The oldest, containing the Vrihat- kalpasutra, with its commentaries, is dated 1334 Vikrama, or 1278 A.D. It was written in Cambay, where it was preserved until it came into my hands. The other manuscripts likewise come from that town. All these manuscripts are remarkable, not only for their age, but also for the form, the writing, and the material on which they are written. The Acharangasiitra, with its commentaries (Nos. 78-80), forms one \zxg& pothi, the leaves (i — 411 and i — 18) of which are two feet and eleven and three-quarter inches in length, and three inches broad. Each line is broken up into three divisions, nine and one-quarter inches in length, between which, as well as on the margin at either end, usually a broad red tilak has been placed. Two substantial boards protect the outside of the pothi. The Nisi'thasutra, with its commentaries, is written on 238 leaves, num- bered 105-343. It measures two feet nine inches by three inches. The lines are divided into three parts, each nine inches by three inches. Two strings pass through the centres of the red marks adorning the margin as the ends of each leaf. The outside is protected by boards. The Vrihatkalpasutra (Nos. 128-130), with its commentaries, and the Vyavaharasutra (Nos. 131 and 132), resemble the Nisi'thasutra in ap- pearance. They measure two feet nine inches by three inches, and two feet eleven inches by three inches, respectively. * I owe this information to Major J. Watson, Acting Political Superintendent of Palan- pur. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 103 All these manuscripts are distinguished from the palm-leaf manuscripts, which are so common in Southern India, by their size, by the quality of the leaves, and by the manner of writing. For, while the leaves of the Madras manuscripts are usually thick, and possess a certain degree of stiffness, those of the Cambay copies are very thin, almost flabby. While the letters of the Madras manuscripts are scratched with a stylus and blackened afterwards, the writing on those from Cambay has been executed with a very broad reed pen, or with a fine brush. The form of the letters resembles the peculiar cramped hand of the more modern Jaina manuscripts, but the letters are very large, similar in size to those found in the inscriptions of the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries. One very striking feature is the form of the initial /, which frequently consists of two dots and a stroke beneath, and resembles that of the Shah and Gupta inscriptions. The gh, too, has an archaic form ; it consists of three vertical strokes, joined above and below by horizontal ones. The preservation of the four manuscripts is, in spite of their great age, tolerably good. A few pages have become nearly illegible, the ink having been rubbed off ; pieces of some leaves have been damaged by insects and have been broken off. Palm-leaf manuscripts of this description, which are held in great esteem by the Jainas, are said to be found in larger numbers in Cambay and Pathan only. But one is said to exist in Surat, a few in Limdi and Vadhvan, and three are stated to be in the possession of the Jaina High Priest at Ahmedabad. One of the Limdi manuscripts, which contains the Avaiyakasutra, and is dated Samvat 1189, or 1133 A.D., has been sent to me by the owner as a loan. I shall publish photographs of some pages of this manuscript in the Indian Antiquary. 6. Copies of all the forty-five sacred works of the Jainas, with the exception of three very small treatises, have now been obtained, and San- skrit commentaries on most of them. Among this year's purchases the complete collection of Painnas or Prakirnakas (No. 141), the Pannavana with a commentary, the Nandyadhyayana with two commentaries, the com- mentary on the Jiiatadharmakatha, deserve to be noted. These commenta- ries, as well as several others, are particularly valuable, as their authors belong to the oldest and most esteemed exponents of Jaina doctrines. Haribhadra, the son of Yakina [vide Nos. 104, iio, 114, and 150), is stated to have lived in the first half of the sixth century A. D. Abhayadeva {vide 104 Collection and Preservation oj the Nos. 91, 103, 121) wrote, according to his own statement, in the eleventh century, at Pathan, the Navangivritti, /. c, commentaries on nine Angas (copies of five have been acquired for Government). Malayagiri, the most voluminous of all Jaina commentators, lived in the beginning of the thirteenth century. Special notice deserve, also, the copies of the Niryuktis, the oldest expositions of the Angas, which are attributed to Bhadrabahu, the author of the Kalpasiitra, and reputed contemporary of the Nandas. The Sanskrit commentary on the large collection called Oghaniryukti by Dronacharya goes back considerably beyond the time of Hemachandra. Magadhi Bha- shyas and Avachurnis (Nos. 105, 114, 129, 130), which are much older than the Sanskrit glosses, are important for the history of the sacred books. 7. Of more general interest and higher importance than any of the acquisitions already enumerated, are the Desisabdasangraha of Hema- chandra (No. 184) and the Paialachhinamamala (No. 185). These two works are dictionaries of the ancient Prakrit language, and contain upwards of 11,000 hitherto unknown words, many of which, in more or less modified forms, occur in the modern Prakrits. They are indispensable for the cor- rect interpretation of the Jaina scriptures and all other true Prakrit works, and promise important results for the history of the living Aryan languages of India. I may add that I have now succeeded in obtaining a loan of a second copy of the Desisabdasangraha, and that it will be possible to prepare an edition of it. 8. As regards the utilisation of the acquired manuscripts, Professor Whitney, of Newhaven, has asked for copies of some of our Atharvaveda manuscripts bought in 1870-71, and will apply to Government for a loan of another part of that collection. Professor Foucaux, of Paris, has asked for a copy of the Meghadi'itavachiiri, bought last year. I have furnished copies of the Agni and Vayupuranas for collation to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Articles on the Vrihatkatha, the Desisabdasangraha, the Mayu- rasatakatika, and the Paialachhi have appeared in the Indian Antiquary. I regret that my official duties prevent me from doing more, especially for the Jaina literature, which can only be studied in Gujarat. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. '05 — c rt . (U ^ s ■£ S li'rt ii £ CL. Q.^ i2 E : "3- 5 e ts K- ■5. 5 * ^ " 5 : £ * c s u 8 - c ^ i >-. rt Q< vO . 10 VO •+ : S ro -t : "o-i' - ^ g° : : r^ : "2 ^ ■ (U a z < VO C\ n IN 10 - M ". CO ci crivO 10 J — M w H- ro r^ On c^ c^ c^ r-^ lOCO CO 1 OT ON c^ VO - a> VO CO a. i > 3 c Q _o rt ■ 2 < 1.d1 ^-1 : -a c 1 a • — i 1 S CQ h nl k; .E, >• c- .>« 3 0. • -I • u 3 0. H ^ "rt 3 rt -J • < ^ s n- ^ Di *2 *- i H J < U -3 ^ 2 D- 1 s c ■ "o 3 . oi . . a. > '^ i> • i • !> . . . l5 . . . t. nj J:; J3 ^ *^ rt n! z < ,1, w •5 - ^ c g C i • E E OS oa 1. 3. 1 ^' % rt'2 c- 3 -n a, fill ^nj 'rt -^ t^ SEE a! nj >^ . >. III g-l :^ si S _ rt c ^ £ -v* c I- T3 rt ^^3 rt 12 u lis < ,^T! ,;5 |2 I35.5 ni)5nc/) ZcS >t/2 <^ u .,1] <^3 ■ tN c^ ■* l/-;^0 t^oo - ?i CO -t m 2 ! io6 Collection and Preservation of the % Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. Incomplete. Complete. •£■1 < 1721 New copy Tracing from a MS. of 1426. New copy Do. New copy 1717 1351 1819 1742 1525 1709 1710 1490 1j OOD.-OM C^IO ^ a^00 -tC'+C\VONCOOO OOOCO i 1 < Damodara Ekanatha Kanchana Yuvaraja Prahladana Sankhadhara . Parasuramamisra . Mayura; Madhusudana Kalidasa Hemadri Dharanidhara Kaviraja; Sasidhara Somadeva Ekanatha Agnivesamuni Siva Bhavabhuti Kshemendra . Sivadasa Vaidyamadhava Charitrasinha . fivarananda . Somabhava A. — Bra'hmanical Literature — contd. {D) Poetry — concld. Kansavadhanataka Kiratarjuniyatika, Sargas VI and VII Dasakumaracharitatika ..... Dhanaiijayavijaya ...... Parthaparakrama, a Vyayoga .... Prahasananataka ....... Mathurachampu ....... Mayiirasatakaip satikam Mayurasatakalika Mcghadiitakavyani savachuri .... Raghuvansadarpana, Sargas VI I I-X . Rasavatisataka Raghavapanclaviyam satikam .... Ramasatakam satikam Ramayanasara ....... Vivekachandrodayanatika VrihatkatHa Sundarilaharivyakhya {E) Grammar and Glossaries. Katantravibhramasutra Bhashyapradipavivafana Anekarthatilaka 1 Recoi-ih of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 107 9. £ P. S : o^ t^ 10 t ^ in M r^ t^ 0-0 o\ - 2" 2 CO C^CO 00 00 On OMDVO rh On CO ON W 10 « covo CO VO N ■- 00 N CO -^ t^ ^ IDOO C^ N H- ■^0 t^ t^ ^ -^ Z > > Nt/j NC/2 Nc/i 2. «i : 5 n! ™ n! : j: .c -a • «.-^ >. 5 ^^ E 3 - -^-H nc/2 0Qn(A)2 ^nc/) > 2 § CO •+ ^ -a- -"t ^ 2 -S 5 S O Oh NCTl NC/5 t/3 t^oo 00-' - -1^ --ti ^ •« ™ S S , lOlOlO lOlOiniO lOOOO io8 Collection and Preservation of the ^ i u o5 « t> OJ CJ K a. E o U Ea. O £ Jc3 5 ■q-oJ 8 s s i >. rt o. S 2 . . to • 2 i? "o'^ : : vo • > "^ ■ I SI J * « < z tn C^ lO M - C^OO !-) O o\ ro o N ^1 1^ ^ ■^ •"• >-( M — '-' M J 0^ r^ r^ t^ o O t^ - „ tN C->. GC OO ^ a •+ - =o - o c^O r^ ■^ £ rt >^ : < 1 -rt 1 1 :" rt c- ■ «-s 'o' 6 caas S 1 w 1 to OS t 13 "^ » ^ H s 2 a »« >> < OS e nJ H H < s w ■2 oa 1 ^1 2 -re .S,ri-re 3 rt rt -3 g gnivesasamhita sabhash treyasamhita sabhashya idvadvallabha . israntavidyavinoda . aidyaratnakarabhashya •n! _o 2 a a -S 1 3 _ ^ -a a. T3 rt nl IJ .11 ■^^ 2 H -C rt -re -tfl w H < < T 03 S c c c nl t zzz <<>>> CA) 03 J N(/DI/) < fO -t lO VO t^OO ON O ^ N ro ■* IT) VO VO ^ O \0 NO ^ NO c^ r>. c^ t^ t--. c>» t>. Z Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 109 ■5,3; (1) QJ OJ aJ 5 EUE - a- gas E ^ E .= o tL,U : 00 : 10 • vo \0 10 NO^C^coClJOlrJlO-^-cr)OOc^lr)C^uo^^— lO^Mt^i^i^^^'^O'+'tcO^ . "-I o ^ c^ » iDoo 00 N 00 t^ « w c^vo "^ w ^ !;;: ^^co w -^ C T3 b/3XI > r3 • -a >. n! • c A - Z wD< CQQCQ ^ c .S,^ rt nl zcuq; .2 ?^J3. rt ct: ni <* uj ^ t/i (£_ t/j c- ^ re -« ^ '-I ^ >ra '■"■ £ 2 re re > -C XL •3 re 3 ra S 0] rt re > ^ T) •a -a re >^ m c > Q Q Q ^ ^ Z 2 c^ o 1- ro -t too r-^i c^ -1- ino r^co c^ O H- r^ CO -t loo r^cc a\ o •-' r^ t^co OOOOCOCCOOCOCOCOOO O^O^C^O^O^O^O^a^O^C^O O O O O O O O O O 1- — Collectioti and Preservation of the ii c c E . gcS "S. c i 11 ..a E 8 c »j % 'i .. re 1. c "> 2 (0 tj a. ■3 ii n. ■u Q. G. :; E :: * :: ' I r I F "a-B a-E :; ; 5 :; E o U ia c U £ 8 c i . t^ ^ VO VO cm : : CO ■1- « 'i " ■" " " " " " < t^ 1 CO ro rot^ LO r^ 1/^ lOCO 1 r^ 0^ 10 -a s lO in -1- ■" ' ^ ^^^^ /■^■^•^•^ ^^ 100 r^ " to « -* ONTj- H l_ ON ^ 10 ii. 4 • -' ' ™ c c « . < cu 1 S 5 - •a : nJ c - > -g ^ - S> ^ 1 V3 < : ta |-a c cS E 0) :-3 re E nl "2 CU 'So nl 2 -a c > 'C -3 2 nl 6 Q re i: H U' X ■^' ■X • «5 • t/5 •> c^ - 2 ■ 2 E if re 2 S--3 re re 2^ Is X .'^ t^ H 1 H h s u H J < g T 2 c o o 1 e K ^. e 2 Is ^-^ > .3 -3 ■£ -5 ZZ -« 2' > •c E-:™u c E 3 rt nl.S CuO-O. >^^ t^ -■>.35; o. 2 2 rt 2 nl nl rt > 5 .n -re -n >^ ^ J= >^ >> rt j: "S S 3 S? re ••3 -S -S ^ > 2 2 2ix cu 0-0.02 03 1 -^tl^^ |t/^S|rei.S J^St i u rt g |-^|||-3-= ^ ,i a. a. a, re g vi 'J5 re re r3 -re -re re^ ji ji ji j:x -re ^ re re rt g g -S'^rE-SrE re re >>>>>>> c/} -3 j= 1 c. re ■3 re re re re u C < >' 2 -3 c- re E 2 2 D- re j: t3 -0 -re *c)5 in M CO -:H/-; iO r^cn - ri CO 3; lO VO Z "" ^ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. S S -H CC VC O : 'O ^ o CO CO'-' -^ lOf'^r^'O'l't T^ lO O to On c 00 VO t^ 0\ ^^ ID C^ -t O -+0 OOO . r^co NO O ON ■ « □ c2 ST) > ^ '^> 5 «■- ^ . .O .•£ . ,y^ o n ^ CO r; > ^ ._ 2 s e5 ? S :9 ^ E ^ r^ ^- O - .5- dI' re i: c3 9--- ». ■« « •^ .S IM S « 5 be IM 2 ■« .5 «.£■■£ " >-« bo be nl O.D.-S i; = -s -S ■= -= -S ■« "u n! re S ri 3 -3 -3 -3 ■£ Nc/jCOcnt/jc/icot/ic/D cnt/j Cc/2, c/j^- •*« re re .ti ^ "^ f^ 2 c s B-E re re ? re =■ > re re -re u 5 > p'O t;; .ffl D/: -^-^ 5 f^ 3 f^ 2 >, 3 . - re -c ^ f3 >, j=.r^£ re c-^ bch re ._ re 3 ^ -3 'u ^re r3 ;3^ ly) — re e--^- re ^ •a =• >,s 2 ■" •- "1 re S""^ u - re t re -X. ^>^ 3 be h re .s 5 S ;o-™ re^- s s ■P-2 3j= a.JJ2: S re. 2 rex 3.£ p 3 j:X;= re 3 S 2 eS CO CO CO Tt -^ -^ 'fj- - ■^■rj-ioioioioioioio ) m Hemachandra Hemachandra Hemachandra Hemachandra Sundaragani . Hemachandra Do. ... Nandasundara ■3 -7- ^ B. — Jaina Literature — concla (C) Legends and History — conck Yasodharacharita (S.) Ratnachiidaras (G.) . Bohiniras (G.) .... Vajrayudhadikatha (S.) Vastupalacharitra (S.) Vikramaprabhandha (S.) . Vinayachatasreshlhiputrakatha (G.) Santinathacharitra (S.) Do. (S.) Sararas (G.) Sitacharitra (M.) Sollakaprabandhadi . Harischandrakathanaka (M.) . (D) Miscellaneous Sdsfras. Abhidhanachintamanih satikah (S.) Kriyasamuchchaya (S.) Chhandanusasana (S.) Dandaka (M. G.) Desisabdasangraha (M. S.) Paialachhinamamala (M.) . Yogasastra (S.) .... Sabdaratnakara (S.) . Sabdanusasanalaghuvritti III, i — 3 ( Do. Adhyaya IV . Do. Adhyaya IV with Avachur Z r^oo C^ '-' M CO Tt- 100 c^oo 0\ '-' cj CO --I- to\0 c^ OD 0> Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 113 i t^ o\ (N M ti-) r^ C3 - ^ -»■ -^ ro n! f A nt > CJ ra : =^ : rt ■"0 _ : J= ^ rt 5 £■« -F, " ia ■« . E SB j: X is> ^ . . . . ^ aJ •rt ^-- t/) nj • •'^^ c£;5i E F -3 n! ^ >-?'C rt -S^ O-C rt "n "c ^ 'rt c rt s bo c 2 3i.2,.£,2^ c ^ 2 •£ -5 Q. ° •r ^■n -C n) re — u D 1 u w -5 >(A C/3 W Cfl C^'c/TX (/) >i;5 1- ir r^» C^ Ov 0^ C^' :^ C^ 0\ 114 Collection and Preservation of the From C.'GoNNE, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 479, dated 4th May 1875. I am_clirected to forward to you, for submission to the Government of India, the accompanying copy of a letter* » Dated 4th February ,S75. ^^^^ Dr. Buhler, Educational Inspector, Northern Division of this Presidency, giving a brief account of his opera- tions in connection with the search for Sanskrit manuscripts from August 1873 to 31st December 1874, together with copy of a further letter from the same officer, dated the 19th ultimo, and to request that his proposals may be sanctioned by the Government of India at an early date. 2. Dr. Buhler, it will be observed, considers it necessary that he should start for KaSmir about the middle or towards the end of June next, and asks for a grant of R5,goo on account of purchase of books, and Ri,ooo on account of travelling allowance. 3. Towards the sum of R6,ooo thus asked for by Dr. Buhler, R3,200 will be available for the current year, if this Presidency budget is sanc- tioned ; and I am to request that His Excellency the Viceroy and Gov- ernor-General in Council may be pleased to accord his sanction to an additional grant of R2,8oo, the balance which has to be supplied. 4. I am to add that the interest which the Government of India has a'ready expressed in Dr. Biihler's operations, leads His Excellency the Governor in Council to hope for an early and favourable reply to the above proposal, especially as the allotment of R3,200, sanctioned for 1S74-75 for the purpose of Sanskrit manuscripts, was a saving. From K. M. Chatfield, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, to C. GotfNE, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — No. 5936, dated Poona, the 15th February 1875. I have the honour to submit a letterf from Dr. Buhler, explaining why his detailed report on his tour in Rajput- t No. 4810 of the 4th instant. • 1 1 1 j 1. Vi- 1 ^ ana is delayed, and submittmg a short report for the information of Government. 2. Dr. Buhler appears to be desirous that this short report may be for- warded to the Government of India at an early date, with the view of securing a renewal of the grant for 1875-76; and I trust that the Government of Bom- bay will be pleased to recommend this renewal to the Government of India. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 115 3. Dr. Biihler has submitted to me his accounts, and I beg to enquire whether the detail of the expenditure should be forwarded to the Account- ant-General. I may mention that I have examined the accounts, and find them com- plete. From G. Bt'iHLER, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to K. M. Chatfield, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — No. 4810, dated Sural, the 4th February 1875. I have the honour to submit herewith a short report on my operations in connexion with the search for Sanskrit manuscripts, during the period of August 1873 to December 31st, 1874; together with an account of the expenditure for the same period. 2. I regret that the non-receipt of nearly thirty copies of manuscripts from Jesalmir — without a description of which my full report would lose a great part of its interest — prevents me^ even now, from submitting the detailed account of my tour through Rajputana. I have several times written to the Jesalmir Durbar to transmit these books, which were given to the copyists a year ago ; but I have received no answer. I have also written, officially and demi-officially, to the Political Agent of Marwar on the same subject. The only result of his exertions has been a promise to send the manuscripts soon. As this answer was given in November last, I have now despatched my agent to Jesalmir with orders to bring the manuscripts ; and they will, no doubt", arrive about the end of March. If I submit a short report now, my object is to bring officially to the notice of the Government of India the success which has attended my operations, and to solicit a further grant for the purchase of manuscripts for the year 1875-76. 3. The account of the sums entrusted to me for the purchase of books shows a balance of R420; but R106 have to be deducted from this sum for certain manuscripts which I have agreed to purchase from Bhuj in Kach, and the journey of my agent to Jesalmir will cost about R150. The real balance is, therefore, only R164, for which it will hardly be possible to print my detailed report. 4. The account of the expenditure of my travelling allowance is not furnished with vouchers, as a great part of the items is of such a nature that I cannot furnish vouchers for them. It shews that the allowance has not covered my expenses, and the deficit is, in reality, much larger than 1 1 6 Collection and Preservation of the what the paper shews ; as I have had to pay also 3rd class railway fare for one servant from Okarra, on the Sind and Punjab Railway, and a not in- considerable amount for personal luggage. I am not able to ascertain the exact amount for the last two items. 1 do not wish to raise a claim on account of any excess of my actual expenses over the sum granted by Government. Abstract Report for the year i8y2-74- The operations connected with the search for Sanskrit manuscripts from August 1873 to December 31st, 1874, may be divided according to three periods — I. — Operations in Gujarat, from August to 14th December 1873. 2. — Operations during my tour in Rajputana, from 15th December 1873 to 15th March 1874. 3. — Operations from 15th March to 31st December 1874. 2. The chief result during the first period was the acquisition of 45 manuscripts, partly Brahmanical and partly Jaina. Among the former is one exceedingly important work, the Panchasiddhantika of Varahamihira. This work belongs to the Tantra branch of astronomy, and is strictly scientific. It has the greatest interest for the student of Indian astronomy, as it contains the date of its author, and gives extracts from five older astronomical books which are no longer accessible. The manuscript, of which I was allowed to have a copy taken, is not very correct ; but the general sense can usually be made out. The owner of the original informed me that he had copied it in Benares, where formerly Mr. Cole- brooke. Dr. Kern, and others have sought it in vain ; and that a commentary on the work exists. Among the Jaina books are some valuable commentaries on Sutras, which I had been unable to obtain in former years, and several historical legends. Another success was the opening of a famous Bhandar or Jaina library at Tharad, to which I gained access in the beginning of December 1873, with the kind assistance of Major Y. Watson, then Acting Political Agent of Pahlanpur. The Bhandar contains a nearly complete set of the sacred and legendary works of the Jaina sect, and I was able thence to obtain copies of a few books bearing on the history of the sect and of Northern Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 117 Gujarat. Among the latter I may mention a Kanhadadevacharitra, a Gujarati-Marwari poem on the history of a Chohan prince, called Kanhada, who valiantly defended his country against the Musalmans. 3. During the second period, on my tour through Rajputana, I visited, among towns famous for their libraries and religious establishments, Abu, Nandol, Palli, Jodhpur, Jesalmir, Bikanir, and Bhatner or Hanumangaoh. Abu and Nandol furnished no books ; but I obtained fresh copies of a number of inscriptions which, though already published by others, required revision. The new copies of the Nandol copperplates, of which an abstract translation was published by Colonel Tod, gave very curious and unexpected results. In Palli, only a few not very important books were obtained. In Jodhpur, the Maharaja most liberally allowed me access to his extensive library, which contains about 1,800 Sanskrit manuscripts, a large collec- tion of printed Sanskrit books, and several hundred manuscripts in the modern vernaculars, chiefly in Hindi and Marwari. The library, though rich in rare Purar.ias, Mahatmyas, and Tantras, did not furnish much for my purposes, as most of the manuscripts were modern and incorrect. I ordered copies of two works only. I purchased in Jodhpur eleven manu- scripts, several of which were of importance, e. g., a complete grammar of Hemachandra, and a copy of the dictionary of desl or local words by the same author. Copies of the catalogues of the Maharaja's and some private persons' libraries were procured. In Jesalmir, the next stage on my journey, I gained, after considerable trouble, a sight of all the manuscripts preserved in the famous Bhandar under the temple of Parisnath. Though this library proved to be smaller in extent than was formerly supposed, its contents are of so great import- ance that I should have been satisfied with the results of my journey if I had found nothing else. It contains a not inconsiderable number of very ancient manuscripts of classical Sanskrit poems, and of books on Brah- manical Sastras, as well as some rare Jaina works. More than 50 of the Brahmanical manuscripts are written on palm-leaves, and date from the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries. The oldest of these bears the date Sanivat 1160, or A.D. 1 103-4. It is, therefore, 29 years older than the old Limdi manuscript which I noticed in my report for 1873-74- The poetical manuscripts contain some well-known dramas, epic poems and stories, the texts of which it will now be possible to restore with a 1 1 8 Collection and Preservation of the greater degree of certainty than formerly, when Sanskritists had to rely on manuscripts and commentaries written in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- turies, or even later. They contain, also, three larger and five smaller hitherto unknown poems. Two among the former are historical, — one, entitled the Life of Vikramanka, gives the history of the Chalukya king Vikramaditya or Tribhuvanamalla of Kalyana, A.D. 1078-1 127. It was composed by his chief Pandit, Bilhana, a Kasmirian, about the year 10/55. The second, written in ancient Prakrit, and composed by Upendrahar- shapalita of Jalandhara (Jullunder), celebrates the victory of a king Yasovarman over a king of Cauda. The remaining Brahmanical manu- scripts contain chiefly works on logic, rhetoric, and Sankhya philosophy. Many of these were hitherto unknown. With the assistance of Dr. Jacobi, a young German Sanskritist, who accompanied me on my journey, I looked over every manuscript in the Bhandar, copied the whole of Bilhana's Life of Vikramankadeva, and collated a portion of the Raghuvansa. I made arrangements to have prepared copies of 28 manuscripts. Unfortunately, up to this time, only four out of these have been received, — a circumstance which has prevented the submission of my detailed report. Besides the great Bhandar, Jesalmir is rich in private Jaina libraries. I secured catalogues of four, as well as that of the Raval's private collec- tion. I acquired also 23 old manuscripts referring both to Brahmanical and Jaina literature. In Bikanir, the most important library which I saw belongs to the Maharaja, and contains about 1,400 manuscripts. With the assistance of my companion, I looked over every single book in it. No catalogue of the collection exists. I took only notes of the more important works, as a pandit has been engaged for several years in making a detailed catalogue, with copious extracts, of the most valuable manuscripts, 30 in number. Copies have been procured for Covernment. Among them are the missing portions of the commentary on the Satapathabrahmana, the old work of Bharata on Theatricals, a work on the amusements of kings, composed in the first half of the twelfth century by King Somes- vara of Kalyani, a rare commentary on the Mitakshara by Apararka. I secured also from another source a copy of the Yugapurana, a piece of an ancient astrological book which contains notices on the history of India. A very large number of old manuscripts was offered for sale. I acquired 120 for Covernment, and my purchases were only limited by the extent of Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 119 my resources. Had I had time and money, a good many more important books could have been purchased. In Bhatner, the last town of Rajputana which I visited, I did not find the collection of old palm-leaf manuscripts, which General Cunningham saw there about twenty-five years ago. But I was shewn a large library, containing about 800 paper manuscripts, of which I borrowed five, in order to get them copied. 4. On the 1 6th of March I went on a month's privilege leave, and visited, during this time, Lahore, Delhi, Benares, and other towns of Northern and Eastern India. In Delhi I was fortunate enough to become acquainted with Visvesvar Sastri Naval Gosvami, who not only shewed me many of his valuable manuscripts, but presented me with copies of the rare work of Yamana on Rhetoric, and of the important commentary of Apararka on the Mitakshara, which I have accepted for Government and added to the collection in my hands. From Benares I obtained a loan of a collection of 38 political manu- scripts, many of which are new or rare. From Bundi I received a unique commentary on a part of the law ibook of Narada, through the kindness of the Political Agent of Haraoti. Since my return to Gujarat I have bought about a dozen manuscripts, and received one as a present. One of these manuscripts contains a second copy of the Prakrit dictionary called Paialachhi, which I discovered in 1872. As it is very carefully written, I have been able to discover by its means the name of the author of the work, which is hidden in a riddle, given in one of the concluding verses. Another manuscript contains a panegyric on the famous Alimedabad Sultan, Muhammad Begada, by a Pandit, whom he seems to have protected. A still more important acquisition is a Life of Mahavira, the founder of the Jaina religion, by Hemachandra. 5. The following steps have been taken in order to make the Govern- ment collection known and useful. The report, and classified list of purchases made in 1872-73 have been printed and issued. The Life of Vikramankadeva, alluded to above, has been edited by myself, and will form part of the Bombay Sanskrit series. Articles on the Jesalmir Bhandar, and on the new manuscript of the Paialachhi, have been published in the Indian Antiquary. Eight of the old palm-leaf manuscripts acquired in 1872-73 have been sent to England at the request of the Government of Bombay, and have been Collection and Preservation of the exhibited at the Oriental Congress. According to a notice in the Academy, they were considered the most valuable among the manuscripts exhibited. Professor Kielhorn, in Poona, has received a loan of the Manduki Apisali and Ndradi'ya Sikshas acquired in Rajputana and in Gujarat. Dr. S. Goldschmidt, in Strassburg, has received a copy of Kalidasa's Sctubandha ; Mr. Griffith, in Benares, a copy of Jinendra's commentary on the Kasika ; and Mr. Sankar P. Pandit, a number of commentaries on the Raghuvansa. Besides, I have been able to procure loans of manuscripts from private libraries to several colleagues in Europe and in India. I have also prepared a detailed report on the results of the year's operations, which, when it will have been completed after the receipt of the missing manuscripts copied in Jesalmir, I trust I shall be allowed to print and publish, instead of the abstract now submitted. 6. I am happy to state that the generous efforts of Government for the preservation and exploration of the remains of Sanskrit literature are fully acknowledged by my colleagues in Europe. In order to shew how deeply interested they are in the work, I will only quote the words of Mr. J. Mohl in a notice, No. Ill, of my catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts {Journal Asiatique, April 1873, p. 416): "C'est" (the search for manu- scripts) "une veritable oeuvre de civilisation que le Gouvernement de I'lnde a entreprise et qu'il a poursuivi avec une perseverance tres-louable." 7. I have to express the sense of my deep obligations to Sir Lewis Pelly, Agent to the Governor-General, Rajputana ; Major Walter, Political Agent, Marwar ; and Captain Barton, Political Agent, Bikanir. I have also to bring to the notice of Government the readiness with which the Maharaja of Jodhpur, the Maharaval of Jesalmir, and the Maharaja of Bikanir have opened to me their own libraries, and have exerted themselves to prevail on their subjects to do the same. I beg respectfully to recom- mend that their readiness in this respect may be acknowledged by the presentation of valuable Sanskrit works published or patronised by Govern- ment, such as Professor Max Miiller's edition of the Rigveda. 8. In conclusion, I beg to express the hope that Government will be pleased to give me an opportunity and funds to continue the search. Besides the great library at Siadhpur Pattan, Gujarat, there are the royal and private libraries of Kasmir, Jammu, Jaypur, Udaypur, Ujjain, and Dhar, which, if explored, no doubt will yield the solutions of many problems of Sanskrit philology. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. From G. BuHLER, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Camp Vijalpur, the 19th April 1875. With reference to Government Resolution No. 912, dated the 27th March 1875, General Department, and No. 368^ dated the 6th April 1875, Educational Department, forwarded with your memorandum No. 134, dated gth April 1875, I have the honour to repeat my respectful request that, for 1875-76, R5,ooo may be allotted for the purchase of Sanskrit manuscripts, and R 1,000 for travelling allowance; and that I may be allowed to visit Kasmi'r and Jammu as well, in returning to Bombay, Jaypur and Ujjain. 2. The motives which appear to make it particularly desirable to extend the search for Sanskrit manuscripts to Kasmir are the following : — Firstly, Kasmir has been for many centuries one of the chief seats of Hindu learning and literature. Even to this day, our Pandits maintain that Sarasvati, the Goddess of Poetry, holds her court in Kasmir, and this fable can be traced back for more than six centuries. The Rajatarangini mentions also numerous Kasmirian poets whose works have not yet been recovered. Besides poetry, several Sastras, notably grammar and poetics, were largely cultivated in Kasmir. We owe the preservation of the Mahabhashya, the great commentary on Panini, of the second century B.C., entirely to the Kasmirian Pandits, who, twice, at the command of the kings of the country, rescued it from oblivion, and settled its text by commentaries. Of all these commentaries, only one is accessible ; but the importance of the Mahabhashya as the oldest landmark in Indian literary history, makes it highly desirable to secure the remainder, in order to more fully elucidate the history of the text of the original. Several other grammatical works, among which are the grammar of Chandra, composed A.D. 50, and the commentaries on a syntactical work, the Vakyapadiya — all written by Kasmirians — have hitherto been found in fragments only. Rhetoric and poetics, also, were cultivated in Kasmir from an early date. In Bikanir I found the oldest work on this subject, the Natyasastra, in a Kasmirian copy ; in Jesalmir, I recovered two other books on this subject, written by Kasmirians in the eighth century A.D. ; many others which we know from quotations, e. g.^ the commentary on the Natyasastra by Abhinavaguptacharya, are still to be recovered. The works on poetics are of the utmost importance for the history of Indian poetry ; for it is customary with the authors on this subject to give, in 122 Collection and Preservation of the illustration of their rules, verses from famous poems. Thus, eacii work furnishes more or less numerous data for the history of the classical poems, the origin of which is mostly enveloped in obscurity. Lately it has also become known that Kasmir has been, and probably still is, one of the chief seats of those Brahmans who study the Atharvaveda, which now numbers very few adherents in India proper. Professor Roth, of Tubingen, who is now engaged with the second volume of his work on that Veda, has lately published a pamphlet in which he points out the great importance of enquiries being made in Kasmir for the Atharvan. He has also, I understand, addressed the Government of India on the subject. Results of the greatest interest may be finally expected from an exploration of the Kasmir libraries for the political history of India. Kasmir has furnished the Rajatarangini, the only larger historical work in the Sanskrit language which hitherto has become known. The book has been twice edited, in Calcutta and in Paris ; but, unfortunately, from very insufficient materials, many passages are mutilated or hopelessly corrupt ; and the utter want of manuscripts of the Tarangini in the public libraries of India, leaves the Sanskritist helpless in doubtful cases. I have had personal experience of this inconvenience when, last year, I searched the Calcutta libraries in vain for a manuscript of the Rajataran-gini, in order to establish the identity of one of the authors whose works I found in Jesalmir with an individual named in the history of Kasmir. It would, there- fore be of the greatest importance for Sanskritists if either manuscript materials were secured, or good collations of the work were made. I think it also highly probable that some, at least, of the numerous hostorical works from which Kalhana compiled the Tarangini, such as the Nilapurana, the Rajavali of Kshemendra, &c., will be found in Kasmir. In calculating the chances of the success of a tour in Kas- mir, it must be taken into account that the country has suffered a great deal from the Musalmans, and that, for some centuries, Hinduism and Hindu learning have been almost extinct. But the fact that forty years ago copies of the Tarangini were found in the country, and that, in recent times, rare works have occasionally been brought from Kasmir {e. g., the com- mentary or Baiia's History of Harshavardhana recovered by Dr. Bhau Daji's pandit), shews that some of the old books must have been saved. Besides, it must not be forgotten that the present and late Rajas have been, and are doing, all they can to foster Hindu learning. A large number of pandits are now entertained at the courts, and Sanskrit manu- Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. \ 23 scripts are being collected from the chief towns of Northern and Cen- tral India. In Benares, I have been told over and over again, that the Raja of Kasmir constantly keeps there some agents, who buy up any manuscript that may offer in the market ; and this story has been con- firmed by a very trustworthy pandit of mine, who passed twice, in 1872 and 1874, several months in that town. This latter fact makes it desirable that the second capital of the Raja of Kasmir, Jammu, should also be visited, as a part of the Raja's collec- tion is said to be preserved there. 3. A journey to Kasmir can be undertaken during the summer months only. The time required for going and returning is about six weeks. A stay of three months in the valley would be absolutely necessary in order to obtain any appreciable results. If Jammu were included in the tour, another fortnight or three weeks would have to be added. I would, however, urge that I might be allowed another six weeks in order to visit Jaypur and Ujjain. The former town is the chief seat of the Digambara Jainas in Northern India ; and according to informa- tion received from Digambaras who visited me at Bikanir, it would be easy to procure there a set of the sacred books of this sect. The writings of the Svetambaras have been collected ; but I find that, for the complete elucidation of the history of their creed, the writings of their brethren, the Digambaras, are indispensable. As regards Ujjain, it is the old seat of the Hindu astronomers, and it is clear that the missing Sanihitas and Siddhantas are to be had there. The reasons which prove this conclusively are the following : About sixty years ago. Dr. William Hunter made enquiries about the older Hindu astronomers at Ujjain. The Jyotishis gave him the dates of ten persons, without explaining the grounds on which they based their statements. The works of five of these old astronomers have since been recovered, and the dates given by the Ujjain Pandits occur at the head of the Karanas composed by these authors. The inference is, therefore, that Dr. Hunter's informants actually pos- sessed the works of the persons of whose times they gave an account. Ujjain is also very likely to furnish further information regarding the works and time of Kalidasa, as it is asserted that descendants of his live in the neighbourhood. 4. If these proposals are approved of, the whole tour would extend over seven months, and it ought to be begun by the end of June ; else, there would be difficulties, on account of the monsoon, in reaching Kas- 1 24 Collection and Preservation of the mir. As regards the funds, I think that R 5,000 for the purchase of books, and .Ri.ooo for travelling allowance, would enable me to carry out the plan. Last year's grant for Sanskrit manuscripts, R 3,200, has not been drawn. If the Government of India would sanction the money again for this year in addition to the grant for 1875-76, there would be ample funds to carry out the proposal — at least, as far as the question of purchase-money for manuscripts and travelling allowance is concerned. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — No. 906, dated Simla, the 29th May 1875. In reply to your letter No. 499, dated 4th instant, and enclosures, I am directed to convey sanction to an additional grant of R2,8oo towards defraying the cost of Dr. Biihler's proposed tour in search of Sanskrit manuscripts. No. 907. Copy of the correspondence forwarded to the Financial Department for information and further orders. Office memorandum from A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Govern- ment of India, Home Department, to the Foreign Department, — No. 1060, dated Simla, the 26th June 1875. In continuation of office memorandum No. 3238, dated the 20th October 1873, the undersigned is directed to forward the accompanying correspondence* with the Government of ♦From Bombay, No, 499. dated goi^bay, regarding the deputation of Dr. 4th May 1875. J< a b f To Bombay, No. 906, dated 29th Biihler to Kasniir, Jaypur, and Ujjain, for collecting old Sanskrit manuscripts, and to request the issue of the necessary orders in view to securing Dr. Biihler all the assistance that he may require in furtherance of his enquiries. 2. The undersigned is to express regret that, by an oversight, this communication was not made simultaneously with the orders issued to the Bombay Government. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 125 From G. Bi'ihler, Esq., Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to' the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — dated Bombay, the 23rd June 1875. I have the honour to submit my report on the search for Sanskrit manuscripts during the year 1874-75. 2. On returning from my tour through Rajputana in April 1874, I had at my command only a very small balance of about R600 from the allotment for 1873-74, which I had reserved for the printing of the report. As I received no intimation that Government had again sanc- tioned R3,200, I carried on the work very leisurely for a long time. Only towards the end of the official year, when the long delay in the arrival of the manuscripts which had been ordered to be copied in Jesalmir convinced me that I should be unable to bring out soon the detailed Report for 1873-74, and when I heard that the Government were willing to devote further sums to the search for Sanskrit manuscripts, I resolved to spend the balance in my hands and to renew my efforts to obtain access to the yet un- explored libraries of Gujarat. These remarks will explain why the number of the purchases made during the year is very small. 2. Only one publication appeared during the year, the Report for 1872-73. By your permission, copies of a photograph of the last page of the Limdi manuscript of the Avasyakasutra, dated Sarnvat 1189, which Mr. A. East, C.S., had been good enough to take, were prefixed to it. 3. Important catalogues of libraries have been obtained from Nariad, Ahmedabad, Bhuj, and Pathan. The Nariad collection, which belongs to a Brahman of that town, is not very large. But it contains some rare books, such as commentaries on the Natakas and several important grammatical works, among which there is a copy of the Ganaratnamahodadhi by Vardhamana. The chief list from Ahmedabad is that of the Bhandar of the Jainas be- longing to the Tapagachha. During my usual autumn stay in Ahmedabad, I obtained this catalogue through Seth Maganbhai Hathisinh, who takes a warm interest in the researches regarding the history and literature of his sect. The collection contains 887 manuscripts in 26 dabadas, or cardboard boxes. The manuscripts are all written on paper, and are copies of the usual stock works of Jaina libraries — the Angas with their commentaries (always excepting the Paiichakalpa and Pindaniryukti), the numerous Charitras, Rasas, Sejjhais, and Chopais, descriptive of the lives, or com- posed in honour, of Jaina saints, and a small number of Brahmanical works 1 26 Collection and Preservation of the referring to the Alankarasastra and poetry. A few rare books, however, occur also, as, for instance, the Magadhi Sitacharitra and the Prabhavaka- charitra. The latter is a continuation of Hemachandra's Parisishtaparvan of the Trishashtisalakapurushacharitra. It is of great importance, as it contains the lives of the Jaina teachers and theological writers, who lived after Vajrasvamin, down to the twelfth century. A Bhuj collection, which belongs to Bhattarakji Jivankul, is nearly as large as the Ahmedabad Bhandar, and much of the same character. The number of manuscripts is 614, which are divided among 41 pothis. Among the Jaina books there is a very rare copy of the Mahanisithasutra with a Taba or interlinear Gujarati version. Hitherto no other copy of this Sutra has become known, which contains anything but the bare text. The library contains also numerous works on Alankara, some of which are little known; and a large amount of Kachhi-Gujarati poetry. During my stay in Bhuj, His Highness the Rao also was good enough to allow me to inspect his library, which contains a few rare works, of which copies were obtained some years ago. The most important results are, however, furnished by the opening of the Bhandars at Pathan in the Gaikvad's territory, the ancient Anhilvad. This town is still, as in the eleventh and twelfth centuries of our era, the true centre of Jainism in Gujarat. It is inhabited by a larger number of Sravakas than Ahmedabad, Vadhvan, or Cambay. Its religious institutions, especially the Upaorayas or Upasrayas, which are the places of resi- dence for the Yatis, are likewise very numerous. It is a general rule that every Upasraya contains, at least, some books, and that the older the establishment, the larger and the more valuable the library. As Pathan possesses more than a dozen Upasrayas, and some of these date from the times of the Chalukya kings, it may easily be imagined how great the quantity of the manuscripts amassed is. Among all these libraries, the so-called Bhandar of Hemacharya, which was first discovered by Colonel Tod, and which is usually called the Pathan Bhandar, surpasses all the rest in importance and extent. Colonel Tod* has given a graphic description of the manner in which the Yati in his service obtained admission to it. Since his time, only one other European, Mr. Kinloch Forbes, has obtained books from it. He saw its list, and his assistant, Kavi Dalpatram Dhaya- bhai, who is now employed in the Educational Department, was allowed to * Travels in Western India, p. 2jj seq ■ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 127 take out Hemachandra's Dvyasrayakosha. My own attempts to enter the Pathan Bhiindars were beg^n in November 1873, when the shortness of my stay of thirty-six hours in the town prevented my effecting anything, though Colonel Phayre had kindly procured for me letters to the Gaikvadi officials. In March last, when returning from a tour to fdar, Palanpur, and Disa, I resolved to make another attempt. Sir Lewis Pelly was good enough to give me another letter to the Suba of the Uttar Mahals. On my arrival in Pathan, the Sir Siiba was absent on duty in Baroda. But I found in the Sir Faujdar (now Naib Suba), Mr. Miilchand Makandas, a most efficient helper. After endless conferences with the Nagarseth and the Panch, under whose control all the libraries are, he prevailed upon them to admit me to some of the Bhandars. The first which I saw was the Pophliapadano Bhandar,* established by Rupavijayasuri of Ahmedabad. It contains four large boxes, three of which are filled with paper manu- scripts, while the fourth contains also some palm-leaf manuscripts. The number of manuscripts is between four to five hundred. There is no general catalogue, but in each dabada a list of the contents is found. Among the paper manuscript I found only one novelty, the Titthogaliu Sutra. The palm-leaf manuscripts, part of which, to judge from their shape, seem to have come from Cambay, contain : — (a) Religious works ; Uttaradhyayana with Santi's vritti, fols. 428 ; Avasyakasutra with a Pithika for the use of Harshakirttigani, dated Sarnvat 1391, fols. 63 ; Pachchakkhananiryukti, fols. 136; Pravachanasaroddhara, fols. 253; Jitakalpachiirni, fols. 108; Upamitibhavaprapaiicha, dated Sarnvat 1261 ; Sardhasatakavritti, fols. 208; (bj A collection of legends in Magadhi, fols. 208, dated Sarnvat 1398; fcj Two manuscripts of the Taddhitaprakarana of Hemachandra's Sabdanusasana, fols. 151 and fols. 365, the latter dated Sarnvat 1297; A copy of the same author's Alankarachudamani, fols. 252, dated Sanivat 1393. The second library which I visited was that called Bhabhanapadano Bhandar, which is preserved in the Upasraya of the Vimalagachchha. It consists of 27 dabadas, containing upwards of 300 paper manuscripts, and has a general catalogue. Its contents are not very important. I noted, however, a new Sutra called the Jamali, of which a copy has been made, * Most Bhandars are called according to the Pado in which they are situated. A Pado is what in Ahmedabad and elsewhere is called a Pol, a street, or a net-work of lanes which can be closed by gates, i. e-, a ward. 1 28 Collection and Preservation of the and a copy of a portion of the Nyayakandali,* and the commentary on the latter [work (fols. 124). The first copy of this ancient book on Nyaya was found in Jesalmir. A third collection, called the Sangliavinapadano Bhandar, was so far opened that the list was sent to me for inspection, as well as such books as I selected for copying. This library is much more important than the two preceding ones. It contains three boxes with nearly five hundred manuscripts, all of which are written on palm-leaves. Its catalogue is, unfortunately, not accurate, and it is necessary to make anew one, in order to obtain a full knowledge of its contents. Among the books which were sent to me for inspection was a copy of the Naishadhi'ya (called in the catalogue, erroneously, Sasankakirtana), dated Sarnvat 1304 ; a copy of a new play by Ramachandra, a pupil of Hemachandra, entitled Raghu- vilapa ; and large pieces of a Prakriya based on Jinendra's grammar, a work which is also procurable in Southern India. The old catalogue enumerates, besides a complete collection of the Jaina Agamas, their Bhashyas, Churnis, and Vrittis, several of the rare works first discovered in Jesalmir. Among these are the Nyayakandali and the Gaudavadha, the historical Prakrit poem on the defeat of the king of Cauda by Yasovarman of Kanoj. A trained Sastri is now engaged in making a new catalogue of the library, and several of its rare works are being copied. The Seth, in whose possession it is, has expressed and proved his willingness to allow the books to be used for copying or collating in Pathan. These were all the results which I obtained on my visit in March. As the Sripuj of the Khartaragachha, who, together with the Panch, is the keeper of Hemachandra's Bhandar, was absent on a tour in Rajputana, it was necessary to defer the attempts to open this library until later. In May, I received letters from the Sir Snba, and from my agent, stating that the Sripuj had come back and had agreed to shew me his books. I accordingly made, on May i6th, a second journey to Pathan, which a sand-storm and several thunder-storms that surprised me in the open field made anything but a pleasure trip. On my arrival, the Sripuj seemed to have changed his mind. He at first tried to put me off by shewing me one kothali, or bagful, of dilapidated paper manuscripts. On being pressed further, he produced, one after another, six more such kothalis, which con- tained altogether between 600 and 700 manuscripts. He then solemnly * Gunapadartha, fols. 3. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 129 assured me that this was all he had — an asseveration which I refused to accept as true. As my annual report was nearly due, I had, though with great reluc- tance, to return a second time re infectd. My disappointment was not much moderated by the discovery of a few rare works in the collection which the Sripuj shewed me, and by my admission to a fourth minor Bhandar. The former were a volume of elegant extracts from Prakrit poems, with a Sanskrit translation by Jayavallabha, entitled Prakritasu- bhashitavali ; the life of a king who favoured the Jainas, Manipatimahasa- mantacharita ; a new commentary on the Paribhashas ; the portion of Hemachandra's supplementary dictionary giving the names of various kinds of grain, Nighantuseshadhanyakanda ; * and a new Prakirnaka, or detached treatise on Gachhachara, with a Sanskrit commentary. Hardly, however, had I come back to Surat, when the incessant exertions of the Gaikvadi officials, combined with those of my agent and of a few friendly members of the Panch, caused another change in the Sri- puj's disposition. He suddenly wrote to me stating that he would shew me the old Bhandar, and took the Vahivatdar and my agent to see it. According to the report of the latter, it contains forty boxes filled with manuscripts, while the Sripuj mentions twenty-five in his letter. It is still asserted that there is no catalogue, though in Tod's and Forbes' time there was one. This circumstance is suspicious. The season, and my pro- posed tour to the North of India, made it impossible for me to personally follow up the success gained. I have despatched another Sastrl, too-ether with two writers, to Pathan, in order to make new catalogues of Hema- charya's and of the Sanghavinapada Bhandars, and to copy such manu- scripts as I have already selected, and may still select. Together with the last news regarding Hemacharya's Bhandar, I re- ceived the catalogue of that belonging to the Tapagachha of Pathan. This collection also is very extensive and important. It contains 80 dabadas with upwards of 1,200 manuscripts, among which there are a o-oodly number of novelties, and apparently some new historical works. I belive that, though a good deal is still to be done, the battle is won, and I trust that in my next report I shall be able to complete the account of the Pathan Bhandars. * Hemachandra wrote, besides the Abhidhanachinlamaniand Anekanhasan-o-raha, a number of Seshas, one of which, giving the names of trees (Vanaspati), I found in Satara in 1866. The late Dr. Bhau Daji mentioned to me another, enumerating- the precious stones. I 130 Collection and Preservation of the 3. Several among the Brahmanical manuscripts purchased deserve spe- cial notice. No. 6, the Bharatatnahjari, is a poetical epitome of the Maha- bharata. It closely follows the divisions of its original, and is divided into the same number of Parvans. Its metre is the Anushtubh sloka. The author, Kshemendra, appears to be the poet who wrote the epitome of the Vrihatkatha of Gunadhya, as his surname, Vyasapada, shews that he was a Bhagavata. The manuscript was acquired in Bhilj. It is about three hundred years old, and tolerably correct. No. 16, the Naishadh'iyadipika, is one of the oldest commentaries on Sriharsha's epic which has become known. Its author, Chandupandita, the son of Aliga, was a Nagara Brahman of Dholka near Ahmedabad. He states that he composed poetry, officiated as priest at many great sac- rifices, studied Sankhya philosophy, and wrote a commentary on the Rig- veda. His teachers were Vaidyanatha and Narasinha. The Naishadha he learned from one Munideva, apparently a Jaina Yati. He asserts that before his time only one commentary on the Naishadha existed, composed by Vidyadhara [alias Sahityavidyadhara, alias Charitravardhanamuni), of which I have found fragments in Ahmedabad and in Jesalmir. He partly confirms the story of the Jaina author, Rajasekhara, who places Sriharsha under Jayantachandra, or Jayachandra, of Kanoj, in the end of the twelfth century. He also calls the Naishadhiya " navam kavyam" a modern poem. Chandupandita gives as the date of his own work the 15th day of Suklapaksha Bhadrapada of the year 1513, according to Vikrama's era, or 1456 A.D. When he wrote, Sanga was chief of Dholka, and Madhava his minister. Chandii's younger brother, Talhana, revised and corrected the book. The manuscript bears two dates, 1473 (at the end of canto XXII) and 1476 (at the end of canto II), and con- sists of four pieces, which, however, have been written by the same writer, a Vaidya called Narayaiia, the son of Bhabhala. The dates refer, no doubt, to the Saka era. I received the manuscript from Gandevi in the Gaikvad's territory. No. 17, the Yudhishthiravijaya, or "Victory of Yudhishthira," is an- other novelty. It belongs to the numerous compositions which are based on legends taken from the Mahabharata. It contains eight Asvasas. The end of the first canto is gone. The second contains " the sports of Krishna and Arjuna" (Krishnarjunaviharavarnana) ; the third,"the departure to the forest" (vanavasagamana) ; the fourth, " the battle between the Kirata and Arjuna" (kiratarjunayuddhavarnana) ; the fifth, " the death of Kichaka" (Ki'cha- Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 1 3 1 kavadha) ; the sixth, " the peace-proposals" (Samavarnana) ; the seventh, "the defeat of the Kauravas;" and the eighth, "the victory of Yudhishthira over Duryodhana." The work is written in the Aryagiti metre, and each half verse is adorned with a Yamaka, or rhyme of four syllables. Its literary value is about the same as that of the Nalodaya. Its author is not named. One of my Sastn's told me that he had heard it mentioned by his teacher as an old and rare work. No. 18, iheRdjavinoda, "Amusement of the King," or Jarabakshapa- tasahi'srl'mahamudasuratranacharita. "The life of Sultan Mahmud" (Bega- dha of Ahmedabad), by Udayaraja, is quite a literary curiosity. The author, who declares himself to be the son of Prayagadasa, and the pupil of Ramadasa, celebrates Mahmud, popularly reputed to have been the most violent persecutor of Hindus and Hinduism, as if he were an orthodox Hindu king. He calls him "the crest jewel of the royal race" (rajanyachu- damani) as if he were a Kshatriya, and he asserts that Sri and Sarasvati attend on his footsteps, that he surpasses Karna in liberality, and that his ancestor, Muzaffar Khan, assisted Krishna against Kali. The Charita is divided into seven Sargas. The first (slokas 29), entitled "Surendra's and Sarasvatl's colloquy" (Surendrasarasvatisamvada), is introductory, and relates how Brahma sent Indra to look after Sarasvati, and found her in the halls of Mahmud Shah, and how she sang the praises of Mahmud. The second (varisanukirtana, slokas 31) gives the genealogy of Mahmud, beginning with Muzaffar Khan. The statements made appear to be historically correct. The third (sabhasamagama, slokas 33) describes Mahmud's entry into the durbar-hall. The fourth (sarvasara, slokas 33) relates what princes and people were received in durbar. The fifth (sangitarangaprasanga, slokas 35) describes a Nach given by the Sultan. The sixth (vijayayatrotsava, slokas~36) and the seventh (vijayalakshmilabha, slokas 37) are devoted to a rhapsodic description of Mahmud's warlike exploits. The frequent al- lusions to the Padishah's liberality make it probable that the author either had received, or hoped to receive, dakshina from him. No. 26, the Dharmapradipa, is not identical with the Bhojasmriti, stated to be one of the works of Dhara. It was written at the order of Bhoja, the son of Bharamalla, who ruled over Kachh some centuries ago. This king is the same to whom the Bhojavyakarana of Vinayasagara, which occurs in my catalogue of manuscripts from Gujarat, is dedicated. The Dharmpradipa treats of Achara, or the rule of conduct only. The manuscript comes from Kachh. 132 Collection and Preservation of the No. 27, the Naradastnritibhashya of Kalyattabhatfa, is the most important acquisition of the year among the works on Dharma. It gives a full explanation of the first eight Adhyayas of the Smriti, and helps greatly to settle the text of this interesting but difficult law-book, of which very few copies are procurable. Kalyana says in the introductory verses that his work is based on an older but corrupt commentary.* The manuscript has been written in Benares, and has been procured from the library of the Raja of Bundi, through the kind offices of the Political Assistant in charge of Haraoti. Nos. 29 and 30. — These two copies of the old Dharmasvtra of Vasishtha are complete and very correct. The first was presented to me by Professor Balasastrin of Benares College, and the second by Damodara- sastrin of Bhuj. Like all similar presents, I accepted them for Govern- ment. No. 36 is a large fragment of the ancient Grtro'/'i'«;«/i/i'a first discovered by Dr. Kern, and described in the preface to his edition of the Varahi- sarnhita. No. 37, the Paiichasiddliantika of Varahamihira, is one of those rare works which have been sought after for a long time. The copy which I have procured is a transcript made from a manuscript belonging to Sadarama Joshi of Sojitra, who was good enough to lend me his copy for some time. The original is unfortunately so incorrect that it is hardly possible even to make out the general drift. The work is a karana, which gives the substance of five older works, the Siddhantas ascribed to Paulisa, Romaka, Vasishtha, Surya, and Pitamaha. It is written in the Arya metre, and contains, I suppose, 18 Adhyayas. The first, called Karanavatara (slokas 25), contains the well-known verses giving the details about the older Siddhantas (verses 2 to 4), and the date Saka 427, which forms the base of the subsequent calculations (verse 8). Next follow 83 verses, which are not divided into Adhyayas, but at the end of which are placed the words Chandragrahanarn shashtho 'dhyayah. Eclipses of the moon, Adhyaya VI. The following Adhyayas appear to be in good order : they are — Adhyaya VII, on eclipses of the sun, according to Paulisa, iti paulisasid- dhante ravigrahanam saptamo 'dhyayah (slokas 6) : Adhyaya VIII, on * Drishtva sahayarachitam n aradabbashyam kulckhakapabhrashtam kalyanena kriyate — praktanam eva tad visodhya punah. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 133 eclipses of the sun, according to Romaka, iti romakasiddhante 'rkagrahanam ashtamo 'dhyayah (slokas 18) ; Adhyaya IX, on eclipses of the sun, ac- cording to Surya, siddhante 'rkagranahama (?) navamo 'dhyayah (slokas 22); Adhyaya X, on eclipses of the moon, chandragrahane dasamo 'dhyayah (slokas 7) ; Adhyaya XI, Avarnanatyekadaso 'dhyayah (?) (slokas 6); Adhyaya XII, on lunar and solar years according to Pitamaha, iti pitamaha- siddhante dvadaso 'dhyayah (slokas 5) ; Adhyaya XIII, on the order of the universe, trailokyasarnsthananama trayodaso 'dhyayah (slokas 40). In this chapter occurs^ verse 6, the refutation of the opinion of those who hold that the earth moves : Bhramati bhramasthiteva kshitir ity apare vadanti nodugariah — Yady evam syenadya na khat punah svanilayam upeyuh. " Others contend that the earth, standing as if in an eddy, turns round, not the crowd of the stars. If that were the case, falcons and other birds could not return from the sky to their nests." Adhyaya XIV describes the chhedyakayantras (slokas 58) . Adhyaya XV is called Jyotishopanishad (verse 13). Adhyaya XVI contains the correction of the position of the stars and planets, taragrahasphutikaranani shodasho 'dhyayah (slokas 28). After that follow seventy-eight slokas without any division, and the con- clusion of the whole is, ityacharyavarahamihirakritayam paiichasiddhan- tika samapta {sic). Sadarama Joshi states that he obtained his manuscript from Benares, and that better copies and a commentary are to be had there. No. 38 is a manual for indigenous schoolmasters. Its author, Kshe- mendra, was the son of Bhudhara, a Nagara Brahman of Rajanagara, and wrote his treatise by order of Sankaralala, Chief of Pitlad (Pedlad^ manuscript). No. 39 is a letter-writer, giving the proper formulas for addressing persons of all ranks. 5. Among the Jaina books, two deserve special notice. The first is the nearly complete copy of the Trishashtisalakapurushacharita (bought in Bhuj), which contains also the life of Mahavira^ the reputed founder of Jainism. It gives a great many hitherto unknown details regarding the saint's life. The second remarkable acquisition is the old copy of the Paialachhinamamala. This manuscript is correct aud accurate. I have already published a note regarding it in the Indian Antiquary, and have shewn that the author's name was Dhanapala. An edition of the book has 134 Collection and Preservation of the been prepared. I shall print it as well as Hemachandra's Desikosha, as soon as I find a little of that leisure and quiet which are absolutely neces- sary for serious work of the kind. 6. During 1874-75, as in former years, manuscripts have been furnished to various Indian and European scholars, partly such as belong to Govern- ment^ and partly such as could be borrowed from owners of private libraries. Professor Kielhorn has received copies of the Vakyapadi'ya, Manduki, and Naradiya Sikshas, as well as some less important works of the same description ; Mr. Sankar P. Pandit, copies of the Bharatasastra, the Setubandha (acquired last year), and of a commentary on the Vikramor\'asi ; Mr. Kasinath T. Telang, several copies of the Mudrarakshasa ; Professor Thibaut, at Benares, a copy of the Manavasulvasutra ; Professor Bala- sastrin, in Benares^ copies of the last two Adhyayas of the Kasika ; Babu Rajendralala Mitra, in Calcutta, copies of Sayana's Aitareyaranyakabha- shya and of Saunaka's Vrihaddevata ; Professor Aufrecht, copies of Trivik- rama's Nalachampu ; Professor Eggeling, of London, a copy of the Gana- ratnamahodadhi ; Professor Weber, of Berlin, a copy of Hala's Saptasati ; Professor Goldschmidt, in Strassburg, a copy of the Setubandha. Various other demands of European scholars will be satisfied shortly. I have also, in accordance with the permission granted to me by Government in 1872, bought about fifty manuscripts of works already represented in our collection for the Prussian Government. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 135 .!§= li^ !^ S "^ .. ^ s Sj S)~-2 3 0- . . . E ' - - « J J.J c ca 1 c "^ u — — sf. in • ■ 10 a. ^ . .0 vc u : : »)- . 10 : CO Z ; 00 : i~~ ; ca ca j;;- to < ^CTj ^C/5 CO « _ „ 10 l-OM/IO-^CNCN- C-5 1 c ci -t- „ ~ IC fs -1- t-O - C CO -- UO c^ : o\ ^ cj 01 t^ ri ►- '^ N ^ ^ Dh ca « ■a ir a. 2 la 1 . rt • : a: c > : : ca • : . rt . • : ta : •■ : ^- : rt ::=■::: c- : < la -a -0 -3 •a c V- ca -3 3 SI ^(72 t/) ■ ■ "0 • ca • • • --n ^ u . 3 . n! ca -^ >, i4 03 .-] u ■ ■ ' rS ' ' ' a s "S '0 c _o c ■ c • -i: 3 . . . . E . . . . . . . c3 . . . =" _o J ■ ■ n t D- Ul ^ -T3 ca P z "i 5 s ■/'. M C ■ .5 " ca >. ca c > "^ 2 i?-«.M^ PI pi •73 h ^ £ ci- a. ca tn 5 a 1. g a. 'S'— ^ > . fa — 3 rt rt ta > o< .y ca ca K .; c ca ^ ■-^x:j:3ca,>, 2 ^-acacacaj=c2 -S ^ >>'^ 5 J! -re .Z, >. >,>,o 5 L. ^.^ -o ^ vn: -n: ca s^ cccacaca3-3ca 3 So Z 2 " ca "'rac5> <<:^^:^QQZ > z. « C-l Cy -r). 10 \0 r^co Q^ - ^ ri CO -J- t/-vO t^ 136 Collection and Preservation of the ii p « E - U - ' - ' ' '- = = . j^ >, cu CL if : : : :oo « : 00 u CO ^ : : : : f^ a.00 • 0) < Z z m oo c^ t^ CTi CnOOI/^C^O-i^Oco M 10 3 \ •-< HH M t-l H- HH »-. ^ HH I-* ^ Lj CO - •- c; r^ 10 C to -• r^O •+ ^ -0 CO to M LO c^ c^ CN 10 CA c\ c^ CO N VD ►-. COM3 0- c rt rt nl J;^ rt S j: rt ^. .^ 1 ■ ■ ■ -^ rt « • ra XI : « E < •art 3 ivakara isvanatha itthala . hojadeva alyanabh rivikrama asishtha 2 •a C3 > •a rt a. ||.E re rt > P> a4^b^> > < «^ 3 c ■^ Y 1 'B Q 5 s^ c St 1 ■*; ■^ u! -S ^ '1 P3 "2 5 g -n H 5 5' -« g § .1.1 t ' ' . >, > 1 < z -< ■« '^^ E.i g irka kaumudi mandapasidd mandapavivr; apradipa ityadharmasa thapaddhati Ihasmriti nl >> 5 0! s 0: 1 1. ri -3 ■a nj c g XI p. ?r,3 3 ■"• ;« ^ _i; ^.^.4 E I^ "3 -5 J ^' E' ^' - b rt "=^ "i' 2, E -a T3 *n: nl ^ > u333^raSn3 rt rt oj ij tj oio; UQ < i-i t^ ^i: Q z a. > > ZDi>> CO Oi " CI ro -^ 100 r^cc 00^ COTt-m NMNPINMNN CO CO CO CO CO CO ic Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 137 ^ bi) t/i .E a c 1 *« % (£.£ I ■ 11 V £ > . >> a. c \o — % ' :; 5 :\D 10 : ■ ? Z Z 00 10 00 CO C 00 c-^ro M ^ „ lo U-) coco o> C\ CO 0\ « ,- r^ N LO 't 10 CO C n- ^ >0 CO t^ -* N U-, UO - c^ Gi rt E ■ -w '2 : ' ' nj nl 2 ; •a c E : '£ 'O "5 : g 1 XI : 3 "I 2II 2 C ni •u ■ '^3 a. Si la>n! ^ Isei rt" E a c ■a rt n! QJ j: o> K^ >.I2 ■" > I -^ Q m f^ —^ .■y ■ X d -s ^ bj tfi ^d s nl c^ .2, '3" 1 s ■2 !4 a. Z S ^ • ■a -^ •St 6 2 §1 •-J 3 S s 3 c/5 'a^ s j2 ^ II f s ^l-s g .1 u 3 t/5 ^ -a c lil g Jamalisutra (M. Tattvarthavritti; Brihachchhantil Yogasastra with •n! •« u ni n) -1 -^ ■5 c Q. -3 g ^ — E.S-E -re b/)'» c =,c '^ s ^ -, 3 3_rt il CO- '►J J >^ > H Qi s^ ~ 'H 5 c2 a. 23 1 VO t-. CO o\ - N CO 5^ f^ CO o\ " M CO^ CO CO CO CO ■*^Tt- ^ 'I- •5}- -* 'J- 10 10 10 »o 10 1 38 Collection and Preservation of the From J. Geoghegan, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Depart- ment, to C. GoNNE, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — No. 2333, dated Simla, the 17th May 1869. I am directed to request that, with the permission of His Excellency the Governor in Council, the accompanying printed list of books in the library of the late Raja of Tanjore may be forwarded to Professor Biihler, and that he may be asked to favour the Governor-General in Council with his opinion, at an early date, as to the propriety of purchasing the Sanskrit portion of the works enumerated therein, or any portion thereof. From F. S. Chapman, Esq., Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 1851, dated the 4th August 1869. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Under-Secretary Geoghegan's letter No. 2333, dated the 17th May last, and in reply to forward herewith copy of one, dated the 26th ultimo, from Professor Biihler, and of its accompaniment, containing his opinion on the propriety of purchasing the Sanskrit portion of the works enumerated in the printed list, which accompanied Mr. Geoghegan's letter, of the books in the library of the late Raja of Tanjore. 2. In returning the printed list, I am directed to state that Mr. Geoghegan's letter was misdirected to England, and was not received here till the i6th ultimo; hence the delay which has taken place in replying to it. From G. BiiHLER, Esq., Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — dated Sural, the 26th July 1869. In reply to Government Resolution No. 1692 of the 19th instant, I have the honour to submit the following remarks. 2. On examining the list of the Sanskrit manuscripts which belonged to the late Raja of Tanjore, I find that it contains a great many useful, and a number of very rare, or yiearly unique, books (vide the annexed list). I am therefore of opinion that it would be in the interest of Sanskrit philology if the Government of India decided to buy the whole collection, with exception of the portions headed in the catalogue — Stotras, pages 14 to 17 and page 44; Extracts from Aksharakaiida, page 17. Should this be impossible, I beg strongly to recommend that at least the works Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 139 contained in the list may be bought, many of which are quite unknoiun, or procurable only with great trouble and expense {vide remarks in the list). Dharmasiisira, or Hindu Law. Subodhini . . . . . . .\ Kaulahimadri A complete copy of Himadri's writ- Vratahimadri ings like this is very rare, and Daiiahimadri ) worth Rs. 4 to 6 per i,oooslokas, ac- Santihimadri I cording to the age of the manu- Sraddhahimadri j scripts. Prayaschittahimadri ...... Madhavavyavaharakanda. Smritichandrikasanskarakanda . . .| Smritichandrikavyavaharakanda . . A ^^^ obtainable in the Bombay Press. Smritichandrikasraddhakanda . . . j Gotrapravaranirnaya . . . . ./ Madanaratna. Nirnayamrita. Sarvasmritisangraha. Vyavahararthasmritisarasamuchchaya. Visvesvarasmriti. Dattanirnaya Rare. Apastambasiitra, Commentary by Ujjvala . Rare. Smritisindhu. Gautamadharma. Pravaradipika. Pravaramaiijari. Manvarthachandrika Rare. Pulastyasmriti. Manusmrititika. Vriddhayamasmriti . . . . ^. • If really Vriddhayama, unique. V'riddhasankhasmriti If really V.iddhasankha, unique. Visvamitrasmriti ...... Rare. Kaushitakigfihyasutra. Vasishthasmriti " complete, very rare. Dattamaiijari. Vy avah araprak asak a iida. Kamandakiniti. Gobhilagrihyabhashya Rare. . , , , (' This must be Apastamba's Gri- Asvalayanagnhyabhasnya . • . -X , , . , ,, 1 ., . <- . . < hyasutra, with Haradattas Com- Asvalayanagrihyavritti / ■^ V. mentary, very rare. I40 Collection and Preservation of the Tarkasiisti-a, or Logic. Vyaptikhancia, Gadadhan Upadhivada ....... Bhuyodarsanavada ...... Siddhantalakshana ...... Chaturdasalakshani ...... Pakshatavada ....... Paramarsavada ...... Hetvabhasa ....... Samanyabhavasadhana . . . . . Vyadhikaranadharmavachchhinnabhava . Avayavavada ....... Sangatyanumiti Avachchedakatvaniruktiliiigakaranatavada Piirvapakshavyapti ..... Gadadhari Sabdakhanda ..... Pramanyavada ...... Vyutpattivada . Vyaptigrahopayatippana. Vyiikarartashtra, or Grammar. Paribhashavrittivyakhyana. Vyakaranasutravyakhyamahabhashya Mahabhashyavyakhya ..... Kaiyatatika Kasika Vrittih. Commentary on the Kasika Vrittili.Padamaiijari. Paribhashabhaskara. Paribhashavritti. A complete Gadadliarf is rare, and worth Rs. 3 to 4 per 1,000 slokas. If complete, a good manuscript is worth Rs. 150. Ditto. Ditto. Mimdtjsdsustra, or Rules by which Vedic Texts are expounded. Tantravarttika ....... Rare. Tantralika. Purdnas, or Sacred History of the Hindu Gods, (Sfc. Bhavishyapurana ...... Very rare. Vamanapurana. Agneyapurai.ia If a good copy, very useful; now required by the Asiatic Society of A . , , Bengal, sambapurana. ° Adityapurana ....... Rare. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 141 Puranas, or Sacred History of the Hindu Cods — concld. BViaratasubodhini. Bharatadharmarthadipika .... Rare. Bharataiikutachandrika ..... Rare. Bharataratnavali, by Anandapurnamunindra. Commentary on the Mahabharata, by Para- manandabhattacharya. Commentary on the Mahabharata, by Vimala- bodha. Sangitasastra, or Science of Music. Bharatasastra, by Raghunathaprasada. Bharatasastra, by Nandakesvara. Kavya, or Poetry and the Drama. Commentary on Magha, by Vardhamana- Not heard of before. charya. Commentary on Naishadhacharitra, by Malli- Very rare, and much wanted. natha. Commentary on Kumarasambhava, by Nara- hari. Vikramasanachampu . PatahjaUtacharitra Very rare. Commentary on ditto. Sankaracharyacharita. Sivarajacharitra. Commentary on Meghasandesa. Brihatkathamaiijari. Sasharya. Mayurasataka. Commentary on the Mayurasataka. Commentary on the Amarusataka. Pannalavarnana. Bhunsalavansavali. Chanakyavarnana. Sahaiijirajachurnika. Kamandakani'tisara. Paiichatantra. Sphutasloka. Commentary on the Mudrarakshasanataka . Rare. Commentary on the Malatimadhavaprakarana Rare. Naganandanataka ...... Rare. 142 Collection mid Preservation of the Kavya, or Poetry and ihe Drama — concld. Chandakausikanataka ..... Rare. Commentary on the Malavikagnimitra . . Unique. Ratnavalinalika. Dhananjayavilasa. Sarasvatikanlhabharana. Jyotisha, or Astrology. Somasiddhata ...... If real, unique. Veddnta. Gaudapadi'yali'ka. Varttikabhashya. Bhagavadgitavyakhyana, by Madhusiidana. Ditto, by Sankaracharya. Ditto, by Anandagiri. Bhagavadgita, Brahm5nandagiri. Srauta, or Religious Observances, Sulvasutravyakhyana. Kapurthyabhasliya ..... Rare. Paribhashasutravyakhyana. Vedas. Niruktabh.ishya Rare. Nighanlubhashya ...... Very rare. Atharvanavedasamhita. Atharvanabrahmana Kare. Kathakabrahmana Rare. Yajurvedabhashya T^'s commentary is new to me- Samhitopanishad ...... Tandyabrahmanapaiichapaiicliaka. Shadvinsabrahmana. Samavidhanabrahmana. Daivatadhyaya. Shadvinsabrahmana. Pushpasiitra. Samasrautabaudhayanasutra. Nighantu, or Dictionaries. Amaravyakhana, or Commentary on the Ama- New to me. rakosha, by Sarvananda. Vaijayanti Panchanananighantusara Saiijivaninighantu Padasaiigrahanighantu Durghatanighantu Very rare. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. H3 N-ighaniu, or Dictionaries — concld Kalayudhanighantu . . . . . .\ Bhojanighantu ..... Indranighantu Nanarthasabdanusasana .... Mayuranighantu . . . , , Vakyanikayanighantu .... Tririipakosha ...... Dasadipanighantu ..... Dasanirnaya ...... Linganirnayanighanlu ( Very rare. Jaimininighantu ..... Shanmukhanighantu .... Agastyanighantu ..... Vikramanighantu. Kavj'asanjivini ...... Dharmarajanighantu .... Murarinighantu ..... Bhuvanapradipa . . . . . . / Bh argavan igha iitu . Sabdachandrika Gai.iamanjari. Sanatkumariya. Dharmasastra, or Hindu Law. Vyavaharamanjari. Bodhayanagrihyasiitra .... Bodhayanadharmasutravyakhyaiia . Gautamadharmavyakhyana. Mitakshara. Bharadvajasutravyakhyana, Sraddhakanda Rajadharmasarasangraha Bharadvajasmriti. Manusmritivyakhananandini. Bhargavasmriti ..... Vriddhatrayasmriti ...... If real, unique Sarvabhaumasmriti. Sabdasdsfra, or Etyviology. Padamaiijari, Vyakhj'anamanjarimakaranda. '\ Bhandirabhashabhiishana . . . . > New to me. Bhandirabhashavyakarana . . . .} Prakritavyakaranavyakhana, Prakritamaiijari, by Katyaj'ana, Unadidipika. Rare. If real, unique. I want it very much. Rare. Rare. Rare. 144 Collection and Preservation of the MimansaSastra. Rat.iaka Very rare. VaidyaSastra, or Medical Science. Asvisastra. SilpaSasira, or Architecture. Vimanavidya \ Visvkarmi'ya . . . . . . .1 Sangitasastra, or Musical Science, on Cadjans. Bharatiyanatyalakshana ..... Bharatiyanatyalakshana, Abhinaya . Mulabharata / Nearly all new to me. Vedas on Cadjans. Samhitabhashya New. Parakshudrabhashya ..... New. Kathakabhashya If real, unique. Arunabhashya New. Mantraprasnabhashya. Chaturvinsatisutra New. Prakritarigbhashya Unique. Prakritakulachara ...... Very rare. Pratiharasutra. Kalpasutra. Upagranthasutra. Kalpasutrabhashya. Pratiharadasavidhanyayavyakhyana. Kavya on Cadjans. Gudhachintamani. Sahasrankacharitra New, and probably very important. Achyutaramabhyudaya. Sriharshacharitra . . . f Very rare; only four incomplete copies , . . . .^ known. Vasucnaritrachampu. Viranarayanacharitra. Sailendravilasa. Prakritasetukavya. Prakritasaptasi'ti. Prakritasataka. G. BUHLER, Acting Educational Inspector, Northern Division. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 145 P.S. — To these may be added the whole division entitled — Madhvasastra, or Treatises of the Madhavas, pages 33 to 35. The Madhavas are most unwilling to shew or sell their books, and I do not think it will be often that so fine a collection of their works is for sale. From the Hon'ble W. Hudleston, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, to A. C. Lyall, Esq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 263, dated Ootacamund, the 25th August 1873. Adverting to your Officiating Under-Secretary's letter, dated the 7th July 1873, No. 2248, and the correspondence to which it refers, I am directed to transmit, for the information of the Government of India, copy of the Proceedings of this Government of this date, No. 262, which em- bodies a letter from Mr. Burnell, reporting on the progress made by him with the Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts of the Library of the late Raja of Tanjore. Extract front the Proceedings of the Government of Madras in the Educational Depart- ment, — No. 262, dated the 24th August iSyj. Read the following — From A. C. Burnell, Esq., to the Hon'ble W. Hudleston, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, — dated Bangalore, the 6th August 1873. With reference to the memorandum, dated 7th July 1873, from the Under-Secretary (Home Department) to the Government of India, I have the honour to state as follows, what I have done in regard to the Sanskrit manuscripts of the Palace Library at Tanjore. As the Madras Govern- ment had not required me to report further than I had already done on occasions, I misunderstood the Proceedings of February nth, 1873, ^^ referring to the completion of my catalogue, and therefore did not reply. 2. I v^'as appointed to this work in March 187 1 by His Excellency Lord Napier. The little information I could procure Educational Department, i6th ^t Madras about the Library, and my own March 1871, No. 33. -^ ■' impressions left by having seen (for a few minutes only) part at Tanjore in 1866, made me estimate the total num- ber of manuscripts at not more than 1,200, and I thus concluded that a month or six weeks would suffice ; but on my commencing the work (March 24th, 1871) at Tanjore, I found that I had been entirely misled K 146 Collection and Preservation of the and that the total number of manuscripts amounted to upwards of 18,000, and these in eleven distinct alphabets, being Educational Department, 24th f^om all parts of India. It was thus obvious August 1871, No. 01. ' . 1 , , . that a much longer time was required, and this was granted by the Government. 3. It was entirely left to me to do what I thought fit in respect of these manuscripts ; and as I soon ascertained the collection to be perhaps the largest and most important in the world, I suggested (as one did not exist) the preparation of a regular catalogue, which was approved. I began by examining each manuscript, separately numbering it, and then entering its description and contents on a slip of paper. As the work progressed, these slips were sorted, and all referring to one class of litera- ture put together, and then, after a fresh comparison of the several manu- scripts of one work as far as appeared necessary, the general description was drawn up. In the case of new, or of little-known and important works as yet undescribed, I have given extracts to shew the nature of the book, or to give information as to the time of its composition and the sources used by its author, and, in addition to the information given by the divi- sions of the catalogue, I have added enough to enable any person of ordinary reading to identify the work and ascertain its contents. The immense extent of the collection, and the number of manuscripts of the same book (often twenty or thirty), rendered it imperatively necessary to substitute for the plan of the catalogues published for Government at Calcutta and Bom- bay, a different one, as a catalogue of this Library compiled on that plan would extend to such a size as to be useless ; and, for the same reason, it was necessary to omit all that is already well known. A catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts is not now-a-days intended for beginners, and it is worse than useless to attempt to characterise important works in a few lines. I have, however, added references to published works. I believe that this plan was approved, and I trust that (as shewn by the specimen pages enclosed, A and B), it will now be considered sufficient. As it was at first arranged that the catalogue should be printed at the Government Press at Madras, I chose the Roman character, because the amount of Devanagari type there is very small. The selection of this character in preference to Devanagari is of no importance as far as this Presidency is concerned, as it is fast coming into use in preference to the various and complicated alphabets used in different districts. The general scheme of the catalogue is annexed (C). Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 147 4. I continued eleven months at work in Tanjore. During this time I examined myself every manuscript — some but cursorily, others in greater detail — and wrote out fair for the Press the greatest part of the catalogue. At my removal to Mangalore in February 1872, the catalogue was nearly complete ; the examination of the numerous manuscripts of the Bharata and Ramayana (on palm-leaves), and of a few palm-leaf manuscripts refer- ring to the Jyotihsastra, Sangitasastra, and Tantras, only remaining to be done. Since then I have not been able to do as much as I expected, though on the whole the work has advanced. This is owing to two causes : — (i) At first it was intended that the catalogue should be printed at Madras ; but after about forty pages had been composed, the quantity of type available of the peculiar kinds required was found to be so limited as to preclude the work being finished in a proper way. The authorities in charge of the Government Press did all they could to help ; but, as the difficulty could only be removed by the purchase of a quantity of type which would probably be in future useless, it Educational Department, 6th ^y^s determined to get it printed in Europe, December 1877, No. 15. or r > and Messrs. Austin of Hertford were selected, and an arrangement was made by me with them which obtained the ap- proval of Government. As I stated at the time, it then became necessary to get a transcript made of my fair copy. While I was at Tanjore, it was pos- sible to send (registered) to the Press at Madras portions of my original manuscript ; but I was advised by experienced persons that I could not do so with safety if the manuscript had to be sent to Europe, and my experience here has fully proved the point, for I scarcely ever receive any book-post parcel that is not wet, or much injured, and many have been lost which I have sent I have only lately been able to find a copyist, and he can work only in the morning. The first part (Vedic manu- scripts) is, however, now complete, and requires only final comparison with the original slips before it can be put into the printer's hands. The copying of the second part (Modern Sanskrit Literature) is progressing ; but it will probably take a year to finish. My original estimate was that the whole book (catalogue, introduction, and indexes) would amount to 800 pages royal octavo. My manuscript at present contains enough to fill 600 pages. If I am able (as I propose) to enter upon the question of the different recensions of the epic poems which are found in the Tanjore Library, I fear that the estimate will be exceeded to the extent of 50 to 100 pages. 148 Collection and Preservation of the There is no reason why the printing should not now commence. I have only to remind the Government that it will be necessary to provide a corrector in England, for Messrs. Austin cannot afford to send proofs out to me here. (2) The second cause of delay is the distance at which I am from Tan- jore, and the difficulty and delay of getting additional information when necessary. During my stay there, I organised a system of copying ex- tracts which I might consider necessary ; but since my arrival here, and especially of late, these copyists have become so careless as to cause me a deal of trouble. I cannot get others, or I would discharge them, and, though they are paid by piece-work, most have got advances, and yet will not even work them out. One of the best has disappeared since a year with about Rs. 15 advance, and I can learn nothing about him. The whole of my leisure time is devoted to the finishing of the cata- logue ; but, apart from hindrances already mentioned, I have not much leisure at my disposal. As the Administration Report will shew, the Dis- trict Court of South Canara is one of the heaviest, if not the heaviest, in the Presidency ; and as, since my arrival here, two out of the three subordinate Courts have been abolished, there is much more work for me to do than had to be done by my predecessors. At Tanjore I was able to devote twelve to fourteen uninterrupted hours a day to the work, as I had nothing else to do ; here I can only give one or two hours, and that subject to interruption. From the beginning, the whole of the work has been done by me. I have myself examined the original manuscripts, and made all the short extracts I required ; and both the rough and fair copy of my catalogue are in my own hands. If the time (several years) that has been taken by a scholar like Professor Aufrecht, to compile a catalogue of a library of not above i,ooo manuscripts, be considered,! think the Gov- ernment will find that I have not wasted any time. 5. It may, perhaps, be asked if the Library is worth the labour spent on it. I can answer unhesitatingly that it is. It is now a recognised fact that nearly all Sanskrit works of importance exist in different recensions. The Tanjore Library is unrivalled in this respect ; it contains several good manuscripts of all the most important ones known as yet, including a few that are new. The number of new works it contains is less than might be expected ; but I may be excused if I point out that my private labours for several years previous to 1869 are the chief cause of this. From my arri- val in India in i860 up to my departure in October 1868, I spared no trouble Records of Ancie?it Sanskrit Literature. 149 to ascertain what new Sanskrit works could be found in this Presidency, and formed a considerable library of such manuscripts. In 1870, on my return to India, I presented my collection to the India Office Library, and my discoveries thus became public property. The Tanjore Library, however, contains additional manuscripts of most of the works which I had discovered elsewhere, and this is a matter of great importance. I believe that this library must, sooner or later, escheat to the Govern- ment ; the preparation of this catalogue will therefore protect property of enormous value. Sanskrit manuscripts have long been very dear, and the cost of making proper transcripts is now very heavy. As far as I can judge, it would not be possible to form a collection like that at Tanjore at a less cost than ^^50,000 ; but many manuscripts are unquestionably unique. 6. I may add that, as the Government has expressed a wish to promote Sanskrit studies, I have already, to some extent, anticipated the publica- tion of my catalogue by procuring transcripts of manuscripts for scholars. Several have been sent to Calcutta, Bombay, and Europe ; and I often receive apphcations and requests for information which I have tried to satisfy. C. PLAN OF CATALOGUE. Part I. Vedic Literature. \. Sanihita and Brahmana — a. Rigveda Finished. b. Yajurveda (black) ...... „ c. Yajurveda (white) ...... » d. Samaveda » e. Atharvaveda ....... » IL Siitra, &c.— a. Siitra — CC and general prayogas referring to special siitras h. Prayoga — special praj'Ogas .... » III. Upanishad. IV. General Works, Vedanga, &:c. Part IL Sanslcrit Literature. \. Epic Poetry — a. I. Ramayana Partly finished. 2. Mahabharata . . . . » 150 Collection and Preservation of the b. I. Puraiias Finished. 2. Upapuraiias ...... „ II. Metaphysics — ReHgious systems of Philosophy — 1. Purvamimansa Finished. 2. Vedanta ........ „ a. Vedanta of .Sankara .... „ b. Ramanuja ...... „ c. Madhava (Anandatirtha) . . . „ d. Saivaved.inta (of Nilakantha and Apyaya) 3- Yoga „ 4. Sankhya ........ „ 5. Nyaya „ III. Dharmasastra — a. I. Original Smritis ..... „ 2. Nibandha, or digests and parts of them . „ b. Prithakpuja Partly finished. IV. Vyakarana — 1. a. School of Panini, and works relating to it Finished. b. Sarasvatavyakarana .... „ c. School of Vopadeva ..... „ 2. Prakrit Grammar „ 3. Sanskrit Treatises on Telugu Grammar . . „ V. Kosha » VI. Chhandas » VII. Artificial Poetry — a. Mahakavya Finished. b. Kavya ., VIII. Nataka IX. a. Alankarasastra. b. Kamasastra ... , X. Vaidyasastra „ XI. Jyotihsastra Not finished. XII. Sangitasastra „ XIII. Tantric literature „ The foregoing letter, together with its enclosures, will be submitted for ., , „ ^ „ ^ the information of the Govern- From Officiating Under-Secretary to Government of India, Home Department, dated i8th June ment of India, with advertence Diuo^.^' '^°' dftK iith Feb. 1873, No. 531. to the communications noted in Ditto, ditto, 7th July 1873, No. 2248. ^j^g margin. 2. The Governor in Council is of opinion that the scheme of the catalogue, and the system in which it is being prepared, are in every way suitable. The progress made is also highly satisfactory, considering the Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 151 very small amount of leisure which Mr. Burnell is now able to devote to the work. 3. As it appears that some portions are sufficiently advanced to be placed in the printers' hands, Mr. Burnell will be authorised to have a com- mencement made under the arrangement entered into with Messrs. Austin and Co. of Hertford, and also to take steps for the nomination of a cor- rector of the Press in England. 4. His Excellency in Council desires to place on record his high appre- ciation of Mr. Burnell's disinterested services. A Classified Index to the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Palace Library at Tanjore. FIRST SECTION — VEDIC LITERATURE. I. — Samhitas and Brahmanas, and Works relating to them. I. — Rigveda. Text. Edited by Dr Aufrecht (in the Roman character), and with Sayana's Commentary by Dr. Max Miiller. A. Satnhitapdfha. 1. (2,341) D. Ashfaka !., Adhyaya I, 14 ff. b — a 2, 16 fT. c — a 3, 17 ff. d — a 4, iS fT. e — a 5, 18 ff. f — a 6, 18 ff. g — a 7, 20 ff. h — a 8, 20 ff. 2. (2,342) D. Ashtaka ii., Adhyaya i, 22 ff. b — a 2, ig ff. c — a 3, 17 ff. d — a 4, 16 ff. e — a 5, 17 ff. f — a 6, 17 if. g — a 7, 17 ff. h — a 8, 17 ff. 3. (2,343) D. Ashtaka iii., Adhyaya i, 19 ff. b — a 2, 16 ff. c — a 3. 17 ff. d — a 4, 17 ff. e — a 5, 17 ff. f — a 6, 17 ff. g — a 7, 17 ff. h — a 8, 18 ff. 4. (2,344) D. Ashtaka iv., Adhyaya I, 18 ff. b — a 2, 18 ff. c — a 3, 19 ff. d — a 4, 20 ff. e — a 5, 17 ff. f — a 6, 17 ff. g — a 7, 19 ff. h — a 8, 17 ff. 5. (2,345) D. Ashtaka vi., Adhyaya I, 17 ff. b — a 2, 18 ff. c — a 3, 17 ft", d — a 4, 19 ff. e — a 5, 17 ff. f — a 6, 16 ff. g — a 7, 17 ff. h — a 8, 15 ff. 6. (2,346) D. Ashtaka vi., Adhyaya i, 7 ff. b — a 2, I 7 ff. c — a 3, 21 ff. d — a 4, 26 ff. e — a 5, 15 ff. f — a 6, 17 ff. g — a 7 (Pav. « i) 8 ff. h — a 8, (Pav. 2) 13 ff. 7. (2,347) D. Ashfaka vii., Adhyaya i (Pav. 3) 13 ff. b — a 2, (Pav. 4) 9 ff. c—a 3, 18 ff. d—a 4, 17 ff. e—a 5, 18 ff. i—a 6, 8 ff. g—a 7, 16 ff. h—a 8, 16 ff. 8. (2,348) D. Ashtaka viii., Adhyaya I, 17 ff. b — a 2, 17 ff. c — a 3, 18 ff. d — a 4, 91 ff. e — a 5, 17 ff. f — a 6, 16 ff. g — a 7, 22 ff. h — a 8, 22 ft'. This manuscript (written about 1830) is accented throughout in red. The 152 Collection and Preservation of the borders are illuminated with gold and flowers ; on the first page of each chapter is a picture from the modem Hindu mythology. All these orna- ments are beautifully executed. 9. (2,349) D. Askfakas i — iv. A similar manuscript ; but the illumina- tions only extend to a 4 of A. iv. 10. (2,350) D. Ashtakas iv. — viii. Not accented. 11. {2,'T^^\)Y>. Ashtakas \. — iv. Accented. 12. (2,352) D. Ashtakas v. — viii. Accented. 13- (2,353) D. A. vii. 3 — 8. Not accented. 14. (2,354) D. A. i., ii., iv. — viii. An old imperfect manuscript, much worn. 15. (2,362) Purushasukta (A. viii. 4, 17, &c.) D. ff. 2. Accented. 16. (2,363) Purushasukta D. ff. 4. White letters on a black ground. 17. (2,429) Extracts from the R. V. 18. (2,430) Ditto. 19 — 29. (2,432) to (2,441) do. 30 — 59. (2,442) to (2,471) do. These Extracts consist of the /*«- rushasukta, Pavamana hymns, Srisv.kta, &c. 60. (8,969) Te. 25 11. Unaccented. U. ix. i, i. 11. i.and 2 are injured, and the manuscript is a little worm-eaten. B. Padapatha. Edited in Prof. Max Miiller's great edition of the R. V. with Sayana's C. 6i- (2,355) D. A. i. — viii. An old and worn manuscript. A. ii. and v. are from another copy. 62. (2,356) D. A. i. — iii., v. — viii. Accented. A. ii. — vi and viii. are imperfect. This copy includes a second manuscript of A. viii. (unaccented), which wants the beginning and end. 63- (2,357) D. complete, except A. vii., which is imperfect, partly accented. Much worn. 64. (2,358) D. i. — v. and 3 copies of vii. Only a few pages are accented. A. ii. is imperfect. In very bad condition. 65- (2,359) D. A. iii. (3 copies) ; iv. (3 copies) ; v. (2 copies) ; viii. (2 copies). Partly accented. More or less imperfect. 66. (8,966) Te. 241 11. A. i — iv. imperfect and unaccented. This manuscript is so much worm-eaten and broken as to be quite useless. 67. (8,967) Gr. 349 11. A. i. — viii. Unaccented. Last line broken. Worm-eaten in parts. Written about 1800. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 153 68. (8,968) Gr. ng 11. Valakhilya hymns and M. vi. 63 — end. The last few 11. are broken. Written about 1700. II. — Works relating to the Text of the Rigveda. A. Saunaka's Prdtisakhya. — This has been edited with a German trans- lation by Dr. Max Miiller, and with a French translation by M. Regnier. 69. (2,423) D. ff. 5. A fragment. Parshadavydkhyd. A commentary on the R. V. Prdtisakhya by Uata {i\2yA\2^-Bhatta, son ot Vajrata, and an inhabitant of Anandapura (Bena- res?). In 18 patalas. The introduction has been given by Prof. Roth in his Zur Literatur und Geschichte des Weda, 1846. It attributes the work to Vishnufnitra, son of Vedamitra, but the colophon assigns it to Uata, who is also known as a commentator on the White Yajurveda.* This C. is not the oldest. Dr. Eggeling (v. Preface to Prof. Max Miiller's Rigvedapratisakhya) has discovered one which is certainly more ancient than Uata's Work. 70. (2,417) D. ff. 239. Recent. Satapathahrdhmana. Edited (in the Madhyandina Text) by Professor Weber, in vol. ii. of his edition of the White Yajurveda. 265. (9,082) Gr. 11. 226. The first 14 11. (adhydyas i and 2) and some 11. at the end are much injured. Written in the 17th century. Not ac- cented. a. Rdjasiyakdnda (viii) adhyaya — i (?); 2 — i. 12 ; 3 — 15, b"; 4 — 21; 5—23- b. Ukhasambharanakdnda. (vii.) a, It begins : Asad va idam agra asid ahuh kirn tad — I. 26 ; 2 — 29, b ; 3 — 34 ; 4 — 38, b ; 5 — ?; 6 — 45, b ; 7 — 49, 6; 8-54- c. Hastighatakdnda (ix) «, I — atha 'to nairritir haranty etad vai deva garhapatyam — I. 59, b; 2 — 63, b; 3 — 67, b ; 4 — -70, b ; 5 — 74, b ; a few lacunae in the last two chapters. d. Chitikdnda (x.) a, i — pranabhrita upadadhati prana vai pranabhritah — I. 78; 2 — 81 ; 3 — 86, b; 4 — 88, b; 5 — 93; 6 — 96, b; 7 — loi. e. Agnirahasyakdnda (xii) a, I — agnir esha purassaras tach chiyate samvatsara uparishtan mahadukthyarn sasyate — i. 104, b; 2 — 107, 6; 3 — 112; 4 — 114, b; 5 — 119; 6 — 124, b. * Weber's White Y. V., vol. i., p. viii. 154 Collection and Preservation of the f. Sautramanikatida (xiii. ?) a. 3 (?) — Yad balaka idam trivrid — 126; 4 — 128, b ; 5 — 131. This section appears to want two chapters. g. Chayanabrahmana (?) ff, i — etasmad yajiiat purusho jayate — i. 136, b. (Three Brahmanas). Ends i. 143. h. Havyavdhakcuida {\\.) a, i — savaivratam — i. 144; 2 — 149; 3 — 155; 4 — 160, b; 5 — 164, b ; 6 — 168, b; 7 — 174; 8 — 180. /. Sambharakanda (i) a, i — sa vai sambharan sambharati yad va enam iccha — 187; 2 — 192; 3 — 198; 4 — 203, b ; 5 — 208, b ; 6 — 212, b. Ends i. 217, b. The last chapter is not inked, and is much injured. j. This section begins: Sa yatra hava eshah prathamam. The 11. containing the continuation of this k. are not inked, and are much in- jured. This manuscript contains part of the Kanva text of the Satapatha- brahmana, which differs much from that published.* Except at the begin- ning and end, the text is in very fair order. But few Brahmans in^^Southern India follow the White Y. V., and these are all originally from Northern India, though some families have been settled near Madras and Madura for several centuries. The old enmityf between the followers of the two texts of the Yajurveda has given rise to a curious fiction, namely, that followers of the White Y. V. cease to be Brahmans for a certain period at noon every day. This has no doubt arisen from the name Madhyandina, which is that of the most common Sakha of this Veda. This fiction has reduced the followers of the White Y. V. so low that other Brahmans will not associate with them. Charanavynha. Printed in the Sabdakalpadruma, ("V. Veda,") and edited by Professor Weber in I. S. iii. 266 (2,410) D. ff. 267 (2,411) D. fif. 268 (2,412) D. ff. 269 (2,413) D. ff. 270 (2,414) D. ff. 271 (2,415) D. ff. 272 (2,416) D. ff. These manuscripts are all recent and unfortunately far from correct. Nos. 2,410, I, 2, 3, 5, 6, represent one text. No. 2,414 is much shorter and differs considerably from the other. I much regret that I am not able to give the collation with the text published by Dr. Weber, as the only * White Yajur Veda, by Dr. Weber, II., p. ix. MSS. of this te.\t are rare, t A. S. L., p. 350. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, 155 copy accessible to me of the I. S. wants parts 2 and 3 of vol. iii. The Sabdakalpadruma is also inaccessible to me. Both texts begin Atha chara- navyuham vyakhyasyamah. Tatra yad uktam chaturvaidyam. Chatvaro veda vijiiata bhavanti rigvedo yajurvedah samavedo/tharvavedas cheti. Tatra rigvedasya 'shtau bheda bhavanti — charcha sravakah charchakah sravani'yapathah kramapathah kramajatah kramarathah kramadandas cheti. The lists of Sakhas, &c., are as follows : A=2,4io ; B=:2,4i4. I. R. V. A. Asvalayanas, Sankhyayanas, Sakalas, Bashkalas, Mandti- keyas. B. Sakalas, Vashkalas, Asvalayanas, Sankhayanas, Mandiikayanas. B. omits nearly all the details of the numbers of Vargas, &c. II. Y. V. Black. A. Charakas, Aharakas, Kathas, Kapishthalakathas, Charayaniyas, Varatantaviyas, Svetasvataras, Upamanyus, Maitravaruni'yas. As the number is stated to be twelve, some are omitted by the tran- scriber. B. 12: Charakas, Ahvarakas, Prayaskathas, Kapishthalakathas, Chara- yaniyas, Varatantaviyas, Svetasvataras, Apamanyus, Patas, Aindineyas, Maitrayani'yas. The last are divided by A. into seven sub-divisions : Manavas, Dundub- has, Saikeyas, Varahas, Haridraveyas, Syamas, Syamayani'yas. And by B into six : Manavas, Varahas, Dundubhas, Chhagaleyas, Hari- draviyas, Samayaniyas. White Yajurveda. A. Jabalas, Bandhayas, Kanvas, Madhyandinas * * * vi'yas, Sthapaniyas, Kapalas, Pandaravatsas, Avatikas, Para- mavatis, Parachareyas, Vaidyeyas, Vaineyas, Andyeyas, Galavas, Vaijakas, Katyayaniyas. B. 15. Jabalas, Bandhayanas, Kanvas, Madhyandinas, Sapheyas, Tapa- niyas, Kapotas, Paundaravasyas, Avatikas, Paramavatikas, Parasaras, Vaineyas, Vaidheyas, Addhabodheyas. B. divides the Kathas into Prachyas, Udichyas and Nirrityas. In A this is omitted. The Parisishtas are, according to A., Upajyotisha, Sangalakshana, Pratijiianuvakya, Parisankhyata, Charanavyuha, Sraddhakalpa, Pravara- dhyaya. According to B. 18: Yiipalakshana, Chhagalakshana, Pratijiianuvakya, San-khya, Charanavyuha, Sraddhakalpa, Sulvikani, Parshada, Rigyajiinshi Ishtakapurana, Pravaradhyaya, Ukthasastra, Kratusankhya, Nigama, Yajna- parsva, Paurvika, Prasavotthana, Kiirmalakshana. 156 Collection and Preservation of the III. Scimaveda. A. Asurayaniyas, Vartantareyas, Praiijalis, Rigvarnas, Prachinayogj'as, Ji'ianayogyas, Ranayaniyas. The last divided into Rana- yaniyas, Sankhyayani'yas, Saptamudgalas, Khalyalas, Maliakhalyalas, Lan- galas, Kauthumas, Gautamas, Jaiminiyas. B. Ranayaniyas divided into seven : Ranayaniyas, Satyamugryas, Kalo- pas, Mahakaiopas, Langalayanas, Sardulas, Kauthumas ; and the Kauthumas into seven : Asurayanas, Vatayanas, Prahjalidvaitabhrits, Prachmayogyas, Nekeyas, Kauthumas (one name is thus omitted). IV. Atharvaveda. A. 9 : Paippalas, Dantas, Pradantas, Autas, Brah- madas, Baladas, Saunakis, Devadarsins, Charanavidhas. B. 9 : Pippalas, Saunakis, Damodas, Tottayanas, Jabalas, Brahmapa- lasas, Kunakhinas, Devadarlinas, Charanavidyas. A. 5 Kalpas : Nakshatrakalpa, Vidhanakalpa, Vidhividhanakalpa, Sam- hitakalpa, Santikalpa, and Pravaradhyaya. B. do. Nakshatrakalpa, Vidhanakalpa, Samhitavidhi, Abhicharakalpa, Santikalpa. I have let several obvious errors remain to shew how incorrect the manuscripts are. There are thus two texts of the Charanavyuha, which differ not only in the lists of Sakhas, but also of the divisions and number of verses in the Vedas. The text represented by B. seems to be that followed in the Sabdakalpadruma, so far as can be judged from the quota- tions in A. S. L. This tract is so evidently written in the interest of the fol- lowers of the White Y. V., that it, perhaps, little deserves the importance which has been attributed to it. From T. J. Chichele Plowden, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, HomeDept.,to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, — No. 3434, dated the 31st October 1873. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letters No. 263, dated the 25th August last, and No. 283, dated 12th September 1873, with enclo- sures, shewing the progress made by Mr. Burnell in preparing a catalogue of the Sanskrit manuscripts in the library of the late Raja of Tanjore. 2. In reply, I am desired to express the full concurrence of the Govern- ment of India in the praise bestowed on Mr. Burnell for his disinterested services, and to say that His Excellency the Governor-General in Council hopes to see this important work soon completed. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 157 From the Hon'ble D. F. Carmichael, Officiating Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, to the Secretary to the Government of India, — No. 373, dated Ootaca- mund, the 5th November 1874. With reference to your letter, dated the 7th September, No. 2304, I am directed to forward, for the information of the Government, copy of a letter* from Mr. Burnell, statins: that * Dated 29th October 1874. ° he has not yet been able to complete the cata- logue of the Sanskrit manuscripts in the Library of the late Raja of Tan j ore. From A. C. Burnell, Esq., Ph.D., to the Officiating Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, — dated Tanjore, the 29th October 1874. With reference to G. O. dated i6th September 1874, No. 318 (Educa- tional), I have the honour to state that I have not been able, as yet, to com- plete the revision of my manuscript (fair copy) of the catalogue of the Tanjore Palace Library ; but I hope, now that I am near the Library, to be able to get on much faster, provided my health continues to permit me to do extra work, as I have done as yet. The rough copy is finished, and the greater part of the fair copy. From the Hon'ble D. F. Carmichael, Officiating Chief-Secretary to the Government of Madras, to the Secretary to the Government of India,— No. 200, dated Ootacamund, the 24th June 1875. With reference to your No. 921 of ist June, instant, I have the , „ , J . „ honour to enclose copy of a letter + from Dr. •j- Dated 2ist June 1875. t> n Burnell, shewing the state of progress in which the cataloguing of the Sanskrit manuscripts of the late Tanjore Raj now stands. From A. C. Burnell, Esq., Ph.D., to the Officiating Chief Secretary to the Govern- ment of Madras, — dated Tanjore, the 21st June 1S75. With reference to your memorandum No. 177, dated gth June 1875, (Educational Department), I have the honour to state (as I have done already several times), that I am getting on with the completion of the fair copy of my catalogue of the Tanjore manuscripts as fast as I possibly can. 1 58 Collection and Preservation of the 2. You will be aware that I have had the duties of a District and Ses- sions Judge to perform since three years, and that I have had very little leisure, being in charge of very heavy Courts the whole of that period. To do such vvorii as this properly, much time is obviously necessary. I need scarcely say that I shall be glad to complete it as quickly as is consistent with the standard of completeness now required. 3. I may add that part of the introduction has been already printed by me (" Elements of South Indian Palaeography," octavo, Mangalore and London, 1874), a copy of which has been laid before the Madras Govern- ment. From L. Neill, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, to the Secretary to the Government of Madras, — No. 1850, dated Simla, the 9th October 1877. With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter No. 200, dated the 24th June 1875, I am directed to enquire into the present state of progress of Dr. Burnell's catalogue of the Sanskrit manuscripts of the late Tan j ore Raj. From C. G. Master, Esq., Secretary to the Government of Madras, to the Secretary to the Government of India, — No. 411, dated the gth November 1S77. Referring to your letter, dated the gth October 1877, No. 1850, I am directed to forward, for the information of the » Dated 22nd OctoberiS?;. . ( 1 a- f 1 ^^ * r (jovernment of India, copy of a letter* from Dr. Burnell, stating the progress that has been made with his catalogue of the Sanskrit manuscripts of the late Tanjore Raj. 2. Dr. Burnell's proposal to issue " what is done as a first part" has been approved by this Government. From A. C. Burnell, Esq., Ph.D., to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, dated Tanjore, the 22nd October 1877. With reference to G. O. No. 389, dated 17th October 1877, I have the honour to inform you that my catalogue has been printed as far as the article " Kosha," but that I am not now in a position to go on with the necessary revision, as I cannot find leisure to visit the Palace Library and refer to the original manuscripts. 2. You will be aware that, in July 1876, the Courts of North and South Tanjore were united, and the whole work thrown upon me. I had very little leisure before, and now I have none. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 159 3. I hope to be able to finish the revision of my manuscripts to the end of the section " Technical Literature," during the leave in December and January. With your approval, I would then ask Messrs. Triibner to issue what is done as a first part. Delay in publication will (I need hardly say) seriously affect the value of my work, and, though I have already published some of the most important results at which I have arrived (" Elements of South Indian Palaeography," 1874 ; " On the Aindra School of Sanskrit Grammarians," 1875), there is much in my catalogue which will be no longer new, if the publication is further delayed. It will also be as well to pay Messrs. Austin for what they have printed. 4. Under the circumstances already referred to, and considering my unsatisfactory state of health, which my medical advisers attribute to over- work, I am quite unable to make any promises for the future. From L. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I., Chief Commissioner of Mysore, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, — No. 298, dated Bangalore, the 8th October 1869. Referring to the extract from the Proceedings of the Government of India in the Home Department (Public), No. 4345, dated the 3rd November 1868, I have the honour to forward herewith, for submission to His Excel- lency the Viceroy and Governor-General in Council, copy of a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. i6o Collection and Preservation of the •S." ^ ^ ^ ^« to ^ U E a ci "3- s E o U c S • • 15 ^ • _c <4 cS A u *n 3-c 'C-C *d X. % . . . n! c - * c^ c 2 - - - boS - - bo a *TO ^ k- ^n; L- ^nj u u zho zo z a 1 < ^ c 6 2 c nl > .... e . c\I Oh o 3 T^ !S ■ ■ ^^:^ < < < rt "2 c- 'P- CO < Q 1— 1 en nj 1 1 S •a- c- •0! 1 > (5- s Co ■is_- ^ S rt I'll 1' ^ S rt ca •0 > ca •a "T! 13 T3 -a c- rt rt cd S u > - > > > > u i_ ; I u. (ti nj ^ > > biD M M 3 3 3 c;! 'rt^ 'c^ ca .5 i2-«-S- > > > CA)C/} ^ •3naO|T!lE3 piO £-:$:? O C'l CO Tf ON r^ N Tf sqiui jaquintvi CO ^ -t c^ ^' CO 'S- -+ r>. N COCO coco O CO CO CO CO CO 0\ ■-. N CO Tt UOO l>%CC C7\ - (7 •jaquinN _2 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. i6i si's-™ « 5 > u r CO "1 Si -5 -a 3 3-d S 3 be 3 be C 3 - - rt o J3 rt « £..5, rt > s cQJ5cati; 5 n o o c ci- 2 o c c >.^ a! "•-« --^^— > X 3 < D .::2 u < J= -n X X -r; X O J3 J! J3 ^ .:i J a. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CU 2 CO. re rt ■3,3 re re : CLo J," 5 .' ■ c c re E -' at 2- i ■g '3 "5 S ~3 re re £..2, re re ^ >^-TO i' o- o re -^ ."T . CO CO CO oo r^oo r^. o CI ro ►-< ri ri « N CO CO CO CO rOOO C/:. CO CO CO COCO - ro CO CO CO — CO CO CO CO CO CO CO^ lO^O t^OO ON O — cs CO ':!■ lO^ t^co O O - M CO -t lOvC w CO CO CO CO CO COCO l62 Collection and Preservation of the 5 2 = -- > > ?, " o 3 c J= E o p rt-? t^ 2 H O 2 rtT3 ^^^ ^ c- c S5^^f^-I rt ° 2 rt Oh n! i S i?55=§ 2 D- ;-^ "^ j: -ra bo ^■Ip„>> n2rt I g-^- g- 1^ -re ,—,,—, >i*j c -re nj -re c >> X >,-re c re E PL, E -re > £ £j= -re ^ ^r-^-^-^cQ >^re tSilTJ-reSii-i-^reCL re>nJ>^rt!i^o-c-E, 2o2^^;re^|^,=-re re ci- re ^ -13 ""^-re -^ 3 Q.3 o.-re o j= ■;:; n 13 ni a. c < n Q- ^ X. >-. ^ j: (1) -Q X h > K^ re t: re »3 re j: X U -C/5 CAl ■* 10( 01" -cN -ooooooN -; coco CO CO "-OvcOCOCncOCOCOO • lOVO r^CO C^ O re re < 5 E -re- E J= o 'oa -a re i-J re re -; rt S .^ c • - is c 5 -rex: .0 CO ^ ^ ,V re E -; % I :§ re^^ i -J " „-S-5^^re|i :iJ5 2,|reU -re rej;g-re - ^ T3 -re "~ " •o -5 ■<£ 2 a s."S. -re />: -re > .^ q.^ j: ',5; >^-ra TO rt '-S CO CO CO ^^ •^t-a--^^-*^-*'* 10 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 163 E=3-£-S Z ^ e ra ^ U ^TO *3 ^ [ume so a wor arva larat lume Iso a work apar a. 4J r^ -^ .5 .« j= 5 vo ises a Btinct sdant vijay f^ *- in.iS -S 1- rt 'Z o.^>S ^ ol-^> >, |2 o-'-S H H H " o g o ° n! o ni aJ-E R a. • S-S.-S .> E j: E s J3 C3 ca C c nl 0. rt _^ nJ2 in 1^ 5: E ■* bo •c •« a-fi = ■5 Qu < < 2 e E 1/3 CO *< rt TD- 13 j= rt >> -^ -^ « i3 rt M j^ U u •a S3 < > CO h u: IS c C/5 Z 1 > t/} C/3 5- E 5. III 111- -IN lis > < -J Z Z < U u > z < t/3 hlha, Parasariyn, w ro r^ •5- CO CC CO a: CO n CO -r 10 ir; 10 LO Lo 10 lO 164 Collection and Preservation of the g « -if 2 2. S rt - >^ 2 "E. S.E-5 7 zh o:- HO i^ o :i:oz < < 3 rt rt E ra ^ Xi 3 > j= ■a ; t: E-a -03 ,^E :; 5 s = :: E c^I > isi ,_^ >> D. 'h: .ti rt .< - /-; j: -^ ' .J g^Z-t:g \% ^% S-o ='-1 r. E c "s E K .<1 I •a ■a '0 c i nl rt-a 'rt n U -^ « j: a. n) nj C. (1) LI, T3 1" .c K " rt H < -< u. mil uijaqiutiM ■J^qiuiiM I --— ^OOCNOO — 00 CO -1- 100 i>hCO 00 ■- ^1 CO *+ \oo r^oo o O -< Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 165 HO zo E-z:^ H O ■SI- n! 5 ^ 2. rt Z Z >a, . . . . nj . . 1 . -a ,£■— «i nj • • • -Is^ -^^ . . S . . rt cJ2 ^0 rtl 3:4 . . . .'OX. -.h: "1 ■2^ -c.-^ 5«3| 'Sc^'^oceI .-« oiSi =r Cop akand anc (An akand and S ch akand aidyar akant] yaschit schitta % ^ J= J= -i5>-™-2 1 >> 2 J3 !« -B- 3 " "-o - c !i i- . D. . . rt s3^< -^ < rt< D- nJ •a S-l? 0! ■^^ ■ ■ > •^ •- "3' 5 ra ^ G- 2 > ^ ,m c >,-a j= -ra ^ > c3 ,!^ •= - ^> « § 5 ra a^ m ^ ^c/3 ra E 5 |"E-ra ra 2:^ E3 U u-ra^ ^ 5 i5a 5 < S -S ■- -ra ^0 ra-5 ra -c:5 ra a<" 3> o ^ l5 h ra •" E 3 "g > ,y ra -ra Oh 3 .t; E-- ^Ti Du 7} > > IS ^ Q <'fi m ro CO — -+0 10 CI COO) 0^ oioirj-' 10 "^00 10^ ^ OMO CO n - ■^ M M 10 10 10 C< -h - CO C^ ^ -< uo 10 10 10 0^ 10 r-. ts 10 r^ CO c-i - 10 10 10 C0C0G0O3COCO C>ON a> S3; 0< CT\ C\ C^ Cn CO -1-lOVO 0000 - - i66 Collection and Preservation of the .!£ 'C .i2 >- n! : -i^:: -re n ! ' T3 ' J, J ■"= c > -.1: ) u **• -- > j: c TJ -re ai.5 '5 re - m_.,^-C 3 ... M "S ^ oa cu j: cB -3 E -rejj > ZH ".i^ TO ^ " re " " c _bo = 5 -^ 2 -re £ - E re > 1^1 s.-s rt to'2 >. "> re u J" re zS> > I . rt . . . , . . . ^ . . TO TO re c -re nl . ^ . . . . ni • • • • >. bo J «o E "2 rt ■I- ■ ■ C T3 >1 •< .re ... . 0- >> :-5 . - . re .^3 re -re rt-rf- E ■-54 S^-S--re .c 1= 1 . J- . . . angraha Acharakanc ka, Danakai idhi . nd Parasara n! re is- > TO u lannarad Vrataka 1 vaharak y-) • . E re 2 "re > re ■c c ^ o o s: rS' = -i E EcjU '^^ rt'^ re J u ^^ t _ . o o -r CO. Jo o li S S i < < :5 :5 g. TJ -re c .ti T3 ^ 5, J- T3 re *j t/i r- -reT3 -g u re re.- ■ - re ra re re- rt S'? 2 re "0-= > J •£ ,S .2 "! y S u H < Q S c/3 a. 31(1 ui joquinv^ c\m uo to o Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 167 « 2-b-^ >f^ C" "2^:^S £ -re nj ^ rt >,;5.:r E § >'^^^ "o ^ tj "! 2 rt >S.E>.| rt g -~ u .- -0 rt n] x: c-a (u ^ c-c/) 3 . iUI T ^ ,*"H Z :» ■ii Si aJ nl ifl . n! rt n J= 3 i^ j: ' - J= 3 S! 3 u J= T s j= rt I- -re u- oj ^ c tiO 2 O H t^t- Z^iJ O S -S ; t,\ \ \ \ \\ ^ -s ■ c rt^ : : : : : : ^ rt ■ n , « ■S2 > rt - > ^•(;5> ■ 1 • 1 .< .>.^ ■re a,Z T) !Tl C > ^ >. rt c 'f. j= rt P J s 3 E 3 n! ^ -S -re •- nj T3 -o - =-.t; -c >>-re 5 c ■n re :£ U -« .-ii p. re re T3 ni s-:e S C' ni S rt O •'^•3 3' iS re "• J -re > c/T S '5 -5 Sn >rt^3-oC.n:-ra2mC. .re -"^'5 re ■23 3 c ^^ 2 . It; ts" ^ re m/i 3 •< re re 3 b = > -re ■re S "5 . >^ > '"d ■Q re -re -n a. f 10 « 10 t^ t-~ «> CO 10 CO CO c^ 10 10 On CO 0^ CO CO 00 in G -* VO CO 83; CO t^ C -1-0 2 3^ CO -1- ro M CO CO CO 4 ? zf rt -t 10 -t -r ^ ? ^- ^- iO ]68 Collection and Preservation of the H O H Z CL I- c rt -re 3 nj c " o a -ra S rt .S •c p-a ^ rt u -It n (1(0.0. J -."i^-? :5 §•! • - i: ra yi J= S C n) rt -J5 ^ j: -S'2-M •c/j Cu < D- < • s- JS ■ - rt rt ^ 3 c m 3 • ■ j« w -« £.T3 . - rt c OJ nJ ^t^ -^ re J= o j: CT3 rt c n H .„- = ^ 3 rs -o ■ - > i/i > r j: u < rt 5 g.CO Cm n! rt bo „ |-5 -i= 5 .;? DScuZ -C br -re -^ _C.E X -^ -S -re 5 E ra • - § -jS-U-re-E > =-ra --^ c J= g ™ a- O ON CvO -T ON ON O lO ir: ir: U-) ir> lo >o »0 -^ lO O CO -^co ■rJ-^CO OnOnONCnON C\ Cn O CO — ^0'-rlro-i- lONO c^oo on "NCnjOnonD^ ncnOnOOnO Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 169 t!j Z HOZH " 2 re 2~ - zo:^o -« J3 > rt o .?5 S -re" iS ■ • • -rs-S ■ • • -« 1^^ "^ J3 2 • ,C^ nj re re -re ^4S ■re 2^ "35 > < c c re re Ul _ ^."^ re T3 "U T) T3 cJ=reQ.cccc '■L > ni o o t/3 o rex: £< .t S3i « to re E D. < -ra M III >>re ij. CQ C/} E| ' 2 ^ 'c -° . __ ^ ^ij AS CO -^ 10 t^ N "O O O C 10 Ch " ■ Cn C^ C 00 o COCO 000 r^OO g 8 lyo Collection and Preservation of the ■z.^ ra nl nJ c 3 >.^ > < 'C -a 00 nj c > n! . E 3 C/3 E arvan A'sramavasa, laprasthana, Parvans. kanlhiyavyakh Parvans, E volumes . m > n ^t/3 c > S5S sanap edha, Ma hana Nila teen on, 6 a -a , fcfrt rt C- rt -ra E n 2 J= 'S ■f?R ,cij; 3 5 rt -« j= .Sr-'-S c ^ « Is^.-:; i* <" c DQ s^ w << ? >-. -J £ re re rt E-S c S-S . . E'< S > 2 re - o.^; . . ^ re -re c re "^£•5 "! re .c re ^ 1 re- c. - >^ c . 3 J= ■re -a 3^ > re £ is -re • • re 5^ . bo c/) i5 G. •°-;S !^ ^ "Sl- C -l^'St^ ■ ■ %<;> lA t/3< *« s i; * N CO lO "O r-* Tj- ^ '^ -^ -^ ro CO CO - CO CO CO c o o o o o Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 171 zhz — 2 ra '^ •^ OZi^: H^ ZCH H O -z.-^ 2-^1 mo! •5 j: — -5 <-Z >. • • -d ■ • • Q. c U -E tn . ■5 . .D- c < ■ ■ ■ -u — !§■ • ca UU ya . . . i varahasyasambhav Asurakanda . alahastimahatmya ix Ansas of the Firs 1 = • -Sis .11 << . c c << >.>» fc rt § -5 C r! S E-a .E-UU.g- ; s~ .'3' Da rt b 2 -rt -re ias^s; 10 M 00 10 ^ to « ~ CO 00 \o 00 - 00 " M r^ Tt- u->^ t^ cc Cs - N ro -* ts N n M N ^ ro ro CO (^ CO CO ro fO '^^ re -t -I- N ro J Wf 172 Collection and Preservation of the ^ » ^ f rt rt rt V j= JZ '2 3 *C u J U . hB - ^ "^ rt bfl . . rt n bo ^ s " " u - - i£ c -re n! " H a •«i H Z^ H < ■s a! * g? E rt s 2 >. ' • * * " " * " " " •* " > >> ■3n3orBiB3 pio s I . S ^ y T 2 •-DO rt nj 1 -o .5 n! j: c- .' ■>£ -re n! ra a) ^ .<^ . . >. . . u S ^ £ nl . > H rt '"^ ii^ ^ tn E? c c-:5 >^ n! rS "5 S^ S-re-5o S-, •S<'° re n) 2 ■ "2 „- I > rt 'S=4 -a -regrtajaj <"(5 5 "fie n!rt'nJT3 -^ u-< re I -^ ^ >> •/ — i-^ S c « -5 c -^ -^ u: H -re 5 .ti «" ^ 1:3 rs- re re re;2J2 O N ►-< O rr) t4-*0 On ^ ■ -t- 10 m m »o in to - N -i- ro Records of AncieJit Sanskrit Literature. '73 u a> I- oj t ,tD O H OH O H - 3-5 >, < > > Z 5, rt X. a, n -=: -^- -S »S 3 2 0- •■ C u cfl : 3J ^ P •5 o -^ c < ^ rt n! •re b/] "Cue W CuD- ■re -a -' , cu c o. - > o " f ) -re b/] oj _ L. jj re I ^ ^ S o ^ o c^-re U nl . c 5 >" -^ < ,=■ 3-j: "? » ■»-• o S ~>^E " 2 o: .- re -^ -:; ^ -f . - ' >oo— ^ ?; = ' S L. u C-^ C- 2. C' n! re -Si/)"^ ^ OJ ii 3 ^^ n c- 3- > C C re rj WW g. .'CL-a W) b/3 3 "^ 3- bo -re -re < -re 're S ^ ^CO ID -+ M CO t^ NO „ On - - !-l ON r-:o o -t- NO CO ro CO ro -t ^ 1 r~.CO On O « vo O NO t^ r^ 01 CO -* lONO t^CO ON O - tN) CO^Tf LO 1^1 CO ON On On 3 174 Collection and Preservation of the OHO zo - C L- ^ C L^ " rt bo c ~ bo oz:^oz — --. rt rt ^ nl ^ ^ ^ : o "O o 'n 'o' n3 1 rt o oj -o .ra -y ^s ^s z > '^ >,< - *j -a ^ u S •- ^ -C o ^ -i- -i- < .i; T3 "O ^ b* b^ < 5 ^ g. 3 >, >> >^ ;>S ■« ._ -S .5 E = .^ ^'c: *, ■* COW a 03 . c: s ro ;;: nj i^ " -^ q! -^ n -^ •- CO C T3 C -« ■- -p -n E E liliy vc/D a. H Q y) J nSoi^lE^ p]o mil uiaaquin-si r^io-t'Ocor^ CO w O lOOt^OOOr^. c^co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO c:) CO r>.vO m "^ r>*. r^ OOnQn 0\<^ O 00 ^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ro Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 175 z oz 2.5, "SiS •SF « rt £-a rA ^"■fi «□ CiJ 3 a Oai ' 2 -a c 'r:: A6 "^I Q >Q r-> rt •o- r! _ _-TT >, C- Q. n ^ ,r: ou^ rt X. ^ o S ■?^-u a. o vc/3 > ■£• p 'H- g o g ■ >>^ J3. -3 t; t; « u 5 u U ^u5>S > H d < 2 S S :- S S c^a T c^ -J- c:^ — r^-GO CO ■+ ^ ^ : : c\ CO COOCICO- -*coo - 00 coco vo •-• ^ C\ CI 10 -^ T CvCO 03 - CO 10 COM ro CO CO ro ro m CO CO C^ CO CO CO '0 " ci CO -^ UOO c» COCOCOCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO r^co o\ " cj CO CO CO -1- -Tl- Th C^- CO CO CO CO CO CO -1- CO CO 176 Collection and Preservation of the % i. i % •5 ^ s c -^ re (« 3 "c 3 (5 bB 1 ''% . .s>. c rt be 3 " *™ " re - -. -s d ZH z 6 H 2. re" re 3 X rt *~* -v ^ XI c ~ 1 ere ™- nj.ti re rt ■? S < rt' •- -^ ■h-a re £-^ -^■3.S ■s 1 re > 4) T3 re • -re X _re ,}:; : 2:32 t- rt "^ ^ ^^ re re c- El re >- -w z "C — ^ra ^ o-j; c re E'S li ^'^ c E ^ c X 3 -re E E 3:> o<< re c -re >< (/) in < u s 01 re'° f^ <1 X -re re >i ■^-^£ -ill . .X T • •> re • • ,^ >- X . 'O «t :S re re ■a a. ^ > i -. tr. -re >, re J '£,''" i« re " -^ J > S" "O - -re ^ -re J.! 2 < u >< 2 -re tn ^'^ c *;;; >^\"' c .- -re b • 3 re >. 2 -C c > c E re ^ re re b 'IT -^ -- ji: re X > ,>i 1 '^■ -re J= S * ti ^ -re 2 re S S ^^ = re 3 re re,=' ^5. i^lre--l| 1 .h re rt-^-a re c ■m gXeu re -re -5 re ; s -re C/5 ■anSoiElc::) p|o 00 ^j 10 -t- ^ r-co 0\ 00 0\ 0) sq} uijsqiunM CO CO CO 10 0^ 00 - CO 00 \o o\ rooo o^ CO CO CO c^ COOO CO m \o r^^ o^ - t-i CO ■* lO^C c^ •jaqtunfj rj- ^^ ^ -t -t in lovn 10 UO lOVO to CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 177 y re ^ j: ■3 c 're -5 re GO E ? j: -0 ^ 3 — •^ c re S ^ ^ S ■S-ii re a. .2-C _re ■^ re E r ; : S s J c n. > >, H U ga s *S H •a c n (U M re' re . ca re . rt . s" ^ 3 JZ -c "u .£ 3J= 3 S _3 C a ' ' ■- J, bp 'c ii 'c re re bt c r * - 2 ' bJ5 c bo rt - "!— S oj I- 1; re : J H a cz zo •-CH^ H B > re 'i-* • ra re' s: u " rt -5 a c re' re -a c ■a c > 'c- re _E ■§ . re re c 2 re -re >re 're a. re rt >^ . _ re . E re .':2 ::; -3 1.1" 5 . 1 if) c/j< > > U m> ^C/) > > ■ rt^ • ^ ^ , ^ "S -G- rt' ■3 j: ■ rtca S ^ « -0 c re '0 rt ^ vfl .^.^-« re • S < > E 5> 5 >. -c -a ,,. ^ H '> ' ' rt ' -3 c > ■a .t -^ re 1- rt ' S re' h " ■ - 1 -S re -5< "5 ,5 « 're CL 'S E 'c- re E iu 're re4'< ^ re.lil I'>1 >< m < -J u Z '< Q a < Q < H t5 ^< Q re E 're c 're e -0 c re re re E c . . . rt >. j: 'rt ■ ■ ■ J= •a re . . . j_ rt .S2 >, c re j: !«•" • Mi ^ ^ .'^ '> rt n rt" -re 5 1 "' -n! b.t C E re£ 2 3 J^ ^ '_D. 're re E -K It •a c •^ re >. re c -5^ l'l:s •ass > 're SI 2 . re-;: S E re >,^'« 0- ^ ^ .a ^ 'iS n ;; c-^ re i-5|'1l' •S'2 -".E'-S 'rt re re "* n '^ : re re ™ lit -re T3 re '.§- rt c -re 1 a: rt re '/5 — Q-3 2D> " Sv^ < re ^SA >OQHZ re Q > 'c^ J^ :^ - •+ 10 fO 1^ 10 ^ rO 0\ ro ^ N « Ov ro CO CV r^ 10 ^ — M Tf '^ « -^ fJ \o CO CO 03 c^ « -t 1- - ■* « ^ -*■!»■ -i- o> -& (N ro 00 00- S! S? -* ir,o r^ cr : - ^ CO ^0 r-~OD =\ _, 100 ^ VO >o vO vo S- r^ r^ r^ i^ r^OT OD ^2 r'; ro --o r^ fO r^ ^•-. re r-, ro r^ r^; r^. rr re ": fo 1/8 Collection and Preservation of the i -3 c3 ■^^S >. X III ^n s. x. Si i 3 2 -S :!xx. Mo S. Ill > 1) E u s XL % 5 to % ra . ci . a 3 ^ :3 "u -C 3 T ^ 3 ^ c . M c« . rt . . c . bo S ? U , rt bo , »t e •^ 3 c - M - - S -CO |_ - 3 biir 2 C 3 - C3 S 6 H ^ z H ZOr- V Uh rt rt -2 > ■re •-■ rt _o rt ,_: rt _ c c -a a rt -re c < a c •a -3 . 03 •■a • c : n! C 3. S 2 : £ S"?.;^ .22 1 2 3 •a E X. n! z "-5 s 2. ^(/i^ z c-S' -^ j: c re .2 3 .i2 rt c t- is 1-. c > re c ^ re ri £ « rt . . . . ^ re '-S re c- S feiS > .ti ^ CTJ rt ■re ^- 2 re 2 .e- -i; -a a S •| ' " ' " S s 1 c3 rt-rt - >> > c re .9- ^ 5 1 <■ . c c j-;-0 -3 "t 3 J= III • • • rt '« C • • ■ D. J= -- bo *J re re 'x. 6 -M ^ 1 Z § > -re ■ E > — -^ CO u 5, ■ 1 ■ g E S. c E re °i D. E U 2 E j: ._• J= U re Ire IS- 1 < 5 .-a 3 -r3 i:? 2 2 ^ ^ ■re-g nj ra.> IS > < ? h c tr] bo rt c j: J3 g^.TO -ra E « 'ff-^ ^E« :§ If i|re ■5g U -5" h Z '< Q > II q5 s^ C ,rt -ni -a > rt re re ■£. E .!£ re -re 0. >D c ^ "5 re 12 ■a 7S. > -a . rt 2 nj S,-tS - E £-E rt -re -re X. ,„- tifiii -re -c -a -d E •" ^^ i^E 11 ill -re -a -a > 2 re '-^.iS 2 -5 re £ -re > ^ 2 ^ 'g 2 <<> -^x OX > J < ^CAj c/2 H CQ -iZ H —1 ■— 1 •anSoiEiEO pio CO CO N 00 C vo M « CJ CO ^ CO C< \0 CJ LO t- 01 c^ 3; 8 ^ S CO ro 5- n- Oco 'i- ^ Ti- ^•* ^ ^ CO HK rO ^ ■-■ HI W '-' c7 r': -t lo ^O t^CO 0\ Q - oi CO -1- uno r>. CO o\ 8 •jsquiu.M cc Q\ 0\ On 0> On 0\ 0\ Ov c^ c-0 c^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ^ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 179 Z6 Za^i! 3-5 HO ZO O o -^^ < Z . a. 0.-5 0-5" J J= -5 c ra c "* - [£ "i g ; c- o 1 p c -s-^^- ^"<:^>Z>S ra c ra j: j: >rs 5 m [n 3-« 3 3 Q.-C ^?.:3 -a -5 2 >)S Z c II -^ >ro 2 ;£ 2 ?-> 2 -a a. j: i! -on! -^ ■« '7, C/2 > -^ "5 -^ rt o u -o >,= -TO-O C- rt > 3 a.? a ? rt Nrt !5 !7 ^•-c « - ^ o JS :^ « •3'^ n! *-; .'^ o >><: a. 0.-5 -£ i = H -5 "5 < < ^ jK 13^ .-Bert's- 2 > -o -£ V5 N N fO v^ t^ ^ r^oD C7> - CO 0\- t^ CO « "^ i^ -* t^ o\ -i- C^ CN 0\ ri CO - ^ „ n ir - 1^ _ IN „ N t>^ -1- 1- -I- f -t- -t -T -T -T ■* "J" -t ^ -f ■* ^ -t '1- I- i8o Collection and Preservation of the iA £ o3 oj a: 4) t) ■5. 0. E E U U i • s . . . JZ ^ ^ ; u • j: J -re X Z (^ < > 3 2 3 re . >. •re re >> > re -0 • c re re c X -re It' > -- . nl •S 'X 2. -^ nJ X re" X > re" •5- c- re c ■re 5.^ D- • 5 : D- "3 ^ JZ X re '£. s 3 en nj > re z' •a re X ■a re re 5-1 ri j= X c? ^ S rt ' 5 ■ n! :5 > > 3 S s T II. ■re c- re '5' re re-^^ 1 K -< ■re a! re !s c -re c- ■i "S- •^ ^ T •■>: Q > c -re -re OS • Q > > Q 3 re X 'go re re 1 C/2 < u H > ■< H a > 3 "O - •a re ='"2! -2. .5, > re c ■Pe >.^2 re -re !^ s > re 'c re;^ 2.^^2 2 -rex ij rex XXI SiX ^ c >■ X z' re c -re X -re 3 2 §"§' lis ■Cc > > •a re N -3 E re X -a „-o -re re re -re T3 >. hxx re > 3.2-0 g.-™ in c 3 re r:;5 II 2.11 -re > re re re ."^ re c E E re E ■re T3 -5 rt ti T> 2 -a -C nl t re "2,2 3 c -re >~'^ n) V ■re'r-a D. L^ rt re t/2 re > u > ZUH >cuw<; DQ-H caQZcuu H Q z •anSoiE^BO Pio 0. Tf N vO 0> 00 - vo ^- U-) rn -fo m ^ aqjuijsquinfj CO " « ro r^ •- I^'*' o\o VO M- ^ -+ 'J- 00 -' •* t ^ •!)- - ^ ^ IH On C " N ro •i- lAJvO r^oo ";ir N ro -no VO ~" 00 •jsquiiifj C". r^ ro ro CO CO ro Tl- -h -t -t -t -t -f -t -:t f -* ^ -t -t -t •+ -t "+ -f -+ -+ -t -i- -t- -t -+ -1- -+ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. i8i S>^^ o u E J, ° 2 3 S S ^n >^C c3 .2^.3 > H ^ • bo • Z T3 C n! n rt nl 1* c 2 5) c elugu ranth ranth 5 bo C 2^ H O H z o HO O /: O^ • > n! , 2 2 C/3 e > ■c ■ '^tri : • : Is:?- > !b.^ 2 >^i: "O n3 a >, •ra rt ri •Z a.c -re J=-^ ■^^ >, ■< :2 rt > > H s;"^ 2 X '< "i V . '•? Q ic ^-0-5-5 -a S E-2 ; E rt ; 2. "i -5 c w c- rt ■ = 5 re '.Ij re-5.b?D. .S bo a re > ;^ ^ i: -^ ,;5 >> c ' re >, > i3 rt -• rt " re re i;-- >^^-re-p • S :? 2 g £-2 2"S.re .re=§ .S-n:"gre3-f re re re 4.S -r S S ? 2 lOCO o\ o ^ ID •*->■■* ^ -t-4 -*V -t in lO lo Collection and Preservation of the O H « rt rt r- n3 f- c3 tiiZO ZOZ I -1111 £ S 5 2 "^-^ ^ £ j: rt ^^ 2^ E j: en j= I > - > 5 c .2 tri? (7x ji x: ■g ^ ^ -S £■ S^"^ ^CQ CQ Oa (/I CO ^ ii^ ^ ^ > >- c v(/)CQa.Q OT s ^ t3 O c^ ■|<5 •3u3ofeiE3 pio nqi ui jsquin^sj O On 0^ t^ c^j -r IT) vo t-^QO ON o •-« VC^C^O OOO 'OC^-t^ IN CO ^ 10 O C^OO 0\ Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 183 ^ .J,"^ ^ ■a u "o ™ S rt "rt '3 u rt 1. .2 > 1- 0. u rt is s > « ^ ^ E a. B ■AU ■n E ■^ S IJ U H f-H c rt O •T3 CJ oj C CJ ^ rt rt m rt rt ci_ . - K u d j: £ D u j: 3-C 'C a '^ ■3' 3-C S 'C L. *C ■^ n b/ rt r rt bi rt ^ bfi-^ rt -2 2 -^ vi . ho bo rt rt i? rt rt r; c 3 c ^ ^ - 3 3 hoc ho c bo r; rt n u CJ -11! rt >rt ^^ HO t^: HtiJOHa z H z H Hz:^: z biZ c •a • c : 1 JZ rt : rt : : c ^n i_ >» rt rt rt > rs c .M , ■a '_> > u j: -re rt ? c a. bo rt c •1 I! rt 2 rt' s c rt ca 2 • • c "a 2!? rt ^ rt^SsS ^Srt' rt rt a ^ rt a; '> rt a ■ 2 rt rt "c rt, rt .J rt-^ rt i c E > rt c rt E rt c E rt . rt • 1- a. E rt' 0-2 rt ^ ^ rt - c ^2 rt Q. C/3 rt rt' ^"2 -SSortQ sl^grt 2 . rt :isi rt| ^-S.>.>'rt •z . rt' bo rt' rt a. rt^Sl lit c rt rt ■ ^ > P- X "5 bo2 ^ '^ iX j^ - bo o|3 rt S. rt ■a rt r] J - j= - rt ._^ rt rt cu s _rt 'i rt rt rt rt ■a rt j: S > ||Srt. rt-reJ= _. > Ji .2 -rt.E rt-rt.B 5 > rt-rt rt -TO 1 rt J! rt -0- rt j: W rt' 5 1 a. rt u a. c > rt' III |:|>.„. 'u Q. rt" c ?■% e " * '1 s >^ rt ' c _rt > 1- ? rt reiS rt .rt •rt rt ..ii 'rt J= ^ ^ rt 5 rt u C rt "c rt ■& rt GO. 3 a QiZ rt 5,-? h •? -a CO. S ■ rt •u 3 00 11 r. >c^ rt ^ bJD 11 ^2 ;2-^S2 < t^ o> •+ r) CO c -• N ro\0 C\ lO m CO CO coo -^ CSI N 00 CO CO CO :? 0^ CO UO 10 LO 4 -i-Oi lO N VC LO UO CO : ^ o\ 'l- tl- •* ^ <^ ^ '^ Tl- ^ rt- 1- CO ^ CJ r^ r>» c* r^ CO ■rj- inyo r^cc c^ & Sn (V, CO -1- 100 t^ CO 0^ C HH M CO ^ LOO r^oo cc cc oc cc CO 0\0-0 c^ c^ coo -i- -+ "^ ^ -r •* •+ ^- ■* -r -t -i- •+ Tf •+ 1J-; 10 i/-> to 10 10 10 lOlO 1 84 Collection and Preservation of the •c iS I ^c/l i2 S "n ■" < 9 -S '■= . .i^ r= P i o. c -g •f^ X -g-a •^ c > m rt iS *3 Oi *(^ n; w .- - CO oa >>— ,Z D. a. fS ™ = c -S- ^^ < < "S - .2,to0J3 2. f^ 52 [Tt -^ c- ■*; ■-^ i: '^ ^ ^u x: tJ rt :^ .s, 5 ^ -r -= n •« : < -2 a > a: -ci Q >. MnSoreie^ p|o CO ID CO O 2 ID a^ 0\ a\ 01 CO t^ CO lO ^ •:)■ O lO CO coco MD CO CO CO CO vo r^ O CO ^ IT) Tf to ^ ^ CO CO CO coo CO •j^munN O - « CO -+ lO \C t^CO OS O lO lO CO -^ lOO r^ UO lO lO lO lO oo lO lO iri lO u-> lO I/-. lO 1/5 li-) lO lO Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. i8S J ^ i. CO s < >> 2 o o -= • S E 1 > u a! n) >< 2 5 . olt-i -a n! -ra c ^^ o: u u i3 OJ raj: 5 S t/) CO CQ-< < U j3 •£ ^ --3 '3 '5 !5 re ra ra o^z re -r re S >, r§^S !/5Q2 .h re -T3 "o re >^'; •3 're o-^re x s C/5 *< t/J i\ < H x^>^ "^ re X i/i S s«i re 2 -re £?|S rt E . CO 3 re X X 2 •h re . 2.-^E > •' 3 E re re KOi 10 C\ C\ n> O CO r^ w N ;>i t^ '^ N 10 '^ - CO en CO 00- 10 10 10 1 86 Collection and Preservation of the ' t; t^ "^ 1.5 gS . "1'^ g. (ui3-a rt M E oii'E-.g % s o ™ u E r) ^ V •* ST. 12 S.'rt "a ^ ^ , « fs *. « *. E o " ■ " U H if . j: Ic ^ E c r3 . QJ (U 0) T= "J __. . rt 3 n! f rt m ■c n Soc n! rt c 3 .c J; rt "re 2 -r - 2 ■nj S2 c cj u ct3 * U So ZHcBz tilO ti Ho:^ • rt^ .2. ' ■ ■ n) ^ -d- < i z a! rt •c£ :S' -a- 11 i)5 ' -ni »re s> •a c n! 2^ 2 > ^ re c rt i > Bhartrihari . Dandin Narayanayati Krishnaraja, joshya. Krishnaraja = ■ "H ■ ■ ■ -J, i^ u) C n] j: < -™^s • TS .... ^oj c •T3 c > rt S E tr- -re c •■••| iJ 3 . o X >.-5 2 .SO . 1^ 1 ■ • . . H •- -re j: c 1 a f < >< c o >. . c 1 X 1" . s ' c E ■ P . > -re la marakatha Commenta ottara, Kr asranama. nth Prabh, hantu wit 3 "re c. E < u 5 C/3 aishadha . „ with Comme Sargas. aishadhavyakhyana, lagha, Sargas II, V, ansasandesa adukasahasra iratarjuniya with Coi -a c.§ > j: -re jD -^ 2 re i- 1- a, > -S, ~S "i- > re n! c- .b -c re .2 ankaravijaya marusatakavyakhyar hartrihari . hojacharitra, Dasaku udarsanasataka, with arakalasvamin Asht tottaratrisati and Sah ankhyaratnakosha, v\ Chamui.idikalaghunig Grahanadarpana. ritattvanidhi, Chamui Z Z2i; :u'j: m:^ c/5 CA) •anSornii;,') pio t^vO 00 in CO O Ov *+ ^ in w N o c\ „ 31)1 u] JOquinM in S\ « -+ ON m t^ VO ro -t ^-C CO r^co t^ C CO 1- G Oi -. m CN CO M ro 4 -1- ■+ r^oD C^ O „ N CO -t- ino t^ CO •jaqmiifj 't -t- -+ -1- •+ LO in m m in in in m in in lO in lo in lo lo inm LO in in in m in in in Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. .87 rt '^ Ml) " "O Si o i rt" C > O- H O 2 rt 3 -^ H O M rt rt bo rt 3 c bo 3 c rt:^ z ^f/1 i 0. rt nl -re rt >-- P •c:^ F cfl t:i:u CAj H E - 22 S o- rt ca ^ c- A< ■- 5> en rt hJ n) rt .:: !. rt Cll c b/ sz c E E > 7 E E c3 U >, •t: S .t-c -o ^ B. ^ ■ ^ *^ 1-; nl c 5 c ■n ratnak withC ka, Sa ratnak a. > a E -re %2.%% -a > rt j: n c^ c j= rt c m 01 •v3 (/) 00 W (A) < ffl ^ 0) Sue*'," -re 4 ^ rt '-S . J =5 2.ts-2, rt .^ *yj 'VJ ^ r ^ rt S.I rt _rt 2 S E cfl c- rt Us '^ ."^ c ^ rt rt 2 'c TH .£-=5 (/J C/3 c«u:3 »n ■* ■^00 r^ cs •"■ tOOO r^ ^N. 00 t^ O\00 -rt* 10 10 10 uo 10 10 Collection and Preservation of the E - 'H ^ bf. rt _b/3 rt - ,t* c ' ^ rt C H ,;5 > =: ^ >Z H rt « ■n • — 3 a > C 'E j: -a ii r. cQ > rt -3 -3 -3 J5 "2 a. a. o-S 4? S E Eg '=•■5 -5 -5 -S ' ?.2 2 iS'S- ^rt rt rt « "■Erf Ej= rt E E • o o CJU •£■5 ■'I '5 nj rt c] ■re b/jT3 g -ra -™ E E • o U rt •- i_ > ^ " > -C 3 b & t 0! S J2 « §^„-S.£-S-5^ 5-™^ 2 n! > 4<: n! ^ft j^ 3 E S — -^ ^-n-^ zi ^■ ^.s rt .DCQtiS<2 UOiOS^iAj^iiDSD- ASc/jS^cfl'O- am ui jaquiu]^ r-^ t^ ID lO lO 'D « ■- -+VC lO r^ t^ lO lO LO loco Cn i/^ lo to ^CO CO CO CO CO c Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. '^ ! -re re -o = f= ;i,g re re c fii — X ^ ->." « «,„ -p E- o .5 ^^Ji rrr' re re •.£"■'5 re h-S<<>a.> > >, OS c- re •S . .3 . . • E • • --^ H . . . •c -a c- ^ '^ 1^ re 3 2. re c re dhaprap asika . Iigraha anda . andacha dhara . anidarp rt rataparudriya 1. wit asarupaka . ■imalinganusasa niarasudha marapadaparija karan anigha nighan sanigh -2 Panchayud Kavyaprak Alankarasa Kuvalayan Kuvalayan Rasagan ga Alankaram Sabdaratnj Dhanaiijaj Halayudha Visvapraka ^C/) a. CZ<< c^ O roro »0 O TO r^vo r^vo lOlO - N lO N r^ tn\r.\r> " " -. n ro Tt- lovo t^ CO 0> <> ^ On C^ C O lo 10 lo u-- lo l/^^ o \C o o ^ ^ ^ VO "I 190 Collection and Preservation of the No. 2342, dated the 30th November 1869. Endorsed by the Foreign Department. Forwarded to the Home Department, with reference to the resolu- tion from that Department, No. 4348, dated 3rd November 1868. From L. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I. , Chief Commissioner of Mysore, to E.C. Bayley, Esq., Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 451, dated Bangalore, the 27th January 1870. Referring to Mr. Under-Secretary Geoghegan's docket No. 2920, dated the 25th June 1869, I have the honour to forward, for submission to His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General in Council, the accom- panying two printed copies of a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. Vide Proceedings No. 92, dated 19th March 1870. — Index No. 211. From L. Bowring, Esq., C.S.I., Chief Commissioner of Mysore, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, No. 449, dated Bangalore, the 27th January 1870. Adverting to my letter No. 298 of the 8th October 1869, I have the honour to forward, for submission to His Excellency the Viceroy and Gov- ernor-General in Council, the accompanying five printed copies of a clas- sified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. No, 2S3 G., dated the 14th February 1870. Endorsed by the Foreign Department. Forwarded to the Home Department, in continuation of the docket from this office, No. 2342, dated 30th November 1869, together with five copies of the classified catalogue. From J. Geoghegan, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Depart- ment, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — No. 1201, dated the 3rd March 1870. With reference to your letter No. 1976, dated the i8th August last, and previous correspondence, on the subject of the preservation of the records of ancient Sanskrit literature, I am directed to request that, with the per- mission of His Excellency the Governor in Council, Dr. Kielhorn may be Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 191 asked to submit a report on the enclosed copy of a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. From J. Geoghegan, Esq., Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, — No. 1202, dated the 3rd March 1870. With reference to the resolution of this Department, dated the 3rd November 1868, relative to the discovery and preservation of the records of ancient Sanskrit literature in India, I am directed to forward, for the infor- mation of the Asiatic Society, copy of a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. From E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S.I. , Secretary to the Government of India, Home De- partment, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Legislative Depart- ment, — No. 1203, dated the 3rd March 1870. I am directed to forward herewith, for your information, a copy of a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. From the Government of India, to the Secretary of State for India, — No. 34, dated the 15th March 1870. We transmit herewith three copies of a " Classified Catalogue of San- skrit works in the Sarasvatibhandaram Library of His Highness the Maha- raja of Mysore." We beg that a copy may be forwarded to the Royal Asiatic Society. Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Bombay, General Department, — No. ygi, dated the 2nd April iSyo. Read — Letter from the Director of Public Instruction, No. 4887, dated 25th March 1870, for- warding a letter from Dr. Kielhorn, in which he reports on the catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, forwarded with Government Resolution No. 627, dated the loth idem; and requesting instructions as to the amendments which that gentleman suggests in the method of compiling and printing catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts now in force. Resolution. — Dr. Kielhom's report to be forwarded to the Govern- ment of India, with reference to Mr. Under-Secretary Geoghegan's letter No. 1 20 1 of the 3rd ultimo. 192 Collection and Preservation of the No. 792. Forwarded for the information of the Government of India, with a copy of Mr. Peile's letter and accompaniment. From J. B. Peile, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, to the Officiating Chief Secre- tary to the Government of Bombay, General Department, — No. 48S7, dated Poona, the 25th March 1870. I have the honour to forward a report by Dr. Kielhorn on the copy of a catalogue received with Resolution No. 627 of loth March, General De- partment, and to solicit instructions as to the amendments which he sug- gests in the method of compiling and printing catalogues of Sanskrit manu- scripts now in force. From Dr. F. Kielhorn, Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, Deccan College, to the Director of Public Instruction, Bombay, — No. 122, dated Poona, the 22nd March 1870. In compliance with your letter No. 479S of 1869-70, I have the honour to submit to you, for the information of Government, the following report on a " Classified Catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Sarasvatibhandaram Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore." 2. In order to execute the orders of Government, I will (i) endeavour to state which of the works contained in the catalogue under report are already printed or to be found amongst the manuscripts of the various public libraries in Europe ; (2) comment on the manner in which this cata- logue has been prepared, and suggest how, in my opinion, similar cata- logues should be prepared and arranged to be of real use ; and (3) submit such observations on the practice of printing the catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts which are now being prepared in various parts of India, as have occurred to me since I have been engaged myself in carrying out in the Southern Division of this Presidency the Resolution of the Government of India, No. 4339, dated 3rd November 1868. 3. With a view to discover which of the works contained in this cata- logue are unknown, or at least inaccessible, to European scholars, I have compared it with the catalogues of the Sanskrit manuscripts of the India Office Library, of the Bodleian Library at Oxford, of the Royal Library at Berlin, and with some smaller catalogues, such as that of the Sanskrit manu- scripts of Trinity College, Cambridge, &c. The result of this comparison Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 193 is, that of the 608 works of the catalogue under report, 468 are already in Europe. Among these : — Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 10, II, 17, 18, 28, 42, 44, 50, 59, 143, 175, 293, 295, 298. 300, 310. 315. 3-1. 324. 328. 330, 332. 341. 342, 344- 347. 359. 363. 365, 396, 399, 414. 440. 538, 567. 542, 545. 549. 55i. 553. 554. 54°, 569. 575. 583. 586, 605, and 608. 4. But, in making this statement, I would guard against the belief that all the remaining 140 works of the catalogue under report have, up to the present, been inaccessible to European scholars. On the contrary, I have the strongest suspicion that many of the remaining works are likewise already to be found in Europe, and that only the circumstance of their not having been described in the present catalogue with sufficient care and accuracy prevents me from recognising them again in the catalogues of European libraries ; e. g., I suspect that No. 3, which is put down as Mahabrahmana, i. e., the great Brahmana, is nothing else than the Aita- reyabrahmana of the Rigveda, which is well known and printed. No. 13, Ashtottara Satopanishats (which should have been written Ashtot- tarasatopanishad), means merely 108 Upanishads, and it is impossible to say whether any of the 108 Upanishads contained in this work are as yet unknown in Europe. Or, to bring an instance of a somewhat different nature, it is easy to conjecture that the commentator who, under Nos. 539, 543, and 548, is called Peddabhatta, is the same scholar who commonly goes by the name of Mallinatha ; but the truth or falsehood of this con- jecture cannot be ascertained except by a reference to the manuscripts. Again, it is impossible to discover from the statements made under Nos. 20 to 27, to which portions or branches of the Yajurveda the commentaries mentioned in the catalogue refer, &c. 5. I would therefore suggest that an intelligent Pandit should be em- ployed to re-catalogue the following manuscripts : — Nos. 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19, 27, 43, 51, 58, 144, 174, 294, 299, 311. 314, 322, 323, 329, 333, 340, 343, 345, 346, 360, 362, 364, 397, 398, 415, 439, 539, 543, 544, 546, 548, 550, 552, 555, 566, 568, 570, 574, 584, 585, 606, and 607 ; and I need not say that I shall be glad again to report on a new catalogue of these manu- scripts should the Government of India desire me to do so. 6. The catalogue under report gives more information regarding the manuscripts described in it than is usually found in Native lists, but it is deficient in some important particulars. It contains no information regarding the age of the works catalogued, nor any statements concerning N 194 Collection and Preservation of the their bulk ; moreover, in many cases, the titles of the works seem to me to have been transcribed from the outside of the first or last leaf of the manu- scripts, while they should have been given as found in the introductory or the last lines of the works themselves. Under No. 316, a work is cata- logued as Chintamani, whereas its real title is Tattvachintamani. Under No. 314, we find a work called in the catalogue Siromanivyakhyana, while its true name appears to be Anumanamanididhititippani. Finally, the catalogue seems to have been transcribed in Roman character by a person ignorant of Sanskrit. For only thus can I account for such errors as, e. g., that committed under Nos. 308 and 309, where Manorama is given as the name of the author of a commentary on the Siddhantakaumudi, whereas it is really the title of that commentary. 7. As it is of great importance that the catalogues of Native libraries which are now being prepared in this country should be as accurate as pos- sible, and should give the greatest possible and the most trustworthy in- formation regarding the books catalogued, within the smallest compass, I venture to suggest that whenever any Native owners of books will permit their books to be catalogued, the following rules should be strictly ob- served : — [a). All catalogues should be prepared by Sanskrit scholars. Native or European ; when prepared by Native scholars, they should be written (if possible) in the Devanagari character, and not be transcribed in Roman character. {b). The catalogues should give the following information : — (i). The title of the work. (2). The name of the author. (Both should be taken from the introductory or the closing lines of the work catalogued ; e. g., a work may on its outside bear the title Paribhasha, but in the interior it may be called Paribha- shendusekharaprakasika ; if, in this case, the work is catalogued as Paribhasha, the information to be derived therefrom is ex- tremely small, whereas the title Paribhashendusekharapraka- sika would inform us at once that the work is a commentary on the Paribhashendusekhara of Nagojibhatta. Wherever it may be difficult or impossible to make out the title or the author's name, the introductory and final lines of the work to be cata- logued should be carefully given in the catalogue in the Deva- nagari character.) Records of A)icient Sanskrit Literature. 195 (3). The number of the leaves, the average number of lines on each page, and the number of slokas, to be calculated in the Native fashion. (4). The age of the manuscripts. Under this head it should be dis- tinctly stated whether the year in which the manuscript was written is given in the manuscript, and if so, according to what era, or whether the person cataloguing it infers the age from the appearance of the work, the paper, the handwriting, &c. (5). Substance on which written, and character. (6). Where deposited, and in whose possession. (7). Remarks. (c). All works catalogued should be classified according to their contents in one uniform manner. As a model for such a classification, I propose for Vedic works the classification adopted by Profes- sor Weber in his catalogue of the manuscripts of the Royal Library at Berlin, and, for other Sanskrit works, that followed by Professsor Aufrecht in his catalogue of the Sanskrit manu- scripts of the Bodleian Library at Oxford. The more uniform the arrangement of the works catalogued in India is with that of the catalogues of the great European Libraries, the easier it will be to decide which of the manuscripts catalogued are already within reach of European scholars, and which are not yet ac- cessible to them, and should therefore be either purchased or copied. I am aware that my plan for cataloguing manuscripts will, at the outset, entail more labour and expense than that hitherto adopted ; but experience has convinced me that its adoption will save much useless labour and ex- pense in the end. 8. Finally, I venture to submit a few observations on the practice of printing the catalogues of manuscripts of Native libraries. According to paragraph 2 of the letter No. 4350 from the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, dated Simla, the 3rd November 1868, all procurable unprinted lists of Sans- krit manuscripts in the Native libraries should be printed. I take the liberty to suggest that much unnecessary expense will be incurred, and much labour uselessly expended, if this order be carried out to its full ex- tent. Experience has taught me that, of the works catalogued in Native lists, generally at least half the number are duplicates, and of the remain- ing half at least two-thirds are either printed or otherwise within reach of 196 Collection and Preservation of the all Sanskrit scholars. I am, therefore, humbly of opinion that it would be both in the interest of Government, and also in that of those Sanskrit scholars who are likely to use the catalogues of manuscripts printed in India, to direct those who superintend the printing of catalogues in the various parts of this country to strike out of the lists all duplicate copies (except in the case of very important manuscripts), and to leave out likewise all those works which are already to be found in the great Sanskrit Libraries of Europe, i. e., the Library of the India Office, the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and the Royal Library at Berlin. From E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S. I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home De- partment, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, — No. 3705, dated Simla, the 9th August 1870. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your communication. No. 792, dated 2nd April last, submitting a report by Dr. Kielhorn on the cata- loo-ue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore ; and, in reply, to state that his suggestions for re-cataloguing more carefully the 140 volumes indicated by him has been adopted, and the Chief Commissioner of Mysore has been asked to take the necessary steps for carrying it out. 2. Professor Kielhorn's general remarks as to the preparation of the catalogues of Sanskrit manuscipts have the concurrence of the Governor- General in Council, who agrees in the conclusion that it is most desirable to have the lists prepared in the manner suggested, wherever practicable. But His Excellency in Council apprehends that it would be impossible, generally, to get sufficiently qualified scholars for the performance of the work. 3. The main difficulty would seem to be to obtain any lists of the Sanskrit libraries at all ; and it is but few persons — and these, of course, very often far from the best qualified — who at present can get access to them at all. It is,- however, a great step to have even a rough catalogue prepared ; for it enables a scholar like Dr. Kielhorn to say at once what works are, or are not, worth attention. 4. On the whole. His Excellency in Council thinks that the present method of preparing catalogues of the ancient Sanskrit works is the best to insist upon, although, wherever a competent scholar can be found. Dr. Kielhorn's suggestion might be followed ; and at any rate, if the writer Records of Ancient Sa)iskf-it Litcrntnre. 197 could, in each case, enter in his catalogue the first and last few lines of a manuscript, it would add great value to the lists ; and this is so merely mechanical that His Excellency in Council believes that almost any one qualified to make a list can do it. From E. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S.I., Secretary to the Government of India, Home De- partment, to the Chief Commissioner of Mysore, — No. 3706, dated Simla, the 9th August 1870. With reference to your letter No. 451, dated the 27th January last, forwarding a classified catalogue of Sanskrit works in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, I am directed to transmit herewith * rr^ -^ , «, ,,,,,,„ copy of a correspond- * To Bombay, No. 1201, dated 3rd March 1S70. '^ ■' . From „ „ 792, „ 2nd April „ and enclosures. ence* with the Gov- To „ „ 3705, ,, gth Aucfust „ i r r> 1, ^' -" " ^ ° ernment of Bombay, with a report by Dr. Kielhorn on the catalogue in question, and to request that you will be good enough to cause the necessary steps to be taken for giving effect to Dr. Kielhorn's proposal to re-catalogue the 140 volumes indicated by him. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Governments of Madras, Bombay, North-Western Pro- vinces and the Punjab, and the Chief Commissioners of Oudh and the Central Provinces, — Nos. 6 — 398-403, dated the 6th March 1876. I am directed to request that an annual catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts discovered inf may be submitted to the Government of India in the Home Department, in place of the quarterly catalogue called for in Home Depart- ment Nos. 4349-55>t t 4349, Madras. 4350, Bombay. 4351, N.-W. Provinces. 4352, Punjab. 4354, Oudh. dated 3rd November 4355, Central Provinces. ^ggg jhe form pre- scribed in the orders cited should, however, be retained. No. 404. Copy forwarded to Foreign Department, with a request that the necessary instructions may be given to the Agent, Governor-General, Rajputana. 198 Collection and Preservation of the From A. P. IIomell, Esq., Officiating I'ndcr-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal, — No. 6405, dated the i6th March 1876. I am directed to request that an annual catalogue of Sanskrit manu- scripts discovered in Bengal may be submitted to the Government of India in the Home Department, instead of the quarterly catalogue asked for in Home Department No. 4353, dated 3rd November 1868. The present form in which the notices of Sanskrit manuscripts are published by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, under the orders of the Government of Bengal, may be adhered to. From J. A. Bourdillon, Esq., OliFiciating Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, to the Secretaries to the Governments of Madras and the Pun- jab, and the Chief Commissioners of Oudh and the Central Provinces, — Nos. 12 — 616-619, dated the 5th April 1S76. With reference to paragraph 3 of this office circular, dated 3rd Novem- ber 1868, regarding the discovery and preservation of the records of an- cient Sanskrit literature, I am directed to request that a report may * The Madras Presidency and be Submitted, as early as practicable, of the Mysore, the Punjab, Oudh, the . •_ Central Provinces. work actually done m* up to the end of 1875, towards carrying out the scheme set forth in the circular above cited. 2. The report should shew the names of the Sanskrit manuscripts ac- quired for Government, where they are deposited, and whether any manu- scripts, and, if so, how many, and what, manuscripts have been supplied to Oriental scholars or institutions in Europe and elsewhere. No. 620. Copy forwarded to the Foreign Department, with reference to this office No. 4356, dated 3rd November 1868, and with a request that orders to the above effect may be communicated to the Governor-General's Agent in Rajputana. From the Hon'ble W. Hudleston, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 391, dated Ootacamund, the 6th October 1876. With reference to your Under-Secretary Mr. J. A. Bourdillon's letter, -, ^ , . , , , c <: ^^'^^^ the 5th April 1876, No. 12 — 616, I am No. 1500, dated 7th June 1S76. . -^ 1 / ' 7 directed to forward, for the information of the Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 199 Government of India, copy of a letter from the Director of Public Instruc- tion marginally noted. From the Director of Public Instruction, Madras, to the Chief Secretary to the Govern- ment of Madras, — No. 1560, dated Madras, the 7th June 1876. I have the honour, with reference to G. O. No. 164 of the 5th May 1876, to submit the accompanying letter from the Professor of Sanskrit, from which it will be seen that Dr. Oppert was not aware of the existence of G. O. No. 423 of the i6th December 1868, which he supposes was taken away by Mr. Pickford. 2. As I entered on my duties only last year, I can supply no information from personal knowledge, and find but little on record. 3. The duty of carrying out the instructions of the Government of India was committed to Mr. Pickford in December 1868 ; but Mr. Pickford was compelled by severe illness to return to Europe in March 1870, and never returned. Mr. Venkata Subba Sastri, who was appointed to act as Sans- krit Professor, also fell ill and died in the following year, and a young graduate, Mr. Seshagiri Aiyer, afterwards acted in this post until Dr. Op- pert arrived in 1872. 4. Three of Mr. Pickford's reports are recorded in G. O. No. 84 of the 15th March i86g. No. 105 of the ist April 1869, and No. 46 of the loth February 1870. On referring to G. O. No. 32 of the 30th January 1873, which does not seem to have been communicated to Dr. Oppert, although he was then in India, it will be seen that the Government of India made enquiries regarding the distribution of the catalogues printed from time to time in this Presidency, and that Mr. Powell reported that no such catalogues had been printed, the only one which had been prepared having been taken to England by Mr. Pickford. Mr. Powell was directed to communicate with Mr. Pickford on the subject ; and, on the nth June 1873, he submitted to Government a copy of a letter which he had received from Mr. Pickford. Mr. Pickford stated that, when he left, he had two catalogues in hand ; that one of these was fairly advanced and already in process of printing at the Foster Press ; and that copies of both these catalogues were deposited in the library. Mr. Powell reported, however, that he had had a search made for these papers by the Hindu who was appointed to act for Mr. Pickford* and that they could not be found. Collection and Preservation of the 5. When Mr. Pickford left India, the post of Acting Sanskrit Professor was offered to Mr. Lingam Lakshmaji Puntalu, of Ganjam, and dechned by him. It will be seen, however, from G. O. No. 156 of the I2th May 1870,' and No. 229 of the 14th July 1870, that he was authorised to institute a search for rare Sanskrit manuscripts in the Northern Sircars, and that funds were provided for the transcription or purchase of such manuscripts as might be determined on, after comparing his list with the books in the Oriental Library. A few Sanskrit manuscripts in the Uriya character were accordingly sent by Lingam Lakshmaji Puntalu to Madras, and these are believed to be now deposited in the Oriental Manuscript Library. 6. Dr. Burnell was appointed, in G. O. No. 71 of the i6th March 1871, to catalogue the Sanskrit Library at Tanjore, and sanction for printing the catalogue in England was given in G. O. No. 371 of the 6th December 1871. 7. In G. O. No. 367 of the 23rd November 1870, Dr. Burnell's services were placed at the disposal of the Chief Commissioner of Mysore for the examination of the Sanskrit manuscripts in Mysore, but I am nat aware with what result. From the Professor of Sanskrit, Presidency College, Madras, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, — dated Madras, the 22nd May 1876. I much regret to report that the Government order containing the cir- cular of the Home Department of the Government of India, dated 3rd November 1868, is not in the records of the Government Oriental Manu- script Library, and that its contents were unknown to me up to the 18th instant, when the Director of Public Instruction communicated them to me. Had I been acquainted with that order, I should have gladly acted according to it, the more so as I learnt there was a yearly allowance of Rs. 850 assigned to the library to fulfil the demands of that order. 2. How it came that my predecessor, Mr. Pickford, did not deposit it, I do not know ; perhaps he regarded it as a matter concerning him per- sonally as Professor of Sanskrit. As the acting successors of Mr. Pickford also did not comply with that order, I presume they were also ignorant of it. 3. Mr. Pickford commenced to catalogue manuscripts at Tanjore, which work was, after the departure of Mr. Pickford, entrusted to Dr. Burnell (see G. O. dated i6th March 1871, No. 71). The only increase added to the Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. library was the purchase of Sanskrit manuscripts for which were paid R90 (see G. O. dated 29th October 1872, No. 304). 4. When I assumed charge of the library on the 4th November 1872, I found it in a bad condition, and I reported on it on the 14th February 1873 (see G. 0. dated nth August 1873, No. 250). Since then, the manu- scripts have been nearly all catalogued and placed in good teakwood glass- cases, which I received in January this year. 5. Now that the manuscripts are safely housed and well taken care of, the grant for the extension of the library will be very welcome, and I shall use it to the benefit of that institution. I can even now devote more time to this purpose, as the duties of teaching and lecturing, which formerly devolved on me alone, are, since the end of last year, shared with a Na- tive Assistant Professor of Sanskrit. 6. I request you will kindly forward to me the Government order con- taininsf the circular above mentioned. From J. W. Neill, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Depart- ment, — No. 3131-139. dated Nagpur, the 15th August 1876. I am directed to send, with advertence to your letter No. 12 16, dated 22nd July, the accompanying copy of a letter from the Inspector-General of Education, regarding the preparation of the catalogue of Sanskrit manu- scripts in these Provinces. Mr. Browning's report gives all the informa- tion required, and I am to explain that, through inadvertence, the orders contained in your letter Nos. 12 — 616-620, of the 5th April, were not communicated to the Inspector-General, and the report required was there- fore not furnished. 2. The Chief Commissioner agrees very generally in what the Inspector- General has said. He fears that few Sanskrit manuscripts of any value are likely to be found in these Provinces, which are almost wholly wanting in a literary class. 3. With reference to the number of copies of the catalogue in store, I am to enquire whether copies for distribution among other Governments and Administrations should be sent to you, or whether the distribution should be made direct. Collection and Preservation of the From C. A. R. Brownmng, Esq., M.A., Inspector-General of Education Central Prov- inces, to the Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of the Centra! Provinces, — No. 6071, dated the 2nd August 1876. I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your enfacement No. 2987-135 of the ist August, forwarding a copy of a letter No. 1216, dated 22nd July, from the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, to which I have the honour to reply. 2. Letter No. 6-403 of i6th March 1876, from the Secretary to the Gov- ernment of India, Home Department, to the Chief Commissioner, was received by me, and to that letter, and your enfacement No. 1120-49 of 24th March last, I duly replied ; but no letter or circular Nos. 12 — 616-620 of the 5th April last, from the Home Department, has ever been received in my ofifice. 3. It is now understood, for the first fiftie, that a report is called for on the work actually done up to the end of 1875, shewing the names of manuscripts acquired for Government, where they were deposited, and whether any manuscripts, and, if so, how piany, had been supplied to Oriental scholars and institutions in Europe and elsewhere. This report I now have the honour to submit. 4. On receipt of circulars Nos. 4349 and 4354, dated 3rd November 1868, forwarding Resolution of the Government of India on the prepara- tion of catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts, and the purchase or transcrip- tion of such Sanskrit manuscripts, the possession of which competent scholars deemed to be desirable as being " unique," " extremely old," or for other reasons, the Chief Commissioner issued General Circular No. 9 of the 13th January 1869, requiring Deputy Commissioners to ascertain the existence of Native libraries in any of the districts of the Central Pro- vinces. On receipt of their replies with preliminary lists of existing manu- scripts, a competent Native scholar, Mr. Vishnusastri, was appointed to visit such libraries, and to prepare a list, to be edited by Professor Kiel- horn. Full instructions were conveyed in your No. 3183-333 of the 27th December 1870. The list was completed, edited by Professor Kielhom, and published in 1874. In the meantime, after the issue of the first instructions of the Government of India^ and before the publication of the catalogue, three lists of learned Societies and Orientalists were sent by the Government of India, to whom copies of the catalogue were to be sent, namely the lists with No. 479C. of 23rd October 1872, with No. 1770 of 21st May 1873, and, finally with No. 665C. of 24th October 1873, from the Officiating Secretary to Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 203 the Government of India, Military Department, in charge of the Home De- partment. Accordingly, copies of the catalogue were sent to all the learned Societies and Orientalists named in the last-quoted list, and to the officers President, High School ^°'"" "°*^^ '" ""^^ '"^''g'"- ^ ^'^^ remember to have Pandit Vishnusastri . . I addressed the Home Secretary demi-ofificially Deputy Commissioners, regarding the number of copies that would be Central Provinces . -19 •ji.irT t^ Curator, Nagpur Museum. I required by the Home Department, and was, £''■'''1 lrPf'''°y^ q\ r ^ if I remember correctly, told that, as I had Head Master, Zila School, -" , t^o i naii Sagar .... I sent, or was about to send, all the copies to ""iSs, SrTpro! th^ Societies and Orientalists named in the vinces .... I list I have quoted, only five copies need be Inspector-General of Edu- j ii.ji,i rr ' r^n- cation, Central Provinces I despatched to the Home Office. I accordmg- "^ ly directed the publishers to send five copies To Oriental scholars and to the Home Office ; and as, out of an edition Societies. . . . 131 r _ • t • 1 . To Home Department . 5 °* ^50 copies, I received only 245, I suppose 7^ this was done. I still have, after sending five Total . 165 copies to the Home Office, 29 to the above- Printed . 250 mentioned officers, and 131 to learned Socie- Number in hand . "85 ties and Orientalists, some 85 copies in store, and I have directed that four copies be now sent for the use of the Government of India, Home Department. In the absence of advice to the contrary, these four copies have been sent to Calcutta addressed to the Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department. 5. I have acquired in original no manuscripts for Government, but have obtained copies of the following manuscripts, which are placed in the Museum Library, Nagpur : — 1. Ratnamarijari, by Rajasekhara (drama). 2. Purvami'mansasiitra, by Jaimini. 3. Nyayaprakasatika, by Anantadeva. I have also sent copies of the above manuscripts to Professor Kielhorn together with two copies of Harikarikavyakhyana by Helaraja (grammar), and I have sent two copies of manuscripts to Dr. Biihler, namely, Chan- dralokatika (rhetoric) and Sekharanabha (drama). No other Oriental scholars have asked for any manuscripts excepting Captain Jacob, Inspector of Army Schools, Bombay, and he will receive a copy of the manuscript he requires. 6. I have not received any "desiderata," though it was supposed such would from time to time be forwarded : vide paragraph 4 of Nos. 4349 204 Collection and Preservation of the and 4354 of 3rd November 1868. I would add that, so far as I have had copies taken of manuscripts — generally themselves copies — I have found such manuscripts to be very incorrect. I do not for a moment believe that many manuscripts in addition to those already catalogued exist in the Cen- tral Provinces. There is not a single seat of ancient Sanskrit learning in these Provinces. The few manuscripts that exist were probably brought from Northern or Western India by immigrant pandits — not, I should say, themselves very learned men, but rather adventurers, who accompanied in- vading Mahrattas. Even now there are only thirteen towns in the Central Provinces of more than 10,000 inhabitants. In other parts of India Sanskrit learning is dying or dead ; here it never existed, and is not likely now to commence. Dr. Haug, mentioned by the Officiating Home Secretary, is not, I believe, now in India. I have no doubt that Professors Kiel- horn and Biihler do continually find fresh manuscripts of value in the Dec- can, Gujarat, and Kasmir, where Sanskrit learning once flourished. Pos- sibly they would be equally successful in Bengal and the North-Western Provinces ; but even their learning and activity w^ould, I am afraid, fail to detect manuscripts of value in these rudely rustic Provinces, where, in some places, a bamboo guitar is esteemed a treasure, bows and arrows weapons not to be despised, and the people are not Hindus, still less Brahmans. It might be supposed that as, of late years, the Mahanadi and Narmada have grown in reputed sanctity, the influx of Brahmans with pilgrims would have intro- duced perhaps stray Sanskrit manuscripts. But these directors of religious ceremonies are the most illiterate of their caste, and, even if they know a little Sanskrit, only value their knowledge as it enables them " to eat a piece of bread." I believe it will be quite sufficient to direct Zila Inspect- ors to send in, once a year, reports of any Sanskrit libraries they may have discovered and been able to examine ; or when Pandit Vishnusastri has finished his archaeological work, he may once again be appointed to see what fresh Sanskrit manuscripts he can bring to light. In this case, a grant of not less than R 1,080 annually will be necessary, and I am much afraid that there will be no results commensurate with the outlay. From Major A. Murray, Officiating Personal Assistant to the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, — No. 3015, dated Lucknow, the 5th July 1876. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 12 — 61 g, dated 5th April last, calling for a report of the work actually done up to Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 205 the end of 1875 towards carrying out the scheme for the preservation of ancient Sanskrit literature set forth in Resolution of the Government of India in the Home Department, No. 4343, dated 3rd November 1868. 2. In reply, I am directed to submit the accompanying copy of letters Nos. 962, dated 17th June, and 10 15, dated 23rd June, from the Director of Public Instruction, giving the particulars asked for. 3. On receipt of the above-quoted Resolution with your office letter No. 4354, dated 3rd November 1868, it was circulated to Deputy Commis- sioners, who were requested, with the co-operation of learned Natives, to prepare lists of Sanskrit literature in Oudh. These lists were received in 1871 ; they were very incomplete, and Mr. Browning, the Director of Public Instruction, was then requested to take the necessary measures for carrying into effect the wishes of the Government of India. 4. In answer to a reference on the subject to the Accountant-General North-Western Provinces, the Chief Commissioner was informed by that officer, in a letter dated 21st June 1871, that the allowance of Ri 600 per annum, which had been sanctioned for the purpose, had lapsed in the years previous to 1871-72, and that in that year the Government of India had sanctioned R900 only for the purchase of books, and purchase and transcription of manuscripts, out of Ri,6oo estimated; and of this Mr. Browning was informed. The measures taken by Mr. Browning to carry out the scheme are given in detail in Mr. Nesfield's letters, and it will be seen that lists have been prepared, but that very few manuscripts have been copied, and no original manuscripts have been purchased. 5. The amount now entered in the Educational budget in order to carry out the scheme is Ri,oi2, and the Director of Public Instruction considers that the buying and transcribing of rare manuscripts cannot be effected within reasonable time, unless some pecuniary assistance can be rendered to his department, equal, at least, to half the allotment entered in his budget. From the Director of Public Instruction in Oudh, to the Officiating Junior Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, — No. 962, dated the 17th June 1S76. In compliance with your endorsement No. 1734, dated Lucknow, 15th April 1876, I have the honour to submit the report called for by the Gov- ernment of India, shewing what has been done in Oudh up to the end of 1S75 towards carrying out the scheme set forth in their Resolution dated 3rd November i868. My delay in submitting this report has arisen from the 2o6 Collection and Preservation of the fact that much of tlie infonnation which I required before writing this report has been only very recently received in my office. 2. In order to shew what has been done in Oudh, and also to account for what has not been done, it will be necessary to make a few preliminary re- marks as to the circumstances under which this Department was first com- missioned to carry out the scheme, and the funds with which it was provided for that purpose. 3. The objects of the scheme set forth in the Government Resolution were — (i) to purchase such manuscripts as the possessors were willing to sell at a reason- able rate ; (2) to employ copyists to transcribe copies which were unique, extremely old, or otherwise desirable, but which the possessors refused to part with ; and (3) to prepare and submit quarterly lists of the manuscripts ascertained to exist during the previous quarter. To carry out these three objects, the Government of India provided from the Imperial Treasury R500 per annum for the travelling expenses of the scholar to be sent out on tour, R500 per annum for the purchase of manu- scripts, and R600 for transcribing those manuscripts which could not be purchased. While ample allowance was thus made for the discovery, pur- chase, and transcription of manuscripts, no provision was made for the salary of the scholar to be employed. 4. From the date of the Government of India's Resolution up till 5th June 1871, — that is, for two years and seven months, — no orders relating to the scheme were received in this office ; nor was any notice sent that such a scheme had been prepared. The first notice of any kind received by the late Director, Mr. Browning, was through Secretary to Chief Commissioner's docket No. 2710, dated 5th June 1871, in which a file of correspondence in original was forwarded for perusal, and the Director was requested first to make himself thoroughly acquainted with the wishes of Government, and then to take the necessary measures for carrying them into effect. As the file of correspondence was returned after perusal, all that I am myself able to say respecting it is, that it consisted of a series of letters on the sub- ject of the scheme, which had passed between the Secretary to the Chief Commissioner and the divisional and district officers in the interim from November 1868 to June 1871, and that it contained lists of Sanskrit manu- scripts prepared in the same interval by the Deputy Commissioner of each district. These lists were retained by the Director of Public Instruction, but the correspondence was returned. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 207 5. In his reply, this office No. 1060, dated 27th June 1871, to the above docket, Mr. Browning proposed that the scholar to be appointed " to search for additional manuscripts" and prepare the^ quarterly lists, should be Pan- dit Deviprasada, Head Master of the Model School, Lucknow. Regard- ing the sum sanctioned by the Government of India, for Oudh, namely, Ri,6oo, he suggested that it should be drawn annually for five years and formed into a fund, and that any savings which might accrue after a lapse of five years could be returned to the Treasury after the plan adopted in the North-Western Provinces. In the Secretary to Chief Commissioner's reply to this (No. 3246, dated loth July 1 871), the appointment of Pandit Devi- prasada for the search after additional manuscripts, and the preparation of quarterly lists, was approved of ; but, in regard to the financial proposals respecting the annual allotment of Ri,6oo made by the Government of India, the Director was informed that the sums sanctioned for the years 1868-69, 1869-70, and 1870-71 had all lapsed, and that, in the current year's budget, Rgoo only had been provided. 6. In the letter of appointment sent by the Director, Mr. Browning, to This office No. 1267, dated 14th Pandit Deviprasada, the duties of the Pandit J"'y '^71- .^vere thus defined :— " You are appointed under orders from the Government of India, No. 4354, dated 3rd November 1868, to procure lists of Sanskrit manuscripts to be found in the several Native libraries that may exist in Oudh. It will be your duty to prepare^ four times a year, a catalogue of all the manuscripts found by you in the previous quarter." 7. From what has been reported thus far, respecting the measures adopt- ed in this province for working out the scheme under notice, four facts have been elicited — (i) that no provision was made from the first by the Government of India for the salary of the scholar to be employed to work the scheme, and that, hence, the scholar selected by Mr. Browning was to receive his salary in the nominal capacity of Head Master of a school ; (2) that the provision of Ri,6oo made in i868, partly for the travelling expenses of the scholar, partly for the purchase of manuscripts, and partly for the transcription of those manuscripts which could not be purchased, had, by July 1871, decreased to H900 ; (3) that this allotment of H900 was not included in the Educational Provincial Services budget, but came from some source other than departmental funds, the Chief Commissioner himself undertaking to pay the travelling bills; and 2o8 Collection and Preservation of the (4) that, out of the three objects of the original scheme as described above, one only was taken in hand, namely, the discovering and codifying of Sanskrit manu- scripts ; while the other two objects, namely the purchasing and the transcrip- tion of manuscripts, for which R50oand i{6tw had been provided, respectively, in the original grant, were either dropped or lost sight of. 8. I do not understand why, in his letter No. 1060, dated 27th June 1871, in whicli the late Director first submitted for approval his plans for working the scheme, he made no proposal for either copying or purchasing manu- scripts, but confined himself simply to the project of discovering what manuscripts existed, and preparing quarterly lists. But the announcement made in your reply (No. 3246, dated loth July 1871), that only R900 were available for working the scheme, would, in any case have prevented him from doing much more than this. Nor is it understood in this office why, if the Educational Department was to work the scheme at all, it did not receive its commission to do so before June 1871. Doubtless, there were reasons for the delay; but the reduction of the allotment from R 1,600 to Rgoo per annum, which occurred during the interim, was unfortunate. 9. After this preliminary explanation, I am now in a position to shew what this Department has done towards carrying out the scheme from June 1 87 1 up to the end of the calendar year 1875, and also to account for what it has not done. The points to be reported on are the following : — (1) what has been done towards discovering and compiling lists of Sanskrit manu- scripts ; (2) what has been done towards making copies of Sanskrit manuscripts; (3) what has been done towards purchasing original manuscripts; (4) the names of the manuscripts acquired for Government; (5) where the above are deposited ; and (6) whether any manuscripts, and, if so, how many, and what manuscripts, have been supplied to Oriental scholars or institutions in Europe and elsewhere. 10. First, as to the discovery of Sanskrit manuscripts and the sub- mission of lists. From June 1871 up to the end of the calendar year 1875 — an interval of four years and a half — thirteen fasciculi, or lists of manu- scripts, were compiled, or three, on an average, each year. The rule prescribed by the Government of India in their original scheme, that a new fasciculus should be sent up every quarter, was not carried out. One reason was, that the late Director could not spare Pandit Devi'prasada from his duties as Head Master of the Model School ; consequently, only three fasciculi out of the thirteen were compiled from June 1871 up till Mr. Brown- Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 209 ing's departure from Oudh in October 1873 — a space of two years and five months ; and only R830 were paid by the Chief Commissioner on account of the Pandit's travelling bills. But it would have been difficult in any case to send up four valuable lists every year ; for in Oudh there are no Sanskrit tols (or universities, if the term may be used) such as exist, or did exist, in Lower Bengal. The libraries are not usually found in cities or in the larger towns, but have to be hunted for in villages and the more secluded towns, in the schools or houses of Pandits. The first of the thirteen lists or fasciculi alluded to, was merely a compilation of the lists furnished by Deputy Commissioners and forwarded to Mr. Browning under cover of your docket No. 2710, dated 5th June 1871. The rest are lists of manuscripts which have been discovered by the Educational Depart- ment through the agency of Pandit Deviprasada. In the opinion of the late Director, Mr. Browning, the first is of less value than the two other lists which were prepared during his incumbency. II. The following is a summation of all the manuscripts mentioned in the thirteen fasciculi, classified according to the method prescribed by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, of Calcutta, and followed, I believe, in other Provinces : — No. of Manuscripts. I. Vedasastra — a. Samhitd {Wymns) . . . . . . . .11 b. Brahmaiia (Ceremonials) ....... 33 c. Aranyaha (Ceremonials appropriate for forest-life) . . 5 d. Upanishad (Theology) ....... 102 e. Vaidika (Sutras, Rituals, Phonetics, &c.) .... 65 II. Aitihasikasastra — a. Itihasa (History) ........ 22 b. Purdna (Ancient legends) ....... 87 III. Kavyasastra — a. Kdvya (Poems) 71 b. Ndtaka (Drama) 17 c. Champil (Poetical prose) ....... 6 d. Kosha (Miscellaneous poetical collections) .... 2 e. Updkhyana (Tales and Romances) 6 IV. Abidhana.sastra (Lexicography) . 14 V. Vyakaranasastra (Grammar) ....... 122 VI. Chhandahsastra (Prosody) 27 VII. Alankarasastra (Rhetoric) 38 O Collection and Preservation of the VIII. Jyotihsastra (Astronomy and Astrology) 271 IX. SmritisAstra (Law, Civil and Canonical) 130 X. Sangitasastra (Music) g XI. Silpasastra (Art) 9 XII. Kamasastra (Erotics) 5 XIII. Darsanasastra (Philosophy)— a. San-khya (Hylotheistic) 14 b. Nyaya (Dialectics) ........ 67 c. Vaiseshika (Physical) ........ 59 d. Mimansa (Ritualistic) .24 e. Vedanta (Monotheistic) ....... 132 f. Yoga (Theocratic) . . . . . . -17 g. Aparadarsanika (Minor System of Philosophy) ... 3 XIV. Bhaktisastra (Faith) 123 XV. Tantrasastra (Mysticism) 203 XVI. Vaidyakasastra (Medical Science) 87 XVII. Jainasastra (Jaina religion) I XVIII. Bauddhasastra (Buddhist religion) 8 XIX. Anirdishta (Miscellaneous) l66 12. Eleven out of the twelve districts of Oudh were visited and par- tially traversed in order to discover the above manuscripts, and the libraries of the following gentlemen were examined : — 1. Pandit Kaliprasada of Itounja 2. Mahant Nandagopala of Malihabad . 3. Pandit Kasinatha Kasmiri, Lucknow City 4. „ Krishnanarayana, „ 5. J, Gangadhara, „ 6. „ Ramanarayana, „ 7. „ Balagovinda, Maurawan 8. „ Vrindavana, „ 9. „ Sivagopala, Brondu 10. Mahant Gopaladasa, Tilokpur 11. Pandit Ramacharai.ia, Ganesapur. 12. „ Harasenaka, Bakhara 13. Mahant Chaingerigosvami, Misrikh 14. Pandit Ayodhyaprasada, Mahmudabac 15. „ Sabtawan Lala, Hargam 16. „ Vansidhara, Behta . 17. ), Vansagopala, Isanagar 18. „ Janaki'prasada, Kheri 19. Loke.svara, Mallawan . 20. Pandit Bhairavaprasada Pihani Lucknow. Unao. Bara Banki. Si'tapur. Kheri. Hardui. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 71. Maharaja Manasinha, Shahganj ^ 22. Raja Ramanatha Sinha, ,,..... 23. „ Kaiinatha Sinha, ...... 24. „ Haradatta Sinha, ...... 25. Sn'yugulananyasarana, Ayodhya ^ Faizabad. 26. Mahant Priyadasa „ 27. Pandit Umadatta Trivedin, „ 28. Raja Ramasvarupa Sinha, „ 2g. Pandit Haradatta Rama, Atah / 30. „ Lakshminarayana, Balrampur ..... Gonda. 31. Mahant Mahesagiri, Dalmau Rai Bareh'. 32. Pandit Siiryanarayana Acharya, Lakshmanapur. . . Sultanpur. 33. Pandit Devidina Ta'alluqdar, Gughor Partabgarh. 13. A few remarks as to the owners of manuscripts, the authenticity of the same, and the state of preservation in which they are found, may not be out of place before proceeding further. The only possessors of manu- scripts are Pandits, — that is, Brahmans. These may be divided into {a) Pandits of independent means, and [b) Pandits who live by their profession : of the former class, some are men of literary tastes, who preserve or collect manuscripts for the sake of studying them ; others are illiterate men, who preserve the manuscripts bequeathed to them merely as sacred family furniture. In Oudh the only Native libraries that had been examined up to December 1875 are those possessed by literary Pandits belonging to class {a). It was best to begin with these, because the owners are more accessible to reason, and their example in opening their libraries would be setting a precedent for the rest to follow. Indeed, it has already been followed to some extent since December 1875. 14. As to the authenticity or correctness of the manuscripts discovered, it has been found that some are substantially correct, and, saving a few minor errors, bear the true impress of their original author. Others abound in errors, each generation of ignorant scribes having perpetuated the errors of its predecessors, and created new errors of its own in addition. The former will be the manuscripts most suitable for purchasing, if the owners will part with them. The latter are scarcely worth purchasing ; and correct copies can only be made of them by a careful collation of several existing copies. Although there are glaring errors in many of the manuscripts existing in Oudh, there is no reason to think that intentional forgeries have been committed. 15. Manuscripts are almost always found written on paper, and not on the palm-leaf. Only one manuscript has yet been found written on the Collection and Preservation of the palm-leaf. They are generally kept in the kind of box known as pitara. Considerable care is taken to preserve them from harm ; but the constantly increasing use of the frail European paper, in the place of the more durable country paper which was formerly used, universally exposes them to much more rapid destruction by insects. There is reason to fear that, as fast as existing manuscripts are destroyed or lost, their places will not always be supplied by fresh copies. The Sanskrit pathasalas, or schools kept by professional Pandits, which are the only existing means for perpetuating Sanskrit learning, are rapidly dying out. Sanskrit learning does not pay in these days, and lithographed manuscripts do not find a ready sale. Pandits are becoming more and more ignorant, and the art of caligraphy, once so common, is now almost extinct. The natural result of all these changes is, that either fresh copies will not be taken at all, or, if they are taken, they will contain more errors than those which preceded them. 1 6. I come now to the second point on which I have to report, namely, what has been done towards taking copies of valuable manuscripts. In this we have done very little for the reasons already explained, namely, that no instructions to that effect were given to Pandit Devi'prasada by the late Director, and that, if they had been given, the loss of nearly half of the original allotment would have rendered it impossible to do much. The following is a list of the manuscripts of which copies have been taken up to December 1875 : — (i) Gitabhanda, a treatise on music, by Ahobalasastrin. This was copied at the request of Babu Rajendralala Mitra, and the copy sent to the Tanjore Library. (2) Dhatupatha, by Bhi'masena, a glossary of Vedic verbal roots purporting to be as old as the tenth century. This was also sent to the Tanjore Library through Babu Rajendralala Mitra. (3) Prakritachandrika, a Grammar of the Prakrit language, written in verse- Author's name unknown. A copy of this was made for Babu Rajendralala Mitra's own private use. (4) Salihotra (author's name Nakula), a treatise on the different breeds of horses indigenous to India. One copy was made for Babu Rajendralala Mitra and one for Government. (5) Prakritaprakasa, a grammar of the Prakrit language, in prose, and by a differ- ent author from Prakritachandrika. A copy of this was made for Babu Rajendralala Mitra's own private use. (6) Asvachikitsa, by Samanta Jayadatta, a treatise on the medical treatment of horses. A copy of this was made for Babu Rajendralala Mitra's own private use. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 213 Of the above six books, the two first were copied by Mr. Browning's orders ; the four last by orders from me within the year 1875. No copy of any of the six books was made for Government, except that of the fourth. A copy of the fourth was taken for Government within the year 1875 by my orders. Copies of the other five are now being taken for Government : one is already finished, and the rest are in progress. 17. Regarding the remaining points mentioned above in paragraph 8, namely those numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, respectively, I have the honour to report that nothing has been done. No original manuscript has ever yet been purchased or otherwise acquired. I have already explained that Pandit Deviprasada received no instructions from the late Director in his letter of appointment to make such purchases, and that, in any case, it would not have been possible to make purchases so long as the whole allotment was spent in paying the travelling expenses of the Pandit. In March 1875, it struck me that the mere preparation of lists, or fasciculi, without either copying or purchasing manuscripts, could not be all that the Government required. This led me to read over, for the first time, the original scheme prepared by the Government of India ; and, finding that two-thirds of the scheme were not being carried out, I opened correspond- ence with Babu Rajendralala Mitra, and asked his advice as to how I should proceed with the limited funds at my disposal. He said that the funds were too small for carrying out simultaneously the three objects of travelling in search of manuscripts, copying manuscripts, and buying manu- scripts ; but he could give me no distinct advice as to what should be done. As he informed me that what had been done so far towards discovering and codifying existing manuscripts had been done well, and that it was very important to carry out this part of the scheme, I left the existing arrange- ments alone. 18. This completes all that I have to report respecting what has been, and what has not been, done in furtherance of the scheme up to the end of the calendar year 1875. The time within which the scheme can be com- pleted will depend entirely upon the amount of funds assigned for its completion. The Government of India, as I have shewn already, initiated the scheme with a grant from their own revenues of R 1,600 per annum By the time that this Department received the commission which it now holds to work the scheme, the assignment had fallen from Ri,6oo per annum to Rgoo. From June I071 till December 1873, all the travelling expenses of the Pandit were paid by the Chief Commissioner {vide your letter 214 Collection and Preservation of the No. 5748, dated 6th December 1873). From December 1873 '^P '^'" ^'^^ present time, the Educational Department has had to bear the whole of this cost, and, since 1st April 1876, it has incurred the additional burden of making special provision for the salary of the Pandit (vide your office No. 318, dated 21st January 1876). The total sum now entered in the Educational Budget on account of the Sanskrit scheme is Ri,oi2, which exceeds the sum allotted by the Chief Commissioner in 1871 from other than departmental funds by R112. On looking back at the travelling bills countersigned in the Oudh Secretariat in the years 1871, 1872, and 1873, I find that the aggregate amount was only R830-8-0 ; whereas the amount spent on the same object by this Department from that time up to 31st March 1876 was Ri, 907-12-6, or more than double the former amount within nearly the same space of time. I have therefore spared no expense in pushing the scheme forward. The Pandit has been relieved of all other work. He no longer draws his salary in the capacity of a Head Master. Although the progress made within the last two or three years has been much greater than in the years preceding, yet up to this time very little has been done ; nor do I see how the buying or transcribing of rare manuscripts can be effected within reasonable time, unless some pecuniary assistance can be rendered to this Department, equal, at least, to half the allotment of Ri,ooo which is now entered in the Educational Budget. If this imperial scheme is to be carried out thoroughly and promptly, some additional assign- ment should be made for the purpose. From the Director of Public Instruction, Oudh, to the Officiating Junior Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, — No. 1015, dated the 23rd June 1876. Since sending up my report on the working of the Sanskrit scheme by this office No. 962, dated 17th instant, I have the honour to inform you that I have discovered that the number of fasciculi prepared up to the end of the calendar year 1875 is twelve, and not thirteen, as I stated in paragraph 10 of the letter referred to. From A. P. Howell, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal, — No. 1057, dated Simla, the 22nd June 1876. I am directed to forward the accompanying copy of a letter,* with enclosure, from the Agent to the Governor- * No. 1027-742 G., dated 9th May . ° . . 1876, to the Foreign Department of General, Rajputana, relative to an analytical tie overnmen o n la. catalogue of the Sanskrit books belonging to the Maharaja of Bikanir, prepared by Harischandra Sastrf. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 215 2. Dr. Biihler, Educational Inspector in the Bombay Presidency, recom- mended that Harischandra Sastri should be employed to prepare a short abstract of the catalogue ; but the latter has since died, and the Agent to the Governor-General suggests that the arrangement of the work be placed in the hands of Mr. C. Tawney of the Bengal Educational Establishment. It is understood that Mr. Tawney is in Europe, and I am therefore to enquire whether the Bengal Government can recommend any one else who would undertake to bring out the work within a reasonable time, and on what terms. No. 1058. Copy forwarded to the Foreign Department with reference to their endorsement No. 1079G, dated 22nd ultimo. From A. L. Lyall, Esq., Officiating Agent to the Governor-General in Rajputana, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, — No. 1027-742 G, dated Mount Abu, the gth May 1876. I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your office docket No. 797 G, dated loth ultimo, transmitting copy of Home Department circular, dated 5th idem, calling for a report of the work actually done up to the end of 1875 No. 4349-5S, dated 3rd Novem- toward carrying out the scheme set forth in the ber 186S. circular of that Department marginally quoted. 2. With reference to paragraph 2 of the Home Office circular, dated 5th April 1876, enclosed with the docket under acknowledgment, I transmit copy of a memorandum by Dr. G. Biihler, Educational Inspector in the Bombay Presidency, on the papers compiled by Harischandra Sastri which have been bought for Ri,ooo. The Sastri has unfortunately died. 3. The materials which are now at Abii might, with the approval of Government, be sent to Calcutta, where a competent person could be found to abstract and arrange them under proper supervision. Perhaps Mr. C. Tawney, of the Calcutta University, might be willing to receive charge of the documents, and to direct their arrangement. Memorandum by Dr. G. Bithler, Educational Inspector, Northern DiviEJon, on special duty in Rajputana, — dated Bikanir, the ist March 1S74. Harischandra Sastri has been engaged for a number of years in making a catalogue raisonne of the Sanskrit books of the Maharaja of 2i6 Collection and Preservation of the Bikanir. I have examined both the library and his work, and believe that the latter might be used as a basis for a really useful catalogue fit for publica- tion. 2. The library of the Maharaja contains in all about 1,400 manuscripts, and besides a good deal of trash, a few nearly unique, and a dozen or two of rare works. Its strongest points are the Vedas, Dharmasastra or sacred law, Sangita or the art of singing and dancing, and Mantra. 3. Harischandra has prepared a large voluminous compilation, in which he gives a catalogue, with abstract of contents, of about 1,200 works. The abstracts of contents are as full, for well-known and unimportant works, as for rare ones. The books, though professedly arranged according to Sastras or sciences, stand not always in their proper order. To print this compila- tion would be very expensive and nearly useless. It would, however, be of great interest to have a short abstract of it, in which the books should be arranged under each Sastra in alphabetical order, and the name, author, beginning and concluding slokas, number of leaves and of lines on each page, and the date of the manuscripts, should be given. If the Sastri would prepare such a compilation (and he is well qualified for the task), I would suggest that it might be bought from him, and that he might be given a lump sum, say R 1,000, for all his materials. This latter suggestion I make, however, under the impression that his story of having worked for some years without pay is correct. Harischandra ought to be able to finish the registration of the remaining 200 books of the library in four weeks. No. 1079 G., dated Simla, the 22nd May 1876. Endorsed by the Foreign Department. Forwarded to the Home Department for consideration, with refe- rence to the endorsement thence No. 620, dated 5th April 1876. From H. H. Risley, Esq., Acting Assistant Secretary to the Government of Bengal, Financial Department, to the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department,— No. 2623, dated Calcutta, the 17th August 1876. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 1057, dated the 22nd June 1876, regarding the preparation of an abstract of the analy- tical catalogue of Sanskrit books belonging to the Maharaja of Bikanir. Records of Aticient Sanskrit Literature. 217 2. In reply, I am desired to submit herewith copies of the letters* * From Honorary Secretary to received from the Asiatic Society of Bengal the Asiatic Society of Bengal, No. and the Director of Public Instruction on the 487, dated 8th August 1876, and . . . , , r • ^ enclosure. suDject, and to Say that the Lieutenant-Gov- From the Director of Public In- u v ii, i. -ii- T^ ti'- j 1-1 struction, No. 4161, dated 9th Aug. e™°>' believes that either Dr. Rajendralala "St 1876. Mitra, or the Rev. Dr. K. M. Banerjea, may be relied upon to perform the work in a thoroughly efficient manner. From Captain J. Waterhouse, Honorary Secretary, Asiatic Society of Bengal, to the Assistant Secretary to the Government of Bengal, — No. 487, dated Calcutta, the 8th August 1876. I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, Financial De- partment, No. 2012, dated ist July, forwarding a copy of a letter from the Government of India, Home Department, No. 1057, dated 22nd June 1876, with its enclosures, enquiring in what time, and on what terms, the Society would undertake to bring out an analytical catalogue of Sanskrit works belonging to the Maharaja of Bikanir. In reply, I am directed by the Council of the Asiatic Society of Bengal to inform you that the papers were referred to Dr. Rajendralala Mitra for consideration and opinion, and to enclose a copy of his reply. From Babu Ra'jendr-\la'la Mitra, to Captain J. Waterhouse, Honorary Secretary, Asiatic Society of Bengal, — dated Calcutta, the 15th July 1876. In the absence of all information about the bulk of the Sastri's catalogue, it is impossible to say in what time it can be printed, and what would be the cost. It is said to be " very voluminous," but this is not definite enough for an estimate. Believing, out of the 1,200 works it describes, at least two-thirds to be what have been already catalogued and analysed by Weber in the Berlin Catalogue, by Aufrecht in the Bodleian Catalogue, by Taylor in his Analyses of the Mackenzie Manuscripts, or by me in my " Notices," and that, of the remainder, at least one-half is made up of mere tracts, I assume 200 to be about the number of copies that will require detailed notices ; and, allowing at an average three pages to each, I arrive at 600 pages as the probable size of the catalogue. 2i8 Collection and Preservation of the The printing at, say, R3 per page of royal octavo, uniform with my "Notices," will thus be Ri,8oo, or, with the cost of binding, R2,ooo. The time for writing up the English portion, and printing, will be about a year. The cost of editing will in a great measure depend upon 'the quantity of new matter to be supplied in English. I believe that, except in the case of the rarest and most valuable, of which there are not likely to be 30 or 40 at the outside, the amount of English given in the Society's Cata- logue, or the amount of Latin given in Aufrecht's Catalogue, will suffice. The Oxford University has just offered me £\ a sheet, or R5 a page, for translations from the Sanskrit ; and, as the Catalogue work will be of the same character, I fancy we may calculate the price at the same rate. The total cost thus, for a book of 600 pages, will be about R5,ooo. I think I could undertake the job under these conditions, as it would com- pute in with my " Notices." From H. Woodrow, Esq., Director of Public Instruction, to the Secretary to the Gov- ernment of Bengal, General Department, — No. 4161, dated Fort William, the 9th August 1876. With reference to your office No. 2013, dated the 3rd instant, I have the honour to inform you that the Rev. Dr. Banerjea is willing to prepare an abstract of the analytical catalogue of Sanskrit books belonging to the Maharaja of Bikanir. He would leave to Government the amount of re- muneration as he could not himself give an opinion on the point till he saw the materials he had to deal with. He would do the work required with the utmost expedition that the nature of the case would allow. From 1. O'KiNEALY, Esq., Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, to the Secretary to the Government of Bengal,— No. 12, dated Fort William, the 3rd January 1878. With reference to your letter No. 2623, dated 17th August 1876, I am directed to inform you that the Governor-General in Council accepts Dr. Rajendralala Mitra's offer to prepare a properly arranged abstract of Harischandra Sastri's analytical catalogue of Sanskrit books in the posses- sion of the Maharaja of Bikanir, and to complete the same within the Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 219 period of one year, at a cost not exceeding R5,ooo, which it is under- stood includes the cost of printing. 2. The Governor-General's Agent in Rajputana will be requested to forward the materials for the work direct to the Asiatic Society, Bengal. No. 13. Copy forwarded to the Financial Department for the issue of the further necessary orders. No. 14. Copy forwarded to the Foreign Department, with reference to their endorsement No. 1079 G., dated 22nd May^ for communication to the Gov- ernor-General's Agent at Rajputana. Collection and Preservation of the Extract from the Proceedings of the Goverrinieitt of India in the Home Department (Public), — No. 7-250, dated Fort William, the gth February i8y8. Read again — Public Proceedings, 7th November 18C8, Nos. 53 to 57. Read— A report on Sanskrit Manuscripts in Native libraries by Dr. Rajendralala Mitra, dated 15th February 1875. Read- Public Proceedings, 8th May 1869, No. 28. Ditto, 26th June 1869, No. 116. Ditto, February 1875, Nos. 13 and 14. Ditto, May 1875, Nos. 214 aiid 215. Read- Public Proceedings, iith September 1869, Nos. 159'* to 161. Ditto, 27th August 1870, Nos. 64 and 65. Ditto, 2ist October 1871, Nos. 68and69. Ditto, May 1872, No. 50. Ditto, December 1872, Nos. 521 and 522. Ditto, August 1874, Nos. 195 and 195 A. Ditto, May 1875, Nos. 203 to 205. Ditto, June 1875, No. 2 [8. Ditto, October 1875, Nos. 230 and 231. / Report on Sanskrit Manu- scripts in the North-West- ern Provinces. Reports from Bombay by Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn on Sanskrit Manuscripts. Read- Public Proceedings, 22nd May 1869, No. 30. \ Report on the Sanskrit Ma- Ditto, October 1873, Nos. 459 to 462. \ nuscripts in the Library of Ditto, December 1877, Nos. 107 to no. I the late Raja of Tanjore. Read- Public Proceedings, 19th March 1870, Nos. gi to 98. Ditto, 13th August 1870, Nos. 176 to 178 Read- Report on Sanskrit Manu- scripts in the Library of the Maharaja of Mysore. Circularfrom Home Department, dated i6th March 1S76, Public Proceedings, March 1876, Nos. 106 and 107, and the Circular of 5th April 1S76, Public Proceedings, April 1876, No. 17. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. Read- Report from the Government of Madras, No. 391, dated 6th October 1876. Read- Report from the Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, No. 3131-139, dated 15th August 1876. Read- Report from the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, No. 3015, dated 5th July 1876. Read- Correspondence regarding the Sanskrit books in the Library of the Maharaja of Bikanir : Public Proceedings for June 1876, Nos. 143 and 144. Ditto ditto January 1878, Nos. 13 and 14. Resolution. — At the instance of Pandit Radhakrishna, of Lahore, a scheme was sanctioned by a Resolution in the Home Department, dated 3rd November 1868, for the discovery and preservation of the records of ancient Sanskrit literature at an outlay of R24,ooo per annum. The chief features of the scheme were as follows : — (i) "To print uniformly all procurable unprinted lists of the Sanskrit manuscripts in Indian libraries, and to send them to the various learned Societies of Europe, and to individual scholars in Europe and India, with an intimation that the Government will carefully attend to their suggestions as to which of the manuscripts therein mentioned should be examined, purchased, or transcribed; (2) " to institute searches for manuscripts, and to this end to prepare lists of desirable codices; to distribute these lists among scholars and other persons willing to assist in the search, with a request that they will report their dis- coveries to such officer as may, from time to time, be appointed by the Government of India; and to depute competent scholars on tours through the several Presidencies and Provinces to examine the manuscripts reported upon, to seek new manuscripts, to purchase manuscripts procurable at reason- able rates, and to have copies made of such manuscripts as are unique or otherwise desirable, but which the possessors refuse to part with ; and (3) "to grant to the Asiatic Society of Bengal an additional allowance for the publication of Sanskrit works hitherto unprinted." 222 Collection and Preservation of the The statement given in the margin shews the financial result of the scheme, i. e., how the R24,ooo sanctioned as the annual expense for carrying it out are distributed. This Resolution was communicated to the several Local Governments and Adminis- trations with instructions as to how to carry out the scheme. The instructions were that all procurable unprinted lists of Sanskrit manuscripts in the Native libraries, situate within the terri- tories under the respective Local Govern- ments and Administrations, should be printed uniformly in octavo in the Nagari character, and under the superintendence of a com- petent editor, such as Babu Rajendralala Mitra in Bengal, Mr. Burnell in Madras, and Dr. Biihler in Bombay. Competent scholars should, it was said, be sent annually on tours to examine the manuscripts named in the Native catalogues so printed ; to seek new manuscripts ; to explain to Native scholars at the different places visited the objects and importance of the mission ; to purchase such manuscripts as the possessors were willing to sell at a reasonable rate, and to em- ploy copyists to transcribe codices which were unique, extremely old, or otherwise desirable, but which the possessors might refuse to part with. The gentlemen sent on tours were to make reports to their respective Local Governments, and such reports to be transmitted to the Govern- ment of India in the Home Department ; scholars, both in India and in Europe, to be invited to transmit lists of desiderata ; those in Europe to be requested to communicate with the Government of India through the Secretary of State ; those in India, through the Local Governments. From the suggestions so received, general lists of desiderata were to be prepared and circulated annually, and the notice of Local Govern- ments and Administrations would be drawn to entries in the catalogues received from them, which seemed to refer to any work in the lists of desiderata. i i ci c E li i u- C-g 2 V-c c c^ 11 5I. JJ JS s H a. H H R R R R Rengal . I.CXXJ 1,000 1,200 S.JOO Bombay . 1,000 1,000 1,200 3,200 iMadrasandMy- 1 ODD I 000 1,300 3,200 North-WJstern Provinces . 500 500 600 1,600 Punjab . SCO 500 600 1,600 Oudh 500 500 600 1,600 Central Pro- vinces Sno 500 600 1,600 Rajputana 1,000 1,200 3,200 6,000 6,000 7,200 19,200 Printing Native catalni^ucs of dcsiralile ma- nuscripts 1,000 Additional grant to Asiatic So- ciety . 3,000 Sundries . Soo 24,000 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 223 Quarterly lists* of the manuscripts found during the previous quarter were directed to be submitted in the pre- * These lists are now annually Mir i /^ r x i- • prepared. scribed lorm to the Ciovernment of India in the Home Department. Local Governments and Administrations were to use their discretion in purchasing, or having copies made of, the manuscripts existing within their jurisdiction. Local Governments were, however, reminded of the desirability of bearing in mind the subjects which European scholars should deem most valuable, and that manuscripts of the Vedas and Vedangas, and of their commentaries, law-books, grammars, vocabularies, and philo- sophical treatises, should be regarded as of primary importance. When transcripts were made, these should be in the modern Devanagari character. Copies of the Sanskrit manuscripts existing in Southern India, if made in the Telugu or other Dravidian character, would be of little use to European Sanskritists and to the large majority of Native scholars. These instructions have been carried out as follows : — Bengal. In Bengal the task of collecting the lists, and purchasing and tran- scribing manuscripts, was entrusted to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Dr. Rajendralala Mitra, aided by two pandits, or Sanskrit scholars, has been engaged by the Asiatic Society in carrying out the scheme. He has already published twelve pamphlets containing notices of San- skrit manuscripts extant in Bengal. His report, dated 15th February 1875, on the operations carried on by him to the close of 1874 for collecting information regarding Sanskrit manuscripts in Native libraries, is very interesting. North-Western Provinces. In May 1869, at the instance of the Government of the North-Western Provinces, the Financial Department authorised the utilisation of the saving of the annual allowance of Ri,6oo for five years in the cata- loguing and purchase of Sanskrit manuscripts. The period of five years expired on 31st March 1874; and in December 1874 the Government of the North-Western Provinces reported the progress made in the prepara- tion of catalogues of Sanskrit manuscripts existing in those Provinces. Two hundred copies of Part I of the catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts examined were printed and distributed, as directed by the Government of India. Mr. Griffith was entrusted with the supervision of the work. 224 Collection and Preservation of the The Government of India sanctioned the expenditure of R2, 822-9 '"- currcd for the publication of Part I of the catalogue, and also a further grant of R2,ooo for the continuance of the work of examination and cataloguing the manuscripts. The Government of the North-Western Provinces was at the same time called upon to report as to the place where any manuscripts purchased or copied were deposited, and to send a list of them. Under date the 7th May 1875, the Government of the North-Western Provinces reported that ten manuscripts, as per list given, were purchased and deposited in the Library of the Benares Sanskrit College. Bombay. In Bombay the results were most satisfactory. The operations com- menced there in 1869. On receipt of the Home Department Resolution No. 4350 of 3rd November 1868, Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn* were entrust- ed with the duty of carrying out the scheme in * Dr. Biihler was emploved , t^ 1 -ri • 1 t^i • in the Northern Division ; Dr. the Bombay Presidency. Their first reports Kielhorn in the Southern Divi- ^^^g submitted in August 1869, which shewed sion. _ ^ ^ that their success was marked and important. They purchased several old manuscripts, viz., Dr. Biihler 21 and Dr. Kiel- horn 17 manuscripts; some of these works were rare, and unknown to European scholars. Consequent on the departure of Dr. Biihler to Europe on sick leave in December 1869, the work which was commenced by him in the Northern Division was carried on by Dr. Kielhorn, in addition to his own work in the Southern Division. Dr. Kielhorn submitted, in July 1870, a report on the progress made of the search for Sanskrit manuscripts instituted by Dr. Biihler and himself. The report shews that 120 old manuscripts were bought for Government. In October 1871 the Government of Bombay submitted copies of re- ports by Dr. Biihler of his and Dr. Kielhorn's proceedings in acquiring Sanskrit manuscripts during 1870-71. Dr. Biihler observed that on his return from leave the work was again divided between himself and Dr. Kielhorn ; but in January 1871 Dr. Kielhorn obtained sick leave, and the whole charge was made over to Dr. Biihler. On the 1 8th October 1871, the report for 1870-71 submitted by Dr. Biihler was sent to the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India for perusal and return. Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 225 In returning the report, General Cunningham suggested the expediency of extending the researches by Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn beyond the limits of the Bombay Presidency ; and he recommended their visiting Jesalmir and Bikanir. General Cunningham observed that " in the former place Colonel Tod mentions the existence of numerous manuscripts ; " and in the latter country, in the great fortress of Bhatner, he had himself seen a room, ten or twelve feet long and about six feet broad, half filled with manu- scripts, fastened up in the Native way in red cloth, and piled one on another to a height of about four feet ; and from amongst the top ones he selected a palm-leaf manuscript bearing the date of Sanivat 1200. General Cunningham's suggestion was communicated to the Govern- ment of Bombay. In November 1872, the Government of Bombay forwarded a report by Dr. Biihler on the results of his search for Sanskrit manuscripts in Gujarat during the year 1871-72. The Government of India expressed satisfaction at the results of Dr. Biihler's search. In August 1874, the Government of Bombay submitted Dr. Biihler's report on Sanskrit manuscripts in Gujarat for 1872-73. He stated that during the period under review he had bought or procured 200 copies of manuscripts, of which 75 belonged to Brahmanical literature and 123 to the Jainas, and two contained Gujarati prose-works. In May 1875, the Government of Bombay submitted an abstract report by Dr. Biihler of his operations during 1873-74 in Gujarat, Rajputana and Lahore, Delhi, Benares, and other towns of Northern and Eastern India. The results exhibited in this report were as satisfactory as those shewn in the preceding one. In September 1875, the Government of Bombay forwarded a report by Dr. Biihler on the search of Sanskrit manuscripts for the year 1874-75. This report also shews that copies of manuscripts were liberally supplied to savants in Europe and India. Dr. Biihler has been now engaged in exploring Sanskrit manuscripts in Kasmir, Jaypur, and Ujjain. Instructions were issued through the Foreign Department to the Government of the Punjab, and Governor-General's Agent in Rajputana, for giving Dr. Biihler every assistance in the further- ance of the object of his mission, which had produced valuable results, as shewn in Dr. Biihler's latest report. P 226 Collection and Preservatioti of the Sanskrit Maniiscyipts in the Library of the late Raja of Tanjore. In May 1869, a list of the Sanskrit works in the library of the late Raja of Tanjore was procured from the Rev. Mr. Long, in consequence of a demi-official communication of Sir Erskine Perry, suggesting that this collection might be purchased for Government. This list was forwarded to the Government of Bombay, with a request that Professor Biihler might be asked to give his opinion as to the pro- priety of purchasing the Sanskrit works enumerated therein, or any por- tion thereof. In August i86g, the Government of Bombay submitted a copy of Dr. Biihler's report containing his opinion on the propriety of purchasing the Sanskrit works in question. Dr. Biihler said : — " On examining the list of the Sanskrit manuscripts which belonged to the late Raja of Tanjore, I find that it contains a great many useful, and a number of very rare or nearly unique, books {;vide list). I am, therefore, of opinion that it would be in the interest of Sanskrit philo- logy if the Government of India decided to buy the whole collection. Should this be impossible, I beg strongly to recommend that at least the works contained in the list may be bought, many of which are quite un- known, or procurable only with great trouble and expense." On the 25th August 1873, the Government of Fort St. George sub- mitted, as called for, their proceedings, which embodied a letter from Dr. Burnell reporting on the progress made by him with the catalogue of the Sanskrit manuscripts in the library of the late Raja of Tanjore. Dr. Burnell reported that the total number of manuscripts in the Tanjore Library amounted to upwards of 18,000, and these in eleven distinct alphabets, being from all parts of India; that in February 1872 the cata- logue was nearly completed, but since that time he had been unable to do as much as he expected, though, on the whole, the work had advanced. The delay was due to the difficulty in procuring types, and the distance at which he lived from Tanjore. He observed "that the Tanjore Library contains several good manu- scripts of all the most important works known as yet, including a few that are new." He believed "that this library must, sooner or later, escheat to Government ; the preparation of this catalogue will therefore protect property of enormous value. Sanskrit manuscripts have long been very dear, and the cost of making proper transcripts is now very heavy." As Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 227 far as he could judge, " it would not be possible to form a collection like that of Tanjore at a less cost than ^^50,000 ; but many manuscripts are unques- tionably unique." He added that "as the Government has expressed a wish to promote Sanskrit studies, he has to some extent anticipated the publication of his catalogue by procuring manuscripts for scholars. Several have been sent to Calcutta, Bombay, and Europe." On the 31st October 1873, the Government of India expressed full concurrence in the praise bestowed on Dr. Burnell for his disinterested services, and hoped to see the catalogue soon completed. In November 1874, the Government of Madras submitted a letter from Dr. Burnell, stating that he had not been able as yet to complete the revision of his manuscript (fair copy) of the catalogue of the Tanjore Library, but hoped to do the work much faster, provided his health per- mitted him to do extra work. In June 1875, the Government of Madras forwarded a further letter from Dr. Burnell, in which he stated that he had had "the duties of a district and sessions judge to perform since three years, and that he has had very little leisure, being in charge of very heavy courts. To do such work as this properly, much time is obviously necessary." He would, however, "be glad to complete it as quickly as is consistent with the standard of completeness now required." In November 1877, the Government of Madras submitted a further letter from Dr. Burnell, in which he states that his catalogue has been printed as far as the article " Kosha," and that he hopes to be able to finish the revision of his manuscripts up to the end of section " Technical Literature," during the leave in December and January ensuing. He expects to issue shortly the first part of his catalogue. Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. The Chief Commissioner of Mysore submitted, in March 1870, a cata- logue of Sanskrit manuscripts in the library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. This catalogue was sent to the Government of Bombay for a report thereon by Dr. Kielhorn. On the 2nd April 1870, the Government of Bombay submitted Dr. Kielhorn's report. He said "that he compared this catalogue with those of the Sanskrit manuscripts in the India Office Library, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, in the Royal Library at Berlin, and with other smaller libraries in Europe." Collection and Preservation of the The result of this comparison was that, of the 608 works of the cata- logue under report, 468 are already in Europe, as indicated by him. He, therefore, suggested that the remaining 140 manuscripts specified might be re-catalogued. Dr. Kielhorn's suggestions were communicated to the Chief Commissioner of Mysore with a form of the catalogue sent by the Gov- ernment of Bombay for adoption. Further communication has not been received from the Chief Commissioner of Mysore. But a supplementary catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts in the library of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, prepared by Dr. Kielhorn, was received in May 1874. It contains the particulars as to the age, &c., of the works which Dr. Kielhorn suggested should be exhibited in the catalogue. Central Provinces. The Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces sent copy of a * No. 3131-139, dated 15th letter* from the Inspector-General of Edu- August 1876. cation, who, after giving a 'narrative of what was done towards publishing a catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts dis- covered in those Provinces, and how the copies of the catalogue were distributed, reported as follows : — " I have acquired, in original, no manuscripts for Government, but have obtained copies of the following manuscripts which are placed in the Museum Library, Nagpur : — (i) Ratnamanjari, by Rajasekhara (drama). (2) Purvamimansasutra, by Jaimini. (3) Nyayaprakasati'ka, by Anantadeva. " I have also sent copies of the above manuscripts to Professor Kiel- horn, together with two copies of Harikarikavyakhyana by Helaraja (grammar), and I have sent two copies of manuscripts to Dr. Biihler, namely, Chandralokatika (rhetoric), and Sekharanabha (drama). No other Oriental scholars have asked for any manuscripts, excepting Captain Jacob, Inspector of Army Schools, Bombay, and he will receive a copy of the manuscript he requires. " I have not received any desiderata, though it was supposed such would from time to time be forwarded : vide paragraph 4 of No. 4349-4354 of 3rd November 1868. I would add that, so far as I have had copies taken of manuscripts — generally themselves copies — I have found such manu- scripts to be very incorrect. I do not for a moment believe that many manuscripts, in addition to those already catalogued, exist in the Central Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 220 Provinces. There is not a single seat of ancient Sanskrit learning in these Provinces. The few manuscripts that exist were probably brouo-ht from Northern or Western India by immigrant pandits — not, I should say, them- selves very learned men, but rather adventurers, who accompanied invading Mahrattas. Even now there are only thirteen towns in the Central Provinces of more than 10,000 inhabitants. In other parts of India Sanskrit learning is dying or dead ; here it never existed, and is not likely now to commence. Dr. Haug, mentioned by the Ofificiatino- Home Secre- tary, is not, I believe, now in India. I have no doubt that Professors Kielhorn and Biihler do continually find fresh manuscripts of value in the Deccan, Gujarat, and Kasmir, where Sanskrit learning once flourished Possibly they would be equally successful in Bengal and the North-Western Provinces ; but even their learning and activity would, I am afraid fail to detect manuscripts of value in these rudely rustic provinces, where in some places, a bamboo guitar is esteemed a treasure, bows and arrows weapons not to be despised, and the people are not Hindus — still less Brahmans. It might be supposed that as, of late years, the Mahanadf and Narmada have grown in reputed sanctity, the influx of Brahmans with pil- grims would have introduced perhaps stray Sanskrit manuscripts. But these directors of religious ceremonies are the most illiterate of their caste ■ and even if they know a little Sanskrit, only value their knowledge as it enables them to 'eat a piece of bread.' I believe it will be quite sufficient to direct Zila Inspectors to send in, once a year, reports of any Sanskrit libraries they may have discovered and been able to examine ; or when Pandit Vishnusastri has finished his archaeological work, he may once ao-ain be appointed to see what fresh Sanskrit manuscripts he can bring to licrht. In this case, a grant of not less than Ri,o8o annually will be necessary • and I am much afraid that there will be no results commensurate with the outlay." Madras. Nothing appears to have been done in Madras towards carrying out the scheme. The duty of giving efTect to * No. 3QI, dated 6th October i.i,„ : -i l- 5fc r ^i ,-. 1876. *"^ mstructions* of the Government of India was entrusted in December 1868 to Mr. Pickford, then Professor of Sanskrit in Madras ; but that gentleman re- turned to Europe on sick leave, and never returned. Two native gentle- men successively officiated in his place until 1872, when Dr. Oppert arrived. 230 Collection and Preservation of the Dr. Oppcrt states that the contents of the orders of the Government of India, dated 3rd November 1868, were unknown to him up to i8th May 1876, when he received a copy from the Director of Public Instruction. He remarks that, had he been acquainted with that order, he should have gladly acted according to it, the more so as he learnt there was a yearly allowance of R850 assigned to the library to fulfil the demands of that order. Mr. Pickford had stated that he had two catalogues in hand when he left India ; that one of them was fairly advanced and already in process of printing at the Foster Press, and that copies of both these catalogues were deposited in the Oriental Library. Mr. Powell, however, reported that he had had a search made for these catalogues by the Native gentle- man who was appointed to act for Mr. Pickford, and that they could not be found. The Madras report also shews that Mr. Burnell's services were in November 1870 placed at the disposal of the Chief Commissiouer of Mysore, for the examination of Sanskrit manuscripts in Mysore. OUDH. The Chief Commissioner submitted a letter* from Mr. Nesfield, the Director of Public Instruction in Oudh, con- * No. 301S, dated Sth July 1876. . . 11 j r taming tne report called for. It appears from the Chief Commissioner's letter that, on receipt of the Resolution of the Government of India, dated 3rd November 1868, the Deputy Commissioners of the several districts were requested to pre- pare, with the co-operation of learned Natives, lists of Sanskrit manu- scripts in Oudh. These lists were received in 1871, and were found very incomplete. Mr. Browning, then Director of Public Instruction in Oudh, was requested to take the necessary steps for carr)-ing out the scheme. Mr. Browning proposed that the scholar to be appointed to search for additional manuscripts, and prepare the quarterly lists, should be Pandit Devi'prasada, Head Master of the Model School, Lucknow ; and he sug- gested that the sum sanctioned by the Government of India for Oudh, viz., Ri,6oo per annum, should be drawn annually for five years and formed into a fund, and that any savings which might accrue after a lapse of five years could be returned to the treasury, after the plan adopted in the North-Western Provinces. In July 1871, the Chief Commissioner approved of the appointment of Deviprasada for the search of manuscripts and pre- Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 231 paration of quarterly lists. But, in regard to the financial proposal respect- ing the annual allotment of Ri,6oo made by the Government of India, Mr. Browning was informed by the Chief Commissioner that the sums sanctioned for the years 1868-69, 1869-70, and 1870-71 had lapsed, and that, in the current year's budget, only R900 had been provided. Mr. Nesfield, the present Director of Public Instruction, reports as follows : — " First, as to the discovery of Sanskrit manuscripts, and the submission of lists. From June 1871 up to the end of the calendar year 1875 — an interval of four years and a half — thirteen fasciculi, or lists of manuscripts, were compiled, or three on an average each year. The rule prescribed by the Government of India in their original scheme, that a new fasciculus should be sent up every quarter, was not carried out. One reason was, that the late Director could not spare Pandit Devi'prasada from his duties as Head Master of the Model School ; consequently, only three fasciculi out of twelve were compiled from June 1871 up till Mr. Brown- ing's departure from Oudh in October 1873, — a space of two years and five months ; and only R830 were paid by the Chief Commissioner on account of the Pandit's travelling bills. But it would have been difficult, in any case, to send up four valuable lists-every year ; for in Oudh there are no Sanskrit tols (or universities, if the term may be used), such as exist, or did exist, in Lower Bengal. The libraries are not usually found in cities or in the larger towns, but have to be hunted for in villages, and the more secluded towns, in the schools or houses of pandits. The first of the thirteen lists or fasciculi alluded to, was merely a compilation of the lists furnished by Deputy Commissioners and for- warded to Mr. Browning. The rest are lists of manuscripts which have been discovered by the Educational Department through the agency of Pandit Devi'prasada. In the opinion of the late Director, Mr. Browning, the first is of less value than the two other lists which were prepared during his incumbency. " A few remarks as to the owners of manuscripts, the authenticity of the same, and the state of preservation in which they are found, may not be out of place before proceeding further. The only possessors of manuscripts are pandits, that is, Brahmans. These may be divided into (a) pandits of independent means, and (b) pandits who live by their profession. Of the former class, some are men of literary tastes, who preserve or collect manuscripts for the sake of studying them ; others 232 Collection and Preservation of the are illiterate men, who preserve the manuscripts bequeathed to them merely as sacred family furniture. " In Oudh, the only Native libraries that had been examined up to December 1875 are those possessed by literary pandits belonging to class (a). It was best to begin with these, because the owners are more accessible to reason, and their example in opening their libraries would be setting a precedent for the rest to follow. Indeed, it has already been followed, to some extent, since December 1875. " Manuscripts are almost always found written on paper, and not on the palm-leaf. Only one manuscript has yet been found written on the palm-leaf. They are generally kept in the kind of box known as pitara. Considerable care is taken to preserve them from harm ; but the constantly increasing use of the frail European paper in the place of the more durable country paper, which was formerly used universally, exposes them to much more rapid destruction by insects. There is reason to fear that as fast as existing manuscripts are destroyed or lost, their places will not always be supplied by fresh copies. The Sanskrit pafhasalas or schools kept by professional pandits, which are the only existing means for perpetuating Sanskrit learning, are rapidly dying out. Sanskrit learn- ing does not pay in these days, and lithographed manuscripts do not find a ready sale ; pandits are becoming more and more ignorant ; and the art of caligraphy, once so common, is now almost extinct. The natural result of all these changes is, that either fresh copies will not be taken at all, or, if they are taken, they will contain more errors than those which preceded them." Rajputana. The Governor-General's Agent in Rajputana has not reported what ^ . ^ ^ , „, progress had been made in acquiring Sanskrit From Foreign Department, No. r & to 1079G., dated 22nd May 1876, for- manuscripts in the Native States under him wardine, for consideration, a letter i r n tt • 1 u •*. from the Governor-General's Agent Up tO the end of 1875. He Simply submit- at Rajputana. j.gj j,Qpy ^f ^ memorandum by Dr. G. Biihler, Educational Inspector in the Bombay Presidency, on the catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts in the library of the Maharaja of Bikanir, compiled by Harischandrasastri, which had been bought for Ri,ooo. The Governor-General's Agent stated that the materials collected by the Sastri might be sent to Calcutta, where a competent person could be found to abstract and arrange them under supervision. He suggested that Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 233 Mr. C. Tawney might be willing to receive charge of the documents, and to direct their arrangement. Dr. Biihler stated that he had examined both the library and the Sastri's work, and expressed his opinion that the latter might be used as a basis for a really useful catalogue fit for publication. He observed that the library of the Maharaja contained in all about 1,400 manuscripts. Harischandra had prepared a large voluminous compilation, giving a cata- logue, with abstract of contents, of 1,200 works. He added that to print this compilation would be very expensive, and nearly useless. He sug- gested that a short abstract of it be made, in which the books should be arranged under each Sastra in alphabetical order. The Sastri was pre- vented by death from preparing abstracts of the remaining 200 works. The Government of Bengal was asked whether they could recommend any one else who would undertake to bring out the works within a reason- able time, and on what terms, it being understood that IMr. Tawney was then in Europe. On Tjth August 1876, the Government of Bengal replied that either Dr. Rajendralala Mitra or the Rev. Dr. K. M. Banerjea might be relied on as being competent to perform the work in a thoroughly efficient manner. Dr. Rajendralala Mitra roughly estimated the cost of bringino- out the catalogue at about R5,ooo. Dr. K. M. Banerjea observed that he could not himself give an opinion as to the amount of remuneration till he saw the materials he had to deal with. The Governor-General in Council has been pleased to entrust the work to Dr. Rajendralala Mitra. Dr. Biihler, it appears, was engaged in exploring Sanskrit manuscripts in Jaypur and Ujjain. The Governor-General's Agent does not report the result of the investigations carried on by Dr. Biihler in those places. No report has yet been received from the Punjab. The Governor-General in Council expresses his highest satisfaction at what has already been effected, especially by Dr. Rajendralala Mitra in Bengal, by Drs. Biihler and Kielhorn in Bombay, and by Mr. Griffith in the North-Western Provinces. His Excellency in Council regrets that no re- port has yet been received of what has been done in the Punjab, where there would appear to be an unusually good field for research with such places as Amritsar and Thanesar, to which may be added Rajaor, Kasmir, and Jammu. There can be little doubt that valuable results would be gained ; and the Government of India trust that His Honour the Lieutenant- 234 Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, Governor will succeed in finding some person at Lahore or elsewhere, who is competent and willing to undertake the work. The general results which have been obtained are,' in the opinion of the Government of India, such as to warrant the prosecution of the search ; but the reports received from the several Local Governments and Admin- istrations appear to His Excellency in Council to point to the desirability of redistributing the work ; and, in this view, the following arrangements have been suggested as appropriate : — (fl) that Rajputana, Central India, and the Central Provinces should be attached to the Bombay Circle; {b) that Mysore and Coorg should be attached to the Madras Circle; and (c) that the North-Western Provinces and Oudh should be amalgamated into one circle, and that the work should be entrusted to one officer, or, in the event of it being impossible to find such an officer, that both the North-Western Pro- vinces and Oudh should be joined to |the Bengal Circle, the grant for that circle being proportionately raised. The Governor-General in Council desires to be furnished with the opinion of the several Local Governments and Administrations as to the suitability of the redistribution thus proposed, and to suggest that the existing list of Sanskrit manuscripts should be re-examined by some one competent ; and asks, with the view of ascertaining how far it may be worth while to acquire by purchase, where possible, or to secure copies of manuscripts known to exist, that steps be taken accordingly. His Excellency in Council further desires that th Resolution may be circulated as widely as possible, and that Sanskrit scholars may be invited to make suggestions to indicate desiderata for which it may be deemed expedient to make special search. Order. — Ordered, that copies of this Resolution be forwarded to the several Local Governments and Administrations, and to learned institu- tions and savants in Europe, America, and India, with an intimation that a volume of SELECTIONS FROM THE RECORDS of the Government of India, embodjing the papers on the subject, will be forwarded hereafter. DEC IG 1965 HOME USE CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT MAIN LIBRARY This book is due on the last date stamped below, l-month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405. 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation Desk. Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date. ALL BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO RECALL 7 DAYS AFTER DATE CHECKED OUT. INTERLIBRARY LOAN nni 3 '^7A UNIV. OF CAL I F., BE K K. EEC. CIR. ■"- 1 7 f^ , !iKT) ar;c D''--7 Drc ' •!■ ■ LD21 — A-40m-5," (R8191L) General Library University of California Berkeley <-Q5H73'^fi'45 ^,\\