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IRIPIDES
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Classics,
THE HECUBA
OF
EURIPIDES.
A REVISED TEXT WITH NOTES AND AN
INTRODUCTION
BY THE
REV. JOHN BOND, M.A.
CHAPLAIN AND CLASSICAL INSTRUCTOR ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY, WOOLWICH ;
FORMERLY SCHOLAR OP ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD;
AND
ARTHUR SUMNER WALPOLE, M.A.
FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD. 1
Honlron :
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1882
[The right of translation and reproduction is reserved.]
PKINTED BY C. J. CLAY & SON,
AT THE UNIVEESITY PRESS.
PEEFACE.
THE present edition of the Hecuba is mainly in-
tended to explain and illustrate the play itself. But
it being impossible to treat a Greek play as a separate
and isolated whole we have tried to make sure that
a boy after carefully and intelligently studying our
commentary shall not merely be able to pass a close
examination in the Hecufta v; itself, but shall know
more both of Euripides and of Greek scholarship in
general.
Our obligations to previous editors are very great :
but we have carefully avoided the mistake of writing
a mere compilation, which must needs be crude and
therefore unsatisfactory. The editors to whom our
acknowledgments are more especially due are Porson,
Pflugk, Hermann, Dindorf, Kirchhoff, Nauck, Paley,
Wecklein and Weil.
Our text is for the most part conservative, follow-
ing (as all modern editors must) the lead of Kirch-
12
vi PREFACE.
lioff, whose edition of 1855 placed the text of Euripides
on a new footing. With him we have given great
weight to the best class of MSS., viz. the Mar dan
(xii. cent.), the Vatican (xiii. ?), and the two Parisian,
2712, 2713; denoted by Prinz A, B, E, a respec-
tively. The 'best MS.' occasionally mentioned in the
commentary is the first of these.
All quotations have been given in full, and the
only book to which mere references have been made
is Prof. Goodwin's excellent School Greek Grammar.
We gratefully acknowledge valuable help and advice
from the well-known scholars Prof. Kennedy, Mr E. S.
Shuckburgh and Mr A. W. Yerrall.
INTRODUCTION.
EURIPIDES was born B. c. 480, perhaps on the very
day when in 'the* battle' at ( sea-born Salamis' Athens
under Themistokles destroyed the great Persian force
which Xerxes had brought against Hellas, and won
the fight of civilisation and progress over stagnation
and barbarism. His lot was therefore cast in the
most brilliant epoch of Athenian history, and while
he was growing up to manhood the life of the whole
of Hellas ran high, all was movement and vigour
tempered by Athenian taste into an artistic beauty
dignified by power. The literary form which this out-
burst of energy took was, as in Elizabethan England,
the drama. Aeschylus born B.C. 525 and Sophokles
born B.C. 495 had perfected the form of tragedy, the
one ruggedly grand, the latter ideally perfect. It
was reserved for their great successor Euripides to
make tragedy not heroic but human, to paint men
not as they ought to be but as they are when toiling,
rejoicing, sorrowing jn the high-ways and the bye-
ways of everyday life. We may everywhere see
' Our Euripides the human
With his droppings of warm tears
And his touches of things common
Till they rose to touch the spheres'.
* Xen. Andb. I. 2. 9.
viii INTRODUCTION.
'His object was to excite interest, not by distant
grandeur like Aeschylus, nor by ideals however touch-
ing and poetic like Sophokles, but by bringing real
men and women on the stage, with real human
passions and feelings as his countrymen saw them
every day in Athens. The strong side of this realism
is clearly < the touch of nature ', the weak side is the
danger of its losing all effect and becoming common-
place and undignified'.
^The HECUBA tells the story of the Trojan queen's
sorrows, the hateful exchange of slavery for royal
estate, the foul murder of her son, the sacrifice of her
daughter, and the bloody revenge wreaked by her
upon the slayer of her boy. It abounds with the
good and bad points of the poet. It is, as Aristotle
said, the 'most tragic' of dramas, and is full of pathetic
power. But the set harangues on the possibility of
teaching virtue and on the value of rhetoric (traces of
the poet's intimate relations with Sokrates, Anaxagoras
and other leading spirits of his day,) sound cold and
in bad taste, coming as they do from the mouth of a
mother steeped in bitter Woe. Again, the loose j oining
of the two parts of which the play is composed indi-
cates a weak point in the poet. The death of Polyxena
and the cruel revenge upon Polymestor are really two
separate pieces which Euripides has not cared to weld
into one very fast whole. For whereas Sophokles
contrived that every scene should lead up to the
catastrophe, Euripides relied upon the telling nature
of particular situations. \
It is somewhat strange that, while Euripides gained
the first prize but five times in the course of his long
dramatic career, so many as 1 8 of his plays have come
down to us as against seven of Sophokles and Aeschylus
respectively. His tender pathos and modern spirit
INTRODUCTION. ix
will account for his popularity in modern times ; for
his want of success in his own days, ' why crown whom
Zeus has crowned in soul before?'
In criticising such prologues as that spoken by the
shade of Polydorus, we must remember that every
Athenian in the theutre knew perfectly well already
the whole tale of 'the mobled queen.' But he would
watch with breathless interest to see how the poet
would work out and develop the familiar story, and the
prize would be adjudged accordingly. The audience
was probably as highly educated as our own Commons;
'for the house is clever', said Aristophanes, one of the
cleverest of them all. Macaulay truly says, 'An
Athenian citizen might possess very few volumes ; and
the largest library to which he had access might be
much less valuable than Johnson's bookcase in Bolt
Court. But the Athenian might pass every morning
in conversation with Socrates, and might hear Pericles
speak four or five times in a month. He saw the plays
of Sophocles and Aristophanes: he walked amidst the
friezes of Phidias and the paintings of Zeuxis : he knew
by heart the choruses of Aeschylus'.
The date of the Hecuba is fixed with fair precision
to B.C. 425 or thereabouts. For Aristophanes in the
Clouds* , which came out B.C. 423, parodies v. 172;
compare also the notes on 462, 650. Its moral is
the antithesis of barbarism and savagery to Hellenic
culture and the reign of law, together with a practical
illustration of the favourite Greek saying Spda-avri
iraOeiv. The scene is laid in the Thracian Chersonese,
over against Troy, where the anger of Achilles has
held back the favourable wind from the Greek fleet.
His Shade has just appeared above his tomb, dernand-
* 1165.
x INTRODUCTION.
ing as sacrifice the fairest of the Trojan maidens. A
Greek council of war votes that Hecuba's daughter
Polyxena shall die. Here the action of the play
opens.
Structure of the Play.
I. PROLOGUE, 1 99 = that part of a tragedy
which precedes the first entrance of the
chorus.
II. PARODUS, 100 154 = the song of the chorus
as they march into the orchestra and take
their place.
III. First EPISODE, 155443.
IY. First STASIMON, 444 483. A Stasimon is a
song sung by the chorus from their sta-
tion.
Y. Second EPISODE, 484628.
YI. Second STASIMON, 629 657.
VII. Third EPISODE, 658904.
VIII. Third STASIMON, 905952.
IX. EXODUS, 953 end.
Episodes are the dialogues which come between two
choral odes, and it will be seen that they roughly
divide the whole play into acts. The Doric poet
Alkman gave an artistic form to the choral lyric by
arranging that the chorus, whilo singing stasima, should
execute alternately a movement to the right (STROPHE
turning) and a movement to the left (ANTISTROPHE) ;
and he composed the songs which the chorus was to
sing in couples of stanzas called STROPHE and ANTI-
STROPHE, answering to these balanced movements.
Tisias of Sicily (sumamed Stesichorus, 'marshal of
choruses',) perfected the form of the choral lyric by
adding to STROPHE and ANTISTROPHE a third part, the
INTRODUCTION. xi
EPODOS, sung by the chorus while it remained station-
ary after the movements to right and left.
It is advisable to add a few words in explanation of
the scholia which are sometimes cited in the com-
mentary. The scholia of Euripides consist of a putting
together of two continuous commentaries, the fuller one
the work of Dionysius, the other by an anonymous
writer, both drawing from Alexander, who again
drew largely from Didymus : he for the most part re-
produced the opinions of earlier commentators. The
genealogy therefore is (1) Didymus, (2) Alexander,
(3) (a) Dionysius, (b) Anon., (4) the Scholia them-
selves.
E K A B H.
TA TOY APAMATOS IIPO2QIIA.
nOATAQPOT EIAQAON.
EKABH.
XOPOS AIXMAAfiTIAQN TTNAIKON.
HOATSENH.
OATSSETS.
TAA6TBIOS.
0EPAHAINA.
HOATMHSTflP KAI 01 HAIAES ATTOT.
The scene is laid throughout in the Grecian encampment on
the shores of the Thracian Chersonese.
Vj RSJTTJ
EKABH.
nOATAOPOT EIAOAON.
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, ara^>os' vvv 3' VTTC/D ^rpos ^>tXi;s 30
atcrcra), CTW/A' cp^/xcJcras c/xov,
ev yij rrJSe Xcpcrov^crta
tjJirj SVCTT^VOS K Tpota? ?rapa.
8* 'A^atot vav? C^OVTC? ^orv^ot 35
Odcrcrovar* CTT* aKTats T^crSc prjKias
ecog yap Trats vTrcp rvp/Sov <^
os OLKOV tvOvvovTas va,\iav
atret 8* a8cX^v T^V e/x.7}v IloXv^e^v 40
Tv/AjSw ^!)tXov TrpocrcftayfJia /cat yepa?
Kal Tcvfcrat rovS', ovS' aScop^ro?
ccrrat ?rpos avSptov* 17 TrcTrpco/Aeviy 8* aya
a8eX<^7yv rcSS* C/XT/V ev ^/xart.
otv 8c ?rat8otv 8vo vcKpw Karoif/eraL 45
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ecrrat' yepcua 8* e/cTroScoV
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s, ^avracr/xa Set/xatvouo"' c/xor.
p, r/Tis IK rvpawtKaJi/ 8ojW,cov 55
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ev TTOT*. civTtcn7Ka)(ras 8e crc
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aycr', opOovvai T^V ofJioBovXov, 60
TpcoaSes, v^tv, Trpocr^e 8' avavcrav.
epcTC, 7re//,7TT*, ctctpere //.ou
yepatas
KCtyCO CTKoXtCO tTKtTTCOVt X C P O?
CTTTCVCTCO
co cTTcpOTra A to 9, co cT/corta vu^,
Tt TTOT aipo/xat T/wp(05 OVTCO
Set/xacTt, c^acT/xacrtv ; co Trorvta x^toV> 7
/uteXavoTrrepvycov jutcxrep oVapcov,
civ Trept TratSos e/jtov TOU crco^o/x,evov Kara
rjs re c^tX^s ^vyaTp<5s St* ovctpcov 75
EYPiniAOY
fjiovog OLKWV ayi<vp ar //,<3i/, 80
TTOLTpLOV
eorai ri veov,
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OVTTOT e/xa ^/oTyy (S3* aXtacrros 85
^ptcrcret, rap/?et.
TTOV 7TOT6 OtioiV 'EXevou i/a^av
^ Kao-aVSpa? ecrtSco, TpwaSes,
u>s /xot Kpwwxrtv ovetpovs ;
yap fBaXiav eXafyov XVKOV atfjiovi X a ^ 9
' yovarcov
Kat roSe 8et/x,a /XOL*
VTrep a/cpas rvfjiflov
A^tXecos* 95
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Ttva TpwtaScov.
a?r* c/xas ovi/, CXTT* c/xas roSe TratSos
XOPOS.
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ras SecrTrocrvvovs cr/o;i/as TrpoXtTrovo" ,
tv* iKXrjwOrv Kal
7175 'IXta8o9, Xo'y
Trpos 'A^atwv, 105
cxXX* ayyeXtas /3apos d
EKABH. 7
/xeya, o~ot T, yvvai, Krjpv ap^eoav.
ev yap 'A^atcov TrX^pet fvvoSw
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ras TTOVTOTropovs 8'
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raSe ^caucrcrcov, 115
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crrparoi/ alxjjirjTrjv, rots ju.ei> StSoVat 120
Tv/Jij3it) <r<j)dyiov, rots S* ^X^ SOKOUV.
^v Se TO /xev o^ov crTrevStov aya$oi/
r^s /AavTtTToXov pdK
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8torcrc3i/ [AvOwv p/ropes
y^co/x,]7 8e jitta
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at/xart ^Xwpw, ra 8e Kacrav8pas
Xe/crp' OUK tydrrjv T^S 'A^tXetas 130
TrpocrOtv OrjO-e.iv TTOTC
Sat 8e Xoycov
urai Trcog, Trptv o
K07T19, ^SuXoyo?, SrjfjLox
AaeprtaS^s 7Tt^et orrpartai/
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K. IT.
EYPiniAOY
TLV ciTretv Trapa
c5s a^aptarot Aamot Aavaots 140
TOIS ol^pfjievois VTrep
Tpotas TreStW ct
^1 8' 'O8v(7V5 OCTOJ/ OUK
'TTwXo^ d^>eX^a)V crwv ctTTO
K T6 yepata? X P O< * opp-yvutv. 145
aXX' t^t vaov?, t0t Trpos ^CD/AOVS,
t^' 'Aya/A/xj/ovos t/certs yovarcov
K7Jp\}(Tcre Oeovs TOV<$ T ovpavtSas
rovs 6' VTTO yatav.
^ yap crc Xtrat 8iaKtoXvcrou(r' 150
dp^>avov ctj/at TratSos //.eXcas,
^ 8et or* eTTtSetv TV/JL/^OV TrpoTrerr)
<j>owi(rarofjivr]v al/x-art TrapOtvov
CK vpvcro^)Opov
$iprj<s vaa-fta) /x-eXavavyet.
EK. ot 'yoj /xeXea, rt TTOT' ctTrvcraj ; 155
^o ; Trotor
SctXata SetXat'ou
ras ov rXara?,
ras ou ^>epras* cojuoi ymot.
ioi ; Troia yev^a, 160
ravrav 77 Ketai/,
Trot 8' ^aco ; TTOV rts
EKABH. 9
$ecoV rj Sat/xcov eVaptoyos ; 165
<S KO.K
KCIK'
TnjfJiaTj aVcoXecraT', coXe'crar'* ovKeVt /xoi /3tos
ayaoros ev 0aet.
(S rXa/xouv, ayr)<rcLi p.oi, Trovg, 170
ayrjcraL ra y^pata
?rpos ravS' avXay* co re'/cvov, o> Trat
Suo-Tavorara? /xare/305, l^eX^'
tt\@ y OIKCOV* ate jttarepos
au8av, <S TKvov, (05 etSifJs 175
otav otav ato>
HOATSENH.
/xarcp /Ltarcp, rt ^8oas ; Tt
KOLpV^CLfT OtKCDV /X,', (uVT* OpVIV,
OoifjiptL T(2S' e^eVra^fas ; 1 80
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IIOAYH. rt /xe 8vcr^)^/Xts ; ^>pot)u,ta /xot Ka/ca'.
EK. atat, era? i^v^as.
IIOAYH. efai;Sa, /x,i; Kpv\j/rj<s Sapov.
8et)uatV<o Setyu-atvcD, ^tarep, 185
Tt TTOT* avacTTeVetg.
EK. TCKVOV co, TC/CVOJ/ /xeXea? /xaT/ao?.
IIOAYH. Tt To8' ayyeXXcts;
EK. cr<^a^at <r' 'Apyetcov Kotva
ctvct TT/)OS TVfJLpov yvcJ/xa 190
9 __ 2
10 EYPIIIIAOY
ia yea.
HO AYE- oi/xot, /-tare/3, TTOJS <$eyyet
a/xeyapra KO.KMV', /mVvcroV JJLOL
fiaWO-OV, jJLOLTp.
EK. cujSa>, Trat, Sfcr^/xovs <a/z,as' 195
dyyeAAoixr' 'Apyet'cov 8o^at
^<^)a) ras eras Trept' /x,ot
IIO A YE. (3 Setva Tra^oGcr', w Tr
(S Svo'rai/ov fjiarep yStora?,
otav otav au trot Xw/3av
fyOtOTaV dppTJTCLV T*
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ovKTi crot Trats aS' OVKZTL
yrjpa. SetXata SeiAcua)
;
yap fjC cocrr' ovpiOptTrrav
SctXat'a SetXatW 205
^etpos dvapTrao-rav
eras OLTTO, Xat/^oro/xoV ^' ''AtSa
yas {iTTOTre/ATTO/xcvav O~KOTOV, ev^a vc/cpojv /xera
raXatva /cetVo/xat. 2IO
a-e /xcv, a> fjiarep Suorave /3coVj
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ov ju,TaKXato/xat, a'XXa Oavtiv /xoc
^WTf^t'a KpL(T<T<J)V KVpy](TV. 21$
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veov rt Trpos ere crrjfjiarwv 7ro?.
yvvai,
~
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,
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eSof 'A^atot? TratSa cn/i/ IIoAi^ev^v 22O
cr<f>dai Trpos opOov X^P 'A^tXXet'ov ratfrov.
TTO/XTTOI;? Kat
elvcu* OVJAGLTOS 8*
T* eTrecrrat To9Se Trats
^' o^v o Spacrov; /^T;T' dTrocnracrOrjs /3ta 22$
yty]/wcr/< 8 a\Krjv KOL Trapovcriav Ka/ccoi/
TOJl/ O"COV. <TO(f)OV TOL KOLV KdKCHS O, Se^ <f>pOVLV.
EK. cuar Trapecrr^', cos cotK , aywv jiteya?,
TrXijprjs (rrevay/xwv o^Se Sa/cpvcoi/ KCVOS. 230
Kaywy' ap' ov/c WvrfdKov ov p ^XP^ V $ aF <' l '>
0^8' wXecrev /xe Zev?, rp<j)L 8', OTTCOS opco
KttKcov KCIK aXA.a /xet^oy* 7^ raXatv eyco.
et S' ecrrt rots SovAoicri roi^s e\v@povs
/XT} XvTrpa ju/^Se KapSta? S^Krifpta 235
l^LcrTOprjcraij trot /xev iprj(r@ai ^peajv,
^'/xas 8' aKoOcrai rov? epcoTcovra? raSe.
OA. ^CTT', epcara' TOV ^poi/oi> yap ov <f>0ov<j).
EK. oto-^' T^vtV ^X^es 'IXtou
r ayu,op^>o9, ojut/xarcov T a?ro 240
<oVou orraXay/xot o-Tyt/ Karecrra^ov yevuv;
OA. ot8'* ov yap a/cpas /capSt'as fyavcre /xov.
EK. eyvco 8e cr' 'EXeviy, Kat ^01/77 KaretTr' e/x,ot;
OA. /xe/xvT^^e^' es KtVSwov eX^ovres /xeyav.
EK. ?Ji^a> 8e yovarooi/ TCUJ/ c/xcai/ raTretvos wv; 245
12 EYPiniAOY
OA. COOT' IvOcwtiv y (rots TreTrXotcrt
EK. rt S^r' eXeas, SorXos coV /xos Tore;
OA. TroXXcoV Xoywv tvprffJiaO*, tocrre jn?7 $avetv.
EK. la-axra S^ra a*', e^Tre/xi^a re X^OFOS;
OA. cocrr' ctcropav ye </>eyyos T^Xt'ov roSe. 250
EK. ou/cow KaKwct TotaSe rots
6 X 5 ^ c/xov /xev C7ra0s ota
8* ovSev 7;/xas ev, /ca/cws 8' oo-ov
v/xwv o-Trepjn', ocrot SrjfJirjyopovs
^Xovrc rt/xas* /x-^Sc ytyvcoo'KOta'^e yutot, 255
Ol TOVS ^tXoVS /?Xa7TTOVTS OV ^>pOVTt^CT,
tyy TOtO"t TToXXotS TTpOS X a P LV Xcy^T Tt.
arap rt ST; o~o< 107*0, TOV^' 7yyou//,evot
Is TifvSc TratSa if/rj^ov wpLcrav </>ovov;
TO XP^ V ^^ eTnyyay* av^/)a)7rocr^)aytv 260
VfJLpoV, tvOci /3ovOvTlV /XttXXoV 7T/)7Tt;
^ TOVS /cravovras avraTTOKTcrvat ^eXcov
CS T7/^8' 'A^tXXVS v8tKO)5 TtJ/t <^O^OVJ
aXX* ovSe^ aurov oJSc y* tpyao"rat /ca/cov.
vtv atrctv XP^ T^^W 7rpoo"^>ay//,aTa* 265
yap wX0"cv rti/ cs Tpotav T* ayet.
ct 8* at^u,aXa)Tov ^P^ TIV* eKKpiTOj/ ^aveti/
KaXXct ^' VTrepc^epovo'av, ov^ rjfjLwv ro'Se*
77 TwSapts yap ctSos K7rp7TO~TaT>7,
a8tKOVO"a ^' ^/xwv ovSev yvcrov rjvpeOrj. 270
T<3 />tV StKato) TovS* djittXX(3ju,at Xoyov
a 8* avrtSovvat 8et a*, aVatTova^s e/xou,
afcoro^ov. ^o> r^s e/x^<?, cos <^T75j X P OS
/cat r^o-Sc ypatas Trpoo-TTtrvcov 7rap7yt8os*
EKABH. ] 3
aV$a7TTO//,ai aov TwvSc TWJ/ avraJv eyeo, 275
X a P tv T aTratroS T^V TO$ , t/cercva) re crc,
/XT/ fJLOV TO TCKVOV K ^CpOJj/ CtTTOO'TraO'^g,
/Ltr/Se KTaivrjTe. TCOV TtOvrjKorwv aXts*
TOLVTY] ycyrjOa /caTrtX^^Oyaat /caKcov*
17 8* avrl TToXXaJj/ ecrrt /x,oi Trapaiffu^rj , 280
TroXts, TiOrfvrj, fiaKTpov, ^ye/^wv oSov.
ov rev? /cpaTovvras ^77 Kparetj/ a /XT/ ^peco'/,
ovS' cvrv^ovvra? cv So/cav 7rpdew aet.
/cayo> yap T/V TTOT', aXXa vvi/ OVK ct/x* ere,
TO^ irdvTd 8' o\/3ov rjjjiap cv fji a<t>L\TO. 285
aXX', a> c^tXov yeVctov, cuSeV^-u />te,
oiKTeipov eXOwv 8' t
as TO TrpwTOV OVK e/cretarc
-a>v ctTTOo-Tracravres, aXX' wKretpare. 290
8' !/ V/Xtl/ TOt? T* IXtvQtpOlS t<TOS
Kat T0t<rt 8ouXots aifJiaTOS /cetrai Trept.
TO 8* a^i'w/xa, /caV Ka/cws Xeyr;, TO crot/
9TUTCi* Xoyo? yap e/c T' aSo^ovvTcov 6>v
KCLK TCOI/ 8oKovvTO)V auTos ou TavTOV (rOevi. 295
XO. OUK COTtV OVTO) O-TppOS dvOptoTTOV
rjTLs yowv O"cuv Kat ^laKp^
fcXvovo'a Oprfvovs OVK aV Kpd\oi
OA. 'EKa/??/, 8t8ao-/cou, /xTySe T<3
ToV cv XeyovTa Svarjjievrj TTOLOV <t>pvi. 300
cya> TO //.er aw craJ/x , v^> ovTrep
(TO)^tV TOlfJiO<S t/Xt, KOV/C
a 8' flirov ets aTravTas, ov/c apv^o~o/xat,
14 EYPIIIIAOY
Tpotas aXovo"/?? aV8pl r<3 Trpcora) (TTparov
(rrjv TraiSa, Sovvai o-</>aytov efaiTOiyxei/tp. 305
ev Ta>8e yap Kafjivovcrw al TroXXat TroXets,
orai/ TIS eo~$Xos /cat 7rpo$i>/xos cov
<f)pr]Tai TWV Ka/ctovtov
-uTrep yr;s 'EXXaSos KaXXtcrr' avrjp. 310
ro3' atcr^/Dov, et fiXiirovn /xev <^tXa>
J , cTret 8' oXcoXe, JUT; ^pco/xecr^ 5 4'rt ;
Tt S^T' ^1 TtS, ^ TtS ttV <^>aT/
Oi) T' aOpoicns TToXcjU-t'cuv T' aycovia ;
Trorepa jJia^ovfJieO^ r] <j(>iXoi/a;)(?;cro/xi/, 315
TOV KOLrOavovO' opaJvres ou
Kat jitTyv e/xotyc ^covrt /^ev,
Kt tr/xt/cp' e^ot/xt, TTOIVT' av apKOiWcos
TVfji/3ov 8e /3ovXotiJLr)v av aftov/xevov
TOF e/xov opacrOai' Sta /xaKpov yap ?; ^apt?. 3 2
t 8* otKrpa 7racrp(etv ^T)?, ra8' avra/cove /xov*
ctcrlv Trap* Ty/xtv oiuSev rjcrcrov a^Xtat
ypatat yvvat/ces ^8
crco/xar' 'I8ata KOVIS. 3-5
roX/xa raS'* ^/xets 8', ct /ca/ccos vo/xt^o/xev
Tt/xav TOV (T$Xoi/5 a^aOiav o
ot /3dpj3oipoi 8e /XT^TC TOV?
/X-^TC TOIJS KaXcSs
O*, o>s ai/ 17 /xev 'EXXas evruxfii 33
ets 8* ex 1 ?^' o/xota TOIS ySovXev/xacrti''.
XO. atat' TO 8ovXov cos Ka/coY TT<^VK act,
EKABH. 15
roX/m & a pr] xp?7, T fl /^V ^parov/xevov.
EK. a> Ovyarepj ovfjiol pJkv Xdyoi Trpos aWepa
<pouSoi fjLaTrjv pt^cVres ajjitfrl crov <povov' 335
cri> 8' ct rt /xei^a) Svva/xtv ^ ^rrjp e^cts,
CTTrovSa^ej Tracras WCTT' a^8ovos aro/xa
<f>@oyyds tetcra, ^ <TTpr)6rjvai ficov.
TrpocTTrtTTTe 8* otKTpcos TouS' 'OSvcTo^ews yoFV,
Kat Tret^'. e^ets Se Trpo^acrtv* ecrrt -yap reKva 340
Kat ra>8e, T^I/ cr-^v wcrr' eTrotKretpat r^x 7 ? 17 '
H. dpo) a 1 ', 'OSucro'ei;, 8etav T;^)' t/x,aros
u,?y crou
OdpcrtC Trec^evya? TOV e/x,oV t/cecrtov Ata* 345
05 ci^o/xat ye, row T' dvayKacov
Oavtlv re
KCLKTJ <j>avov//,at Kat (f)Lo\f/v^os yvvr.
TL yap fji 8et ^v ; 77 Trarr/p /xej/ T^I/ ava^
^pvyaJy aTravrcov' TOVTO ju,ot Trpwroi/ ftiov' 350
7TLT tOptcfrOrjV eX7Tt8cOV KaXwi' V7TO,
/3ao"L\V(TL vvfjitfrr], fcfjXov ov (TfUKpov ydfjLwv
(r, orov 8co//,' eartai/ T' d^t^OfictC
8' 97 SVOTT^VOS 'iSa-t'aicrti/ ^v
Trap^eVots r' aTro^XcTrro? />tera, 355
ten? Otoio-ij TrXrjv TO KarOavelv ftoi/ov*
vvv 8' et/xt SouX??. Trpwra /xev /xe
epav riOrjo'iv, OVK ctco^o? ov*
SeO-TTOTWV 0)jU,(5j/
av, ocrrt? dpyvpov fj? cJj/Tfo-erat, 360
re \drtpu>v TroXXcov Kct(rtv,
16 EYPiniAOY
7rpo<r$i9 8' dvdyKTjv VLTOTTOIOV Iv
o"atpetv T 8a>/xa
ayovo~av
8e raju-a 80^X09 (oviyro? TroOzv 365
t, rvpavvwv TrpoorOzv ^
' a^t^//.' o/yt/x-arcov
TO 8', "Aiftrj TrpoorriO^icr c/xov Se/x,as.
ay' ovv /A', 'OSvcrcrcv, /cat Siepyaom /x* aywr*
OUT' eATT^&og yap ovre TOU So^s opoj 370
Trap* T//XIV & TTOT* cv Trpa^at /xc XP 7 /'
(TV 8' 77
Xcyotxra ^re Spaxra* (rv/x/3ovXou 8e
^avetv, Trptv atcr^pwv ^77 Kar* a^tiav
ocrrts yap OVK eico^e yevctr^at KaACwv, 375
jLtcv, a/Vyei 8' av^c
8' ai/ et^ ^aXXov
rj ^wv* TO yap ijv ^77 KaXaJs /xcyas TTOVOS.
XO. 8ctVOS X a P OLK ' in JP a7Tt<J77/X,OS I/ /3pOTOlS
co~^Xcuv ycvecr^at, KCITTI jutctfov cp^cTat 380
TT;? cvyej/cta? ovo/^a TOUTIV oi^tots.
EK. icaXco? /xcv eTrras, Ovyarcp' aXXa TO>
XvTT/7 TTpOO'CO'TtV. Ct Se 8ct T(3
Xptv yV<rOai 7rat8t, /cat ij/oyov <j>vyiv
v/xa?, 'OSvo-a-cv, r^vSc ^ev /XT; /cTCtvcTe, 385
^ e /4as 8* ayovTC? Trpo? Trvpav 'A^tXXcws
KCVTctTc, ^77 ^cftScatf** cyw Ve/cov Ilaptv
os -7rat8a Tt8os wXco'cv T
ou o-', w ycpata, KarOavciv
<f>dvTa(r[A 'A^atovg, aXXa TifvS', rjnjcraTO. 390
EKABH. 17
EK. vxicts 8e p dXXd Ovyarpl
Kat 8ts TOCTOV TTCO/X' at/xaros
yata vcKpco re TCO ra8' c^atrov/xeVto.
OA. aXis Koprjs ets $aVaTos* ov Trpocrotoreos
aXXos Trpos aXXa)' /x^Se ro^S* co</!>tXo/xv. 395
EK. TroXX^ y dvdyKrj Ovyarpl crwflaveti/ C/AC.
OA. TTCOS ; ov yap oTSa Seo-Troras KeKT^/^eVo?.
EK. oTTota Ktcrcros 8/3 vos OTTOD? T^crS* c^o/xat.
OA. ov/c, T^V yc TrtiOr) rotcrt croi} cro<^a)Tcpot9.
EK. cos T^a-8 1 e/covcra TratSo? ou jLtc^cro/xat. 400
OA. dXX* ou'S* cyco /x?)i/ r^vS* a7Tt/x* avrov XtTrcwr.
JIOAYH. ft^rep, TTI^OU /xof Kat en), Trat Aacprtov,
XaXa TO/ccvo-tv CIKOTWS ^v/xov/xevots,
o~v T , co raXatva, rot? Kparovcrt /x.^ ^a^ov.
/3ov\ti Trecrctv Trpos ovSas, IXKcocrat re croi/ 45
yepovra ^pcora Trpos /5tav
vrjcrai r CK viov
' ; a Trct'crct* /x^ CTV y'* ov yap a^tov.
ClXX', CO <lX?7 ^U,Ot fJLTJTCpj T/OtCTTTyi/ X^P a
Sos Kat Trapctav Trpocr^aXctv TraprjiSi' 410
cos OVTTOT* ar^ts, aXXtx vvi/
aKTti/a KVKXor ^' ?JXt'ov
reXos Se^ct ST; TCOV e/xcov 7rpotrc/>^y/xaTO)v.
co /x^rep, co TCKOVCT', a?rt/xt S>) Karco.
EK. co Ovyarcp, oy/xets 8* ev c^act SouXevcro/xcr. 415
I1OAYS. ai/u/xc/>os, avv/xevatos, coi/ /x' e^
EK. oiKTpd <TVj TtKVOVj a0Xta 8' eyco
HO AYS. cKt 8* cv "AtSov Ktcro/xat x w P^ s tre^er.
EK. oL/xot rt 8patra> ; ?rot
18 EYPIIIIAOY
JIOAYS. $ov\rj OavovjJiaL, Trarpos over IXtvQepov. 420
EK. TjfJLtis 8e 7TVT?7KOj/Ta y a/x//,opot TCKVCOF.
IIOAYS. TI crot ?rpos "E/cTOp' 77 yepoFr' etVcu TTO'O-IV ;
EK. ayycXXe 7rao~a>v a^XicoTar^v e^tie.
IIOAYS. (3 crrepva, /xacrrot 0', o? /A' eOptyaO' 9;8ea)s.
EK. to T?;S acopou Ovyarep dOXia rv^r]<s. 425
IIOAYS. x a V> ^ re/covcra, x 01 ^ 6 KacravSpa re ftot.
EK. ^aLpovcrLV aXXot, fJirjrpl 8* OVK lo-rtv ro8e.
IIOAYS. o T ev ^iXtTTTTOt? pyl
EK. et ^T) y'* a?rt(7T(J3 8* a>Se TrdvTa
IIOAYS. 17 Kat Oavovorr]*; o/x/>ta crvyKXTfo'et TO o"ov. 430
EK. reOvrjK e'ywye Trptv Oaveiv KOLKUV VTTO.
IIOAYS. KO/JU' , 'OSvcrcrev, />t' a/x,</>t$eis /capa TreVXots'
cos TT/Div cr</>ay?7V<u y' iKTerrjKa KapSiav
GpyjvoLCTL fJLrjrpos, r^vSe r' e/cr^Kco yootg,
CD ^>(5s* 7rpoo'67rtv yap crov OVOJJL c^ecrrt /xoi, 435
JJLTCTTL 8' O^Sci/ TrX^V OCTOV
jSatVco jJiTav Kol Trupas '
EK. ot *ya> ' TrpoXetTro) * Xverat 8e /xov
to Ovyarcp, dif/ai /x^rpos, e'/cravoj/
8<>s* /x,^ Xt7T>ys // aTratS'. aTrcoXoya^v, ^>tXat. 440
[cSs TJ/V ActKatvav fuyyovov Atocr/copotv
tSot/xt* 8tcx KaXaJv yap o/iyLtarcov
Tpotav etXe r?Jv euSatyxora,]
XO. avpa, Trovrtas aupa, orp. a'.
arc TrovTOTropovs KOjitt^ets 445
$oas CIKOLTOVS
Trot //, rav ^c
TO) 8ovXo(n;vos
EKABH.
19
77 Acop/Sos opjjiov 0,10,9,
/caXXurrcoi/ vSaraJV Trarepa
<^>ao"ii/ ATrtSavov yvas
^ vacro)j/, d\LTJpL
KajTra 7re/X7ro/xevav
OLKTpdv /3LOTO.V
i/$a TTpcoroyovo? re
8a</>va $' tepovs
vs Aarot
dyaX/JLCL 8t"as ;
"i>v A^Xtaatv re KO
'Apre/xtSos re
v afjurvKa ro^a T'
>7 IlaAXaSo^ ev TroXec
ras
OtKOt?,
apa TTco-
, ei/ SatSaXeatcrt TTOC-
' dvOoKpOKOKTL TTT^Va
Ttrcxvwi/ yveav,
v Zevs a//x/>i7n;pa>
t/At^et ^>Xoy/x,a> KpovtSas ;
AOt TKea)j/ c/xwi/,
Aot Trarepa)]/, yOovos &
eva, Sopt'-
'ApyetcDV* yco S'
450
avr. a. 455
460
465
crrp.
470
475
20 EYPiniAOY
480
SovXa, XtTTOvcr' 'A<rtW
EvpcoTras OcpdTr
aXXa^acr' "AtSa
TAA6TBIOS.
TTOV TT/V avacrarav S^TTOT* ov<rav 'IXtou
"EKCI/^T/V av c^evpot/xt, TpwaSc? Kopat ; 485
XO. avrr; TreXas crov, VO>T' l^ovcr* CTTI x^ ol/ ^
TaXOvfiie, Ktrat, avyKK\r]fjL^vrj TrcTrAot?.
TA. <S Zcv, rt Xe^w ; iroTcpd & dvOpwTrovs opav ;
^ So^av aXXws n/vSe KCKTrjarOat, fj,drrjv
[i//vS^, So/coiWas Sat/ioVcov ctvat yevo?,] 490
c Travra rdv
Kat vuv TroXts ftev Trdcr* avecrr^Kc^ Sopt,
av-ny Se SovX-^, ypai;?, aTrat?, 7rt ^ovl 495
KCtrat, KOVCI <fivpovara Svcrnqvov Kapa.
(frcv <^V. yepwv /xcv t/x * ojitcug Se /xot
ctr;, Trptv atcr^pa 7rcpi7re(retv rv^y rtvi.
avtorraa-', <5 SvVr^ve, Kat /xeraportov
TrXcvpav 7ratpe Kat TO TraXXeuKOv Kcxpa.
EK. ca* Tts ovros craJyua TOVJJLOV OVK ea?
KCto-^at ; rt Ktvets /x', ocrrt? t,
TA. TaXOvflios ^KW, Aavat'Scov vTr^
ywai,
EK. tu ^tXrar', apa Ka/x,' 7rtcr0a^at Ta<^>a>
'A^atots ^X^cs ; (os c/nX' av Xcyot?.
EKABH. ( T
i/, ey/covw/Aei/, Tjyov /xot, yepov.
TA. cn}v TrcuSa /car^avoucrav w? Oouf/rjs, yvvai,
fJLTacTTL^)V (re* ircfiirova'w Sc /AC
OI T* 'ArpetSat /cat Xcoos 'A^ati/co?. 510
EK. of/xoi, Tt Xc^cts ; OUK ap' cJ? OavovfJLtvovs
s ijfJi.as, aXXa cr^avcGv KaKa ;
(S Trat, fJLrjrpos apTrauOtiv ctTro*
^/XtS S* OLTKV(H TOVTTl CT* * (3 TttXatl/' yO>.
TTCOS /cat vtv e^CTrpa^aT* ; ap' atSov/xe^ot ; 515
?/ 7rpo5 TO Sctvov TJXOtO', (Js e^pav, ytpov,
KTtVoVTS J t7T, /cat7Tp OU Xe^OJV <t'Xa.
TA. StTrXa /xe XPI?^ ts Sa/cpva KcpSavat, yuvat,
o^s TratSos ot/cra)* vvv re yap Xeywj/ /ca/ca
Tyfa> roS* o/x/xa, Trpos Ta<a> ^', or*
irapfjv p\v o^Xos ?ras 'A^attKou crTparov
?rpo Tv/x/3oi> or^s Koprjs 7rt (
wv 6* 'A^tXXecos Trats IloXv^ei/^v
T' CTT* a/cpou ^eo/xaTO5, 7reXa9 S* eycu*
T 'A^ataji/ eKKptrot veai/tat, 525
/xocr^ou cr^s Ka^c^ovrcs ^cpotr,
O"7rovTO* TrX^pes S' ev ^epotv XayScoj/ SeTras
irdyxpvorov, atpet X 61 / 3 ^ Tttts 'A^tXXews
as OavovTi Trarpt* cr^jitatVct Se /*ot
Travrt Krjpv^ai <7Tpar(3. 530
/ca'yco Trapacrras elTroj/ ev /^ccrots raSe*
Vtyar', 'A^atot, (rtya ?ras Icrrca Xecos*
(Ttya, (TttoTra*' vT/i/e/xov S* fernya*' o^Xov.
o 8 etTrev, f tu Tra? Il^Xeo)?, Trarrjp 8 e/xos,
535
EYPiniAOY
aycoyous* 1X6 8', cos TTI'^S
Kopr}<$ a/cpai<ves at//, o crot 8topoi;/xe$a
crrparos re Kayco* Trpcu/xei/^s 8 > ly/uv yc^oi),
Xvtrat re Trpv/xvas /cat xaXtvcon/pta
vecov 8os ^^4^1 Trpev/xevovs T (XTT* 'IXtou 543
FCHTTOU rv^oi/ra? Travras es Trarpav /xoXetF.'
TOCTOUT' IXe^e, Tras S' lirrj-u^aTO crrparos.
etr* dfjupixpvcrov cfrdcryaLVOv KOJTTT/S A.a/3cov
e^ctX/ce /coAeov, Xoyao"t 8' 'Apyetcoi/ crrparou
i/ea^tats Severe irapOtvov Xafieiv. 545
77 8', cos ec/>pa<70?7, rov8' eaTJfJirjvtv Xoyov*
to Trjv /XT}J/ 7repcraFTs 'Apyetot
e/covcra, Qvrj<TK<*>' ^JLTJ rts c^^rat
Trape^co yctp Sep-^v ev/cap8tcos.
Se /x,', cos eAeuflepa ^cxvco, 550
TTpOS ^ecOV jU,$l/TS KTWCILT ' V VKpOLCTL yap
801; A?; KK\7Jcr6ai fiacriXls over* atcr^i;vo/xat.
Xaot 8' eTrcppoOrjcrav, 'Aya/x,e/x-vcov T* a^a^
etTrei/ /xe^etrat TrapOevov veavt'ats.
[^ol 8', cos Tartar' TJKOVOTOLV vo-Tdrrjv OTra, 555
HeOrJKav, ovTrep KOL jLteyto-TOV ^v Kparos.]
KCX7Tt To8* tCT^KOV(T SeCTTTOTCOV 7TOS,
Xafiovcra TreTrXovs ef ciKpas ?rco)U,t8os
XayoVos S ftecrov Trap' o'/xc^aXov,
r' ISct^e crrepva ^', co's aycxX/^aro?, 560
Kat Ka^etcra Trpos yatav yon;
c^e TravraJV rX^jaoveo-Tarov Xoyov
ov ToS', ct /Av crrepvoi/, co veavtia,
ct 8' VTT' avylva.
EKABH. 23
Xpflei9, irdpeo-Ti Aat/xos cvTpcTnyg 6Se. 565
o 8* ov 0\(j)v TC /cat flcAcov, ot/cTa> /cop^s,
Tc/>tvct crtS?7pa> Tn/cv/xaTOs Stappoas'
/cpowot 8' exwpow 17* Se /cat OvTJcrKOVv
a /cpvTrrctv o/Xjaar' apcreVwi/ xp^w. 570
7Tt 8' d<f>rJK TrvevfJia Oavacrifup o-c/>ayr/,
ovSets TOV aurov cT^ev 'ApyctW TTOI/OV,
aXX' 01 /AV avT(3v TT/V ^avovcrav CK
\Xov, ot 8e TrXrjpovcri
C/)pOVTCS 7TCV/CtVoV5, O 8' OU C/)CpO)V 575
?rpos TOT) c/>epovTOS rotaS' ^/corev KOLKO,'
1 rr?7/cas, <S /ca/cto-re, r^ veaVtSt
ov TrcTrXov, ov8e KoV/x,ov V x Pw ^!<o)v;
ov/c ct rt 8a)O~a>v r 1 ^ TreptVo"' cv/cap8ta>
r dpicrTTj ; ' rotaS' a/xc/)t 0-979 A,ya) 5 8
Oavova"r]s' curcKVcaTaT^v 8e o~e
yuvat/cwv Svo'Ti'^ccrTaT^v ^' o'po?.
XO. 8ctvov Tt TrrjfJia ITpta/xtSats 7re^O'
TroXet T n/jfJifj' Oeuv avay/catov roSe.
EK. a> 01/yarep, ov/c otS* ct? o rt ^Aei^co /caKwv, 585
TToAAwv TrapovTwv ijv yap ai^a)/>cat rtvo?,
roS' OVK ea //., TrapaKaAet 8' e/<t$ei/ av
\VTrrj rts a\\r] 8ta8o^os Ka/cwv Ka/cots.
Kat vvv TO ftev o~ov (ucrrc )U//J o"Ti/ti/ TrdOos
OVK av Svvaifjirjv e^aAeti/'ao-^at c^pevos* 59
TO 8' av Atiav TrapetAes, dyytXOeio'd /xot
ycvvato?. OVKOVV Sctvov, ct y?/ /xev /ca/c?;
Tv^ovcra Katpov OtoOev cv o~Tap(Vi/ c/>epct,
E. H. 3
24 EYPiniAOY
8' a/xapTOucr' <Sv ^pecoV
8t'8cDO-t KOLpTTOV, oV^pCOTTOlS 8* <Xl 595
d /xei> 7rov?7pds ovSev aXXo 77X7}^ Ka/cds,
d 8* eo~$Xds cr$Xds, ovSe crv/^opas VTTO
<j>v<rw 8te^>^tp', aXXa ^p^crros CCTT' act;
ap* ot T/coi/TS SiOLcfrepovcrw, rj rpo<j5>at;
6^t ye /xei/TOt Kat TO OptcfrO-fjvai icaXws 600
St3atv ecr^Xov* roi;TO 8' ^V rts ev fta%,
oTSev TO y' ato^pov, KOLVOVL TOV KCL\OV p,a6wv.
/cat TavTa /xev 87; vovs cTo^euorev fMaTrjv
orv 8' X0 Kat o-ijfAyvov 'Apyetot? Ta8e,
p} ^tyyavetv /x,ot ft^SeV, dXX' etpycti/ o^Xov 605
T?;S TratSos. eV Tot jW-vpt
a/coXaoTTOs o^Xos vavTiKt] T
Kpetcrcrcuv ?rupos, Ka/cos 8* d /x?y Tt Spwv /ca/cdv.
OT) 8' av Xa/3ov(ra TCV^O?, cxp^ata XaTpt,
/3ai//aor' eveyKe Sevpo TrovTtas aXo9, 610
ws ?rat8a XovTpots Tots TraworaTOis e/ATyv
r avvfji<$>ov irapOevov r
ov/c av SvvatfJLrjv (us 8' e^co* Tt yap 7ra^a>;
KOO-/AOV y* ayetpao-' atx/^aXa)Tt8a)v Wpa, 615
at /xot TrapeSpot Twj/S' Icrco
VOLlOVO-LVj t Tt9 TOVS VCCOCTTt
Xa^ouo-' e^et Tt AcXe/xjua TOOV avTi^s 8o/xa>v.
(S CrXTJfJLOLT OtKCUV, <3 7TOT* CVTV^etS 8d/XOt,
cS TrXetcTT* e^cov KaA-XicrTa T', evre/cvcoTaTe 620
Ilpta/jic, yepata $' 178' eyco p-iJTrjp TCKVCOV,
cos cs TO /x^Sev T/Ko/xev, <pov?;/xaTOS
EKABH. 25
TOV Trplv crepci/re?. etra 8^r* oyKovpcOa
o ptv Tts ?7ju,a>i/ TrXovcrtots ei> Sw/xacrtv,
O 8' J/ TToXtTatS Tt/ZtOS KK\r)fJLVOS. 625
ra 8' ovScv* aAAcos <^>povTt8a)i/
yXwaO");? T KO/ATTOt. KtVO5 o
oro) Kar' "5/xap rvy^avet /x^Sev Ka/cov.
XO. c/xot x/ 3 ^ wpcfropav, crrp.
e/xot XP^ V Tiy/aomv yevecr^at, 630
'iSat'av or TrpajTOv v'Xav
'AAe^avSpos etXartVav
cTa/x,$', aXtov TT' oT8/Aa vaucrroX^crcov
'EXevas cTTt XeKTpa, rav KaXXtVrav o ^pv(ro-
<^a?}s 635, 6
*AXtos avya^et.
TTOVOI yap Kat TTOVWV dvr.
avayKat /cpet'crcrovc? KV/cXovvrat.
/cotvov 8' e^ tSt'as avota? 640
KOLKOV ra 2t/>iovvTt8t ya
IftoXe, crvfji<^opa r art aXXcov.
8' ept9, av i/ J/ I-
8a KptVct rptcroras /xaKapcov 645
CTTt 8opt /cat <^ova> Kat e/xcov /AeXa^pwv Xw/?a* 7ra)S.
(TTei/ct 8e Kat rts a^^)t rov cvpoov EvpcJrav 650
AaKatva TroXvSaKpvros ev 8o/xots Kopa,
TToXtOV T* CTTt KpCLTtt fJLOLTTjp
8pv7TTCTat re Trapctav, 655
32
26 EYPIHIAOY
0EPAHAINA.
yvvatKes, "ft Kafir) TTOV TTO& tj 7rava0Xia,
rj TraVra VIKWCT' aV8pa /cat OrjXvv cnropdv
KctKOLs, Iv ovSeis crT<t>avov dvOaiprjcreTcu', 660
XO. TI 8 s , (5 raA-atva cr^s Ka/<oyXcocrorov
<Js oviroO* ei;6et XvTrpd crov
ov paStov /3p07oi<rw ev^^/xetv crro/xa.
XO. Kat /x?Jv Trcpwcra Tvyx^ Vt So/xa)v vTrep 665
178', e's 8e Kaipov o-otcrt ^atvcrat Xoyots.
Se<J7rotv', oAwXa?, ov/cer* et, ftXeTrovcra
aTrat?, avavSpo?, aVoXts, IgttfrOapfAcvi].
EK. ov Katvov etTras, etSoViv 8' covetSicra?. 670
arap rt ve/cpov rovSe />tot
TTCXVTWV 'Axatoov Sta
E. 178' ovSev oIScv, aXXa /xot
OpTjVCL, VWV 8e TT^/XCXTCDV OU^ aTTTCTttt. 67$
EK. ot 'yoj raXatva, jw-cDv TO /BaK^eLOV Kapa
T^S 0co-7ria)Sov Scvpo Kao-avSpas
E. fwcrav XcXaKa?, TOV Oavovra 8' ov
roj/8*. aXX' dOprjcrov o"e3/*,a yvjjiVtoOcv vc/cpov,
ct orot <avetTat Oavfjia KOI Trap' cX?rt8as. 680
EK. OtjU,Ol, /JXCTTO) 8>) TTtttS' /X,oV TeOvrjKOTOL
v, ov /x,ot prj ecrco^' ot/cois dvrjp.
SvO^TT^VOS, OVKCT* t/*t 877.
<3 TCKVOV,
EKABH. 27
atat, Karapxo/mt vopov 685
dXatrropos
E. eyvcos yap aV^v TratSog, co Svor^ve tru;
EK. aTTL&T aTrtcrra, Katva /catva Sep/co/xat.
crepa 8' cx^)' erepwv KttKcx KCXKOJV /cvpet* 690
ovSeTTor' acrrevaKrov, aSa/cpviov a//,epa /A* cTncr^-
<Tt.
XO. SetV, (S raXatva, Setva 7rcxcrp(OjU.v KaKoi.
EK. <S re/cvov, TCKVOV raXatVas /^arpo?, 695
TtVt /^Opa> ^J/rfcTKCt?, TtVt 7TOT/XO) KCtCTat J TTpOS TtVOS
E. OVK oTS*. CTT' ciKTats vtv Kvpco
EK. K/3\r)Tov, 77 Trecr-rjiJLa <^>otvtov 8opos,
ev ^a/xa0a> Xevpa ; 700
E. TTOI/TOV rtv e^r/veyKC TreXaytos KXvSwi/.
EK. w/xot, atat, e/xa^ov CWTTVOV o/x/xarwv
IjLtwv oi/^ti/, ov jit 7rape/2a <^>a-
cr/xa /xeXat'OTrTCpov 75
aV ecretSov a/x^)t a*',
0) TKVOV, OVKT* OJ/Ttt AtO9 CV <at.
XO. rts yap vtv CKTCIT/' ; oTa^' ovtpo^>pwv (^paaat ;
EK. e/xos e/x6 ^eVo?, p>7/aos tTTTrora?, 710
tV o yepa)!/ TraTrjp Wzro viv Kpui^a?.
XO. o)ju,ot, rt Xe^ets ; xpvcrov cos ^77
EK. apprjTj avcoi/Ojuao-Ta, Oavfjiarw
ov% ocrt', o{i8' dvKra. TTOV StKa ^evwv ; 7 J 5
co KarapaT* aVSp<3i/, cos Ste/xotpacrco
6 a ) crtSapeco reyacov c^acrycxvco
28 EYPIIIIAOY
ju,\ea rovSe TratSos, ovS* OWCTICTCO. 720
XO. co rXrjfJLOVj cos ere TroXvTroi/coTarqv /3pOT<j>v
8atjw,a)i/ eOrjKtv, OOTIS eort crot /3apvs.
aXX' eio~op(3 yap rovSe Secr-TroTou 8e/xas
. 725
, rt /xeXXets TratSa (TT)V KpvTrretv Ta^>a>
-', </>' otcTTrep Ta\6vfiios vjyytiXe ftot
ft>} 6iyydvc.iv (rfjs /x-^Sev' 'Apyctcov Kop^s ;
77/^6 ts jnev ouv ctc3/xv ovS* ei^avo/xev*
crv Se cr^oXa^et9, tocrTC OavfjLaL&w e/>te. 73
TyKw 8* a7roo"TeXa)i/ <T* Ta/cet0v yap cv
7T67rpay/>tv' ecrrtv, ct rt rcovS' ecrrti/ KaXaJs.
ca* rtV avSpa rovS' C7rl o-KTyi/ats o'pw
Tpwcov ; ov yap 'Apyetoi/, 7T7rXot
7rpi7TTv<7(rovTeg ayyeXXovcrt /xot. 735
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Ty, rt 8pacra) ; Trorepa TrpocrTrecro) yovv
ov8', 77 <^>epeo crty^ Ka/ca ;
AI\ rt /xot TrpocrajTTw VOJTOV lyK\ivacra crov
Supet, TO Trpa^Oev 8' ov Xeyets, rt? ecr^' oSe. 74
EK. aXX' ct /xe SovXr/i/ TroXc/xtav ^' ^you/xevos
yovarcov ctTrworatr', aXyos av Trpocr^etjue^' aV.
AP. ovrot Trc<j>VKO. /xotvrts, co'crrc
e^tcrrop^crat CTCOV oSov
EK. ap* KXoyt^ojitat ye Trpos TO 8vcr/>teves 745
/xaXXov </>pevas TOvS', OVTOS ov^t Suoyxevovs ;
AF. ct TOI j/,6 jSovXct TcSvSe /x^Sev ctSeva*,
EKABH. 29
S TOLVTOV ^KCtS* KCU jdp OvS' yCO K\VW.
EK. OVK oV $vvai]jir)v ToOSe Tijucopeti/ arcp
TKVOlCTt TO?? C/XOtCTl. Tt O"Tpe<o) TClSc J 75
ToX/xoV dvdyKrjj KaV TU^O) Kav /XT) rv^o).
'Aya/xe/xvov, tKerevco ore rcovSe yowara)i/
/cat crov yevet'ou Se^tas r'
AF. rt XPyf J( ' a / u -ttO"Tvov
atcova $(7#at ; pa8tov yap ecrrt trot. 755
EK. [ov S^ra" rov? /caKovs Se
ataJva roV vfJL7ravT
AF. Kat ST) TtV T^jitas ets eVap/cecrtv KaXets ;]
EK. ovSeV Tt TOVTOOV wv (TV So|a^ct5, aVa.
opa? veKpov Tov8', ov KaTa<7Taa) 8a/cpv ;
Ar. opco* TO /xevTOt jiteXXov ov/c ep^a) jna0eu>.
EK. TOVTOV 7TOT* TKOV Ka<jf>epOV ^CDVT^S V7TO.
AP. lo-Ttv Se Tts ora)^ OVT05, <o
EK. ov T(3i/ Oavovrwv IlptajittSa)
AF. 97 yap Ttv* aXXov eVefces ^ Acetvov?, yvi/at ; 765
EK. dvovrjrd y', a)? eot/ce, TovS* 6V ctcropas.
AF. TTOV 8' d)i/ eTuy^ai/', vJvtV aJXXvTo TTToXts ;
EK. Trartjp viv efeTre/xi^ej/, oppwScov Oavtiv.
AF. 7TOt TCOV TOT OJ/TOJV ^ODptOra? T6KI/COI/ JAQVOV \
EK. es TT^i/Sc ^(copav, ovTrep rjvpzOi] 0avu>v. 770
AT 1 . Trpo? aVSp'j os &PX t 7 " ) ? cr ^
EK. ei/Tau$' iiri^Ori TTLKpOTaTOV ^pvcrov <[>vXa.
AF. Qvrjo-Ktt, 8e Trpos TOV Kat TtVos TTOT/XOV
EK. TtVos y VTT dXXov ; p]7^ vtv coXo~
AP. <3 rXfjfJiov, rj TTOV xpuo-oV irjpoicrOrj Xafielv ; 775
EK. TOtavT*, eTretS^ vp,<j)0pdv eyvo)
30 EYPiniAOY
AF. ?7vpes 8e TTOV vw, TJ rts yveyKev VCK/OOV ;
EK. 778', tvrvxovcra Troimas aKTrjs CTTI.
AT. TOVTOV /xarevovo-', 77 TTOVOVO"' aAAov irovov ;
EK. Aovrp' <j>X T ' OMrovcr' e aAos IIoXTj^ei/^. 780
AF. KTavcov vtv, cJs eotKv, KJ3d\\i
EK. ^aXacroroTrAay/croV y', coSe Starc/xcov
AP. w a^erXta <ri> TOJV a/xcrp^TCDV TTOVCOV.
EK. oXcoXa, KovSev XOITTOV, 'Ayotjite/xvoF,
AI\ ^>e{; </)v' rts OVTCO SUCTTV^S e(^)v yw^ ; 785
EK. OVK ecrrtv, t ju,r; rrjv rv^v avTrjv Xcyot?.
aXX' ewTrep OVVCK ajjufil crov TTLTTTO) yovv,
OLKOVO-OV. ct /xev oo-ta crot Tra^etv SOKW,
<7TjOyOt/X,' C31V* Ct TOVfJUTdXlV, (7V fJLOL JCVOV
avSpo? ai / oo'ta)TaTOv ^evov, 79
OVT TOVS y^S Vp$V OVT TOVS ttVW
SeSpa/cev epyov avocrtcaraTOV,
rpaTre^s TroAAa/as TVX^V e/x,ot,
T" apifyiu) Trpwra TOJV e/x,wv ^>tAa)i/*
TU^WV 8* oo"a)v Set Kat Aa/3wv Trpo/^ry^tav,] 795
KTtV, TVJJt.f3oV 8', t KTttVCtV /3ovAeTO,
OVK ?)tWI>, CtAA' d<f>7JK TTOVTtOV.
7j/XtS /XV OVI/ SoOAot T KaCT^VtS tO~0>S*
dAA* ot ^eot o-Qivovvi x<# KtVa>v Kparwv
vojuos* vo/jta) yap TOVS 0eovs TjyovjLte^a, 800
Kat <3/xev aStKa Kat 8tKat*
os es o- aveojv ct
Kat /AT} StK^v Swo-ovo-tv otrtvcs
KTCtVovcrtv ^ 0ec3v tpa roA/xwo-t
OVK cortv ovSev TaJv cv av^pwTrots to*ov. 805
EKABH. 31
TCLVT OVV V CUO^O) @fJLVO$ aiSeCT^Tl //,,
OLKTfipov ?7/xa9, ws ypa<evs T' aTrocrra^eis
iSoO ^t KavdOprjcrov oT e^a) KaKa.
rvpavvos ^v TTOT', aXAa vvv SovX?7 (re^ci/,
TTOT* ou(ra ? T^;V Se ypavs aTrats & a/xa, 810
p^jlCOS, dOXltoTOLTrj /?pOT(OV.
ot/xot raXatva, Trot /*' V7redyeis TroSa ;
lot/ca TTpd^LV ovSev* <S raXatv* eyw.
Tt Si^ra Ovrjrol raXXa /xev /xa^/xara
fjio^Oov^v cos XP^7 Travra /cat /xacrrevo/xev, 815
Tret^w Se r>Jv rvpavvov
ov&ev TL ju.aXXov es reXos
p.uT6ov<s StSoVrcs /xav^avctv, tv' ^v TTOTC
TTf.L6f.iv a rts /SovXotro, Tvyx^ l/a ' ^' oJ/^ 01 5
7TWS OVV T* CtV TtS iXflT^mt TTpd&LV KaX(OS ; 82 O
ot /*!/ yap oi/res TraiSes ov/cer* eto-t fiot,
avT77 8* e?r' ato-xpots atx/^aXwros olyopan'
KCLTTVOV Sc TroXews TovS' VTrepOpucTKOvtf o s pw.
Kat /XT)V tcrcos /xev TOU Xo'yov KevoV roSe,
KvTrpiv 7rpo/5cxXXetv ' aXX' 6'//,cos etp^o-eraf 825
?rpos croicri TrXevpots TraTs 6/1,77
17 <j)OL/3d<s rjv KaXoucrt Kao~avSpa
TTOV ra? <^>tXas ST^T' cv<^povas 8ei'eis, aVa^,
^ TWV ev ewTJj ^tXraTCov ao"7racr/xaTa)v
Xaptv TtV eei Trats e/^Ty, /cetv^s 8* ey co ; 830
[e/c TOV o"Korou yap T<3v re WAcrepcov Travv
<^tXrpo)v /jteytcTTTy ytyi/crat ^porots X^P ts> ]
a/cove 877 vvv* TO^ ^avovra ToV8' opas ;
TOVTOV /caXcos Spwv ovra
32 EYPiniAOY
8poVct9. i/ds /xot pvOos 1/8075 ert. 835
et fjioi yeVoiro c/>$o'yyo5 eV /^pa^tocrt
/Cat X^ "^ K(X ^ KOfMLKTl /Cat TToScOV /3aCTt,
?? Aat8aAou
K\aiovr\ eTTtorK^TTTOvra Travrotovs Aoyovs* 840
iriOov,
TljU,0)pOV, Ct /Cat p,7)$V tCTTLV,
IcrOXov yap ai/Spos TT} St/ci;
/cat TOVS /caKOi>5 8pav Travraxov Ka/caJs act. 845
XO. SctvoV yc, ^v^rots cus aTravra cru/XTrtrvct,
Kat Tas avayKas ot i/o/x,ot 8tcopto"av,
Tt^CVTC? TOVS TC TToXcjU-tODTaTOVS,
TC TOVS TTptV CV/XCVCtS TTOtOV/X-CVOt.
AF. cyeo (re /cat crov TratSa /cat T^xas cre^cv, 850
t' ot/crov '
/cat ovofjiai ca>v ovve/c avocrtov
/cat TOV 8t/catov TT/vSc crot Sowat
ct TTCOS <f>avir) y cScrrc crot T'
o) re ^77 8ofat/x,t KacravSpas X^P LV ^55
vaKTt roVSe /BovXevcrai <jf>oVoi/.
ccrrtv yap 77 rapayjito? e/x7re7rra)Ke jaot*
TOV aVSpa TOUTOV <$>i\.iov T^yetrat crrparo?,
ToV KarOai/ovra 8' 1^0 pov' et 8' e/xot c/)tXos
08' ca*Tt, x w P^ s TOUTO KOV /cotvoi/ O"TpaT(3. 860
Trpos Ta{;ra c/)poj/Tt^'* cJs 0e'Aovra //,ev ft'
crot ^vfjLTrovrjorai /cat rax^j/ Trpocrap/cccrat,
8', "Axatots ct
EKABH. 33
EK. <ev'
OVK corn. Ovrjrwv ocms eo~T* eXev$epos'
rj xp?7jU,aTa)v yap 8oXos eoTtv ij TV^S, 865
77 TrXtj^os OLVTOV TroXeos 77 vojLtcov ypa<at
cipy overt xprjcrOcu fJirj Kara yveo/x^v TpOTrots.
eTret Se rap^ets ra> r' o^Xa> TrXiov ve/^et?,
eyw ere OTJCTO) rovS' c\.v@epov <po/3ov.
JAW yap, ^V rt /^ovXevcra) /ca/cov 870
8' e 'A^atwv Gopvftos -rj Vt/covpta
avSpos pr]KOS ola
ra 8' aXXa ^apaet* TTOLVT' eyco ^<jo> K<xX<3s. 875
Ar. TTWS ouv ; rt 8pao-ts ; Trorepa <acryavov ^ept
\a/3ovcra ypata ^aJra /3dp/3apov
^ ^>ap/xafcotcriv, ^ VtKovpta TtVt ;
Tts croi ^vveVrat x t/ P > 7r66e
EK. rrreyat /ceKev^ao"' atSe TpwaSwv op^Xov. 880
Ar. ras at^jtxaXwrovs ctTras, e EXX77i/(oi/ aypav ;
EK. w ratcrSe TOV e/xoV ^>ovea Ti/x,cDp7yoro/>tat.
AF. feat 7n3s ywat^tv apcreVcov ecrrat Kpdros ;
EK. Seivoy TO Tr\7J6oSj vv So'Xa) re 8vcrp,a^ov.
AP. SetvoV* TO /xevrot ^Xv /x,e//,^>o/>tat yefo?. 885
EK. Tt 8' ; ov ywatKes etXov AtyuTTTou TKva,
Kat A.TJIJ.VOV apfyv aporevcav eamo~av ;
aXX' c3s yevecr^w ToV8e /xev jute^es Xoyov,
irtfjul/ov 8e ^otot T>yvS' dcnpaXws Sta o~TpaTOV
yvvat/ca. Kat <rv, p^Kt TrXa^eto-a ^eVa>, 890
Xc^ov, '/caXet o*' avaacra 877 TTOT' 'iXtov
34 EYPIHIAOY
'Etta/??;, o"oV OVK eXacrow 77 Kivr)<$ ^peos,
/cat TratSas* cos Set KCU TKV etSeVai Xoyovs
TOV Se T^9 VO(T(f>ayOV<S
s, 'Ayajtxe//,vov, rac^ov, 895
o TrXrjcriov jat
AT. eorrat raS' ovrcos' Kat yap et //,ev T;V
TrXov?, ovfc av et^ov TT^vSe croi Sowat
vvv 8', ov yap tiycr' ovptovs Trvoas 0eos, 900
pivew dvayKrj ?rXow o'paWag ^crv^ov.
yevoiTO 8' cu TTCOS* Traat yap /cotvoy roSc,
tSta ^' c/cacrra) Kat TroXet, rot/ />tev KOLKOV
KO.KOV rt Tracr^eti/, TOI^ Se ^pTyo-ro]/ cvrv^eTv.
XO. o~u /xei/, w Trarpts 'IXtas, crrp. a'. 905
TO)V aTTOp&yrW TToXtS OVKTL Xe^f
rotov 'EXXavcov ve<^>os a/x^>t ore /cpvTrret
8opt 877 Sopt Trepcrav.
aTro 8e crre^avav Kefcapo'at 910
Trupywv, Kara 8* aWdXov
KT/XtS' otKTpoTarav
raXatv', ov/cert cr'
77/^05 CK SetTTi/coi/ VTTVOS 77*8^9 7r' oVcrois 915
KtSvarat, fAoXirav 8' oVo /cat ^opOTrotaJv
Ov<TLciv KaTaTravaras
TroVts ey 6a\dfjLOL<s e/cetro,
8* eVt TracrcraXa), 920
OUKC0' opa>i/
Tpotav 'IXtaS' e^e
EKABH. 35
eyo> Sc TrXoKOLfAov dVaSeTois crrp. ft.
9 2 5
\ev(j-(7ov(T aTepjuovas eis avyas,
CTrtSe/xvtov cJg Trecroi// es cvvdv.
dvd Se KeAaSos e/xoXc TroAtv*
8' ^v Kar* aorru Tpotas 708' * ' <S
'EXXavcoi/, TTOTC S^ TTOTC rav 930
(TKOTTldv
' ot/covs ; '
ovcra, Acapt? cos Kopa,
ofri^ovo'' 935
VK TJVVCT' "AprefJiw a
TOV e/xov a'Xtov CTTI TreXayo?,
TToXtV T' aTTOCT/COTTOVCr , 7Tt VOCTTtUOV
vavs tKivrjcrev TroSa /cat /A* CLTTO yas 940
<jjpi(TV 'IXtaSo?,
raXati/', ciTrctTrov aXyet*
TCtV TOtV AtOCTKOpOtV 'EXc
fcacrtv, 'iSatov T fiovrav
alvoTrapiv Ka.Ta.pa StSovcr', eTret fte yas 945>
K Trarpt'as aTrwXecrev ef-
coKtcrev T ot/m/
ya^aos, ov yajitog, aXX' aXacrropos Tts ot^s*
av /wfre TreXayos aXtov a?rayayot TraXtv, 95?
Trarpwov IKOIT* es
36 EYPiniAOY
nOATMHZTflP.
[<3 <f>L\Tar aV8ptov Ilpia/xe, c^tXTaVty 8e
?;, 8a/cpua) <y etcropcov TroXtv re cnjv,
rifv T* a'pTttos ^avovcraj' e/cyovov criOev. 955
c/>eu'
ovr' av KaX(3? TrpacrcrovTa
<t>vpovcri 8' avra ^eot TraXtv re Kat
ei/rt^ei/re?, cos cxyvcocrta
O.VTOVS, aXXa ravra /ACF rt Set 960
v, TTpoKOTTTOvr ovSev s TTpoV^ev KttKcov;
L TTJ5 fJ,fj<S ttTTOVCTta?,
yap ev /xecrots prjKTys opot?
COV, or' ^A^es 8ei!p'' CTTCL 8' a<jf>t/co/x>yv,
^'8?7 7To8' ^0) 8a)/X,aTCOV tttpOI/Tt )HOt 965
cs ravrov -J^e crv/XTrtTvet 8/x,wts
Xeyovcra [jivOovs wi/ KXvcuv
EK. a.lo'^yvopxii ere Trpocr/^XeTretv cvavrt'ov,
ILoXvpTJcrTOp, iv rototcrSe /cet/xev?; /ca/cot5.
orcp yap UHpOrjv evrv^ovcr, atScos /*' fX t > 97
cv Ta)8e TTor/xo) ruyxavovcr', tv' ct/xi vw,
KOVK av SuvatjLCT/v Trpocr^SXeTretv op^ats Kopat?.
aAA.' auro /x?J 8i;<rvotav rjyTJarrj crtOev,
HoXvjjirja-Top' aXy\cos 8' atrtov Tt /cat voyito?,
yvvatKas avSpwi/ ^77 ySXeTretv Ivavriov. 975
nOAYM. /cat Qavfjia y ovSeV. a'XXa rt's x/ et/a "' /x,ov;
rt X/ y 5/ x/ ' CTre/xi^a) rov ejaov e/c 8o//.cov TroSa;
EK. tStov e/xavr^s 877 Tt Trpos cr (3ov\ofjiai
/cat TratSas etTrctv (rovs* o?raovas Se A*O*
EKABH. 37
/ceXevcrov rcoYS' aTrcxrnJi/ai 8oju,cov. 980
IIOAYM. ^copetr'* ev a'a^aXe? yap 178' Iprj/jiia.
<f>i\rj fjicv L (TV, 7rpo(rc/>tXes Se jitot ToSe
A^atcaj/. a'XXa cr^/xaiVetv ere XP^
rov cu TrpatrcrovTa [M) Trpacrcroixriv cv
7rapK.iv' cos erot/^os et//,' eyw. 985
EK. Trpcorov />tev ctTre TratS' 6v e
IIoXvSw/Dov e/c re Trarpos ev So/xots
et f* ra 8' ctXXa SevTepoi/ cr'
IIOAYM. /xaXtcrra' TOVKCIVOV /xev
EK. a> ^tXra^', cos cv KCX^COS o'lOev Xeyets. 990
IIOAYM. rt 8??Ta /3ov\t Sevrcpov fJiaOelv e/^ov;
EK. et r^s TKOvcrr]<$ T^cr8e /xe/xv^rat rt /xou.
IIOAYM. /cat Sevpo y' cos ere Kpvcfrios ef^'ret jitoXetv.
EK. XP V "O? ^^ crcos, 6v -^X^ev e/c Tpotas ex 0017 '
IIOAYM. troos, ev 8o//.ots ye rots e/^-ots ^>povpov/xvos.
EK. trcocroi/ wv avrov, //,^8' pa rcoV TrXrjcrLov. 996
IIOAYM. TJKLO'T*' QvaLfJkijv rov Trapov.TOs, co yvvat.
EK. otcr^' ouv a Xe^at trot re /cat Tratcrtv ^eXco;
IIOAYM. ou/c oT8a* TOO crco TOVTO or^avets Xoyco.
EK. eW, co <t>L\7]Od<s ws tru vw e/xot ^>tXet, IOOO
IIOAYM. rt XPVl^i Ka/jt Kat TKV' et8eVat ^P 6 ^*
EK. \pv(7ov TraXatat Ilpta/xtScov /cartop^es.
IIOAYM. ravr' e'cr$' a fiovXci ?rat8t ayfjifjvai cre0ev;
EK. jaaXtcrra, 8ta crou y * eT yap evore^s anyp.
IIOAYM. rt 8^ra re/cvcov TtoVSe 8et Trapovcrtas; ,T^Q^
EK. a/xetvoi/, -^v crv /car^ai'Tys, Tow8' t8eVat.
IIOAYM. /caXcos e'Xe^as T^8e /cat crb^wrepov.
EK. otcr^' ow 'A^avas 'IXtas tVa IcrTeyat;
38 EYPIHIAOY
IIOAYM. IvravO* o %pwros ecrrt; cr^/xetov 8e rt;
EK. /xeXatva Trerpa y^s VTrepreXXovcr 9 aVa). IOIO
IIOAYM. er' ow rt /3ov\ei rwv e/cet
EK. orwcrat ere xprffJiaO' 015 owe^X^ov
IIOAYM. TTOV 817 ra, TreTrAwi/ evros ^7 Kpvil/a<r e;(is;
EK. CTKvXcov ev o^Xa) ratcrSe crw^erat o^Tcyat?.
IIOAYM. TTOV 8'; at8* 'A^atcov vavXo^ot TrepnTTV^ac.
EK. tStat ywatK(3v at^LtaXcortScov (rreyat. 1016
IIOAYM. ravSov 8e Trtcrra, Kcxpcrevcoi/
EK. ovSets 'A^ataJv evSov, aXX' ^jLtets
aXX* epTr' e? ot/covs* /<at yap 'Apyetoi vcwv
XOcrat Tro^oOo-iv ot/caS' CK Tpotias TroSa* 1020
a)? Travra 7rpafa5, cSv ere Set, crret;^ TraXtv
^vv Tratcrtv ovirtp TOV e/xov w/ctcras yovov.
XO. O^TTCD Se8coKa5, aXX' tcra)5 8(0(ret5 SI'K^V,
aXt/jCVOV Tt5 C05 5 ttWXoV TTeCTOJV IO25
Xe>(pt05 K7recreL <^)tXa5 Kap8ta5,
aju,epcra5 )8tov. TO yap VTreyyuov
8tKa Kat 6eoi(riv ov ^v/XTrtrvet, oXe^ptov KO.KOV. 1030, 1
cr' d8ov T^crS' X7rt5, ^ cr*
?rpO5 'AtSav, tw
IIOAYM. a>ju,oi, TV<j>Xov[JL(U </>eyyo5 O/A/XCLTWV raXa5. 1035
XO. ^Kovcrar' av8pO5 QprjKOS ot/xwyijv, <^>tXa6;
IIOAYM. (o/xot jitaX' av$i5, reKva, Svcrr^vou crcfrayrjs.
XO. c^i'Xai, TreVpa/crat KatV* ecra) 8o)na)v Ka/ca.
IIOAYM. aXX' ovrt /AT; ^uy^re Xat^pw TroSt'
ySaXXtov yap OIKWV TaivS' cxvapp^co fjwxovs. 1040
XO. ISov,
EKABH. 39
cos
Trap et vat Tpwacnv re
EK. apacrcre, <et8ov ju/^Sev, eK/3aXXcoi/
ov yap TTOT' o/x/>ta Xa//,/rpov ti/OrjcreiS KOpats, 1045
ov TratSa? oi/^et ^covra?, ous e/cretv' eyw.
XO. 77 yap Ka^et/\S prJKa KOLL /cparets ^eVov,
SecTTrotva, Kat Se'Spaicas otazrep Xeyets;
EK, oi/^et vtv avTLK ovra 8a)jU,arcov Trapos
ri;<jf)Xov, rv^Xcp trret^oi/ra Trapa^opco TroSt, 1050
TratScov re Stcrcrcov crcu^a^' ou? e/cretv' eyw
^vv rais aptcrrats Tpcoacrtv' ^LKHJV Se /AOt
IO 55
IIOAYM. co/AOt )not eyco,
Tra /?cu, Tra OTTCO, Tra KeAcrco;
TCTpaTToSos /3a.nv Orjpos opccrrepou
[^] ravrav ^ ravS', e^aXXafco 1060
Tas dvSpocfrovovs fJidpij/ai xpyji^wv
'IXtaSas, at /xe StcoXecrav;
raXatvat Kopai raXatvat <l>pvycov,
co Karctparot, TTOI Kat fi cjf>vyc
TTTCOCTOrOVCTt jUV^CUV ; 1 065
et0e /Aot OjH/xarcov at/xaroei/ /S
aKecrat* d/cecrato rvc^Xoi/, v AXte,
cxcx.
crtya, KpvTfrav Bacrw
E. H.
40 EYPIHIAOY
rdVSe yuvatK(3v. Tra TTOO' e7raas 1 070
(rapKwv dcrrecov r
Ooivav ayptcov 6r)pv
Xv/xas dvTiTTOLV e/xas; <S raXa?.
TTOt, TTCt <epO/*<U TCKV' ep^jlta XtTTWV IO 75
Sta/xotpacrat,
rt re (f>owav Satr' av>/-
r ovpeLOLV
/3c3,] ?ra ora), ?ra
OTTCOS TTovrtots TTeccT/xacTt Xtvo/cpOKOV 1080, I
o-reXXa)]/, CTTI ravSe crv^ets
e/xwv f^vXa^
o\@piov /cotrav.
XO. <S rXyfJiov, (0? crot 8vcr^>op' ctpyaorat Ka/ca* 1085
SpacraFTi S' alcr^poi Setva raTTtTt/xta
[c)at/xa)v e'Sco/cev, oVrts eart' crot /?apvs.]
IIOAYM. a tat, to)
*r v Apet re* Karo^ov yevos. 1090
to) 'A^atot, ta> 'ArpetSat,
ySoav avTO), /3oaV
tr' tre, /xoXere Trpos ^eojv.
KXvet Tt5, 17 ovSets dpK(TL ; rt /AeXXcrc ;
c, IO 95
Setva 8etva
oj/xot
EKABH. 41
ovpavLOv Iioo
es fieXaOpoVj 'QptW
rj ^ietptos tvOa Trupos c^Xoyeas dc
OTLV ocrcroov avyas, 77 roV es 'AtSa
ra Trop- 1105
raXas ;
XO. uyyvcocr$', orav rts KpetVcrov' ^ ^epetv Kaxd
TroiOrj) TaXatV^s e^aTraXXa^at 0175.
AF. Kpavyrjs a/covcras ^X^ov* ou yap TJ(TV^O<S
Trerpa? op eta? ?rats XeXa/c' aj/a crrparov Tiio
tSoGcra 06pv/3ov. et 8e ^ <l>pvy(ov
Trecrovras ^cr/xci/ 'EXX^vw 8opt,
rap(r^V ov //,ecrcos 6'Se KTVTTO?.
IIOAYM. (3 (^tXrar', ^(rOo/Jirjv yap 9 'Ayct/x,/xvov, (re^cv
<<ov>7S a/<ovcra9, ctcropas a
Ar. la-
TloXvfjL'YJo-Top (S Svcmyve, rts cr*
rts o/>t/x,' e^/< rv^)Xoi/, at/xa^as /copas,
TratSas re TOGO'S' eKretvev ; ^ /x,eyav ^oXov
crot /cat TCAcvotcrtv eT^ev, 6Vrt9 ^v apa.
IIOAYM. 'EKa^ /^e crvv ywat^tv at^/xaXwrto-tv II2O
aTTcoXecr , OVK aTTcoXecr', a'XXa /xet^oi/a)?.
AF. rt ^175 ; crv rovpyoi/ ctpyao-at roS', wg Xeyet ;
(TV roX/xai/, e Ei<d/3r), r^vS' IrX^s dpj-^avov ;
IIOAYM. co/AOt, rt Xe^ets ; - yap eyyvs ecm TTOV ;
o-TJpyvov, et?re TTOV V^', tv' apTrcxcras xepow 1125
SiacTTracreojuat /cat /ca^at^a^a) p(poa.
Ar. OVTOS, rt Tracr^ets ;
42
42 EYPIHIAOY
IIOAYM. 7rpo9 0e(oV ere XtWo/xcu,
/A0e9 //,' ecjSewu TjjSe juapycocrav X^P 01 *
Ar. to^x'* K/3aXcov 8e KapStct9 TO /3ap/3apov,
Xey', 009 a/covcra? croD re r^crSe T' ei> //.epei 1130
K/DtWo St/catco?, av^' OTOV
IIOAYM. XeyotjU,' ar. ^v rts
?, 'E/ca/3>ys Trats, 6V CK Tpot'as e//,ot
rjp SiScocrt Ilpta/xos ev 8ojuots rpec^etv,
V7T07TTOS WV 8?} TpCOtK^9 CtXcO(T0)5.
TOVTOV KaTKTtv'* ttV^' OTOV S* KTWO, VIV,
OLKOVCTOV, CDS U Kttt CTO^ TTpOfJirjOia.
e'Seicra /x>} crot TroXe/xtos Xct^^etg o Trats
Tpotav dOpOLcrr) KOL fwoiKtcny TraXii/,
8' 'Axaiot o3i/ra Ilpta/xtScov rtva 1140
c3v es atav au^ts apetav crroXov,
pj]Kr]<s TrcSta rpt^otcv raSe
s, yetrocrtv 8' 177 KOLKQV
TpaW, cv opTrep vvv, aVa^, e/ca/xvo/Acv.
EKCI/??/ Se ?rat8os yvovtra OavdcrijJiov //,opov, 1145
Xoya) yu,e rotwS' ^'yay', <os KC/cpv/x/xei/as
<t>pdo-ovcra IIpta/AtSwv ev 'IXtw
Se CTIJV T/cvort //,' etcraya
8o/xov9, tv' aXXos /x*7 TIS etSct?;
t^a> 8e /cXtV>75 ei/ jw-ecrco
TroXXat 8e x et po? a ^ /w e^ cxptcrrepas,
at 8' evOev, cos 817 ?rapa ^t'Xw, Tpwcov /copat
OOLKOVS exovcrat /cepKt8* 'H 8(01/77 9
aXXat 8c Ka/Aa/ca piyKtav ^(o/>tvai JI 55
EKABH. 43
ocrat Se TO/caSes ^crav, e/c
TC/CV* ev ^poiv 7raXXov, tos 7rpoo~a> Trarpos
KCIT* e/c yaA?7V(ov Troas So/cets Trpocr^^eyjLtarcov Il6o
t ^>a(ryav' e/c
TratSa?, at Se TroAe/ucov
ras eynas et^ov
Kal /c<3Xa' Tratcrl 8' apKccrat ^prj^cov e/xot?,
ct /xcv TrpoVcoTTOv e^avtcrrat^v e/xov, 1165
Ko/x/rys /caret^ov, t 8e Ktvofyv p^epa?,
TrX^et yvvat/ccov ovSej/ -^vvov raAas.
TO \oicrOiov 8e, 7rfjp.a Tny
SetV* /xc5v yap oju
XajSovcrat, ras TaXatTrcopovs /cdpa9 1170
atjitotcrcrovcrtV ctr' ava crrcyas
efiycrav' IK Se 7rr]$TJo'a.s eyw
^p (Ss StWKO) ras fttat</>oi/ovs fcwa9,
arravr* cpcwcov rot^ov, cos
TT7TOvOa TTjV arjv, TToXe/XtOF T CTOV
'Aya/xe/xvov. cos Se //,?} jita/cpors TetVw Xoyovs,
et rts yv^at/cas TWI/ Trptv eiprjKev /ca/cco?,
^ vi5v Xcycov rt's eortv, ^ jiteXXet Xeyetv,
aTravTa. TavTa CTWTC/XCOV eyto ^>pa<ja>* Il8o
yevos yap OUTC TTOVTOS ovre y^ rpe<jf>t
rotovS'* d 8* aet fvi/ru^ojv cTrtcrraTat.
XO. fjLyftev Opacrvvov, /X7y8e rots cravroi) /caKots
TO ^7;Xv O"vi/^ets coSc TTOLV fJLfj.\l/y yei/os*
44 EYPIlIIAOY
[?roXXai yap ^'/xcov at /xev ctcr* 7rt'<0ovot, 1185
at 8* cts aptfyxov TO>V KaK(3v 7re<vKa^tv.]
BK. 'Aya/xe/xvov, dvOpuiroLcrw OVK e^p-^i/ TTOTC
T(3v Trpay/xaTwv rrjv yXaJo'crav to"xvtv TrXeov.
aXX* etre W^v? eSpacre, XP 7 ?^ 7 "' ^ t Xeyeiy,
tT* av Trovrjpd, rovs Xoyors etvat craOpov?, 1190
xat /XT) Swa<j0at raStK* cu Xeyetv TTOTC.
ao<^ot /xcv ovv tcr' ot ra'S' ^Kpt^wKOTcs,
aXX* ov 8vvatvr' av Sta reXovs eTvat croc^ot,
KaKCOS 8' aTTCoXoVT** OVTtS cflfA-V^C 7TO).
Kat /xot TO /xcv aov <SSe <^pot/xtots ^1' I]C 95
TTpos rovSe 8' et/xt, Kat Xoyots a/xet^o/xat,
os <^T)S 'Axatwv TTOVOV a7raXXa<rcro)i/ 8t7rXovv
'Aya/xe/xvovos $' CKart -TratS* e/xov Kravetv.
aXX', w KaKtcrrc, Trpajrov OVTTOT' av ^>tXov
TO /3dp/3apov yivoir av "EXXTyo^tv yevos, 1200
ov8* av SwatTO. Ttva 8e Kat crTrcvSwv X^P tv
Trpo^v/xos ^or^a ; irorepa K^Sevcrcov Ttvcx,
^ ^vyyevijs GJV, ^ TtV atrtav e^wv ;
^ 0-^79 e/xcXXov y^s T/xetv /3Xao"n7/xaTa
TrXcvcravTes av^ts ; Ttva SoKet? Trcto'etv TCtSc ; 1205
o* XP VO "O?? ^ /3ov\oio Ta\rj6vj Xeyetv,
eKTCtve TOV e/xov TratSa Kat Kep8>7 Ta o-a.
CTTCt StSa^OV TOVTO* TTWS, OT*
Tpota, 7repi 8e Trvpyos et^' ert
^77 T Ilpta/xos, ^E/cTOpo's T' ^'v^et Sopv, 1 210
Tt 8* ov TOT', etTrep T(3S* eftovXyOrjs X^P LV
Ola-Oat, Tpe</xov ToV TratSa Kav 8o'/xots ex
KTtva9, r) tfivr r)\0ts 'Apyetots aycov ;
EKABH. 45
aXX* ^v*X yp^s oviccf eo"jitV eV <at,
/caTTVcS 8' Icr^jJirjv acTTV TroXe/xt'cov VTTO, I2I 5
evov /care/eras cr??]/ /xoXovr' ec/> s eartav.
TTpOS TOtCrSe VVV aKOVCTOl/ (OS <>avfj<$ Ka/COS.
p^o^t/ cr', C67rep y&Oa rots 'A^atoto"tv <A.os,
TOV ^pv(rov 6V <^>>)s ov crpv, aXXa rovS*
Sovvcu <^>epovra Trevojite^ots re /cat yjpovov
8' ovSe vvi/ TTCO o-^s a
8e Kaprepeis cr' ev So'^ois.
/xev cos <
o-axras re TOV e/>tov et^es ai> KaXoV KXeos* 1225
ev rots KaKots ya/o dyaOol cra<jf)ecrTaTot
<tXoi* ra ^p7](TTa 8' av^'
ct 8' e(T7ravies XP 7 7/ jt( * Ta)V J o
Oycravpos dv crot Trats virfjpx ou/xos /x-eyas*
n5v S'-ovr* Ktvov 'av8p' 9(is cravro) ^x'Xov, 1230
Xpvcrov r ov^crts ol^crac 7rat8es re trot,
avros TC Trpaorcrets coSc. (rot 8* eyto Xeyco,
'Aya//,c/xvov, ct T(38* apKecrets, /caKOs ^avet'
OVT' .v<r/3rj yap ovre TTICTTOV ots e^p^v,
ov^ ocrtpv, ov SLKOLIOV zv 8pacrcts fei/oi/' I2 35
Se x at/ P etv TO *' 5 ^a/cots ere ^cro/xev
oVra' SecrTroras 8' ov Xot8opto.
XO. <^>T5 <^)V* /3pOTOl(TW COS Ttt \p7JCTTa Trpay/XttTtt
XP^CTTCOV ac^op/xds evStScoa 1 ' act Xoycoi/.
AF. cx^^ctva /xe^ /xot raXXorpta /cptVetv KaKcx* 1240
o/xcos 8* aVayK77 /cat yap atcr^w^v c/>pt
TTpay//,' es X*P a<s haflovT aTrcocracr^at roSc.
46 EYPIHIAOY
e/x,ot 8', lv 18779, ovr
ovr ovv 'A^atoJj/ aV8p* aVoKTeivat ei/ov,
aXX' (09 ^779 roV xpvcrov lv 8o/*,oto~i 0-019. 1245
Xeyei9 8e crauT(3 Trpocr<op' , lv
rap(' ovi/ Trap v/ui/ paStoi/
Ty/xtv Se y' alcr^pov TOI<JLV "EAA.7ycrtv roSe.
TTUJS ovv ore KptVas /xa&Ketv <f>vyw {j/oyov ;
oiJ/c $i/ ^vvoLL/Jirjv. aXX' CTTCI ra />t?J /caXct 1250
Trpdarareiv IroX.p.a'S, T\.rjOi /cat ra /x,^ (pcX.a.
IIOAYM. oifjioi, yuvat/cos, cos eot^', Tjcro-co/xevos
SovXiy?, v^)e^o> rots KOLKLOCTW 81/07 v.
EK. OVKOVV St/cata>5, etVep tpyao~a> KaKa ; I2 54
IIOAYM. ot/xot re/cvwv TwvS' d/x/xarcDv T' /x<3v, raAas.
EK. aXyeis' T6 8' tffJias; TratSos OUK aXyetv So/cct? ;
IIOAYM. xatpas vftplfaow? ets l/x', w Travovpye OT;.
EK. ov yap fte \cnipLV xprf " riftwpov/^eviyv ;
nOAYM. aXX' ov ra^', ^VtV aV o- TTOVTLOL vorls
EK. ju,(3v voLvo-roXifjcrrj yfjs opovs 'EXXTyvtSos ; 1260
IIOAYM. Kpvij/r) p,V ovv Trea-ovcrav IK
EK. Trpos rov yStatwv Tvy
IIOAYM. avr^ Trpos to"TOV vaos a/x/2^o~i TroSt'.
EK. V7r07TTpOl<S VWTOKTIV, ^ TTOt'o) TpOTTto) ;
IIOAYM. Kvo)i/ yevijcrei Trvpcr 9 e^ovcra 8epy/x,aTa. 1265
EK. TTCOS 8' oto-^a jJLop<f>rj<s T^S e/x^s
IIOAYM. o e p?7^t ftavrts etTre Atoruo-os
EK. o-ol 8' OVK e^p^crev ovSev (Sv e^ets Ka/cwv ;
IIOAYM. ou yap TTOT' oV o-v />t 9 etXes wSe aw 8oXa>.
EK. ^avovaa 8' rj tficr Iv6d& iKTrXtjcr^ ficov ; 1270
IIOAYM. ^avovaa* rvfji/3<*) 8' oVo/jia aa)
EKABH. 47
EK. /Aop(j!>77S eVwSoi/, 77 rt, TT^S epjs epets ;
IIOAYM. KVI/OS raXat 1/775 cn^/xa, vavTt'Xots re'/cjuap.
EK. ou8ev ju.eA.et /xot, croO ye /xot SOVTOS St/cTjv.
IIOAYM. Kat (TT^v 8' dvdyKrj TratSa KacrcxvSpav ^avetv.
EK. aTreTTTVcr' * avra> ravra crot Si'ScDjU,' e^etv. 1276
IIOAYM. Krevet i/tv T; TOW 8' aXo^o?, ot/covpos 7ru<pd.
EK. /ATyTraj fJiaveirj TvvSapts rocrovSe Trai?.
QOAYM. KO.VTOV ere rovrov, TreXe/cvv efapacr' ava>.
Ar. OUTOS av, ftatvet, Kat /caKoov epas rv^eiv ; 1280
IIOAYM. KTetv', cJs ei/ v Apyet ^>oVta cr' a/
AF. ov^ eXf er' aurov, S/xaSes, e/<7ro8(ov ^ta ;
IIOAYM. aXyets OLKOVCDI/ ; AF. ov/c e^e'^ere
IIOAYM. lyK\TJT ' etp-^rat yap.
AP. ov^ ocrov
v^orcov epT^/xcov avrov eK/^aXetre TTOV, 1285
eTretVep ovrco Kat Xtav ^pao-vorro/xet ;
r}) crv 8', a> rcxXatva, StTrrv^ovs ve/cpovs
OO.TTTC 8eo"7roTO)v 8' v/xas ^pewv
TreXa^etv, TpwaSes* fcai yap Trvoas
Trpos O!KOV 77877 racrSe Tro/XTrt/xovs opco. 1290
ev 8* Is Trarpav TrXeucrat/xei/, eu 8e TCXV Sd/xots
e^ovr* t'Sot/xei/, T(J3v8' a(jf>et//,evot TTOVCDV.
XO. tre ?rpos Xi/xeVas crKyvds re, <^tXat,
T(3v SecrTrocrwcal/ Tretpacrd/xevat
oreppa yap dvdyKrj. I2 95
NOTES.
[158. Prologue, contains an outline of the plot. The
ghost of Polydorus appears, explains his own miserable murder
by his host Polymestor, prince of Thracian Chersonese, the
demand of the shade of Achilles for the sacrifice of his sister
Polyxena and his own appearance in a dream to his unhappy
mother, Hecuba.]
'EKdpr] appears in Lat. as Hecuba: so /cwds corresponds
to cams, /ctf\t to calix, ,ui;5dw to madeo.
1. .fJKco prob. a dialectical variety of if/cw, in most of its
tenses means 'I am here', equiv. to \tj\v6a.
OTKOTOV The masc. form is now always read in Trag. and
Comedy ; occasionally however a form rb cr/c6ros is found even
in Attic, e.g. in Xen. and Demosth.
2. "AiS-qs (d priv. and \/i.d see), the god of the unseen
world, called by euphemism, Ploutdn.
wKurrai 'has his home', lit. 'was and is established'.
\ci>pls Oewv cf. II. 20. 65 olKta <r/j.epda,\' , ei5pwej>ra, ra re ffrvyt-
owi Qeol irep.
3. irats -yey- TTJS K. (sc. Ovyarpbs) 'by birth a son of H.
daughter of Kisseus'. H. was according to Horn. (II. 16. 718)
daughter of Dymas, a Phrygian, the only daughter of Kisseus
known to him being Theano, wife of Antenor (II. 6. 299).
Kicro-i'as, a local name, was therefore suggested by some ancient
critics to reconcile the two accounts. Vergil follows Eur. and
Lat. poets generally, except Ovid who calls her Dymantis.
Polydorus himself is in Horn, son of Priam and Laothoe and
is slain by Achilles.
yeycus formed from obsolete poetical yau collat. form of
ylyvojj,a.i '. so (3f3aa..
50 HECUBA.
4. <pvy<ov iroXiv The Phrygians were a branch of the
great Thracian family, which may account for the familiarity
of Priam and Polymestor. In e&rly times they occupied the
N.W. coast of Asia and were not, as we see them now in maps,
localised inland.
5. Trea-eiv not fut. which would be ireo-eurflcu, but aor.,
the peculiar force of which is to regard the fall as momentary
not protracted. Perhaps we may consider the phrase as sub-
stantival = rov Trecreo', 214 n. 8opl dopei. would here be inad-
missible, which does away with the theory that it is the only
allowable form in iambics. 'EXX-qviKoi strictly an anachron-
ism, for Horn, never calls the united Greeks- by the name "EX-
X-^e?, nor indeed any of them except Achilles' followers from
Phthiotis, who were the original Hellenes.
6. u < ir6|'irjJL\|/ 'sent me secretly (v7r&=sub=furtim of
Verg. Aen. 3. 50) away from'. In Androm. 47 a stronger
phrase, uTre/cTr^uTrw \a0pa, is used. Tpco. x^ovos is governed by
K in the verb.
7. Je'vov * a guest-friend '.
8. riJvSe Xcpo-. irXaKa 'This steppe of Chersonese*. The
Thracian Chers. is a narrow strip of land running along the
N. of the Hellespont, ryvde of Hermann is more graphic than
the usual rrjv. Xe/xr. is the form introduced by Brunck and
subsequent editors because the old form x PP- is nowhere found
in tragedy. irXaKO, conn, with lanx. Cf. TrXiW, lavo. The
general idea is that of breadth and flatness, akin to TrXartfs,
planus, flat, TrXct/coOs, placenta.
9. (juXi-mrov Xaov 'a warrior people'. II. 13. 4, v6<r<f>iv
tfi i7T7ro7r6Xo;j> Gpfl/cwz/ KaBopco/jievos cdav where the schol. ex-
plains it as equal to 'warrior'. Thrace was celebrated for
horses and cavalry in days of Eur. See Thuc. 2. 98. 8opl
not ' sceptre ', though that was the heroic badge of royalty, but
spear ', to indicate the warlike character of the Thracians.
10. iK-rre'pim hist, present, i.e. stands for aorist: hence
cV-rj in 12, contrary to the strictly grammatical sequence of
tenses.
11. 'IXCov so called from its founder Ilus; Troy after his
father Tros.
12. p/ii} is better taken with ci't] than with cnrdvis ( = ' suf-
ficiency'), though the neg. after the verb is awkward. The
NOTES. 51
same question occurs Or. 942, cos TT?S 76 rdX^s 01) <nrdVis 7ei>^-
crercu.
13. We find in II. 20. 408 that Polydorus is youngest son
and forbidden to fight ; but contrary to orders he joined in the
battle and was slain by Achilles. TOV 5' otfrt TTCLTTIP clW/ce
jjiax^ffOat | QvveKO, oi /aero, Tradi vewTaros cr/ce yovoio j /cat oZ 0/X-
raros &re.
6 = 5i' 6' 'wherefore'. Pors. says 'which fact' (r6 etrai
ve&rcLTov), but uir|Trjj,\|x would be almost a ridiculous word
in this connection.
14. oirXa defensive, as 7x0$ is offensive, armour. Cf.
use of anna in Lat.
15. otos T 'able'. The re has no very obvious force; it
may be classed under the head of re epexegetic or explanatory.
16. 6pC<r{xaTa 'the flanking walls', by which the circuit
of a city is defined, as Paley explains. It would naturally
mean the 'boundaries' or 'landmarks', which an enemy would
of course remove : Scaliger suggested pdfffj.a.Ta to which &ceiro
would more naturally apply. The word occurs in Hipp. 1459,
w K\eLv' 'Adyvuv IlaXXdSos 0' o/nV/uara.
!-KiTo little more than ^v.
18. -qvTiixa form preferred to ei/rrfxei by Person, though
Herodian the grammarian (2nd cent. A.D.) tells us that eu does
not augment, au does to ijv.
20. 'I grew up like some sapling, to my sorrow'. This
recalls II. 18. 56, 6 5' dv^dpajmev ZpveT Zeros. tpfjojxTjv there are
alternative forms atfw and av%di>u, Eur. uses a#w in all but
three places. rciXas \/r\a. Cf. latum, gr\7)i>. Most words
from this root have a twofold signification, as r\iifjt,wv, rX^/io-
c-tfj/77, T\r)(riKdp5ios, rX^ros, viz. (1) enduring, persistent, some-
times in bad sense, (2) wretched.
21, 22. airoX\vTat...KaT(TKd4>T] the change of tense (as
in 266) may sometimes be accounted for by the wish to make
incidents expressed by the present more vivid. But the trage-
dians often varied the tense for variety's sake. Here the pres.
may signify the enduring character of the result.
23. CIVTOS sc. trar-fip (Priam) implied in Trarpwa : so Soph.
Trach. 259, />x rat irfaw | T^V Eu'/ovrda*', rovSc yap /c.r.X. Cic.
52 HECUBA.
(quoting Pacuvius) de Or. 2. 46, neque paternum adspectum es
veritus, QUEM &c. GeoSji^Tw, ' consecrated', built for the gods,
not by them. One of the scholia Betas Kal Bav^aarCx KTKT(}^VTL
is tame. The altar referred to in PCOJJLW is that of Zei)s 'E^/ceios,
as we see from Tro. 483, Karao-^dyevT^ e0' tpKeiy trvpq. and
Vergil Aen. 2. 550 speaks of Priam, altaria ad ipsa trementem.
24. ircuSos Neoptolemus or Pyrrhus.
25. KTCvi...KT<xvcuv such repetition is frequent, especi-
ally in Eur. Of. H. Fur. 33, KTdvei Kptovra Kal KTCLVW a/o% 6t
27. |w0TJx' fr'-%Cn *fl un g me into the billowy sea in
order himself to have the gold in his house'. The subj. ano-
malously follows an hist, tense to shew that the result still
abides. [^x!7, however, may fairly depend on KTelvei. in 25.]
According to Verg., Polymestor buried the corpse, but Ov.
Met. 13. 438 follows Eur. exanimum e scopulo subiectas misit in
undas.
28. eir' dKTTJs. So the best MS. There is a variant
d/crcus, perhaps from 36. \/AG break, like pyyiJilv from *yPAr,
* place where waves break'. dXXor' it is usual though not
necessary to understand another dAAore in preceding clause, as
in Soph. El. 752, (popotipevos Trpbs ouSos, dXXor' ovpavtp \ crK^Xij
irpofaLvuv, and Verg. Aen. 5. 830, sinistros \ nunc dextros
solvere sinus.
29. * Carried about by many revolutions in the waves, (now
up now down)'. Not ' ebb and flow of tide ', for there was no
tide properly speaking in Hellespont, which in view of the
ancients was a river, [hence its epithet TrXan's]. StavXoi
strictly the limbs of a race-course; the chariots raced up one,
turned at the post, KafM-rrr^p, and then passed down the other
limb to the finish. Aesch. Agam. 344 uses the same figure
/cd/xi/'cu diav\ov darepov KCO\OV TraXw, i.e. the Greeks have done
only half their journey; the other half, the return, remains to
be done. <J>opov[Xvos frequentative form, hue illuc iactatus.
30. aicXavo-Tos, a'Tcuj>os an echo of II. 22. 386, d/cAauaros
dBawTos, the words occur Soph. Antig. 29, where, as here, their
order is disputed. Cf. Aen. 11. 372, inhumata infletaque turba.
virlp * because of, * for the sake of ', not = vrrepdvw, 'above',
for if, as is the case, the ghost is visible (see 52), this interpre-
tation would involve his being in two places at once, unless
indeed we consider his statement in 31 sqq. a merely general
NOTES. / 53
one. There is throughout some contusion between P.'s spirit
and his corpse.
31. dCcro-co like ruo, is used of any active movement up
or down and is both trans, and intrans. In Odys. 10. 495, rol
dt o-Kial aio-o-ovffiv, it is appropriately used of the flitting of
ghosts. The form in Attic poets is usually a dissyllable which
gave rise to the variant ct^cr<rw in this place. ^*^J? * ^1.
32. * Now for three days' space have I hovered aloft, all
such time as my illstarred mother', &c. Tpircuov the term
-01105 = * of so many days' standing', e.g. rerapra?os, S. John
xi. 39, 'a corpse of four days'. But cf. Hdt. 4. 113, r-fj Seurepa^,
'on the 2nd day', and in this passage rpi.To.lov is equivalent to
rpLrov, as in Hipp. 277, TTUJS 5' ou, rpiraLav 7' over' dffiros rj^pav.
34. Tra.pa,=7rape(TTivi.e. the prep, is intensified in mean-
ing and then suffers anastrophe.
35. vttvs <i\ovT&=Ka,TxovTe$ 'with their ships brought
to, sit idle'. irdyrcs 'Ax- = Horn, ircu'axcuoi 'A%. strictly
applies to the main tribe of Greeks at Troy whose head-quar-
ters were in Thessaly, but whose offshoots had spread to Pelo-
ponnese, Ithaca and Crete.
39. 'Homeward guiding their sea-dipt oars'. v0vvovras,
plural words agree with a sing, collective, especially when used
of living beings, and then take their right gender. Cf. Aesch.
Agam. 575, Tpolav eAoVre$...0To'Xos. Eur. Ehes. 46, arparbs...
irXdrtiv the 'blade', then the whole oar. Grimm's law
tells us that TrXa-nj is connected with Engl. flat: while blade
is etym. connected with 0uXXo^, folium.
41. Tvjxpw a locative, like ol'/coi, /ctf/cXy, &c. [Or, a dat.
commodi, 'an acceptable sacrifice and special honour for his
tomb'.]
43. ij 7rirpa>|j^vT] sc.
45. 8votv...8vo these juxtapositions, which are notable
in tragedians in the case of numbers (see 896), are due partly
to the love of distinctness and clearness, but still more to rhe-
torical effect. Such are /j,6vos ]j,6j>ois t mortali immortalitatem non
arbitror contemnendam, 'faith unfaithful kept him falsely true*
(Tennyson).
54 HECUBA.
49. Ifrrrqo-diJ/iiv 'I asked for myself and won'. Of. Lat.
exoro. A double accus. (for 7-174/3. KvpTJo-ai is virtually a sub-
stantive) as in Lat. is used with verbs of asking.
51. rovjJidv jxev o5v, K.r.X. 'For my part, then, all that I
wished to get will result'. T^XCIV here has an accus.; so \ay-
"X&vu usually and Kvpu in 697 [or rovjj,bv is subject of &TTCU].
53. irp<J... < ir68a cf. Alk. 1153, V{HTTI/J,OV 5' Z\6ois ir6da.
Verbs denoting motion of the body may be followed by a dat.
or ace. of the part of the body in motion, e.g. (3aiveii> 7r65a,
"X^alveLv crrbfjici. In 7r65a tirqafftiv, 1070, the prep, accounts
for the transitive force. vir6 O-KT]VTJS -' from under the tsnt' =
UTTCAC. There is no occasion to alter this reading : yet 7r/>6, a,irb
have been suggested, and Porson adopts Musgrave's virtp (TACT?-
vyv, 'past or beyond the tent'. The constr. with gen. is
justified by Horn. VTTO vyov, Hes. viro x^o^6s, &c.
54. 'A-yajj,. H. in 'Troades' falls to lot of Odysseus:
here of Agam.
55. i\ri3 quippe quae. 'Since in exchange for a royal
home, thou hast seen a day of slavery'. IK. So in Tro. 494,
K&v Trtdy Kotras x&- v | pv<roi<ri
56. irpd(r<ris KCIKWS 'farest ill' must be carefully distin-
guished from Troieis /ca/cws, ' behavest ill '.
57. avTicri]Kco<ras 'some god is ruining thee, and has
given thee compensation for thy former blessedness'. <ib/rt-
im plies counter balancing, and governs the gen. which follows.
The word CLVTIO-TJK. is intrans. in Aesch. Pers. 437, ws Tor5e Kal
dls avTKTTjKwcrai POTT??, but if a trans, signf. seems necessary,
(f>6opav may be supplied from <j>6etpi. [The idea of compensa-
tion is thoroughly Greek, and in its theological aspect is known
as the doctrine of Nemesis.]
[5999. An interlude. Enter Hecuba, supported by Trojan
ladies ; she describes herself as troubled with presentiment of
disaster, with nightly visions of a fawn torn by a wolf and
dragged from her knees. She longs for Helenus or Kasandra
to interpret the dream. Achilles too has appeared above his
tomb and demanded the gift of a Trojan maid; may the gods
avert the omen from her daughter !]
[A.s to metre, see appendix. The dialect of lyric passages
is Doric, but the Doric forms are not very consistently used
NOTES. 55
by the different tragic writers. Its chief characteristics are
the frequent use of a broad and rough a for 77 and w, and for
-ov the gen. of 1st declension. Two letters are used where
other Greeks employed a double consonant as ad for , e.g.
/-teXiVScrcu. The most eminent writers in old Doric were
Tyrtaeus (the lame schoolmaster who encouraged the Spartans
during the Messenian war), Alkman (about 630 B.C. chief Spartan
lyric poet), Theognis (elegiac and gnomic poet born about 570),
Epicharmus (comic poet of Kos and Sicily b. 540)].
59. Sojxwv tents of Achaean camp.
60. 6p0o v arai ' supporting ' .
r ty the reading of all MSS., more vigorous, lifelike, and
better Gk. than vvv which Pors. reads, and which perhaps
crept in as an amplification.
64. fxov Ypaias, /c.r.X. 'taking me by my aged arm'.
This gen. comes under class partitive, and its use is analogous
to that with ^xo^cu (398) and other verbs of seizing, grasping,
holding, which have a gen. of the object. We say ' by ' or
'on'; so Theocr. 4. 35, TOV raup^...aye 7rtctas | rds oTrXas,
' seized it by the hoof.
yspeuas obs. quantity of -cu. Cf. EL 497, TraXaiov re dr)<Tati-
piautt, see 82, n. Pors. suggests without reading ypcuas. irpo<r-
Xa. if any force i$ to be assigned to -irpds it must be that of
taking to oneself. Xa^vjiat is the form preferred by Attic poets
especially Eur. to Xd^o/^at, Ep. and Ion. collateral form of
65 sqq. ' And I propping myself on a bent arm as on a
staff will hasten the crawling motion of my limbs setting one
foot before the other'. H.'s own arm, linked (8id) with that
of her ladies, forms her stick : the epithet ' bent ' is transferred
from the stick to the arm; observe that Greek usage limits by
an adj. a metaphor which seems too strong: e.g. Aesch. calls
vultures ZTJVOS Kvves, but corrects the metaphor at once by add-
ing aKpayets, ' dogs, but not barking dogs'. So here Eur. calls
an arm (r/aTrwya, but adds (TKo\i6i>, because real sticks are
'straight, not crooked. The gen. thus used is called a definitive
'gen. [Two other interpretations are given, (1) a real stick. Cf.
Cic. de div. 1. 30, incurvum et leviter a summo INFLEXUM BA-
CILLUM: then x e pos means 'by my hand' and TrpoTiBetcra may
.govern cr/ctTrw^a supplied from <r/a7rwz/t, (2) ' supporting myself by
E. H. 5
56 HECUBA.
my hand on a bent stick ', i.e. on shoulders of her attendants :
but this is scarcely consistent with Trpoo-Aaf. %epos above.]
O-KLITWV same root as aKTJTrrpov, Lat. scipio : for interchange of
e and i, cf. %0^s, X^ l ^ s ) irevre, quinque: ITTTTOS, equus.
67. ap9pwv strictly the socket of a joint (V AR > cf. artus,
arms), and is generally joined with other more specific words,
as dpOpa. TroSoiV, apOpa rutv KVK\WI>, 'the eyes', apOpa (rr6/taros,
'mouth', &c.
68. w o-Tcp. Ai6s '0 flashing light of day'. A similarly
strong phrase is used by Soph., Track. 99, Xa/Air/> crre/>o7r
<f)\eyt6uj>, of the sun. So 709, Atos </>dos.
69. * Why, why am I excited thus?' irore as tandem in
Lat., of strong appeals. This is a rather unusual sense of
aipop.cu equivalent to juereo^faucu. ^vw^os the Greeks prefer
the adjectival form to rrj VVKT'L : it is a poetic form, more usually
evvvxios which is of three terminations, Zwvxos of only two.
70. ' sovereign earth, mother of darkwinged dreams' (i.e.
illomened, 705). Pors. wished to transpose this with w <TKOT.
PI>, 68, but %6uv includes the nether world whence dreams
come. TTorvia one of the very few fern, trisyllables in -ta [cf.
SfMrvia], a poetical title of honour used in Horn, of persons
only, but in tragic poets often used as an epithet of earth.
72. airoTreixiroiJ.ai ' I deprecate '. Lat. dbominor.
73. < v r&v is suggested metri gratia to make final syllable
of 6\|/iv long. <ra>ojj.<fvov an instance of tragic irony ; for the
audience knew that her son was dead.
76. cScx-qv * I noticed and understood ' if we retain 6\|/iv
jfpaOov. This means she took particular heed to the dream : its
interpretation she knew not, for she wishes to consult Helenus
or Kasandra. eddyv is aor. pass, from \/5a, oaw not being
found : it is only used in the Chorus of Attic poetry.
79. <5 xv. 0ol 'ye nether gods', see 70; better than
*gods of the country', with which cf. Lat. dii indigetes, more
appropriate but with less authority. <r<6<raT notice the dis-
tinction between the momentary aorist and the continuous
present TOV crw|oji^vov.
80. d'-yKvp' aV fjuov this is the excellent emendation of
J?ors. after Beiske, are being a particle of comparison. Other
NOTES. 57
readings are eV ayx. d/Ac3i>, TT' ^uco;>, for the original dyKvpd
r' ILUV which is objectionable from the position of re, yet we
have a parallel in 426, and in the position of que in elegiac
verse, e.g. Tib. 1. 3. 56, Messallam terra dum sequiturque mari,
and even in prose as Cic. inter nosque. [The metaphor in
ciyKvpa is common in all languages; perhaps H. refers to
Polyd. in these strong and at first sight exaggerated terms (for
Helenas and Kas. were still alive) because he was the only
child still at Liberty].
81. x iova >8T] most words in -oetS^s remain uncontracted,
as /ceparoeid^r, /^ofoetS^s, -oet should strictly be contracted into
ot as 5Tj\ois for dt)\6ecs, but deoetd^s contracts into Qeovdrjs.
PTJK-IIV, Ep. and Ion. form of Bpaiojv preferred by tragedians,
though in other cases they choose the Doric as 'A6dva. Karc'xei,
* dwells in '.
82. TrarpCov so the best MS. Old reading was Trarpyov
which involved a difficulty in quantity. <}>vAaKcucriv Greek
idiom uses the plural in many words where we use the sing,
e.g. TrAouroi, 7^\wres, frdeicu, Kpta, TTU/XH, Kpt.6al, a\es, 265, n.
83. TI viov 'Some new sorrow will hap', vtov, like
novae res, usually implies something untoward. The Greeks made
great use of their neuts. sing, and plur. as in such phrases as
/uwpct (fipoveiv, KaAoV deidcLVj fjiaxyTtov (-rea) evrlv.
85. dXCcuTTos * at no other time does my soul thus un-
ceasingly shudder and quail'. The der. is v/AcAw, cf. vtyos and
Ki><j)as, xAawi and lana, and its general sense is 'unbending'
as we see in Horn, who uses it of war, battle, lamentation. II.
24. 549, /x.775' oXiatjrov ddvpeo, ' mourn not incessantly'.
86. 4 > P^ (ro " t > Tappet asyndeton, usual in agitation.
87. irov iroT 'where ever'. So ri irore, 69. Oeiav
'inspired', hence ' divining '-^vriK^v. Cf. Aen. 3. 373 (of
Helenus) canit divino ex ore sacerdos. Helenus, son of Priam
and Hec. ; later traditions say that he was the only grown son
of Priam who survived the Trojan war, and that he deserted the
Trojans and married Andromache after Neoptolemus' death.
Kasandra was endowed with prophetic powers by Apollo, but
no one would believe her. On the taking of Troy, Agam. won
her and took her home to Mykenae, when his wife Klytemnestra
murdered her from jealousy; see 1275.
52
58 HECUBA.
88. etriSco conj. deliberativus [unless we call it like i'ow/icu
a Homeric fut.]. Goodwin, 213. 2. KaouvSpas this read-
ing instead of Kacravdpav removes the difficulty which was felt
about 'EX. \|njxav as though Hel. were already dead and only
his soul could be spoken of; the phrase is equivalent to"EXej>o>
simply.
89. KpCvwcriv if, when two or more substs. are joined by
37=' or', the verb applies indifferently to both, it is put in the
plur. e.g. Alk. 367, KOI ^ o#0' d JlXourwpos KVWV \ o#0' ovirl
KUTrr) \l/vxoTro/jiTros civ Xdpwj/ \ &7xo>. There is therefore no need
to read /ecu for r\ in 88.
90. -ydp the inferential force here is nil, and the particle
merely introduces the dream.
paXidv * dappled' \//3aX- same word as varius. Eur. him-
self explains the word Iph. Aul. 221 (of the horses of Eumelus),
\evKoo"TLKT^} rpixl f3a\tdv.
91. cr<j>a^o}i,vav...o-irao-0. 79, n. dvohcrtts, the excellent
reading of Pors. , see metrical note.
92. ro8 viz. what follows, so in Thuc. , rade \eyov com-
mences, ravra. ZXeyov ends a speech.
96. TJ'TI 'was urgent in asking', notice force of imperf.
yepas, a gift of honour, strictly that called also ^cupe-rop, which
the chiefs received before division of the spoil.
99. a7ro...Tr(J.\|/aT by tmesis for dTroTre^^are, * avert'.
100 154. irdpoSos The chorus of Trojan captive women,
15 in number, enter the orchestra from the side, and marching
either in ranks (/caret fry a) or files (/card aroi'xous), muster
round the #1^X77, the raised altar of Dionysus in the centre of
the orchestra, whence the Kopv^alos would direct its movements.
They say, ' We have left our master's tents not to lighten your
sorrow, but as heralds of woe. Achilles has asked for a victim,
and the Greeks in conclave have resolved to offer your daughter.
In the debate, Again, from regard to Kasandra, advocated your
cause, but the opposition urged that Achilles' spear was worth
more than Kasandra's bed. Odysseus turned the scale, with
the plea that none should stand up among the dead and
reproach Greeks for thanklessness to Greeks. He will be here
anon to seize your daughter supplicate the gods : so you will
save yourself bereavement, or else you must see your daughter
die'.
NOTES. 59
100. crirovSTJ is on the point of being l petrified' into an
adverb. The dat. is one of manner, so /3t'#, ffiyr, />7^, I8i$,
dpo/jia), jcu'/cXo;, opyrj. \ux<r9T]v 'I came away to thee' = Lat.
secessi, 85, n.
101. 8<T7rocruvovs ' of my master '. Attributive adjectives
are used in Gk. and Lat. where we employ a preposition, e.g.
TeXafJLuvie TTCU, son of Telamon, 'A%iAa'a X67%?7, 131,Jilius erilis,
'master's son'. Sullanus exercitus, 'Sulla's army'.
102. tv' K\T]p. * to which I was apportioned by lot', with
this sense of motion implied in IV a, cf. Thuc. 4. 48. 6, & rr]v
2i/ceXtW, tva irep TO irpurov up/urjvTO, aTTOTrXevcravTes. There is a
constant interchange of TTOU and TTOL and such adverbs, just as
we use 'where' and 'whither' rather loosely. [The captives
would stand round : each warrior's /cX^pos, marked, would be
put into a helmet, a maiden would step forward, the helmet be
shaken and the girl assigned to him whose lot leaped out].
104. Xoyx- al\. SopiOijp. 'captured at the spear's point'.
This is a pleonasm, especially dear to tragedians, e.g. 66, Phoen.
328, ctTreTrXos 0d / cecoj', El. 310, dveopros iepwv.
106, 7. ' In no respect lightening thee of thy calamities,
but having taken on myself a heavy weight of tidings'. o-oScv
is an adverb, as appears from the use of a7ro/cou0. in Or. 1341,
<re is easily supplied. The gen. is one of separation, apd^cvr]
the long d is accounted for by the fact that al'pw is con-
tracted from deipw.
109. 'For in full conclave of the Achs. it is said that it
was resolved to make thy daughter a sacrifice to Achilles'.
5o/c<?w, a legal 1. 1. especially of public resolutions, e.g. 28oe ry
(3ov\rj, r< drj/jnj}, so senatui placere in Lat.
111. rvjxp. iirtpds ' mounted the tomb', eirl means 'to-
wards', and denotes the action of alighting upon.
112. oto-6' oTe = meministi quum, see 239 for this sense of
oto-0a, there is a conjecture 6Vt which is decidedly weaker, and
Schaefer observes that the Greeks used a particle of time quite
unnecessarily, e.g. 307, OTCW almost = edv. xp vo " ' ot s 'armour
inlaid with gold', unless this epithet apply to it as made by a
god, after the epic manner. <rvv 6-rrX. is a usual Homeric
mode of expression, 'with his armour on'.
113. ' Stayed the ships from going to sea, though their
sails were braced on the halyards, ' i.e. ready to start. TTOVT.
60 HECUBA.
a usual epithet of ships : here it adds point to &TXC, and
becomes almost proleptic. crxcS. properly rafts for the nonce.
Thuc. 1. 10 conjectures from Homer's statement the size of
the ships which went to Troy, the largest holding 120 men,
the smallest 50.
114. irpor. is more properly the sheet which held the
mast in its place, fastened to the prow. Xauj>T) is ace. of ref.
irpor. dat. of instrument, unless cirepeid. have a transitive sense,
as in L. and S. Cf. Hor. Sat. 1. 6. 74, laevo suspensi loculos
tabulamque lacerto, and 910,
115. OwiGcrcrtov 'by this loud chiding', perhaps strictly of
the cry of an animal, akin to Bus a lynx through \/krug = ' to
cry'. It is used as a hunting term, Kval 0wucu, Hippol. 219, and
when applied to men denotes a loud impulsive shout. Soph,
uses it ot the cry of Ajax (Aj. 308, 335).
116. * Whither then set ye forth ? ' ?} like drjra strongly
emphasizes a question. Aavaol according to Mr Gladstone
is a purely military denomination; historically or politically
the Greeks could not be so called in the heroic age.
118 121. ' Then clashed there waves of frequent strife,
and through the warrior Hellenic host there 'gan to pass two
diverse streams of opinion, some minded to present a sacri-
fice at the tomb, some not '. Jweirawrc, intrans. as in Aesch.
Prom. 885, 6o\epol de \6yoL TTCUOUO-' ei'/c?? | <rrvyv7js irpbs KV/JLCLO-LV
fays. The MS. reading ^vveireo-e is unmetrical. r\>\L$<a lo-
cative. Cf. 31 n. SOKOW ace. absol. see 506. This con-
struction is confined to neut. participles, mostly some simple
word or compound of el/ml, e. g. evov, Trapov, e|oV, 86av, dtoi>.
122. * Eagerly advancing thy interest, constant in honour
to the bed of the inspired prophetess', i.e. Kasandra. dve^wv
SO Soph. Aj. 212, ttrd ere A^XOS dovpidXwrov | <rr{pas dv^x t
Qovpios Afaj.
125. T> 0t]<r. Demophoon and Akamas his sons by
Phaedra. 6'<o ' two scions ' 20 n.
126. 8ur<r<5v * two ', not dissonant, which would be
durXuv. We have in Soph. Aj. 57, 5i(r<roi 'ArpeiScu. The rhe-
torical opposition 5tcr<7c3j>.../u$ is quite Euripidean, 45 n., 896.
128. <TT<|>avoOv double idea of * crowning' and 'ho-
nouring ' as schol. says, comes from crowning victors at games.
Cf. Soph. Ant. 431, x oc " crL TpicnrovdoLffi rbv VKVV ore^ei.
NOTES. 61
129. \Xwpu> (%Xo77, tender grass), 'fresh, young', a-
*Y)cu0j>^, 537, conveys same idea.
130. * They declared they would never set K.'s couch before
A.'s spear ', or rather ' the warrior Achilles '. See 101 n.
132. 'Now well-nigh equal was the zeal for the hotly-
contended arguments, till the wily-minded, bullying, sweet-
tongued people-courtier ', &c. Kararciv. The Kara is intensi-
tive. iroiKiX6<f>p<ov an echo of Homer's epithet iroLKi\ofj.^Tr}s t
which however is an epithet of honour. KOTUS practically
same as Koirts ' an axe or chopper'. The Schol. explains
' orator ' but the idea of KOTTTCJ requires to be brought out.
Possibly * incisive ' as Paley suggests ; but there is a pointed
antithesis : Odys. would be bully or fawner to serve his pur-
pose. Eur. was perhaps thinking of Hyperbolus, or Kleophon
the demagogue, or some contemporary.
135. iri0t ZireLffe would be the true grammatical sequence
after irptv, but that would imply that the effect of the principal
verb had altogether passed : the present tense brings the result
on to the time of the speaker's remark.
137. SovXwv ox^o/yuov =dov\L(*)V. Cf. ffrparbv aixfjLrjTTjv
120, 5ov\Tf]s yvvatKos 1253, servum pecus. Hor.
141. ' Who have died for the sake of.
143. 'Now Odys. will be here almost immediately to drag
away', &c. OCTOVOVK so ortyur}, ovov ou7rw(Thuc.). Lat. tantum
non. cu|)4Xf;a>v corresponds rather to supine in -um than to
fut. participle, to detractum rather than detracturus.
144. irwXov the young of any animal, men included ; so
i f a Youn g girl, 526, TTW\OS, of a youth, Phoen. 954.
146. vao^s supply Trpos from latter part of sentence; so
Jlel. 863, Tpoias 5 crwtfeis KCLTTO (Sappdpov x#oj>6s.
148. Kifcvcr<r ' loudly call upon ', 'hail', as we speak of
hailing a ship. The ancients looked with suspicion on silent
prayer.
149. -yatav the reading of MSS., corrected to yalas by
Pors. for sake of metre. But -o.v is lengthened in the pause,
see 83, metrical note.
151. 6p4>av6v in Att. sometimes of two terminations. Cf.
296, 592.
62 HECUBA.
152 sqq. * Or thou must see thy virgin prostrate before
the tomb, incarnadined with blood as it runs in dark-gleaming
flow from her gold-decked throat '. rvjxpov depends on irpo-
in -irpo-ircTTJ. Two MSS. read TVJH^ locative. xP vo " 0< f > ^P ov ~"
refers to usual adornment of maidens. Cf. II, 2. 872 (of a
young warrior) 6s Kal xp vff ov x wv TroX^/xoz'5' fey, rjvre Kovpr),
though by the analogy of Suppl. 1054 the adorning may be
for sacrifice. va<r|A. jxcXav. in apposition with aifxari.
[155 443. First Episode. After Hecuba's monody, a series
of expressions of woe, and the attempts of Polyxena to console
her, which conclude with a lament that she cannot share her
mother's slavery, and a noble expression of disregard for her
own life (155, 215), the action of the play continues. Odys.
enters : Hec. appeals to him for protection on the score of past
favours shown. Odysi urges the extreme necessity of not
neglecting due honours to the brave, and the scene closes with
the removal of Polyx. H. faints.]
156. d.\<a Doric for -qxw.
157. SciXaCa ^pcus ' forlorn because of '. This is analo-
gous to the gen. of exclamation, as TOV xaoyx/^aros, ' what a
swallow !' Goodwin, 173. 3;
159. copras poetical form of (poptjrTJs, i. e. verbal from
^pw, not <popew.
160. ' Who is my helper' ? what child ? what city ? ' irota
differs but little from ris. -yevva [This word can lengthen the
final syllable, as in Iph. Taur. 159, like roX^d in Pindar ; yevea.
is read by Pors. to avoid the difficulty ;] the word may fairly
mean either 'child' or 'people' just as Eur. uses ^irapruv
162. <|>pov8os 'is dead', lit. 'gone'; so
The der. is irpo-dSos, cf. (ppol^iov^ ^povpiov.
164. irot 8* TJO-CO; strictly an ace. is required as with
opfjuiu and verbs of sending; many amendments have been
proposed. Schol. reads ^Vw from trjfjn=eo for which there is
no evidence. Musgrave, iroi 5' ^Vo> 7r65a ; ris.
166. * daughters of Troy that have brought evil tidings'.
s like Troiugenae and Aeneadae, &c. Reference is to
107.
169. ' No more to me is life in this light of day object of
desire '. pCos cv <|>ai little more than p/os. Horn. Odys.
10. 498, (:Tt fadV KCLL OpOLV <j>0,OS rj\LOLO.
NOTES. 63
172. ttvXdv the tent where Polyx. is.
172 sqq. See introd. for bearing of this passage on the
date of play.
176. <J>ajJ.av 'tidings'. \/FA cf. (f>r)/j,l, fama, fari.
179. Kapvao-' We should rather have expected the fut.
for H. as yet had announced little or nothing, <rr' Ep.
particle of comparison, but found in 204 of this play.
180. ^irTa|as Dor. = e^Trr^as, ' startled me from the
tents '. TTT-fja-ffii) is usually intrans. * crouch ', except perhaps
in II. 14. 40, TTTTJ^e S dvfjuov vl (rTTJdeffcriv 'A%cuoM'.
182. <|>p. jjiot KaKcL ' a sad prelude methinks'. pot, ethical
dat.
184. 4av8a Kpv'x|/T)s Notice change in tense : latter makes
a more definite request: the line is copied from II. 1. 363,
/ceutfe votf, 'iva eidopev
185. 8t[i.....dvacrTVis an elliptical mode of speech. *I
fear (and fearing doubt) why thou liftest up (d^a) thy voice in
lament '.
189 sqq. *A public decree of the Argives unanimously
aims at thy slaughter at the tomb in honour of Peleus' son '.
irpos TujApov ace. implies the process of dragging her to the
tomb. IiT]XCa -yevvq, this reading avoids the difficulty which
is found in the common reading Il^XetSa yewg,, for that would
be Neoptolemus, not Achilles. [The variants are (1) HyXetda
ytwa, and dat. KOLV$ yvufjig., ' the child of P. intends by
common decree;' (2) 'A/ry. yewa. might ='A/xye tot, like more
common 7^0? ; (3) ywa may be voc. '0 my child'].
193. d^e'-yapTa KaKaiv ' how utterest thou most unenvi-
able woes ' = d<j>!)6vr)Ta, some have preferred the idea of a,(f>dovos,
'unstinted', 'numerous'. The neut. plur. thus joined with a
gen. is very common; and is imitated by Hor. amara curamm,
dura navis (gen.).
197. p-ol dat. eth. ; notice the elegance of its position.
These lines are at first sight weak after 189191, but the
repetition is full of pathos.
199. 8v<rr. fxarep PIOTCIS Take these words together and
make 5. /3. gen. of quality, so 211. Observe that Eur. is veiy
fond of repeating a word or phrase in choral parts.
64 HECUBA.
203. irais 08' 'I thy child here', like hie, ode is used of
a speaker indicating himself.
205. |io<rxov 142 n.
207. "Ai8a 'to Hades', dat. of motion is not common,
it recalls Horn. II. 1. 3, "Al'di irpo'tatyev. So in Lat. it clamor
caelo (Verg.), nigro computer it gregi (Hor.).
213. ' But my life, its outrage and its shame, I weep
not after' (/*erd), i.e. she does not regret the loss of life. Cf.
Med. 996, yueraoT^/OyUcu 5 abv a\yos. Other translations are
(1) therewith, at same time, (2) too late, after the event, (3) with
a notion of change, i.e. from death to life.
214. 0avtv = r6 daveiv.
216. Kal |AT]v 'and lo', usual formula for introducing a
new person on. stage, as in oratory it begins a new argument,
and in description a new incident.
[217 250. Enter Odysseus. He reminds H. of the decree
and says that he has come to take away her daughter; he
advises submission and deprecates all violence. H. in reply
mourns that she did not die before, and asks leave to put a
question, if a slave may be allowed to address a freeman. She
recalls his visit as a spy to Troy, her discovery and conceal-
ment of him, his urgent entreaties for life, and her saving
of him.]
218. -yvvai ' lady', a title of respect.
219. KpavOcurav 'ratified'.
221. irpos op0. xwp.a 190 n.
224. tea-Ten This is the excellent emend, of Nauck for
usual cTrlaTT) which is tame after eTriorrdr^s.
225. oIo-0' oflv o Spdo-ov 'dost thou know what to do?
neither be torn from her by violence nor come to any conflict
of blows with me'. This curious phrase which means properly
'do, dost thou know what?' recurs often in Eur., Soph, and
Aristoph.
227. 'Know thy powers', i.e. thy real powerlessness. Cf.
Xen. Andb. 1. 6. 7, 6'7ror' av Zyvus TTJV 0-eai/roO dvvajjLiv.
228. ' 'Tis wise, I ween, even in troubles, to have wise
thoughts '. TOI gnomic, i.e. its province is to introduce a pro-
verb or sentiment.
NOTES. G5
234. * But if a slave may ask questions of the free, neither
grievous nor vexing to the heart, then it is befitting that thy
speech indeed should have been spoken but that thou shouldst
hear me when I ask these questions'. [Prof. Paley follows a
scholiast in making (?ol = irpbs at, "tis to thee our speech must
be addressed',. but this loses the force of the tense. Weil, ob-
jecting that Odysseus had finished speaking and that Hecuba
did not wish him to cease entirely, conjectures cr /-cei/ epwrao-tfcu
Xpeuv.]
235. p) not otf, because the statement is general, 237.
Hec. speaks of herself in the plur. and the rule is that in such
cases the masc. must be used.
238. XP VOV causal gen. after verb of envying. 'I do
not grudge thee on the count of time'. Goodwin, 173. 1.
239. oto-Oa ' dost remember ?'
240. 'And from thy eyes gouts of blood dripped down upon
thy chin'. The allusion is not to his weeping ' tears of blood',
but to his general ghastly appearance when he entered Troy as
a spy and had mutilated himself, pretending that the Greeks
had maltreated him. The story is told by Horn. Od. 4. 244 sqq.,
where Helen not Hecuba recognises him: as the schol.
remarks, Hec. would hardly have let him go. <f>6(3ov and do\ov
have been conjectured, and if adopted, then crraX. would refer
only to 'tears'.
242. 'Yes, for it did not touch merely the surface of my
heart', i.e. it cut deep. The gen. is partitive.
244. |Afi,v...X66vTS the participle is regularly used after
vbs. of emotion. 397. The constr. is imitated by Verg. Aen. 2.
377, sensit...delapsus in hostis, i.e. se delapsum fuisse.
246. 'Yea, till my hand grew numbed within thy robes'.
The -y* confirms the previous speaker's assertion and adds a
new feature.
247. STJTO, ' prithee '.
[251 295. Hecuba to Odys. ' Y6u owe me gratitude not
unkindness. I hate you orators who speak to please, care-
less what injury you inflict. Why was my daughter to die, a
human sacrifice, where a beast would have served? Achilles
has no grudge against her; Helen, alike as the cause of mis-
chief and as the loveliest, would have been the best victim.
Such is the plea of equity. For you, I claim your gratitude :
66 HECUBA.
give me a life for a life: you have power I know, but use it not
unlawfully ; go, urge the Greeks to change the decree ; ye did
not always kill women ; your law is to care alike for slave and
free and your prestige would persuade them even against
their interests'.]
251. povXevjAcuriv 'because of these schemes', causal dat.
252. frraGes ' didst experience '*
253. 8wT| = dwaa-ai there is no occasion to regard this as
a subj.: indeed, though there are occasional instances of such
use, yet more properly fo should be inserted to complete the
constr. dvvq., which Pors. preferred^ is condemned by Herm.
as a Doric form.
254. 'All the sort of you who affect a speaker's fame'.
Eur. has clearly in mind some reference to a contemporary :
he had an intense dislike of mere oratory apart from principle,
as we see from Or. 907, orav yap ydvs rots \6yots, <ppov<2v KaK&s \
Tre'idy TO 7r\f)0os, ry TroAet KOLKOV /J.tya. Aristoph.'s savage attacks
upon him in this respect are most unfair.
258. ' But pray what policy did they find in this that they
determined upon a vote of death against this my daughter'.
260. TO xprjv - poet, form of xp^z/cu. The suggestion
Xpew is unnecessary. cr<J> is used of all genders sing, and
plur.
263. Tfvt <|>ovov ' aims death ', metaphor from a bow.
264. el'p-ycurrcu 'has done him no hurt'. This middle
sense of perf. pass, is found more especially in words meaning
doing or performing. This particular word is in Soph, always
middle. Cf. T?/>/ACU, 7y/>a / u,ucu, TrapeffKcvaafj.cn.
265. irpoo-^dYK-a-Ta there is not much additional point
in the plur. and there is a variant Trpba (frayed n. We find an
analogy in 616 (T/cTy^w/xara. Soph. Antig. 568, j>v/j,<f>e'ia = vijfji.<pr)i' t
see 82 n.
266. w\<rv...aYt for change of tense see 21 n.
268. ov\ ijp-wv roSc 'this is not our concern'. H. means
that on the score of beauty as well as of just vengeance Helen
was the more suitable victim.
269. lK-irpTro-TCtTT] ' supereminent '. The MS S. vary be-
tween this and euTrp
NOTES. G7
271. * On score of justice this is my contention and argu-
ment'. The phrase = rrjvde TTJV a/JuXXav \6yov d/uXXw/uu. She
wishes to contrast the plea of equity with her personal appeal
to gratitude of Odys.
274. YP aL ' a s Valckenaer's correction for the unmetrical
yepcuas, but see 64 n.
275. <rov partitive gen. after ruv O.VTUP, 'the same parts
of thee', i.e. hand and cheek.
280. tj 8* 'for she'.
282. TOVS KpdTovvras plur. used to prevent too direct a
reference to Odys. a pi) xpwv 'in unlawful things', fty is
used because the whole class of things unlawful is included.
Cf. JBacch. 515, 6Vt yap fjur] XP < ^ V otfrot %peco;> iradeiv. xpecbp is
indeclinable. Cf. Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, 'it is
excellent | to have a giant's strength, but tyrannous | to use it
like a giant'.
283. irpajjciv is properly referred back to roi>s Kpar. as
subject.
284. TJV TTOT' implying that it is so no more. Cf. fuimus
Troes (Verg.), [perhaps evTvxouaa may be supplied].
285. Double ace. is used after verbs of depriving. Goodwin,
164. This may be explained as a combination of direct and
indirect accusatives 'robbed me as to'.
286. <|>X. -y^v. here she takes him by the beard.
288. TrapiryopTjcrov 'counsel them to change' (-Trapd).
The words introduced by ws (=nam) are the comment of H.,
not the words which Odys. is to use in council. <(>06vos equi-
valent to ve/ji<rts, i.e. it excites the anger of the gods.
291. 8fc 'for'. Here Eur. refers to heroic times the
custom of his own age. Demosth. in Mid. p. 529 gives us
the law of #/3pis or outrage, and says that slaves and free
were treated alike.
293 5. ' Thy prestige, though it speak but ill, will per-
suade them : for the same speech has not the same weight
when it comes from the insignificant as (when it comes) from
those of repute '. Xe-yrj is the MS. reading, and cannot be
the same in sense as \eyys which is substituted for it. There
is no doubt some violence to language in saying that 'his
prestige speaks', but d|Co>|xa is the personification of an ab-
68 HECUBA.
straction. Cf. Hipp. 11, ayvou IL'rflews TrcuSei^uara. [KO-KWS
is sometimes interpreted 'against their interest', under the
idea that Odys. as a notable speaker would not be disparaged
by any accusation of indifferent pleading.]
295. TWV SOKOVVTWV a recognised phrase = evdoKtfjiwv, hence
perhaps the use of the article: cf. Troades, 609, where ra
doKovvra and ra fjLi)8i> fivra are contrasted.
296. o-Tppos 151 n.
297. TJTIS = wore ' as not to shed a tear '. So also the
simple relative os. Hel. 501, avr]p yap ovdeis wde (3dp(3apos
tfipfras | os &vo[jC d/cotfcras rovfjibv ov Soxret [Sopd?. Cf. Scott, Lay,
'Breathes there the man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
This is my own, my native land ! '
[299 331. Odys. to Hec. 'You personally I can save:
but I cannot gainsay my promise to give your daughter to the
bravest warrior we had. To do so would be bad in principle :
for states would suffer if their champions were not duly
honoured : no one would take the field if he thought his bravery
would not command respect. I myself should like to have
honour paid to my tomb, however little might suffice me in
life. And do not imagine yourself alone in suffering ; we,
too, have aged widows. So endure: we will take the conse-
quences of our reverence of our warriors : you barbarians may
do as you will, and reap the proper fruits of your conduct'.]
299. * Be advised and do not by reason of thy anger regard
in thy mind thy good counsellor as a foe '. SiSdo-Kou (mid.)
usu. = ' get some one taught'. TO> Ovfxov^vw article and neut.
participle equal a subst.; a constr. very common in Thucy-
dides. 8v<r|Xvfj is the predicate.
301. r6 ply <rAv o-cojxa 'thy person'. So Soph. Ant. 675,
TWV 5' opBov^evuv \ <rcuet ra TroXXa <rw/xa#' 77 7rei#apxt'a.
302. KOVK aXXcos Xc-yw * and not idly do I speak'.
307. irpoOvfjios ' ready '..
308. <j>^pT]Tcu ' wins for himself no more than his in-
feriors'. Cf. Soph. Ant. 637, tfJiol yap ovdeis a'ic<rercu yd/jios \
fjLel^ov (ptpecrdai aov /caXws rjyovfjL^vov.
309. T]}JLiv ' at our hands'. Almost a dative of the agent.
311. 'Is not this shame to us if we make use of a friend
while he lives, but when he is dead no longer treat him
NOTES. 69
in friendly wise?' There is a double sense here of xp^K* 011
(1) to make use of a person, as in Xen. Anab. 1.4. 8, Kal epel
ovdels cos ^710, ws ftev dv Trapy res, xpctytcu, eTretSdf 5 dir^vai
povXyrcu K.T.\. (2) uti amico, 'to treat as a friend'. [Cobet,
Obs. Criticae, suggests expco/xe#', bringing into more striking
contrast the different times, past and present.] pXeirovTi is
used as ol pXenovres, 'the living'. Cf. Ter. Eun. 73, vivus
vidensque pereo.
312. o\w\ the MS. reading, softened down by some to
&TTffTl.
315. <j>i\o\|/vxTJ<ro{Jiv 'play the coward'. Observe that
this line is spoken by Odys. as his own sentiment: if he
had put it into the mouth of anyone else, the conjunctive
would have been used.
317. Kal JJEI\V ' and look you ', 216 n. K<x0' Tifxep. con-
nect closely with the words which follow, ' if with but small
supply day by day', Kal i states an imaginary or reluctantly
admitted, d /cat an actual case.
319. * But my tomb I should like to see deemed worthy of
honour'. 6pdcr9ai mid. but probably in poetry = active.
320. 8ia fxaicp. ' for long lasting is the reward '. The sen-
timent is like that which Antigone expresses (Soph. Ant. 76),
where she refuses to please the living rather than the dead,
K(l yap del /cecro/xcu.
323. i^8 Epic form common enough in Aesch. but other-
wise of doubtful tragic usage.
324. vv}u|>Ca>v Tryr. Goodwin, 174.
325. K6v0i act. in sense whereas the perf. K^KevOa is
often intrans. ' is buried ', cf. fyctTrw, rjpiirov, iary/ju, eo-T-rjKa.
326 seq. * If our custom of honouring the dead is a mis-
taken one we shall (willingly) incur the charge of folly, but
do ye barbarians neither regard your friends as friends, nor
admire those who have bravely died, that so Hellas may
prosper and ye may win reward to match your thoughts '
(i. e. may suffer because you refuse to honour the dead).
[KaKs may be, but not so well, taken with n^w .]
326. ToXjxa raS* ' endure this '.
327. 6<(>X. strictly, 'to lose a lawsuit'. Cf. Soph. Ant.
470, 0-xeSoV TI /iw/oy p.wpiav o0Ai<r/ccu'a7, and debeo in Hor. Od.
1. 14. 15, tu nisi ventis | debes ludibrium, cave.
70 HECUBA.
330. ws flv 'that so'. It is difficult to see that any
change is effected by introd. of cu> which in Horn, and Hdt.
is used with opt. as well as subj. Goodwin, 216, 1. n. 2.
[Herm. ssiys = dummodo, ' provided that'.]
[332 341. The Chor. laments slavery as an evil. Hec.
appeals to her daughter to attempt Odys. with all sweet notes
of "woe: for he, too, has children, and will pity her fate.]
332. 'Slavery, what an evil is it ever, and it tolerates
indignities under tyranny of force'. The reading adopted
in the text is that given by Stobaeus (flor. about 500 A.D.
quotes more than 500 passages of Eur.) and is simple and
consistent. To\ju.av and Tre^u/c^at which are variants also go
well together. VLK^VOV is also read for KparovjAevov.
334. ovjjiol by crasis from ot tyot.
335. 4>povScn supply ciatv, which is usually omitted in
this connection, jxar. puj>9. * cast idly to the winds '. The
tragedians prefer this fuller form to pL^vres.
337, 8. 'By uttering every note which comes from the
nightingale's throat', ira<ras iravrotas. Uura, (the t is com-
mon). toorT = ws, see 179 n. [The common epithets of the
nightingale, \iyeia, \Lyv<t>wos, flebilis, qnerula, illustrate the
appropriateness of the comparison. Pplyx. had need of a
tongue like that of the much- wronged Philomela.]
338. [1-q o-rcp. in prose rou /XT) would be required: it
shows very clearly the relation of cause and effect.
340. irp<$<|>ao-iv 'a plea', often though not necessarily
a false plea. irei0 'try to persuade'. The definite act of
persuading would have been expressed by aqr. For appeal
made on the score of children, cf. Alk. 275 (Admetus to Alk.
on point of death) /XT) irpos iraiftuv ovs optfiavie'is.
[342 378. Polyxena sees Odysseus showing signs of
shrinking from her appeal and assures him that she is willing
to follow him to death. For slavery is abominable to her, a
king's daughter and once sought in marriage by princes, a rival
of the gods, save in being mortal. She shrinks from menial
offices or degrading alliance with a slave. If she is to die, let
her die free. She urges her mother to accept the position.]
342. 6p<3 <rc KpvirrovTa 6'ri KPVTTTCLS: verbs of perception
usually take a participial construction not an object clause.
Goodwin, 280. Sefjidv the right hand and beard were seized
NOTES. 71
by suppliants, who were watched over and avenged by Zes
IK^ffiOS.
344. -ycveidSos gen. of the object aimed at. Goodwin,
171.
345. iK<rtov Aa 'thou hast escaped my suppliant Zeus',
i.e. his vengeance [or Polyxena regards Zeus as her colleague
in entreaty, identifying him with her cause].
346. (5 < be sure that '. "ye strongly emphasizes eif/opai. :
'not only shall I not seek to avoid but will even court death'.
347. povXtjcrofxcu the fut. with el shows that she can still
avail herself of the choice.
348. <|>iX6t|/vxos 'cowardly', cf. 315. S. John xii. 25, 6
<pi\<J0v TT]V ^vx^v aurov dTroX^cret avrrjv.
349. The tragedians often express a negative by an inter-
rogative. 'What call have I to live?' is equivalent to, but
livelier than, * I have no, &c. ' -y^P referring to a suppressed
thought.
^ v other verbs which contract into 77 not a are Sti/'dw,
Treivdw, cr/Aaw, XP^) x/ 9 ^ /* ") an( l sometimes /craw and i^aw.
jxiv answered by 6^, 354.
350. irpwTov PIOV 'this is the glory of my life*.
352. * A bride for kings, with no mean rivalry for my nup-
tials, to whose hearth and home I shall come'. ydjAttv = ircpl
yd.fj.uv. Thuc. 1. 140, TO T(av Mieyaptuv if/r)(j>ia'fj.a ) ' the decree
about the Megareans'.
353. a,<j>ij;0[Acu for more usual optative, Polyxena reverting
for a moment in thought to the time when the choice still lay
open to her.
Swjjux <rriav T almost a hendiadys, the hearth being with
all Aryan nations the most sacred and central part of the 5w/xa.
'EorCa Vesta, was the only deity common to Greeks and
Romans.
354. 8' 'for'. ij 8vcrr. 'articulus insignis', as Bengel
calls it.
"I8a the mountain which overhung Troy : cf. 631 note.
355. The caesura in this line is not complete. airdpXcir-
TOS 'conspicuous'; so Vergil G. 3. 17, victor Tyrio conspectus
( = conspiciendus) in ostro.
E. H. G
72 HECUBA.
dird denotes that men look from others to her. jwra with
dative is mainly an epic usage. Goodwin, 191. vi. 3. Kirchhoff
boldly reads irapdtvuv.
356. irXijv adverb. TO Kar0aviv ace. of respect.
357. vyv 8' 'but as things are'. Tovvojxa 'the name (of.
slave) by its strangeness makes me in love with death'.
358. cicoOos ov such a combination of two participles is
rare : cf. Horn. II. 19. 80, i-n-Lffra^evov Trep' tovra. Aristoph.
Frogs 721, o$re yap TotiroiaLV ovcriv ov /ce/a/35??Xeuju&'ocs.
359. CLV...OLV the repetition of civ is emphatic. Soph.^4?if.
69 (Antigone is indignantly refusing her sister's aid), otfr'
AceXetfcrcuyU,' o#r' &v ft 0Aois lrt \ Trpdaaeii', C/JLOV 7' cLv ^5e
<|>pvas 'of savage heart', ace. of specification,
Goodwin, 160.
360. SCOTTTOTWV oVris a like combination of sing, and pi.
occurs Med. 220, fiporuv \ OCTTIS ffrvyei. wvij<rTai cf. a0/oyu,cu }
352 note, dp-yvpov gen. of price, Goodwin, 178.
362. 'Imposing upon me the harsh service of making
bread at home and of sweeping the house and standing over
the loom, harshly will he use me'. Keptcfe in the JO-TO'S or
upright loom is the ' rod ' or in later times ' comb ' by which
the threads of the woof were driven home so as to make the
web even and close. It is probably derived from KP^KW (an
onomatopoetic word =' to strike') and was probably held in
the hands. craCpeiv including all menial offices, [crta-ijpa. and
tenses formed from it mean 'to snarl', 'to sneer'.]
<|><rT(xvai similar short forms of the perf. inf. used by
Attic writers are refli/ch'cu, pc(3dvaL, rerXd^ai, dedeLTrvdvat, ypi-
ardvaL. Xvirpos and \vin}pbs are collateral but distinct forms :
it must not be thought that one is a contracted form of the
other. dva-yKcurci following so soon after avdyKriv is to us
ill-sounding, but cf. e.g. 223, eTTicrrdr^s, eTr&rrcu.
366. Tvpdvvcov TI. 'deemed worthy of princes'. [The
Greek rvpavvos (Doric form of KoLpavos, a ruler) might or might
not be ' a tyrant ', being a despot who had gained his power by
force or fraud, whether he exercised it ill or well. The early
tyrants did as a rule govern well, but the words of the Corinth-
ians at Sparta (B.C. 509), when dissuading the Spartans from
NOTES. 73
replacing Hippias in Athens by force, show the hateful ex-
cesses into which they might fall, Hdt. 5. 92.]
867. ov Stjra 'no indeed', drjra strongly emphasizing the
word after which it stands ; cf . rl dTjra ; TTWS drjra ; how pray ?
cf. notes on 247, 623. <j>-yyos a Greek loved the light, and
all dying addresses (e.g. those of Ajax, and Alkestis, and Dido,
Vergil Aeneid 4 copied from the Ajax) bid a loving farewell to
the sun and his light. 4\v0pov freedom was a passion with
the Greek. We should have expected tXevOtpa. and some
editors read t\v0pw ; but it is one of ths many instances of
transferred epithets.
369. dfy' otfv n' Person's correction after an old com-
mentator for dyov /-c'. ctywv the present participle is rather
loosely used.
370. IXirCs is distinguished from 8o(-a as being better
grounded. Plato contrasts S6a mere ' opinion ' or * seeming '
with Tri<TTr}/Mj, ' certain knowledge '. TOV = r^os is contracted
from the Ionian form reo found in Homer, and is only found
in Attic. It is similarly placed Aesch. Prom. 21, IV' otfre $UVT\V
otfre rov fjiop(j>r)v pporuv | 6\{/ci.
372. p.TJTp, crv> 8' in suddenly addressing a new person
first comes the vocative, then the pronoun, then the particle.
1287, 'E/ca/37; <rb 5' w K.T.\.
373. \tyova-a. |xi]T Spwcra 'neither by word nor act',
supply fJLrjre before \tyovcra. [Some MSS. and editors read
^6^, but X. fj.t]5 dpuaa ' saying but not doing'.] o-vppouXov,
'join in wishing for my death'. Beware of confusing /SotfAo^cu
and its compounds with (3ov\evu.
374. 0avetv substantive, object of ev^ovKov.
375. Stobaeus quoting this passage reads irovwv, 378 c'v
380 TrXcurrov.
377. jidXXov evrvxeoTTcpos double comparatives are occa-
sionally met with. Eur. Hippolytus 485, fjia\\oi> d\yluv, Soph.
Antig. 1210, /xdXXov acrcroi>, Shakespeare, Tempest, 1. 2, ' more
better'.
378. Nauck suspects this verse, perhaps with reason. On
the one hand it is just such a verse as copyists would insert,
on the other hand Euripides often ends with such saws.
jj^ KaXws *if with dishonour', /} adding a hypothetic
touch.
62
74 HECUBA.
379. * Marvellous and notable among men. is the stamp of
noble birth and rises to higher repute of nobility '.
\apaKTi]p a metaphor from the stamping of money. Mil-
ton (with whom Euripides was a great favourite) may have
borrowed hence, 'Reason's mintage | charactered in the face'.
IcrOXwv gen. of origin, Soph. Ant. 38, eiV evyevris TrtyvKas efr'
<?6\uv KaKij. Euripides had a high opinion of the value of
good birth, but it must be accompanied by nobility of nature.
Kcbrl [Aiov pXTCU Soph. Phil. 258, 77 5' e^y v6cros | del rtdyXe
Kairl [JLOV fyxercu. 6vop.a, ace., the nom. would require rotfvo/xa
in strict Greek.
[382. Hecuba. Let me be substituted for Polyxena; I am
the mother of that Paris who slew Achilles. Odysseus. Nay
it is Polyxena whom Achilles demands. Hecuba. Let us die
together : nothing shall avail to separate us, I will cling to her
as ivy to the oak.]
382. ctiros the quick Greek uses the aorist in order to
revert to the precise moment, so aireirTwa. I loathe, fjnyVea-a
I praise, ede^d^v I accept.
383. But to that good is added pain'.
TW n-q\ws a spondaic caesura is allowable in the fifth foot
when the first part of it is a monosyllable capable of beginning
a sentence, or the second part a monosyllable incapable of be-
ginning one.
384. x|/6-yov 'the blame' of not honouring the brave.
386. cfyovrcs cf. ayw, 369 note, TIJACLS 'me only'. Cf.
237 note.
391. ctXXd c at any rate'. This use of dXXd is due to an'
ellipse, iyU?s d, el yui) ^bvt\v pe fiovXecrde 0oreucrcu, aXXa Bvyarpl
(TVfj,(f>ovevcra.T.
392. Eur. Troades 381, ovd irpbs TCX^OUJ | &r0' o<rrts auro?5
afyia 777 Suprjaerai. The earth is endowed with life and sense.
iro>|ia the correction of Porson for 7r6 / ua of MSS. , this not
being an Attic form.
394. ets, the reading of the best MS., is better than 0-779 of
most editors. * We must not add one death to another, would
that the obligation even of this death were spared us'. fXTjS*
(not ovdt) is used because w0etXo/xev expresses an unattainable
wish. The aorist is more usual than the imperfect, and often
in the form ei'c?' w0eXoj>. Supply irpoafaptiv from irpoffoicrTtos.
NOTES. 75
396. Y 6 (condemned by Hermann) is forcible.
397. 'How? for I am not aware that I have masters'.
KKTTj[i.vos this participle (nom. because it refers to the sub-
ject of the clause) is the regular construction after oUa and
eTT/ora/xcu. Cf. 244 note. Seo-irdras for the strong sense of
this word cf. Hippol. 88, where the attendant calls Hippolytus
ava%, adding 0eoi)s 70,^0 SecrTroras /caXeti' 'xpeuv, 'for the gods
alone may I style lords '.
398. If one could go so far as to declare the verse corrupted
by the intrusion of a gloss rrjeSe, the line might be re-written
thus: OTTOJS; OTTOLO. Ktcrffos eo/xcu dpvbs. 'Dost ask how? like
ivy to an oak will I cling.' The -nJo-Se would be manifestly
understood from dvyarpL in 396. [This is Dr Kennedy's view.
Other ways of taking the passage are (1) 'Know that I will
cling to her as ivy to an oak', supplying before Sirws some such
word as Mi. (2) A double comparison may be intended, 'I,
like ivy, will cling to her as to an oak'.] 8pvds cf. 64 note.
399. oft* 'No!' Thus emphatically used accented, rfv
y 'that is, if. [Aldus reads ov yd\v ye, but ov ^v is never
immediately followed by 76.]
400. ws 'know that' = fcr0i cos. Soph. Aj. 39, us t<rriv
avdpbs rovde rdpya ravra (rot, ' know that in him thou hast the
doer of these deeds'. The phrase is a formula 'fortiter affir-
mantis' (Elmsley).
401. ov JXTJV formula of emphatic denial, avrov gen.
of place.
[402 443. Polyx. 'Mother resist not, it is unseemly'.
Polyxena exchanges a tearful farewell with her mother and is
led off with veiled head by Odysseus.]
402. Aaepriov the name of Laertius (father of Odysseus
and king of Ithaca) is variously spelt by the tragedians Aa<?/>-
rios, Ad/>rios, Aa^pTfjs.
403. xaXa 'give way to'. TOKV<TIV vague plural allud-
ing to Hecuba, as 404 Kparovcri to Odysseus. This plural is
often used instead of a definite name which it might be in-
convenient to give.
406. irpos pav ' with violence ', so irpbs rjdovrjv, 'willingly';
rpos xu-P LV i 'pleasingly'; TT/JOS rd%os, 'quickly'.
407. K 'by'.
408. -imcm future from TTCUTXO;. The form Treicry is not
7G HECUBA.
rightly read in Euripides, p) crv -y' a formula of fond en-
treaty. Supply from the context some such words as oi'rw
Trotrjcrov.
410. irpoo-paXetv object of dos.
411. Soph. Aj. 857, /cat TOV Sifypevrriv rfKiov TTpoffeweTru, \
5r) /COUTTOT' avdis varepov (Ajax's dying speech).
413. 8i] strengthens rt\os (as iravvffrarov in the passage
from the Ajax). Cf. Eur. Herakl. 673, irpodenrovo-' vararov
414. aircijxi often used as an euphemism for dying: so
ol'xo/xcu.
415. i][Ais 'I', as in 386.
416. <5v supply vfjLfvaluv from avvftfratos.
418. Kt a constant euphemism for ev "Aidov (sc. 56,uois),
which here occurs by its side. KC<ronai especially of lying
among the dead. There is some confusion between the body
lying in the dead and the spirit in Hades.
419. iroi TcXevTTiVtt 'to what end shall I bring my life?'
This construction is called pregnant =. l whither shall I (carry
and) end my life?' Cf. Troad. 1029, IV ddrjs of TeXevr^o-w Myov.
420. irarpos o(ra gen. of origin, which is taken by et/Ai,
yiyvofjiai, and TT^VKOL. Cf. 380 note,
421. According to Homer these 50 children were those of
Priam, 19 (or 38) of them by Hecuba. Verg. Aen. 2. 503, quin-
quaginta illi thalami spes tanta nepotum. ajj-jiopoi T. 'bereft
of, gen. of separation. [The old reading was -^uets 5 ireitTTJKorT 1
d/jLoipoL 87) TKVUV, a verse which Eur. cannot have written. Cf.
383 n.]
422. <roi ethic dative. Hektor his eldest son. ctirco
deliberative conjunctive. Goodwin, 256.
425. dOXto. This is Markland's suggestion for aflXt'aj. Two
epithets for rvxys would be very awkward, and the whole sentence
would be jerky and uncomfortable.
426. For position of TC cf. 80 n.
427. x c "P ovo ~ lv 'others fare well, but this is not thy
mother's lot'. Polyxena had said 'farewell', and Hecuba plays
upon the words. The same pun is found in Sophokles, Eu-
ripides, Plautus, &c. &TTIV emphatic, and so accented. roSe
sc. rb x^pw- The variant x a pa is clearly an explanatory gloss.
NOTES. 77
430. 0avo6tn]S...crdv Oav. agrees with <rov supplied from
ffov. Cf. Ov. Her. 5. 45, etflesti et nostros vidlsti jlentis ocello$.
6'jj.u.a o-tryKXrJciv 'to shut the eyes', i.e. attend to her at
her death. Verg. Aen. 9. 487, nee te tua funera mater \ pro-
duxi, pressive oculos, aut volnera lam. [The form -KXytiv is
more Attic than -/cXete^ of old editions.]
432. a|x<f>i0els Kapa n^'-rrXois virtually form one word, hence
follows the accusative /me.
433. KTTt]Ka Contrast this intransitive usage of the 2nd
(or strong) perfect with the transitive meaning of e/cr^/cw 434.
So eaya='I am broken', from ayvvju, *I break'; #XwXa 'I am
destroyed', from 6XXu/xt, 'I destroy'. KapStav ace. of respect
or specification. Goodwin, 160. 1.
435. '0 light! for I may yet invoke thy name, but have no
share of thee save for so long as I pass hence to the sword and
pyre of Achilles', [ovojjia a plausible suggestion 6/mfjLa has been
made, but 6vo/j.a is more appropriate, implying that although
Polyxena could invoke the name, she could not enjoy the
reality.]
438. irpoXcC-irtt 'I faint'. Cf. Alk. 401, rt fys; irpo\elirw.
XVCTCU 'are failing me'. Herakl. 602, w Troupes, ot'xoTteo'tfa,
\verai fj.\r) | XtfTTT?. In Attic, Xuo>, \voi>, XucTW, ^Xvcra: but
XeXu/ca.
441 443. These verses are spurious. For they cannot be
spoken by Hecuba, who has fainted ; thev are more than awk-
ward as beginning a stasimon ; they are in themselves feeble.
<8s * in this plight', i.e. a slave, [cos would utin am.]
AiocrKopoi Castor and Pollux were born at a birth with
Helen. The form diocrKovpoi (whence Latin Dioscuri) is not
Attic.
'EXe'viqv There is a play on this word and elXe 443 (which
= /cafleiXe) ; cf . aivoTrapiv 945.
[444 483. First Stasimon, O-TOLO-L^OV (^Xos), or ode by the
entire chorus after taking up their position at the thymele.
The term itself appears to involve two notions that of the
chorus in position at the thymele and that of an ode unbroken
by dialogue or anapaests. Cho. * Ocean breeze, to whose house
wilt thou waft me a slave ? To Doris, or Phthia, or Delos, or
Athens? My city smoulders in ruins, I am a slave'.]
78 HECUBA.
444. TTovTtos adjectives in -as are usually (but not of neces-
sity) joined with fern, words. Phoen. 1025, 0oira<rt Trrcpols.
445. irovToiropovs, Oods fixed Epic epithets.
446. OKCITOVS an exclusively poetical word, the usual prose
equivalent being raOs, and dKciriov is a mere skiff.
447. TTOpevto 'I make to go', Tropcvojxai 'I go'.
448. TO> \ = rivi ; KTi]9i<ra rarely used passive as here.
450. Awpls ala the Peloponnese.
451. Phthia in Thessaly.
453. vSdrcov irarepa So Eur. Hed. 573 praises the Hali-
akmoii.
454. Apidanus a tributary of the Peneus, and one of the
few rivers, says Herodotus 7. 196, which Xerxes did not drink
dry. Y^ as restored by Hermann for the gloss 7r^5m.
455. voxrwv connected with Trot, 447.
456. ir}xirojj,vav governed by Tropetfcrets, 447.
458. The palm is said to have been first born at Delos,
because it gained its eminence among trees from its connection
with Apollo who was there born. 8ios is often used of things
glorious [from same root as dies, divus, &c.], but the epithet
here alludes probably to the fact that Latona's travail brought
forth gods, viz. Apollo and Artemis [or that they were the
children of Zeus]. Delos was in Olympiad 88. 3 (B.C. 426, cf.
Thuc. 3. 104) solemnly purified by the Athenians. Plutarch
tells us that Nikias, the Athenian general, took pains to make
this celebration a success by providing splendid chorus and
uniting Delos to the islet of Eheneia. [This is one of the con-
temporary allusions which help to fix the date of the play.]
465. apirvg 'a head-band', so called because it d/^7r^x
(surrounds) the hair,
466. IlaXXdSos irdXis Athens.
467. 0as vaCovo-' Nauck's emendation for the unmetrical
Athene is represented in her chariot fighting
against the Titans. Compounds of KCL\- are formed from the
subst. KctXAos, not the adj. /caXdy. [Porson reads /caXXtS/^ot',
bat the elision is impossible.]
468. ir&rXos the sacred vestment of Athene on which was
depicted the goddess doing battle with the giants. It was carried
NOTES. 79
in solemn procession at the greater Panathenaea once every
Olympiad.
470. ScuSaXcauri used by Homer of stone or metal work-
ing, but here referring clearly to embroidery. ' Shall I yoke?'
of course means ' shall I represent by embroidery the yoking of
the steeds ? '
471. dvOoKpoKos perhaps merely variegated (dvdos) and
saffron-coloured (K/JO'/COS). Tn]vi] ' thread', pi. 'the web', Latin
tela. Prom the same root comes the Latin pannus, a patch.
472. Titans the sons of Ouranos and Gaia. who rebelled
against Zeus after he had conquered them and Kronos their
king. Later poets add largely to their numbers, Aeschylus
including Prometheus, while in the Latin poets Titan = the sun-
god.
473. rd.v=7jt>. dfx<|uirvp<o used by Sophokles of Artemis
holding torches in both hands.
475. TCK&OV Goodwin, 173. 3.
478. 8opCKTt]Tos 'ApYcCwv a possessive genitive.
480. KK\Tjp.at more forcible than et/xJ, which it. often
means. A Greek hated the name as much as the reality of
slavery. Cf. 552.
482. See the translation of the entire ode. The old trans-
lation was 'having left Asia the handmaid of Europe, having by
exchange become the bride of Hades' (which of course was
absurd, as they had not to die): or 'having changed death's
chambers (for slavery) ', which is harsh. But the fatal objection
brought forward by Hartung is that Eur. often uses dtpcLirva. in
the sense of 'a habitation', never in that of 'a handmaid',
which would be depa-jranva.
" Breeze, ocean breeze, that carriest swift sea-bound barques
o'er the swelling flood, whither wilt thou waft me the forlorn
one ? To whose house gotten for a slave shall I come ? Shall
it be to a harbour in the land of Doris, or of Phthia, where they
say that Apidanus, father of fairest waters, fattens the furrows?
Or to what isle wilt thou bring me, hapless one, sped by the
sea-sweeping oar, spending a piteous life in the house, to that
one where the palm there first created and the bay tree raised
their sacred shoots for dear Leto, to grace her divine travail?
And shall I praise with Delian maidens the golden fillet and
bow of Artemis ? Or shall I, dwelling in the city of Pallas of
the. fair chariot, yoke young steeds on her saffron robe, em-
80 HECUBA.
broidering them on the rich wrought flower-decked web, or
[embroidering] the race of the Titans which Zeus, Kronos' son,
with flashing flame hushes to rest? Woe is me for my children,
for my fathers, for my country, which, smoke-defiled, lies in
ruin won by the Argives' spear. And I in a strange land am
called a slave, having left Asia and taken in exchange an abode
in -Europe (which is to me) the bridal- chamber of Hades."
[484517. Enter Talthybius, Is there a god in heaven,
or does chance rule all? Yonder lies one erewhile a queen,
now a wretched slave. Lady, arise. Hecuba. Who art thou?
T. I am Talthybius, sent by Agamemnon for thee. H. What?
Am I too to die? Blessed news! T. Nay, thou art to bury
thy daughter. H. Tell me how ye did the cruel deed.]
484. 8i] iroT (to be written separately) 'lately*. But
Pflugk prefers to give dy the sense which it has with superla-
tives.
485. 4vpoiju av a modified future, a tense avoided by
the Greeks where possible, an example of their softening down.
486. VWT' e'xovo-a Hecuba is lying huddled up. The po-
sition has been objected to as undignified, but it is for this very
reason that Euripides introduces it to heighten the pity of the
audience.
488. 'Zeus, what am I to say? that thou regardest men
or that they have idly and. to no purpose this false opinion,
thinking that there is a race of gods, whereas chance watches
over all things among mortals'. The change of subject is
harsh, that of bpav being 0-^, that of Ke/cr^crtfcu being dvOpdirovs.
oXXws H-. x|/. This piling up of the agony is quite in the tragic
vein, and v. 490, condemned by several editors, appears quite
genuine. SoKovvras epexegetic of rfySe doav. Euripides was
a pupil of the great philosopher Anaxagoras and averse to
popular mythology, but Aristophanes' strictures on him are
unjust.
492. rjSc pointing at her.
494. -rrcur' dv&rrr]Kv ' is utterly destroyed'. The position
of IT Sera shows that it closely qualifies aveo-r-rjKejf. [Remember
that the present, imperfect, future and 1st aorist of IVr^/u and
its compounds are transitive, the rest intransitive.]
495. avTi) 'and she', the correction of Elmsley for O.VTTJ.
NOTES. 81
496. KIT<H 'is grovelling', the word used of Achilles in
his rage and grief after the taking away of Briseis (II. 2. 688),
of Ajax when he recovered his senses and realised his shame
(Soph. Aj. 206). Kovi <|>vp. lit. 'caking with dust her head',
always a sign of mourning, Cf. Catullus 64. 224, canitiem terra
atque infuso pulvere foedans.
497. Talthybius means *I have hut little life left to enjoy,
(this little being on that account the mqre precious,) but I would
surrender that', &c.
498. ircpiirCirrco usually of 'coming across' a disaster.
500. irak-XevKov a favourite compound with Euripides,
e.g. 196, 212/411, 528, 657, 667.
501. rCs O^TOS OVK $$ Hecuba, looking up for the first
time, 'Who art thou that sufferest me not, &c.?' For construc-
tion cf. Horn. II. 10. 82, rls 5' OVTOS /caret vrjas dva ffrparov />x eat
olos ; <raJ|jLa TOVJXOV a periphrasis for e/t<?.
502. He ought to have respected her grief.
503. Aava'iSwv Peoples are often designated by patro-
nymics, so Dardanidae, 4enea$ae,
504. irji.\|/avTos supply e^e. [xera i.e. fjLTa7rtfjL\j/avTos.
This cutting words asunder is called tmesis.
506. SOKOVV 'because it is decided', ace. abs. Cf. 121 n.
We should have expected the aorist 56%av : cf . ciywv , 369 note.
507. lyicovecD said to be connected with /cons = ' raise dust
by bustling', ij-yov JAOI cf. 383 note.
509. jiTa<TTCxwv ' seeking for thee ', not ' to seek for
thee ', which would be future. For the force of /uera in com-
position cf. 213 note.
510. 'ArpetScu the two sons of Atreus, Agamemnon king
of Mykenae, and Menelalis king of Sparta. X. 'AxctuK^s a
democratic anachronism. In those early times the people
would have little voice in the matter.
511. T \^is; 'what art thou about to say?' Hecuba
fears still worse remains to hear, it is incorrect therefore to
say that it = rt X^^eis ;
dpa 'it would seem', the lightest of the inferential par-
ticles. s 6avovp,vovs ' for death '. ws with the future par-
ticiple gives the avowed cause whether really meant or ot.
82 HECUBA.
514. TO 4m <r 'with regard to thee' (Polyxena). Many
editors have considered that <j =cro/, ivhich however never suffers
elision, and would give a wrong sense, ' as far as depends upon
thee '.
TjjAis cf. 386 note. Notice how she becomes singular and
feminine at the same time.
515. TTWS KctC; 'how in fact?' (1) n'j (TTCK, TTOU, TTO?OJ,
TTWS) Kal asks for real information, the KCL! adding vigour = rts
5rj. Cf. 1064. (2) Kal rts (Trot, TTOU, TroTos, TTWS) is a formula of
contradiction, the question being a sneering one. viv = avTfy.
lav, a corresponding dialectical form, is not found in tragedy.
* How in fact did ye despatch her ? with reverence, or came ye
to the dread deed butchering her as a foe ?'
[518582. TalthyMus. All the Greek host were in at-
tendance. Neoptolemus set the maid on the tomb, poured a
libation, and prayed for a safe return. The maiden at her
prayer was unhanded that she a princess might die free : then
tearing open her dress she bade Neoptolemus strike where he
would. The blow fell; and scarce had she fallen when all
vied to do her honour in collecting wood for the pyre or leaves
to cover her withal, each urging his neighbour to activity in
the work.]
518. ' Lady, thou wouldst have me take a double meed
of tears in pity for thy daughter : for now in relating the evil
tale shall I moisten this eye even as at the tomb when she
was dying '. After irpbs rd^y re supply trcy^a. coXXvro note
the tense.
521. < Tras...irXt]p'r]s emphatic repetition, cf. 489 note.
522. irl cr^a-yoLs ' for the slaying of the maiden', tirl
(with ace.) denoting the direction of their attention.
523. x Ps ' b J tne nand ' Goodwin, 171.
524. ftrrqcre ' set her '. ITT aKp. \a>\i. This was neces-
sary: cf. Helen's directions to Elektra, Or. 116, /cat trrao-'
<?TT' aKpov xw/xaros Aeoj> rdde. ir^Xas 8* tyu> sc. ^ffr^v.
525. 'And picked young men chosen from the Achaeans
attended in order to restrain with their hands thy maiden's
struggling '. XcKrol and ^KKptroi together are awkward, jidcr-
X.ov cf. 144.
528. cd'pci ' raises on high '. [This is the reading of the
best MS. and one other. Ah 1 the rest read fy/set, but apart
NOTES. 83
from the fact that the time for pouring the libation has not
yet come, pelv xas ' to pour libations ', is not Greek. A river
might well enough be said peiv yd\a, * to flow with milk ', but
to say that a man ' flows libations ' is quite another thing.]
529. <rt]|iaCvi * signifies ', by a sign, in order to avoid
ill-omened words which might mar the whole sacrifice : cf.
;> = siler e.
531. "irapacTTds 'having stood forth', Aristoph. Knights,
508, irpbs rb Oearpov irapafirivai. <riya. adv. crfyd imper. of
(7170,0;.
533. vi^V(xov ' And I hushed the crowd into quiet', pro-
leptic. The derivation is 1/77, dVe/zos, cf. V(JOV\}^O^ VT], WO/ACL.
534. irariip nominative for vocative as usual in oxytone
words.
537. <xKpau|>vs ' virgin ', lit. 'undefiled', in sense quali-
fying Kopys. Cf. Iph. Aul. 1574, d^pavrov al/J,a Ka\\urap6&ov
538. ' Show thyself kindly to us '.
539. Xvcrcu object of 6s. Note the change of construc-
tion, after 6bs yfuv comes an accusative and infinitive clause.
XoXivwrrjpia sc. oVXa, metaphor from horses, would in
prose be Trpu/z^cria. As soon as a breeze sprang up these
ropes from stern to shore would be cut. upvjxvas K. \a\.
a kind of hendiadys.
541. VOO-TOU from which Achilles' anger had debarred
them, 113.
542. ir-i]v|aTo ' prayed after him ', so eir-qSeiv.
543. ' Then by its handle he seized a knife gilt all over
and was in act to draw it forth from its sheath '. Kciirqs
523 n.
546. <j>pdo-0T] 'she noted it', passive in form, but
547. 'You have destroyed my city, at least let me die
free '.
552. KK\T|o-0at alcr)(vvo|Jicu The infinitive is used when
a feeling of shame prevents a person from acting, the parti-
ciple when that which a person does causes him shame. So
jucu \tyew, *I am ashamed to speak and so do not';
fjLcu \tyw, ' I speak but am ashamed of it '.
84 HECUBA.
553. TTppo0T]<rav a metaphor from the grating of the
shingle on the beach when the sea is strong.
[555, 6. ot 8' WS...TJV KpaTos probably an interpolation
based upon the Homeric 6ov Kparos tvri /u^ytfror, being tame,
and ovirep misplaced.]
558. ' She seized her robes and rent them from the top
of the shoulder to the middle of the waist by the navel '.
560. Every man in the audience could recall some ex-
quisite statue. The comparison was frequent. Plato Charmid.
154 c, ciXXa Trdvres tiairep dya\/j.a ede&vro avrov. Aesch. Ag.
242, Trpirov(ra cos ev ypa<f>cus.
562. TXi]fj.ovOTaTov ' bravest'. According to their con-
text, words from root TAA have an active or passive meaning.
564. irata-ov ' strike now '. More emphatic than Trcue
would have been.
564. avx^v * neck '.
565. XaijAds ' throat ', * gullet '.
566. Cf. Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, Act 2, So. 1,
* at war 'twixt will and will not '.
567. * Cuts with his steel the channels of her breath ', i. e.
her windpipe. Southey's ' the tube which draws the breath of
life '.
568. Kpovvol sc. ai*uaros. ical 0v. ojxws a strong expres-
sion; such thoughts would not be expected in death.
569. vcrxTJ(Acos a7ra Xey. formed from e&rxTjyUos. Cf.
Ovid, Fasti 2. 833, turn quoque iam moriens ne non procumbat
honeste \ respicit : Tiaec etiam cura cadentis erat.
570. Cobet objects to the line as marring the grace of the
passage. It is however copied by Ovid, M. 13. 479, turn quoque
cura fuit paries velare tegendas, \ cum caderet t castique decus
servare pudoris.
Kpvrrmv takes two accusatives, Goodwin, 164.
571. d^TJKc TTV. 'had given up the ghost', the Greek
idiom takes the aorist where we prefer the pluperfect.
574. <j>vXXois ^p. 'covered with leaves'. 0uXXoj9oX/a,
decking with leaves, whether in life for having won in the
games, or after death in token of love or respect, ot 8^ irX.
' while others heap up the funeral pile, bringing pine logs '.
s short, thick log [/ce/pw, ' lop '].
NOTES. 85
576. ToiaS* TJKOVCV Kaicd 'was addressed with such re-
proaches as these'. Cf. Alk. 704, el 5' r/^as /ca/cws cpeis,
dKovaei TroXXd KOV \l/ev$ri /ca/ca. Hor. Sat. 2. 6. 20, matutine
pater, sen lane libentior audis.
578. Thuc. 3. 58 (speech of the Plataeans). * Look at the
sepulchres of your fathers, whom slain by Medes and buried in
our land, we were wont yearly to honour at the public expense
ivith garments and all other due rites'. Verg. Aen. 6. 221,
purpureasque super vestes, vetamina nota, | coniciunt.
579. t from e2/xi, ibo> irepunrd neut. pi. used adver-
bially.
580. Xe-yco is Heath's correction of the MS. readin
or X^WP, from which no satisfactory meaning can be got.
[583628. Cho. There is a doom of the gods against the
house of Priam. Hecuba. Daughter, thy nobleness softens
my sorrow at thy fate. Is virtue inborn or can it be taught ?
Bid the Greeks not touch my daughter's corpse. Aged hand-
maid, go to the sea to fetch some lustral water, I will go to the
tents to see if there be alight to honour the dead withal.]
583. iire'tco-c 'hath surged up against*. English has to
change both tense and metaphor, as we do not speak of evil
boiling over against us. Upia)x8ais 'the house of Priam' :
patronymics are often loosely used.
584. dva-yKcuov 0<3v ' a doom of the gods '. Cf. Soph.
Aj. 485, TTJS dvayKaias r^x^s, ' the fate-doomed lot.' II. 16. 836,
rifjiap dvayKcuov, ' the day of doom '.
586. a\|/co|jicu ' touch upon '.
587. irapaKaXct ' calls me aside ', a frequent meaning of
irapa in composition.
588. 8id8oxos K. K. ' adding new in succession to former
evils '. Suppl. 71, crywj' o5' aXXos px erai ybwv yoois \ 5id5o%os.
589. 'And now I could not wipe out thy fate from my
heart so far as not to lament it'. The order is rather in-
verted.
591. roXCav 'excess ', i.e. of grief. It is worthy of note
how the Greeks utilised their neuter ; here supply arevew from
the context.
592. * Is it not then strange that poor soil if it meet with
a good season at the hand of the gods brings forth corn
86 HECUBA.
abundantly, and fruitful soil, should it miss what it ought to
have met with, gives a poor crop; while in men at all times
the corrupt is nothing but bad, and the noble noble, nor
through mishap does he spoil his nature, but is ever excellent?'
595. dvOpwirms ' as regards men', usually iv dvQpuirois.
[Some editors read eV pporoh by conjecture.]
598. 8i<|>0ip Gnomic aorist used to express a habit.
Cf. Eur. Suppl. 227, 6 Oebs diuXecrev, 'is wont to destroy'.
Hor. Od. 1. 34, Fortuna sustulit. Goodwin, 205. [Here as
elsewhere, Eur. sins against good taste in putting a rhetorical
harangue on the subject cl didaKrbv rj aperrj (a question discussed
in the Meno of Plato, the decision being that it could if there
were competent teachers) into the mouth of a mother mourn-
ing over the loss of her daughter.]
599. ' Is it the parents who make the difference or the
bringing up?' The article before reKbvres does duty also for
rpo^at. [Or 'have the parents more weight than 1 &c. The
construction 5t.a<j>tpw rj is found.]
600. 'Yet even to have been well brought up involves
teaching of good '. ye ^VTOL often come together in Sophokles
and Euripides, ye? rot TI (of some editions) never.
602. Kavovt TOV KaXov 'a standard of right'. jxaOtiv
'having learnt it'. [Person suggests yuer/jco^, ' estimating it ',
which appears unnecessary.]
603. i.e. 'these things will bring me no surcease of sorrow'.
604. <rv 8' spoken to Talthybius; 'take to the A. this
message, that they'.
605. n<n Ethic dative, G. 184. 3, note 2. cl'p-yiv
shut out', dpyew, ' shut in', ace. to Eustathius [fl. A.D. 1150]
followed by Lobeck, &c. Others, however, e.g. Bekker, always
read e'tpyew in Attic.
606. rfjs ircuSos gen. of separation after etpyew. G.
174.
T0l the usual particle in gnomes and so preferable to yap,
which has also less MS. authority. jx-upCo) 'countless', akin
to Lat. multus.
607. ' The lawlessness of the sailors blazes fiercer than
fire'. Euripides gives a side-blow at democracy which was
intimately connected with the sea. Aristotle talks of the vav-
os as the scum of the population, Pol. 7. 5. Kpeio-crwv
NOTES. 87
cf. Soph. Oed. Tyr. 176, Kpeicro-ov d/xcu/xa/c^rot; TTU/DOS, 'more
quick than furious fire '.
608. (JL-q not ou, because it supplies a reason, qui non
faciat.
610. trovrias dXos 'some salt sea water', partitive gen.
611. After death an obol (about three-halfpence) was put
in the mouth as ferry money for Charon ; then the body was
washed, anointed and dressed in a fine robe by the female
attendants.
612. Polyxena was betrothed to Achilles and so not a irap-
Ofros: but not a bride, and so dVu^^os. There is probably
a side reference of betrothal to Hades. [This placing side by
side of opposite words is called oxymoron: cf. Tennyson, 'His
honour rooted in dishonour stood, and faith unfaithful kept
him falsely true'.]
613. TTpoewficu ' lay out'. When decorated (611 n.) the
corpse was laid out on a bed, often out of doors, the object of
this formal irpoBeais being to make sure that there had been no
foul play and that death had really taken place. After the
body had lain there for a day (i.e. 48 hours after death) burial
took place.
'According to her deserts how can I? I cannot; but (so will
I do it) as I am able'. She will consult not her wishes but her
means.
614. rL -yap ird0o>; 'what must I content myself with?'
differs from ri yap 8pu in containing an idea of circumstances
out of her control.
615. KOCTJI.OV 'decorations '.
616. &r 'within', a sense usually borne by evros.
617. T. vcwcrrl Sco-rroTas 'our lately acquired masters'.
For -TL cf. jULeyaXucrri, 6vo^<jri. Goodwin, 129. 18.
618. K\[ifAa a curious word for Hecuba to use, even
though all they had belonged to their masters. Nauck suggests
Ae?,u/za, 'remnant', or /cr^ytta, 'possession'.
619. <3 crx^VaT' OIKWV '0 stately halls'. The same
periphrasis occurs Alk. 911.
620. '0 Priam, possessor of many and most excellent
things, most blessed in thy children'. [Kirchhoff reads with
the best MS. w TT\. %u' K. /cei/re/cpwrare. Person, c3 TT\. x a "'*
E. H. 7
88 HECUBA.
/cdXAicrrd r' etre/o/wrare, joining the two superlatives, with
which cf. ^JLO-TOV ex#i<rr?7 Med. 1323, maxime liberalissima
Cicero, most highest Ps. xxi. 7 (P. Bk.).]
622. cSs 'how', els r6 jxT]8ev 'to nought', also without
the article. Soph. El. 1000, /cdvrt wtv fyxrcu.
623. * Kobbed of our former pride; and forsooth are puffed
up', &c.
elra STJTO, strongly sarcastic. oYKovjxcOa Aristoph. Wasps
1024, dyK&aai rb <pp6vrj}J.a.
626. 'Yet they (wealth and honour) are but nothing,
merely'.
628. * That man is happiest who day by day chances upon
no ill'. Ennius, quoted by Cic. de Fin. 2. 13, nimium bonist \
cui nil malist. Plato, Philebus 43 D, ' Is then the absence of
pain the same as pleasure?' KO.T' rjp.ap also /ca0' lymepav.
[629656. Second Stasimon (cf. 444 note). ' the fatal
pine with which Paris made him a ship in which to sail to
Helen's bed. Then began woe for Ilion, ay and for many a
Spartan maid who mourning tears her cheek '. With this cho-
rus may be compared Horace, Odes 1. 15.]
629. \pT}v=Xprji> : noticeable as one of the very few words
which in Attic can drop their augment.
631. Ida a range in Mysia, S.E. of Troy, from which in
Homer the gods watched the Trojan war. ' Many fountained
Ida ' was famed for the * dark tall pines that plumed the craggy
ledge | high over the blue gorge' (Tennyson, Oenone). So Ay-
toun, ' On the holy mount of Ida | where the pine and cypress
grow '.
632. 'AXe'lavSpos i.e. Paris; his usual name in Homer.
The accounts of him are widely inconsistent. On the one hand
he is the valiant 'protector of men' ('AAe-cwd/oos), a kind of
Eomulus among the shepherds; on the other (e.g. in Horace,
Od. 1. 15) the effeminate adulterer.
633. 6Ta|X0' = erd/iero from T^/XJ/W.
4ir' olSjJia the ace. implies going on to and sailing on the
swelling flood.
635. 'EXcVrj wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta. Cf. Ten-
nyson's Dream of Fair Women, 'At length I saw a lady within
call, | stiller than chiselled marble, standing there ; | a daughter
NOTES. 89
of the gods divinely tall, | and most divinely fair. 1 Her love-
liness with shame and with surprise | froze my swift speech :
she turning on my face | the star-like sorrows of immortal
eyes, | spoke slowly in her place. | I had great beauty; ask
thou not my name: | no one can be more wise than destiny: |
many drew swords. I died. Where'er I came | I brought
calamity '.
636. Tdv = ^V.
639. dvcryKat 'dooms' of the gods, especially slavery.
Cf. ava.yKa.1ov Ue&v, 584 note.
640. Kctv6v...l8tas one man's sin, many men's suffering.
The antithesis is rhetorical and occurs again 902, 3. KOWOV in
grammar qualifies /ca/coV, in sense also <rv/ji(f>opd.
641. ZI|AOIS contracted Sc^oCs, rises in Gargarus, a peak
of Ida, and iiows N.W. into the Hellespont (Dardanelles).
643. #X\wv 'strangers', those who were other than
Trojans. [Or = ' from the gods '.]
644. Eris, not being invited to the wedding of Thetis and
Peleus, avenged herself by casting a golden apple among the
goddesses with this inscription, ' For the fairest '. Hera, Athene
and Aphrodite each claimed it, and the case was put before the
young herdsman Paris, who adjudged it to Aphrodite; with
what fatal result is known to all.
av (a) Kp. -iratSas dv=rjv is cognate ace. [or the double
accusative is similar to Aesch. Ag. 813 5, 6eoi...'I\lov <j>0opas...
\j/r}(f>OVS 0VTO.]
645. [laKctpiov ircuSas cf. a similar circumlocution, 930,
7rcuc)es 'EXAaj'wj'.
647. errl 8opl 'with the outcome of the spear', &c. Cf.
Here. Fur. 881, e-rrl Xc6/3ct. Aesch. Sept. 878, doftw em Au^tf. 822.
649. TIS collective.
650. Eurotas the river on which Sparta stood: note the
alliteration in evpoov Evpdorav.
651. AaKcuva fern, of Aa/cwv: so Xtuv, X<?cuj>cr Oepanwv,
Qepa-rraiva. [An allusion is very possibly meant to be under-
stood to the capture of 292 Spartan hoplites at Sphakteria, 120
of them of the highest birth, by the Athenians. This brilliant
exploit was due to Demosthenes, B.C. 425. Cf. Thuc. 4. 1 41.]
655. SpviTTW \/5pv(j>. Cf. dptiru, 4 I pluck'.
90 HECUBA.
'To ine was it fated that calamity, to me was it fated that
suffering should come, when first Alexandros hewed him the
pine-log of Ida to sail o'er the ocean wave to the bed of Helen,,
fairest of all on whom doth shine the golden sun. For toils
and dooms stronger than toils encircle us. And a common
evil sprung from one man's folly came fraught with death to
the land of Simois, and calamity from strangers. And the strife
was decided in which on Ida the herdsman judged the three
daughters of the blessed gods with the outcome of war and of
slaughter and of the ruin of my dwellings. And at home
beside the fair-flowing Eurotas there weeps many a Laconian
maid all bathed in tears ; and the mother, her children dead,
lays hand on her hoary head, dabbling her finger-nail in the
bloody rendings of her cheek '.
658904. Third Episode. [The discovery of the body of
the murdered Polydorus. Agam. enters to enquire the reason
of Hecuba's delay in burying her daughter, and H. , after a long
debate in her mind, appeals to him on behalf of her son for
: vengeance upon the treacherous prince of Thrace. Agam.
demurs at first, half afraid of the view which the Greek army
might take of any action against their ally ; H. pleads that at
any rate he will prevent any rescue, and she will take the
vengeance into her own hands.]
[658 725. Enter an aged female attendant, who had goro
to fetch water to wash Polyx.'s body, with the corpse of Poly-
dorus. H., supposing it to be Polyx.'s, asks why it has been
brought. As she receives no answer, her idea is that it may be
Kasandra's. The body is uncovered, and H., in her lament,
lets fall an expression which provokes the question, ' Did you
know of this before?' She goes on to ask how and in what
state the corpse was found, and cries that her visions have
proved true. Then the Chor. asks, ' Can your wisdom of dreams
tell the murderer? ' 'Yes', H. at once replies, 'it is the Thraciau
prince', and she bursts into an indignant protest against the
violation of hospitality and the sin of mutilation.]
659. 0T]Xvv <nrop. cf. TO 6fj\v yfros, 885. Adjectives in
-us are often of only two terminations. "Hp?; 6ij\vs <:oO<ra, II.
9}5us aiJTfjLri, Odys., rjfj.t<Teos ^e/ms, Thuc.
660. KdKots V 'in sorrows, wherein'. Herm.'s correction
for the abrupt /caKon?>, which is a dative of reference, denoting
the aspect in which the subject shows itself, the ace. of ref.
being used to denote a part of the subject itself. crre'(J>avov
NOTES. 91
'prize' (lit. garland of the victor at games). Cf. Wordsworth,
Sonnets,
111 Most ivretched one!"
Who chose his epitaph? Himself alone
Could thus have dared the grave to agitate
And claim among the dead this awful crown! 9
661. 'How ! wretch, with thy ill-tongned clamour ! for thy
doleful messages are never quiet.' For construction cf. 211,
783. The gen. is after the analogy of the gen. of ref. with verbs
of emotion.
664. v<j>iijx. o-Tojxa 'to have good-omened words in their
mouth', CTTQ/U. is ace. of ref.: the phrase) like favete linguis,
comes to mean silence, as though abstinence from speech were
the best form of good-omened talk.
665. 86|j,. virep 'from within'. MSS. vary between this
(which Schol. interprets e7re/ceti/a) and UTTO and dVo. There is
also a conjecture Trdpos. See 53 n.
668. 'No more thou livest, though thou seest the light'.
This is justified by the punctuation, and is more vigorous than
el /3\&rowa=j8X6rs. Cf. Tennyson, 'in more of life true life
no more'.
670. * Thou sayest nothing new, but thy reproach has
fallen on one who knows'. The plural is used rather vaguely.
H. thinks that the attendant alludes to the death of Polyxena.
672. ' Whose burial was reported as being busily prepared
at the hand of all the Achaeans'. airr]Yy4XOi| verbs seldom
have more than one aor. in regular use. diniyyt\7), which some
MSS. read in Eur., is not an Attic form. TCI(|>OS nearly=ra0?7.
8td X Ps =per. <nrou8. g\iv = awovda^eo-dai.
674. ' She knows nothing [spoken aside], but mourns, woe's
me, for Polyxena'. |xoi Eth. dat.
676. |juov (ftr), ovv) like num, expects answer 'no'. ' Surely
thou art not ? '
677. Kcur. Kapa an expansion of Kaadvdpav like caput in
Lat. for ' person ' : often regard or affection is expressed, as w
' Kapa ' dear brother'. See 724 n.
678. 4 Thy loud lament is for one who lives'. Xacncw
only used in poetry and always of loud ringing or crashing or
tearing sound; it implies therefore loud talking. For the turn
92 HECUBA.
of the phr. equiv. to ire pi with a gen. cf. Alk. 141, /cat &<ra.v
clireiv /cat Oavovcrav e-cm <JQI.
679. yufiveoO^v The attendant uncovers the corpse; that it
was not naked we see from 734.
680. el 'whether', i.e. 'to see if. eXir. 'expectations',
like spes sometimes in Lat.
682. ol'Kois domi, poetic dat. of place. Goodwin, 190.
683. oviceV l|j,l 81) * now is my life o'er '.
685 7. ' I begin a frenzied strain with recent knowledge
of woes sent by an avenger', tca/rapx- usually with gen,, has
ace. also in Or. 960, /carapxo/^cu aTevay^ov. aXcurT. (a, \/\a6)
one who does not forget wrong, and so an avenging deity, used
with and without datpw. The ref. here is a general one, and
not to the ghost of Polydorus. KaKiBv (for which vtov is con-
jectured by Pors.) is gen. of object after adjective compounded
with a trans, verb. So 235, Kapdias 5rjKri]pia = d ddwei rrjv
Kapdiav.
688. -yelp 'why?' 'what?' Lat. quid enim.
691. 'No day shall stay me from my groans and tears'.
This old variant is adopted by Matthiae, who also reads rjfjLap
/JL\ If the adjectives be read in the nom. the force of eirlax^^
will be ' come upon me', 'dawn'.
696. 0vrj<rKis = ^apes. Kcicrai so iaceo. Ov. Her. 3. 106,
qui bene pro patria cum patriaque iacent.
698. viv for ace. see 5 In.
699. 'A waif upon the level sand, a victim of the murderous
spear', ir^on^jjia exactly =cadaver: Xcvpa connected with Xetos,
levis, Engl. level.
701. ' Cast him up from the sea'. Hdt. 1. 24, rov dt 5e\0?m
X^T overt vTroXafiovra t^eveiKai. eiri TcuWpop.
702. fyiaOov 'I perceive*, irap^a 'went by', and so * es-
caped'.
706. av refers back to o\|/tv.
708. Aiis cv <[>ai 'light of day'. Cf. Hor. sub love, sub
divo ; 458 n.
709. dvtp<5<|>pwv ' by thy dream-wisdom', with a touch of
sarcasm.
NOTES. 03
711. v' * with whom' [or * where', for Thrace is suggested
by the word 6/577*10$, as in Audr. 652, ovcav ^v 'HirapuTiv, ov
712. 'Alas, what art thou about to say?' ^xil so kest
MSS. See 27 n. The variant 2%ot would leave the permanence
of the result uncertain.
714. dvwvo'jji. 'a deed without a name', Shakespeare,
Macbeth.
715. ov8' dvKTcl 'and not to be borne'. A hint at ven-
geance. TTOV 8iK. (JVv; 'where is the sense of right towards
guests?' [or 'sense of right in hosts'], according as we consider
fruv obj. or subj. gen.
716. * most accursed of men, how hast thou hacked' [or
'mutilated']. A partitive gen. with positive adj. often virtually
equals a superl. Alk. 472, J <f>i\a ywaiKwv.
720. WKTICTW So the two best MSS., others yKTiaas.
722. 'Whoever he be that presses on thee'. i.e. the
oXcurrwp.
724. ' However, since I see the form of Agam.', &c. dXXd
ydp often separated by one word when a new comer is an-
nounced, e.g. Soph. Ant. 155, dXV S5e yap 5i) /3acriXei>s...xwper.
'A-yap.. Se'fxas, so Or., 'Epfubvys W/iaT=s < $/jyLUOi'Jp'. Iph. Aul.,
rovfjibv 5tfjLas = jui,t: but 5^as also has a special force like Lat.
idiom used six times in Verg. (virum) corpora. See 677 n.
[726 785. Agam. appears and chides H. for her delay in
burying her daughter ; he sees the body lying and asks what
Trojan it is. Then H. debates in along 'aside' whether she
shall tell Agam. and ask his help, without which she can effect
nothing or bear her troubles in silence. She decides to speak.
Agam. asks if she seeks a life of freedom. 'No', answers she,
' I could live a slave all my life for vengeance sake'. She then
points to the body and tells him it is her son's, who was sent
to Polymestor's care.]
726. (i\\. 'delayest'.
727. ' On such terms as T. made known to me, that no
Argive should lay hand on thy maid '. See 604.
729. JJL^V ovv 'well then'. uG|Av...\|/avop.V This is the
excellent conj. of Nauck; it gets rid of the final cretic in
\l/a.6on&, and the addition of the irnpf. for ecD ( ae^ makes the
grammar more consistent.
94 HECUBA.
731. 'I have come therefore (S) to fetch thee away; for
matters yonder have been well done, if aught of these things be
right'. Gk. KO.\OV approaches our sense of 'duty'. TT!V KaXws
not so common as ^x iv i n this conn., but cf. 532. Soph.
Ant. 637 (MS. reading), d^ws tarai. Hcl. 1293, /caXws a*/ en?.
733. ga 'ha'.
734. Tor that he is not an Argive'. 'Apyctov this is
nearest to reading of best MS. 'Apydoi, which can only be
rendered 'his lion- Argive dress ' There is a variant 'ApyeLuv
'one of the Argives', like Iph, T. 1207, <TWJ> rt /xot ev^ne^
OTrad&v.
736. H. speaks aside to 752. Agam. is meanwhile amazed,
then angry at it. ' thou poor Hecuba ay, I speak of myself
when I speak of thee what shall I do ? ' 8pd<ro> follows the s"ense
rather than the strict grammar, dpdaeis would have been more
natural. [The Schol. and Herm. wrongly thought that dvar^
was an appeal to Polydorus, comparing Or. 553, tyavTov, ty
\{yw | /ca/cws e/ceiV^i/, eepw.J
737, 8. irpoo-ir<rw...<|)^pco conj. delib.
739. 'Having turned thy back upon my face'.
740. 'But dost not state the fact, who this is'. 6Vris would
be more regular. Svpei The v is long, and so the reading
ddvpei cannot stand. We find kindred forms /xopyu/
742. av...dv The double a? (read by the best MSS.) is
by some edds, considered too emphatic in so short a sentence,
and they consequently omit the last, or, with Brunck, change
the first into au. Herm. explains by /cat irpos ai> dXyrjaatfJLev &v t
but dv can qualify only verbs.
743. *Know that I am not*, rot, sententious, as usual.
744. 686v 'drift'. The metaphor is more drawn out
Soph. 0. T. 68, TroXXds 5' o5oi)s eXdovra (ppovridos TT\OLVOLS.
745. *Do I take count of his feelings too much by the
standard of enmity, while enemy he is not?' y an< * K k tn
add emphasis. Nauck conjectures a/>' ev \oyif6fjL<r&a.
748. 4s ravr6v 'thou dost but agree with me'. Supply
cfjLol, and in next clause after e^w, /3ouX(ytcu.
750. ' Why revolve I this ? '
752. Tv8 -yowdTwv This gen. of appeal (which Pors.
governs by irpos understood) may be put under the head of causal
NOTES. 95
gen. Goodwin, 173. Other Ionic forms found in tragedy are
/LIOUJ/OS, otfpo^ua, /coupos, dovpl, etVos, ipos. Inferior MSS. add many
more.
755. 0<r0ai 'to get thy life made free'. Pflugk can hardly
be right in taking this as advice to H. to commit suicide'.
7568. Omitted in best MSS. Tijuop 'if I take ven-
geance', conditional use of the participle.
758. Kcd 8-q 'well then', 'even so'=/ac ita esse. rCv* els
cir. 'to give what help?'
759. ovSh' a kind of accus. of reference in connection
with cTrdpKeaiv [or /xacrrei;w, 'I ask for', may be supplied.]
760. 'For whom I let the tear-drop fall'. KaTcurrd^w
used differently in 241. [Notice the break in crnxo^vdia, i.e.
the arrangement of lines by which in rapid dialogue each
speaker replies in the same number of lines as the questioner
has used. Herm. conjectures that some remark of Agam. has
fallen out between 759 and 760.]
761. The sequel, however'.
762. ' Him I once brought forth and bare in my womb ',
lit. 'beneath my girdle'. A similar example of irpuOvo-repov
occurs El. 969, TTWS yap KTOLVU viv r\ /u' Z6pe\f/e K&reKev ;
766. 'Yes, but without profit, as it seems', -yc qualifies
trcKov supplied from 765.
767. 'Where was he as it fell out?' The idea is of coin-
cidence rather than of chance. TnroXis, metri gratia, as in
Epic. Cf. 7r6Xe/m, TrroXe/xos.
768. opp. 0aviv w 6a.veiv would be more usual.
771. noX-ujAtjo-Tcop attracted into rel. clause ; so Hipp. 101,
rrjvd* ij TroXcucri acus (j>&Tr)Kei> KUTT/HS. This is called inverse
attraction and is found also in Lat. e.g. Verg. A en. 1. 573,
urbem quam statuo vestra est.
772. VTcu)0' = both illic and illuc. 'In charge of most
cruel gold'. This may be a transferred epithet as irucp. should
here properly belong to Polymestor. Cf. Verg. A en. 1. 355,
crudeles aras.
774. TVOS -y* 'why, at whose hand else?' Elmsley would
change ye into 5 on the ground that ye cannot occur in a
question, and Pors. reads rtVos irpbs aXXou ;
775. -ij irov ' I suppose he lusted to get gold'.
96 HECUBA.
776. TOICIVT' 'even so'. Aristoph. has ravra in same
sense.
780. o>'xTo virtually plupf . * She was gone to fetch '.
782. OaXcwrcro'irXa'yKTov "yc 'yes, to be tossed on the sea,
as thou beholdest'. The adj. is used proleptically , i.e. it anti-
cipates the result of the action of the verb.
783. <rxT\ta [V"X e which also appears in parts of %w].
There is a double notion of wretch and wretchedness in the
word. For gen. see 661 n.
784. * I am undone and nought of evil remains untried'.
785. 6. 8vo-Tvx'i 5 jS...Tvx T lv for a kindred play on words cf.
Milton, Paradise Lost, Bk. 2, 'surer to prosper than prosperity',
and Trabea, quoted by Cic. Tusc. disp. 4. 31, fortunam ipsani
anteibo fortunis meis. Ter. Adelph. 761, ipsa si cupiat salus \
servare prorsus non potest hanc familiam.
[786 845. H. appeals to Agam. 'Hear and help me:
this man was my most familiar guest-friend (fros) and has
violated all rights of hospitality. I indeed am myself weak,
but the gods are strong and the principle or law on which they
act. This now devolves on you to carry out. 0, have pity!
contrast my former state with my present forlornness. What,
will you go from me? Oh! why are we not taught persuasion's
art as everything beside? I have no hope: my children are
gone, my city burned. Then, too, I would urge the argument
of love : this dead boy is your relation, since you have wedded
Kasandra. for a voice in every part of me to plead my
cause: help, help me, 'tis a noble man's part'.]
786. &TTIV 'exists'. Observe position of the accent.
Xfyois 'unless thou shouldst mention'. Xyets of some MSS.
puts the idea rather more definitely.
787. OVVCK' 'on account of. &e/ta usually follows its
case: MSS. vary between ouVe/ca and eiW/ca: most modern edi-
tors prefer the former.
788. So-ia denotes the divine spirit of equity which over-
rides rb dUatov.
789. o-Tpy. av ' I will be content'.
790. dv8p&s used much as French Monsieur le, &c. So
Ajax uses it of his bitterest foe Hektor, where (says Jebb) the
word gives a certain tone of distance and aversion to the men-
tion of a well-known but hated name.
NOTES. 97
793 sqq. ' Though he had oft shared my board with me
and in count of hospitality was in the first rank of my friends
yet, though he had got all that was proper and had received
all consideration', &c. Vv. 794, 5 are perhaps spurious: there
is a great deal of unnecessary repetition in them and they are
open to two objections, (1) TVX^V governs an ace. unless -n-pwra
be taken adverbially. Musgrave suggested &i>ia r\ dona hos-
pita.Ua. (2) Some participle seems required. Hence Porson
well conjectured Trpuros dv.
795. irpojATjOtav some see here a reference to 1137, * having
taken full forethought,' but the true sense seems to be that
which is given above, as more in harmony with the rest of
what H. says [or, ' when he had got all that was needful (for
Polydorus) and had taken him in charge ' a doubtful sense of
Trpou,ij0iav\. Variants are irpoiJuo-Qlav (Musgrave), irpoOv^lav
(Herm.).
796, 7. P.'s crime was aggravated by his treatment of the
corpse: for an unburied shade wandered about on the banks
of the Styx and could get no rest for 100 years. Verg. Aen.
6. 324.
798. iikv ovv 'then', 'to sum up'. I'oxos idiomatically
used as in English, though no doubt is expressed.
799 sq. Every interpretation of this passage is attended
with difficulties, so that little more can be done than to give a
list of the more reasonable explanations. The passage hinges
on the meaning of the ambiguous word VO/JLOS, which may be
'principle', 'law', 'custom'; its meaning being to some extent
determined by Pindar's saying VO/JLOS 6 TT&VTWV /3a<7iAeus.
(i.) 'But the gods are strong and so is law which con-
trols them, a law by which we deem the gods to be, whereby
we live with our views of right and wrong defined : and should
this law, when it has been referred to thee, be set at nought',
&c. The vopos in this case will be some high principle supe-
rior even to the gods themselves, not unlike 'Avdytcr) of which
Eur. Alk. 978 says, Kal yap Zet>s 6'rt vevay \ vvv crot rovro re-
\evrf.
(ii.) VOJJLOS = ' law ', in its more usual sense. Eur. then
says that law is superior to the gods because the state coulcl
dictate who should and who should not be worshipped. So-
crates was condemned, we know, because he was accused of
disallowing the state-gods, (iii.) If we substitute ' convention '
98 HECUBA.
for 'law' we have tlie sophistic theory which Eur. is generally
supposed to have held. This is Paley's view.
(iv.) A schol. takes a somewhat different view. ' The
gods are strong and their law which rules men : for we think
that by law the gods (rule)'. Then Hec. implies that Agam.
as administrator of justice is for the time being in the place of
the gods.
801. c5pur[xvoi. This may be passive or middle, see 114 n.
<3p.v little more than ecrfiev.
804. lpct...<f>epiv 'violate', metaph. from carrying off
plunder. Sacrilege is out of place in connexion with P.'s
crime, except in so far as %evia violated would be a sin, or
religious offence, so that perhaps a reference is intended to
some contemporary event. [Ipos, connected with Sanskrit
ishira, means 'sound', 'fresh', 'strong', as we see in relation
to 97/uap, 6pppos, KV/J.O., ,uei/os. The meaning ' sacred' arises from
the fact that nothing blemished or unsound could be offered to
the gods.]
806. 4v a'wrxpw 0{i. 'regarding these things as disgrace-
ful ', so iv /caA< ridcadoLL is used.
807. ws YP a ^- ' as a painter stand off and look upon me
and scan the miseries which I endure'. A painter would get a
better idea of a picture as a whole by standing away from it.
810. ofara substituted by way of variety for fjv.
812. ' Whither stealthily (UTTO) withdrawest thou thy foot
from me?' Agam. makes a movement to go. The phrase =
0eiryw and so governs an ace. Person's rendering quo me cogis
te sequi is forced, and Musgrave's wot /ierefcryas has no au-
thority.
813. * I seem likely to accomplish nought '. -rrpd^iv the
fut. (not pres.) inf. is usual after pofaopai, i>7R0-x"<:o,ucu and
other verbs in which the object of the expectation ( wish, hope,
&c.) is something future.
817. Is T\OS 'to perfection', a sense conveyed in its deri-
vative rfreios.
818. tv' fy ( = if}v) ' in which case it were in our power'.
This is Elmsley's conjecture for iV ^ of some MSS. and is
perhaps the original reading of the best MS. It is an in-
stance of the peculiar usage with final conjunctions (iva, ws, oVws)
which are followed by past tense of indie, where the conse-
NOTES. 99
quence is in fact an impossible one. Cf. Hipp. 647, IV e?xo"
pofffiuveiv TIVCL.
820. TIS meaning herself, as we use 'one*. See David
Copperfield, chap. 24. " I observed that he always spoke of
himself indefinitely as 'a man' and seldom or never in the first
person singular... 'a man might get on very well here', &c."
IXirfcrai, Attic writers usually adopted the Aeolic forms 0-ems,
crete in 2nd and 3rd sing.; but we find dpTrctXurcu, Xtat (Aesch.),
dXyvvais (Soph.), /cricrcu (Eur.), aKovaais, (firjaais (Plato).
821. ol fj.h> -yelp 6'vTS 'for my former sins.' So the best
MSS. for which Weil proposes TTOT' 6vtes and many editors
Toffovroi after later MSS., which perhaps suggests as the true
reading ol yv r6r'.
822. 'And I myself with shame perish a captive of the
spear', err! implies the conditions: slavery involves menial
and degrading services.
823. TO vSc 'yonder'.
824. Kal pr^v introduces a fresh plea 'And look you
although this perchance is a vain part of my appeal the plea
of love, to wit'.
825. clfyijarerai '} 7 et it shall be spoken'. The fut. perf.
has often no perf. signification, especially in defective verbs.
827. ' K. the inspired, for so the Phrygians style her'.
KacravSpo. this emendation for Kacrdvdpav proposed by Herm.
is very good, for it is idle to say that the Phrygians called her
Kasandra, unless indeed she had both a Trojan and Greek
name, as Alexander and Paris, Pyrrhus and Neoptolemus.
828. 'In what way, sire, I ask (5?}ra), wilt thou acknow-
ledge thy nights of joy, or shall my daughter have any benefit
of her sweetest wifely caresses, or I of her?' x^P tv merely
evvoiCLv, and the sense is that, marriage being a close con-
nexion, H. would expect to get some benefit from the re-
lationship.
831, 2. Spurious. TTCLVV says Pors. is rare in tragedy,
and Pflugk shows that r&v VVKT. TT. 0. must be taken together,
and then no sense results. [Nauck reads vKTpi)ffiwv.]
835. ' One thing yet my speech doth lack '.
836. \! JJLOI -yv. < would that I had ', an elliptical form
like et yap, eWe, to express a wish. So si in Lat.
100 HECUBA.
837. Kojiauri Musgr. objects that mourners shaved their
heads, and that so the word is inappropriate : but the remark
applies rather to hired mourners than to the queenly Hecuba.
He suggested /copcucrt, * pupils of the eyes', and even Kvypaurt,
which is singularly inelegant.
iroSwv pd<Ti = Troal 5t' wi> patvit).
838. AcuSdXou the recognised master of clever en-
gineering and mechanical appliance, and of architecture and
statuary. His sculptures seemed to move and speak: thus
Eur. fragm. Eurysth. rd AcuSaXeta Trdrra Kivefodai So/cet | (3\{7reu>
T ayaKpaP ' w5' dvrjp /cet^os cro(f>6s.
839. s %\oiTo 1 *h at weeping in concert they might cling
to thy knees, urging all manner of pleadings '. I^GITO, better
than ?x LVTO > f two g ooc l MSS., for where objects introduced
by a neut. plur. are regarded as a united whole (and bpaprr)
here combines them) a singular verb is used.
842. irapcwrxcs almost all MSS irdpaffxe, which is admissible
in compounds, as /carcurxe, H. Fur. 1210, though the simple verb
always has <TX&.
843. ' Although she be nought'.
844. ' 'Tis the part of a good man ', possessive gen. Good-
win, 169.
846 sqq. The Chor. comments on the irony of fate which
makes Hec. appeal for help to a notorious enemy against her
former friend. ' Wonder indeed how with men all things clash,
and how their closest ties are determined by laws of circum-
stance which make their deadliest foes their friends !' vo|xoi
we have a parallel in Bacch. 484 ol vbjjioi. 8 didcpopot. Musgrave's
alteration xp VOL > though it simplifies matters, is not necessary.
dvdyKas, any tie of affection, or even=Lat. necessitudo. Suop.
is the gnomic aorist.
[850 904. Agam. expresses his deep pity and says that
be would gladly help her but he is not a free agent : the army
regard Polym. as a friend, and he cannot afford to come into
ill odour with them. Hec. makes a reflection that no man
is quite free; he is hampered by considerations of chance, or
money, or multitude, or law. She asks Agam. at least to
restrain any assistance from the Greeks, and she will do tfye
rest. How ? asks Agam. H. replies that she has many Trojan
dames at hand to help, and cites the Lemnian affair and the
murder by the Danaids as instances of women's power. She
NOTES. 101
then sends an attendant to summon Polymestor and his
children, and Agam. expresses his good wishes for the result.]
850. creGev^crou in Attic as well as Epic. Some gram-
marians class this as a sixth case, meaning 'from', as oi'/co0ej>,
'A6r)V7}0i>.
851. * I regard with pity '. Similarly di ol'/crou Xa/iJetj',
Suppl. 194. 81 alffxwv *x * T - 6B3.
854. <|>avhi y. 'If in any way it should appear possible
for thy plan to succeed, and for me to avoid appearing to the
army to have planned this death against the king of Thrace
for K.'s sake '. The opt. expresses A's doubt as to the possibility
of keeping the matter secret. The re should stand strictly
after <pa.v. or else py 3o|ai/u be changed to e^ re errparcj ^77 56|cu.
[The best writers are often careless about particular words,
thinking of the adjustment of the whole.]
857. &TTIV tj. ' there is one point '. Zcrnv often combines
with a relative ^adverb to form a fresh adverb, tanv iva, 6're,
* sometimes', ' often '. So in Lat. est ubi = interdum.
859. ' If yonder man is friend of mine, this is a private
matter, and the army has no share therein '. cl 8' IjJiol is
Elmsley's conjecture, and is preferable in sense to cl 5 croi.
861. irpds ravTtt ' therefore '. The phrase is idiomatically
used, not to express a reason but a fixed resolve. Soph. El.
820, Tr/aos ravra KCLLV^TW Tis = ' now '.
863. * If I am to be evil spoken of by the Achaeans '.
Dat. of agent with passive verb for I'TTO with gen. From 5ta-
/3dXXw comes cua/3oAos, * the accuser'.
864. tjjev '0 fie !' Expressing contempt rather than sorrow.
<5<rns vaguer than os, Lat. qui with subj.
866. trdXcos a rarer form of Tro'Xews, a remnant of the
old gen. in --7705, which latter does not appear in tragedy till Eur.
Attic generally disliked the combination -770. j>abs, Xaos, are
genuine Attic forms.
867. 4 Stay him so that he uses a temper not accordant to
his judgment'; or 'keep him from using such temper as he
would', fjLTj is redundant according to the Gk. idiom which mul-
tiplies negatives ; it is a little out of place on the second rendering.
868. irX^ov VjJt. nimium tribuis, as in Suppl. 243, ve/jLovres
ry $QQV($ 7r\tov fj.tpos. Eur. was not the radical Aristoph. makes
him.
102 HECUBA.
869. * I will lid thee of this fear '.
870. vvur9i from %vvoi8a. H. urges him to be accessory
before the fact without taking any ostensible part in the re-
venge.
871. cruv8poo-T]s 8 IJ.TJ * But take no active share therein'.
p.ri ffvvdpa, ^ avv$pavr)s are good, /JMJ ffvvdpq.s (conj.), fji-fj GVV
dpdcrov bad, though the latter form is very rarely found.
872. ' But if there arise on the part of the Achaeans any
riot or rescue, while the man of Thrace is suffering what suffer
he shall, stop it without appearing to do so for my sake*.
irao-x- gen. abs., for t-n-ucovp. would require a dat. jxi^, not
ou, because the phrase = /*?} dtucei. X^P IV virtually a prep.
and epty xdpti> = [jiov xdpiv. Other adverbial accus. are irpo-
Tfyas, and diKrjv.
876. ovv 'pray', sarcastic. <j>d(ryavov for ff<f>dyavov t
from <70aw, cf.
880. ' The tents conceal a number of Trojan dames.'
The perf. = a present like oT5a, dtdoiKa, Te^d^T^icu, 7r^0u/ca,
cffTijKa, 6'XwXa, K^KTVHMU, KeK\T)/j,ai, fj,e/j.vr)fjLai, Tre-jroiOa. [Some
MSS. read KeKvdov<n a Doric form, cf. 5e8otKW, /ce/cX^w, ?re-
0y/cw.]
882. <j)oyc'a In Lat. a is short, as Orphea, and twice in
Eur., in all other places long. It may perhaps in some places
be read as one syllable, Qovea.
883. Kal irws ' pray, how ?' Cf. 515 n.
885. n / p.<J>ofuu 'I have a poor opinion of. So ptpl/iv
txw, Aesch. P. V. 445.
886. A'tYvirr. The Danaides murdered their husbands,
fifty in number, sons of Aegyptus, on their wedding-night,
the only one who was spared being Lynkeus, whom his wife
Hypermnestra saved.
887. * Utterly depopulated Lemnos of males '. The more
usual constr. is found in 948. apS-rjv contracted from dtpSriv,
properly means ' lifted up on high '. [When the Argonauts landed
at Lemnos they found that the women had slain their own
husbands, except perhaps the king Thoas (Hdt.*6, 138).]
888. s YVor0w ' so be it'. u5s = ourws. ycv <?cr0w, better
than yevtaOai of most MSS.
889. * Send me this lady '. |xot dat. ethic.
NOTES. 103
890. irXa0i<rct (not 7rXa<r0e?<ra) from 7rXa0w, collat.. form
of TreXaw ; this participle is chiefly confined to choral parts.
832. 'On thy business no less than hers'. XP*S i g l^e
'Xa.pi.v in 874. So Lat. tuam vicem.
895. Td$ov = ra<prii>. Cf. 672.
896. T8' ciSeXcf). That these two, brother and sister,
side by side on one pyre, twofold grief to their mother, may
be buried in the earth.'
898. ' (And it may be so) for if the army had been able
to sail I could not have granted thee this favour: but, as it
is, for the god sends not favouring breezes, remain we must,
watching quietly for a chance of sailing'.
900. I'ljcri i doubtful, as in \iav, i<2>,ucu, iarpos. opcovras may
refer back to ffrpardv, a noun of multitude. TJ'<TVXOV, advb., for
ir\ovs TJ<rvxos is a very unusual phrase, [bpuvra JJL., Herrn.'s conj.
is a decided improvement, and one MS. has -uWa. Dindorf
adopts Hartung's rjcrvxovs].
905 952. Third Stasimon. * Thou, my native Ilium, no
more shalt count thyself as one of cities unsacked: such a
cloud of Hellenes shrouds thee round and hath sacked thee
with the spear, even the spear. Of thy coronal of towers art
thou shorn, and with most piteous stain of smoky flame art
all denied; forlorn one, never more shall I tread (thy streets).
At midnight my destruction began, when after banqueting
sweet sleep is spread upon the eyes, and my lord had made
me cease from song and choral sacrifice, and lay upon his bed,
his spear on its peg, watching no more for the thronging sailors
entering Ilian Troy. I was arranging my hair in the snood
that bound it up, gazing into the mirror's vista'd light, to
sink upon my cushioned bed : then through the city came a
ringing shout, and down Troy's streets the cry was this, " Sons
of the Hellenes, when, oh when will ye have sacked the Ilian
citadel and reached your homes ?" Then left I my loved bed
in a single robe like some Dorian maid, but unhappy I
gained nought by my session at awful Artemis' shrine. But
I saw my bedfellow dead, and am borne away o'er the deep
salt sea, and looking back upon my city, as the ship started
on her return and sundered me from the land of Ilium, in
my misery I fainted from grief, devoting to curses Helen
sister of the Dioscori, and the shepherd of Ida, Paris the
dread, since his marriage no marriage that, but some woe
E. H. 8
104 HECUBA.
of the avenger drove me in ruin from my fatherland and
exiled me from home. Her may the salt sea ne'er carry back,
never may she reach her ancestral home!'
806. TCOV diropO. sc. TTO\UV, partitive gen. Goodwin,
169. The constr. is imitated by Hor. Odes 3. 13, fies nobilium
tu quoque fontium.
\'i Cf. our use of the word * tell '. This fut. may very
possibly be passive ; for about 100 Greek verbs, most of them
with pure stems, have a passive sense in their fut. middle,
e.g. Alk. 322, d\X' avriK ev TOLS oi'/cer oven X^ojiccu.
907. v'<j>os used of any great number. So Livy 42. 10
nubes telorum, and Verg. Aen. 12. 254^ facta nube, cf. Heb.
xii. 1 'cloud of witnesses'.
910. aTroKK. perf. pass, of airoKeipw, used here in a
middle sense, which accounts for the ace. The phrase airoKel-
p<T0cu K6(j.as is common enough. See also 114 n. For o-re0.
irvpy. cf. Soph. Ant. 124, ffrecpavwfJLa irvpywv j "H0aicrrov TTCU-
'
912. K-r^XtS'. Pors. makes this dat. and reads o
but it is doubtful if final t of dat. can be so elided. The ace.
is a kind of cognate ace.
915. ^|JLOS Horn. word. IK SeCirvwv = # cena, 55 n.
916. K8vaTcu or aKidvarcu. Same root as scindo, quasi
918. Karauavcras It is easy to supply e/x^, though it may
be for KaTairavffa/u.vos. cf. 1108. Various readings so as to
introduce an ace. are %o/>o7r<HoV and xapoiroiov 6v<ndi>.
921. vavrav adjectival in sense.
926. cxrepii. els av-ycls The allusion is to the vista which
meets our gaze when we look into a mirror. The Schol.
interprets 'round' like diretpova ycua.v, making it a transferred
epithet. Weil thinks that the mirror looks at one without
ceasing.
927. erriSe'nviov This for tinSenvLos, which would be very
otiose, is due to Pors. [Musgrave conjectured eTriSenmos.]
931. 'IX. o-KOTTtdv i.e. Pergamus. Cf. Homer's "IXtos
NOTES. 105
933. The Dorian girls often wore only a single light gar-
ment (XITWI.OV), fastened with clasps down the side. See
Mahaffy, Gk. Antiquities p. 46.
940. iroSa. prob. not technically the * sheet ' [pes in Catull.
4. 20, utrumque luppiter \ simul secundus incidisset in pedem]
but of motion generally. Cf . 1020.
945. ctlvoTrapiv Cf. Horn. II. 3. 39, dvcrirapis, and for
the whole sentiment Aesch. Again. 689, eXevavs, eXavdpos,
\eTTTo\LS (of Helen), and Androm. 103, 'LVy aiireiva Ildpis ov
ydfj.ov oAAa TLV* O.TOLV \ rjydytr'.
951. av sc. Helen,
[952 1022. Enter Polymestor the cruel Thracian king :
he hypocritically expresses sorrow for Hecuba's accumulated
miseries and excuses his delay in coming. Hecuba puts some
searching questions to him about her boy and the treasures
sent with him ; and on pretence of showing him other treasures
hid within the tent she induces him and his children to enter
with her.]
953. It seems quite natural that P. overdoing his part
should address Priam as well as Hecuba. Nauck and others
however condemn the verse.
956. OVK oiiSh' a stronger form of ouSeV, whereas ovoiv
ov would mean ' everything '. Lat. nihil non.
957. av with -rrpd^iv /ca/ctos.
958. ' And the gods stir them up backwards and forwards,
introducing confusion, that through ignorance we may worship
them '. aiJTct i. e. prosperity and adversity. <j>vpovcri as
if they were the ingredients of a pudding. d-yvaxrCa causal
dative, Goodwin, 188. The ignorance is of course ignorance
of the future.
960. 'But why need one lament over these things, ad-
vancing not ahead of his evils?' The metaphor is from the
pioneers of an army.
962. 'If thou blame me at all for'. TI cognate ace.
Goodwin, 159 note 1: the object of ^</>et viz. /te is easily
understood from the context.
T. . airovo-fas causal gen. Goodwin, 173. 2. ji'p.<J>ofi.(u
is followed by two constructions: (1) yue/^o/za/ rivl ri obicio
aliquid alicui; (2) p. ru>a TWOS (as here). Of. ypd<f>o/j.ai $L\nr-
82
106 HECUBA.
963. <r\^s c restrain it ' (viz. rb /-t^u^eo-flcu) : more usually
iVxes : not * restrain thyself ' which would rather be middle,
but yet is constantly used for 'stop'.
TVYX^VW although f)\0es is aorist. So 1134 SiSwri and
jjv. ' As it happened I was away in the midland districts of
Thrace when thou earnest hither, and on my arrival this
servant of thine meets me as I am already lifting my foot
from the tents'. 7r68' afyx>VTi=eWi.
967. icXvwv cf. aywv 369 note.
968. al<rxvvo|icu irpcxrpXeTrav ' I shrink from looking at '.
at. 7r/>o<7/3\^7rwj> would mean * I look upon with shame ', cf.
552 note.
971 was suspected by Person, who proposed either to
place it after 972, or to read KO.V for ev, OVK for KOVK. Other
editors are more sweeping ; Dindorf condemns 970 975,
Hartung 973-975.
rvyxavovcra agrees not with aldus p* 2%et but with cu5oO/*cu
for which this is an equivalent : so Ion 927, vire^avrKGw ai'pet
(j,e ( = aipofjiai) . I'va ' wherein '.
972. The object of irpo<rp\tireiv is TOVTQV, to be supplied
from oT(f. <re which is read generally is omitted in the best MS.
opOats Kop. 'with unaverted eyes', Iph. Aul. x<up ov yap
6p6ols fpfjuurix (?' tr cfoopQ. Hor. Od. 1. 3, 18, rectis oculis
(Bentley's conj. for siccis).
973. * But regard it not as enmity to thee '. She really
feared to betray her purpose by the hate gleaming from her
eyes, avro i.e. TO w fj.e TrpoapXtTrew ee. <r0v objective
gen. after dvcrvocav. Goodwin, 167. 3.
|ii^ qYiio'Tj In prohibitions /x?) XOe, fiyj \vo-ris are good,
fi-fj \vys, fjiT) \vffov bad Greek. Goodwin, 254. See 871 n.
974. * And moreover custom also is to some extent the
cause that women look not straight at men '. ai'rtov regularly
takes ace. and inf.
976. Kcu...y. 'Ay, and no wonder'. The phrase is
common in tragedy.
rfe XP ^ a * *Pv '> * Wiat need hast thou of me ?' sc. ?x l -
Cf. Homer II. 11. 606, rt 8t ae X pe& ^o;
977. ' Wherefore didst thou send for me from the house ? ?
TI XP^F*" Goodwin, 160. 2, cf. X</>H> 892 n. C7re'|x\|/a) = /xerc-
NOTES. 107
/'Ct;. The middle often has a causal sense: ypdfiw, 'I write',
ypd<pofjLdL, 'I get written'.
978. 81) emphasises e/xaur^s, giving the reason why soli-
tude was desirable.
979. oirdovas his escort, not before mentioned. Euripides
has not explained how the same king was on good terms with
both Greeks and Trojans. Probably he had in mind the
shifting policy of the Thracian kings of his own day.
983. <r \pr\v so the best MS. The others at xpV-
986. dv\ ircu8a cl I. ' Tell me if my son yet lives '. Greek
emphasises the subject of a dependent clause by making it the
object of the principal verb; cf. Eur. Andr. 645, ri dfjr av
eiVoiS roi)s ytpovras w? <ro<poi.
4| i. e. having received him from.
988. TO, a. ere pijcrop.cH. Greeks could say either gpoimal
ff or Zpo/jiat rt, and here the two constructions are combined :
cf. Find. 01. 6. 81, aTravras ev ol'/cy eipero 7rcu5a, ' (The king)
asked all in the house about the child '.
989. jxaXwrra ' certainly (he lives) '.
roKivov [xepos 'with regard to him'. Ehes. 405, TO <rbv
fdpos.
jx^v virtually = ' at any rate'. 'Whatever thy other woes,
in /M'?TI' &c.
990. Notice here and elsewhere in the play the ' tragio
Irony ' which consists in the speaker's words meaning much
more to the audience than to the person to whom they are
addressed.
991. * What pray in the next place wouldst thou learn
of me ?' Polym. repeats Hecuba's own word devrepov.
992. Verg. Aen. 3, 341, ecqua tamen pnero est amissae cura
parentis.
993. * Yes, and sought to come hither to thee by stealth '.
Kpv4ns adj. for adv. Cf. Gray's Elegy, 'How jocund did
they drive their team afield 1' c&s only in Attic and nearly
always ' to ' persons.
994. ov ^x<ov 'in possession of which'. With verbs of
coming and the like, the participles ^xwi/, 0fywi>, dyuv, often
mean little more than cum, ' together with '.
995. ' Safe, at all events (ye) guarded, &c.'
108 HECUBA.
996. 'Nor lust after what is thy neighbour's'. TO, irXi]-
criov rot ruv irX^aiov is a most rare construction. Tr\r}ffiov
being an adverb needs the article before it can represent a
substantive. pa governs the gen. of the thing aimed at.
997. TJKUTTO, 'by no means', minime; an instance of
softening down.
6v<xC|j/T]v 'May I but enjoy my present estate'. Alk. 335,
TUJ>& ovr)ffiv etixopat | Oeois yeveaOai. Polym. deprecates covet-
ousness; oVij/a^cu, aTroXauw, and other verbs of enjoying, take
a gen. which is perhaps partitive.
998. 9. a TOVTO coming together have offended some
critics, it would seem without cause. Brunck reads raura,
Person o.
1000. 5-oV (5 <j>. ' There is, oh thou that art beloved as thou
art now beloved by me'. P. What is it that I and my
children must know? //. Ancient vaults of gold belonging
to the house of Priam '. Polymestor in his greedy haste
interrupts her, and this accounts for the sing. <m followed
by the plural /carwpuxes. This Schema Pindaricum, i. e. sin-
gular verb with plural noun is rare in Attic, cf. Shakespeare,
' His steeds to water at those springs \ on chaliced flowers that
lies.
co. <{>. . <r. v. 4. <|>. = w e;0t<7Te. [The usual reading is
&TTCO <j>i\. ' let it (viz. 6 \6yos) be beloved as thou art now
beloved by me '. But the objections to this are strong.]
1003. TavTd usually refers to what precedes.
1004. ' Certainly, through thee ; for thou art a pious
man ', with especial and bitter reference to his impious treat-
ment of her son.
1008. I'va ' where are ' sc. etVtV.
1010. yrjs virepTe'XXcvcra, ' rising above the earth '. Cf.
Or. 6, Kopv<prjs VTrepr^XXovra deifAaivuv irerpov.
1011. ri 'any more', like French encore, a virtually
comparative particlef TWV Kt -' concerning matters there '
= irepl TUV tKei,
1013. ' Where, pray ? or hast thou hidden it within thy
robes ?' rf seems better than 77. Kpvtj/ao-' ^X CI<S -^ a ^ occultum
habes, stronger than KKPV<J>O,S.
1014. <rKv\a spoils, stripped from a fallen enemy
I strip), but the word is used in a wider signification here.
NOTES. 109
1015. 'But where? For here are the enclosures where
harbours the Achaeans' fleet'. It would of course be hard
for Trojan slaves to hide any large amount of gold. Hecuba
explains that the tents of the women are private.
1016. 'Are things within quite safe, and is there an ab-
sence of males ?'
1018. lifiets p.6vcu. The fern, is no violation of Dawes*
canon (cf. 237 n.), for she alludes not to herself alone but to all
the Trojan women.
1019. Kal Y<xp ' for in truth '.
1020. Xvo-ai iroSa cf. 940, note.
1021. 2. 'That thou mayest go back with thy children
to where thou didst lodge my son'. This is the climax of
Hecuba's irony. She means to JIades ; Polymestor, not aware
that she knew of his treachery, thinks that she means safe
away to Thrace.
[10231055. Polymestor follows Hecuba into the tents,
and the Chorus sing a short ode to prepare the minds of the
audience for the cries of Polymestor, who rushes in, his eyes
blinded and children slain before his eyes.]
1023. Addressed to Polymestor. &rs 'equally', i.e.
' none the less '. Thy punishment is as certain as if already
inflicted.
1025 sqq. 'Like a man that has reeled and fallen into some
harbourless sea, having forfeited thy being thou shalt lose
thy dear life. For where liability to Justice and to the gods
coincide, deadly, ay deadly is the calamity' with which the
offender expiates his crime, [It is impossible that 'to, fall
from one's dear life' is good Greek for 'to die', and Kapdia
is rather the seat of feeling than of life, TJje verses are in all
probability corrupt,] avrXos not 'a hold' but ' bilge - water ';
here and in Pindar of the sea; the radical meaning of the word
seems to be that of stagnant ivater. Xe'^pips otherwise ex-
plained 'by a lurch of the vessel' Pflugk. 4>i\as an epic
epithet, like Homer's (pi^ov yTop. e/cTrecr^, the other reading,
is not Attic.
1027. dfUpcras possibly means 'having deprived Poly-
mestor of life ' ; here only is the word used in tragedy, ofi the
correction of Hemsterhuys for the MS. reading ov.
110 HECUBA.
1032. 6Sov gen. after i/'etfjei, involving separation, Good-
win, 174.
1033. 0ava<ri{jiov ' to thy death' proleptic with er<*.
1034. aTroXep-o) X 1 P^~~ c ^- Judg. 9. 54 (Abimeleeh to his
armourbearer), * Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say
not of me, A ivoman slew him '. The dative is causal, Goodwin,
188.
1035. Polymestor is heard screaming behind the scenes.
1037. ' Yet again alas for your unhappy butchery '.
1038. ' Dears, terrible evils have been wrought within '.
KCUVCL * fresh ', and so ' strange ', * terrible '.
1039. ' Be sure ye shall not escape '. od |nj with aorist
conjunctive is an emphatic denial, with future indie. 2nd pers.
sing, a strong prohibition.
1040. Tor I will strike and burst open the inmost
recesses of these tents 1' i.e. no seclusion will protect them
from his fury.
avapp. dva- as in av-olyu, dva-TreTavvv/ju. The doubled p
represents the pronunciation.
1041. 'Look! the blow of his heavy hand is sped forth'.
The verse is more appropriate in the mouth of the Chorus.
1042. |3ov\cr0 The leader of the Chorus asks the other
Trojan dames lircunr&rujttv Goodwin, 256.
1044. |i/qSiv adverbial. Kf3dXXcov 'pulling up' from
the ground.
1045. 6. ov,...ov The asyndeton is for effect.
1046. ovs ftcr. 4. Triumphantly addressed to the audi-
ence, and in strong antithesis to favras.
1047. 'What? didst thou overthrow the Thracian, and
hast thou, mistress, the mastery over thy guest-friend?' if -yap
expressing mixed admiration and surprise, 'Can it be that?'
1050. ru<|)\w TT. iroSl ' with blind unsteady step '. A fa-
vourite phrase of Euripides, found three times in Phoen. 834,
1539, 1616: cf. ru0\V X^P a ib. 1699, ?r65a Tv<f>\6irovv ib. 1550.
Milton, Samson Agonistes, ' lend thy guiding hand | to these
dark steps'.
1054. ' But I will depart and stand out of the way of the
most formidable Thracian boiling over with rage'. KTro8v
w. dat. cf. 52 note.
NOTES. Ill
1055. f^-ovTi Barnes' correction for the ptovri of the MSS.,
which does not offer a very good sense. Dem. de Cor. p. 272,
TroXXy ptovTL Kad" 1 vfjids, is not strictly parallel. Cf. Soph. Oed.
Col. 434, oTrfjviK Zfa Ov/jios. [Verbs with monosyllabic stem in e
Contract only ee and eei, so few, fe?s, fe?, eirov, fe"o//,ei>, fetre,
$ov<n. Ae'w, I bind, is the only exception and is contracted in
most forms. Goodwin, 98 note 1, p, 98.] Ovjxw dat. of re-
ference.
[1056 1106. Polymestor bursts on to the stage like a
wild beast, groping and stumbling, his eyes streaming with
blood. He dare not leave his children, yet longs to tear his
enemies limb from limb, and calls upon Greeks and Thracians
for aid. Whither shall he go? To Orion, or Seirius, or the
dark ferry which leads to hell?]
1057. K&o-G) 'put in', sc. r-ffv vavv. Delib. conj. Goodwin,
256. [The forms /ce"XXw and 6/ceXXw are collateral: so dvpo/jiai
and ddvpojULcti. Cf. 740 n.]
1058. ' Setting myself on my hands with the movement of
a fourfooted mountain beast'. He is moving on all fours.
[Porson would read Kal /car' I'x^os or Kal tx v s i* 1 the sense of
ve&tigium= i foot'. Hermann eVi eVmfle'yuej'os omitting the
comma at Kt\<rw so as to govern pdaw.]
1060. |aXXd 'shall I take instead' of my present
course ? So e&ndfiw.
1063. TclXcuvai * cruel'.
1064. TTOI Kal 515 n. irot JJLVX.COV Adverbs of time and
place denoting a point in and of the whole govern a partitive
gen. TroO 7775; TT^VIKOL rrjs ?},ue/oas; 'at what time of day?' Lat.
ubi gentium? Cf. 961 n. Goodwin, 168. <f>vya TrTouoxrovcn,
= <pevyov(ri and so takes an ace.
1066. Polymestor invokes the sun, as king of light, to
give him light and heal his eyes. ^0 ctKcraio (from d/feo-at-
ILyv] '0 that thou wouldst heal'. Tv<j>\6v <J>eYyos = blindness.
[Reiske conjectured vtyos for <pyyos. Weil reads e7raXXaa$ =
'having substituted'.]
1069. 'I perceive the stealthy step of women near'. The
Greeks did not accurately distinguish between the various
senses, so KTVTTOV dedopKa : a&rdopp/uu is usually * I perceive
with my eyes'. 1290 n.
1070. eira^as ir<58a 'having rushed', e-rrfarffu is transi-
tive, a force given to it by the preposition. Aj. 40, Kal irpfa rt
112 HECUBA.
dvff\6yLffTov wS' rj&v xe'/m; 'And wherefore darted he thus his
senseless hand?'
1071. ' Can I be glutted with their flesh and bones, making
myself a banquet on the brutes, winning for myself their de-
struction as a compensation for my maltreatment?' avrforoiva
in apposition with Xw/Sap : cf . Or. 8, <r<pdyiov 0ero ftarepa ?ra-
1076. patcxcus "Ai. 'hellhounds'. Polymestor dare not
go far from the tents lest his children's bodies may be muti-
lated.
8Lct[j.oipa<rcu Cf . 1107 (fiepecv. AlU. 230, TT\^OV rj TreXcWcu.
1077. ' Butchered, food for dogs and outcast on the cruel
mountain side'.
1079. Kcip|/w 'tack', [Formerly translated 'bend my
knee', i.e. rest, but it seems better to make the metaphor of a
ship begin from this word.]
1080. ' Gathering up my linen robe like some ship with
sea-going rigging, having as my children's guard rushed upon
this deadly lair', oirws-^-of comparison, 398 n. irt<r[j.aTa
usually the hawsers which bound the ship to the shore, here
the rigging. KoCrav wild beasts' lair, not the couch on which
the dead children lay f
1085. 'How intolerable the evils which have been wreaked
upon thee'. ci'pYao-rat is usually active after the time of
Sophokles: but here as 1087 is spurious it must be active: cf.
264 n.
1086. TairiTiiua sc. %GTW.
SpcuravTi The Greek theory of retribution was that it was
as certain to follow guilt as the night to follow day, dpaaavrt
iradelv as the proverb put it. Cf. Eur. fragm. 77 5iKr)...(riya, Kal
(3pa5ei Trodl \ ffTeixovea fjAp\f>i rous KCLKOVS orav Tv^rf. Hor. Od.
3. 2. 31, raw antecedentem scelestum \ deseruit pede poena
claudo.
1087. Inserted from 722.
1090. '0 race rejoicing in steeds and inspired by Ares',
i.e. warlike.
1094. TJ and w in iambics form a crasis with ou, cf. 1249 n.
1100. ' Shall I fly up to the lofty halls of heaven where
Orion or Seirius darts from his eyes flaming rays of fire, or
NOTES. 113
shall I in my misery rush to Hades' black ferry?' 'ftpuov in
Greek the t is doubtful, in Latin always long. Orion was the
Kimrod of Greek mythology, a mighty hunter, and after death
became a constellation which rose soon after the summer solstice.
<l|J/7rTa|Avos dva7TTa.fj.ev os from dviTTTo/uicu a collateral form of
aVaTT^TOyUcu. Goodwin, p. 243 s.v. 7r<froyucu. Cf. a/u/^a-et 1263.
2eiptos properly 'scorching' sc, darrjp. Otherwise known as
the dog-star, cf. Verg. Aen. 10. 274, Sinus ardor, \ ille sitim
morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris \ nascitur, et laeio contristat
lumine caelum. d<J>iTj<ri,v belongs in sense both to 'tiplwv and
2et/)i05, in grammar only to the latter. AtSa irop0nos the
Styx.
1107. jjvyyvtoa-Ta 'it is pardonable', pi. for sing.: so
ddvvard ecrnv, 'it is impossible', ^aXevra eanv* Verg. Aen. 1.
667, f rater ut Aeneas iactetur nota tibi 'it is known to
thee how &c.' [The Chorus advise suicide.]
Kpkr<rov' TJ <|>piv 'too heavy to bear' cf. Soph. 0. T.
1293, TO yap voffyua uetfrov 77 <j>epiv. e|curaXXd|ai act. for
mid. 918 n. OT]S has been substituted by modern edd. for
MS. fays which does not scan.
[1109 1131. Agamemnon attracted by the uproar joins
them, and asks Polymestor who has done the deed. Poly-
mestor longs to clutch Hecuba and tear her limb from limb.
Agam. advises less savage measures, saying that he will judge
the matter.]
1109. Tor in no quiet tones hath Echo, child of the
mountain rock, cried aloud through the host'. This beautiful
metaphor illustrates the way in which many a Greek myth
arose. Cf. Aesch. Ag. 477, /cao^s 7r??Xqu ^vvovpos di\j/ia /com.
1112. Trjcqicv 'had we not known'. This reading is de-
rived from the Etymologicon Magnum (about A.D. 1000) ; the
MSS. reading fopev is clearly wrong. The best Attic forms
are ydy, jjdt](r6a, rjdei, ycrrov, TJcrTrjv, rjo-uev, iycrre, rjcrav.
1113. irapcrx6v 'would have occasioned', av is not ne-
cessary, cf. the Lat. *twtttfer#$.= fcustulisset, Hor. Od. 2, 17, 28.
[Many editors read -jrapcax' <*" hut as Elmsley remarks Eur.
would have written this irap
1114. -yap (I appeal to thee) ' for'.
1116. &x out of the verse, as 0eO 956.
114 HECUBA.
1119. crol dat. incommodi. OCTTIS i]v apa 'Whoever
he was', 511 n.
1120. 'Nay destroyed me not but worse': i.e. ov JJLOVOV
cbrwXetre. ^ For a similar correction cf. 948, 7d>oy, ov yajmos aXXa
K.r.X. Liv. 39. 28, nee cum Maronitis, inquit, mihi aut cum
Eumene disceptatio est, sed etiam vobiscum Romani. |Aitova>s
Many of these forms are found in Attic writers: Thucydides
uses &>5eeoT^oa>s, do-^aXeoTepws, xaXeTrwrfyws, /xaXa/cwrepcos, VTTO-
deeartpus : Sophokles, (JLCIOVUS: Euripides, evXajSear^pws.
1122. T <j>TJs; '"What say'st thou?' a formula of surprise.
Note the i subscript.
crd. . .o-v Emphatically repeated. A. cannot believe his ears.
ei'pYacrai mid. not pass. cf. 1085 n.
1125. lir TTOV eo-rlv 'tell me where he is', OTTOU is more
usual.
1127. ofrros 'ho there', heus tu. The expression could
only be used by a superior to his inferior, the barbarian Poly-
mestor being as inferior to Agamemnon as an Indian rajah to
the Viceroy of India.
ri ircurxas; 'what ails thee?'
1128. ' Let me go that I may lay on her my raging hand' :
Agamemnon had caught hold of him. <j>ivai = w<rre efalvat.
fxap^dw desideratives from substantives and adjectives are-
formed in -aw and -tdw; so flapctrdw, 'I long to die', from
Oavaros 'death': 0omw, 'I thirst for blood'.
1129. TO papftapov ' thy savagery ', viz. 'the non-Hellenic
idea that he 'might take summary vengeance. Euripides
throughout draws a contrast between Savagery as represented
by Polym. and Hecuba, and Law as typified in the Greeks. He
goes so far however as to make Agamemnon almost an Athe-
nian dikast.
[1132 1182. Polymestor shortly excuses his crime : if he
had not slain the boy there would have been a nucleus for the
Trojans and a second Trojan war with desolation for Thrace
would have taken place. He then gives a detailed account of
the way in which his children had been butchered and his own
eyes put out.]
1132. Xyot|x' av ' I will gladly speak', modified future.
NOTES. 115
1134. StScixri historic present. rp&|>iv = fret
Goodwin, 265.
1135. VTTOITTOS * suspicious'. Verbals in -ros are usually
passive; but we find in an active sense 7ri(7r6s, 'relying'; /me/uLir-
r6s, 'blaming'; ayevcrros, 'not tasting'; a\JsavffTos, * not touch-
ing '; and others.
1137. irpojAT]0L(j, see 795 n.
1139. dOpourr], IVVOIKUTT] are irregular after the historic
t(7a, but not so much so as to necessitate the optative being
substituted. Cf. 27 n.
1140. ' That one of the house of Priam was alive'. <SvTa,
predicate.
1141. ata for ya?a to suit the metre, only found in Ho-
mer and tragedians.
1142. gireiTa 'hi the next place'. rd8 'yon', pointing
at them.
1143. Cf. Thuc. 1. 11. (The Greeks at Troy) 'on their
arrival conquered the Trojans in battle, this is clear, for else
they would not have been able to build the rampart for their
camp, and evidently not even here did they employ all their
forces, but turned their attention to farming the Chersonese
and to freebooting '.
1143. yt(,rovS Tpw'cov, 'neighbours of the Trojans'. [This
is better than translating Tpwwz/ Troianorum causa.]
' And that evil might befall us from which we were lately
suffering '.
1146. cos with the future participle gives the avowed
reason, 511 n.; 'pretending to be about to tell me'.
1148. [j.6vov not inconsistent with abv re/c^ots, but apart
from the rest of the camp and therefore where no aid could
reach him. Med. 513, bv TCKVOIS ^ovy IJLOVOIS.
1149. elSeiT] optative after historic present.
1150. Kan\|/as yovv i.e. resting.
1151. X t P^s c| <xpwrTpas 'on my left hand'. [%et/)eJ of
all the MSS. is an evident mistake; the correction is due to
Milton.]
1152. cc 811 'as if forsooth'. 5,7, 5^ra often, dijOcv always
is sarcastic.
116 HECUBA.
1153. [OdKovs fyo" " 011 This is Hermann's emendation
for 'OaKovv and is preferable on two grounds. (1) The aug-
ment is not as a rule omitted in Attic Greek, nor can the e be
prodelided after the diphthong of Kopai. (2) The sense is con-
siderably improved.] KpKi8a, cause for effect, lit. the shuttle,
here the garment spun. 'HSwvrjs x Ps ** Edonian make'.
The Edonians were a Thracian people, and Edonian means
little more than Thracian. v-rr' avyds 'bringing them under
the rays of the light', hence the ace, Goodwin, p. 181.
1155. KajAttKa 'spear', part for the whole, properly only
the shaft. prjKiav gives the reason why the women wished
to see it.
1156. yujivov p,' 0TjKav 'they stripped me of. yvfJLi>6s,
with other words signifying separation [e.g. KCVOS, fy^/zos,]
govern the gen. Goodwin, 174.
Snrrv'xov crTO\C(T(j.aTOS 'my twofold equipment', i.e. pro-
bably, as Weil with one Scholiast suggests, the two spears
which heroes carried [not the spear and cloak, for roixrde irt-
TT\OVS seems to show that he still had his garments, nor would
these be much protection.]
1158. 'Kept dandling them in their hands, that they
might be far from their father exchanging them with succession s*
of hands', i.e. passing them from hand to hand. [x P"V is
doubtful, the two best MSS. having 5ta x pos (which is unme-
trical) written over an erasure. xepwv * s verv awkward after
"Xepoiv in 1158.}
1159. -yevoivro has more MS. authority than yfroiro.
Neuters plural usually take a singular verb, but exceptions
occur. See 839 n. The verse is deficient in caesura.
1160. Kara = /ecu eTra. In a crasis an i is subscript only
when the second word contains an i : thus KOLS for /cat es. CK
'following', irtos 8oKis; ' Can you believe it?' often inserted
thus parenthetically. Hipp. 446, TOVTQV \apovaa, irus 5o/cas,
KadvppLcrev.
1161. XaBovo-cu supply at ^ to correspond with at &:,
1162.
1162. 'While others like enemies clutched and held my
hands and limbs'. ['Like enemies' is, it must be confessed,
very feeble, iroX|j.C&>v being a word of wide but not intense
meaning, and is much weaker than e.g. ^x^' s > c ^ Xen. Anab,
NOTES. 117
1. 3. 12 o S' dpi7/)...xaXe7rc<;TaTos 5' e%#pds <J av TroX^tuos $. A
man may be a war with another because their countries are
at war and yet h;<,ve no feeling of personal hate against him.
The emendation of Mr A. W. Verrall TroXviroSwv is worth con-
sidering, being much more graphic, and the change is slight.
4 Devil nsh' grow to great size and strength in the Mediterra-
nean.]
1165. ' Whenever I tried to lift up my face'.
optative of repeated effort. Iph. Tanr. 325, dXX' el <J>vyoi
arepoi, Trpocr/ce/^uefoi [3a.\\ov CLVTOVS.
1166. K6}U|S 'by the hair', partitive genitive.
1167. irXTJ0i ' by reason of the crowd', or as our idiom is
'for the crowd', causal dative.
1168. Trfjixa irqpaTos irXcov ( Woe greater than woe', i.e.
the intensity of the evil demands some stronger name.
1170. iropTras 'buckle-pins', the instrument with which
Oedipus put out his eyes, Phoen. 62, xpvo-^Xdrots Tropirauru
alfjLdi-as Ko/oas, connected with ireipw, pierce.
1172. iKTr-qS-qcras 'having bounded forth'. Tmesis is
not rare in tragedy, especially in the choruses, and in
almost all cases a monosyllabic word stands between the com-
ponent parts. Very rarely the preposition follows as at 504,
'Ayafj.{j.vovos Tre/JL-fiavros, w yvvai, fj.^ra.
1173. Kvvas The metaphor is of some great wild beast
which turns the tables on the dogs.
1175. TOLaSe ire-rrovOa ' thus have I suffered '. The cog-
nate accusative is often represented by a neuter adj. or pro-
noun: the full phrase would be roidde (Tradrj^ara) irtirovOa.
1178. TWV Trplv ' of the ancients '. ei'ptjKcv KCIKWS 'has
spoken ill of. eS (/ccucs) X^yw (etpyKa) takes an ace. like eu
dpciv nva.
1179. Xrycov o-rlv an idiomatic form of Xyet, cf. rjv avt-
X& v , 122. [Porson, after Stobaeus, amends ?} vvv \tyet rts ^
TraXi^, which is neat ; but the change does not seem needed.]
1180. <rvvTjjLwv 'in brief, 'to be concise '
1182. ' He who at any time comes into contact with them
knows this well', del with the article and participle, loses its
signification 'always' and is usually placed between the two,
118 HECUBA.
but Aesch. Prom. 973, Ouirre rbv /cparoiW' ad. Cicero (in Verr,
5. 12. 29) borrows the idiom, omnes Siciliae semper praetor es*
eirCo-raTai 'knows weir, Plato opposes tirta-TyM, exact know-
ledge, to 56a. [Strangely enough no writer has more bitter
sayings against women than Euripides and yet few have drawn
finer characters than Polyxena, Iphigeneia and Alkestis: 'the
poet, who was openly reviled in his own day as the hater of
women and traducer of their sex, has come down to us as their
noblest and most prominent advocate in all Greek literature'.]
1183. TOIS or. KO.KOIS 'by reason of thy woes', causal
dative.
1184. |xjx\|/Tj subj. fjirj fJL^^n the reading of some MSS. is
bad Greek.
1185, 6. Probably spurious. As the verses stand eirtyOovoi
muat= t unj-u8tly hated' which seems impossible. Hermann's
correction avrapiQ pot, for els opiOjicV through a gloss Io-api0fj.oi is
clever: Hartung substitutes iro\\uv for iroXXaC: Porson reads
TroXXat yap ovdev eiV: Eeiske ruv Ka\w. But the verses appear
to be past mending, being the insertion of a copyist who wished
to qualify and expand 1183, 4.
[1187 1237. Hecuba (to Agam.) 'Let no specious pleading
make the worse appear the better cause'; (turning fiercely to
Polymestor) ' I will expose thy subterfuges, thy greed slew my
boy. Why didst thou not, while Troy yet stood, kill him or
send him a prisoner to the Greek camp? Again, thou shouldest
have given the gold to the Greeks when they needed it, but
that thou still boldest. If thou hadst safely guarded my son
thou wouldst have gained fair repute and have found in him a
treasure to supply thy lack of money ; now, thou hast lost all !'
(To Agam.) 'Thou wilt be villain if thou ehalt help him'.]
1189. e'Spacre sc. o avOpufros understood from cLvdpuiroi<s.
For the sing. cf. Androm. 421, cu/crpd yap ra dvarvx^l | /fyorots
aTraai KO.V Bvpcuos <JSv Kvprj
1190. o-aGpovs 'unsound'.
1191. Ta8iKa 'injustice', subject of Svvao-Oat [or 'to
make a good defence of injustice', 1178 n. In either case, the
sophistic and rhetorical plan of making the worse appear the
better reason is alluded to.]
1192. TCtSc i.e. rd eu \tyeiv radiKa. aKpipoco ' learn ac-
curately', 'reduce to a system', with a disparaging sense of
subtle refinement.
NOTES. 119
1193. Svvaivr' av more idiomatic than the variant dtvav-
rcu: they find out at last that they have not been so clever as
they thought.
1194. dirwXovTO ' are wont to perish '. See 598 n. Good-
win, 205. 2.
1195. 'And so stands thy relation to me by way of pre-
lude, now I will turn to him and will answer him with my
words, thou who sayest that in removing a double toil from
the Achaeans thou didst slay my son.' SwrXovv irovov i.e. a
second siege of Troy. diraXXdcrcrcov the present often gives
the aim or effort of an action, and so Nauck's d-rra\\d^jf is not
needed. 8s <|>fjs for the abrupt change of person cf. Xen.
Andb. 1. 3. 20, KCLV JJL& y e/ce?, TTJV diKyv g(j>7) wh^w eiriOewai
r d (frevyri, rj/JLeis e/cet ?rp6s raOra (3ov\ev<r6[J,e0a.
xauuv cf. 1141 sq.
1198. ?KaTi a Doric form; others used in tragedy are
flcfo'a, ddpos, Kvvayos, irodaybs, Aoxd/yos, ^6^765, OTrdSos.
1200. av, av cf. notes on 359, 742.
1201-. In bitter allusion to Polymestor's words 1175, roidSe
K.T.\.
1202. irorepa K-qSevcrwv * didst thou mean to make a mar-
riage alliance with one of them?' i.e. with a Greek family.
1203. $ TV' alrCav; 'or what other reason?' cf. 1264, %
1206. PO^XOIO the optative suggests the improbability
that Polymestor will speak the truth.
1207. Kal KlpSt] ret <rd * ay, and thy gains', i.e. thy greed.
1208. eirel 8C8a|ov ' or else tell me'; cf. Soph. Oed. Tyr.
390, t-rrel <j>tp' etirt.
1211. 8^ 'I say', resumptive, rt taking up the question
of 1208.
1212. 0<r9ai x^P lv ' to wm thyself grace in his eyes'.
The middle sense is to be noted.
1214. lo-ji^v ' Now that we are no longer in prosperity'.
So the two best MSS., the rest faev. kv <|>cUi, a common me-
taphor.
1215. 'And the city showed by its smoke that it was m
the enemy's hand'. Cf. Aesch. Ag. 818, KV,TTV$ 5' d\ovcra vvv
E. H. 9
120 HECUBA.
& etiewos TroAis. [The verse halts somewhat and no satis-
factory correction has been made. Canter conjectured Kairv6s
= ' cum hostium manu nihil nisi fumus vestigia urbis signifi-
cant'. Weil for I/'TTO reads daptv * subdued by the enemy '.]
1216. KareKTcis from stem /era-, a collateral form of
KrdvW. %KTav, /cras, &cra, ZKrcL^ev. So 2{$f]v from /3a/j/w, ftrri;?
from ir^To/jicti, $6ijv from <0ai/w, eSpav from 6i5/oa<7/ca>, 8vv from
duoj t and others. Goodwin, 125.
1217. 4>avrjs 'in order that thou mayest be seen', aorist
passive. [0cu/et, fut. mid. has less authority = how thou wilt
be seen'.]
1218. l'TTp ^o-0a the imperfect indicative implies that
the excuse was false. Goodwin, 220. 1. a. (2).
1219. rovSe i.e. Polydorus, who has been alluded to 1216.
1223. ToXuds 'canst not bear', in animum inducts, cf.
332.
s * persistest'.
1224. Kal P.IIV 'and look you', introducing a new phase
of her argument, cf. 216 n. K\eos [\//cXep, 'reputation', whe-
ther good or bad, from Indo-Germanic \/ILRTJ. Cf. Lat. gloria.]
1226. Cf. Ennius, quoted by Cicero, Lael. 17. 64, amicus
certus in re incerta cernitur. Shakespeare, Haml. in. 2. 217:
*Who not needs shall never lack a friend,
and who in want a hollow friend doth try,
directly seasons him his enemy'.
^oZ ayadot, by crasis, so dvr}p = 6 avf)p.
1227. ' donee eris felix multos numerabis amicos'. av0*
'in each case of itself, Lat. ultro.
1228. 6 8fc Polydorus. cl <nrdvi?S 'if thou wast in
want '. Goodwin, 220. 1. a.
1230. iKetvov #v8pa Agamemnon.
1231. iraiSes ti <roi sc. ofyovrat. [Person places the
comma, not after <roi, but after otxerai : when we mus-t supply
irpd<rffov<rii> t55e.]
1232. w8 with a scornful gesture.
1234. ols 6XP'H V sc - TiaTbv etvai.
NOTES. 121
1236. 'We shall say that thou takest pleasure in the
wicked and art thyself of like nature '. avrov gains emphasis
from its prominent position.
1237. Hecuba suddenly seems to remember that she is
but a captive slave, and in a manner apologises for the vehe-
mence of her words. [It is noteworthy that Hecuba's speech
1187 1237 has exactly the same number of verses as the
corresponding one of Polymestor, 1132 1182].
1238. <f>eii <|>v ' well, well ', usually but not always par-
ticula dolentis '.
[1240 end. Agamemnon decides against Polymestor, who
turns upon Hecuba and foretells her change into a cur (the
origin of KVVOS cr^a), the murder of Kasandra and of Aga-
memnon himself. Agamemnon orders him away to banish-
ment, Hecuba is to bury her dead, the Chorus of Trojan
women to repair to their several masters, time for sailing is
at hand. The Chorus end up the play with a short expression
of enforced submission.]
1240. cxxOctvd the predicate in Greek is often put in
the plural where we should have expected the singular; cf.
1107 n.
1242. Xap6vTtt not \apuv, because in an accusative and
infinitive clause after alffxvvijv fapec.
1243. Ijiijv xapw for my sake ', cf. 873 n.
1244. OVT* ofiv 'nor indeed', ovv resumptive.
sc. xdpiv.
1245. ^XU S depending grammatically on 5o/ce?s, not on
cLTroKTGwai, as it strictly should; the mood implies that she
charged him with still wishing to keep the gold.
1247. paSiov ' a light matter '.
1249. |x^ dSiKeiv to be pronounced ,ud5i/ce>. <J>I>YW de-
liberative conjunctive, Goodwin, 256.
1251. T\tj0i ' put up with '.
1252. -ywaticds -ncrorwjxevos ' worsted by a woman '. The
genitive may either be due to the comparative notion in the
verb, or, as seems more likely, the genitive of the agent
(fairly common in poetry, e. g. Soph. Aj. 807, <wr6s ^?ra-
Twfrirj), a variety of the genitive of the source.
1253. rots KdKioo-iv ' to my inferiors '.
92
122 HECUBA.
1254. Most MSS. give this verse to Agamemnon, but
most editors follow Hermann (who says * regera semel dixisse
sententiam sat est ') in assigning it to Hecuba.
1256. Cf. Alk. 691, %apas opuv 0ws* irartpa d' ov xalp&y
5o/ce?s ; iraiSos ' for my child '.
1259. dXV ov Tcix^ sc. %cu/>i7<rets.
1260. 6'pous 'to the boundaries'; this accusative of the
place whither, without a preposition, is poetical. Cf. Bacchae
5, irdpeiiju. AtpKys i>a/j,aT 'la/Jiyvov 6' vdup.
1261. JJL^V oSv 'nay but shall have hidden thee fallen
from the mast head '; cf. tmmo, immo vero in the Latin drama-
tists, used to correct a former statement.
1262. 'At whose hand shall I meet with a forced leap'.
TOV ;=TPOS ;
1264. viroirrcpots VWTOIO-I i. e. with wings upon my back.
1265. The accounts of the metamorphosis and death of
Hecuba are, as might be expected, very various. Kynossema
(KIJVOS 07)fji,a) was a promontory in the Thracian Chersonese
which was supposed to gain its name from her: Ov. M. 13.
568 sq. rictuque in verba parato \ latravit conata loqui. Locus
extat et ex re \ nomen habet. Juv. 10. 271, torva canino \ latra-
vit rictu. Ov. M. 13. 565 makes the Thracians stone her
to death because of her murder of Polymestor, when she was
changed into a dog. Cicero, Tusc. Disp. 3. 26, Hecubam autem
putant propter animi acerbitatem quandam et rabiem fingi in
canem esse conversam. Plaut. Menaechmi, 701 705.
1267. 6 0pT]|l p.dvTis 'the Thracians' seer', the dative
differing little in sense from a genitive, cf. Phoen. 17, (5 6^-
(3cu<r(.i> euiTrTrots ciW. [Herodotus 7. Ill, ' the Satrae possess
the oracle of Dionysus; this oracle is on the highest moun-
tains ; the Bessi are those Satrae who give forth the oracles
of the shrine, and it is a priestess who delivers them as at
Delphi, and (this oracle) is no more intricate'.]
1268. ^xpT]o-v of the god, <?x/>?7craro would mean 'con-
sulted the oracle '.
1269. ' No, for if he had ' &c. , sc. d 2xpy ffV -
1270. ' Shall I die where I fall or survive and live my life
out there?' (e/c- intensive). [Musgrave says of tKir\r)crw plov,
' hoc cum Bavovva coniunctum ridiculi aliquid habet ; cum
wcra tautologici '. So he conjectures 7r6r/x,ov, Brunck pbpov,
NOTES. 123
while Weil would change <?K7rX?}<rw into e/co-r^w, i. e. juera/3aXu>
filov els rd5e.]
1272. TJ rL comes in parenthetically between the substan-
tive and the article and pronoun qualifying it, and is equivalent
to TJ rl aXXo ; cf. 1203 n.
1273. KWOS (TTJjxa cf. 1265 note.
1275. Kal...8e' 'yes and', the word between being em-
phatic.
1276. direirTvo-a cf. 382 n.
1278. jii^irw a modest equivalent of nrjirore. Cf. Soph.
El. 403, ou dTJra' fJLrjirw vov ro<r6v5' etrjv KCLKOV. TvvSapls irats
Klytaemnestra : the phrase is pleonastic. Cf. Goodwin,
129. 9.
1279. TOUTOV SC. /cre^e?.
1280. oSros heus tu, 1127 n.
1281. The construction involves an ellipse: 'You may
kill me if you like, but it will avail you nought, since &c.'
The murder thus prophesied is told in the Agamemnon of
Aeschylus. Strictly speaking, Mykenae was the royal city
of Agamemnon, but in the time of Euripides the neighbouring
town of Argos had put it into the shade.
dp.|J.Vi. ' awaits ' = cw/a/xeVet.
1282. ovx '&|T 'drag him forth', ou with the future
interrogative is a strong command, Soph. Phil. 975, OVK
el; = ' begone '.
1284. i'pT]Tai 'I have said my say', for the force of the
tense cf. 236 n. v-qo-cov Ipij^wv depends upon Trot, cf. 455;
Goodwin, 168, 182. 2. For the penalty, cf. Od. 3. 270
(Aegisthus), 5?) r6re rbv pev doidov a.ywv es v^crov ^pTjfJLTjv \ /cd\-
XtTrei' oluvoiaiv eXwp KO.I Kvp/JLO. yevtffdai.
1286. KaV \fav=vel maxime, Kal intensive, cf. KO! /LtdXa,
Kal TroXi).
1287. 8nrn5)(ovs ' two '. So Lucr. duplices oculos.
1290. Trop-irifiovs 'to convey us', active, opw The
Greeks did not accurately distinguish between the various
senses, cf. with 6/>w irvods, Aesch. Septem, KTTJTTOV 55opKa.
Cf. 1069 n.
1294. TWV 8(nrocnjvo)v (xoxOwv the evils of servitude : cf.
Aesch. Persae 587, oi)/cert ^ea^o^opovffw dea-jroffvpoiffiv aVo7/cacs.
METRICAL NOTES.
59 99. Anapaestic: the difficulties are in the following
lines :
62. Aa/3ere <pp \ ere TT^UTT | ex' aelp \ ert JJLOV. The four
short syllables in the first foot are counted as equivalent to an
anapaest, ~~ , and are justified by the rapid and excited tone
which Hecuba assumes. The dfyas of Person is not necessary.
69. rl TTOT' atpofj.cu frwxos ourw. A paroemiac, unless we
insert ap' before aZ/oo/iat, when we have a full but rather ugly
anapaestic dim. : Hartung, contrary to all authority, suggests
76. (fropepw | 6\pLV fa | aOov tdd \ 7\v. The 3rd foot like the
1st in 62. tdov (i.e. cldov with augment omitted) has been
suggested after fyiv.
83. TL vtov, final syllable is lengthened in pause.
90, 91. Dactylic lines, as are 74, 75. The reading dvo^rws
removes all difficulty. If avdyicq. in 90 and oUrp&s in 91 be
retained, then otVrpws may be repeated and Kal r68e /J.OL defy*
read, the final syllable being elided by synapheia.
100 154. Ordinary anapaestic system.
155 177. Anapaestic, spondees predominating: the diffi-
culties are in
164, 5, two paroemiacs together. v$v is inserted by Mus-
grave after dalfjiw.
168, dactylic.
169, ayacrrbs tv 0det, dim. iamb, brachycatalectic.
170, 171. Two paroemiacs together as in 164, 165. Herra.
puts Trofo in 170 and reads y-rjpalg..
METRICAL NOTES. 125
178 215. Anapaestic, difficulties being in
186. rl iroT 1 avcurrfreLs. A trochaic or dochmiao inter-
spersed.
188. rl r65' dyyt\\eis. To correspond with 186 Herm.
read rl 5' 6 rod' dyye\eis.
191. IlTjAe^ ytvvQ, anapaest, monom. hypercat. Herm.
reads Il^XdSa, yhv\ the a cut off by synapheia.
194. fjLdvvffov, narep, anapaest, monom. hypercat.
201, anapaest, dim. brachycat.
202, anapaest, monom. hypercat. Herm. amends
* * * t-xQlarM
dfipyrdi' r' &p<jev dai/JLuv.
209, 210. Cf. 168, 169.
215. Not a paroemiac, as it should be at the end of a
system. Musgrave amends vvTvxt% Kpd<raov y ZKvp<rej>.
444 485. Glyconic, the base of which is a trochee; in
Latin glyconic= trochee or spondee followed by two dactyls.
Observe that the lines generally begin with a single syllable,
long or short, and then break into a dactyl followed by trochees
or spondees. Observe also that the concluding lines of vrp. a'
and dvrujTp. a! have 11 syllables, and that in 474 and 483 a
spondee is put for a dactyl.
629 667. Dactylico-trochaic, with rather frequent spon-
dees: 632, 641 must be scanned as antispasts, i.e. iambic fol-
lowed by trochee, any equivalent foot being substituted: thus
v A\edv8pos \\ eXart| i/a? KO.Kbv \ rq, ST || IJLOVVT^L \ yq,.
633 642, preponderance of short syllables, which must be
contracted: as
| ra/JieO 1 d | \iov e?r' | /c.r.X.
684 sqq. In the irregular lyric utterances of Hec. we find
the general dochmiac character (of which according to Herm.
there are 48 varieties). The simplest form is ~ ~ . Iamb,
dims, and trims, are interspersed ; but we are not to expect a
correspondence of str. and antistr.
. 906952, dactylico-trochaic.
126 METRICAL NOTES.
1025 1034, dochmiac, the long syllables being sometimes
resolved. 1030 is pure dochmiac. In 1033 Id) is to be counted
as one syllable; with the ordinary reading Al'Scw, the -CLV would
have to be shortened.
10561084. The metre here is very irregular : there is a
preponderance of anapaests and dochmiacs. Thus
1056, anap. dim., reading due to Herm.
1057, anap. paroemiac.
1058, dim. dochm.
1059, dim. dochm. with resolved syllables ; observe quantity
in irotav.
1060, 1, anapaest, dim.
1062, dochm. preceded by a resolved cretic (---)
1063, dochm. dim.
1064, anap. dim.
1065, anap. monometer.
1066, doch. dim.
1067, trim. iamb, brachycatalectic.
1068, doch. monom.
1069
1070
1071 \- , different anapaests.
1072
1073
1074, "doch. dim.
1075
1076
1077, dochmiac.
1078, dochmiac + final cretic : text corrupt.
1079, anapaest, monom. hypercat.
1080, two cretics, unless are or ws be read, when line
dochm.
1081, dochmiac.
1082, anapaest, dim.
1083, iamb. dim. brachycat.
METRICAL NOTES. 127
1084, iamb. dim. brachycat.
1088 1105, dochmiac, cretio, iambic and trochaic.
1088, 9, doch. monom.
1090, doch. dim.
1091, troch. dim. l& one syllable. Of. 1099.
1092, iamb, monom. + cretic.
1093, troch. dim. cat.
1094, iamb. trim, -j) coalesces with otdels.
1095, iamb, monom. hyper.
1096, iamb. dim.
1097, troch. dim. cat.
1098, troch. monom. hyper.
1099, troch. dim.
1100, two cretics resolved.
1101, cretic monom. resolved.
1102, troch. dim. cat.
1103, dactylic.
1104, 5, 6, dochmiacs.
12931295, ordinary anapaestic system.
INDEX.
[CHIEFLY GEAMMATICAL.J
d (Doric), 59, 156
de*, 1182
afpet, 528
afpu, deipw, 107
ato-xtvofjiai (w. inf.), 552, 968
d/coi5w, 576
dXX&, * at any rate', 391
dXXct 7<fy>, 724
aXXoi, 643
aXXore, 28
djjLtrTdfJiwos, 1100
dyU0f7ru/)os, 473
^ (doubled). 359, 742
di/a.(in composition), 1040
tori (in comp.), 57
J, 355
apa, 511, 1119
are, 82
atfa>, a^di/w, 20
abstraction, personified, 293
accusative, absolute, 121, 506
adverbial, 873, 1044
cognate, 645, 912,
962, 1175
double, 49, 285, 579,
812, 988
accusative, of reference, 114,
356,359,433,664,
910
,, w. verbs of motion,
53, 1260
,, from norn. in -ei)s,
882
active for middle, 918, 1108
adjective in -a?os, 32
in -As, 444
in -to, 70
,, in -oeldTjs, 81
in -i/j, 659
,, of two terminations,
69, 151, 296, 592,
659
attributive, 101, 131
proleptic, 113, 533,
782, 797, 1031
temporal, 69
w. gen. = superlative,
716
anachronism, 510
aorist, forms of, 672
infinitive, 5
JEolic, 820
gnomic, 598, 847, 1194
loosely used, 369
momentary, 382, 967,
1276
INDEX.
129
aorist, = pluperfect, 571
article, 354
attraction into relative clause,
771
asyndeton, 86
augment, 18
B
X6ro>='live', 311
r
7<fy>, 89
ye, 246, 745, 766
ye fj.evToi, 600
caesura, 355
change of construction, 539
,, of tense, 21, 189, 266,
963, 1134
collective sing. w. plural verb,
39
comparative double, 377
conjunction final, 27, 818
conjunctivus delib., 88, 422,
737, 738, 1042, 1057
contemporary allusion, 458,
651
crasis, 1094, 1160, 1226, 1249
cretic final, 383, 507, 729
genitive, ydjj.wv=7replyajj,. 350
,, yovvdrwv, 752
w. f^cu, 398
,, w. Trot and TTOU, 455,
1064, 1285
,, xep6s, 523
causal, 157, 211, 238,
661, 752, 783, 962
w. verb of depriving,
324
definitive, 65
of exclamation, 475
w. neut. adjective,
193
genitive, of object aimed t,
344
objective, .715, 973
of origin, 379, 420
,, partitive, 64, 242,
275,610,716,906,
1166
of place, 401
,, possessive, 478, 844
,, of price, 360
of quality, 199, 211
,, of separation, 421,
606, 1031, 1156
subjective, 715
Greek confusion of senses,
1069, 1290
s, 470
Se<nr6rr)s, 397
57j, 116, 258, 413
dj Trore, 484
57)ra, 247, 367, 623, 756
did, w. gen,, 851
diet, in comp., 65
diadoxos, 588
ia(f>epw, 595
STos, 458
doiceiv (tech. term), 109
doKow (absol.), 121
50KOVVTS, Ol, 295
dopl, So pei, 5
SoplKTIJTOS, 478
56^a, 370
5^77, 253
t, 740, 1057
dative, adverbial, 100
of agent, 309, 863
causal, 251, 958, 1167,
1183
,, commodi, 41
130
INDEX.
dative, ethical, 182, 197, 605,
674, 869
= gen., 422, 1267
incommodi, 1119
of manner, 100
of motion, 207
of place, 682
of reference, 595, 660,
1054
Derivations.
dXdo-rwp, 686
d\la(rTos, 85
dptyapros, 193
ajU7ru, 465
avQbKpoicos, 471
apepov, 67
/3aXids, 90
dlirrvxos 'two', 1287
TW, 651
tw, 507
(TO}, 115
i/s, 804
ice/wcls, 352
K\&s, 1224
/c67ris, 133
KOpfJLOS, 474
, 700
, 8
^;, 39
?, 1170
ffKlTTWVy 65
<r/cldrarcu, 916
o-x^rXtos, 783
rdXas, 20
xXwpds, 129
(pdcryavov, 876
<j)poi/JLioi>j 162
<ppov8os, ib.
dialect (Doric), 59
Doric forms, 1198
E
r,76
el w. impf. 1216, 1228
el (wish), 836
-ei, not -77 in fut. 408
u, 264, 1085, 1122
, 605
n, 825
etra 5^ra, 623
^/c ('after') 55, 915
*(' by'), 407
^K in comp., 1270
tact (in Hades), 418
iiceWev ( = tKi), 731
^/cTToSo)^ w. dat. 52, 1054
ATT/S, 370
^wuX s 69
eTT^o-crcxj, 1070
tTrepeidbfJLcvos, 114
^Tre^x /** 14 ' ^^^
^ w. ace. 514, 522, 634
w. dat. 648, 822
in comp. Ill, 542
*7ri#w, 583
tffTtvvt. adv. ( = x et )> 732
ftm? ??, 857
^(rw, 616
ciJcrx^w?, 569
^^ecrrd^at, 363
t(j>pd<r6i) (mid.), 546
Ixw w. 5id, 851
?xw w. particip. 1013
fyw, 994
ellipsis, 186
epithet transferred, 65, 772
euphemism, 414, 418
future, 485
y, 350
INDEX.
131
H
KcpSatvoiiLai) 518
7J5, 323
/cep/cls, 362
TJKW, 1
Kpowol, 568
Tjo'juei', 1112
KTTjQels (pass.), 448
Tfcroj (intrans.), 164
jcv/>6w (w. ace.), 697
v\i) (augm.), 18
A
hendiadys, 540
Aa^/mos, 401
e
Xatyios, 565
0i?Xvs, 659
Ad/rai^a, 651
dVfJLO\JfJLVOVt 299
X^t (mid. or pass.), 906
I
XVTT/JOS, 362
%u (intrans.), 164
quantity of, 900
locative, 41, 152
ba, 27, 102
ft/a (w. past tense of ind.), 818
M
ba (where), 711
yU^...dXXo!,, 824
ZffTTIfU, 494
tfv ovv, 728, 1261
imperfect (force of), 96
infinitive (a subst.), 5, 214,
IJierd (in comp.), 213, 509
,, w. dat., 355
iifrn it\nfniin i 91 ^
374, 1076, 1107, 1128
/xeracrrerxw, 509
interrogative (=neg.), 349
Ionic forms, 752
^ (and ou), 235, 282, 378,
608, 874
juxtaposition, 45, 126
fj,7j (after word which it quali-
fies), 12, 867
K
fi'f) (=roO //-))), 338
Kal (intens.), 1286
Mdt (and oi)5^), 394
K al dt, 1275
/JL7)TTW (=fJLr)TTOT6), 1278
Kal di), 758
/xi) o-i^e (formula), 408
K al fjity, 216, 317, 665, 824,
,uupioj, 606
1224
Atw^, 676
Kal ris (r/s Kal), 515
Kdpa ('person'), 677
masculine (of women), 237
Kard (in comp.), 132
metaphors, 29, 144, 379, 403,
KaTdpxopai w. ace., 685
553, 560, 583
KartKrav, 1216
/car' 9^a/>, 628
N
jtefcai, 418, 496
vrivefjiov, 533
KtKev6a, 880
viv, 515
KtK\r)fAai, 480
vvv, 357
1-32
INDEX.
negative (after word which it
qualifies), 12, 867
neuter, 591
,, plur. w. sing, verb, 839
nom. (for voc.), 534
Zwtiraure (intrans.), 118
o( = 8i o), 13
6yK6ofjiat t 623
66e, 92, 203
olSa (declined), 698
ofts re v !5
olcr0' oiiv o dpao-ov, 225
6W, 398, 1080
6pacr0cu ( = 6pax), 319
offov ofl, 143
oVrts, 55, 297
ou (='no'), 399
otf IJ.TJ (w. aor. conj.), 1039
ofl pty, 401
ot5ei> (adverb), 106
oiW/ca, 787
OVTOS ( = heus), 1127, 1280
optative (force of), 854
of indef. frequency,
819, 1165
oxymoron, 612
n
TTO.V (in comp.), 500
Trdpa, 34
Trapd (in comp.), 288, 587, 703
Trapaa-xes, 842
irdpodos, 100
U, 498
97, 471
^eto-a, 890
, 356
vdfftatfy 447
s, 866
etiot), 447
Trore (in petitions), 69
oTvia, 70
oO = oVov, 1125
' and Trotetj/, 56
, 135
eiTTw, 438
irpos (in comp.), 64
Srnj/, 406
u, 613
7rr6X(s, 767
7rcD)aa, 392
TrcDs /ca(, 515
parenthesis, 1160, 1272
participle w. article ( = subst.),
299
w. verbs of emotion,
244, 342, 397
fut. (force of), 143
looselyused, 369, 386
,, two together, 358
particle of comparison, 82, 179
of emphasis, 246, 745,
756
,, of interrogation, 69,
116, 247, 258, 676
of time, 112
patronymics, 583, 1278
passive perf. = mid., 264, 801
perfect 2nd, 433
person, change of, 1195
play on words, 427, 441
pleonasm, 104, 1278
plural for sing., 82, 237, 265,
386, 415, 514, 616,
1107, 1240
,, verb w. two nouns, 89
vague, 403
praegnans constructio, 419
preposition omitted, 146
present, force of, 79, 91, 340
INDEX.
133
prohibition by interrog., 1282
proleptic epithet, 113, 533,
782. 797, 1031
pronoun, understood in adj.,
23
p = ps, 8
s, 366
(=rfw), 448
tense, sequence of (see se-
quence)
change in (see change)
tmesis, 99, 504, 1172
<ra.lpW) 362
ff0ev, 850
<r?ya and <riya, 531
<r/c<5ros (gender), 1
O"irov5rj, 100
ffvyK\yeu>, 430
<r0e, 260
senses, confusion of in Greek,
1069, 1290
sequence of tenses, 27, 712,
818, 1139, 1149, 1245
subject, change of, 488
substantive ( = adj.), 120, 137,
1253
superlative, double, 620
stasimon, 444
T
rdv( = ^),473, 636
re, position of, 80, 426
-n (adv. in), 617
ris (collective), 649
(enclitic), 370
T\7)[JL(i}TS, 562
rb M <re, 514
TCH, 228, 606
rptrcuos, 32
(w. ace.), 51
v, 41
M, in comp., 6, 812
,, w. gen., 53
UTTOTTTOS (active), 1135
, 367
ds, 158
O (of contempt), 863
O, 1238
potifjievos, 29
AXots /SaXXei^, 574
f 496
X
?/>, 379
^, 873
5?7S, 81
, 282
, 629
i 260
ws, 622
( = fo-^ wy), 346, 400
w. participle, 511, 1146
cos dV, 330
wcrre (of comparison), 179,
337
j>, 394
, 311
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