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MAIN
IRIPIDES
IE-CUBA
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Classics,
THE HECUBA
OF
EURIPIDES.
A REVISED TEXT WITH NOTES AND AN
INTRODUCTION
BY THE
REV. JOHN BOND, M.A.
CHAPLAIN AND CLASSICAL INSTRUCTOR ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY, WOOLWICH ;
FORMERLY SCHOLAR OP ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD;
AND
ARTHUR SUMNER WALPOLE, M.A.
FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD. 1
Honlron :
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1882
[The right of translation and reproduction is reserved.]
PKINTED BY C. J. CLAY & SON,
AT THE UNIVEESITY PRESS.
PEEFACE.
THE present edition of the Hecuba is mainly in-
tended to explain and illustrate the play itself. But
it being impossible to treat a Greek play as a separate
and isolated whole we have tried to make sure that
a boy after carefully and intelligently studying our
commentary shall not merely be able to pass a close
examination in the Hecufta v; itself, but shall know
more both of Euripides and of Greek scholarship in
general.
Our obligations to previous editors are very great :
but we have carefully avoided the mistake of writing
a mere compilation, which must needs be crude and
therefore unsatisfactory. The editors to whom our
acknowledgments are more especially due are Porson,
Pflugk, Hermann, Dindorf, Kirchhoff, Nauck, Paley,
Wecklein and Weil.
Our text is for the most part conservative, follow-
ing (as all modern editors must) the lead of Kirch-
12
vi PREFACE.
lioff, whose edition of 1855 placed the text of Euripides
on a new footing. With him we have given great
weight to the best class of MSS., viz. the Mar dan
(xii. cent.), the Vatican (xiii. ?), and the two Parisian,
2712, 2713; denoted by Prinz A, B, E, a respec-
tively. The 'best MS.' occasionally mentioned in the
commentary is the first of these.
All quotations have been given in full, and the
only book to which mere references have been made
is Prof. Goodwin's excellent School Greek Grammar.
We gratefully acknowledge valuable help and advice
from the well-known scholars Prof. Kennedy, Mr E. S.
Shuckburgh and Mr A. W. Yerrall.
INTRODUCTION.
EURIPIDES was born B. c. 480, perhaps on the very
day when in 'the* battle' at ( sea-born Salamis' Athens
under Themistokles destroyed the great Persian force
which Xerxes had brought against Hellas, and won
the fight of civilisation and progress over stagnation
and barbarism. His lot was therefore cast in the
most brilliant epoch of Athenian history, and while
he was growing up to manhood the life of the whole
of Hellas ran high, all was movement and vigour
tempered by Athenian taste into an artistic beauty
dignified by power. The literary form which this out-
burst of energy took was, as in Elizabethan England,
the drama. Aeschylus born B.C. 525 and Sophokles
born B.C. 495 had perfected the form of tragedy, the
one ruggedly grand, the latter ideally perfect. It
was reserved for their great successor Euripides to
make tragedy not heroic but human, to paint men
not as they ought to be but as they are when toiling,
rejoicing, sorrowing jn the high-ways and the bye-
ways of everyday life. We may everywhere see
' Our Euripides the human
With his droppings of warm tears
And his touches of things common
Till they rose to touch the spheres'.
* Xen. Andb. I. 2. 9.
viii INTRODUCTION.
'His object was to excite interest, not by distant
grandeur like Aeschylus, nor by ideals however touch-
ing and poetic like Sophokles, but by bringing real
men and women on the stage, with real human
passions and feelings as his countrymen saw them
every day in Athens. The strong side of this realism
is clearly < the touch of nature ', the weak side is the
danger of its losing all effect and becoming common-
place and undignified'.
^The HECUBA tells the story of the Trojan queen's
sorrows, the hateful exchange of slavery for royal
estate, the foul murder of her son, the sacrifice of her
daughter, and the bloody revenge wreaked by her
upon the slayer of her boy. It abounds with the
good and bad points of the poet. It is, as Aristotle
said, the 'most tragic' of dramas, and is full of pathetic
power. But the set harangues on the possibility of
teaching virtue and on the value of rhetoric (traces of
the poet's intimate relations with Sokrates, Anaxagoras
and other leading spirits of his day,) sound cold and
in bad taste, coming as they do from the mouth of a
mother steeped in bitter Woe. Again, the loose j oining
of the two parts of which the play is composed indi-
cates a weak point in the poet. The death of Polyxena
and the cruel revenge upon Polymestor are really two
separate pieces which Euripides has not cared to weld
into one very fast whole. For whereas Sophokles
contrived that every scene should lead up to the
catastrophe, Euripides relied upon the telling nature
of particular situations. \
It is somewhat strange that, while Euripides gained
the first prize but five times in the course of his long
dramatic career, so many as 1 8 of his plays have come
down to us as against seven of Sophokles and Aeschylus
respectively. His tender pathos and modern spirit
INTRODUCTION. ix
will account for his popularity in modern times ; for
his want of success in his own days, ' why crown whom
Zeus has crowned in soul before?'
In criticising such prologues as that spoken by the
shade of Polydorus, we must remember that every
Athenian in the theutre knew perfectly well already
the whole tale of 'the mobled queen.' But he would
watch with breathless interest to see how the poet
would work out and develop the familiar story, and the
prize would be adjudged accordingly. The audience
was probably as highly educated as our own Commons;
'for the house is clever', said Aristophanes, one of the
cleverest of them all. Macaulay truly says, 'An
Athenian citizen might possess very few volumes ; and
the largest library to which he had access might be
much less valuable than Johnson's bookcase in Bolt
Court. But the Athenian might pass every morning
in conversation with Socrates, and might hear Pericles
speak four or five times in a month. He saw the plays
of Sophocles and Aristophanes: he walked amidst the
friezes of Phidias and the paintings of Zeuxis : he knew
by heart the choruses of Aeschylus'.
The date of the Hecuba is fixed with fair precision
to B.C. 425 or thereabouts. For Aristophanes in the
Clouds* , which came out B.C. 423, parodies v. 172;
compare also the notes on 462, 650. Its moral is
the antithesis of barbarism and savagery to Hellenic
culture and the reign of law, together with a practical
illustration of the favourite Greek saying Spda-avri
iraOeiv. The scene is laid in the Thracian Chersonese,
over against Troy, where the anger of Achilles has
held back the favourable wind from the Greek fleet.
His Shade has just appeared above his tomb, dernand-
* 1165.
x INTRODUCTION.
ing as sacrifice the fairest of the Trojan maidens. A
Greek council of war votes that Hecuba's daughter
Polyxena shall die. Here the action of the play
opens.
Structure of the Play.
I. PROLOGUE, 1 99 = that part of a tragedy
which precedes the first entrance of the
chorus.
II. PARODUS, 100 154 = the song of the chorus
as they march into the orchestra and take
their place.
III. First EPISODE, 155443.
IY. First STASIMON, 444 483. A Stasimon is a
song sung by the chorus from their sta-
tion.
Y. Second EPISODE, 484628.
YI. Second STASIMON, 629 657.
VII. Third EPISODE, 658904.
VIII. Third STASIMON, 905952.
IX. EXODUS, 953 end.
Episodes are the dialogues which come between two
choral odes, and it will be seen that they roughly
divide the whole play into acts. The Doric poet
Alkman gave an artistic form to the choral lyric by
arranging that the chorus, whilo singing stasima, should
execute alternately a movement to the right (STROPHE
turning) and a movement to the left (ANTISTROPHE) ;
and he composed the songs which the chorus was to
sing in couples of stanzas called STROPHE and ANTI-
STROPHE, answering to these balanced movements.
Tisias of Sicily (sumamed Stesichorus, 'marshal of
choruses',) perfected the form of the choral lyric by
adding to STROPHE and ANTISTROPHE a third part, the
INTRODUCTION. xi
EPODOS, sung by the chorus while it remained station-
ary after the movements to right and left.
It is advisable to add a few words in explanation of
the scholia which are sometimes cited in the com-
mentary. The scholia of Euripides consist of a putting
together of two continuous commentaries, the fuller one
the work of Dionysius, the other by an anonymous
writer, both drawing from Alexander, who again
drew largely from Didymus : he for the most part re-
produced the opinions of earlier commentators. The
genealogy therefore is (1) Didymus, (2) Alexander,
(3) (a) Dionysius, (b) Anon., (4) the Scholia them-
selves.
E K A B H.
TA TOY APAMATOS IIPO2QIIA.
nOATAQPOT EIAQAON.
EKABH.
XOPOS AIXMAAfiTIAQN TTNAIKON.
HOATSENH.
OATSSETS.
TAA6TBIOS.
0EPAHAINA.
HOATMHSTflP KAI 01 HAIAES ATTOT.
The scene is laid throughout in the Grecian encampment on
the shores of the Thracian Chersonese.
Vj RSJTTJ
EKABH.
nOATAOPOT EIAOAON.
vcKpoov KevjAwva /cat (TKOTOV
^copts w/ctcrrcu, $ewi/,
?^5 Trats yeyoj? r^s Ktcrcreoo?,
s, 05 //,', 7Tt
Sopt 7T(,7r
Tra/njp, tv', et TTOT' 'IXtov rei^r] Trecrot,
rots ^(Scrtv etTy Trotter! /XT; crTravts ^t'ov.
S' ^i/ ITptajittSwj/' o /cat //, yijs
' ovre yap o?rXa
OVT* cy^os otos T* ^v vea> jSpa^tovt. 15
ew? jitev ovv y^s op^' eKt0' optV/xara,
TrupyoL T aOpavcrroL Tpa>tK?7s ^crav ^^ovos,
Efcrwp T' aSeXc^os OVJJLOS TJVTV^L Sopt,
/caXo3s Trap' aVSpt pry/ct, Trarpwa) ^eva),
Tpoaurti/, ws Tts Trrop^os, yv&prjv raXa?. 2O
EYPIHIAOY
C7Tt 8c TpOttt ff "E/CTOpOS T CtTTo
cx* 0' ccrrt'a
auras /ut) Trpo?
KTCtVct jtie xpvcrov TOI/ TaXatVco/oov X^ tv 2 5
-TraT/Dwog, Kal Kravcov cs oTS/jt* aXos
Xj w* avros xpvcrov cv So/xot? ej(>7.
icet/xat 8* CTT* aKTrjSj aXXor' cv TTOVTOU oraXa),
, ara^>os' vvv 3' VTTC/D ^rpos ^>tXi;s 30
atcrcra), CTW/A' cp^/xcJcras c/xov,
ev yij rrJSe Xcpcrov^crta
tjJirj SVCTT^VOS K Tpota? ?rapa.
8* 'A^atot vav? C^OVTC? ^orv^ot 35
Odcrcrovar* CTT* aKTats T^crSc prjKias
ecog yap Trats vTrcp rvp/Sov <^
os OLKOV tvOvvovTas va,\iav
atret 8* a8cX^v T^V e/x.7}v IloXv^e^v 40
Tv/AjSw ^!)tXov TrpocrcftayfJia /cat yepa?
Kal Tcvfcrat rovS', ovS' aScop^ro?
ccrrat ?rpos avSptov* 17 TrcTrpco/Aeviy 8* aya
a8eX<^7yv rcSS* C/XT/V ev ^/xart.
otv 8c ?rat8otv 8vo vcKpw Karoif/eraL 45
V KOpr/5.
8ovX>ys TToSaJi/ TrdpoiOtv eV
OVS yap Kara) TroSa
s, ^avracr/xa Set/xatvouo"' c/xor.
p, r/Tis IK rvpawtKaJi/ 8ojW,cov 55
SouAetov ^/xap eTSe?, cos Trpacrtrets /ca/cco?,
ev TTOT*. civTtcn7Ka)(ras 8e crc
^ecov rts Tijs 7rapoi0' cvTrpa^tas.
EKABH.
aycr*, co TTtuSeg, TT;V ypavv Trpo So/xcov,
aycr', opOovvai T^V ofJioBovXov, 60
TpcoaSes, v^tv, Trpocr^e 8' avavcrav.
epcTC, 7re//,7TT*, ctctpere //.ou
yepatas
KCtyCO CTKoXtCO tTKtTTCOVt X C P O?
CTTTCVCTCO
co cTTcpOTra A to 9, co cT/corta vu^,
Tt TTOT aipo/xat T/wp(05 OVTCO
Set/xacTt, c^acT/xacrtv ; co Trorvta x^toV> 7
/uteXavoTrrepvycov jutcxrep oVapcov,
civ Trept TratSos e/jtov TOU crco^o/x,evov Kara
rjs re c^tX^s ^vyaTp<5s St* ovctpcov 75
EYPiniAOY
fjiovog OLKWV ayis /xot Kpwwxrtv ovetpovs ;
yap fBaXiav eXafyov XVKOV atfjiovi X a ^ 9
' yovarcov
Kat roSe 8et/x,a /XOL*
VTrep a/cpas rvfjiflov
A^tXecos* 95
]7Tt Se yepas raj^ 7roXv/xo^^a>i/
Ttva TpwtaScov.
a?r* c/xas ovi/, CXTT* c/xas roSe TratSos
XOPOS.
Trpos o-' cXtaa-^r, loo
ras SecrTrocrvvovs cr/o;i/as TrpoXtTrovo" ,
tv* iKXrjwOrv Kal
7175 'IXta8o9, Xo'y
Trpos 'A^atwv, 105
cxXX* ayyeXtas /3apos d
EKABH. 7
/xeya, o~ot T, yvvai, Krjpv ap^eoav.
ev yap 'A^atcov TrX^pet fvvoSw
XeyeTac 8ofat o"?}^ 7rat8' 'A^tXet IIO
^' ore xpvcreois if^dvy] crvv o?rXots,
ras TTOVTOTropovs 8'
\a.Lrj TTporoVots eT
raSe ^caucrcrcov, 115
Trot 877, Aavaol, rov e/xov rvp
crreAXeo*^' ayepaaTOv a
TToXX^S 8* epcSoS ^W7TatO"
8o^a 8' e^wpet St^' ai/* '
crrparoi/ alxjjirjTrjv, rots ju.ei> StSoVat 120
Tv/Jij3it) 'A^vwv, 125
8torcrc3i/ [AvOwv p/ropes
y^co/x,]7 8e jitta
TOV A.^iX\LOV TVfJLoV CTTZCLVOVV
at/xart ^Xwpw, ra 8e Kacrav8pas
Xe/crp' OUK tydrrjv T^S 'A^tXetas 130
TrpocrOtv OrjO-e.iv TTOTC
Sat 8e Xoycov
urai Trcog, Trptv o
K07T19, ^SuXoyo?, SrjfjLox
AaeprtaS^s 7Tt^et orrpartai/
/x-^ TOV apieX^a)V crwv ctTTO
K T6 yepata? X P O< * opp-yvutv. 145
aXX' t^t vaov?, t0t Trpos ^CD/AOVS,
t^' 'Aya/A/xj/ovos t/certs yovarcov
K7Jp\}(Tcre Oeovs TOV<$ T ovpavtSas
rovs 6' VTTO yatav.
^ yap crc Xtrat 8iaKtoXvcrou(r' 150
dp^>avov ctj/at TratSos //.eXcas,
^ 8et or* eTTtSetv TV/JL/^OV TrpoTrerr)
owi(rarofjivr]v al/x-art TrapOtvov
CK vpvcro^)Opov
$iprjepras* cojuoi ymot.
ioi ; Troia yev^a, 160
ravrav 77 Ketai/,
Trot 8' ^aco ; TTOV rts
EKABH. 9
$ecoV rj Sat/xcov eVaptoyos ; 165
Trat
Suo-Tavorara? /xare/305, l^eX^'
tt\@ y OIKCOV* ate jttarepos
au8av,
HOATSENH.
/xarcp /Ltarcp, rt ^8oas ; Tt
KOLpV^CLfT OtKCDV /X,', (uVT* OpVIV,
OoifjiptL T(2S' e^eVra^fas ; 1 80
EK. tOJ /X,Ot, TKl/OV.
IIOAYH. rt /xe 8vcr^)^/Xts ; ^>pot)u,ta /xot Ka/ca'.
EK. atat, era? i^v^as.
IIOAYH. efai;Sa, /x,i; Kpv\j/rj, Trat, Sfcr^/xovs fjiarep Suorave /3coVj
K\OLL(jJ TTOLvSvpTOlS OpTfVOl^
TOV e/xov 8 e /3toi/, Xco^Sav Xv/xav T',
ov ju,TaKXato/xat, a'XXa Oavtiv /xoc
^WTf^t'a KpL(Tdai Trpos opOov X^P 'A^tXXet'ov ratfrov.
TTO/XTTOI;? Kat
elvcu* OVJAGLTOS 8*
T* eTrecrrat To9Se Trats
^' o^v o Spacrov; /^T;T' dTrocnracrOrjs /3ta 22$
yty]/wcr/< 8 a\Krjv KOL Trapovcriav Ka/ccoi/
TOJl/ O"COV. pOVLV.
EK. cuar Trapecrr^', cos cotK , aywv jiteya?,
TrXijprjs (rrevay/xwv o^Se Sa/cpvcoi/ KCVOS. 230
Kaywy' ap' ov/c WvrfdKov ov p ^XP^ V $ aF <' l '>
0^8' wXecrev /xe Zev?, rp yap ov 0ovo9, ojut/xarcov T a?ro 240
8e yovarooi/ TCUJ/ c/xcai/ raTretvos wv; 245
12 EYPiniAOY
OA. COOT' IvOcwtiv y (rots TreTrXotcrt
EK. rt S^r' eXeas, SorXos coV /xos Tore;
OA. TroXXcoV Xoywv tvprffJiaO*, tocrre jn?7 $avetv.
EK. la-axra S^ra a*', e^Tre/xi^a re X^OFOS;
OA. cocrr' ctcropav ye eyyos T^Xt'ov roSe. 250
EK. ou/cow KaKwct TotaSe rots
6 X 5 ^ c/xov /xev C7ra0s ota
8* ovSev 7;/xas ev, /ca/cws 8' oo-ov
v/xwv o-Trepjn', ocrot SrjfJirjyopovs
^Xovrc rt/xas* /x-^Sc ytyvcoo'KOta'^e yutot, 255
Ol TOVS ^tXoVS /?Xa7TTOVTS OV ^>pOVTt^CT,
tyy TOtO"t TToXXotS TTpOS X a P LV Xcy^T Tt.
arap rt ST; o~o< 107*0, TOV^' 7yyou//,evot
Is TifvSc TratSa if/rj^ov wpLcrav ovov;
TO XP^ V ^^ eTnyyay* av^/)a)7rocr^)aytv 260
VfJLpoV, tvOci /3ovOvTlV /XttXXoV 7T/)7Tt;
^ TOVS /cravovras avraTTOKTcrvat ^eXcov
CS T7/^8' 'A^tXXVS v8tKO)5 TtJ/t <^O^OVJ
aXX* ovSe^ aurov oJSc y* tpyao"rat /ca/cov.
vtv atrctv XP^ T^^W 7rpoo"^>ay//,aTa* 265
yap wX0"cv rti/ cs Tpotav T* ayet.
ct 8* at^u,aXa)Tov ^P^ TIV* eKKpiTOj/ ^aveti/
KaXXct ^' VTrepc^epovo'av, ov^ rjfjLwv ro'Se*
77 TwSapts yap ctSos K7rp7TO~TaT>7,
a8tKOVO"a ^' ^/xwv ovSev yvcrov rjvpeOrj. 270
T<3 />tV StKato) TovS* djittXX(3ju,at Xoyov
a 8* avrtSovvat 8et a*, aVatTova^s e/xou,
afcoro^ov. ^o> r^s e/x^ yap T/V TTOT', aXXa vvi/ OVK ct/x* ere,
TO^ irdvTd 8' o\/3ov rjjjiap cv fji aL\TO. 285
aXX', a> c^tXov yeVctov, cuSeV^-u />te,
oiKTeipov eXOwv 8' t
as TO TrpwTOV OVK e/cretarc
-a>v ctTTOo-Tracravres, aXX' wKretpare. 290
8' !/ V/Xtl/ TOt? T* IXtvQtpOlS tv
KCLK TCOI/ 8oKovvTO)V auTos ou TavTOV (rOevi. 295
XO. OUK COTtV OVTO) O-TppOS dvOptoTTOV
rjTLs yowv O"cuv Kat ^laKp^
fcXvovo'a Oprfvovs OVK aV Kpd\oi
OA. 'EKa/??/, 8t8ao-/cou, /xTySe T<3
ToV cv XeyovTa Svarjjievrj TTOLOV pvi. 300
cya> TO //.er aw craJ/x , v^> ovTrep
(TO)^tV TOlfJiOa>
'A^atots ^X^cs ; (os c/nX' av Xcyot?.
EKABH. ( T
i/, ey/covw/Aei/, Tjyov /xot, yepov.
TA. cn}v TrcuSa /car^avoucrav w? Oouf/rjs, yvvai,
fJLTacTTL^)V (re* ircfiirova'w Sc /AC
OI T* 'ArpetSat /cat Xcoos 'A^ati/co?. 510
EK. of/xoi, Tt Xc^cts ; OUK ap' cJ? OavovfJLtvovs
s ijfJi.as, aXXa cr^avcGv KaKa ;
(S Trat, fJLrjrpos apTrauOtiv ctTro*
^/XtS S* OLTKV(H TOVTTl CT* * (3 TttXatl/' yO>.
TTCOS /cat vtv e^CTrpa^aT* ; ap' atSov/xe^ot ; 515
?/ 7rpo5 TO Sctvov TJXOtO', (Js e^pav, ytpov,
KTtVoVTS J t7T, /cat7Tp OU Xe^OJV roS* o/x/xa, Trpos Ta ^', or*
irapfjv p\v o^Xos ?ras 'A^attKou crTparov
?rpo Tv/x/3oi> or^s Koprjs 7rt (
wv 6* 'A^tXXecos Trats IloXv^ei/^v
T' CTT* a/cpou ^eo/xaTO5, 7reXa9 S* eycu*
T 'A^ataji/ eKKptrot veai/tat, 525
/xocr^ou cr^s Ka^c^ovrcs ^cpotr,
O"7rovTO* TrX^pes S' ev ^epotv XayScoj/ SeTras
irdyxpvorov, atpet X 61 / 3 ^ Tttts 'A^tXXews
as OavovTi Trarpt* cr^jitatVct Se /*ot
Travrt Krjpv^ai <7Tpar(3. 530
/ca'yco Trapacrras elTroj/ ev /^ccrots raSe*
Vtyar', 'A^atot, (rtya ?ras Icrrca Xecos*
(Ttya, (TttoTra*' vT/i/e/xov S* fernya*' o^Xov.
o 8 etTrev, f tu Tra? Il^Xeo)?, Trarrjp 8 e/xos,
535
EYPiniAOY
aycoyous* 1X6 8', cos TTI'^S
Kopr}<$ a/cpai ly/uv yc^oi),
Xvtrat re Trpv/xvas /cat xaXtvcon/pta
vecov 8os ^^4^1 Trpev/xevovs T (XTT* 'IXtou 543
FCHTTOU rv^oi/ra? Travras es Trarpav /xoXetF.'
TOCTOUT' IXe^e, Tras S' lirrj-u^aTO crrparos.
etr* dfjupixpvcrov cfrdcryaLVOv KOJTTT/S A.a/3cov
e^ctX/ce /coAeov, Xoyao"t 8' 'Apyetcoi/ crrparou
i/ea^tats Severe irapOtvov Xafieiv. 545
77 8', cos ec/>pa<70?7, rov8' eaTJfJirjvtv Xoyov*
to Trjv /XT}J/ 7repcraFTs 'Apyetot
e/covcra, Qvrj' ^JLTJ rts c^^rat
Trape^co yctp Sep-^v ev/cap8tcos.
Se /x,', cos eAeuflepa ^cxvco, 550
TTpOS ^ecOV jU,$l/TS KTWCILT ' V VKpOLCTL yap
801; A?; KK\7Jcr6ai fiacriXls over* atcr^i;vo/xat.
Xaot 8' eTrcppoOrjcrav, 'Aya/x,e/x-vcov T* a^a^
etTrei/ /xe^etrat TrapOevov veavt'ats.
[^ol 8', cos Tartar' TJKOVOTOLV vo-Tdrrjv OTra, 555
HeOrJKav, ovTrep KOL jLteyto-TOV ^v Kparos.]
KCX7Tt To8* tCT^KOV(T SeCTTTOTCOV 7TOS,
Xafiovcra TreTrXovs ef ciKpas ?rco)U,t8os
XayoVos S ftecrov Trap' o'/xc^aXov,
r' ISct^e crrepva ^', co's aycxX/^aro?, 560
Kat Ka^etcra Trpos yatav yon;
c^e TravraJV rX^jaoveo-Tarov Xoyov
ov ToS', ct /Av crrepvoi/, co veavtia,
ct 8' VTT' avylva.
EKABH. 23
Xpflei9, irdpeo-Ti Aat/xos cvTpcTnyg 6Se. 565
o 8* ov 0\(j)v TC /cat flcAcov, ot/cTa> /cop^s,
Tc/>tvct crtS?7pa> Tn/cv/xaTOs Stappoas'
/cpowot 8' exwpow 17* Se /cat OvTJcrKOVv
a /cpvTrrctv o/Xjaar' apcreVwi/ xp^w. 570
7Tt 8' drJK TrvevfJia Oavacrifup o-c/>ayr/,
ovSets TOV aurov cT^ev 'ApyctW TTOI/OV,
aXX' 01 /AV avT(3v TT/V ^avovcrav CK
\Xov, ot 8e TrXrjpovcri
C/)pOVTCS 7TCV/CtVoV5, O 8' OU C/)CpO)V 575
?rpos TOT) c/>epovTOS rotaS' ^/corev KOLKO,'
1 rr?7/cas, v r 1 ^ TreptVo"' cv/cap8ta>
r dpicrTTj ; ' rotaS' a/xc/)t 0-979 A,ya) 5 8
Oavova"r]s' curcKVcaTaT^v 8e o~e
yuvat/cwv Svo'Ti'^ccrTaT^v ^' o'po?.
XO. 8ctvov Tt TrrjfJia ITpta/xtSats 7re^O'
TroXet T n/jfJifj' Oeuv avay/catov roSe.
EK. a> 01/yarep, ov/c otS* ct? o rt ^Aei^co /caKwv, 585
TToAAwv TrapovTwv ijv yap ai^a)/>cat rtvo?,
roS' OVK ea //., TrapaKaAet 8' e/epct,
E. H. 3
24 EYPiniAOY
8' a/xapTOucr' 7rov?7pds ovSev aXXo 77X7}^ Ka/cds,
d 8* eo~$Xds cr$Xds, ovSe crv/^opas VTTO
v^tp', aXXa ^p^crros CCTT' act;
ap* ot T/coi/TS SiOLcfrepovcrw, rj rpoat;
6^t ye /xei/TOt Kat TO OptcfrO-fjvai icaXws 600
St3atv ecr^Xov* roi;TO 8' ^V rts ev fta%,
oTSev TO y' ato^pov, KOLVOVL TOV KCL\OV p,a6wv.
/cat TavTa /xev 87; vovs cTo^euorev fMaTrjv
orv 8' X0 Kat o-ijfAyvov 'Apyetot? Ta8e,
p} ^tyyavetv /x,ot ft^SeV, dXX' etpycti/ o^Xov 605
T?;S TratSos. eV Tot jW-vpt
a/coXaoTTOs o^Xos vavTiKt] T
Kpetcrcrcuv ?rupos, Ka/cos 8* d /x?y Tt Spwv /ca/cdv.
OT) 8' av Xa/3ov(ra TCV^O?, cxp^ata XaTpt,
/3ai//aor' eveyKe Sevpo TrovTtas aXo9, 610
ws ?rat8a XovTpots Tots TraworaTOis e/ATyv
r avvfji<$>ov irapOevov r
ov/c av SvvatfJLrjv (us 8' e^co* Tt yap 7ra^a>;
KOO-/AOV y* ayetpao-' atx/^aXa)Tt8a)v Wpa, 615
at /xot TrapeSpot Twj/S' Icrco
VOLlOVO-LVj t Tt9 TOVS VCCOCTTt
Xa^ouo-' e^et Tt AcXe/xjua TOOV avTi^s 8o/xa>v.
(S CrXTJfJLOLT OtKCUV, <3 7TOT* CVTV^etS 8d/XOt,
cS TrXetcTT* e^cov KaA-XicrTa T', evre/cvcoTaTe 620
Ilpta/jic, yepata $' 178' eyco p-iJTrjp TCKVCOV,
cos cs TO /x^Sev T/Ko/xev, i/ TrXovcrtots ei> Sw/xacrtv,
O 8' J/ TToXtTatS Tt/ZtOS KK\r)fJLVOS. 625
ra 8' ovScv* aAAcos <^>povTt8a)i/
yXwaO");? T KO/ATTOt. KtVO5 o
oro) Kar' "5/xap rvy^avet /x^Sev Ka/cov.
XO. c/xot x/ 3 ^ wpcfropav, crrp.
e/xot XP^ V Tiy/aomv yevecr^at, 630
'iSat'av or TrpajTOv v'Xav
'AAe^avSpos etXartVav
cTa/x,$', aXtov TT' oT8/Aa vaucrroX^crcov
'EXevas cTTt XeKTpa, rav KaXXtVrav o ^pv(ro-
<^a?}s 635, 6
*AXtos avya^et.
TTOVOI yap Kat TTOVWV dvr.
avayKat /cpet'crcrovc? KV/cXovvrat.
/cotvov 8' e^ tSt'as avota? 640
KOLKOV ra 2t/>iovvTt8t ya
IftoXe, crvfji<^opa r art aXXcov.
8' ept9, av i/ J/ I-
8a KptVct rptcroras /xaKapcov 645
CTTt 8opt /cat <^ova> Kat e/xcov /AeXa^pwv Xw/?a* 7ra)S.
(TTei/ct 8e Kat rts a^^)t rov cvpoov EvpcJrav 650
AaKatva TroXvSaKpvros ev 8o/xots Kopa,
TToXtOV T* CTTt KpCLTtt fJLOLTTjp
8pv7TTCTat re Trapctav, 655
32
26 EYPIHIAOY
0EPAHAINA.
yvvatKes, "ft Kafir) TTOV TTO& tj 7rava0Xia,
rj TraVra VIKWCT' aV8pa /cat OrjXvv cnropdv
KctKOLs, Iv ovSeis crTavov dvOaiprjcreTcu', 660
XO. TI 8 s , (5 raA-atva cr^s Ka/tot
TTCXVTWV 'Axatoov Sta
E. 178' ovSev oIScv, aXXa /xot
OpTjVCL, VWV 8e TT^/XCXTCDV OU^ aTTTCTttt. 67$
EK. ot 'yoj raXatva, jw-cDv TO /BaK^eLOV Kapa
T^S 0co-7ria)Sov Scvpo Kao-avSpas
E. fwcrav XcXaKa?, TOV Oavovra 8' ov
roj/8*. aXX' dOprjcrov o"e3/*,a yvjjiVtoOcv vc/cpov,
ct orot ) TTtttS' /X,oV TeOvrjKOTOL
v, ov /x,ot prj ecrco^' ot/cois dvrjp.
SvO^TT^VOS, OVKCT* t/*t 877.
<3 TCKVOV,
EKABH. 27
atat, Karapxo/mt vopov 685
dXatrropos
E. eyvcos yap aV^v TratSog, co Svor^ve tru;
EK. aTTL&T aTrtcrra, Katva /catva Sep/co/xat.
crepa 8' cx^)' erepwv KttKcx KCXKOJV /cvpet* 690
ovSeTTor' acrrevaKrov, aSa/cpviov a//,epa /A* cTncr^-
^J/rfcTKCt?, TtVt 7TOT/XO) KCtCTat J TTpOS TtVOS
E. OVK oTS*. CTT' ciKTats vtv Kvpco
EK. K/3\r)Tov, 77 Trecr-rjiJLa <^>otvtov 8opos,
ev ^a/xa0a> Xevpa ; 700
E. TTOI/TOV rtv e^r/veyKC TreXaytos KXvSwi/.
EK. w/xot, atat, e/xa^ov CWTTVOV o/x/xarwv
IjLtwv oi/^ti/, ov jit 7rape/2a <^>a-
cr/xa /xeXat'OTrTCpov 75
aV ecretSov a/x^)t a*',
0) TKVOV, OVKT* OJ/Ttt AtO9 CV pwv (^paaat ;
EK. e/xos e/x6 ^eVo?, p>7/aos tTTTrora?, 710
tV o yepa)!/ TraTrjp Wzro viv Kpui^a?.
XO. o)ju,ot, rt Xe^ets ; xpvcrov cos ^77
EK. apprjTj avcoi/Ojuao-Ta, Oavfjiarw
ov% ocrt', o{i8' dvKra. TTOV StKa ^evwv ; 7 J 5
co KarapaT* aVSp<3i/, cos Ste/xotpacrco
6 a ) crtSapeco reyacov c^acrycxvco
28 EYPIIIIAOY
ju,\ea rovSe TratSos, ovS* OWCTICTCO. 720
XO. co rXrjfJLOVj cos ere TroXvTroi/coTarqv /3pOTv
8atjw,a)i/ eOrjKtv, OOTIS eort crot /3apvs.
aXX' eio~op(3 yap rovSe Secr-TroTou 8e/xas
. 725
, rt /xeXXets TratSa (TT)V KpvTrretv Ta^>a>
-', ' otcTTrep Ta\6vfiios vjyytiXe ftot
ft>} 6iyydvc.iv (rfjs /x-^Sev' 'Apyctcov Kop^s ;
77/^6 ts jnev ouv ctc3/xv ovS* ei^avo/xev*
crv Se cr^oXa^et9, tocrTC OavfjLaL&w e/>te. 73
TyKw 8* a7roo"TeXa)i/ tv' ecrrtv, ct rt rcovS' ecrrti/ KaXaJs.
ca* rtV avSpa rovS' C7rl o-KTyi/ats o'pw
Tpwcov ; ov yap 'Apyetoi/, 7T7rXot
7rpi7TTv<7(rovTeg ayyeXXovcrt /xot. 735
EK. Sucmyv', efjLOLVTrjv yap Xeya> Xeyovcra o~,
Ty, rt 8pacra) ; Trorepa TrpocrTrecro) yovv
ov8', 77 <^>epeo crty^ Ka/ca ;
AI\ rt /xot TrpocrajTTw VOJTOV lyK\ivacra crov
Supet, TO Trpa^Oev 8' ov Xeyets, rt? ecr^' oSe. 74
EK. aXX' ct /xe SovXr/i/ TroXc/xtav ^' ^you/xevos
yovarcov ctTrworatr', aXyos av Trpocr^etjue^' aV.
AP. ovrot TrcVKO. /xotvrts, co'crrc
e^tcrrop^crat CTCOV oSov
EK. ap* KXoyt^ojitat ye Trpos TO 8vcr/>teves 745
/xaXXov pevas TOvS', OVTOS ov^t Suoyxevovs ;
AF. ct TOI j/,6 jSovXct TcSvSe /x^Sev ctSeva*,
EKABH. 29
S TOLVTOV ^KCtS* KCU jdp OvS' yCO K\VW.
EK. OVK oV $vvai]jir)v ToOSe Tijucopeti/ arcp
TKVOlCTt TO?? C/XOtCTl. Tt O"Tpe.
EK. TOVTOV 7TOT* TKOV KaepOV ^CDVT^S V7TO.
AP. lo-Ttv Se Tts ora)^ OVT05, v. 770
AT 1 . Trpo? aVSp'j os &PX t 7 " ) ? cr ^
EK. ei/Tau$' iiri^Ori TTLKpOTaTOV ^pvcrov <[>vXa.
AF. Qvrjo-Ktt, 8e Trpos TOV Kat TtVos TTOT/XOV
EK. TtVos y VTT dXXov ; p]7^ vtv coXo~
AP. <3 rXfjfJiov, rj TTOV xpuo-oV irjpoicrOrj Xafielv ; 775
EK. TOtavT*, eTretS^ vp,X T ' OMrovcr' e aAos IIoXTj^ei/^. 780
AF. KTavcov vtv, cJs eotKv, KJ3d\\i
EK. ^aXacroroTrAay/croV y', coSe Starc/xcov
AP. w a^erXta TOJV a/xcrp^TCDV TTOVCOV.
EK. oXcoXa, KovSev XOITTOV, 'Ayotjite/xvoF,
AI\ ^>e{; tAa)i/*
TU^WV 8* oo"a)v Set Kat Aa/3wv Trpo/^ry^tav,] 795
KTtV, TVJJt.f3oV 8', t KTttVCtV /3ovAeTO,
OVK ?)tWI>, CtAA' d7JK TTOVTtOV.
7j/XtS /XV OVI/ SoOAot T KaCT^VtS tO~0>S*
dAA* ot ^eot o-Qivovvi x<# KtVa>v Kparwv
vojuos* vo/jta) yap TOVS 0eovs TjyovjLte^a, 800
Kat <3/xev aStKa Kat 8tKat*
os es o- aveojv ct
Kat /AT} StK^v Swo-ovo-tv otrtvcs
KTCtVovcrtv ^ 0ec3v tpa roA/xwo-t
OVK cortv ovSev TaJv cv av^pwTrots to*ov. 805
EKABH. 31
TCLVT OVV V CUO^O) @fJLVO$ aiSeCT^Tl //,,
OLKTfipov ?7/xa9, ws ypaJv rvpavvov
ov&ev TL ju.aXXov es reXos
p.uT6ovtXas ST^T' cv<^povas 8ei'eis, aVa^,
^ TWV ev ewTJj ^tXraTCov ao"7racr/xaTa)v
Xaptv TtV eei Trats e/^Ty, /cetv^s 8* ey co ; 830
[e/c TOV o"Korou yap T<3v re WAcrepcov Travv
<^tXrpo)v /jteytcTTTy ytyi/crat ^porots X^P ts> ]
a/cove 877 vvv* TO^ ^avovra ToV8' opas ;
TOVTOV /caXcos Spwv ovra
32 EYPiniAOY
8poVct9. i/ds /xot pvOos 1/8075 ert. 835
et fjioi yeVoiro c/>$o'yyo5 eV /^pa^tocrt
/Cat X^ "^ K(X ^ KOfMLKTl /Cat TToScOV /3aCTt,
?? Aat8aAou
K\aiovr\ eTTtorK^TTTOvra Travrotovs Aoyovs* 840
iriOov,
TljU,0)pOV, Ct /Cat p,7)$V tCTTLV,
IcrOXov yap ai/Spos TT} St/ci;
/cat TOVS /caKOi>5 8pav Travraxov Ka/caJs act. 845
XO. SctvoV yc, ^v^rots cus aTravra cru/XTrtrvct,
Kat Tas avayKas ot i/o/x,ot 8tcopto"av,
Tt^CVTC? TOVS TC TToXcjU-tODTaTOVS,
TC TOVS TTptV CV/XCVCtS TTOtOV/X-CVOt.
AF. cyeo (re /cat crov TratSa /cat T^xas cre^cv, 850
t' ot/crov '
/cat ovofjiai ca>v ovve/c avocrtov
/cat TOV 8t/catov TT/vSc crot Sowat
ct TTCOS avir) y cScrrc crot T'
o) re ^77 8ofat/x,t KacravSpas X^P LV ^55
vaKTt roVSe /BovXevcrai oVoi/.
ccrrtv yap 77 rapayjito? e/x7re7rra)Ke jaot*
TOV aVSpa TOUTOV <$>i\.iov T^yetrat crrparo?,
ToV KarOai/ovra 8' 1^0 pov' et 8' e/xot c/)tXos
08' ca*Tt, x w P^ s TOUTO KOV /cotvoi/ O"TpaT(3. 860
Trpos Ta{;ra c/)poj/Tt^'* cJs 0e'Aovra //,ev ft'
crot ^vfjLTrovrjorai /cat rax^j/ Trpocrap/cccrat,
8', "Axatots ct
EKABH. 33
EK. r' o^Xa> TrXiov ve/^et?,
eyw ere OTJCTO) rovS' c\.v@epov Kap/xafcotcriv, ^ VtKovpta TtVt ;
Tts croi ^vveVrat x t/ P > 7r66e
EK. rrreyat /ceKev^ao"' atSe TpwaSwv op^Xov. 880
Ar. ras at^jtxaXwrovs ctTras, e EXX77i/(oi/ aypav ;
EK. w ratcrSe TOV e/xoV ^>ovea Ti/x,cDp7yoro/>tat.
AF. feat 7n3s ywat^tv apcreVcov ecrrat Kpdros ;
EK. Seivoy TO Tr\7J6oSj vv So'Xa) re 8vcrp,a^ov.
AP. SetvoV* TO /xevrot ^Xv /x,e//,^>o/>tat yefo?. 885
EK. Tt 8' ; ov ywatKes etXov AtyuTTTou TKva,
Kat A.TJIJ.VOV apfyv aporevcav eamo~av ;
aXX' c3s yevecr^w ToV8e /xev jute^es Xoyov,
irtfjul/ov 8e ^otot T>yvS' dcnpaXws Sta o~TpaTOV
yvvat/ca. Kat , 890
Xc^ov, '/caXet o*' avaacra 877 TTOT' 'iXtov
34 EYPIHIAOY
'Etta/??;, o"oV OVK eXacrow 77 Kivr)<$ ^peos,
/cat TratSas* cos Set KCU TKV etSeVai Xoyovs
TOV Se T^9 VO(T(f>ayOV
K Trarpt'as aTrwXecrev ef-
coKtcrev T ot/m/
ya^aos, ov yajitog, aXX' aXacrropos Tts ot^s*
av /wfre TreXayos aXtov a?rayayot TraXtv, 95?
Trarpwov IKOIT* es
36 EYPiniAOY
nOATMHZTflP.
[<3 L\Tar aV8ptov Ilpia/xe, c^tXTaVty 8e
?;, 8a/cpua) eu'
ovr' av KaX(3? TrpacrcrovTa
vpovcri 8' avra ^eot TraXtv re Kat
ei/rt^ei/re?, cos cxyvcocrta
O.VTOVS, aXXa ravra /ACF rt Set 960
v, TTpoKOTTTOvr ovSev s TTpoV^ev KttKcov;
L TTJ5 fJ,fjt/co/x>yv,
^'8?7 7To8' ^0) 8a)/X,aTCOV tttpOI/Tt )HOt 965
cs ravrov -J^e crv/XTrtTvet 8/x,wts
Xeyovcra [jivOovs wi/ KXvcuv
EK. a.lo'^yvopxii ere Trpocr/^XeTretv cvavrt'ov,
ILoXvpTJcrTOp, iv rototcrSe /cet/xev?; /ca/cot5.
orcp yap UHpOrjv evrv^ovcr, atScos /*' fX t > 97
cv Ta)8e TTor/xo) ruyxavovcr', tv' ct/xi vw,
KOVK av SuvatjLCT/v Trpocr^SXeTretv op^ats Kopat?.
aAA.' auro /x?J 8i;i\rj fjicv L (TV, 7rpo(rc/>tXes Se jitot ToSe
A^atcaj/. a'XXa cr^/xaiVetv ere XP^
rov cu TrpatrcrovTa [M) Trpacrcroixriv cv
7rapK.iv' cos erot/^os et//,' eyw. 985
EK. Trpcorov />tev ctTre TratS' 6v e
IIoXvSw/Dov e/c re Trarpos ev So/xots
et f* ra 8' ctXXa SevTepoi/ cr'
IIOAYM. /xaXtcrra' TOVKCIVOV /xev
EK. a> ^tXra^', cos cv KCX^COS o'lOev Xeyets. 990
IIOAYM. rt 8??Ta /3ov\t Sevrcpov fJiaOelv e/^ov;
EK. et r^s TKOvcrr]<$ T^cr8e /xe/xv^rat rt /xou.
IIOAYM. /cat Sevpo y' cos ere Kpvcfrios ef^'ret jitoXetv.
EK. XP V "O? ^^ crcos, 6v -^X^ev e/c Tpotas ex 0017 '
IIOAYM. troos, ev 8o//.ots ye rots e/^-ots ^>povpov/xvos.
EK. trcocroi/ wv avrov, //,^8' pa rcoV TrXrjcrLov. 996
IIOAYM. TJKLO'T*' QvaLfJkijv rov Trapov.TOs, co yvvat.
EK. otcr^' ouv a Xe^at trot re /cat Tratcrtv ^eXco;
IIOAYM. ou/c oT8a* TOO crco TOVTO or^avets Xoyco.
EK. eW, co L\7]OdtXet, IOOO
IIOAYM. rt XPVl^i Ka/jt Kat TKV' et8eVat ^P 6 ^*
EK. \pv(7ov TraXatat Ilpta/xtScov /cartop^es.
IIOAYM. ravr' e'cr$' a fiovXci ?rat8t ayfjifjvai cre0ev;
EK. jaaXtcrra, 8ta crou y * eT yap evore^s anyp.
IIOAYM. rt 8^ra re/cvcov TtoVSe 8et Trapovcrtas; ,T^Q^
EK. a/xetvoi/, -^v crv /car^ai'Tys, Tow8' t8eVat.
IIOAYM. /caXcos e'Xe^as T^8e /cat crb^wrepov.
EK. otcr^' ow 'A^avas 'IXtas tVa IcrTeyat;
38 EYPIHIAOY
IIOAYM. IvravO* o %pwros ecrrt; cr^/xetov 8e rt;
EK. /xeXatva Trerpa y^s VTrepreXXovcr 9 aVa). IOIO
IIOAYM. er' ow rt /3ov\ei rwv e/cet
EK. orwcrat ere xprffJiaO' 015 owe^X^ov
IIOAYM. TTOV 817 ra, TreTrAwi/ evros ^7 Kpvil/a(pt05 K7recreL <^)tXa5 Kap8ta5,
aju,epcra5 )8tov. TO yap VTreyyuov
8tKa Kat 6eoi(riv ov ^v/XTrtrvet, oXe^ptov KO.KOV. 1030, 1
cr' d8ov T^crS' X7rt5, ^ cr*
?rpO5 'AtSav, tw
IIOAYM. a>ju,oi, TVXov[JL(U eyyo5 O/A/XCLTWV raXa5. 1035
XO. ^Kovcrar' av8pO5 QprjKOS ot/xwyijv, <^>tXa6;
IIOAYM. (o/xot jitaX' av$i5, reKva, Svcrr^vou crcfrayrjs.
XO. c^i'Xai, TreVpa/crat KatV* ecra) 8o)na)v Ka/ca.
IIOAYM. aXX' ovrt /AT; ^uy^re Xat^pw TroSt'
ySaXXtov yap OIKWV TaivS' cxvapp^co fjwxovs. 1040
XO. ISov,
EKABH. 39
cos
Trap et vat Tpwacnv re
EK. apacrcre, ta Xa//,/rpov ti/OrjcreiS KOpats, 1045
ov TratSa? oi/^et ^covra?, ous e/cretv' eyw.
XO. 77 yap Ka^et/\S prJKa KOLL /cparets ^eVov,
SecTTrotva, Kat Se'Spaicas otazrep Xeyets;
EK, oi/^et vtv avTLK ovra 8a)jU,arcov Trapos
ri;pvycov,
co Karctparot, TTOI Kat fi cjf>vyc
TTTCOCTOrOVCTt jUV^CUV ; 1 065
et0e /Aot OjH/xarcov at/xaroei/ /S
aKecrat* d/cecrato rvc^Xoi/, v AXte,
cxcx.
crtya, KpvTfrav Bacrw
E. H.
40 EYPIHIAOY
rdVSe yuvatK(3v. Tra TTOO' e7raas 1 070
(rapKwv dcrrecov r
Ooivav ayptcov 6r)pv
Xv/xas dvTiTTOLV e/xas; owav Satr' av>/-
r ovpeLOLV
/3c3,] ?ra ora), ?ra
OTTCOS TTovrtots TTeccT/xacTt Xtvo/cpOKOV 1080, I
o-reXXa)]/, CTTI ravSe crv^ets
e/xwv f^vXa^
o\@piov /cotrav.
XO. op' ctpyaorat Ka/ca* 1085
SpacraFTi S' alcr^poi Setva raTTtTt/xta
[c)at/xa)v e'Sco/cev, oVrts eart' crot /?apvs.]
IIOAYM. a tat, to)
*r v Apet re* Karo^ov yevos. 1090
to) 'A^atot, ta> 'ArpetSat,
ySoav avTO), /3oaV
tr' tre, /xoXere Trpos ^eojv.
KXvet Tt5, 17 ovSets dpK(TL ; rt /AeXXcrc ;
c, IO 95
Setva 8etva
oj/xot
EKABH. 41
ovpavLOv Iioo
es fieXaOpoVj 'QptW
rj ^ietptos tvOa Trupos c^Xoyeas dc
OTLV ocrcroov avyas, 77 roV es 'AtSa
ra Trop- 1105
raXas ;
XO. uyyvcocr$', orav rts KpetVcrov' ^ ^epetv Kaxd
TroiOrj) TaXatV^s e^aTraXXa^at 0175.
AF. Kpavyrjs a/covcras ^X^ov* ou yap TJ(TV^Opvy(ov
Trecrovras ^cr/xci/ 'EXX^vw 8opt,
rap(r^V ov //,ecrcos 6'Se KTVTTO?.
IIOAYM. (3 (^tXrar', ^(rOo/Jirjv yap 9 'Ayct/x,/xvov, (re^cv
<7S a/t/x,' e^/< rv^)Xoi/, at/xa^as /copas,
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