GIFT OF Lorenzo G. Yates. With, extracts from manuscript notes of the late Dr. Thwaites, and. the pub- lished works of Hooker, Baker and Wall. PRICE, POSTAGE PREPAJD, - - 75 CENTS. Santa Barbara, Cal.: PRINTED BY GEO O. YATES. 1887. THE FERNSi CEYLON "\ Lorenzo G. Yates. With, extracts from manuscript notes of the late Dr. Thwaites, and the pub- lished works of Hooker, Baker and Wall. Santa Barbara, Gal.: PRINTED BY GEO 0. YATES. 1887. 572/37 PREFACE. THIS .little manual is not intended to take the place of the larger and more important works on this subject, but simply as a work of ready reference for Pteridologists and botanists generally, especially where the magnificent works of Beddome, Hooker, and others, are inaccessible; and for students who may be desirous of knowing what species of ferns are indigenous on the Island, and also something of the conditions of growth in their native habitat, for the purpose of cultivating the species most advantageously. The genera and species are arranged alphabetically, as being more convenient for reference, and also to obviate the necessity of indexing. It affords me much pleasure to express my obligations to Sir Joseph Hooker, for valuable specimens, and to Mr. J. G. Baker, of the Kew Herbarium, for valuable assistance in the way of books and information. LORENZO G. YATES. SANTA BARBARA, Cal., February, 1887. 364620 INTRODUCTION. THE island of Ceylon is situated between 5 deg. 51 min. and 9 deg. 51 min. north latitude, and between 79 deg. 41 min. 40 sec. and 81 deg. 54 min. 50 sec. east longitude, and has an a.'ea of about 25.000 square miles. The southern portion of the Island consists of an interior mountainous region, surrounded by a low coast line of from thirty to eighty miles in width. The mountain zone covers an area of about four thousand miles. The highest mountain is Piduru Talagala, or Pedrotallagalla 8,295 feet. The rivers in this region are bordered by a dense growth of forest, and diver- sified with innumerable cascades and rapids, flowing through deep chasms, whose rocky walls furnish admirable conditions for fern growth, where they grow on the rocks and trees, especially in the Central and Southern Provinces. The northern portion of the Island forms a vast unbroken plain. The summits of the highest ridges are covered with verdure, and the slopes were formerly covered with forests of lofty trees, which have rapidly disappeared under the ax of the coffee planter. Newera Ellia Plain is at an elevation of about 6,200 feet ; the Horton Plains, 7,000 feet, and Kandy, in the Central Province, is 1,727 feet. The climate of the Island is regulated by the monsoons. The southwest monsoon prevails along the southwest coast in the early summer; the northeast monsoon reaches the northeast coast about October or November. The former drives the clouds against the lofty mountains of the south and west, supplying copious rains, which do not reach the eastern and northern por- FERNS OF CEYLON. tions of the Island. The effects of the northeast monsooD are more uniform, and the showers extend over the entire surface of the Island. Ar. Ratnapura, lying immediately under Adam's Peak, the yearly amount of rain is about 14G inches, and the cumber of rainy days 228; while at Badulla, at an altitude of 2,220 feet, the rainfall is about 58 inches, with 57 rainy days. This wide difference of climatic conditions gives suitable condi- tions for species having widely differing requirements for their growth, and presents a goodly list, of species as indigenious to the Island. The majority of the species grow at an elevation of between 2,000 and 5,000 feet. The localities in the following notes are taken, principally, from "A Catalogue of the Ferns Indigenous to Ceylon, by G. W.," published 'in London. FERNS OF CEYLON, The page numbers, after the names of the speci-es, refer to latest edition of Hooker & Baker's Synopsis Filicum. ACROSTICHUM. r A. (Egenolfa) APPENDICULATUM, Willd. (p. 415). Very common among stones, in th : e beds of Streams, in the forests of the Central Province, up to an altitude of 5,000 feet- A. (Chrysodium) AURE ? UM, L. (p. 423). Very abundant in swamps about Galle and Columbo. Widely distributed throughout the tropics. A. (Elaphoglossum) CONFORMS, tiw. (p. 401). Common in the forests of the Central Province, above an altr tude of 4,000 feet, on rocks and trees. Widely distributed, and has a long list of synonyms. A. (Chrysodium) LANCEOLATUM, 7/ofe&.;(p. 420). At Ramboclde and below Pittawella, on rocks, in river-beds, ; A. (Gymnopteris) QUERCIFOLIUM, Retz. (p. 418.) Commoii in the Western Province, about Columbo, on road- side banks. n A. (Steriochlsena) SCANDENS, /. 8m. (p. 412). Very common, climbing on trees, in the Western, Central and Southern Provinces, up to an altitude of 2.500 feet; fruits from August to October. 8 FERNS OF CEYLON. ACROSTICHUM (Elaphoglossum) SPATHULA^DM, Dory. (p. 408). A. pilose] loides, P.-etl.\ A. acutum, Fee. On rocks, in the forests about Newera Ellia, and in the Southern Province, at a lower elevation. A. (Hymenolepis) SPICATUM, L. (p. 424). In the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet; on trees. Not uncommon. A. (Elaphoglossum) SQUAMOSUM, Sw. (p. 411). Above Rambodde, at at altitude of about 5,000 feet; on trees. Fruits from August to November. A. (Gymnopteris) VARIAEELE, Hook. (p. 417). The simple fronrled form is common on rocks and banks in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 3,000 to 6,000 feet. The pinnate form, in the forests about Matale, at an altitude of 3,000 feet; abundant during southwest monsoon. A. (Gymnopteris) VIRENS, Wall. (p. 420). In the ground, iu Oodawella forests. A. (Chiysodium) WALLII, Baker, (p. 523). In a rocky ravine, on mossy stones, at Mooroowa, Southern Pjovince. Peculiar to Ceylon. ACTINIOPTERIS. A. RADTATA, Link. (p. 246). A. austral is, Link.-, Acrostichum dichotomum, Forsk. At Trincomalee and Gonogamma, near Kandy. The only species of the genus. ADIANTUM. A. CAP1LLDS-VENEKIS, L. Cp. 120). On wet rocks, about Hackgalla. A. CAUDATUM, Unn. (p. 115). A. Edgeworthi, Hk. ; A. rhiz- ophorum, Sw. Abundant in the Central, Western and Southern Provinces, up to an altitude of 2,000 feet ; on rook, walls and dry banks. FERNS OF CEYLON. 9 ADIANTUM FLABELLULATDM, L. (p. 126). A. amceuum, Hk. and Gr. Found in Ouvah District. Thwaites. A. HTSPIDULUM, SlCtZ. (p. 126). Common in she forests of the Central Province, up to an altitude of 4,000 feet. Terraneous, and on rocks. A, LDNULATUM, Burm. (p. 114). A. deflectens, Mart.; A' dolabri forme, Hk. ; A. filiforme, Gard. Common on old walls about Kandy and Central Province; very abundant on eastern ranges, down to Biuteune. ALLANTODIA. A. BRUNONIANA, Wall. (p. 246). Common in the forests of the Central Province, at'an altitude of from 2.000 to 4,000 feet ; terraneous. The only species of the ALSOPHILA. A. CRINITA, Hook. (p. 42). Large tree fern, from ten to twenty eet high. Abundant in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 4,500 to 6,000 feet. A. GLADE A, Hk. (p. 43). A. gigantea, Hk.. Large fronded tree fern, of low stature. In forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. Not common. ANGIOPTERIS. A. EVECTA, Hoffm. (p. 440). Common in the forests of the Central Province, an an altitude of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. Terraneous. The only known species of the genus. 10 FERNS OF CEYLON. ANTROPHYUM. A. PLANT AGINEUM, Kaulf. (p. 393). A. Lesson i, Bory; Hem- ionitis plantigineum, Cav. Common on rocks, in the forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 2,000 feet. A. RETICULATUM, Kaulf. (p. 393). Hemioniles reticulata, Forst. Common in the Southern Province, at low altitudes, above 2,000 feet. ASPIDIUM. A. (Polystichum) aculeatum, Sw. (p. 252). A. Biaristatum, Bl. Common iu the forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 5,000 feet. Found nearly all over the world. A. (Polystichum) AMACILE, Bourne, (p. 254). Not uncommon in the forests of the Central Province; at an altitude of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Terraneous. A. (Polystichum) ANOMALUM, Hk. and Arn. (p. 253). Horton Plains and Happootella, at an altitude of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Deciduous. Peculiar to Ceylon (?). A. (Polystichum) AETSTATUM, Sw. (p. 255). Common in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 1,500 to 6,000 feet. Terraneous. A. (Polystichum) AUIUCULATUM, Sw. (p. 251). A. ocellatum, Wall. Common in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of about 5,OC3 feet. Terraneous. A. (Polystichum) CONIIFOLTOM, Watt. (p. 255) A. aris- tatum, var. Common in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 4,000 to 6,000 feet. FERNS OF CEYLON. 11 ASPIDIUM ERIOCARPUM, Dec. (p. 280). Nephrodium odor- atum, Bkr. A. MEMBRANACEUM, Hk. (p. 259). A. giganteum, var. minor, Hook. ; A. divexum, Kze. Common in the Matale District, at about an altitude of from 1,000 to 1,500 feet. Terraneous. ASPLENIUM. A. AFFINE, Sw. (p. 215). A. spathulinum, J. Sm. Common. A. (Atliyrium) ASPIDIOTDES, Schl. (p. 228) A. pectinatum, Wall.; A. multisectum, Brack.; A. laxum, P. and R. About Newera Ellia, in forests, up to an altitude of 7,000 feet. Terraneous. In boggy places, at high elevations. Thwaites- A. (Diplazium) ASSI"MILE, EndL (p. 489; 229) A. umbfosum, J ' . Sm., var, In the forests about Pittawella, Matale, at an altitude of about 2'000 feet. Terraneous. A. CAUDATUM, Forst. (p. 209) A. falcatum, Lam. (?). Newera Ellia, and higher forests of the Central Province. A. ENSEFORME, Wall (p. 191) A. stenophyilum, Bed. (?). About Newera Ellia, and Wattakelly Hill, above an altitude of 5,000 feet; on rocks and trees. A. ERECTDM, Bory. (p. 202) A. lunulatum, Sw. Not uncommon in the higher forests of the Central Province. A. (Anisogonum) ESCULENTUM, Presl. (p. 244). Common in the Western and Central Provinces, up to an altitude of 3,000 feel. Terraneous. Very common in the low country, by riversides, and in cultivated ground. Thwaites. 12 FERNS OF CEYLON. ASPLEXIUM FALCATUM, Lam. (p. 208). Common, on rocks, in the Western and Central Provinces, at low altitudes; also at Pattawella Rock, near Columbo. A. FORMCSTJM, Willd. (p. 210). Not common. Found on rocks in river bed, Dooroomadella, East Matale. A. BCRCATDM, Thunb. (p. 214). Common about Newera Ellia and Hackgalla. Common in the hills. Thwaites. A. GARDNER!, Baker (p. 485). Southern Province, on rocks, in the forests, above an altitude - of 1,500 feet. A. HETEOCARPUM, Wall. (p. 210). Common, on rocks, in the Central Province, in the forests, above an altitude of 3,000 feet. A. HOHENACKERIAXUM, Kze. (p. 225.1. Resembles small form of Pelix-foemina. At Pittawella; also in Peninsular India. A. (Diplazium) LANCEUM, Thunb. (p. 229) A. subsinuatum, Hk. and G. Forests of East Matale, and Suffragam, at an altitude of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet. Terraneous. Dies ofi during the northeast monsoon. A. (Diplazium) LATIFOLFDM, Don. (p. 239) A. dilatatum, Hk. Common in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. Terraneous. A. LASERPITIIFOLIUM, Lam. (p. 215). Common. A. (Athyrium) MACROCARPUM, Bl. (p. 227) A. goringianum, Mett. Not uncommon about Newera Ellia. Terraneous. FERNS OF CEYLON. 13 ASPLENIUM (Diplazium) MAXIMUM, Don. (p. 239) A. diversi- folium, Watt. Local, but abundant in some of the forests. Thwaites. At an altitude of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. Terraneous.. A. (Thamnopteris) NIDUS, L. (p. 190). "The Birds-nest Fern." Common on trunks of trees, up to an altitude of 2,000 feet. A. (Athyrium) NIGRIPES, Blume (p. 227) A. gymnogram- moides, KL Common in the forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 5,000 feet. Terraneous. A. NITIDUM, Sw. (p. 215). Common. A. NORMALE, Don. (p. 197) A. multijugum, Wall. Common at altitudes above 4,000 feet. Terraneous. A. PLANICAULE, Wall. (p. 211). Not common. Wattakelly Hill, Victoria Forest s, above an altitude of 3,000 feet, on rocks and trees. A. (Diplazium) POL YPODIOIDES, Mett. (238). Common in the forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 3,000 feet. Terraneous. A. POLYRHIZON, Baker (p. 490) Diplazium decussatum, Bedd. Formerly referred to A. Japonicum, Thun. A. RESECTUM, Sm. (p. 210) . Common in the forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 2,000 feet; generally on rocks and rocky banks. The large form, in wet, swampy places. A. (Darsea) RUT.EFOLIUM, Kze. (p. 222) A. prolongatum, Hk.\ A. stans, Kze. ISinghe Raja forest. 14 FERNS OF CEYLON. ASPLENIUM (Diplazium) SCHKUHRII, Thw. Formerly included nnder Japonicum. Woods of the Central Province. Not common .-^Thwaites. Peculiar to Ceylon. A. (Anisog.) SMITHIANUM, Baker (p. 245). In the forests of Oodawella and East Matale, at an altitude of 3,000 feet. Terraneous. 4> Only found in Ceylon, and is rare there. It is only distinguished from A. latifolium by its vena- tion." Thwaites. A. (Diplazium) SYLVATICUM, Presl. (p. 232). In damp forests, at no great elevation. Thwaites. Terraneous. A TENERUM, Forst. (p. 201) A. elongatum, Sw. East Matale, Oodawella; on rocks. Not common. A. TENUIFOLIDM, Don. (p. 220) A. coucinnum, Wall. On rocks, in the beds of streams, at Newera Ellia. Rare. Dies off during the southwest monsoon. A. (Diplazium) THWAITESII, A. Br. (p. 235). In the forests about Newera Ellia. Terraneous. "Woods, 2,000 feet and upwards." Thwaites. A. VARIANS, Hk. and Or. (p. 216). Abundant under rocks and large stones, Mattoorattoo, Amba- wella, Rambodde, at an altitude of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. A. VULCANICUM, Bl. (p. 201) A. heterodon, Forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 2,000 feet. Not common. A. WIGHTIANUM, Wall (p. 199) A. longipes, Fee. Forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 2,000 feet. Not common. A. ZENKERIANUM, Kze. (p. 484). Common, on rocks, about Newera Ellia, and in the forests, above an altitude of 5,000 feet. In former catalogues, A. persici- folium, /. Sm. FERNS OF CEYLON. 15 ASPLENIUM (Diplazium) ZEYLANICUM, Hk. (p. Forests of Ambagamowa and Kotmallee. "Rare; local. Dever found it myself." Thwaites. BLECHNUM. B. ORIENT ALE, Linn. (p. 186). Extremely abundant in the Western and Central Provinces, up to an altitude of 6,000 feet. Terraneous. BOTRYCHIUM. B. DAUCIFOLIUM, Wall. (p. 448). Not uncommon on the borders of streams, in the forests of the Central Province, at an altitude of from 2,500 to 4,000 feet. Terraneous. Dies off during a part of the year. B. VIRGINIANUM, 8w. (p. 448). Common, under bushes, on the plain of Newera Ellia. Dies off in January ; comes up again in June. CERATOPTERIS. C. THALICTROIDES, Brong. (p. 174). Common in the Western and Southern Provinces, in wet, swampy places. This is the only species of a curious genus; it is an annual, and floats upon the surface of the water. CHEILANTHES. C. FARINOSA, Klf. (p. 142) Aleuritopreris farinosa, dealbata and Mexicaria, Fee. Silver Fern. On rocks of the highest forests of the Central Province. Common on the hills. Thwaites. C. MYSUREKSIS, Wall. (p. 135) C. chusana, Hk. On rocks and banks, Rattotta, Matale, Happootella and Ouvah, at low elevations. "Rocky places; very local." Thwaites. C. TENUIFOLIA, Sw. (p. 138). On rocks and banks, Western Province. 16 FERNS OF CEYLON. CHEILANTHES THWAITESII, Kulin.,Hett.\ (p. 475). Kuruuagalla and Kallupahane. CYATHEA. C. HOOKERI, Thwaites (p. 16). Small tree fern, from five to seven feet high. Forests of the Southern Province. Of this peculiar species, Dr. Thwaites says: "Low country forests, very rare, and scarcely ever found in fruit. I only found it once, a single tree with barren fronds only." C. SINUATA, Hk. and Gr. (p. 16). Small tree fern, from three to five feet high. Forests of the Southern Province. Rare. Peculiar to Ceylon. An elegant and graceful plant, with simple fronds. DAVALLIA. D. (Leucostegia) AFFINIS, Hook. (p. 92) D. hymenophyt- loides, HI. On rocks and trees, in the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces. Common at an elevation of from 8,000 to 4,000 feet. Common in mountain forests. Thwaites, D. BDLLATA, Wall. (p. 97). On trees, at Dooroomadella and Matale West, at an elevation of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet. D. CH^ROPHYLLA, Wall (p. 92) D. pulchra, Don. Rocky forests ; rare and local. Thwaites. At an elevation of from 3,000 to 5,000 feel ; on rocks. D. (Prosaptia) CONTTGUA, Sw. (p. 94) D. Preslii, Hook. Common on rocks and trees, in the forests of the Central Province, above an altitude of 5,000 feet. D. ELEGANS, Sw. (p. 95) D. vogelii, Hk.', D.elata, Sw. On rocks, at Vicarton and East Matale, at an altitdude of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet. FERNS OF CEYLON. 17 DAVALLIA (Prosapta) EMERSONI, Hk. and Gr. (p. 94) D. alata, Bl. On rocks and trees, in the forests of the Southern Province, at an elevation of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. D. (Microlepia) HIRTA, Klf. (p. 100) M. firma and M. scab- erula, Mett. In forests of Oodapusselawa and Tel gam ma, at an elevatioij of 4,000 feet. Terraneous. D. (Microlepia) MAJUSCULA, Lowe (p. 99) D. proxima, Thw. ; D. Tliwaitesii, Baker, Rangbodde. Rare. Probably dies off during part of the year. D. (Humata) PEDATA, J. 8m. (p. 89). Common on rocks and trees, in the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces, above an elevation of 1,500 feet. D. (Microlepia) PLATYPHYKLA, Don. (p. 99) D. lonchitidea, Wall Eight to twelve feet high. Rangbodde, in the forest, at an altitude of 3,500 feet. Terraneous; rare; dies off during a part of the year. D. (Odontoloma) REPENS, Desv. D. hemiptera, Bory. Singe Raja forest. Thwaites. D. SCHIZOPIIYLLA, Baker, (p. 468). On Abbe Rocks, Mooroowa Carle, at an elevation of 5,000 feet. D. (Microlepia) SPELUNC^A, Bkr. (p. 100) D. polypodioides, Hk. ; D. Jamaicensis, Hk.; D. trichosticha, Hk.', D. Madagascar- iensis. Kze. Common below an elevation of 3,000 feet, on shady banks, in the Central, Western and Southern Provinces. In hedges, at Kalani. 18 FERNS OF CEYLON. DAVALLIA (Microlepia) STRIGOSA,U>. (p. 98) D.proxima, BL Common in the hilly forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. Terraneous. D. (Stenoloma) TENUIFOLIA, Sw. (p. 102). Roadsides and open places in the hills; common. Thwaites. Abundant on moist banks, in the Central Province, above 3,000 feet. D. (Humata) VESTITA, Bl (p. 90) D. bipinnatifida, BL Ambawella forest, below Hackgalla, at an elevation of about 5,000 feet, on trees. DIACALPE. D. ASPIDIOLDES, Blume. (p. 45). Abundant at Kooroonda Oya, Matturatto. Terraneous; dies off during the northeast monsoon. The only species of the genus. DICKSONIA. D. so ABBA, Wall. (p. 54) D. deltoidea, Hk. Abundant in the Central Province, above an elevation of 5,000 feet. DOODIA. D. DIVES, Kze. (p. 189). Not uncommon about Hackgalla and in the forests of the Central Province, above an elevation of 4,000 feet. Terraneous. DRYMOGLOSSUM. D. PILOSELLOIDES, Presl (p. 398). Very common, on trees, about Columbo, and all over the Western and Central Provinces, below an elevation of 2,000 feet. GLEICHENIA. G. (Mertensia) DICHOTOMA, Wittd. (p. 15). This widely distributed species has a long list of synonyms. Extremely abundant at all elevations. Scrambles over small shrubs in the open country. FERNS OF CEYLON. 19 GYMNOGRAMME. G. (Selliguea) INVOLUTA, Don. (p. 387) Selliguea Wallich- iana, Hk. On rocks and trees, in the forests about Newera Ellia. Common . G. JAVANICA, Blume. (p. 381). In the forests about Newera Ellia and Mattoorattoo. Terraneous. G. (Selliguea) LANCEOLATA, Hook. (p. 387). On Pedrotallagalla, on trees, half way up the peak. Very rare. G. LEPTOPHYLLA. Desv. (p. 383). An annual. Found on rocks, above Hackgall a Gardens. Rare. G. (Leptogramme) TOTTA, Schl. (p. 376) G. Lowei, Hk. and Gr. In the forests about Newera Ellia. Terraneous. HELMINTHOSTACHYS. H. ZEILANICA, Hk. (p. 447). In the hedge banks about Colombo, and other parts of the Western and Southern Provinces. HEMIONITIS. H. COBDATA, Presl. (p. 398). Common, on rocks and banks, in the Western and Central Provinces, at all elevations up to 3,000 feet. HEMITELIA. H. WA.LKEB/E, Hk. (p. 30) Cyathea Walker*, Hk. Large tree-fern, ten to twelve feet high. Abundant in the forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of from 3,000 to 6,000 feet. Peculiar to Ceylon. 20 FERNS OF CEYLON. HYMENOPHYLLUM. H. EMEKSUM, Baker (p. 57). H. tenellum, Kuhn. On trees, in the forests of the Southern Province, at an eleva- tion of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. H. EXSERTUM, Wall. (p. 59) H. macroglossum, V. D B. Common, on wet rocks, in the forests of the Central Province. H. JAVANICUM, Spretig. (p. 60). Has several synonyms. Abundant, on rocks and trees, in the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces, above 2,500 feet. H. NEESII, Hooker (p. 71). Common, on rocks and trees, in the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces, above an elevation of 3,000 feet. H. POLYANTHOS, Sw. (p. 60). H. protrusum, Hk. Typical form rare. On trees and rocks, in the forests. Variety Blumeanum is common in the forests of the Southern Province, on wet rocks. Dies off during northeast monsoon. LINDSAYA. L. CULTRATA, Sw. (p. 105). L. Lobbiana, Hk. Common, on rocks and moist banks, about Newera Ellia, and at high elevations in forests of the Central Province. Deliciously fragrant when drying. L. FLABELLULATA, Dry. (p. 107) L. tenera, Dry. ; Adiantuni orbiculatum, Lam. In the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces. Ter- raneous; not uncommon. L. (Schizoloma) HETEROPHYLLA, Dry. (p. 112) L. cuneata, Willd. Hantane Peak, Kegalla. Terraneous. Dies off during the northeast monsoon. FERNS OF CEYLON. 21 LINDSAYA (Schizoloma) LANCEOLATA, Lab. (p;112) L. ensi- folia, Swtz. \ L. agatii, Brack.; L. Griffithianum, Rk.-L. penta- phyllum, Hk. At low elevations, in the Central and Southern Provinces. Common ; terraneous. L. (Synaphlebium) LOBATA, Poir. (p. Ill) L. recurvata, Wall. ; L. propinqua, and obtusa, Hook.; L. nitens, Bl. Common in the forests of the Central Province, above an elevation of 2,000 feet. Terraneous Damp gullies in the hills. Thvvaites. L. TRAPEZIFORMIS, Dry. (p. 107). Has a number of synonyms. Common in the woods. Thwaites. Very abundant in some forests of the Southern Prov- ince; also on the Peacock. Terraneous. L. (Isoloma) Walker*. Ilk. (p. 109). In swamps in the Hinidoon Corle; also on the Island of Banca, east of Sumatra. LOMARIA. L. PATERSONI, Spr. (p. 174) L. elongsita, Bl, L. Colensoi, Hk. Common in the forests of the Central Province. Terraneous. LYGODIUM. L. DICHOTOMUM, Sw. (p. 437) L. circinatumand pedatum, Sw. Not uncommon. Climbing on trees, in the forests and chevas of the Western, Central and Southern Provinces, up to an eleva- tion of 2,000 feet. L. JAPONICUM, /Sw. (p. 439). "A Catalogue of the Ferns Indigenous to Ceylon" places this as a synonym of L. pinnatifidum. L. FINN. \TIFIDUM, Sic. (p. 438) L. flexuosum, Sw. Common about Colombo, scrambling over hedges and low shrubs. 22 FERNS OF CEYLON. LYGODIUM SCAJSTDENS, Sw. (p. 437). Very common in all *he low country, scrambling over low shrubs. MARATTIA. M. FRAXINEA, 8m. (p. 440) M. sorbifolia, Bory.\ M. elegans, Endl Not uncommon in the forests of the Central Province, above an elevation of 5,000 feet, in the beds of streams. MENISCIUM. M. THWAITESII, Hk. (p. 391). Forests of Mat-ale, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. Ter- raneous. Peculiar to Ceylon. M. TRIPHYLLUM, &W. (p. 391). Forests of Matale and Suifragam, at an elevation of from 2,000 10 3,000 feet. Terraneous. MONOGRAMME. M. JUNGHUHNII, Hk. (p. 375) Diclidopteris angustissima, Brack. ; Pleurogramme paradoxa, Fee. On rocks and trees, in the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. NEPHRODIUM. N. AMBOINENSE, Presl. (p. 292). Small form, at Kitool Galla, Ambagamoa; large form, Amba- wella and Oodapusselawa, at an elevation of about 5,000 feet. Terraneous. N. ARBUSCULA, Desv. (p. 292) A. Hookeri, Wall. Common in hill forests of the Central Province, at an eleva- tion of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. Terraneous. L. (Lastrea) BEDDOMEI, Baker (p. 267) Aspidium graciles- cens, Thwaites. Very common, in swampy places, about Newera Ellia. FERNS OF CEYLON. NEPHRODIUM (Lastrea) BORYANUM, Baker (p. 284) N. divi- sum, Hk. Forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of from 4,000 to 5,000 feet. Terraneous. N. (Lastrea) CALCARATUM, Hk. (p. 264) N. falcilobum,ZT&. Very common, at all elevations up to 6,000 feet, iu the Cen- tral, Southern and Western Provinces. Terraneous. N. (Sagenia) CICUTARIUM, Baker (p. 299) Aspidium lati- folium, Presl. ; A. dilaceratum, Kze. Forests about Rambodde. Dies off during northeast mon- soon. Terraneous. F. CUCULLATUM, Baker (p. 290) N. unitum,^&.; N. canes- cens, Presl. Very common, on banks, roadsides and cultivated grounds, in the Central Province and Ouvah, up. to an elevation of 5,000 feet. N. (Sagenia) DECURRENS, Baker (p. 299) Aspidium pteropus, Kze. Damp places. A low-country fern, and up to about 2,000 feet. Thwaites. Terraneous. Dies off during the northeast monsoon. Var. minor var. Thwaiiesii, of Kew Gardens, at Peradeuiya Garden, is peculiar to Ceylon. A. (Lastrea) DEPARIOIDES, Hk. (p. 277). Low country forests; not common. Thwaites. Up to an elevation of 1,000 feet. Terraneous. N. (Lastrea) DISSECTUM, Desv. (p. 282) N. membranifolium, Presl. Hill forests. This plant is only distinguished foom N". (Pleocnemia) giganteum by its venation. Thwaites. Not un- common in the forests of the Central and Southern Provinces, at an elevation of from 4.000 to 5,000 feet. Terraneous. N. EXTENSUM, Hook. (p. 289) Aspidium eonioneuron, Mett. Forests Central Province; not common. Thwaites. Ter- raneous. 24 FERNS OF CEYLON. NEPHRODIUM (Lastrea) FELIX-MAS, Etch. (p. 272). Forests about Newera Ellia. Terraneous. N. (Lastrea) FLACCIDUAT, Hook. (p. 274). Wattakelly Hill and forests about Newera Ellia. Terraneous. N. (Pleocnemia) GIGANTECM, R