'/iiiJAINIl JVW '(/Aavdwiii^ "t/Aovaaui^* jjiijnv 5ur N^tllBRARYQc ^JIIVDJO"^ ^WEUNIVERS/A , , ^ o v^lOSANCElfX^ o '^/^a3AINf)-3l\'^ ^HIBRARYO/^ ^' ^ A^OFCALIFO;?^ >&AavaaiH^ ^WEUNIVER5"/A vVWSAVCElfjv. o "^AaiAINIllUV ^>;,OFCAL1FO;?^ %Aavaani^ '^■^oku svlOSANCElfj}> ^a3AINrt-3\V^ -^^^•IIBRARYQa ^uibraryq<- so ^' ^ ^^OF-CAIIFO% ^OFCALIF0% O ^-TiiaONVSOl^ '^/^a3AiNn-3\<^' ^^Aavjian^ ^' ^TiiJQNVSOl^ v^lOSANCElfXx 3> "^AaaAiNn-JWV^ >;,OFCAIIF0% ^^;OFCAIIFO% vr W^EUNIVERS/A AvVOSANCEifx^, o >&Aavii8n-i^ ^^Anvaani^ :lOSA%Elfj> osWSANCElfj> o •^.!/0JllV3-3O'^ ^.!/0JnV3-3O-^ y another Hand, LONDON: PRINTED FOR OGILVY AND SON ; J. WALKER ; J. SCATCHARD ; J. CUTHELL; H. D. SYMONDS; R.LEA; DARTON AND HARVfY; ViiRNOR AND HOODJ LACKINGTON, ALLEN, AND CO.; B.CROSBY; J. WRIGHT} LEE AND hurst; AND JAMHS WALLIS. 1/98. AAM& PREFACE. THE ufe of an Univerfal Gazetteer, to thofe who feel any intereft at all in what is going on in the world at large, is too obvious to need pointing out. It's name feems to imply, that it is the com- panion, or accompaniment of the newfpaper, or gazette, which latter name was derived from the gazeila, a fmall coin of Venice, the ori- ginal price of thefe periodical chronicles in that commercial republic. A work of this kind, neceflarily formed of materials brought from every quarter of the world, at uncertain and different periods, and, generally, by we know not whom, is peculiarly liable to errors, and the compiler muft confine himfelf within very narrow bounds, indeed, if he do not fuUmit to thefe imperfetlions. In the compilation of this work, the lateft and moft authentic ac- counts have been confulted ; from travelling, the author has been enabled to correal feveral errors, and from correfpondents he has received defcriptions of fome places, which are certainly the heft and moll accurate that have been yet offered to the public in this way. Towns and places of note are defcribed at length, or form diflinft paragraphs ; the names of thefe are given in capitals. Thofe to which an afterifk, or ftar, is prefixed, are the poft-towns of Great Britain and Ireland. Even villages, hamlets, and fingle houfes, in thefe iflands, have been mentioned, and, in fome inftances, their fitua- tions pretty precifely told ; but thefe, as inferior articles, are given hi a different charafter, or letter, and do not form different paragraphs^ but are carried on in continuity, generally forming only diftinft pe- riods. The expreflions of inferior and confiderablc, or of note, are meant not in reference to wealth but to population. If errors occur in the places of lefs note, which they probably may, or, indeed, ne. ceffarily muft, (for, in attempting to make this the completeft geo- graphical index extant, works of more dubious authority have alfo been confulted) it may be well enough to caution the reader to fufpend his analogical conclufions, " that if a place, which he knows, be inac- curatcly defcribed, he may reafonably fuppofe that others are alfo in- corre6f, and that places more remote, or diftant, mud necefFarily be more talfe." It will only, in fuch cafe, be the part of candour to con- fider, that fuch places are, perhaps, but little vifited by travellers, and fcarcely known beyond their own vicinitv; and that if he, or feme of A 2 ' , IVS 2124.018 iv PREFACE. his liberal-minded nej|^hbours^ do not communicate better Infurriia- tion to the compiler, -the error is likely to be continued. And here the author hopes It will not be thought improper,! f betakes the liberty to fuggefl to mcd of leifure and information, whether they may not well apjily a few moments of their time, in a way faiisfattoiy to themfcivcs, and nfcliil t<) the public, in com fnitni eating to the ga- zetteer-makers topographical information. If futh will have thekind- nefs to contribute to this work, their communications will be grate- fully received; here alfo he may acknowledge to have received from feveral ot his friends, and even from ftrangers, of this dcfcription, both of the eflablifhed religion and diflenters, very libera! encourage- ment in the profccution of this work. But the prefent is a production which it does not require erudition to find fault with or amend. There is fcarccly any individual but may fuggeft improvements, or give ufe- ful information, on fome place which he knows: and evety reader, from the fchool-boy to the man in years, who fhall communicate amendments, will confer an obligation on the author. All wlio may have the liberality thus to yield afTiftance to the work, are requefted particularly to give information on fuch fubjefts as the following, or as an anfwer to anv of thefe queries: — JV/uU is the place? —IFhat it!s name? — hi zvhat di/lrictjituated? — Iloiu many houfes or people? — What the foil? — IVhat the appearance of the fur rounding country ? — By lohat production or manufacture are they' enabled to fupport themfelves, pay taxes, Sc.?—What curio f tics have they or had they, natural or artifcial? — What particular ctflomsf—^What public eflablifltme.nts of Infirmaries, Ilofpitals, Schools, Libraries, &t.?^^ iFhat thefituation uf the place ? — On hill or in vale ; on what road or highway-, or on what river, bay, creek, orfea? — And what dre it's difiance and hearings from other places Scf—^What places already mentioned in this work are fo iiifgmficant, that th^y ought to be omit- tf^d? — And which arefo important that they ought to form difiinU pa- ragraphs? It may be ncceflary here to notice the improvements introduced into all parts ot the prefent edition, as the proprietors, encouraged by the flittering reception with which the firfl; edition was favoured, have fpar- ed no exertion or exncnce to render this e-xtenfive Gazetteer ftill more ft'orthy of the public patronage. , In the exequtioh oF this talk, and in order to render the following flieets as complete as'thsnatuie of the work will admit, the attention of tlie publifhers has been particularly (luetfed to the ivferti.ng fuch oinif- fons, and correcting fnch errors, as mufl have unavoidably efcaped the a-uFior, i^^ compiling fo laborious aVork. in tiic hrlt edition, . no notice was.tai.en.of a fubj^eft affording mucli. ufclul and ncceiTary inForniition, although a heavy "national cahimity,' vi2. PREFACE. t viz.. War; nor of the fafts and circumftances relating to if ; miiitary and naval elbblifhrnents, fortifications, battles, fieges, and oihcr re- markable operations and events, b)' which the moll important clianges are prcxluced in the political Rate ot nations. In (he defcription of a confiderable nurtjber of the principal em- pires and countries, the ufual divifion of the regions (in common wiih all our competitors) was erroneous; the geographical pofition, bear- ings, dillances, &c. of places, were not laid down with uniform ac- curacy ; nor was the leaR attention paid to the markets and principal fairs in the feveral counties of England and Wales, Many miiiakes have alfo arifen from the fame words occurring Irequenily in various parts, wiih different fpel lings, & . &c. all which deficiencies and in- accuracies have, in this edition, been duly attended to and remedied ; the whole of this Gazettet r having been lately revifed and correfted at a very grcAt expence, and with unremitting attention and afTiduity. S'mie confiderable improvements have likewifebeen introduced, by adding to the compofnion of this work, a number of remarkable and ioportant places omitted in the late edition. The leader may alfo find miu h new and intereiling information in the numerous additions oc- cahonally made to places already noticed, feveral of which will be found to be confiderably improved, it not written entirely new ; riot- withflanding which, the work, although confiderably enlarged in valuable and authentic nomenclature, is yet not enlarged in fize and price. The infertions made, include different topics of defignation and de- fcription, but chiefly relate to the cunofities of nature and art, na- tural productions, forms of government, milltar)- and naval affaiis, inland navigations, manufaftures, magnificent public buildings, and tiie remains of remarkable antiquities ; with feveral original communi- cations addreffed to the editor, pointing out fources of information and improvement, not often to be met with. Thefe additions the editor has been enabled to make, by omitting the latitudes and longitudes of places apparently infjgnificant, or whole fituations may be eafily alcertained by a reference to other places ge- nerally known; by reducing and narrowing fome accounts lather too circumftantial and minute, for an abridgment.; and by expunging fe- veral articles of lefs eflential importance, wiiich, though not unworthy of attention, leave little room for others that, on fuuher coiifidcra- tion, appear to be more ufeiul and interefling. The editor, however, in {fating the comparative improvements l;y W'hich lie has added to the flock of knowledge contained in our Geo- graphical Ditticnaries, docs not thereby mean to affert, that he lias fo fully executed his plan, but that be himfeif can difcover fome faults and imperfcftions, both in the work and it's execuiioii. Much bjs btcj vi PREFACE. been (lone, yet much remains undone, to improve and bring to perfec- tion the arduous tafk of compiling Gazetteers and Diftionaries. It is only by (low degrees, and long and perfevering exertions, continued through a fucceHion of feveral centuries, that this comprehcnfive fub- ie£k can be expefted to arrive at extenfive ufefulnefs ; but, from the mutability of things, it can never be brought to a flate of full perfetlion. The publiriicrs, however, not prefuming to fuggell that they have completely fucceeded in the execution of this undertaking, yet relying on the caridid decifion of a difcerning public, hope with fome confi- dLMicc, that the performance, now refpeftfully fubmitted to their notice, will be found amujng and enttrtaimng, as well as itfcful andinfiruc- trae to \hc c^.y.'^v.Ai.iT^ OF READERS; and they trufl it may f/am the peculiar atie/ilwn of the young, and such as are not able TO PROCURE LARGER WORKS; for the ufe, indeed, of whom it is principally defigned and calculated. Thereader,whetherfcientificorlefs informed,' will be candid enough, it is prefumed, to excufe fmall mif- takes, for the fake of the pleafure, fatisfaftion, and information, which it is natural to fuppofe, the highly interefling obJe£ls contained in the fcience here treated of, will afford to his mind. THE compiler of this work is unwilling; to difmifs it, without mentioning a prac- tice which he ul'ed to adopt, as a geographical exercife for his Tcholars, when engag- ed in that pleaflng talk, the tuition of youth, hoping that, if parents and teachers will but try it, the icholari and cliildren may derive from it a pkafing and ufefui amufe- ment. Tiie metliod was, to propoie an imaginary journey; fuppofe from Dublin to Paris, to Rome, to Conllantinople, to Jerufalem, to Delhi, to Pekin, or to any other place ; or an imaginary voyage, duei5't or circuitous, or round the world, or long or (licit. In the hrit inftance, from Dublin to Paris, it was propofed to tlie lower claflcs to defcribe the eafieft courfe : thefe cliofe, perhaps, that by water, from the niouih ot the Liffey, fouthward through the Iiilh Channel, round the Land's End, by the Illes of Scilly, and eaftward through the Englilh Channel, to Havre-de-Grace, at th.' moutli of the Seine; and thence, up the river, to the capital. Others adopted a wcltern circuitous courle, through the fouth of Ireland, and acrofs the fea to Nantz, or B'UM-denux, on their way to Paris. Some took ttie poft road, or a devious way, through Wiles and England, to Dover and C'alais ; and others, perhaps, chofe a route ihrougli the north of Ireland, Scotland, acrofs the German Ocean, and through fome of the continental countries of Europe, in a SW. diieflion, to Paris. In all the!c in- ihnces, they planned out their route by the maps, and related, in form of a letter, whit thev ihouc^ht the moft entertaining in the defcriptioBS of the places along the way, which they found in the Gazetteer. Though Geography be one of the molt plain and fimple fciences, being much ealier leirnt thin reading and writing, there are fome parents who declare they know very little of the fuhji^t ; to thefe the following remark may be acceptable, as it may en- able them to lead their children on, as above-mentioned, in imaginary journeys, or tours, round the earth, till they obtain, in thij familiar way, a tolerable acquaint- ance with the different parts of our globe. To conceive aright of the world, being reprcfented in two circles on the map, they are to obferve, thst each of them reprefents a hemifphere, or oppofite half of the globe : if thefe Sircles were put back to back, fattened at the edges all round, and fwelled up like a blown bladder, inio a fpherical form, it would give a reprel'entation of ojr earth ; when, therefore, in marking any line on either of thefe circles, we get off at on>." edge, we are immediately on the correfponding part of the other, and lo, or\ it, may purfue, or continue our track or way. Hence it wiil appear, that in de- icribing a track round the whole earth, or globe, on the map, we muft neccflarily crofs both the circles. INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. Land and Water. A CONTINENT is a large tradl of land not feparated by the fea ; as Eu- rope, Alia, ^c. An ocean is a vaft collediion of water not feparated b/ land ; as the Atlantic, Pacific, &c. A fea is a fmaller colledion of water com- municating with the ocean; as the Mediterranean, the Baltic. An ifland is a trad of land furrounded by water; as Great Britain, Ireiand, &c. A lake is water furrounded by land; as the Lake of Geneva. A cape, or promontory, is a projeftion or point of land running far into the fea ; as the Cape of Good Hope. A peninfula is land almoft furrounded with water ; as the Morea. A gulf is a part of the fea almoft furrounded with land ; as the Gulf of Perfia. An ifthmus is the narrow part of land which joins a peninfula to a continent, or larger country ; as the Ifthmus of Suez. A ftrait is a narrow channel whicJi affords a paffage from one fea to another; as the Straits of Gibraltar. Definitions of Circles, &c. Aftronomers have confidered the ftarry heavens as a fphere, with our earth iu the centre : this is the appearance they make to our fenfes. They have divided the celeftial and terreftrial fpheres, by great and lefs circles: great circles are thofe which divide the fphere equally j lefs circles are thofe which divide it un- equally. Great Circles. Lefs Circles. Parallels of Latitude and Declination Tropics. Polar Circles. Almicanters, or Parallels of Altitudes. The Ecliptic. The Equator. Circles of Longitude and Meridian. The Horizons. Azimuths. To imagine that the earth ftands ftill, and that the fan rifes and falls, is % falfe idea, however confonant to the perception of our fenfes, and as romantic as the notion that houfes, trees, &c. upon land are moving paft us, when we fail in a veflel along the Ihore. "While our earth annually performs an orbit round the fun, the latter appears to defcribe a circle, in the heavens, and we feem to ftand ftill ; this circle is called the ecliptic. The zodiac is the fame imaginary kind of circle, but ex- tended to a conflderabie breadth on each fide of the ecliptic, including the paths of all the planets. The ancients divide the Zodiac into i 2 parts, and imagined or contrive^ certain figns in each divifion. Thei^ names and charafters are, as follow ; Northern Si^m, Southern Signs. y Aries. I ^^ Libra, y Taurus, I tti. Scorpio. n Gemini. } ^ Sagittarius. ® Cancer. Vf Capricornus. Q^ Leo. :x Aquarius, ny Virgo. >^ Pifce:. The equator divides the fphere into the northern and fouthern hemifphewt. The latitude of a place upon earth, and the declination cf a heavenly objefl, as a ftar or planet, are their diftances from the equator. The tropics are pa- rallels of latitude or declination, near 23^ degrees from the equator: the tro- pics bound the ecliptic in the heavens, and on earth, the torrid zone. The ' iplar viii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. polar circles are the fame diftancc from the pole*, as the tropics are from the equator. On earth, the temperate zones lie between the polar circles and tro- pics, thi' frigid zones lie witiiin Uie polur circl'js. M' ridians are indefinite in nunit)cr; their planes interfeifl that of the equator at right angles.- The I'jMgitudc of a place upon earth, and the right afcenfion of a heavenly obje(ft, are their didances from a certain meridian. Circles of longitude in the licavens are indt finite in number; their planes interfedl that of the ecliptic at rig'n angles. I'hc latitude of any heavenly objeft is i:'s dillance from the ••ecliptic; the longitude it's diftante from that circle of longitude, which pafles through tlie firil pi'int of Aries. The horizon is that circle which bounds our fight, or it is the termination of what is vifible to us of the f^y, when on titc fea, or an exteniive level plane. Soi.AR System. The names and char.'nTters by which aftronomers exprefs the planets are as follow, in ordei from the fun: $ ? e ^ V. h y Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars. Jupiter. Saturn. Herfchcl. The planets are attrafted by the fun, and would be drawn into it, and con- fumed, were it not from an impulfe they have received, which tends to throw them off in a right line ; by the combination of thefe two forces, (the centri- petal, or ccntre-feeking, and the centrifugal, or centre-fleeing) they are pre- Icrved in their orbits. The three outer planets have each of them feveral fatellites, or moons, ac- companying them. The comets of our fyftem are fuppofed to be 21 in num- ber, they are found to be under the fame laws with the planets, but their 01 bits are very eccentric. (fCr An idea of a place, or it'sfituation, may fometimes be formed from it's name. In England, borough, bury, berrj, burgh, or brough, as alfo cajier, chejler, cei'per, and chafltr, at the end of the name of a place, fhew it to have been a town or fortified place. Chipy cheap, chipping, in the names of places, implies a market; combe, a valley between two hills; and combxn the end, ot comp'xn. the beginning- ofpames, a low htuation. Minjier, is a contradion of monallery. Mouth exprcfies fhe fituation where a river falls into the fea, or other water; and 7i(j^, a promontory which runs into the water in a form refembling a nofe. "Thorp, thop, threp, trep, and trop, all fignify a village ; and laold-^ whether fmgly or jointly, fignifies a plain open country, or hills without a wood. Jn Ireland, ard fignifies bigh ; atb, water; bally, a town, and clan, a retire- ment. Dun and rath imply a fort. Innis fignifies an ifland ; kil, a church ; hiQck, a hill ; lisy an inclofure ; lovgh, a lakej and magh, a field. THE i N THE UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER. A A L A A, rivers of Courland, Germany, Switre'rlantl, Flanders, and France. t3^ Aa ia fhe Danifh language, Ea in the Saxon, and fau, in the French iignify wa- ter. Aach, a fmall town of Nellenburgh In Suahia, near a river of the fame name which falls into the Lake of Zell. It is fubjeft to Aiiftria, and feated on nn emi- nence between the Danube and the Lake of Conftance. Lat 47, 4.5. N. Ion. 9, o. E. Aaggii Doggii, a mountain of Ama- fia, over which the caravans pafs, in their journey between Conltantinople and Il'pa- han. Aag-Holm, a fmall ifland of Nor- way. Aahus, a fmall town, in a county of «)he fame name, in Weftphalia, is fituated nearthe fouiceof tke Aa. Lat. 48. 13. N. ion. 7. %2. E. Aain Charin, a village near Jerufa- lem, laid to be the place where Zacha- rias lived: it is yet frequented by pil- grims, and near it there is a convent, a large elegant building, with a handfome cupola, under which is a remarkably fine mofaic pavement ; the altar, which is a very fplendid one, encompalTed with mar- ble (leps, is faid to be built on the veiy fpot where John the Baptiit was born. Aakiar, a diftrift of N. Jutland, in Denmark. Aakirke, a town in the ifland of Bcrnhoim, the feat of the civil court and fynod. Aalberg, or Aalburg, a bifliop- rick in Jutland, Denmark} has for it's capital Aalborc, (that is, eel-town, from the number ©f eels taken there) an old, large A A R and populous city, and, next to Copenha- gen, the richeft and beft in Denmark, It has an exchange, and a harbour deep and fecure, but rather dangerous in the en- trance. It carries on a confiderable trade in herrings and corn, and a manufa6lory of faddles and gloves. Lat. 57. 18. N. Ion. 10. 16. E. Aalast, or Aelst. See Alost. Aalen. SeeAuLEN. Aalheide, a large heath in Jutland. A.AMA, a province of Barbary, 15 days journey from Tunis. The entrance to it is very dangerous, being very long and narrow, among quickfands and rivers, fo covered with duft, that they appear like one continued plain. Aan Sire, a fmall ifland of Norway. Aar, rivers in Germany and Swifl'er- land, and an ifland in the Baltic, contain- ing feveral villages but no town. Aarack, a city of Hira, in Perfia. Aarasso, an ancient city of Afia Mi- nor, mentioned by Strabo, but at prelent only a village. Aar aw, a town and bailiwick in Bern, where the diets of the proteftant cantons are held. In thefeaflTemblici, the deputies and their fcrvants, being all citizens, dine ia the fame hall. Their townhoufe is built of the ruins of the caftle, which the inha- bitants of Aaraw entirely demoliftied,wheu the Swifs fliook off the yoke of Auftria. Lat. 47. 20. N, Ion. 8. 10. E. Aarberg, or Aarbuag. See Ar- berg. Aardalswerk, or Semdalswerk, a copper-work, now dil'uled, in the parifli of Leyrdal, m Norway. Aarhuus, a diocefe of N. Jutland, Denmark j has for it's capital B Aarhvus, ABA AA.iui/us,an opci),largc,anti populous city, witli two market places, au liolpitil, utiivcility, catlicilral, and other public biiililings. It lits low, on a bcaiitiliil pliiin, hLtwfon tht (ta .tiul an inlaiiJ lake -^ t\om whlcl) I. ill ilic waicr is convcycii, by means of a pretty broad canal, tliroogn tlie town. Tlie haibour at the mouth ot this canal or rivci, is very fafe and com- inodioiis, but haidly ot iBflicient depth nnd extent for the trade oF the place. Lat. 55. 6. N. Ion. 10. o. E. AvRsto, or Arzeo, a town of Al- giers, near the mouth of the river Mina, which trades to Guinea, Numidia, and o- ther places. Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion. a. 10. E. Aar's HiiRRED, a diltri(5l of N. Jut- land in Denmark, containing 14- pariihes. Aastkup, a diftri6l of Aalberg and N. Jutland, to which belong the Herreds of Wenneborg, with u pariflies, and Jerlef, with the like mimbtr. Aasum Herrf.d, .-. dlltrift of Ny- borg in Funcn, containing 11 j)arifhes. Aattic, a village in Aatter, a diilriil ©{ Arabia f'eli:{. AB/V, a lofty mountatn of Great Ar- menia, p;ut of Mount Taurus; the ri- vers Eui)hrates and Aiaxes have their rife here; alio a city of the ancient kingdom t)f Phocis in Greece, whole inliabicaiUi w^re named Abant«. ■ Abaea, the modern name of the Pe- Htus, a river of Thell'aly, in Greece. Abaca, one of the Philippine lllands. Abac EN A, the ancient name of a city and country of Sicily. Aeacii, or Weltenburg, a town of Bavaria, filuattd oii the Danube, having excellent fprings of mineral waters, which are much frequented. Lat. 4S. 53. N, Ion. II . 59. E. Abacoa, one of t^ie Lucaya or Baha- nialllands. See Providence. AcaCOORE, a mountain of Arabia Felix. Abada.n'> a town at the mouth of the 'JTigris, Abafede, a mountain in Egypt, tl^e refidence, in antiquity, of the Egyptian M:igi; it was much revered by the Ro- mans on their obtaining it, and was afier* wards inhaliited by cin ilHande-votees,who lived in caves dug out of the rock. Abakan, a river tailing into the Je- nefei, near it's fonrce in Afiatic Ruflia, near whicli ftands the town of Abakanfkoi, Lat. 53. 5. N. Ion. 54. 5. E. Abalaskoi, atownof Siberia, nearTo- bolfk, frequented by pilgrims, on account of a itatue, called the image of the Virgin Mary. Lat. 58, 11. N. Ton. 68. 20. E. ABB Ajiala, a city of the tribe of Judahj alfu a town of the Troglodytes in Africa, near the Red S:-a. AnAi,LO. See AVALLON. Ae/iNO, a town of Padua in Italy, much fre()ue;ued on account of it's waini baths. Lat. 45. 30, N. Ion. 10.47.E. Abaraner, a city of Turcomania, \n Afia, faid to contain about 300 Chriftian families. Lat. 39.0. N. Ion. 63. 59. £. Aharcale, a country of Abyflinia. Abarim, or Abaraim, a chain of mountains encompafiing Palcftine. Adasa, a fmall town of Romania, in which aie an elegant mofque and a Ipacious kaneor inn. It is 12 miles from Adriano. pie, on the road to Conftantinople. Lat. 42. 8. N. Ion. 26. 35. E. Aeassia, the modern name of a king- dom in Upper E hlopia ; it comprehend* the provinces of Bagemeder, (j.'ijam, Wa- leka, Shewa, &c. and is very mountain- ous; in Ibme parts the rocks arc fo fteep, that men and cattle are craned up by help of ropes and ladders, yet on the tops of thefe there are woods, meatlovvs, aud fifli- ponds. Abatos, an ifland of Egypt, in the Lake Moeris. It was famous for being the Sepulchre of Ofuis, and for producing the papyrus, of which tiie ancients made their paper. -Abawiwar, a country in Upper Hun« gary. Ahaskaja, a town on the river If- diini in Siberia. Lat. 50. io.i«J. Ion. 6y. 5. E.. . tlbbas Comhy a parlfli in Somerfet- fliire. Abl'oujton, or Abberfton, Hamp- Hi ire. Abiiefiord, a Tea- por t of Norway . Ahberlougk, a lake in Argylefhirc. AbbertOfi. nt:ix Lexden, Edex. Abhertcn, near Perfhcre, 7 miles from Worctlter, noted for it's mineral water. Abbervj'icky near Alnwick, Nurthumberiand. Ab- beuh&ll, 12 miles trom Gloucefter, and 3 from Newnham. It is noted for afpring of water very efficacious in the cure ot cu- taneous eruptions. Abbeville, a town In the department of Somme in France, about 15 miles from the Engliih Channel, I'eated in a pleafant valley. It is famous for its manufaclure of foaps, woollen and linen cloths, and carries on an extenfive trade by means of the river Somme, w!-,ich runs through it, and in which the tide riles 6 feet. It is 52 miles S. of Calais, and 80 N. by W. ot Paris. Lat. 50. 7. N. Ion. i. 55. E. * Abbey- BOYLE, a town in Rolcom- mon, C^pnaiight, is fituated on the river ABB ABE Buelle,overwhich there are2 (lone bridges. GIou. called alfo Wyke, from a wlr.cfino' 54.. 53. N. Ion. 3 miles from It is 20 n-iles N. of Rolcomnion, 31 NW. of Athlone, and 84. from Dublin. Lat. 5^, 56 N. Ion. 8. 32. W. Abbey Feale, a Imall town In Limerick. Abbey-Holme, a town in Cumber- land, Ic called trojn an abbey buik tl.ere bv David kiiig; ot Scots. It is 16 miles S!W. of Carfifle. Lat. 3. 29- W. Abbey. Menor, Berkf. Wantage. ABBEY-MlLTON'.orMlDDLETON, an ancient little town in Dorl'etihiie, 12 miles NE. of Dorchefter. Lat. 5c. 51. N. Ion. 2. 24.. W. Abbey -Knockmoy, a town in Galway, Connaught. Abbey Mabon, in Cork, Munfter. AbhcyOdorney, in Kerry^ Mim- fter; near the river Brick, 141 miles from Dublin. Abbey-Shrule, in Longford, Leiniler. Aebiany, a town on the coaft oi Gul- rea. Abbi?:gton, near Northampton. Abbmg. ton, near Royfton, "Cambridgtlhire, Ab brook that runs by it. Abbotjlon, near Sylton, Gloii. Abbctjion, Wilts. Abbcijhn, Hampfnire, near Airesford. Abbotjroot, DorJet. near Winborn Minder. Abbot/- n-vood, Worceft. 4. miles NW. of Per- /hore. Abbotfworlhy, Hamp. near Alref- ford. Abb's-court, in Walton, Siirry. Abb's-Head, a pionionttry in Ber- wickfliire, forming the tbiithern extremity ot the Frith of Forth. Lat. 55. 55. N. Ion. I. 56. W. Abby-Forgate, Salop, near Shrewfbury, Abby Gate, Leiceft. Abby Greerii near Behmgham, Northumberland. Abcassia, Abaecia, or Abkhas. a fubdivificn of Georgia, in Afn. The Abcaffes are very barbaro\is, feizing and felling one another, for ilaves, to Turks, Ptrlians, or Tartars. Ahdick, near Ilminfter, Somerfgtf, Ah-^ cot, near Purllow, Shropfliire. Abcoude, a village, about 9 miles from Amfterdam, on the road to Utrecht. Abdera vxas anciently one of the moft celebrated cities in Thrace. It is now bington, Magna and Par'vn, near Linton called Polyllillo, and is but a fmall town and Bournbridg*^, Cambriilgefhire. Ab. born, or A^vjburn-Ckapel, on the E. coaft ot Yorklhire, 10 miles from Flamborough. Abbots, or Ape^vood Cajile, in StafFord- fliire, iituated on a lofty round promontory, and a iteep ridge of hills, extending a mile in length, luppoled to have been one continued fortification of the ancient Bri- tons. It is in the parifh of Seifdon, and 7 miles h'om Wolverhampton. Abbots- Anne, near Andover, Hamplhire. Al'bots-Beckington, on the river Tow- ridge, DevonOiire. Abeots-Bromli£y,Pagets-Brom- LEY, or Bromley-Abbey, a town in St afford (hire, 6 miles E. of Stafford, and 129 NW. of London. Lar. 5-. 50. N. ion. I. 53. W. Market on Tuefday. Abbotsbury, a tosvn of DorCeifhire, where there is a vtry large fwannery. The town confifts of 3 ftreets in the form of the letter Y. It's chief trade is fifli- ing. It is 10 miles SW. of Dorchefter, and 127 W. by S. of London. Lat, 50. 38. N. Ion. 2.42, W. Market onThurf, Abbotjl'ury, near Barley, Hertf. Abbofs- Carefwell, Devon. AbboVs-Crome, Wore. of Romania in European Turkey. Abdon, near Munilow, Shroplhire. Abdoua, a town of Plelkof, in W. , Mulcovy. Abdua, or Addua, a river of Lora- bardy. Abella, anciently a town of Campa* nia; now Avello, in Naples. Abenhall. See AbbenhalL Abend w, a mountain of Suabia, in Germany, 23 miles from Friburg. It is the fource of the Danube, and gives name to a chain ot mountains, extending from the Rhine to the Neckar, and from the Fo- reft-Towns to the city of Thorflieim. Abenrade, a mountainons diftrift of Slewick ; it has for it's capital AEENRADE.or Apenrade, a flourith- ing town, on a fpacious bay, with a good harbour, where they buihl large fhips. Lat. 55.6. N. Ion. 9. 14. E. Abensburg, a towaof Bavaria, on the river Abens, near the Danube, 15 miles S. W. of Ratifbon. Lat. 48. 46. N. Ion. II. 55. E, Aberath, a parilh of Card iganlb ire. Aberavon, (i. e. mouth of the A- Abbot's Fee~Tythiiig, near Shirbprn, Dcr- von) a town of Glamorganf. 19 mile» let. Abbot/ham, near Biddeford, Devon. S.W. of Cowbridge, and 194 W. cf Lon-. Abhofs-Langley, near Bukway, Hertf. don. L^t. 51. 35. N. loa. 3. 48. W. Abbofs-Leigb, or Ijle, near Ilminfter, So- Aberbrothvvick, a town iji thelhire merfetC. Abbotjley, near St. Neot's, Huntf. of Forfar or Angus, hnvii'^g a pretty good Abbofs Moreton, Worceft. Abhotfiock, De- harbour, advantageoufly firuated for trade, von. Abbotjloke, near Bcmintler, Doriet. and a mineral viater much reforted to. It Abbotjlon, or A''Jlon, near Kingfwood, is 1 5 miles NE. of St. Andrews, and 40 B a , NNE. ABE' KNE. of E^inhuigh. Lat. 56. 36. N. Ion. 1. 39. W. Aberconwav, a town of Carnarvon- (hiif, pleafanily fiiuafed on the livcr Con- way. It has a good li uboiir, and lormer- ly canit.l on a confiderabie tiadt in corn. In tlic burying ground appears the toU&w- ing itmarkahlc inlcrip'ion : «« Here lieth tliL- body of Nicholas Hooker, of Cunway, gent, wlio «as the one and fortieth child of bis father William Hooker, Efq. by Alice his wile, and tiie father of 27 child- nn. He di.d 20th of March, 1637." Aberconv/vay is 18 miles WNW. of Dtn- bjgii, o (loin Brmgor, and 235 WNW. «f London. Lat. 53. lo. N. Ion. 4. 1. VV. Market on Friday. Abercorn, a town of W. Lothian, Bear the Frith of Forth ; lierc began the Roman wall, laid to have been built by Scvcrus, which ran W. acrol's the country, to tile Frith of Clyde. Abercorn, a linall town of Georgia, in N. America, 13 miles NW. of Savan- rah. Af^erdaron, a bay, and a parifli of Car- diganlhiie. *ABtRDEEN, the capital of Aberdeen- fliire, is the third city in Scotland for trade and ex ent. It is formed of ilie old and new towns; the former on the Don, over which there is a lofty bridge of one arch; the latter on the Dec, over which there is a bridge of feven arches. In tiie bay there is good anchoring, a harbour in each river, and falmon in all. The fitua- tion is hilly ; it has a I'pa and baths. It's univerfity has produced many learned men. The manufaiS^ures are (lockings, cottons, &c. and bcfides the coalting trade, vcflcis are fent hence to France, Spain, Portuo-al, and the northern (fates of Europe j the inhabitants aie eftimated at ?.o,ooo. Abeideen is S4 miles NE. of Edinburgh. Lat. 57. 6. N. Ion. i. 50. W. Aberdeenshire, a county of Scotland, contaming the dilbias of Mar, Garioch, Strathbogie, and the greater part of Bu- clian. It's length, from NE. to SW. is about So miles; it's breadth nearly 30. It is bounded on the W. by Invernefshire ; on the NW. by Banffftiire and the river Dcveron; on the N. and NE. by the Ger- man Ocean, and on the S. by the counties of Kincardine, Angus, and Perth. There is much excellent pailure in the high pans ; R«*J the level tra^, Stratlibogie, contains many wcU-cuitivated fields. A'berdour, a town in Fifefhire, on the Frith of Forth, about 10 miles from IJdinburgh. 41x:-Jo'W€^ a pajiili in HaJi-orfliire, A B I Ahereche, in Carnarvonfhire. Aberford, or Abkrkorth, a town in the VV. riding of Yorkfhirc, ftanding on the gieat Roman caufeway which, between this and Caltlelorth, feems entire, tliou;^!, nearly 1800 years old. It is 16 miles SW. of "^01 k, and 184 NNW. of London, Lat. 53. 50. N. Ion. 1. 21. W. Market on Wednesday. Aberfraw, a village of Anglefey. * Abergavenny, a wtU-built town in Monmouthfliire, containing about 500 hoiifes. It i;. 16 miles W. of Monmoutli, and 143 W. by N. from London. Lat. 51. 50. N. Ion. 3. 5. W. Markets on Tuefday and Friday. Ahergely, a village of Dcnblghfliire. Aberguilly, or AbergerUch, in Carmar- thcnfhire. * Aberistwyth, a townof Cardigan- (hire, on the river Riddal, near it's conflu- ence with the Iltwith, where it falls into the lea. It's principal trade is in lead and fifh. It is 30 miles NE. of Cardigan, and 203 WNW. of London. Lat, 52. 25. N. Ion. 4.0. W. Miirket on Mon. Aberlady, a village in E. Lothian. Aberletntio, in the (hire of Angus. Aierley, Aburley, or Abbotjley, Wore. AberlouTi in t,he fliire of Elgin. Aeep^nethy, a town on the river Spey, in Alurrayfhire, near which was erected a famous monument, callrf Mac duff's crois ; where if any, within the ninth degree to Macduff, fled, for man- flaughter, he was pardoned, on paying a few head of cattle, by way of fine. Abernethy, atownof Perthfhire, on the Tay, formerly the feat of the Pi6lifh kings. Abersperg. See Abensburg. Abertar.noty Shropfhirc, near Olweftry, AberzvooK, Glamorganf. near Swaniey. Abcjleyy Hampf. between Riugwood and Fcrdingbridge, Abeione^ Staff, near Tot- manflow. Abex, a country of Africa, S. of Egypt, bordering on the Red-Sea. It is about 500 miles long and 100 broad j abounds with wild bealts, and is ver\' fan- dy, dry, and barren. It's inhabitants arc Mahometans. Abher, Habar, or Ebher, a city of Perlian-Irak, or ancient Parthia, with a final 1 river of the fame name running through the middle of it, which renders its fituation plcafant. It's mofques, bazars, inns, tSt'c. are elegant, and their gardens are of imnienfe extent. It contains 2500 houliss, and Is governed by a Dcroga. Lat. 36. 14. N. Ion. 50. 59. E. Abiad, a town oc the coailof Abex, leatuJ ABO feated on a high mountain, remarkable for it's trade in ebony and aromatic plants. Abxgrasso, a little town oi Milan, feated on a canal. Lat. 45. 20. N. Ion. 9. 24. E. * Abingdon, or Aeington, a well- built town oi Eerkfliiie, on the Thames. They make great quantities of malt here, which, with other commodities, they lend to London in barges. In the time of the Britons, it was the featof their kings ; and afterwards, in the Saxon heptarchy, the place of fevcral fynods. It is 7 miltrs S. of Oxford, and 56 W. of London. Lat. 51. 42. N. Ion. 1. iz. W. Markets on Mon- day and Friday. Abington, a pretty town of Philadel- phia county, in Pennfylvania ; alio a I'mall tcvva in Ireland, 7 miles E. of Limerick, and 91 miles from Dublin. Alnnger, Surry, near Darking. Ahing- ivorth, Surry, near Godalming and Stoke. Abiul, a town of Beira, containing 1300 inhabitants. Lat. 40.20. N. Ion. 7. 10. VV. Abkhas, one of the feven nations. In the countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Calpian. It's capital is Anakopir, tributary to the Turks. Abkettleby, a parifli of Leicctferlhire. Aelay, a country of Tartary, lubjefl to the Ruffians, but their chief is a Cal- inuc prince. Lat. from 51 to 54. N. Ion. from 72. to 83. E. Ablench, Worcelf . near Flanbury. Ab. lington, Glouceft. near Fairford. Ablhig- ton, Wilts. 4 miles from Ambrefbury. Ablods Court, near Gloucefter, on the Severn. Abloe, a town of Little Tartary, be- tween the river Dnieper and the Black Sea. Lar. 46. ao. N. Ion. 33. 15. E. Abnakis, a tribe of Indians l)ctvveen Canada and New England, who didike labour, and prefer hunting and filhing to tillage, Abney, Derbyfliire, in the High Peak, Abo, a diftrifl and a lea-porr, the ca- pital ot Swedifli Finland ; it is fituaied at the mouth of the Aurojoki, near the point where the gulfs of Finland and Bothnia unite. The neighbouring country is mountainous j the lown is pretty well built, but the houfes are generally of wood, painted red. In 1678, it was al- moft confumtd by a fire. Here is an uni- vcrfity, with a botanic gaiden. The in- habitants export linen, corn, fl.ix, and iron. Abo is 140 miles NE. of Stock- holm. Lat. 60.27. N. Ion. 21. 18, E. Abo-Flot, or Aeo-Hus, in Fin- land. Aboary or AflOtRA, Abocroe, and A B S Abo NEE, traiSls of Guinea, pretty rich in gold. Aboim de Nobreva a Coato, a dirtrid^ of Eiure Duero e Minho, in Por- tugal. Aboram, a fmall ifland in the Medi- terranean, near the coalt of Morwcco, whole inhabitants live chiefly by filhing, Abornnly Suflex, near Arundel. Abor- rozvs, Cornwall, near Hellfon-Downs. Abouillona, a lake, with a town and ifland, near Mount Olympus, in Narolia, Aeoutice, Aeutish or Abohibji, a town in Upper Egypt, famous tor the beft opium in all the Levant. Abraham's Dorf, a populous little town in Hungary. Lat. 46. 20. N. Ion. 19 50. E. Abram, Lancadiire, near Leigh. ABRAiNTES, a town of P-rtiigal, in EltreiTiridura, on tlu Tajo. It's inhabit- ants are eltimatcd at 35,000; it has four i convents, an alms-houfe, and an hoipital. Lat. 39. 13. N. lc;n. 8. o. W. Abreiro, a dillriof, and a town of Tra-los-montes, in Portugal. Lat. 41. 20. N. Ion. 7. 10. W. Abrenner, a town and conical moun- tain ot Turcomania, where there are me- dicinal fprings. Abrettini, a people of ancient Mylia. Abrey Hatch, Effex, near Rumford. Abridge, Eliex, near Lambcurn. Abright' led, near Shrewfbury. Abrifier, Brcck- nockfhire. Abroke, Surry, near Cobham. Abrojos, or Baxos de Bap.uca, a bank with fcveral (inail illands anil rocks to the E. of Turks-jauid, in the Weft Indies, Lat. 21. 5. N. Ion. 69. 40 W. Abrolhos, a promontory anet and A''Jloriie, Nottingh. B 3 ^'P»» A C A AI>floHandJVi(k, Gloiicef. 7 miles from Briltol, on tlie road to I.oin.lon. Af>lon, Sliropf. near Wtiilock. Al'iiry, or Aubery, Wiltl. neir Marlbo- roiigli Downs, nmeil for the (hipLndous rem.iins of a (lri»ind but littie known to Euro- peans. , AcHELOus, a river (much celebrat- ed in antiquity) and ACKELOVU, a bifnop's ACL bilhop's feeof Epiius, in Europ. Tui-key. ACHEEN, AcHE.\4, or AcHEN, the capital of a kingdom ct the lame name, in Sumatra; and the place where Englifh fliips firft arrived at, in iailing to the E. Indies. Chinele and Europeans live there, and exchange with the natives their difi't-r- ent wares ior golJ-duft and elephants' teeth. Tlie ho«ies arc built on polts two teet above the ground, becauie, in ihe rainy leaibn, ihe city is ib overflowed, that they go from houfc to hoiiie in boats ; their public buildings are, the king's palace and the mofques. Tlie Achanele arc, in gene- ral, taller, Itouter, and of dai ker complex- ion than the other Sumntraiisj they are more active and induitrious ; thf-y alio, dil'cover more fagacity and penetration, and are accoimtid the molt diftioneft and flagitious people in all the eaft. Tht-y are Mahomeians. AcHEN or ACKErJ, in Magdeburg, Lower Saxony, is a fmall town on the Elbe, which has a citadel. Acheron, a river of Albania, cele- brated in antiquity; and a lake in Naples, the Tenebrola Paius of Virgil. AcHiAVEL, a town of Caflimere, Hin- dooftan. Ackill Ifies, two iflands in Clew- Bay, ©n the coait of Mayo, Connavight. Achillea, a peninfula in tlie Euxine Sea, near the mouth of tli£ Boryfthenes ; and AchillEON, a town of Boiphorus, whereantientlyv/asthe temple of Achilles. Achlam,Ox Acklama, a village iz miles from York, where the body oi the em- peror Scverus, who died at York, was burnt to aflics, agreeably to the culfcm of rhofe times. AcHMETSTED, a town of the Crimea. ACHOMBENE, a town of L. Guinea. Achcniy, a village of Sligo, ACHOi.LA, a city ut Carthage, Africa. ACHONCAGUA, a deep river of Chili, Achurch, Northamp. near Oundle. ACHYR, a town of the Ukrain. Acis, a river which rifes, at once in a large ftrcam, on Mount Etna, about a mile from the lea, to which it run^ wi;h great rapidity. It's waters are of a noxi- ous quality. AciTANi, an ancient people of Spain, Ackeld, Northumb, in Wooler. ACKERSUNDT, a i'mall illand of Nor- way. Ackley, near Buckingham. Ackivorth, Yorkf. near Pontcha6u In this village, the Society of theQnakers have a rel'pedl- able feminary, for their children of both iirxes. AcLAMAR, a lake in Turcomnnia. Ade, Glouc. near ChelterihaiH, Aikyt A C R Durham, on the river Skern. Adlff, Dur- ham, 5 miles from Billiop- Auckland. Ac.MONiA, a city df Dacia, on the DiHube, near Trajan's bridge. It lies 12 miles from Temefwaer, and was built by the emperor Stverus. Ac MOD ii s or Ac .\5 o D^, mentioned by Pliny, liippoledtobe the Shetland liles. Acol, Kent, near Canterbury. AcoMA, or St. Estevan de Aco- MA, a town of Mexico, on a high moun- tain, which has a (Iroug caftle, and is ca- pital of a dilh-ia. Lat. 35. o. N. Ion. 104. 15. VV. ACOMACK, a large county of Virginia. Acomb, Northumb. on the N. fide of Hexham. Acomb, a neat place near York. AcosA, a Imall town in Lower Saxonv^ Aconbury, 3 iniles from Hereford. A' conbury, or Auconbury, Hunts. AcONE, a port and town; and Aco- Nis, a mountain of Bithynia, where the poifonous iierb Aconite grows in great plenty. Acgres, a village in Eelra, Portugal, AcouEZ, certain Indians in Canada. Acous, a village in Oltron. AcQ^, a little town at the foot of the Pyrenees, in the dept. of Arriege ; and AcQ^, or Dax, a city on the rivet* AJour, in the dept. of Landes ; both of which places have hot waters or baths. AcQ_UA, a town in Tufcany, noted for warm baths. Lat. 4.3. 45. N. Ion. 12. 10. E. AcquA-CHE favella, a celebrated fountain of Calabria, in Italy. It is near the mouth of the river Ciata, and the ruins are called Sibari Rovinata. AcQUAPESDENTE, a large town of It?.ly, in the pope's territories, feated on a mountain near the liver Paglia, i'o called from it's abounding with water, Lat. 42. 4-5, N. Ion. la. 17. E. AcquARiA, a town of Modena, re- markable for it's medicinal waters. Lac, 44. 24. N, Ion. II. 17. E, AcQUATACCio, formerly Almo, a fmall river near Rome, which falls into the Tiber. Acqu A VIVA, a fmall town of Naples. Acqyj, a town of Montierrat in Italy, contiguous to the Apeunines. It has lolt much ot it's ancient ("plendor and riches, from it's in^eftine difcoids ; but is much relorttd to on account of it's warm baths. Lat.44. ^o.N. Ion. 8.35. E. AcRA, a town and territory on the coalt of Guinea, where the Engliih, Dutch, and Danes liave built forts, and each fort has it's particular village, AcRA or Acre, a flaportof Paleftine, called in fcripture Accho, and by the B 4 Greeks ADA Greeks Ptolemais; it underwtnt, in the time of tlic cnifadt , ni;iny (ieges, as .ell by llic Cl)ii(ti;ins :is Suaccn^ If was here that our king Kdward I. wlicn prince, .c cciving a v.unnd from a polfuned ari')\v, vvjs cnirtil by liis wifV Klcanor, who (utk- tfl 01" rlic puifon. Tlie Ain>"nia»s and Ivuropian niercn.inls have their refpcot- ive places ot w:>rllup hen-, and carry on a pretty profit.ihle trade with the Arabs. Lat. 32. 30. N. ion. 35. 2+. E. AcRA, an illand in the Mcili'.erranean, on tlic coalt of Barb.ny, forming a har- bour, wh>.re vefTcis of tlie greateit burthen can lie in lafety. AcRON, or Great Acron, a kind of rc:public, is an inland country, at forne dilfance troni Acra. See AcRA. Acropolis, near Athens. AcROTERi, a town in the ifland of Sintorin, in the fea of Candia. Lat. 36, 25. N. Ion, 25. 12. E. Acryfc or AwkbrUge, Kent. ASlon, Armagh. Acton, Kent, in Charing. Allan, Staff. /Won Beaucbamp, 10 miles from Worcelfei-. A'loi! Burnell, Shropf. 8 miles from Shrewfbury. A3o>i EaJ}, 6 miles; ASlon-WeJI, 7 miles from London, both in Middlelcx, on or near the Oxford-road. Ailon-Gran^^e, Ciiefhire, near the Mtrfey. Adon, Che- Ihire, neir Northwich. /(/■7o«, Chefhire, reai Nainptwicii. ASion, Cumb. 8 miles from Curlide. ASlon, near Northampton. Aclon, Siiropt". near Puiflow. ABony SrnfF. between the Trent and Severn. Adon-Higker, Glouc. near Wotton. Ac- ton Pigot, Ailon-Rey}ioU, and Aden Scot, Gv oil the Hill, Shropf. Acion- Hxer, G\oi\c. liamlet to Iron Ap(tlous city, on the SW. coail of Arabia Felix ; but much reduced fince it's valt trade has been removed to Mocha. Lat. 13. 10. N. Ion. 46. 30. E. Adenmtrg, near Nottingham. Adenburg or Aldenf.urg, a town of Weffphalia, fubjeft to the Ekaor Pa- latine, 12 miles NE. of Cologne. Lat. 51. 2. N. Ion.. 7, 16. E. Aderbigan. Sec Aidereezan'. Aderburg, a town of Germany, In PnilTian Pomcrania, 9 miles NW. of Stettin. Aderno, ADR Aderno, a fmall town in Sicily, at 4Jie foot of Meant Etna, watered by a river of it's own name. Jdejham, Dorfetf. in Broad "VVindfor, Adjazzo. See Ajaccio. Adige, a river of Lomhardy. AdiRBEITZAN. See AlDHRBEZAN. Adis, anciently a city near Carthage. Adijhamy or Addtjkam, Kent, Ading- fleet, Yorkfh. W. Kiding, between the Trent and Oufe. Adlesburg, a remarkable cavern in Carnioia ; the paifages in which are of Ibme miles extenc; from, the top, fpai ri- des, and along the lides, a fort of pillars, with various grotefque figures, have been formed by the exfudations of the petrify- ing fluid. Adiington, Chefli. near Prefbury. Ad- lingtoji, Lane, near Eccleltjii, Admafion, Shropf. near Wellington. Admajiou, Staff, near Pagct's Bromley. Admington, Glou. near Caiiipden. Admiralty Islands, a clufter of iflands to the N.of New Britain, and nearly in a parallel W. frotn New Ireland. They are between 20 and 30 in number, of con- fiderable extent, and exceedingly fertile. The inhabitants are a fieice intra6fabie people, going quite naked, except that they have fhells on their legs and arir)s, by way of ornament. They are of a dark copper colour, nearly black, with woolly heads, which they profufely powder; they alio paint their cheeks with white ftreaks. Lat, about 2.. S. and Ion. from 14.6. to 152. E. Adney, Shropf. 3 miles SW. of New- port. Adolph-Fredericic's-Schadt, a filver mine in Sweden. Adone, a village of Stuhl-WeifTcn- burg, Huuf^ary. Adour, a river in the dept. of Gers. Adra, a lea-port of Granada. Adragoal, In Bantry Bay, Cork. AURIA, a town ot Venice, which gives name to the Adriatic Gulf. Adriano-a-Sierra, a chain of moun- tains of Bifcay in Spain. There is a road over them to Aalba and Old CalHle, which at it's begiiming is a dark patli of fihy paces cut through a rock, and then leads over the highelt of the Pyrenees. Adrianople, in Romania, the iecond city in the Turkilh empire. It is plea- fantly fituated on a beautiful plain, and watered with three rivers, one of which is navigable. The public buildings are the nioCqucs, and a beautiful bazar or ex- change, which is an arched building, half a mile long, containing great numbers of i£ G O rich niops, kept by Turks, Greeks, Ar- menians, and Jews. It is 115 mile* NW. of Conftantinople. Lat. 41. 45, N. Ion. z6. 27. E. Adrington, Suli'ex, near Arundel, Adrmgton, Dcvonf. near B.irnftaple. Adrumetum, now Mahomerta, a city in Afiica, built by the Phoenicians, between Carthage and the Syrtes. Adfcomb, Surry, near Croydon. Adfct, Glouc. near Wdibury. Adjhck, near Buckingham. Adjhii or Adjh/i, Nor- thnmp. between Brackley and Dcvventry. Adz>ene, Cornwall, near Lefneath. Adventure Island, in the S. Sea. The inhabitants appear mild and cheer- ful, but not enterpnfmg or a£live. Lat. 43. 21. S. Ion. 147. 29. VV. Adugak, one of the Fox Iflands, in the Northern Archipelago. AnuLA.a mountain of Navarre, Spain. Adulis, an ancient port of Ethiopia. Adu}', a river in Sullex. AdvjaltoHy Yoikl. 5 miles from Leeds. Adxvel, Oxf. between Thame and War- lingtcn. Ad--uuick on Strattofiy or en ike Street, Yorkl". near Duncalier. Adzel, a fmall place in the neigh- bourhood of Riga. Adzenota, a fmall town of Valencia. JRa, -'Epolis, anciently a city or cities oi Colchis, near the Euxine Sea. ^BORA, ^BURA. See TaLAVERA.. .^DEPSUM, anciently a city of Eubcra. ./Odessa or vEgis, a city of Macedo- nia, where it's ancient kings were interred, JEv)Vi, an ancient people of Gallia Celtica, who had the privilege of I'enators of Rome, llyling themfelves, Brothers of the Romans. 4^gade3 or Agates, three iflands, viz. Levenzo, Faviguana, and Maritime, on the W. (ide of Sicily. JElen, a didri6f of Bern. -^GELsrAWiK, a harbour of Sudei"- mania. ^LST, SeeALOST, -ffiGEAN Sea. S.-e Apchipelago. iEciNA, an iflaiKl in the Archipclaoo, anciently Ocnone and Myrmidonia, the inhabitants of which were called Myrmi- dons, that is, pifmiies or emmets, from the great pains they took in cultivating the earth. ^GiUM, a city of the Pcloponnefus, where the Greeks rendezvouled prior to the invalion of Troy, Here was alio held the alftmbly of the Ach:ean League, and it became at length a fort of metro- polis of Achaia. ./Egos-Potamos, a river In the Thra- clan Cheribnefus, A F R /Emiman Ways, two confalar roads in Italy, made before the Clnillnn xia. TKOLJS, the ancient name of part of the W. eoa(t of Afia Minor. /EoLiAN Islands, near Sicily. >Erdi:nbur(;. See Ardenburg. MRDtSQ, a town and diltriil ot Low- er Bivari.i. iERsiiOTjorAtRSCHOT.acityofBra- haiu. Af,th. See Ath. yRrnioPiA. See Abyssikia and Cakkr.\8.ia. JEthax, a river of Sweden. JETti.\, a drcnlful volcano, and the higlielf mountain in Sicily. JEron.\, a part of ancient Greece. Afcrzvick, Worcef. near Siikely. Affancy a paridi in Waterford county. Affi/tgton, Doric-til near Blandtbrd. Af- /or./.'y;, L ceifteii. near Hallaion, AfpiJ- dley Dorlctf. nearBt-re regis. Afghans, the general name of a peo- ple in Ptrlia, who, muler the late Kouli Khan, fubverted the Perfian monarchy. Afra, a caftle of Nimiivtia, on tlie bor- ders of Zaara, built by Chcrif Mahomet, king- of Sus. Lat. zS. 20. N. ion. 23. xo. E. AFRICA, one of the four grand divi- fions of the globe, is bounded on the N. by the Mediterranean, which feparates it fro)n Europe; on the NE. by the Red Sea, which feparates it. from Afia, lave where they are conne(5led together by the ifthmus of Suez; it's other Ihores are walbed by the Ocean. The greitclt part ©f this largelt of all peninfulas, lieswithia the torrid z9ne, hence the inhabitants are ail of dark complexions ; and in the centre and fouthwar^ls ihry are (piite black. The mountains and rivers of Afi ica are ve- ry lar^jrc; the country is extremely fertile, except in thofe extenfivc tracts that are untupplied with moifture ; there the couu- tiy is p.rchcd up, and the heat becomes iiifupportable. In crofTnig thele arid de- ferts, the lands are fometimes lb railed by the winds, that whole caravans are buried wndtr them: on tlie other hand, noching 6H11 be more beautiful than the fertile parts of Africa ; the luxnriancy of the lanJi'cape, continually clothed with all the beauties ot fpring, fumniei', and harveit, luipaiTisalldefcription; and the variety of anmials, llenis greater here than in the ptljer parts of t!ie globe. Africa lies be- tween the parallels of 37. o. N. and 35. o. S. latitude, and between 17. o. W. and 51. o. E. lon^i'ude, and may be divided as follows I Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, TriiK>Ii, Barca, Egypt, Biledulgtrid, Zaara, Negiwland, Guinea : UppcrEthio- AGE pia,inc!uding Nubia, Abyflinia, and Ahcx; Lower Ethiopia, Loango, Congo, Ango- la, B ngucla, Maiuman, Ajan, Zaiigtje- bar, Monomotapa, Monoemugi, Sotala, Terra de Natal, and Caffiaria. The length of Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to the molt northern part, is 4600 miles ; and it's greatcft brcald I'prinf, which bubliles up with a ttrong ebullition. It is j8 miles N. of A I R Clermont, and 261 S. of Paris. .Lat. 46, 6. N. Ion. '^. zo. £. AiGUESCAUDES, a place in the dcpt. of Lower Pyrenees, remarkable for a warm fpring, the wators of w^hich are oily, lapon-fceous, and fpirititous ; they have a foetid fmell, and areufed both out- wardly and inwardly. AiGUESMORTES, an inconfiderable town in the dept. of the (Jard. It former- ly (food near the lea, and had a harbour, but this is choked up, and the fea has retired two French leagues from the town, leaving it in a morafs. Lat. 43. 34. N. Ion. 4. 3. E. Aii.AU, thought to be the Elath men- tioned in Scripture, a Imall town of Axz- bia Petr32;i, on one of the north bays of the Red Sea, near the road which the piU grims take from Egypt to Mecca. *AiLESBUR.Y, the largelt and mod po- pulous town in Buckinghamfhiie, and the centre of the bufiuefs of the rich vale of Ail: (bury, one of the moft fertile trafts in England. It is '6 miles SE. of Buck- ingham, and 41 NW. of London. Lat. 51. 50. N. Ion. o. 42. W, In William the Conqueror's time, it was a royal ma- nor, his favourites holding it of him by this tenure, thai they fliould find litter and rtraw tor the king's bedchamber ; provide him three eels in winter, and three green geefe in fummer, if he flioiild come there fo often, bcl'ides herbs for !iis chamber. Ailejham, or Ailam, Norf. near Nor- wich, Aikfivejihrp, or ElzveJlkorJ>ef commonly called Gayton-Tkorp, Norfolk, near Lynn-Regis. Ailefton, near Leicefter, Ailnierton, Norfolk. AiLSA, or AiLZE, one of the weftern iflnnds of Scotland, fteep, rocky, and ac- cefTihle onlv on the NE. where (!eps, or a kind of (lairs, are cut out of the rock. AiME, or AxiMA, a fmall town in the dept. of Mont- Blanc, on the river liere. AiN, a dept. of France. It takes its name from a river wiiich rifes at the foot of Mount Jura, and falls into the Rhone above Lyons. AiN, a lipall town of Berdoa, Africa, AiNAON. See Hainan. AiNSA, a town of Arragon, in Spain. Ahijlable, Cumb. between Brampton and Kirk Ofwald. Ainthorp, Cumb. in the pariih of Boulnefs. Air. See Ayr. Aire, a town in the depr. of Landes, feated on the river Adour, on the decli- vity of a mountain, 65 miles S. of Bour- deaux. Lat. 43. 42. N. Ion. o. 16. W. Aire, a town inthedept.of the Straits of C:ihis. It is feated on the river Lis, 2a miles S. of Dunkirk, and communi- cates A K I ftates with St. Omer by a canal from riie river Aa. Lat. 50. 4.2. N. Ion, a. 29. E. Aire, a river in Yorkflure, which runs into the Oufe a little above Hoke. Aif- la/y, Durham, near Stockton. Aijlal'j, Yorkf. in the parifli of Whitby. \ AisNE, a dept. of France. It takes it's name from a river, which runs by Soifibns, and falls into the Oiie Bear Compeigne. Aix, a beautiful and ancient city In the dept. of the Months of the Riione, adorned with feverul fine fquares and fountains. It's Iwt baths have been cele- brated fince the time of the Romans, who firft founded it. In the neighbourhood is produced excellent wine, but the princi- pal trade is in oil; here are alio forn« Ituff-manufaflurers. It is 17 miles E. of Montpcllier. Lat.43.32'N- Ion. 5. 31. E. . Aix, a fmail iiland on the coalt of France, between the Ifle of Oleron and the continent. It is \z miles NW. of Rochefort. Lat. 46.45.N. Ion. 1. 5. W. The Englifli made a dcfcenton it in 1758, and demoliOied the fort. Aix, an ancient town of the dept. of Mont Blanc, on the Lake of Bourget. Here are mineral waters much frequented. It is 8 miles N. of Chamberry. Lat. 45. 40. N. Ion. 6. 10. E. Aix la-Chapelle, alargeand hand- fome town of Wellphalia. There are hot baths in it, and fome mines near it. The caftle ftands upon a hill, from which it is faid that 60 cities or towns, the Tea, aiTd even England, can be feen on a clear day. Two celebrated treaties of peace were concluded here, in 1668 and 1748. It is 17 miles N. of Limburgh, 22 NE. of Liege, and 40 VV. of Coiogn. Lat. 50. 48. N, Ion. 6.3. E. Aka, or Ricke, a river of Lancafliire. Akalzxiia, a town and callleof Geor- gia, in Afiatic Turkey. Lat. 41. 55. N. Ion. 44. 55. E. Akeha?>h with it's Grange, near Yoik. Aktiington, Northumb. between Morpeth and the coaft. Akely, Buckl'. Aken, Not- tingh. Akenkam, SutY. near Ipfwich. Akerman, or BlELGORU, an old town of European Turkey, at tlie tlHux of tlie Dneifler into the Black Sea. Akston, Yorkf. near Pontefraft. Akim, a town on the gold coaft. Akissat, a town ot Natolia, in Afintic Turkey, feated in a fertile plain, 17 miles over, producing corn and cotton. It has about 5000 inhabitants, chiefly Maliome- tans,and Is watered by the river Hermus. Lat. 38. 48. N. Ion. 28, 30. E. Akley, Notting. near Bawtrce. Akrhig Nottingliamlhire, near Sherwood f ortft. ALA Ala9A, a fertile diftrift of Bifcay. It produces pood wine and fruits, and has fine iron mines. Alabanda, a decayed town of Caria, in Afiatic Turkey. In the Roman divi- fion of tiie country, this city was made the head of a jurifdiflion, and the juilicial conventus was held in it; there (till re- main fome magnificent ruins of it's former fplendor. Alacarnes, iflands on the coaft of Mexico, fo called from the number of kor- pions found there. Aladulia, a province of Natolia; Alafoens, a diftrift of Beira. Alagoa, a town of St. Michael, one of tlie Azores Illands. Alagon, a fmall town of Arragon. Alains, or Alans, a barbarous peo« pie from the North, who in tlie fourth and fifth Century, joining themlVlves to the Goths and Vandals, carried terror and defolation wherever they went, overlpread- ing a great part of the fouth ot Europe, and the north of France. Alajor, a diftriiSl of Minorca. Alais, a town in the dept. of Gard, near a beautiful plain or meadow at tiie foot of the Cevennes. It contains 10,003 inhabitants, and the annual export of ra^v filk from it, is i;20o,ooolbb. From the foot of one of the adjacirn!: mountains, iflues a hot medicinal fprlng, and manjr apertures in the rocks ihcw that mines liave been wrought here. It is 350 miles nearly S.cf Paris, and 37 N.otMontpeU lier. Lat. 44. 8. N. Ion. 4. 10. E. Alalcomenoe, an ancient city of Boeotia ; by this name alio Ulyffes called Ithaca. Alall^ Lane, near Orm.fkirk. Ala7i, or Camel, a river of Cornwall, which runs into St. George's Channel at Padftow. Alaney, Cumb. au agreeable water- ing place, m«ch leibrted to in the bathing fealbn. The inhabii ants are employed in the herring fifliery, and there is good an- choraiTc in the bay. It is about 20 miles N. orWhitehavcn and S\V. of Carlifle. Aland, or AlaNdt, a duller of Swe- difi) illands, at the entrance ot the Gulf of Bothnia, in the Baltic Sea. The principal ifland, which gives name to the reft, is about 40 miles long, and from 12 to 16 hroid. It contains 15 villages, 9000 in- habitants, and lies 75 miles NNE. of Stockholm. Alandra, a fmall town of Eftremu- dura, on the Tagus, 1 5 miles trcm Lilbun. AlaNDROAl, a lurall place in Alcn- tejo. Alanquar. See Alenquir. AlanT.v, a fmall city of Wallachia. Alan- ALB ALAPArwsHoi Sawod, aniron-foi(je ki thf C ithai iiibnrj^ divilion ol SiWeriri. Alarcon, n town of Nfw C ilUle. Ijit. -^t). 40. N. Ion. 1. 4. W. Alatamaha, jjroDoiinccii Ottnma- haw, or the livrr St. Gvoiu'i', a brge ri- ver of N. Amciica, rifingin rlic Allegany moiinriins, anil ililcliargiiiiT iH'-'ll into the Atlantic, rowaids tlu S. of CKorgia, about 60 mile? SW. of the rivcr Suvannaii. Alatki, or Alatho, a town on a hill in the Cmiipi^iia di Roma, 40 miles SE. of Rome. Alatvr, Alatyrskoi, a diitricl aikfl t-jwn ol Ctlan in Ahatic Riiiria. Al.AVA. See AlaBA. Alauta, a river of European Turkey, Alba, a fmall town of Montierrat, in Italy, pleafantlv (iiuartd on the river Ta- naro, zo milts SE. of Turin. Under the Romans, it was a piincipal city of Li- guria. Lat. 44. 46. N. Ion. 8. 20. E. Alba Julia, a di(lri6l and confidera- bie town, with an univerlity, of Tranlyl- vania. j45a, Pembrokef. Albmbmy, Yoikf. Aba, and AUixtcn, Leicef. Albania, or Arnaut Laros, a province of Euiojiean Tuikev, compre- hending Eplrus, and a Imall p:irt of the an- cient lllyiicum. ft produces flax, cotton, wax, honey, excellent wine, and falt,\vhich is dug out of the mountains. The inhabi- rants make tapelhy, which they export with their other commodities} they are very ingenious in conlfruftmg aqueducts, and ascertaining heights and di'fances, without the nle uf mathematical inftru- ments. Lat. from 38. 20. to 43. 30 N. Jon. from iS. 49. to 21. 50. E, Albania, a region of Alia, on the E. of t!)e Calpian Se;i. A lb A NO, a town on a lake of the fame name, in the Campa^na di Roma, cele- brated by Horace for it's excellent wine, a virtue which the li:iil has not yet lolt. I^ is - 5 miles nearly S. of Rome, and much reforted to in the lummer months. Lat. 41. 43. N. Ion. 12. 50. E. ALBANO,atownofBarilicata,inNaples. Albanopolis, a town of Albania, forn.eiiy the c;ii>i',;\i. * Alb AN" s, St. a town of Hertford- fli";re, which ar. I'c from the ruins of the ancient Verulam. It is I'eated on the river Coin, 21 miles N. by W. of London. Markets on VVednefday and Saturday. Al'mn"!, St. Do.T. on the coaft, S. of Ssvannagc-B-iy, a noted fea-mark. Albans St. Kent, ntar Canterbury. Albany, a river, and an EngUni for- trcfs, on the SW. of Jamcs's-Bay, Hud- fgn's Biy. Lut, 5*, 20. N. Ign.Si'.zo.W. ALB At.baky, a city and county In the State of New York, fiiuattd on the W. fide of Hudfon'i River. The former contained, a few years ago, 600 houl'es, and 4000 inhabitants, many of whom arc the de- ictndanfs of the firlf colonilL, the Dutch ; but, advent mers from various parts are daily flocking here, by tlie advantag'.s for trade, which the place affords, it being fituited on one ot the fineft rivers in the world, and the ftore-houfe of the trade to and from Canada and the Lake?. It is 160 miles N. of the city of Niw York. Lat. 42. 36. N. Ion. 73.20. W. Albany, or Braedalbane, a dif- trift of Scotlatid, in the fiiire ot Htrih. ALBARGARiA,a pjortown ut Alentcjo, Albargaria de Panela, a diftriti of Portugal, in the province Entre Minbo e Douro, Alearracin, or Alearraxin, atv ancient and ftrong city of Arragon, in Spain, which contains about 5000 inha- bitants. It is feated on a craggy hill, by the G'uadalaviar, ico miles E. of Madrid. It's wool is tlie fintft in Arra£;on. Lat. 40. 30. N. Ion. I. 16. W. Aleazete, a fmall town of New Caf. tile. Albazin, a town of Gre:it Tartary, on the road from Mofcow to Ptkin. Lat. 54. o. N. Ion. 103. 30. E. Aleegne, a liualL town in the dept. of Lot. Albemarle, or Aumale, a town in the dept. of Lower Seine ; they manufac- ture lerges here, and other ftuffs. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, 35 miics NE. by N. of Rouen, and 70 NNVV. of Paris. Lat. 49. 50. N. Ion. 1. 30. E. Albemarle, a county of Virginia. Albemarle Socnd, in N.Carolina, an inlet of the fea, at the mouths of the rivers Roanoke, Meherrin, Nottaway, &c. Alben, a mountain of Carniola. Albenga, a fmall city on the coaft of Genoa,, and a little ifland or unfliapen rock in the fea,oppofite thereto, called lilota d' Albenga. The town is furrounJtd with olive-trees, b Of the air Is unwhole- Ibme. It is a fea-port, 37 miles SW. of Genoa. Lat. 44. 10. N. Ion. 8.50. E. Alberbury, or Aberbury, Shrep:". near the Severn, between Salop and Wciihpool. Al- berton, Suffex, near Bramber. Alberton, Somerfetf. 3 miles from Axbridge. Alei, a town of Abruzzo, in Naples. Albins, Eflex. near Witham. Albion, the ancient name of Britain, from the Latin, album, white, on account of the chalky cliffs on it's fea-cOafts, Albisola, a fmall town of Genoa, wlisfe tberc is a porcelain manufaftiue. A L C Al/5pLODUY,afmalltownof Graflada, ALBONA,afniailtownofIllna, Venice. Ai.BORAN. S?e Aboram. Alborn, SuHl-x, near Brainber. AU-orn, Wiltl'. neai- Mrirlburoiigli. All trough, Noif. near Reppls and Erpingharn. Al- brigkton, near StafForci. AU'righton, Siiiopf. near Salop. ALBUOUERquE, a town of Sn^nifti Eftremadura. It ftands on an enmscncCj and carries on a conliderable trade in wool and wocllen cloth. Lat, 39. zr. N. Ion. 7. 3. W. Alburg, or Aleourg. S;e Aal- BURG. Alkirgh, Yorkf. E. Riding, near the fca, S. of Ji^pleton. Aiburgh, or Aihevghe, Nortollc, near Bungay. Al'mrn, Ef- IL-x, W, of Southminlter. Alburj, or Al- dirburj, Surry, 5 miles from Guildford ; the rivtr Wye runs through k. Alburj, Hertf. near Putmore-Heath, Alburj, Glouc. near Wickwar. Albyl Norh 4. miles front Aleftiam. Aley, an ancient town in tiie dept. of Tarn. Th^rreare very beautiful widics in the environs of the town, and the adjacent country is very fertile, producing the va- rious kiniis cf giain, excellent wines, flax, lienip, Ir.fiVon, anifeed, cori:xnder, and woad ; the fine paltures afford wool of a good quaiity, which is manufactured into llockings, r:ttteens, flialloons, coarie wool- lens, &c. and the wax-cantMes made here are much eiietmcd. This town is 4.2 miles NE.of Touloule-janJ 335 S-of Paris. Lat. 44. 15. N. Ion. 2. 14. E. The Alhi. gcnfes, fo Called from their making their lirit appearance in this city, were a peo- ple who, fo early as the nth century, dif- puted the authority of the pope; for this they were excommunicated: and ftveral very cruel pcrfecutions were railed againft them by means of crufades.. Alcacar, a palace on one fide of To- ledo, in New Caltile. It ftands on the top of a Itcep rock, and commands a pro- lpe(fl of the city, and of the river Tagus, running at it's foot through the neigh- bouring fields. Alcacere, or Alcazar do Sal, a town of Portuguefe Eftremadura, called alfo Salagia by the Romans, en account of the lait produced here. The country aroimd it, from its barrennefs, produces little elf'e but ruflies ; thefe are carried to Lifbon, and worked into fine mats. Lat. 38. 22. N. Ion. 8. 17. W. Alcacova, a citadel of Santaren. Alcala-de-Guadaira, a town of Seville. Alcala-de-los-Gazules, an old town of Seville, fituated on «i mountain. A L C Alcala de Henarez, a tovim of Nevf Caftile, anciently called Complutuin, having been a confidtrable Roman colony. It is pleaiiintly fituated on the banks of the ilfnanz, over which there is 3 ftately bridge. The univerfity is a handlbnie buildins;, it was re-eftablilhed, in 1494, by the Cardinal Fraticis Ximenes, at whole charges, and under whofe direction the firft Polyglot Bible was printed here. It is 15 miles ENE. of Madrid. Lat. 40. s6. N. Ion. 3.6. VV. Alcala de Real, a town in Anda- lii.Ga, in a mountainous country, which yet produci.'S excellent fruits and wine, ft isfeatednearthenvcrGuad?lqniver;6miles N.of Seville. Lat. 37. 38. N. lon.'s'.az.W. Alcamer. See Alcmaer. Alcaj.io, 3 town "of Sicily. ■ AlcaNEDE, a town of Portuguefe Ef- trcmadura. Lat. 39, o. N. Ion. 6.o.W. Alcani, or ALCA.\',a town In Egypt, on the wettern branch of the Nile, 30 rniie* NNW. of Grand Cairo. AiiCANiz, or Alca.sitz, a town of Arragon. Alca>intngs, Wiltf. near the Devizes. Alcantara, a to\'.n of Spanifh Eftre- madura. It has a magnificent bridge ever. the Tajo, built by the emperor Trajan. It is 42 miles N. by VV. ol Seville, Lat, 39. 20. N. Ion. 6. 7. W. Alcantara, in Andalufia, ilands on an eminence 5 adjoining which there is a morafs, over which the Romans built a bridge with a tower at each end. Alcaraz, or Alcarez, a city of Niw Caftile } has a remarkably ancient aqueduft. It is fituated near the foin-ce of the Guadalquiver, 135 miles SSE. of Madrid. Lat, 38. 51. N. Ion. 2, 25. W. Alcajlon, Shropf. near Mnnflow. Alcatrases, an ifland in the Pacific Ocean, 21 leagues nearly S. from Aca- pulco. Lat, 15. 50. N. Ion. J02.30.W. ALCAUDETE,airnalltownof Andalufia, 18 miles W. of Jaen. Alcazar, a town of Nevy Caftile. Alcazar-do Sal. See Alcacere. Alcazar-Quiver, a rich and popu- lous town of Fez. Alcazar-Leguer, a town of Fcz^ on the coaft of the Straits of Gibraltar. Alcazzava, a caftle of Malaga. Alcester. See Auj-cester. Alchefer, Oxfordf. a little to the SW. of Bicefter. Alchnrch, WorcefterHiire. Alcino, Mt. a fmall town of Tuf- cany, fituated on a mountain. In this neighbourhood is produced the moft ex- quifite wine in Italy, called Mufcatellodi Moot Alcino } but the inhabitants are not 1 >ilow:. It produces tigs, almonds, dates, olives, and excellent wines, and has a profitable firtiery, Algeri, or Algher, a populous city on the N\V. coaft of Sai'dinia. Lat. 40. 40. N. Ion. 8. 40. E. -Algezir.'v, a lea port of Andalufia, on the Straits of Gibraltar, from which town it is 10 miles NW. by W. Lat. 36. 14. N. Ion. 5. 22. W. Algezur, a imali town in Algarva. It's old cattle is borne in the royal arms of Portugal. Algiate, a little town in the Milanefe. Algibarotta, or AljubarotTa, a linall town of Portuguefe Eltremadura. Lat. 39. 30. N. Ion. S. 40. W. Algiers, a country of Africa, ex- tending 600 miles from E. to W. along the Barbary co«ft, has Mt. Atlas on the S. Tunis on tiie E. and Morocco on the W. The Turks, who are not above 7000 in number, have ihe government in their hands, and the Moors or natives have no Jhare in it. It is a kind of republic un- der the proteflion of the grand iignior, and is governed by a fovereign, or dey, wlio A L H who feldom undertakes any thing of im- portance without the council of the Jani- zaries. The Arabs, who live in tents, are a diftinci: people, govtrned by their own laws, though the Turks intertere when they think fit. The dey is abiblute in I'oine refpefts, although he is elefled by the Turki/h foldiers, and frequently de- pofed and put to death by them. The revenues of the government arile from the tribute paid by the Moors and Arabs ; and the prizes they take, or the piracies they commit at fea, Ibmetimes equal tlie taxes they lay upon the natives. The items of the vines here are fo large, that a man can hardly grafp them with his arms, and the bunches of grapes are a foot and a half long. The natives are ftrong and of a tawny complexion ; their reli- gion is Mahometanifm, and their language a dialeft of the Arabic: they alfo ufe that jargon, compofcd of the French, Italian, and Spanifh languages, called Lingua- Franca, which prevails along the fbores of the Mediterranean. Algiers, a large town of Barbary, and capital of the country of Algiers. It is built on the declivity of a hill, and is of the form of an amphitheatre next the harbour, fo that the houfes, appearing one above another, make a very fine appear- ance from the fea. The tops of the houfes are all flat, and the people walk on them in the evenings to take the air : they are alfo covered with earth, and are uled as gardens. The ftreets are very narrow ; the adjoiningcountry, however, is adorned with gardens and fine villas, watered with foun- tains. The mole of the harbour is 500 paces in length, extending from the main land to a fmall ifland. The number of inhabitants is faid to confift of 100,000 Mahometans, 15,000 Jews, and 4000 Chriftian flaves. Algiers is fituated op- pofite Minorca, 3S0 miles W. of Tunis. Lat. 36. 49. N. Ion. 2. 18. E. Algodres, a fmall town of Belra. Algonquins, a tribe of Indians in Canada, near Lake Ontario. Algoso, a fmall town of Tralos- montes. Lat. 41. 50. N. Ion. 7. 10. W. Alh ALLOW, a Imall ifland in the Ork- neys, noted for a good fi flier y. Alham, Lancafliire, near Blackburn. Alhama, a populous well-built town of Granada, and a village of Arragon. At both places there are medicinal baths. Alhambra, a town and river of Ar- ragon. Alhampon, Som. near Shepton Mallet. Alhandra, a town in Portuguefe, Alhanga, a town in Spaaifli, Eftie- madura. ALL ALiBALtrc, anilje in the Cafpian Sea. Alicant, a fmall rich city of Valen- cia in Spain, well known for it's fine wines, fruits, &c. It has a good har- bour, and an extcnfive trade. The Eng- lifli, Dutch, Italians, &c. have confuls here. It is fcaied on the Mediterranean, on a bay of the fame name, 75 miles S. of Valencia. Lat. 38.24. N. Ion. 0.0. Alicata, the Leocata of the ancients, a town of Sicily, remaikable for corn and good wine, Lat. 37. 14. N. Ion. 14. 16. E. Alifi, a town of Naples. Lat. 41. 20. N. Ion. 14. 20. E. Alinda, or Halynda, a town of Ca- rla, in Afiatic Turkey, fald by Pliny to have been built by the Alindienfes. Alikgrahs, or Alingsahs, an in- land town of W. Gothland in Sweden, where there are filk, woollen, tobacco, and pipe manufa6lories, Lat. 57. 40. N. Ion. 13. 20. E. Alingto7i, Northum. near Warkworth. Aljustrel, a town of Alentejo. Alkalzike, a town of Afiatic Ruffia. Alker, Lancafliire, near Altmouth. AlkeringtoJi, Oxfordfliire, near Banbury, AtkeJIiam, or Alkham, Kent, near Do- ver. Alhham, Glouceflerfliire, near Berke- ley. Alkington-, Gioucelterf. near Stroud. Alkley, Nott. near Workfop. Alkmantont Derbyf. near Workfop. Alkmere, near Shrewfbury. Alkmonbury, H-.mtf. near Leighton-ftone. Alkrington, Lane, near Manchefter. Alkynton, Shropf. near Wem. Alla, a well-built town in Auftria. Allagon, or Alagon, a fmall town of Arragon, in Spain, 4 leagues from Sa- rogoflla. Allahabad, a province and city of Hindooft an. The latter is fcated at the confluence of the Ganges and Jumna, and is 470 miles NW. of Calcutta. Lat. 25, 45. N. Ion. 82. o. E. Allan, St. Cornwall, near Truro. AU lanton, Northumb. near Rothbury. All as, a town on, and a ftrait between, thelfle of Lambock, and Comba va in the E. Indies. Lat. 10. 20. N. Ion. 86. 14. E. Allchurcht Warwick f. 5 miles from Bromfgrove, on the road to Leicefter; it was much more extenfive formerly. Alla, or Alle, a river of Pruflia. Allegany, or Appalachian Mountains, a chain, or range of mountains, in N. America, which extend north-eafterly and fouth-wefterly nearly parallel with the coaft of the fouthern ftates, through which they run. They occupy a fpace of about 900 miles in length, and from 60 to 200 in breadth, eaft- ward of the MifllfTippi and the five lakes. The different ridges which compoie this. C z imnienfc ALL iminenre range have ilifTcrfnt names \ndif-i feient (tatcs, n« tijc Kiuntiiny, tlit Blue, tlie North, and South Muuntaiiis. They aic nor ccnfuicilly fcatteini and broken, rifing here and tiiere into higli ptaks over- ti)j)|nng each other, but Itittch along in uniform ridges, fcarcely half a mile high, Ifireading towards the ibuth. Some of tlicni terminate in high pirpendiciilar bluffs; others gracjually Juhfuic into a level coun- try, giving rile to the rivers wliich run louthcrly into the Gulf of Mexico. In the back pans of Pennfylvania, fcarce one acre in t^n of this range is capable of cul- ture J in other parts, extenfive trails of fine arable and palhire-land intei vsne be- tween the ridges, having generally a rich black foil, and Tome of the mountains will admit of cultivation Almoft to their tops. Allegany, a river of N. America, which riles in the Allegany mountains, in lat. 4i. o. R At Fort Venango, at I he mouth of French Creek, it is 200 yards wide, and navigable tor light batteaux. At Pittlburg it joins the Monongahela, and is then called Oh-o. See OiMG. Allegranza, one of the Canaries. Allef!, a river in Dorfetfhire, which runs into the Stour, near Blandford. Al- len, a fmall river of Flintfhire, which links under ground near Mold, and difap- pears for a fliort fpace. Allen, a linail village in co. of Kiidare, prov. Leinfter. J lie of Allen, apparently an F.nglilh name, feems to be only a cor- ruption of the Irifli Hy-al-Unn, i. e. the tliltriil of the great pi un country. In this tliltrift (in Kiidare, as above,) ftands the Hill of Allen, tiie Mount Cromia of the ancient bards. The bog of Allen, an im- nienle trail of turf-bog, or peat-mofs, the largell in the kingdom, nms through part of the counties of Dublin, Carlovv, Kil- tlare, Kilkenny, and Meath. A great part ot it has of late years been reclaimed by burning, anil, the fowing of rape-leed. Allenburg, or Allerburg, a narrow and dark little town of Tapiau, in PrufTia, commodio'.if.y fituated on the ri- ver Alle. Lat. 55. 30. N. Ion. 21. 49.E. ALLEN-CAiTLE, in Bi unfwick-Lu- renliurg. Allendorf, a fmall town of HefTe- Caflll, where fait works are carried on. It is fcated on the Wefer, 15 miles E. oF Callcl. Lat. 51. 19. N Ion. 9. 59. E. Allenfmore, 2 uiiles from Hereford. Alllr, a river of Germany. It has It's Iburce in Magdeburg, runs NW. through Lunenburg, and, pafTnbx l,y Zell, falls into the VVelVr below VLixlvin. Allercar, near Deiby. Mit\ml^,CoTUv/. ALL rear Strarton. AlUrford, Somerf. near Caihamplon. Ai.LTRiA, a decayed town In Corfica. Allerstefv, a fmall town of PrufTia. Alltrthorp, Yoikf. in the parifh of Wakefield. Alltrtlorp, Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, near Thirlk. Allerton, Nott. in the parifh of Edinllow. AUerton-Chapcl, Al- lerton Gl€ilhon.v, Allerton-Graii^e, Aller- ton-Moor, hamlets of Leeds, in Yorkfhire. Atlerton Mtiule-vrer, Yorkf. near Knarel- borough. Allerton, Lane, near W. Derby. Allertan, Shropl. near Wem. Allcrton, Symerf. 3 miles from Axbridge. Allerton^ Yorkf. VV. Riding, 3 miles from Brad- ford. y^/Vr/oxy;/, Northumb. 8 miles SW. of Hexham. Alleflry, Derby f. near W. Derby. Altholloivs, Kent, 7 miles fron> Gravefend. Allhalloivs, Cumb. on the ri- ver Elne, between Cockermouth and Wig- ton. Allkallo~jJS, Line, near Waynfleet. Allesani, a town of Corfica. Allies, a department of France, fo called from a river which flows byMou- lins, and falls into the Loire above Orleans.. Allinglon, Dorfetf. from whence a bridge leads over the Siinondbury, which here joins the river Bret, to Bridport. Allington'-Castle, Kent, near the Medway, called, by the Saxons, the caftU of Medway. Market on Tuef. AlVingWif Wiltfhire, near Devizes. AlVuigion E. and If''. Devonf. near Kingf- bridge. AUbigion, Line, near Grantham. AliJigton, Suff. near Hoxon. Allington- Cohham, Kent, near Mailing. Allington, Wiltf. NF.. of BKhop's- Cannings. Al- hngton, Wiltf. between Bofcomb and New- ton-Tony. Allington, Hampf. near Bufh- Waltham. Allington, Suffolk, near Eye» Allifan, or Aliiredfin, Glouc. a hamlet of Lydney. AUiJlony Suffex, near Pevenley. Alloa, a town on the N. lide of the Frith of Forth, in the fhire of Ciickman- nan. It confifts ef one fpacious ftrett, well paved and Ihaded with rows of lime- trees. It has a commodious harbour, and an excellent dry dock. It's great export is coak, and there is alio a glafs-houle, with fome other manufaftories. The calUc of Alloa is beautifully fituated, and was, heretofore, the refidence of the earls of Mar. It is about 5 miles E. from Stir- ling, and 30 NW. from Edinburgh. Lat, 56. 10. N. Ion. 3.45. W. Allobroges, ananc. people of Gsul, ^//o.'r-//i?,v/^,Hampf.nearChri if -church. AUon, Norchumb. near Btltingham. Al- lonhj, Cumberland, in the parifh of Ab- bey-Holme. Allofiock, Chefliire, neat Northwich. Allo^.v-EiJJi, a river of Dur- ham, which runs intg the Tyne. Alto-iv- A L M SP'eJf, a river of Norilmmbi which runs into the Tyne. Jll-Saiiits,K.ent, n.-rar Can- terbury. All-Saints. SiifF. near Bungay. All-Saints Bav, oneot'the nioitrich and fertile captainfhips in all Bralif, pio- -ducingabundanceot'cotton, and v;dt C|Uan- titics of fugar. It has feveral cities and towns, of which St. Salvador is the capi- tal. Lat. 12. 3.S. Ion. ^40. 10. W. Almacarron, or AlmazaPvON, a fea-port of Murcia, where great quanti- ties of alum-are made. Lat. 37. z8. N. Jon. I. 20. W. Almacta, a traft in Old CalHIe. Almada. See Almeda. Almaden, in La Mancha. New Caf- tile. Near it are mines of quickfdver. Almagra, or Ai-MAGUER, a town ■of Popayan, in Teria Firma, S. America, Al MACRO, a town of New Caftile. Ahnandt or Atnan, a river of Athol,' a brancii of the Tay. It has a cafcade near 30 yards high, clofe by which two rocks meet over the river fo as to form a natural bridge. Abnanington, Suflex, near Chichefter. ALMANZA,a town of Muicia, 50 milts SW. of Valencia, and 50 NW.'of Ali- cant. Lat. 38. 54. N. Ion. I. 56. W. Alrnar, co. Limerick, prov. Munfter. Almarez, in Spanilh Eftremadura. Alniure-Hall, Clief. near Malpas. Ai.marstak, in Upland, Sweden. Almas, in the Bannat of Temelwar. Almazan, a town in Old Callile. Almeda, a townof Portuguele Eftre- madura, feated on the Tajo, oppcfirc to Lifbon. Lat. 38, 39. N. Ion. 9. 4. W. A l MEDINA, a decayed town of Mo- rocco, on the edge of Mount Atlas. It's ruins are confiderable, and the adjacent ■country is very fertile. Almeida, in Tra-lo«-montes ; Al- meida, in Beira ; both towns of Portu- gal. Almeloo, a fmall town in OverllTel. Almenara, a town of Valencia. Almendvalaio, inispanifli Eltrema- dura. Ahner, Dorfetf. near Whitchurch. Almeria, a leaport of Spain in Gra- nada, I'eated on tlie river Almeria, in tiie Mediterranean, 62 miles SE. of Granada. Lat. 36.51. N. Ion. 2.20. W. Almeria, a fea-port of Mexico. Lat. %Q. 18. N. Ion. 97. 30. W. Almerley, or Alniejlree, Herefordf. near Weobly. Almerfu'orthjfSom.n'iiUi Dunfter. Almipigon, a lake of Canada. /?/OTZj/bn/,Som.ahamletofCa(tle-Carey. Almissa, a fmall town in Venetian Dalmatia, at the mouth of the Cctina. It A L O ftands between too high mountains on a ftecp rock, 16 miles nearly E. of Spalatro. Lat. 44. 4. N. Ion. 17.45. E. ' Almijler, Somerletfhire. Almo, a little rivulet, which falls- into rile Tiber at Rome- Almodavar, a fmall town of Alen- tejo; Almodavar- del-Campo, in NewCaitilej and Almodavar, in Ar- ragon. Almond, a river in Perthfbire. Almondburj, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Huthersfield. AlmonJ/hiirj, Glouceltcrf. near Berkeley. Almonte, a town of Andalufia ; and a river of Spanilh Eftremadura. AlfTiQS-cliff, Yorkf. near Ripley. Almouchiquois, a tribe in Canada- ArMUDEVER,and Almugna, fertile and pleafant places in Arragon. Almunecar, a city and pert of Gra- nada, feated on the Mediterranean, 30 miles SSE. of Alhama. Lat. 36. 30. N. Ion. 3. 45. W, Alne, a river in Cumb. which runs into the Tyne below Kirk-Haugh } another in Northumb. which runs into the German Ocean at Ayhnouth; and a third ii>War- wickftire, which runs into the Arrow at Round-Alne. Alne, Cumb. near Kirk-Ofwald. Aln£t near York. Mne, Magna and Fo.wat Warw. near Henley. Alneh-am, North- umb. Aliieniouth, Northumb. a Imail fea- port at the mouth of the Alne, vi'here hones of a gigantic fize have been dug up, AlnejJon, Oxfordftiire, near Witney. * Aln FWiCK. or A LNVv'iCK., the county town of Northumberland, 306 miles from London, on the road to Berwick, Ironi which it is diftant 26 miles, and from Ncwcaftle 30 ; is leated on the little river Alne, and is populous and well-built. ]t has 3 gates, and was formerly Jnr- j'ounded W\i[\ a wall. Here is an old itateiy G ;thic caftle, the feat of the Duke of Norihumbcrl-md, which has lately been rtoaired and i)eautificd. Muk. on Sat. Alney, a little illand near the ciiy of Glouci llei', famous for the hngie combat fought on it, between Edmund Ironfide and Knute the Dane, for the whole king- dom, in fight ot both their armies, in which the latter being woimded, he pro- poled an agreement 5 accoidingly the king- dom was divided between them ; the S, p irt falling to Edmund, the N. to Knute. y?////'i?w, or TTrriev'//, Northumb. 13 miles from AInewick, on the road to Scotland. Alost, or Aelst, a traft and a city of Fb.nders, on the river Dender, 15 miles NW. of BrufllU, and 15 SE. of Ghent. C 3 Ai-ov£Mr, A L P AlOvent, a VLiy liifrh mountain of Pciila, ;i part of Mount Taurus. Af.PiiAi.HAO, a Imall lown of ^\.lentejo. A'.pcrton or Apperton, Micldkfcx, in the road from London to Harrow on the Hill. Alphamjlon, EfTtx, near Henninph-im. Al- f'hcton, Surt". near Sudbury. Alphington, Devonf. z niilis from Exeter. Alpiiigton, Norf. near Loddon. Alport, Dcrbyf. in the High Peak. Atpram, Chcfli. near Jidinjury. Alpidrinha, a fmall town of Beira, Alpedkiz, in Portuguel'eEltremadura. Alphen, a town neai Lcyden, in Hol- land. Alpheus, a famous river of Arcadia, now Orphea, a river of the Morea. Alps, the highelt mountains in Europe, being about 2 units in perpendicular heigi)t. rlividing Italy from France,Svvi(rerland, and Oermany. They have (cveral names. The Maritime Alps extend from Vado as far as the fource of the river of the fame name, or even the Po ; the Cottian Alps, fiom tile fource ot the Vado to the city of Sufa ; the Grecian Alps, from the city of Sufa to the mountain of St. Biirnard, the Pen- nian Alps, Mount S'. Bernard, to Mount • St. Gothard ; by the latter are bounded the Rheiian Alps, which extend to the fource of the river Piavc -. and, laltly, the Norician,orC:unician Alps, extend them- fclvcs tromthePiaveasfaras Ilhia,anci the fource of the Sau or Saave. The Alps have but few pafTcs, and thofe difficult of accefs ; Hannibal, the Carthaginian gene- ral, attempting thofe on the fv.ic of Pied- rnont, when he Invaded Italy, loll moft of his elephants ; he accomplifhed his purpofe, Jiowevfr, by n.aking his way wirli acets; not with vinegar (as it has b.-en crroneouf- ly tranfiated) fordiflolving the fnow, but with h:itchets for cutting it away. The prolpeit horn many parts of this enormous range of mountains is extremely romantic. One of the mod celebrated is the Grande Ciiartieule, where a monailery was found- ed in 1084. From Echelles, a little vil- lage in the mountains of the department of Mont Blanc, to the top of the Chartreufe, the diftance is lix miles. Along this courfe the road runs winding up, for the rnoll part not fix feet broad. "On one hand is the lock, with woods of pine- trees hano-- ing overhead, and on tht other a prodi- gious precipice, al.uuft ptrpendicuiar, at the bottom of which rolls a derp torrent. On the top of the mountain Is the convent. The Glaciers of the Alps are immenfe lualTcs of ice, lodged upon the gentler de- clivities of the nv.uu ains, and exhibiting- tiic moft grotefque and fantaltic leprclenta^ A r. s tiona. From the valley of Chamouni there is a view of a vaft chain of muuntains inacceifible, and covered wirh ice, and of Mount Blanc rbove the rc(t, whofe top feems to reach an, Deibyf. near Wirkfworth. Also- ALT Also-sajo, Also-sdany, places in Hungary; in the former, great quantities of ciiinabnr are dug J in the latter, there is a mineral ipring. Alston-Moor, a town In Cumber- land, ieated on a hill, at the bottom of %vi)ich runs the Tyne, with a lione bridge over it ; and near it, aie lead-mines. It is 3o miles E. by S. of CarliOe, and 303 NNW. of London. Lat. 54. 50. N. Ion. 2. 14. W. Market on Saturday. Aljicti, Glouc- near Cheltenham. Aljion, Lane, near Kirkliam. Alflou, near Shrewf- bury. AljloH, Worcei^ in Tcdington. Jljion- Marys, Somerf. near Mere Pool. Aljiretton, Shropl'. near Church-Stretton. Alkv£g, an ifle near Sky, Scotland. ALsuNGEN,a lake of Kalland, Sweden. Alpwick, Hcrti. near Mcafiien. Alsza, a I'mall place of the Tartar dlf- .trlfls, in European Turkey, between the -Nieperand the Don; and a nver of Bavaria. Alt, Altwa. SeeALAUTA. Alt, a river of Lancartiire, wliich runs into the Irifli Channel, at Alrmouth. Altaisch, a tradl: of mountains, in Siberia. Altala, adiftri6l of Corfica. Altamira, a town of Gallicia, Spain. Altamont, and Altamura, towns of Naples, Altdorf, a town of Hungary. Alte A,a fea-port of Valencia, in Spain. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 41 miles SE. of Valencia, and no 8. by E. of Ma- drid. Lat. 38. 40. N. Ion. o. 15. E. Alten, a diilriiS and gulf of Norway. Altena, or Altona, a fea-port of Holftein, near Hamburg, The mcichan- dife brought irom Afia, by the Dani(h Eaft-India Company, is fold here. Lat, 53.37.N. ion. 9. 52. E, Altenburg, towns of Upper Saxony, of Tranfylvania, of Lower Hungary, and of Holftein. Alter'innis, Heref. on tlie borders of Monniouthfliire, nearly encompafH-d in the windings of the river Munnow. Altemon, Cornw. 4 miles from Pickering. Altesson, a town of Piedmont. Altezey, Alzey, or Altzheim, a territory, town, and caftle in the L. Pa- latinate. Althome, Lane, near Blackburn. Al- thorne, Eflex, near Southminller. Althorp, 4 miles from Nortliamptoii, Althorp, Line, near Alford, Althorp, Norf. near Fakenham. Althorp, Northamp. pear Xowcefter. Althuus, in Polifli PrufTia. ALTiN,a lake and mountain in Siberia. Altkirch, a town in the dept. of the U^ipcr Khine, on the river lile, 4.5 miles A L V SSW. of Strafbiug. Lat, 47. 8, N. Ion. 7. 20. E. Altlakd, a diftri6V of Tranfylvania. Altmore, in Tyrone, Ullter. Altmoiith, Lane. N. of Liverpool, Altmull, a river of Germany, whicli has it's fource in Franconia, and falls into the Danube, at K-.lheim, 12 miles above Ratiibon. *Altcn. a town in Hampfliire, feated on the river Wye. It conliits of about 250 houies, chiefly laid out in one pretty broad ftrect, and has a large market of cattle and provifions. There are fome manufaftures carried on here ; as plain and figured baragons, ribbed druggets, an'i fcrge de Nifmes ; and round the town there are woods and plantations of hops. It is 28 miles ENE. from Southampton, on the road (to London, from which it is 50 miles WSW. Market on Saturday. Alton-Grange, Lcic. near Afliby-de-la- Zouch. Alton, Deibyf. near Chelterfield. Alton, Dorl'etf. near Whitchurch. Alton, Worcef. near Droitwich. Alton, Staff", 3 miles from Cheadle. Alton-Berns, Wiltf. near Marlborough. Alton-Dange- ous, Wiltf. in the parifh of Langford- Llttle. Alton- Hall, T><:xh.Y\tzr Keddlefton, Alton-Lodge, Staff, on the river Dove, and borders of Derbyfltire, Alton. N. and S. Wiltf. both 3 miles from Ambrefbury. Alton-Pancras, Dorfetf. between Cerne- Abbey and Middleton. Alton-Priory, Wiltf. near Marlborough- Downs. Altorf, a town of Franconia, with a fine univerfity, a library, and a phyfic- garden. Altorf, capital of the canton of UrI. Altorf, in Wirtemburg, Suabia. Altorf, is the name of many places in Germany, and of fome in Hungary. Altringham, or Altrincham, a town of Chefhire, on the Merfey, between Stockport and Warrington. It is 10 miles E. of Warrington, 24 from Chefter, aqd 180 NW. of London. Market on Tuef. Altrip, a village of Spires, Germany, Altsohl, a diltriiSl and town of Hun- gary. Altstadt, Altsted, and Alt- stetten, towns in Upper Saxony, Weft- phalia, and Swiflcrland. Alva-de ToRMEs, a town in Leon. Alva, Alvarenga, Alvaya- ZERE, and Alva co-de Serra, fmall towns in Beira. Alvallade, Alvito, fmall towns in Alentejo. Alvaro, Alvares, Alverca, and AlvorniNHA, fmall towns in Portu- gxiele Eilremadura. Al'veley, Efc, between Dsgcr.ham and C 4 Tilbury- A M A Ti!lniry-Foi-t. Alvrley, near VVorcerter. /•i'velrw Salop. Ali'erdif'.ut, Devonf. Ai.VKRXO, a mountain ot Tulcany. Jlivrrjiock, and /Hi'tr/lo/i, Ha;r,ji!. l)otli near F.nc'u.im. Alverjloti, Wilif. near Warcloiir Ciftle. Alvcrlon, Noiting. near New.iik. Alnjffcot, Oxf. near Burf'ord. Alvepon, near Derby. Al'vejhn, Waiw. near Stratford upon Avon. Al'vefon, Dbrfetf. i mUe NE. of Folkc. Alnjcjlon, CJ Tiic. near Thornhiiry, near the Severn. Alving, a caftle in Weidenburg. 'Alvi'i^ham, Line. nearLoiitli. Al'ving- lon, Gloiic. near Lidiiey, a Imall village, ^vith a chapel of eale to Woolafton, Aluta. See Alauta. AUijallon, Huntf. near Yaxley. Al- ivarJ'j, Cumb. in the parifh of Afpatrick. Ahvr/to;:, Nortliumb. Ahven, a river ot D.nbiglifhire, which runs into the D^e above Laiiger. Ahv'vigton, Devonf. on thecoalt ncarHartland-Point. Alvjoodky, called AlUngley. Yorlcf. W. Riding, near Orley. Alxvorth, Wiltf. near Bradford. Ahvye, or Ole- an inerclrints have their factors, and pur- chale fir.e chintz, calicoes, and other In- dian meichandile. It lies 120 miles N. of Surat, and 4.0 NE. of Cambaya. Lat. 23. 10. N. Ion. 72. 22. E. Amadan, or Hamadan, a confidci*- able town of Perlia, where the Jews arc p;etty numerous ; they flock here in pil- grimage, to vifit the tombs of Moicltcal and Either, which they allege to be here. Thefe tombs are in the place which fcrves them for a fynagogur. It is 85 mile/^W. of Ifpahan. Lat. 35. 15. K. Ion. 47. 4. E. Amadanagar, or Andanagar, a beautiful, 1 ich, and populous town in the Deccan, HmJooltan. It is 120 miles E. of Bombay. Lat. iS.io. N. Ion. 74. 15. E. Amadia, a town and fortrels of Cur- diftan, fituated on a high mountain. Amak, an iiland in the Sound, about 4 miles Iciig, and 2 broad. It contains 6 villages, is laid out in gardens and paf- tures,and iupplies Copenhagen with milk, butter, and vegetables. It is connected ■ with theciiy by bridges, one ot which is a mile and a half long, and hair a mile in breadth ; a part of the city called Clnift- ian/hafen Itanding on i*. Amal, a town of Sweden, in the pro- vince of Daiand, on tne Wcnner Lake. It has a good harbour, and carries on a con- iidcrable trade in riiriber, deals, and tar. Amalfi, an ancient town of Naples. Flavio Bembo, a na.ive of tlvis place, is iakl to have invented the mariner's compals, about the beginning ot the tourttenth cen- ■tury. It is .0 miles SW. of Salerno. A7nah-iey a village of Perthfliire. A.mana, a mountain of Cilicia, and •one of the Bahama Illands. Amand, St. a town in thedept. of the North. It is feated on the river Scarpe, 7 miles N. of Valenciennes. Lat. 50. 27. N, ion. 3. 35. E. Amand, St. a town in the depr. of Cher. It is feated on the river Cher, 20 miles S. of Bourges. Lat. 46. 45. N. Ion. 2. 30. E Amantea, a fea-port of Naples. Aw A N zi Ri F D I N , a city of Arabia Felix. AiMAPALLA, a city and port, and large bay, of Mexico. «Tiie former trades in cochineal, cocoa, hides, indigo, &c. Am A RA, a kingdom of Ahyirinia. Amaranth ,or Vi l l a d' A m ar a n t E, a town of Entre Douro e Minho, Poitu- gal. Here is a linen manufaiSture. Amaria, a cafUe of Candia lile. Amarin, A M A Amarin, or Damarin, « fmall to-.vn la the iJept. ot" the Upper Rhine. Amasxa, anciently Amassi, a city of Natolia, near the river Caialniack. It was the birth place of Strabo, the geographer, and anciently the Jeat oi the kings ot Cap- p.iciocia. Amafia is the reluienceof a ha- lliaw, and gives it's name to the province, where there are the bell: wines and fruits in Natolia. Lat. 40. 31. N. Ion. 36. o. E. Amastris, or Amastro, a lea-port of Anatolia, but it's two harbours have been long ago choked up with faud, and there now remains little of it's ancient iplendpr, except liame ruins. Amatha, a city on the Jordan, AMATiquA, a gulf in Honduras. Amato, a town and river of Naples. Amaya, a town of Leon. A M A z o N , or O R E L LA N A , a river o f S. Ameiica, which has it's iburce among the Andes, ill Peru, not far from the S. Sea, from whence running eaftward, it pours into the ocean, dircflly under the equinoc- tial line. This largell of all rivers is, at it's mouth, 150 miles broad, and 1500 miles from it's mouth, 30 or 40 fathoms deep. It runs at lead 3000 miles, forms during it's courfe many illrnds in itlLlf, receives near zoo other rivers, many of which have a courie of 500, or 600 leagues, ibme of them not inferior to the Danube, or tlie Nile; and, in pouring itlcif into the ocean, repels the waters of the fea, to the diftance of many leagues from the land. Amazons, a fuppofed race of warring women, in antiquity, living in Amaiia, on the banks of the Euxine, and maintaining themlelvcs as a nation of women, on th^ir own leparate territory, diltinilly from the men. Perhaps, in the ruder ages of anti- quity, companies of women following tiiclr hufbands to battle, and fometimcs fighting their enemies, may have given rile to llie romantic dcfcriptions of the Amazons, by the ancients ; as in later times, the Ama. zons of S. America feem to have had a fimilar origin, with the wonder-ltricken Spaniards. Amazonia, a country in S. America, bouiufed on the N. by Terra Firma and Guiana; on theE.by the Atlantic and Bia- zil ; on the S. by Paraguay and Peru; and on the W. by Peru. It was firit travcrled in 1580, by Francilco Orellana, wiio com- ing from Peru, failed down the great ri- ver, to the Atlantic Ocean. Obferving companies of women (or perhaps of men, for the Indians have a cuftom of plucking out the heard by the roots) in arms on it's banks, he calkd the country Amazonia^ A M B or the Land of the Amazons, and gave th» name of Amazon to tlie river, which had formerly been called Maragnon. Conda- niine,.w!io afterwards went intothofe parts, to meafure a degree on themerit'ian, could perceive no .uch appearance of hollile wo- men. The foil is very rich and teitile j the trees, fields, and plants, are verdant aft the year round. The rivers and Jakes are infeited with crocodiles, alligators, and ferpents. Their banks are inhabited by different tribes of IndiariS, governed by petty t'overeigns, diltinguilhed from their lubjefls, by coronets of beaviiiful feathers. The Spaniartls have made many attempts to fettle in this country; but diiHcuIties and dilafters have hitherto rendered their deiigns abortive. ^ On a part of the coift, between Cape North, and the moutii of the Amazon, the PortugueJe indeed have made fume feititments. A.mbamarjam, or A.mbara, the ca- pital of Abyflinia. Lat. 15. i a. N. Ion. 35- 14- E- Ambar, a river of Bavaria. Ambafion, Derhyf. on the Dcrwent, be- tween Derby and the Trent. Ambajhn, Shropf. near Newport. Amber, a liver in Denbighfliire. Amserg Mountain', in E.Gothland, a province of Sweden. Am BERG, a town of Bavaria, capital of the Upper Palatinate. It's chief trade arifes from it's iron-mines and manufac- tures. It is Ifrongly fortified, having a callle and armory. It is f'eated on the river Ills, 40 miles E. of Nurcinburg. Lat, 49. 30. N. Ion. 11. 17. E. Amherley, Suff. 4 miUs (rom Anindcl. Amberley, Heref. near Mirden. Amberley., near Manmouth. Ambej-JIiam, Hampl". near Petersfield. Ambert, a town in the dept. of Puy» de-Dome. It is (bated in a beautiful val- ley, on the river Ore. It carries en the paper manufafhife very exteniively, and has alio a trade in coarfe laces, camlets, ferrets. Sec. It is 21 miles E. of IlTiire, and 300 from Paris. Lat. 45. 25. N. Ion. 3. 50. E. Ambelly Northumberland, near Mor- peth. AMBJANCUTiVA,aking(!omand towa of Upper Ethiopia, on the Nile. Amriatinum, a town near Coblentz. AmbUcote, Stafford/hire, near Wolver- hampton. Am&ueside, a pretty little town in Wcltmorlaiid, lituated among lofty moun- tains, at the upper end of Winandermera lake, and near a remarkable waterfall.- Ix is 1 3 OJilcs NW". by N. of Kendal, and »7i A M E 571 NNW. of London. I.at 54. a8. N. Jon. 5. 6. W. Market on Weilnelclay. AMBLtTEUsr, a ((.-.ij) >rt, intliedept. of the Stiaits of CaUiis, France. It is 3 miles N. of Boulogne. Lat 50. 49. N. Ion. 1.41 . E. Am BOISE, a town in the dept. of Indre anvi Loire, I'eated near the confluence of the Loire and Maflle. It is 12 miles E. of Tours, I iS S. by W. of Paris. Lat. 47. 25. N. ion. o. 54. E. AMBOULE.a fertile valeofMadaga/car. Amboyna, the chief of the Mohicca Iflands, renuukable for the quantity of cloves and nutmegs it picduces. The na- tives wear large whifkers, and their drd's is only a piece of flight (luff, wrapped round their middle. Tlie Englifh and Diitcli had faSlories here, at tlie beginning of the fe- venteenth century; but the Dutch expelk-d the Engliih by force, and tortured and put to death many of them, pretending that they had entered into a coni'piracy with the Ciiinefe, againft them. Since that time, the Dutch liave poflcffed the entire domi- nion of the Spice Illands, and excluded the reft of the world Irom trading there. Lat. 4. o. S. Ion. \^■]. io. E. Ambracia, a village, once a city of Epirus ; the rcfidencc of king Pyrrhus. Ambras, Amras, orOMBRA,a town and fortrtls of Aultria, i miles SE. of Infpruck, which was, as its name ((hade) rather imports, a fummer retreat for the arch-dukes. The llauies, medals, trea- fures of gold, precious Hones and rarities, in the mufeum here, are imiDenfe, Tiiere is alfo the trunk of an oak, inclotlng the whole body of a deer, fuppofed to have pcrilhed in the I'now, and to have been co- vered with the mud and wreck of the trees, &c. vvafhed from the mount-ains by the thaw. The tree, thus depofittd, and taking root, incloled with it's roots the body of the animal, and, in it's further growtli, raifed tiie body xip with it. Here is alio a good library, and a gallery of bufts ami admirable painting?. *A.MBREsEURY,orA.M£S BURY, an an- cient town in Wiltfliire, on the Avon, con- fifting of two (treets, that intersect each other. It is 80 miks from London, and i from Siop.elienge. Market on Friday. Ambrose, a town ot Piedmont. Ambrym, one of the New Hebrides. Amby, a town of the Nethtilands, in Liniburg, on the E. fide of the Meufe, oppofite Matllricht. Lat, 50. 51. N. Ion. 5- +3- E. Amcotei, Lincolnfliire, on the Trent, 5 miles S. of Burton. Am£DAB.\D, SiC Am.aDABAT. ■ A M E AMEDNArruR, a city of Hindooflan, in the Decan, once the capital of the I'oubah of the f'MTie name, which is now iictter known by that of Dowlatabad. Tliis place was the refidence of' the emperor Aurengzcbe, during his conqueft of tlic Deccan, and the Camatic. It is 181 miles by Pocnah, from Bombay. Lat. 18.6. N. Ion. 74. o. E. Am EI., a kingdom of Negroland. A^TIi^AND, an ifland ot Friefland. AMELiA.fornurly Ameria, or^Mi- MA, a Ihiall city in the pope's territories, fcated on a mountain between the Tiber and NJra, in a fertile country, 20 miles SW. of Spole^o, and 45 N. of Rome. Lat. 42. 33. N. Ion. 12. 30. E. Amerden-Hall, EfTex, near Audley-End. AMERICA, the largeft of the four grand divifions of the globe, is bounded on aU (ides by the ocean, and ftretches, in. it's extenfive range, through every inha- bited latitude or climate in the world j and the waters on it's northern extremity feem to be bound up in everlafting froff. The parts that have a vertical fun, are io near the fea, or the lofty Andes, conftantly covered with fnovv, that they experience not the exceflive heats of Africa; and the complexion of the natives, or aborigines, is by no means very dark; it is gene- rally of a reddifli or copper colour, from the Straits of Magellan to the borders of Hudfon's Bay. This immenfe continent is divided intoN. and S. America, which are joined by the Iffhmus of Darien. It's mountains, rivers, and lakes, are the largefl in the world. America took it's name from Americus Vefputius, a Florentine, who having accompanied Ojcda, aSpani/h adventurer thither, and drawing up an amufing hiftory of his voyage, infinuatcd therein, that he had firft difcovered that continent. The difcovery of America, was made fo lately as 1491, by Chrifto- pher Columbus, a Genoefe, a bold adven- turer, a patriot, and a man of humanity. At that time, the authority of the pope, over the whole world, was generally ac- knowledged throughout Europe. He had granted, to the Portugutfe, all the lands, iflands, Sec. they had difcovered, or might difcover, to the eaftward of the Azores; hence the other Europeans were deprived of the advantages of the trade to the Eaft Indies, by the Cape of Good Hope, which the Portuguefe had but lately difcovered. The coflly articles of the eafl, which had heretofore come through the Red Sea and Mediterranean, and afforded to the Ge- noefe a lucrative trade, v\ere now brought by the Cape of Good Hope. Columbus faw, South ^America A M E faw, with conceni, the lofs his country had luftained, and concluding the earth to be round, propofed to evade the force of the pope's bull; by failing to India by a weit- ern courie. His countrymen were not better geographers than the biftiop of P.ome. They treated his fchemes as the reveries of a mad man ; he trietl other courts of Europe, with fimilar fuccefs, till at length Ifabella, queen of Spain, ioid even her jewels to fit him out for the expedition. America furniflies mod of the Vegetable and mineral productions, to be found in the otlier parts of tlie world, together with a variety of valuable drugs r.nd oiher commodities, which were un- known here before it's difcovery. The animals on the north aremuc'i the fame all round the pole, but, in the fouthcrn parts of America, they are generally more dimi- nutive and feeble; and feme tribes there are, which, if ever they exifted in the old world (as Europe, Afia, and Africa are called) have there become extincl, while the moll ftrong and favage quadrupeds feein not to have ever arrived liere. Nearly the i'ame variety of birds is found in the new world as in other parts, and fonw? there are, that are peculiar to the climate. America may be divided into Indian Nations, United States, and European Colonies. Tlie countries pufTeffed by Great Britain, are X-abrador, or New Britain, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruniwick. The thirteen United States comprehend New H:jmplhire, including the province of Main, Maffachufetts, Rhode-Iflind, and Connecticut .in New England, New York, New Jerley, Penn- fylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, NoVth and South Carolina, and Georgia. Vermont, in New England, and Kentucky, have been lately added to the union j and all the country to the N- of Ohio, ex- tending from Pennfylvania to the E. the lakes on the N. and MiffilTippi on the W. is intended by congreis to be divided into ten new ftates, to be called Washing- ton, Metropotamia, Pefilippi, Michigania, lUinoia, Cherlonefus, Saratoga, Sylvania, AlTenipi, and Polopotamia. In North A- itierica, Spain poffelVes E. and W. Florida, part of Louiiiana, New Mexico, Califor- nia, and Old Mexico, or New Spain. In South America, they hold Ttrra Firma, or Caftile dd Oro, Peru, Chili and Para- guay, or La Plata. The French have Caj'enne, and the Dutch, Surinam ; and the Portuguefe have Brazil. America ex- tends a diliance of 9000 miles, from lat. 56. o. S. to the impenetrable depths of ph^ nprtbern frigid zone, where it nearly A M O extends through every degree of weflem longitude from London j and varies in it's breadth, from it's nnrroweft part, 60 niika at the Ifthmus of Daricn, to 3690, it's greateft breadth, acrofs the northern part: of N. America. AmersfoT-T, a confiderable town of theNethcilanus, in the province of Uiieclu. It can-ies on a manuiatlure ot dimity and bombazine, and is feated in a fertile coun- try, on the river Ems, 12 miles NE. cf Utrecht. Lat. 52. 14. N. Ion. 5. 2:. E. Ajnerjdeii, or Air.brojeden, Oxfordihirc, 2 miles trom Biceller, or Burcellej-. *Ame.isham, or Agmondeskam, nn ancient town of Buckingliamft-.ire, fituate in the Chiliern, a fort of hills, which abound with chalk. It confilts of a lon^ ftreet, on the road from Uxbridge toBuc"- kuigham, divided about the middle by a fliorter crofs ftreet. The woods, on the neighbouring hills, render the proipects v«ry agreeable. It is 12 miles from Aylcf- bury, 26 miles SE. of Buckingham, and 29 NW. of London. Market on Tuef. Amerjhanu Kampfliire, near Petcrsfield. Amerton, Staff, near Ingelfre. Amid, a town of Afiatic Turkey. Amiens, a handfome, large, and an- cient town in thedept. of Somme. It has 3 bridges over as many branches of the Somme, 5 gates, and contains 35,000 in- habitants. It has manutaflurcs in linen and woollen cloth, which employ, in the city and adjacent country, 30,000 people. It is on the road from Calais to Paris, 20 Iniles SE. of Abbeville, and 75 N. of Paris, Lat. 4.9. 54. N. Ion. 2. 28. E. Amington, Staff, near Stone. Amuiglon^ Oxfordl. near Watlington. A/aingtoiiy Warvv. near Colelhill. Aml^ick, Anglo- ley in N. Wales. Ammercot, a fort In Hindooftan Pro- per, in an extenfive fandy delert between the Indus, the teiritories of Agimere and Moultan, and thePuddar. It is 190 miles N, by E. of Tatta. Ammerform, or Am>ter-Farm, H.unpf. 6 miles from Bufli- Waltiiam and Fareham, Amney-Crucis, Glouc. 2 miles from Ciren- cefter; aJ paved, and moft of them have canals with rows of tr^es on each fide. It is feated at the conflufnce of the rivers Amftel and Wye, fij miles N. of Antv/erp, 175 E. by N. of London, 240 N. by E. of Paris, and 560 NW. of Vienna. Lat. 52. 23. N. Ion. 4. 50. E. Amfyt a parifli of Hertford (hire. Atnf. 'VJorth, Lane, near Manchtfter. Amu, Amur, rivers in Afiatic RufTia. Amul, a larg« inland town of Perfia. A/.nivell, a village in Hertfordfhire, a little to the S. of Ware, and 21 miles from London. One part is called Amwell- Magna, and the other Amwdl-Parva ; the head or fource of the New River, which fupplies London u-ith water, is at the latter ■place. This cjnal was projefted by Su H. Middleton ; he began it in i6c6, nnd fi- nifhed it in 1612, by aiTiftance of the city of London, and by aid of parliament ; but with a confiderable lofs of his own pro- perty, he perfected the work. The ex- tent of the canal is near 39 miles ; it has 45 fliiices, and there are 215 bridges over it. Anizvici, Lincobifliire, between Slcatord and Tatterftiall. Anaeoa. See Annobona. Anadir, a river of Siberia. Anadirsksi, a town on the river, be- longing to Rufiia. Anadorn, in Down, Ulfter. Anagni, a city of Campagna di Ro- ma, fituated on an eminence, in the Via Latina, but now almoft in ruins. Nernr this, are the hot waters, anciently called Therms Aninx. Lat. 41, 56. N. I'jn. 13. 25. E. Anakopir, capital of the Abkas. Anarstapinn, a i(2a-port of Iceland. Anatolia, or Natolia Proper, the moff welfernly divificn of Natolia. Anattom, one of the New Hebrides, Anbar, a town of Hlndodftan. Ancara^o, a town of Ancona, in the pope's territories, 82 miles NE. ot Rome. AncnJJer, a village of Line. 8 miles from Grantham, and 15 miles S. of Lincoln. Ancafllc, Oxford!', on the borders of Berkf^ Ancenis, a town feattd on the river Loire, in the dept. of the Lower Loire, 20 miles NE* of Nantz. Anclam, a town of the Weftern, Swed- ifli, or Royal Pomerania, in Upper Saxony. It made a good figure once among the Hanfe towns, and has an advantageous fite among good corn lands and excellent paflure, with the conveniency of fifhing and. exporting their commodities, by means of the river Pene, on which it is feated. For- merly it was called Tanglim, and lonie have fuppoIcU it to have beei) the feat of the A >r D she Angli, mentioned by Tacitus ; feme oi whom removed from thence to the Elbe, and ai'fei-wards to S. Britain. Anclam is, 20 miles S. of Gripfwald. Lat. 53. 53. N.* Ion. 14. a. E. Aiidiff, Lane. 2 miles from Wigan, has a curious Ipring, called the burning well. Anroates, Lane, i mile from Manchefter. Ancober, or Rio, Corbe, a territory on the gold coaft of Guinea, and a river of the fame name flowing through it ; the banks of which are adorned with fine lofty trees, affording a very agreeable fhade. On the weftern bank is a populous village. Ancona, anciently Ancon, a dillri^t, and confiderable fea-port in the pope's ter- ritories, on the Adriatic Sea. Commerce bas rapidly increafed here of late years, through the patronage of Clement XII.' who made it a free port, and built a mole to render the harbour fafe. It is erefted on the ruins of the ancient mole, raifed by the emperor Trajan, and is above 2000 feet in length, 100 in breadth, and about 60 in depth, from the furface of the fea. Near this ftands the Triumphal Arch of Tra- jan, which, next to the MaifonQuarree, at Nifmes, is the moft beautiful and entire monument of Roman magnificence exifling. Here, likewife, Clement ereRed a lazaret- to, which advances a little way into the fea, in the form of a pentagon, and is an elegant, as well as ufeful edifice. The Jews have a fynagogue here, and are efta- bliflicd in great numbers. Apcona is 116 miles N. by E. of Rome. Lat. 43. 38. N, Ion. 13. 35. E. Ancraft, Northumb. near Eelford. Ancyra. See Angora. Andaja, a river of Old Caftile. Andalusia, the moft rich and fertile province of Spain. It is 250 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. The river Guadalquiver runs through it's whole ex- tent, and Seville is it's capital. It was refcrted to in antiquity by the Tyrians, Rhodians, Phoenicians, Grecians, Cartha- ginians, and Romans, on account of it's gold and filver mines. It is ftill a place of great trade, having many commodious harbours which open to tlie Weftern Ocean, near the entrance to the Mediterranean, as .Cadiz, &c. and abounding in fruits, corn, wine, oil, honey, fugar, herds of cattle, &c. The Andalufian breed of horfes have long been celebrated for their beauty and fleetnefs. Andalusia, New, or Paria, a pro- vince of Terra Firma, fituated on the At- lantic, with the Oronoque to the SW. Andaman Islands, on the E. fide of the- entrance of the Bay of Bengal. The AND inhabitants are a harmlefs race, livinr chiefiy on rice, fruits, and herbs. AndanaGar, a beautiful, rich, and populous town of theDeccan, llindooftan. And AYE, a town in the dept. of the Lower Pyrenees, famous for it's brandy. It is fituated at the mouth of the river Bi- dafioa, oppofite Fontarahia in Spain, iS miles iiomBayonne. Lat. 4.3. 25. N. Ion, 1.45. W. Ande, a river of Hampfliire, that rifcs^ in the foreft of Chute. Andei^-, or Andelis, Les, a town of France, in the dept. of Eure, divided by a paved road into two towns, Great and Lit- tle Andely ; the former on the little river Gambons, the latter on the Stine, The cloths manufaflured here are very fine» It is 20 miles SE. of Rouen, and 60 NW. of Paris. Lat. 49. 20. N. Ion. i. 30. E, Andenas-Cajlk, Corn, near S. C'olomb. Andenas, lilands of Drontheim. .- Andenoen, an ifiand of Drontheim, Ander, or Ande ro, St. a fea-port of Bifcay, where the Spaniards build, and lay up fome of their men of war. It is 60 miles W. of Bilboa, Lat. 43. 25. N. ion. 3. 51. W. Ander hy, Line, near Alford. Anderhy^ Aniers, Yorkf. N. Riding, near BedaJ. Anderby-Stcefle, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Richmoiui. Andt-rby-M'ternhoiv, Yorkf* N. Riding, near Northallerton. Anderlecht, a fortrefs of Brabant, a miles N. of BrufTds, Andernacht, a town of Cologne, on the Rhine, near which are ei:celkiu mine- ral waters. They trade here in large tim- ber, which is fioated down to this place, and hence to Holland. It is 10 miles NW. of Coblentz. Lat. ^o. 29. N. Ion. 7. 22. E. Anderskow, a town of Zetland, Den- mark. Anderflon, Dorfctf. near Bere. Andtr- ion, Chefti. near Bticklow. Anderton-Ford, Lane, near Ormiklrk. A>iaa-ton, Lane, between Ecclefton and Wigan. Andes, or Cordilleras, a huge chain ot mountains, or rather two ridges, or Cordilleras, running almoft tlie whole Jength of South America, from the Ifth- mus ofDaric-n to. the Straits of M"gellar., through Peru and Chili, a difta'nce of 4300 miles j and in a line parallel to, and but a little diftrmce from, the Pacific Ocean. They are alio the loftieft, as well as the moft extenfive range of hills in the wliole world. Even the plain of (^i;o, which may be confider.ii as a bafe or the Andes, is elevated farthi.r above the lea, than the top of ths Pyrenees ; and, in different p]a«;s, AND pinccs, they rife more tlmn one tliird liiglier thr.n rhf Pike of Tcncriffc, heretotV.iL- ac- couiUcil the liiglitft pii 1 o! the whole earfli. The Aitfles m^y litetaliy be faitl, to liide their hculs in the clouds : the (brms often roll, and the thvnidevs bmll below their liiniiTii's; which, thougii expofcd to the rays of the fun, in the centre oi the ton id 2one, are covered wiili evLilalVing liiows, Fioni exi>erinients made with a barometer, on the mountain of Cotopaxi, it appeared, tliar it's fummit was elevated 6253 yards, whicli is fomeihing more thau 3 geogra- phical mik-s, above the liuface ot the lea. • Tliefe mountains give rile to the iargeft rivers in tlie world; and, when the volca- n s, which are numerous here, break out anioncj the Inows, the fudden thaws, pro- duce fuel) torrents of water, as to deluge the plains, and carry off the inhabitants, b'jth man and beail. An'Des, a hamlet of Mantua. JiiMfftr, near Lancafter. An DORA, a large village of Genoa, prcwiucing excellent wine. Andorno, h town or Piedmont. *AnD0VER, a large, well-built, popu- lous town in Hampfhire, pleafantly fituat- ed on the river Ande, on the edge ot the D.)wns. It is a great thoroughfare on the weftern road, as well from Ne^vbury to SiliToury, a* from London down into the weft, 10 miles N. by VV. ot Winci\efter, and 65 W. by S. of London. Lat. 51. 14, N. Ion. I. 20. W. Market on Saturday. AndR-aghira, a river of Sumatra, on which the Dutch have a factory. Andraig, a harbour and fort of Ma- jorca. Andrarum, or Anderum, a town of S. Gothland, 14. miles S. of Chriltian- Itadt ; !iere are the greatelt alum works in Swedtn. Andre, St Northiimb. 6 miles E. of Hexham. Andrevfs, St. Snff. near Bec- cles. AnJre-TM''s-Ci!j}Ie, St. Hamprtiire, between S.iuthampton and Petersfirld. Anorew's, St. a town of Fifertiire, formerlv the metropolis of Scotland, or of the Piotifli .kingdom. It is feattd on a bay, on the level top of a fmall hill, com- manding a view of the 'German Ocean, The cathedral, once a large Gothic Itruc- tnre, founded in 1161, and 157 years in building, was fo completely demoli(lied in a Tingle day, by John Knox and his adhe- ten'j, that little of it now remains. The univerfity, founded by the bifiiop Ward- law, in i + ii, confuls of 3 colleges, the Olil College, the St. Leonard's, and the New College, and has produced many leirned men. The houfes, though built A N G of ftone, are gone to decay, there heingno manufactures here to fiipport the numer- ous inhabitants ; and the harbour has luf- fered greatly by the encroachments of the fea. It Is 30 miles NE. of Edinburgh. Lat. 56. t8. N. Ion. z. 45. W. Andrew's, St. a town in Nova Scotia. Andre, St. t vo towns in the dept. of Mont Blanc, and ievcral others in different parts ot France ; alio, a diftri6t of Corfica. ANDREASBERfJ, Of St. AnDREW, a town of iirunfwick Lunenburg. Near it are rich iron mines. Andrew, St. a town of Carintliia. Andrew, St. an ifland, and a town of Hungary. Andrew's, St. an ifland, with a town of Dalinatia. Andria, a town of Naples. Andros, an ifland and fea-port of Turkey, in the Archipelago. The inha- bitants are nioftly of the Greek church, and about 5000 in number. The princi- pal riches of this ifland confiit in filks, and it produces wine, oil, coin, oranges, citrons, mulberries, pomegranates, figs, 6ic. It is almolt oppofite to Athens, and near the S. end of Negropont. Andross, one of the Bv'rmuda ifles. Andrussow, a village of Smolenflcow. Andrzeiow, a little town of Cracow. Andst, a dillriiSt in N. Jutland. Andujar, or AnduxaR, an ancient, large, and populous city of Andalufia. It has Ievcral fine buildings, a Itrong caltle, and is feated on the Guadalquiver, over which there is a (lately bridge. It vends great quantities of filk, and the country around abounds in corn, wine, oil, honey, i^c. It is 25 miles NE. of Corduba. Lat. 38. 10. N. Ion. 3. 4.8. W. Andwortskow, See Anderskow, An eg AD a, one of the Carribee ifles. An FA, adiltri6t of Teinecen, Algiers. AnficU, Hampf. near Southamptor.. A.NFii.ocHA, now Jeroirlia, a town of the ancient Epirus ; it was almoft ruin- ed, during the wars between the Venetians and Turks. An?^abury, Herf. near Hitching. Angara, a river of Afiatic Ruflia. Angel, a river in Montgomeryfliire. Angelo, St. a town in the pope's ter- ritories ; a ward, and a caftle, of Rome, to which the pope retires, on apprehenlion of danger ; a ftrong callle of Malta ; a caftle and diftrift of "Corfu ; a fea-port of Apulia ; a town, two cities, and a moun- tain of Naples. Angelos, the fecond city of Mexicou The rtreets are large, clean, and regularly builtf The Tcjuaie, ia the centre, is beau- tified. A N G tified on three fides with uniform porticos, where are (hops, furnifhed with all forts of merchandife : on the other fide, is it's (late- ly cathedral, built in the modern talle. It has a mint, glafs-houfe, and other manu- faftures, and the country around it is very fertile : but tlie inhabitants, both priefts and people, are accounted extremely pro- fligate and licentious in their manners, Angeios is 62 miles SE. of Mexico. Lat. 19. 30. N. Ion. 99. 2Z. \V, Angeljley, Somerfet(hire, near Taunton. AsGERAP, a river of PrufTia. Angerburg, a diltridl, and a town on a lake of the fame name in PrufTia. ANGERMANN'IAjOrAxGERMANLAND, a province in Sweden, 24- miles long, a'.id 16 broad. It is diverfified witli rocks, mountains, and forefts 5 rivers and lakes, abounding with (ifh } and here are confi- derable iron works. Angermunde, a town ef Courland ; and a town of Weltphalia. Angern, iron-works in Courland, Angers, a large and populous city in the dept. of Maine and Loire. It is feated near the confluence of the Sarte and Loire, and is divided by tlie Maine into two parts ; the wellern, extending into the plain, and the eaftern, which rifes on the acclivity of a hill. It's environs prefent a plealing view of numerous ccuntry- houfes, upwards of a hundred wind-mills, well cultivated kitchen-gardens, and emi- nences that produce good white wine. The inhabitants are computed at 28,000. The manufaflure of handkerchiefs and fail-cloth, is carried on here ; the produce of the flate-quarries, at the extremity of the Aiburb of BrelTigny, forms likewife an important article of commetce. In An- gers, there is a fpacious fquare, and four beautiful public walks. It is 50 miles N£. of Nantz, and 175 SW, of Paris. Lar. 47. 30. N. Ion. o. 35. W. Aiigerton, Cumberl. in Hdme-Cultram. Afigerloz, Northumb. near Morpeth. Angezeia, one of the Comora Illands. Angihart, a village of Tufcany. Anghiera, a county, and a town of Milan, on the E. (ide of the Like Mag- giore, 30 miles NW. of Milan. Lat. 45. e ancients Mona, and was the feat of tne Druids, of whom there feem to be fome monumental remains, in the ercftions of iuige (tones, fingly and collectively, in A N G circles, and one upon another, as at Stone Henge } thty ate without any infcription, to (licw the time or occafiun of their erec- tion. Here are alio found fome Roman and other antiquities. Angleley is fepa- raled (rem Carnarvonllurc, by a long and narrow ftrait, called Menai, or Tvleneu, which, in fome places, is fordable at lovr water. It is a fertiJe fpot, has ibme va- luable quarries, and a very line copper- mine on Pai7's Mount. Aiiglefty-Ahl'cy, Camb. near Botfham. Angleton, SuflTex, near Lewes. Angmeritigf E. and ir. Sulfex, two fmall villages on the Engiidi Channel, near Arundel. Angol, a plcafant well-watered city of Chili, fouated on a very fertile plain, 125 miles N. of Baldivia. Lat, 37. 56. S, Ion. 72. 59. W. Angola, a fertile kingdom of Lower Guinea, or Congo, ntuated between the rivers Dande and Coanza. It is bounded on the N. by Congo Proper, on the E. by Matamba, on the S. by Benguela, and on the W. by the ocean. It produces Indian com, beans, oranpes, lemons, and feveral other fruits. The country is divided among feveral petty piincesj the Portu- guefe have feveral fettlements on the coafl-, and the Englilh and Dutch yet carry on that infamous traffic, the flave-trade. Po- lygamy is allowed in this country, and they praftife the initiatory rite of the He- brews. They feem to be an amiable and peaceful people; they are tall, and are reckoned to be elegant figures, and very handfome; and from the fertility of tiie foil, and the (implicity of their manners, they live very much at their eafe; it is perhaps from this circumftance, that thefe injured poor people, when carried into flavery, (hew an impatience of fatigue, and an independency of fpirit fuperior to thofe from the Gold-Coait, where the foil is barren, and wheie they have been accuf- tomed to hardfhip and labour. Angola is fituated between 9 and nearly i:t degrees S. lat. and between 10 and 20 E. Ion. Angora, or Angoura, anciently Ancyra, a town of Natolia in Aliatic Turkey, remarkable for it's remains of antiquity, as inlcriptions, pillars, niins of temples, &c. of porphyry and old marble. The caflie, which is as large as a (mail town, and well inhabited, both by the Chriltians and Turks, is built of white marble, and (tone refembling porphyry 5 and tiiroughout the walls of the town, which are low, and thofe of the houl'es which are generally built of unburnt brick, antique fragments are interfperlld. The city of -Angora is coniputed to have 109,000 A N G joo,ooo Inlvihiiaiits in it, 90,000 ot whom iirc 'I'uiks; and aljoiit looo ot tlieie are janir.ai ies : Giteks, Armenians, &c. compofe tlie remaining 10,00b. The country produces very good rc of Piedmont, through which runs a little river of the fame name. It is ac- Ctflible only at two places from the S. and E. and there are retreats among the rocks, where, during the molt violent perlecu- tions agn.infl; the poor Vandois, their old barie, bards, as tiiey are called, or valley- minifteis, prtached without interruption. Sometimes the valleys of Piedmont are called by the name of Angiogne. The town of Angrogna is 7 miles W. of Pig- nerol. Lat. 45. o. N. Ion. 7. 15. E. Aftgton, Sufl'cx, near Arundel. ANG50, a cattle of Upland. Ancued, a province of Algiers, or ra- tlu'i" a dclcrt of Temecen. Hordes, or ciins of Arabs, and others, live here inoltly on plunder, obliging traveiUrs to pay them money for their pafTports, wluch ANN are a klnrl of fmall flag at the end of a lance. 'I'hey have but little corn, and tiicy ictfS ))rincipally on dates, mifk, and what wild game (fo called) tlay kill. They range at pleafure about the couwt/, acknowledging none but their own chief, and paying no tribute to the Algcrines. Anguilla, or Snake Island, a woody, fertile, level trqff, and the moft northerly of the Englifli Canibee J [lands. Anguillaxa, a town in the p pc's territories ; alio a lake, and a fmall but hand Come town of Padua. Angus, a fhire of Scotland, fometimes called Forfar, from the name of the coun« ty-town, is bounded on the N. by Abcr- deenniire, on the NE. by Kincardinefhire, on the E. by the German Ocean, on the S. by the Frith of Tay, and on the W. by Per:hfhire. It is about 40 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It has many lakes and hills, with quarries of flatc and tieeltone, and mines of lead and iron ore ; the lower grounds are fertile in corn and palture ; and along the coalt, the falmon fiiliery is very extcnllvely can ied on. The principal rivers are the N. and S. Efk. An HALT, a principality of Upper Sax- ony, 42 miles long, 8 broad. It abounds in corn, and is watered by the Saala, or Sal.le, and the Mulda. An HALT, or A;: HOLT, an Ifland in the Categat, 8 miles from the coaft of Jut- land, and 10 from Zealand. It is danger- ous for I'eamen, for which reafon a light- hou'e is erected on it. Anian. See Ajan. Anjengo, a fmall town of Malabar, held by the Ealt India company. Their merchandife confilts chiefiy in jiepper and calicoes. Lat. 8. 49. N. Ion. 76. t. E. An'JOU, a cidevant province of France, forming, with the late provinces ot Maine and Touraine, the 4 departments of Maine and Loire, Indre and Loire, Maine, and Sane. A;:lcr, a river of Warwickf. which falls into the Tame at Tamworrh. Aiikerden, Worceit. on the borders of Hereford fhire. Ai:khpm, a river of Lincolnfh. falling into the Humber. AKkertoti, Oxfoidfti. NW. ot Banbury. Ankcr-ivkk, Buckinghamfli. near Windfor. A/ilaby, Yorkfliire, near Hull, Anna, or Anah, a di{tri<5t and town of Turkey in Alia. The latter is feated on the weltern bank of the Euphrates, where there is a plenty ot olives, oranges, citrons, lemons, pomegranates, and dates. The fields produce cotton, and the corn grows exceedingly high j but ihe inhabit- ants arc faid to be great freebooters, dil- jierllng ANN perfing tliemfelves from hence all over the defert. The city is tributary to the grand fignior;'but it is with great difficulty that the Turkifli aga and janizaries kept here, can levy the tribute. It is 130 miles W. of Bagdad, p.ud izo SSVV. of Mouffol. Lat. 34.. 30. N. Ion. 41. o. E. Anna, St, a Ruffian fortrefs, fituated ton the Don. It's lireets are ftraight, broad, and well built; but the country about it is marfliy. A^•^'ABO^'. SeeANNOBONA. Aknaburg, a town in the elei5lorate of Saxony, 16 miles ESE. of V/itttnburg. AnnacJoy, co. Down, prov. UKler, on a branch of StrangfV)rd Lake. Annacolty, CO. Limerick, prov. Muiilter, 91 miles from Dublin. Annadorn, co. Down, prov. Ul- Iter, nt the Iburce of the river of the Came name, which falls into the inner bay of Dundrum. Aiinagh, co, Ccirk, prov. Mun- ller, near Charleville: the linen manufac- ture is cniiied on in this village. Armagh, an idand between the ifle of Achill and main land of Mayo. Anna Lifkey, a river in Leinfter. It rifes in the co. of Wicklow, and, by a cir- cuitous courfe, runs into the co. of Kil- dare; there it partes through the Leinftir aqucduft under the grand canal, is preci- pitated from the rocks of Leixlip, form- ing a moft beautiful waterfall, and thence gently gliding through a beautiful and improved country, it paffes through the county and city of Dublin, and falls into Dublin-Bay. Annalong, a river, fmall harbour, and village, in Down, Uiftcr, 69 miles from Dublin, An NAM ABO E, an Englifli faftory on the Gold-Coalt of Guinea. Annamooka, oneof the Friendly Ifles, iltuatcd about 20 S. lat. and 173 W. Ion. Annan, a lea-port of Annandale, on the river Annan, about 3 miles NE. of Solvvay Frith, and 60 S. of Edinburgh. Lat. 55. o. N, Ion. 3. 16. W. Annandale, a diltrift of Dumfrief- ihire, in Scotland. The mountains in the N. of this dilfrift, called Moffnt Hills, are the higheft in the S. of Scotland, and from them dcfcend the Tweed, the Clyde, and the Annan. Annano, a fort in theduchv of Milan, Annapolis, the capita! of'jMaryland, feated at the mouth of Severn river. The houfcs, about 270 in number, are general- ly large and eh^gant. The plan of the city is a circle, with the ftadtlioulc, a vciy ele- gant building, in the centre, and tbefireets, like radii, divirging from thence in diHTer- cnt diufiious, '^It is 30 miks S, cf Bal. A N S timore. Lat. 39, o, N, Ion. 77, 20. W. Annapolis, a town of Nova Scotia, on the eali fide of Fundy Bay, has one of tiic finelt harbours in the v.oild. Lat. 44.. 52. N. Ion, O4, 5. W. Annecy, a town in the dept. of Mont Blanc, feated on the river Siar, and on a lake of the fame name, about 10 miles long, and 4. broad. It is 20 miks S. of Geneva, and 22 NE. of Chamberry. Lat. 45- 53. N. Ion. 6. 5. E. Anngroir, in Cork, prov. Munfter. Ann-Little, Hampfliire, near WherveJ. Anne's Sf. Eflcx, near Clielmslbrd. Anne's^ Chapel St. Devonf.nearBarnftaple, Anne's^ Hill St. Surry near Chertfey. Anmjlcy, Nott. near Sherv/ood-Foreft. Annejlty, or Houmtjley, Staff, i mile from the Dove. Annenburg, a caftle of Courland. Annenhof, an imperial feat near Pe- terfljurg, on the banks of the Neva. An net, one of the Scilly illes, without inhabitants. On it are iome druidical re- mains, and, at low water, the foundations of ruined habitations are vifible, v/hich are fuppofed to have been deftroyed by: the fea. Annifor, a river in Pembrokediire. Annoeon A, an iiland near the coafl of Loango, fubje6t to the Portuguele. It: is well (locked with cattle and fruit : the air is healthful, and provifions are very- cheap. Annonay, a town in the depart, of Ardeche, feated at the confluence of the Cances and Deumes. Very fine paper is manufaftured here ; and it was in this place that the two brothers Montgolfiers, paper-makers, in 1782, made the difco- very of air-balloons They floated them with rarefied air, obtained by means of a fire fui'pended beneath them 5 and balloons of this kind are (till called Montgolfiers, in honour of the inventors, and to dilfin- guiflj them from thole that are filled witlx gas, or inflammable air ; both kinds have burft, and the individuals been killed by the fall. Annonay is 12 miles SW. of Vienne. Lat. 45, 15. N. Ion. 4. 55, E. Annone, a fort of Montlerrat. AnO-Capri, the largelf town in tlie ifiand of Capri. It belongs to Naples. AnouJthan, Cornw, near St. Ives. Ansede, a diffrift^of Entre Douro e Minho. An I CO, a part cf Africa, under, or on the line. Ansloe, or Opsloe, See Christi- an i .«. . Anspach, a diftrift and town of Fran- conia ; the country is beautifully inier- fperfedwith woods. In the town there are D fgrae ANT fomc valuable manufaflures, anJ In flie palace there is a vciy fine cabinet oFcnii- ofitics. Ir is i'caied on tlic rivti AnCjiacli, 15 miles SW. of Nurtmbing. Lu. 49. 10. N. ion. 10. 47. E. AnJJely Cornwall, between Bodmin and Graiiipoiind. Anjley, Lcicel". near Groby. Anflcy^ Warw. near Coventry. Anflfy^ Hnmpf. near Alton. Anjfey, Suflex, near Lewes. Anstruther, a town on the SE. coaft of the fliire of File, 25 miles NE. of jf'iinbingh. Lat. 56. 1 5. N. Ion. 2. 34. W. Anjiy, Wiltrtiire, ncar^Wardour-Caftle. Anjiy, Devonl'. near South Moultoii. Anten, or Hanta, a country of Guinea. Antec>^'iera, a handfome and popu- lous city ot Granada, liippofed to be the Singilium of Pliny, and the Antiquaria of Antoninus's Itinerary. The upper part ot the town is feated on a hill, and has a caftle : the lower' ftands in a fertile plain, and is watered by a great number of brooks. Some rocks near this town have a very romantic appearance, and, in pits of the mountain, when the wafer \^ evapo- rated by the heat of the fun, confiderable quantities of iAt are obtained. Hire are l^ill to be feen the mines, whence the Ro- mans drew fuch immenfe quantities-ofpre- cious metals. It is 26 miles N W. of Ma- laga. Lat, 37. I. N. Ion. 4. 40. W. ANTEqyiERA, a town of Mexico, 75 miles SE. of Goaxaqua. A»terCkejler, Northumb. near Lear- mouth. Anthony, E. and IF. Cornw. near Saltaflr. It has a filh-pond which lets in the tea, and furniftifs the iniiabitanrs with fifli. There are two other villages called AnthoKy, the one E. the other W. of Fal- mouth. Antkoiiy, Somcrretf. 8 miles from Sonieiton. Anthony St. in Meney, Cornw. near Helllon-Downs. Antieari, a thinly- peopled town of European Turkey. It is fituated on the Adriatic, (landing on a hill, at the foot of \vhich is the harl'cnir. Antibes, a Tea- port in the depart, of Var, with a caftle. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 9 miles SW. of Nice. Lat. 43. 35. N. Ion. 7. 13. E. Antico ST E, an iflc in the St. Lawrence. AnticurbrUge, in Antrim, Ulller. Antigua, one of the Caribbee iflands held by the Engllih. It is 20 miles in length, and neaily the fame in breadth. The inhabitants, from the want of fprings, ure obliged to Hue tlie rain-water in cif- terns, and lo fetch it from other iflands. It is very rocky, but has. excellent harbours, contains about 70,000 acres, 6000 whites, ANT and 3600 negroes. The chief produce ia fugar, of which there is annually 16,000 hogflieads produced. The capital is St. John's. It is 60 miles SE. cf St. Chrifto- pher's. Lat. 17. 5. N. Ion. 62. 5. W. ANTii.ms, the name the French give to the Caribbees. Sec Indies West. Antingham, Norf. near Reppis. Antio, or Anzio, a promontory \a the pop>.'.s territoiies, near wlTich is a har- bour. It lakes it's naiiif from the ancient city Antium, the ruins of which extend over a long tra6l of land. Antioca, a fiiiall ifle near Sardinia. ANTiocH,now AnThakia, an ancient and celebrated, but now ruinous town of Syria, where the difciples of Jefus firlt re- ceived the name of Chiilfians. It's ruins are yet magnificent; they ftretch along the river Orontes, now AfTi, 15 miles E. of the Mediterranean, and 40 SW. of Alep- po. Lat. 35. 17. N. Ion. 36. 45. E. Antiochia, the metropolis of Pifidia, now Antiochetta, a fmall town in Cara- mania. Some (.ther cities of Afia had alfo the name of Antiochia. Antipachsu and Pachsu, two fmall iflands of Gieece, fubje NE. of Cadiz. Lat. 36. 52. N, Ion. 5. 46. W. Arcot, a large city, the cnpital of the Carnatic^ in the peninlula of Hindooflan. It is 73 miles horn Madias, and 217 from Seringapatam. Lat. 12. 30. N. Ion. 79. o. E. Ardiigh, ill Longford, Leinfter. Ardagb^ near Rathkeale, in Limerick, Munlter. Ardarngh, in Donegal Ulfter. Ardirac^ can, a neat village in Mcath, Leinller. It is 5 miles W. of Navan, and 25 NW. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 40. N. Ion. 7. o. W. Ardbury, or Erdtmry, Warvvickfhirc, near Coventrjj. Ardea, a village of the Campagni di Roma. Ardeath, in Mrath, Leinfter. Ardebil, an ancient town of Adlr- btitzan, for feveral centuries the refidence and burial place of the Perfian kings, par- ticularly of Scheich Eider, founder of the Schali lt6t. Pilgrims refort to this place from all parts of Perlia. It is 25 miles E. ofTauris. Lat.38.15. N. Ion. 48. 20. E. Ardeche, a department of France. It takes It's name from the river Ardeche, which falls into the Rhone. Ardee, or Atherdee, a town in the county of Louth, in Leinfter, 34 miles NW. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 54. N. Ion. 6. 46. W. Here is a mount, called Caitle- guard, nearly 90 feet high, apparently a work of art; the depth of the main trench is between 30 and 40, the circumference^ at the top is not lefs than 140, and round the foimdaticn it is upwards of 600 hti. Some conclude it to have been a fepulchral monument, and burying-place of fome of the Irifh kings; others, that it was a piace of aflembly, for the people to debate en p'ajjlic affairs. Arden, Yoiklhire, near Thirfk. Ardenburg, a town of Dutch Flan- ders, 10 miles NE. of Bruges. Lat. 51. 16. N. Ion. 3. 30. E. Ardennes, a dep;\rtment of France, fo named from a fainous foreft, lying oil the river Meufe, extending in Creiar's time far into Germany; what it mains of it at prelent, lies between Thionville and Liege. Ardenora, Cornw. between Grampound and Lcftwithiei. Ardenfide, Yorkf. near Arden, abovementioned. Ardes, a peniiiruia in the coimty of Down, in Ulfter, being nearly furrounded by the Irifli Channel and the Bays of Strangford and Carricktersus. This ba- rony was anciently a county of itlelf, as it appears, by ii patent roll of i Henry I, D 4. (A. D. A R D (A. D. 1400) in Beimingham's tower, DiiKlin-caille, that the laid king granted to Robert Fitzjorclan Savage, the oflicc ot iheritf ofthe Ardcs, in Ullter. Ardepy, Yorkl". ntar St;ule. Ardejlfy, £. and IV. Yorkr. near Otley. Ardferty in Kerry, Munder, diftant from Diihlin 144. miles. Ardjinnany\Xi\\\'c county ot Cork, Munftcr. Ardglass, now a decayed, but once a principal tov^n of Down, in Ulftcr. Here is a long range of building, in the caltie ftyle, called by tlie inhabitants, the new works, tliough they have no tradition of it'sdefign or ule. It extends 250 feet in length, in breadth only 24; the thicknefs of the walls is 3 feet: it has three towers in front joined to it, one at each end, and one in the centre, conftrufled on a defign uniform and elegant. It has been divided anto 1 3 apartments below, and the fame ■miniberabove,witha(lair cafe in the centre; each apartment on the ground-fluor had a fmall Gothic door, and a larot I'quare win- dow, which feems to denote that they were ihops or ware-room^;, occupied at fome very early peri'MEANAGH,a territory of Rofslhire. Ardimllan Spa, a chalybeate water of CalHereah, on the Lake Stangford. Ard- more, a parifli of Waterford. Ardmore- tead, a noted promontory on the S. coaft of Ireland, in the comity of Waterford, which forms the E. fide of Youghall Har- bour. AjiDRAH, a fmall kingdom and town of the Slave Coalf, Upper Guinea. The country is fertile in Indian corn, palm- wine, plants and fruits, which lall all the year, and the inhabitants make a gre?,t ARE deal of fait ; they live to a great age, tiut the fmall pox is very fatal to them. -The town ol" Ardrali, or Ardres, is in lat. 5. 5. N. Ion. 4. 10. E. Ardrakin, in Galway, Connaught. Ardres, a imall town in the dept. of the Straits of Calais. Francis I. and Henry VIII. of Ji^iiL^land had an interview here, in 1520, wiien the two kings and their attendants, difplayed their wealth and fi- nery with fuch emulation, that the plain where they met was named, the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Ardres is feated in a morafs, 8 miles S. ot Calais. Lat 50. 50. N. Ion. I. 59. E, Ardrofs, the Iieights of Rofsfhire. Ardiiumurchan, a dill ri£f of Ai gylefliire. Ardnarce, in Mayo, Connaught. Ardpa- /nV^, inMuofter, 19 miles S. of Limerick. Ards, NW. of Invernefs. Ardfallab, in Rufcommon, Connaught, Ardpdlas, in Ciare, Munfter. Ardtully^ near Callan, in the parifli of Kilgaiwan, in Kerry, Munftcr. /l/-d-wick,L:nK. near Manchefter. Are, See Ai-re. Arebat/i.i.o, a river of Old Caftile. Arebo, or Aribon, a town on the Conft of Gninta,at themouthof the river Formofo. The Engllfh had once a fa£fory here, as the Dutch have Itili. Lat. 6. o. N. Ion. 5. 5. E. A RED EM, on the Malabar coaft. Arega, in Portuguefe Etfremadura. Aregn'O, a dirtrii5i of Corfica. Arekea, a port on the Red Sea, 55 miles from Suaquen, Lat. 15.40. N. Ion. 39. o. E. Arehigh, Lane, near the river Duddon, oppofite to Millum-caftle. Areky, or Arnlcy, Staff, ftretches above a mile on the Severn. Areley, Chefh. near Norwicii. Areley, Staff, near Seifdon, Are! fy- Kings, Areley-Nether, Worcef. 6 or 7 miles S. of Bewdiey. Aremberg, a neat pleafant city in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is feated on the river Atr, 22 miles S. of Cologne, Lat. 50. 2c. N. Ion. 7. 3. E. Aren, Dorfetf. on the coalf, 4 miles E, of Wareliam, and i from Pool Harbour. Arena, a town of Calabria, Naples. Arendo.nx, a town near Antwerp. Arens, or Arensharde, a diftrift of Skiwick in Denmark, through which pafles the famous Danneuafice, that is, the great wall or rampart, which the Danifli king, Gotric, about the beginning of the ninth century, built acrofs the country from Holiinglfed as far as the Sley, a l?n£jth of 46 Englifh iniUf* as a defence ■ vi'traitift A R G 5gainft tlie incurfions of the Saxons and Sclavi. The people of this diltrift were the firlt in the country who profeffed Chrif- tianity, and their church, built in the year 8i6, was often demolifhed by thofc who turned ar^iin to idolatry. Arensberg, a town and' county of \Ve(iph-dia, fubjeff to the eleftor of Co- logne. The former is feated on the Roer, 50 miles NE. of Cologne. Lat. 51. 25. N. ion. 8. 20. E. Arensburg, a fea-port town of Ruf- fia, in Livonia, in the Ifie of Oefel, on the Baltic. Lat. 58. i 5. N. Ion. 25. 40. E. Arentim, in Entre Douro e Jvlinho. Arenswalde, a town in the New MarcheoFBrindenburgjon the frontiers of Pomerania. Lat. 53. 13. N. Ion. i5.3i.E, Arequipa, a city of P^ru, feated on a river in a fertile country, 290 miles S. by E. of Linia, The air is very tempe- rate; but near it tliere is a dreadful vol- cano. Lat. 16. 40. S. Ion. 72. 30. W. Ares, or Aras, a river of Arm^enia. Arey-bcck, Weft nior. near Gowburrow- Park, on the borders of Cumberland. Arezzo, or Arezza, an ancient town .of Tufcany, on a mountain. It is 34 miles SE. of Florence. Lat.43.a7.N. lon.ia.o.E, Arga, a river of Spain, which waters Navarre, and falls into the Ebro. Argan, a town of New Caftile, Arganil, a town of Bcira. Argences, a town in the dept. of Calvados, on the river Meauce, 10 miles E. of Caen. Lat. 49. 12, N. Ion. o. 2. W. Arcenta, a river of Albania. Argentan, a tCAvn in the dept. of Orne. It's trade confifts of corn, fine linen, lawns, gauze, and other thin cloths, hats, and tanned leather. It is feated on an eminence, in the middle of a fertile plain, on the banks of the Orne, 12 miles NW. of Seez, and iioW. of Paris. Lat. 4S. 45. N. Ion. o. 5. E. Argentaro, Monte, a cnpe and promontory on the coaft of Tufcany, about 12 miles S. of Orbltello; it juts out Into the fea, in the form of apeninfula, and is a ferviceable landmark. Argenteuil, a tov/n in the dept. of the Seine and Oile, 8 miles NW. of Paris. It is a very beautiful place, with fine vine- yards ; and in the environs, they have quarries of plaifter of Paris. Lat. 4S. 52. N. Ion. 2. 22. E. Argentiera, a barren ifland of the Archipelago. It's name is taken from the fjlver mines in it. It's inhabitants are (jieeks, but thc4-e is only one village.in theillaud. Lat. 37. 10. N. Ion. 25. lo.E. ArgentierL; L", a tpwn in the dent. A R I of Ardcche, 5 miles SW. of Auhen^s, and 17 W. of Viviers. Lat. 44. 30. N. Ion. 4. 22. E. Argentine, a town in the depart, of Mont Blanc. Argenton, a town in the dept. of the Indre, divided into two by the river Creufe., It is 37 miles SW. of Bout'^ts, aud 62 SE. of Poitiers. Lat. 46, 35. N. Ion. I. 38. E. Argholme, Lancaf. near Carfmel. Akgos, a fea-pcrt in the Morea, on a bay, 25 miles SW. of Corinth. Lut. 37. 30. N. Ion. 23. 5. E. ArgostoLI, a fea-port town of the Ifle of Cefalonia, over againii Albania. Arguin, a rockyifland, on the coaft of Negroland, 30 miles SE. of C.'>pe Bian- co. It has been fiicceffively in the hands of the Portuguefe, Dutch, Englifli, and French; which laif, in 1678, demoUfhcd tile fortrefs which the Portuguefe had built: fince that time, the Dutch have begun to fettle there again. Lat. 20. 30. N. Ion. 17, 20. W. Argun, Orgon, or Orkon, a town of E. Tartary, on a river of the fime name, which feparates the Tartar and Rnflian dominions in that part. There are mines of'filveranil lead near it, and a pearl fiflrery in the river. Lat. 46. 30. N. Ion. 103. 56. E. Argyleshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Invcinefsfhire, on the E. by the counties of Perth and Dum- barton, on tiieS. and W. by the Atlantic Ocean, by which It is broken into iliands and penini'ula'=, with bays and inlets, which afford good harbours lor fiiipping; and the country is well watered with rivers and lakes, v.'hich yield abundance of rifh. It is not qiate 100 miles long, from the Mull of Cantyre, to it's NE. extremity ; it's breadth is unequal, about 30 miles where greateft, and in fome parts only i or 2. To the NW. is a peninfula, detached from the reit of the county ; it contains the diftrids of Ardnamurchan, Morven, Sunart, and Ardgowar ; the two laft re- markable for numerous veins of lead, which, however, are not very produftive. The peniniulas of Cantyre and Cowall, are likewii'e very large. y\ great part of the country abounds wltli rocks, fright- ful prcci;-,icts, and ihipendous mountains, apparently piled one upon another ; yet, even in the high grounds, ilie ibil, though little fitted for cultivation, affords excel. lent palitire. _ Arhitsen. See Aariiuus. Ariano, a town of Nai>lcs, 15 miles E, of Beutveiuo, and 10 NW. of Tie- vico. A R L vico. Latitude 41. 8. N. Ion. 15. 19. E. Ariano, a town in the Pope's terii- tories, on a branch of the liver Po, aa miles NE. of Fi:rrara. Lit. 4.5. o. N. Ion. J I, 8. E. Arica, a fca-port of Peru, ahnoft de- ftroyed liy an eaitliquakc, in 1605. It Icarcely ever rains lieie ; anil many farms are tiiiploycd in the cultivalion of Guinea pepper, in which thi'y have a great trade to Lima, from whicli it is 550 miles SE. Here they ufed to fliip the treafuie which was brought from Putofi, from whicli it is 270 miles W. but it has now, for many years been carried overland to Lima. Aripo, or Arino, a town on the W. coaft of Ceylon, !;t the mouth of the river Sirunda, lubjeil to the Dutch. To t!ie E. of it is a pearl-filhery. Lat. 8. 41. N. Jon. So. 25. E. Ark, a river in Yorkf. which falls into the Swale near Gnnton. Arkcndale, Yo\k.L in the parifh of Knarefborough. Arken- dale, Yorkrti. near Applegarth-Foreft . Jrkcfddn, Eflex, near. Ni;wport. Arklejiy Yorki. between Richmond and Weftmor- land. Arklow, a reat market town and fea- port of the county of Wicklow. The tide flows "cry little here. It is 15 milts S. of Wicklow, and zb of Dublin. Lat. 52. 4.1. N. Ion. 6. 15. W. Arlfey^Yovki. 5 miles N. of Doncaffer. ArkfloHf Hcicfordi'. between Druxton and Kingfton. Arladon, Cumb. neac White- haven. Arle^ Glouc. i mile fiom Chel- tenham, where is a remarkable fpring. Arles, a large, handfome, and ancient city, in the department of the Mouihs of the Rhone. The country about is very pleafant, and produces good wine, manna, oil, fruits, and venvulfon, and the air is excellent, yet the city Is not populous. ConitintintjtheRoman emperor,took great delight in thii place, and made it the feat of the Roman empire in Gaul ; and here are Ibme remains of their antiquities, of which the amphitheatre and obeli(k are the moit remarkable. It is feated on the R!\one, 12 miles SE, of Nifmes, 35 NW. of Marftilles, and 430 S. by E. of Paris. Lat. 43. 41. N. Ion. 4. 43. E. Arlefcote, Warw. under Edgehill. Ar- l^jfji Bedford (hire, near ShefFord. Arlesheim, a town of Bafd. ArUfton, Dcrbyf. between Barrow and Findon. Arhy, Warw. W. of Nuneaton. Arli'igham, Glouc. near Berkeley, pcnin fulatid by the Severn, which is here a mile in breadth. It's exhalations are thought to Tender the air unwholefomc ; the pallage \ over it is rrear this place. Arlingham^ near ARM Clouceftpi'. Arli/iglon, Sufllx, near Peven. fey. Arlington, Bedf. between Harlington and Siiepefton. Arlington, Glouc. near Bybvuy. Arlifcot, Shicpf. near Ford. Arlon, an ancient town of the Ne- therlands, nowdiiinamlc'). Tt is feated on a mountain, 10 miles NW. of Luxem- burg. Lat. 49. 45. N. Inn. 5. 56. E. Arlfey, Yoi kf. N. of Doncafler. Armadabad. SceAviADABAT. Armagh, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulfter, boundeil on the W. by Tyrone and Monaghan ; on the N. by Ty- rone and Lough Neagh ; on the E. by Down; and on the S. and SE. by Louth, and Monaghan. It's foil is rich, the ridge of mountains, called tlie Fewes, ex- cepted, which runs acrofs it. It is a great linen county, it's trade therein being efti- matfd at 291,9001. *ARMAGii, thecounty-to-.vn, where the aflTizes are hehi, formerly a celebrated city and univerfity, is about 30 miles SE. of Londl^nderry, and 63 N. of Dublin. Lat. 54. ay. N. Ion. 6. 57. W. Armaihbregah, in Mcath, Leinfter. Akmagnac, a ci-devant province of Guienne, in France ; it now forms part of the department of Gers, Armamar, a town of Beira. Armanth^m'tte, Cumb. near the river Eden, between Kirk-Ofwald and Corby- caftle. Armanthvjate, Yorkf. near Dan- by. Armant h^vaite ,C\imh .■:^^\Q\\\\n2, Ouic- bridge, at the foot of BrtiTingthwaite-wa- ter. It comn>ands a delightful profpefl of that beautiful lake, of the romantic hills of Withop on the right, and the towering Skiddaw on the left; and the dirtant hills of Borrodale, or Kefwick, terminate the view. Armcboth, Cumb. near the river Thur- lemyre, and Legburth- water. ArmeJ- K/iight, Cornw. a rock at the Land's-end. Armenia, a large and very fertile country in Afia, watered by feveral large rivers. It is bounded on the W. by the Euphrates ; on the N. by Georgia ; on the E. by Schirvan and Ghilan ; and on the S. by Aderbeitzan, Curdiftan, Diarbcker, and Ghilan. It was formerly governed by it's own kings, but the Turks and Perfians hold poflcfiTif.n of it at.prefent. The inhabitants are much attached to commerce, and un- dertake long journeys to carry it on. They profefs Chriilianity. Armentiers, a fmall handfome town ' in tl)c department of the North, feated on the river Lis, 8 miles NW. of Lifle. Lar. 5c. 40. N. Ion. 3. 3. E. Arniiilon, Northamp. near Polbrook, Armetkorp, Yorkf, near Doncaffer. Armiers, A R N Armiers, a town in the depart, of the North, on the river Sambre, 20 miles S.ofMons. Lat.50.20.N. Ion. 4. 3. E. Annin, Magna and Parva, Ycrkf. near Barktton, on the river Air. Artnhigaky Nort. near Cringleton, 5 miles S. of Nor- wich. Arnungton, Devonfti. on the river Arm, near Plympton. Armira, a town of Livadia, on the Gulf of Voio, cr Velo, 30 miles SE. of LariiTa. L it. 39. 30. N. Ion. 23. 22. E, At'mitage, Staff, on the river Sow, Ar- mitape, Chefh. near Northwich. Armlej, Yorklhire, neTr Leeds. Armoy, in Antrim, Ulftcr, 109 miles from Dublin. ' .i^rwy^d'^.V/cftmorl.nearLittle-Largdale, on the b';i the river Mokcha-ieca, 300 miks S. A S B fiy E. of Mofcow, and 500 N, by \V. of A(tracan. Arjlmm, Yorkf. near the Tees. Arta, orLARTA, a fea-port of Lov/- er Albania, felted on the river Aldhas, 70 miles NNVV. of Lepanto. Lat. 39. 28. N. Ion. 21. 20. E. Artemus, a promontory of Valencia. Artk, a river in Cardiganf. Arthington, W.Ridiiig, between Otiey and Gawthorp. Arthuret, Cumb. near the river Kirkfop, S. ot Long- town. Arthur s-ccjile, Cornw, on the coaft, near Tintagel anO Bofcaftle. Arthur'' S' hail f Co/nw. near Penpon^, and the Temple-Moors. Arlington, Suriy, near God^lming. Artkhorough, North- amptonftiire, nenr Higham-Ferrers. Artois, a ci-devant province of the French Netherlands, now includLd in the depirrment of the Straits of Calais, Artro, a river in Merioneth!'. Arvans, St. Monm. a little N, of Chepftow, on the fame river. A RUB A, or Oruba, an ifland near Terra- Firma, held by the Dutch. It is 14. lecgues W. of Cura^ua. Lat. 12, 30. N. Ion. 67, 35. W. Arv'E, a river in the dept. of Mt, Blanc. Arum, Lancafliire, near Hornby. * Arundel, a town in SulTex, plea- fantly fituated on the declivity of a hill, on the fummit of which ftands the caftle, an ancient feat of the Dukes of Norfolk. As it ftatids near the mouth of the river Arun, it had (ince a good harbour, that admitted Ihips of 100 tons up to tlie bridge, till it was alniolt choked up by a fand-beach, thrown up by tlie fea ; but in 1733, there was an ace of parliament pafTed lor repair- ing it : it yet admits fmall vellcls, and great quantities of timber for the dock- yards are ftiippcd off here. It is 8 miles E, of Chichefter, and 68 SW, by S, of London. Lat. 50, 5>.N. Ion, o. 29, W. Maikets on Wednefday and S-iturday. Arzuanack, Cornw, near Pcndennis and Fal.nouth.. Arzverton, Sutt. a little to the NW. of Harwich, near the junction of the Orwel and tlie Stour, Ar-zvotkul, Cornw, 4 miles SVV. of Tiuro. As-ZILIA, a fca-port of Fez, 50 mileS SSW. of Tangier. Lat. 35. 30. N. Ion. 6. 3. W, Ar^in'a, a river of Ruflian Lapland, AsAD-AE AD, a town of Perfia. AfcJt, Cornw, near Crimble Pr.flage. * Asaph, St. a city of Flintfh. in N. Wales, fituated in a pleafant and rich vale, at the conflux of the rivers Elway and Clwyd. It is 24 miles W. of Chefter, and 209 NW, of London, Lat, 53. 12. N. Ion. 3. 36. W. Mirket on Saturday. Aj'h CsUford, Aicy Magna ^nd Pari'at 4% A. S H ^jhy-O^ergrange^ and AJhy-JFyender- 'I'Xirth, villages in WeftmoilaiKl. Ascension, a banen, vininiiabited ifland, about 600 miles NW. of St. He- lena. It has a lafe h;ubour, ?t which the Eaft- India fliips ofren touclr, to furnifh themftlvts with turtlt, which are here ve- ry plena! ul and large, Lat. 7. 4.0. S. Ion. 14. iS. W. AscHAFFENBURG, a towiT of Ger- many, l'ubjc6l to the Eleftor of Mentz, and 36 miles E. of that city. Lat. 50. 4. N. Ion. 9. s.E. AsCHEULEBENj a town of Anhalt. AscoLi, a large and populous town in the pope's' territories, feattd on a moun- tain, at the foot cf whicii runs the Fronto, ^o miles NE. of Rome. Lat, 42. 44. N. Ion, 13. 19. E. AscoLi Di SATRiANO,acity fcated on a mountain, 65 miles E. of Naples, Eat. 41. 8. N. Ion. 15. 50. E. Afcome, V/citmor. Afcot, Oxfoidf. near Shirehampton. AJcot, Warw. a little S. ot Ladbrook, near the road from Einbuiy to Dunchurch, Afcot, Buckf, near Wing and Window. Afcot, Midd. between Ryl- lip and Pinner-Green. Afiot, Oxf. near Tiiame, Afcot, Warw. near Wliichford. Afcot- Heath, 4 miles from Windfor, on the road to Reading. _ AsEER, orAsEERGUR, a ftrong fort- rei's of the Soubah of Candeidi, in the Deccan, 20 miles NE. or Burhanipour. J(,at. ii. 35. N. ion. 76. o. E. Aferbyy Leic. near Frifby. Aferley, Yorkl". a little S. of Stanley. Afgarby, Line. 3 miles from Sleaford. Afgarth- Force, a lofty cataraft on the Tees, which divides Durhaisi fiom Yorkf. a few miles W. of Barnard-Caftle. AJIi, Devonf, near Axminder. Ajh, D.rb. near Elwall, Afi, DevouC. between Branton and Wellcoate. AJh, Dorf. near Neiherby, Ajh, Dorf. near Pimpern. AJb, Hampf. near Bahngftoke. Afi, Hamplh. near Overton and Polham- ton. AJ}i, Kent, near Sandwich. A/hy Kent, between Ridley and Kingfdown. AJ}i, Somerfetf, in the pari f]i of M;utock. Ajh, Sto.f. near Stone. AJJi, SufF. near Wickham. Afl}, Surry, near Arderfhot, in Hampf. AJli Mag'ia and Par-ja, Shropf. a little to the SE. of Whitchurch. Ajh, Ifle of Wight, near E. Medina. AJham- Jiead, Berkf. near Baffildon. Ashbajlon, Shropf. near the river Tenie, between HIgh-Ercal and Rowton. *AsHP.ORN, a large town in Dei bylhire, feated hejwcen the rncrs Dove and Comp- ton. It's chief trade is in cheefe, fent from it up and down the Trent. It is 10 miles from Derby, 10 NE. from Utoxeter, and 139 NNW. of London. Lat. 53. 3.N. ASH lOTi. 1.44. W. Market on Saturday. AJhbrUge, Buck!". 4 miles from Ivir.:~o. AJJibright, B amp ton, Devonf. AjUriUle, Som. 5 utiles from Minehead. Ajhburn, a river in Sudex, falling into the lt;a at Pt- venfey. AJJibur-iham, Suffex, 9 miles frotn Haftings, and ^i from London. *AsHBURTON, in Devonftire, is one of the tour Si-annery Towns, and is Ieatc:i among the hills, where the mines of tiu and copper arc'. It carries on a coniiJer- able trade in vjool, yam, and Icrges, and ftands near the river Dart, 19 miles SW. of Exeter, and 192 W. by S. of Lcndon, Lat. 50. 30. N. Ion. 3. 50. W. Markets on Tueiday and Saturday. Ajhbury, Berkfj Afnbiiry, Devonf. near Oakhampton. AJtihy, Lmc. near Great Grimlby. AJkby. Lmc. near Candlefliow. AJJiby^'L'WiZ. near Wellingborough. Ajlihy, Line. near Hornca (tie. .4'^/^', Line. mid way between Grimfoy and Billbroke. AJJihyf Norfolk, near Thurfton. Ajhby, Nort, be- tween Yarmouth aVid Hick ling. Afliby^ Suffolk, betv/een Leojloffand Yarmouth. AJhbyCafde, Northamp. 6 miles from Weliingborougii and Northampton. ASHBY-DE LA-ZOUCH, a town in Leicelterfliire, i 3 miles S. of Derby, and 115 NNW. of Lqndon. Lat. 52. 36. N. Ion. I. 16. W. Market on Saturday. Ajhly-'Pal'ville, Leic. between Melton- Mowbray and Billelden. AJhby -Ledgers, Northamp. near Daventry. AJliy Canons » Nortliamptonf. a pleafant village between Brackley and Faufley. AJIiby-CblUs, Line, near Snilfty. AJhby-Cold, Northamp, 2 miles NW. of' Nafeby. AJhby-Frierst Dorfetf. near Dorcheftcr. AJh'yMcers, Northamp. between Ovcrfton and Wel- lingborough. Afoby Magna and Par'va, Leic. 4 or 5 miles to the N. and NE. of Lu 1 1 er worth . AjIi- Chapelry , Du rh . 4 m i le5 NW. of that city. AJJi-Church, Glouf. 2 miles from Tewkefbury. APKOjnb, De- vonf. near Exminfter. AJluroft, Devonf. near Hartland. Apdon, Elfcx, en the borders of Suffolk, AJJuio):, Eflex, 3 miles NE.of SaftVon-Walden, and near the bor- ders of Cambridgefhire, AJl'.doivn, Berkf. nearE, lllley. Ajhe, Suffolk, near Wick- ham. AJ]je Bigod, or Bochlng, Sufi", near Bradley and Ncedham. AJbeldon, Eifex, near Dengy. AJhele, Norf. between Wat- rcr. and Swaff hanr. AOielixjortk, Berke- ley, Glouc. AJlieln-vorih, Gloncef. near Laflin^ton. ^//^«if«, Buckingh. 8 iTj-les NW. "of Aylclbury, AJhet'-dc::, Dorfetf, near Dcrcheiler, AJIjenkurft, Stafl'. a little to the SE, of Lecke, Afier, Snflex, near Pevenfey. ^/^-f^yf, Kent, near Tunbridge. / AJIiJield, Cornw. 4 miles from Leltwethie); , AJhf.dd, Suff. near Ixworth. AjhJieli, / ■ Suffolk,, ,/ ASH Suffolk, 3 miles Nli. of Debenham. * AsHl'ORi), a lOA-n in Kent, iz miles from Canterbiiiy, 24. SE. ot Maidllone, and 57 SE. byE. of London. Lat. 51.4. N. lun. o. 52. E. Mm ktt on Tucfday. Afliford, Deib. in the High Peak. AJli- ford, Devonlh. 6 miles N. of B.irnllipie. Ajhford, Devon, a little W, of UtFcoUmib. AlJiford, M:dd. near Staines. AJliford- Be~Mdley,S'Mo\^l S. ofLiidlow. A/iford- Carhonnd, Sinop/. E. of the former. AJli- gate, Ruil. near Oakham. AJhurJi, SuiT. Bear 13ramber. Ajhurjl, Suff. neaf Peven- fey. ylJJiill, Someil. 2 miles from Ilmin- fter. Ajhiw^do)!, ElTex, 3 miles fromRoch- ford. Ajbington., SoHlx, 10 miles from Hoilham. AJhhiy, Siaff. NW. of Eccle- flial. AJIdey, D^rfeif. a hamlet 2 miles S. of Litton. AJh'ey, Camb. 18 miles fiom Cambiidge. AJhky, Cheih. on the river Rincray. between Knutsfoid and Stockport. Ajliley, Lane, between Layland and the jiver Yarrow. Ajhlcy, Northamp. on the river Well.md. Ajincy, Northamp. near Preftun. Afldey, Hanipi". W. of St. Crofs and tht W. Fo'eft. Afoky, Wihf, near Malmfbuiy. Alhley Barn, Gloucef. near Briltol. AJhley Green. Bucki". in Chef- ham. AJIdey, A'.and .S" Hampr.nearChrift- church. AJJi Lench, Worccf. a village in the parifli ot Lench Church. AJlding, E. and /^r. Svilfex, near Chicheftei-. Ajhling- ioa, or Aflierton, Wiltf. near Wdlbury. Ajh?7ianhall, Norf. near Wuiftead. AJh- manf-joortb , Hampfli. W. of Sidmanton. AJJimorey Dorfetf. 2 miles from Milton- Abbas. AJlir>wre-brooke. or Afhcnhrohe, Staff, near Litchfield, ^//i-'o//, Somerlietf. between Bridgewater and Stokegomer. AJJiorne, Warw. near Chefterton. Asho- nier, Dcrb.near Milntown. Ashoiv^'Wavw. near S'onely. Ashpol, Lane, ntar Man- cheller. Aihprington, Devonf. N. of the river Har.-bone, near it's fall into the Dart. Ashpriors, Somerf. near Wivelf- comb. Ash Regis, or King's-Ash, DevonC. rear Tawton. Ashr'idge, Hertt". 3 miles from Beikhampltead. /f/Z'/^^, Surry, near Epibm-Wclls. Askton-Caiitloiv, or Can- tilupe, Warw. E.of Aulcefter. Askton^n- //'^-/^'<3//, Northamp. ncarChipping-War- den. Asht07i, Chefh. near Frodlham. Ash- ton, Che(h. near Kellal. Ashton, Chefli. rear Namptwich. Ashton, T)t\on{. 6 miles from Exeter. Ashton, Devonf. near Chum- Icigh. Ashton, Heref. near Orlton. Ash- ton, Eanc at tlie confluence of the Condcr and L'.ine, near the fea. Ashton, Lancaf, near Warrington. Ashton-Hail, near Lan- caftcr. Ashton, Northamp. near Grafton. Ashton, Northamp. near Peterborough. Ashton, Northamp in the paiifli of Oundle. Ashton, Shropf. near Wem, Ashtonf So» ASK merrcff. 1 miles from Glaftonbury. Ath' ton Chapel, Ch^fli. N. of theWeever, al- mofloppofite tol'iodfliam. Ashton Chapel, Line, in the parifh of Leigh. Ashton, E. and W. Hampf. near Wherwell. Ashton- IVefl, Wiltf. near N. Bradley. Ashton- Gifford, Wiltf. near Heytefbury. Ashton- Grange and Hall, Chefh. W. of Afhton- Chapel. Ashton in-Makerfield, Lane, near W, Darby. Ashton Keyus, 3 miles W. of Cricklade. Ashlon-Underhid, Glouc. near Sedgcbar-row. Ashton-under- Line, Lane. 6 miles from Manehclfer. Ashton-upon- Curran,r\tAX the vale of Evefliam. Ashurflf Lancaf. between Wigan and Ormlkiik. Ashixiater, Devonf. near Tavifrock. Ash- Kvell, Hertf. near Caldicot, on the borders of Cambridgefhire. Ash^juell, Northamp. 2 miles from Brackley. Ash~jjell, Rut- landf. on the W. Ash-n:ell-Thorp, Noif. near Wymondham. Ashxvick, Sonicrfctf. near Kilmerfden. Ashiuood, Staff, in the parifli of King's Swynford. Ashvjortb- Chapel, Lane. W. of Rochdale. ASIA, one of the four grand divlfions of the globe, is fituated between 25 and 180 degrees E. Ion. and extends nearly from the equator to the impenetrable regions of the Ar(5fic Pole. It is 474.0 miles in length, from the Dardanelles to the eaft- ern fhore of Tartary, and 4-380 in breadth, from the moft ibutiiern part of Mnlaeca, to Uie northern parts of Nova Zembla. Afia is bounded on the W. by the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, the Don, the Wolga, and an imaginary line ex- tending from 54. to nearly 80 degrees N. latitude; on the N. by the Frozen Ocean ; on the E. by the Pacific, and on the S. by the Indian Ocean. From the richnefs of it's foil, thedelicioufnels of it's fruits, the fragraneyand balfamic quality of it's plants, fpices, gums, &c. the quan- tity, variety, beauty, «!u1 value of it's, gems, the lincnefs of it's lilks and cottons, and the richnefs of it's metals, it has been confidered as the fineft quarter of the globe. It exhibits nearly evciy variety of anim:;!s. Alia contains, Siberia, Esliern and Wcflern Tartary, China, India with- in and without the Ganges, Thibet, Perfia, and the Tuikifli empire in Afia, whicli earn prebends Georgia, Tuicomania, Diar- beck, or Meibpotamia, Natolia, Palcf- tine, Syria, and part of Arabia. Asia Minor. See Natolia. AsiNARA,anifleof Sardinia, on theNW. AsiNDUM, a town of Andalufia. AsiTio, or AssEsi, a town in the Po}>e's territories, 66 miles N. ot Rome. Lat. 43. o. N. Ion. 12. 40. E. Ajk, Yorkf. near Richmond. Ajherf- •Tuvell, E, /row Bridport, AJkerton- C\:Jlle, Cuinb. ASS Cumb. near the Pias' Wall. AJiet, MIdcL near Pinner. AJkenv, Yorkf. near Bedal. Ajheyton, i6 iii'ilcs W. of Limerick. AJkham, Nott. a little N. of the Mark- hams. AJlham, Wtftrnorl. near Barron. AjkhamBryan, Kkhards, Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, Bi/liopfihorp. AJkham-HoJpital, Nott, 4 miles N. of Tuxforci. AsKERSUND, a fea-port of Sweden. As KRiGja town in the N.Ridingof Yorkf. 6 miles S. hy E. of York, and 192 N. of 3London. Lat. 53. 55. N. Ion. 1. o. W. ■' AJlahy, Yorkf. N. klding, near the E/k, S. of Miilgrave Caftle. AJlaby,Y oxkL N. Riding, near Pickering. Ajlac kby, or Afeby, Line. 2 miles S. of Folkingliam. Ajlackion, Norfolk, near Afl.wellthorp. AsOLA, a town of Brefciano in Italy. AsoLA,atown of Italy inTrevifano. AsoPH, called alfo Zabak, anciently the Paliis Mseotis, a fea between Europe and Afia, about 600 miles in circumference. It lies N. of the Bfick Sea, with which it communicates by th.e Strait of Catfa, the ancient Ciunnerian Bofphorus. AsopH, a di(hi6l of the Rufiian em- pire, bordei'ing on ihe Sea ot Afoph. It was ceded by tiie Turks in 1774, and fince that time, feveral towns have been built by the victorious Caiharine, one of which, CatharinL-nliafF, (that is, * the glory of Catharine,') is now the capital. The branch of the Don, on which Afoph the former capital (lands, is now fo choked with fand as fcarcely to admit the fmallelt veffcl. AJpale, S'.ifF. near Dcbenham. Afpatrkk) pronounced Sjjy ati y jCnmb.betwetnMary- port and Wigton. Aj'penden, Hertf. near Buntiiigford. Afperley, h\nc. nearSlcaford. Asp EROS A, a town of Romania, on the oalt of the Archipelago. . AJperJ/ieiej , Nonhumb. near the borders of Scotland. Afperton, Heref. near Stow- Chapel and Strtiton. Afplcy, Warw. near Tamworth. Afplcy., Siati'. 2 mihs SW. of S'andon. Afpley, Staff* near Penkridge. Afp'.ey Guife, B>;df. nearWooburn. Afpky- U'icljord, VVarw. near Tamford. Afpy, Line, a little N. of Ravendale. Assam, a country of Afia, bounded. on the W. by Bengal and Bootan, on the N. by the mountains of Thibet, and on the SE. and S. by Meckley. The river Bu- rampoocer flows tb.rough the whole length of it. It's capital is Gerghon. The na- tives are fond of the flefliof dogs. Almort every houftkeeper has an elephant ; they live comfortably, and as the king is ihe fole proprietoi of all the gold, filver, and other metals iound in this kingdom, they pay no taxes. The invention of gunpow- der is afcribcd to the Affamcfe. It was AST known in China and HIndooftan In very remote antiquity ; and in tlie code of Gcn- too laws, there is a prohibition of the ufe ot fire-arms; but, perhaps, tliefe fire arms v.ere only Ibme fort of miiTive todies, and the powder very fliort in ii's eflTeft of that whicii is made in later times. Adam lies between 91 and 96 degrees of E. Ion. and betvveeii 25 and 28 N. lat, AssANCALE, a town of Armenia, on the river Ares, 22 miles E. Erztrum. AJfelby, Yoikf. E. Riding, NW. of Howden. AjJ'enhy, Yorkf. near Thirfk. AsSENS, a fea-port of Funen i(!e. AJenton, Upper and Ncfha; Oxf. two hamlets near Henley. Ajii/igton, SufT. 3 miles NW. of Nayland. AJjlngton^ SulT. 3 miles NW. of Steyning. Assisio. See Asitio. As SOS, a fea port on a bay of NatoHa. Lat. 39. 32. N. ion. 26. 36. E, Assumption, a city, the capital of Paraguay. It ftands in a fertile country, and is populous. The air is wholeiome and temperate, and the trees are always green. It is feated on the river Paraguay, Lat. 26. o. S. Ion. 57. 40. W. AssYNT, a diftriii in Sutherland, Scot- land, mountainous, rugged, andfteril, but' containing plenty of lime-ftone and marble. Assyria, a country in Afia, celebrated in ancient hii^ory. It is one of the tarli- eft empires, and contained the provinces now called Diarbek, Curdiftan, and Irak} and involved, under it's dominion, when, at it's greateft extent, many other pro- vinces and kingdoms. Astrabat, a very handfome town of Aimenia in Afia, 3 miles from the river Aras, and 12 S. of Nakfivan. This is the only country that produces ronas, a root which dyes a beautiful red. Lat. 3S. 28. N. Ion. 45. 30. E. AfiC'Mon, Nott. near Binghanr. AJlati' /(7/z, Shropf. near Purflow. Aj}bury,C\\tih. 1 miles from Congleton. Ajhrby, Line. 3 miles E. of Ranby. Aferbey, Shropf. 4 miles SW. from Weftbury. Aficry, a river in Su(7;x. Ajlhorp, Line. 2 miles S, of Scampton. AsTi, a city of Montferrat in Italy. Afikkum, Mid. between Staines and Sunbury. Aftky, Warw. near Milverton. AJlky, Lane, between Leigh and Manchef- tcr. AJlky, Lane, near Liverpool. AjV.cy^ Shropih. near Hadnal. AJlky, Shropf. 3 miles from Bridgenorth. AfoLOxi. between Btirford and Whitney. AJioIIy, Oxf. 3 miles from Whitney. AJlo?j, Berkf. near Monies ford. ^OK-?o«-CV<[n'o«,01ou. near Tewke(bury. Aflon, Oxt, near Brair.picn. AJlon, Staff, near Birmingh:im. Ajlon, oc Ajjcrton, WJltfh.on'the Downs, near E. / and / AST and W. rvcrlcy. Afloii, Biickf. in the pniifli of Ivingo. Aflon^ C!\c(lurc, nunr iJiulwoilh. i-f/Zo;/, D.-rhyfli. in the High- Peak. Ajlon, Derli. near tlic Trent, to- wards Caltle-Dunnington. Ajhn, Derb. uear Mi>id!etcn-Parlc. y^y?o;7,'ll.rtf. near the river Beanc. Aflon, ileretonlfh. near Wignioi e. Ajloit, Hr-ref. between Luckton aml'Leoininlter.' Aj}on, Wiltf' near Ber- wick . AJlnn, WilUhlre, near Berwick St. John's, oil the S. fide o!" the county. AJlon, Shroplhire, near Shcliia}. Aflont Shrop- shire, a little E. of" Brampton. Afion, SliropC. near Olwcltiy, A^ilon, Shropf. a little NW. of Eiaiop's-Caftle., Aj%n, Shropl". near Newjiort. Ajhn, Staff, near Birmiugham. Ajhn, Hampi". near Kingf- wood iu the Ida ot Wight. Ajlon, Yorkf. 4 miles S. of Rotherhain. Ai}o?t- Abbots, Buckf. near Aylefbury. Ajhn, Worcef. ne.ir Campden. Ajhn-Blaiik, or ColdAf- on. Glouc. 6 miles from Stow, i.% from Glouccfter. Ajhn, or Cold-AJion, Glouc. 5milts from Bath, and 34 from Gloucefter. Jfion-Botterel, Shropl". E. of Brown-Cke- till. Ajionlyy, Cumb. between Carlifle and Langion. Afton-Cantlo'T.v, Warw. on the borders of Staffordlh. AJlon- Chapel, Staff, between Penkcridge and Tong-Caftle. Ajhji-Church, Sh.vopf. near Newport. Ajlo?! Clinton, Buckf. near Wcndover. Ajhn-Cold Buckf. near Aylef- bury. Ajhn-Cold, Derb. near Scarfdale. Ajhn.Ejve, Shrc?pf. NE. of Tenbury. JJion-tiaminlle, Lcic. near Sapcote. AJlon- Ingham, Herefordl'. near Newent. Ajlon- M3<:nru Wore. 6 miles from Perfhore. Jfon Middh, Oxford. 3 miles S. of Cbar- weli. Aihn North, Oxf. on the W. fide cf the CharwuU, oppofite to Somerton. Apn.Par--ua, Staff, near V/alfall. Apn- far-va, near Stafford. Aftofi-Pigot, Shiopf. near Cnirbury. Ajhn-Ro-zven, Oxf. near Adwci and Crowel. Ajhn-Rogers, Shropf. near Cliirbury. AJlon-Somcr-ville, Glouc. near C Mupden, 4 miles from Evefliam. A;hn-Sti;eple, Oxf. near Steeple-Barton and Heyford. Afton Steeple, Wiltf. in the road fro'm Sallftury to Bath. Ajhn-Sii- iei;.', Glouc. in the Vale of Everfliolm, 1. miles from Campden, AJio i-Tyrrel, B.-rk.'hire, near Abingdon. Ajhn, IVejx, Wilrf. rear Worwelfdown. AJlon-Wbeat- »■•:, Staff, between Lapley and Water Kit'-n. AJion -under -hill, Gloucefterfliire. 5 miles from Evefliam. AsTORCA, a pleafant town of Leon. AsTRABAD, a town of Perfia on the Cafpian Ses, aoo miles NE. of Ifpahan AstraCAN, a territory in Afi;itic Ruf- fi 1, or T.irtary, including the N. and part o! ih,' W. fide of the Cafpian Sea. AsrRACA.v, the capital of the above- ATA mentioned province, a large and poptilous city, is I'eated on an iflaiul formed by the river Wolga, 50 miles NW. of the Cafpi- an Sea. It is furronndt-d l)y ftrong walls, and has an excellent harbour, where the Europeans embark J'or Ptrfia. It is noted for having excellent fifli. It feldom rains here, but the river, on which it (lands overflows, like the Nile; a'nd when tha water is run off, the grals grows in Jefs than a month. From Aftracan to Teiki» on the fide of the Cafpian Sea, there are long marllics, which jiroduce a vaft quan- tity of fait, with which the Ruffians carry on a great trade. This city is fuppcftd to have been, in very early times, the gene- ral ftaplefor the ,produ6lions of Perfia, India, and Arabia. In the 14th century,, when the Venetians were in poffefiion ot" the trade of the Black Sea, they drew from this port, to their Itaple at Tanais, the Afiatic produftions, with which they fup- plied the fouthern parts of Europe, while the articles deligned for the norih, were conveyed partly along the Wolga, and partly by land- carriage, to Ladoga, on the Volkhouc, whence they were tranfported to Wifby, on the Ifle of Gothland. The def- tni6five expeditions of Tamerlane drove, tor fome time, the trade of Afiafi-om this channel to that of Smyrna and Aleppo \ and the difcovery of the pafl'age to India by the Cape of Good-Hope, gave, to a great part of it, quite a different route. Aftracan is ftlU reforted to by many na- tions, and it^s trade with India, Perfia, &c. is yet confiderable. It lies Soo miles SE. of Mofcow. Lat. 46, 22. N. Ion. 47- 40. E. Ajlrop-Wells, Northamp. near Banbury, in Oxfordf. much reforted to on account of the virtues of their waters. AsTURXAS, a province of Spain, 120 miles in length and ifom 20to45 in breadth; bounded on the W. by Galici '., on the N. by the ocean, on the E. and SE. by Bif- cay and Leon, and on the fcuth by Old CalHle and Leon. It is divided into two parts, Alfuria d'Oviedo, ar.d Afturia de Santiliana, and is mountainous and woody. It's wines and horfes are excelUnt, and it has mines 01 gold, lapis-lazuii, and ver- milion. AJlxdck, Yorkf. 5 miles NW.of Settle. AJlxwk, Hertf. near Buntingford. Aft- ivick, Bedf. near Bigglefwade, Aftnuick^ Buckf. near Newport. Apivardby, Line. 5 miles NW. from Spilby. Ajkvard'j, Line, among the Fens. Atacama, a harbour of Peru. Lat. o. 22. S. Ion. 70. 2C. W. There is a great defert of the name, and a chain of moun- tains which Separates Peru from Qu^ito. Atalana; A T H Atalaua, or Atalaya, a (own of Portu^Hel'e Eftremaduia, on an eminence, ,5 miles S. of Tomar, and 5 from the Tajo. Lat. 39. 25. N. Ion. 8. 15. W. Atayada, a river of Old Caftile. Atcham, 3 miles SE. of Shrewfbury. Atena, a town of Italy m Naples. Afford, Wiltf. near Chippenham. At- forton, Heref. near Wigmore. Ath, or Aeth, a Imall town of Hai- nault, on tiie Dender. Lat. 50. 35. N. Ion. 3. 44. E. Athboy, a town of Meath, in Leinfter. It is 3 miles SW. of Trim, and 28 NW. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 26. N. Ion. 7. 15. W. Alhelarton, Statf. neprPt-nkridge. Athel- bainjion, Dorl'etl'. E.of Puddleton, near the river Frome. Atkelney, Somerfetf. a river ifland, formed byaconjun£lionoftheThone with the Parret, a few miles belowTaim ten. *ATHENRY,a town of Galway, in Con- naught. It is 8 miles E. of Galway, and 91 W. ot Dublin. Lat. 53. 14. N, lon.9.zo.W. Athens, a town of Greece, Ctrlebrated for it's learning, it having been the prin- cipal academy of the Roman empire. It is now called Sctines, and contains about 15,000 inhabitants, who are of the Greek church, andfpeak acorrupt fort of Greek. It is now under the dominion of the Turks; but there are ftill many magnificent ruins, which fufficiently teftify it's former gran- deur. It is the capital of Livadia, and fituated in the Gulf of Engia, 100 miles NE. of Lacedemon, and 320 SW. of Con- ilantinople. Lat. 38. 5. N. Ion. z3. 57. E. Atherdee, a town of Louth, in Lein- fter, 34- miks NW". of Dublin. Lat. 53. 57. N. ion. 6. 50. W. Atherington, Dev- near North-Tawton. Atherley, or Adderley. ShorpLnemNewport. AxHERSTON.War.on the river Anker, 10 miles N. of Coventry. Mark, on Tuel. ATHERSTON-ONTHE-STOUR,agrcat cheefemarket, 3 miles from Stratford- upon-Avon: the fair in Sept. 19, is the greateft cheefe-fair inEngland . Mar. onTu. Atherton, Lane, near W. Derby. Ather- ton, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Athill, or Adle, Yorkf. W. Riding, near the Air. Athleague, in Rofcummon, Connaiight. * Ath LONE, a town of Ireland, moft pleafantly firuated on tlie large and beau- tiful river Shannon. P.irt of the town ftands in W. Meatii, on the Leinfter fide of the river ; the othtr part in Rofcom- jnon, on the Connaught fide ; thefe are joined by a long bridge of many arches, which is a prrand paf^ between the two provinces. Thougli Athlone is fo advan- tageoufly fituat'-d for trade and improve- ment, it yet remains, in many parts, a poor, ruinous, tiegledled, dirty-looking A T R place. On the bridge there are feme badly executed figures and infcriptions, celebrat- ing the (iJccefs of the arbitrary ElizHbeth of England, and relating how the rebels in her reign were executed, quartered, and their fculls, -Scc^ fluck upon poles about the country, and at Dublin Caltle, and every thing < with a blclling,' &c. brought into a ftate of the greateft profperity. How mucii of allegiance they owed her may be judged, when it is conlidtred that it was a law in her reign, that if any one killed ' a mere Irifhman,' he fliould be mul6led, or fined ; and what were the fruits of luch oppref- five laws, we find in the reigns of the un- happy Stuarts. It is 59 miles W. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 22. N. Ion. 8. 41. W. Athol, a mountainous diitriff of Pertli- fhire, containing fome fine lakes. Athos, or MoN'TE- Santo, a high mountain of Greece, on a peninfula to the S. of the Gulf of ConteflTa. It is inhabit- ed by a great number of Greek monks, v\li;j cultivate the olive and vineyards, and are carpenters, mafons, &c. leading a very auftere life, and living, many of them to a great age. It is 70 miles E. of Saloni- chi. Lat. 40. 30. N. Ion. 26. 20. E. *Athy, a neat little town of Kildare, in Leinfter, fituated on the river Barrow, through which the boats pafs by Carlow, to and from Waterford rivrr. It is 10 miles S. of Kildare, and 32 SW. of Dub- lin, from which city the grand canal, by one of its branches extends, and packets, or pafiage-boats, oafs between them daily through the whole extent fioth ways. Lat. 52. 58. N. Ion. 7. 37. W. Atlantic Ockan, an Immenfe fea, bounded on the E. by Europe and Africa, ajKl on the W. by America. Atlas, Great and Little, a chain of high mountains in Africa, extending frcm the Deltrt of Barea to the wefteri* coaft of Morocco. They are, inhabited almolt in every part, and are not of the height and magnitude afcribed to them by the ancients. From thel'e the Atlantic Ocean takes it's name; and from the fic- tion of Atlas carrying the world an his back, the name Atlas, applied to a book of maps of the different parts of the world, is derived. Ailovj, Derby fliire, near Afhborn. Atooi, one of the Sandwich Illands, about 10 leagues in length, fuppofed to contain about 30,000 inhabitants. Atre, a river in Cornwall, running |n"to the Tamer, near the hill of Bromwelly. ATRi,a town of Naples, fcated on a hill. Airim, Dorfct. near Bridport, Attenton, Nottingh. 2 miles NW. of Barton. At» terclife, Ytrkf. near SheiKekl. Atterton, E Lcic. A U B Lcic. between Wiilicrley and Upton. At- tinglon, near Worcefter. AttlreorOUGh, a town in Norfolk, 93 miles from London. It ftands in the road fro-m Tiietford to Nor>.vic!i, nbout \z miles from each, and was once a city, the capital of the county. Market on Tucfd. Altleborough, Warw. between Aidbury and HoreftSn. Attlebridge, Njrf. a littie S. of Aldciford. Atton, Shropf. a little NE. LfWoLloti. Attock, a river of Afin, which rifes in the Tartarian mountains, N. of Hin- dooftan, and pafling by Cabul, flows into the Indus. Attock, a city of Hindooftan Proper, on the E. bank, and near the mouth of the river Indus, i8o miles NW. of Lahore. Lat. 32. 27. N. Ion. 70. 36. E. j^/w/V/^,Yorkr.E.Riding,near the coaft, N. of Hornfey. At-tuooJ, near Woicefter. AvA, or Menaukiou, a large river of Afia, which rifes in Thibet, crofles the kingdoms of Burmah and Pegu, and falls into the Bay of Bengal, by feveral mouths, about lat. 16. N, AVA, a large city in India, the capital of Burmah. It is feated on the river Ava. The ftreets are very ftraight, and the houfes are built with teek. planks and bamboos. It is 1150 miles E. of Calcutta. Lat. 21. o. N. Ion. 96. 30. E. Ava, or Burmah, a territory on the E. fide of the Gulf of Bengal, bounded on theN. by Thibet ; on the W. by Bengal and Aracan ; and on the S. and E. by Pe- gu. It abounds with mines ot filver, cop- per, and lead, and the elephants and horfes are numerous. Ava, or Ama, a kingdom and city of JApan, in the iflan.d of Xicoco, or Sicock, between tliofe of N iphon and Bongo. Al fo a kingdom in Japan, in the peninfula of N iphon. AvALON, an ancient town in thedept. of Yonne. It carries on a confiderable trade, and is furrounded by hiils covered with fine vineyards. It is 2.0 miles SE. of Auxerre. Lat. 4.7. 30. N. Ion. 3. 52. E. AvOLON.a peninfula otNevvioundland. AuBf, a department of France. It takes it's narr.e from a confiderable river, which, paffing by Bar-fur-Auhe and Ar- cis, falls into the Seine near Nogent. AUBKNAS, a town in thedept. of Ar- deche. It has a, manufafture ot cloths of Spanish wool and of red cotton, in imi- tation of Indian handkerchiefs. Befides corn and wine,it'sdirtriil produces truffles, oranges, figs, olives, chefnuts, (which are fent to Paris) and walnuts. The mul- Kerry-tree fucceeds perfeftly v.ell here. They wind chsfilk by a machine, invented A U D by Vaucanfon, which confifts of 3 wheels, turned by a canal brought from the Ar- deche: thel'c wheels move 36 looms, each confining of 6 double rows of fpindles in the length of 15 feet. Aubenas, is feated on ihe river Ardiche, at the foot of the CeveniHs, nearly 2 mi/cs from the mineral waters of Vaiz, and 15 NW. of Viviers. Lat. 4./|., 40 N. Ion. 4.. 50. E. AuBiGNV, a fmall town in the dept. of Cher, feated in a fine plain, on the river Nerve. Jt is 24. miles N.of Bourges. Lat. 47. 20. N. Ion. 2. 20. E. AUE/N,a feaport of thelfle of Jerfey. AuEiN-DU-CoRiViiER, a town in the dept. of Hie and Vilaine, 10 miles E. of Rennes. Lat. 48. 15. N. Ion, i. 23. W. AuBONNE, a handfome town in the canton of Bern, on ariver of the fame name, 10 milts VV. of Lauianne. Lat. 46. 30. N. Ion. 6. 18. £. Aubrey, or Ambrofe, St. Netting, near Hareby. Auburn, Line, near Boothby. Auburn, a town of Wiltihirc, near RamfiDury, on a branch of the Kennet, 8 miles NE. of Marlborough, and 81 W. of London. Lat. 51. 31. N. Ion. i. 32. W. It had 72 dwelling- houfes, to the value of 20,oooi. deftroyed by fire, in 1760. Mar- ket on Tuekiay. AUBUSSON, a town in the depart, of Creufe. It is a populous trading place," has a manufactory of tapeftry, and i;* feat- ed on the river Creufe, 37 miles NE. of Limoges. Lat. 45. 58. N. Ion. 2. 15. E. . AucAUGREL, a town of Africa, capi- tal of the kingdom of Adel, feated on a mountain. Lat. 9, 10. N. Ion. 44.. 25. E. AucH, a town in the dept. of Gers, feated on the fummit and declivity of a hill, at the foot of which runs the river Gers. A few years ago, it was very ill built, but it has been adorned lately with many modern ftru6lures. They have ma- nufaftories of velvet, fcrges, crapes, hats, and leather. It is 37 miles W. of Tou- loufe. Lat. 43. 39. N. Ion. o. 40. E. Auchterarder, Perthftiire, near Ochil- Hills. Auchtermiickty, Fitefliire. Auate, or Aulcote, Warw. near Polefworth. AuDE, a dept. ot France. It receives it's name from a river, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and flowing by Qu^illan and Limoux, falls into the Mediterranean be- low Narbonne. Audlem, Chef, near Namptwich. And' ley, Oxf. near Thame. Audley, Staff. 4 miles from Newcattle-under-Line. Audhy, Devonf. near Littleham. Audley, Shropf. near Bridgenorth. A'.'dlfy-End, Elfex, i mile S. from Saffron Walden. Attdlry-Road, on the coall of the county of Down, in Ulfter; is a part ot Strang- led AVE ford Bay on the W. fide, where ih'ps may lie fafely. Audley-CajUe, built on a pro- montory, commands a profpeit oi the whole lake ol Strangford. Audrey Camb. en the N. fide of tlie Oule, in the lile of Ely. Audrey, Somerl". near Wefton-moor. AvEiRO, or Bragan'^aNova, a town of Beira, on tlie lake of V'ouga. It has a good harbour, 30 miles S. of Oporto. Lat. 40. 40. N. Ion. 8. 30. W. AvEiROK, a depart, of France. It is named from a river whicli riles near Se- verac-!e-Chateau, and flowing by Rhodez and Villefranche, falls into the Garonne below Montatiben. Aveley^ Upper, Shropf. E. of the Severn, oppofite Higky. A-veley, Shropf. near BriJgtnorth. Aveley, ElTcx, 20 miles from London, on the road to Tilbury Fort. Ayellino, a town, 25 miles NE. of Naples, almoft ruined by an earthquake, in 1694. A-venage, Gloucef. a hamlet to Bilfley. Avenbury, Heref. on the river Frome, near Bromyard. AvENCHE, a town in the canton of Berne ; it was formwly the capital of SwilTerland. but is now greatly decayed. It is 15 miles W. of Berne. Lat. 46. 50. N. Ion. 6. 52. E. Avening, Gloucef. near Tedbury and Minchinghampton. Auerharn, Nott. be- tween Southwell and Newark. Auerley, Wiltfhire, near Pewfey, AvENTiXE Mount, one of the hiils on whicli Rome ftands. Aver NO, a lake of Terra di Lavoro, Naples, in a narrow valley, 2 miles long and I broad. Before Auguftus caufed the woods round it to be cut down, it was unhealthy; and the poets defcribed the ef- fluvia arifing from the lake, to be of fo noxious a quality, as to prove fatal to the birds that attempted to fly over it. There is a cavern near it, which they called Aver- nus, or Cave of the Sybil ; and through this, they feigned, that there was a defcent to the regions of Pluto. AvERSA, a town in a fine plain, 8 miles N.of Naples. Lat. 40. 59. N. ion. 14. 20. E. A,Nori', near Hempfted. Bacoiifihorp, Norf. near Buckenham. Bacup-Booth, Lane, near the ri\'er L-we!l. Badajoz, a city of Spain, capital of Eifremadura. It Ifands on an eminence, on the S, fide of the Guadiana, over whicli there is a bridge 700 paces long and 14 broad, bnilt by the Romans. It is 175 mil;s S. by W. of Madrid. Lat. 3S. 32. N. Ion. 6. 50. W. B-adbui-y, DorietG, Badbury, near Nor- wich. Badbiiry, Wiltf. N. of Aldeburn- chafe, Badby, Northanip. between Cattf- by and Daventry. Baddeley, Chefli. 2 miles from Namptwich. Baddcfiey, Hampf. NE. of Rumfey. Baddcfley-S'outk.,ll2im^C. near Lymington. Baddejhvorth, Yorkf. 4 miles from J)on8 of the country ; the communication is kept up by a bridge oi boats. About halt of it's inhabitants are Mahometans ; tlie rt-ft are chiefly Chriftians and Jews. It's irade is confi- derablt-, being annually vifited by the Smyrna, Aleppo, and Weittrrn caravans. It was the c;ipital of the Saracen empire, till taken by the Turks in the thirteenth century. It is 250 miles N. by W. of Baflora. Lat. 32. 20. N. Ion. 43. 52. E. Bagc/ider/y, Line. 6 miles NW. of Spihby. Bagmdo)!, Glouc. 3 miles from Cirencerter. Baggeley, Shropl. between Wem and OfwcHree. Baggington, Warw. 4 miles SE. of Coventry. BaggofsHope, Sliropf. at the foot of S'itterllones Hill. Baghurjl, Hampf. E. of Kingfclear. Bag- lake, Weft, Dorfetfliire, in the parifh of Longbridy. Baglana, orBocKLANA-, a country of Hindooftan, in the Deccan, extending from the Surat river to Poonah, havir.g Guzerat to the N. Candeifli and Dowla- tabad to the E. and SE. and the Gauts mountains to the S. Bagley U'oou, Bcrkfliire, a miles up the river, above Abingdon. Bagmermere, Chefli. I mile SW. of Congletun. Bag- vallCkapel, Staff', near Hilton- Abbey and the fburce of the Trent. BagnaVs-Arms, BagnaV s-Br'ulge, and ^agnal s-To'wn, ail in the county of Car- low, in Leinller, between 40 and 50 milcS from Dublin. Bagn'ara, a fea-port of Calabria, 8 miles S. of Palmi. In this town 3017 j)eoj)le~ perirtied by the dreadful earth- quake, in 1783. Lat. 38. 15. N. Ion. 16. i!. E. Bagnarea, a town of Italy, in the pope's territories, 5 miles S. ot Orvieto. Lat. 42. 36. N. Ion. 12. 28. E. BAcr^ERES, a tswn in the dept. of the Upper Pyrerees, near f^ie lource of the ri- ver Adour, at the foot of the Pyrenees. It ii much frequented on account of it's hot n^ineral waters. It is 10 miles SE. of Tarb. Lat. 43. 3, N. ini. o. 12. E. BAGNIALACK,0rBANJALUKA,3tOWn nf Bofnia, 50 miles NE. of Spalatro. Lat. 44. 24. N. !on. 17. 10. E. Bagnols, a town in the dept. of Gard, near the river Cefe (in the bed of which fomc gold fand is found) S miles S'W. of Pont St. Eiprit. Lat. 44. 10. N. Ion. 4. 43. E. Bagyror, Berkf. 2 miles from Newbury. Bagpaih, Glouc. near Berkeley. Bagra've, Leicc. bctv.'een Hungertcn and Crawiion. Bag'ha'w, Derb. in the Higii-Peak. * Bag SHOT, between Staines and Hart- B A I l^.Row, 7 miles from Windfor. Bag- fhot-Heath, extending many milts in Berkd). and Hampfli. is very defert and barren, producing little but lurze. Bagthorp, Norf. 7 miles W. of Wal- finghani. Bagtiorp, Nott. near Mansfield. Baguleigh, Chcfli. between Aliringham and Stockpoi t. Bag-wartb, near Leicef- ter. Bahama, or Lucaya Islands, fitu- ated to the S. ot Carolina, between 22 an;i 27 degrees ot N. latitude, and 73 and 81 of W. loneitude. They extend along the coaft of Florida to the Ifle of Cuba, and are faid to be 300 in number, moftly mere rocks ; but 1 2 of them large and fer- tile: Pi evidence, one of the leait of thefe, is reckoned the melt valuable. They are held by the Englifli, who have introduced the cotton feed here from Georgia, which is found to be well adapted to the Ibil and climate. The quantity of cotton they ex- ported, in 1792, was 5047 bales, weigh- ing 1,162,822 pounds. Bahar, a country of Hindooftan Pro- per, hounded on the W. by Oude and AU Isiiabad ; on the N. by Nafiaul and Oudej on the E. by Bengal ; and on the S. by Bengal and Onlfa. It is fubje6l to the Engiifh Ea(t India company, and moft of the faltpetre they export is manufaftured in this province, of which Patna is the ca- pital. Baheren, or Bahrein, a town and illanJ. in the Gulf of Perfia, noted for it's peP.rl ftfhery. Lat. 26. 10. N. Ion. 49. 5. E. Bahus, or Bonus, a town of Sweden, capital of a government of the lame name. It ftands on a rock in an ifland, lo miles N. of Gottenburg. Lat. 57. 52. N. Ion* II, 42. E. Baja, a populous town of Hungary, on the Danube, 35 miles NE. of Eficck. Lat, 46. 10. N. Ion. 18. 58. E. Baia, a town of Naples, once famous for it's iiot uatlis and elegant palaces. Baikal, a great lake in Siberia, in which it is faid there aie feals of a blackifli colour, and fturgcons of an immenfe fize. Baileul, a town in the dept. of the North, 9 miles SW. of Ypres. Lat. 50. 45. N. Ion. 2. 55. E. Bai/ejj, Buckf. between Stough and Sahhili. BnUham, Suff. near Nettlelled. Batilieborcugh, in the county of Cavan, Ullier, 4-? miles from Dublin. Baik-Gonga, a large river of Hindoo- ftan, which riling near the fouth bank of the NcrSudda, runs fouthward through Btrar, and after a courfeof near400 miles, unites with the G:)davciy within the hills, that bound the Britilh Northern Circars. Baini B A L Bai/ii Brig, Yorkf. near S^valefdale Fa- reft. Baire, Line, near Hcifbank Pairage, over the Leven Sands. Baits, CheHi. E. of the branch of the Merl'ey that runs S, into the Dee. Baits-Crofs, Northumb. within tlie bounds of Berwick. Bake, Cornw. in the parilh cf St. Germains. Bakewell, a town in Derbyfhire, among the hills on the NW. fide of the Peak. It is feated on the river Wye, near it's influx into the Derwent, 20 milis, NNW. of Derby, and 151 from London. Lat. 53. 15. N. Ion. i. 4a. Market on Monday. Baku, a town of Perfia, in the pro- vince of Schirvan ; the ruoit commodious haven of the Cifpian Sea, on the W. coalt of which it is fituated, 300 miles S. of Aftracan. Lat, 40. 2. N. ion. 49. 15. E. Bala, a town of Merionethfhire, ft-attd on the lake of Bala, or Pemblemere, which is 4 miles in length, and i in breadth, and abounds with a iifh called a guinard, re- fembling a faimon in (hape, and in tafie a trout. The river Dee, noted for faimon, runs through the lake. This town car- ries on a coniiderable ti'ade in knit wool- len (lockings. It is 36 miles from Holy- well, and 195 NW. of London. Lat. 52. 50. N. Ion. 2. 35. W. Market on Satur- tiay. Balagat, or Balla-Gaut, a coun- try in the D.ccan, confifting of a valt ex- tent of fertile and populous plains, ex- tending along a ftupendous wall of moun- tains, called the Gauts. It is fubje6t to the Poonah Mahrattas, and extends through their territories and the Peninfula, to the S. extremity of the kingdom of Myfore. See Gauts. Balaguer, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, on the river S;rgra, 63 miles NW. of Barcelona. Lat. 41. 55. N. Ion. o. 44. E. Balam, Surry, between Camberwell and Clap ham. Balaruc, a town in the dept. of He- rault, famous for its baths. Balasore, or Jellasore, a fea-port on the NW. of tlie Bay of Bengal, 4 miles from the Tea by land, but 20 by it's river. The inhabitants make ihiffs of fdk, cotton, and a fort of grals. The adjoining counuy is very fertile, and fi(h is very plentiful. It is 104 miles SW. of Calcutta. Lat. 22. o. N. ion. 87. ». E. Balbastro, a town of Spain, in Ar- rngoii, on the river Vero, 40 miles NE. of Saragoffa. Lat. ^i. 50. N. Ion. o. 27. E. Balbec, the ancient Heliopoiis, a town of Syria, at the foot of Mount Libanus. The magn.ficent remains of the once ta- B A L mous Temple of t!ie Sun in this city, though mutilated and deformed by the Tnrkilh minarets, houies, mofques. See. made up of the ruins, difpliy tiie boldell plan that ever was attempteil in architec- ture. Balbec is chiefly inhabited by Chriftians of the Greek church, and is 37 miles N. of Damafcus. Lat. 34. 22. N. Ion. 37. 22. E. *Balbriggen, a fea-port of the coun- ty of Dublin, in Ltintter, 15 m.iles from the metropolis, or city of Dublin. Balby, Yorkfhirc, near Doncafter. Balcan-a, in the county of Mayo, in Connaught, 115 miles fiom Dublin. Balch, or Balk, a town and diftrift of Ulbtck Tartary. Bal^omb, Suffex, E. of HoicHiam. Bahkn March and Balden 'Toot, two villages NE. of Oxford. Balderfl'y, Yorkf. near Thirflc. Baldertcn, Nott, near New- ark. Balderton, Lane, near Blackburn. Balj£r-u;ood- Lodge, Hainpfii. in the New Foreft. Baldivia, or Valdivia, a fea-poit of Chili, in S. America, between the ri- vers Callacalles and Portero, where they fall into the S. Sea. Lat. 38. 18. S. Ion. 73. 20. W. Baldock, a pretty large town in Herts, feated between the hills, in a chalky foil fit for corn J is chiefly of note for it's trade in malt. It is 9 miles from Barkway and Royfton, and 38 NNW. o; London. Lat. 52. 2. N. Ion. o. 5. W. Market on Thuii. Bnldox Fee, Hampf. W. of the Bay of Southampton, oppofitc Redbiidge. Bali, an ifland, forming the E. fide of the Straits of Bali, or Java, through which the E. India (hips lometimes return fr ^m China. The ifland is populous, and abounds in rice and all forts of fruits. The inhabitants are Pagans, and much addi6led to war : they are of a black, or very dark complexion. Lat. 7. 10. S. Ion. 115. 50. E. Balinagay, in Galu-ay, 83 miles from Dubliu. Balititra, in Roicommon, S3 miles from Dublin, both in Connaught. Ba/kifig, Berkfli. near Ofnug;on aiid Shircvenham. Balkington, Dr.rletf. in the Ifle of Purbeck, near Warbarrow Bay. Ball, in Mayo, Connaurh*, 107 milts from Dublin. Baliagkadirren, in M;'.yo, Connaught, 89 miles from Dublin. Bal- laghneed Inn, in Tyrone, UKier, 78 miles from Dublin. Ballaghy, in Siigo, Con- naught, 20 miles S.ot tijigo, and 105 from Dublin. Lat. 53. 48. N. Ion. 8. 55. ^V. Ballaghy, in Mayo, Connaught, 97 miles from Dublin. BaUap^by, in LondondLrry, Ullter, 91 miles from Dublin. Ballomoiiot B A L Bitllamano, a village in tlie Ifle of Man, near Caftlctown. BidUiffiiere, in Sllgo, Connaught, loo miles from Dublin; here is i watertail. - Ballendon, Buclcl'. near Anierfliam. Ballengarj, in Kerry, Munller, at the month of the Shannon, near Ardfert. Ballcs, Hertf. in little Ainwell. Bai- ley S alley, a village in the Kle of Man, 5 miles from Caftletown. Ballhill, Devoni. near Hart land. BallLiare, in Antrim, Uifter. Balli- clogh, in Cork, Manlier, Bnllidon, D.-rbylhire, near Wirkef- xvorth. Bnlliduan, Wejl, in Clare, Munfter. Ballihan.fs, in Mayo, Connaught. Balli- Itague, in Rol'common, Connaught. *Bai-limore, in VVellmeath, Leinlfer, midway between Muliingar and Athlone, 50 miles from Dublin. * Ballina, or Belleejc, in Mayo, Connaught, 14. miles N. of CalUcbar, and 120 from Dublin. Lat. 54. +. N. Ion.. 9.. 10. W. ' BnlHnacargy, in Weftmeath, Leinfter, nearly 46 miles from Dublin. BalliHaca- iigg, in Cavan, Uifter. Ballinachora, near Jwiiddletown, in Cork, Munfter. Ballvia- fad, in Rofcommon, Connaught. BalH- nafad^ in Sligo, Connaught, abovit 88 miles from Dublin. Ballhuigar, in King's County, L;-in!ur, 41 miles from Du.blin. Ballwagh, in Cavan, Uifter. BaUinalack, in W. Meath, Leinfter, nearly 48 ir.iks from Dublin. Ballinc.mullard, in Ferma- nagh, Ullrer. Ballinamore^ in Galway, Connaught, 84 miles from Dublin. Bal- hnnnnght, in Cavan, Uifter, 54 miles from Dublin. *Ballinasloe, a village in Rofcom- mon, Connaught, near 72 mi'es trom Dub- lin, remarkable fur it's great lairs ot wool, cattle, &c. Bidlina'var, in Cork, Munfter. BalUn- dare, in Kerry, Munfter. BaHindaggin, in Mivo, Connaught, nearly 100 miles < from Dublin. B.dlinderrj, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Balliyidcrry, in Antrim, Uifter, 73 miles from Dublin. BaMindrait, in Donegall, Uifter, 104 miles from Dublin. Ballingcirry, in Limerick, Munfter, izi miles trom Dublin. Balli/igarrycramey, in Limciick, Munfter. Ballhigha/n, fleref. SE. of Aconbiiry. ■' dlington, ?"{]'<:■;:, N\V, of Sudbury. Ballutlough, in the parlfh of Anahilt, Down, Uifter. Balimlough, in Rofcom- iuon, Connaught, 90 nilks from Dublin. r..il!'niphetjc, in Coi k, Munfter ; here is a ! :l;)hureous clialybcate water. ' i^ALLiNROBE, a town of Mayo, ui B A L Connaught, 112 miles From DubJin. Lat 53. 40. N. ion. 9. TO'. W-^ Balliiifpidk', in. Cork, Munfter. Ballin- tobher, in K(;icouunon, Connaught, 78 miles from Dublin. Bcdlintogher, in Sligo, Connaught. BaHlntoy, on a bay in An- trim, Ulller,. 150 miles from Dublin. Coals are raifcd here. Balintra, in Done- gall, Uifter, nearly 106 miles from Dub- lin. Bcjllinroony, in Cork, Munfter. Ballogistan, Little, a country of Delhi, in Hindooftan, bordering weftward on the country of the^Sciks, and approach- ing to the N. of Mcwar. It's extremity is about 24 miles W. trom Delhi. It is about 80 miles long, and trom 20 10-30 broad. It is rugged, being full ot ravinds, and the iniiabitants are favage and cruel. Ballric'iian, a pleafant peninfida, ia Louih, Ullter ; in which are remaining evident marks of a druid's grove or dwell- ing, fuppoftd to have been the liipreme Jjeat of the drew, or arch-druid. * Ballybay, in Monaghan, Ulftdi", 53 miles from Dublin. Ballybeacon, in Waterford, Munfter. Ballybegy in Curk, Munfter. Ballyl-eggan, in Kerry, Munfter, z niiles E. byTSl. trom Tralee. Ballybofey, in Donegal, Uifter, ir3 miles from Dublin. BaUybogan, \n Meath, Li;inftcr. Ballyhough Bridge, one mile from, Dublin, Leinfter, on an arm, or creek of the bay. *Bally30Y, a town in the King's county, Leinller, 56 miles from Dublin. Balybriitas, in Qjjeen's county, Leinfter, 33 miles from Dublin. Ballybrood, in Limerick, Munfter. Bitllycam Bay, near Kiilough, in Bov'n, Uifter. Ballycanoey in Wexford, Leinllt-r, 4 miles from Gorey, end 49 fi-om Dublin. Ballycarney, in Wexford, Leinfter. Bailysarry, in An- jrim, Uifter, 92 miles from Dublin. Bal- lycaJJiedy, on the E. fide of Lough Earne, in Fermanagh, Uifter, 83 miles from Dub- lin. Ballycaphi, in Waterford, Munfter. * Ballycastle, a fea-port town of . Antrim, in Uifter, about 30 miles N. of Carrickftrgus, and 113 from Dublin. It is noted for ii's adjacent colleries, and near it there is a chalybeate fpring. Ballycka-ve, in Kerry, Munfter. Bal- lycleriban, in Tipperaiy, Munft&i. -^fi//)"- dotigb, in Cork, Klunlter, one mile from Maliow. *Ballyconnel, in Cavan, U'fter, 67 miles from Dublin, and 1 1 NW. of Cavan, Bail) Copland, in Down, Uifter. Bally- cotton, a village, iftand, and bay of Cork, in Munfter, 4 miles from Cloyne. Bally- co-jccji, in King's county Leinfter. Bally- cumber, in K's county, Ltinfter, about 51 nuks B A L miles from Dublin. Ballydargan, in Down, Ullter. Ballydehob, iuCoj-k, Man- lier. -EalljdefniGnd, now called Ballydfoi- iin, a caltie in the county of Cork, Mun- fter, on a rock projecting into the i'ca. Bal- f Ijdgugan, in Down, Ulfter, S. oi Holly- niouiit, on the verge or' Lake Strangt'ord. Ballyforafiy in Rol'comnion, Coi. naught, 71 miles from Dublin. Balljgamboon, in Kerry, Munfter, p;-oduces large quantities of cyder. Balljgaiu/y, in Tyrone, Ul- lier, 74. miles from Dublin. Balijgobhin, fee Bantry, Ballygoreen, in Cork, Mun- Ifer. Ballygunnery in Waterford, Mun- fter. Bailyhack Ferry, in Wexford Lein- Iter, 91 miles from Dublin. Ballyhainert, in Down, Ulfter, S6 miles from .Dublin. BallyhaJJlk, in Cork, Munfter. *BALLyHAUNis,inMayo, Connaught, 93 miles from Dublin. Ballyba-uen Road, near Strangford Bay, Down, Ulfter. Ballyhays, in Cavan,' Ul- fter, 57 miles from Dublin. Ballyhean, in Mayo, Connauglit. Ballyl-een, in Cork, Munitcr. Balljheigk B.iy, coalt of Kerry, " Munftei'. BaUyhenry Hoad, in Strangford Bay, Down, Ulfter. Ballyhib-uck.. in^Kil- kenny, Leinfter. Ballyhigbland, iii Cavan, Ulfter. Bailyhinch, in Kilkenny, Lein- fter. Ballykolm Bay, coaft of Down, Ul- fter,betweenCarrickfergus and the Copland Iflands. Ba'lyhooly, in Cork, Munfter, plea.'antly iituatcd on the Blacic.vater, in a uocdy country, 11 1 miles from Dublin. Bally James-Duff, in Cavan, Ulfter. Bal- lykflij, in Londonderry, Ulfter, 125 miles •from Dublin. BaUyh't, in Clare, Mun- fter, 14.1 miles from Dublin. Ballylag- han, inMiiyo, Connaught, no miles from Dublin. Ballylej/ion, in Wattrford, Mun- fter. BallyloKgford, in Kerry, Munfter, 128 miles from Dublin. Bally macandrin, in Kilkenny, Leinfter, 59 miles from Dublin. Ballymagory, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Ballymagon-vran, in Cavan, Ulfter. * Ballymahon, a town of Longford in Leinfter, 52 miles from Dublin. Lat. 53. 31. N. Ion. 7. 58, W. Ballimalce Cajlle, in Cork, Munfter. Ballymalony, in Clare, Munfter, 92 miles from Dublin. Bally mains Caflle, on the river Lane, in Keiry, Munfter. Bally, money, in Kildare, Leinfter. Bally;jia(t- lagh, in. Tipperary, Munfter, 91 miles from Dublin. Bcdlymafcanlayi, in Louth, Leinfter, 4.4. miles from Dubiiii. Bally- megarry, in Tyrone, Ulfter, 104 miles from Dublin. *BALLyMENA, a town of Antrim, in Ulfter, 20 miles N\V. of Belfaft, and 93 N. of Dublin, Lat. 54.. 52. N. Ion, 6. 30. W. 'Ballvmoney, in Galway, Con- B A L naught. Bally fnojiey, a town of Antrim, in Ulfter, 107 miles from Dublin. Lat, 55. 4. N. Ion. 6. 50. W. Ballymore, a fmall- town, in Weft Meath,Xeinfter, 4.7 miles W. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 27. N. Ion. 7. 40. W. Ballymorcen, in Tipperary, Munfter, 68 miles from Dublin, Ballymorc Euflace, on the Liftey, abour 17 miles from Dub- lin. Ballymote, in Galway, Connauglii:, ' Bollymidlalon, in Rofcommonj Connauglit, 64 miles' from Dublin. Ballymurry, in Rofcommon, Connaught, 69 miles from Dublin. Ballyynurtogh, in Wicklow, Lein- fter. Ballyna, in Mayo, Connaught, 115 miles from Dublin. Lat. 54. 4. N, Ion. 9. 10. W. Ballynacargy, in Cavan, Ul- fter, 131 miles from Dublin. Ballyna- carro'W, in Sligo, Connaught. Ballyna~ clajje?!, in'Cork, Munfter. Ballynadujby in Carlow, Leinfter, 2 miles iroin Rath- drum. Baliynaganny, in Meath, Lein- fter, 40 miles from Dublin. Ballynahaf- fack, in Cork, Munfter. Ballynaho^witt in Weft Meath, Leinfter. *Ballynahinch, in Down, Ulfter, nearly 76 miles from Dublin. Bally nakelly, in Cork, Munfter. *Ballynaicill, a town in Queen's county, Leinfter, 48 miles S W. of Dublin. Lat. 52. 49. N. Ion. 7. 15. W. ^^ Ballynamara, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Ballyjiamona, in Cork, Munfter, 137 milej from Dublin. Ballyna?!wre, in Galway, Connaught, 74 miles from Dublin. Bnl- lynaries, in Down ; fee Dromore. Bally- najkeligs, a village and bay of Kerry, Munfter. Ballynajloe ; fee Balltnajloc. Ballynafpeg, or BiJIiop" s Ton.vii, z milecsW. of Cork, Munfter. Ballynntray, in Wa- terford, Munfter. Ballyneety, in Lime- rick, Munfter, 169 miles trom Dublin. Bidlynegalga, in Down ; lee Dro;':ore. Ballynegall, in Limerick, Munfter, near Kilmallock. Ballynekill, 1 mile E. of Wa- terford, Munfter. Ballyngiiile, in Cork, Munfter. Ballyntobber, in Cork, Munftei-, nearKinfale. Ballynure, in Antrim, Ul- fter, nearly 91 miles from Dublin. Bal- lyn'ureney. in Limerick, Munfter. Bally- onan, in Kildare, Leinfter. Bally port: en, in Tipperary, Munfter, nearly 97 miles from Dublin. Ballygragget, in Kilkenny, Leinfter, nearly 50 milts from Dublin. Ballyroait, in Qu^cen*S county, Leinfter, 44 miles from Dublin, antl about 5 fiom Maryborough. Bal/yroney Lake, in Dory. Lat. 2. 40. S. Ion. 113. 40. E. Banninghnm, Noriblk, near Erpingham. Bankkall, Lane. N. of Liverpool. Bankmorey a land bank, i mile S. of Portafeny Harbour, in Down, Ulfter. Banlakan, in Cork, Munlter. £/2-'/w>fr-/;^?//,Nortlunnb.near Morpeth. Bannockburn, a village of Stirlingfhire, memorable for a battle, fought June 25, 1314, between the Englifli and Scots, wherein the former were totally defeated. Bannow, and Bannow-Bay, 10 miles SW. of Wexford. Lat, 52. 5. N. Ion. 6. 50. W. Ba?wn, a fmall river in Pembrokefliire. Bcknjhrook, EiTtx, near Finchingfield. Banjhcid, a village of Surry, 13 miles from London, noted for an abundance of walnut-trees, but more for it's neigh- bouring downs, which are fniooth, like a carpet, being covered v\'ith fhort herbage, perfumed with thyme and juniper, which makes the mutton of this place very fweet. The downs form a tra^ of 30 miles, ex- tending BAR trnilintr, under clincicnt denominations, fiuMi Croydon to Fainhain. JiANTAM, :i town, witli a good har- hoiir, on tlic NW. coaft of Java, capital of a kin;^clom of the fame name. It was once poj)iili)iis and fluurifliinp, but is now poor and reduced. The iinplifh and Danes had fai^oiies here till 1682, whtn they were expelltd by the Dutch, who have allbdcpofcd the kings of the ancient race, and fiitRr nothing to be done here but what they pleal'e : the produce is peppei*, of which they, exchitivcly, export great quantities, not fuffering any other Euro- peans to have a tooting here. Lat. 6 . 20. S. ion. T05. 26. E. Banton, B anion Kti'k; and Banton Pi^.r- va, Wcltniorland. *Bantry, a barony, town, harbour, and bay of Cork, Munfter. The barony is very large, but barren and dcfolaie : the bay, 2^ miles long, a league broad, and in the middle 40 fathoms deep, is one of the fined in the world, being capable of holding all the fliipping of Europe; the town is feated at 'he bottom of the bay, about ^o miles SW. cf Cork, and 164.SW. of Dublin. Lat. 51 . 30. N. Ion. 9. i6. W. Baii^i'jel, Somerf. near CInirchill. Bapau.me, a town in the dept. of the Straits of Calais, 11 miles nearly S. of Arrat. La-. 50. 8. N. Ion. 2. 45* E. BapcliU, Kenr, between Sittinbourne and Oifspringe. Baptkorp, Yorkf. E.Rid- ing, on the Dei'wtrnt, near it's conftux with the On;e. Baptcn, Wiltl". near Bad- hampton. "Bar, Magna d^nA Par'va, Staff, near Wallall. BaPv, a town of Poland, in Podolia, on the river Bog, 4.0 miles NW. of Brack- law. Lat. 49 14. N. Ion. 28. 20. E. Bar, or the Earrois, a territory of France, lying on both fides of th^ Meufe, now forms the department of the Meufe. Ba r , a narrow pafl'ige in Italy, between the valley of Anfta and Piedmont. Bar.-lc-Duc, a town in the dept. of the Mfuie, fe«ted on the fide of a hili, and divided inio the upper and lower town j the la'ter is watered by the rivulet Orney, in which are very fine trouts. Their wine is excellent. It is 35 miics NW. of Nan- cy, 27 of Toul, and 138 E. of Paris. Lat. 48.45. N. Ion. 5. 20. E. Bar-sur- AUKU, an ancient town in thedept.of Aube, (the ci-devant Cham- pagne) noted for it's wines. It is feated a^ the foot of a mountain, 18 miles S\V o: Jolnville. Lat. 48. 15. N. Ion. 4. 55. E. Bar suR Seine, a town in the dept. of Aubc, 20 milei SW. of Bar-fur- Aube. Lat. 48. 5. N. Ion. 4. 31. E. Bara, one of the Hebrides, or Wellern BAR Ifles of Scotland, to the S. of S. Ui/l. It is 5 jiiiles long and 3 broad, low and flat on the W.coati, uneven and rocky on the E. wltn-, however, the natives cultivate the ground witli a kind of crocked fpade, calleil cajchrom, as they cannot apply the plough. Lat. 36. 55. N. lon.7. 30. W. Baracoa, a lea port on the NE. of the Kleot Cuba. Lat.2i.o.N. ion. 76. 10. W. Bar am Wood, Herts. NW. ofBainet, Baranca-del-Melameo, a town of ,Terra-Firma, with a good harbour. ,It is Itated on the river Magdalen, 75 miiea N. of Canhagena, Lat. 11.40. N. Ion, 75- 30. W. B A r A N vv A H R,a town of Low.Hungarj'. BAi^DAiyohs, the eafternmoft of the Windward Ifles in the W. Indies. It is 25 miles in length, and i 5 in breadth, and held by the Englifli. The country is in general level, and had formerly a good dealot wood ; but this ismoftly confumed by the fugar-woiks. Ii has fuffered much from huriicants, particularly from the dreadfuloneof 1780. The whites are about 1 S,ooo, the negroes 70,000. It is 70 miles E. of St. Vincent. The capital is Bridge- town. Lat. 13. 5.N. loa. 59. 32. W. Bareary, a countryof Africa, extend- ing along the Mediterranean, Irom Egypt to the Atlantic, and containing the king- doms of Barca, Tripoli, Tunis, Algiers, Fez, and Morocco. It was known to the ancients by the name of Mauritania, Nu- midi.i. Proper Africa, and Libya. It is fertile in corn, maize, wine, citrons, oranges, figs, almonds, olives, dates, and melons. Their chief trade confifts in their fruits, in their horfes, called barbs, Mo- rocco -leat^ierjotlrich- leathers, indigo, wax, tin, and coral. The national proteifion is Mahfrneranifm, and there are fome Jews, but ftw Chrittians, except the flaves. Barhary, Lane, in the hundred of Weft- Darby. Barbeacon, Staff, near Litchfield. Barbe, St. a town of New Biicay, in. Mexico, near wliich there are rich filver- mines. It is 500 miles NW. of Mexico. Lat. 26. o. N. Ion. 107. 5. W. BAREiiRiNO, a town of Tufcany. Barhcrjic-ivn, in Kildare, Leinifer, 23 miles from Dublin, Barbezieux, a town in the dept. of Charcnte. It has a mineral fpring, and a manufa.5lure of linen-cloth. It is 45 miles NE. of Bourdeaux. Lat. 45. 30. N. Ion. 10. c. W. Barb:c, North?.mp. NE. of Amby-Le- gers. Barhoney near Worcefter. Barhorn- Chapel, Wclhnorl. near Kirby-Lonfdale, Barbuda, oneof the Leeward-Iilands, in the Wtft-Indies, held by the Englifh, about 20 miles long and li broad. The inhabit- BAR inhabitants (about 1500) are chiefly em- ployed in railing corn and breeding cattle for tlie neighbouring iilamls. It is near ao miles N£. of St. Chrilloplier. Lat. 18. 30. N. Ion. 61. 50. W. Barbury-HilUnd Cajlle, Wiltf. W. of Ogborn St. George, and near Marlbo- rough Downs. Barca, the ancient Lybia, a country of Africa, on tlie S. coall of the Mtditer- ranean, between Egypt and Tiipoli.Itis a deiei't, inhabited only by wandering Arabs. Barcelona, a handlbme, large, and rich city of Spain, in Catalonia, of whick it is the capital. It is leattd on the Medi- terraneanSea, contains about 1 5,ooohoures, and has a good harbour, and a ir.oie running out intothefea for the lecurity of the fl:ips. The ftreets, fquares, and public buildings, are very eiegant, and the inhabitants are indufti"ious and polite. It is a place of great 'trade. They make curious works in giais ; they have filk and vvoolien manufac - tures,and they excel in iteel and iron-works. Tile country about it is well watered, and tliick fet with villages, and abounds witli vvood, corn, wine, oil, fruits, honev, cat- tle, fowl, &c. It is 250 miles NE. of Madrid. Lat. /{.i. 26. N. Ion. 2. 13. E. Barcelonette, a town in the dept. oi tiie Lower Alps, 12 miles SE. of Em- brun. Lat. 44. 23. N. Ion. 6. 49. E. Barcelore, a town of Malahar. It is a Dutch faftory, 130 miles S. of Goa. Lat. 13. 25. N. Ion. 74. 15. E. BARCELOS,a town of Portugal, on the river Sourilla, 20 miles N. of Oporto. Lat, + 1. 30. N. Ion. 8. 20. W. Barchejion, Warw. nearShipton. Bar- romb, Sidfex, N. of Lewes. Barden, Vorkf. N. Riding, near Swal';dale-Forelh iardeti-Toi.ver, Yorkf. W. Riding, near the river Wharf. Bardewick, a town of Germany, in Lunenburg, on the river limensu, 17 miles SE. of Hamburg. Lar. 53. 24. N. Ion. io. 19. E. • Bar djicld- Magna, ElTex, nearThaxted. Bardialton, Somttd'. near Milverton, Bard- wfy, between Lincoln and Horncaftle. Bar- ddfejlon, Doifetf, in the parish of Piddle- ton. Bardon Hills, in Leicefterlhirc, to the NW. part of the county. Jinrdop, a river of Noithunib. which nms into the Read above Rochefter. Bardfey, Yorkf. near Leeds. Bardfsy, Latic. near the Ken Sands, NW. of tlie county. Bardfey-ljlt, forms the N. point of Cardigan- Bay. Bardt, a town and river, with a har- bour, ot Gsrmany, in Swedifli Pomerania, on the Baltic, iz miles W. by N. of S:ral- fund. Lat. 54, 23. N. Ion. 13. 12, E. BarJ-iv(/l, Suff, N. of Ixvvurth. BAR Bareges, a village In the dept. of the Upper Pyrenees, much frequented on ac- count of it's mineral baths. It is feated in the valley of the liime name, (whicli contains the. little town of Luz, and 17 villages) 12 miles S. of Bagneres. Bareith, a town of Germany, in Fran- conia, 15 miles SE, of Cuiembjch. Lat. 50. O.N. Ion. II. 56. E. Barejby, Leicef. near Artiby-Folvil. Barfleur, a town in the dept. of the Channel, 175 miles WNW. of Paris. Lat. 49. 40. N. Ion. 1. 6. W. Cape Barfleur is 12 miles E. of Cherburg. Barfoot, Northamptonf. near Rothwel. Barf or d, near Warwick, on the Avon. Barford, near Bedford. Barford, Nor- folk, near Hingham. Barford, Wilt- fhire, near Sarum. Barford, Yotkfh. on the Tees, near Caldwell. Barford, St. Johns and St. Mickaets, Oxford, near Ciitton, Barford, Lancaf. near Ecclcs. Barford, Lane. W. of Orralkirk. Bar- jrejloH, Kent, near B^ttilhanger. Bargh, Magna and Parva, Yorkf. near Picker- ing. Bargham, Suffolk. Bargholt, SufF. 5 miles SE. of Hidlty. Bargholt, Eajf, EiTex, near Colchefter, Barham, Huntf. between Leighton and Buckworth. Bar- ham, Kent, near Canterbury. Barham, Suffolk, between Ipfwich and Need ham. Bari, a town of Naples, on the Gulf of Venice, the capital of Terradi-Bari. Barjols, a town in the dept. of Var, 19 miles from Riez. Lat. 43. 33, N. ion. 6, 10. E, Barkly, and Barkhythorp, Leic. Bark- bam, Berkf. nen" Ockingham. Barkham^ Suil. between Pevenl'ey Rape and Marfh. Barkhart, Kent, S. of St. Mary-Cray. Barking, a town of Effex, on the river Rothing, near the Thames, from which goods are brought up in veffels to it's quay. It is 10 miles E. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Barkings a/w-i)^r»/2/i?zr,SufF.near Brad- ley and Ncedham. Barkley, Somtrf. NE. of FriSme. Barkley, King's, Hampfli. in the Nevv-Foreft, near MalwooiJ-Calilc. £«r^w^//n. lum the Tit-nt, between hfewiirk tnil Tuxf'oid. BarLy Houfe, Dc- vonf. near Exctt-r. Brirlinch, Somei i". near DiilvLitun. B'lrliii^, EflVx, ni ',r Roch- lorJ. Barlvis^:on, D^vonC. ne .r Biilde- fonl. Barlow, Derby!". 4 miles NW. of Cliefterfieid. Barlonjj, Line. 3inik's S. of Manchdtcr. Bnrhigh Arches, Siifilx, \V. of Kalt-GiinHcil. Burly, Yoikl'. VV, of Huwckn. Bnrlytkorp, Rutlandi'. a hamlet of Okeh;i'ri, Barmt'orough, Yoikl. 4 miles W. of Donca(tci. Burm'jy-on the -Moor, Nott. a hamlet of Blithe. Barmby on- Dun, Yurkf. 6 niilei N. of Dontaller. Barm'y-Marjli, "N'oikf. near Pocklington. Barmby in-theWUloivs, Nolt. a liirlc E. of Newark. Barme-'oiv, Yorkf. SW. of Aberfcrth. Barmer, Norfolk, near Eag- thorp. Barmcjio'i, Yorki'. near the coaft between Foiiliinglisini anil Flamborougii. Barmejhn, Barmyjlon, or Barnrljon, Efti-'X, ucar Dunmow. Barming, Kent, near Maldllone. Barmingham, Yorkl". N. Rid- ing, near Ga(hei ley-Moor. Barmoor, Northunib. E. ot Wurk Calfle, among the hills. Barnacle, Norihamp. on the river Wc'lland. Barnacre,W-i\w. near Long- Itchington. Barnacre, Lane, near Gar- Itang. Barnnjby, Line, near GriniA)y. Barnardijlon, oi- Barondijion, Sutf. 6 miles N- of H.iverille. *B \RNARdCastlE, a handfome and populous town of Durham, ieated on the Tecs, where Ibme manufaftures are c:ir- ried on, as Itockinos, ferges, &c. It is 30 miles SW.of Durham, and 244 NNW. ot London. Lat. 5^4. 35.N. lon.i.49.'VV, Market on WedncfJay. BaRN-.VELDT, two iflands to the S. of Terra-del Fuego. Lat. 55. 49. S. Ion. 66. 5S. VV. Barnbie, Yorkfliire, near Pccklington. Barnby, SiifF. 4 miles NE. of Beccles. Biir/not, Dcv. near S. Moulton. Barn- dejlcy, Worcef. near Bromfiirovc. Bnrne, K-nc, on the co;H(t near Hythe. Barn- Ehrs, Surry, near the Thames, between Putney an-^'«,SiifF.()n the fide of Noi folk. Barn- ingkam North-jjood, and Barnhain-lVinier^ Norf. ivillages W.of Thurgarron. Barn- ingbam, Norf.nearSaxthorp. Barninghain, SiifF. lietween Ixworth anil Bviddcklale. Barniton, Dur. 3 miles NE. of Darlington. Barnley, Shropf. near Bridgenorth. B-tr- noldf^week, Yorklh. near Settle. Barnf- dale, Yorkf. 5 or 6 miles from Pontefraif, BarnjhaU, Yorkf. near Doncafter. Barn- /l}ai.v, Chefh. near Northwich. Barnf- burJi,Suff. near Wolverhampton. Barn- Jide, Lancafhire, NE.ofColne. Barnfidef Wcftni. on the river Can, near Kendal. * Barnsle V, a town in liie VY. Riding of Yorkfliire. It is feated on the ilde of a hill, and carries on manufactures of li- nen and wire. It is 15 miles from Don- cafter and Wakefield, and 174 N. by W. of London. Market on Wcdnefday. •Barnstable, or Barnstaple, a town of Devonihire, at the mouth of the river Taw, over which there is an old ftone bridge of 16 arches. It is pleafantly fituated^mong hills, and trades in fifh, vvcmjI, yarn, &c. It is 38 miles NNW. of Exeter, and 191 W. or London. Lat. 51. 8. N. Ion. 4. 5. W. Market on Friday. Barnjhn, Chef, near Thingwall. Burn- Jlon, Dorleti. 3 miles SW. of Corfe-Cartle. BarnJIon, Nott. near Granby. Barnjhis, Suff. near Kedyton. Rurnfton, Effex, near Dunmow. Barnftrett, Kent, on the road from Cliff" to the Buoy of the Nore. Barn- ton, Cheib. near Nurthwich. Barn-iell, t mile from Cambridge. Barrnvell, St. An- dreius, Northamp. a little SE. of Ouniile. Barnnuell, All- Saints , Northamp. near Great and Little Haddington. Barnzvood, I mile from Glouc. on the Londi, NorthuMib. 6 nulcs N. of Ncwcaltle. B<7rohcaJ, L:inc. ne ir Wahiey Illand. Baropeg, Hampf. 4. miles N. of Bifingrtoke. Barougkdon, Riitl. 4 miles NE. of Haringwortli. Baro^vcote, 4 miles trom D^iby. Barrels, Warw. near StratforJ-xipon- Avon. Barret, Cornw. 3 miles ti-om Lcil- withicl. Barrington, Magna and Far~ua, Gloiicef. 2 villages fi-paiated by the liver Windriifh, near Burfoid. Barrington, near the river Cam, 7 miles SW. ot Ciiiibi idge. Barrington, Nortliumb. 7 miles S. ot Ber- wick. Barrington, Somerf. 4 miles NE. of Ilminitcr. BarisJhrJ, Northumb. 8 miles S. of Bellinghain. Barrozv, a river of Wellm. lunning into Jinrbeck, near Howfc-houle. Barrozv-upon- the- Scare, or Stour, Lelc. 4 miles S. ot,Loughl)oroiigh. Barroiv, or Berk, Ruti. Barrozu, Dcrb. N. of Trent, oppof.te to Ingleby. Barro'V, Line, near Barton, on the N. Iide of the county. Barrovj, Norf. between Borland and Afiiby. Barro-zv, Norf. SE. of North- Tuddeiiham. Barroz>j, Shropf. near Wen- Jock. Barrozv, Somerf. 3 miles from Briltol. Barrozv, Suft". 4 miles W. of Edmunfbury. Barro tvfor J, l,:w\c. between Bowland Fordv and the Ribble. Barrozv- hedges, Siirfy, near Croydon and Carrtial- ton. Barroz'j, Magna and Parva, Chefli. ^W. ot Dclamere Fore(i. Barrozv, N. and S. Somerf. a little N. ot Queen Camel. Barrozv- Point -Hill, Middl. 3 miles from Harrow, BarR-OW, a river of L'eland, which rifing in the Queen's county, and pafling by Portarlington, Monaltereven, Athy, Carlow, &c. is joined by the Nore, before it arrive at Rofs, after whicli, continuing S. it joins the Suir, in Waterford Haven. Bai^rowmont, in Kilkenny, Leinfler. Barrv, an ifle on the SW. coalt of Glaninrganfliire. Barry, in Longford, Leinftcr, 54 miles from iJublin. Barry more, a barony, and an iiland ot Cork. Munllei'. Barfeland, Yorkf. W. Riding, N. from Blackltone-Edge. Bnrjham, Sutf. on the Oiile, between Beccles and Bungay. Bar- Jled, Kent, near Maidftone. Barflen, Warw. on the river Blith, W, of B rkef- wtll. Barterton, Chefli. 8. of Nanijit- wich. Bartfjlrie, on the river Frome, 6 miles NE.ot Hereford. Bartherton,C\\d\\. NW. of Northvvich. Bartholomew Isle, one of the New Hebrides. Lat:^i5. ^t. S. Ion. 167. 24.. E. Bartholomew, St. one of the Carib-. BAR bee iflands, in the Weft Indies, 30 miles N. ot St. Chnltopher's. It is 20 milcs in cir-' cumterence, is very fertile, and has a good harbour. Lat. 17. 5.'. N. Ion. 63. lo. W. Bartbolome-zvell, in Cork, Munlter. Bartlozv, Camb. 2 miles E. of Linton. Barto.\, a townof Lincolnfhire, leated on the Humber, from which there is a feny to Hull, of confiderable advantage to ihe town. It is 35 miles N. of Lincoln, and 166 N. of LQndon. Lat. 53. 42. N. Ion. o, 22. W. Market on Monday. Barton, Bedf. Barton, Ilk of Wight, 1 mile from Cowes. Barton, SW. of Buckingham. Barton, 3 miles W. of Cambridge. Barton, Chefh. NW. of Mai pas. Barton, Heref. N. of Kyneton. Barton, Heref. near Wcbley. Barton, Lane, between Piefton and Garilang. Bur~ ton, Leic. near Hog's-Norton. Barton, Northamp. S. of A/hi)y. Barton, Nott. near the Trent. Barton, Oxf. near Beck- ley Park. Barton, Oxf. it's heath extends near Chipping Norton. Barton, Somerf. near B.ith. Barton, Somerf. W. of the Lydtords. Barton, Som. S. of Pltmlfter, Barton, Staff, near Bradley. Barton, Suir. near Edmundfbury, Barton, Warwickf. a hamlet of Buford. Barton, Weltm. near Penrith. Barton, Yorkf. W. of New Milton. Barton, Yorkf, near Birnfiey. Barton on the Heath, Warw. near Lone. Compron. Barton-iipon-Needzjuood, Staff, near Whichnor. Barton, All Saints, Blen- dijh, Rozv, St. Andrezv's, and .9/. Mary's^ ail in the SW. of the county of Nurfoik. Barton Bak Puiz, and Barton Blunt, both in Dei by/hire. Barton Court, Berkf. near Sunningwell. Barton Parua, Suff. SE. of Mildenhail. Barton Pev: ret, Hampf. 2 miles NE. of Rumfcy. Barton-Regis, G km c. Barton- Scagraz'e, Northamp. E . ot Kettering. Barton- Stay, Hampf. 3 miles SE. of Andover. Barton-Stepk, Oxt. near Kiddington. Barton- Street, wt-M- Gloucefter. Barto?i-Underzvood, Staff. Barton- IVeftcote, Oxf. SW. of Barton- Sfeple. Bartrams, Hertfv between Ware and Hadham, 2 miles from each, B A ruth, a town of Alia, in Syria. Bar-zvell, Lelc. 2 miles NE. of Hinck- ley. Barzvell Court, Surry, 2 miles fron\ Kingrton, Ha;npton Court, and Epfom. Barzdci; in £/w^/, Yorkf. near Aberforth. Bar-zvick, Shrojif. near Wellington. Bar- nx'hk, Somcrl'. S. of Yeovil. Bar-zvick, Yorkf. on rhe Tees, near Ingkby. Bar- ivid-Bafet, Wlltf. N, of NJarlboro.igh. Barzui-i'-Field, Cumb. near Wigton. Bar- ivick in tbe-Brakes, Norf. NW. part of tlie comity, between Bagthorp aud Stan- hoo. Bar-Jjick, Magna and Par-va, Shropf. near the Severn, N. of Shrcwfbliry. Bar- B A S tvifi-RounJkuy, Yorkthirc, near Bradford. Hary^atc, Shropfh. between Bewilly and BriMgL-noit'i. Basar rsrmCK, a well-built town of Turkey m Europo, in Ronnnia. It is fcateil on ilie river Mtriiz, an'.l l\as a n;()od trade. Lit. 41. 19. N. Ion. 24. 40. E. Bafhurch, Shropl". x miles E. from Ry- ton of tiie II towns. iJaf^omb, Hainpf. SW. of Chrillchin-ch. Bnfcote, Warw. S. of Long-I;clunp(ton, Bnfe, Hcrif. near Brv>xburiie. BasforJ, Nott. in the SW. of the county. Basford, Staff. 7 miles E. of Leake. BashalL Yorkf. ntar ^Titto•1. B.isham, E. and IV. Norf. SW. ot W..lfiiii^liani. Basham North, 3 miles SW. ot Waiiingliam. Basil, Basle, or Bale, the capital of the canton of Bifil, in SAilVerland, is furroundecl by thick walls, flanked with towt)S and baftions. It is divided into two parts by the Rhine ; the larger of which IS on the fide of Swiflerland, the lefs on that of G«;rmany ; but they are joined by a handfoine bridge. The larger has 5 gates, 6 fuburbs, 200 (heets, 6 large fquares, and 46 fountains, and is partly felted on a hill. The other llands on a plain, and has but two gates, with feveral ltr(ets and fountains. The town-houfe and paintings are much admired, and the univcrfity has had many very celebrated fcholars, as Occolampadius, Buxtorf, Wenftein. Euler, the Bernouiills, &c. The library contains a prodigious number of books and manufcripts, and there is a rich colJeclion of medals, among which are fe- veral exceedingly i'carce. Bafil is the largeft, ami fcems to have been once one of the moll populous towns in Swilfei land : it is capable of containing 100,000 inha- bitants, whereas the number at prefent is fcarcely more than 14,000. The art of making paper is faid to have been invent- ed here-. They have feveral manufaftories, particularly of ribands and cottons, and carry on an extenfive trade. The fump- tuary laws are very llrift at Bafd, and no perfon is allowed to have a fervant behind his carriage. In general the burghers' ions receive an excellent education ; and it IS not uncommon for even the poorer fort of tradel'men, to employ their lei Rue hours in rending Virgil, Horace, and Plutarch, It Is 175 miles N. by E. of Geneva, and 250 E. by S. of Paris, Lat. 47. 45. N. Ion. 7. 34. E. BASiLie.vrA, a territory of Naples, abounding in corn, wine, oil, cotton, ho- ney, and Saffron Clienza is the capital. Basilipota.mO, a river in the Morea. Bafilu7.zo, one of the Lipari iflands. Bafiiig, HampJhiie, N, of Baling- B A S ftoke. Ba/iHgfieU, Noltingliamfliire. * Basings'i OKE, a jiupulous town in Hampfliiie, with a good imiket for com, efpecially bailey, on Wednefday. IKre is a great trade in malt, as there is alio in druggets, flialloons, Sic. It is 16 miics NE. of Wmclielkr, 35 E. by N. of Salif- bury, and 47 W, by S. ot London. Lit. 51 19. N. Ion. 1. 4. W. Bajiiigflnn, Surry, SW. of Bagniof. Bafloiv, Dcrbyfliire, in the Kigh-Peak, Bafoity Devonlhire, near Perry Pomery. Basqjjes, Lies, a territojy of France, toward the Pyrentcs. Ir included Lower Navarre, Labourd and Souie, and now forms, with Beam, the dept. ot the Lower Pyrenees, Tiic fprigiitlinel's and agility of the inliabitants, and the fupplenels of their limbs are proveibial, and they aic laid to difyilay a certain grace and expref- fion in all their motions, even when engag- ed in a6ts of labour, Bass, an infulaleil rock, i mile in cir- cumference, 1 mile from the coaft of Had- dington, between the towns of N. Berwick and Dunbar, in Scotland. On the S. fule it is almoit conic, on the other it overhangs the lea in a tremendous manner. It is ac- cefTible only in the SW. and there it re- quires the aid of a lope and laddei'. It is fupplied with water by a well at the top, and in fpring is alniolt covered with nclf s, eggs, and young birds of the gannets, or folan geefe: the flocks of birds in flight are fo prodigious, as to darken the air like clouds; and their nolle is luch, that peo- ple dole by each other hear with difficulty what is fpoken. The roik of Bais has* a rabbit-warren, and palmare for a few flitep. Lat. 56. 3. N. Ion. 2. 35..W. Bajfalig, Wonm. SW. of Newport, Bassano, a town of Venice, on the river Biante, in a country ^.roduif ive of tx- cellentwine. Lat. 45. 51. N. Ion. 11.24. E. Basse, La, or Bass, a town in the dept. of the North, 18 miles SW. of Liflc. Lat, 50, ;8. N. Ion, 2. 52. E. Basseen, or Basim, a city and for- treisot Baglana,inHindootlan,oppofitethe N. end of Saliette ifland, 27 miles N, of Bombay, Lat. 19. 19. N. Ion, 72, 10, E. BaJJet, Ellex, near Little BuKiow. Basseterre, the capital of St, Chrif- topher's, a Welt India illand, B.iSSETERRE, the capital of Guada- loupe, a Wcfl India iiland. Bfjjj'efs Ci-cfs, Warwick!". E. of Sutton- Colhcld, BaJjiUon, EHex, betsvccn N. Ben- fleet and Langdon. BoJJlldon^ Berkfli. on the Thames, 8 miles NW. of Reading. BaJJinghall, EfTex, near BiHiop Stcrtford. Baffwghnm, Line. NE, of Stapleloi d. Baf~ Jlngkam^ Norf, Ijetwten Alcfliam and Holt. EAT Bajfingthorp, Lincolnfhire, near Corby. Bassingthwate, Ciurberland, be- tween Cockermouth and Kel'wick, on the N. (ide of Biflingthwatc-Water, which is an extenfive lake, 4 miles long, and i broad, on fhe river Derwent, (a few miles below Ktlwick Lake,) having on one lide the vale of Bafliiigthwate, and the lofty Skiddruv, aiid on the other the fteep and woody mountains of Whithop. BASTiAjaiea-port of EuropeanTurkey, in Albania, on the river Calamii, oppofite Corfu ifle. Lat. 39. 40. N. Ion, 20. zo. E. Bastia, a fea-port, the capital of Cor- fica, on the NE. coaft of the illand. Lat. 42. 36. N. Ion. 9. 30. E. Bajltan-Brid^e, Somerl'etf. over a ftream that runs into Parrct, near Huntfpill. Bastimentos, or Bastimontos, fmajl iflands near Terra Firma, at the en- trance of the bay of Nombre-de- Dios, with a good harbour. The country is inhabit- ed i)y American natives, tributary to the Spaniards. Baftin, Weft, Devonfhire, between Earn- ftaplc and Biddiford. Bastogne, a town of Luxemburgr. Bnjion, Line, near Langtoft. Bafton, Kent, near Bromley. Bafhii^ick, Nortulk, near Ludham. Bi'fn.vicb. near Stafford. Bataseck, atowerof Lower Hungary. Batavia, a handfome and large city in thellleof Java, the capital and (tore houfe of all the Dutch fettlcments, and the refi- dence of their governor-general in tlie E. Indies. It contains a prodigious number of inhabitants of different nations. They have canals in the different (freets, planted on each llde with evergreen trees. The harbour is excellent, and feated on the NE, part of the illand, and they have always a fleet here; but the air is very imwhole- Ibme, and the place has been repiefented by Cook as the grave of European navi- g:ttors. Lat. 6. 10. S. Ion. 106. 51. E. Batch, Heref. between the Golden vale «nd Radnor!'. Bathcott, Salop, near Mun- llow. Batcomb, Dorl'etr.4 miles E, of Ever- ftjot. Batcomb, Somerf, 4 miles N. of Bru- lon. Bateley^ Yorkf. 7 miles E. of Halifax. *Bath, a city of Somerf. famous from the times of the Romans for it's hotfprings. They are not only uCed as baths, hut in- ternally as a medicine, and great benefits are derived from tli.-m in gouty, paialytic, bilious, and a variety of o hercalts. Bath is a place of luch general nibrt, that it leems like a great national hofpital ; it is lo far, hov/ever, from being a houfe of mourning, that it exceeds every other part of England in amufements and tliffipation : it's buildings are aUo more elegant and iplendid. It is laid, out in fquares, cij> BAT cufes, crefcents, terraces, &c. tliefe are conlhu^fed of white freeltonc, which abounds here, and executed in an elegant Ityle of architefture. It is feated on the river Avon ; but, in it's later improve- ments, the buildings, rifmg one range above another, iiave nearly reach. d the lunmiic of the lofty iiill, on the dtrcliviiy of which it ftands. The principal fenfons of rlie waters are fpring and autumn ; and, be- fides the great infirmary, here are fever.d other holpitals and ahns-houl'es for the re- lief and lupport of indigent patienis. Ma- nufaifures of cloth are carried on in Bath. If is II miles ESE. of Brillol, and 107 W. of London. Lat. 51. az. N. Ion. z. 22. W. Maiket on Saturday. Bath, orBACHiA, a town of Hungary. Bath, Deronl. E. of the Ta v rivei , near N. Tawton. Batha77:ptDT:. 'itt: BaJhr.mp~ ion. Bathtley, Norf. \V. of H ;k. Bath- efto'i, Syuieri. 3 miles E. of Bvh. Bath- ford, Scmerf. 4 miles NK. of Buh. Bath- gate, a R )man caulewav, in D.:rbyniire. Bathing Hall, Devoiif. E. of the Taw, a little S. of Bariilfaple. Bathly. N'>tt. near Sherwood-Foreft. Batkarjt ll'vod, Suffex, near Battle-Abbey. Bath-tvick, Somerf. I mile from Bath. Bating:, Yuikf, near the hilU of Blacklfone-Eiige, Balifipjorey SulT. 5 miles W. of Nee.lhain. Balij-v, Suffex, near Halting*. Batnall, 1 mile from Worceffer. Bafsford- Glouccf. 4. miles from Campden, and 6 from Siow, BatteCOLA, a town of Ceylon, fubjeft to the Dutch. Lat. 7. 55. N. Ion. Si. 3.E. * Battel, a town in Sulllx, 6 miles flom Haitings: derives it's irame from the battle of Hallings, fought near it, between William tlie Conquenw arjd Haicld, on Hendfield-P.ain, lb called, ir is tiiought, from the great head of Ibldiers (upwards of 60,000) flain here on that occafion. Battel has a haibour for barges, and is noted for it's manufacture of gunpowder. It is 22 miles E. of Lewes, and 57 SE. of' London. Lat. 50. 55. N, Ion. o. 53. E. Market on Thiu-iday. Bat Itdun, Brdfordfhire, nenr Cianfield. Bat J ENEURG, a town of Dutch GueU derland, on the N. banks of ihe Meufe, almoft oppofite to Ravenltein, 10 miles SW. of Niineguen. Lat. 51. 48, N. Ion. 5. 33. E. Batten-Hall and Park, 2 miles from Worceilcr. Batten s-Drr:iK, Camb. ia tile Iflf of Ely- Batterjbj, on the VVear, near Durham. Butterjiy, Yorkfh. near Cleveland. Battrrfea, a vdlagc ot Surry, on the Thames, over which there is a tim- ber bridge 10 Chellea. It is 4 miles WSW.ct London. B.4ttin-Ccijlle,'Desoni. near Dartmorc. Baitie-Brid^, t.ii'.x, SE. ,F » ft" B A U of Chelmsford. BattU-Uridc,e, Middlcfcx, near London, on tlio way to Pjiicras. Hcit- tle EJ^e .■^ ))iL iilmp Burford. BattlrfiflJ, Shrojil. 5 luilcrs NE. ot Slnfwdiui y. Rat- tleba?H, Surry, bctwfen Ct'ipham :m'^cl very fertile in wheat. It now forms the department of Eure and Loire. Beauchamp-Oio/i, Ell'ex, near Clare; ia it's neigh!>ourhood arethe 2 villages, BciM- cha?np, St. Peter and Wcdier. Bcauckam" $- Court, Warw. N, of Aulcefter. Beau- chief, Dcrbyf. near Dronfield. Beauchirtf Dorletfliire, in the parlfh of Whitchiuch. Beaudefert, Staff. 5 miles from Litchfield. Beaudesert, or Beldesert, War- wickfliire, NE. of Henley. Mark, on Mon. Beauford, or Fairford, Devonftilre, 5 miles SE. of Torrington. Beaufort, a town in the depart, of Maine and Loire, 15 miles E. of Angers. Lat. 47. 26. N, Ion. o. 9. W, Beaufort, a town in the depart, of Mont Blanc, on the river Oron, 12 niiles NE. of Montier. Lat. 45. 50. N. Ion. 6, 38. E. Beaufront, Northumb. on the Tyne. Beaujeu, a I'niall liandfjme town in >^ 3 t*c EEC the dcpt. of Rhone and Loire, Hated on the iivt-r Ardii-rc, at the foot ot a moun- tain, 8 miles W. ot ihe Sione. Lat. 46. 9. N. Ion. +. +5. E. Bcaulicu, H.iinplhiic, 4 miles SW. of Soiitliaiipton. •Beaumaris, tlu-cov\nty townof An- glefei, lias a bay bctmc it, which affords good anchorage, and is a frequent refuge ior rtiips in Itormy weather. It is 59 rnihs W. by N. of Chelier, and 257 NW. of London. Lat. 53. 15. N. Ion. 4. 15. W. Markets on WtJnet'iay and Saturday. BtAi/MON r, a town in tlic de;.)t, of the North, itatcd l)ctwetn the Macie and Sam- bre, 10 miles SE. ot Maubeuge. Lit. 50. IT,. N. ion. 4. 19. E. Bsau.mo.s'T-sur Oise, a fown in the dept. of Seine and Oilc, I'eaied on tl}e de- cliviy of a hill on the river Oile, zotriilcs N. of P ris. Lit. 49. 9. N. Ion. 2. 26. E. Beau.mont le-Roger, a town in the dcj^ait. of L 'wer S.ine, 22 miles SW. of Rouen. Lat. 49 7. N. lon.o. 56. E. Be \u MO NT LE-VicOMTE, a town in the dcpt. of S^rt^', 10 miles N. of Mans. Lat. 48. 4. N. Ion. o. 12. E. Beau.ne, or Beaume, a handfome town \n the dcpt. ot Cote d'Or. remark- able for it's excellent wine. It is 25 miles nt-arly S. of Dijon. Lat. 47. 6. N. Ion. 5. S. E. BeaiifrJe, Waiwickihire, near Wedge- rock-Pdrk. Beauvais, a city in the dept. of Oife, featcd on the rivcr Thefin, 42 miles near- ly N. of Paris. Lat. 49. 26. N. Ion. 2. 5-E. Beawvale, Nott. near Grelfley-Caftle. B E au vox r-sur-Mer, a maritime town in the dtp;, ot Vendee, 25 miles SW. of Nantes. Lat. 46. 55. N. Ion. i. 54. W. Bennubuj}, SulTex, near Bramber. Beaiv- Ujl, Hampi. near S)U hampfon. Bea- 'worth. Hanipf. 5 miles E. of Winchelttr. Bebelin'guen, a town of Wirtem- burg, in Snabia, ("eattd on a lake from which the rivcr Worm proceeds, 10 miles MW. of Stutgard. La£. 48. 58. N. Ion. 9. t. E. BelnnglcK, Upper and Nether, Chefh. near the middle l^ind of the rivei Merfey. Bec, Le, in the ilept. of the Eure,'22 miles WSW. of Rouen. Bec Cresi'in, in the dept. of the Lower Seine, 9 milts E. of Havre. Becca. Yorkdiire, near Otky. *BECCt Es, a large town in Suffolk, on the navigable river Wavenev, 12 milts SW, tf V'armoHih, and loS NE. of Lon- don. Lat. 52, 36. N. Ion. I. 45. E, Mai ket on Siturday. Btd-U/i, or Bcci^h-!, a rivtr of Mont- B E D gomeryfhirc, running into the Severn. Bechin, a town of Bohemia, on the river Lufchnitz, 50 miles S. of Prague. L^f. 49. 13. N. Ion. 14. 53. K. Bechiff, Dt-rbyl". 4 miles NW. of Dron- field. Beck, Norf . near Sparham. Beck- bury, Shropf. W. of Snawdtnp.-.ol. Beck' by. Line. W. of Lyml>eigh. Beck/i£/iham, Kent, 2 miles on the NW. of Biomley, 10 from London. Bcckenfall, Lrmc. near Ecclelton. Beckermct, Cumb. near Brum- fiejd. Becket, Berkf. near I'arringdon. Beckficld, Shropl. ne.ir Chirbury. Beck^ field, Northumb. in Tyndale-ward. Beck- ford, Gloiicef. near Dumhleton, 5 miles ixorr> Wiiiciicomb. Bechka^n, Himpf". E. of Fordingbridge. Bcckkam Eafi, Norf. S. of Cromer, Beckham IVeji, Norf. E. of Holt. Beckhigham, Nott. near Gainf- boroiigh. Bechiugbam, Line. N. of Gran- tham. Beckington Somerl'. 2 miks NE. of Frome-S^;lwood. Beckley, Oxf. between Wood flock and Thame. Beckley, Suflex, 5 miles NW. of Rye. Beckley, Shropf, near Piirllow. Beckring-Hall, Line, near E. and W. Baikworth. Beck's-Un-e, Oxf, one of the locks in the Thames, i mile from Radcot-Bridge. Beckum, or Beckem, a tov.'n in the bidiopric of Munflcr, n=ar the river Wcrle, BtCSANGiL, the ancient Bithynia, a prov. of Natoiia, on the Tea of Marmora and the Black Sea. It's capital is Burfa. Seville Bridge, in Mtath, Lcinlter. *Bedal, a fmall town in Yorkf. 6 miles from Northallerton, 8 from Rich- mond, and 220 froin London. Market on Tuefday. Bedal, a river of Yorkfh. which runs into the Swale near G.itcnby. Bedl>or/i, N. and c9. Durh. near D.iriington. Bed- borough, Wilti". N. of Biihop-Cannings. Bedcjjter, Dorletl". hetveen Sturminker and Sliafteibury. Beddenham, Norf. NW. of Bungay. Bed-lgelert, 10 miles from Ca- ernarvon, near the Snowdon mountains. BedJinglon, Suny, between Carfhalton and Cioydon. Beden, or Beding, a village in SulTex, 13 miles from Leweo, near a river of it's own name, which runs into the fea at New Shorcham, and abounds with ex- cellent mullets, pikes, eels, i:c. Beder, a city of the Deccan of Hin- doolfan, in the Soubali of Doulatabad, about 80 miles NW. 01 Hydrabad. Lat. 17. o. N. Ion. 78. o. E. Bidclloiu, Shi;>pfhiie, near Wellington, Bedei'c, Cornw. NW. of Eglofhale. Bed- fitld, Suff. W. of Frand.ngham. Bed- font, E. and ly. Middl. between Houniiow and Staines, *BEDroRD, the cotinty town of Bed* foidlUire, katcd on the Oufe, whicii di- vides BED rules it Into two parts, united by a bridge, wirh a gate at each end. By the Oulc, wl'iich IS made navigable, bai-ley is ex- poi ted to Holland by way of Lynn. It is 27 miles E. by N. of Buckingiiam, and 50 N. by VV, of London. Lat. 52. 13, N. Ion. o. 30. W. Mark.on Tuel'. and Sat. Bedfordshire, a county in England, 35 miles in len;;th and 21 in breadth, is bounded on the SW. by Bucks; on the NW. by NorihHmptonfliire; on the NE. by Huntingdonndie j on the E. by Cam- briiigclhire, and on the SE. by Herts. It contains 9 hundieds, 10 market towns, and 134. parifhes. The air is pure and whoiclonie. It's principal rivers are the Oule and the Ivel. It's chief prodii6ls are corn, butter, ami fuller's earth ; it's nia- nuhdhues lace, draw hats, bafkets, and toys. BEDFORD Level, a traft of fens, con- flftiiig of ;;oo,ooo acres, in the counties of Norf. Sutf. Huntf. Northampf. Line. Camb. and the lllc of Ely, which appear to have been dry land formerly, by the ruins of houl'cs, large trees, &c, that have been found in feveral parts. After divers exp>;nrive attempts to drain thefe fens, in the reigns of Henrv VI. and Charles I. WilliaiT*, duke of Bedfoi'd, in 1649, tm- dcrtook and completed it. In theie fens aie feveral decoys, where aftonifning quantities of wild fowl are taken during ti:e fealon. One of thefe, not far from Ely, generally ftnds 3000 couple weekly to London, and is let for 500I. a year. Bedford, Lane, near W. Derby. Bedg- hury, Kent, 2 miles SV/. of Cranbrook, Bcdha?fi^.to/i, H.mipfl). 3 miles NW. of Havanl. Bedick-WcJ}, Durh. in the pa- rish of Wa(hington, on the N. fide of the V^'ear. Bedik South, on the S. bank of the Wear. Bedingjield, SufF. near Eye. Bed- ingham, Sud'cx, 3 miles SE. of Lewes, Bcdinrjireeiy SnlTcx, 4 miles E. of Bram- bcr. Bedijion, Devonl. SW. oi Oakhamp- ton. Brdieyhay, Camb. '5 miles SE. of Ely, Bedli72gton, Northumb. 5 miles SE. of Morpeth. Bculington, Northumberi. not tar from Twted mouth. Bedminjier, Somtrf. SW. ofBriUol. Bedmont, Herrf. N. of Langley- Abbey. BcthnalGrsen, Midcll. one of the handets ot Stepney, con- taining upwards ot 30CO houfcs, and 25,000 people. Bednall, Northumb. near Sriields. BcdiialU 5 miles from Stafford. Bednore, or BiDDANORE, a town in the peninfiila of Hindooftan, and in the dominions of Xippoo Sultan, regent of Ivlylbre, 330 miles SSE. of Bombay, and 140 NW. of Seringpatam. Lut. 14. o. N. Ion. 74. 4S. E. Bfdjhii, Shropf. between Hoptcn-Caf- tlc and Hcrcf. Bedivdiej, Moiun. on die B E I borders of Glamorganf. Bed^ves, Monm. Bed^vin, Great and Little, Wilts, within a few miles of Hungerford. The former has a market on Tuefday, Bedzvorth^ Warwickfnire, 3 miles S. of Nuneaton. Bed-VL'in, Cornw. 6 nnles NE. of Camel- ford. Beech ivood, Hertf. near St. Al- ban's. Beedi/ig, Suffex. Bhemah, a riverin thcDeccan, a prin- cipal branch of the K'ilna, and joining it near Edghir. It riles in the mctmtains to the N. of Pocnah, and is efteemed one of the facred rivers by the Gentoos. Beemnore, in Kc:rry, Munfter. Beere, Kent, a manor in the parifli of Welt Clive. Beere, Somerf. 3 miles S. of Currv Mallet. Beer Haven. See Baktry. Bees, St. Cumb. between Whitehaven and Egremont, is noted for it's public clafTical fchool. St. Bee's Head is a bluff and lofty promGn>ory> with a light-honfe on It. from which to Wiiitehaven, a dif- tance of about 5 miles, it is nearly one continued range of rock, rifmg perpendi- cularly from the beech. Becfon, Che'liire, near S'afF. Beefloiif Yorki. S. of Leeds. Beeflon Cajlle, Chef, near Bnnhurv. BeejJofi, BcUt. near War- den. Eeifion, No: f. near Wroxham. Bee- Jlon, iNortblk, on the coaft, near Cromer, Bee/Ion, Shr>,pf. 4 miles S. nt S"ire\\lbury. Bee/hn St. La-Lirence, Nortolk, between Wurlt.d and Ludham. Becxley, Hampf. 5 miles E. of Pctersfield. Beg.'rook, Oxf. 2 miles S of Woodttisck. BegermanSf Yorkf. between Camhill and the rivet Wharfe. Befort, a fmall but ftrongtown, In tlie dept. of the Upper Rnine, at the foot of a mountain, a8 miles W. of Bifil. Lat, 47. 36. N. Ion. 6. 54. E. Beggar's- bridge, m Weftmeath, Lein- Ifer, 37 miles iiom Dnblln. Beggar' s-bujh, Midd. 10 miies fronj London. Beggar shush, Huntingd. near Godmanchelter. Beggars^ inn, in Kilkenny, Leinlfer, 58 miles rrom Dublin. Begham, Kent, 5 miles W. of Lmiber- hurlt. Begia, or Beggia, a town of Tunis. Begimor, Northumb. belongs lo ihe manor or Woller. Begiunis. See Binf- ques. BeHAT-RIVER. SeeCHELUM. Beja, a city and lake in Alcniejo. Bejapour. See Visiapour. Beichlingen, a town of The: ingia. Upper Saxi^ny, 17 miles N. 01 Wtimar. Lat. 51. 21. N. Ion. 11. 50. E. Beighton, Dcrbyf. S miles NE of Dron- field. Beighton^ Norf, ncac S. V/alfnam. y 4. Beila> BEL TIfii.A, in Picdmonr, 32 miles N. of liiiiii. Br IRA, a province of Portugal, bmiml- cd on the W. hy tlic Ail;intic ; mi the N. Iiy Tialos niontes mu'. Eiiiie-D uio-e- Minho; on the F.. hy Lf'-n atid Spanifti Ellrfiiadina; anti on tin S. by Portnguefe Eltremailura anti Ali-i'ittjo. It is nearly fquari;, bi-ing aliout 90 miles in extent each way. ir is a well watered and fertile country, but the people are indolent and much s;iven to mendicity. Bffljhr,t Gloiic. 6 miles SW. of C^mp- den. Bclan, Nott. 2 miles NE. of Retford, Btlanngar, in Rolcommon, Connaught, Si milf.s from Diibiin. Bthport, Shropf. z miles ME.of Ather- Jcy. Belcii^h, Nurf. near Sp iilmni. Bel- I'roughton, Wurc. 3 miles from Broomf- grove. Bel J, Yorkfliire, near Howden. Beicara, in Mayo, Connauglu. Kf. I CASTRO, a city ol Naples. BelcksiiivtUt Doifetlh. near Sroiinrjn- f?er. UtiihcimJ('''ater 7KnA Pnuis, Eliex, 2 •villages near Clare. Bclchfordy Liiicolnf. ^iE. of Burwelj. BtLCHiTE, a town of Arragon. £ei,choe, a (own of Fermanagh, in Ullter, leafed on Lough Nilly, 18 miles SE. of Bajlyfliannon. Lit. 54. 20. N. Jon. 7. 50. W. Bilely, Yorlif. S. of Pocklington. *Belefoi?d, or Belford, a fmall neat town in Northumberhmd, (ituated on the ridge of a hill, 2 miles from the Lear, li from Alnwick, and 319 from London. Market on Tuefday. Bdcji'j, Line. bctw. Aftiby and Caftcr. Bii-EM, a town of Porii'g.Hl, in Eftre- madura, on the N. fide of tlie T ^jo, 3 miles Vv''. from Lifbon, where all the ihij^s, fail- ing lip the river, are obliged ro bring to. BiiLERTAT} a town in ibe dept. of Ar- TJv;.;t, reni.irka1Me fur afpringwhich regu- larly ebbs and flows 11 tinits in 24. hours, Beley, Woro f. 2 miles from Bromef- grove. Belfaji, Line. SE. o! Belwood-hall. *Belfast, a large, flourifl-.ing, com- mercial town an^t fca port, in the county of Antrim in Ulftcr, feated oil Carrick- fergus-B.>y, at the mouth of Lagun river, over which there is a ftately bridge of 21 arches. A navigable canal, connefting the harbour wi'h Liiitft.(rr, 80 miles NW. of Bolgorcd. Lat. 4.'5. 58. N. Ion. 30. i. E. Bcneckar, Wihs. near Mflkftiam. Ben'EDETto, St. a town Sn the M.nn- tuan, 35 miles SE. of Mantua. Lat. 44. 4.J.. N. Ion. 1 1. 25. E. BenefieLi, Eflex, near Biichanger. Be- nffielJ, Northanip. 4 miles N. cf Oiindle. Bcjrelcy, Northumb. near tlic Till, 6 iniles NW. of Alnwick. Benenden, Kent, near Kolvenden and Cranbrook. BiiNKSOEUF,atovvn in Egypt, 50 iniles S, of Cairo. Benet, St. Cornw. 4 milts SW.of B:;d- min. Kexevento, anciently Beneven- TU^4, a large and rich city ot Naples, fcatcd in a fcrfiJe valley, tiear the conflu- er.ce of the S.tboro and Caloro, 35 miles NE. of Naples. Lat. 41. 6. N. Ion. 14. 57- E. Bekfeld, a town in the dept. of the Lower Rhine, feated on the river I lie, iz miles SW. of Straibuigh. Lat. a^'i. 24. N. Ion. 7. 45. E. Benjielii-Suic, Durh. near Northumb. Bcnfitet Norik, Effcx. Beiijket, Magna, EfTtx, near Canvey-Ifland. Benford, De- von, neai Gre.it Torrington. Beng-j;orih, Wore. on tiie Avon, cppofite to Evefham. Bengal, a country of India, in the E. part ot Hindcoftan, extending from E. to W. upwajd oi 400 miles, and trom N. to S. above 300. It is bounded on the W. hy Ordfa and Bahar ; on the N. by Na- paul and Boot an ; on the E. by AlVam and Meckley j and on the S. by the Bay of Bengal. The country confifts of one vatl plain, of the moll fertile iuii in the world, which, in common with other parts of Hindooltan, annually renders two, and in ibmc parts, even three crops. It's princi- pal produ.'^s are fugr.r, fiik, fruity pepper, opium, rice, faltpctie, he, and civet. The Ganges here divides into feveral ftreams, and annuaiiy, like the Nile, overflows the country. Bengal has been fubjed, ever fv.\<:t t;-.e yc.ir 1765, to the Englilh Eafl- IiKli;i Company. Il"s net annual rtvtnue, BEN inclu ling that of Bahar, is 1,290,000!. C.ilcutti is the ca|)ital. Benguela, a kingdom on the W. co.tft ot Africa, bounded on the W. by the ocean; on the N. by Angola; on the E. and SB. by parts unknown ; and on the S. by Mataman or Matapar. The men wear /kins about iheirwaifts j the women a kind ol clo'Jj niade of the bark ot a tree. At Bengii(-I:i the capital, on the bay or river Benguria, the Portuguefc have a ftttlc- ment, ilieii hoiil'es are fhaded with orange, lemon, banana, and other trees, Lat. from 10. to 15. S. Jon. from 12. to 20. E. Be/ihall. Sulf. near Sixmundham. Bet" ham, Berkf. near Reading. Benham. Bucks, near Uftoii. Benham, Surry, near D.srking. Benham Heath, Brrks. near Wargrave. Beiiick, Camb. in the lUe ot" Ely. Benin, a kingdom of Africa, extend- ing tioni I. o. S. lat. to 9. o. N. lat. and bounded on the W. by Dahomy and the ocean 4 on the N. by Dahomy and Biafara; on the E. by parts unknown; and on the S. by Loango. The country exhibits many beautitul landi'capes; bnt the air, in fome places is noxious or pefti- jential, on account of the gicfs vapours exhaled irom the marfhes hy the heat of the fun. The natives are flciltul in mak- ing various I'orts of dyes, and in manii- faituring cottons or calicoes, which they wear and alio export. Their king is ab- fukite, and has a great number of petty princes under him, and polygamy is al- lowed among them. Benin, the capital, I'eated on the river Benin or Formofa, is a fpacious city; the (hops are (locked with European mercliandile, as well as with the commodities of the country, and the (ireets are kept nevt and clean by the wo- men. Lat. 7. 50. N. Ion. 5. 4. E. Benington, Hertf. 4 miles troni Steven- age. Benhig-ivorth, Line. 7 miles SE. of Market Railin. BcTijcj, near Hertford. Be;!net's, St. in the Holme, i. e. a river ifland, Norf. SE. of Repeham. Beniuts, Shropl. \^tM- Slnewfbui y. Bemut's Bridge, 3 miles from Kilken- ny, in Leinller, and 57 from Dublin. Ben NEVIS, a mountain ot Invernefs, ridng 4300 feet above the level of the lea. Bennington, the principal town of the (tate of Vermont in New-England, in the SW. corner of the Hate ; at the foot of the Green Mountain. It's public buildings are a court-houfc, jail, and church ; but the alfembly commonly holds the fcdions at Windfor. Near the centre of the town is Mount Anthony, which jifcs very high, iu the form of a Itigar. leat. B E R oaf, Beniungton Is 30 miles E. by N. of Albany. Lair. 4.3. o. N. Ion. 73. 10. W. Bennington, Line, near Bullon. Ben- nhigton, Vorkr. near Hornley. Benning- ton Long. Line, on the bordt-rs of Lcicef. Benonis, Lcicef. ne:)r Hinckley. Bensford, Wiltf. NW. ofBriftol. BenJ/imn, burry, near Croydon. Bensheim, a town of GermanV) in the palatinate of the Rhine, Upper Rhine, 10 miles ENE. of Worms. Lat. 4-9. 36. N. Ion. 8. 4.1. E. BenJJjington, or Benfon, Oxfordf. on tlie Thames, a little below it's conjimition with the Ifis. Bemall, Lane, near Man- chelkr. Bentall, Shropl'. 5 miles W. of S'lrevvfljury. Bentall, Shroplhire, 2 miles NE. o\ Wenlock. Benlbam, York!'. W. Ridincr. E. of Hornby Ca (lie. Benibam, near Gluuceller. BtNTHEiM, a town of Weftphalia, ca- pital of a country ot the lame name, 32 niles NW. of Munfter. Lat. 51. 23. N, Ion. 7. 25. E. BtNTivOGLlO, a town and caftle in the Pope's territories, 10 miks NE. of Bologna. Lat. 4.4.. 37. N. Ion. 1 1. 34.. E. Btnt/cj', W.MV/. octween King(bury and Sliiitock. Bcn'ley, Deib. near iMid- dleton park. Be?itiry, Hampf. near Farn- ham in Smry. Ben ley. Staff. W. of Wal- fall. Bentley, bu^f. near Ipfwich. Bent- ley, Salfex, 8 miles NE. of Lewes. Bent- ley, Yorkflilre, 4. miles SW. ot Beverley. Bentley, Yorkf. near Doncafter. Bentley- Fenny, Dcrbyf. NE. of A-Oiborn. Bentley. Kali, Elfex, near Elmlted. Bentley-Hioi- gry, Derhyf. near Bentley-Fenny. Bent- ley, Magna and Par-va, EiTex, near Tend- nng. Bentley, Worcef. a hamlet to Tan- debigg. Benton Magna, or Mickle -Benton, Northuinb. near Newcaltle. Benton Par- 'va, or Li'tle Benton, near Benton Magna. Benton, Yorkf, NE, of Bridlington, Bent- luorth, Hampf. NW. of Alton. Ben'ville, Dorfetfliire, x mile from Corfecombe. B:n~joliben, a mountain 4. miles N. of Sligo, in Connaught, and 2 from the ocean. BeniJcell, Northumb. near Newcallle. Benixyke, Northumb. Beny, Cornw. near Bufcaltle, to the NE. Bepton, Suffcx, z miles S. of Midhurft. Berar, an extenfive foubah of the Peccan, in Hindooftan, in general rather thinly inhabited ; but the country about Nagpour is fertile and well cultivated. BePvBice, a river of Guiana. Berchtolsgaden, a town of Ger- many, 10 miles SW. of Si^ltzburg. Berdoa, a country of Africiij between Egypt and Zaara, Berdon^ Effex, S. of C layering. Eerd- B E R ivell, SufF. N. of Ixworth. Bere, Cornw. 4. miles SE. of Stratton. Bere-Crurcht Eilex, near Colchefter. Bere-HagarJ, Dorfeifliire, near Yetminfter. Bereilly, a fmall city of Hindoo- ftan Proptr, capital of the RohilUis coun- try, SE. of Delhi and NW. of Lucknow, and abont no miles from each. Lat, 2S. 30, N. Ion. 79. 40. E. Berenice. See Suez. Bere-Regis, a town of Dorfetfhire, between Wareham and Middleton, la miles E. by N. of Dorchefter, and 113 SW. ot London. Lat. 50. 44. N. Jon. 2. 15. W. Market on Wedneklay, Bere, Dorletlh. near Ockford-Slillling and Duivellon. BcreUacket, D^:rletflu 2 miles SE. of Biadford- Abba?. Beref- ford. Start', on the Dove, near N:irrow- daie. Berejlon, Dorl'etlfi. W. of Win- born St. Giles, Berjield, Berkfh. near Winterbourn. Berford, Doilcifitiie, near Winboni-Minfter. Berford, Wiltshire, 4 miles N. of Wilton. Berg, a territory of Weftphalia, woody and mountainous, fubjeft tu the Elector Palatine. DulTeldorp is the capita!. Bergamo, a province of Venice, niountiinous and rocky on the N. but very fertile about it's capital. Berg, which is an ancient, large, populous, and trading town at the foot of tiie /Vlps, is noted for it's fewing filk ; they have iron-mines and quarries of inill-rtones, wine, oil, and de- licious fruits. It is 25 miles NE. of Mi- lan, Lit. 45. 46. N. Ion. 9. 47. E. BERGERAC,arich, populous, and trad- ing town in the dept. of Dordogne, feated on the river Dordogne, 46 miles E. of Bourdeaux. Lat. 44. 50. N. lon.o. 4;.E. Bergas, or BoRGAS, a town of Ro- mania. Bergen, a handfome and ancient fea- port, the capital of Norway. Their ex- ports ars (kins, timber, fifli, &c. ; but their wheat is brought from other places. It is 200 miles NW. of Gottenbuig, and 350 N. by W. of Copenhagen. Lat. 60. II. N. Ion. 5.45. E. Bergen, a town of Swedifli Pome- rania. Bergen-op-Zoom, a ffrong town of Dutch Brabant, in the marquif;:\te of the lame name. It is feated partly upon a hill, and partly on the river Zoom, which communicates with the Sciieldt by a ca- nal. It is 15 miles N. of Antv;eip, and 22 SW. of Breda. Bergerode,l^'ir\c.v.Q?iV Thornton. Bergh, Norf. near Kimberley-park. Berghamp- /o/j, Norf. near Broke and Loddon. Berg- holt, Suffolk. Bergtolt'n't'Jler, EfTcx, near CoIcheUer, B E R ■ olchefter. Bcrgill, Sliiopnilre, near B'«l>l>y's-Wooit, Beroues St. Vinox, a town in the rftpt. of the North, fcaicd o« the river Cv>lme, nt the toot of :i mountain, 5 niilis S!'. of Dunkirk. Lat. 50. 57. N. lun. BiRr\RA, or Bfrii Arpistas, the Anbic nnme (or Anil>ia Delerta. BeriJ, n^ a livtroi Norfolk, running in- to the Yar below Norwich, BeriHghnm, Sufv'-lk, 5 miles SVV. of BmV.dctale. Bur- ii/gfr.ii, Shroj^lli. 2 inileb E. of Cimdovei-. Btyitt^toii, Shropf. near Clun. Berinpton M^Jl'ii* and Petr'va, Oxf. on the cd^e of Gloucefterf. Berion, Cornwall, between North- hill and South- hill. Beriton, Hamp(hire, near Petersfield. BHRf^LtY, a town of Gloucefterfliire, 18 miles from Glouctfter, and 113 from London. Market on Tnelday. Bfrkefvjrll, Warwickl. near Coventry. Berkfordy Bedf. N. of Toms ford, •BtEKHAMPSTEAD, a town of Hert- fordOiire, 9 miles from St. Alban's, and a6 NVV. of London. Lat. 5i.46.N. Ion. o. 3t, W. Market on Monday. Berkhdtnpftead, Little', 4 miles from Hertford. Berks, or Berkshire, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Wilts ; on llic N. by Oxfordshire and Bucks, Irom both wiiich it is divided by the Thames ; on the E. by Bucks and Surry ; and on che S. by Hants. From E. to W. it extends above 50 miles, and from N. to S. it is 7.5 miles in the wideft, though not more than 6 in the narroweft part. It contains 20 hundreds, 12 market-towns, and 14.0 pariDies. The air In general is very he:i!tliy. It's principal rivers are the Tliames, K.enner, Lsmborn, andLoddon, The E. part lias much uncultivated land, as Windfor Forelt and it's appendages; the W. niul middle parts, particularly the Vale of White liorle, produce grain in great abundance. Bcrhj, Shropf. between Walcot and Sliipton-Caftle. Bfriy'.YorkllN.of Snaith. B;:rlin', a large and handlbme city of Germiuiv, capital of ti-.e ek£lorate of Brandenburg, where the King of Pruflia refidcs. It llands on the banks of the Spree, in 3 fandy foil, amidft woods and inarflies ; yet it is encompafled with fruit- ful gardens and vineyards, and manufac- tories of vaiious clotlis, metals, and glafs :ire carried on. The palace is magnifi- cent, and there is a fine library, a rich ca- binet of curiofities and medals, an acade- my of I'ciences, nndanobl'crv.atory. There is a canal cut Ijom ihe river Spree to the B E R Oder on the E. and another thence to the Elbe to the W. It has a communication by water both with the Baltic Sea and German Ocean; and is 42 miles NW. of P'rankfort on the Oder, and 300 N. by W. of Vienna. Lat. 52. 32, N. Ion. i 3. 31 . E. Berli/ir, Northumb. near Harbottle- C.ilfle. Btrlings, near Lincoln. Bermuda, or Somers' IstASDS, a c!nl\er of fmall irtands, about 500 mile« E. of Carolina, in the Atlantic Ocean. They are properly rocks, or hard fai^i- banks, about 400 in number, and not containing in all above 20,000 acres ; fome of them are fo near each other, that paifengers ftep acrofs the intervening feti from idiDid to ifland. They are inhabited by the Englifli, enjoy a pure and temperate air, and have plenty of ftefli, fifli, and gar- den ItufF. The common emplovment of the inhabitants is in building llocps of t!".e Cedar, which grows here in abundance. Tlie town of St. George on St. George's Illand is the capital. Lat, 32. 20. N. Ion. 65. o, VV. Bern, the iargeft of the 13 cantons of Swilfeiland, about 150 miles in length, and 75 in Ijreadth, is tlividcd into 2 prin- cipal parts, called the German and Ro- man. The latter is moft commonly call- ed the Paysde V'aud, or Country of Vaud. The people are Calvinilts, Bcrx, the capital of the canton of Bern, ftands on a peninfula, formed by the river Aar. Here is a celebrated fchool, and a rich library. The houles are of a fine white fiee-llone, and pretty uniform, particularly in the principal ftreet, where the houfcs are all of a height. There are piazzas on each fiue, with a walk raifed 4. feet above the level of the Itreet, very commodious in wet weather, and the pub. lie buildings are magnificent. Bern is 70 miles NE. of Geneva. Lat. 4.6. 52. N, Ion, 7. 20. E. Bern, a town of Bohemia, 15 miles W. of Pratrue. Lat. 50. o. N. Ion. 13. 5. E. Bernard, the Great, St. a moun- tain of Swidcrland, between Vailais and Val d'-Aulte, at the Iburce of the rivei* Drance. The top of it is always cover- ed with fnow, and theie is a large convent . where tl>c monks entertain all llrangers, gratis, for three days, without diftindlion of religious nrofeflion. Bernard, a town of Brandenburg. Eernay, a town in the dept. of Enre. It is a trading place, feated L'n the river Carantonr.e, 20 miles SVv"^. of Rouen. Lat. 49. 6. N. Ion. o. 50. E. BtRNBURG, a. town of Upper Saxony. BtRNC.^5TEI.> B E R Berncastel, in Treves, circle of the Lower Rhine, noted for it's good wine. Birnkam, Suti'. S. of Thettord. Bern- tkorpi Nott. 6 miles NE. oF Newark. Eer/iivood Fore/}, Bucks, borderiner on Oxf. . Berrick Priory, Oxf. 4. miles NW. of Waclington. Berrick- Salome, Oxf. near Watlington, Berrier, Cnmb. near Penrith. Berrington, Gioiic. near Caiiip- dcn. Berrington, Woicel'. neiir Tenbiiry. Berrington, Som.4 miles N. of Axbiidge. BerriJlonAj, Derby!, in the Higii Peak. Berrough, Someri. lietween tlie Brent and the coatt. BerroTV, Norf. near Hinghasn. Berronjj, Wore. 8 miles from Ov'erbury. Berry, a ci-devant province of France, fertile in corn, wine, fruits, hemp, and flix. It now forms the two departments cf Cher and Indre. Berry, Berks, near Maidenhead. Ber- ry, Efl'ex, near Great and L'ttie Wendon. Berry, Dorfetf. near Blandfard. Berry, Lancafhire, near Manchelier. Berry End, Bcdf. near Hockley. Berry E:i:i, Bedf. Near Culton. Berry Nerbert, Devonf. on the coaft, W. of Comb Martin. Berry- Pomercv, Devonf. near Totnel's. Berry- Street, MiJ.iil. near Nortliolr. BerfeUon, Hampf. near Titchfieid. Bersello, a town in the- Modenefe. Berfied, Hertf. 3 miles SW. of Ilem- ftead. Berjlod, N. and S. Siiifcs, SE. of Chichefter. BERSUiRE, or BR.E5SUIR.E, a town in the dept. of the Two Scv rts, 22 miles SW, •f Thouars. Lat..<.6. 52. N. lon.o.27.W. Bert, a river in Djrfetfhire. Bertinero, in the Poj.e's territorv. Btrtte, Lane, near Manche'iK-r. Bi-rtjn- Mi'Js, Suff. near Milden-H:il!. Bertrand, St. a Imall town in tiie dcpt. of Upper Garonne, 43 miles SE. of Auch. Lat. 42. 56. N. lor». o. 4.8. E. *BERVJiE, or Inverbervie, a river and lea- port of Kincardine, 12 miles SW. cf Aberde.riil^kni. L-At. 31. 50. N. Ion. -,6. 8. E. Bethlkhem, a town of Brabant. BcTHLF.HEM, a town ot Pcnnlylvania, on tlie river Lchi'jh, a wcftern branch ot the Di lavvarc. Tlie town being partly on an euiinince, and partly on the lower banks of the Ma,nnkes (a fine creek affording trotii and orhtr fifii) has a very pltalant and lualthy iitiiation. It is the principal iettlcnient of the United Bicthrcn, or Mo- j avians, in America. 'I'iiey were fixed litre by the Count Zin/endorf in 1741. '^Phc honlt-s arc 6p in nifniber, moflly built t>f irec ifonc, and the inliubitants are be- tween 5 and 600. The German language is more in iil'e here than the Englifli : the latter howevtr is taught in the fchools ; and both are made ule of in the church. Bethleliem is 53 miles N. of Philadelphia. Lat 4.0. 37. N. Ion. 75. 8. W. Bcthlcm, inWe(tnieath,Leinlter, 5 miles from Athlone. Bethune, a town in the dept. of the Straits (it Calais, featcd on a rock by the river Brette, zo miles SE. of St. Omer, and 120 N. of Paris. Lat. 50. 4.5. N. Ion. 2. 55. E. Ee:isJord, Suffolk, near Ipfwich. Betley, a town of Staffordfhire, about 5 miles from Newcaftle and Namptwich, 16 miles NNW. of Stafford, and 156 from London. Lat. 53. 5. N. Ion. 2. 20. W. Market on Tuelday. Bei LIS, or Bedlis, a town of Curdif- tan, on the frontiers of Turkey and Perfia, but fubjcft to it's own bey, and an afylum for the liibjefts of the neighbouring powers. It is 150 miles E. of Diarbek. Lat. 37. 30. N. Ion. 4z. 50. E. Betlunfirey, or Betbmyjley, Yorkf. be- tween Skiptonand Ripley. Bc'to/iet,CoTn\v^ S. ot Launceftoi;. BetsforJ, near Notting- ham. Betjhan^cr, Kent, near Knowhon. Bettehy, Norf. 6 miles SW. of Repeham, Bettfffcomh, Dor;(.'tf. i mile from Pillefdtn, and 9 N\V. ofBridport. Beitejley, G\o\\c. between the Severn and theForelt of Dean. Betton, Shropf. N. cfDiayton. Beiiciii, Shropf. SE. of Shrewihury. Bettus, Meri- onethf. 6 miles from Bala. Bettus, Monm. 5 miles W. of Caerlion. Bettus, Shropf. near Ra;Inorfhire and the river Teujde. Bt'ttusChiipel, Monm. on the borueis of Brccknockf. Betttis-Ne-xvilh, Monm. on the river, and near the town of Ulke. Bet- ivorth, Warw. near Solyhull. Betiyw^iys Ciernaivonf. 10 miles SE.of Aberccnsvay. Bevecum, a town of Brabant. Beveland, N. and S. two iflands of B E Z the United Pi'ovinces in Zealand, between the F,. and W. branches of the Scheldt. Sever, Kent, S. of Afliford. Lever' cotes, Nottingham, near VV'td-Maikham. Bevkrgkrn, in Munfter, Wellph^iia. ♦Beverley, a town in Yorkfhirt-, 8 miles from Hull, 30 from York, and 18} from London. It flands near the river Hull, from which there is a canal of 6 fur- longs, to the town for the conveyance of boats and barges. Lat. 53. 52. N. Ion. o. 15. W. Markets on Wcdnel.and Saturd, Bi-'urrlcy, an illand tormd by the Severn, near Woicelter. Be'verjlon-Cajile, Glouc. 2 miles NW. of Tedbury. Be-'vington- Coik,;\n{\ Beojington U^ood, Warw. hamlets of Saitord-Piiors. Benjocoj]le, Cnmh. on the river Lcven, above Solli.m Mois. Beiv- cot, Berkf. near the Vale of White- Horfe. BeivMam, Yorkf. near Kirby-Morefide. *Be\vdlev, a neat and popxdous town of Worcefferfliire. It is feated on the Se- vern, and is a place of confiderable trade. It is 14. miles N. of Worccfler, and 128 NW. of London. Lat. 51. 2c. N. ion. 2. o. W. Market on Saturday. Beivers ad Montem, Efiex, near the Maningiree livcr, on the road from Col- chefter to Sudbury. Benx-ers St. Maryy Effex, near Nay land. Berjuers-Giffordy Elfcx, between N. and S. Benflcet. Beiu- ers-Hr.mlet, EfTex, near Steeple- Bumfted. Be-ivfrunt, Northumb. between H-xham and the Pift's wall. Benvhohn, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Beuiick-Toixer, North- umb. on the river Bramifh, S. of Hebborn, Bezvick, Yorkshire, near Aldborough. Bewley or Beaulieu, a riyer of Scotland, which rifcs in the SW. of Rofs- fliire, and palling near the N. border of tnvrrnefsfhuc, forms the fine eftuary on which ftands Invernefs, and which termi- nates in the Frith of Muri-ay. At the mouth of this riyer is the ferry of KifTock, near which is a good fahuon fifhery. Bei<:ley, Hampl. 4 miles E. of Lvming- ton. Bcvj, or Bcaii-Manor, Leicef. near Emley Park. L't'-Tfor//'y, Devonf. between Hathciiey and Launcelton. Be-Tvre Park, Duiham, near Nevirs-Crofs. Beivfey, Lar.ca(hire,NW. of Warrington. Beintf- field, Kent, SW. of Walderfhaie. Bexa. See Beja. Bex, a plealanr vilhge in the canton of Bern, remarkable for iff fait works, which are entered by a fiibterranean paflage cut through the iblid rock. Bexington, and Bexington-lf'ef}, Doifet- /hire, near Abotlbury. Bexley, Kent. SW. of Crayford, 13 miles from London. BextoK, Cheihirc, near Knottesford. Bex- li.-rll, Norfolk, Eaft of Downham. BEZi^Rs, an ancient, large, and hand- ibn;e B I C fome town in the dept. of Herault. The inhabitants are above 17,000 in number, and the counfiy about it abounds in coin, wine and oil. 'I'he rituatit)n is rcm;uk- ably pleaiknt. Jtis feated near the grand ~ cina! on a hill, at the foot of wliicii flows the Orbre, and is 8 iniies from the Medi- ttrr.uican, and 12 NE. ofNarbonne. Lat. 43. 21. N. Ion. 3. 18. E. BiAFARA, a kingdom and it's capital in Negroland, on the river Los-Caniarones. Lat. 10. 10. N. Ion. 17.40. E. BlALOGOROD. SlC AkERMAN. BiANA, a tov-fn of Hindooltan Proper. Biarf^arth,¥/. ofDnrliam. Blarfgrecn, Diuliam, NE. of Binchelter. Blarfuie, Norfilk, near Ebchefter. BibeWam, Suf- fex, in Mayfield parifli. BiBERACH, a free imperial town of Germany, in Suabia, It n^s a mannf»c- tuie in tultians, and is fcbfed in a fertile valley on the river Rlels or Rufs, 17 miles SvSVV. of Ulm. Lat. 48.10 N. ion.9.7.E. EiBERbBERG, a town ot Upper Hua- g ">- BJ-'e-ive!l, Hertfordftrire, W. of Digf- well. Bihrook, K:nt, N. of Afliior.l. BiCETRE, a piifon z miles from Paris. "Bicester, or Burcester, a town in Oxford/liiie, on the road between Oxford and Buckingham, about 12 niiies from each, and 56 from London. Lat. 51. 54. N. Ion. 1. 10. W. Market on Friday. Bi(bam,St,'3ch:'i', Si. Mary, All Saints, and //''(,//. Norf. villages between Down- hum and SwafFham. Bukhorn,, Duiham, D-ar Darlington. Bickjieid, Northumb. N. ot the Pia's-wall. Bickcnbill, VVurw. SW. ofColtfhill, Biik£rJh!ff,LAnc.r,cAv Oi-mfkiik. Bickcrton, C'litlh. VV. ot Choi- mondtley. Bickertcn, Heref. nt-ar Rolfc. Bickcrton, Nortlmmb. SE. of llarbottle- cndle. Bickerton, Yorkf. NE. of We- therhy. Bickford, Staff. SW. of Pcnk- rlJgc. Bickiugtofi, Devon!". N. of A(h- I)iirton. Bickiugton- Abbots y Devonf. near ^ Brad worthy. Bicki»gton-High, DevoiilJi. E. of Torrington. Bicklcton, Heref. near Thornl)Ury. Bi^kley, Ciicfli. near Chol- mcndcley. Bickliy.De'Joni. \V. ofBryd- iiincl). Biikley, Devonl'. NVV.of Plymp- ttin. Bickley, Vorkf. near the Forelf tf Picktrino. BickmcirJh,V/z\\N.on the bor- ders of Gloiic. Bicknall, Staff. 4 miles '6. of Mowcop-hill. Bicknaller, Somcrf. near ^ Stoke-Gonier. Bickncll, Somerf. 4 miles from Taunton. ~ BicknorCy)s.i\M, betwcui Maidlfone and Milton. Bick/iore-EngliJh, Gicuc. 3 miles from Colford, and 5 Irom Monmouth, on the Wye; on the oppolite or W. bank of the Wye, is Bi-'knorc- H'elj].', in Monmomlif. BicktoM, Cornw. He;u Sr. Neat's. Eickton, Dtvonf, 4 miles BIG SW. of Sidmouih. Bichton, Shropf. <\V. of Brockton. Bickton, Shropflure, W. of blirevvflniry. BiDACHE, a fmall town in the d«pt. of the Lower Pyrenees, leated on tfie riv^;i' Bidoufe, I a miles E. of Bayonne. Lat. 43. 31. N. Ion. I. 9. W. BiODASSOA, a river of Spain, rifing in the Pyrenees, and failing into the B ly of Bilcay, between Andaye and For.tcraSia. Bidboroiig;h, Kent, E. of Penflierlt. *BiDDEFOKD, a large town in Devon- fhire, commcdjoudy feated on the river Towridge, over wluch is a bridge with 24 arches. It canies on a confidcrablc trade, and is 16 miles S. by W^. of Iltracomb, and Z03 W. of London. Lat. 51. 10. N. Inn. 4. 20. W, Market on Tuefday. Bidden, Berkfiiire, near lll'ey. *'BlDDENDES,Kent, 5 miles from Cran- brook, S Harden, and Tcnta"den. Biddenham, Bedf. 3, miles W. of Bed- ford. Bidder, a river in Caidiganlbire. Biddidph, Staff, bordering on Chclhire. Bidefden, Wiltfhire, near Luggtrfliall., Bidcjion, \Vjltlhire, near Chippenham. BidicfJicn, Buckmghami". near Biackley m N.jrtliamptonf. Bidlejlon, FLref. Bidicf- njiort/j, Norfolk, between Thetford and Herling. Bidli/igtoa, Suffer, near Braui— ber. Bidjio/i, Chefhire, between Hyle- iake and the river Merfey. B I EC z, a town of Poland, SE. of Cracow, BiELA, orBiELLA, a town of Piedmont. BiELGOROD, See Belgorod. BiELSK, m Poland, capital of Polachia. BiELsKOi, a town of Snioleniko. BiENNE, a town and lakeot'Swiflerland, at the loul of Mount Jura, 17 miles NW. of Bern. It is lubjecl to tlie bifhop ot" Bdil. Lat. 47. il. N. Ion. 7. 10. E. BlEROLIET, or BlERVLIET, a town of Dutch Flanders, 6 miles E. of Sluys. BifrcJis, Kent, near Barham downs. Bi- g^!, or B.!ga, a river in Montgomeryfhire, ruiiiiip^into tiie Severn. Bigbiiry, Dc- vc>n!fl1rer*io miles from Plymouth. 1-)IGGAR, a town of Lanerkfhire. /<.^^i'r,Lanca(liire,nearWalney-Ifland. Biggt/i, VVarwicklhire,near Stoke. Biggin, Warwick/hire, near Newton. Biggin, Der- I'yfhire. in the parifli of Dutfield. Biggin^ Derbyfliire, near Afhboni. *liiGGLESWADE, a town in Bedford- fiiire, feated on the Ivel, being a thorough- fare lietween London and- Vork. It" is one of the greavelt barley markets in Eng- land i 10 miles from Bedford, and 45 froi:* London. Lat, 5a. 6. N. lon.o. zi- W. Mtrket en Tuclday. Bigbto/i, Hamprtiire, near Alresford. Big -Ijku/d, in Down, Uifter, at the en- trance of Canickfergus-bay. BigLvJ, B I L Jutland, Lancafliiie, NW. of Caifmrl. ^li'^riiore, or Jiig»ore, biillcx, ji inileb N. ot Ai iiiuicl. BiGORRr, a cl ckvant prov. of France, now foimiiig t!ie iltpartiiiciit of tlie Upper- Pyrenees. JJiHAE7,,WiHATZ,or ViHiTz, a town of Croatia, Lat. 44- 51. N. Ion. 16.32.E. (BiJINAGUR. See BlSNAGUR. BiJORli, 3 province oi Hindooltan Pro- per, lying bervvem the rivers Indus and viitock. It's dinienliuns are not more than 50 miles by 20, and in many parts it is wild and mountainous. Biker, h'lnc. near Donnington. Bicker, Northumb. i niileE.ot Ncwcultle. Biland- Ahbey, Yoricf. near the valley of Ryedale. BiLBOA, or ViLVAO, a large, liand- fome, and rich (own of Spain, capital of Bilcay, remarkable for the wliolelbmenefs of it's air, and the fertility of the foil about it. It's exports are wool, (word blades, and other iron and fteel 'Aares. It is feat- cd on tlie river Ihnicabal, whicli fall.> into the lea, 50 miles W, of St. Sebaftian, and iSo N. of Madrid. Lat, 43.23. N. Ion. 3. 10, W, Bilboa-, in Limerick, Mtinfter, Bilbrook, Staff, near Codfail. Btlhurgh, NW. of Nottingham, BiUnirgh, Yojkf, near VVetherliy. Bilby, Notting, near E. Ketford. Bi/das, Magna and Par-z'a, Shiopf, near Little-Wenlock. Bildas or Biildas, Shropf. at the foot of theWiekin, BiLDESTON, or BiLSTON, a town in Suftolk, on the river Breton. It's princi- pal bufinefs is fpinning of yarn. It is iz miles SE. of Bury, and 63 NE. of Lon- don. Lat. 52. 16. N. Ion. o. 55. E. Mar- ket on Wednelday. BiLEDULGERiD, the ancient Numidia, nn inland country of Africa, in Barbary, S. of Tunis, The air is lior, hut the foil though dry, yields a confideialile quantity ot barley. Tiie country in Ibme parts is covered with large woods of pahn-trees, from which ilie inhabitants gather vait quantities ot dates, with wiiicli they carry on a confiderable trade. The inhabitants are compofed of the ancient Africans, who lead a fettled life, and the Arabs whoioam about at large. It li^s between 28 and 32 *leg. N. lat. and between 5 and 11 E.lon. Bi/efivick, Gloucefterfliire, near Briltol. BiLEVFLT, or BiELFEi.D.ia Ravenf- burg, We(t(.h;.Ii'. Billam, Yorkfliire, NW. of Doncafter. B1LI.ERICAY, a town of Ertex, leated on a lull, 4.4iiiies from Brentwood, 9 from Ciielmsrord, and 23 from London. Mar- ket on Tuefday. Billt'jhy, LincoliiHure, near Aylesford. B r N BrLi.ESDF.N, 9 miles irorii Leiceller, Maiket on Fi iday. Bill.Jditii, Nurlhumb, near the locks of Clieviot- liiii.i. hdlcjley, Wurw. uctr 5 milts W.of .S'r.uloid upon A»<)n. Billtf- ton, Northumb. N. of thg ("ocjuet and IJf- way rivcis. Billi'ii;, Lane 7 miles SW. of Lfcigli. Biiliiigy Mfjgna and I'awa, z nule-, tioiv, North. tnipton. Billiiigay, Line. 5 miles W. of Talierrtiall. Btlltiipharck, Berkl. in WindforFureH. Billi'/gborough, Lint. E, of Fokiiigham. Billingjord, Nort. S. of Uarlfilyn, ' ' Bit/tngham,Dvrh, 2 miles fromStockton. Billingburjf, Sufl'ex, 4. miles from Ilorfnau). Diilijj^!ey, Voikfliire, W. Riding, between Ncwhali and Ickleton. Bii!i»gftey, Shropi', between Sudbmy and the Severn. Billing- ton, a little S. o^ Stafford. Brlimglon, M.'^gna and Fiiwa, Bedt. in the parilh of Leighton Buzzard. Billington, Great and Little, Kent, ^ miles E. of Tcnttiden. BiLo.kby, Norfolk, 6 milts NW, of Yar- mouth, BiLLOM, a little town in the dept. of Puy (ie D>me, 15 miles SE. of Clermont, Lar, 45. 41, N. Ion. 3, 28. E. BiLMA, a vaft burning drfert of Africa, N. of Boniou, and SE. of Fczzan, between 11 and 25 degrees N. Lat. Bilnry.Eajl, Norfolk, N. of Billington. Biliiey K'eji, Norf, between Swaffhaiu atid Lynn. BUjlorough, Lane, near Garllang, Bilfdah, Yorkf. NW.\)f Kirby-Morelide. Biljbam, or BiJcjham, Somerf, near Ax- bridge. Billhoy, D.jrfetf, a little N. of Bridport, Biljlngton. Great and Litilet Kent, 5 miles £. of Tenterden. BiLSE.N, a town 1 5 miles N. of Liege. Biljlborp, Nott. E. of Lindhurllwood. Biljiun, S'.tifi". near Wolveibiam|)ton. Bil- j'on, Leic. in the parifii of Iiog's-Nort.on. Bilton, Warw. SW. of Rugby. Bilton, Nortluiml). W. of Aylmouth. Bitto?t, ntar Hutton, SW. of Yoik. Bilton in Holdernefs, Y ork (h i re . BiMtNi, one of the Bahama Iflands. Bi M L E P AT A M , a feaporr in the northern Circars, in the D.ccan, iealed on the Bay ot Bengal, 12 miles N . of Vizigapatam. The Dutch have a fmall factory here. Lat. iS. o. N. Ion. 83. 45. E. " BiNARONZ, a fmall town of Valencia. BiNBROKE, Line, between Caiftor and Louth, 30 miles NE. of Lincoln. Market on Wednelday. Binbury, Kent, near Boxley, Binchefler, near Durii. on the river Wear. Bincombf Dorietf. N. of Weymouth. Binderton, SulTcx, NW. of Cliicheller. Bindon, Cornw. NE. of Ealflow. Bindon, Devonf, in tile parifli ci Axuiouth. Bindon, Dov- fetf. B I R fetf. 6 miles SW.of Wareham. Binerion, Cornvv. near Gndolphin. BihfieU, Berks, real Biiiingbear. Binfield Ptwa, Berks, berween Reading and Henley. Bingan, a nnountain in Down, Ulfter. BiNCAZA, a feapoit of Baica. BiNCH, a town of Hainault, SE. of Mons. In its juiikliftion were 51 towns and villages.' BiNGEN, an ancient and handfome town' of Mentz, feated at tlie confiacnce of the Nave and Rliine. Lat.4.9.49.N.ion.8.o.E. Bingfield, Northumb. between Hexham and Moiprith, Bingham, a fmall ftraggling town, 8 nlles E. of Nottingham, in the Vale of Belvoir. Markft on Thurfday. Bi»gbam"s, Dorfetrnlre, S. ofBeminfter, near Worth-Francis. BiNGLEY, a pleafantly fituated little town, in the W. Riding of York.(hire. It is leated in a valley on the river Aire, but though there arc high hills about it, the fituation is dry. The canal from hence towards Skipton in Craven, is raifed at once, up the fide of a hill, by a iiicceffion of locks one above another, whereby a veiy long level is obtained. It is 30 miles W. by S. of York, and 201 NNW. of Lon- don. Lat. 53. 50. N. Ion. i.'40. W. Binkam, Norfolk, 4. miles from Wells. B't/iley, Warw. near Coventry. Bi/i?irigf, Dorictf. 2 miles fiom Wareham. Binf- comh, Surry, near Godalming. Binjltd, Hants, 4 miles from Farnham. Bin/lead, Surtex, near Arundel. Binjfedd, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Binlrey, Norfolk, 4 or 5 inilcs N. of Repeliani. BioRNEBURG, a town of Finland, 80 miles N. of Abo. Lat.6 1 .4a.N. lon.22.5.E. BiR, Be^r, or BirAidschik,. a town of Diarbcck, in a fertile country on the Eiiphratts, 50 miles^^E. of Aleppo. Lat. 36. 10. N. Ion. 36. 2o. W. Birchgro-'ue, in Wexford, Lcinfter. Birch, Lane, near Warrington. Birch, Shroplhire, near Ryton of the ix towns. Birch, Great and Little, EfFex, 5 miles S. W. of Colciiefter. Birchcdl, Hercf ; N. of Leominller, Birchanger, F.dex, in the pa- rifli of Newport. Birches, I'he, Sluopf. be- tween Colebrookdale aiul Builder's bridge. An earthquake happened here in 1773, when tiie ground was rent in feveral places, and thrown into cinfuled heaps ; a wood, turnpike-road, fields, hedges, houfes. Sic. were tlnown ovit of their former fituatlons, tile bed of the Severn was choked up, and the river diverted into a newchaimel, cauf- jng for the time a great inundation above, and fo iu'dden a fall below, that many firties were left on dry land, and feveral barges were heeled over, till the river, remarkably B I R deep at the time, at length forcing It's way down, overwhelmed or funk them. . Birches, Chefh. W. of Macclesfield, on the river Pever. Birckets, Deibl'. in Scarf- dale. Birchill, Derbyf. NE. of Bakewcli. Birchi/2gt07i., Kent, in the lile of Tiianct, W. of Margate, Bircholt, Kent, near Afliford. Bircko-ver, in the High P.ak of Derby. Bircoate, Nott. W. of Tuxford, Birdenbury, Heref. near Bromyard. Bird- ley, Gloucef. 6 miles NE. of Paynfwick. Birdfcdl, Yorkf. near Malton. Birkbcy^ Cumb. near Marvport. Birkbey, Yoikf. NW. ofN. Allei-ton. Birkdale, Yoikf. on the borders of Weftm. Birkeithead, Cheili. betv/een the- Dee and the Merfey. BimcENFiELD, a town in the circle of thcUppcr Rhine, 30 miles ENE.of Treves, Lat. 49. 55. N. Ion. 7. 14. E. Birkes, Northumb. between Whitechef- ter and the Tyne. Birkin, a river in Che- fliire, running into the BoUin, below Afli- ley. Birkin, Yorkf. ni.ar Ferry-bridge. Birkley, Northumb. near Wark, but en the N. fide of the Tyne. Birkley-Street, I mile N. of Chtrfttr. BirVtug, Kent, near Town- Mailing. Birliagha!;!, Worcel. 4. miles SW. of Perfliorc. Birling, St. An- drenv, Si. Edmund, and St. Peter, 4 miles NE. of Norwich. *BlRMiNGHAM, a large town in War- wickfliire, long noted for its l-.ardware ma- nufaff urts. It is no corporation, and therci fore freeforany peribnto fettletiiere, which has greatly contributed to theincreafe, not only of the buildings, but of the trade^ which is now no longer confined to fmall wares, but includes the more mafFive woiks of rhe founders, and alfothe improved fteam engines, by means of which, indeed, they carry on their heavier works, as tiiey have not liere any confiderable (iream of water. The houles have been computed at 7000, and the inhabitants at 60,000, but their number is continually increafing, and the furrounding country to a confiderable dif- tance, efpecially towards Wolveriiampton, feems like a continued town peopled with induftrious inhabitants, Birmingham, from the appearance of the -houfes, the bullle in the ifreets, and particularly from the continual palling of the ffage-coaches, has n)uch there&mblanccof the metropolis. It's manufaftures are lent to every quarter of the globe, and in cheapnefs aud beauty- are unrivalled. It ftands on the fide of a hill, 17 miles NW. of Conventry, and 116 of London. Lat. 52. 30. N. Ion. i. 50. W. Market 011 Thuriday. •BiR, now called Pailbns-Town, a town in King's-Couuty, Lcinfter, 63 miles from Dublin. Birrini'},'!, Hfref. near Teubury. Bir- G riion, BIS ritofi, Heref. 3 miles N. of Leominftcr. Birthin, a river in Monmoiirhfhire. Birth- olm-Lotige, HuntingiloiiC. W. of'Biitlgen. Kirtley, V)m\\. \V. of Monk- Wt'iumoiith. Birts-Morton, Worcef. near Ptrftiore. BlREiiisCA, a town in Old Callile. BiR7,A, in Samogitia, 41 miles SE. of Mitt^ii. BisAcciA, a finnl! town of Nzkples. Bijiroke, Ki'U. E. of Uiipingham. Bif- caiu }{^oa}j,BoJie>ina, or Bojc a-zvefi, Corn w, at the Land's- End. BiscAr, a province of Spain, bounded on the W. and SW. by Alhuiaa and Old Caftile, on the N. by the Bay of Bifcay, on the E. by Navarre, and on the S. by Old Caftile and Navarre. It is about 4K miles in length, and 30 in its greateft breadth. Bilcay produce§ apples, oranges, citrons, corn,&c. They have timber for fliip-building, and mines of iron and lead, which they alfo mairafatlure ; the adjoin- ing fea alfo fupplies thcin with filh, and ren- ders their trade very flourilhing ; their fea- inen are accounted the bell in Spain. The iiifcayners are of Celtic extraction, and ifili prelerve their peculiar language, the Bafque, which has no affinity with any other in Europe. Bilboa is the capital. Biscay, New, a province of Mexico, in which are mines of lilverand lead. BiscHOFSHEiM, a town of Mentz. BisCKOFS Werda, a town ot Upper Saxony, 20 miles E. of Drelden. BiscHOFs Zell, a handfome town of Thurgaw in Swillerland, feated at the con- fluence of the Sitter and Thur, 12 miles Jiearly S. of Conftance. The inhabitants are both Romanifts and Prottftants, and al- ternately make ufe of the famehoufe for pub- lic worfliip. Lat. 47. 27. N. Ion. 9. 13. E. BiscHWEiLLEN, in the dept. of the LowerRhine. Lat. 48. 40. N. Ion. 7. 51. E. Bifcott, Btdf. in the purifii of Luton. BiSEGUA, a town of Tcira di Bari, Naples, near the Gulf of Venice, 6 miles from Trani. Lat. 41. zi. Ion. 16. 45. E. BiSERTA, a Icaport of Tunis. ■ Bijham, Berks, on the Thames, neaily oppofite to Great Marlow. Bijliamptom, ■Worcef. N. cf Perfhore. Bij'bcourt, Sur- ry, tiear Builiow. Bijhop-Aukland. See AuUajtd Bijhop. I "*Bishop's-Casti,e, a clean, neat, lit- tle town in Shropihire. It is leated on the river Clun, and it's market, (on Friday) is much fretiuented bv the Welch. It is 41 miles NW. of Worceltsr, 8 SE. of Montgomery, and 152 NW. by W. of London. Lat. 52. 22. N. Ion'. 2. 55. W. Bishop AND his Clerks, Irt-leillands and rocks on the ccall of Pembrokefl-iire, near St. David's, dangerous to fcamen, B I T where a light-houfe was ere£^ed in ly/f* Lat. |;i. 57. N. Ion. 5. 20. W. Bijiiopjhoarn, Kent, near Canterbuiy. Bi//iop's Cancih'. See Candle -Bijliopi. Bi- J^-'op's- Ed!^e,D~rby(\nic, in the High-Peak. BiJ/wp's-Hall, Middl. between Mile- End. and Hackney. Bijliopjley, Durham, SW, of ^Vollingham, Bi/hop's-Lidiard, So- merlclftiire, 5 miles from Taunton. Bi- P'Op's Stan'.on, Devonf. near Tingmouth. *Bi»iioP - Stortford, a town of Herts, feated on the fide of a hill, on the rivtr Stort, which has been m.ade naviga- ble hence to the river Lea. It is 12 miles NE. of Hertford, and 30 N. by E. of Lon- don, Lat. 51. 54. N. Ion. c. 15. E, Market on Thurlday. Bishop'sWaltham. SeeWALTHAM. Bipmpjlon, Warw. a liamlet of Strat- ford-upon-Avon. Bijfiopjion, Bucks, near Aylcfbury. Bi/hopjhn, Heref. SW. of Credenhill. BiJhop>Jion., Suflbx, near New- liavtn. Biptopjhn, Wiltf. 7 miles SW. of Salilbury. Bijhopjlon, Wiltf. near Wan- borough. B'JJiopjiro'ui, Wiltf. between Heytefbury and Warminiler. B'lfJ-op^i- If'j'ie, near Worcefter. Bi/!ioptcn, Durh. 3 miles W. of Siockton. Bijltton, Glouc. in the parifli of Tiddenham. Bi/Jiton, Staff, near Stone. Bijhton-C^fde, Monraouthf. Bisir.NANO, a town of Calabria. Bijkthcrp, Line, on the river Bane, be- tween Market-Raifin and Burwell. Bijley, Surry, 3 miles N. of Woking. Bijley, Gloucefter/lilre, 9 miles from Cirencclfer. Market on Thurlday. BiSNAGAR, a town of the peninfula of Hindooftan, in the kingdom of Mylbre. It is feated on the W. bank of the river Tungeba:an, 4. Iroin Newniiam, and 8 from Glou- ctlkr. Blaife, St. Cornw, near St. Auftel. Bi.Aisoi;>, a ci devant province of France, tiic capital of which was Blois. It now forms fhc dept. of Loire and Cher. Blakemore-l'orelJy Dorl'etf. E. of Shcr- burn. Blahen-Hidl Chefn. NW.of Chef- ter. BlakeiihufK, Great and Little, Suff, SE. of Necdham. B!akenn:ore, Yorkf. N. Kiding, N. of Pickering-Forcft. Blake- ney, Gloiic. between the iortit of Dean and Gatcomb, on the Severn. Bhdeney, Norf. near Lynn Regis. Blakcny, Noif. near Clay, now called Sniiterby. BlaKeJley, Northamp. 6 miles SW. of Towcclter. Blake-vorib, Northumb. 6 miles NE. of Newcaftle. Blamont, a town in the depf. of Meurthe, featcd on the river Ve70uze, li miles E. of LuneviUe. Lat. 4.8. 40. N. ion. 6. 52. E. Blafiaj^zvetit, Monmovithflure, on the borders of Brecknockfliire. Blanc, Le, a town in the dept. of In- dre, on the river Creule, 35 nules E. of Poitiers. Lat. 46. 38. N. km. i, 13. E. Blanc, Mont, iormcrly Savoy, a de- partment of France, bonnded on the W. by the Rhone, which parts it from Ain, on the N. by the Lake of Geneva, which parts it from Swifllriand, on the E. by the Alps, which divide it from the Vallais and Piedmont, and on the S. by the depart- ments of Upper Alps and Ifere. It is S3 miles in length, and 67 in breadth. The country is hilly, and the air cool ; but the loil is pretty fertile, and the mountains, which are not covered with fnow in win- ter, abound with paftures that feed a vaft number of cattle. There is alio a great deal of game, among which are rtag^, fal- lovv-detr, roe-bucks, wild- boars, bears, marmouts, lures, partridges, wood-cocks, pheafants, &c. The lakes abound with fifti, and the inhabitants are induftrious and fober. The principal rivers are the Ifere, Arc, and Arve. Chamberry is the principal town. Blanc-Mont, one of the higheft mountains of the Alps, in that department of France to which it gives it's name. It is diftinguifhed from the other mountains *iy having it's ftimnnt and ildcs clothed, to E L A a confiderablc depth, by a mantle of fnow', almoft v/ithout ti»e interventicn of the Icaft rock to break the glare of the wliite aj)pear- ance ; it is from this circumflance that it is called Mont Blanc, it riles is.fi'Sz feet above the level of the fea, v iiich is 414 feet higher than the Peak cf TcnerifF. The fummit was deemed inaccfli'^ie till 1786, wlien Paccard afceryied i', a;, did SaufTure in 1787. The baromrier on the fummit was down to 16 inches i line. . BlanCa, an ifland N. of Margarita, near tlie coaft of Terra Fit maw Bla7ichland, Northumberland, en the borders or Durham. Blanco, a cape of Peru, on the S. Sea, Lat. 3. 45. S. Ion. 83. o. W. Blanco, Capk, on the VV. coaft of Africa, N. of the river Senegal. Lat. ao. 55. N. Ion. 17. 5. W.- *Bla NDFORD, a handfome and populous town ofDorfctfliire, pleafantly lesrcdo.ithe river Stour, near the Downs. It hns a ma- nufacture of fhirt buttons, of which more are made here than in any ot hcrpnr: of Eng- land ; cloth alfo, and malt arc made here. It is j8 mijes NE. ofDorchefttr, and 104 W. by S. of London. Lat. 50. 53. N. Ion, 2. 14. W. Market on Saturday. Blanes, a fea-port of Catalonia. Blanet. See Pok-tLouis. BLANKENSEao, a town of Btrg in Welfphalia. Lat. 50. 4-^. N. Ion. 7. 30. L'. Blankenburg, a town ?.nd diltiifl of. Lower Saxony. Lat.5i.5o.N. lon.ii.io.IC. . BLANfCE^'HKiM, a town and couiuy of Treves, Weftphaiia. . Blankney, Line. NE. of Sleafcr i. BlaREGNIES. S^e MALPLAqULT. Blarney, inMunffer, 3 miles W. of tije city of Cork, and 128 from Dublin. Blafey, St. Cornw. 5 miles froni Fowey. Blafe Chapel, Si. Glouc. between Henbmy and Weftbury. Blafon, Leic. near Hal- laton. Blasques, a clufter of. fmall iflandj, 12 in ndmber, but4of themareonly rocks, off Dingle-Bay, in Kerry Munller. Lat, 52. o. N. Ion. 10. 40. W. Blaueeuren, inW irtembejg, Snaljj.i. Blaugher'y, LeiceP^eifhiie, near Ailiby- de-la-Zouch. Blr.n.vith, Lancafliire, N. of Ulverfton. Blaxkall, Suffolk, between Orford and Framlingham. Blaydan, Dur- ham, W. of Newcalile. Blaye, an ancient town in the d.'pt. of Gironde, on the river Gironde, which is here 3800 y.irds wide. li's harbour is much frequented by foreigners, and it's trade conlifls chieiiy in the white and red wines of the adjacent country. It is 17 miles N. of Bourdeaux, LaN 4-5- /• J^- lan.o. 35. W, . • B L O Dlajfofj. Gloucef. NW. of Weftbury. Bleackky, Bucks, W. of Fenny- Stratford. Blakefvjare, Hert.*. near Ware. Bleane, K^^nt, 4 miles NW, of Canterbury. Bleajieyt Nott. a hamlet of Southwell. Blechingky, Surrv, 5 miles from Ryegate. Blechingtcn, 6 iriiles from Oxfoni. Bleck- HulU Cumb. S. of CarHlle. Bleck-Hall, Mici'll. on the Lee river, oppofite Chisjford in Efl'-x. Blcdlovj, Bucks, between Prin- ce's-Rifborou^h and OxFordfhire. Eled- dington, Gloucef, 4 miles SE. oF Stow on the Would. B^egon. Somenetf. 7 miles from Huntfpill. Bkncogo, Cumb. in the pariih oi'Bromfield. Blertconv, Magna And Far'va, Cumb. in 'he puifh of Dacor. B'encrag, or Blincrake-Hnll, Cumb, near .Gilcrols. Bleiid'wor:h, Hants, between ■Portlmoutii and "Petcrsfitld. Blengo, Cumb. a river running into the Irt, near liton. Blenheim, a village in Suabia, memo- rable for a viftcry gained over the French and Bivarians, by the duke of Marlbo- rough, Auguft 1, 1704. Lat. 48,40. N. Ion. 10. ^5. E. Blenksi n-Hoiife, Oxf. near Woodftock, a magnficenf palace, built for the fiift dvk; of MiriboEough, at the expence of the tuition, in commemoration ot the abovc- iTientioncd viftory, Blenkarn, Cumb, 4 -miles NW. of Appleby, Bknkenjhip, Nnrthumb. near the Pifts'-Wall, on the edge of Cumb. Blennerhajjet, Cumb. pa- ri/h of Torpenhoe. • *Blessington, a town of Wicklow, till Leiniter, pleai'antly fcated on a rifrng ground, near the Litfey, 14 miles SW. of Dublin, Lat. 53. 10. N. Ion. 6.40. W. Bieiarn, Weftm. NW. of Kirby-Lonf- dale. Bletchington, Sullex, near Bi ight- lielmftone. Bletchington, Suffex, N. of Ealfhourn, Bietherzvick, Northamp. near ■King's-Cliff. Bletfoe, Bedf. on the Oufe, .between Bedford and OJehill. Ble^vberry, Beiks, ne;ir Wallingford. Bie-iv-Houfi, Middl. W, of Enfield Chafe. Blejdon, Somerf. near Uphill. Bilborough, Line. S. of Kirton. Blickling, Norf. near Alefiiam. BlideJIo-cV, or BlileJJo'u), Gloiicef. near Awre. Bi'unhill, S.aff. W. of Penkridge. Blijland, Cornw. S. of Temple-Moor, Blith, a town of Nottinghamshire, 23 miles NNW. of Newark, and 146 N. by W. ot London. Lat. 53. 22. N. Ion, 1, 10. W. Market on Tiiurfday. Blitkfiuld, Staff, near Figet's- Bromley. Bliihford: Suif. E. of Halefworth. Blifh. Hall; Warw. near Shultock. Blttl/s- Nezvk, Northnmb. on the coaft between Hnrtley and Newbiggin, Bliton, Line. W. of BUborongh, BleckpU, Surry, near E. Giinltead, Elockliy, a viihge of B O C Worcef. though cncompaiTed by Gloucef. It is 7 miles SE. of Eve/liam, Blsckiey, Gloucef. between Stow and Cimden. Blockzyll, a town of the United Provinces, in OverylTc], at the mouth of the river Aa, on Zuider-Zee, where there is a good harbour, 8 miles SW. of Sten- wick, Lar. 52. 44. N, Ion. 5. 49. E. Bhd-jjal, hhropi: S. ofOfwdtry, Blod^ iwrth, Njtt. S. of Sherwood-Foreft. Blois, an ancient ami liandTome com- mercial city in the dept. of Loire an;i Cher. It is pleafantly feated on the Loire, in one of the fincft countries in France. The fpeftator is ftruck with the idea of an amphitheatre, in lireing the manner in which the ftreets are difpofed, like rows of I'eats one above another againft the hill. Here arc fome fine fountains and a new bridge, one of tlic beft in France. It is noted for the fine watches tliat are made here; and the French lan- guage is thought to be fpoken here ui'h the greateft purify. B'ois is 47 miles NE. of Tours, and ico SW, of Pari&« Lat. 47. 35. N. Ion. 1. 15. E, Br.ONEiz, or Broneiz, in Mafovia. Blore-Hall, Sraff. near Okeover. Blore- Heath, Staft', on the borders of Shropf, Blcjienhim, Cornwall, NW. of Saltalh. Bloixfiuld, 4 miles NE, of Norwich. Blo-M Norton, Norf. SE. of E. Harling. Bloxham, Oxf. near Banbury, Bloxkamt Line, near Sleaford. Bhxzvl:h, Staff. NW. ofWalfal. Bloxiuortk, Dorfetf. 4 ir.iles E, of Bare, Blundolejhay, Dorfetfh. in the parifh of Whitchurch. Blnndefdon^ Suffolk, NW. of Leolloff. Bluud's -Court, Oxf. SW. of Henley. Blungoed, Wonm. 6 miles SW. of Abergavenny. Blunham, Bedf. 4 miles W. of Potton, 'Blu?ifdon- Broad, Bury St. Andre^vs, Wilts, beiweea Cricklade and Berks. BluntJJiam, Huntf. S. of Erith. Blurton, Staff. 2 miles SE. of Newcaftle-iinder-Line. Blyfoog, a river in Pembrokf. Bl}f~cvorth, herv/ten North- ampton and Towceltrr. Blythborcugh^ SulF. on the Eiythe. Blytke, a river in Warw. another in Suff. and a third in Northumb. Bohhing, Kent, near Sittingbourn. BoiJE.NHAUSEN, a town of Up, Hefi«, 3 miles from Frankfort on the Maine. Eohington, Staff.onthe borders of Shropf. Bolingivorth, Elf. NE. of Eitping-Foreft. BoEBio, a town of the Mihnae, Italy, BoBio, or BiOBio, a river of Chili. ]>OCAT, a fine valley of Syria, in which are fiiur.ted the fplendid ruins of Ealbec. BoccA Chica, tlie entrance inta the harbour of Carihagena, in S. America. Bocca-dcl-Drago, a ftrait between Trinidad 1(1 e and Parta, in Terra Firnia. Bcckampion, 3 miles NE. of Dorchei>cr, G 3 Bozn^Viih, B O I BocTiARiA. Sec Bokhara. BocHETTA, a chain of mountains in tlie territory of" Genoa, over wliicli llieie is a road to Lombardy ; the pafs on the pe«k ot the highcit mountain, which is fo narrow as hanily to achnit three men to go alireaft, is nlfo called B-'chetta. Bockham, Ma^^tia and Pawa, Surry, near Leatherhend, 5 miles tr^ m Guildford. BockcnfichU Noilliumb. near Eland. BocxiNG, ElTex, adjoining Braintree, roted lor the manufafture of baize. It is 41 miles NE. ot London. Bo:kleton, Worcef. S. of Tenbury. Bo- /,berwecnGlou- cefter and Cheltenham. Bodiam, Suffex, 9 miles from Wincheiiea. Bodkam, Norl. Xiear Holt. Bodicot, Oxf. near Banbury. Bodington, Hunt, near Bugden. Bodington, Northamptoiif. N. of Chipping- Warden. Bodiskam-Hall, near Cambridge. * Bodmin, Cornwall, 32 miles NE. of Falmouth. Market on Saturday. BoDON, a town of Bulgaria, in Turkey. BodregeUfComw. on Trewardredi-Bay, Bodrigy, Cornw. near St. Ives Bay, BoDROG, a town of Hungary. BoESCHOT, a town of Brabant. Bog, or Bug, a river of Poland. BoGLxo, a town of the county of Nice, x5 miles NW. of that city, Bognor, Suffex, on the coaft near Selfey. BOGOTO, the capital of New Granada, in Terra-Firma, near which, are gold- mines. Lat. 4. o. N. Ion. 73. 53, W. Bohemia, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the W. by Bavaria, Franconia, and Upper Saxony ; on the N. and NE. by MiAiia, Lufatia, and Silefia ; on theE. by Siltfia and Moravia, and on theS. by Au- ftria. It is 200 miles in length, and 150 in breadth, is fertile in corn and pafture, and has leveral forefts, in which there is a variety of wild animals. In the moun- tains there are mines of go'd, filver, cop- per, tin, ir< n, and lead, and in foine parts precious ftones of different kinds are found. The language of the Bohemians is the Sclavonic, with a mixture of the German; t!>eir profefFion of religion, the Komifh j here are feveral Frotellants and Jews. The capital is Prague. It is fub- je(Sl to t!ie Houfe of Aullria, BOHOL, one of the Philippine Iflands, BoiANO, a town of Naples, BoiNiTZ, a town of Hungary, Bois-LE-Duc, a large and handlbme B O L town of Dutch Brabant, feated among morallcs, between the rivers Dotnmel and Aa, 2» milts E. by N. of Hrcda, 45 NE. of Antwerp, and 45 SSE. of Amfterdam. Lat. 51. 4.0. N. Ion. 5. 16. E. Bokhara, the capital of Bokharia, Bjciiaria, or Bucharia, which is a country of W. Tartaiy, the ancient Sogdiana. It IS a large, populous place, feated on a rif- iiig ground : the houl'es arc low, and nioll- ly built of inud, but (he caravanl'cras and moiques, which are numerous, are all of brick. Gieat numbers of Jews and Ara- bians frequent this place: but the khail leizes on their pnlleflions at h's plealure. It is 100 miles W. by S. of Samarcand. Lat. 39. 15. N. Ion. 65. i;c, E. BoLAHOLA. one of the S ci i' I/lands. Bolam. Nonhumb. 5 miles SW.o< Mor- peth. Bolas- Magna, Sluopfhire 7 nules NW. ot Newport. BoU'roh, SuflT. 3 miles from E.iff Grinltead. Bold, Lane. bE. of Prelcot. Bolden, Durh. z I'r.ilts rrom Sun- derland, and 3 from Shields. Bolderhurji, .and Boldre, Hampfliire, botlj in the Ncw- Foreft. Bole H^dl, W:Hrw. a hamlet in the parifh of Tamworrh, BoLESLAW. or BuNTZLAU, a town and diilri6t ot Bohemia, Lat. 51. 12. N. Ion. 16. 10. E. BOLI, or BoLLi, a town of Natolia. BoLiNGF.ROKE, 29 miles SE. of Lin- coln. Market on Tuefday. BoLKOWiTZ, a town of Silefia. Bole, Nott. near Gainlljorough. Bollin, a river in Chefhire. BoUingtcn, Chcfh. near Macclesfield. Bollijdony Northumb. in Woller. BolliJIo, Cornw. near the Land's- End. Bolfiey, Norf. near Cieffingham- Parva. Bolney, Oxf. near Henly-upcn- Thames. Boincj', Suflex, near Cuckfield. Bolnhurjl, Bcdfordf, between Wodhil and Bulh-Mead, Bologna, an ancient, large, and rich town of Italy, capital of the Bolognefe. It's palaces, churches, and other pub- lic buildings, are very numerous, and fi- nifhed in a luperior flyle of architefiure ; and, perhaps, no town in the world, Rome excepted, is fo rich in paintings. The private houfes are well-built, and the city contains about 80,000 inhabitants. They carry on a ccnljderable tiade in filks and velvets, which are manufaiSfured here in great perfeiSlion. The river Remo, which runs near the city, turns 400 mills for the lilk-works ; and there is a carial hence to the Po. Bolcgna is feated at the foot of the Apennines, 22 miles SE. of Mudena, and 175 NW. of Rome. Lat. 44. 30. N. Ion. II. 26. E. '' BoLOGNESK, a province of Italy, in the Pope's teaitoiics, bounded on the W. by Modena, BOM Modena; on the N. by the Ferraiefe ; on the E. by Romagna; and on the S. by Xulbany. It is watered by many ImiiU rivers, and it's foil is extremely fertile, producing all forts of grain and fniits, par- ticularly rnufkadine grapes, wiiich are in high efteem, and oil in immenfe quanti- ties ; hence it's capital is ca!I^;d Bologna the Fat. The coiinrry round it, for feveral miles, feenvs one continued garden. Tlie vineyards are not divided by hedges, but by rows of elms and inulberry- trees, the vines hanging in feftoons troin one tree to another, in a very pi6turelque and beau- tiful manner. Here are mines ot alum and iron. The people Icem to be induftrioiis, and to enjoy, under the mild government of the Pope, the fruits of their labour. Bolfcot, Oxfordfhire", near Chadlington. BoLSENNA, a lake and a town in the Pope's territories, 45 miles N. of Rome. Lar. 42. 38. N. Ion. 12. 13. E. BOLSOVER, a large well-built town of Derhyfliire, noted for the manufacture of tobacco-pipes. Market on Fridaj', Bcljlon Borough, near Wells, Shepton- Mallet, and Glaltonbury. BoLSWAERT, a town of the United Provinces, in W. Friefland, 8 miles N. of Slonten. Lat. 53.3. N. Ion. 5. 15. E. Bolthj, Yorkihirc, near Northallerton. *BoLTOx, a town of Lai'.cafliire, noted for it's medicinal waters, but more fo for it's manufaftures of fuliians and counter- panes, dimities, and muflins. It liands amidft dreary moors, 11 miles NW. of Manchcfter, and 193 NNW. of London, I^iarket on Monday, Bolto>2.,ii ofLancafter, 237 miles from London, isj/'i/;, Cumb. near Ireby. Bol- fon, YorkHire, E. of Richmond. Bolton, Yorkfhire, W. of Barnard- Callle. Bolton, Yorkf. SW, of Gifboi n. Boiton, Yorkf. NE. of Skipton. Bolt07t, Yorkf. N. of Rotheiham, and 7'miles W. of Doncafter. Bolton, Lane, between B ;rv and Wigan. Bolton, E. W. and little, York!". N. Rid- ing, near Midlam a-d Wcullaw-Drle. Bolton in theSands, Wellni. near Kendal. Bolton-Percy, Yorkf. near Nun- Appleton. Bolzano, or Bostzen, a town in Tirol. BoMAL, a town of Luxemburg, Bombay, an ifland of Hmdooltan, on the W. coalt of the Deccan, 7 miles in length, and 20 in circumference. Tiie ground is barren, and good water fcaree. It was formerly accounted very unhealthy ; but by draining the fwamps and bogs, the air is improved. It has a capacious harbour, or bay, reckoned the finelt haven in the Indies, where whole fleets f.nd fhel- ter and ftcurity in all feafvns, Bcikl^js the BOO town of Bombay, which is a large city, there are other fmaller ones upon this ifland. The inhabitants are of feveral na- tions, and very numerous : they have abundance of cocoa- nuts, butfcarcely any corn or cattle, jt is one of the three prc- /idencits of the Engli(h E. India Compa- ny, by which their oriental territories are governed, and it is 150 miles S. of Surat. Lat. 18. 58. N. Ion. 7J. 38. E. BOiMENE, a fea-port of Zealand. Bom MEL, in Dutch Cuelderland. Botnjhn, Dorfetf. near Bcckhampton, Bonaire, an ifland of Terra Firma. BoNAVENTURA, afca-port, in Popay- an, S. America. BoNAViSTA, a Cape-de-Verd irte. ■ BoN'AviSTA, a line bay, and a cape on the E. fideot Newfoundland. Boncrtfton, Somerf. near Bath. Bond- bufk, Nott. a hamlet of Cokeney, Bone- Church, Kle of Wigiit, in Eaft Medina. Boneivell, Heref. near Rlcbaid's-Caflie and Croft's-Caltle. Bonifacio, a feaport of Corfica. BoningeiU, Shropfli. near Albrighton. Bonington, Kent, in Romney Mari:Il, Siury, ni.ar Homcfbury Hill. Bortlj, Eflex, on the borders of Suffolk. Bore^ flace, Kent, 5 miles W. of Tunbiidge. Bcrejhvcnh, or Bofwonh- llujbands, Leic. bordering on Northamptonfliire. I? RGO, in N viand, SvveJ.cn, en the Gil If of Finland. Lat. 60. 34.. N. Ion. 15. 40. E. Bo R go-Forte, a town of Mantua. BORG.O-SAN DONINO, in Plactniia, Italy. Lat. 44. 58. N. Ion. 10. 6. E. BoRGO-Di-SAN Sepolcro, a town of Tiilcany. Lat. 43. 32. N. Ion. 12. 7. E. Borgo Val-di-Taro, a town and territory of Parma. Borheen-, in Limerick, Munller. BoRjA, prBoRTA, a town of Arragon. BoR]QUE!)J, or BRi-QUE, a W. liidia Ifland, A lit:le E. of Parto-Rico. It is uninhabired, though agreeable and fertile, the air whokfome, an.-i the water good. I^and-crabs are numeixus here, whencfe I'ome rail it.Crab-Illand. Lat. 18. o. N. Ion. SS. o. \V. BoRisTHENES. See Dn-jeper. BoRKF.LO, a town of Ziitphen. Born:er, SulTex, W. of Lewes. BoRxMio, a town and county of the Giiuins. Borne, a river in St-.ff. running into the Tame. Borne End, Bcdf. near Vv oburn. Borneo, an ifland In the Indian Ar- chipelrigo, about 1800 miles in circum- ference. It produces feveral forts ot fruit in great abundance, excellent malHc, and oth-.r guir.s, wax, rice, cania, honey, cot- ton, camphire, fVat.kmctnfc, muflc, aloes, agaric, brafil-wood, fapan, pepper, cinna- n-.on,- and other fpices : diamonds and gold- dt'ft are iound in their rivers and laiKls. Their anmials are eltpliants, huttaloes, Qxcn, hoffes, tigers, bears, monkeys, cjeer, goats, parrots, parroquets, and other birds ; and they have great plenty of fea and river fil^. The iuhabitanu on the fea- B O R coaft are Mahometans 5 hut in the interior they are Gentoos. In 1772, tluEngliOiob- taintd a giant from the Sooloos, of the N. part of the ifland. On tf.c fca-coall, and n^.ir the rivers, the land is uAially over- flowed half the year by the heavy an-l con- tinual rains, for which rcafon fome of the houfes are buih on floats, and others on high pillirs. Borneo lii-s E. of Sumatra anil Malacca. The capital is of the Jiiine name, large and populous, with a good harbour, and fcatcd on the NW. fide of the illand. Lat. 4. 55. N. Ion. 11 1.27. E. Bornholm, an ifl;.nd of Denmark. BORNOU, an exttr.five country in the interior part of Africa, lying to the SE. of Fezzan and Bcidoa 5 between 1 6 ard 20 degrees of N. lit. having the Defert of Bilma on the N. Nubia on the E. and Bgarmee on the S. Two lenfons divide their year. During our lummei-monthi tliey have intenle ieat, violent winds, de- luges of rain, and dreadiul tempefts of tliunder and lightning ; but, dui iog the winter or Europe, the ardent heat iuhlldes, tlic air becomes Toft and mild, and the weather ferene. They have a great variety of animal and vegetable productions. Tliey ni:inuia6\ure cotton, which they wear, and cultivate the ground with lioes ; the plough being unknown. Many differ- ent languages, it is laid 30, are fpoken ill Burnou, and it's dependencies. Their re- ligious profefTion is MahometaniI'm J their government a fqi t of e^ftive monarchy. In their manntrs the people are courteous and humane. • BoRNOu, the capital of the empire of Bornou in Africa, is fiiuated In a flat countrvj on the banks of a I'mall river. It is 0' greater extent than Tripoli 5 but the houles, though neat, arc fo irregularly placed, that they can hardly be "laid to form (treets. Their mofques are conlbuft- ed of brick and earth, and they have fchools in which the Koran is taughf, as in the principal towns or Barbary. It is 650 miles .E. ot Mourzouk. Lr.t. 19. 40. N. Ion. 25. 30. E. Borocate, Hants, between MIcheldover a,nd Br wn-Condover. Borodean, Hants, between Bram's-Dean and Prior's-Dean. * BoROUGHBfRDGE, a town in Yorlc- fiiiie-, 17 nules NW. of York, and 21? N. by W. of Lonvlon. Lat. 54. 10. N, loPi 1, 25. W. Mai ket en Saturday. Borough CajlU', Hints, near Spithead. Borough- Gr £1:11, Niut'. 2 miles NE. of At- tlebiio'.igh. ^JWi^^A.Glouc. near Berkeley, Borris, in Cailow, Lcinftcr. *BoRRi5,or Burros i.N-Os SO RY, in Qutcn's county, Ltinllcr. BorriJckcGiii in Tipperary, Munf^er. BORRiSOLHAGH, BOS BoRRisoLEAGH, ill Tlppevary. BoRRODALE, in the SE. part ot Cum- berland, boitlering on WcltmorlanJ, a ro- mantic valley among Derwent-wattr tells. Theie tells or hills are ibmeof the lofticft in England, and it is iu one of them that the black- lead, or wad, is found, wheie- wlth almol} all the woild is fupplied ; tl.e mines are opened only once in leven years, and when alufficienc quantity of this valu- able and fingular mineral Is taken out, they are carefully clofcd again. In tiavrlling among th-ife mountains the idea rhst pre- fents itfelf to' the aftonidied fpeftator, is that of the earth having b^sen in an uproar, like the ocean in a ftonn; the hills appear like waves rifing one behind ano;her, and were it not for the abrupt and fuuden Icarps, the imaienfe niafi'es of rugged rocks that give the idea ot fixeJnefs and ftability, t!\e bewildered fancy might be ibjoit as to ima- gine they v,;ere in a ftate of undulation, and ready to mingle with each other. The beautiful vale of Borrodale is watered by the clearetl brooks, which precipitated from the hills, and, forming many beau- tiful watertdlis, meet together in the dale, and, forming one large Itream, pafs' out of the dale und;;r the name of Borrod ale-Beck, when it's waters fpread out i'lto an ex- panfive lake, containing fevcrai beautiful iflands. This lake is cdicd Derwentwater, or Kefwick-Lake. Borrodale is 4. miles from Kcfwick, in paiTmg from which, the traveller has the Like on his right hand, and (hipendous rocky precipices on his left ; huge (tones, or rugged mafTes of rock, which have tumbled from above, lie I'cattered along his way. As he ap- proaches the dale, he fees the ledges of the rocks covered with herbage, flirubs, and trees ; villages arid farms arife upon his view, the larger cattle are feen feeding in the lower grounds, and the fheep, in large flocks, upon the mountains. Bcrroiu, Cornwall, S. of Stiatton. Borronxijlounitefs, or Bonefi, a village on the S. fide of the Fritji ot Forth, in the fliire of Linlithgow, It has numerous collieries and lait-works. Borfdl, SufTex, near Ticehurft. BofJIy-, SufTex, SW. of AflKlown-Foreft. Borto;i, near Buckingham. Borton on-Dunfmore, Warw. Born.vick, Lane, betwev:n the ri- vers, Docker and Luhe. Bos A, on the W. coaft of Sardinia. Bojbury, Hcref. near L-'lbury, BOSCASTLE, Cornwall, on the Briftcl Ciiannel. Market en Thurlday. Bofca-.v-lFoan,Co':\'\\v,^.t. the L-md's-End, Bosco, or BosCHi, in the Mllanei'e. Bofcoiel, Shropf. near White Ladies, not^U for the aak iii which Charles II. was BOS hid, and faw the parliament foldiers p:»fs by in quell of him after tlie battle of Wor- ceftcr. Bofcomb, Wilts, 3 miles SE. of Aylefourv, and 9 from Sarum. B'feka^ii^ Sufi", between Chichtlter and Tiiorncy Kle. Bofgra'ue, Sudex, NE. of Chicheflcr. B'if. ley, Ciiefhire, NE. ol Congleton. hosNA Serago, capital of Bofnia. It is a large town, i o miles SW. of Bel- grade. Lot. 44. 40. N. lon.riy. 57. E. Bosnia, a province of Turkey in Eu- rope,. bounded on the N. by Sciavonia and Croatia; On th.e E. by Servia ; on the S. by Albania; and on the W. by Cro,atia and Dalinatia. Boffiney, ov 'TintageL Cornwall, 3 inlUs NW. OT Camelford. Bojjhi^fale, Devonf. HW. of Dartmouth. Bojjingion, Hants, near the Wallops. BossuPT, 8 miles S. of Louvain. BosT, capital of Sableftan, in Perfia. Boftall, Bucks, N of Bernwood-Forefh Bojhck, Chefliire, NW. of Middlewich. * Boston, a large, well built town of LInct liiihire, feated on both fides of the ri- ver Witham, by means of v/hich it enjoys a conliderable trade, both from the lea and inland. The church- fpire is very lofty, and a noted fea-mark. It has a fair, De» cemher 11, that holds nine days, foi cat- tle and merchandife, called a mart ; an an- cient name, only uled for thistown.Gainf- borough in Lincolnflvire, Lynn Reikis in Norfolk, and for Beverley and Headon in Yorklhire. Boftonis 37 miles SE.of Lin- coln, and 115 N. of London. Lat. 53.1.N, lon.o. 5.E. Markets on Wed. and Sat. Bofion, Midd. W. of Litlle-Ealing. BosTOM, the capital of Maflachufets Bay, in N. America, I'eated on a penin- fula, at the bottom of a fine bay, contain- ing many fmall iflands and rocks. It lieS in the form ot a crefcent about the harbour, and the country within, rifing gradually, affords a delightful profpect^. There is only one 'I'afc channel to the harbour, and that fo narrow, that two (liips can fcarcely fail abrealt ; but within the har- bour there is room tor 500 fail to anchor. At the bottom of the bay is a pier near iooo feet in length, to which (liips of the greateli: burden may come clofe, aud on ths N. fide are warchouit:s for the mertiiants. The ftreets arc handfome, particularly that extending from the pier to the town-houfe. On the W. fide of the town is the Mall, a beautiful public walk, Befides the itate- houJe, and other pul)lic buildings, there are 16 churches of various denominations. It is 31Q miles NE. of Philadelphia, Lat. 4z. 25.. N. Ion. 70. 33. W. BOSWOftTHjOrMARKET-BoSWORTIf, a town in Leicelkrlhirc, feated on a iiieli lull, B O U hill, T5 miles NW. of Leiccfter, and io6 MNW. of London, Lat. si.40. N. Ion. I. 1 8. W. Market on Wednciday. B(jtaJnn Cornwall, SW. of Launcefton. BotalUck, Cornw, lo niiles VV.of St. Ives. Box AN v-Ba Y, J bay of New S. Wales, on the E. coalt of New Hollaml, fo called from the great qviantityof herbs found on the fliore, was oris^inally fixtd on tor a co- lony of con vidts from Great Britain; but, in the leqnel, Port Jackfon, 15 miles far- ther to tile N. was preferred. Lat. 34.. o. S. Ion. 151. 2a. E. BoUhfJfon, Leiccf. Botefdale, Stiff, near Redgrave, 15 miles from Bury. Botball, Norliuimb. near Morpeth. Bolhall, Staff. N. of Pagcts- Bromley. Bothel, Cumb, between Cockcrmouth and Wigtcn. Bo- themjlall, D.rb. in the High-Pejk. Bo- theji-MOOii, Dorf. near Winhorne-Minfter. Eotkerton, Chefhire, near Beelton-Callle. Bothnia, a province in Sweden, on a j/i:iU uf the fame name, which divides it into two parts, called E. and \V. Bothnia. Boihumfr.l, Nott. NW. of Tuxford. Bot/azv, Northumb, in Tindale-Ward. Botley, Hiuts, S. of Bufli-Waltham. Bot- ley, Berks, W. of Oxford. Botley, Bucks, parifii of Chefliam- Botley, Surry, near Fangrove and Chertfey. Botolph's-BriJt^e, Hunt, near Peterborough. Botolph, S/. Line. N. of Bofton. Botjborougb, Cornw. jiear Drvonf. Botfe\\ Hunt. N. of Ramfey, Botsfdd. Shropf. 5 miles from Shrewsbury. Botsford, Leic. near Normanton. Botsford, Leic. in the Vale of Beivoir. Botpiam- HaU, 7 miles from Cambridge. Botte- ridge Pool, Dorfetf. See Great Kimeridge. Bottt'fdalc. See Biiddefdale. BottfJIoiv, Staff. SW. of Bucknal. Botidph, Si. Rutlandfhiie, near Empingham. BOTWAR, a town of Wurtemburg. BoTZE N BURG. a townof Mecklenburg. BOVA, a town S of Reggio, Naples. Bcvaugh Bridge, in Tyrone, Ulrter. BoucHAiN, a town in the dcpt. of the North, divided into two parts by the Scheldt. It is 9 miles SW.of Valencieimes. Lat. 50. 18. N. Ion. 3. 21, E. BouchaRT, a fntall town in thedept. of Indre and Loire, on a I'mall ifland of the river Vienne, 15 milts from Tours. Boucott. Nottinghamfhire, near Burton. BouDRY, a town of Neufchatel, in Swidtrlaiid. Lat. 47. 1 . N. Ion. 6. 4.0. E. Bonghion, near Chefter, called Spittle- Boughton, Bougkton, Northamp. 2 miles from Kettering. Boughton, Nott. 3 miles SW. of Fuxford. Boughton-Munchelfey, Krnr, SW. ot Bockton-Mallierb, Bouillon', a town of Luxemburg, feated on an aimoft inacccffible rock, n.ar ti:e river Stnioii, la miles NE. of Stj- B O U dan. Latitude 49. 45. N. Ion. 5. 20. E. Bo VINES, a town in the Netherlands, on the river Maefe, 10 miles S. of Namur. Lat. 50. 19. N. Ion. 4. 50. E. BoviNO, in Capiianata, Naples. Bould, (3xf. paiiOi of Idbury. Boulge, Suff. 5mi!esNW.of Woodbridgc. Bouhie- ha-Ji, Bedfordf. near Thurley. BoulnefSf Cumb. on the Solway Friih, where by croffmg the fands at low water, between England and Scotland, palfcngtrs fave a great many miles travelling. It was the vveftern termination of the Pi£^s-Wall. Boulogne, a large and handfome fea- port in the dept. of the Straits oi Calais. It is divided into the Higher ard Lower Town. The harbour has a mole tor the fafety of (hips, which prevents it from being choked up with fand. It is feat^il at the mouth ot the river Lianne, 14 miles S. by W. of Calais, and 130 N. ot Paris. Lat. 50. 44. N. Ion. 1. 42. E. Bouljhn, Heref. E.of Aconbury. BouU tha?>i, SW. of Lincoln. Bourbon, an ifland of Africa, in the Indian Ocean, Co miles long, and 45 broad. It is a fertile place, producing, in particu- lar, excellent tobacco. The French firft fettled here in i'jji, and have fome confi- derable towns in the ifland, and heie their E. India fliips touch for reirertiinents. It is 300 miles E. of Madagafcar. Lat. 20. 52. S. Ion. 55. 30. E. Bourbon Lanci, a town in the dept. of Saone and Loire, remarkable for it's mineral waters. It is 15 niiUs SW. of Autun. Lat. 46. 47. N, Ion. 4. 6.E. , Bourbon- l'Archameauu, a fmall town in the dept. of Aliier, remarkable for it's hot-baths. It is i 5 miles W. of Mou- lins. Lat. 46. 35. N. Ion. 3. 5. E. Bourbonne-les Bains, a town in the dept. of Upper Marne, famous for it's hot-baths. It is 17 miles NE. of Langrcs* Lat. 47. 54. N. Ion. 5, 45. E. BoURBONNOis, a ci-devant provitice of France, which now forms the dept. ot Aliier. It abounds in corn, fruit, wine, paffure, wood, ic. BouRDEAu::,an ancientmaritimecity, in the dept. of Gironde,aiid one of ;he firit inFrance, for rnagnituiie, riches, and beau- ty. It is leated on the Garonne, which liver is boidercd by a large quay j and, as the tide flows here 4 yards pci-pendicular, large vcffcls come up to the town: mcft of the great iheets lead to the quay. The inhabitants are upwards of 100.0005 their trade is very extenlive, and tiiey (liip an- nually 100,000 tons of wine and brandy. It is 87 miles SE.of Rochelle,and 325 SW. oi Paris. Lat. 44. 50. N. Ion. o. 30. W. Bourdfeld, Kent, E. of Lenham. B0URDINE5, B O U BouRDiNES, a town of Namur, In the Netherlands, 5 miles NW. of Huy. Lat. 5c. 35- N. Ion. 5. 8.E. BouRc, the capital of Cayenne, in S. America. Lat. 5. 2. N. Jon. 52. 50. W. BouRGi a town in the dcpt. oi Ain, feated on the river RiiTunfle, 32 miles NE. of Lyons, and 232 SE. of Paris. Lat. 46. II, N. Ion. 5. 19. E. BouRG, a fmall town in the dept. of Gironde, with a good hai boiif, on the river Dordogne, near the point of land formed by the confluence of that river and the Ga- ronne, which is called tlie Bcc-d'Ambez, and is thought a dangerous pailage. It is 15 niiiesN. of Bourdeaux. Lat. 45, 5. N. Ion. o. 30. W. EouRGANEUF,afmall,well-built town in the dept. of Creufe, on the river Tau- rion, 20 miles NE. of Limoges, and 200 • S. of Paris. Lat. 45. 59. N. Icn. 1.35.E. BouRGEs, the chief town in tlie dept. of Cher. Although, in extent, it is one of the greateil cities in France, the inha- bitants hardly amount to 25,000, and their trade is inconfiderable. It is leated on the rivers Auron ai'id Vevre, 25 miles NW. of Nevers, and 125 S. of Paris. Lat. 47. 5. N. Ion. 2.28. E. BouRGET, a town in the dept. of Mont-B!anc, on a lake of the fame name, 6 miles N. of Chamberry. Lat. 45. 41. N. Ion. 5. 50. E. BouRMONT, a town in the dept. of the Upper Marne, 22 miles NE. of Chau- mont. Lat. 4S. 14. N. Ion. 5. 43. E, * Bourn, a large town in Lincolnlhire, feated near a Ipring called Burn-Wefl- Head, from which proctecis a river that runs through the town. It is 35 miles S. of Lincoln, and 97 N. of London. Lat. 52. 4.2. N. Ion. o. 20. W. Mark, on Sat. Bourn, YoikC. SE. ofSherborn. Bourn, a rivcr in Warwickf. Bourn, a river in Wilts. Bourn Hall, Camb. 8 miles NW. of Shengay. BouRO, one of tlic Molucca Iflands, between Celebes and Ceram, 50 miles in circumference. It is fubjeft to the Dutch, and well cultivated. Some mountains in it are exceedingly high, and the fea on one fide is uncommonly deep. It produces nut- megs and cloves, as well as cocoa and ha- nana trtes, and a variety of vegetables in- troduced by the Dutch. In the mountains tliere are forefts of ebony and lary. Boiirther-Hall, Eflcx, in the parifli of Pentlow. Bourton, Dorfetf. near GiUing- ham. Bourton on-ihe-HUl, Glouc. 5 miles Jrom Stow, and 5 from Campden. Boiir- ton-on the-JVater, Glouc. about a mile from the preceding place, has feveral good houfcs, and a tolcrabk trade.. The BOW river, which rifes near It licre. fpreaus •;o feet, anil there are ftveral bridges over it. BoussAC, in tbedept. of Creuie, with a caille on a rock, 25 miles NE. ot Gucret. Bouih, Lancaf. 4 niiles N. of Cartmel. Boutham, near York. Bouthes, Chef. S. of Kuutsfi-:'!. Bowvenej, Btrks, near Windlbr. Bo'veriJge, Doi i'etf. ne;-:r Cran- horne. Bo'viPj Hall, Llllx, mar Clack- ton. Bouington, Herts, near HempfVead and Bcrkhampliead. Bo'vingion, Dorfctf. near AfFpiddle. BouTON, an ifland in the Indian Ar- chipelago, 12 miles SE. of Celebes. The inhabitants are of an olive complexion, fpeak the Malayan language, and profefs Mahometanilm. Lat. 5. 50. S. Ion. 6. i.E. Bow, or Bovy, a fmall, neat town of Devonfhire, feared at the fpring-head of a river that falls into the Taw. It is i^ miles NW. of Exeter. Mark, on Thuri. Bow, or Stratford i.e Bow, a vil- lage 2 miles NE. by E. of London. It h.is feveral mills, manuiaclories, auJ dif- telleries on the rivcr Lea, which here fe- paratcs Middlelex from Etfex. Bozv, a river in Shropf. running Into the Warren. Boivbent, 3.\\vti in North- uuib running into the Till. Boivcom!', Dorfetf. near Buckland-Abbas; Bov.-de?;^ Devonf. near Ivy- Bridge. BozcJen, De- vcnf. liear I'.fracomb. Bozclen, Chefliire, near Altrinchmi. Bovjden-Ejge, and 'Boh.vdcn-Hall, Derbyf.'in tjie Higli-Peak. BoiViien-Magna, Leic. near Market-Har- borough, on the N. nde of the river Wel- land, oppolite which, en tiie S. fide, is Bo--ivden-Far-va, in Northamp. Boiudea E. and IF. DjHi. NW. of Sun(icrland,oa tiie road to Shields. Boivditch, Dorfetfh. near Chardltock. Boivdan, and it's Park, Wilts, E. of Lavcock. Bo-ivden-Heat/j, Berks, between Pangborn and Reading. Bo'-inerland, Kent, near Muldafh. Bo-zvers, Staff. N. of Standon. BoTves, Yorkl. z miles from Barnard- Ciltle. Bo'u.'es, Soil". E. of New-Shoreham. Bovjefden, North- iimb. between the Tweed andHoly-Illand. Bo^-juland-ForeJ}, Yorkf. on the bortlers of Lancafliire. Bonjcley, Surt'cx, near Pagiiam. Boivling, Yorkl". i mile from Bradfoid. Bo^vlton, Derb. W. of Alvelton. Bo-ju- OTi'jv, Northuaib. N.of Aylmouth. Bozc- nefj, a village of Weltmorlund, pKaihntly ftated on Winandtrmerc Lake, oppofite ;? which lies the ifland. Boxvoad, Dorfetf. 2 miles W. of Neth.erby. B'J-i''fderi- Green, Herts, 3 miles SW. of Buntingfoid. Boiv's-Farm,l>i\\M\. neai Homlcy. Boiu- J}ead-Hill, Cumb. on the edge of Burgh- Marfh. Boivjlerton, Yorkf. 9 miles NW. of Barndey. Bo-ivtell, Cumb. SE. of Sca- toa. Bov.'ttor^, Giouc, N. of Fairford. Bov:!korp, BRA Eovjfhrp, Norf. W. of Norwich. Boiihvjaite, Cumb., near the river Cocker, N. of LowelWater. BiiALiq, a lofty mountain of the Alps, in the country of the (jiilbns. Bramant, a town of Maurienne, in the depf. of Mont-Blanc. It is feated on the river Arck, 35 miles NW. of Turin, Lat. 45. 25. N. Ion. 7. 5. E. Bramher, Suflex, adjoining Steyning, Bramble, Sufllx, near E. Grinftead. Bram- ble Lodge, Hants, in the New-Fore(t. Bramby upon Dun, Yorkf. N. of Doncai- ter. BramcGt, Warw. near Bulkington, Bram-'ot, Warw. near Polefwo. th. Bram- cott, Nott. on the borders of DerbyfTiire. Bramcroji Caftle, Shropf. NW. of Erown- Clee Hill. Braindean, Hants, near Alref- ford. Brame, Camb. in the Ifle of Ely, Brame^-uj, Hants, NW. of Fordingbridgt. Bra-nertOii, Norfolk, between Bixley and Claxton. BraTufield, 3 miles from Hert- ford. Bra»ificld, Herts, near Stapleford, Branificld, Suff. rear Walpole. Brad- ford, D.-rb. in the High-Peak. Bramford, Suffolk, n«:ar Ipfwich, BramfordSpeket Djvonfhirc, 4 miles from Exeter. Biamhi'll, in Meath, Leinfter. Brainhavi Moor, YorkI". nearTadcafter. Bramhrpe, Yorkf. a miles from Otley. Brarfilaiu, Shropf. between Wilmington and Hockftow-Forcfl:. Bramley, Smry, near God.dming. Bra?>iley, Yorkf. near Leeds. Braynley, Hants, near Stratfield. Brcit/iky Grarigj, Yorkriiire,' W. Riding, Ktar Kuby-Maltdait. BxAMrTotr, BRA BaAMPTON, :» town ill Cunibeiliiul, S miles NE. of Carlifle, and 311 NNW. of .London. L:»t. 54.. 58. N. Ion. 2. 40. W. M.irket on Tiielday. Brampton, Nortluinib. NW. of Aln- wick. Bmmpton, Y)erh. near ClieHeifield. Brampton, Yo; kf. near Richmond. Eramp- ton, I iriile from Hiintin5:d(Mi. Brampton, Norf. near Ale/liam. Brampton, North- amp, near Rotliweli. Brampton, Sliropf. nrar Montpromcry. Brampton, Sliropf. near Wroxtttr. Brampton, Sluopf. near I*iirflovv. Brampton, Suff. near Beccles. Brampton, Yorkshire, NE. of Barnfley. Brampton, Yorkf. N. of Northallerton. Brampton, Yorkfliire, SE. of Doncafter. Brampton Abbofs, Heref. near Rols. Br am P't on Bank, StafTordf. near Newcaftle- under-Line. Brampton-B'ierley, Yorkf. SE. of Rotlierham. Brampton-Brion, JI::ref. N. of Pembridge. Brampton, Chr.pel and Church, Northamp. between Althorp and Bonghton. Brampton-Hall, Northainp. near Dinsrley and Stoke Ai- >)any. Brampton in Morthing, Y^'orkfhire, SE. of Rotherham. Bramjliall-Plouje , Hants, near Hartford-Bridge. Bramjhot, Hants, near Petersfield. Bram^iot, Hants, rear Elvetham. Bramflon, Elfcx, SE. of Dunmow. Brampflon, Northamp. near Wilby. Bramton, Line, near Torkfey. ' BriimvAtb, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Fifli- Lake. Brnm^vith-Hall and Kirk, YorkC 5 miles from Doncalter. Brancajler, Norf. E. of the promontory of St. Edmund's- Cliapel. Bran'CHON, a town of the Netherlands, on the river Mehaigne, 8 miles N. of Na- nuir. Lat. 50. 36. N. Ion. 4. 50. E. Brandels, in Koningratz, Bohemia. Branden, Northumberland, on the river Breamini, SE. of Cheviot-Hills. Brandenburg, the Marche of, a country o'i Germany, hounded on the W. by Lunenburg; on the N. by Pomerania, and Alecklenburg ; on the S. by Siiefia, Liifatia,ducin' of Saxony, and Magdeburg; and on the E. by Poland and Polifti Pruf- ila. It is divided into 5 principal parts ; the Oid Marche, Piegnitz, the Middle Marche, Ucker Marche, and the New Marche. The greater part of the inhabit- ants are Lutherans; bnt there are alfo Ro- manlfts. Berlin is the capital ; and the princi^ial rivers are the Elbe, Havel, Sprey, Ucker, and Warte. Brandenburg, a city of Upper Sax- ony, divided into the Old and New Town, by the river Havel. It is a profperous trading place, 26 miles W. of Berlin. Lat. 52. 45. N. Ion. 12. 15. E. Brandijhn, Sufi". nearGlemham. Bran- dlejham, Lanca(hire, N. of Bury. BRA * Bran DON, a town in Suffolk, between Newmarket and Swaff ham. It is featcd on the Oufe, over which it has a bridge ; and at a mile diftance, a ferry, whereby goods are conveyed to and from the Iflc ot Ely. It is 12 miles N. of Bury, and -j'i NE. of London. Lat. s*- 3o- N. Ion. 0.45. E. Brandon, Wai w. between Rugby and Coventry. Brandon, Line. S. of Newark. Brandon, Shropf. E. of the river Temde. Brayidon, E. and IV. Durh. W. of Sunder- land. Brandon, Parva, Norfolk, E. of Dereiiam. Brandon-Hill, in Kerry, Munfter. Brandjhurton, Yorki'. E. Riding, near Fordlingham, in Holdernels. Brane, a ri- vei' in Carmarthenf. and another in Breck- nockf. Branham, Yorkf. near Tadcafter. Brankejlon, Northuml-). between Flodden- Hill and the Tweed. Brankfey-JJland. See BroTJunfea. Branfaugh, iSlorthumb. near Akelinton. Branfl-y, Yorkf. S. of Hovingham. Branfcomb, Devonf. 3 miles S. of CuUiton. Bran/dale, Yorkf. N. Riding, between Bafedale a'dd Rofedale Abbeys. Bransford-Bridge, Leicef. on the river Swift and borders of Northamptonf. Bran ska, a town of Tranfylvania. Branfpeth-Caftle, among the hills SW. of Durham, on the W. fide of the Wear. BranjMCaJlle, Heref. E. of Ledbury. Branpn, Staff, on the Trent, SVV. of Burton. Branjlon, Norf. E. of Repeham. Bran/ton, near Lincoln. Branf^vell, Line, near Temple- Bruere. Brant, a river in Anglefea. Brant- Broughton, Line. W. of Lincoln- Heath. Branikam, Suff. near Dedham. Branthi?igham, York I', between S. Cave and Hull. Brantingthorp, Leic, NE. of Lutterworth. Brantingthorp-JFeJi- cot, near Leiceiter. Brantoft, Durh. near Gretham. Branton, Dzvoni'. near Raleigh. Branton, Northumb. 6 miles W. of Aln- wick. Brar.ton, Welhn. NE. of Apple- by. Brantfnap, Suffex, W, of Cuekfield. Brajborougk, Line. N. of Market-Deep- ing. Brafiot, Leic. W. of Hog's-Norton. Brafe-ivell, Yorkf. W. Riding, 3 miles E. of Gilljorne. Brasil, a large country of S. Ameri- ca, on the E. between the equino6lial and 35. o. S. lat. and between 35 and 60 de- grees W. Ion. extending from the river of Amazons, to that of La Plata, a length of coaft, through all it's windings, ot above 3000 miles. It is bounded on the W. by Paraguay and Amazonia; it's other boun- daries are formed by the great Atlantic Ocean. The air of this country is tem- perate and wholefome ; the ibil is fertile* producing immenfe quantities of fugar, , alio tobacco, brazil-wood, Indian corn, and fevcral forts of fruits and drugs ; their bealts. BRA beafts, birds, and fifties are various, and within the country there are gold, and feveral forts of precious ftones. The Por- tugucfc chiefly inhabit the coaft. The refidence of the viceroy, till of late years, was at St. Salvador, but is now at St. Se- baftian. The natives, or aborigines, are divided into feveral nations or tribes, as the TupinambocSjTobajaras, Petiguaras, Tapayos, !cc. and fpeak different lan- guages. They are of a copper colour, and have black liair like the other Americans. They are (trong, lively, and gay, and fubje<5l to few difcafes. They love to adorn themfelvcs with feathers, and are fond of feafls, at which they dance immo- derately. Thty liave huts made of the branches of trees, and covered with the pahn-trce leaves, of which they alfo make bafkets. Their furniture confifts chiefly of their hammocks, and diflies -or cups made of calibafhes. They have alio knives made of a fort of ftone and fpllt canes. They who live near the ccaft copy the- European manner of drefs; thofe in the interior, conrent themfelves with a cover- ing round their middle. Brajfa, unc of the Shetland Ifles. Brassaw, orCRONSTAT, a town of Tranfylvania. Lat. 46. 30. N. Ion. 25. 55. E. .Br^?/?^^, Kent,NE.of Weftram. Brat- forton, Wovcef. E. of Evefham. Braith- '^uiaite, Cumb. S. of Inglewood-Foreit. Braith-Tuaite, near Kefwick, at the foot of the mountain road leading to Cocker- mouth. 5r«//'-x(;f//,Yorkr. W.Riding, near Tick-Hill. Bratley, Lane. near Aml^lcfide, in Weftm. Bratojt, Line. NE. of Spilfby. Brattlehy, Line, near Scampton. Brat- ton, Shropf. E. of Little- Wenlock. Brat' ton, Shropf. S. of Apley-Caftle. £r««o;7, Somerfetf. near Sliepton- Montaigne and Wincaunton. Bratton-CajUe, Wilts, E. of Weltbury. Bratton-Clovelly, Dtvonf. W. of Okchampton. Bratton-FUmiigy Devonfliire, near Chulmley. Braukach, atownof HtfleDarmftadtl Braughing, Herts, N. of Puckendge. Braunaw, a town in the duchy of Bavaria, ceded to the houfe of Auftria, by the treaty of Tefchen, in 1779. Braunsburg, a lea-port of Pruflia. Braunsfeld, a town of Solmes, in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Lat. 50. 21. N. Ion. 8. 32. E. Braufisford, 3 miles from Worceftei*. Braunfton, Rutlandf. near Oakham- Soke. Braunjlon, nuar Leicefter. Brnnnjloji, Leicef. between Waltham in the Would and Belvoir-Caftle. Br.wa, a fca-port of Ajan, in Africa. Bravo, one of the Caps deVcrdlflands. B R E Bra-vnfton, near Lincoln. BraxtcJ, Magna and Barva, Eflex, NE. of Wi- tham. Bray, a fea-port of Leinfttr, 15 miles N. of Wicklow, and 10 S. of Dublin. l.'r/«/'^z//, Lincolnf. near >;W.ofRerincs. Lat.+S.si.N.lon.i.jS.W. Someiby, jSr/W^'j Camb. near Carlton. BrifiiUjt- 51. 5c N. ion. 4. 23. E. Brientz, a town and lake of Bern. Brierley, Hereford/hire, SE. of Leomin- fter. Brirrlty, St;Hii"()rd(hire, E. of Sedge- ley. Brierley, York/hire, near B-irnefley. Briescia. SeePoLESIA. B R I Brinhleyy Northumberland, near Blakedon. Briiiklotv, Warw. rnrar Comb. Brink- ivorth, Wilts, S. of Brandon-Foreii. Brinn, or Brunn, a city of Moravia. Briuny, in Cork, Munlter. \^ Brinfap, Lane. N. of Wigan. Briiifopy 4 miles NW. of Hereford. Brinfpudtll, near AfFpudell. Brintott, Hiinting'on- ftiire, nearMolefwortli. Brinton, Norfolk, near Holt. Brioude, a town in the dept. of Up- per Loire, fcated on the river Allier, over which it has a bridge of one arch, 171 feet in diameter. It is 21 miles NW, of Le Ptiy, and 2.25 S. by E. of Paris. Lat.45. 16. N. ion. 3. 10. E. Brisach,Old, in Germany, formerly the capital of Brifgaw, is feated on the Riiine, over which is a bridge of boats. It is 25 miles S. of Stiafburg. Lat. 48. 8. N. Iqn. 7. 49. E. Brisach, New, a handfome town in the dept. of Upper Rhine, about a mile from the W. fide of the Rhine, and oppo- fite to old Brifach. It is 23 miles S. of Strnfburg. Lat. 48. 5. N. Ion. 7. 40. E. Bri/co, Climb, near Carliile. Brifco, E. and JV. Yorkftire, W. of Barnard- Caftle. Bi-ife-Nort07t, Oxford/liire, near Burford. Brifet, Suffolk, near Biiiton. Brisgavv, a territory in Suahia, ad- joining the Rhine, fubjfft to the Houfesof Auftria and Baden. Frlburg is the capi- tal. Brljley, Norfolk, near Lytch:im. Brif- iington, Somerfetfliiie, near Briltol. Brissac, a town in the department of Maine and Loire, feated on the river Au- bence, 13 miles S. of Angers. Lat. 47. ao. N. Ion. o. 27. W. •Bristol, a city and feaport, partly in Gloucefterfliire, and partly in Somerfet- fliire, to which laft it was accounted to belong, before it formed a feparate jurif- dicSion. In wealth, trade, and popula- tion, it is juftiy reckoned the fecond in England 5 the cuftom-houle receipts for Liverpool, however, have lately exceeded thofe of Briftol. It is feated at the con- fluence of the Avon and Frome, about 10 miles from tlie place where the Avon dii'- charges itfcU' into the Severn. Shijis of confiderable burden come up to the quays, and their trade is extcnfivej lending 2000 fliips yearly to different pans of the world. The ftreets arc mollly narrow, but here are fome elegant fquares, and the new parts of the town are magnificent, they are built of Hone, and much in the fame ftyle as Bath. Like ir, they alio extend, range above range, till they have nearly reached the fumwit of the bill, againft which the B R I Gloucefter fide of the city (lands. The Hot ^^'e!ls are much relbrttd to; they are of great purity, and have ohtaine.l a high reputation in confumptive cAa. They arc about a mile below 'he town on the fide of the Avon ; here is alio a cold fpiing, wliich gullies out of a reck, and i'upplics the cold hath. In St. Vincent's Rock, above the Wells, are found nr.tive cryltais, well known under the name of Briitol- (tones. The prolpefls in the viciuiiy or Briftol arc delightful, and the banks -1 the Avon, thejofty rocks, through which it finds a paflage to the lea, covered with hei b- age and trees, and prefenting the mull aw- ful precipices, are highly romantic. Tliey have plenty of coal from King's WoocI and Mendip- Hills, and tiie glals-houfes, foundcries, fugar- works. Sec. wc numer- ous. They make ule of Hedges inlteadof carts, which, horn their weight and fric- tion, ieem a heavy \n-^ in tlieml'elves j neither Ao the horles pull togfther, the hind horfe being perpetually raifing the forepart of the Hedge, and the fore iiorfes perpetually pulling or pieffing him to the ground. It ought to be obiwrved, iiow- ever, that a part of the town having b.ca built upon a morafs, carts and waggons are not allowed to ply there, fiom the ap- prehenfion of their fhaking and endanger- ing the buildings. Briltol is. 40 miles nearly S. of Hereford, 60 NE. of Exeter, 34. SW. by S. of Giouceiter, 50 8:5 W. of AVorcelfer, 12 WNW. of Bath, and 124 W. of London. L^t. 51. 28. N. Ion. 2. 36. W. Markets on Wedncfday, Friday, and Saturday. Bristol, New, capital of the county of Bucks, in Pcnnfylvania, 20 miles NE, of Philadelphia, on tiie river Delaware. Brijioiv Caufe-ivay, Surry, near Clap- ham. BrijioiM-Park, Leicef. near Alhby- de-la-Zouch. Britain, or Great-Britain, the largeft of all the European iOands, is di- vided into England, Scotland, and Wales, It extends from the Lizard-Point, in lat. 50.0. N. to Dunnefbi)-He.id, in Lat. 58. 30. N. or taking it in a (trait line, from N. to S. about 8 degrees, or 550 miles j and, from Dover-Head on the E. to the Land's End on tlie W. about 7 degrees of longimde, or about 290 miles. Britain, New. bee Hudson's Bay, and Labilk,\^\hi\\\Te, rear Salifbury. Broad-l'ield, Heriford- fliire, near Buntingtord. Broadford, in Clare, Munfter. Broad-Htll, Suflex, near Cuckfield. Broad-Holme, Yoi\^i\n^t, N. ofHatfield- Chafe. Broadkiirjiy Suffcx, N W. of Aft- down. Broad-Ten'ESSEE, a large and liroad river, which riles in North C:uoiina, and crolnng the parallel of 36. o. N. lat. is fo comprelfed in it's palfage through the Cum- berland or Lnurel mountains, as to pro- duce a very rapid whirl j below this it fpreads into it's commcn width, and ex- cept the interruption of fome mufcle fhoals, flo-.vs in a benutiful and placid ftream, till it joins tl'.e CUeiokee-Kiver, urdtr which naine it mingles with the Ohio. Broad Lands, Hampfhirc, nearRumfej'. Broad Meado-xv, Staff, between Longnor and Hirtingion. Broad-Main, Dorietf. See Main. Broadjiairs, Kent, between the N.Foitland and Ramfgate. Broadfvsorth, Yorkf. N\V. of Doncalter. Broadens, on the N. bark of the Tame, 'W, of Wor- B R O cefter. Bi-oadnvater, Surtex, W. oFNev/- Shortbam. Broadixater, Herts, betwee» W-rKvvp and Stevenage. Broad-J'/ay T^nd Hill, ftloufel. between Moreton and the Vsle <.i Evefham. Broadnjuaj, Dorietf. H' a?" Weymou h. Broadivay, Worcef. W. ol Campdt-n. Broaduiay, Shropf. be twecn Ciiurch-J t ick and Baybury. Broad- ivay, Kent, N. ot Hy.he. Broad'way, Soiiierl. in the parifli of Buckhtid Mary, Broadivay, in Wexford, Leinfter. Broad-IP eldon, Somerf. W. of Biftop's Chew. Broadvcell, Oxf. 4. miles W. of Bampfcn. Broadnuell, Gloucef. 2 miles from Stow. Broad- JVmdfor, Dorfeifhire, W. of Beminfter. Broad wood-Kflly, De- vonfliire, t->E. of Hatheriy. Broad-iuood- H''igier, Devon f. W. ofLyfton. Broberry^ Hertf. SW. of Stanton. Brockdi/b, Norf. W. of Needham. Brockford, Stiff. N. of Mendlefliam. Brocket-Hall, Herts, near Digfwell. Brockham, Surry, near Bcach- wortli. Brockha?npton, Heref. Brock- hawpton, Dorietf. 2 miles NE. of Bulk- land- Abbas. Bnckhamptcn, Gloucefterf. Brcckkole, Northamp. near the Bringtons, Brockholrn, Nottingh. Brockhurj}, Warw. between Coventry and Lutterworth. Brockiiigton, Dorfctf. between Knowlon and B.refton. Brockkjhy, Line, near Caf- tor. Brockleton, Worcef. S. of Tenbury, Brocklej, Somerf. N.of Wrinton. Brock- ley, Suffolk, nearDebden. Brockley-Hill, Herts. Brockley-Hill. Dorfetf. near Ab- botfbury. Brockmonton, Heref. E. of Le- ominfler. Brockmore-Heath, St afford fh ire, near Swynford. Brockrup, or Bt-vckikorp, Gloucef. 3 m.iles from Painfwick, and 4. from Gloucefter.. Brockton, Stafl". Brock- ton, Shrcpl. near Lower-Down. Brock- ton, Shropfhire, near Eallhop. Brockton^ Shropf. between Walton and Lee. Brock- ion, Shropf. NE. of the Forefl of Ciune. BrockiL-ortB, Gloucef. 5 miles from Painf- wick, and 4 from Gloucefler. Brod, or Brodt, in Sclavonia. Brodagh, in Clare, Munfter. Br ODER A, a principal town of Guze- rat, in Hindooffan, between Surat and Ougein. The country produces cotton, wheat, barley, rice, &c. and immenie quantities ot gum-lac. It's public build- ings are liatcly, and the gardens fine. The caiico-manufafture is carried on here pretty extenfively. Lat. 21. 15. N. Ion, 73. II. E. Brnad-vcU, Glouceilerfhire, two miles from Stow. Brodnam, Dorfetfhire, in the parifh of Netherbury. Br01> NE!«EMI,orTEUTS-CH-BROI>, a town of Czlazlau, Bohemia. Brcdock, Cornw, mar Boconock. Brod- B R O 0etr. See Broadjlain, Brodpworth, York- ihire, 3 miles troin Doncaller. Brodziec, a town of Lithuania. Broek, a town and county ot" Berg, Weltpiialia. Broek, a neat and beautiful village, 6 miles fiom Air.ftcrdain. The fnanners of tile inhabitants, according to ^ladamc de Sillery, late Couutels ot Genlis, are tx- tremciy fingular. They marry invariably among tjiemlelves. In every houle they have one door let apart for the occafion of marriage or death. It is called the door of ceremony ; the new-married couples enter in at it, and never pals through it again but to their graves j in the interval it is kept conltintly fhut. The women icarcely <:vcr ftir irom Broek, and Amiferdam is as little known to them as London or Ccn- ilantinople. Their gardens are adorned With china vafes, grottos of fhell-work. Sec. and their Itreets are paved in molaic- work. With variegated bricks. Behind their houies and gardens are extcniive meadows, with large herds of cattle graz- ing. Tneir outhnules are likewil'e bciiind, lb that waggons, carts, and cattle do no: enter their neat Itreets. Broke, a river in Lancafinre. Broke, Noriolk, 5 miles from Norwich. Broke- Hampton, Warwickfliire, near Kyneton. Broken Bay, a bay of New. S. Wales, New Holland, at the mouth ot the river Hawklbury, Broke?iborQugb, or Brokenbrldge, Wilts, a mile from Malmlbuiy. Brokeiihurj}, Hants, in the New Foreft. Brokcjty, Leicef. 4. miles W. of Melton-Mowbray. Brockiver, Gloucef. Bromborcugh, Chcih. Browe, Bedf. near Biggleiwade. Brome, W. ot Durham city, brome, Nort. near Bungay. Brome, Shropi. near Clunbury. Brofne, Shropf. 3 miles W. of Wcnlock. Brome, Staff. nearClent. Brome, Suff. 2 miles from Dis. Brome-BurneWs, War- wickfliire, between Bitford and Snlford. Brome Hall.. Norf. Iittween Loddon and Bungay. Brome- Hal/, Shropi. near Of- weltry. Brome Hall, Yorkl. near Shef- field. Bromeha/n, Sufl'cx, near Battle- Ab- bey. Bromehill, Dorletl". near Morton. BromehiH, N^rt. N. of Walfham. Brome- hill, Kent, three miles SW. of Lydde. Brome Hoiife, Middlefcx, near Fiilham. Brome-King's, Warw. near Brome- Biir- nelis. Brome-Park, Northumb. NW. of Alnwick. Bromfietd, Elfex, near Clitlml- lord. BromJieLi, Kent, near Lcnham. Bromfield, Yorklhire, between South-Cave and the Humber. Bromford, Northumh. NW.ofWooUer. £rowW/,Cnclh. NW. «f Stockport, BromhaUi Chcfliire, nui B R O Combermere. Bromley^ Dorfetf. a miTe and a halt SW. of Abbots-Stojce. *Bro m l e y, Kent, on the river RavenC- bourn, 10 miles ironi London, on tlie load to Tuiihi idge. Market on Thurfday. Bromhj, Middl.ncar Bow, x miles from London. Bromley, Chtfh. near Comber- mere. Bromley, Shropi. between Kiiigf- wood ai.d Nether- Heath, Bromley, Shvo-pW between Biidgenorth and Woriii. Brem- Icy, Stuff. between Swinford and Brockmere. Bromley-Abbey, or Abbots'- Bromley, Staff. 6 miles from StafFoid. Mtrkct on Tucfday. Bromley- Bagots, W. of Bromley- Abbey, Bromley-Gerards, Staff, near Bloreheath, Bromley Hurjl, Staff. SE. of Pagets-Brom- ley. Bromley, Magna and Pur-va, ElTex, n^-ar Maningtree, Bro^/iley Regis, or Ki»g"s- Bromley, Staff, on the Trent. Bromptoiif Kent, near Rochef^er. Bi'omflon Miudl. in the parlfh of Kenlingt n. Brompton, Dorlctf. near Bridport. Brampton Brian, Heret. 7 miles from L'idlow. Bromjho- rough, Globcef. 4 miles from Ledbury. * Bromsgrove, a town of Worceller- fliire, near the rile or the river Salwarp, has a confiHerable trade in clothing, and a good market (onTuelday) for corn, cat- tie, and provihons. It is 15 miles NE. by N. of Worcetler, and 115 NW. of London. Lat. 51.25- N. Ion 2. 3. W. Brornfall, Staftordl. SW, of Uttoxeter. Eromjiborp, Norf. near Rudham. Bromf- ivell, Suffolk, near Woodbridge. Brom- ivich. Shropf. near Olweftry. Bromix-ichf Great and Little, and Br-omivi^h-CiT/He, Warwickfhire, nearColelhill. Bromiuicb, If'eji, Staffordfhire, S. of Walfal. " Bromyard, a townot Heretbrdfhire, 16 miles NE. of Hereford, and 125 WNW. of London. Lut. 52. 8. N. Ion. a.:o. W. Market on Mondiy. Bromytle, or TiiJ, a river in Northum- beriand. Broneljion, Cumberland, in the parilh of Daiuou. Broni, i>r Bronno, in theMLlanefe. Brooke, Ru.l. near Oakham. Brook, Wilts, S. of N.Bradley. i>;-60^, Kent,, near Afhford. Brook, Kle of Wight, in W. Medina. Brook Green, Middl. near Hauimernui'h. Brookbouje, Kent, near Dxriford, Brooiiami, Kcni, in Rotnney- Marfli, 3 miles NW. ot Lyd. Brookhy, Kent, Wctwcen Eltham and St. Mary Ci ay. Bruiks Borough, F^rmanagn, Dllter, nearly 87 n.iles from Dublin. Brcokjlnet, Effex, near Burntwood. Broom, Loch, a lake and arm of the if?., on the W. coaft of Rolsfluie, noted for fine herrings, being tfttemedoneot the bsft f.fnin^ ftaiiwis on thecoalt. H 3 . Brora, B R O ■Rrora, a rca-poit, river, and lake of Suthti Limlfliire, on the SE. coa(t. Brofely, Shropi. 5 miles fVom Bridge- north . Brofnry. in King's Coi nty. BrojloH. Nu' (. i\ miles E. oi Norwich. Broihirhrf^. !,inc. 4. miles S. ol Sjiald- jng, H.-ni>-ertcft; Liiic. NW. ot Boffon. Brota, Y'lrkl. 4 milts fiom Gifboroug'h. Brouaoe, a town in the cupt. of Lower Cliarente. Here are the fi.'tit I'alt- %''r!rl;s in France ; the fait is called bay- falt, btcivife it lies on a bay oi the fca. It is 17 miks S. of Roclielle, and 170 SW. of Paris, Lat. 45. 51. N. Ion. i. 4.. W. BkO'JC A, 15 miles S of Catania, Sicily. BiiOUCK, a town ot Berne, SwifiVrland. B8.0UEK.SHAVEN, a Id ()ort in the Tfland of Schowtn, 9 miles SW. of Hel- votWkiys. L:it. 51. 40. N. Ion. 3. 5+. E. B>ou{;h-u;oK-SaiidS: Cumberl. 5 miles NW. ofCaiiide. *Brouc;h, or Bvrgh upon-Stan- MOR.E, Weftin. 6 miles from Appleby. Mtrk;;t on Thurlday. Brough, York.(hire, in Holdernefs. Brougham, Wellmorland, near Penrith. Broughf/:ane, in Antrim, Ulller, 95 iniits troni Dublin. BroughtO/t, Lane. 4 miles NW. of Ul- Vcillon. Brotighton, Line, near Gland- ford Bridge. Broughion. Northamptoiil'. rear Kettering, Brougbto?!, Oxf. near B."'nry. Broughton, Han's, near the V/iJlops. Brciigh(n7i, Wiltfliire, between Bradford and Lrtycock. Broughton^ Staff. 5 miles NW. ot Ecclefiiall. Brought en, Bucks, 2 miles E. of Ayleibury. Brough- ion, Bucks, between Wobnrn and New- port. Broughton. Warwickf. a hamlet of Wliitchurch. Broughton, Herts, near Hoiiiieldcn. Broughion, Hunt. 4 miies S. of R:imi'ey. Broughton, Lane. 5 miles from Prefton. Broughton. Shropf. in the parirti of Wurthen. Broughton, Shropf. 3 or 4 milts fi om Wem. Broughton, Yorkf. 5 miles SW. of Skipton. Broughton, Yorkf. 3 miles SE. of Stokefley. Brough- ion, Great and Little, Cumb. near Cock- ermouth. Broughton- Ajhiey, Leicef. 4 miles N. of Lutterworth. Broughton Caf- tlf, Cumb. E. of Penrith. Broughton- Church Dei by f. 4 miles E. of Saperton. Broughton- Harletij, 3 miks E. of Wor- ce(ter. Broughton-O'ver, Nottingh. and Broughion-Nither, Lncef. adjoins each the oth'-T. Broaghton-Pcges, Oxf. near Letchl idr. Brcugbton- on-fhe- Sanits,Cvmh. on Solw;iy-Frith. Brou»gel/j'. Cornw. on a hill N. of Lefkird. Broufirigg , Cumb . r^ar A'^bev Holm. BrcMn, Soinerf. near Cathampton. Broivr-Qiniio'ver, Hants. Brszvnr'tgg, Nyithumb. between Feid. B R U Caftic and Woller. Broiunfell, Dorfcff. near C mdli - Wake. Broiv-Jea-Ijle, Dorf. in the harbour of Pool. Brovmfovert Warwickf. N. of Rugijy. Brovjnfzue/lt Middl. on Finchley-Ci'inmon. Broxham, Kent, nearly 5 mile.< W. of Ptnfliurlt. Broxhourn, and Broxbournbury, Herts, near lioddeldon. Brox.y, Yorkf. N. of Pickcrmg-Foi elt. Broxholm, 4 miles NW. of Lincoln. Broxtfd, Eflex, 4 miles S. of Thixted. Broxton, Chefhire, S. of Beelron-Caftle. Eroxlon, Han's, 4 miles E. oi Alton. BrcxtJTX), or Brocul/lonv, NW. of Nottingham. Broxnx'ycd] He- lef. 3 miies E. of Kvneton. Broyle, Suf- Itx, 3 mdcs SE. ot Lev.'ts. Bruce-Cajlley Middl. near Tottenliani. Bp-Uschal. a town of Spire, Germany, Bruc.k. f r Brugo. Stc Brouck. Briuk-Cafile, Htmt. between the SaU trys and S:ilton. Bruck-R'^^alk, Sulfex, between B nwalh and Itchingh.im. Bru- ern, Oxf.)rd(li. near Banbury. Bruerton, St..ffor.l(hire, neai Rugeley. Brujf, in Limerick, Munfter. Bruges, a large city of the ci-devant Auttrian Flanders, formerly the English (faple for wool, and the centre of commu- nication between the Lomhftrds and the Hanfeatic merchants. Hither the Lorn- bards brouglit the products of Lidia, and the m.anufac^nres of Italy, and exchanged them lor the commodities of the north. It was then the greatcft tr.iding town 'u\ Europe, every commercial nation of which hadaconfid lure. But. in the i6th century, the civil wars, occafioned by the tyranny of Philip II. drove the trade firft to Ant- werp, and then to Amfterdam. Bruges, is not therefore populous now in piopor- tion to it's extent : but it's fituation liill commands fome trade, as it communicates by canals with Ghent, Olfend, Sluys, Nieuport, Furnes, Ypres, and Dimkirk. It is S miles nearly E. of Oltend. Lat, 51. 12. N. Ion. 3. 17. E. Brugge, or Bruggen, in Hilde- flieim, Lower S.!Xony, Brugneto, a town of Genoa. Brumfeld, Cimiberlaiid, 4 miles W. of Wigton. Brumfield,'Somt\i'. 5 miles from Taunton, and 5 SW. of Bridgewater. Brumham, 2 miles from Bedford. Brum- ham, '^ViltSj 4 miles NW. of Devizes. Brumley, Northumb. between Newbiggen and Newcalfle. Brumptou, Yorkf. near Northallerton. Brumpton, Yorkf. 5 miles SW. of Scarborough. Brumptom-Ralph, Somcnetf. 2 milts SV^''. of Stokcgomer. Brumpton-Kegis, Somerf. 2 miles NE. of Dulverton. Bruwjial, or BrtnifaL, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Appletrewick. Brum- zijcil, Norf. 3 milts N. of Birandon-Ferry, BrundaiL B R U SrundalL Lancaftiirc, SW. of PToughton- Tower. Brundal, 3 miles E. of Norwich. Brutiden, Effex, near Svidbiiry. Brundij'h, Siiff 4 miles NE.of Framlinghain. Brun- diJh-Hall, EHTex, 2 miles from Ongar. Brunetto, in Piedmont, neav SuHi. Brunlefs, Biecknockf. nearCrickhowel. Erunn, Yoikf. in Howden wapentake. Brunseuttle, a city of HoKtein, in Lower Saxony, i'eated at the mouth of the Elbe, 13 miles NW. of Glucklladt. Lat. 54. 2. N. Ion. 9. 2. E. Bruiijhtv, Shropf. between Barlow and Lidbiuy. Bru/ijltd, Norf. 4 miles N. of Hickling. Brunswick, capital of the duchy of Bnml'wick, is feated on the river Ocker, 55 miles W. of Magdeburg. Lat. 54. 25. N. Ion. 10. 42. E. Brunswick, a coimtry in the circle of Lower Sixony, divided into 4 duchics and 2 counties. The duchies of Brunf- wick Proper, and Biunlwick Wolfenbut- tle, with the counties of Rheinltein and Blanckenberg, are fuhjei^ to the duke of Biunlwick WoUenbuttle, while the elec- tor of Hanover is duke of Biunfwick Gnibenhagen, and Brunlwick Crdenberg, which alio includes the duchy ot Gotcin- gen. Brunfwick is fertile in corn and pallure, and has mines of copper, lead, Sic. It's principal rivers are the Welcr, the Ocker, the Leyne, and the Ilmenau. Brunswick, a town of Georgia, in N. America, where the Turtle River dif- charges itl'elf into St. Simon's Sound. It has a faie and extenfive harbour, capable of containing the largeft fhips. The town is regularly laid out, but not completed. From it's advantageous fituation, and the fertility of the back country, it promiles to be a great trading town. It is 70 miles SW. by W. of Savannah. Lat. 31. lO.N. Ion. 8a. o. W. Brunswick, a city of New Jerfey, in N. America, on the SW. bank ot Raritan River, 12 miles above Perth-Amboy. The inhabitants have a confiderable inland trade, and many fmall velTels. Here is alfo a flourilhing college, called Queen's-Col- lege. Lat. 40. 20. N. Ion. 74. iq. W. Brunswick, New, the N W. divifion of Acadia, or Acadie, which in 1784 was divided into two governments. Nuva- Scotia is now properly the peninl'ula ; 'NewBrunfwick forms the relt of the main land E. of the river St. Croix. Since the conclufion ot the Aiiierican war, the emi- gration of loyaliits to this province from the United States, has been confiderable. Large traits of land have been cultivated, and Icveral new towns laid out, among which are, Shelburne, F.irr.Town, Dig- BUG by. and New Edinburgh. The province is now advancing in population and fer- tility. Brunthorp, Line. 2 miles SE. of Al- ford. Br lint 071, Northumb. near Duu- (lahurgh-Caftlc. Brury, in Limerick, Munfter. Bra jf bridge , Netting, near Work fop. Brujhford D^vorf. S. of Winkley. Bru~ fiard, Suff. 4 milts NE. cf Fiamlingham. Brii/ketb, Cumb. a river running into the Eden, near Carlifle. Brussels, a large city in Flanders, capital of the late Aulfrian Brabant, about 7 miles in circumference. The ftrtets are fpaclous, and the houl'es pretty high. In Brulfels art 7 fquares or market- places. The great market-place is ele- gant and beautiful. The public buildings are fumptuous, and here are numerous fountains. The Rivage is the lower part of the city, cut out into canals for the con- venience of fhip;)ing, for which a canal has been cut from the Scheldt about 15 miles from Biullels, which coil this city i,Soo,ooo dollars, and by which trech- fchuyts, or paflage- boats, pafs between Bruflels and Antwerp. BaifTcls is cele- brated for it's lace, camlets, and tapeffry. It is feated partly on an eininence, and partly on a fertile plain, on the river Senne, 22 miles S. of Antwerp, 26 SE. of Ghent, and T48 N. by E. of Paris. Lat. 50. 51, N. Ion. 4. 28. E. Bruton, a town of Somerfctfljire, well built and populous. It's chief i'radc is in ferges, (fockings, and matting. It is 12 miles SE. of We|ls, and 109 W. of London. Lat. 51. 7. N. Ion. z. 38. W. Market on Situidav. Eruyiers, a town in the dept. of the Vofges, 22 miles nearly S. of Luneville, Lat. 48. 18. N. Ion. 6. 50. E. Bry, Bru, or Breizt, a river in Somerfetf. BTjan's Bridge, in Clare, Mimfter, on the Shannc)n, 8 miles N. of Limericic. Bryanjlon, a few miles from Dublin. Brjn, Lancaf. near Wigan. Bry>?{ng, Lane. 5 iriles SW. of Kiikham. Brjn- ton, Stafl". N. ot Blimhill. BuA, or Partridge-Isle, on the coaft of Dnlmatia. BuARCOS, a town of Beira. Buhnall, D-:rbyf. in the Peak. Biibnalty Warw. W. of Dun^more•Hea^h. Btd'tonf Derby r. in Applelree hundred. BuHvith, YofKi". W. of Wighton. Burhain, Norf. near Havergate, W. of Yaimoutii. BucHAN, a diltriiSl of Aberdec-.ifbire, forming the NE. part of Scctland, frutn the fca to the river Ythan, on the SW. BucKANNESS, a piomonttiry in the diftrid of Br.chai), the incft tuftern part of H 4. Scotland. BUG fcotlan-i. La'. 57.18. N. Ion. 1.26.W. I},-twcen mis promontory and Pcttiliead, ii the place tailed tht: Bulltrs oi' Boilers of Buchan i a large oval c:ivity in the Tocks, 150 iVet in depth, round ^vhich Is a foot paih. Boats (ail into it fioin the lea lindei- a natural aich, rcl'nihling a large gotliic window. At a little dillance is a vaft infulated rock, divided by a narrow and Virydeipchalin from ti\e land. About the middle ux this lock, many feet above tiie level of the water, is a brge triangn- 3ar aperture, tl)rough whicli the Tea, wh^n agitated, ruil.es in with a tremendous noiic. BucHAiiJA, Gre.^t, a country of \V. Tartary, bounded on the N. by Siberia; on the E, by Little Bucharia ; on the S. by Pt-rfia and India j ana on the W. by the Calpian Sea and apart ofPcrfin, Tlie land is wcJI cultivated, and the inhabitants are warlike, and in general tawny, with Mack hair. See Bokhara. JJucKARiA, Little. See Cashgur. BuCHAW, a free town of Suabia, BucKORtST, a town ofWalachia. BucHORN, a free town of Suabia. Btick-a-Baiik, Cumb, in Dalfton parifli, Su.t'yy-Long, Northamp. 3 miles NE. of .Daventry. Buckden; iti Bugdett. Buck- don, Ycrkf, near Bifliopidale-Ciiale. Buck- flly, Coinv.-. 4 rnilcs SW, of Camelford. ^ucken-Hall, ElTcx, N. of Booking. BucKENKAM, Norf. 12 miles from Tlietford, and 90 from London. Mar- ket on Saturday. BircKENHAM, New, Norf, on the ri- ver Waveney, between Ipl'wich and Nor- v-ich, 96 miles from London. Market on €4turday. Buckenbam, Old, N W. of New Bucken- liam. Buckenham-Ferr)', over the rivtr Yare, 5 miles E. of Norwich. Buckenbam- Houfe, Norfolk, 4 miles N. of Thetfoid. BuckerelLHi'von'i. 3 miles W. of Honiion. Buckern, Cornw. 3 miles N. of Bodmin. hiickfajlleigh, Devon!". 3 milcj from A(h- burton. Buckham, Surry, near Egham. Buckbamptoii, Bcrkfliire, near Lamborn. Bucklxik, SufTex, 2, miles SE. of Hoo. "Buckhclt Foreji, Hants, on the edge of Wilts, Bucktorn-lVejhn, Dorlttfli. near Wincaiiton. Buckhurji, Sufltx, under Alh- down-Foreft. Bl'CKIiNf^KAMSHIRE, or BucKS, a county of England, bounded en the W. by Oxfordfliire j on the N. bv Northamp- ionlTiire ; on the E. by Bedfordlhiie, Herts, and Middlefex j and on the S. by Berks and Siniy, from which it is fepa- rated by the Thames, as it is f;om Mid- dlefex by the Coin. It is 39 miles in length, and 18 in breadth, containing 8 hundreds, il^ naiiiTies, ajad ii market- towns, The BUG air Is healthy, and the foil fertile, being chiefly chalk or marie. Fine wheat is grown in the uplands, barley is cultivated in the ChJItein-liiiU, herds of cattle, and vaft flocks of flivcp, the largeft in England, graze in the meadows, efpecirdly m the fertile vale of Aiielbury : and tlic hills in many places aie covered with woods, in which aic great (juan'ities of betcli. The principal manutaclurcs of this county are pajfcr and bonclace. *iiL'CKiNGiiA:.!, ihe chief town of Bucks, is fcdttd on the river Oule, by which it is neaily fb. rounded, and over which it has ■; hamubme ftone bridges. It is 25 miles NE. of Oxford, and 57 NW. of London. Lat.fi.sG.N. lon.o. 58.W, Market 011 Siiurday. Buckbigham, Suifex, N. of Shoreham. Buckington, Wilts, between Devizes and Trowbridge. Buckland-Monackorum, De- vonf._ near Taviltock. Buckland, B-rks, near FaiTir.gdon. Buckland, Bucks, NE. of Wendover. Buckland- Ripers, Dorfetlh, SW. of Radipole, Buckland, Gloucef. 5 miles W. of Campden. Buckland, Herts, 34. miles from L ndon. Buckland, Kent, near Dover. Buckland, Kent, near Maid- Itone. Buckland, Kent, near Feverlham. Buckland, Line, he. ween Tatterfhall and Hcjincadle. Buckland, Somerfetf. 2 miles NE.of Fronie. Buckland, Somerf. fniiles from Taunton. Buckland, Surry, near Ryegate. Buckland-Abbots, Wilts, near Cdne. Buckland-Bruer, De\onf. NW, of Torrington. Buckland, E. and W, Dcvonf. near South Moulton. Buckland- Fee, Someif. near North Pciheiton. Buck- land-Fill)!, Devonl". NW, of Shtepwafti, BuclLmd-Houfe, Hants, in the New Fo, rdf. Buckland- Mary, Soinerf. 4 miles SW. ot limmller. Buckland, North, De- vonl. near Bear-Alfton. Bi'.ckland-To'^a;n- fand, Devonf. near Dartmouth. Buckland, tioiuerf. near Wellington. Buckland- Ab- bas, or Neau.on, Dorletf. 4 milts NE. of Cerne- Abbas. Buckland' s-Place, Glouc. near Badgwoith. Bucklebury, Berks, NE, of Newbury, Bucklejliatn, SufF. between Ipfwichand Bawdfey. Buckley, Chef. W. ot I lie Lake Combermere. Buckley, Co; nw, 3 n)iles NW. ot Camelford. Buckley Fe- key, Nortiiamp. near Daventry. Buckmin- fur, Leicef. bordering on Rutl, Buckmifi-, j!cr, Wilts, 4 miles N. of Ambrelbtiry, Bucknall, Line. 5 miles W. of Hotncfitle, Bucknell, Oxfordl". near Bicelter. Buckneilt Shropf. on the borders of Heref. Bucknell, Somtrf. near Staple-Fitz-Pain. Bucknell^ StaffordJh. 3 miles N. of Stone. Bucknefs, Cumb. W. of Stapleton. Bucknol, Dorf, 1 mile SW. of Corfe-Caftle. Buck/lead^ Suil, ntai" Aflido"r.nFort;ft. Buckjeed, Suflii ma;* B U K near Haylfham. Buckthorp, 4. miles S. of Glouceller. Biickton, Herct. near Brump- ton-Biyaii. Buckton, Nortliainp. W. of Moulton. Buckton, Northumb. near Fen- wick. Buckton, Yoikf. N. of Bridlington. Buck^ioare, Eliex, W. ot Roding-Abbey. Euck-iveU, Kent, between Canterbury anil Wnitllable. Bucknvarth, Nor;huinb. near NtvvcalUc.£«fy?'acw.''?^!Hunt.nearLeiglUon. BuDA, orOFFEN, tii.e capital of Lower Hungary, fituated on the lide of a hill, on the \V. bank of the Danube. The public buildings are elegant, and in the adjacent country are warm bath?, and vineyards producing excellent wine. It is 105 miles SE. of Vienna, and 560 NVv''. of Conft an- tinople. Lat. 4.7. 25. N. ion. 18. 22. E. Budbrook, two miles W. of Warwick. Budzvorth, 3 miles from Warwick. Bud- bj, Nott. near Thoweilby. BUDDESDALE, or BOTESDALE, Suf- folk, on ihc borders of Norfolk, 15 miles NE. of Bury, on the road to Yarmouth. Market on Thurfday. BuDELiCH, a town of Treves. Budefden, Chefh. W. of the Merfey, op- poiite to Liverpool. Budejloti, St, Pc.'er, or Biddle/h/i, Wilts, near Chippenham. Biidic, Northumb. near Bamburgh-Caftle. BuDissEN. See Bautzen. BuDLEY, DcvonOi. near the mouth of the river Otter. Market on Monday. Budnahoc, Bedf. NW. of Bigglefwade. BuDOA, a fea-port town ot Daliriatia. Budoc, Corn, near Pcnryn and Falmouth. pudox, St. Dcvonr.4. milci. N.ot Plymouth. Bud RIO, a town in the Bolognefe. BuDvvEis, a townofBechin, Bohemia. Bud%vorth, Magna and Far-ua, Chefti. Buenos Ayres, orCrviDAO de la Trinidad, is the I'eat of a viceroy, and a confiderable lea-port of La Plata, leated «n the I iver Plata, 50 miles from the fea, on the E. coall of S. America. Part of the trealures and merchandife of Peru and Chili, which are exported to Spain, is hiought here, and received by the regifler- fliips. Lat. 34. 35. S. Ion. 5S. 26. W. Buerley, Yorkf. near Pitley -Bridge. Buer/rj, Yorkf. NV/. of Halifax. Buer- toii, C:ief. E. of Combennere. Bugbar- roxv, Dorfetfhire, adjoining Brere-R>.'gis. Bugbrook, ■i\ miles W. of Northampton. Bugden, Hunts, N. of Bcdington. BuGiA, or BoujEiAii, a fea-port of Algiers, BuGiE, a port of Egypt, on the W. ccait of the Red Sea, fubjcct to Mecca. Bug/d, Suflex, W. of Rotlierbridge. ^I'.gthorp, Yorkf. 5 miles N. of Pockling- tcii. BuUih, Sec Be ait. Euis, Le, iu the dept. of Drome. 33UKARI, alt.i-por: of Morlachia, BUN BuLAC, a town of Egypt, of confider- able trade, containing about 4.000 fami- lies. It is fcated on the E. ftiore of the Nile, 2 miles W. of Grand Cairo, bi-ing the lea-port of that city. On the N. fide of it is the Califch, whole banks are cut every year to convey the watcis of the Nile by a canal, to Grand Cairo. Lar, 30. 2. N. ion. 31.22. E. BuLAM, a fertile illand of Africa, in 10 degrees N. lat. at the mouth of the Rio Grande. An attempt has been lately made to coloniit; it by free negroes, under the dirc6f ion of the Buiam Alfociatioii in Eng- land ; as alio to ellablirti a friendly inter- courfe with the natives, and a trade un- polluted by llavery ; the undenakint;, however, is now poitponed on account of the war. Bully, Line- near Stainfleet. Buky- Cnfile, Weftmor. near Appleby. Bulej- Grange, Durh. 3 miles NE. of Stockton^ Bulford, Wilts, 3 mil:?s N. ol Ambrefbury. Bulgaria, a province of Turkey, bounded on the W. by Scrvia and Mace- donia ; on the Ni by Walachia J on the E. by the Black S>;a; and on the S. by Romania. Bidham, in the lile of Wight. Bullock, 6 miles from Dublin. Bulkington, Wilts, near Pottern. Bulk- ington, Warw. 4 miles froin Coventry. Bulkley, Chelli. NW. of Cholmondeiey* Bulk^jjorthy, Devonf. W. of Torringtoi). BuLi.iNGB^R0OK,Linc. 4. miles SE. of HornoifUe. Market on Tuefday. BuHingham, Upper and Loiiiia>!e, in Sligo, Connaught. Buj!.t:'Jirfs, in Mayo, Connaught. BuNTlNGFOfeD, a town of Herts, 7 noiles S. of Royllon, and 31 N. by E. of London. Marke. on Monday, Bun'i.igfJale, Shroplh. near Drayton. Eu/izvifll, Norh 4. miles from Wymund- bain. Bupion, Wilts, 5 miles N. of C:ilne. BuRAGRAG, a river of Fez, which falls into the Atlantic at Sallee. ■ Burbach, Leice)'. near Iligh-Crofs and Hinckley. Buybeck,'Wc&m. SW. of Ap- pliby. Burbeck, a river of VVtltm. run- nino into rheLune. Burbich, Wilts, W. of Great B.dwin. Burbrook, Elfex, be- tween A.Oidcn and Steeple-Bi'.mlted. Bur- cbalk, Wilts, SW. of Saiilbury Pliin. B.'.rcham, Magna, Ne-zvton, and 'Tofts, Norf. 3 villages 4. n»iles NE. of Caltle- Kifing. Burchills, Staff. 1 mile NW. of Walfal. Burchope, between Hereford and Leoniinftei'. Burcomb, Doifeti'. in the pa- »ifli of 13. Perrot. Burcoinb- Lodge, Somerf. NE. of Billion. Burcomb, N. and .9. Wilt*, near SaliibvMv. Burcot, Northamp. near Towcelter. Dunst, Shropf. NW. of Great V/cniock. Burcot, Somerf. SE. of Wrinton. Burcot, Oxf. near Dorchelter. Burjforth, Yoiki'. S.of Thirik. Burdkarn, Suliex, 4 miles from Chichefter. Burdi/ig- hury. Warwick!'. N. of Long Itchington. B:trldoi:, Dmii. Burdon, Durh. N. of Seaton Burdon, Great and Liltle, Dvirh. between Darlington and Stockton. E'-tr- don. Old, Dtirham, near Lnmley-Caftie. Burdop. Craig, Northumb. NW. of Ellef- nibe Sr. Nicholas. Burlaton, Staff, near S!ieriif-H:il. s. Burhigh-Houfe . Nor- thamp. I mile SE. 0: Stamford. Biirlef' c-omb, Devonf. near Hoicombe. Biirbftorit Dorietl". ntu- Atiielhamfton. Burlejon- i/je- Hill, RudzncW. nearOak.ham. Biirley, Yorkl. nenrOtley. BurUy, Hants, in the New Foreft. 5z^r/r)N Shiopf. N. of Lud- low. Burl'j-Park, Ltic. near Loughbo- rough. Burliu^ton. See Briciy^ngton. Bur- lington, Shi.pfhire, SW. ot Wem. Bu:iLiNGroN, a town of New Jerfey, in N. America, fcated on Delaware River, which is here a mile broad, and under ftielter of Mittinnicunk. and Burlington Iflands, affords a lafe and convenient h ir- bour. It is a place of confideiable traile, and the majority of the inha!)itanrs are Qu^akers. It is 17 miles NE. of Phila- dcli)hia. Lat. 4-0. 17. N. Ion. 75. 10. W. BuRMAH, an extenlive kingdom of In- dia, E. of the Ganges, fometimes called Ava, from the name of it's capital. It is bounded by Meckley :ind Thibet on the N. and by Pegu on the S. occupying both fides of the river Ava, as far as the fron- tiers of China. On the W. it has Aracan and Rofliaan ; and en the E. Cliina and Upper Siam. This country, which is lit- tle known to Europeans, produces fome of the bed teek timber in India. Ships built of teek, upwards of 4.0 years old, are no uncommon objeffs in the Indian feas, while an European- built fiiip is ruined there in five years. There ate feveral va- luable mines here ; the country is fertile, and elephants, horles, and other animals, are nvnnerous. Burmajh, Kent, in Romney-Marfh. Burmington, Warwickfli. SE. of Shipton. Biirnby, Suffolk, E. of Beccles. Buinby, Yorkfh. near Pocklington. Biirnchurch, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Buraep, Durh.on the borders of Cumb. Burnere, Cornwall, near Padftow-Haven. Burnes, Cumb. N. of Kefwick. Burnet, Somerf. 4^- miles W. of Bath. Burneton- Batail, Northumb. near Bamburgh-Cal'- tle, Burhall, SW. of jDuriiam. Burn^atc, BUR Dorf. I mile E. of Lulworih. Biirnh.^m, Bucks, ^ miles E. of Maidenhead. Near it are BurnhaTfiBo^eney. and Burnham- Eajt. Burnhajn-Deepdale, Noifolk, m the NW. p:,rt of the county, noted for it's lalt-niiirfhes, on which fheep thrive well. BuRNHAM, a town of Norfolk, leafed near the fea, 29 miles NW. of Norwich, and 126 NE. of London. Lat. 53 4. N. Ion. o. 48. E. There are I'everai villages in it's neighbourhood, which are alfo call- ed Burnham, as well as that of Burnham- Deepdale. Market on Saturday, Burnham, a fiiliing town of EfTex, at the mouth of the river Crouch, whicii ie here called Burnham- Water. The Wal- fleet and Burnham oyffers :;re the produi5t of the cre.k and pits of this river. It is 44 miles from London. Burnham, Somerl'. neirthe Start-Poinf* Burnham, Nether^n^ Upper, Line, in the Kle cf Axholm. Bur>ihoIm, N. and ■$■. Yorkf. E. Riding, E, o- Pocklington, Burniugbam, Norf. 4 miles SE. ot Holt. Burnijlon, Yurkfliire, N. of Scarborough. jB«r/.'zy/(5«, Yorki.betvveen B dal and Thirfk. Burnley, a town of Lancafliire, in a healthy lituation, 35 miles SE. of Lancaf- ter, and 20 S NNW. of London. Lat. 53, 46. N. Ion. 2.15. W. Marke^ on Sat. Burnfal, YorkI'. on the Wherfe, be- t'.v;.en Settle and Paitley-Bridge. Burnt' Ely, Sutf. between Sudbury and Billion. Burntisland, a town in Fifefliire, with an excellent harbour, feated under a ftupendous reck, on the Frith of Forth, 10 miles NW. of Edinburgh. Lat. 56. S. N. Ion. 3. 5. W. i?.vr/>;^, Dorfetf. N. of Bridport. Burph^ «;;;, Sulf. NE. of Arundel. BurphantSf Surry, S. of Wi king. BuRRAMPOOTER, or Santoo, a ri- ver of Alia, which rifes near the head of the Ganges, in the mountains of Thibet* Iffuing from oppoiite fides of the fame ridge of mountains, thel'e rivers flow in difierent dire£fions, till they are 1200 miles afunder ; yet meet in onepoint about 40 miles from the fea, after each has run through a winding courfe of about 2000 miles. The Burrampooter, for 60 miles before it's junclion with the Ganges, is regularly from 4 to 5 miles wide, and, but for it's freflmefs, might pais for an arm of the !ea : in other refpeds it bears an intimate rel'emblance, during a courfe of 400 miles tiirough Bengal, to that river. Burram, E, and IV. Hants. Burn-l, Yorkf". N. Riding, 3 miles N. of Snape, and W. of Bedal. Barrels, Weltmor. S. of Appleby. Burrington, Devon!', a little N. of Chumleigh. Burri'igton, Devoiif. N. of Plyinpiou. Surrisi BUR Burris, in Carlow, Leinfler, 54. milts from Dublin. Burrifaleigh, in Tipperary, Miin(tei-, 78 miles from Dublin. Burrohy, Voikl". 3 miles fioin Tliirrtc. BurrOilen, Northumbul. near Upper and Lower Trewliet. Burrozu, Norfolk, nt-sr Alefli'im. Burrough, Norf. between Fa- kenliain aii'l Holt. Burroiv, S. of L;in- cafttr. Burroxu, Leice/'. near BilKlllon. Burro-iv-Green, 2 miles iVom Cambiidpe, nml 2 from Newmarket. Burrozv-Hili, NorthamptonfirMe, near Daventry. Bursa, or Prusa, one of the largeft cities oi Turkey, in Afia, containing about 40,000 Turks, 400 faniiHes (;f Jews, 500 of Armenians, and 300 of Greeks. It ibnds on fevcral little hills at tile foot of Mount Olympus, and on the edge of a fine plain, covered with mulberry, and various fsuit trees, and was the capital of the Ot- toman dominions before the taking of Coniiantinople. Tlie mofques and cara- vanl'eras are cleg:mt, and every hcufii has it'i fountain. Tlie bezeflins is a large lirucliire full of warehoufes and fliops, con- taining all the commodiries of the E.iff, befide their own manufaRures in filk. Here are the belt wcrkuitn in Turkey, who aie excellent imit.'^tors of tiie taptltry of Italy and France. Burla is the capital ot a province of Natolia Proper, called by the Turks Becfangil, and anciently Bi- thynia. It is 60 miles S. of Conffanti- Jiople. Lat. 39. 32. N. Ion. 20. 5. K. Bur/cough, Lancsfli. near Latham and Ornilkirk. Burjlem, Staff. 3 miles from Newcallle-under Line. Burjeley, Wore. 4 miles SE. of Biomfgrove. Burfiall, NT-. of LeJctlfer, en the Stour. Burfiall, Suff. \V. of Iplwich. Burficill, York!', between }iudde)sfield and Leeds. Burfiall-Garth, Yorkf". in Holdemefs. Burfiedy Great and Little, EfTex, near Billencay. Bur- jiocb, Dorfetf. W. of Bemilter. Buyfon, Staff. NE. of NewcalUe-under-LIne. Bur- fion, Bucks, NE. of Ailefbury. Burfion, DorfetC. 4. miles W. of Bere-Regis. Bur- fton, Norfolk, i mile from Difs. Burfton, Norf. 4 miles S. of Holt. Burfiorv, Surry, near £. Grinftead. Burfizvhk, Yoikf. in Holdernets. Bur'ford-Houfe, Wilts, near S^lifburv. Burthorp, Glouc. near Lechlade. Burile-Houfe, Somerf. near Bridgewater. Burton- Staiher., j^ linali town of LincoliiHiire, on a hill, near the Trent, 30 jnilcs NW. of Lincoln, and 164 N. by W. of London. Lat. 53. 40. N. ion. o. 36. W. Market on Monday. Burton, a town of Wcitmorland, ti miles N. of Lancatter, and 247 NNW. of London. Lar. 54.. 10. N. Ion. 2. 50. W. ■Market on Tuelday. iiurton, 3 oj- 4 miles from Nottingham, BUR on the road to Newark. Burton, Berk*, near Afhbury, and Whitc-Horfe-Hill. Burton, Chefh. NW. near tiie Dee. Bur- ton, 5 miles E. of Chelter. Burton, near Buckingham. Burton, D'llctfh. W. of Wartham. Burton, Doif. near Bridport. Burton, Great and Little, Dorleti. a little N. of Dorcliclter. Burton, Hercf. NK. of Pembiidgt.-. Burton, Kent, near AtJiford, Bur:on, Kent, near Punbridge. Bi:rtortf Lincolnf. Iietween Grantham and Maiket- Deeping. Burton, NW. of Lincoln. Bur- i?n, Norf. 3 miles SE. of Wurlfed. Bur- ion, Njrthumb, S. ui Bambuigh Cftie. Burton, Sluopf. between Wenlock and S!ne« Ibiuy. Burton, Shropf. S. of Wen- lock. Burton, S men. near Wyncaiuon. Burton, bomerf. W. of Bedminitcr. Bur- ton, SomcrC. near Somerton. Burton, Ifle of Wi^ht, near Cowcs. Burton Hants, between Lyniington and Clnilt-Ciurch. Burton, Staff, near Pcnkridgc. Burton, E. and IV. Sulf. between Pctworih and Arundel. Burton, E. and IV. Weltmor. E. of Appleby. Burton, E. and IV» Yorkr. in Holdemefs. Burton, E and /^, Yorkf. 4 miles NE. of Richmond. Burton, Wore, in Lower and Upper Sapy. Burto'i-Agnes, Yarkfi)ire, E. ot Kilham. Burto'i-Bifiiops, Yoik)'. N. of Beverley. Burion Black, Oxtordf. N. of BradwelL Burton Ckerrj, Yovki. NW. of Beverley. BuRTON-CONSTABLi;, Yorklhire, be- tween Midlam and Richmond. Market on Friday. BurtonConfiahle, Yorkf. NE. of Hull. Burlon-Dorfet, Warw. 3 miles from Kyne- ton. Burton-Grange, Yorkf". near Barnl- ley. Burton-Hnfiings, Warw. near the road between Coventry and Lelceffer. Burton- Hill, Wilts, S. of Malmfbury. Burton- in-Bijhopfdale, Yorkf. N. Riding, SW. of Midlarn. Burton- Latimer, Nortliamptonf. SW. of Kettering. Burton-Leonardf Yoikl'. W. of Boroughbridge. Burton- Long, Dorfetf. N. of the Vale of White- Hart. Burton- Laz^rs, Leicefterf. S. of Melton-Mowbray. Burton- Magna, Oxf. N. of Banbury. Burton, North, Yorkf. NW. of Bridlington. Burton-O'very, Leic. near Hailaton. Burton, Par)d Bi'idgevvater- Butley- Abbey, Suff. 4 miles from Orford. BuTRAGO, a town of New Caftile. Buttlefdo7i,'i!iQxK\\\\mh. in the manor of Warkworth. Butt's- AJ]i, Hants, in New- Forefl. Biit/lury, EiTex, near Irtgateftone. Buttcland, Northumb. near Bdlingham. Eutterby, Durh. near Branipeth. Butter- Cramb, Yorkf. near New-Malton. But- ter-Hau?h, Northumb, near the fource of the Tyne. Butterlsy^ Dtrb. near Codnor- Caflle. J?ttf/fr/i?y,Dc:vonf.riearCollumpton. BuTRiNTO, a (ea-port of Albania, le- parated by a ftrait from the ifland of Corfu, at the entrance of the Adriatic. Lat. 35. 49. N. Ion. 20. 9. E. Buttermere-Water, a lake of Cumberland, near the fource of the Cocker. The lakes of Buttermere and LowfwatcE are not fo extenfive as thofe of the Derwent or Kefwick, but quite as beautiful, and the country about them as mountainous and romantic as Borrowdale. Butterfuie, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, near A/l'.rig. Bi'.lter^vik,;, Doifttf. a inile S. of Folke. Bu.terfwick, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Ncwfom. Butterton, Staff. SE. of Leek. Butterton, SW. of Stafford, But- ierivick, Line. NE. of Bolfon. Butter- ivkk, Durham, between Stockton and Dur- ham. Buttertvici:, Heits, near St. Albans. Butterzvick, E. and IV.Unc. E. of Axholm. Buttc'vant, in Cork, Munfter. Buttolph, SiifTex, near Bramber. Button's-Bay, a bay in the NW. part of Hudfon's-Bay, tju-ough which Sir T. Button and others have in vain at- tempted to difcover a NW. pafiage to China. It lies in the 6oth deg. of N. lat. BuTZAW, a town of Schwerin, Lower Saxony. Buxhall, SufF. between Bildeflcn and Wulpet. Buxloiv, SufF. near Dunwich. Buxtead, or Buckfiead, SufTtx, 10 miies from E. Grinlfead. * Buxton, in Derbyfliire, one of the BYE wonders of tlic Peak, having 9 wells that ni'e ne;ir the jbnrce of the livcr Wyf. Their waters wck; iK/itd ia tin- times of the Romans. Altlioiigh hot antl fiiiphu- reous, tliey are palatable j tlicy create an appetite ami remove obltniftions, and, if tatlud in, alToid relief in Icorbutic rheii- matifms, nervous cafes, Sec. It is niuch rc(i)ritd to in iinniner. The public rooms are in an elegant building, in the form of a crefcent, ere^tetl by the Duke of Devon- fliire. It is of the Doric order, and un- der It is a piazza and fliops. Buxton is i8 miles from Manchefttr, 32 NW. of Derby, and i'jo NNW. of London. Lat. 53. 2t. N. ion. I. 52. W. F.uxtcn, Norf. SE. of Aleftiam. BuzBACH,atownof Solmes, Up. Rhine. Bjd'uyy, Glouc. NW. of Fairford. Bychou', a town of Courland. By, rley. N". and S. Yorkf. ncarBradford. ByfielJ, Nonhamp. between Banbury and Daventry. Byjlect, Surry, near Cobham. BYT Syforii, Heref. near Bredwardine-Caftlc. Byjord, Yorkf. in Holltrnefs. Bygrwve- Hull, Hertf. a little NW. of Baldock. Bykejliore, Northumb. i mile from New- cnltle. Byieaijare, Glouc. near Haw klbury. BjlnnJ, Yorkf. near Thirflc. Bylry, Chti\u NE.of Middlewich. £j/z<»//, Wilis, 5 miles SE. of Wooton-Baffet, By»nmy,C' rnw, near Beeds-Haven. Bytiilh-IVood, Ccrnw, between Lefkard and Launcellon. Byntorit Warw. near Bitford. Bynvjejioi, Shropf. on the borders of Montgomeryl. Byram, Lane, between Newton Chapel and Leigh. Bjrcb, Magna and Par'va, Heref. S W . of Aconhury.£)row,Yorkf.nearFerry bridge. Byron's Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, is low, woody, and populous. The natives are tall, robuft, and affive, and their countenances expreffive of chterful- nefs and intrepidity. Lat. 1. 18. S. Ion. 173. 46. E. Bytoji, Heref. E. of Prefteign, in Rad- norshire. Byivorih, Suli. near Pctwonh. •CAB CAANA, a handfome town of Egypt, on the river Nile, 32.0 miles S. of Can o, whence they tranfport corn and pulfe to Mecca. Lat. 26. 30. N. Ion. 30. 23. E. CAB-".goN, a town of Leon, in Spain. C'ABtCA-DE-ViDE, a fmall town of Alentejo. Lat. 39. 10. N, Ion. 6.4.3. W. Caeenda, a fea-port of Congo. Cahons, Kent, near Denge-Marfli. ('ahragh, within 2 miles of Dublin. Cabreira, an i(le of Majorca. Cabul, Cabulistan, or Zabulis- TAN, was anciently a province of Perfia, but having been annexed to the Mogul empire, vv-as again transferred to Perfia by Na>!ir Schah. It is now, however, a fe- parate territory, and is bounded on the W. and SW. by Candahar and Sablertan, or Scgtltan i on the N. by Ulbeck Tartary ; on the E. by Ca/lMneie ; and on the S. by Lahore. The country confifts of moun- tains conftantly covered viith fnow, hills of moderate height, and eafy afcent, rich plains, and llately forefts, and thefe en- livened by numerous ftreams. It pro- tluces every article necelTary for human liie, with a variety of delicate fruits and flowers. The city of Cabul is capital of the province. It is fuuated near the fogt ct the Hindoo-Ko, or Indian Caucafus, near the fourcc of the Attock. It's fitu- ation is roniantic and plealant, having, within it's reach, the fruits and products of the lemptraie and torrid roiies. It ha» CAD fpaclous caravanferas and palaces ; and is 580 milrs NW. of Delhi, and 176 NE. of Candahar. Lat. 34.. 36. N. Ion. 69. 5S. E. See Candahar. Calmrn, Lincolnfliire, near Caiftor. Cabus, Lancalhire, in Amoundernefs. CaIjA^a, a town of Fez, S. of Melilla. Caceres, a town of Ellramadun, in Spain. Lat. 39. n. N. Ion. 5. 4.4.. W. Cachan, or Kaschan, a town of Irac Agemi, in Perfia, the inhabitants of which trade in filks, lilver and gold bro- cades, and fine earthen-ware. It is feated in a vaft plain, 55 miles N. by W. of If- pahan. Lat, 33. 20. N. Ion. 51. 55. E. Cachao, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Tonquin, in Imlia. It contains abo\)t 20,000 thatched houfes : the people are Pagans, and have a great number of pagodas. The houfe of the Englifti fa61ciy is the bcft in the place. The faflories purchafe fiiks and lackered wares, as in China. Lat. 22. 10. N. l*n. 105. 31. E. Cache.mere. See Cashmere. Cached, a town of Ncgrv.l.uid. Cnckkam, Suflex, near Sclfcy, CACONGO.a fmall kingdom of Africa, in the country of Loango. Cacorla, a town of Jaen, Andalufia* Cadbury, N. and S. Somtrietf. between Queen-Camtl and Wincantcn. Cadhurjt Yorkf. W. of Doncafter. Cadbury, De. Yonfliire, W, pf Erandninch. CmiLiingtcn, jedf. C A E Bedf. between Kneefworth and Luton. Caddon, Nortlmmb. 7 miles SW. of Hex- ham, Cudchy, near Leicefter-Forelh Caden, or CaPDENAc, a town in the dept. of Lot, on the river Lot, 37 miles ENE. of Cahors. Lat.44.32.N. Ion. 2.0. E. Caden ET, a town in the dept. of the Mouths of the Rhone, 28 miles SE. of Avignon. Lat. 4.3. 42. N. Ion. 5. 30. E. Cader Idr'ts, a mountain in Merioneth- fliire, at the foot of which are fome very deep pools. Cadillac, a town in the dept. of Gi- ronde, on the Gironne, 15 miles SE. of Bourdeaiix. Laf. 44. 40. N. Ion. 0.21. W. Cadiz, a large, rich, and very ancient city of Andalulia, I'sated on an i(l:ind, from which it has a communication with the continent by a briJge, The bay tormed by it is 12 milf-s in length, and 6 in breadth. It is tiie emporium of the Spa- nifh foreign trade. Here the galleons and regifter-fiiips are fi'ted out for Terra Fir- ma and La Plata, and the flota for !\Icxico ; Rnd here the bullion ot America is import- ed, to be diftributed to the foreign mer- chants, vflio principally fupply th:. out- ward-bound fleets with their cargoes. Ca- di? contains 50,000 inhabitants, and is 45 miles NW. of Gibraltar, and oo W. by S.of M?daga. Lat. 36. 31. NT. Ion". 6. 6. VV. Cadic:,-I-}ead, Lane, near Warringion. Cadland, Hants, in the New-Forert. Cad- ley, Divonf. W. of Columbton. Cadley, Devonf. near Ottery St. Mary's. Cadnam- Houfe, Wilts, near Chrillian-Malford. Cadney, Line. S. of Glantlford-Bridge. Cadora, the capital of Cadorino. Cadorino, a diftrift ot the Trevifan, late a province of Venice. Cadsandt, an ifland at the mouth of the Scheldt. Caen, capital of the dept. of Calvados. The inhabitants are computed at 40,000. The river Orne runs through the town, to which the tide brings up large veflels. It is 65 miles W. by S. of Rouen, and 125 N W. of Paris. Lat. 49. 1 1 . N. Ion. o. 1 7.W. Caergivrley, Flintl'. 7 milts f rom Cheiter. Caerfillv, a town c: Gl^morgan- Hiire, feated between the rivers TafT ^nd Rumney, 5 miles N. of LamlafF. Market on Thurfday. Caer-Carodock, Shropf. a hill near the conflux of the Clun and the Ttmd. CaERLEON, a town of Monmouthfiiire, on the river Uflc. Market on Thurlday. Caeruorran, Northumberland, N.of the Pi£ts'-Wjll. Caertvent, Monm. 4 miles SW. of Chepllow. Caernuis, Flintfhire, 5 miles E. of St. Afaph, and 5 W. of Flint. Cajar's-Hill, Suflex, near Findon. fuppof- cd to have been Csl'ai's camp. C A H Caffa, a town of the Crimea, with aJI excellent harbour; the Thedofia of the an- cients, a name which has been refi-ored to it by the Ruflians. It is feated on the Black Sea, 150 miles NE. of Conltantino- ple. Lat. 45. 8. N. Ion. 35. 45. E. Caffa, or Zaeacke, Strait of, tlje ancient Cimmeran Bolphorus, uniting the Black Sea and the fea of Afopii. Caffraria, an txtenfu'c country of Africa, divided into Cdfraria Proper,, and the Country of the Hottentcts. The former is S. of the tropic ot Cipricorn, and ex- tends along the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Great Fiih-Rlver, in lat. 50. 30. S. By this river it is divided from the coun- try of the Hottentots ; it's other bounda- ries are uncertain. The CafFns are tall, aifive, and rohult, and evince great cou- rage in attacking lions, imd other bealts of pr.-y. Their complexions are black j their clothing conlilts of hides of oxen, vthich src as pliant as cloth. Indultry is the leading trait in the character of the Caffi.s. The men employ much of their time in hunting, the women in cultivating the land; they alfo make earthenware., and curious baflceti. The country is fertile, and they have large herds of cattle, whichi aie i'niall, but very docile, coming at a whiftle. They liave a high opinion of the Supreme Being, and of his puwer, l>eiievc in a future ftate of rewards and pimiili- ments, and thmk that the woild had no beginning, and will be everlafling. They have no priells, yet undergo, at 9 years of aee, the initiatory Jite ot the Kebrewi. Thtjr governmerit is a limited monarchy, and their king is allowed a ph;rality of wives. The interior parts are little known, Cagkryariff, in Clare, Munfter. Cagli, a town of Urbino, in Italy. Cacliari, a large city, with a 2;ood harbour, the capital of Sardinia, Lat. 39. 27. N. Ion. 9. 14. E. Cakir, or Cr.kkr, in Tippernry, Mun- fler, 8 miles S. of Cafhell, and 85 SW. of Dublin. Ca!:ier, in Kerry, Munfler, NE. ot Valentia Kland. Cahircananxay Druu- _g««,r/, in Kerry, Munfler; certain high liilis, over which a road pali'es, hanging in a tre- mendous manner over the bay of Caltle- mayn, like that on Pemanmawr, in NurtU Wales, except that it is here more Jiony and dangerous. Cahirconlijk, in Limerick, Munrter. Caktrconlijli, in King's Counly, Leinlfer. Cahirconrigh, a conical moun- tain ot Kerry, Muniter, rifing 700 yards abov? the levtl of the lea, and formino: a peniniula between the bays of Calllem:iyii and Tr.ihre. Cakirdoncl, in Kerry, Muu- (ter. Cakirelly, IFtj}, in Limerick, Mim- ftcr. Cabirke^an, in Cork, MunlUr. Ca- CAT f-h-mce, In Cork, Munfter. Gahirmorrfs, in Galway, Connnught. Cahir Tra'it, ihc W. point of Ventry Haibour, in Kerry, MnnlKr. Cahors, a town in the dept. of Lot, fentc'd on a pcninhila made by the river Lot, and Iniilt partly on a rock. It is 50 miles NW. of Albi, and 287 nemly S. of Paris. Lat. 4+. 26. N. Ion. i. 32. PJ. Cajanebu:*.'-;, ilie capital of E. Both- nia, on the Lik-e Cajania, or Ula, 300 miles NE. of Abo. Lat. 6+. 13. N. Ion. 27. 45. E. Cajazzo, in Terra Hi Lavora, Naples. Caicos, iflands N. of St. Domingo. Caicr, a river of Cantiartlienfliire. Caii'ONG, a city of Honan, China. Caiman Islands, 3 in number, NW. of Jamaica, the inhabitants of which come here to catch tortoifes, which they carry home alive. Cairngorm, a mountain of Invernefs- flilre, famous for it's rock-cryftals. Cairn-Hill, in Mcath, Leinltcr. Cairn- louqh, in Antrim, Ulitcr. Cairo, Grand Cairo, or El Ka- HERA, the capital of Egypt, confifts of 3 towns, about a mile apart. Old Cairo, or Mefra, New Cairo, and the Port of Bulac. The inhabitants are about 300,000. Old Cairo is a fmall place, though it be the harbour for boats that come from Upper Egypt. New Cairo is about a mile from the river, and is 7 miles in circumference. It has 3 or- 4. grand gates, but the (treets are narrow, and the beft houfes are gene- rally built round a court, having their windows within to the inclofed court, and prefenting only a dead wall to the ftreet. The calilh is a canal which conveys the waters of the Nile into the city j it is about ao feet broad, and has houfes built on eacli llde of it. Here are fevtral pub- lic bagnios and caravanferas, and- about 300 inofques, the lofty minarets of which prefent a very pifturefque appearance. In the 1 5th century, this was one of the rich- ell and molt tlouriftnng cities in the world ; it has fmce declined, but the Europeans have ftlll their confuls and faftors here. It is feated near the E. bank of the Nile, 100 miles S. of it's mouth. Lat. 30. 3. N. Ion. 31. 23. E. CAiROAN,atown 60 miles S. of Tunis. Caithness, the moft northerly county of Scotland, bounded on the W. by Su- .therlandfliire ; on the N. by the Pentland Frith, which divides it from the Orkney Iflands; and on the SE. by the German Ocean. It's grcateft extent is 3 5 miles from N. to S. and 20 from E. to W. The SW. part is mountainous, and the abode of wj^d roes and oih«r aniimals } the rocky C A L fummlts (helter eagles, and other bird* of prey, and the lakes are rtforted to by iwans, and various water-fowl. On the SW. this county ends in the promontory called the Oid of Caithncfs. Along the fide of this Keep hill, impending above the fea, a winding roail has been cut, which is the only entrance into this county from the S. The climate is good, and the Ibil round the coalt very improvable: here the Englifh is fpoken ; but in the High- lands the Eiie prevails. Caket, a town and country of Perfla. Calabria, a country of Naples, divid- ed into Ultra and Citra, or Farther Cala- bria, of which Regp;io is the capital; and Hither Calabria, of which Colenza is the capital. It is rich in vegetable and m.Ine- ral produitions, but liable to earthquakes. One of the molt terrible upon record hap- pened here and in Sicily in 1783. Befidet the deftruction of many towns, villages» and farms, above 40,000 perlbns perifhed by this calamity. Mountains were level- led, and valleys formed in an initant ; new rivers began to flow, and old (freams were funk into the earth, and delfroyed j plantations were removed from their fitua- tions, and hills carried to places fardiftant. At Scilla, a wave, which had fwept the country for 3 miles, carried off, on it's return, 2473 of the inhabitants. CaLahorra, a city of Old Caftlle. Calais, a town in the dept. of the Pas de Calais. It is feated among marfhes, is a fea-port, and has an inland navigation. The ftreets are uniform and well paved. In time of peace, packet-boats fail twice a week between Dover and Calais. It is 21 miles ESE. of Dover, and 152 N. of Paris. Lat. 50. 58, N. Ion. i. 56. E. Calamata, a town in the Morea. Calamianes, a clufter of iflands, be- tween Borneo and the Manillas, In the In- dian Ocean, N. of Parago. They are 17 in number, and are noted for the fwaliows nelfs that are gathered here for foCKl : thefe are compofed of a vifcous matter, found by the birds floating on the fea, which, when dilfolved in broth, is ac- counted a great delicacy. Lat. 11. o. N, Ion. 118. 5. E. Calary, in Wicklow, Lelnfler. Calatajud, a town of Arragon. Calatrava, a town of New Callile. Calee, in the Old March, Branden- burg. Calbendra, Cornwall, near Tregony. Calcar, in Cleves, Weffphalia. CalceJen, Calenden, or Cal-vedon, near Coventry. Calcinato, In the BrefTan, Venice. CALCUTTA, or Fort-William, the c"- ■rium C A L emporuim of Bengal, and feat of the o^o- Veinor- general of India, is icatal on tiie W. fide of Hoogly River, at about loo nnks from it's njoutli, which is navigable up to the town for large fhips. It is an exteiitive chf, being luppoied to contain 500.000 inhabitants. The houfes varioully buih, Ibme of brick, others with mud, and a greater number with bamboos and mats, make a motley appearance: and the mix- ture of European and Aiiailc manners ob- ferVed in Calcutta, is wondrrhil ; coaches, phaetons, hackeries, two-wheeled carri- ages, drawn by bullocks, palanktens, car rieu by the natives, tlie pafTnig ceremonies of the Hindoos, and the ditTnent upper ances of the faquirs, form a diverfifitd and curious fcene. Here the govcrnur-general and council of Bengal refi ie, who have a control over the prefidencies of Madras, Bengal, and Beiicoolcn. The houfes have many of them the appearance of palaces, or temples, and their inhabitants are very holpitable. The lituation ot this city is not happily chofen ; for it has extenlive muddy lakes, and a valt foreft clofe by it, from which, in fo hot a climate, unwhole- fome vapours muif arii'e. Here are four judges, who difpenfe jultlce according to the laws of England. Calcutta is 1030 miles NE. by N. of Madras. Lat. 22. 23. N. Ion. 88. 28. E. Cr.ldheck, Cumb. E. of Wigton. Cal- decot, Rutl. near Lydingron. CaUecot, Monm. CaUecot, Bucks, in the parifli of Newport. CaUecot, York I', near Leeds. CaUecot, 7 miles from Cambridge. Cal- decot, Chedi. NVV, of Malpas, ^CaUecot, Herts, near Afhwell and Hiiixworth. Cal- decot, Warw. near Granborough. CaUe- cot, Northiimb. in the manor of Eland. CaUecot, Warw. near Weddington. Cal- decot, or Calcot, Gloucef. near Coin St. Dennis. Calder, Cumb. near Copeland- Forcff. Calder, 3 ri-vers in Lane. CaUcy- If.aitd, Pemhrokef. 2 miles S VV. of Tenby. CaUey, Magna and Par'va, Cheffi. on the Dee, near Hyde Lake. CaUico', Glouc. in the parifli of Guiting- Power. CaUmertort, Northiimb. in the baronv of Vefey. Cald- niore, Staff. N. of Wali'd. CrtW-xw//, near Bedford. Cald-judl, Derb. in the parifh of StapenhiU. CaUzvfll, Yorkf. N. Rid ing near Forcet. CaUzveil, Worceilcrf. rear Kidderniinfter. C.A.LF.DONIA, New, a large ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, extending from lat. 19, o. to 23. o. S. and from Ion. 164., o. to 168. o. E. The inhabitants are llrong and aftive ; their clothing is a wrapper made of the bark of a tree, or of leaves. The men are of a pacific difpofition, and the women generally chafte. They fiilifiil CAL chiefly on roots, and cultivate the foil wMi Ibme art and induftry. Fiom the hills, thfe lummirs of which are, many of them, clothed with wood, fpiing nunibers of ri- vulets, which fertilize the plains. Pl:m- tains and liigar-canes are- not plentiful; breadfruit is very Icarce, and the cocoa- nut trees are but thinly planted ; but their yani<; and taras are in grt-at abundance, Cale-Hill K'-nr, nca; Charing. C.\LENEERG., a to.vn and duchy of Brun'.wick, in Lower Sjxony, fubjecl to K.u;over. Ci^hoiirn, Ifle of Wight, in W. UlnWm. Cali, a town and vailey 01 Popayan. CaliCOULAM, or QuiLON, a butch tort and fa.5f 17 oti the c. it o' M-ilabar, So m.les NW. of Cape Comcrin. Lat. 8. 2. N. Ion. 76. 30. E. Calicut, a town of Hindooftan, the capital of a country, fonrieny the moll flou.i/liing on the Malabar coall. It is 310 miles SW. of Muiras. Tie Englifli have a faftory here. Lat. 11. 18. N. Ion. 5. 40. E. The country of Calicut, or MiUeami, is about 60 miles in length', and from 40 to 50 in bieadfh. It abounds with woods and nra; fhts, produces pepper, ginger, aloes, rice, &c. and tlie trees are always green. Were is a tree wiiich pro- duces a kind 6f dates, from wi>ich they obtain fugar and oil. In 179: part of this territory was ceded to tiie Engliih by Tippoo Suhan. Cididdon, Nurthvrmberland, in the m.anor of Eland. California, a large and fertile penin- fula, of N. America, on the Pacific Ocean, claimed by the Spaniaids. Colhe Abbey. wt^xYixhy. Ccdlaghan's Mills, in Clare. Miinfter. Callap^hene, in Fermanagli, Ullfer. Callaly Hall. Northunibeiland, 4 miles W. of Alnwick. .Callan', a to'.vn of Kilkenny, Lein- fler, 65 iv.iles from Dublin. Callan, in Keny, Munrter. Callan- Mountain, in Clare, Munlter. Callao. the |iori of Lima, in Peru. Cal LA SusuNG, a town of Bout<;n, in the Indian Ocean, on the top of a hill, en- compalfd with cocoa. nut trees. Callidon, in Tyroi>e, Ullltr. CallcrM- Hill, in Fermanagh, Uiitu-. CALL0O,afortofW.u-s,on the Scheldt. Callo-M Hill. Stafford!], ire, near Blith. Callo^uLand, Herts, near Watfoid. Calmar, a feaport of S.naland, in Swetlen, 150 mile.s SW. of Srockholm. CalMucs. See K.al.mucs. *Calne, a town of Wilrs, on a river of the fame name, 12 miles W. of Mirl- borough, 25 E. of Brifto!, and 88 W. of ^ i Lundon. CAM tondoo. Lat. 51. 30, N. Ion. 1. 59. "VV. Market on Tiiefday. Calloivs, Wilts, near Chippenham. Caiofw, Dcil). SW. of Wirkiworth. Ca- lonv, near Hereford . Caljliot Crjlle, Hayts, at theentranceot Southampton- Bay. Cal- Jiock, Cornw. between F.xeler and Tniro. Caljhn, Wilts, near Vaiket-Lavington. Calthorp, Norf. near Erpinj^ham. Caltofi, Yorkf, W. Ridliv^, E, of Settle. Caltragh, in Galw.iy, Coiinauglit. Calvados, a depaitment of France, fo callvd I'fom a rock, of the lame name. Caen is the cliief town. Calmer, Derby fliire, in the High-Peak. Cal'verley, Ycrkfhire, ntar Bradford. Cal'verley, Chcfliire, near Minflmil. Cal'verjh'u:7i, \v. Kildare, Lcli.fter. Cal'uertkorp, Lincolnf. W. of Sleaiord. Cal-verton, Bucks, i mile from Stony- Strattoni. Cal'verton, Nottiiighamihire, S. of >hi-rwood-Foreft, Cc.l'ves IjlnndSf in Cork, Munftcr, 3 ifles between Cape Clear and the Main. CalvetHoufe, Yorkf, N. Riding, near Mucker, in S--. The winter htre for 6 months is very fe vcre : the cleared lands are very fertile, and the vegetables various, and coin ripens in two months time, vegetation being always wonderfully accelerated where the feaion is fliort. Furs and ikins are obtained here in great quantities ; the rivers, lakes, and bays are numerous, large, and deep, and well fupplied with fifli. Here are kveral ancient and extenlive forcils, and the tribes of Indians are numerous. Canal, the Duke of Bridgewa- TER's, a Itupendous work, begun in 1758, at Worfclcy-Mill, 7 miles from Maiichcf- ter, where, at the foot of a mountain, com- pofcd in a great meafui'e of coal, a balin is cut, capable of containing all the boats and a great body of water, which I'eivc'i as a refcrvoir to the navigation. The canal runs through a hill, by a Ibbterranean paf- fage, nearly three quarters ot a mile to the duke's coal- works. In fomc places it is cut through the folid rock ; in others arched over with brick. Air-tunnels, foine of which are 37 yards perpendicular, are cut at certain diltances through the rock to the top of the hill. At Barton- Bridge, 3 miles from the balin, is an aque- duff, wtiich, tor upv ards of aoo yards, conveys the canal acrols a valley, and alfo more than 40 feet above the navigable ri- ver Irwcll. Their are 3 arches over this river, the centre one is 65 feet wide, and 38 high, admitting the largeft barges to p.u's underneath with their mafts ami fails Handing. At LongJoid-Bridge, the c;tn:)l turns to the right, and crolTing the ri. er Merfcy, pafles near Altringham, Dunham, Grapenhall, and Kaulton, into the tide- way of the Merley, at Kuncorn-Gap, wlicnce the barges can pal's to Liverpool at low water. This navigation is 29 miles in length; it falls 95 feet, and v\as finilhed in 5 years, under the direilion of that excellent engineer, Mr. JSrindKy. Coals, which, before this canal was finiih- ed, were retailed in Mauchelter, at ;:!. per hundred weight, is now iohl (fcvcn Icor- to the hundred weight) at 3^1!. Canal, the Grand Trunk, or Staffordshire Canal, uss begim in 1 766, under the direction of Mr. Brindley, ill order to torm a commwnicHtion between 1 z titc CAN the Mcrfey and the Titiit, anfl of coiirfe het vecii the Irifli Ch;iii»d and the Gci man Occai'. Ir is 92 miles in length, fiom the Duke of Bri of France, io miles E. of St. Maloes. Can'Dahar, a kingdom of Alia, be- tween Perfia and the river Indus. The dominions of the fultan of this country extend welUvard to the neighbourhood of the city of TeiHiifli, including, befidts Candahar Proper, Cabul, Ghozni, paii of Ssgeltan, and part of Korafan ; a tract 650 miles in length, it's breadth unknown ; on the E. fide of the Indus he poficiTes the" territory of Caflimere, and fome fmall dif- /triils above the city of Attock. Thefe countries are all called by the general name of the country of the Abdallis, It's capital is Caiidaliar, a rich trading town, ■j45 miles SW. of Cabul. It is confider- ed.as the gate of India to Perfia, Lat. 33. o. N. Ion. 65. 30. E. Candp.l Bijhop's. Ca>idal Mar/h, Candal- Furfe, Candal-SUtfioii, and Candal-Wale, Darl'etl". Cand^rlon^ Wore, near Strenfham. Candia, an illuid in the Mediterra- nean, fornierly Crete, S. of the Archipela- go, about 150 miles in length, and fiom 15 to 4.5 in breadth. It produces corn, wine, oil, wool, filk, and excellent honey, aaJ is chiwfly iulubiied by Greeks, Mcunt CAN Ida, In the middle of the illand. Is a huge, barren, fharp-pointed emiperre. If's ca. j>ital, Candia, though populous formerly, is now deierted, there being little bui rub- bilh, except at the bazar, or market-place, and the harbour being only fit for boats. It is 500 miles from Conftantinople. Lat. 35- !o. N. Ion. 25, 23. E. Casdeish, a rich and populous pro- vince in Hindooftan, fulijcft to the Poonah Mahraitas. It is bounded on the N. by Malwa ; on the W. by Guzerat ; on the E. by Berar j and en the S. by Dowlata- bad. Candle Bijbofs. See Cnndal-Bifl;op's. Caudlejby, Line. NE. of Spilfby, CuiidU^ f'io^v, Lmcolnfhire, near Candlefby. Candy, a kingdom of Ceylon, being about a quarter of the ifland. It is moun- tainous, and abounds wi;h rivulets, vvliicli the inhabitants are viextercus in turning to water their land, wliich is fruitful in rice, pulfe, and hemp. The king is abfolute, and ills fubjefts are idolatrous. It's ca- pital is of the fame name. Lat. 7, 45. N. Ion. So. 52. N. Cane A, a tovm on the NW. coafl of C".nJia, with a good harbour.' Lat. 35. 20. N. Ion. 24. 15. £. Cane', Grotto-del, a grotto of Na- ples, 7 miles from P;izzoli, where many dogs have been cruelly tortured and fuifo- cated, to fliew travellers the effect of a va- pour, or mephitic air, which riles a foot above the bottom of this little cave. CaneJJiy, Lincolni". near W, Haulton. Caneto, a town of Mantua. Cp.!:e-jjdon,'E&.x, near Walfleet. Cane^ If'ocd, Middl. near Himpliead. Canf.eld, Magna and Pawn, Eilex, near Dunmow. Ca>ij'o7-d La-jJiids and Parva,'DoY(t\.['. near the Srour, ealtvvard of Vv''lnborn-Minller, Cangerecora, a large river of tai» peninlula of Hindooftan, defccnding from the Gr.ut Mountains, and flawing SW. to the co^rt of Malabar. Canham, Suffolk, near Edmunfbuiy. Canina, a diftrift and it's capital, in the N. part of Albania. CrtNiADERAGO, Lak£, in tlie ftate of New- York, ".V. of Lake Otfego, is about 9 miles long, but narrow. Cank, or Cannock, Staff, near Penkridge, Cardey, Warw. a hainitt of Stoneley, Cannay, one of the Wcrtcrn Ifles of Scotland, SW. of the Ifle of Skye. In this iiland are vait ranges of bal'aliic columns, riling one above another, from the lea, and forming a caufev.'ay of furpriling extent, the fur! ace of which is liuooth and regu- lar like a paved "ftreet. Cannj"?-:, a town of Anulia, Canndi or Cat/iel, Suff. E, yf Needwood- I 3 Fovclf. CAN CAP Foreft. Canning'.on. Sonicrf. 2 miles from 50 miles long from N. to S. and from 5 Bridgtwatci . {?y liurotindcd by high moim- tains, in which are rivulets whence the na- tives get good fait. It's capital is Cara- manta. Lat. 5. i8, N. ion. 75. 15. W. Caran, a rivcr in Gloucelterfliire. C«- rantock, C*;rnvvan, near Padftow. Carara, in Terra di Lavora, Italy. Carasu, a river of Natolia. Carasu Mes'tro, or NESTUS,a river ot Romania, which riles in MonrRodolpho. Carasui, a lake of Bulgaria, formed hy a branch of. the Danube, nesr it's mouth, which contains ftveral iflands, Caravacca, St. Cruz de, a town of Murcia. Carberton, Nott. in the paridi of Eden- ftow, CarbrUge, Oxfordfliire, SW. of Witney, Carbroke, Norf. near Watton. Carbury, in Cork, Munller. Carcaltoti, or Colflon, Nottinghamfhire, on the N. iide of Bingham. Carcassone, a town of France, in the dcpt. of Aude, divided into the Upper and Lower Towns, by the Aude, over which there is a handi'ome ftone bridge. The Upper Town, or the city, is very ancient ; the Lower is modern, in the form of a long fqnare, regularly built, and provided with an aqued'ift which brings the water of the river to different fountains. Here are ma- nutadlures of various forts of cloth. It is 15 miles VV. of Narbonne, and 4.00 S, of Paris. Lat. 43. 14. N. Ion. 2. 35. li. Carcle-w, Cornwall, 2 miles fron> Pent- ryn. Car Jen, Chefliire, NW. of Malpas. Cnrlen-H.Al, Cumberland, S. of Carlide. * Cardiff, a compa6l and weli-built town of Glamorganfliire,feated on the river Tave, ovtr which there is a bridge. The haven is a very commodious one. This town has a confiderable trade with Briltol and other places ; anrl near it are iron- works, A canal, 25 miles in length, has been lately completed, Irom Cardiff 10 the iron-v.'or.ks ;U Merthyr-Tidvil. Cardiff is CAR 12 miles E. of Cowbridge, and 164 W. of London. Lat. 51. 30. N. Ion. 3. 12, W. Markets on Wtdnefday and Saturday. *Ca RDICAN, the county town of Cardi- g:in(hiie, is populous, and pleafantly fit*i- •_ ated on the river Tivy, over which there is a handfome bridge. It is 33 miles NE. by E. of St. Davids, and 225, WNW. of London. L^t. 52. 10. N. ion. 4. 3S. W. Market on Saturday. Cardioanshire, a county of South Wales, is b6unded on the W. by Cardi- gan-Bay, in the I rifli -Channel; on the N. and NE. by Merionethfhire and Montgo- mery/hire ; on the E. and SE. by Radnor- /hire and Br.tknockfliirc ; and on the S. by Carmarthen/liire. It extends 42 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and is divided into 5 hundreds, which contain 6 market towns, and 64 parirtiss. The air is milder here than in mcft psrts of Wales, To the S, and W, are pl.uns fruitful in corn 5 but the N, and E. parts are a continued ridge oi bleak mountains, yet there arc pafturcs well flocked with fheep and cattle. Here is alfo plenty of tr.me and wild fowl, and it is well lupplied with filh from the (ea, and from it's own lakes and rivers, near which tiiere is a great number of ottei's. The mountains abound with lead and filver ore, mines of which have feveral times been worked to advant3s,e. The principal ri- vers are the Tivy, Ryda], and the Iftwith. Cardigan-Bay lies on the coait. Cardiitgham, Cornwall, NE. of Bodmin, Cardington, SE. of Bedford. CardingtOTtf Shropftiire, between Bifhop's-Caftie and Wenlock. Cardijjbn. Norfolk, near Repe- ham. Cardock- Hill, Shropfture, near Card- ington. Cardona, a town of Catalonia, f?ated on an en^.inence near ttie river Cardonero, 30 miles NW. of Barcelona. A moun- tain in the neighbouihood yields immenfe quantities of fait. Here are very lofty pine trees, and the vineyards produce excellent wine. L.u. 41. 46. N. Ion. I. 40. E. Cardunack, Cumberland, in the pari/h of Boulnefs. Careby, Lincolnfli, S miles N. of Stamford. Ciirekov.fe, Northunib. between Hexham and Bellingham. Carulia, the SE. part of Finland. Carentan, a town in tiie dept. of the Channel, 8. miles from the lea, and 36 N, W, of Caen. Lat, 49. 16. N. Ion. 1.4,. W, CarfJhrooke-CajUe, Ille of Wight, S. of Newport. Carefivell, Staff. W. ot Chea- dle. Cdrefiey, Warw. N. of Coventry, Cary Lites, S 'inerlijtfliiie, E. of Somcrton. Carey's- Fort, 7 miles SW. of Wickio.v, Cargillcti, Corn wal I , between Du !o and Morual. Cargerotr, Cornw. 2 miles NE. of S;Utafh. Cartampion, Sy.nicrf.nearDu.-.ltei, i 4. C.VRX.ij CAR Caria, a country in Afia Minor, be- tween LyciH and Ionia, now, Aiilinelli and G- iiiiiin. Caria u, Nuova and ViiCCiiiA, a towns oi Ciil.iliiia Ciir.i. CARriJBkt liLANDs. See Indies W. C'irigaiiiie, in L.itrim, Connaiiglit. Ciur: . li,:e, in Cork, Munfter. C .RIGNAN, a town in the dtpartmei;t ot ilie rtnlriincs. CariCi'>' ANO. a town and piincii^aiity of Sivigii;ino, ill PiediiiVyUt, i'euied on the Po, K mileo S. ot Tur.n. Oirigtozvbill. in Ciirk, Mnnfier. Carimon Java, three or four iiLinds N. Oi Jiva, wiiere Etiropcan fhips .ouch forn hcfhmfnts in their voyag-e to Bornt-o. 'L.ir. 5. 51). S. Ion. 109. 15, E. Cariiukam, Chefhne, 3 miits NW. of C'ipgl'-t.n. CariKgio/i, Chefliirc, in tiie jri! :fli of Bnwdcil. C > R I M o L A , in Terra di Lavora, Naples. Caiunthia, Upper and Lower, a duchy in t!\e circle or" Auftiia, mountain- ous .)!id wooi'y, yet ubouiiding in corn. Carxsto, or Castel Kosso, in Nc- gropont. 'CarlLHiJfo-Tjn, in Meath, Leinller, neatly 33 niiies hon) Dublin. C(-rl:niiy, Durh. near Darlington. Cnrl- h, Liiic. N.oi Stamford. Ccirleion, Eajl CurUlon, or CarU'ton Rode, Norf. NE. of EuckenhaiB. Carleton, Tjr Carletojt in Lin- dirick, Nottinuh. 4. iniles SW. otBiilh. Carlingfori), a iea-port town in Louth, Lf infttr. The harbour is between 3 apd 4 uiiJes long, and as many broad, and the larCT-srIl vclTels may anchor here. Very fine oyltt-rs are taken here. It is 51 miles trom Dubbn. Ear. 54. ii.N. Ion. 6. zz.W. Carli/igth-vjate-Hall, Derby f. NE. of Alfreton. *Car.liL5E, an ancient cliy, tlie capi- tal of Cuin'oerland. It is plea^fantly fitu- ated on a rifing ground, in a fertile coun- try, near the confluence of 3 fine rivers, abounding witti fifh, by which it i^ nearly lurrounded. It has long been noted for making whips an.l fiHi-hooks j and confi- dcnible quantities of printed linens, checks, and cottons are niaiuifacSlured here. It is 60 miles S. of Edinburgh, and 301 NNW. of L'.ndoii. Lat. 54. 56. N. Ion. 2. 53. W. M .rkeis on Wedneiday and Saturday. Carlisle, the county town of Cum- beii.nd in Tennfylvania. Itcontainsabout 1 300 inhabitHitts, ;tnd 300 lione houfcs, b. fides 3 citijiches, a college, and a court- ln>ure. Tliirty lix years ago this place was inhabited by Indians and wild hearts. It is 100 miles \S^ by N. of Philidelphia, Lat. 4c. 10. N. Icn. 77. 30. \V. Curloguj-Foi/ttf Cornw. Land's Etid, CAR Car low, a county of Ireland, in Lf m- fter, 28 miles in length, and i55 at it's grcatcit breadth. It is bounded on the W. by Owen's County; on the N. ar.d NE. by Kiit.are and Wicklow ; on rlie E. by Wickl'-.w and Wtxiord ; and nn the S. SE, and SW. by Wexfoid and Kdkenny. It contains 42 parities. It's chief town iS Carlow, a neat town^ feated on the B:urt»w, by which it communicates with Witerfot-d jivtr and 'lie Grand Canal. It is 16 miles NE. of Kilkenny. Lat. 51* 4S. N. Ion. 7. 14. W. Cari-Owit'/, u town of Sciavonia. Carlscrona, or Carlscroon, a town ut Bickir.ge, in S. Gothland, with a harbour large and co.nmodious, but of dilHcult entrance, on ace nnt of the rtioaU and rocky lands at it's mou'li. Tlie town moHiy (lands iipcn a iinall rocky illand, which riles gently in a liay ot the B >b.ic ; the fubut bs extend over another fmsH rock', and jilong rljc mole, clnfe to the bafon, where the f^iet is mooted. The way inta tile town from the main land, is carried over a dyke to an ifland, and thence along 2 long woidcn bridges, joined by a rock. The town is Ip^icious, and contains about iS,ooo iiih;'.bu3nts; Ibmeot the buildings are brick, but genet ally they are of wood. Here is a dock hollowed out of the foliJ rock, capable of receiving the largelt vel- fels, and a covered one, whole bottom and fidts are ot hewn granite ; rows ot granite pillars lupport tlie root, and bear rather tlie appearonce of a colonnade to a temple,, than of a receptacle foi fhips. In 1680 the town was founded, in 17^4 the former dock, and in 1779 the latter was complet- ed. According to the original pl.in, 3 balbns and ;o duckSj coinmunicating by fiuices, were intended, b\it a century w'lii probably claple before they can be com- pleted. Cat'bcrona is 220 miles nearly S. of Stockholm. Lat. 56. 20. N. Ion. 15. 25. E. Carlstadt, the capital of Croatia. Carlstadt, a town of Vcrmeland, in Sweden, on the illand of Tingwalla, which is formed by two branches of the Clara Elh. The houfes are built of wood, and painted. The town contains 1500 inha- bitants, who carry on a trade in iron and wood acrofs the lake Wenner. It is 133 miles W. of Stockholm. Lat. 58. 16. N. Ion. 13. 43. E. Carlstadt, inWurtft)urg,Franconia. Carlicn, Bait. N'E. ot Oaln.y. Carl- ton, York^li. W. Riding, near Drax and Snaith. Carlt07i, Camb. 6 miles N- ot* Hoiflicaih. Carlton, Qwwh. near Carlifle. Carbon, Cuml^rl. NW. of R;ivengh!s. Carltar,, Cornw. nt;ar Penzance. Cnrhon^ Cunib. CAR Climb. NE. of Penrith. Carlton, Durb. NW. of Stockton. Carlio,"., Lancafh. in Amuunderncrs. Carltoii, Leicef. N. of .B'ji'vvuith. Carliou, 3 miles SE. of Nor- wich. Carlton, ticA{\rAvn\^. W. of Rock- ingham-forelf. Carlton, SufF. 5 miles E. otBeccles, called Carlton-Coiviie. Curl- tdit, Surt". near Biinklty, Carlion, Yovki', ii) Holiiernefs. Carlton, Yorkf. N. Riding, iK-nr lieimdey. Carlton, Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, E. of Bifhopfdi.le. Carlton, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Wharlton-CalUe. Carl- ton, Yi^rkf. near Thirfk. Carlton, Yoikf. W. Riding,- near Rotliwell. Carlton, Yorkf. W/ Riding, S. ofSkipton. Ca)-l. ton Ccijile- Line. E. ^A Louth. Carlton, E. .nnd IV. Yoiki'. W. Riding, in Craven. Carlton in Morelund, Line, boidcring on NuttiiigUaniftiire. Carlton, Magna and Parva^ Line. E. ot Lmitli. Carlton, N. .nnd S. Line. NW, of the city of Lincoln. Carlton, N. and S. Northumb. 6 or 7 miles from Alnwick. Carlton, St. Marys and St. Peter's, Norf. NE. of Windham. Carl- ton Scroop. Line. 5 njiles from Grantham. Carliou Curlexu, Lclcei'. W. of Hallaton. Carl on Parva, ox S. Carlton, Nottingh. a liaiiilctof Muicomb. Carlton-upon-1 rent, Notrmgh. between Newark and Tuxford. Carmagmola, in Saluzzo, Piedmont. CARMARTHliNSHIRE, a county of S. Wales, 35 miles in length, and 26 at it's greatelt breadth, is bounded on the W. by Pcmbrokefliire ; on the N. and NE. by Cardiganlliire and BrecknockHiire ; on the E. and SE. by Brecknccklhire and Gla- rnorganfhire , and on the S. by Bri(iol Channel. It contains 6 market towns and S7 pariJhes. It is fruitful in coin, grafs, wood, coal, and iea-fith, efpecially falmon. The air is mild, it not being extremely jnountainoiis. It's chief town is *C ARM A RTH EN, a well-built, populous town, ufually reckoned the fiilt in South Wales. It is feated on the river Gwilly, near the Towy, ovCr which is a narrow ftone bridge, to which vefi'els may come up. It is 24. miles SE. of Cardigan, and 207 W. by N. of London. Lat. 51. 52. N. Ion. 4, 23. W. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Carmel, a mountain in Paleftlne. Carmino, Cornwall, S. of Hellion. Carmona, a town of Friuli, in Italy, Carmona, a town of Andalufia. Carmony, in Antrim, UlUer. Carnaby, Yorkl". near Bridlington-Bay. Ca r n a r V o n a h 1 r k , a count y of North W.ilcs, about 40 miles in length, and 20 in brtadth, is bounded on the W. and N. by the fe^J, and the Ifle of Anglefea, on the E. and SE. by Denbighlhiic, and Mcrio- Dcth/lure, and on the S. by Mcrigwethfliire CAR and the fea. It contains 68 paiifiies and 5 market towns. The air is cold ; this country, being the molt mountainous dil*- trift of N. Wales. It's central part it entirely occupied by the lofty Snowden,an4 the feveral craggy iummits, deep dells, moors, chafms, and lakes, which conflitute it's dreary region. Cattle, goats, and. Iheep, are it's rural riches. Foxes are the chiet wild animals. Several copper mines have been worked in various paits, and there are fome of thefc at prclcnt about Ll.uiberriii. Other places afrord lead ; and flates, with quantities of-ftone, excellent for hones, are dug near Siiowden. *Carnarvon, is a well i)uilt and po- pulous town, on the fea fliore, I'lurounded on all fides, except theE. by the fea and 2 rivers. It carries on a conliderable trade with Ireland, and the principal Engli/h ports. It is 7 miles SW. of Bangor, and 251 NW.ofLondon. Lat. 53. S.'n. Ion, 4. 20. W. Market on Saturda)?-. Carnatic, the, a rich, populous, and fertile country of Hindooltan, extending from the Guntoor Circar, along the whole coaft of Coromandcl to Cape Comorin ; including it's appendages, which are Tan- jore, Maravar, Tritchinopoly, Madura, and Tineveily. It is 570 niiies in lengtli from N. to S. and from 120 to 75 miles wide. The revenue of the f >vereign, or nabob of Arcot, is about 1,500.000!. per ann. out of which the E. India Company leceive a fubfsdy of 160, cool, toward the expence of their military eltabliflnncnt. The Britifli poireffions in the Carnatic are con- fined chiefly to the tra6l called the Jaghirt, which extends io3 miles along the coaff, and 47 inland In the wideft part ; it's reve- nue is 1 50,000!. There is, belldes, a land revenucof 725,000!. dependent on Madras, Carndouagh, in Donegal, Ulller. Car- neiv, in Wicklow, Leinfter, 44 miles from Dublin. Carniola, a province of Germany, adjoining Hungary, and I'ubjeft to Auf- tria. It is rocky and mountainous, but produces corn, wine, and oil. Laubacb is the capital. Carn'b, a river in Montgomcryfliir?. Carnon, Cornwall, NW. of Columl). Car. jionbigb, Cornwall, between St. Ivts-Bay and the Land's End. Cariiteel, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Carolina, is divided into N. and S. comprehending two of the United States of N. America It is bounded on tlie W. by Louifiana; on the N. by Virginia ; on the E. by the ocean, and on the S. bv Georgia. It lies between 521 and 361, degrees N. lat, and produces rice, indi^ro, tobacco, &c. The birds, bealls, and fifli, aie C A R *rc very niunerous. I'licir native fruits are poaches, Init the ht(i fruits, tranl- p!;«ntv;il from Europe, thiivc wtil htre. CaRPAIHIAN, orKRAPACK MOUN- TAINS, divide Hungary ami Tranlylvania from Poliind. CARPtSTRAE, the chief town of Ve- iiaillin, in France, feittd on tlie river An- ion, at tlie io'..t (1 a nunintsin, 14. niiks NE. of" Avignon. Lit. 4.4.. 8. N. lun. 5. 6. K. C'r/rr'y^ Yoikfhire, N. Riding, ntar Aiicri.^r. Carpi, a town and diftriit of Modtna. Carpi, a town in the Veionelc. Carpmaufti, Lincolnl". on the WinfVcr. {Jarra, a river in Kuay, Munfter. Carram, Ncrthumbtrl. on tiie Twtcd. CaiTi!7its, Dorfetfliire, nt-ar Winttrhcia St. Martins. Carra-jj, Northumlu-rlaiui, between Sc,iv.nn)ale and V/eltor.. CayyC, a river in Soir.crretfliire. Carrigart, in Donegal, UUler, Carrick, the S. divilion of Ayrfliire, Carrick, on Shannon, n town of Lcirrim, in Ccnnauglu, 77 miles NW. of Dublin. Carrick, cm Suir, a town of Tippe- rary, in Munilci". The maniifsfture of liroad ciotii ant! ratteens is can ied on here. It is J4. miitfs J\'W. of Waterfoid,and 74. from Dublin. Lat. 52. i:. N. Ion. 7. zi. W. Carricla/ticken, a river and moun'ai)i of Lotuh, in Lfinfter. Carrickieg, in Wa- terford. Munlter, on the river buir, oppo- site to Carrick on Suir. Carrick EJmond, jn Louth, Leinlter. Carrickfergus, a town of Antrim, 3n Ulfter. It is leated on a fate ami fpa- cious bay of the fame name, and has sui excellent harbour. It is 88 miles N. rf Dublin. Lat. 54.4-3. N, bn. 6. 2. W. CMrlcljnacrofi, in Monaghan, Ulfter, fi-". iniks fiom Dublin. CarrichmincSt in Dublin, Leinfter. Carriga?is, in Donegal, Ulller. Crirrigner.eelogh , in Coi k, Mun- ftir, 147 milts from Dublin. Cm'rirtgooii, near Mallow, in Cork, Munfttr. Carrog, or Kenog, a river in Carnarvon- fliire. Carrock, a mountain in Cumber- land, 755 yards above the level of the fea. (uvrock-PalJ'cige, Cornwall, near Fowey- Jlaven. CaRRON, a river of Stirlingfliire, riihig on tlie S, f.de of the CamnCcy-hii'ls, and flowing into the Fri;h of F'rih, helow Falkirk, Two miles from it's fource it forms a fine cafcade, called the Fall of Auchiniilly, and on it's banks, one mile from Falkirk, are the celebrated Carron- 7.'urks, founded jn jj^j, on i fpot where CAR there wss not a fingle houfe; this is now the largelt iron foundery in l^urope, con- ftant y employing above looo men. All forts of iron goods are mafie in it, from the moft trifling article f„r domtUic ufe, to cannon of tlic largell caliber. Cnrfcy\ Suff. near Hadlcy. Car/Iialton, Surry, SVV. of Croydon, near Banlicad- Dov.'ns, a beautiful village, fituaied among lf)rings and vvaier-br(X)ks. Carjington, De(I)yl'. NW, of WirkTworth. Carfon, 3 miles W. of ShrcA-fbury. Carfop, 6 miles NW. of Hereford. Carf'ViU, North- umberland, on the ocean, 6 miles NE. of Morpeth. Curt, Black and IVhite, two rivers of Reuirewfliire, which uniting the"r Itreams, tail into the Clyde near Renfrew. Cartama, tv/o tov.iis of Granada. Carteret Island, in the Pacific Ocean, is about 6 le;ic.'ucs I mp-, fnjm E. to \V. Lat. 7. 56. S. Tjn. 158^ ^6. E. Carter-Fells, Nort'.mmbcrl. near Black- burn. Carthageka, a town of Murcia, feated on a bay of the fame name, in which vaft quantities of mackarel are caught. It has the bcft harbour in Spain, and is 27 miles nearly S. ot Murcia. Lat. 37. 3?. N. Ion. o.'36. W. CarthagenA) a large and rich city, capital of the province of Cartbagtna, in Terra Firma, and one of the belt harbours in S. America ; the entrance, however, is fo narrow, that only one vcfl'el can enter at a time. The revenues of the king of Spain from Nev/ Granada and Terra Firma are brought to this place. Lat. 10. z-j. N. Ion. 75. az. W. Carthage, once a celcbrlted city of Africa, and rival of Rome, but now in ruins. It is 10 miles E. of Tunis, near the .promontory called Cape Carthage, Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion. 10. 25. E. Carthago, capital of Colla Rica, Mexico. Cartkkejtny, a river in Carmarthenfhire. Cartington, Nortliumberland, near N. and S. C irhon. Cartloiie Ptijfuge, Lancafhire, on the Kent-Sands, near Cartmel. Cart- ridge, Buckinghamfliire, near Chefliam. Cartmel, a town of Lancafh'.re, ftated among the hills, called Cartmel-Fells, near tlie river Kent. It has a harbour for boats, and a market well fupplied with corn, flieep, and fifh. It is 12 miles N, by VV, of Lancaller, and 260 NNW. of London, Lat. 54.. 12, N. Ion. 3, 6. W, Market en Monday. Carton, in Kildare, Leinfter. Cart-i'ciian, Northumberl. near Great, Chelter, S. of" the FiiUWall. Carwar, a bay aad fea^port on th^ co»lt. CAS eoaft cf Malabar, fubjcft to the regent of Mvlbre. Casa del Campo, nenr Madrid. Casal, the chief city ot Moiititrryt, in Italy. Casal Maggiore, in Lucca, Inly, Casein, or Kaswin, a large tiading city or Irac Agemi, in Pcifia. Casan. See Kasan. Cascaes, a lea-port of Portuguefc Ef- traniadina, N. of the month ot ilie Tajo. Caschavv, orCASSOViA, in Hungary. Cafcaragah, in Lutrini, Connaught. CaSCO, a town and bay on tl\e coaft of Main, in New England ; ilie latter is 25 miles wide, and interl'pcrled with linaii idinds. CaJIi, in Fermnmsijh, Ulfter, 90 miles from Dublin. Cajhi/i, a rivcr in Kerry, Ivliiiiftcr. Cashel, a town of Tipperary, in Mun- fter, 76 miles SW. of Dublin, and 13 N\V\ of Clonrnell. Lat. 52. 26. N, Ion. 55. 12. W. Cashen. Set Cackan. CaSHGUR, or Lj TTLE BUCHARIA, a cotmiiy (>f W. Taitaiy, bomu'ed on the M. by Siberia, on the E. by Chiiiefe Tar- tary, on tiie S. by Thibet and Hindi-oftan, and on the W. by Gjeat Bucharla. It is populous and fertile, but the air is cold. Hi-re are rich mines of gold and fdver, v/liich thcj natives do not work., being wholly employed in feeding cattle. The inulk animals are found in this country ; and they have feveral precious (lones be- fide diamonds. It's capital, CashguR, ftands at th.e foot of the mountains, and is a place of fome trade. I^at. 40, 30. N. Ion. 73. 25. E. CaJIiiabury, Herts, near Watford. Cashmere, a province of India, fub- jeft to the fultan of Candahar. It lies N. of the Indian Caucal'us, and E. of the In- dus. It is 80 miles long and 40 broad, vjiuiounded by lofty mountains, from which theie Fall numerous cafcades, this valley is celebrated for it's romantic beau- ties, the fertility of the foil, and the tem- perature of tiie atniofphere ; it is fubjcif , however, to earthquakes, on which account the houfes are built of wood. Among other curious manufaftures of C-irtnnere, is that of fhawis, wlilch are diftrlbuted over many parts of Afi.i, and into Africa and Europe. It's capiial, CashmfrE, is a large city, built on both fides of the Ciielum, a large naviga- ble river, and is 285 miles E, by S. of Cabul. Lat. 33. 4.9. N. Ion. 73. it. E. CaJJimore, Dorfetlhire, near Chettle. Cas.h.naj part of the exteufiye country CAS called Soudan by the Arabs, and Negro- land by the Europeans, a large kingilom in the interior of Africa, S. of Zaara, E. of Tombuftou, and W. ot Z.mifara. It re- fenibles B'jrnou in climate and natural pro- duclions, and in the colour, genius, reli- gious proleflion, and government of the people. It's monkeys and parrots are nu- merous, and of various i'pccies. A tliou- fmd towns and villages aie laid to be in- cluded in this empiie, which like Eornoii, confiils of diifeix-nt tribes o^n.i;ions, iub- je(5l to.the dominion of one fovcreign. It's capital, Cashna, is about Soo miles nearly S, of Tripoli, in lat. 16. 20. N. CaJJ'.op, 3 miles from Durham. Casimir. S>.e Cazimir. Cafunul, Dorlctfliiie, in the parilli of V/iiitchurch. Cajley, Yorkfliire, \V. Kid- ii)g, E. of Otley. Caspian Sea, a «rcat inland fea of Afia, on the N. of Perfia, about 6So miles in length, and :.6o in breadth. It has no tide, but has ftiong currents, and is fub- je6f to violent (forms, which the Ruffian V'.-iicls weather with difatultv. It's wa- ters are brackiihj tlie fiihenes extenfive. The roe of the Ifurgeons and beluga fup- piy large quantities of caviare; and the fifii, which ate chiefly faited and diied, form a confiderable article of confumption in the RulTian empire. Cassano, 3 towns of Naples, and i of Milan. Cassel, the capital of the landgraviate of KciTe Caffel, circle of Upper Rhine. It is divided into the Old and New Towns, the latter of which is well built and fpa- cious. The cadle or palace commands a delightful profpcft, and has fine gardens and a curious cabinet. It is feated on the river Fnlda, 40 miles S. Pailerboin. Lat. 51. 19. N. ion. 9. 34. E. Cassel, a town in the depart, of the North., I'cated on a mountain, whence may be feen 32 towns, and the f'ca, though 50 miles diitant. It is 10 miles NE. of St, Oiiiers. Lat. 50, 48. N. Ion. 2. 36; E. Cassei>, a town in the circle of the Lower Rliine, on the E. fide of the river Rhine, oj>pofite Mentz, with whicii it has a communication by a bridge of boats. Cajfel, a river in Carnarvonfhire. Caf" fe/itoit, on the Ifis, 4. miles from Oxford. Casserta. a palace N. of Naples, CalJey, near Norwich, on tiie Hicr. Caffulheny, Hcrtfordfliire, 3 miles NE, of Ware. Cojl, Somerlctfliiie, S. of Frome Selwood. Castanovits, a town of Croatia. CasTSLAMARA, two tovvns of Naples, Castel- CAS CASTrL-ARAGON'f.su, in Sirdinin. C'astel-Baluo, a tuwn of the Vlio- rd'e. Castel-Bran'OO, a town of Brira. CASTt'L-Dii-Viot, a town of Alentcl'ii:gha>n, in L nth, Leinfter, 34 miles from Dublin. Cajllel'lahcney, in Gal>vay, Counaught, 80 miles fron Dub- Jin, Cc'Jllihlauey, in Monajjhan, Ullter, 80 miles NW. of Dublin. Cafllc^'rack^ inQ^ieen's Couniy. LeinUer. CaJiU'Lridge, in Wexford, Lfinfivr. CnjUe-CcanpSt Cambridgefliire, E. of Linton. Ccijlkchr berry, in Klldare, Leinfter. neaily 26 niilcs from Dublin, near the Bog of Alien. Cnfdecargan, or Cafcar- rlgnn^ in Leitrin), Connaught, 84 miles from Dublin. Cajllc-Cctreiv, Pembrokefhire, nearly Tenby, Castle Carey, a town of S )mer- fetrtiire, 3 miles from Wincanton, : 2. SSE. of Wells, and 112 W. by S. of L.>n,lon. Lat. 51. 5, N. Ion. 2. 42. W. Market on Tueiday. Ciijilecoi/tl), Wiltfliire, nearChippmham. Castlecomer, a town of Kilkenny, in Leinlter, 45 mL'es SW. of Dublin, n.ot- ed for ii's coal-j/its, which produce the Kilkenny coal, remaikable for burning without emittintj fmoke. Cujllecuff, in King's-Coirtitv, Leinfter, CajUe-Beare, Middlcfcx. N.' of Great- Ealmg. Cajllc-B'tlham, Lincolnfliire, 3 miles SW. ot Bourn. Cajlk-Danis, Corn- wall, a hill near St. Coiumb. Ctjh'cjaavjhi, in Deny, Ulfter. Caf- tlcJerg, in Tyrone, Uliler. Castledermo r, a town of Kildare, in Leinftdr. It is fituated in a plealant country on the little river Lane, in the road between Cork, and Dublin, fronj which latter it is 34 miles to the SW. Lat. 52. 53. N. Ion. 6. 55. W. Calilrfin in Donegal, IJilfeis 107 miles from Dublin. Cafikfrskcy in Cork, Mun- ftcr, 3 miles SE. of Rofs. Cafde Dykes, Northamptonfliire, i mile S. ofWeedon. O'Jlle-Eaton, AVilrfliire, 3 miles NW. of Highwoith. Cdfik- GoodzL'in, Gloucetterfliire, near Painfwick, CaJJle-Hcan, IL re ford (hi re, at the foot of Hatterel-Hill. Cajile Hedingham, EiTex, 7 miles SW. of Sudbury. CnjIk-HiU, Warwickfhire, NW. of Kyncton. C<*J'- tle-Uill, Devonfhiic,6 miles from Tawton. CnjiL'Guard, in Louth, Leinfter. Cr.f- ilc-Ha^ket, in Galv\ay, Cimnaught, 97 miles from Dublin. Cujlle-H^ivtii, 4 (mail but lafe harbour of Cork, Munftcr, Lat, ji. 2,. N, Ion. 9. 10. W. CAS CflflJe-Hornock, Cornw. on a mount near Peiiz.ince. Cajtle-Hovj, Wcllm. an aitifi, cial hiil near Tebay. CajUc-Hoivnrd, the leat of the earl ot'Caihlle, near M.ilton, Castle-Island, a town of Kerry, in Ma;iiier, 8 miles E. of Tralee, 30 NW. of Cvuk, and 133 from Dnhlin. Cajlk-Knock, 3 miles from Dublin. Cajlle-Lagban, in Mayo, Connausjht. lin. CajJlcpaoh, in Cork, Mun- ller, npnr Doneraiie. Cafiltrca, in Rof- coir.mon, C mnnught, S-j. miles trom Dub- lin. Cajilereagh, in Down, Ulftcr. CASTLE-RisiNG, Norf. 7 miles NE. of Lynn; it's harbour is choked up with lands, and it's market diliiled. Cr/jHe-Rock, in Antrim, UlUer, on a hiil E. of i'iriickfeigiis-B.".y. Cajile-Rujf, Kent, near Milt(.n. Celjilc Sampfoii, in Kofconunon, Con- nnught. Calflt-Sh^rnc, in Monaghan, L'l- Iter, 59 niHeo from Dublin. dyUe-Steed. CumI). NW. of Bramp- ton. CajHe-'T'horp, Bucks, near Hanllop. CaftUtony Derby f. by the Fcak's-Hoie, a very curious cavern, whence a ftream of water iliucs. Ca/llr/on, 0x1. hnVierins^ on Glouccfterflure.' Q'-jUeWi, Yorkf. NW. of Rippon. Cajt'tcton, Yorkf. in Cleve- land. Cijjileto'i, Dorlirtf. near Sheiborn, to which It is a iuburb. CastletowNj^ the cipital of the Ifle of Man, feated on the SE. It's harbour is ftiallow and rocky. La;. 54.. 2. N. ion. 4.35. VV. CajiU'to-vn, in C^rk. Munfter, no miles fro\n Dublin. Ccjileto-jjn, . in Queen's County, Lt-mfter, 4'3 miLs from Duo'in. C/iffletozo/i, in Louth, Leinfter. Cnjile- to -fit- i'l K'id;ire, 9 miles -rom Dubini. Cajileioivn-Del-vin, in W. Mcath, Lein- Itcr. 35 mill s fio n Duiilin. CajUetonvn- Giogkan, la \V, Mcatli, Leinitcr. Q'ljHe- CAT tonv/ilanJs, >in Mayo, Connaught. €«/- tlrtoxvn-Macenery^m Limciick, Munfter. Cajileta-vsn-Rocbr', in Cork, Munfter, 115 miles from Dublin. CaJ}lc-Felliny in Down, Ulfter, 65 miles from Dublin, CaJ}L'-fFar:l, in Down, UllKr, a n.ilc W, of Strangford, Caston, or Cawston, a town in Norfolk, 10 miles N. by \V. of Norwich, has a bridge over the Bure. Market ca Tuefday. Cafton, Hints, between Avington and Kingfwortliy. Castor, a town of Lincolnfliire, is miles KE. of Lincoln,^etween Binbrook and Glandford-Bridge. Market on Mon. Cajlor, Northamp. 3 miles fiom Peter- borough. CajJor, Norfolk, 3 miJLS S. of Norwich. Cdjior Ligbt-Hoztfe, Norf. N- of Varmonth. Cajior-Trinitj, Norfolk, NW. of Yarmouth. Castres, capital of the dept. of Tarne, fcatec^ in a fine valley, on the river Agout, 20 ndles; S. of Albi. Lat. 43. 37. N. Ion. 2. 20. E. Cnjlrigg, Cumb. parifti of Crofsthvvaite. Castro, in the Pojxr's territories. Castro, in Otraiuo, Naples. Castro, capital of Chdoe, in Chili. Castro-DEL-Rev, a town ofGalicia. Castro-Marino, a town of Aigarve. Castro-Virkyk.v, a diftrift of Peru. Caj\vald Ho^jj, Cumb.E. of Wb.iteha- ven_. Caj'zvJl, Oxl. SVv^" of Witney. CafiL-orth, Yorkf. iKar Doncafter. Caj'alonia, a province of Spain, bounded on the W. by Arragon :ind a part 'ol Valencia; on the N. by thePyieneesj and on t!ie E. and S. by the Mediicrraneaa and Valencia. It's greatcft extent from E. to W. is H2 miles, and from N. to S. 148. The air is wholeijwne. It's moun- tains, which are numerous, are covered with foreft and truit trees. It abounds i» wine, corn, and pulfe, and has quani(Js of marble, and feveral forts of mines. Bar- celona is the capital. Catania, an ancient, rich, and cele- brated city of Sicily, with an univerfity, on a g^df of the fame name. It's ftree'ts are wide, ftraight, and well paved with l.tva. The inhabitants are about 30^000. The city ftands on the E. coaft, near Mo»int Etna, and has often Juffered by earthquakes, particularly in 1669 and 1693. In the laft the town was entirely dedroyed, and 18,000 people buried in the ruins. It has fnice been rebuilt and repeopled, the land about it being fertile in corn, wiive, fruits, &c. It is 4.7 miles SSVV. of Meiruia. Lat. 37. 36, N. Ion. 15.29. R. Cata.nzaro, in Calabria Ultra. CaI ARO, CAT Cataro, a town of Dalmatia. Caichnfuie, Noitlmnih. 4 miles SE. of F.llc-ldon. Calihhorn, Noitiuimb. near Iviuiptrth. Catcomb, Hunts, near Pi^rtf- iiiotith. Catcomb, Somafctl'. near Mur- lincli. Ci/-ZJ^««,Dlllll.W.ul'We:^rnl(luIh. Cateau, or Chateau CAMBREiis, a town in die ilcpart. ot the North, it miles SE. ol" Cambray. Lat. 50. 3. N'. Jon. 3. 31. E. Cattegat, a gulf between Denmark anil Sweden, by which the Baltic commu- nicates vwih the Northern Ocran. Catcrham, Surry N. oF Bicchingley. Catern, S.xi-erf. NE of Bath, Cai->^by, Northamp. NW. of Daventry. C^tef more. Line, near Stamford. Catjield, Norf. ne T Hickling. Catford-Hall, Lan c.i(hire, NW. of Prefton. Cafcfs, Yorlcf. in Ilolderntis. Catharinkneurg, or Ekaterin- burg, a town ami province of RufTia, in the govi'rnmcnr of Perin. Cai HARiNEiVSLAF, the new name of tiicexti;iidcil government ot Aloph, wh.ich is now made to compiife Nc>a' Ruffia and the Crimea. This government is divided info 3 provinces, namely C itharinenflaf, which includes New R\i(na, and the late governmtnl of Afoph ; and the province ot Taui i(ta, which includes the Crimea. Catharinenslaf, the capital of the province of the lame name, (fee Asoph) is 17S miles NE. of Cherfon. Lat. 47. 23. N. Ion. 35. 15. E. Catherlough. See Carlow. Cathej-j'ion, Dorl'etf. N. or Ciiarmouth. Caiborp, Nott.jn the pariOi of Lowham. Catborp, Leicef. near Ru':^by. Cathorp, Line. W. of Sleaford. Caiborp. yorkl". W. of Bridlington. Cathy, Line. W. of the terry over the Wit ham. CaiUdge, Camb. 2 miles Worn Ner^maiket. Catmandu, the capital of Napnul, in Hindooitah Proper, 445 miles E. of Delhi. Lat. 28. 6. N. Ion. 84. 51. E. Catmcr, Berks, nearFarnborouiih. Cat- n:nufe,Hil!.xni\ Vale, Riitl. SE. of Okt^ham. Caton, Yorkf. SW. of Scarboi-ough. Catoche, Cape, the NE. promon- tory of Yucatan, in N. America. Lat. 21. 10. N, Ion. 87. 30. W. Cntfgroi'e-HilU Berks, near Reading. Catjlej, Dorfetf. in Carfcomb par;fli. Cat- Jiock, Dorfftf. NW. of Frampion. Cat- J}>tet, SulTcx, lo miles S. of Tunbridgc- Wells. Cattack, or Cuttack, a city and (li'iriiSt of Orid'a, a province oi Hindoo- ftan, fubjedl to the Berar rajah, a Mah- ratta prince. It is a poll of confequence, iiom it's h'ciiig the only road between Bengal and the northeru Ciicais, and is C A U feated on the river Mahanuddy, nenr It't entrance into the Bay of Benj^al, i?4 miles SW. of Calcutta. Lit. 20. 51. N. Ion. 86. 1. E. CattaL Magna and Farva, Yorkf. near Buroiigilbl idgc. * Cat re RICK, Yorkf near Richmond, . C//vr«//j Lanc.in A'noundernels. Cat- ierly, Cumhcrl. ntar Peniith. Cutterton, Yorkf. W. Ridina, near Bilbuigh and Beltijn. Cafli:rnvorth, Somerf. n-ar Bow- diich, a Ruman c^mp of a circidir form on th; (limmit of a hill. Cattesf.rld Suf- fex, W. of Cowhurft. Catle/ball, Suiry, rvar Godalmingj. Catthcrp, Lric. NF,. of Hallaton. Catton, Dcihyi. on the borders of S aff. C<7//o;/, Lane, m Lonfdale. Cat' ton, Yoikihire, SW. of Thii/k. Catton^ Yorkl. NW. of Pocklington. Catvjade- Bridge, SufF. near Maningtree. Cativater, one of the three harbours at Plymouth. Cativick, Yoikfh. near Hornfey, in H'>U dernefs. Cativorth, Great and Little, Hunt, near Sprdi'wick. Cava, in Piincipaio Citra. Naples. CAVAiLLON,a town of France, in Ve- naiflin, zo miles SE. of Avignon. Cavan, a cotmty of Ireland, in Ulfrer, bounded on the W. and SW. by Leitriia and Longford ; on the NW. and N. by Fermanagh and Monaghan ; on the NE. by Monaghan ; and on the E. ana S by E, and W. Meath. It is about 47 miles long and 24 broad, contains many beauti- ful lakes, and is in fome pans rich and fertile. It is populous, and the linen ma- nutailure is carried on in it pretty exten- fively, it's yearly trade in it having been averaged at 62,2ool. It's capital, Cavan, is 54 miles NW. of Dublin. Lat. 54. 4. N. Ion. 7. 19. W. CAUCASUS, a chain of motmtains in Afia, whicli ext-.-nd fiom the Black to tlie Cnfpan Sea, inhabited by 7 diitinc't na- tions, each fpeaking a (iifferent language, namtly, the Tartars, tlie Abkas, the Cir- caifians, the Ofii, the KUti, the Ldguis, and the Georgians. TheiV mountains .ire the highelt in Afia, and their tops are al- ways covered with Ihov.'. The lower parts abound in honey, coin, wine, fruits, gum, hogs, and horned cattle. The x'ines iiere- about grow winding round the high trees. Caucasus, one of the governments of Riiflla, divided into the provinces of Af- ti acan and Caucafus ; the latter compriks the Cuban and the diftrici betvveen the Black Sea and the Cafpian, as far as the confines of Georgia. The principal town is Alfracan, Caudeeec, a trading and populous town in the dept. of Lower Seine, at the foot of a noountaiii near the Seine, 18 miles C A X miles NW. of Rouen. Lat. 49. 31. N. Ion. o. 46. E. Caudle-Green^ Gloucef. in Brimpsfield hamlet. Ca've, DcvonI'. near B.impton. CwvehurJ}, Hanis, near King's-Cltre. Ca've, N. and S. Ycrkf. a littlc'N. of the Humber. Cavendijh, SufTex, between Long Melford and Clare. Cavery, oi-Cauvhry, a confiderable river of Hindooftan, which rifing among the Gaiits, takes a SE. diieftion through MyCcre ; and watering; St-ringapatani, Tritchinopoli, and Taiijore, falls into the Bay of Bengal, by feveral mouths, be- tween Ciiddalore and Negap^itani. Ca'vejham, Suffolk, between B'.iry and Milden-Hall. Ca-uerleigk, Pevonf. SW. of Tiverton. CavsrsjieUi, Bncks, N. of Bicelkr, in OxF. Ca-jerjham. Oxf. a n^ilts N. of Reading. Ca-vei -Houfe, Yurkf. S. of the Swale, towards Afkrigg. .CAVlTE,atowninthe iflnnd of Manilla. Caulcot, Nortbanip. E. of HijCiiam-Fer- rers. Cauldon, Staff. W. of Bl'jre. Caune, La, a town in the dept. of Tarn, r.ear the mountains, where the A- gotu has it's fource. It is 21 miles NE. of Cafties. Lat. 43. 40. N. Ion. 2 43. E. Cav.nton, Natt. near Norwell. Coais- Co.jile, Siiropf, 4 miles E. of Powis-Cilile. Caiijhy, Lit.c. W. of Alfoid. Canfey- Park, Ncrthumb. near Morpeth. C/uijion- liill, Warw. near Dunchurch. CciuJ-ivay, Sddt-x, near Arundel. CAUTERETS,a village in the dept. of the Up. Pyrenees, noted tor it's mineral wa- ters. It is 18 miles SW. ot Bac^ncrcs. qautkcrp, Yorkf. NVY. af B.irntlley. Cautherp, Yorkfh. N. Riding, NW. of Pickering. Cauthorp, Yorkf. N. Riding, NE. of Madiam. Cauthxvate, Ciimb. E. of Inglewood-Foreft. 6'^.7/^;7, Yorkf. near Hovingham, W. of Malton. Caivcot, Upper and Loi.'jer, B£"/, Kent, near Limme. Chapel, Monm. on the borders of Brecknockfhire. Chapely Surry, S W. of Newdigate. Chapel- Aller~ ton, Yorkrtiire, near Leeds. Chapel-in-tke-Frith, Derbyf, on the confines of the Peak, near Chefliue, 17 miles SE. of Mancheller. Market on Sat. Chapel-Garth, Northumb. near New- caftle. Chapel-Hill, Surry, near Hafcomb. Chapel-Hiil, Monm. 3 miles N. of Chep- Aow. Chapel of-tke-lngs, Weftmorl. 6 miles from Kendal, on the Amblefide road. Chapel in the- Street, Chefli. W. of Knotf- foid. Chapel Long^ Shropf, 2 miles NW. ofSrdifleet. Chapel, lle-zv, Shropf, 2 miles SE. of Clun-Ca(ile, Chapel, Neiv, Surry, in Bur(tow parifh, bordering on Sufl'cx. Chapel, North, Suff. near Blackdown Bea- con. Chapel of-iheGriiiie, Cumberland, nearBoulnefs. Chapel on the-Heath, Ox- fordfhire, near Chippmg-Norton. Chapti- sf-PlaiJitr, Wilts, near Box. Chapel Eay, in Big-lfland, one of the Copeland-Illands, on the NE. c^alt of Down, Ulltcr. Chapel Izodr on the Lif- fty, 3 miles from Dublin, which it lup- plies with (Irawberries, Chapel-Mid-zvay, I'even miles from Dublin. C'i?'/T/>«a;7/?<7fl'f, Wilts, NE.ofV\'arminfter. K Ckar.^eon, C H A Charabon, a fea-port of Java. Chdi-boreui;/.', Durlcifliiie, S W. of Win- bourn Minllcr, CflARCAS Los, a province of Peru, in which are the richelt tilvcr miiKS in tlie world. LaPhtaisthcccipital. SeePoTOSl. * Chard, a town in SomerlVifliire. It lias kvti.ii Ibeams lunning through it, and one in puticular, which, by being turned to tl-e N. or the S. will, it is faid, run into the Briltol, or the lingiifh Chan- nel, Here is :i woollen maiiutatlme. It is 6 nilcs W. of Ciewkiieine, anJ. 14.1 W. by S. Lon^ion. Lit. 50. 52. N. Ion. 3. iS. W. M.rketon Monday. Chardflock, Doiletf. 2 miles S. ofWam- brokt . Chaycls, D^vonl". E. ct Barnltaple. Charente, 3 tlept. of France, focallcd fioin a river which riks in tiic l-imofm, and iiinning by Ar-goulcme and S:oiitts, talis imo the Bay of Bilcay, below Roche- fort. Ancroiilene is the chief town. Charente, Lower, a department of France, on the fca-coalt, N. of the river Girondc. It's chief town is Saintts. Charite, La, a town in the dept. of Nievre. It ftands near the Loire, over which there is a bridge. F;om it's iltua- tion on the read between Paris and Lyons, and It's vicinity to the canal of Briare, it's trade is briilc. The woollen manufafture and extenlive iron-works are carried on here. It is 13 miles KNVV. of Nevers Charficli, Gloucef. N. of "'A'ickwsre. Cbarjinch, Somerf. W. of Biidsjewater. Cho.rford, N. and S. Hants, near Fording- bridge. Charing, Kent, between Ltnharn and Wertwell. Charingi'jonh, Glouc. near Ebberton. Charkomb, Sunierfetlhire, near Bith. Charkot, Shropf. E. of Brovvn- Clec-Hili. Charkot, Warw. NF. of Strat- ford. Charkot, Hants, near Whitchurch. Charlemont, a town of Armagh, TJllttr. It is feated on the liver Black- water, 6 miles nearly S. of Dungannon, and 68 NW. of Dublin. Charlemont, a town in the dept. of the North, on the rivtr Mcule, 25 milts SW. ofNinuir. Lat.5o.6.N. lon.4..4o.E. ■ CHARLEROYjOrCHARLES-SUR-SAM- BRE, a town in the dept. of the North, on the Samhre, 1 8 miles W. of Na.nur. Lat. 50. 20. N. Ion. 4. 30. E. Charles, Cape, a promontory of Vir- ginia, at the N. fide of the outlet of Chefa- peak-Bay. Lar.37.i2.N. Ion. 75. 50. W. Charles, Cape, a promontory on the NW. part of the Strait, entering Hudlon's Bay. Lat. 62. 4.0. N. Ion. 75. 15. W. Charleston, the capital of S. Caro- lina, is le.ated on a peninfula, formed by the rivers Aihiey and Coupcr, ttie former ■ •!" which is uavi^abie tor Clips ol burden C 11 A JO miles above the town. The bank* of thefe rivers arc adorned with licautifi*! plantations, and fine walks, inteupcrlcd with rows of trees, which render the hma- tion of the town very pieafailt. It has a commof'.ious and fecure harbour, and is a place of confide! able trade. In 1787 there were 1600 houfes, 9600 whites, and 5400 negroes. Lat. 32. 50. N. Ion. 79. ",o. W. Charleton, an ifle in Hudfon's Bay. Charlevit LE, a town of Cork, in Muiirter, 30 miles N. of the city of Cork, and 112 SW. of Dublin. Lat. 52. 23. N. Ion. 8. 30. W. Chari.eville, a town in tlie dept. of the Ardennes. Tlic rtreets arc Ifraight, and the houfes of equal h- ight ; and here is a magnificent fquare, in the centre ot which is a handfome fountain. It is feated on the river Mcufe, nearMezleres, with which it communicates by a bridge and a caufe- way. It is 15 miles NW. of Sedan, and 115 NE. of Paris. Lat. 49. 50. N. \on. 4. 45. E. Charliy, or Charniaood, Leic. SW. of Loughborough. Charley, Staff. 3 miles NE. of Walfall. Charky l^cod, Herts, NE. of Rickmanfworth. Charltou, "Wore. near Evefham. Charlton, Kent, littwtcn Greenwich and WooKvich. Ciarltottt Northamp. parifhof Newbottle. Charlton, N. and S. Northumh. in Tindale. Ckarl' ion, Somerf. S. of Keynfliam. Charlton, SufT. 3 miles E. of Goodwood. Charlton, Staff, near Swiimerton. Charlton, Berks, in Wantage parilh. Charlton, near Dor- clieller. Charlton, Devon!'.- S. of Dare- mouth. Charlton, Glouc. near Heni^ury. Charlton, Glouc. near Cirenccffer. Charl- ton, Hampfliire, near Andover. Ckarlion, Kent, near Dover. Charlton, Dorfetf. 3 miles from Sherburn. Charlton, Middl. dear Sunbury and Hampton-Court, Charl- ton, OxfordI'. between Woodifock and Pid- dington. Charlton, Hants, between Clan- field and Compton. C/'rtr//o«, Wilts, to- wards Shafiefbury. C/".s are alio lent to fi.rcign parts, to Ireland, Scotland, and diffcrtnt parts ot England. The nianufa£fures of Chefinre are extenfive, as at Stockport, Mucclesfield, and Conglelon ; and it is noted tor it's lalv Iprings at Namp^wich, Middlevv'ich, Winsford, and Northwich,at whicli lall place tr:ere are vn(t pits of lolid fait rtJCK., forming a confrlerable article of export. The principal rivers aie theMer, fc) , Dee, Weaver, and Dane j and here are fcveral Imall lakes. Chejhiiit, with it's ParkznA Jf^ajh,\itns, near Hoddcldon. Chefilborn-, Durfctl. near Middleton. Chefingion, Suiry, between Efhcr and Ewel. " Cte/il-Ba/ik ^ Dori'tti. is compofed of giavel at'.d pebbles thrown up in the lea, 9 miics in length : between it and the Ihore there is a narrow fca, and it connects Portland with the iniin land, Chrjlal, Statfurdfliirc, in Loiigioi: parifh. ♦Chester, :lie capita) oi Chtlliire, isa large, ancient, and populous city. It is fea ed on the D^e, over which it has a fin« bridge of 12 arches, by which veffels coine from the lea to the quav, and by a canal, lately cut, it alfo has communication with fcveral new inland navigations. It has alio a conltant communication with Ireland by it'spicket-hoa-s. It's 5 annual fans, on Feb. a4, July 5, and Oct. 10, each lafting a week, are the molt noted in England, ef- pecially for Irilh linens. The main Greets h ivc a peculiarity of conltruftion; they are hoUo^ved out in the rock to a confiderable depthi and the hvul'cs have elevated in froat CHE front a fort of covered porticos, which are called rows, and afford a (lieltered way for toot-pTffeiigers. Chefter has a manufac- tory of gloves, and a confiderable traffic of /hop- goods into N. Wales. It is iSs miles N\V. of London. Lat. 53. 12. N. Ion. 3. 3. W. MrKcrson Wtdnef. and Saturd. Chester, West, the capital of the county of Chetter, in Pennfylvania. It is I'eated on the Dciawart, and has a fine har- bour. Lit. 39. 54.. N. Ion. 75. 27. W. Chejhr, NorthamiJ. near Archefh-r and Wcilingborough. Chefler, Black, Somerf. NW. of Bruron. Chefter-in-the- Street, 5 miles N. of Durham. Ckel}er vi-the Wall, Norrhuiiiberl. near Bufy-Gap. Chejitr, Little, near Derby. C^eJlerOt'erjV/drw. a iiamlet of Monk's-Ivirby. * Chesterfield, a town of Derby- fliire, fcated on a gentle rife between two fmall rivers, is next to Derby the mrft confiderable town in the county. It has one of the largeft free fchools in the N. of England. Here is a manufa6tory of vvorft- ed and cotton (lockings, and of carpets j alfo four potteries, for brown ware, and, near the town are large iron-founderies, wliich are fupplitd with ore and coal, dug in the vicinity. Large quantities of lead are fent hence by the new canal to the Trent, which it joins below Gainlborough. The country round Chefterfield produces great quantities of camomile. The fpire of the church, which' is of timber, coveied wiih lead, is -warped awry. It is t.z miles N. of Derby, and 149 NNW. of London. Lat. 53, 18. N. Ion. i. 27, W, Market on Saturday. Chejierjield, Staff, on the Tame, S. of Lichfield. Chejlerford, Great and Utile, Effex, 3 miles from Walden, on the Cam. Chejlerton, a miles from Cambridge. Chef~ terton, Somerf. near Somerton, Chejlerton, Sraff. N. of Newcaftle-under Line. Chef- terton, Glouc. a hamlet of Cirencefter. C':ejhrtcn, Hunts, 3 miles SW. or' Peter- borough, Chejlerton, Oxf, near Biceller. Chefter-'joood, Northumb, near Langley- Cal'tle. Chejlon, Devonf, W, of King's- Bridge. Chefi.vardine, Shropf. 5 miles from Newport, Chefvoick, Northumb. on the coail, between Berwick and Holy Ifland. Chefe-ivorth, Suff. K. of Hor/ham. Cheef- ruring, Cornw. near St. Neot's, a monu- ment of ftones, like the Hurlcrs. Chef- I'jjkc, near Warwick. Ckete-Wall, Yorkf. SE. of Wakefield. Chetelhampto}:, Devonf. on the Taw, near S. Molton. Chetkam, Lane. N. of Manchefter. Chetlop, a river In Northumberland. Chettiol, Dorfetf. 2 j"niles S. of Yateminller, Chcljlmm, Canib. in the irte of Elv. Chettell, Dorfetf, near Blandfoid. CUttmd-Led^e, Dorfetf. in CHI Tarent-Monkton. Chettefcomhy Devonf* N. of Tiverton. Chetton, Siuxjpf. SW. o' Bridgenorth. Chetivin A/lon, Shropf. SE. of Newport. Chet'wiM-£nd, Shropf. S. of Newport. Cbez'eley, Camb. near New- market. Cheveky, Berks, S. of E. Aft- ley. Che--ueUy. Somerf. N. of Wrington. Che-verel, A/^^rs and /'firx/rt, Wilts, near Lavington. Ckeinngton, E. and H . or Che'uelington,'^Qn\\\\mh. near Akelynton. Che'velOoH, Devonf. near Stokenham. Che- 'vening, Kent, 3 miles from Sevenoaks. Ckeverirs-Green, Herts, 3 miles from Dimlt;ib!e, Che-oers, Effex, E. of Chip- plng-Ongar. Cke-uerton, ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Che-vinglOHy Suffolk, SW. of Bury. Cheviot, a mountainous dirtricf, fe- pai'ating the NW. part of Northuniberhmd from Scotland. The hilly country Is called the Cheviot Hills, as the adjoining fenny groimds are called Cheviot Moors, The cattle and wool are excellent, but the coun- try is almoft depopulated by the praffice of throwing many fmall farms into fingle ones of great extent, confifting either o£ wide (heep-walks, or of vaft corn-fields. Che-TV, Magna, or Bi/hop's-Chc-aj, So- merf. between Keynlham and Wringion. Che-TvJIock, Someif SW. of Stanton-Drew. Chenvton-Bunny, Hants, between Lyming- tonand Chriftchiirch. Che-ivfon-KeynJJtam, Somerf. near Keynfham. Chezvton-Men- dip, Somerf. among Mendip-Hiils. Chey- ney, Bucks, 3 miles from Amerfliam, the family burying place of the dukes of Bed- ford. Cheyney-Longvile , Shropf. NW. of Ludlow. ' Chiapa, a prov. of Guatimala, Mexico, Chiapa-dos-Espagnols, or Civi- D ad-Real, and Chiap ADOS lNDios,two towns of Chiapa, Chiaren7.a, a fea-port on the W. coall of the Morea, 84 miles SW, of Li- vodia, and 80 W. of Corinth. Chiari, in the Biefciano, Italy. ChiarO-Monte, a town of Sicily. Chi A VENN A, a town of SwIlTerland, capital of a county of the fame name, in alliance with the Grifons. It has Ibme trade in cattle, wine, filk, and fruits, and is the principal entrepot for the tranfport: of merchandile between the Mllanefe and Germany. It is feated near the lake of Chlavenna, and about 8 miles N. of the lake of Como. Lat, 46, 1 5. N. Ion. 9. 27.E. *Chichester, the capital of Siiffex, isi a neat and liandfome city, feated in a plain, on the river Lavant, by which it is cncompaifed on every fide, except the N. The market-place is in the cei.tie c'i the town, from v.-hich the 4 principal Itieets arc direfled to the cardinal points of the K. 4- compals. C H I compafs, find bear the names of E. W. ^^^ anJ S. Street. It's market is well fup[)li- fd with provifions, it txports corn, malt, iL'c. and his lome torei^'n commerce, and a manufa(5lory of needles. The haven, which is at h confulerable diftance from the town, affords excellent lobllers. It is 6i miles SW. of London. Lat. 50. 50. N. Ion. Q. 48. W. Markets on Wednelday, Friday, and Saturday. Chichfotf Efllx, in the marflies, near Hol- land- Parva. Ckickerill, E. and JV. Dorf. NW. of Weymouth. Chicklade, Wilts, near Hindon. Chu/iney,E{l'ex, nearThax- ted. Cbickfa^id, B^df. near Shefford. Chid- comb, or Cbiidcomb. See Cbitcomb. Chid- den, Hants, near Hambiedon. Ch'idahg- fold, Surry, near Haflemere. Chiddwgford, Devonf. near South-Molton. Chiddinfton, Kent, near Penflierft. Chidbam, SufL be- tween Chichefter and Havant. Cbidioke, Dorletf. near Charniouth. Chidley-Mount, Som. on the Parret, oppofite to Bridgewa- ter.^ CbU/oil/, Yorkf. NW. of Wakefield. Chielefa, a town in the Morea. Chiemsee, a town on an illand in the Lake Chiemfee, in Bivaria, SW. of Saltz- burg. Chieri, a town 6 miles E. of Turin, furrounJcd by hills covered with vines. CuiETi, capital of Abruzzo Citra. Cbig/inl, St. Jar/ies, and Chignal Seme- ley, Eifex, N W. of Chelmsford. CbigiveU, Eficx, between Waltham- Abbey and Rum- ford. Cbigivell Dexuj zn(\ Ciigavell-Roiv, z hamlets adjoining to Chigwcil. Chihiri, a fea-port of Arabia Felix. Cbilbollon, }i:xnts, N.fidecof Stockbridge. CbUcomb, Dorlttf. SE. of Bridport. Chil- cotnb. Hants, near Winchefter. Ckikomp- ton, Somerf. near M.ndip. Cbildcot, S: iff. near Haglhorton. Chilcot, Derby!', bor- dering on Sraffordf. Chilcot, or Chalk Hill, Middl. near BJifize. Ckilder ditch, Elfex, S. of Burntwood. Child Frame, Dorletf. NW. of Frampton. Childerley, 6 miles from Cambridge. ChUdhry, Dorf.tf. paiifli of Bioad-Windfor, Child Odford, Doii". near Shiiling-Ockford. Chitdrey, Berks, near Wantage. Child's Hill, Middl. near Hampltead. Child-ivall, Lane. E. of Li- verpool. ChiLhvick, Herts, near St. Al- bans. Chilfrome, Djifetf. % miles SE. of WraxhaU. CZ.-i7/ja»;,Kent, N. of Godmcr- fliam. Chilhampton, Wilts, NE. ot Wilton. Chili, a large country of S. America, bounded on the W. hy the S. Pacific Ocean ; on the N. by Peru ; on the E. by immenfe deferts, whicii divi ie it from Pa- raguay and other parts of S. America j aii.i on the S. by Patagonia. It is up- wards oi 800 miles in length, but it's breadth is uncertain j the Spanifh colonics C H I are thinly difperfed along the borders of the S. Sea, on a narrow trail extending from 30 to 50 miles in breadth, A piofu- ficn ot natural productions is feen through- out this country, wherever attempts have been made to cultivate it. The wine made here is palatable and of a good body ; and brandy is diltilled from V.. The northern parts yroducc olives. The ufeful animals introduced here from Europe have multi, plied /'urprifingiy. Mines of gold and cop- per are numerous. It is claimed by the Spaniards, but the greater part of it is polTefled by the ftill unconqucred and in- dependent natives. Chilka, a lake of Hindcoftan, on the S W. fide of the fea-coafl of Oriffa, and on the NW. fide of the bay of Bengal. It communicates with the fca by a narrow but deep opening, and is Ihailow within. It is 36 miles in length, and in moft places from 10 to 1 3 in breadth, having many inhabit- ed i/lands in it, and only a narrow flip of flat (andy foil between it and the fea, Chilleiiden, Kent, near Wingham. Chil- lesford, Suff. near Orford . Chilling, Hants, between Titchfield and it's bay. Chilling^ kam-CaJile, Northumberl. near Alnwick. ChiUington, Kent, near Maidftone. Chil~ lington, Staff. SW. of Breewood. Cbil^ lington, Suflex, N. of Lewes. Chilmarkf Wilts, near Chicklade. Cbilmore, Warw, near Coventry. Chiloe, an ifland on the coaft of Chili, about 110 miles in length, and 17 in breadth. The chief town is Caltro. Lat, 43. S. Chiljlon, Kent, near Bockfon-Malherb. Ckilfuvell. Berks, near Abingdon. Chil- tern, a chain of chalky hills, feparating the counties of Bedford and Herts, and run-r ning through the middle of Bucks, from Tring, Herts, to Henley-upon-Thames, Oxf. They are covered in various parts with woods, and Ibme of the eminences are of confiderable height, and afford rich pro- iytS-i. Chiltern All Saints, Wilts, E. of Waiininftcr. Chiltern St. Mary, Wilts, near Har..foury. Chiltern-Green, Herts, between Welwvn and Ltiton. Chiltington, Suir. near W. Grinlfead. Chilton, Berks, near Cuckhamley Hill. Chilton, Bucks, near Tame. Chilton, Kent, near Sand- wich. Chilton, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Chi/ton, Shropf. SE. of Shrewlbury. Chil- ton, Somerl". near Barwick and Queen's- Camel . Chilton, Somerf. near Bridgewater, Chilton, Somerl. near Stoke and Edding- ton. Chilton Candover, Hants, near Alef- ford. Chilton Dummer, Somerf. near Yeo- vil. Chilton Fallot, Wilts, 2 miles E. of Rair.fburv. Chilton- Hall, SulT. near Sud- bury. Chilton, Magna and Parva, Durh. near CHI sear Bidiop-Auckland. Chilverfcotan, Warw. S. of Nuneaton. Chill-well, near Nottingham. Chihvorth, Surry, nearGuild- ford. Chihvorth, Hants, E. of Rumley. Chimav, a town in the depart, of the North, on the river Blanche, 20 miles SSW. cf Charleroy. Lat. 50. o. N. Ion. 4.. 1 5. E. Chimera, a town on the coalt of Al- bania, at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea. Chimleigh, a town of Devonf. almoll furrounded by the river Dart. It is zi miles NNW* of Exeter. Lat. 50. 57. N. Ion. 3. 53. W. Market on Thurlday. Chimley, Oxfordshire, SE. of Bampton. China, an extenfive empire in Alia, bounded on the W. by mountains and de- ferts which divide it from part of Tartary, Thibet, and the kingdom of Ava ; on the N. by E. Tartary, from which it is fepa- ratcd by a wall above 2000 miles in length, on which there are about 45,000 towers j en the E. by the Yellow Sea and the Chi- nele Ocean ; and on the S. by the fame ocean, Toncjuin, Laos, Pegu, and Ava. It lies between ao antl 4.1 dcg. N. lat. and between 96 and 125 i-\>:g. E. Ion. As this extenfive countj-y lies under a variety of climates, it's air is very different. In the S. they are expoled to tropical heats and pe- riodical rains, while the rivers in the N. are generally frozen up for fome months during the winter. It is chiefly a flat open coun- try, but there are Ibme mountains, which are generally well cultivated and covered with trees, and there are mines of iron, tin, copper, quickfilver, gold, and filver. Tliere is abundance of corn, and pulfe of all forts, efpecially ricej and here are feveral trees and fruits, and a great number of fimples peculiar to the country, particularly a tree that produces peas, differing little from thofe of Europe j another, bearing a kind oi gum, which makes excellent vainifli ; a third bearing white berries, of the fize of a hazel-nut, whole pulp is tallow, of which candles are made j and a fourth, called the white-wax tree, producing that article fu- perior to the common bees-wax. The bamboo-cane grows to the height of an or- dmary tree ; and though it is hollow with- in, the wood is hard, and proper for many ulcs, I'uch as pipes to convey water, boxes, baskets, and the making of paper, after it is reduced into a fort of pafte. China is the only country which produces tlie tea- plant, and fupplies other nations with that article, when prepared. There is fcarceiy a village of China, efpecially in the S. but what enjoys the beneflt of fome navigable river, lake, canal, or arm of the lea, and wherever there is a town on ftiore, there is another of noats upon the"water, and many iamilies are born, live, and 4ie therej liogs. CHI poultry, dogs, and other domeftic animals, being kept on board as on fhore. Bclides thefe veflejs, there is a prodigious nimiber of floats of timber perpetually palling up and down the rivers and canals, which carry vafl numbers of people on them. Some of thefe floats are a mile in length, and the proprietors build little huts upon them, where they live till they have dif- poled of their timber, which they fome- times carry 1000 miles. There is no part of the world where the inhabitants obferve the .forms of politenefs fo much as in China ; they are perpetually interchanging civilities and falutations : the children (hew the greateil refpeft for their parents, and thefe fliew a great veneration ior their an- ceftors. They are, however, very deceit- ful and treacherous. The complexion of the Chinefe is rather tawncy ; thofe are thought to be the nioft handfume who are the moft corpulent. The women are mo- delf, and remarkable for their little feet. Polygamy, and various forms of idolatry, deform this improved country; here are followers of the Lamas blended with the difciples of Confucius. The articles ex- ported from China are, tea. China-ware, lackered-ware, paper, and tlie water-co- lour, known by the name of Indian ink, raw filk, cotton, manufacfured IJIks, gold and filver fluffs. Chinca, a valley and fea-port of Peru. Cbineham, Hants, i mile from B^fing- ftoke. Chineley, Derb. in the High Peak, Chiney, or CiNEY, a town of Liege. Chifigford,'EjK(L\, near Woodford. Chin- ner, Oxt. 2 miles N. of Stoken-Church. Chinnock, E. W. and Middle, Somerf. be- tween Ciewkerneand Yeovil. Chinon, an ancient town in the dept. of Inore and Loire, on the river Vicnne, 10 miles N. cf Richlieu, and 150 SW. of Paris. Lat. 47. 12. N. Ion. o. 22. E. Chin SURA, a pretty large town of Ben- gal, with a mole proje6ling into the river. It is a feitlement of the Dutch, and is feated on the river Hoogly, between Chan- der-Nagore and the town of Hoogly. Chiourlic, a town and river of Ro- mania. CHiozzA,a town and Ifland nearVenlce. Ctipchafe, Norchumb. on the N.' Tyne. Chip Meadonu, Suffolk, SW. of Beccles. Chipnal, Shropf. near Knighton. * Chippenham, a town of Wilts, feat- ed on the Avon, over which is a ftone bridge of 16 arches. It is 21 miles E. of Bridol, and 94 W. of London. Lat. 51. 27. N. Ion. 2. 8. W. Market on Thurf. Chippenham, Camb. 14 ir.lL-s from C.nn- bridge. C/j///;//^, Herts, N. of Bnntiiigford. Chipping, Lane. 10 miles E. of G:^iitang. *CHiPPING. , C H O *Chippinc-Norton. See Nortov. CnirPiNc;-ONr,AR, Eirex, ■^.o miles from Loiulon. M.irkct on Saturday. Chipping Sudburv, a town of GIou- celter, 12 miles from Brirtol, ami 23 trom Cirenctltirr. M irkct on TliurrJay. Cbijiptn^-lVcirdcn, NorthanT]-). near Ban- bury, in Oxf. Chipf^abld, Sonu-iT. W. of Wivelfcomb. Chipj}ead, Surry, near Gat- ton and B:infti;aii- Downs. CAirAwry, Shi op C. 1 nilli; NE. of Montgomei-y. Chirden, Nni-tiiumb. in Tmdaje,"" near Wiiitclu-ftcr. Chirh., Dcnbighf. S. of Wrexham, Chir- ton, Northumh. near N. Shlcldii. Chijfel. borough, Soiiu'if. 4 miks from Crookliern. Chijlcbury, Wilts, between Wilton and Shaftefbary. Chifiehampion, Oxf. near the Thame, oppofite to iMilton. ChijUkurji, Kent, near Eltham. Chipty Y^nX, be- tween Reculvtr and Thanet I fie. Chl/le- tOK, £. and IV. Wilts, near Marlborough. Chisme, ancient Cvssus, a fea-port of Naiolia. Chifcl, Great and Little, EflTex, in the N W. angle of the county. Chijhn, Somen'. KW. of Axbridge. Cbijhvick, Middl. SW. of Hamnnerfmith. Chij'ivorth, Derb. in the High-Peak. Chitcoinb, Dorfetf. near Ibberton. Cbitkurji, SnlT. NW. of Mid- hurlf. Chltman, Suff. near Chittinglcy. Chitro, a town of Macedonia. CHiTTELDROOG, a town of Myfore, Hindooftan, ^6 miles NNW. of Seringa- patam. Lat. 14. 5. N. Ion. 76, 15. E. Cbittenholt-Wood, Devon f. near S, Moul- ton. Chitt'mgley, Sulfex.NW.of Haylfham. Chit-ivood, or Cbeiivcod, near Buckingliam. CHiVAZZO.or Chivas, in Piedmont. Chn'ington, E. and IF. Northumberland. Chiusi, a town of Sienne, Tufcany. Chiutaya, capital of a diiUi6l in Natolia. Choczim, a town of Moldavia, on the Dneiller. Lat. 48. 51. N. Ion. z6. 45. E. Chojsey, four towns of France: the firft 6 miles S. of Paris ; the fecond in the dcpt. of the Seine and Maine j the third in the dept. of Loiret j and the fourth in the dept, of Oife, Cholderton, Wilts, E. of Ameibury. Ckoldjhury, Bucks, S. of Tring. Choli.et, a town in the department of Maine and Loire, 1 70 miles SW. of Paris. Lat. 47. 10. N, Ion. o. 45. W. ChoUacomb, Devonf. SE. of Comb-Mar- tin. Cbdmondelcy, Chelh, 3 miles NE. of M.dpas. Chclmjlon, Chefti. 5 miles NW. of Namptwich. Cbol»iun,lej'o>:, Ciiefli, near Cholmllon. Cholfey, Berks, near V/allingford. Ckolton, Somerf. near So- merion. Cbohvcrtby, or El-xortby-Houfi, SjiTierfetfliire, near btoke-Gomcr. Chonau, N. of Tcmefwaj, Hungary, C H R Chopnuell, Durh, W. of Gibfide. Chorge s, a town in the dept. of the Upper Alps, 10 miles E. of Gap. Lat. 44-. '55. N. Ion, 6. 23. E. Chrleton, NW. of Cheftcr. Cborktont Chtfli. NW. of Malpas. Charley, Chefh. E, of Knottesford. Clio RLE V, a town of Lancafbire, on thtt rivukt Chor, near the river Y:irrow, 7 miles SE. of Prefton, and 203 NW. of London. Lat, 53. 38. N. Ion. 2. 45, W. Markets on Tuefday and Saturday. Chorlftree, Herefordf, near Leominfter. Cbofeley, Berks, near Wallingioid. Cko- tcr, a rivei in Rutland. Choule, a fea-port of Concan, in Hin- dooftan, i'ubje6t to the Portugucfe. It is about 36 miles S. of Bombay. Lat. 18. 42. N. Ion. 72. 47. E. Cho'wle, Chcfh. between Chefter and Whitchurch. Chremnitz, a town in the N. of Hungary. *Christchurch, a town of Hants, feated at the confluence of the Avon and Stour, 98 miles SW, of London. Lat, 50. 45. N. Ion. I. 46. W. Mnrket en Mon. Cbriftcburch, Monm. E, of Caerlccu. ChRISTIANIA, ANSLO, orOsSLO, 3 city of Southern Norway, in the govern- ment of Aggerluiys, containing about 900Q inhabitants. The ftreets are projcSed i* ftraight lines, and at right angles to each other, and are uniformly 40 feet bread. It has an excellent harbour, and carries on a confiderable trade. It's principal exports are tar, foap, iron, copper, planks, deals, and alum. The faw-mills here are numer- ous. It is pleafantly feated along the fhorc of the bay of Biorning, which forms the N. extremity of the gulf of Chriftiania, 25 m-les from the open fea, anri 200 N. by W. of Copenhagen. Lat. 59. 55. N. ion.io.fo.E, Christianburg, a Danlfli fort and fettlement on the Gold Coaft of Guinea.. Cbriftian Malford, Wilts, NE. of Chip- penham. Christjanstadt, a fmall well-built town of Sweden, in the territory of Blek- inge. The exports are alum, tar, &c. and here are manufa6fures of clotii and filken- (f ufts. It is 50 miles NE. of Copenhagen, Lat. 55. 58, N. Ion, 14. 10. E. Chriftignetb, a river in Denbighfhlre, Christina, St, See Marquesas. Christmas Islanp, nearly in the centre of the Pacific Ocean, 1545 mil«s in circumference, bounded by a reef of coral rocks, on the W. fide of which is a bank of fine fand, extending a mile into the fea, and affording good anchorage. The foil is light and black, compoled of decayed vegetabksj the dung of birds, and fand. Here C H U Here are a few cocoa-nut and other trees, Oiiubs, and plants, feme birds, and plenty of fifli and turtles. Lat. i. 59. N. Ion. J57. 32. VV. Christopher's, St, or St. Kits, one of the Cniihhee and Leeward Iflands, ui the W. indies, ahout 18 leagues NW. of Antigua. It is 20 miles in length, and 7 in breadth, and has iiigh mountains in the middle, whence rivulets flow, which are of great ulc to the inba'ntants. Be- tween the mountains are rocks, precipices, and thick wO' ds ; and, in the SW. pints, l;ot ("ulphureous iprings at tiie bottom of them. The air is good, and the lod light, fandy, and fruitful ; they are, however, fubjeil to hurricanes. The produce is chiefly lugar, cotton, ginger, indigo, and the tropical truits. It is pofTcffed by the Engiifh. Lat. , 7. 15. N. Ion. 63. 14 W. CauDLEiGH, a town of Devonf. feated near the river Teign, 9 miles SW. of Ex- eter, and 183 W. by S. of London. Lat. 50. 38.N.lcii,3,39.W. Market on Satmd. Chiilmleigh Devonihire, between Credi- ton and Bainliaple. Chunar, a:i Englilh fort and fettle- ment of Benares, in Hindooftan. It iS feared on the Ganges, 19 miles S. of Be- nares. Lat. 15. 10. N. km. 53. 50, E. Chunaub, or Jenaub, a nver of Hindoollan, one of the five branches of tjie Indus, which falls into that river 20 milts below Moultan. Church, Lanca(hire, NE. of Blackburn. Churchavu 5 miles NW. of Glouceftcr. Ckuri:kdoi.vn,het\vii:i\ Gloucefterand Chel- tenham. Church-End, Glouc. in Tidden- ham parifli. ChurJi-End, Glouc, in Slim- bridge parlfti. Chiirch-Etui, Gloucef. in Nibley parilh. Church End, Gloucef. in Twining parifli. Church Ehath, SE. of Chtlkr, Church-HiU, Oxf. near Chip. ping-Norton. Church-Hill, Wore. N. of Kidderminfter. Church-Hill, Worceitcr- Ihire, SE. of Worceller, near Hagley. Church-Hill, in Fermanagh, Ulft er. Churchill., Somerf. SW. of Wrington. Churchill, Worcefterlhire, near Breuicot. Churchill-Fort and River, on the NW. part of Hudlbn's-Bay. Lat. 58. 48. N. Jon. 94. 3. W. Churcbingford, Devonf. Church-Holm, Chefh. on the banks of the Dan. Church- Honeyborn, Wore. 4 miles E, of Evefliam. Church-Land, in Kilkenny, Leinlter. Church Langion, Leicef. near Maiket- Harborough. CAKr^/t-O'i'fr.Warw.oppofite toCheiter-Over. Church -Stan-z>,'aj, Glouc. Church St(mpton, Devonlli. near Chard. CHURCU-STRETTON,atownol Shropf. 14 miles S. ot Shrewsbury, Lat. jz. 3a. N. Ion. 2. 4.6. W. Market on Thurfday. C I R Church-To-ivn, in W. Meath, Lemftcr. Church-'Town, in Cork, Munfter. Church- ToHxin, in W.iterford, Munfter. Church. Toivn, in Derry, Ulfter. Church-Wharion, Norf. near Lyim-Re- gis. Chrun, a liver running into the Thames at Cricklade. Churnet, a nver in Staifordfliire. Churton, Chelhire, 2 vil- lages N. and S. of Lea Hall. C'HusAN.an ifiand of China, inlat.3oN. Chute, a river in Wilts. Ckute, Wilts, NE. of Luggerfliall. Chutenham, Somtt^ fetfliiie, near Mendip Hills. CiiiAMPA, a kingdom of Afia, bound- ed on the W, by Cambodia, on the N. by Cochin-China, and on the E. and S. by the Indian Ocean and the jiver Cnnbodia. CiCLUT, a fortrels of Dilmatin. CiLLEY, a town and diilritt of Stiria. CiMBRiSHAM, a fea-port of Schonen, in Sweden. Lat. 55. 40. N. Ion. 14. 20. £, Cimen Shore, Sufiex, near Witteriiii"» in the ifle of Selfcy. ° CiNTRA, a cape of Portuguefe Eftrama- dura, otherwife c.illed the Rock of Lilhor, on the N. fide of the entrance to the Tajo. Near it is a town of the fame name. Lat. 38. 46. N. Ion. 9. 20. W. CiOTAT, La, a fea-port in the dept. of the Mouths of the Rhone. It is fa- mous for mufcadine wine, and is feated oa the bay of Laquee, between Marfeilles and Toulon. Lat. 43. 12. N. Ion. 5. 46. E. CiRCARs, NORTHERN; 5 provinces ly- ing NE. of the Carnatic. Of thefe, C.ca- cole, Rajainundry, Ellore, and Condapillj', are in polfc/non of the Englifli, and Gun- toor is iubjetl to the nizani of the Deccan. The firlt four occupy the fea-coall from Chilka-Lake, on the confines of Cattach, to the N. bank of the Kilina, forming a flip of country 350 miles in length, and from 20 to 75 in breadih, having moun- tains and extenfivc forefls on one lide, and the iea on the other, while the extremities only are open. The Circars are 350 miles fiom Bengal, and 250 from Madras, and produce an annual reveniu of 360,000], that of Guntoor is 70,0001. CiRCASsiA, one of the feven countries . which lie between the Black Sea and the Cafpian, and comprehend an extent of ter- ritory, including nearly 10 degrees of lon- gitude. They are a nation of mountain- eers, who fubfift by raifing cattle, and fix themfclves on the banks of rivers for the fake of pafturage and water. The Cir- cafl!ians of the Cuban are fcarcely known, even to the Ruflians, but by the general appellation of Cuban Tartars, in^which they arc confounded with their neighbours, the Abkas and Nogays. The Circafliar.sare divided into three claflcs j the princes, the nobles, C I V nobles, calltd uftlens, and the vaffals, or people. Thfy have never had any written laws, but are governed t>y a colleflion of ancicBt ui'ages. On great occiiflons the whole nation is afrcmblcil j a niealure is., propofed by the okleft of tlie princes, it is firft debited among the uldens, and after- wards by the deputies of the people, who are old men, and otten poflefs greater in- fiuence than the prince himfclf. They have few manufaiSturesj their agriculture hard- ly jfrroduces Cufficient for their own fubfift- ence. Sheep and horfes forn'i a principal part of their commerce, and flaves, which they take in their predatory excurfions. To ride, ufe their arms, to fleal, and con- ceal their ti)efts, is their education; and »be name of thief is only difgvaceful as it implies a dete^Hon. Girls arc brought up by the moihcr. They learn to embroider, to make their own drels, and that of their fattire hulbands^ The daughters of flaves receive the fame education, and are fold from zo to too!. Thefe are principally Georgians. Their food confifts of a little meat, palle made of millet, and beer made «f the iame grain fermented. Thty have both the Bible and the Koran j but, not kaviiig letters of their own, thofc who write their language make ufe of Arabic chambers. This nation has been, of late years, gradually reduced under the domi- nion of Ruffia, to which it is now almoft wholly fubjcft, and is included ia the go- vernment of Caucafus. * Cirencester, a trading town in Glouc. by fome accounted the largelt and Bioft ancient in tt>e county. It is feated en the river Churn, ia the great road fromf Oxford to Bath and Briftol, and has com- munication with Stroudwater, trom which it derives great advantage. It is i8 miles SE. of Gloucelter, and S9 V/. of Loudon, Lat. 5i,43.N. Ion. 1. 58. W. Markets on Monday and Friday. CiRENZA, a town of Calabria Ultra. Cifshiiry-Hill, Wilts, near Wanfdyke. Cifsbury- Hill. Suffix, near Selff y. CiTTA di-Castello, a town of Uin- pria, in Italy, feated on the river Tiber. CiTTA-NuoVA, a town of lilria. CITTA-NUOVA COTTONERA, 3 tOWH cf Milta, with the purt of St. Margarita. CiTTA-VlTTORIOSA, or II BORGO, a town in the ifland ci Malta, feated on a nanow neck of Ian!, in an excellent har- bour, to the left cf Valetta. CiviDAD Real, a town of Spain, ca- pital of La Mancha. The inhabitants are noted for dreFr.ig glove-leather. CiviDAD RoDiRGO, a confiderable town of Lon, on the river Agyada, 40 milts SVV. of Siiamaaca, C L A Civita-di-Friuli, in FrIuJJ, Venice. Civita-ih-Pen«a, in Abruzzo Ultra, Civita-Castellana, a town o» a high rock, in St. Peter's Patrimony. Civn A NuovA, a town of Ancona, in Italy, 9 miles from Loretto. Civita-Vecchia, a fea-port in the Campagna-di Roma, where the pope'» galleys are ftationcd. It is 35 miles NW. of Rome. CiviTA-VpccHiA, a fortified town in Malta. Claby, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Clack, Wilts, near Chriftlan-Malford. Clack, Devonfhire, 7 miles from Frome, Clackmannanshire, a county of Scotland, lurroundcd by Perth(hiie, unlels on the W. where it is feparated from Stir- linglhire by the Forth. It is S miles in length, and 5 in breadth, and produce* good corn and pafture, and pltnty of coals and fait. The town of Clackmannan is feated on the N. Ciore of the Frith of Forth, 23 miles N. by E. of Glafgow. Lat. 56. 5. N. lon. 3. 40. W. Clady, in Derry, Ulfter, loS miles froni DuHiin. daily, Tyrone, Ulfter. Claerborough, Nott. near Haytons Clagenfurt, capital of CariiUbia. Claghans. See Brlggs. Clains, near Worctlier, Clair, St. a lake of N. America, 90- miles in circumference, which receives the waters of the lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron, and difcharges them through the ftrait called Detroit into Lake Erie. Clairac. See Clerac. Clairmont. See Clermont. Clakton, Great and Little, Effex, E. of MeiTey I hand, near St. Ofithe- Clameci, a town in the dcpt. of Nie- vre. It is feited on the Yonne, 112 mihs S. by E. of Paris. Lat. 47- 2S. N. lon. 3. 36. E. CUtndon, E. and W. Surry, near Guild- ford. Clane, in Klldare, Leinfter. Clanecon- Jiel. See Wanngfio-'mn. Clanfield, Ox ford f. near Radcothridge. Clanjicld, Hants, near Fifield. Clanptldy Hants, NE. of Hambledon. Clanmay, a river in the ifl; of Man. Claunaborougby Devonlhire, near Bow and Crediton. Clanroad, in Care, Munlfer. Chpcot, Bulks, near Wallingford. C/tf- ferfga^e, Weftm. near Amblehde. Clap- bam, near Bedford. Clapbam, Berks, near Wickham. Clafbam, Surry, 3 miles SW. by S. of London, Clapkam, Sufl". SE. of Arurdel. dupham, Yorkf. 6 miles NW» of Settle. Clapton, Glouc. on an eminence W. abovs Souf^on-on-tb*- Water, CJcp- C L A ls.7, Middl. In Hackney, Clapton, So- nierfetfhire, near Portbury. Clara, St. a fmall ifiandof Peru. Clara, in King's County, Leinfter. Claranbridgey in Galsvay, Cennaught. Clare^ in Armagh, Uifter. Clare, in Mayo, Connaught. Clare, a county of Munfter, in Ire- land, 4-7 miles long, and 32 broad, bounded on the W. by the Atlantic ; on the N. by Galway ; and on the E. and S. by the Shannon, which feparates it tVoia Tipperary, Limerick, and Kerry. It con- tains z market- towns, and 79 parifhes, and breeds more hovfes than any other county in Ireland. The town of Clare, caDed aifo Ennis, though di(tind; from Ennis, which is 2 miles diltant, is 17 miles NW. of Limerick, and iiz SW. of Dublin, Lat. 52,. 42. N. Ion. 9. 14. W. *Clare, a town ot Suffolk, on the ri- ver Stour, into which the river Clare falls a little below. Here is a manufacture of baize. It is 15 miles S, of Bury, and 56 NE. of London. Lat. 52. 12. N. Ion. o. 36. E. Market on Friday. . Clare-ljland, in the Bay of Baltimore, Cork, MunlJer. Clarejnore, or Clarmore, in Galway, Connaught. Claremont, Surry, near Edier. Claren- don-Park, 3 miles E. of Saliftjury. Clarens, or Chatillard, a vil- lage in the Pays de Vaud, Swiflerland, the principal fcene of Roufreau's Eloife. It is delightfully fituated in a fertile country, on an eminence, which flopes gently to- v/ard the Lake of Geneva, of which it commands an extcnfive view, as well as of the lofty precipices of Mont-Blanc. Claret-Kail, Effex, near the Stour. Claretoivn, in Clare, Munfter. Clarif- ford, in Clare, Munfter, near Killaloe. Clarken-Green, Hants, 4 miles W. of Bafingftoke. Claro, Northumberl. N. of Pias-Wali, near Halion-Hall. Clarthy, or Clar'uen, a river in Radnorfliire. Cla- fej, Lane, near Hawkefhead. Clajhmore, in Waterford, Munfter. Clatercot, Oxf. Clatford, Wilts, near Marlborough. Clatford, Upper, Hants, near Andover. Clayton, Staff. S. of New- caftle-under-Line. Clayton -Hall, Lanc.E. of Mancheiler. Claton-in-the-Dnle, and in-the-Moor, Lancaf. between Blackburn and Burnley. Clai'worihy, Somcrfetfiiire, between Bridgewater and Dulverton. Claude, St. a town in the dept. of Jura, leated among high mountains, on the river Lilbn. In this city are many pub- lie fountains, with large bafins. It is 35 miles NW. of Geneva. Lat. 46. 24. N. Ion. 5. 54. E. From Mount St. Claude, v4iich forms part gf Mount Jvira, is a fine CLE profpe£t of Swiflerland and the ci-devant Savoy, the Lake and town of Geneva, and the Pays-de-Vaud. Clanjel, Dcvonf. near Horton. Cla^ocr- don, Warw. near Henley. Cls^verharn, Suilfcx, SW. of Hajiftiain. Cla'verham,, Sumcrf. in Yatton. Cla'vering, Eflcx, near Saffron-Walden, Cla^erley, ShropC SE. of Whitchurch. Cla'verhy, Shropf. NE. of Bridgenorth. Claucrton, SomerU nearBirh. Q'a^yor*^, Somerf. nearFromc- Selwood. Claugh's-Hill, L^nc. near Wi- erfdale-Foreft. Claughton, NE. of Lao- carter. CLAtJSENBURG, Or COLOSVAR, ia Traufylvania, where the itates aiVemble. On one of the gates is an infcription ia honour of the Emperor Trajan. Claupworth, Somerf. near Hardington. Claxvdock, a river in Denbighi". Cla^cgh- ion-Hall, Lane. nearGirllang. Cla-worth, Notr. in the manor of Mansfield. Cla-zu- Jloii-Long, Leic. near Netlicr-Broughtoru Claivton, Devonlhire, near HouUWorthy. ClaxLy, Lincolnf. S. of Alford. Claxhj, Line, near Market-Raifm. Claxby, Line. W. of Bullingbroke. Claxton, Norfolk, on the Yare, near Thurilon. ClaxtsK^ Durham, near Gretham. Clay, a town of Norfolk, feated on an arm ot the fea betvifcen two rivers. It is 8 miles from Walfingham, and 20 NW. of Norwich. Lat. 53. 2. N, Ion.i.5.E. Market on Saturday. Clay-Hill, ov Broi.vn Clee-Hlll, Shropf. on the N. bank of the river Temd. Claj- bury, EiTex, between Wanfted and Rum- ford. Clay. Cockle, Novt\ S. of S waff ham.. CUxy-Cotoa, Northamp. E. of Daventry, Claydon, Eajl, Middle, and Steple, Bucks, W. of Winllow. Clay- Hanger, Devonf. N. of Aflibridge. Clay-Haydon, DevonlL nearChurch-Stempton. Clay-Hill, Wilts, near Warminller. Chyliill, Middl. near Enfield Chace. Clay-Pcol, Line. S, of Beckingham. Clay Thorp, Line. E. of Burwcll. Clayton-Hall, Lane. NW- of Choriey. Clayton-cum-Kimer, Sufl'. NW. of Lewes. Clayton, YorkC. SW. of Brad- ford. Clayton, Yorkf. W. Riding, E. of Byerley-Park. deader, Cornw, E. ot Ca- melford. Cieagate,S\iny, W. of E well. Clear, Cape, a promontory on a lit- tle ifland, on the S. coaft of Ireland. Lat. 51.18. N. Ion. 9. 23. W. There i& alfo another ifland called Cape-CIear- Illand, at a fmall diftance from Balti- more-IIaven ; they are both inhabitid. Cleajly, YorkC. on the Tees, SW. of Darlington. Cleator, Cuinb. near Egre- mont. Cleatop, Yorkfii. W. Riding, i mile from Settle. Ckborne-Hali, Weft- mod, hear Penrith. Cl.EBVRY, CLE CtEBifRY, a town in Shropfhire, N. of the liver Temd, and 48 miles SE. of iJhrewlbiiry. Lat. 52.21.N. Ion. Z.23.W. Market on ThurfHay. Clebtcry Park, Sliropf. on the river Rea, and borders of Worcefterfljire. CkJfigh, rivers in MonmouthU Carmarthenl. Gla- morganf, and Pcmbroktf. Clcdhenven, a river in Pembrokef. Cledoll, Hcreh be- tween H.itterel- Hills and M';nm. Clee, Line, between Giirnfby nnd the fea. Clee, St. Margaret's, Shropf. SW. of Biinvn- Clee-Hill. Cleeret St. Cornw. N. of Lef- kard. C.Ueton, Shropf. S. of Brown- Clee- Hill. Clee've, Devonshire, near Culliton. CUeve, Gloiicefterf. in Weftbury parifli. Clee've, Bijliop's, Glouccli. 5 miles from Tcwkefbiny. C/ecve- Prior, Viorc. 6 miles NE. of EveHiam. Cleg^e, Lane. SE. of Rochdale. Ckhonger, near Hereford. Cle- ment, St. Cornw. between Falmouth-H:t- ven and Truro. Clement, St. Devonf. N. ol- Dartmouth. Clench-lVharton, Norfolk, NVV. of Lynn. Clendon, Northamp. near Rothwell. Clenhill, Northumb. in Herre- iJieved manor. Clenfion, Dorfctftiire, NE. of Middlcton. Clent, Staff, z miles from Scourbridge. Clentibret. Church, in Monaghan, UI- fter, 57 miles from Dublin. Ckoph'dl, Bedford(l:iiie, near Luton. Clerac, a town in thedepf.of Lot and Garonne, on the river Lot. It is 10 miles from Agen. Lat.44. lo. N. Ion. o. 33.E. Clere- Place, Surry, near Fai-nham. Clere's, St. Kent, near Sevenoaks. Clerke's IsL.'iNDS, two inhabited iflands in the N. Pacific Ocean, between Kamtfcbatka and N. America. Lat. 63. 13. N. Ion. 169. 30. W. Clermont, a town in the dept. of the Menfe, 127 miles NE. of Paris. Lat. 49. 1?.. N. Ion. 5. 9. E. Clermont, a town in the dept. of the Ojfe, on an eminence, 37 miles N. of Pa- ris. Lat. 49. 25. N. Ion. 2. 25. E. Clermont Ferrand, a rich and popvilous town in the dept. of Pny-de- Doine. The cathedral, public Iquares, and walks are fplendid, but the ftreets are narrow, crooked, and badly paved, and the houfes are built of ftones of a fombre afpe2,Chc\. near Dclame re- Foreft. CoJford, St. Mary and St. Peter, •Wilts, between Upton and Badhampton, Codgranje, Nott. SW, of Bingham. Cod- lingflocK, Nott. between Gotham and Wil- loi-.ghby. Codmarton, Northumberl. near Woller, CdiiKor. C^y?/f,Dejb,nc»jAlfrtton, COL CoDOGNO, in the Lodefan, Milan. Codrington, Glouc. S. of Chipping-Sod- bury. Codrington, Gioucef. a hamlet of Wapley. Codfal, Stall, on the borders ot Shropf. Codfall, Staff, i miJeN. of Tetcn- hal). CoESFELDT, In Munder, Weftphalia. CoEVORDEN, in the Drent, Ovcryfiei. Cofton-Hacket, Worcef. NE. of Bromf- grove. Coge/ihoo, Northamp, E. of Clif- ford-Hill. Cogges, Oxf. near Whitney. CoGGESHALL, a town in EiTex, ii;ated on the river Blackwater. It has a manu- factory of baize, and is 43 miles ENE. of London. Lat. 51. 52. N. Ion. 0.4.7. E. Market on Thurfday. Cognac, a town in the dept. of Cha- rente, 17 miles W. of Angouleme. It is feated on the river Charente, and is noted for it's wines and brandy. Lat. 45. 44. N. Ion. o. 10. W. CocNijOr KoNiCH, the capital of Ca- ramania, a country abounding in corn, fruits, pulle, and cattle. Here are (lieep whole tails weigh 3olb. Cogni is 260 miles SE. of Conllantinople. Lat. 37.56, N. Ion. 35. 56. E. Cohor, or Chore, a river in Cornwall. CoiMBETTORE, a town and province of Mylore, in Hindoollan, lubjecl to Tip- poo Sultan, The former is 90 miles near . ly S. of Seringapatam. Lat. 10. 40. N, Ion. 77. 10. E. CoiiMBRA, a town and univerfity of Beira, containing 18 colleges, 4000 ftu- dents, and about 12,000 inhabitants. Co IRE, or Chur, a town in the coun- try of the Grifons, Swilferland, and capi- tal of one of the jurilcliiSlionSj called The Grise League. It is fituated half a mile from the Rhine, in a rich plain, be- tween 2 and 3 miles wide, and partly oa the deep fide of a rock, and contains about: 3000 inhabitants. It is 24 miles nearly S, ofAppenzel, Lat. 46. 50. N. Ion, 9. 36. E. Coke-Hill, Wore. 2 miles E. of Ink- borough. Cokeney, Nott. S. of Welbeck- Abbey. Cocken- Hatch, Herts, in Bark- way manor. COKENHAUSEN, in the government o£ Riga, Coker, E. and /F. Somerf, 2 miles from Yeovil. Cokeley, Wovcef. near Broml- grove. Cokesford, Norf..near Rudham. Cokefivord, Line. N. of Binbroke. Coki^ therp, Oxf. near Stanlake, CoL, one of the werttrn iflands of Scot- land, 1 1 miles NW. of the Ille of Mull. It is 13 miles long and 3 broad, contains a few horfes, (heep, and goats, and has: many Jochs, which abound in fi-lj. The inhabitants are about 800. Colan, littUf Cornwall. L Coi<»SF.«t COL Colbert, a fca-port of Prufllan Po- ilicrnnia, in Up. Saxony, remarkable for it's ialt-works. Lut. 54.. rz. N. Ion. i 5. 59. E. Colbury, H^nts, VV.of ;-^outhaiiij>ron har- bour, CW/;;', No;-f'.4 iiiiles from Altfliani. *CotCHEsrKR, a town of Efllx, on a fine eniTlicncc near the Coin, which is na- vigable within II inilc of the town, to a place called the Hythc. Here is a iiianii- iai5lory of bnize; and it \s noted for oy- fters and candied eringo-roots. It is 22 nilts EME. of Cheinnsford, and 51 of London. Lat. 51. 55. N. Ion. i. o. E. IVlarkes on Wcdnefday and Sitiirday. Coliicricin, Hants, between Tidworth and Monklton. ColJham, Camb. neai" Wnk'.ei fey-Fens. Cold-Harbour, Herts, 2 n;ilts N\V. of Ware. Cold-Uenton, So- nierf. NE. of Mendip-Hllls. Cald-HiU, Ertcx, in Newport pari (h. Coldingham, a towntl'.ip oi Brrwickfliire. CoLDiNGt a town of N. Jutland, re- j-.iarkab!e for it's bridge, over whic'n all the oxen :ind ca'tle pay toll ihat go from Jutland in:o HoUtein. It was forn.erly the jelldences of many Danifh kings. Coldiog, v.'hich is liuiatid on a bay of tlie Little Bilt, is 50 miles S. by E. of Wyberg. Lat. 55. 35. N, Ion. 9. 17. E. Cold Maton, Northa.jib. near Chatton. Cold Norto:t, Oxf. near Ci ipping-Norton. Coldon, Yoikf. in Holde nefs. Coldrey H iits, between Alton and Farnlian). Coldred, Kfnt, near Waldcrfliaie. Cold- rifisb, Cornwall, near Lefkard. Coldstream, a town of Berwickshire. Coil/ //V/Z/Mw, Hants, near Bafingltoke. Cold ff^cltkam, Siiffex. 4 miles from Arun- del. Cole, a river of Wortt-f. and Warw. Cole, Wih.s, ncarWotton B flirt. Colebrook-Dale, on the banks of the Severn, in Shroplliire, is a winding glen between two hills, which break into Various forms, and are covered with woods. Here are very confiderable iron- works, and a large and elegant bridge of call- iron, of Dne arch. There is alio in the Dale a ipring of fofiil tar, or petroleum, together with a fpring of brine j and a work has b'eenerei^ed here for obtaining a kind of lar from the condenfed fmoke of pit-coal. *C0LEBR00K, Monm. near Uik. Colecejler. Northumb. neai- Coibiidge. Coleburn, •Nonhumberl. near Morpeth. Colegrcen Houfe, 2 miles \V. of Hert- ford. Colehall, Eflex, near Ingatcitone. Coleharbour, Surry, SW. of Darking. Colekill. in Longford, Leinfter, 51 miles from Dublin. Colerr.c):'' s -Green, Herts, NE. of No- nian's-Land. Colemero^ Siirwpf. NW. of Wem. Ccle-Park, Wilts, ?>:. of Malmf- kiliy. C«'rpit-Hill,D'drb, S.of Newbiggin. COL *COLERAiN, a town of Dcrry, in UI- fter. It is 4 miles from the fea, on the Ban, which being rapid, it is difficult for vef- fels tocomcupto the town. It is about 25 miles NE. oi Londonderry, and 114 irom Dul)lin. Lat. 55. 10, N. Ion. 6. 57. W. Colerain, in KLing's-Couniy, Leixidert 48 miles from Dublin. Cokjbourn, Little, Glouc. in Withing- ton parifh. Colejhourn, Glouc. 6 miles from Cheltenham. Colejhall, Berks, near Farringdon. '*CoLtsniLL., a fownin Warwickfhire, feated on the afcentof a hill, near the Coin. It is II miles NW. of Coventry, and 102 from Lona^n. Lat. 52. 31. N. Ion. i« 35. W. Market on Wednefday. Colejhill, Hcits, in a part of the coun- ty iniuiated in Bucks, 4 miles W. of Rickmanfworth. Colej^ or Coin, Yoikf. neat Halifax. COLFORD, or COVERD, a town of Gloucciterfhire, 5 miles E. of Monmouth, and I z4 NE. of London. Lar. 51.48. N. Ion. 2. 40. W. Market on Tutfday. Colford. Suffolk, near Bury. Colkam, or Ccllan-Green, Middlefex, near Hayes. CoLlMA, a lea- port of Mechoacan, o», the W. coaft of Mexico, capital of a dif- tri(5l of the fame name, abounding with cattle and orchards of cocoa-trees. It is nearly 200 miles W. of Mexico. Lat. 19. 50. N. Ion. 106. 6. W. ColJtin, Kent, near Feverfham. Collirk, Norf. S. of Fakenham. Collam, Yorkf. E. Riding, S. of Culham, and NW. of Kiliiam. Collaton, Devonf. near the mouth of the Arm. CollatoUi Devonf. near Sid- mouth. Collaton, Devonf. SW. of Chim- leigh. CoLi.E, two towns of Tufcany, ani two of Naples. Colledge, Lane. S. of Manchefttr. Col- hrcotes, Northuml). near Newcaftle. Col- Icrford, Northumb. near Walwick. Col- Urn, Wilts, near Cofliam. Collerton, or Colco-ucrton, Leic. NE. of Afliby-de- la-Zouch. Collcy, Surry, NW. of Rye- gate, Collier, Effex, near Dagcnham. Ccllier-Ro'w, Elfex, near Abery-Hatch. Collier" s-Eiid, Herts, between Ware and Puckeridge. Colligreen, Cornw. SW. of Leftsvithiel. Collingburn-Duke, Wilts, 10 miles from Marlborough. ColU>:gburn- Kingjion, Wilts, SW. of Great Bcdwin. Ccllingbnm, Yorkfhire, near Wetherby. CoUingham, N. and S. Nott. 2 or 5 miles from Newark. CcUingtbivaite, Nott. a hamlet of Cokeney. Collirgicn, Heref. near Whitborn. CoUington, Dorletf. near Beminftcr. CoUingtrougb, 3 miles from Northampton. CoiLiOURE, a fmall fea-fort in the dept. COL dej%t. of tlie Eaftern Pyreneei?, lo miles SE. of Perpignan. Lat. 42. 34. N. ion. 3. 8. E. Collhveflon, Northamp. about 6 miles from Stamford. CoLLON, a neat well-built town in Louth, Lein.fter, 29 miles from Dublin. It has an exceilcin (locking manufaftory, with an ixrsnlive blcach-gieen. Collonstoiun, in W. Meatli, Leinfter. CoUojlock, Upper and Lo^juer. Cornwall, on the borders ot Devonfhirp. CoUo'ville, in Armagh, UUkr. * CoLLUMPTOM, a town of Devonshire, feated on the river Coknnl>, wlych carries on a manufafture of woollen. It is 10 miles N. of Exeter, and 150 W. by S. of London. Lat. 50. 54. N. Ion. 3. 29. W. Market on Saturday. C01.MAR, a large town in the dept. of the Upper Rhine, 35 miles S. by W. of Strafljurg. Lat. 48. 5. N. Ion. 7. 27. E. CoLMARS, a town in the dept. of the Lower Alps, 17 miles NE. of Digne. Lat. 44. 7. N. Ion. 6. 40. E. Calmer e^ Hants, near Barton -Stacy. ColmiKgton, Shropf. nearStanton-Lacy. CoLMOGOROD, Cholmogori, or KoLMOGORi, a town of RuiTia, on an ifland in the Dwina, 28 miles SE. of Archangel. Colrnvcorth, 5 miles from Bedford. Coin, See Coley. Coin, St. Alvjiii's, GIouc. on th« banks of the Coin, 5 miles fiom Lechlade. Coin, St. Dennis, -dnJi Coin- Ro- ' gers, GIouc. 7 miles from Cirenceller. Coin, a river of Herts and Middlefex; another of Eilex, and a third of Gloucsf- ter/hire and Oxfordfhire. CoLNBROOK, a town of Bucks, 18 miles from London, on the B-ith road. Part of the town is in Middlefex. Market on Wedncl'day. CoLNE, a town of Lancafliire, near Pendil-Hill, 36 miles SE. of Lancafter, and 214 NNW. of London. Lat. 53. 50. N. Ion. z. 5. W. Market on Wedneiday. Colne-Earls, and Colne-Engame, Colne- Wake, and Colne White, Eifcx, between Colchefter and Halfted, on the river Coin. Colney, Herts, 3 miles from Si. Albans. Colney, Norf. near Norwich. Colnham, Berks, 2 miles from Abingdon. Coin' head Park, Weftmor. NW. of Kendal. C01.OKITA, a town in the Morea. CoLOCZA, a town of Hungary. Co LOG N A, a town in the Paduan. Cologne, anekiVoral biflicpric, and one of the moft fertile and confidcrable countries of Germany. It lies in the cir- cle of the Lower Rhine, and is divided in- to feveral diltriils by other Hates : the greater part of if, however, is fituatjd on COL the Rhine, between the duchies of Juliers and Berg. It contains yz cities and towns, and produces, befules corn and other ne- ceffanes, excellent wine. The revenues are computed to amount to 130,000!. a year. CoLOGNR, the capital of the elef^orate, is an ancient, large, and confiderable city, feated on the W. bank of the Rhine, by means of which river it trades upwards with the inrerior of Germany, and down- wards by large vefLds with the Nether- lands and Holland. It is a ffee imperial city, and tiiough the eletlor has a palace here, he has not the liberty of Itaying in it many days together, without the con- fent of the citizens, nor is he permitted to come at all with a numerous attendance. The public buildings are numerous j but the ftreets, except the principal ones, are dirty and ill paved, and the houfes app.-ar dark, and are thinly inh-nbited. Oppuilte to the city, on the other fide of the Rhine is the village of Dentz, where there is a flying-bridge of boats over the river, acrofs which a large company of men, horfes, &c. may pals at a time. It is 17 miles 8E. of Juliers, and 45 E. of Mae- ftricht. Lat. 50. 55. N. Ion. 7. 10. E. CoLOMBOTZ, a caftie on a hill, in Bulgaria. CoLOMEY, in Red RufTia, Poland. jCOLONNA, a town in the Campagna di Roma, and a town in Dalmatia. CoLONSA, an ifland on the W. coaft of Scotland, 6 miles long and a broad. It is 8 miles W. of Jura. Coloony, in Sligo, Con naught. CoLOOR, a town and diamond mine near Condavir, in the circar of Guntoor, Hindooftan. CoLORNO, a town in the Parmezan. COLOSVAR. SeeCLAUSENBURG. Colquite, Cornw. NW. of Fowey. Col- rudge, Devonf. SE. of Eggisford. Co/« /hall, Kent, E. of Upchurch. Colfierdale, Yorkf. N. Riding, W. of Mafliam. Col- thorp, Yorkf. E. of Richmond. Colthorp, GIouc. in Standilh parifh. Colt/ball, SufF. near Clare, *COLT S WORT H, or Co LSTER WORTH, Line. 3 miles from Grantham. Colverfore Green, Kent, between Wro- thain rind the Hallings. * CoLUMB Magna, or St. Columb, a tov/n in Cornwall, feated on a hill, at the bottom of which is a river which falls into the fea at a fmall diftance. It is 10 miles W. of Bodmin, and 2:j9 from London. Lat. 50. 30. N. Ion. 5. 10. W. Markets on Monday and Thurlday. Columb-Par-Tja lies near the former. CoLUMEO, a town on the W. fide of the Kland of Ceylon, formerly fubjeft to Li the C O M tfie Dutch, bvit lately taken by the Eng- JjH). Lat. 7. 10. N. Ion. 79. 56. E. Columh-Da-vul, Devon f. on the river Coliinil>, liiui holders of Soinerfetihire, has a coiifiiieralile woollen nianiifafture. Columh John, Dtvonl". S. ot BraJninch. Columl'Jiod; Dcvonf. on the river Columb, between Taun'on ami Tiverton, has a woollen maniifatlnrc. Colui.'iliton. See Ccllumpion. . CoLUMN.\, in the government of Mof- COW. CoLURi, anciently Salamis, an ifland of Greece, and it's chief town, lituated on an excellent harbour. It is 9 miles W. of Athens. Lat. 38. o. N. Ion. 23. 50. E. Cohuall, Heref. between Lidbuiy and the Malvern-HIlls. Colivall, Nortluimb. rear Coal. Col^vayy Dorfetf. NW. of Lyme- Regis. Colvjich, Staff, near Wolf- ley-Eridge. Col'voick, Upper and Lozver, a or 3 liiiies E. of Nottingham. Cohvorth, Siiflex, near Chichtftcr. CoMjorKooM, in Irac Agemi, Perfia. CoMACHio, a lake and town of Italy, jn tlhe Ferrarefe. It's air is unhealtliy. CoMANA, a fea-port and diftrift of Pariaj in Terra Firnia. CowZr, Glouc.nearWotton nnder-Edge. Comb, Cornvv. W. of Fowey. Comb, De- vonf. in the parifh of St. Mary's Ottery. Comby Devonf. E. of Exeter. Comb, De- vonl'. E. of Torringron. Cowi, DevoaC. l^E. of Crediton. Comb, Dorfetf. in Pur- Becic-Ille. Comb, Heref. between Lto- minfter and Prelfayne. Comb, Kent, near Greenwich and Woolwich. Comb, Glouc. in Canipden parifli. Comb, Soirerf. SE. ot B-uh. Comb, and Park, Somerf. N. of Wivcifcomb. Comb, Somerf, near Dul- verton. Comb, Hants, 6 miles NW. of Whitchurch. Comb, Surry, near Croy- don. Comb-Abbas, Dorfetf. near Chil- comb. Comb Abbey, Warw. 3 miles from Coven;iy. Comb-Appledore, Hants, be- tween Bufh-Waltham and Pcterifield. Comb Bqfflt, Wilts, z miles from Salifbu- ry. Comb End, Glouc. in Elkftone parifh. Comber, in Down, Uliter, on a branch of Strangford Lake, Sg miles NE. of Dublin. Comh-Ylory, Somerf. NW. of Bifhop's- Lidiard. Comb Green, Worcef. NE. of Upton. Comb.I-Liy,Sorr,erC, 3 miles S. of Bath. Comb -ill ■'Tene, Devonf. near New- ton- Bufhel. Comb-Kehs, Dorletl". nearE. Lulworth. Comb-Long, Oxforddi. W. of Woodrtock CoMBiMARTiN.atownof Devonfliire, feated on an inlet of the Briftol Channel j here is a cove for the landing of boats. It is 14 miles NF. of Barnfiaple, and iSi from London. Lat. 51. 13. N. lon. 4-. i. VV-. Market en Suturday. ' COM Comb-Nethert Dorfetf. NE.of BrJdpc^t. Comb-Ne'vil, Surry, near Kingfton-npon- Thames. Comb Park, Surry, NE. of Kingfton. Comb-St. Nicholas, Samerfetf. NW. of Chard. Combed, Suffex, in Afti- down-Fore(t. Comberford, Staff, in Wjg- gington parifh. Comberhire, Radn. near Knighton. Combermere, Cliel'. near Con- gleton. Comber/Of re, z Itke in Chef, on tlie borders of Shropfhire. Comberton, 5 miles from Cambridge. Comberton, Great and Little, Worcef. near Ptrfhore. Comber- n.vorth, Line. SE. of AHord. Combnely, a river in Carmarthenfli. Combridge, StafF. SE. of Uttoxeter. Combroke, Warwickf. Combs, Suffolk, near Stowmarket. Combs, Suff. near Shorehiim. Combos-Edge, Dcrb. in the High-Peak, Comh-s-Hoit, Dorfetf. W. of Everfhot. Comb-Temple, Dorfetfh. nearChilcomb. Comb^well, Kent, inGood- hurft parifh. Combivbition, Cumberl. be- tween Newbiggen and the river Eden. Comcar-uon, Monm. E. of Ragland-Caf- tie. Comer, Dorf. in Whitchurch parifh. Comerford, Wilts, near Calne. Comford, Kent, near Berling. CoMiNES, a town in the dept. of the North, feated on the river Lis, 5 miles SW. of Menin. Lat. 50. 45. N. Ion. 3. 10, E. Comley, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Commerch, a river in Brecknockfhirc. CoMMERCY, a town in the dept. of Meufe, feated on the Meufe, 160 miles nearly E. of Paris. Lat. 48. 40. N. loii. S- 37. E. CoMMOTAu, ^or Chomston, a town of Saatz, Bohemia. Co. MO, a town, lake, and diftrift of Milan. The lake is about 5 miles in breadth, and 88 in circumference. The town is lituated on the S. extremity of the lake. Here the younger Pliny was born, who, in \\ i letters, fpt-aks with rapture of the delighful fcenery in the environs of his native tovi'n. His ftatue is placed in a niche on theoutfideof one of the churches, with a Latin infcription, bearing tne date of 1499. The inhabitants have eftablifhed manuf3(floiies of cotton and fllk, and trade with the Grifons. Como is 20 miles N W. of Milan. Lat. 45. 34. N, Ion. 9. 7. E. CoMORA Islands, a clufter of ifland s in the Indian Ocean, lying oppofite the coaft of Z \nguebar, in Africa, N. of the Channel of Mofambiqne, and NW. of Madagafcar. They' are four in number, Johanna or Anjoan, Mayotta, Mahilla, and Comora or Ar.gazija. The mountains are lofty and richly clothed with wood, chiefly fruit-trees ; fine ftreams are nume- rous, and the grafs and trees aie green throughout the year. They produce rice, peas, yams, purilain,<:ocoa-nuts, plantains, oranges. COM ©ranges, lemons, citrons, limes, pine-ap- ples, cucumbers, tamarinds, fugar-canes, and honey. Tlieir animals are buffaloes, goats, tortoil'es, canieleons, large bats, hens, and a great variety of birds unknown in liurope. Tliough Johanna is not the largeft iiland, the Arabs, who have fettled here, exaft tribute from all the others. They are about 3000 in number, profcfs the Mahometan religion, and are fettled on the iea-coall. The original natives, in number about 7000, occupy the hills, and are frequently at war with them, as are alfo the natives of the other IlLinds. In the interior part ofthe iflaud is a lake account- ed facred by the natives ; on this there is a number of ducks, which they hold in ve- neration. Being averfe to conduft Itrangeis there, tliey fti'pulate that all guns (hall be left at a place 5 nales from the lake. The birds being thus kept in fafety, become perfeflly tame, and fearlefsly approach thofe who go to fee thtm. The Arabian part of the iflanders deleft this fuperltition, but dare not forbitl the praftice of it. The .E. India fhips often touch here for refre/li- ments. The people on the coaft fpeak Eng- li/h intelligibly. They preferve the langu- age and manners of Arabia, and are not of fo dark a complexion as the original na- tives. The Comora Illands lie between n and 13 degrees S. lat. and between 44. and 47 E. Ion. COMORIN, a promontory of Afia, the molt foutliern point of the peninfuja of Hindooftan. Lat. 7. 50. N. Ion. 77. 33. E. Co MORA,atownanddiftrici; of Hungary. COMPiKGNE, a town in the dept. of Oife, near an extenfive foreft, at the con- fluence of the Aifne and Oife. It 15 45 miles NE. of Paris. Lat.49.i5.X. ion.i.54.E. CoMPOSTELLA,the capita; of Gaiicia, in Spain, feated in a peninfub., formed by the rivers Tambra and Ulia. It contains about 2000 houfes, beiu'es 14 religious houfes, 12 churches, and an univerfity, which, with the public fquares, are very •magnificent. It is 265 miles NW. of Madrid. Lat. 42. 52. N. Ion. 8. 32. W. COMPOSTtLLA, NuovA, a town of Xalifco, 300 miles WNW. of Mexico, near the Pacific Ocean. Compton, Berks, near Hamfted-Non-is. Compton, Devonf. between Afnburton and Torbay. Compton, Wilts, W. of Ever- ley-Hare- Warren. Co/;2/)/(3/, Hants, W. of Winchefter. Compton, Surry, SW. of Guildford. Compton, Surry, near Farn- ham. Compton, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Compton, Wilts, between Salif- bury and Hindon. Compton, Staff, near Wolverhampton. Compton, Suff. NW. of ChiclKiter, Coinptony Glouc. u) Withing- COM ton parlfli. Compton- Abhas, Dorf. 2 miJes NW. of E. Compton. Compton. Abb as ^ Dorfetf. I mile from Melbury. Compton- Abdal, GIouc. near Hampnet. Compton- £^1/, Wilts, N. of Calne. Compton Beau- chaynp, Berks, W. of the Vale of White- Horli;. Compton-Bijhops , Somerf. NW. ot Axbridge. Compton-CaJJ'ey, Gloucef. near Compton- Abdal. Compton-Da'vid,' So- merf. NE. of Pens ford. Compton-DunUo, Somerf. N. of Somerton. Compton, E. and IV. Durfctf. SW. of Mtibury. Comp- ton, E. and IV. Dorf. E. Compton lies % miles SW. of Frampton. Compton-Grin- field, Gloucel". between Briftol and Ault. Compton- Hall, or Fenny, Warw. 4 miles from Banbury. Compton, Little, Gloucef. 5 miles from Stow. Compton- Long, or Compton in-the Hole, Warw. on tlie bor- ders of Oxf. Compton-Mardock, Warw, z miles from Kington. ComptO)i-Martin, Soinerf, SE.of Wrinton. Compton, Nether and Over, .Dorfetf. between Sherborn and Yeovil. Cotnpton-Fauncefort, Somerfetf. near Sherborn. Compyne, Devonf. near Axmouth. Coljhobn, Line, on the coaft near Stamfleet. Com^juindge, Somerf. on the Parret, below Bridgewater. Comyoy, Monm. near Trewin. Coiiam, Shropl. E. of Ludlow. CoNCAN, a tra6l of country, on theW. coall of Hindooftan, between Bombay and Goa, feparated from the reft of the conti- nent by a ridge of mountains, called the Gauts. It is fubjeft to the Mahrattas, and lies between 16 and 19 deg. N. lat. CoNCARNEAU, a fea-port in the dept. of Finifterre, 12 miles from Quimper. Lat. 47. 46. N. Ion. 4. 2. W. Co.NCHPTiON, a fea-port of Chili. Conception, inVeragua, Mexico. Concordia, a town of Mirandola, and a town of Friuli, Italy. Cond, Shropf. SE. of Condover. CoNDAVlR, in the circar ot Guntoor, Hindooftan, is lituated on a mountain, 26 rnik-s W. of Guntoor, 25 SW.of Conda- pilly.and 20 from tlieS. bankot the Kiftna. CONDE, a town in the dept. ol the North, leated on the Scheldt, 7 miles NE. of Valenciennes, and 117 N. by E. ot" Paris. Lat. 50. 27. N. lori. 3. 39. E. CoNDEja town in the dcpt.ot Calvados, feated on the Noireau, 1 7 miles W. of Fa- Isife, The inhabitants trade in cloth, lea- ther and cutlery. Lat. 48. 50. N. Ion. o. 36. W. CoNDKCEDO, or Point Deugado, a c.ipe in Yucatan, the eaftem point ot the bay of Campeachy. ConJeY, a river In I^anc. Conderton^ Glopc. NE. of Te\vkeft.iury. Condh'Oty Glouc. 3 miles from Stow. L 3 CONPONt, CON Condom, a town in the dept. of Gers, feated on the Baize, 7,2 miles N. of Auch. Lat. 43. 58. N. Ion. o. 30. E. CONDORE, or PULO CONDORE, the principal of a cliifter of iflands, in the In- dian Ocian, which lie about 60 miles S. by E. fioni the mouth of the river C.iniho- dia Mangoe trees grow here as large as apple-trees, and when ripe have a plealant I'mell and talte. The natives are idola- trous ; they are of a fmall ftatnrc, have a dark olive complexioti, flendcr features, and roacl. C'jrk heg, near the mouth of Cork Hirbour ta the SW. Corkley, Northumberland, NK. «f Hex- ham. Gorki hcK/'^, Line. W. of Slcatord. CoRLJS, » town ol Pniflian Pomerania. CoRMANTiN, a town and tort of tlie Dutc!), on the Gold Coalt of Gninta. C0R.M£Ry,a town in the department of Indrc and Loiie, fcated on the Indn;, 7 miles SE. of Tours. ' Lat. 4.7. 23. N. Ion. o. +1. E. Coi'/ibury, Oxfordniire, 5 miles from Woodftock. Ccni.iean, Gloiiceftiirftiire, in Winchcombeparifh. Cor?teley, C'.irnwall, near Tregony. Cornerd, Magna and Pay-ja, Suffolk, near Ncyland. Curner- Hall, Herts, between Hcinel-Hemplhad and Berkhanipftiad. Corntt, i caftle in GuernfKy. ., CORNETO, atovvn inPatrimonIo, orS". Jeter's Patrimony, in the Pope's teni tories. Cflr«,6^;;?/ii'o«, Hainp(hire, NE, of B'.iiTi- W.iltliam. Co;-nljill, Durham. Comix, MIdffl. between Rlflip and Moore- Hall. Cornwall, a county of England, which ibrms the SW. extremity of Great Biitain. It is bounded on the E. by De- Tonihire ; it's other parts arc waflied by the lea. It's length,; from E. to W. is 74. miles ; it's breadth next to Dcvonfliire, is abeiit 4^, but ic ibon contrafis, and is gra- dually narrowed into ilf hmufes : on the SW. it terminates in two promontories, the Lizard Point, and the Land's End. It contains 9 hundreds, and 161 parilhes, be- tween 1100 and 1300 villages, and 27 market towns. Fiom it's vicinity to the i'ea, it is expofed to frequent ftorms, but exempted from hard frofts and great heats, .There is abundance of rainy ar.d foggy weather ; but the inhabitants are Icldom troubled with agues or fevers. The I'pring (hews itCelf in the buds and blof- foms fooner than in the other parts of England; but the harveft is later, and the fruits have lefs flavour than in the midland counties. Here arc fome uncommon plants, and plenty of fea herbs, as camphire, er- ingo, ros foils, Sic. It is welt fituattd for the herring and pilchard fi(heri>;S, and the inhabitants fully avail themfclves of their local advantages. It derives, however, it's chief importance from it's minerals j thefe conlllf of tin and copper. The cop- per mines are numerous and rich in ore, hnall quantities of gold and filver have fometimes been found; but it's tin mines are it's greateftfource of wealth ; for ihefe it has been long famous, and it's coalts have been vifiled by the Phenicians and Gieelts in very .remote antic^uityj tljey COR wtre known feveral centuries before the Chrillian era, and have bed) worked con- stantly ever fmc;;. With the metalline ores are found large quantities of mundic and arlenic ; many forta of ifones are aUo found liLre, particularly ino' rib.ne, which is ulcd both in buildings and for imlUtencs, and wliich, when pohlhed, appears I'plen- did and buautihd; and in the cavernous parts of the rocks are foumi tranfparcHt cryftals, caikd Corniih diamonds, winch are viry hrilliAnt when wtil polifhcd. The principal 1 iveis are the Tamar, Camel, and I^ale. As this county was one of .the places to which the ancient Britons re- treated, the Gaelic or Celtic language was long retained here, and lus become extin^ but very lately. Cor7ii>jaU, Northumberl. near B rwick. Corn-vjocid, DevonHilre, between Bient artd Piymoutii. Cornijuorthy, Drvonlhiic, be- tween Dartmouth and rorbay. COro, a town and gulf of Venezuela, Terra Firn^a. COROMANDEL, THE COAST OF, is the eaftcrn coall of the penmfuia of Hindoo- iian, extending from Cape Cdymere, in lat. 10. 20, to the mouth of the Kiiinah, in lat. near 60. o. N. On this coaft lie Madras, Pondicluriy, Tranqucbar, and other European fa£lories, trcm which chints, calicoes, and muflins, with fome diamonds, are imported into Europe. There is not a port tor la:ge veifels on the whole coall, which is an even, low, and fandy country; and, about Mijdraj*, tjie land rifes fo little, that it is difficult from the fea to mark the diliinftion betweeq land and water, unlefs by the different ob- jefts that are on tiic ihore, CoRON, anciently Messina, a fea-port town and gulf in the Morea, SW. of Mi- f)tra. Coronery, in Civan, Ullfer. Corpujiry, Norfolk, between Aleiliaia and Walfmgham, CoRRi:Gio,a town of Modena. Correther, Cornwall, S- of Leikard. CoRREZE, a river and town of France, in a department of the fame name. TuUe is the capital. fcmwi^iiow.Dorfetftiire, in Puibeck ir.e. CorringUoii, Djrietlhire, in Corlcomb pa- rifli. Corringham, X^incolnlhire, Nfl. of Gainfburougl!. Csrrofm, in Clare, Munfter. Corjcqmb, Dorfetftiire, 3 miles from Be- minller. Corfe, 5 miles from Glouceifer, Corfe-End, Gloucelicrfiiire, a hamlet in Hartpury. CorfenJiJ/, jNorthutnbcilaiid, NW. ot Beltingham. CqhshaMi Of CosuAM, a town [9. Wilts., COS Wilts, noted for it's rr.anutaflure of wool- Jens. It is 4. miles SW. of Cbippenliain, and II NE. of Batli. Market on Wtd. Qorjham, Wilts, near Devizes. Cor- Jbam-Cafiky Shropf. on the river Corve. Corsica, an ifl.^nd in the Mediterra- nean, f.)iining a depart, of France. It is S8 miles in length, and from 20 to 45 in breadth. The air is faluhrious, unlels in a few places. The land is hilly, and poorly cultivated ; the valleys, however, produce wheat, and the hills yitld oranges, olives, figs, vines, almonds, and chefnuts. Here are mines of iron, lead, copper, and slum. They have fpirited horles, and abundance of fi(h and coral on the coaft. Goats at)d fheep are in great plenty. Cows and oxen are tolerably large, but lean. Wild boars are common, as alfo foxts ; and here is the mouffoli, an animal like a flag in fize and colour, but v.'ith the hoins ©fa ram, extremely fhy and nimble. The number of inhabitants is about 160,000. C0R.SIOLA. Sec CORZOLA, Corfley, Wilts, between Warminfter and Bcckington. CoRSOER, a fea-port of Zealand, Den- mark. Corjhn, Wilts, S. of Mahrfbury. CORTE, an inland town of Corfica. Corlington, Wilts, E. of the Deverels. Cortifigton, Suffolk, 3 miles S, of Yar- mouth. Cortington, Suffolk, NW. of Mendlefliam. Cortington- CajUe, Northum- berland, SW. of Alnwick. CoRTis, a town of Liege. Cortony Dorfetf. between Weymouth and porchefter, Carton, Somerf. near Sherborn. C0R.TONA, a town of Tufcany, Cor-ve, a i-ivev in Shropfliire. CoRUNNA, a fea-port of Gallcia, In Spain, at the mouth of the river Groyne. Lat. 43. 18. N. Ion. g. i6. W. CoRVO, the fmalleft and mcft wefterly of the Azores, having about 500 inhabit- anls, who cultivate wheat and feed hogs. Cor-zven, Merionetlifliire, N. Wales. CORYVREKAN, a dangerous vortex or whirlpool, on the W. coaft of Scotland, between Scarba and the N. point of jura. CoRZOLA, an idand iu the Adriatic Sea, near the coaft of Dalmatia. CojBj, Leicefterf. near Sutton. Ccjhy, Yorkf. N. Riding, NW. of Cleveland. Cofcombe, Gloucefterf. in Dibrook parUh. CosENZA, capital of Calabria Citra. Cosford, Warwickfliire, N. of Rugby. Cesford-Graiie, Shroplhire, near Tonge- Caltle. Cofgrwue^ Nurthamptonfliire, near Stony-Stratford. CoJIuitti, Hants, near Portfmouth. CosLiN, a town of Piuflian Pomerania, COS Cofmore, Dorfetlhire, near Buckland- Abbas. Cofnms-Blean, Kent, betwcea Beverley-Park and Shtpfherd's-Bufh. CosNE, a town in the dept. of Nievres anchors tor (hips are forgtd here, and it's cutlery and gloves are in great repute. It is feated at the confluence of the Loire and Noain, 82 miles SE. of Paris. Lat. 47. 23, N. Ion. 3. 6. E. CossACics, a people inhabiting origi- nally tl-.e confines of Poland, RulTia, Tar- tary, and Turkey, between the Jaik and the Dneifter. They are divided into fe veral brancht-s, the Kofakki fa-Porovi, or Coflacks on tlie Borilthenes ; the Kofak- ki-Dorifki, or Coflacks on the Don ; and the Kofakki- Jaiki, which are the wildeftof them all, dwelling in large villages alon£j the banks of the river Ural, or Jaik, nnJ the N. coaft of the Calpian Sea. They are now entirely lubjecl to RufTia, and the- Ukrain, or country of the Coflacks of Bo- rifthenes, is become a government under the name of Ekaterinoflau. The Coffacks are large aiid robuft, have blue eyes, brows hair, and aquiline nofes ; the women are complaifant to ifrangers. Their towns are built of wood, like thofe of the Ruf,. fians. The Ukraine is one continued fer- tile plain, producing corn, pulfe, tobacco, and honey. It's paftures are rich, and the cattle are the largell in Europe. Co£e, Clouccftcrf. between Newent and Tewktfbury; near it \% Cojfe- Court. Cof- fenton, Kent, NW. of Maidftone. CossERANs, a late diftrift of France, lying along the river Satat, and forming, with Foix, the department of Arriege. Cojfey-Hall, NW. of Norwich. CossiMBAZAR,a ftnall city of Bengal, where different European lacfors have con- ftantly refided, it being the centre of theii: trade. It is feated on an iflarid in the ri- ver Koogly, J 10 miles N, of Calcutta, and near MoorrtiLd.ibad. Lat. 23. 40. N. Ion. 88. 36. E. Cqffingion, Lelcef. SE. of Mount-Sorrel. CosTAGNAZZAR, anciently Hemus, a ridge of mountains, in Romania. Costarica, a prov.in the narrowpart of Mexico, on the SE. between Veragua and Mofquitos, extending from fea to Jca, The foil is ill cultivated, but there is plenty of cattle, hides, honey, and wax, . The natives live moftly independent of the Spaniards. Carthage is the capital. CoJIlet's Bridge, in Down, Ulller. Ccj}cn, Lcic. near Buckminfter. CoJicHf Norf. NW, of Windham. Copn, Wore, near King's-Norton. Cojjcn, Shropf. near Didlefbury. Cojlon, Somerl'. between Bath and Briitoi. Cojiotv, or Cojl-jjay, a rivtr wrhicU c o r whlcli falls into the Dervvent, Copivjn, Cornw;i]l, N. of Clowant. CoTEUs, or CoTuirz, a town in Lower Lufafia, feinted on the rivtr Spree, fiibjt-ift to tlie king of PrufTia. A great number of French and Bohemian Proteft- ants, driven from their country by perfc. cution, fettled here, and have introduced their manufuclures ; it is alfo noted for pitch, flax, and excellent beer. It is 56 miles S. by E. of Berlin. Lat. 31. 36. N. Ion. 14. 12. E. Cote. Oxforcifliire, SE. of Bampton. Cote d"Or, a depf. of France, con- taining put of tlie late province of Burf gundy. Dijon is the capifil. Cote Hill, Cainb. in Wctherall parlfh. Cote-Houfe, Yorki". N. of New Tvlalton, Cotes, Line, nenr Strttton. Cotes, Yorkf. 12 miles from Doncafter. Cotrs, Leicef. near LoiighTiorcugh. Cotes, Nottingham- •fliire, in S. Leveiton parifli. Cotes du Nord, n dept. of France, fo named horn it's northerly maritime po- sition. It is formed of part of the ci-de- vant Bretagne. St. Brieux is the capital. CoTiGNAC, a town in the department of Var, on the river Argens, noted for it's fvveetmeats. Coief-voU- Hills, a long trafl of high ground in the E. part of Glouc.^ noted for large flocks of fneep, with fleeces of fin^e white wool J a great part of it, howevei;, is now devoted to the growth of corn. Cate--ival!~To~ver, Nortlnimbe!-]. 6 miles NW. of Rothbury, Coiham, Durh. near Yarum. Cothajn, Lane, in Amounder- nefs. C5//!'^»j, Nott. S. of Newark. Co- tham, Nott, near Cote^. Cothnm, Yorkf. S. Riding, near Kilham. Cotham, E. nnd U^. Yorkf. near the mouth of the Tees. Cothnm- Abkfy, Line. W. of Grimfljy. Co- tktlejhn, or Cothurfion, Sjinerf. between Taunton and Stokegoir.er. Cutheridge. near Worcefter. Cothy, a river in Carmarthenf. CotUigh, Devonl., N. of Honiton. Ccton, Derbyf. in Lullington parifh. Caton, SufF. rear MendlciTinm. Colon, r miles from Cambridge. C'o/ov, \V'arw. near Rugby. CottclEr.d, Staff, in Sedgeky parifh. Cot- tel Hall, Lincolnfliire, SW. of Burton. Cottenhum, 6 miles from Cambi-idge. Cottt Thorough, in Cork, Munlfer. Cottered, Heitf. (tands on a hill, W. of B\intingford. Cotterjiock, Northamp. N. of Oundle. Cottejlich, Leicef. near Lut- terworth. CottrJiTQok, Northamp. S. of Nafeby. Cottesflnt, Weftm. N. of Run- thwait. Cottesford, 0\i. E. of Dedding- ton. Cottefmore, Rntl. near Stamford. Cotiiiigham, Yorkf. near Hull. Cotti/rg- ham, Northamp. W. of Rockirgham-Fo- C O V reft. Cottingley, Yorkf. N. of Bradford. CottitigTinth, E. and JV. on each fide of the Dervvent, 7 miles from York. Cotton^ Staff". N. of Rugeiey. Cotton, Chcfti, E. of Middlewich. Cotton, Leicef. W. of Market-Bofworth. Cotton, Norf. between Norwich and Dereham. Cotton, Shropfi near Hodiiet. Cotton, Shropf. between Shrevvn)ury and Olweftry. Cotton, Suff. near Finningham. Cotton-End, W. of Northampton. Cot-walton, Staff, near Stone. CovARf), Glouc. Market on Tucltiay, Couch-Hill, Oxfordfliire, near Bnnbviry. CoucY, a town in the dept. of Aifne, 9 miles nearly N. of SoiflTons. Lat. 49. 30. N. Ion. 3. 24. E. Co^e, a village on Great Ifland, iir Cork, Mwnfter. See Cork Harhour. ■ Coi'e, Hants, between Alderrtio-^ and Blackwater. Cove-North, Sufi-". SE. of Bf-ckles. Co'ue-South, SufF. W. of Cove- hith. Co'vehitb, SufF. N. of Southwold. Coven, Staff. SE. of Brewood. Co^eney^ Cambridgefliire, in the ifle of Ely. Co- 'vtnham, Lincolnfliire, W. of Saltfleet. *Cov£NTRy, a large and populoii* ■tity of Warwickfhire, noted chiefly for it's manufai^lures of filk ribands, as aUb of cloths, fluffs, thread, gauzes, camlets, and laffings. It has c6inmunication by •canals with the many difTerent inland na- vigations, and with the Thames. Tire ftory of Leofric, enrl of Mercia, and lord ©f this place, heavily taxing the citizens, and only remitting them at the entreaty of Godina, his wife, on condition of her rid- ing naked through the city, which he thought (he would never fubinit to ; but 'which, it is faid, flie performed with her long hair fo difpofed as almoft wholly to 'cover her body, js commemorated till this day, by the figure of a man peej/ing down into the ftreetfrom one of the houfes. On that extraordinary' occafion, all the doors and windows were fluit, and Camden fays, that nobody looked after her. The tradi- tion, however, is, that one would needs be peeping, and that he was thereupon ftruck blind. The inhabitants celebrate this event by the exhibition of a mock procelTion annually. Coventry is 91 miles N\V. of London.' Lat. 51. 38. N. Ion. i-. 2S. W. Market on Friday. Cover, a liver in Yorkfirire. Coverham, or Corham, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, near Middleham. Co-ve-iucldf ■Stiir. S. of Leonard's-Foi-eR. Coughnm, Si. A>iJre-vs and St. Mary's, Nort. SE. ofCaftle Rifing. Coughton, Warwickfliire, N. of -Aulcelfer. Coiigkton, Hcrefcrdflure, S. ofKofs. Covington, Huntingdon/hire, W. of Kimboltou. COVLAN, c o u CouLAN, or QuiLON, z Country of Travancore, on the coaft of Malabar, the inhabitancs of which are generally Gcntoos, with foaie Chriftians of Sf. Thomas. The capital is of the fame name, where the Dutch have a fcttlement. Lat, 8. 30. N. Ion. 76. 37. E. Coulhy, or Cqolby, Line, near Boothby. C'julhy, or Coolhy, Line, near Wiiuering- ha'm. Coulby, or Coolhy, Weftnior. W. of Ap]>Ieby. Could Ajlon, Gloucef, near Sro\v-ir,-the-Woukl. Coulney-, or Foulney, Yorkf. a river which falls into the Oule. Cotdjiy, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Newbig- gin. Coulfdon, Surry, near Croydon. Couljhfi, Noif. SW. of Watton. Coul- jlon, Wilts, between Weftbury and La- vington. Coidj}on-Bq[fet, Nott. S. of Bingliam. Coidton, Lunc. near the river Folfe. Coidton, S'afF. N. of Rugeley. Coidton, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Having- ham. Coidton, Yorkf. N'W. of AppletoB. Coulyclare, in Clare, Munfter. Conndale, or Co'verdale, Yorkfhire, N. Riding, a foreft near Midlam. Coundon, Warwickl". N. of Coventry, Counjhury, Devonf. W, of Portlock. CountiJ}ho7-p^ Lecween Leicelter and Lutterworth. CovoRDEN, the capital of Drent, Overyfiel. CouRLAND, Duchy of, is bounded en the N.. by the gulf of Riga and part of - Livonia; on the W. by the Baltic; and on the E. and S. by Ruffia and Poland. It is divided into Courland Proper and Se- inigallia, and is 250 miles long and 4.0 broad. The country fwells into gentle hills, and is fertile in corn, hemp, and flax. It is moftlyopen; but in fome parts cover- ed with forefts ot pine and fir, and groves of oak, with much underwood. In the woods are l)ears, wolves, and elks. The villages arc neat, and the inns have good accommodations. Mittau is the capital. This country is now a province of Riiilia. Courjhorn, Kent, in Cranbrook parifli. Court, Cornwall, E. of Grampound. Court - and -Coragheen, in Limerick, Munfter. Court- Ferry, 6 miles from Li- merick, and 100 from Dublin. Courterd'all, S. of Northampton. Court- field, Wilts, near Weftbury. Court- Lodge, Kent, SW. of Rocheftei-. , Court Mac Sherry, in Cork, Munfter, near a bay that aftbrds great plenty and variety of fi(h. COURTRAY, or CORTRYCK, in the dept. of the North, feated on the river Lys, 12 miles nearly E. of Ypres. It is noted for it's manufactures of woollen clojhs, diaper and damalk table linen. I..a*t, 50, 50. N, Ion. 3, 40, E, COW COUTANCES, a fea-port in the dept. of the Channel, 20 miles nearly N. of Avran- ches, and 40 S. of Cherbouj-g. Lat. 4.9. 3, N. Ion. I. 23. W. Couthorpe, Line, x miles S. of Louth. COUTRAS, a large town in the dept. of Gironde, at the confluence of tiie llle and Dronne, 20 miles NE, of Bourdeaux. Lat. 44.. 58. N. Ion. o. 3. W. CoT-f-'arn, Great and Little, Hereford f. SW. of Bromyard. Coivbach, or Colbacbf Shropfhire, near Bifhop's-Calile. Co-vj- berky, Gloucefterfhire, SE. ot Cheltenham. Cowbet, Lincolnlhire, near Spalding. Co-wlorn. Yorkfhire, SE. of Richmond. CovvB RIDGE, a town of Glamorgan- rtilre. The Itretts are broad and paved, and the Eafter quarter- felfions for the county are held here. It ftanJs low, in a fertile foil near the fea, and has a well fup- plicd market. It is 12 miles W. of Car- diff, and 176 of London. Lat. 51. 32. N. Ion. 3. 33. W. Market on Tuefday. Coivcomb, Gloucef. in Hampton parifli. Coi.'.-dale, D^i'byf. in the High Peak. Coxu- den, Kent, SW. of Penflitrft. Con^den, Dorfetf. N. of Charminfter. Coucdhamt Kentr between Wefterham and PauTs- Cray. Co-zvding, SufT. on the coafl near Pevenfey. Cozvdridge, Hants, SW. of Bifliop'sWaitham. Cozvdry, SufTex, near Midhurft. Convetty a river in C:u-marthenf, CovvES, East and West, a fea-port on the N. coaft of the Ifle of Wight, S miles SW. of Portfmouth. Lat. 50. 46, N. Ion. 1. 15. W. Co-juey-Stakes, Surry, near Lalam, the place whci eJiiliusCasiir palTed theThames. 6'(7qy/'on/,Suir.betweenHorfham and Wood - mancoat. Cov.'gcrih, Weftm. near Wi- nandermere; it is an old feat, with ancient trees about it, the bougiis of one of which fpread out to fuch an extent, that leveral hundreds of perlons might find fhelter un- der it ; ia the belt room there is a curi- oufly carved chimney-piece, and two fculls have been kept in this place from time immemorial. It has been laid, that they are the fculls of a couple that were mur- dered here, and thatthefe bones have been thrown into the lake, buried, broken to pieces, ^c. fuccefTively, hut that ilill they return, and that the people of the houie cannot get quit of them The writer of this liowever, remembers, when a youth, having helped to demolifli one of thent, already broken, and brought off a part of it, which, to a certainty, never retunjed. Coz'jgrot'e, Dorktf. near Kingfton-Hall. Coivhill, or Co'vuell, Glouce)'. in Thorn- ,bury parifh. Co^ivhcufe, Yorklhiie, W. Riding, mar RarafgiU, Cciv Homborn, Glouci!. C R A Gloiicef. 4. miles from Evefliam. CaxtvV^, Yorkf. W. Riding, nem Snaith. Co'tvick, Devonl'. 1 n»ile hom Ex- ttr. Convley, Deibyf. in Sc iiidalf. CouAcy, Gloucef. NE. of Biikclcy. Cowley, Gloircc!. near Birdlin-Hills. Cowley, Middi. SE. of Uxbrldge. Cowley, Heief. on the borders of Worcefttrf. Cotvlry, Stall'. NW. of Penkridge. Coivlcy, Worcel". N. of Mai- . ▼crn-Ciiafe. Cowley, Yorkl'. W. Riding, near Thorncliff. Cowley, Devon Ih ire, near Exeter. Cowlin Begins, and Rogers, Gloucef both near Noithleacli. Cowley- ^emple, Oxfordf. Cowling, Kent, SE. of Cliff, below Gravefcnd. Coivling^ SufF. 6 miles SE. of Newmarket. Coi.vlingheud, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Btdal. CowlJ- born, Glouc. near Cliedworth. Cowlne, St. Edwin s, Glouceftcrf. N. of Fairford. Cotvlow, Derbyf. in the High Peak. CowoplandbeLk brig, Weftmorl. between Standford-Moor and Ormfide-Hall. Coiv- flin, Northumb. near Langton. Cowpot:, Northumb. between J^ewcaftle and New- biggin. Cowpon, Durham, near Holm. Coivsjield, Wilts, between Downeton and Stockbridge. Cowpiill, Norf. near Ba- conthorp, Cowthorp. Oxf. near Banbury. Cowthorpe, Yorkf". NW. of Barnttley. Cowton-Long, N. and S. Y .rkf. NW. of Northallerton. Coxall, Heref. near Lan- terdine. Coxden, Dorfetl". N. of Axmin- fiiv. Coxheath, Ketit, S. of Maidllone. Coxwell, Great and Little, Berks, SW. of Faii-ingdon. Coxwold, Yorkihire, SE. of Thulk. Coyd- Kernewi, Monm. SW. of Newport- Haven. C!?>';;i,Glamorganl'.nearAbcrav.ort. CozuMEL, an ifland of Mexico, near the E. coaft of Yucatan, poiTeflkl by the original natives. It is 4.0 miles long, and from 3 to 14 wide, and abounds with fruits, pulf'e, cattle, and fowls. Crabhet, SuflT. 3 miles W. of E. Grin- ftead. Crab-HalL NW. of Ch-fter. Cracatoa, the Ibuthernmoft of a groupe cf iflands in the entrance of the Straits of Simda. It is covered with trees, exceut wiiere the natives have cleared it for their rice-fields. It's coral reefs afford fmall turtle in abundance. It's water is excellent, and on the S. end is a higii peak- td hill. Lat. S. 6. S. Ion. 105. 36. E. Crackjord, L-.'.ncafhire, becween Cartmel and U voifton. Crackington, Cornwall, N. ol OUerham. CkACOW, formerly the capital of Po- land, and no V capital of a palatinate of It e Ihn.e name, '\i firuated on the \ illula, wliicii is broad and fliuUow. The city and fuburbs occvipy a vart trail: of ground, yet contain fcarctly 16,000 inhabitants. C R A The great fquire is fpacious and well built; the houfes were 'nee richly fur- nifhed and well inhabited, but are now either untenanted, or in a ftaie of decay. Many of the flreets are fpacious and hund- fome ; but aimoft every building b-Mrs the marks of ruined grandeur. Tlie regalia were preferved liere, and in the cathedial moft of the fovereigns of Poland have been interred. They were aUb crowned here for nearly five centuries. It has an uni- verfity, now mucii decayed . It is 1 30 mile* SSW. of Warfaw. Lat. 50. 8. N. Ion. 20. i6. E. Crudcndine, Camb. i mile from Ely. Cradlcy, Herefordl". between Afton-Bcau- champ and Cowley. Cradley, Shrcpf. and partly in Wore, near Hales Owen. Cragb--well-Bridge, in Galway, Con- nan^ht. Craigbnlly, in Antrim, Ulftcr. Crntgtown, in Tyron':, UKter. Crail, a town In Fifeftiire. Craineurg, a town and mountain of Carniola. Craijler., Northumb. S. of Dunftaburgh- Caltle. Cr<7/^?, Yorkf. near Northallerton. Crake-Hall, Yorkf. near Bedal. Crahe- ftierfi, Staff. Crakenthorp, Weftm. near Appleby. CrakonXi, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Settle. Craline, Northumb. Cram- bin, between York and New Malton. Crambourn, Hants, near Surton. Cram- lingtOH, Northumberland. Cr AMMO ND Water, or the Almond^ a river of Edinburghfliire. It's fertile banks are adorned with villages and coun- try-feats. Cranage, Cheflnre, near Brereton. * Cranbourn, a town of Dorletfhire, well watered witli (treams. Tiie chale ex- tends aimoft to Salifbury. It is 38 miles NE. of Dorchefter, and 94. SW. of Lon- don. Market on Thurlday. *Cranbrook, a large town in Kent, 1 3 miles SE. of Maidlfone, and 50 SE. of London. Lat. 51. 4. N. Ion. o. 39. E, Market on Saturday. Crandon, Long, Bucks, on the Tame. Crancjford, Suffolk, near Framlingham, Cranejley, Northamp. SW. of Kettering. Cranejireet, Huncing. near Hitchinbrook. CranfeU, Bedf. 6 miles NW. of Ampl- hill. Cranford, Dorletf. between Win- born-Miuller and Blandford. Cranford^ Northamp. between Kettering and Thrap- lion. Cranforth, near Lancaiter, Cranganore, a town of Cochin, on the coaft of Malabar, with an irregnlar fortrefs built by the Portuguef'e. It was lately fubjefl to the Dutch, and is 24. miles N. by W. of Cochin, Lat. 10. 23. N. len, 75. 5«. E. Crankantt C R E Cranham, near Gloucefter. 'Cranham- Uall, Efftx, near Horiichiircli. Cranhlli, Berks, near Chuiley, Cranky, Surry, S miles from Dorking. Craumer, Somerl". near Whatley. Crannonjo, Leic. 2 miles NE. ot H)rl)orough. Cran^vick, Norf. between Brandon-Ferry and Svvaft"hani. Cranxvcrth, Norf. 2 miles VV. of Hing- hain. Crojlhole, or Craftjhole, Cornwall, between Miibrooke and Lowe. Crafivell, Hereforcifhire, near Kav. Crateloiv, in Clare, Miinfter. Cratf.eLi; Suffolk, near Halefworth. Cratkorn, Yorkfliire, near Yarn in. Crato, in Ponugucfe Eli:ramadiira. . Cra'veny York!', a ifony traft about the fource of the river Are. Cra^osn^ fome hills in the N. of Staffordrtiire. Craven- Hill, Middl. W. of Paddington. Cra^v- crack, Durh. between Bywell Caflle and Newcaftie. Crawdundal'e-lViiith, Weftm. near Whclp-Caftle. Cra^hurjl, Sviflex, NW. of Haliings. Cravjle, SulT. W. of Penhurft. CrazvLy, Bedf. N. of Wobiirn. Cra-vjley, Hants, iiearStockbridge. Craiu- ley, Si:fl". 6 miles E. by N. of- Hcr/hain. Craxvlcj, or Craglo'J-', a river in JDerbyf. Crai-vjion, Leic. VV. of Hallaton. Crazv- ' Jlon, Northiinih. N£. of Alnwick. Cray, a rivdr in E;ecknockl'. Cray, a river m Kent, which falls into the Djrent below Dartford. Crayford, has a niarket on Tuefday ; Cray, Foot's ; Cr^y, St. Mary's, has a market on Wednefday j Cray, North, and Crny, Pauls, Kent ; places all on or iie.ir the river Cray, or Croucli. .(.reack, Yorkf. N. Riding, in the forelt of Gallres. Crcack, N. and S. Norf. Cream-Hall, Middl. near liiington. Crecofnb, Dtvonl", between Bampton and Chimleigh. CuECY, a village inthi$depr. of Somnne, 10 miles N. of Abbeville. It is famous for a great victory obtained over tlie French l»y Edward IIL Aupi<(J a6lh, 1346. Credal, Dorfetlhire, aear Alderfhof. Credan HEAD,andBAV, atthemouth of Waterford Harbour, Muafter. CreJenkill, Heief. 1 mile from Ken- chelter. CredJy, a rivet" in Civonfliiie, falling into the Ex near Exeter. Creditor, or Kirton, a town in Dcvonfhire, feated between 1 bills, on the river Creddy. It has a confiderable ma- rnfaiture of ferges, and is 9 miles NW. of Exeter, and i3i VV. by N. of London. Lat.50.4.9.N. lon,3..45.W. Market on Sat. • Creech, E. and IF. Grange and Barroiu, Dorii^tfhire, in Purbeck I/le. Creech, St. Mickaci's, Somerietf. NE. of Taunton. Creed, Cornwall, SW. of Grampcund, Creedy, Devonfhire, N. of Crcditon. Cretly, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Qr€eta~Mtt^ » f?a-port of.KUkcudbrightr C R E fliire, on the E. fide of Wigtovrn Bnr. Creggs, in Galway, Connaug-ht. Cre-' gan, in King's County, Leinrtcr. Creiff, a town of Pertdiire. It's an- nual fair for cattle is ono of the gieateft in Scotland. It is feated 00 the river Earn, 20 miles W. of Perth, Crexl, a town in the dcpt. of Olfe, feated oh the river Oife, 6 miles NW. of Senlis. Lar. 4.9. iS. N.'lon. 2. 43. E. Crcilege, Nott. near Rnfford. Crekct^ ivay, Dorlctfiiire, N. of Weymontli. CiiEMA, the capital of Cremafco, a fer- ritory of Venice, inftilated in the Tvlilanefe., It is well built, populous, and connnerciat, Lar. 4j. 25. N, Kin. 9. 50. E. Cremiku, a town in thedept. of Ifere, iS milcS E. of Lyons, and i from the Riione, Lat. 46. s'. N. Ion. 5. 2^. E. Cremnitz, a town in Upper Hungary, famous for it's lilver mines. Lat. 4st cz N. Ion. ig. 6. E. ^ Cremona, the capital of the Cremu- nele, a territory of Milan. The princi- pal (hcets are broad and ftraight, anj there are fome fmail fqnares. The conn- try al)out it is fertile, producing wine, fruits, honey, flax, Sec. Here is an nni- verl;ty, of no great celebrity, it is feated on the Oglio, near the Po, 30 miles NW. of Parma. Lat. 45. 8. N. Ion. 10, 7.E. CitPMPE, a town of Hoirtein. Cre SCENTING, a tosvn of the V^rcel- lois, Piedmont. Crefden^YoikC. 1 1 miles fromDoncafter, Crespy, a town in the department of Oii'e, 12 miles S. of Compeigne. Lat. 49. 10. N. ion. 2. 55. E. CreJ.-Jl, EUex, 3 miles W. of Waldren. CreJtJgc, Shropf. SW, of Wrekin-HiH. Cre fling, Elfex, near Braintree. Creffing^ ram, Lane, in Loynldale. Cre£ingham, Great and Utile, Norf. 3 miles from Wat- ton. CreJJlngham-Temfle, Eflcx, near the White and Black Notleys. Crefslovj^ Bucks, in the Vale of Aylefbury. Crefs- I'.'fH, StatFordniire, in Sandon manor, Cressy. See CrecY. Crest, a town m the dept. of Drome, on the river Drome, 15 miles SE. of Va- lence, Lat. 44. 40. N. Ion. 5. 10. E. Crcfivell, Derb. near Hoi beck. Cre~ thigham, Suff. SE. of Dcbenham. Cre. tings, Sufi. SE. of Stow. Cretingji/ury^ Himt. rear Great and Little Stou'f:;hton. Cretan, LIncolnf. near Bitham. Cretan ^ miles from Northampton. Crevecoeur, a town in the dept. of the North, on the Scheldt, 5 milts S. of Cambray. Lat. 50. 6. N. Ion. 3. 20, £. Creuse, a dept. of France, fo named from a uvpf that falls into the Vienne. Gucret is. the principal t«wn. Crsutznack, C R I Creutznacm, a town in tlie prtlati- natc, in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Lat. 49. 44.. N. Ion. 7. 55. K. Crexv, Che(hire> on the river Walwan. Creiv, Chef, on the Dee, NW. of Maipas. Crcivenbale, Warw, near Henley. *Cre\vk,i;rne, a town of Somerfelili. fciited on a branch of the Parret, on tlie confines of D.-rfetfliire. It is ij2 miles W. hy S. of London. Lat. 50. 50. N. Ion. 3. o. VV. Market on Satinday. (y'uh, Derbyl. between Alfieton and Wirklworth. Crkhill. Somerf. SW. of Frome- Sol wood. Crichill- More, ^nd Crkh- ill, Great, Doilet/h. near Wichamptoji. iykhill, Long, Dorfetf, near Mirechuich. Crichill, Link, Dorfftl". near Sr. Giles's- Winborn. Crick, Monm. SW.of Chep- ftow. Crick, Northamp. SE. of Davcn- try. Crkkct, Shropf. SVV. of EUel'mere. Crkket-Malherb, Somerf. near Ilmintlcr. Lricket-Tkomas, Somerf. E. of Chard. Crickhowel, a town of Brecknock- fhire, feated on the river Ufk, i 3 miles E. by S. of Biecknock. Lat. 5r.49.N. Ion. 3'. 7. W. Market on Thurfday. CricicL'ADE, a town of Wilts, feated on the Thames, and the Tfinmes and Se- vern Canal now comes up to the town. It is 25 miles SW. of Oxford, and 83 W. cf London. Lat.5x.40. N. Ion. 1.50. W. Market on Saturday. Crickky, near Glouceffei". Cricklieth, Carnarvonfliire. Mar- ket on WedneliLiay. Crickfiy, Eflex, near Walfleet. Crig- mere,CMnvi. NW. of Padftow. CrtJnble- Pajjhge, is the ferry, for man and horfe, over the lower part of the Hamoaze, from Pevonfhire into Cornwall. Crimea, orCRiM Tartary, a penin- fula of Alia, bounded on the N. by part of the diliriiSl of Taurida, (a divifion of the Rufl'ian government of Ekaterinoflay,) and on the other parts by the Black Sea and the Sea of Afoph. It is divided into two paits by mountains which run E. and W. The N. diviilon is lit for pafturage only j in theS. part the valleys are remarkably fer- tile, and the climate extremely mild. The lower hills, extending from Theodofia to the E. extremity of the country, are prin- cipally ufed in gardening, and produce ex- cellent fruit. The Tartar inhabitants are el^imatcd at 70,000. Achmetfted was made the. capftal in 1785. Befides the ports of Kerth and Jenikaie, the road of CafFa, and the harbour of Balnclava, there is, near Sebaftapol, one of the moll capa- cious and fecure harbours in the world. This country is in fome maps called Tau- rica, from it's having be«;a the iiucicnt Taurica Cherfonefus, C R O Crimptejham, Norf. E. of Dowijham. Crin^lJorJ, ncir Norwich. Cripton, Dor- i'eil. near Came, E. of Monkton. Crtftle- tor, and Crifslclon Kotu, near Cliclter. Crijji-Hgham- Magna, Norf. 5 miles S. of SwafHi'un. 6y/x/'«//,Kent,nKarWingham. Crongb-Burgejs, in Limerick, Munfler. Crcagh-l'atruk,z high mountain in Mayo, Connaught. Croatia, acovlntry of Europe, bound- ed on the N. by Hungary; on the E. and SE. by Hungary and Sclavonia ; on the b. by Sclavonia and Boiniaj and on the W. by Morlachia. The Auftrian Croatia is about 130 miles in length, and from 40 -to 60 in breadth. Tuikifh Croatia is about 40 miles long and 20 wide. Crocadon, Cornwall, N. of Trematon- Caltle. Crock, a river near Chtfter, Crockern-Tor, Devonf. a hill in Dartmore- Foreff, where is held a court of Ifannaries. Crockor's Moor, Dorfetfli. in Corfcomb parifti. Crockerton, Wilts, near Warmin- fter, Crockham-Bear, Somerf. near Curry- Mallet. Crockham-Pill, Somerfetf. on the Avon, below Briffol. Crockham-Studley, Somerfetf. near Stokegomer. CrockUfordy Eflex, near Colcheffer. Crockloiv, North- umber'. E. of Woller. Crockfdon- Abbey ^ Staff. NW. of Uttoxeter. Crock/led, Suf- lex, near Waldern. Crockiuay, Dorfetf. in the parifh of Maiden-Newton. Croft- Caftle,\itXK:\'. NW. of Leominfter. Croft^ Leic. E. of Hinckley. Crofton, Cumb. S. of Orton. Crofton, Lane, below Bi'pham. Crofton, Shropf.- S. of Didlefbury. Crc/- ton, Hants, SW. of Fareham. Crofton^ Yorkf. near Wakefield. Crofton- Hacket^ Wore, near King"s-Norton. Crofton, St* Suff. SE. of FlixtoM. Croghan, in Rofcommon, Connaught. Croglin, Cumb. E. of Armanthwait. Croja, a town cf Albania, anciently tile reiidence of the Albanian kings, and ufed by the famous Scandcrburg as a for- trefs and place of arms, in his enterprifes againit the Turks. Croke, Wcltmorland, W. of Kendal. Croke, Yorkf. near RichmoHd. Crcke- Dak, Cumb. near Wigton. Crcke-Hailf near Durh.am. on the Wear. Crokenivell, Devonfliire, N. of Teignton. Crokham, Hants, NE. of Odiham. Cromack- Water, a romantic lake of Cumber], on the Cocker, between Butter- mere and Lowes- Water. It is 4 miles in length, neaily half a mile in breadth, in fome places very deep, and contains 3 lit- tle ifiands, one of which is a rock. Crofnal- Abbots, Gioucef. near A£ton. Croma'-LigoKs, Gioucef. between Glou- Cciivr and Briltol. Ckomarty, a fertile, well-cultivated county D A~ L D A L D. DAEUL, a town and harbour of Hin- dooftan, on the coaft of Concan, 75 miles nearly S. of Bombay. Lat. 1 8. o. N. Ion. 72. 4.',. E. Dacca, a city of Bengal, in the E. quarter, on a branch of the Ganges, which has a ready communication with all the other channels of that river, and the Bur- rampoottr. It is the third city of Bengal in extent and population. It has large manufa(5lorics of the fined mullins and filks, and coiton is produced within the province. The country round Dacca, ly- ing low, is covered with perpetual ver- dure during th.e dry montiis, and is not fubjc6l to I'uch violent heats as Moonlie- dabad, Patna, and other places. It is 130 ' miles NE. of Calcutta. Lat. 23. 43. N. Jon. 90. 30. E. Dachau, ia the duchy and circle of Bavaria. Dachstein, a town in the dept. of the Lower Rhine. Lat. 4.3. 35. N. Ion. 7. 45-E. Dacor Cajlle, Cumb. at the confluence of the Dacor anJ the Eden. Daccnmbe, Devonf. near the Kefwclls. Dadlington, Leic. NW. of Hinckley. Dakar, or Dalfar., a fea port of Hadramaut ; and a town of Yemen, both in Arabia. Dagenkam, ElTcx, on the Thames, 9 inilcs trom London. Daghestan, a mountainous tra^f of Afia, W. of the Cafpian Sea, N. of Schir- van, and NE. of Georgia. It is inhabited by Tartars, iubjett to Rufila, and in- cluded in the government of Caucai'«s. Dagho, an ifl^nd of Rulfia, in the Baltic, on the NW. coatt ot Livonia. DagUngworthy G'ouc. 3 miles NW. of Cirencelter, - Dagno, capital of Ducagini, Albania. Dag-i'jcrth, Suffolk. NW. of Stow. Dahl, the finelt river ot S-vedtu. Daho.my, a country of Guinea, E. of the Slave-Coaft, and 70 miles from the fea, called alfo Fouin. Ti>e capital is Abomey. Dailesford, Wore. N. of Adelilhorp, Gloucelterfliire. Daile-To^v?i, Yoiki. SE. of Thii/k. Dalaca, or Dahhlak, nn ifland in the Red Sea, in about the 16th deg. of N. lat. Dala-Cafile, Northumb. near Whit- chefter. Dalaly-Caflle, Shrop(h. NE. of Wrekin-Hill. Dalbmy, W. of Derby. Dalhj, Line, N. of SpiUby. DaU>j, Yorkf, SW. of New Malton. Dnlhy, Starom^, Leic. SW. of Melton-Mowbray. Dalby^ Parva, Leic. near Stopplrfon'. Dally- on the-Woidcfs, Leic. DaUen, Durh. near Eaiington. Dale. Y^, o'i Ddhy. Daleborg, the capital of Dalia. Dalecari.ia, a river and province of Sweden, near Norway. The latter is 175 miles in length, near 100 at it's great- eft breadth, and is furroundcd by Helfing- land, Ge'.fricia, Weftmanland, Werme- land, and Norway. It is mountainous, and abounds in mines of copper and iron, fome of which are- of a prodigious dcptij. The in-hahitants are a plain, har.iy, war- like race. The principal produdions are corn, wood, and iiemp. Dale-Mnhi, Cumb. near Dacor- Caftle. Dale-Garthy Cumb. near Eikdale. Dal~ hafn, SutTolk, near Newmarket. Dalia, a province of W. Gothland, between the ^^'■enner Lake and the go- vernment of Bilius. Dalhigho, Suff. near Wickham. Da- lin-Grig, Suflcx, W. of Aihdoun-Foieft. DnlingtoH; Suflex, between it's Forcft and Battel. Dalington, 'W . of Northampton. Dalkeith, a town in Mid-Lothian, 6 miles SE. of Edinburgh. Lat. 55. 54. N. Ion. 2. 59 W. Dalkey, a village on the S. fide of Dub- lin-Bay, about 7 miles from the city. Near it is Dalkey-Ifland, a fertile fpct of 18 acres, in ihc channel, between which and the main land, (hips of the greatelt burthen may lafciy ride at anchor, in S fathoms water at the lowelt tides. DaUliigton, Nott. near Normanton. Dalmatia, a province of Europe, bounded on the N. and NW. by Bofnia and Croatia; on .the E. by Servia; ajid on the S. and W. by the Ahi.uic. Spa- latro is the capital of the p:ut lately held by the Venetians ; Herzegovina, of that part by the Tmks ; and Raeufa is the capital of the republic of the lame name. It abounds in corn, wine, oil, and cattle ; it's mountains contain valuable minerals, and it's rivers are generally navigable. The part held by the Venetians has been lately annexed to the dominions of the Houle of Au/fria., Djljhn, Cumb. S. of CarliHe. Dalton, a town in Lancafhire, feat- ed on the Ipring-hcad of a river, in a champaign country, near the Dudden- Sinds. Jt is 16 miles NW. of Lancaftcr, and 273 NNW. of London. Lat. 54. 9. N. ion. 3. 18. W. Market on Saturday. Dnlton, Vorkfti. near Barnard- Ca ft ie. M 3 Dahon, DAM Dalton, YoxVS. near Hiithcrsfield. Dnl- ton, Yoikdi. iicii Doncallcr. pnltoit, Yoikf. N. Riding, rear Topcliff. Dnl- ton, Dorletl. 8 miles tVoinPcol. Dalton, N. and S. York!'. nearPocklin^'on. Dal- 'Lvood, nt-nr Dorclieflcr. Dalnvood, Duilrtf. •J miles fioiii Srucklaiid. Daiivood, De- Vunl'. W. of Axminlier. Daly J -Bridge, in Civan, Ulfter. Dam, a town of Groningen, on tl.e ri- ver Damllcr. Dam, a town of Prnffian Pomerania, Dam AR, a town of Onmn ; and a town of Yeiiun ; both in Arabia. Damascus, now calUd Sham, a very ancient city of Syria, and the cnpital ot a pachalic, is built in the form of an oblong fqiiare. Streams of water lun acrofs the plain of DamaCcus, which fertilize the jxnidens, fupply the public fountains, and run into every houfe. The caravanfaras have long galleries, fupported by marble pillars, furrounding a large court. The private houl'es, which are built of wood, have their fronts inwards, incloling a court, and preftiiting a dead v/all to the flreets, although oil en richly adorned within. The caftle is like a little town, liaving It's own rtrcets and houfes. The niofqiJes are fuperb and numerous. The l^n.iit,iu Ibcet, which runs acrofs the city and Itiburbs in a direft line, has fliops on each fide, where all forts of inerchandife are I'old. The gardens and orchards ex- tend feveral miles round, and are embel- lifhtd with fummer-houfts, turrets, foun- tains, cafcades, and ftreams of water. A manufaftory of cutlery is carried on here. Dnmafcus (lands on the river Barida, in a very fertile plain, and contains about 80,000 inhabitants, of whom 15,000 are Chiiftians. It is iiz miles NNE. of Je- rufnlcm. Lat. 33. 45. N- Ion. 37. o. E. Damaun, a fea-port of the Paiftiwah, Hii-dooltan, fubjeft to the Portuguefe. It is lituated at the E. entrance of the Gulf of Cambay, 50 miles S, of Surat. Lat. 20. 20. N. Ion. yz. 4.8. E. Dambea, an extenfive- lake of Abyf- fmii, containing many fertile illands, and abundance of fiili and river-horfes. It is 300 miles from the fource of the Nile; the country of Dambea, on the N. of the lake, being flat, is fubjeft to inundations. Damerham, Wilts, on the borders of Dorletfliire. Damietta, a fea-port of Egypt, on one of the ealfern mouths of the Nile. The number of inhabitants is about 15,000 ; they manufafture fine linen of all colours. It is a place of great trade, and is 84. miles NNE. of Cairo. DAN Damiano, St. in Montferrat, Italy,' Damme, a town NW. of Bruges. Damme. See Dam. Dancali. See DoNOAti. Danhury, tlfi-x, on a hill 5 miles E. of Chclm:"" '1; it's ipire ferves as a lea- mark. Danby, Yurkl. N. Riding, be- tween Cl'-veland and B lack m^ir-Foi elf. Danhy,\„^V.<;. N. Ridii,g, NE. of Mid- lam. Danhy upon-Wip:. Y rkfliiie, near Norlhrtllerton. Dancer^ s-Hill, Middlelex, W. of EnfitldCliaii'. Dane, a river in Chefiiirt. Dune-Court Ken', in Chilham pnilHi. Dane End, ' r Dane Street End, Herts, S. ot the Waldens. Dane Fur- long, Herts, near Hexton. Dane- Inch, Chef. SE. of Congltton. Daneyohn, Kent, near Camcrbury. Danes Bank, Yorkf. W, Riding, near Temple Bi ewer. Danes-Moor, Northamp. 3 miles NE. of Banbuiy. Dancer, Isles of, three iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Com- modore Byron, in June, 1765. They are very populous, but iurrounded with dan- gerous rocks* Lat. 10. 15. S. Ion. 169. 28. VV. Dangon, in Cork, Munfter. Daniels, Herts, near Sandon. Danneberg, a town and diftrlfl of Lunenburg, in Lower Saxony, fubjedt to Hanover. Dan7iy, SufT. SW, of Dichling. Dan- /o«, Kent, SE. of Welland. Dantkorf, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Dantijh, Dorfetf. E. of the Vale of Wnite-Hart. Dantrey, Hunt. E. of 'Whitticfcy Meer. Dantfey, Wilis, near Malmfbury. Dantzick, a large and rich commer- cial town in Prufljan Pomerania, with a fine harbour, and an univcrfity. The houfes are 6 or 7 Ifories high, and the gra- naries, containing vaft quantities of corn and naval ftores, to which the fhips lie clofc, are (HII higher. It is reckoned to contain 200,000 inhabitants, tITough there died of the plague, in 1709, above 30,000 ptrfons. It is now i'uhjeft to the king of Pruflia, having been annexed to his domi- nions in 1793. It is fcatcd on the weftern bank of the Viftula, about 4. miles from the Baltic, 68 miles WSW. of Konigf- burg, and 160 NW. by N. of Warfaw. Lat. 54. 22. N. Ion. 18. 38. E. Danube, anciently the Ister, a ri- ver of Europe, riling in, and running through, the circle of Suabia, palTmg by Ulm, then through Bav;uia and Auitria, palling by Ratilbon, PalVau, and Vienna: it then enters Hungary, pafling on to Prt>n>urg, Buda. and Belgrade, after which it divides Bulgai'ia from Morlachia and D A R and Moldavia, falling into the Black Sea, by feveial channels, in the province of Bsf- fcrabia. It begins to be navigable for boats at Ulm ; receives fevcral large rivers as it pafTcs along ; is fo deep between Biida and Belgrade, that the Turks and their enemies have had men of war on it ; yet there are catarafts on it, both above and below Buda, which prevent its being navi- gable either way in that part. Danyan, in Roiironnnon, Connaughf. Darby-H'ejl, Lancal. NE. of Liverpool. Darda, a town of Lower Hungary. Dardanelles, two callles, (builL by Mahomat IV. in 165H) one on each fide of the Strait ot' Gallipoli, anciently the Hel- leipont, between the Archipelago and the Sea o; Mai morn. The Itrait is 33 miles long i in the broaddt part it is a mile and a half acrofs, and in the narrowelt half a mile. At the entrance, wliere guarded by the csft'es, it is abou; two miles o\-tv. DarJijloivn- Bridge, in Meath, Leinfter, 19 miles from Diioiin. Darelj, Ciuniire, near Olton. Darai, Ha mar a, a town ol Fez. Darent, Kent, on the river Darcnt, or Darwent; between the days and Gravel- end. Dares- Hall, Northumberland, SW. of Eland -Hall. Darfeld, Yorkfhire, be- tween Barnelley and Doncaiter. Dargle, a romantic vale, or glen, in the county of Wi:klow, about 10 miles from Dublin. The lohy mountains on each fide are clothed with trees down to the edge of the river, which noifily tumbles jiom rock to rock in the bottom, forming many calcades ; and the viev.'s from the eminences are grand and beautiful. Darien, an ilthmus, or narrow country which joins N. and S. America, having the Atlantic on the NE. and the Pacific on the SW. It extends about 360 miles in length, and from 4S to 135 in breadth. It is generally conddered as a province of Terra Firma, though it feems to be a part of N. America, and is of great im- portance to the Spaniards, as the wealth of Peru is brought annually to Panama and Porto BcUo, and thence exported to Eu- rope. Here are many high mountains, and the low grounds are frequently over- flowed with the heavy rains. The natives build their houfes vvitli hurdles plaillered over with earth, and have plantations along the banks of the rivers. They hang rings and plates of filver from their nofes, and beads, fiiells, &c. from their necks.' The girls pick and ipin cotton, and the women weave it; and tne men tabricate very neat baskets with canes, reeds, or palmetto- ieavci dyed ot I'ivcral colours. Pylygauiy D A R 13 allowed among them : they are fond of dancing to the found of a pipe anJ drum, and reckon their time by moons. Darien's-Bridge, in Cavan, Ulfter. *Darking, a town of Surry, on the river Mole, noted for corn and fowls. It is 23 miles SW. of London. Lat. 51. 17. N. Ion. o. i+. W. Market on Sa- turday. Darlajlon, Shropftiire, nearPrees, D^r- lajhn, Staff, near Stone. Darhjlon, StaiF. W. of Trent, near Stone. Darleton, Not- tinghainf. NE. of Tuxford. Darley, near Derby. Darley, YorkI'. W. Riding, NW. of Ripley. Darley- Abbey, N. of Derby. Darlty Hall, D-.rbyl. SE. of Bakewdl. Darljhn, or Daljlon, Middl. in Hackney. *Darlington, a neat, thriving town in the county i>i Duriiam, on the river Skerne, which falls into the Tees, 3 or 4. miles below the town. It ftands on tiie great roail from London to Edinbiiigh, and has a weekly market, well lupplied with corn and provifions ; and once a fort- night, throughout the year, there is a fair for horned cattle, flieep, &c. except in January and Febsuary. It is noted for it's nianufacfures of huckabacks 10 quarters wide, diapers, and ilutfa. A curious wa- ter machine for giinding optical glailes, and another for fpinning linen-yani, have been invented and erefted here. Darling- ton is 18 miles S. of Durham, and 236 N. by W. of London. Lat. 54. 32. N. Ion. I . i !;. W. Market on Monday. Darmstadt, the capital of the land- graviate of Heffe Darmttadt, in the circle of the Upper Rhine. It has a conliltory, a criminal couit, a college, &c. It is feated on a river of the fame name, i ?> miles ESE. of Mcnt. Lat. 4.9. 43. N. Ion. 8. 14. E. Darnall, Chtfhire,SW. of MidJlewicb. Darnbroke, Yorkfliire, W. Riding, near Pennygcnt-Hill. Darnall, a river inRad- iiorflurc. Darnford, Wdts, N. of Old Sarum. Darr!>ig[o>2, Yvrki, W. Ridino-, near Wenthridgc. DayjJiam, Suffolk, W. of Dunwich. Dartingion, Devonfhire, N. of Totnefs. *Dartf0Rd, a town in Kent, feated on the Darent, near it's influx into the Thames. It is 7 miles W. of Graveri.nd, and 16 E. by S. of London. Lat, 51.25. N. Ion. o, 16. E. Market on Saturday. •Dartmouth, a town of Devonfliire, with a haven capalileof fhelreiing 500 fail of fhjps. It is ilated on the declivity of a hill, at the mouih of the Dart; which ri- ver, rifing ai the foot of Danmoor hills, (an exteniive mooriili tra6t, reeding great iiunibers ol black cattk,} und after pafTing U 4- Totnefj, D A U Tolnefs, where it is navigable fcr fmall vclLl.s, is joii-.t-d by the Harcborn, kvcn miles above it's fall into Diitmont!) Ha- ven. D.ntmoiiih his a coiiddtrablc trade to Italy, Spain, Poitiigal, S:c.an>.l to New- foundland, as well as a ihare in the coaft- ing traffick. It is 30 niiits nearly S. of Exeter, and 104 W. by S. oi London. Lat. 50. 22. N. Ion. 3. 4.5. W. Market on Friday. ' Dai-ro'M, or Ya^^ro^v, a river in Lancaf. Da'loii, Yorkf. near Barneile) . Darvel, SuiTex, near Battel. Durum H-^ooci, SuiVtx, NW. ot'Battel. Dartven Cots, Durham, in Chopwell manor. DarivarJes, ElTex, NW.oiBraintree, Dar-vuen-Ck^peLDci- byftiire, in the High-Peak. Dariven- Chapel, Lancafliire, SE. of Blackburn. Dassen-Eyland, or Deer-Island, one of the three fmall iflands lying between the Cape of Good Hope and Saldanha- Bay, (b called from the great number of deer, wiiich werefirft brought here in 1601. Here are alfo flieep, whole tails vvcigli 15 pounds apiece. Lat. 33. 25. S. Ion. 17. 56. E. Dnjet-Anjon, or Far'va:^ and Dajfct- Burtoii, or Magna, Warw. E. of Edge- Hill. Dcf/iel, ov Dojihill^Warw. btrtwt^en Holt and the river Tame. Datchet, Biick- inghamniire, nearWindlbr. Datck^vorlh^ Herts, between Ware and Stevenage. Dat- fordy Bucks, in Stow parifh. Dauderhy, JLincolnl", S. of Horncaille. Da'vcnham, Chefhire, 2 miles S. of Northwich. Da- )ait of Coromandel, 80 miles S. of Madras. Lat, 12. 5. N. Ion. So. 55, E. Davidjio'to, Coruw. NE. of Camelrord. Davij' Straits, an arm of. the lea, feparatiiig Greenland from Labradcre, and other })urrs of N. America. It was dif- covered by Captain Davis in 1585, Dr-Uitr/ig, Someifttfhire, between Cram- mrr and Shipton Mallet. Daultsn, Ditr- J»amj S W. of Hartlepool. D E A Dai^n, a town of S'iria. DAUriilNY, a ci-divant province of Frai-ce, now forming the departments of* Drome, TIae, :ind Upper Alps. Du-vi/iyjon. Kent, 1 mile from Fever, fliam. /)fl'i'.;/^-, Middlcfex, near D;aytoii and Hounfiow, ' Daivley, Grent and Z,/.'- //f, Shrop. SE. of WitKin'-Hdl. Dar- ling Ftnld, Noitolk, S. of Cockihorp. Da'Luling IVnod, Norfolk, NW. of C^fton. Daidifi, S'.-merletniirc, SE. ■ f Ihninfter. Da-iulijh, Dcvonfliirf,betwc'.n Toib.ay an>l Star-Crols. DaivLon, Northumberl. be- tween Ht>;ham ar.d Morpeth. Danvney- Court, Berks, near Eton-Wich. Daiju's'- Grecn, Surry, near Darking. Daivton, Yorkfhiie, N. Riding, near Eriholm. Dax. S.e AcQ^. Dajc, St. Cornwall, W. of Truro. Dead, a river in Pcnihiokefhire. Dead- man's Head, a cape in Coiinvall, between St. Maw's and Fowey. Dead Sea, or Lake Asphaltites, in Palcliine, abounding in bitumen ; it contains no verdure on it's hanks, nor fifn in it's waters. The caufe which deprives it of vegetable aiuf animal life, is the ex-* treme faltncls and lidphureoufnefs of the water. It is not true, however, that it'sex- halationsdcdroy birds flying over it. Frag- ments of fulphur and bitumen are found along the fhore. The Jordan runs into it, without any vifibledifcharge for it's waters. *Deal, a lea-port in Kent. Here are about 1000 houfes, and +500 inhabitants, who are chiefly lupported t>y the refort of mariners hiiirer from the Downs. It is 7 miles S. by E. of Sandwich, and 72 E. by S. of London. Lat. 51. 13. N. Ion. i. 29. E. Mnket on Thurlday. De.'vn,' Great Dean, or Mitcuel Dean-, a town of Glonceftcrfhire, in the Fortii of Dean, 11 miles W. of GlouccU ter, and 1 12 WSW. of London. Lat. 51. 50. N. Ion. 2. 31. E- The forcft com- prehends that pait of the county which lies between the Severn and the /hires of Mon- mouth and Hereford. It contains 4 mar- ket tov.'ns and 23 pari/hes, is fertile in pailure and till'-igc, produces fine oaks, abounds in orchards, and has rich min^^ of iron and coal. A few fulitary deer ffill run wild in its rtcelTes. Market on Monda^)'. Dean, Little, Gloucef. 3 miles SE. of Great Dean. Dean, a river of Leic. and Nott. running into the Trent at Newark. Dtan, Cumberl. 3 miles SW. of Cocker- moutii. Dean, Hamplliire, E. of Overton.. Dean, Hants, at the entrance of Portf. mouth Harbour. Dean, K':nt, near Chal- lock. Dean, Kent, near Wingham. Dean, Lar.c.- W. of Bolton. Dean, Middl. in R}flip. C R O county of Scotland, compreliending part ot a peninfula on tlie fouth coaft of the Frith, to which it gives name. On the S. and \V. it is bounded by Rofsfhire; and on the E. by the Frith ot Murray. It is iz miics long from E. to W. and about 3 miles in it'sgreateft breadth. It's capital, Cromarty, has a man\)f;is. C R O It is IS miles W. of Feterfburg, The number of inhabitants is about 6000, Lat. 59. 58. N. Ion. 29. 56. E. Cronstat, or Brassau, in Traiv- fylvaiiia. CrooKkam-Hill, York/hire, near Don- caftcr. Crookhaven, a fea-port of Cork, Munfter, 2 leagues NW. of Cape-Clear. Crooijlon, Higher and Lo-vjer, Dorfeif. I mile b. of Maiden-Norton. Crook's "Tovin, in Cork, Munfter. Croome, Yorkf. between Kilham and New Maiton. Cropbili, or Crop-zvell-Bi/loJit and Cropix-ell Butler, Nott. between Bing- ham and Stanton. Cropredj, Oxf. 3 miles from Banbury. Cropjlon, Leic. SW. of Mount- Sorrel. Croptkom, Wore, between Perfliore and Eveftiam. Cropton, Yorkf. N. Riding, NE. of Kirkby-xMorefide. Crojhy, Great and Little, Lane, near Li- verpool, Crojhj, Cumb, between Work- ington and Soiway-Frith. Crojly, Cumb, SW. of Brampton. Cro/by, Line. SW. of Burton-Stather. Crojty-G arret, Weft- mor. W. of Kirkby-Ste%'en. Crojhy-Ra- 'venfivorth, Weftmorland, SE. of Shap. Croscomb, Sonjerfetfti. near Wells j fome cloth is made here, but the chief manvjfaclurc is that of ituckiugs. Market on Tuefday. Crofrake, Weftmorl. E. of Can river, below KendaL Crofenjide, Northumb. S. of Otterburn. Crojhall, Lnnc. near Ormf- kirk. Crojland, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Almondbury. Crofmere, Shropf. NW. of Wem. Crofs, in Armagh, Uliler. Crsfs, in Cavan, Ulfter. Crofs, St. Hants, near Winchefter, a rich hofpital for decayed gentlemen. Crofs-a Keel, in Meath, Leiniter, 54. miles from Dablin. Crofs Brook, Herts, near Waltbam- Crofs. Crofsdony, in Cavan, Ulfter. Crofj'tley, Herts, near Cadiiobury. Crossen, a town and duchy of the New Marche,Brandenburg,Upper Saxony. Crofs Fells, a ridge of mountains in the E. of Cumberland. Crofs-Ferry, in Derry, Ulfter, 119 miles from Dublin. Crofs-Haven, a creek on the W. fide of Cork- Harbour. Crofs If and, one of the Copland-Ides. Crofs-Keys, in Kild.-.re, Leinfter, 10 miles from Dublin. Crofs-Kcys, in Meath, Leinfter, 37 miles from Dublin. Crofsmolyna, in Mayo, Connaught. Crofs-Roads, in Carlow, Leinfter. Crofs-Roads, in Cavan, Ulfter, 50 miles from Dublin. Crofs-Roads, in Cavan, Ulfter, ucaf Ficu'UCC-Couit. M Crofs- C R U Crcfs RoaJs, in Monaghan, Ulfter. Cra/f- Rcads, in Down, Ullicr. Crojhrmond, VVJimor. S. of Ponrith, neai Ulles -V/atfi-. (7ro/?/;w«/r, Wcltnioil. NW. of Kendnl. Crojiivick, Norf. E. of N. W;il/haiii. Crojltuaite, Cuinb. the pa- riHi wherein KclWirk Itiimls. Crotona, in Calabria Ultra, Naples. Crouch Bav, Kfl'cx, nrar W;ilrt tt, famous for it's oyfters. It contaiiis lour little iflanils. Croughton, Clicf. on t]ie canal between the Dee aiui Merfey. Crouqhton, Noith- amp. NW. of Brackley. Croivan, C.orn- wail, 3 miles N. of Heltfon. Croiuckfelil, Herts, N. of nemel-Hempncil. Cro~j.\i- Hill, Hants, W. of Bifhops-Wnliham. Cro-ivdon, Camb. E. of tlie Tlatltys. CroTvel, Oxf. 2 miles NW. of Stoken- church. Croi-ufichi, Suffolk, NW of Ipf- wich. (.':-o-ivi>oroi/gh, SulTex. Cro~tVComb, Somerf. 8 miles N. of Taunton. Croiv- herjl, SulTex, near Battel. Crowlanu, a town of Lincolnfhire, floated in the Fens, and approachable only by narrow canfeways. It has three ftreets feparatcd from each other by wattr-courfes, wliol'e banks are fupported by piles, and fet with willow trees. Th.e chief trade is in fifti and wild-fowl, which are in great plenty in the atljacent pools and marflics. It is II miks N.ot Peterborough, and 93 N. by W. of London. Lar. 5i-4i.N. Ion. o. I a. W, Market on Siturday. Crorwle, Line, in the Ifls cf Axholm. Crovjle, 4. miles E. of Worcefter. Croiv- iry, Bucks, NE. of Ncwpoit. Crci.un- Key, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Crii.us- Hah, Suffolk, 1 mile SE. of Deiienhnm. Crc^M'^s-NfJiy near Worcriler. Crc-wtt- ttorfe, Norf. near W'ymondliain. (.'ro-zv- tc;:. Chef. W. of Northwich. Crox/>y, JLincolnlh. ntar Thoii^caifer. CroxJahr, JDurh. on the Wear, oppofite Bianfpeth. Lroxhall, Deibyf. 7 miles uom Lichfield. Croxlhn, Hants, W'. of Whiichurch. ■Crcxtutk,'LAv.c. N. of LivfrpGol. Crcx- Icn^ Norf. neiii- Thetford- Crcxton, Noi i'. SE. of Walfingiiam. Croxtoih C mib. ■2. miles E. of St. Ncots. L'roxton, Chef. JN. of Middlewich. Croxto//, Line. NE. »f Glandforc'-Bridge. Croxfon- Al>!^cy, StafFordf. near Checkley. Crox'.oitKynel, Leieef. NIC. of Saltby. CroxWi South, Lincolnfhire, SW. ot Afliby-Folville, * CROYno^;, a town in Surry, in a low fituation, near the fourceof tiie Wandel, 9 miles S. of London. Lat. 51. ao. N. Ion. o. I. W. Market on Saturday. Croyi.an'd. See Crowi.and. Cruch-End, Middl. beL^\een Highgate and Hoinfev. iJruckl'arrsvj-UHIt a mile cue from Worcefter. Cruck-Mele and Cfuck- lon, Shropf. SW. of Shiewfbnry. Crud- 'Lveil, Wilts, W. of Crirklade. C>u?,ili>i, in Antrim, UKkr. drumfu'd, Lane, near Clietham. Crufri' 'ivell, Nott. N. of Newark. Crumivell, Yorkf. E. of Halifax. Crumivell, Dt vnf. near Plymouth. CrKwd'^;'/, K<:nt,ncar Wyc. Crundel, Hants, E. of Odiliam. Crujbcen, in Clare, Munlter. Cruiiim, Nonhumb. in Wolier lordfliip. Cruivy'j-Morchard, Devon!'. W. oi Ti- verton, Cryde, Devonfhire, between Sr. Ann's-Chapti and Ilfracomb. CryJieUf Warwickfhire, in Stonely parifti. Cuba, or Alcuba, in Alentejo. Cur.A, a Wc(f-India ifland, near the ', entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, about 700 miles in length and 87 in bieadih, held by the Spaniards. Round the coalt ' are many convenient hai hours ; and Icvc- ral forts of mines among the mountains. Here are large forefts abounding witli game, and extenfive paftuies, which teed large flocks and herds of (heep and hogs, originally brought from Europe, and which now run wild. The hills run through the illand from E. to W. and from thefe fall many rivulets, which run to the N. and S. The land is generally level near the coaft. The produce is that of fugar-canes, ginger, caflia, wild cinna- mon, and excellent tobacco, called by the Spaniards cigarros. Here are cedar-trees fo large, that canoes made of them will hold 50 men. Havannah is the capital, where the g-alleons rendezvous that return annually to Spain. Cubagua, an ifland near the coaft of Cumana, Terra Firma. Cuban, a river of RufHan Tarfary, which rifes in Mount Caucafus, and run- ning NW. empties itfelf, by two mouths, into the Sea of Afoph and the Black Sea. Cuban, or Cuban Tartary, a country of Ada, 3. of the river Don, and E. of the Sea of Aibph, lubjeit to the Ruffians. Jt is now part of the diftrid of Taurida, Cubherley, Glouc. 4. miles from Chel- tenham. ' Cubbington, near Warwick. Cuhhy, Derbyf. 6 miles S. of Aihburn. Cubhy, Cornw. near Trcgony. Cukley, Derbyf. between Boylfton and Rawlton. Cublitigfon, Bucks, near Whitchurch. Cuckamjley-Hill, Berks, SE. of Wantage. Cuckerton, Glonc. near Tetbury. Cuc:J a cowu of Angus. M '1 QURACOA, c u s CURS^OA, a W. [iidiri iflnnd, fuhji-ft to the Dutch, 25 miles in length and la in breadth. Tlic princii);*! town is ot the fame name, and ha« a good harbour. The principal ailiclcs of cuninitice are fngar and fkins, and the inlnbitants have long carried on :i linugjling trade with the Spaniards. Lat. ir..6.N. Ion. 68. 20. W. Curleal, Cornw. near Plymouth- Dock. Curhear, D'-rb. in the High-Peak. Cur- boroin}, Staff. NE. of Lichfield. CuRDisTAN, a country of Afia, part of the ancient Aflyria, between Afiatic Turkey and Perfia. The inhabitants are a mixture of Chriftians artd Mahometans ; and, like ^he Arabs, partly live in towns and villages, and partly rove about with tents, fubfifting- chiefly by plunder. They are called Curds, and are not fubjeft to either the Turks or Perfians. Curdley, L:mcaf. W. of Warrington. Curd=wo'rth, Warw. near Water-Oi ton. Curia-Maria, an ifland on the SE. coart of Arabia. Lat. 17.20.N. Ion. 55. sf. E. Curidgey Berks, near Chevely. Curragb, an extenfive common of fine land in Kildare, Leinlter, about 30 miles from Dublin. Curi-agha, in Meaih, Lein- fter. Curraghi-egland, in Coik, Munlter. Curragbmore, in Waterford, Munfter, + miles SE. of Carrick. Curra?:, in Derry, Ulfter. Currcuis, in Kerry, Munfter. Curras and Maim, in Cork, Munfter. Citrr'Hon, Devonf. SE. of Lifton. Cur- rji Cornw. between Helfton and the Liz- ard-Point. Curry, Eajl, Somerf. i mile from L-ngport. Curry, Weji, Somerfetf. W. of Curry Revel. Curryglafs, in Coik, Munfter. Curry Mallet, SomcrC. N. of Abbot's- Lelgh. Curry-Re-vel, Soni. iiearLangport. Cur 7.0 LA, an ifland lately cf Venice, on the coaft of Dalinatia. CuzoLARi, five fmull rocky iftands, E. of Cephalonia. Cusco, a large city of Peru, former- ly the refkieiice of the Incas. It is built in a fcpiare form, and in it's centre is the beft market in all Spanifli' America. Four large ftreets, perleiSlly ftraight, meet iri the fquare, and ftreams of water run through the town. The number of the in- habitants is about 50.000, of which three- fourth.s are of ihe original Americans.- It is 290 miles SE. of Lima. Lat, 13. 9. S. Ion, 71. c. W. c z o Ciijher, a liver of Down, Ulfter. Cufop, a river of Heref. Cujfe-Hall, Eliex, NW. of Heningham-Sible. Cu.ssE'r,a town in the dept. of Allier, 25 miK-s nearly S. of Moulins. Lat. 4-6. 17. N. Ion. -,. 33. E. CuJJlngton, Somerl. NE. of Bridgewater. Cujlock, Somerf. on the coalt, near Wcf- ton-upon Moor. CusTRiN, in the New Marche, Bran- denburg. C;//^w(j)7^, Cornw. near Columb-Magna. CuTATis, the principal town of Imi- retta. CUTCH, a territory of Hindooftan, fi- tuated along the E. branch of the Indus, and the N. coaft ot the Gulf of Cutch, and, bounded on the N. by Agirnere. It is over- run with hills, woods, and fandy wilds, and is governed by a rajah ot it's own. The chief town is Boodge-Boodgft. Cutcofnh, Somerf. het\veen Dulverton and Miochcad. Cuthhcrt, Cornw. SW. of Little ColuTib. Cuttayle, Cornw. W. of Taviftock. Cuttefdean, or Culfdean, Worceftei ftiire, furrounded by Gloucefter- ^ fliire. Cuttejden, GIouc. between Mor- ton-in-Marfti and Winchcoimb. Cuxhaniy Oxf. E. of Dorchefter. , Cyprus, an ifiand in the Mediterra- ; nean, between the coaft of Syria and that t of Caraniania, fubjeft to the Turks. The foil is fertile, and there are numerous fprings, but no rivers. The exports of ( the ifland are fiik, cotton, wool, wine, ' nntmc-gs, turpentine, kenr.es, opium, co- Joquintida, fait, urnbcr, and green earth. Nicofia and Famagufta are the principal places. CzASLAU, a town and circle of Bohe- mia. In the church of the former is the tomb of Zilca, the celebrated general of the Huflites. CzENSTOCHOW, in Cracovia, Poland. CzERCASSi, a town in the Ukraine. CzERNiCK, orCziRNiTZ, atown of C'arniola, in the circle of Auftria. Here is a trafl of land, 15 miles in length -and 5 in breadth, which in fummer produces excellent grafs and corn, but in winter is ovei flowed, yields fi(h, and is called the Czirnitzer Sea, It is 28 miles SE. of Laubach. Lat. 46. 6. N. Ion. 15. o. E. CzERSKO.a town of Maflbvia, Poland* CzoNGRODT, a town and territoiy of Hungary. DABUt, D I A of Wilts, feated on an eminence. It has a miiuifaSlvire of lerges, and other wool- len ftuffs ; the mailing and brewing bufi- nefs is carried on pretty extenfivtly, and the niaiket is abundantly fupplicd with corn, wool, hcM-fcs, and all Torts of cattle. It is 2+ mile' NW. of SalKbury, and 89 W. of London. Lat. 51. zo. N. Ion. a. z. W. Markets on Monday and Thurlday. Di'vizes-fHck, Wilts, near Deviyes. De-vniJIi-lJlaiid, in Lough-Erne, % miles from Eimllkiliin, in Fcrmanaghj UlRer. DevoK, a turbulent river of Perthfhire. Devonshire, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Cornwall, on the N. by the Briftol Channel, on the E. by Somerfetfhiie and DorKtfnire, and on the S. by the Englilh Channel. In extent it is the fecond county in England, being 69 miles long from N. to S. and 60 broad from E. to W. It is divided into 33 hun- dreds, containing 38 market towns and 394. parillies. The air is mild and heaUh- ful, and the foil remarkably fertile, except on the mountains and moors. On the coaft is found a peculiarly rich fand, of fmgular fervice to the hufbandmcn, as it renders the mod barren parts fertile, and, as it were, impregnates the glebe. Fruit trees abound here, particularly apples, of which great quantities of cyder are made, and taken to fea, being found very ferviceable in hot climates. In the SW. parts are great quantities of marble, and in many places marble rocks are found to be the balis of the high roads. The fea-coafts abound in herrings, pilchards, and other fall-water fifh. The principal rivers are the Tamur, Ex, Teigne, Touridge, and Dart, DeuxPonts, a dilhi6t and it's capi- tal, in the palatinate of the Rhine, circle ot the Lower Rhine. Deuuch'.irch, Great and Little, Heref. SW. of Aconbury. Devjes, Effcx, near Chigwell. Deivlas, Htref. between Gol- den-Vale and Monm. Dezvli/Ji, or De-ve- lijb, Dorfeti. on a river oi the fame name, near Sturminfter. Deivloe, Cornw. near E. and W. Loe. Denvjhury, Yorkf. at the foot of a hill W. of Wakefield. De'tv- fion, Monm. between Llanvair and Caldi- cot. Deivfivell, S. of Hereford. Dex- horo, Devonfhirc, N. of Houlfworthy. DiARBECK, or DiARBEKiR, part of the ancient Mclopotamia, a province of Tur- key, in Afia, between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. In it's capital, Diarbe- kir, a large town on the Tigris, the Chrift- ians are above 20,000 in number. Here is a confiderable manufafture of red Tur- kejr UathsT; and of lintR and ud cotton D I G cloths. It is 1 JO miles NE; of Aleppo. Lat, 37. 18. N. Ion. 39. 4-0. E. DH'den, fee Deepden. Dichborn, Nor- thumb. W. of the Carltons. Dhhbridge, Wilts, between Chippenham and Bath, Dich iiW, Northumb. in Wolicr lordlhip. Diche Marjh, Yoikf, W, Riding, between the livers Don and Aire, Dich Hampton, Wiltr;, between Wilton and Burcomb. Dichiat, Someri'. W. of Bruton. Dichlejj Oxf. 4 miles N W. of Woodltock. Dich. ling, Suif, 6 miles NW. rf Lewes. Dic^ kleborough, Norf. near Dii's. Dicklejlon^ Gl&ucel. in Alderton parifh. Didbrook, Glouc. 3 miles from Winchcombe. Did- dejbury, Lane, near Manchefter. Did- difigooii, Huntf. near Bu5:den. Didding- ton, Warw. a hamlet of Hampton in Ar- den, Didithorps Line. N. of Butterwick. Didlefuury, Shiopf. S. of Munllow, Did- dlejhn-Chap, Shrcpf. between EUcfmcre and Dcnbighf. Didky, Yitt^u near Dew- church. Diding, Suif, S, of Midhurif. Didling.on, Dorletf. a tything to Chalbu- ry. Didlington,_ Norf. S. of Swarfham. Didli/igton, Norf. near Walcot. Didmer- ton, Giouc. 6 miles from Tctbury. DxE, a town in the depart, of Drome, feated on the river Drome, 24. miles SE. of Valence^ Lat. 4.4. 42. N, Ion. 5, 23. E.'; DiEGEM, a town 3 miles N. of Bruflels. DiEPnoLT, a town and county of Wcftphaiia, fubjefi to Hanover. Dieppe, a town in the dept. pf Lower Seine, wi;h a tolerable harbour, formed by the river Arques, an old caftle, and two piers. Packet-boats pafs between this place and Brighthelmfton, in time of peace. The principal trade conhft s in fifh, ivory, toys, and laces. In the year 1694., this town was bombarded by an Englifh fqua- dron, under Commodore Benbow, and the greater part of it burnt down. It is 30 miles N. of Rouen, and 13s NW. of Pa- ris. Lat. 4.9. 55, N. Ion. i. 9. E. Diessenhofen, a town of Zurich, Swilfcrland. DiEST, in the late Auftrian Brabant. DiETZ, Nassau, a town and country in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Dt E u s E, a town in the dept, of Meurthe, remarkable for it's falt-water wells. It is feated on the i iver Seille, 20 miles NE. of Nanci. Lat. 4S, 53. N. Ion, 6. 50, E. DiEZ, St. a town in the department of Vofges, feated on the Meurthe, 30 miles SE. of Luneville. Lat. 48. 25. N. Ion. 7. 4. E. Digby, Lincolnf. W. of Witham- Ferry. Diggef^.uorth, Northu.mb. in Bothnal lord- flii'p. Digkton, Yorkf, E. Riding, N. oi Skipwith. Dighion, Yorkf. N. of Nor- tinlicrion. n I N tTiTilIerton. Dh[kton, N. and S. yorkfhire, N. ot Wetherhy. DiGNANT, a town of Iftria. DiCNE, a town in the depart, of the Lower Alps, noted for it'i hot baths. It 16 i'fattd on tliL- river Bleone, 30 miles S. by VV. of Embrun. Lat. 44. 10. N. Ion. 6. 25. E. Digfavell, Herts, near Welling. Digf- tuell, Herts, in Afhwell parifh. Dijon, a large city in the dept. of Cote d'Or, capital of the ci-devant Burgundy, containing z 5,000 inhabitants. The ftreets are broad, well paved, and ftraight, and the fquares and public ftrufturei ele- gant. It is feated in a delightful plain, which produces excellent wine. It is 138 miles SE, of Paris. Lat. 47. 19. N. Ion. 5. 7.E. Dike, Line, near Bourn. Dikenjion, Gloucef. NW. of Winchcomb. D'tlbam, Norfolk, near Wurfted. Dilborn, Staf- lordfliire, W. of Cheadle. Dill A, Mount, a promontory on' the coaft of Malabar, 24 miles NNW. of Tellicherry. DiLLENBURG, Nassau, a towii and country of Weftphalia. DiLLiNCEN, a town of Augfburg, Suabia. DiUingfon, Somerf. near Ilminfter. Dil- lington, Norf. i mile from Market-Dere- ham. D'tljion, Northumb. 2 miles from Hexham. Dilflon, Cumb. the bottom of the Crols Fells. Dilton Marjh, Wilts, 3 miles N. of Warminlter. Dilnviu, Great and Little, Heref. near Pembridge. Dil- rworth, Lane, in Ribchefter pari/h. Dim' ington, Yorkf. SE. of Rotherham. Dim- milton, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Dimmock, Gloucef. II miles from Mitchel Dean. DiMOTUC, or Demotic A, in Romania. DimfJale, StafFordfliire, near Newcaftle. DiNANT, a town in the dept. of the North Coaft. The inhabitants are about 4000, who have manufaftures of linen and thread. It is 17 miles SW. of St. Maloes. Lat. 48. 26. N. Ion. a. o. W. Din ANT, a town of Liege. DiNASMOUTHY, 3 tovvn of Mcrioneth- fhire, iS miles S. of Bala, and 196 NW. of London. Lat. 52. 37. N. Ion. 3.40, W. .Market on Friday. Dinchurch, Kent, in Romney-Marfh. DiiiJer, i mile from Hereford. Dinder, Sonierfctfhire, near Wells. Dingeftoiv, SW. of Monmouth. DiNGELFiN GEN, in the circieof Bavaria. Dingle, a fea-port of Kerry, in Mun- fter. Several of the houfes are built in the Spanifh faOiion, with ranges of ftone bal- cony windows, this place being fgrnficrly D I U frequented Uy merchints of that nation, who came to fifli on the coall, and traded with the inhabitants. It is fruated on a hay of the Ame name, 79 miles SW. of Limerick, and 166 of Dublin. Lat. 51. 57. N. Ion. 10. 15. W. /)7«^/^,Northampton(hire, 2 miles from Market- J larborough. Dingwall, a town of Rofs/hire, on the Frith of Cromarty, 14 miles W. of the town of Cromarty. Some linen is manu- ia6\ined here, and thrre is a lint-mill iu the neighbourhood. Lat. 57. 45, N. Ion. 4. 5. w. Di/iham, Monm. SW, of Chepftow. Dini/Ji-lJland, in Kerry, Munlter, in the^ rivf r Kenmare. Dinkelsbuhl, a free and imperial town of Suabin, near the river Wei nitz, and 37 miles SW. of Nuremburg. Here is a manufaflory of cloth and reaping hooks. Lit. 49. o. N. Ion. 10. 20. E. Dinfialr, Upper and LoT.'er, SW. of Yaiuin, on each (ide of the Tees. Dint- hiil, Shropf. SW. of Shrewsbury. Dintingy Derl^yf. in tiie High-Peak. Dinton, Wilis, W. of Wilton. Diones, St. Hants, be, tween Redbridge and Bifliop-Waltham, Di[>ford, Devonl". S. of Brenr. Dipford, Devonf. NE.of Bampton. Dipnail, Hants, near Farnham. Dirtpeth, Durham, at the bottom of Langden-Foreit. Dirtleyy. Yorkfhire, near Whitby. Difert, in Queen's County, Leinfter. Disfortb, Yorkf. NE. of Rippon. Dijh- ley -Thorp, Leicef. near Loughborough. Dijley, Chefliire, 5 miles from Stockport. * Diss, a town of Norfolk, feated on the river Wavcney. It is a neat flourilhing town, the ftreets are well paved, wide, and clean ; and at the VV. end of it is a large muddy mere, oi- lake, where eels are caught. Here are manufa6lorIes of fail-cloth, hofe, and rtays. It is 13 miles SSW. of Nor- wich, and 92 NNE. of London. Lat. 52. 25. N. Ion. I. 9. E. Market on Friday. Dijjlngtcn, Cumb. 4 miles E. of White- haven. DiJJington, N. and S. Northumb. near Ponteland. Ditckfcrd, Wore, near Campden. Dittejham, Dcvonftiire, N. of Dartmouth. Ditton, Lane, between Liver- pool and Warrington, Dilton, Kent, E. of Mailing. Ditton and it's Park, Bucks, 2 miles from Windfor. Dilton, Wilts, W. of Wilton. Ditton, Thames, Surry, nearly oppofite to Hampton Court. Dit- to):., Long, Surry, SE. of Thames-Ditton, ^j 2 miles from Kingrton. Ditto-Fen, on \.\\i Cam, 3 miles N. of Cambridge. Dittcn- ff'ccd, Camb. SE. of Nijwmarket-Heaih. Diu, .an ifland at the W. of the Gulf of Cambay, oa the S. coalt of Guzerat, fubjtcl D O D fubjeSl to the Portugiiele. On it is a large town of the iame name, built chiefly ot'freeftone and marble. It's trade, once confiderable, is now almoft entirely remov- ed to Surat. The ifland is 3 miies long and r broad, with a good harbour atDiu. It is 180 miles W. by S. ot Siuat, and 2CO NW. by N. of Bombay. The moft wellern parr of Din, or Dius-Head, is in lat. 20. 43. N. Ion, 69. 52. E. Dinjer, a river in Wiitlhire. DiXAN, a town of AbyfTini:!, built on the top of a conical hill, round which the road winds fpiially, till it ends among the hoiifes. The inhabitants are Moors and Chriftians, whole only trade is felling children for flaves. Lat. 14.. 57. N. l&n. 4.0. 7- E. DiXMUDE, in the ci-devant Auftrian Flnnders. Dixton, NE. of Monmouth, on tbc Wye. Dixton, Gloucertt-rf. near Tewkeibuiy. DiziER, St, a town in the depr. of Upper Marn^ 15 miles SE. of Vitri-le- Francois. 'Ihe road between thefe two towns, levelled and planted with trees, forms one ofthepleafanteft walks in France. Lat. 48. 25. N, Ion. 4. 54. E. DNIEPER.anciently theBORISTHENE5, a large river of Europe, riling in the go- vernment of Ti'er, or Tweer, ami falling inta the Black Sea about 10 miles below Ockzakow. It flows entirely through the RuHian dominions, through it's whole courfe of above 2oo miles j during which it's navigation is only once interrupted by a feries of catarafls which begin below the mouth of the Samara, and continue for 40 miles. They are pafled, however, in fpring without nuich hazard, even by loa;ied barks. Dniester, a fine river of Europe, which rifes in Red RulTia, or Galicia, and falls into tlie Black Sea, betj^^'ecn the mouths of the Danube and Dnieper. Doagh, in Antrim, Ulfter. Dobkajn, Yorkl. at the Tees mouth. DoELEN, a town of Courland. DoBRZiN, a town and diitriift of Great Poland. Dockfr, Lane, in Loynfdale. Dockifrg, Norf. NE. of Sharnburn. Dockloiv, Heref. between Bromyard and Leominlter. DoCKUM, a town of W. Friefland. DoDEROOK, Dcvonf. Market on Wed. Doi^iot, Cheili. near Nimptwich. Dod- derj'hall, Bucks, in Qt^sinton parifli, Dod- ftcfcomb- Leigh, Devonf. SW. of Exeter. DeJJingkirJl, Effex, between Burntwood and Billericay. DodJiiigion, C^nT11. in the Ifle of Ely. Dc'Jdington, Chelh. 3 miles from Namptwich. Dodding on, Gloucef. qcar Puckle-Cliuich. Doddington, Kent, DOM betwefn Lenham and Feverftiam. Dott" dington, SW. of Lincoln. Doddington^ .Shropf. in N. Bradford hundred. Doi^ dington^ Slirop(hire, near Longnor, S. of Shrevvfbury, Doddington, Somerf. between Eridgewater and Quantock. Dodenhale, W'arw, near Polelworth. Doderhill, Wore. N. of Droltwich. Dodford, Northamp. SE. of Daventry. Dodford, Wore, z miles from Bromfgrove. Dodingham, Woic. near Knightwick. DcdingtOn, Northamp, near Wellingborougi). JDodington, Nor- thumb. in Glendale-Ward. Dodlejlm, SW. of Chefter. Dodjley, Staff. W. of Uttoxeter. Dodvjel, Warw. in Draytoa parifli. Doi-c'.-or//^, Yorkf.SW.of BarnUey. DoEL, a town of Dutch Flanders, DoESELTRG, a town of Zutphen. DOGADO, a territory of the ci devant Venice, on the feacoaft of Italy, including a number of fmall iflands, called the La- gunes of Venice. Dogdyke -Ferry, Line, over the Witham, near Tatter/hall. Doggs, Jfie of. MiddL oppofite Greenwich. Doggjheud, Hrrts, W. of the Pclhams. Dogmeah, St. Pem- hrokef. 6 miles NE. o\ N;.vpoi t. Deg~ mersficld, Hants, near Odiham. Dcig's-Nofe Point, in Cork, Harbour. Doier, a river in Hertford thire. Doin-^ ton, lee Deintcn. Dokynton, Chtlliire, NV/, cfMsIpas. DoL, a town in the depf. of Ille and Vilaine, 18 miles SE. of St. Malocs. Lat, 48. 33. N. Ion. I. 41. W. Dolbarden, Carnarv. near Snowden. DoLCE-A(^'A, a town of Nice. DoLCiGNO, a fea-porr of Albania. Dole, a large and populous town is the dept, of Jura, featcd on the river Doubs, 25 miles SW. ot Befan^on. Lat. 47. 6. N.lon. 5. 38. E. DoLEGELLY. a town of Merioneth- fliire, I'eatcd in a vale, on the river Avon, at tiie foot of the great moiinrnm Cader- Iris. It has a m:inuia6\ure cf cuttons, and. coaife un lycd v.'oolltn cloths. It is 31 milts NW.oi Monigonitry,and 205 NW, of London. Lit. 52. 42. N. Ion. 3. 48. W, MTrkets on Tuefday and Saturday. Dollart-Bav, a gulf or hay in the German Oce..n, which leparafes E. Fiief- land from Gr> tiingen. Ballon, DcvonOiire, 6 miles SE. of Toniugton. Dohjjyddelen, Carnarvon- fliir^ , near Bangor. DOMAZLXZE, a town of Pilfen, Bohe- m.ia. Dome, Mofs, Ifle of Wight. Do. VI FRONT, a town in the dept. of Orne, lt:ateil on a craggy rock, divii\ed by a large c^cft from the iummit tp the bale, throucrh DON through wlilcli flows the little ri/er Va- rcniie. It is 31 miles NW. of Alen«,on. Lat. 48. 3S. N. Ion. o. 34. W. Domingo, St. or Hispanioi.a, the richeft of ilit C uibbee Klamls in the W. Indies. It is 350 miles in lengtli and no in breadth; and the climate, though hot, is healthy, except to new comers. The country is mu-ominonly fiuitl'nl, and beau- tiiuUy diveifiricd with hills and valleys, wjods and rivers ; it is alio well ftocked wjtli t'niir trees, and produces cofFee, fu- gar, indigo, tobacco, lalt, cotton, ginger, gums, wax, honey, and drugs. It's coafts and rivers are well I'upplied with filh and turtles J and the animals brought here from Em-ope have multiplied prodigioully, fnpplying provitlons, hides, and tallow. There are alio mines of gold, talc, and cryltal, The Spaniards have long held the calttrn, and the French the weltern parts, but the whole of l;he illand has been lately ceded to the Litter. It lies between Ja- maica and Porto Rico. DoMJNGO, St. a large city, capital of the late Spanlili part of the illand of St. Domingo. It is (cat;ed on a navigable ri- ver, difncult of accefs, and has an excel- lent harbour. Lat. 1 8. 20. N. Ion. 70. io.VV. Domhitc^ Si. Cornv/all, N. of Saltafli. Dominica, an Englifh W. India ifland, about 39 miles in length and 16 in breadth. The foil is vv-ell adapted to the rearing of cofFee, and other articles of Weft Indian produce. In the woods are innumerable Iwarms of bees, which produce great quan- tities of wax and honey, and the ifland is well fupplied with rivulets of water. .It is divided into 10 parjfhes. From Ja- nuary 5, 1787, to January 5, 1788, the .exports amounted to the value of 302,987!. 15s. There is no confiderable bay or har- bour, but the anchorage round the coaft is commodious and fafe, and fliips find flielter under it's capes. It lies about halt way between Guadaloupe and Martinico. Lat. 15. 32. N. Ion. 61. 23. W. Dominica, one of the Mendoza, or Marqucfas, Iflands. DoMiTz, a town and fortrefs of Meck- lenburg Schwerin, Lower Saxony. DOMO D'OSCELI.O, or DossOLA, a town of Piedmont. DoMREMY-LA-PuCELLE, a village in the dept, ot Meuie, 9 miles E. of Bar-le- Duc. It was the birth-place of Joan d'Arc, the famous Maid of Orleans. Don, a river of Yorkflnre. Don, a river of Aberdeenfhire. Don, one of the principal rivers in Eu- rope, which feparates it partially from Ana. It rifes near Epiphan, in the go- tfernineHt of Tula, and falls by 3 llreams DON into the Sea of Afoph. It has fo'many windings and fhoals, that it i« fcarccly navigable- ♦DoNAGHADEE, a fea-port of Down, in Utfter, about 7 leagues W. of Port- Patrick, in Scotland, between whic^ two places packets now regularly carry tlie mails and pafTcngers. It is 15 miles E. of Belfalt, and 94 NE. of Dublin. Lat. 54. 45. N. Ion. 5. 40. W. ' Donnghcloney, in Down, Ulfter. Donagh- cloney, m Aimagh, Ulfter. Donaghady- Church, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Donaghmore^ in Cork,Munfter. Donaghmorc, in Qu^een's County, Leinller. Donaghmorc, in Down, Ulfter. DoHtighmore, in \Vaterford, Mun- Iter. Donaghmore, in Tyrone, Ulfter, near Dungamion. Donaghmore, in Ar- magh, Ulfter. Donaghmore, in Meath, Lcinfter, witii a river of the fame name. Donaghy, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Donajfe, in Clare, Munfter, Donara, in Wicklow., Leiniier. DoNAT, Sr. a fort in Dytch Flanders, near Sluys. DoNAWERT, a town of Upper Bavaria, * Do NC ASTER, a town in the W. Rid- ing of York/hire, feated on the Don, in thg great road between London and York. It is a confiderable wool-iparket, and heie are manufactures of ftockings, knit waift- coats, gloves, and leather caps. It is 37 miles S. of York, and 160 N. by \V. of London. Lat. 53. 33. N. Ion. i. 12. W. Market on Satiuday. DONCHERY, a town in the depart, of Ardennes, feated on the Mcufe, 3 miles W. of Sevlan. Lat, 49. 41. N. Ion. 4. 51. E. Donegal, a county of Ulfter, in Ire- land, 68 miles in length, and about 36 in breadth J bounded on the W. and N^ by the ocean ; on the E. by the counties of Londonderry and Tyrone, and en the S. by Fermanagh and the Biy of Donegal. The country is hilly and bogg,y, with rich val- leys between tlie mountains, and has feve- ral excellent harbours. The linen trade carried on here is pretty cxtenfive. It's capital, Donegal, on a bay of the fame name, is 9 miles NNFJ. of B.dlyfliannon, and i \ i NW. of Dublin. Lat. 54. 32. N. Ion. 8. 26, W. *Donerai!.e, a town of Cork, feated on the river Avb^'g. Near it are quarries of beautiful va: legated marble. It is 19 miles NW. of Cork, and 113 SW. of Dublin. Lat. 51. 5. N. Ion. S. 41. W. DoNESCHiNGEN, a town of Suabia. Donct, Upper and Lo-jser, Wilts, S. of Wardour-Caftic. DONGALl, a country of Abyflania, on tbe coaft of the Red Sea j it's chief pro- I du^ioDS DEE Kyfllp. Dean, Northamp. 3 miles from Rockingham. Denn^ EaJ}, Hants, NW, of Rumfey. Dean^ Eaj}, Suffex, near Horfham. ' Dean, Eajl, SufTcx, between Seafordanci pcvenfey Haven. Dean Farm, Oxf. near Eufton. Dean-Hall, Nott. in C-iunton parilh. Dean Nether, and Dean Over, Huntindonf. Dean Park, Shropf. bordering on Worcefteifhire. Dean-Prior, Dt:vonfliire, between Afliburton and Brent. De ail's -Court, Dorietf, riear Winbourn. Dean's Court, Kent, near Appledore. Dcans-Coiirt, Kent, in Wellwell parifti. Deatt-'Thorp, Northamptonf. near King's- Cliff. Dean, Weft, WiJts, E. of Salif- bury. Dian, Weft, SufTeXjnear Midhiirft. Dean, Weft, S'lflex, NW. of Ealf-Dean. Debach, Suffolk, between Debtnhain and Woodbridge. Dehden, Eflex, near Aud- ley-End. Debdon, Hampfhire, in New- Foreft, near Southampton Bay. Deben, a river in Suffolk, flowing Into a long, narrow arm of the fea at Wood- bridge. Debenha'm, a town of Suffolk, near the head of the river Dcben, 24. miles E. of Bury, and 84 NE. of London. Lat. 52. 19. N. Ion. 1. 17. E. Mai-ket on Friday. Debreczin, a town of Hungary. Deccan, The, an extenfive traiS of f ountry, in hither India, which contains the provinces of CanJcifti, Dow]aiabad,Vi- fiapour, Golconda, and the W. part of Be- rar. Candeifli, Vifiapour, and a part of Dowlatabad, are fubjeft to the Mahrattas ; the dominions of the Nizam Ally, Soubah of the D.ccan, (without including the cef- fions ofTippoo Sultan, in 1792, viz. Ko- paul, Cuddapah, and Gangecotra,) are fuppofcd to be 430 miles long, from NW. Xo SE. and 300 broa» Yurk and New Jerfey, and a few miles below pi)iladel- phla, feparates tlie ftatr of Delaware from Jerfey. From the mouth of tlie bay of Phi- ladelphia is iig miles, navigable all the way for large veflels. Delaware, a bay of N. America, which is 60 miles long, fiom Cape Hen- lopen to the entrance of the rivtr Deia. vvaie at.'fiomlvdy-Hopl^.^^It, i§, fo wide in ibiiie paVt$","that a Ihip'iif the middle of it caa DEL •m fcarccly be feen from the fhore, and the CupesH'-iiluptiinndMayare li? miles apart. Delns, or Dulus, a river in Brccknockl', Delbridge, Dcvonfhiie, SE. of Chiiiileigh. Delit, a w.ll-bnilt town of llollaiul, with canals in the ftrcefs, platiticl ontMch fide with trets. It is iboiU 2 miles in cir- cumference, and is defended agninft inun- dations by jdikes. Vad quantities of firic glazed eanlieiuvare are made Iiere, known by the naniK of Delft w.^rcs. It is feated on a canal called the Schie, 8 niiks NW, of Rotterdam, and ■;o SSW. of Amfter- dam. Lat. iji. 4. N. Ion. 4. 24. E. Pelfzuyl, a fea-port ot Gioningcn. Delxchi, a river of Albania, ancitntly Acheron, feigr^ed by the poets to be a river of hell. Del HI, a province of Hindooftan/bound- ed on the W. by Moultan, on the NVV.Iiy Lahore, on the E. by the countries ot Thi- bet and Oude, and on the S. by Agra and Aginiei-e. The natural fertility ot the foil of this province, and the mildnels of it's climate, are I'uch as to favour the nieft numerous population; yet, having been the feat of continual wars for more than 70 years paft, it js almoft depopulated ; the lands lie v^'afte, and the inhabitants provide only the bare means of fubfiftence, Iclt they fivould atrra^l the notice of thofc whole trade is pillage. It is about 165 miles in Jength, and 140 in breadth. Delhi, the capital of the province of Delhi, was once a large, rich, and popu- lous city, and the capital of the Mogul empire. B'lt in J 7 39, when Nadir Shaw, or Kouli Khan, invaded Hindooftan, he entered Delhi, and dreadful were the maffacres and calamities that followed : 100,000 of the inhabitants periftied by the fword ; and plunder, to the amount of 70,000,000!. fterling, was faid to be col- le6fed and cairjed away. They endured fimilar difaflcrs on the I'ubfequent invafi- onsof Abdalla, kingof Caniahar ; fo that, fince the decline and downfal of the Mo- gul empiie, the population is extremely low. Delhi is 880 miles NE. by N. of Bombay. Lat. z%. 37. N. Ion. 77.40.E. DELMENilORST, jn Weftplialia, capi- tal ofafmall county, a little SW. of Bre- men. It is fubjrft to the kings of Den- mark, as Cuunto of Oldenburg and Dcl- menhorft. Delog, or Dili, an Ifland in the Ar- chipelago, formerly celebrated for tlie tem- ple of Apollo, and the oracle contained in jt, hut now covered with ruins and unin- habited. Drt-PHO?, a town of Livadia, Turkey. Deljham, Suffex, NW. cf Hoifliam. DEN Delsperc, a town of SwlfTerland. Delta, the riame of a fertile traft of Lower Egypt, on the Mediteri-anean, be- tween the branches of the Nile, from it's fuppolcd rcfcmblance to a Greek letter fo called. It is alio applied to the mouths ot the G3n;_;cs, Ava, &c. DeLv;, Staffordfliire, near Uttoxeter. Demblcl'j, Line. NW. of Folkingham. Demf. RARY, a river and feftlement in Surinam, lately fubj<^cf to the Dutch. Dem:j}onCnjUe, Baklhire, NW. of* Newbury. Dkmmis, a town of SwedifhPomerania. Dhnais, a village near Valenciennes. Denbcrrjt Devon)'. SW. of Newton- Bufhel. Denbighs, Surry, one mile from Dorking. *J)e.vbigh, the county town of Dcn- bighfliiie, fituated on the lummit of a rock, fioj)irtg on every fide but one, on a branch of tb.e river Clwyd. It has a confiderable manufacture of gloves and flioes, v-fhich are ftnt to London for exportation. It is 27 miles VV. of Chefter, and 208 NW. of London. Lat. 53. 11. N. ion. 3. 35. W. Market on Wedneiday. Dekeighshire, a countyof N.Wales, bounded on the W. by Carnarvonftiire, from which it is for the mod part fepaiat- ed by the livtr Conway ; on the N. and N£. by the Iridi Sea and Flintfhire ; on tMfe E. by Flint/hire, Cheftiiie, and Shropfliire ; and on the S. by Mcrionethlhire and Mont- gomeryfhire. It extends from NW. to SE. 39 n.ilcS, and from N. to S. in it's broadcftpart, it is 17 miles; but in gene- ral it is mucli lefs. It is divided into u hundreds, which contain 4 market towns and 57 pariflies. The foil is various, the Vale of Clwyd being remarkably plealant and fertile, which is not the cafe with the E. part of the county, and the W. is, in a manner, barren. The principal rivers are the Clwyd, Elwy, Dee, and Conway. The produ6ls of this county are chiefly corn, cheefe, cattle, lead, and coal. Among tl;e hills are fmall pillars, with infcriptions which no one hitherto has been able to read. Daiby. Derbvf. SW. of Codnor-Caftle. Denby, Yorkf. SW. of Doncaftcr. Denhy. Grange, Yorkf. W. Riding, in Kirkhea- ton parifh. Dencl:n.{:orth, A'^. and S. Berks, between the Vale of White-Horfe and Abingdon. De K D e R n? n .v D, a town of the ci-devant Autlrian Flanders, furrounded by maifties and fine meadows, which the inhabitants can lay under wattr. It is feated at the confluence of the Dender and Scheldt, 14 miles E. of Ghent, and 1 6 W. of Mechlin. Lat, 51. 3, N. Iwi:. 4- xo. £. Deneven DEN Deneven Caflle, Cannaithcnfliirc, near Llandilovawr. Denjbrd, Northamp. near Shrapfton. Dengy, tl»€ chief town oKDengy Inin- die(i,Efl"cx, between Ofitlilflancl and the fva. Den^y Marjh, Kent, bttween Lyd and DengyiTels, Doigyuefs, or Dur.gynefs, Kent, a promontory between the harbotns of Roinney and Rye. Denhatn, Bucks, near Uxbridge. Denham, SiifF. between Newmarket and Bury. Dc'iham-Hill,SKiff. near Eye. De/zh'dU Kent, betwicn Ear- ham-Down and Wingham. Denkolm, Lane. SW. of Manchtfter. Denkolm-tark, Yorkf. N.ofHalilax. Denington, S^^oWa, 3 iniles and a half from Framlingham. Denia, a maritime town of Valencia. Denmark, a kingdom of Eurojie, bounded on the W. by the ocean, on tlie N. and E. by the Baltic Sea, and on theS. by Germany and the Baltic. The coun- try is generally fiat, and the air is render- ed foggy by the feas and lakes ; but, the weather being changeable, it is purified by frequent breezes. Denmark, properly lb called, confifts of Ju'Jand and the illands of Zealand and Funen, with the little ifles about them; but the king of Denmark's dominions contain the kingdom of Nor- way, and the duchies of Hoiltein, Olden- bmg, and Dcimonhorft, in Germany, be- fides Iceland, and the other Danifh fettle- ments abroad. The revenues are com- puted at 1,4.00.000!. a year, wiilch arife from the crown lands and duties, and the tolls paid by vefTcIs palfing betsveen the Baltic and German Ocean. There is no Jargcriver inDcnmark, but numerous lakes and cliannels of the fea, by which it is in- terliefted. In the fiunmerthe heat is great, and ilie days are long ; but the winter con- tinues 7 or 8 months. The commodities aie corn, pull'e, hoifes, and large beeves, togcthei- with tile produce of their manu- facluies. The exports exceed tile imports to the aniount of 55,000 crowns a year. Copenhagen is the capital. Denmead, Hants, SE. of Bufh-Wal- tliam. Denrner BrUge, Cornw. NW. of Bodmin. Dennis, St. Cornwall, 5 miles N VV. of Leitwithiel. Denny Abbey, Canib. NE. ot Cottenham. Denny. Lodge, Hants, in the New Forett. Denny-ljland, Monm. ill the Severn, oppoiite to Gold-Cliff. Dciijha.iger, Northamp. near Palieniiam. Denjhn, Staff, near Ciockfdon. Denfion, S'.iiTolk, between Barnardifton and D^bden. Dent, a river of Wellmorl.md, which runs into the Lune. Dent, Yorkf. N. Riding, in Craven. In 1664, two inhabitants of tiiis place, fatiier and Ton, were witncfits on a trial at York allizes, the Ion being joo years of age, and tht father ntai ly 140* D E R Dentdelion, Kent, in the Ifle of Thanrt* Dent-Hill, Cumb. W. of Copeland Foreft. Denton, Cumb. NE. of Brampton. Den- ion, Durham, NW. of Darlington. Den- ton, Huntingdonf. S. of Stilton. Denton, Kent, NE. of Eiham. Denton,K.^M, SE. ol Gravefend, Denton, L.-yl'ryan, i,T Galway, Connaiight, jiearly f>^ miles from Dublin, Derrygo- ::l/yj In Waterfc-i-d, Munfler. Dervock, :\ Antrim, Uilter, izo miles from Dublin. D E V DrRWENT,ariverof Derbyfliire,which rifcs in the Higli Peak, and paifing through the county, fills into the Tr<-nt 8 miles ESE. from Derby. DtRWENT, a river of Yorkfhire, rifing in theN. Riding, and falling into the Ouie 5 miles SE. of Selbyi Derwent, a river of Durham, flow- ing through a romantic trafl of country, and fallir^J}o». De--verel- Longhridge, and Ds- •verel-Monkfton, Wilts, all S. and SE. of Longleat, on a rill called Dever,that runs under ground like the Mole, in Surry. Devereux, 7 mile? S. of Hereford. Dc- 'vington, Liiile, or Dei'ington-Court, Kent, near Feveriliam. 'fDEvizES, a large and populous *.ovn DOR DOS duRions tire fait and Iioney, The prince place, moftly in ruins. Abont 9 miles is nominally trihinary to the negus, or above Dornock ferry, at Inverftiin, is a emperor, of AhvlFinia. waterfall and falmon leap, where the fifh Don H'tli, in VVaterford, Mimfter. that fail in the leap are caught in hafkets Donicrt of Aldkk, Somerfetlliire, W. of on their fall. Dornock is about 24. miles. llminlter DoNKALr. See Dongali. Donktfvj'ick, YorkC. near Doncafter. Donmore, in Gaiway, Connaught. Donmngton, Sumerietfliire near Crew- kern. Doiviuigton, Gloucefterfhire, in Slow pari flu Domdnglon, Northumber- land, in Eland manor* Donnybrook, SE. and Donnycarney, NE, both within 2 m les of Dublin. Donore, in Welt Meaiii, Leiniter. Doiiough, in Feiinanagh, Uliier. nearly N. of Invernefs. DoRPT, a town in the government of Riga. Dorsetshire, a county of Englajid, bounded on the W. by Dvonflilre and Somerfetf. on the N. and NVV. by Wilts and Somerftrf. on tiie E. by Hants and a part of the Englilh Channel ; and on the S. by the Enghai Ciiannel. It extends 54. miles in lengih ironi E. 10 W. and 36 nj bieadth from N. to S. wiicrc bioadeft. The air is fharp en the hills, but mild and Donyford, Sunicrf. near Quantock. Do- pleafant in the valleys and near the coalf. nyhoid, Edex, near Colcheller. Donzate, The foil is rich and fertile, but froni the ov Do/iyat, Somerfetf. near S. Petherton. Hamp/hire border to Blandtord, there is DoNZY, a town in thedept. of Nievre, an extenfive heathy common. The north- Z2 miles N. of Ncvers. Lat. 47. ^2. N. ern part of the county, anciently over- Ion. 3. 14. E. Ijpread with forefts, affords excellent pif- DooAE, or DoABAH, a fertile traft of fure for black cattle j while the (outhern land in Hiudoodan, between the Ganges downs, divided from it by a ridge of and Jumna, moftly fubjeft to the nabob of chalk hills, feed valt numbers of Iheep, Oude. highly etteemtd for their wool and ifcfh ; Doohally, in Cavan, Ulfter. and game alfo abound here. It is noted Doon, a rirer wliich ilfues from Loch ^oi" it's woollen, thread, and netting ma- Doon, a lake in Ayrfhire, and falls into nufaftures, and it's fine ale and beer. It's the Frith of Clyde, near the town of Ayr. other commodities, befides corn, cattle. Do Rat, a town in the dept. of Upper wool, fifh, and the bed hemp in the Bri- Vienne, 25 miles N. of Limoges. Lat. ti^h dominions, are Portland ftone, pipe 46. 12. N. Ion. I. 10. £. clay, and a fort of marble, or Purbeck * Dorchester, the county-town of ftone. It's principal rivers are the Stour, Dorletf. is an ancient, neat, and remark- Frome, and Piddle. ably well-built, well-pavcd town. It is DorfingtoHy Glouc. 4 miles from Strat- nearly furrounded by fine terrace walks, ford. Dorfmgton, Little, Glouc. in Wel- planted with rows of limes and fycamores. ford parilh ; and Dorjlngton, in Warw. It is chiefly noted fur it's txcellent ale and though belonging to the fume parifli. Dor- fheep. It is pleafantlv leated on the river fion CajHe-. Herefordfliire. Frome, 8 miles N. of Weymouth, and 120 DoRT, or Dordrecht, a town of W. by S. of London. Lat. 50. 42. N. Ion. 2. 45. W. Markets on Wedndday, Friday, and Saturday. Dorchefier, Oxfordfhire, 10 miles SE. cf Oxford, and 49 WNW. of London. Dordogne, h department of France. It receives it's name from a river which falls into the Garonne, near Bourdeaux. Dordon, Warw. near P.ylelworth. Dore, Deibvl. in Dronfield parifh. Dormch's- /r^//, Middi. W. of Hanwell. Dormcjion, Worcel. S\V. of Inkberrow. Dorming- ton, H^relordf. near Lugwardine. Dome, Worctfterf. in Blockley parifli. Dorney, Bucks, on the Tiiames, W. of Eaton. Dornford, Hunts, near Chcfterton, was once a city. Holland, fituated on an ifland formed by the rivers Meufe, Merwe, Rhine, and Linge. In 142 1, an inundation of^the l<;a Iwallowed up 70 villages and foo,ooo people. They fpin fine linen thread here; it is noted for it's falmou fiHiery, and for Rhenifli wine, and the floats of timber brought here from Germany down the Rhine. It is 10 miles SE. of Rotterdam, and 37 SW. of Amlteidam. Lat. 51. 40. N. Ion. 4. 44. E. Dortmund, a fmall Imperial town of Mark, in Weltphalia, fituated on the ri- ver EiTibs, 25 miles SSW. of Munfter. Lat. 51. 32. N, Ion. 7, 35. E. Doftnerty-Pool, Cornwall, 5 miles N. of Lelknid. It is on the top of a hill, about Dornock, the county-town of Suther- a mile m circuit, is fed by no vifible means, land, fituated at the entrance of a fine is no where above a fathom and a half frith of th? fame name. It i« a fmall deep, and brc«tis no fifli but eels. Dctbiil» N Shropf. D O U Sluopf. In S. Biaclfoid hundred. Dotioih Bucks, near Afiicmlen. DouAY, a conridcmhle city in the dcpf. of the North. It's principal trade confilts in makiny; and vending of worded cam- lel.<. In tlie centre of the city is a i'pa- cions (qiiare. It is fi;attd on the liver Scarpe, whtnce ihere is a canal to the Dvul-, 15 miles NW. of Cambray. Lat. 50. 12. N. Ion. 3. 10. E. Do UBS, a dcpartnunt of France, fo named troin a iiv/?/«, Elfex, NE. of Bcllericay. Do^vfi be of early Hindoo origin. It is encou) pafTtd by the countries ol Candeifh, Berar, Goiconda, and the Poonah Mahrattas. Lar. 19. 55. N. Ion. 76. o. E. Dozv/es, Siiropfhire, NW. of Bew-dley. Down, a large, rich, and populous county oi' Ulftcr, in Ireland, about 4.0 miles in length, and ay in breadth, con- taining 72 pariflies. It is bounded on the W. by Armagh; on the NW. by An- trim ; on the - - ■ — ^^w, Lane. S. of Gifborn. Dczvnbam, S'iffolk, NE. of Brandon. Doiv/zham, Yorkfhire, N. Riding, SE. of Richnacnd* Do^v»ham, Noithumb. S. of Warkcaltle. Doi.vr.fay, Shropf. between Purflow and Bifhop's Caftle. Da^wii-Hatkerhy ,6^m\\^% from Gloucefter. Dovufi Hujland, Hants, 2 miles from Andover. Doivnland, De- Vcnf, between Hatheily and King's- Afhe. * Down PAT RICK, the capital of Dawn, S. by Carlingiord Bay and in Ullfer. It is compoied of 4 long ftieets, Louth 5 it's other borders are bounded by centering near a point, interfeCied by lanes the Bay of Carrickfcrgus and the Iri/h and fmali ftreets, wich neat public build- Chatmel. Ir is a fertile country, though partly encumbered by bogs. It abounds in bleach greens, and is full of neat Jiabita tions, with an orchard to altnolt every cot- tage. In the rougher parts of the coun- tiy they breed a great numher ot horl'es. There is a canal trom Newry to the South Bann, and lb into Lough Neagh. From this lake to Belfalf, another canal has been lately cut at the expence of the marquis of Beltafl: J and the river Lagan, which lepa- races Down from Antrim, is alio made navigable. It's tratle in tlie linen manu- fafluie is averaged at 151,9601. annually. It's chief town is Downpatrick. Do-x'jtt, a village in Perthfhire. Dozvnderry, in Cork, Munfter. Do'w- neen, in Cork, Munlfer ; here and at Tra- long, about a mile W. of RoflTcarberry, are two remarkable apertures in the ground, 80 yards deep, and each about 300 yaids from the clitfs, ia both which the lea flows by luhterraneous palTages. 'f iiefe cavities are called E. and W. Poo- lad uff. Do'Lvne, Kent, between Wefterham and Bromley, Do-ivnc, Elfex, between Har- low and Hatficld-Broad Oak, DoKuiie- End, Somerfetfliire, NE, of Bridgewater. Do'wn-End, Gloucef. in Forthampton pa- rish. Do-xvn-End, Gloucef. in Mangots- field parifli. Dozvn, Sffiall, Kent, N. of Sandown-C^ftle. Doivne, St. Mary, De- vonfliire, near Exeter. DonAjngate-Rock, in Tyrone, Ulfter, 108 ■niles from Dublin. Do-wnhills, in Ar- magh, Ulftei"j I 17 miles from Dublin. *DowNHAM- Market, a town of Norfolk, feated on the Oule, and noted for thv great i^uantities of butter that 3ie iiigs. It is feated on tlie river Newry, which falls into S:ray?^ford B.^y; a little below the town. It is 74 miles NE. of Dublin. Lat. 54. 23. N. Ion. 5. 50. W. Doxv.ns, in Wick low, Leiniler. -Downs, The, a road on the coaft of Kent, about 6 miles long, between the N. and S. Foreland, where fleets frequently rendezvous. See GooDWiN Sa.nds. Doixms-Uiy. Dorfctf. in Purbeck Ifle, near Worth and Afflington. DowNTON, a town of Wilts, feated on the Avon, 6 miles SE. of Saliftury, and 84 WSW. of London. Lat. 51. 3. N. Ion. 1. 36. W. Market on Friday. Dovmton-, Herefordf. W. of Rmgwood- Chaie, Do^wnton, Shropf. E. ot Siirewf- bury. Do-u'titon, Sulf. between Wollav- ington and Barlavington. Donjure, Hercf. on the river Droyer. Donxerijh, Devonf, N. of Crediton. Doycford, Northumb, nearDunftaburgh-CilHe. Doyvton,G\o\ic» W, of Marfnlield. Dracot, btaff. between Ciieadle and Uttoxeter. Dracot, Oxf, between Tame and Oxfoid. Drapon^ Hill, Berk?, nesr Alhbury-Park. Draguignan, a town in the dept. o£ Var, 10 miles nearly N. of Frejus. Lat. 43. 31. N. Ion. 6. 40. E. Drahlotu, Derb. on the Trent, neac Burton. Drakcticdgc, Warw.' in Nether- Whitacre. Draton, Shropfliire, E. of Piiors-Lcigh. X);-^/o«, Shropfliire, N. of A6^on-Eun:ci. Drave, a confiderable river which rife* in the Tirol, en the confines of Saltzburg, and crofl!ing C.uinthia, and ieparating Hungary trom Croatia and the NW. part of Sdavonia, falls into the Danube, a lit- tle below Efleck. N 2 Draughout D R I D R O Draugklon, Northamp. \V. of Kcttcr- Driffe-iv, Cornwall, SW. of Penzance, ing. Draughtoit, Yorkf. W, Riiiing, Drif.ssen, or Dresno, Brandenbui;j» near Skipton-upon-Cravtn. DmnxiJjkt^Sy in the New Marclie. Ctiiiih. between Staiiwyke and Rav. clifF. Driffield, Great and Little, Yoikf. E. Drax, Yclkf. W. Riiling, SE. of Bar- Ridinj^, 6 miles from Kiliiam, in the ro-id Jiefley. Drax, Vorkl". W. Riding, near from Eeveiley. DriffieU, Glouc. 4 miles Sn.iitli. D>-rty(ror, Wilts, betvvetn Pea-fey SE. of Cirencefler. /)r/^^, Cumb. NW. and Martenfall-Hill. Drnjcot, Wilis, li. of Ravengials. Drigblingtcn, Yoikl". 4 of Chippenham. Z^r^jfo/, Wilts, W. of miles from Leeds. Aldburn-Chafe. Draycot-, Woicefterfliire, Dritnbar, in Antrim, Ulfter. Drimo- near Campden. league, in Cork, Mimfter. ♦Drayton, a town of Shropflilre, Drin, a river which rifes in the SW. feated on the river Tern, a part of which part of Servia, and running from S. to N. ferves as a boundary between this county dilcharges itfclf into the Save, nnd Staffordfhire. It is 17 miles NE. of Drinaward, a town of Servia, on a Shrewfbury, and 154 NW. ot London, fmall illand in the Drin. Lat. 52. 54. N. Ion. 2. 22. W. Market Dringboufe, in the i'uburbs of York, on Wcdnefday. Dringo, Yorkf. near Onram, in Holder- Draylon. Leic. SE. of Hallaton. Dray- ncfs. Driagjlon, Suffolk, near Wulpet. ion, Berks, near Abingdon. Drayton, Drington, D Tletlhire, in Broad- Wlndlbr. Warwickf. W. of Stratford-upon-Avon. Drino, Bianca, or White, and Drayton, iioxL NW. of Norwieli. Dray- Drino, Nero, or Black, two rivers of ioni N-^rthamptonf. NW. of Tiuapftbn. European Turkey, which rife on the bor- Drayton, Oxf. NW. trt" Banbury. Dray- ders of Dalmati3,and uniting their Ifreams, to?:, Oxf. N. of Dorchelier. Drayton, fall into the Adriatic at the Gulf of Diin2, Herelortlfliire, between IvIorehampLon and Aconbury. Dublin, the capital of Ireland, In the county of the fame name, is a large, hand- Ibme, and populous city, fcated on the ri- ver LifTey, or Anna Lifley. The appear- ance of this metropolis, thV Bay of Dublin, and the furrounding country, on approach- ing them from the lea, is grand and beau- tiful 5 after pafling the Ifle of Lambay, and that of Irelahd's Eye, which is fmall, being a lofty and grotefque-looking rock, and the ci-aggy mountain of Howth, in coming from the north ; or, after palling the rocky cliffs of Bray, in approarhin^j- from the fouth, the extenfive Bay of Dub- lin opens on the view ; on the left are feea the hills and mountains of Wicklow ; on the right, the gently rifing fliores of Clon- tarf ; the city, on a rifing ground, at the extremity of the bay, and at I'everal miles diftance, with domes and fpires, terminates the view. Tiie Ca/Toon, a beautiful pharos, or light-houfe, 4 or 5 miles from the city, leems, like another EJdyftene light-houfe, to rife out of the fea; from this, however, there is a broad and firju wall, or pier, nearly completed, reaching to Riiigiend, N 3 t« DUD to wh\ch the city is now nearly extendtil. On the N. I'uic ol' tlic wall is ihc hnboiii' where vefllls lie liilV at anclior with an open (ea to the N. On the S. iulc ot the will, near the town, are wharf's principal- ly ufeil tor bathing; and between tliefe and the oppofite Hiore is an ex'enfive and fmooch ihand, which is dry at low water; thtre is a wharf alio on the N. fide of the river, for the purpofe oi bathing, and ele- gaut baths on both fides of the water. Fioin Kingfend upwards, through the whole city, the river is embanked with tjuaysr on bcth Hdes ; as thefe are open nearly through their whole extent, they form beaiitiiu! walks of very extenfive range. The docks laid out on each fide of the river, are fufhciently capacious to hold feveral thoufands of vtffcls. The ftreets of Dublin are pretty regular, and well paved, tiie fquares fpacious and ele- gant, and the pnhlic buildings I'uperl). The town is fupplied with water by means of pipes. A circular road, about jo or •3 1 iiiiles in length, encomprffTes the city, and the country around it is pleaibnt. There is not yet in Ireland, as in Eng- land, a parochial provifion for the poor ; but there are, throughout the country, iii- ftitiuions for their relief, fupported by vo- luntary contributions. Of this fort is the Houfeof Induftry in Dublin. The trade of Dublin is extenfive, and fince the eman- cipation of the country from the dominion of Great Britain, it has increafed furprif- anr-ly, and is Hill in-.pruving; but the bar at the entrance of the harbour renders the approach of large velTels difficult and dan- gerous. Some improvements, however, are projefling to remedy this great defeft. Lat. 53. 23. N.lon. 6. 17. W. Dublin, a county of Ireland, in Lein- fter, 25 miles in length and 16 in breadth, bouiidt.d on the N. by Meath, on the E. by the Irlfti Chahnel, on the S. by Wick- low, and un the W. by Meath and Kil- dare. The foil is rich and fertile in corn and paflure.' It contains 87 parifhes and 4 market towns, exclufive of the city of Dublin. DubmiH, Cumberland, between Newton in Aidale and the fea. Duck Creek, a town in tjie (late of J)elaware, wiiich canies on a confiderable trade with Philadelphia. It is. 1; miles N\V. of Dover. Duckeujield, Chefli. ner.r Afhton-under- Line. DucklingicK, Oxf. SE. of Witney. Duckmanto?!, Derbyf. E. of Chcfterfieid. Duckpcol, Cornw. in the NW. Duceats, Middl. W. of Tottenham-High- Ciofs. DudbriJge,GiouQ, in Staiiicy-Kiiigs pa- D U K • rin. Lat. 54. 50. N. Ion. i. 27. W. Mniktt on S.iturday. Durham, or Dyrbam, Glouc. 5 miles from ChippiuEC-Siidbuiy. Durhams-. Mid- dlefex, i unics N. oi Chipping-Barnet. Durlaj, Somerfcif. S'W'. of Bridgewater. D Y Z Duriey^ Hants, SW, of Bifbop's-Wal- tham. DurJlcindBay, Dorfctf. on the SE. coa(t of Purbeck Ille. Durnford, Dorletf. in Purbtck Ifle. Durnford, Wilts, S. of Amefbury. Durnhall, Chefti. near .Mid- Hlewich. Di'-rp'tt Chapel, Durh. between Newlviggin and Teeidale-Fortft. Du.r- ringlon, W-lts, 2 miles from Amefbury. Durringion, I-inc. near Blcixham. Durrovj, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Dur- fey-Ijland, off the coaft of Cork, Munftcr. DuRSLEY, a town of Gloucefterfhire, near a branch of the Severn. The manu- facture of cards for the clothiers h'.s been Jong liittled here. It is 13 miles SW. of Gloucefter, and 107 W. of London. Lat. 51. 40. N. Ion. 2. 23. W. Market on Tlmriday. Durjion, Somerfstf. NE. of Taunton. Durireburn, Northumb. N. oi Otterburn. Dur-zvejion, Dorfelftiire, 3 miles N. cf Bland lord. DussEirnoRF, a town in the duchy of Berg, VVcftphalia. Dnjhn, W. of Northampton. DuJJon, Wettmorland, NE. of Appleby. DuTLiNGEN, a town of Suabia. Dutton, Chefhire, on tRe Wcever, NW, of Northwich. Dutton- Duxbury, Lane, near Ciiorley. DuttonHall, Eliex, near Danmow. DuyvELAND, an ifland of Zealand, in the Uiiiied Provinces. DvviNA. a river of the RufTnn empire, which riics in the government of Vologda, and falls into ibe White Sea at Archangel, which town is the- capital of the province of Dwina. DwiXA, or DuNA, a river which rifes in the province of Plkor, Ruflia, and falls into the Baltic below Riga. In 1773, it was the boundary between Ruffia and Po- land. Dyko, Suflex, W. of Haylfham. Dym- mock, Gloucef. N W. of Newent. Dynchill, N. of Hereford. DynehopCkapel, Shropf. SE. of Aaon-Scor. Dyne's-Hall, Effex, near the Walthams. Dynton, Bucks, 3 miles from Thame and Ayltfbury. Dyon, in Tyrone, Uilter. *DySART, a town of Fifeftiire, on tlie N. coalt of the Forth, 11 miles N. of Edinburgh. It has a confiderable trade in coals. Lat. 56. 5, N. Ion. 3. 6. W. Dyfeivorth, Leic. SE. of Dunnington, Dyfton, Priors, Shropfliire, N. of Brown- Clee-Hill. Djzcrd, Cornwall, NE. of IJjttreaux-Caltie. EAGLE, E A S E A S E. ■pAGLE, SW, of Lincoln. EaglesfeU, ■*-' Climb. 2 miles S. ot Cockermontli, Eagle''s-Nejl, a romantic l;jct bctw.ecn the Lakes ot Killarney, in Kerry, Miin- ftur. Eagle^vGod, Cnmberl. between Penrith and Cailifle. Eagle^jjooJ, Suiry, a pond ot 25 acres, in tlie parifli ct Newdigate. Ealand, Line, in the Kle of Axholni. Eardington, Sliropf. S. of Bridgenonh. Eardijland, Heretordf. 3 miles from Leo- minlter. Eardijlcy, Heref. nearHanling- ton Caftle. Earehy, Lincolndi. between Thongcalter and Grimfby. Earejiy-Place, Lincolnf. near Spilfty. Earitb, Hunts. Earl's-Colne, Eiiex, 2 miles SE. of Hal- Itead. Earis Court, Middlefex, between Kenfington and Chelfea. Earl's-Djke, Yorkfli. the N. boundary of Holdernefs. Earh'f!:aiv, Nottingh. in Caunton parifh. Earls-Hide, Staff. 2 miles from Stone. Eari" s-Sohaiiiy SufF. near Framlingham. Earljlon, Hants, NW. of Kiug's-Clere. Earlston, or Ersilton, a town oi Bervvickfhire. Near it is the Houfe of Cowdcnknows, and on the adjacent knolls may be leen the remains of it's broom, lb celebrated in Scottifh ditty. Earljionharn, Suffolk, N. of Needham. Earn, a lake and river of Perthfhire. Earfham, Norfolk, near Bungay. Earfe- raiell, Suff. N£. of Milden-Hail, Earih, Cornw. W. of Trematon-Caftle. Earth- am, Cornwall, NE. of Market- Jew. Ear- toUi Lancafliire, near Liverpool. Eajhach, Hercf', near Bifhops and Caftle-Frome. Eajly, Yorkfti. near Richmond. Eajhy, Yoi ki'. N. Riding, E. of Stukelley. Eaf- ingtofi, Bucks, 2 miles from Tame. Eaf- itigton, Yorkf. in rtoldernefs, Eafington^ Yarklhire, NW. of Whitby. Eajmgton, Gloucefterfliire, on the Severn, 6 miles from Stroud. Easingwold, a town of York/liire, 12 miles N. of York, and 210 N. of Lon- don. Lat. 54. 10. N. Ion. 1.4. W. Eaft Aimer, Dorletf. near Sturminfter. Eas'j BOURN, a town of Suflex, noted for the plenty of birds hereabout, called wheat-ears. It is near Beachy- Head, i^ miles ESE. of Lewes, and 65 SSE. of London. Lat. 50. 49. N. Ion. 0.22. E. Eajl-Brent, Somerietf. 4 miles N. of Huntlpil. Eafibridge, Suff. on the coaff, near Sil'cwel. Eafil^ridge, Kent, N. of Romney-Marfli. Eajibury, Dorfetfliire, 4 niilcs from Blandford. Eajlhury, Effex, near Barking. Eajlchurcb, Kent, in the Ille ot Sheppy. Eajkat^ Coniw, near the fource of the Tamar. Eajl-Creech, Dor- fetfi). in Purbeck Ille, a iidle NVV. of Knolie. Eaft Dean, SuflTcx, i; miles N. oi Cluchefter. Eaft Donxn, Devonl. S. of Coirib-Martin. Eaft End, Middl. between Fitichicy and Wlietlton. Ecfterfurd, El- fex, S. of Coggcfhal. Eafier^ate, Suffer, SW. of Arunciei. Eafter, Good and Hlgh^ Ellex, both between Hatfield-Broad-Oak and Chelmsford. Easter-Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is about la leagues in circumference. The hills arc high, and the country natu- rally barrtn. It neither yields good an- chorage, wocd, nor water. Rats are tlie only quadru^eiis, and there aie bur few birds. The natives have an odd talte for long ears ; they are Itretched beyond the uAial oroportion. Lat. 27. 5.S. Ion. 109 46 W. Eafter kake, Nott. N. of Stanford. EafU ermear, Hants, SW. of Petei. afield. Eafl- Fieldy Nortiiamp. near the Cam- Water, NE. o( Peterborough. Eaft, Great, Carrb. near Wimpley. Ecftham, Chef, near the middle land of the Mul'ty. Eafthamt Somerf. near Hinton St, Geoige. Eafthafn, Effex, 7 miles from London. Eaftham^ Worcelterf. near Ttnbnry. Eaft Hol>;:e, Dorlt;if. 2 miles W. of Warcham. Enft. hop. Line, between Spildlug and B;'(con. Eaftkop, Shropfiiire, between Liyton and Wenlock. Eaftkop, Effcx, near Coicheller. Eafthorp, Yorklhire, E. Riding, between Burnholm and HunUey. EaJ'tliorp, Nott. in Southwell pariih. Eafhorp, Wilts, near Highworth. Eaftu:gton, GlouceJ'. in Norrhleach pari.'h. East Is ley, a town of Berkfi, 17 miles from Oxford, and 60 from London. Market on Wedncl'day. Eaft. Land, Yoikl'. between Hutherf- fieid and Halifax. Eaft Leach Martin, and Eaft Leack Tur-jille, Glouc. on o})po- fite (lies of the river Loch, aboiH 3 miles ircm Lenchlade. Eaftlenion, Glouc. SE. of Nortiileach. Eaflltng. Kent, W. of Badlcimcre. Eaftlingion, Doi'etf. m Pur- beck Kle, 1 mileE. of Worth. EaftiTum^ ftreet, Wilts, near Calne. Eaft Morden, Dorlctf. near Charborough. Eaft Nefs^ Suffolk, NE. of Soutnwuki-Buy. Eaft Nef, Yorklh. N. Riding, near Rydal. Eaft Neiv ton, Yorkfhire, in Hokicmels. Eqj'ion, Suit". 6 mites from Wood bridge, Eafton, Gloucel". near B:iftol. Eafton, Iluiir. S. ot Spaldwitk. Eafton, Lcicef. in the SE. of the county. Eafon, Line, between Stamf(,rd and Grant liain. Eaft. on, Norf. SW. of Hingham. Eafton, N W. E A S •f Norwich. Efifl'ju, Dct'onf. inMoicVnrd parifh. Eaflon, Somcrlctr. near Wells. Eufioiif Somtrf. butwten Bnth and Kcyn- /hain. E/ifton, H.mts, near Winclielirr. Ettfton, Hants, NW. oK WhitclimcVi. Eaflon, Su^. NW: oi Wickliam. Eafton, SulVcx, near Seilcy Ill.ind. Eaflon, lilc oF Wight, in K. McdiiVi. Eafton, Wilts, 7. miles iron) Chippcnhain. Enficn, Yorkf. E. Riding, N. of Fordlingham. Eafton Bravant, Suff. N. of Southwold. Eafton FermSy Haurs, near PortCaionth. Eaftern GofJuck, StifF. NE. of Needhain. Eafton Gr^y, Wilts, near Tctbury and Sopwoitlu Eafton, Great, Leic. in Bringhurft parifli. Eafion, Great and Little, ¥,i\l.x, on the oji- polite Tides of the Clieliner, 6 miles from Diinnvnv. Eafton Ma-zvJuit, Nonhamp. 4 miles from Wellingborough. Eaftnnnefs, a cape on tiie coa-ft of Sniluik, near Soiilh- rvold. Eafton -Piers, Wilts, near Brag^ton St. Michael. Eaft-Orchard, Dorf. r- miles from Margaret Marfti. Eaftour, Dorletf. a miles S. of GiUingh.ou. Eaflronv, Yorkf. near Whitby. Eaftrtn[^ton, Yorkf. near Howdon. Eaftry, Keiit, SW. of Sandwich. Eaft-zvall, SluopJhire, E. of Ci'.urch-Stretton. Eafi~jjay, Cornw. W. of Stratton. Eafi-T\;ell, Leiccf. SW. of" Belvoir-Caftle. Eaftiuell, Kent, near Afli- tord. EaftT'Ack, Heref. i mile from BoU iriefton. Eaftiuinch, Nortolk, 4 miies from Lynn Kegis. Eaft irooJgate, Dorfetf. a niiles from Pentridge. Eafi-l^^olhan, or li'orlham, Hants, SE. of Alton. Eaji- nvooJt ElFcx, near Prittlewell. Eajl Tate, Durliain, in Weredale. Eati!:t;ton, Upper and Lozvcr, Warw. between Banbury and Stratford-upon-Avon. Eaton, 3 miles from Chelfer. Eaton, Htref. near Leo- ininrter. Eatoft, Shropf. NE. of Biniop's Caltle. Eaton, Leic. N. of Waltham-on- the- Would. Eaton, Northamp. between Wellingborough and Ncithampton. Ea- ton, Shiopf. NW. of Bolas. Eaton, fiom. between Kingfwood and the Brlltol Ciian- rel. Eaton, Backs, in Bleachley-Paik. Ea- ton, Nott. on the river Idle, on the S. fide of E. Retford. Eaton, Shropl'. near Pitch- ford. Ea on Boat, on the Dee, 5 miles from Cbeaer. Eaton Bny, Bedf". W. of Dun- liable. Eaton Bijhops, or Eaton If'ali, 2 miles SW. of Hcretord. Eaton Church, Staff. SW. of Penkridge. Eaton Church, Yorkf. E. Ruling, W. of Penkridgt. Faion Cold, Dcrb. NW. of Wirkfworth. Eaton Conftaniiiie, Shropi'. SW. of Wre- kin-IIall. Eoton-Uo'vedaU, Derb. N. of Uttoxeter. Eaton Ford, or .''flfflw,' Bedf. SW.ofSt.Neots. Eaton Gdji-i'dcs, Bucks, near Eton-College. Eaton, Long, Derb. ia Swaiey f ari/h. Edict: Mafot, Shropf, E C K neir Condovcr. Eaton H'ater, Staff, he- tWeeii Bitwood and Penkridge, EiUon- Wood, Sia/r. W. of Elton Church. Eaush, an ancient town in the dept. of Gers, 17 miles WSW. of Cowdom. Lat. 43. 51. N. Ion. o. 10. E. Ea-wden, Northun-.b. between Alnham and Branton. Ea<^JOod, Suff. N, of HayU ftiam. Ebberton, or Ehrington, Glouc. a miles from Campden. Ebbord, Devonf. in Woodbury paiilh. Ebchefter Dnrh. near Darwentcote. E'uloxvn, Wdts, in W. Kingron parifti. Ehcriy, Kent, in tli« Ifie of Oxney. Eberbach, a town of Mentz, and Ebf.rrebo, a town in tjie palatinaie of the Rhine, both in the circle of the Lower Rhme. EnER"^,DORF, a town of Sriria. Eberstein, a priricipiliiy of Suabia. Eberstein, a town in the dcpt. of the Lower Rhine, 8 miles SW. of Strafburg. Lat. 48. 16. N. Ion. 7. 46. E. Eberfon, York'.', between Pickering and Scarborough. Eberton, i'te Ibberlon. Ebervu,, orEcREUiL, a town in the dept. of AUier, iearedon the river Scioule. Lat. 46. 4. N. Ion. 2. 59, E. Eero, a river of Spain, which rifts on the confines of Old Caftite, in the moun- tains of Afturia, and pafling through Ar- ragon and Catalonia, falls into the Medi- terrranean below Tortofa. Ebfoborn jrake, Wilts, SE. of Wardour- Caftle. Ebral, Shropf. t. miles fiom Of-- weffry. Ebsfleet, Kent, in the Ilk of Th.i- net. Eb-jvitb, a river in Monm. running into tile Ufk, at Newpoi t Haven. Eb. ivorth, Gloucef. in Painfuick p?.ri(h. ECATERRINENSLAF. See CaTHARI- NENSJ.AF. Eccheles, Chefli. on the Merfey, W. cf Cheadle. Ecclcjburn, rt river in Dcrbyf. running into the Dcrwent at Dimtfield. Ecclesfuld, Yorkfliire, near Shefiicld. F^ccLESHALL, a town of Siatfordfliire, on a branch of the river Sow, 6 miles N W. of Stafford, and 143 NW. cf London. Lat. £2. 54. N. Ion. 2. 9. Market on Friday. Ecclfflon, on the river Dee, S. of Cheft er. EecLESTON, a town 24 miles S, of Lancafter. Ecdeftojt, SrafFordfhire, NE. of Leek. Ecclejhn, Great and Little, Lancalliire, in Amound.ernefs. Ecclefivall, Heieford- fliiie, X mile from Rofs. EciitLLES, Les, a town in the dcpt. of Mont Blanc, 10 miles SW. of Cham- ber! y. Ecu A, or Exit A, a city of AndaKifi*. . Eckles, LancaQure, W. of ^Jancheller. . EdUs, E D E Eckks, Norfolk, on tlis coaft. NE. of Hick- lino;. EckUs, N 'ifolk, N. of KLiiling. £;i('///g/o«,Worccfterfliiie north fide ot the Old, on an elevated plain, from whicii the ground defccnds to the S. anil N. with a gentle dechvi;y. It forms analftmbligeof uniform Itree's andfquares, including leveral public buildings, the whole built entirely of Itone, with conll- 4 fid arable E D M dcrable tafte and elegance. The buildings on the S. fule of the Old Town, though iniorior to thole on the N. are extenfive and (lately. The moll (hiking objcft licrc, is the New Collegf , building by pub ■ lie lubrciiptlon, on the Icitc of tlic old one, on a huge and m;\gnificcnt plan. The nunibcr ot ituJents in the unlvt-idly, is ef- timatfd at looo, of whom 4.00 lludy me- dicine. Tlie tiiy ii governed by a lord provolt, a guild council, and 2.5 common covmcii. iiiie are 14. incorporated Hades, each having it's deacon, or.warden. Th.; piincip;\l public buildings are the palace ofHolyiood liouie, the Royal Exchange, built in 1753, ^''^^ Regilier OHice, the Phyficians" Hall, Heniot's Hofpital, founded in i6z2, for the education of 140 poor boys, Watfon's Hofpital, for' the (bns of decayed inerchanvs, an hofpital for orphans, and a Royal Infirmary, incor- porated by charter in I7 3''« Edinhurgh, with it's dependencies, is fuppofcd to con- tain 100,000 inhabitants, and is lupplied with water, conveyed in caft-iron pipes from Commilton, 4 miles to the W. It is 1 miles S. of Leith, wliich is it's port, 54. WNW. of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and 389 N. by W. of London. Lat. 55. 58. N. Ion. 3. 7. W. Edinburghshire, or Mid Lothian, a populous, well cultivated, and pleafant county oT Scotland, 27 miles in length, and 16 in breadth, but in lome jdaces not above 6. It is bounded on the N. by the Frith of Forth, which fepnrates it from Fiteih ire; on the E. by theftiires of Haddington and Berwick; on the S. by thofe of Selkirk, Peebles, and Lanerk ; and on the W. by the (hire of Linlithgow. Edingley, Nott. near Southwell. Ed'ing- thorp, N orf. between N. Widfliain and the fea. Eiiington, Somertetf. in Morlinch pa- nlb. EJifii^ton, Northumb. SW. of Mor- peth. EJijhuryHall, Chefh. in Delamere- Fcrell. Edith Chnpcl, Cornw. E. of Pjd- ftow Hiven. Ediwtjhn, Nottingh. 6 miles from Mansfield. Edlajhuy Derbyf. near tlie D >ve, S. of A(hborn. EdUnglutU, or Edduigdll, Staff. NE. of Lichfield. Ed- Ihi^kam-CajUi , Northumb. near Alnwick. Edliiigton, Lincolnf. N\V. of Horncaltle. EdlingtOH, Yorkf. W. Riding, nearTiclc- hill. Edlijlorough, Bucks, near Ivingo, Edmarjh Chnpcl, L-mc. near Lowland Fo- reft. Ed:ii/ion, Devonf. near Motlbury. Ed'r.oudlicrs, Durh. bordering on North- umberland. Edmondscury. See Bury. Edmond's, St. Chapel and Cape, Norf. in the N VV", angle of the county. Edmonf- batn, Dorfetf. near Cranborne. Edmon- (lon, Wilts, 5 miks fioro Saium. Edmoitd' E C L thorp, Lcic. near P>rtwitham. Edmovtoft, Middlelcx., in the Ware road, 7 miles fiom London. Edmnnion-Street, Middl. between Tottenham-Highcrofs and Ponder's End. Editarn, in Roxburghfliire, near Kcl(b. Ednop, Shropf. W. of Bifhop's Caftle. EJfon, or Edjhn, Warw. SE. of Henlty. Edjion, Yorkl.NE. of Helmfiey. Edivin. Lock, Wore. N. of Bromyard. Edfnjjorth, Hants, towards Chichefter. Edivalton, Nott. near Plumtree. Edivard'j-Hall, E(f X, near Great Baddow. Edvjarjlony Sxilfolk, N. ol N lyland. Ediuay, a riverin Rarhiori: Edzvorth, Bcdf. SE. of Bigglef- wade, Edynfar, Dtib. in the High-Peak. EFrERDiNG, a town of Auftria. Effingham, Surry, in the road from Lea- tlierhead to Guildford. Efford, Cornw. near Budc, or Bead's-Havcn. Efio. d, or Ehhingford, Devonf. NE. d Piyniouth. Egartoj, Kent, in Charing parifh. Egbo- rough, Yorkf. W. ofSnaith. Egbucklandy DcvonI". W. ofPlymptcn. Eghurj,Yit- vonfhire, near Hartland-Point. Egbury, Hants, NW. of Whitchurch. Egdean, SufTex. Egerley, or Edgley, Shropi. SE. of Mafbrook. Egerton, Chelh. near Malpas. Egerton, Kent, in Godmerfham parifli. f.?^', Devonfhire, in Branfcomb parifh. Egg, an illand, about 10 miles in cir- cumference, S. of the Ifie cf Skye. Eggcliff, or Egglefcliff., Diu-ham, on the Tees, oppofite to Yarum. Eggerdon, N. and .S". Dorltrtf. near Alkerlwell : Eggcr- dcn-Hill affords an extenfive profpeft. Eggingto/i, Bedf. near Leighton-Buzzard. Eggiigton, Derbyi". near th-; conflux of the Dove and Trent. Egglesford-Pjzrk, De- vonf. near Torrington. Egglejion, N. and S. Dorfetf. in W. Tiueham parifli. Eg- glcton, Durham, on the Tees, oppofite to Rumbaldkirk. Eggoats, Worcef. in Ink- borough paiifh. Egbam, Surry, on the Thames, oppollte to Staines, 3 miles from Windlbr. Egham-Fojiers, Surry, 1 mile S. ofEgham. ^^iz/o)'^, Devonlhire, near Chumlcigh. EggUJlkorn, Yorkf. in Hol- dernefs, Eghjjon, Dorletf. near the coaft, between Weymouth and Pool. Eg'.ejion, Lane. NE. of Weft-Darby. Egkfon, or Eggleton, Yorkf. on the Tees, near Bar- nard-Caltie. Eglethorp, Line, near Grimf- thorp. Egleton,'Rn'\. in Okeham parifli, £g-//;/^/j/7;7:,Northumberlaiid, between Aln- wick and Woller. Eglijh, in King's County, Leinfter, 6* miles from Dublin. Eglipi, in Tyrone, Ullfer, nearly 76 miles from Dublin. Eglishall, a town and bailiwick of Zurich. Egicroufi, Cornw. near Port Wrincle. Eglojbale, Cornw. z miles from Padltow. E^lojkerry, or Eglejh, Cornw, near Laun- CCftoK,. E G Y cefton. Bghvifgach, Denbighf. Eglwif- ivre'W, Pembrokeshire. Egmanton, Not- tiiighamf. S. of Tuxiord. Egjfur, Noif. NW. ot'Walfingham. Egtnont, in Cork, Munfter, 6 miles from the city of Cork. Egra, or Chebbk, a town of Siatz, Bohemia, nottd for it's mineral waters. It is feated on the river Eger, 76 miles W. of Prague. Lat. 50. 9, N. lor.. 12. 10. E. EgPvEMONT, a town in Cumb:;rland, feated on a little river that fails into the fea, near the promontory of St. Bees. It is 6 miles S. of Whitehaven, and 297 NW. cf- London. Lat. 54. 3a. N, ion. 3. 37. W. Market on Sauirday. Egton, Lancaf. in Loynfdale. Egton, Yoikfliire, N. Riding, near Giftorough. Egypt, a country of Africa j^ about joo miles in length, and 160 in breadth. It is bounded on the S. by Nubia ; on the W. by the deferts of Barca> Fczzan, &c. on the N, by the Mediterranean j and on the E. by the Red Sea, and the Ifthmus of Suez. This country, fo famous in hiftorj^, feems not to have an extent proportion- able to the defcription which the. ancients have given of it's having contained 20,000 towns or cities, and lt;veral millions of in- habitants, and of it's ancient kings keep- ing armies of 300,000 men, and executing thofe prodigious works, the pyramids, the labyrinth, the immenle grottos of Tliebais ; the obelilks, temples, and pompous pa- laces ; the Lake Moeris, and the valf ca- nals, &c. but when we confider the amaz- ing fertility of the foil, enriched, as it has always been, by the overflowing of the Nile, and it's high ftate of cultivation, theie accounts fcem more probable. Egypt has been ever noted for it's plenty of corn: and when the dearth was in all lands, in the days of Jacob, in the land of Egypt there was bread ; and all cou)Uries came thither to buy corn. Except in our win- ter months, tke heat is opprelTive to all who are not accuftomed to it, and they are vifited by the plague about once in (even years. The winds are fometimes of fuch extreme heat and aridity, that their influ- ence proves mortal. During the time tiiey laft, the ftreets are delerted, and the inha- bitants are ajmoft blinded by drifts of fand, which are fo fubtile, that ihey infi- luiate themfelves into the clofcts ami cabi- nets. No country in the world is better furnilhed with corn, rice, fl^fh, fifli, lugar, fruits, and vegetables than Egypt. It is divided into the Upper, Middle, and Lower, which laft comprehends the Delta, which produces oranges, lemons, figs, 4|U$ aljUQudS) caiTiu, and plantains, in E G Y great plenty. The animals found tn Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes, apes with the head like a dog's 5 camels, black- cattle, fine horfes, and large alfes, croco- diles, the hippopotair.us, or nver-horfe, the camtleon, the ichneumon ; oitriches, eagles, hawks, pelicans, water fowl of various kinds, wi'h tiie ibis, which re- fenibles a duck, and was deified by the an- cient Egyptians, on account of it's deli roy- ing ierpsniis and noxious infcfts. They have a ferpent here, called the ceralles, or horned -viper, the bite of which is mortal to thofe who have not the fecret of guard- ing againft it. The praftice of charming alluded to in Pfal. Iviii. 4.. 5. Ecclef. x. II. an J Jerem. viii. 7. iL-ems to prevail here till this day ; for fome of the natives can play w,ith the ceraftes, which to them is perftfliy harnilefs, but when applied to a hen, or any other animal, it bites and in- ftamly kills it. Since Egypt has been under the dominion of the Turks, it has been governed by a bafliaw, wlio reildes at Cairo. Under him art inferior governors in the leveral parts of the country. Thoic in Upper Egypt are generally Arabs, who pay tribute to the Grand ^ignior, and make prefents to the balhaw, governing defpoti- cally, and making war with each otiier: belides thefe there are rtielks, who prelide over particular places, and are malters of a few villages. The prefent population of Egypt is computed at 2,300,000. The inhabitants are compofed of four different races of people; the Turks; the Arabs ; the Cophts, who are delcended from the firft Egyptians, which became Chrilllans ; and the Mamlouks, who were originally Cir- calfian and Mingrdian llaves, and bemg the only military force, are the real mal- ters of the country. The governors of the country are Mahometans, but the Cophts, and Greeks, and Latins, are Chriitians of different feiSf s : and in the great towns there are numbers of Jews. A contiderable trade was carried on here ia E. India commodities, till the Portuguefe~ found the way to Afia round the Cape of Good Hope. However, the merchants of Europe vifit the harbours in the Mediter- ranean, anil import and export feveral forts of merchandife; and, from other parts, the natives get elephants teeih, goid-dutt, mufk, civet, ambergris, and coffee. The gold-dull is brought from Ngioland to Fez and Moi^occo, and thence to Cairo in caravans, over imnicnfe dcLerts, The com- modities which the mcrciiants purch.afe here, are coffee, I'cnna, cafila, rhubar!', fal ammoniac, myrrhilaffron, falt-petre, aloes, opium, ind'go, i^\^M-, fandal wood, dates, 1 cotton- E L B cotfon-cloili, kc. 'J'lic largeft of the py- raniids lakes ii;) ten acres oi gronml, and IS, as well as the otliti s, huilt. u\nm a rock : the cxteinnl part is chiefly oi large Iquare Oi-nes, of iincq\nl iiits, and the height of it about 700 feet : within thefe, and in their vicinity, are eataconihs, wherein are nuinnniesjoreoibalmed dead bodies, wlilcl) arc three or four thoufand years old. Tlie complexion of llie Egyptians is tawny, and the farther S. ihe tlarker, infomuch that thofe on the confines of Nubia are ahnoft black. They are nio(t of them indolent, clpecially llie richer fort, who fpend much of the day in drinking coffee, fiwoking to- bacco, and fliieping ; and thefe are laid to be ignorant, proud, and ridiculoufly vain. The principal city is Cairo. Egypti-n, a town of Courland. Ehaniy Derbyfliire, on the N. Peak. Ehinc.en, a town of Suabia. Etc, a river in Leice(ter(hire. EiFELD, or Elfeld, a town of Mentz, circle of Lower Rhine. Eight-Mile-BriJgf, in Down, Ulfter, 55 miles from Dublin. Eiken, Suffolk, W. of Aldborough. Eiketelhy, Leicef near Melton-Mowbray. EiMEECK, a town of Grubenhagcn, Lower Saxony. EiMEO, one of tlie Society Ifles. EiSLEBEN, in Mansfield, UpperSaxony. EiSNACH, a town and diltrift of Thu- ringia. Upper Saxony, with a celebrated college. Lat. 50. 54. N. Ion. 10. 19. E. EiTDEVET,an ancient town of Moroc- co, noted for it's fchools. Elthan, or Ythan, a river of Abevdeen^ fliire, laliing into the German Ocean, za miles NE. of Aberdeen. Ekerford, or Eckelnfohrede, a town of Siefwick. Eliington, Dcrb. NE. of Dronfield, near Crawloc. Ekingion, Wore, near Perfliore. Eland, a river in Radnorf. Eland-Heill, Yorkf. 2 milesfrom H:difax. Eland-Hall, Northumb. near Font-Eland. Elnfion, or Clajion, S afF. on the Dove, near Cheadle. Elba, anidand on thecoaftof Tufcany, about 8 inilcs in length, and 2 in breadtli. It contains mines of iron and loadftone, and quarries of marble. Elba.-: s A NO, a town of Albania, in Turkey. Lat. 41. 34. N. Ion. 20. 21. E. Elbe, a large river of Gcnnany, which rlfes in SiU fia, and pafllng through part of Buheniia, and turning NW.enttrs Saxony, and liriiiideuburg, and divides Lunenburg from Mecklenbuig, and Bremen froniHol- ftein. It then pallVs on to Hamburg, to which it is navigable for huge velfels at llie diftance of 70 miles from the Tea. Elitrton, Glouc. xi iniks from Biiftv the Portu- guele, when this illand was in their pol- leflion. This immenfe excavation is ac- counted a bolder work than that of the pyramids of Egypt; and this, and a fub- teiranean temple in the adjacent ifle of Sal- fette, are thought to be monuments of a luperftltjon anterior to that of the Hin- doos. Eiephanra has been ceded to the EnglifJi by the Mahrattas. Elford, Oxfoidfhire, NE of Brampton, Elfordf Northumberland, S. of Bambur'gh- C.illle. Elford, Hunts, near Lymington. Elford, Staffordfhire, on the Tamv:, 3 miles from Lichfield. •Elgin, the county town of Eglln or - Murray (hire, in Scotland. Here are many ' large, old buildings, erefted over piazzas, and th« luins of it's old cathedral Oitw it to ELL to have been once a magnificent ftru£lure. It is lituated near tiie nveiLoOie, 5 miles from tiie mouth oi- Murray Frith, and 30 NNE. ol' Invcrnii's. Lat. 57. 37. N. Ion. 3.8. W. Elginshire. See Murrayshire, Elham, a town in Kent, nearly between Wve and Hythe. Market on Monday, Elhill, Lancafliire, ')etwcen Ga.ilang and Lancailer. Eling, Hants, at the bottom of Soutliampton Bay. Elbig, Great and LittU, Mitldl. near Erenrt'ord. Elingdon, or IVroughton, Wilts, SE. of Wooton- BaiTct. Elhi-'jorth-Chap4, YorkC. NW. ofHalifax. Eiis, Nonhu'.nbfrinnd, NW. of Dala CalHe. Eliza3eth\s-Islands, on the S, coafl of MafTicluilct's Bay, between Mar- tha's VinL-yard and the continent,, ELiZABETH's-TowN.one oftheoldc-fl: towns of the iiate of Nc:w Jerl'ey, about 15 milis from New York. Elijhanv, Northumberland, near Skim- wood. Elkejley, or Eljley, Nottingham- fliire, SE. of VVorkibp. Elkholm, a lea port of Blekingen, Sweden, 2+ miles W. of Carlcfcrcon. Lat. 56, 20. N. Ion. i+. 50. E. Elkington, N. and .?. Line, near Louth. Elkjione, 10 miles E. from Gloucclter. Ellen, a river in Cumberland. EUenho- rough, Cumberland, near Maryport. El- lenhally Staffordf. near Ecciefhall. Ellen- foot, Ice Maryport, Ellen- Money, in Down, Ulfter, a fpring or bog, on liie fumniit level ot the canal, between Ncwry and Lough Neagh, EUerbeck, Yorkfliire, near Northaller- ton. Ellerborn, Yoikfhire, N. Riding, NE. of Pickering. EJlerlye, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, near Moulgrave Caflle. Ellep.ena, a town of Spanifli Eftra- maduraj and a town of Mexico. EUerker, Yorkf. between North Cave and the Humber. EUertoji, Shropfhire, between Egt)aHon and Eaton. Ellerton, Yorkfliire, E. Riding, 4 miles from Pock- iington. Ellerton, Yoikfliire, N. Riding, N. of the Swale, near Catterick Bridge. Elleporough, Bucks, near Monk's and Prince's Riltorough. feLLESDON, a town of Northumberland, 28 miles NW. of Newcaftle. *Ellesmere, a town of Shropfliire, feated on a large mere, famous for fifti, in a fertile diftrict, 1 6 miles NN VV. of Shre-.vf- luiry, and 176 NW.of Luridon. Lat. 52. 53. N. Ion. 2. 52. W. Market on TuclUay. Ellichpour, a city and circar in the W. part of Berar, fuhjeft to the Nizam of the Deccan. It is 14.0 miles NE. of Au- rungabad. Lat, ai. 12. N. ion. 78. %. E, ELS Ellinburgh, Lancaf. between Leigh and Bury. Eliingham, Hants, N. of Ring- wood. Elliiigham, Northumb. S W. of Sun- derland. Eliingham, Norf. W. of Beccles, in Suffolk. Eliingham, Norfolk, SW. of Attleburgh. £//%/;«;«,' Norfolk, SW. of Hingham. Ellingstring-Mocr, Yorkf. N. Riding, in the manor ot Malham. Elling- ton, Yorkf. N. Riding, NW. cf Mafliam, Ellingto/i, Hunting, near Silthorp. Elling- ton, Norf. SW. of Burkenham. EUijhy, or Eljley, Camb. near St. Neot's. EUcu^h- ton, Yorkf. near Fei rib y. £//ozy, Sulf. s'. of Beccles. Elmhridge, Worc.iS W. of Bronif- grove. Elme, Camb. SE. of Wilbeach. Elme, Somerlirtftiire, NW". of Frome. IClme, Stv a caftle of the ifle of Malta, feated on a rock near tlie city of Valctta, at th- mouth of an excellent harbour. El'nedon, Durh. neai Butterwick. Elme- don, Effex, W. of Waiden. Elmedon, Warw. ■ between Solihull and Coldhill. Elnieley, Kent, in tiie Ifle of Shcpjjey. Elmeley, Yorkf. W. Riding, E. of Hu- thersheld. Ebnen Vanioer, Monm. near Uik. Elmerjham, B>:dfcidr. nea, the Oiife, oppofite to Sharnbrook. Elmerlon, Norf. SW. of Cromer. Elmejhdl, N. and S. Yorkfliire, W. Ridincr, NE. of Barnefley. Elmefet, Sufi. N. of Hadley. Elmejiead, Kent, near Canterbury. Eimsfiead, Kent, W. of Elham. Elmcjlkorp, Leiceiferlhire, NE, of Hinckley. Elmejhn, Glouc. be- tween Cheltenham and Tewkefoury. Eline- fton, Kent, SW. of Thanet Ifle, Elmef- ixjeli SufF- NE, of Wulpet, ElmeptLoriht in V/. Medina, Ifle of Wight. Elme'.ony Derbyf. NE.of Bolfover. ^Elmhain, North, Norf. SW. of Repeham. El:nha7n, South, Suffolk, SW. of Bungay. Elmhurjl, Staff, near Lichfield. Elminton, Glouc. in Hcn- bmy parifli. Elmley ■ Cnjile , and Elmley- Lo'vel, Worcef. the one on Breedon-Hills, the other between them and Evefliam. El- more, on the Severn, 4. miles SW. of Glou- ctfler. Elmjled, Efl'ex, E. ot Colcheffer. Elmfion, Glouc. 4 miles NW. of Chelten- ham. Eln.'Jhee, Gloucef. near Tetbury. Elora. See Dowlatabad. *Elphin, a town of Rolcommon, in Connaught, 75 miles NW. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 46. N. Ion. 8. 30. W. Eljborough, Bucks, near Wendover. Elfenham, EflTex, near Broxted. Ehfield, N£. of Oxford. Eljlianu, Lincolnlhire, NE.ofGlandfordBndge. Elsikeurg, a lea-port of Schonen, in Sweden, on the coaff ot the Sound, 7 miles E. of, and oppofite Elliiiore. Lat. 56. 6, N. Ion. 12. 40. E. Elfwg, Norfolk, NE, of Dereham. Ei.'^iNORt, z fea-port of Denmark, Q feated E L V Tcatcd on the Sound, in the Iflnnd of Zea- land. Many loieic;n niticliants, and tlie coniuls of the principal nations wliich trade to tl\e Baltic, rtTidu here. Virfll-ls, pafTing through the Sound, pay a toll to the king ot Dvnmark, which, with ihofe of the two bti'.i., liipjily an annnal revenue of above ioOjCjooI. ; and, in rttom, he takes tiie chaige of condniflin^ light-hotiCes, and erecting fjgrials, to mark the fhoais and rocks, from the Categate to the entrance into the Baltic. Lat. 56. 2. N. Ion. 12. 37. E- EMM ElwancEN, a town and diftrl5l of Suabia. El-well, Dorfetf. N. of Upway. Ekvick^ Durham, SW. of Hartlepool. £/x' er/A, E. and IV. near Abbotfbury. Eluuorthyf Someifiitf. SW. of Srokegomer. El'vjyy Northumb. in Waller lordlhip. El'uy,OT Elny, a river ol Glamorganftiire, and an- other of Denbighlhire. * Ely, a city of Cambridgefliire, feated on the river Oufe, which is navigable hence to Lynn. The bifhcps were Counts Palatine through the whole Ifleof Ely, till EljUhc, Yurkfhire, W. Ridihg, SW. of the reign of Henry VHI. Ely is lubor Skipt n. Elfied, Surry, W. of Godalniin Lljh'd, SulTcx, SW. of Midiiurft. Elpb, Durham, SW. of Kedgficld. Eljlon, Nott. between Binghoin and Newark. Eljlon, GIouc. between Gianham and Chedworth. Etjlon, Wilts, NW. of Stonehenge. El- Jion, near Leicefter. Eljlon, Lancafh. in Ainoiinderners. Eljlon, Shropf. W. of Ellefmeie. Eljlon s-Bridge, Heref. near the confiux of the Doyer and Munno. Ei dinate to the bifliop in it's civil govern- ment, and is the only city in England un- reprefented in parliament. It is 17 miles N. of Cambridge, and 68 N. of London. Lat. 51. 24. N. Ion. o, 9. E. Market on Saturday. Ely, Isle of. See Cambridge- shire. Ely, Glamorganfliire. Embden, a town of Weftphalia, with y7!?au, ntar B^-dx'ord. ^^Jr^*-, Herts, 1 mile a good harbour, capital of the county of trotnS'^anmore. JE^auiV/', Northumb, op- pofite to Farne-Iiland. Elfivkk, North- umb. W. ofNewcaflle. Eljhvirl', LduczC. N. of Kirkham. Elfvjorth, Camb. near Papworth. Ellhn7n, Kent, 8 miles from London,between Bromley and the Thames. Here was formerly a royal palace, where John of Eltham, fun of Edward II. was born. The Hall is now uied as a barn. Elxman, in Wurifburg, Franconia. Elton, Huntingd. with it's Hall, Mill, and Pork, NE. of the Nen, near Fother- inghay Callle. Elton, Gloucef. in Weft- bury parifh. Elion, Nott. E. of Bingham. Elton, Chefhire, between Delamere-Forell and the Merley. Elton, Derb. N.of Ald- wark. i,7^o«, Durham. SW. of Stockton. Elton, Herts, between Wif;more and Rich- ard's-CafHes. Elton, Huntingdonfliire, near Stilton. Eltor, or Tor, a town of Arabia, on the Rfd Sea, 50 miles S. of Mount Sinai. Eltringkcm, Northumb. near Pruddo. Eltz, a town of Hildelheim, Lower Saxony. Elvas, a town of Alentejo, where an academy was founded in 1733. There is a cilfern fo large, that it will hold water enough for the town for fix months. It is brought by nn aqueduft three miles in length. Elvas is leatcd near the river Gua- diana, 47 miles NE. of Evora, and 104E. of Lilbon. Lat. 58. 43. N. Ion. 6. 54. W. Elfojlon, Derbyf. near the fall of the Dervvent into the Trent. El'vedon, Suff. W. of Thetford. Ei'vetham, Hants, near E. Friefiand. It is divided into three parts, the Old and New Town, and the two fuburbs. Embden is feated near the mouth of the river Embs, 23 miles NE. of Groningen, and is fubjed to the king of Pruflia. La^ 53. 26. N. Ion. 7. 20. E. Ember-Court, Surry, by Thames-Dit- ton. Embhams, Surry, near Whitley- Park and Shotover-Hill. Embleton, or. Ertibkams, Cumberl. SE. of Cockermouth. Emho, a village near Brora, on the E. ccaft of Suthtrlandihire. Emboly, a town of Romania. Embrun, a city in the dept. of the Upper Alps, feated on a craggy hill, near the river Durance, 17 miles E. of Gap. Lat, 44. 34. N. Ion. 6. 34. E. Emes, a river of Weftphalia, which falls into the German Ocean a little below Embden. Emesa, in the pachalic of Damafcus. Emildon, Northumb. near Bamborough- Cartle. Emington, Oxf. SE. of Thame, Emley, Sulfex, near the Ifle or teliey. Einly, 14 miles W. of Cafliel in Tipp€- rary, Munfter. Emmcrgreen, Dorfetfliire. Em ME rick, a town in the duchy of Cleves,featednear the Rhine. It is 8 miles E.of Cleves. Lat. 51.45. N. Ion. 6.4.E. Emmertony Bucks, between Newport and Oulney. Emviet, Lane, near Town- Jey. EmmolhilU , Northumb. SE. of Nor- haiU'^Caftle. Emmothougb, Northumb. near the crags irr Tyndale. E}n7r.otland, York- fliire, on the river Hull, ^ww^/i, Norfolk, Harford-Bridge. Ehington, SE. of.Yoik. between Downham and Wilbeach. Emo,, E N G Etoo, in Queen's Coxinty, Leinfter, be- tween Monaitcreven and MountmelJick, 34. milKs from Dublin. £«/'/«j'/&fl,'«, Rutland/hire, between Bur- Icigh-on-the-Hill and Tickencote. . Empoli, a town ofTufcany. Empor, in Weft-Meath, Leinfter. ErTipj'hot, Hants, near the road from Alton to Petersfield. Emfaui^h, Cumb. on the S. Tyne, near Gargill. Emfcot, NE. of Warwick. E?nfey, or Emfnanut Yorkf. W. Riding, near Skipton. Emf- free, Shropl'. SE. of Shrew'fbury. EmOvuell, Yorkaiire, E. Riding, SW.'of Kdham. Emfijuorth, Suflex, near Eaftbourne. Emy-yale, inMonaghan, Ullter. Enagb, in Cla e, Munfter. Enborough, Somerfetf. near Mendipand Benager. Enbourn, E. and W. Berkfhire, near Neu-berry. Enbychnxiorth, Yorkf. W. Riding; SW. of Barnefley, Enchuysen, a fea-port of Holland, on the Zuyder Zee, 25 miles NE. of Amfter- dam. The harbour was formerly confi- derable, but now it is choked up with fand, Lat. 52. 45. N. Ion. 5. 10. E. Encomb, Dorferlhire, near Corfe-Caftle. Endeavour-Strait. See Guinea, New. EndelUon, Cornw. E. of Padftow Har- bour. Enderly, near Leicefter. Enderhy- Bagge, Line. NW. cf SpiJfty. Enderby. Malnjijh, Line. SW. of Spilfby. Enderf- bury, Dorfetfhire, near Longham and Can- ford. Endkioping, a town of Upland, in Sweden, the houfes of which are of wood, painted, for the nioft part, red. It is 21 miles SW. of Upfai. Lat. 59. 45. N. Ion. 17. 20, E, Endingen, a town of Auftrian Suabia. Enedon, Cornwall, NE. of St. Michael., Enenvood, or E'veti-ivood, Durham, at the head of the river G.uiiitlefs. Ene-zvood, Weft, Durham, SW. of Bi(hop-Auklai,d. Enfield, a town of Middiefex, ten miles N. of London, once noted for it's royal chafe, which was disforefk-d by an aft of parliament in 1779. Market on Saturday. Enfield, Hants, between Rumfey and Winchefter. Enfield, Surry, SW. of Eg- ham. Enford, Wilts, W. of Everley hare-warren. Enoadina, a country of the Gfifons, which extends along the banks of the river Inn, from' it's fource to the Tyrolefe, and is divided into Upper and Lower. The. Upper, on account of it's elevation, pro- duces pafture, but not fufficient corn. The Lower is much more fertile. Engarjly, Ldcefterfhire, NW, of BUf- E N G don. E»gay?!es,E{fex, between Great ?nd Little Claxton. Enger, in Ravenfburgh, Weftphalia. Engham, Berks, near Swinford. Enghien, a town of Hainaiiit. Engia, anciently Egina, a town, jfland, and gulf of Turkey, between Liva- dia, and the Morea. The ifland is about 30 miles in circumference. ENGLAr?D, the fou them, and tnoft con- fiderable part of the ifland of Great Britain, is bounded on the N. by Scotland ; on the NE. and E. by the German Ocean ; on the S. by the Engli/lj Channel ; and on the weit by the principality of Wales, and the Jrifh Channel. It lies between 2 degrees E. and 6 W. longitude, and between 49 and 56 N. latitude. It is of a triangular form. From the Land's -End in Cornwall, to Berwick-upon-Tweed, it 15425 miles; from Berwick to S. Foreland in Kent, it's length is 345 miles, and thence to the Land's-End, it's greateft breadth is 340, The country exhibits a variety of pro- fpefts, varying from the extenfive plain, and gently rifing uplands, with the inter- vening vales, and gently flowing rivers, to the lofty mountains, craggy hiils, deep dells, and tumbling torrents. Though in fome parts there are large banen moors, and v.'ide uncultivated heaths; on the vvhole, few countries have a larger propor- tion of land capable of culture, and there is none where agriculture is better attend- ed to, or, indeed, where it is more neceflary for the fubfiftenceof the inhabitant?. All the valuable pfrodu6lions, both animal and vegetable, of this country, have been im- poi ted at different periods, from the con- tinent; and have been kept up and improv- ed by conftant attention. Overrun with woods, like the wilds of Am.erica, nuts, acorns, crabs, and a few wild berries, form the only vegetable food, which this coun~ try formerly afforded. The bear, the wolf, and the wild boar, now totally ex- tii-pated, roamed at large in the forefts, large herds of flags ranged through tlie woods, roebucks bounded over the hills, and wild bulls ranged in the mar/liy paf- twres. By degrees, the woods were de- ftroyed, in order to make way for cultiva- tion, the marflies were drained, and, the wild animals, invaded in their retreats, gradually difappeared, and their places; were fupplied by the domeitic kinds. England now pcfl'efTes no other wild qua- drupeds than fome of the fmaller kinds, fuch as the fox, the wild cat, the badger, tlie martin, and others of the weafel kind, the otter, the hedge-hog, the hare and rabbit ; the Iquirrel, dorraoul'e, mole, and O 2 Icveral E N G Several fpecies jot tl\e.iatat)d nioufc. On tlic old" hand, the vaiioiis kinds oi do- mtlhc anim.ils, im|>oited fioin ab'oad, 1) 1' (r oeenieareJ to the gieatcft peife6\ion i and 111. impioviincntb in 'he vegetable products of litis, illand )i;tve been no Icfs cotilirlsrable. T.u' rigOiiis of \viiner> as V"Al US the parc.'iing heats of- liimnier, are f-.i iurc in a ipucti lot's dcgr.,e than in pa- jaiifl ^liinat«;s on t'le continent, as the bieczts vVom the lea teiiiper the feverities of the oppofitc lealbns j. but. tiie changes of wc'ithef are gentiuily uiore tjequenf .ai\il fiidden, while lew totinwies air clothed with to hcautitul and laftnig a verdure* It'i fiuntion, however, fo far north, is leU favourable to the ripening than to the growtli of vegetable pro.u6^iicns. The liH.rvefli, elj-ecially itvthi: northern parts, of en fufter tiont the rams, and rhe fruits i'aii iliortot perfe£l maturity: Tiiericheft parts of th.e land are, in ^eiieral, the mid- dle ai d loutlttrn : cxienlive tracts in the jiortiveni parts are iuiher tieril, and on the eaftern coafls, in many parts the ground is fandy or tnarfliy. In ih*; norcti tlie coun- tr-j is mountainous, and Cornwall and the adjaccntcounti.es contain many icugh hiliy traijls ; but in thefe partia variety of rich atjd vaiuabic minerals and ragtalsare [ound. The melt confideruble rivers are tiie T.iair.fs, Severn, Medvvay, Trent, Qufe, Tyue, Tees, Wear, Mcrley, Dc-e, Avot>, Eden, D-rwcnt, Sec. The lakes are chief- ly in the NVV. counties j and tiiole ot Weltmorland and Cunibeiland, in parti- cular, exhibit varieties of romantic, pic- turelque, and grand I'cenery. The river filh, from rht populoulnefs of the country, iind the number of fiCicrs, are in many part;, much diminiflied; hut the lea is an inexliaullibie tource, and the coafts are cn- liventii by numerous inhabitants, who gain their chiuf lubliitence from the deep. The jnanufacliues and commerce of this coun- try are prot!igious, and abiorb almoft the whole attention of mariv clalTes of people. The govemuicnt is a mixture ct monarchy, arillocracv, aintdentocracy. The national church eftabi-.fliment is epifcopal ; the 39 articles are interpreted by the clergy in general accor^fing to the liberal principles /of Arminius, altlicugh the 17th article ftrongly favours of the Caiviniftic creed. The difTentcrs are numerous, and ctdiffer- tnt del'criptions. and melt of the rigorous penal laws, whicii weiv long in torce agaiirfl th m, have been repealed. England, New, a country of North Amcnct, bouinied on the W. by Kew- Yo'k ; otv the N. by Canada ; on the E. by Nova Scotia and the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the S. by the fame ocean and Long E N N Ifland Sound. It is ^n many parts liiliyj hu' the country is ferule, well-cultivated and popidoiis. It was firff fettled by the Purifs.is, who werediiv. ii fnm' England, atdiffcnnt times, by perlecruitii The principal pjoduttions are wheat, Inilian corn, rye, oats, flax, iiemp, aini gara«.n ve- getables. The exports arc fifh, timber, horits, mules, potafh, pearlafli. lalted beef, &c. The colleges heie are in a floi nfh- ing ftate. It contains five ftates, naoicly. New Hamplhire, Maflachuiet's, Rhode- Ifland, Conneftieuf, and Vermont. The Ciinne6>icut, Merrimack, Penobicot, and Pii'cataway, are the principal rivers. E/ighburn, Dcvonfhire, ne-.r Totnefs. En^IrJield, Berks, i mile NW. of Theal, had it's name from the Danes being routed here by king Ethelwolf. Engkton, StafT. at the influx of Breewood Water into the Penk. Eitgleujood-ForeJ}^ Cumberland, formerly 16 miles in length, and infclted with wild boars, but now disfoielted j be- tween Carlifle and Penrith. Enhaniy Hants, NW. of Andover. Enian, a rjver in Cornwall, tunning in:o the Tamer near Brownwally. Enis, Cornw. near Penryn. Enifcrene, in Sligo, C.^imaught, ija riiiles from Dublin. Ehijleon, in Cork, Muniler. Enijlon-Head, a promontory in Donegal, Ulfter. Lat.5s. lo.N. lon.S. t,i^. W. Etthimacoodj, in Kilkenny, Leinltcr. Enmore, Somerfetf, near BriJgewater. Ennerddle, Cumbeiland, near Lamplugh. Heie is one of the lakes, or Broad waters, * Ennis, the affize town ot the county cf Clare or Thomond, in Munfi^er. A vill ige called Clare, is diltant about 2 miles from Ennis, which is alio fometimes called Clare. It is iiz m.les SW. of Dublin. Lat. 52. 4.5. N. Ion. 9. 5. W. * f^NNiscORTHY, a markct-town of Wexford, in Leinfter, 59 miles S. of Dub- lin. Lat. 52. 25. N. ion. 6. 36. W. Ennisfallen-ljland, in Kerry, Munfter. a beautiful ifle, in KlUarney Lake, where the tourifts generally dir.e. in a hall fitted out of one of the ai/les belonging to an ancient abbey, now in ruins. Enifneed Church, in Donegal, Ullter. Enm/kerry, a village in Wicklow, Leinfter, 10 miles from Dublin, on the road to the Dargle. Ennijhrry, the name of two iiiands on the coartof Clare, Munfler. They are lituat- ed near the Bay of Kilmurry. Lat. 52. 40. N. Ion. 9. 37. W. *E\NisKiLLEN, a market-town ofFer- managh, in Uiller, pleaiantly fcated on an ifland in a nairovv itrait between t!>e f.\» paits of Lough Erne. The linen manU- fa N". by E. of Lor,uon. Great quantities of butter , are made .in it's neighbourhood. Lat. 51. 46. N. Ion. o. 9. E. Markers enl Thurldiy and Fiiday. EppiNG F0REST,"iii the ^W. of'Efiex, formeriy very,?:xtenr!ve. , J^i various ,part^ of it, han;]fcme_ villus are erected. . EppiNGEN, a tMwn in the pnlatinate of the Rhine, circle of tlie Lower Rhine.' Epple'y, York/hire, W, of Daiiiijgton. Eppleto;:, $ miles from Durhain. *EPSCi\^, a.town of S.urry, onceceie- brated for it's mineral vvateis, and the falts produced froavthem. The orchards, gardens, &c. in and about it, give it a ru- ral appearance. It is '15 miles SVV. by S, of London. LaK'fi. 25. N'. loii..q.'ri5, W. Market on FViday. /".'"" Ej-'~Mell, Oxfordllnrei W. of Banbury.' Epworth,, a long fti'^ggling town in the IHc of Axholm, Lincolniliire, S r.iiles fro:n Burton Stather, and 166 from Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Erccl Cajilt, 5 miles from Shrewsbury. Ercol Ct:iUs, Shropf, ,NW. of Newport. ErdburroiJO, Leicefrerf. near Burrow. E}-- difigton, Warw. near the Tame, beuveen Birmingham and Sutton- Colefield. Erd~ are I'ome ruins of the walls, and five or lix marble columns, all of a piece, 40 feet in length, and 7 in diameter. It is now call- ed Ajalalouc, and has ftill Ibme nvagnifi- cent and curious remains of it's former fplcndor. The fortrefs feenis to be the work of the Greek emperors. The only . inhabitants are a few Greek families, who ■have reared huts among the ruirs to (liel- ter themfelvcs from the weather, and who arc fo illiterate, as t;t be unable to read, L.it. 50, 5.!.. N. Ion. II. 23. E. Eribol, Loch, an arm ot the Tea, oa the N. coaft of Sutherlandfltirc, affoiding a fate retreat to the largelt veffels, Ericht, Loch, a iarge lake In the NW. of the dilhia of Athol, in Perth- rtiire, extending into Invejuefslhire. Near this place wandered the unfortunate Pi mce CiKiiles Stewart, after his diicomfit-uiv .it Culloi.itn, in 1746, lurking in c ives and i^inons: rocks, txpofcvt to the vigours of O 3 the £ R N the climate, fometimes alone, at others with a few faitlit'ul adherents, till 'he, at length, efcaped tlie langniiKiry pnrtics that were in learch tor him, lured by the ottered reward. The waters of thi? lake dcl'cend into another, caljed Loch Raniioch. EriJge, SuflTcx, 8 miles from GriHrtead, Bridge, SuflTex,. N. of Rotherbridge. Erie, a lake of N. America, fituated between 4.0. 50. to /^i deg. N. lat. and be- tween 78. 50. to S4. W. Ion. It is about 2.60 miles long from E- ta W. and 40 to 60 broad. It communicates at it's NE. tnd with Lake Ontario by the Strait of Niagara. The iflands and banks towards it's W. end are muchinfcfted with rattle fnakes ; and, on the leaves of the large water lily, which grows here, covering the furface of the water, to an extent of many acres, myriads of water fnakes lie balking in the fun in fummer. Of the ve- nomous ferpents which infeft this lake, the hiding fnake, about 18 inches long, fmall and fpeckled, is accounted the molt deadly-. The wind, which it blows from it's mouth, if inhaled by the unwary traveller, brings on a decline, which proves mortal in a few months, no remedy being yet found to countera8; it's baneful influence. Erighill- Church, in Monaghan, Ulfter, 66 miles from Dublin. E'riholm, Yorkfliire, SE. of Darlington. Bringham, Suflex, between Steyning and New Shoreham. Erington, Northumber- land, SW. of Klrkhenton. Erifden, Nor- thumberland, near Tinmouth. ErissO, a town of Macedonia. Erith, Cainbridgefliire, between Holt- rvell-Fen and Somerlham, on the Oule. It has a caufeway leading from St. Ives into the Ids of Ely. Erith, Kent, on the Thames below Wojlvvich. Erivan, a city and province of Perfian Armenia The former is dirty and ill- built ; the ramparts are of earth, and there are about 800 houfer. The churches of the Chriftians are fmall, and half under ground, refemhling catacoi"n*is. Lat. 40. 20. N, Ion. 44. 10. E. Tms province is furroundtd by Georgia, Sclilrvan, Mou- gan, Aderbeitzan, and Turkilh Armenia. Erkblf.ns, in Juliers, Wcftphalia. Erlang, in Culembach, Franconia. Erleham, Norfolk, SW. of Norwich. Erles-M'ood, Monn. near Stioglc-Caftlc. Erlington, SiilT. SW. of Haylfnam. Erme, Cornwall, NE. of Truro. Ermii:g- Street, Hunt, the Romnn highway near Stilton, Eri'iiiigion, D:vcnihire. Erne, Lough, a great lake in Fcr- managli, Ulllcr, extending 30 miles in length j or raiiicr z lakes, joined by the E S E narrow (Irait, on which Ennlfkillen ftands. Erne, St. Cornwall, NW. of Salt:»(h. Ernelty, SulTex, near the liie of Sclfey. Eriie/borough, Devonlhlre, in Swinbridge parifh. Erpach, a town and county of Suabia, and a town of Franconia. Erpingham, Norfolk, 4 miles from Alc- fliam. Eruan, St. CornwiU, SW. of Pad- ftow. ErvoajJi, a river in Nottinghamfliiie, running into the Trent below Attenton. Erzerum, a city of Turkey, in Afia, built on a peninfula, formed by the fources of the river Euphrates.. It lies in a fruit- ful plain, 5 days journey from the Black Sea, and 10 from the frontiers of Ftrfia. The Tin ks al-e about 18,000, of wiiom two-thirds are janizaries ; tney arc moft of them tradefmen, and receive no pay : there are ahb 6000 Armenians and 400 Greeks, the latter of whom, being moltly braziers, are obliged to live in the fub- urbs, on account of the hoife of their ham- mers. The town is a thoroughtare for the caiavans which pais to the Indies. Their mei chandife is Perfiau filks, cottons, calicoes, furs, gall-nuts, rhubarb, and madder. Lat. 40. 4. N. Ion. 43. x. E. £/Zy, Yorkftiire, in Cleveland. EscHELLES, a to.vn in the depart, of Mont Blanc, 10 miles SW. of Cnamberry. Lat. 45. 30. N. Ion. 5. 45. E. EscHWEGEN, a town of HeiTe Rhein- fels, circle of Upper Rhine. Efcourt, Wilts, near Luggerlhall. Ef- crifk-HaU, SE. of York. EscuRiAL, a village of New Caftile, celebrated for it's palace and convene, built by Philip II. of Spain, in 1563. It con- fills of a royal mvmfion, a church built after the plan of St. Peter's at Rome, cloi- fters, a college, a library containing up- wards of 20,000 volumes, fhops of differ- ent artifts, apartments for a great number of families, an extenfive park and fine gardens, adorned with a great number of iount-tins. It ftands in a dry, barren country, furrounded by rugged mountains, and is built of grey (tones, found in the neighbourhood. This ftrufture, built in the form of a gridiron, becaufe St. Law- rence, to whom it is dedicated, was broil- ed on fuch an inftrument, was 22 years in building, and coft 6,000,000 crowns. They reckon in it 800 pillars, 11,000 (qnare windows, and 14,000 doors. In the vaulted chajiel, there is a magnifi- cent maufoieum, called the Pantheon, fi- niilar to that at R(^me. It is feated on the river Guadara, 15 miles NW. of Ma- drid. Lat. 40. 35. N. Ion. 3. 58. W. Efeftbu/l, Waiw. W. of Chtlter-Over. E S K Lnens, a town of E. Friefland, Weft- phalia. EsFARAiNj a town of Chorafan, Perfia. Efgill, Cumb. near Gargili. Ejhbury, Surry, near Conipton. Ejheld'Jjorth, Nor- thumberiantl, near Morpeth. *Efner, Surry, a beautiful village, t6 miles SW. of London, and 5 from King- fton, on the road to Portfinouth. Ejlier-Wattr'villey Surry, a manor in Kil'er parilh. EJJnng, Suny, SW. of Gidalmin. Ejldnglon, Northumb. E. of Morpeth. Efltton, Yorkf. W. Riding, be- tween Skipton and Settle. EJinden, Herts, 2 miles from Hatfield. Ejiugton, NE. of Durham. Ejii!gton,Ox':. near Chalgrave. E/ingtoHy StafiT, NE. of Wolverliampton. Efmgton, Yorkf. W. Riding. E. of Bol- land-Foreft. Efmgvjould, Yorkfliire, N. Hiding, NE. of Boroughbridge. EsK, or EasK, Lough, in Donegal, Ulftcr. This lake abounds with char, which are taken, in deep water, by nets. EsK, rivers in Cumberland 5 the largeil forms part of the boundary between Eng- land and Scotland, running into Solway Frith ; the leflcr near the fouthern extre- ini':\' of the county, runs into the Iriih Sea at Ravenglafs. EsK, a river of Edinburghfhire, formed by the junftion of two ftreams, called N. and S. Efk. They nearly encircle the town of Dalkeith, pafling on each fide of the eminence on which it itands ; and unit- ing a little below the town, this river fails into the Frith of Forth at Muflclbuigh. EsK, N. and S, two rivers of Angus- Ihire, defcendmg from the Braes of Angus. The former divides the county from Kin- cardinefhire for feveral miles, and reaches the German Ocean a little to the N. of Montrofe. The latter, after traverfing nearly the wliole breadth of the county, fails into the lea a little below the fame town. EJk, Yorkfhire, in Holdernef^. EJkdale, Yorkshire, in Whitby-Strand liberty. EsKDALE, the country about the E(k, both on the Cumberland and Dumfries- fliire fiJes of the river. EsKiMAUX, a people of N. America, inhabiting a traci of country called Labra- dor. They are low in ftature j their chief employment is hunting and fifhing, and they obferve fome fort of lacrifices. They live upon the raw flefh of whales, bears, iS:c. and go muffled up in fKin's, the hairy fides next their bodies. Their nights are from I to 6 months long, during which time tiie earth is bound up in impenetrable froif, and they live in a fort of fubterraneous habitations. On the return of the fun, ESS they have, during the fummcr, continuaj day, and lead a roving life. E/kle, a river in HercforJfliire, running into the Monnow, at Landtown. EJky, in Sligo, Connaugbt. EJir.by, Diuham, W. of Yarum. EsLiNGEN', a free town of Suabia, in- fulated in Wurteiwhurg. EsNE, EaSENAY, or AsNA, a town of Egypt, on the Nile, containing ibme mag- nificent ancient temples, with iiieroglyphi- cal infcriptions, &c. Lat. 14. 59. N. Ion. 32. 48. E. Esi'ERiE, a town in N. Hungary. E^ERNON, a town in th-,' lirpartment of Eure and Loir. EspiEKS, a town of Flander, 8 miles N. of Tournay. EfpUy, Northumb. NW. of Morpeth. Esquimaux. See Eskimaux. Effafe, Devonf. SE. of South-M»uIton, EJI'cheales, Northumberland, near Hrxham, Ejje, or Ajhden, Effex, near the Stour, NE, of Bumpited-Steple. EssECK, a trading town of Sclavonia, with a wpoden bridge over the mar.'hes., 8865 geometrical paces in length, and 15 in breadth. It is a great pafs between Hungary and Turkey, and is feated on the river Drave, 80 miles NW. of Bel- grade. Lat..45> 32. N. ion. iS. 4.0. E. Essen, 3 towns of Wellphnlia. Ejfenden, Rutland/hire, N. of Stamford. Essequibo. S;e IssEquiBO. EJfet, Northumb. in Elana manor. Essex, a county of Englan;'., bounded on the W. by Mlddlefex and Herts; on the N. by part, of Cambrind face of couniry ^gene- rally fertile. It's SW, part is occupied principally by the iorefts of . Epping and Hainaidt ; and is noted for it i butter. The NW. part from Satfron-Walden to Cambridge, is famous tor the growth of iaffror. The middle part is a fine com couniry, vaiied with gentle inequalities of furtace, and fprinklcd witn woods. What are called the Hundreds of Eflex, (thougli included in the himdreds of Barltaple^ Rochford, and Dengy) bordering on the Thames and the f<-a, confift chiefly of mai fliy grounds, which afford excellent paliuiage, yet are deemed unwholeibmej but more inland, they are dry, elevated, O 4- and EST and healthy; and even the woift parts of them are rendered healthier than iurmerly, by clearing the woods and draining the ftagnant waters. Great immbers of calves arc fcnt from hence to the London market, with other cattle ; alio fowls, wild and tame, and the <>ylters, known hy the rainc of Colchr(t'--r oyfters. The towns of Colcliefter, H^llkail, Coggeflial, B:ain- trce, Bocking, and Dimiiiow, arc didin- guifhed for the manufafture of baize. The principal rivers, bcfides the Thames, are the Stoiir, which falls into the German Oceaji at Harwich ; the Lt:a, Chelmer, Blackwater, Coin, Crouch, and Rodii:g. Chflinsford is the capital. PJSTAWPES, a town in the depart, of Eeiiie and Oife, feated on the river Loet, or Etarripts, which abounds with craw- fi/li. It is 15 iiiilesE. of Chartres, Lat. 4?. 27. N. ion. 2, 14. E, EsTAPLEs, a town in the dept. of the Pas de Calais, feattd at the mouth of the river Canches, iz miles S, of Boulogne. EsTAPO, or IsTAPA, a town of To- bafco, Mexico, 10 miles SW. of Villa Hermofa. Lat. 17. 30. N. Ion. 103. f.W. Ejiajlon, Shropfliire, N. of Wem, EsTAVAYER., 3 town and bailiwic of Friburg, in SwilTtrland, on the E. border of the fake of Ncufchatel. Lat, 4-6. 55. N. Ion. 6. 4.S. E. Efiberghoit, Sutf. SE. of Hadley. EJi'y, Ycrklhire, W. Riding, NW. of Skipcoii. Eficot, Wilts, near Swindon. Ejkot, Wilts, near Lavington. EJicot, Devouflnre, W. of Silverton, EsTE, a town in the Paduan, late a territory of Venice, EsTELLA, a town of Navarre, in Sp.iin. Eliet'.den, Herts,- between Hertford ajid Hallield. EsTEPA, a towri of Andalufia. Ejhrnvick, Ycrkftiire, in Holdernefs. Ejljield, Yorkfhirc, E. of Halifax. EsTHONiA, or Revel, a Ruffian go- vernment on the Baltic; bounded on the N. by thf Gulf of Finland, on the E. by Ingiia, and on the S, by the goveinment ofRiy:a. Efiington, Glouc. between Stanley and the Severn. Eftington, Norfolk, NE. of Buckcnham. E\Hngton, Nort. in the Marfh Land. Efileck, Giouc. NE. of Fairwcod, £JiUy, Dcvor.r. near Biddif rd. Efinor, Hercf. NE. ot Ledbury. EJJoft, Line, in Crowle parifn, EJlon, Yorki. N. Riding, NW. ot G:(b.jroi;gh. Ejhti, York!'. ne;ir Bridlington. Ejten, or Afion, Northamp. SW. ot Stamford. Ejhn-l^efloiiy North- anjpionlliire, near Towcifter. EsTRAMADURA, a prcvincc of Spain, E T II about 175 miles in length and 100 in biiadlh; * oun led on the W. by PonugaV, on the N. by Leon arxl Old Caftile, on the E, by New Caftile, and on the S. by Anilalufia. It ahountlo with corn, wine, and fmiis ; but the air is often extremely hbt. A part of thfs province hag been annexed to New Caltile and a j^art to Oid C^rtile, but there is yet a captam-genera), who commands the troops and luperin- tends the police. Es rHA.MADVRA, a province of Portu- gal, bounded on the W, by the Atlantic, on the N. by Beira, and on the E. and S. by Alentejo. It abounds with wine, ex- cellent od, lioney, or.-tnges, and iait. Here the oranges were firit planted liiat weic brought from China, known ftiil by the name of China oranges. It's cajiital is Lifbon. EsTREMOZ, a town of Alentejo, in Portugal, divided into the high town and the low. The houles are white, ami many of them adorned with marble pillars; here is alfo a tower cf marble, of a fine polirti. Here is a manufacture of beautitul earth- enware. It is 15 miles W, of Badajcx, and 75 E, ol Lifbon. Lat. 3S. 44, N. Ion. 7. 2I,V/. Esthwaite-Water, a lake in Lan- cafhire, between Hawkfliead and.Winder- mere-Water, two ir.iles and a halt in length, and half a mile in breadth. Arocnd it are villages and fcatteied houfes, Iwectly liluated under woods and hanging grouridc, clothed with the richelf verdure, heighten- ,ed by the deep Ihade of the woods, and the back ground of reeky mountains. Ejlrop, Hints, near Bafingllokc. EJl- njccod, Nott. on the Eiwafli, near Greyfiey- Caitlc. Ejljrfe, Dcvonf. near Bndport. Etall-Cajii'e, Northumberland, on the river Till, in Glendale, near Ford-Caltle. Etayaji, a town of Agra, in Hindoo- ftan, on the river Jumna. Many parts of the banks of this river are 6c feet high, and the town is ail built on the heights. It is'5i miles SE, of Agra. Lat. ;6. 43. N. Ion. 79. 25* E. . Etajn, a Imall town in the dept. of Meule, 13 miles ENE. of Verdun. Lat. 49. 15. N, ion. 5_. 55. E, EtLhir.fcrd, Sull. W. of Leonard's Fo- reft. EtheUniry-HUl, Yorkf. N. Riding, between Swaltuale and Wenfdale. Etkerd- "jtnck, YorkJhne, in Hoiderners, near Bur- ton-Conifabie. Ethiopia, a part of Africa, divided into Upper ana Lower. Upper Ethiopia includes Natolia and Abyfiinia. In Lower Ethiopia is compichenvied a great part of the iiitaior of Anica, N. and S. of the equator, ETC equator, as Mujak, Gingiro, Anziko, Mohu-enuigi, Alaba, Matamba, &c. Eikorp, War'.v. W. oF Southam. Etbrop, or Eydrop, Bucks, in Waddefdon parifti. Ethy, Coniwail, NE. of Fowey. Etienne, St. a town In the dept. of the Rhone and Loire, in which are confi- dciable manufaflorles in iron and fteel, and alio in ribands. Coal-mines are found in it's neighbourhood, and a foft ftone fit for grind-itones. It is 2S ntiles SE. of Lyons, and 260 S. by E. ot Paris. Lat. 45. 2.2. N. Ion. 4. 30. E. ETMNGENjin Baden Dourlacb, Suabla. Etloe, or Etejla-u, Gloucef. near Asvre, Etna, Mount, or Gibello, a cele- brated volcano in Sicily, on a mountain, which is 63 miles in circumference at the toor, and 10,954 feet in height. Not only the mountain, but all the neighbour- ing regions, appear to have been formed of the accumulating matter that has been ejeiSted, from age to age, from this never- ceafing furnace. The firft-^ruption of Etna, recorded in hiftory, is that mention- ed by Diodorus Siciihis, without fixing the period when it happened ; but the fe- cond, recorded by Thucydides, happened in the year 734. before the Chriftian era. From this period, to the year 1447, there were 18 more eruptions. After this it ceal'ed to emit fire near 90 years. The next eruption was in 1 536 ; others followed in 1537, 1567, 1603, (which continued till 1636) 1664 (^hich continued 14 years) 1682, 1686, 1693, 1755, 1763, 1764, 1766, 1780, and 1787. OF all thefe erup- tions, that of 1653 was, by far, the molt destructive. It was attended with an eartiiquake that, in an inftant, overturned tlie town of Catania, (though 10 miles diltant from the mountain) and buried 18,000 perlbns in it's ruins. It is well cultivated all round tiie foot, and covered with vines on the 8. fide; but on the N. .there is nothing but large forefts, Tlie top is always covered with fnow, though it never ceafes to fmoke, and often em.its flames. The cinders, which are thrown out in fmall quantities, ferve for maiuire to the adjacent lands ; but a large torrent does mifchief; and thenevvapertures which are fuddenly made, from time to time, arc alarming and dangerous to the inhabitants. Eton College, Bucks, feparafed from "VVindfor by an old bridge over the Thames, was founded by Henry VI. in 144.0, for the maintenance of a provolt and 7 Icllows, and the inltru6tion of 70 fcholars. There are ftldom lels than 300 fcholars here, be- fuieo tholi; on the foundation. The rere- noc is about 5P00I. a yeato EVE Ei07t, near Norwich. Eitlejhall, Warvr. NE. of Coventry. Etton, Northampton- fhire, near Maxey-Caltle. Etton, Nortii- amptonfliire, near Overfton. Ettrick, a (tream falling from th; mountainous part of Stlkirkfhire, through a romantic country, and joining with the Yarrow; after wliich their united waters mingle with the Tweed, where it enters the Ihire of Roxburgh. All thefe ftreams, with Ettrick Binks, the Braes of Yarrow, and Tweed Side, have been fweetJy fun^ ia Scottifti partoral. EtTveU-Hall, SW. of Derby. Eu, a fea-purt in the depart, of Lower Seine, feated on the river Erele. The principal trsde is in ferges and lace?. It is 15 miles NE. of Dieppe. Lat. 50. 3. N. ion. I. 30. E. E'vall, St. Cornwall, SW. of Padftovr, E'vart, Norchiunb. SE. of Flodden-Hill. EvAUX, a town in the dept. of Creufe, 11 miles E. of Gueret. Lat. 46. 13. N. Ion. 2. 7,8. E. E'vcdo7i, Line. NE. of Slenford. Eve. ley, W. of Derby. E^jeht, Yorkrtiire, N. Riding, near Sronedaie and Swaldale. E-velyn, Shropf. near Shefinall. E-uenall, Staff. SE. of Ecclefliall. Evi'72dy Farm^ Middl. N. of Staines. E^enlode, Wore. NE. of Stow-in-the-Would. E'venton, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, near Pickering, E'-cer- Church, or E-verach, Sonierletftire. W. of Bruton, EvERDiNGEN, in Dutch Guelderland. E'uerdon, Bedf. Ei'erdon; Northamp, E'verend, Gloucef. in Wollalion parifh. E--V€ruig, Kent, between Elham and Do- ver. Eueringham, York!", between Pock- lington and Market -Weigh ton. Enierlcy, E. and If. Wilts, between Ambrelbury and Savernake-Foreft. E'vcrcg-Brldge, in Down, Ullter, 7S miles from Dublin. E'verfden, Great and IJttb, near Cim- bridge. E'ver/ham, Yorkf. E. Riding, •SW. of Catterick. E'ver/Iwlm, fee E-ve- Jham. Ever/holt, B-.-df. E. of Woburn, Evershot, a town of Dorfetfhire, 12 miles NW. of Dorchefter, and 1-9 W. by S. of London. Lat. co. 53. N. Ion. z. ss- w. E'vcrjley, Kent, in Charing parifli. E'verjley, Hants, in the road from London to BaJingltoke. Ei'crion, Nottingham- fhire, E. of Bainciee. E'vertotiy North- amptonfliire, SE. of Newnham. *Ev£SHAM, a town of Worceflcr/liire, feated on a hill, riling with a gradual al- cent from the Avon, which almoft fur- rounds it. It is 14 miles SE. of Worcef- ter, and 95 NW. by W. of London. Lat, 5-- E V R 5Z. 4. N. Ion. I. 59. W. Market on Klonday. Evesham, the Vale of, in Wor- cefterfhire, on the banks of the Avon, which flows aloVig the SE. part of the county to the Sevtrn. It is celebrated for it's fertility and beauty ; and cornniu- nicating with the more extenlive one that borders both fides of the S.vcrn, gives to it the fame general name of the Vale of Evefliam. See Severn, Vale of. EuGUBio, a town of Urbino, in the pope's territories. EviAN, a town in the depart, of Mont Blanc, on the Lake of Geneva, oppofite to Laufanne. It is zz milts NE, ot Ge- neva. Lat. 46. 21. N. Ion. 6. 50. E. Eviljlon, Wilts, NW of Sali(bury. E'uilton, Somerfetfhire, NE. of Ilchtfter. E'vington, Herefordfture, SW. of Leomin- fter. E-vingloH, Kent, in Elmllead panfh. E-vington, SE. of Leictfter. EvOLI, in Principato Citra, Naples. EvORA, the capital of Alentcjo, Por- tugal, feated in a pleafant country, plant- ed witii large trees of divers forts. It is 65 miles E. by S. of Lifbon. Lat. 38. 30. N. Ion. 7. 46. W. EvoRA-D£-MoNTE, 1 5 miles NE. of Evora. EuPHEMiA, St. a fea-port of Naples. Euphrates, one of the moft celebrat- ed rivers in the v.'orld, r.nd ilie principal of Afiatic Turkey^ It has one fource about a day's journey, and anotlier two days' journey, from Erzerum. The plain of Erzenim is inclofed between two fine ftrcams, which, when united, are callid the Euphrates, or the Frar. After their junc- tion, three days journey from Erzerum, it begins to be navigable for. boats; but the channel is fo rocky, that the naviga- tion is not lafe. In it's caurle it leparates Aladulia and Syria from Diabekir, and Diabckir from Arabia, after wliich it runs through the Trac-Arabi, till it receives the Tigris, and 50 rniks hetow Builorah it falls into the Perilan Gulf. EuRE, a depart, of France, fo named from a rivti whicii riles near Pontgcin, in the depart, of Eure and Loir, and palfing ■^y Chartrts', falls into tiic Seine, above Pont de I'Arche. EuR£ and Loix, a department of France, ("0 called from the rivers Eure and Loir. Ic's capital is Charircs. EvREUX, capital of the dtpt. of Euie, feated on the river Iton. Here is a ma- nufactory oF cotton velvets, and another of ticken, which is not inferior to that of BiufTels. Thefe, with linen and woollen cloth, and corn, form iht piiiicipal articles EUR of it's trade. It is 25 miles S. of Rouen, and 55 NW. of Paris. Lat. 49. i. N. Ion. 1. 14. E. Europe, the Icaft of the four general parts, or quai ters of the vvorUi, is bound- ed on the W. by the Atlantic, on the N. by the Frozen Ocean, on the E. by Afia, and on the S. by the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. It is about 3300 miles in length, and about 2700 in breadth, and is fituatcd between 10 deg. W. and 60 E, Ion. and between 36 ami 72 deg. N. lat. As it nearly all lies within the temperate zone, here is neither the exceflive heat, nor the infupportable cold of the other parts of the continent. Though it does not af- ford the richeft prpduflions of the earth', nor abound in coftly mines, it is generally much more populous and better cultivated than the other quarters of the globe. The wild animals are but few, except in the woods, rocks, and mountains of the north, and of the Alps, but the domefticated are numerous. The chief mountains are the Alps, Apennines, and Pyrenees. The principal rivers are the Danube, Dniefter, Dnieper, Viftula, Volga, Dwina, Bog, Oby, Don, Scheldt, Rhine, Rhone, Seine, Loire, Garonne, Gioyiie, Tajo, Thames, and Severn. The principal lakes are thofe of Conftance, Geneva, Laufanne, V/enner, Ladoga, and Onega. Europe contains Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Great Bri- tain, Ireland, Huflia, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Hungary, SwifTerland, and part of Turkey, befide fome iflands in the Mediterranean and ell'e- where. There are three empires, namely, thofe of Ruflia, Turkey, and Germany^ The kings are thofe of Great Britain and Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Pruflia, Den- mark, Sweden, Sardinia, Bohemia, Hun- gary, and Naples, or the Two Scilies, There is alfo an archduke of Aultria,and a great duke of Tufcany. The republics are thole of France, Holland, SwifTerland, Genoa, Geneva, Lucca, San Marino, and Ragufa. The languages are, the Italian, Fie.'jch, Spanifh, and Portuguefe, which are partly a corruption of the Latin; the German, Flemiffi, Dutch, Swedifli, Danilh, and Englilh, which proceed trom the Teu- tonic ; the Sclavoniau, which predomi- nates in the language of Poland, Ruflia, Bohemia, and a great part of Turkey in Europe; the Celtic, of which there are dialeits in Wales, Scotl:.nd, Ireland, the N W. of France, and Lapland ; the modern Greek, and feveral others. The prevail- ing religious protefiion is the Chriftian, divided into the Greek, Romilh, and Pro- teftant churciies. Mibomeianifm is the eltabiifhed Q EXE eftablillied faith of the Turks, and there are numberlels Jews dilperfed in the dif- ferent countries. EusKiRCHEN, a town of Juliers, Weft, phalia, EusTATiA, one of the leaft of the Lee- ward Iflands, in the W. Indies, lying NW, of St. Chriftophers. It is properly a mountain in the form of a fugar-loaf, whofe top is hollow, or concave. It is ftrong by fituation, has a fort, and is fub- jed: to the Dutch. In 1781 it was taken by Admiral Rodney, but was foon after taken by the French, and reftored to the Dutch by the peace of 17B3, Lat. 17.129. N Ion. 63. 5. W. ' Eujlon-Hall, Suffolk, near Thetford. EuTiN, in Luheck, Lower S.ixony. Euxton, Lancafiiire, E. of Bank-Hall. EwEL, a town of Surry, having many fine lireanis of water, which, uniting, form a river fufficient to drive a mill in the town, and which falls into the Thatiies at Kuigilon. It is 10 miles NE. by N. of •Darking, and 13 SE. by S. of London. Lat. 51 26. N. Ion. o. 15. W. Market 'on Thurlday. £xuf/, Kent, near Feverfliam.. Enjueltne, vulgo Ne-ixielrnc, Oxfordf. S. of Britweil. Euoemiy, a river of Glamorganfhire, and a village near Cowbridge. Enverby, Line. NE. (if Sleaford, Envern-Minjler, the largeft parilh in Dorfetftiire : the Ewern ■rifes in it, and falls into the Stour at Sroiirpain. E-xubur/i, Surry, near Okeley. Eiuhurjl, Salfex, near Burwafli. E-ivood- Hall. York Oiire, W. of Halifax. Exvjliot, Hants, SW. of Farnborough. E-vjlons, Surry, near Darking. Ex, a river which rifes in the Foreft of Exmoor, in Somerfetfhire, and, leaving that county below Dulverton, flows by Tiverton to Exeter, widening from Top- iliam into an ettuary, which terminates in the Englilh Channel at Exmouth. Ex, Upper and Nether, Devonf. between Exeter and Bradninch. Exall, Warw. SW. of Aulcefter. Exall, Warw. a mem- ber of Coventry. Exhorn, Devonf. on the river Ock, oppofite to Stow. Exbridge, Devonf. near Bampton. Exbury, Hants, in the New Foreft. Execate, Suflex, near Cuckmere-Haven. *ExETER, a city of Dcvonfliire, fer^ted on the river Ex, over which there is a long ftone bridge, with houfes on both fides. The environs ot the city are hilly, and afford a variety of beautiful profpe6ls. The town, with it's fuburbs, Is about 3 miles in circumference; it's port is pro- perly at Topfham, 5 miles below, but veflels qI" above 100 tons come up to the £ Y N quay here. Exeter is one of the principal cities in the kingdom for number of inha- bitants, having 12 or 13 incorporate com- panies. It is the feat of an extenlive fo- reign and domeftic commerce, and parti- cularly (It has a fliare in the fiftieries of Newfoundland and Greenland. Here are confiderable manufactories of ferges and other woollen goods. It is 78 miles SW. of Briftol, 44 NE. of Plymouth, and 173 W. by S. of London. Markets on Wed- nelday and Friday. Exeter, a town of New Hampftiire, In N. America, on the S. fide of Exeter River. It has a good harbour, and Ibme rifing maimfadures, and is 15 miles SW. of Portfmouth. Exford, Somerfetftiire, S W. of Dunfter, ExiLLES, 3 town and fortrefs of Pied- mont, 6 miles WSW. of Suza. Exley, Yorkf. S. of Halifax. Exiniif fier, Devonf. 3 miles below Exeter. Ex- more, where the Ex rifes, a r.ioift, barren ground, near the Severn Sea, part in De- vonfliire, but more in Sosneri'eiihire. * Exmouth, Devonfliire, on the E. fide of the Bay, which forms the mouth of the river Ex, 10 miles S. by E. of Exeter. Exte, or OSte, SufF. near Hoxne. Ex- ton, Hants, NE. of Bifiiop's-Waltham. Exton, Somerfetf. near Eriimpton-Rsgis. Exton, or Oxton, Nott. near Sherv^ood- Foreft. Ex-wyck-Cle've, Devonfhire, near Exeter. Eya, Northamptonfliire, N. of Peterborough. Eyam, Derbyfhlre in the High-Peak. Eybridge, Kent, near Chart and Sutton-Valence. Eydon, Northamp- tonfliire, E. of Chipping-Wruden. *Eye, a town of Suftolk, whofe chief manufadures are I'pinning and bonelace. It is 20 miles N. of Ipfwich, and 91 NE. of London. Lat. 52. 25. N. Ion. i. 16, E. Market on Saturday. Eye, Heref. NW. of Leomtnfter. Eyg^ ford, Gloucef. 5 miles from Stow. Eye^' fort, Oxfordfhire, r.L-ar Woodftock. Eye- Hall, Camb. in Horningfey parilh. f^VEMOUTH, a fmall fea-port of Ber- wick/hire, at the mouth of the river Eye, where there is a tolerable herring-filhery. It is 9 miles N. by W. of Berwick. Eyesdale, or EsDALE, a fmall ifland on the coaft of Argylelhire, 7 miles SE. of Mull. It is noted for it's (late-quarries. Eyke, SufF. S. of Ri-ndkftiam, Eyker- hig. Netting. NW. of Newark. Eylef- ijoorth, Northamp. near C^ftor. Eynnn%e, Kent. Eymolt, a river in Welfmorl. and Cumb. running into the Eden at Hornby. Eyxdhoven, in Dutch Brabanr. Eyne, Bedfordfliire, in Gravenhurft pa- riih. ' Eynefburjt Huntingdonfliije, a ham- let F A I F A L let of Sr. Ncot's. £y wsfor J, Kent, UV/. thorp, Rucks, ne:ir QMarendon. Eyl9>ft ofAfli. Shropftiiie, -W. of Kiiij^MWood. Eytan. EyraC. See Irac. .S.'nopf. neir Shrawcidcii Calile. Eywcod^ *EvRE Court, in Galway, Con- Surry, SE. of Darkinp, Fyvjood Hcref. naught, a little S. oi'Clontert, and about S. ofTitiey. i[^u;or/A, Btriifortlfliiie, near 7* miles from Dublin. Potton. Eytbarne, Kent, near Walderfliare. Ey- JEzaguen, a town of Fez. F A I FAABORG, a town of Funcn, in Denmark, on the S. coall. It lies in a low and truitful fpot, and trades Lii corn and other proviGons, though ihe har- bour be indifferent. Near it is a ferry to the Ille of Allen. . Faeriano, a town of Ancona, in the Pope's territories, which contains fcvtinl rich monafteries, and a manni'aifui.e of paper. It is 35 miles SW. of Ancona. Faceby, Yorkfh, N. Riding, SW. of Stokefley. Fackham, Hants, NW. of Whitchurch. FaddeUy, Chefliirc, >V. of N;imptwich. FAtNZA, or Fayenza, a town of Romagna, in Italy, noted for it's fine earthen- ware. It is 16 miles SW. of jRavenna. Fahlun, the capital of Dalecarlia, in Sweden. It contains 1200 houles, wliich are generally of wood, two ftories iiigil, ar Faldo, Bedtordf. between Hitchin and . AmptliilL Fale, a. ri^er of Cornwall, falling into Falinooth-Hatbour. faiefield, GIouc. in Thornhury parif!). Faik^m, Kent, W. of Cobham. Falkborn, Elfex, near Witham. Falkenbero, a fea-port of Halland, in Sweden; alio a town of Stiria i a town of Lippe, Weftphaliay and a town oi the New Marchc, Brandenburg. Falkenham, Suffolk, on the river D:- ben, near Baudfey-Haven. *Falkirk, a town of Stirlingfliire. In it's ntighbourhood, the great markets for .Higiiland cattle, called Trylts, are held thrice' a year; 15,000 head of cattle are fometimes Jbld at one Trylf, which are, for the molf part, fent to England. It is % miles SE. of Stirling. Lat, 55. 57. N. Ion. 3. 5c. W. * Falkland, a town of Fifefhire, at the foot of one of the beautiful green hills called the Lomonds. The inhabitants are muftiy employed in agriculture. It is 18 niiics nearly N. of Edinburgh. L^-- S^' 18. N. Ion. 3. 7. W. Fa:,ki..'\nd Inlands, NE. of the Straits FAR Steaks of MageHan. Lat. from 51. 6. to <;2. 30. S. Ion. from 56. 30. to 62. 1 5.W. Falladon, Northuuib. in Emblcdon pa- rl(h. Faililroome, Chefti. N. of Maccles- field. Faihfii-ld, Northiimberl. between Hexham and ti;t Picls' Wall. Falser, Suilcx, SW. of Lcv/cs. * Falmouth, a lich, trading town of Cornwall, and the Ration of the packets to Spain, Portugal, and America. Tlie harbour here has lb many deep and well- ihelteied creeks belonging to it, that, next to Miliord-Haven, it is the beft road for fiiipping in Great-Britain. It is defend- ed by the caltles of St. Mawes and Pen- dennis, on a high rock at the entrarice. tt is 10 miles S. of ipruro, and 268 WSW. of London. Lat. 50. 8. N. Ion. 5, 27. W. Markets on Tuclday, Thurf- day, and Satmiday. False Bay, to the E. of the Cape of Good Hope, frequented by velTcls during thd prevalence ot the NVV. winds, from May to September, uhich render it dan- gerous to remain in Table-Bay. FalsteRj an illand of Denmark, S. of Zealand. Famagosta, a fea-port of Cyprus, oil the E. coait, in lat. 35, 10. N. and Ion. 35. 55. E. Yambrldge, A^ and S. Eflex, en each fide of Crouch River, near Crickfcy. pAMiME, Port, in the Straits of Ma- gellan, on the coalt of Patagonia, in lat. 53 42. S. and ion. 71. 28. W. Fangv, Efiex, near Canvty-Ille, Fan- ham-Hall, Herts, NE. ot Ware. Fano, a town of Urbino, in the pope's territories. Here aie the remains of a triumphal arch, erefled in honour of Au- guilus. Jt is I'eated on the Adriatic, 17 niihs nearly E. of Urbino. Fanthorp, Lincolnfhirc, near Louth, FaNTXN, a town and populous king- dom, on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, ex- tending about 30 n-iiles along the fea lliore. Here the Englidi and Dutch have forts. Scfides trading, they are employ- ed in tilling the ground, and drawing palm-wine. Fejit-lc'Roy Marjb, Dorfetf. near Can- dle Bidtops and Can.ile-,Marfh. * Fareham, a town ci Hamplhire, la miles SE. of Soutbair-ptoii, and 7+ W, by S. of London. Lat. 50. 53. N. Ion. 1.6. W.' Market on Tu:.!day. I'arejhy, Lincolnl". near Spilfby, Faret, Sulfcx, luar Giombridgt, FAatWELL, Capi-, the mcft fouther- ly promontory of New Gr.enland, or Se- kamunga, at the entrance of Davis's Straits. Lat. 59. 38. N. lyn.^-a. ^^. W. FAR Farforth, Line. SW. of BurvceH. Fargeau, St. a town in the dept. of Yonne, 82 miles SSE. of Paris. Lat. 47- 37- N. Ion. 3. 8. E. *Fari:;gdon, a town of Berkfhire, fituated on a hill, near the Thames. It is iS miles SW. of Oxford, and 62 W. by N. of London. Lat. 51.44.. N. ion. i. 27- W. Market on Tuelday. Faringdon, Devon!', be tv/een Exeter and Topfnam. Far'mgdon, Dorfetf, z miles NW. of Shrovvton. Faringdon, Hants, S. of Alton. Faringdon, Notr. W. of Newark. Farleigh, Dorfetf. near Bemin- fter. Farkfihorp, Lincoln!', near Alford. Farley, or Farley Wallop, Hants, near Ba- fingUoke. Farley, Hants, W. o'f Win- chcifer. Farley, Northumb. near Shot- ley Bridge, over the Derwent. Farley, Staff. E. of Ciieadle. Farky, Surry, near Cheifliam. Farley, E. and W. Kent, 4 miles from Maidlt'one. Farley-Hill, Wilis, near Bradford. Furlcy-Park, Somerlctfli. near Philip's-Norton, and 4 miles S, of F;ir!ey-Monckton. Farli/igion, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, near Sherilf-Hutton. Farliag- ton, Hants, SE, of Fareham. Farlton^ Lancaf. in Loynfdal-e. Farlton, Weftmor, near Kirkhy Lonfdale. Farmcot, Glouc- near Winclicomb. Farmcot, Gloucef. a hamlet of Guiting-Power. Farme, Ifle of Wiglit, in W. Medina. Farmingham, Kent, between Elthani and Troleby. Farmingtcn^ Glouc. nearly oppofite to N. Lech, on th8 other fide of the river Lech. Farnafs, in Kerry, Munfter. Farnhorongh, Hampfliire, 5 miles from Bagfliot. FarahcreKgh, Warwick!'. ne.ir Edgehill, Farnhorongh, Berks, near E, and W. Ilflcy. Farnborough, Kent, be- tween Bromley and Scvenoaks. Farnhc- rough, Somerf. SE. of Pensford. Farrj- co/.'ib, Surry, in Godalmin^- parifh'. Fart:- dule, Yorkl'. N. Riding, N. of Kirkby- Morelide, Farndijh, Bedf. NW. of Ode- hill, Farndon, Chefh. NW. of Malpas. Farndun, Norrhamp. i mile S,of Market- Harborough, Far»ejf eld, Kott. in Soutii- well pHrilli, *Farnham, a town in Surry, feated on the river Wey, is a great market for wiitat and oats, and the fineft hops are railed in plantations round it. It is 1 a nnies nearly W. of Guildford, and 39 WSW. cfL-ndon. Lat. 51. 16. N, lor.. o. 46. W, Maiket en Thurlday. Farhham-Royal, Bucks, i inilr below Clifd^n. Farnhurjt, Suff. between Gcdal- ming and Miuhurlt. Farmng-Wood,'^tiz- thanip. S. of Rockingham-Foreft. Farnicarncy, in Sligo, Connaught. Farn-ljlaniis, o;i the Ci^alt of Northumb. * J7 ih F A U 17 in number; the principal, Farn-ljlanci, IS about a mile in circumference, has a light-houlb oti it, and contains 6 or y acres of rich paltun.-. Farnla^iu, North- umb. N. of Kirk Wlielpinton. Farnley, Yorkfli. SW. of Leeds. FarnJey-Xyes, Yorkfli. SE. of Huthei-;.ficld. Farntony Nott. N. of Bilderton. FarntonHall, Durh. between Lumlty and Wcainiouth. farnwcorth, Lane, near Prefcot. Farn- luor'h, Lane. SE. of Bolton. Faro of Messina, the ftrait between Italy and Sicily, 7 miles over, fo named from the Faio, or light-houfe, on Cape Faro, and it's vicinity to Mcirma. Faro Islands. See Ferro. Faro, a fca-port of Algarve, in Por- tugal, do miles SW. of Tavira. Lat. 36. 54.. N. Ion, 7. 48. W. Farra, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Far- ranternple, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Farrertton, Somerf. between Mendip and Dunkerton. Farrington, Dorfetftiire, near Dorchefter. Farfet, Hunt. SE. of Peterborough. Farsistan, or Fars, a fertile pro- vince of Perfia, bounded on the N. by Irac Agemi ; on the E. by Kerman ; on the S. by the Perfian Gulf; and on the W. by Chufiftan. It is famous for it's wines, called the Wines of Schiras. Here are the magnificent ruins of Perfepolis. Fartach, a fea-port of Hadramaut, in Arabia-Felix. Farthin River, in Keiry, Munfter; Is navigable a confiderable way up, from Valentia Harbour. Fartbon, Shropfh. S. of Bridgenorth. Farnva)-, Devonf. W. of Culliton. Far- nvell, Staff. NW. of Lichfield. Far- nvorth, Notr. in Norworth paiifli. Fafe- ley, Warvv. S. of Tamwonh. Fajian- Ferme, Hants, near Portfrnouth. Fajl- biiry, Wilts, N. of Chute-Foreft. Fajhn, Hants, SW. of Afhmanlvvorth. Fajlon, Line. NW. of Grantham. Fajlon, Line, between Wit ham and Bafingthorp. Fajl- on, Wilts, S. of Savernake-Foreft. Fat- tenfield, Dcrbyftiirc, in the High Peak. FavagnaNa, a fmall ifle W. of Sicily. Faughard, a mount in Louth, Leinfter. Fauhfojfe, or Fangfoffe, Yorkf. E. Rid- ing, NW. of Pocklington. Fauld, Staff, near Tutbury. Faulick, Northumb. be- tween Oglecaftle and Catchburn. FauUer, OxW NW. of Woodftock-Park. Faunt- lercy^s-MarJIi, Dorfetf. near Folke. FAuquEMONT, or Valkenburg, a town ana diftrift of Limburg, on the Geule. Faafliot, Hants, near Alderfhot and Bramfliot. Faufdey, Notthamp. near Da- F E L ventry. Fauflon, Northumb. ncir Yar- row. Fauterley, Noi thumb, between the Tync and Shotky-Biidge. Fav.'bndget Eficx, on a river that nms to GunHeet. Fanvbridge, Lane. NW. f.f Colne. Fanjj, burn, Eflex, i mile from Witham. Faiv- cet-Houfe, Norihamp. E. of Farthinghoe. Faivhurjl, Sufftx, near Worth-Foreft, Fai.vhurft, Suftl'x, near W. Griiiftead. Fa'wley, Bucks, W. of Great Marlow. Faivley, Hants, In the New Foreft. Faiv- ley, Northumb. near SimonfDurn. Fanxj- ley-Chapeh lieref. on the Wye, NW. of Rofs, Faiuley, Great and Little, Btrks, near Lambourn. Faixifet-lVcod, Wcft- morl. near Whinfield. Faxfleet, Yorkf, on the Humber, 10 miles W. of Hull* f^A'/ow, Northamp. W. of Kettering. Fayfnce, a town in the dept. of Var, 10 miles from Graffe. Fayerhourn, Yorkf. between Pontefraft and Sherborne, noted for quarries of ala- bafter. Fayerlanu Chapel, Shropftiire, be- tween N. and S. ChAury. FayfieUl- Head, Staff. NW. oS Sheene. Fayland, Somerf. between Bedminfter and Portbu- ry. Fazeley, Staffordf. near Tamwoith. Feage, or Feock, Cornw. at the head ot Falmouth-Haven. Fearba7ie, or Firbane, in King's Coun- ty, Leinfter, 57 miles from Dublin. Fecamp, an ancient fea-port in the dept. of Lower Seine, 27 miles SW. of Dieppe. Feckenham, Worcefterfh. 7 miles from Bromfgrove, on the W. fide of It's foreft, Feddington, Cumb. W. of Brampton. Fedemore, In Limerick, Munfter. Fee?ie's Houj'e, Bucks, in White Wal- tham parifti. Felbrig, Norfolk, NW. of Grefliam. Felding, Norfolk, In Hemp- fted parifli. Feldkirk, a town and county In th« Tyrolefe, feated on the river 111, near the Rhine, 17 miles nearly E. of Appenzel. Lat. 47. 10. N. Ion. 9. 49. E. Feldon, Warw. a fertile champaign country, S. of the Avon. Felhampton, Shropf. between Bifliop's-Caftle and Cor- Iham-Caftle. Felix Hail, Efiex, near Cog- gefhal. Feltxkirk, YorkI'. near Thlrlk. Felixton, Suffolk, on the coaft. Felkinton, Northumb. SE. of Norham-Caftle. Fel- kirk, Yorkf. NE. of Barnefiey. Felletin, a town In the depart, of Creufe ; it's chief trade Is In cattle. Fellej, Nott. near Codnor-Caftle in Der- byftiire. Fellin, Durham, near Newcaftle. Fellin, in Terra-di-Lavora, Naples. Felling, 3 towns of Auftria. Felmingham, Norf. NW. of Wurfted. Felphrl<;t(hire, near Stalbridge. Fifekead, Dorletniire, SW.ofStourniinlter. Fifehcad, Somerfe'fliire, W. of Lidiard Bilbops, Fifuhead, Sonitrretniire, SW. of Langport. Fifehule Ne-uil, Dorletfhire, NVV. of Durwtfton. Fifchide-Magdale?i, Dorfctniire, i mile from Marnhuil. FiFESHiiiE, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the river Tay, part of Perthfliire, and the ccranty of Kuirofs; on the E. by the Germ?.n Ocean and tlie Fritli of Forth; on the S. by the Frith of Forth; and on the W. by the counties of Perth, Kiurofsj and Clackmannan. It is about 38 miles in length, and from 7 to 16 in breadth. This country iij fertile in foil, abundant In cattle, funplics coals, iron, Jime, and fieeftone,; is uiicomrnonly popu- lous, and has a number ut flourilhing ma- nufactures. The whole (liorc, from Crail to Cidrofs, is oni; Continued chain of towns nnd villages, and property is remark;ibly well divided. llfifld, Berks, in the parish of Bray. n/u'ld, Oxfcrdfliire, near Benfon. Fifitld, VVilts, between Enford and Nether-Haven. F'field, Glducdlerfliire, in Eaft-Leach Mar- tin pariDi. FicE.\c, a town in the dept of Lot, fcated on the river Selle, 14 miles NE. of C'ahors, and 270 ,S. of Paris, Lar, 44. 54, N, Ion. 2. 10. E. Fighclden, Wilts, N. of Buckminfter. Figi'vee, in Derry, Ulfter. FiGUERA, a town of Catalonia.. FiGUEIRO-DOS-VlNHOS, a town of Portuguefe Eiframadura, ftated near the vivtr Zizere, and celebrated for its wine. it is 20 miles N. of Thomar. Filby, Norfolk, lietween Hicklingr and Yarmouth. . Filcy.,Bay and Bridge, York- ihire, NW. of. F!aniborough-H.<3d. Fil- grace, Bucks, between Newport and Oul- ney. FL^im, Oxford iTi ire, near Lechdale. Fir.LEK.a town of N'ovigiad, Hungary. tiiln, jPvVVJji.i. 3 miles fiom S. Moui- ton. //";«5-/(W;;,.LirKol'uhirt5nea) Gitnt- F I N worth. Filliiigley, Old and Nenv, Warw. SE. of Colefiiiil. Filiwood FureJ}, Somer- feiOiire, W. of KeynfluuM. Fillon, Giou- ctderfliiie, 4 miles from Brilloi. Fin, a river in Donegal, Ulfter, Finae, in W. Meath, Lcinfter. Fin- Awn, a river of Cork, Munfter. Finale, a town on the coaft of Genoa, Finale, a town of Modena. Fittbarron.u, SufTolk, near Stow. Ftnho- rough, Chefliire, in Delamere Forcli. tin- f/'^w, Norfolk, SW.of SwaiThnm. Finch- a/njled, Berks, between Swallowficld and Sandhurft. Fincbcolls, Kent, in (Joud- liurft parifli. Finckcud, H^-rts, NE. of Stevenage. Finchinafidd, ElT x, E. of Thaxted. Finchley, Middl. between Hen- don and Coneyhatch, Findern, Derby.'", between Derby and Burton-upon-Trent. FiNDKORN, a confideralile fifliing town and river of Elginfliire, in Scotland, wliicii is a commodious ftation forlhipii. It is ) miles W, of Elgin. Fiiidon, Northamp. a miles from Wcl- linborough. Findo/i, Suflex, near Srening and Cxfar's-Hill. Fiiigall, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, near Conftable Burton. I-ingcrfit Bucks, W. of Hig-h-Wycoir.be. Fitig' land, Cumberland, in the pai iih of A6lon. Fiiiglcifs, in Dublin, Lcinfter, within '3 miles ot the metropolis. Fingkjham, Kent, N \V. of Di.al, Fiijg- ninboe, Eflex, near Colchcfter, Finni/tg- ha?):, Suffolk, NW. of Mendlefliam. FiNisTF.RRA, Cape, the moft weflern part, irot only of Spain, but of the coiiti- rent of Europe. It was formerly thought to be, as it's name imports, the End of the Earth, Lat. 42. 52. N. Ion. y. 17. W. FiNiSTERRE, a department of France, being the moft wefterly part of that coun- try, and part of the ci-devant Bretagne. Quimper is the chief town. Finkley, Durham, S. of Lnmley Caflle. Finland, one of the five general divi-.. lions of Sweden, bounded on the N, l)y Lapland, on the E, by RufTia, on the S. by the Gulf of Finland, and on the W. by that of Bothnia. It contains the pro- vinces of Finland Proper, the Ifle of CE- land, Oftrobothnia, Tavafteland, Nybnd, Sayolax, and Kymmenegards Lthn. It is a pretty fruitful country, but principal- ly abounds in palhire and cattle. It's lakes are well flocked with fnli, which, w;ith cheefc and butter, forms a principal part of their trade. It is about 160 miles in length, and ico in breadth. Abo is the capital. . ■ Fjaland, Gulf of, the mcfl eaflerly bnnch of the Baltic. Fin LAXD, Russian. SeeWiBURCH, Fin- F I S FiN-MA-CouL, or Fingall's Cave. See Staffa. FiNMARK, divided into E. and W. a di(hi6l of Norway, in the goveininent of Wardhuys. Finmere, OxfonlJ". NE. of Caversfield. Fi'niingh-y, Nouingh. SE. of Dcncafttr. Tmnis, in Dowc, (JKter. FinJJiam, or Fjubam, Warw. a member of Stonely. Fvijhe-ued, Northamptonfhire, 1 nule fiom Bler!itrvvic. , FinJIock, or Fin- fcott, Oxfordlliire, nt-ar B mbury. Fintona, in Tyrone, Ulfter, 93 miles from Dublin. Fintoiv7i, in Donegal, Ui- i\.tv, 125 miles from Dublin. Lough-Fin, 2 miles long, but not very broad, is within a quarter of a mile of it. FiONDA, a town of Natolia, on the Gulf of Satalin. FiORENZA, St. a lea port of Corfica. F1OR.ENZUOLA, a town of Piirma, and a town of Tul'cany. Fippenny- Aiikford , Dorfetf. S. of Sfonr- minfter. Firbank, Weftmorl.NE. of Ken- dal. Firhy, Yorkf. SW. of New-Malton. Firhy, Yorkf. N. Riding, SE. of Bedal. Firmingham, Sulfcx. Firjhy, Line. SE. of Spilfby. FiJJibor/t, Darh. between Stock- ton and Durham. Fijh'wy/J, Sudex, near Beachy-Head. Fier on-Anger, Wilts, nearSali(buiy. Fijlier on DelamerCfWiUs, near the Willey, NW. of the Langfords. FlSHER-Row, a town of Scotland, near Edinburgh, on the river Elk, oppofite Muf- lelburgb. FiJJier's Hall, Kent, in Hndlow parifli. FiJ/urtoiiy Nott. near Southwell. FiJJier- 'wick, Stafford!'. E. of Lichfield. Fifibke, Yorkf. VV. Riding;, W. of Thorne. FiJJi- ley, Norfolk, NWlof Yarmoudi. Fijhoufe, Ille of Wight, in E. Medim. FiSHKARD, a town of Pcmbrokelhire, fituated on a deep cliff, at the influx of the river Gwaine, wliich here forms a fpaclous bay, where veflels may lie fafely in 5 or 6 fathoms water. Here is a confiderable trade carried on in herrings. It is 24.1 miles W. by N. of Londjii. Mirket on Fi iday. FisH-RiVER, v^REAT, in Africa, di- vides Caffraria from the country of the Hottentots, and falls into rhe Indian Ocean, in Lat. 30. 30. S. The deepeli parts ot this river are inhabited by the hippopotamus, and the adjacent forefts by elephants, rhinoctrofcs, and buffaloes. Fipuoft, Lincolnfl-.ire, near S;>lton. Fipi- Hvick, Lnncaihire, in Amoimdernefs. Fif- kerton, E. of Lin^:oln, on the Witham. FisTHLLA, or the Fe?za, a town in Morocco, the inhabitants of which trade in fine garments. I: is 125 mihs NEi of Mcrocco. FLA Flttk'worth, Sulfex, E. of Petworth. Fitting, Yorkfhire, in Holderneis. Fits, NW. of Shrewlbury. Filtleford, Dorfet- /hire, N. of Stourminftei-. FittUton, Wilt- fhire, near Aoibrefbury. Fitzjord, Devon- fhire, near Taviltock. Fitz.kec.d, Somcr- fetfliire, E. of Wivelfcomb. Five Churches, a town of Hungar}'. Five-Mile-Crofs, Ruthndftiirej between Stamford and Grantham. Fiue-Mii£.Bridge, in Cork, Munfter. Fi've-Mile-Toimt, in Tyrone, Ullfer, 81 miles from Dublin. FiUM, a populous town and province in Egypt. The Cophts have here a bifhop's fee. The articles 0/ trade are fine leather, carpets, flax, linen, mats, raifins, and figs. Here are many ruins of magnificent anci- ent Ifruclures, and the province contams a number of canals and bridges, built by the ancient Egyptians. It is itated on a canr.l, which communicates with the Nile, 70 miles SW. of Cairo. Lat. 39. 2. N. Ion. 30. 49. E. FiTUME, or St. Veit, a fea-port of Carniola, on the Adriatic, noted for wines, figs, and other fruits. It is fubjeft to Auftria. Fixby, Yorkf. near Huthersfield. Flac- Ueton, SE. of Northaiiipton. Fladbury^ Wore. 2 miles NW. of Evelham. Flad- more, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, N. of Kirby Moor-Side. Flaghoufes, D.rbyfliire, in the High-Peak. Fiamberds, Elfex, S. of Mai- den. Flamberds, Middkfex, in the parifh of Harrow-on- the-Hill. Flamborough-Head, a remarkable promontory of Yorkfhiie, the white clifis of which are feen at a confiderable dillance at fes, and ferve for a direction to mariners. Unnumbered multitudes of fea- fowls neflle here among the rocks, and fill the air with their cries. It is five miks nearly E. of Burlington. Lat. 54.. 9. N. Ion. o. 4. E. Flamborough, Yorkl'. a village fituated on the promontory which forms Burling- ton Bay. Flamborough, Nottingh. in tne paiifhcs of Orfton and Staunton. Flam' Jled, Herts, on tise river Verlam, 2 miles from Market-Street. Flctmflon., Wilt- fhire, between Wardonr Caftie andSaruin, Flar.chford, Surry, in Ryegate pariih. Flanders, a province of the Nether- lands, or Belgium, heretofore divided into Dutch, Auftiian, and French Fianders, but now annexed to France. It's greateft length is about 60 miles, and it's breadth 50. It is bounded on the W- by the Ger- man Ocean and Artois; on the N. by the mouth of the Scheldt and the fca j on the , E. by Brabrtnt and Hainiulr ; and on the S. by Ha'mault and Artcis. I:' is a cham- P t F^^t" F I. E pnign country, uncommonly fertile in prain and paftures, and tlie air is wlioleloinc. The F'leiiiings were ibrmeily the principal Dianufailurcrs and intrclianis of Europe, nnd from them tlie Englifli learned the art of weaving. 'IMuir tai>!e liiiens, lace, and tapelhy, aie yet fiiouglit to be luperior to ail oUiers. Flanker's- Hall, VVai w. near AthcKtone. yiatifhnm, SuilVx, near Feipliam. Flajhy, Yorkdure, W. Riding, N\V. of Skipton. Flajby, Vol kill ire, betwitn Weflicrby and "Jioroiighbridge. Flajk, W. (jf Duiham. Flattery, Cape, on the W. coaft of N. America. Lat, 4.8, 15. N. Ion. 124. 57. VV. And a cape on the NE. coaft of New Kolland. Lat. 14. 56. S. Ion. 145. 17. E. FUruell f//-i;or!, Sutf. near Chichtfter. Fountain- Abbey, York/hire, W. Riding, near Bo- roughbridge. Four-Feet-IJJaad, Kent, near Margate-Road. Four- Mile- If'ater, a village in Water- ford, Muiiftcr, 4 miles from Cionmell. FouRNEAt-'X, a fmail, low, circular ifland of the S, Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Bougainville, and afterwards by Capt. Cook. Some Inhaliitanrs and cocoa trees were iecn. Lat. 17. 1 1. S. Ion. 143. 7; W. Founiej's, Lane, in Loynfdale, a traft between the Kent, Leven, and Duddtn Sands : here are liately ruin's of an old ab- bey. The continuation c\' Fournei's-FcUs to the S. forms a promontoiy running out into the lea, cr rather, the fands, which are croifed at low water by the affiltance of guides. Foiir-Shire-Stoms, Oxfordf. near Cartlcton. Fojvberry, Northumberland, near Ogle. Foxvchurch, Herefordfliire, SE. of the Golden Vale. Fovv EY, or Fov, a town and harbour of Cornwall, feated at the mouth of the ri- ver Fowey, which riling in the NE. part 01 the county, and running in a SW'. di- reftiop, FOX re6lton, pafTes Leftwithiel, and here falls into the Englifh Channel. It was formerly, tor it's maritime exertions, made a mem- ber of the Cinque Ports, and now has a confiderable fliare in the pilchard fiflicry. It is 31 miles SW. of Launcellon, and 240 W. by S. of London. Lat. 50. 19. N. Ion. 4. 49. W. Market on Saturday. Fo^lnefs, Norfolk, NE. of Oxborough. FoiJolnefs, an ifland E. of W^lfieet. Fon.vl- Sutton, SE, of York. Fo^wmind, Heref. W. of the Golden Vale. Fon.v7ihope, SE. of Hereford, on the Wye. Foxall, Suffolk, SE. of Ipfwich. Foxbrooky Staff. NW. of Draycot. Foxcoat, Norlhamptonfliire, near Towcefter. Foxcoat, Warwickfnire, a member of Ilmington. Foxdenton, Lan- cafhire, NE. of Manchefter. FoxFORD,a town of Mayo, Connaught, fituated on the river May, which, about a mile and a half below, falls into Lough Conn. It is about 8 miles nearly N. of Calllebar. Foxham, Wilts, NW. of Calne. Fox- hearJ, Suff. between Clare and Sudbury. Foxholes, Dcrbyfliire, in the High-Peak. Foxholes, Yorkfhire, W, of Burlington. Fox Islands, a group of iflands in the Northern Archipelago, 16 in number. They are leated between the E. coalt of Kamtfchatka, and the W. coaft of N. America, between 52 and 55 i\tg. of N. latitude, and are fo named, on account of the great number of black, grey, and red foxes with which they abound. The in- habitants drel's in furs, and ornament their lieads with fliowy caps. They live toge- ther in focieties of families united, which form what they c:;ll a race, who mutually aid each other. The inhabitants of the fame iiland account themfelves of the fame race ; and each looks upon the ifland as a poffcfnon which is common to all indivi- duals of the lame fociety. They have nei- ther chiefs nor fuperiors, neither laws nor puiiifhments. They feed upon the flefti of all forts of lea animals, and generally eat it raw. When they drefs their food, they make ufe of a hollow ftone, in which they place the firti or flelh ; they then cover it with anotlier, and clofe the interltlces with lime or clay; they then lay it !iorizontally on two ilones, and light a fire under it ; aii'.i by this mode of cookery the meat re- tains more of it's fucculency. The meat intended for keeping is dried without fait, in the open air. They feed their child- ren, wiien very young, with the coarfcft flefh, and tor the molt part raw. If an infant cries, the mother immeJiately car- ries it to the water, or lea fide, and, whe- ther it be lumiaer or winter, plungics it in F R A naked, and holds It there till it is quiet. This inures them to the cold, and accord- ingly tiiey go barefooted tiuougli the win- ter with no apparent inconvenience. The Ruflians trade with tliem, and call their illands the Lyffie Oltrova. Foxley, Norf. SW. of Rejjeham, FoX' ley, Wilts, near Malmlbury. Foxton, Camb. near Harlfton. Foxion, Durham, W. of Foulthorp. Foxton, Leic. 2 miles from Markct-Harboiough. Foye, Here- ford(hiie, N. of Roffe. Foye IVell, Corn- wall, SE of Camelford. fo)'////j«, SufTex, W. of Pevenfey. Foyjjon, YoikHiire, W. of Knaretborough. Fraga, a town of Arragon, fituated on a fharp rock, near the Cinca. The gardens produce herbs and lafTion, but the parts about it are barren. It is 46 miles ESE. of Saragofla. Franiefden, Suffolk, near Debenliam. Frnmficld, Sufl\ between Aflidown-Foreil and Haylfliam. Fra>niloJge, Gloucclterf. the paffage over the Severn to Ncwnliam. Framingham, Norfolk, SE, ol Norwich. Framlingham, a town of Suffolk, with a caftle built by fome of the kings of the E. Angles; the walls yet ftanding, are 44 feet high, and 8 thick, with 13 towers abovi them. It is 30 miles E. ot Bury, and 88 miles NE. of London. Lat. 52, 23. N, Ion. I. 29. E, Market on Satui'. Framlington, Northumberland, a mem- ber of tiie manor of Felton.. Frampton, a town of Dorfetniirc, feated on the river Fiome, 12 miles NW. of Weymouth, and 126 W. by S, of London. Lat. 50. 45. N. Ion. 2. 50. W. Market on Thurfday. Frampt07i, Glouc. between Stroud and the head of the Ifis. Frampton, Line, S. of Bofton. Fra?npton, Berks, in E. Hen- dred parifli. Fmmpion-Cotterel, Glouc. 5 miles SW. of Sodbury, Frampton-upon- Scvern, a parilh of Glouc. between Berk- ley and Newnhani. France, including Belgium, or the ci- devant Aultrian Netherlands, is a country of Europe, bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the N. by the Eng- lilh Channel, the German Ocean, and Holland ; on the E. by Germany, Swif- feiland, and Piedmont ; and on the S. by the Mediterranean Sea and tlie Pyrenean Mountains ; extending from 4, 48. W. to 8. 2i. E, longitude, and from 41. 24. to 51, 24, N. latitude. From Spin, on the S. to Holland, it's extent is nearly 700 miles ; and about 650 from the molt ealt- erly part of the departmcni o\ the Lower Rhine, to the welterly part of that ot Fi- nifteire. The air, particularly in the in- terior F R A terior pnrts of the country, is, in rjcneral, milil and wliolcfomc, and tlicir we;«flK'r more clear and fettled tli.in in England: in the northern (lepaiiments, however, the winters are inteiidly cold. The foil is ayret.ibly diverlified, and yields cornj wine, nnd oil : figs, prunes, and various highly-fl ivcurtd fruit* ; tobacc6, hemp, fl;ix, ryanna, laftVon, and many drugs. Silk, is alio produced in great plenty; The forcrts are extenfive, and the mineral productions various. It's fituatio.i is in- voHiable to comnnrce, and the inliabit- nuts have long availed themfeh'es of many ot thivir natural advantages. The princi- pal rivers oF F^rance are the Loire, tl\e Rhone, theGaronne, tht Seine, the Scheldt, the Rliine, the Samrtie, the Var, the Adour, &c< the advantages of winch, in commerce and conveniency, are confKler- ably impp ved by the artificial rivers and canals which have been executed. The nioft confiderable moimtains, befkles the Alps and Pyrenees, are Mount Jura, the Cevennes, and Mount Dor. Wolves ex- cepted, France contain*; few animals, wild or tame, that arc not to be found in Engv land. Tiie prefent goveinujent oT Fiance is a republic, eftahlithed profcifcdly on the principles of equality; and they have not any political eltablilhment of religion. The F.ench, in their manners appear more affable and eaiy than theirncighbourson the cait J id's trifling and certuionious than thofe on tlie fouth ; and not fo abforbed in the purl'uit of gain as the Englifh and Dutch. Their polite, elegant, and eafy language is morfe generally fpoken than any otlitr in tiie world. France, Isle of, a ci-devant pro- vince of Fiance, fo c;'.lled, becauie it was bounded by the rivers Seine, Marne, Oi!'e, Ailnc, arid Ourque. Paris was the capi- tal. France, Isle of, or Mauritius, an ilhnd in the Indian Ocean, about 4.5 leagues in circumference. Indigo is the the genera! oljjecl of cultivation, and at- tempts have been made to rear cochineal, as the ifiand abounds with the plant on which the infeffs lie, but a fmall bird de- ftroys them. It's ebony is the moll Iblid, dole, and fliining of any in the world. Here are numerous groves of oranges and citrons, and the pineapple grows fponta- iieoufly in great perfeAion. Here is alfo abundance of black cattle, venifon, and wild fowl, with potatoes, and other legu- minous roots. There are two fine har- bours, one on the E. fide, and the oiher on the W. This ifiand was firif dii(:overed by the Dutch, in 1598, who gave it tik F R A name of Mauritius, in honour of the prince of Orange. About 40 years after they began to form fettlemenss here, hot in the beginning of the prefent century the cotony was withdrawn, ?.nd the ifiand was taken poffeflTioa of by the I'^rench, in whofe hands it has remained ever fince. Tiie inhabitants, black and white, amount to about 20,000. Lat. 20. 10. S. Ion. 57. 29. E. Francfort on the Maise, a frte imperial city of Fianc<.nia, noted for it's two great annual fairs. The Calvinills and Jews hers are numerotis, indtiftrious, and rich, but lie under divers fufnptuary leftriftions. The magiftrates are Luther- ans. It is feared on the river Maine, v.'hich divides if in two, 15 miles NE. of Mentz, and 350 W. by N. if Vienna. Lat. 50. I. N. Ion. g. 22, E. Fk^ncfort on the Oder, a town of the Middle Mirche, Bi an den burg, for- merly imperial, but now lubjcft to the king of Pruflia. It is remarkable for it's three great f^iirs, and it's univerfity. It is 4.8 miles SE. of Berlin. Lat. 52. 23. N. Ion. 14. 39. E, Franchk Comte, a ci-devant pro- vince of France, now included in the three departments of Doubs, Jura, and Upper Suone. • Franchtmont, a town of Liege, Franchis, SulfcX, NW. of Burwalh. Fraiicks, Kent, E. of the Grays. Francois, CaI'E, a tiourldiing town, with a fine harbour, in the N. part of Sc. Domingo. It is the capital of the French part, properly fo called, of that ifiand. Lat. 19. 46. N. Ion. 72. 18. W. Franconia, a circle of Germany, nearly in the centre of the empire, extend- ing about 95 miles from E. to W. and 88 from N. to S. The middle parts are fer- tile in corn, wine, and fruits, but the frontiers are mountainous, woody, and little cultivated. FranSlon, VVarwickf, on the Fofs, near Dunfmore-Heath. Fran8on, Englijh and Welch, Shiopfliire, near Ellefmere, Franeker, or Tranker, a town of W. or Dutch Friefland, with an univerfi- ty. The public buildings are magnificent. It is 7 miles SW. of Lewarden. Lat. 53. 11. N. Ion. 5, 33. E. Frarikfield, Suflex. Frartkbj, Cheflilre, between the Dee and the Meriey. Frankendal, a town of the Lower Palatinate, circle of the Lower Rhine. Frankenstein, a town of Mufter- burg, Silefia; alfo a town cf Darmftadr, circle of the Upj'er Rhine ; and a tovvn of Deux Pouts, circle v\' the Upper Rhine. Frui^kforJ, F R E Franlfcrd, In King's County, LeinRcr. Frankhaniy Dorletl'. in the parifh of Ryme-Intrinleca. Frankky, Worcelterf, between Bromfgrove and Birmingham. Franfden, SiifFolk. Franjkam, Great and Li tUm'tioT'i. NE. of Svvaffham. Frantone., Gloucefterfliire, in Winchconibe parifli, Frajlenhy, Yorkfhire, near Scarborough. Frathorp, Yorkfliire, S. of Burlington. Frating, EflTex, E. of VVivenhoc. Frauenfield, a town of Swiflerland, capital of Thorgau. Here, fines 1712, the deputies of the Swifs cantons afiVmbie in general diet. It is 14 aules SW. ot Conliance. Fraustadt, a townof Pofen, Poland; and a town of Poland, on the frontiers of Silefia. Frazv, a river of Anglefea. * Frazersburg, a fmall town of Aberdeenfliire, near the promontory called Kinnaird's Head, on which there is a light- houle. It has a tolerable harbour, and is 40 miles nearly N. of Aberdeen. Freaby, Leicefterfliire, near Waltham- on- the- Would. Freajley, Warwickfhire, between Wiieatley and Polei'worth. Frec- kleton, Lancafhire, on the Ribble, S. of Kirkham. Fredburg, a town of Upper Bavaria; a town of S;irla; and a town of Wettera- via, cii cle of Upper Rhine. FRt;DENBURG, a town of Weftphalia. Frederica, a town of Georgia, in N. America, on the river Alatamaha. The ifland it ftands on, called St, Simon's, is about I 3 miles in length and 4. in breadth. Lat. 31. 6. N. Ion. 80. 20. W. Fredericsburg, a palace of the king of Denmark, on the Ille ot Zealand. Fredericsburg, on the Gold Coaft of Guinea. Fredericsburg, a town of Virginia, on the S. fide of the Rappahannoc River. It contains about 200 houfcs, and is 20 miles S. by W. of Falmouth. Lat. 38. a. N. Ion. 77. 2o. W. Fredericshall, a town of Agger- huys, in Norway, on the frontiers of Swe- den. The harbour is commodious ; but the large quantity of faw-duft brought down the river from the different faw-miils, occafions an annual expence to clear it away. At the fiege of this place Charles XII. of Sweden loft his life. It is 48 miles S. of Chriftiania, Lat. 59. 2. N. Ion. 10. 55. E. FredericS"Od£, a town of Jutland, feated near the Tea. Fredericstadt, a town of Slefwick, v/o», Norfolk, SW. of Saxling- ham. Frettenham, Norf. between Rppe- haiQ F R I ham and Ilickling. Frcauen, Cornwall. [■rinrn-Harnet, Mr1:11. iicai- Coney-Hatch, P'RICENTI, in Principato Citra, Naples, . Fridathoip, Yorkl". E, Riding, E. of Kiikby -under- Dale. Friduerg, a town of Mansfield, Up- per Saxony. Fridberg, 3 town of Biandenburg. Fridberg, three towns in Silefia. FrIDBURG. SeepREDDERG. Fridburg, in Eaft Friclland. Fridtnc;, a town ot AiiftriaTi Suabia. Fridland, or Friedland, a town oF Natangen, Pniffia ; a town of Olmutz, Moravia ; a town of Lufatia ; a town of Boleflau, Bohemia ; and a town ot Meck- lenburg, Upper Saxony. Fridlengen, a town of Suabia. Frieoensberg, a palace of Denmark, 4 miles from Fredericfburg, Friendly Islands, a cinder of lAands in the S, Pacific Ocean, fo named by Captain Cook, in 1773, on account of the fricndfliip that feemed to fubfill among the inhabitants, and their courteous be- haviour tolhangers. Tafman, tlie Dutch navigator, firft touched here in 1643, and gave the names of New Amiferdam, Rot- terdam, and Middleburg, to three of the principal lilmds. Cook explored the whole cjufter, confiding of more than 60. Nev? Amfterdam is the largeil, extending 21 miles from E. to W. and 13 from N. to S. It is interfered by ftraight and pleafant roads, with fruit-trees on each ilde, which provide fliade from the Icorch- ing heat of the fun. Middleburg is called Eooa by the natives, who have given the names of Annamooka, Tongataboo, Ha- paee, and Leefooga, to the other principal ifiands. The general appearance of theie iflands conveys an idea of exuberant ferti- lity; the furfacc, at a dilbnce, feems en- tirely clothed vvith trees ot various fizes, tome of which are onconuuonly large, particularly the tall cocoa-palm, and a I'pecies of fig, with narrow-pointed leaves. It is almolV wholly laid out in plantations, ia \vhich are fome of the riehcll vegetable productions j fuch as bread-lruit, cocoa- inits, plantains, yams, lugar-cane, and a fruit like a ncflarinp. Here are moit of the articles which tlie Society Iflands pro- duce, and fome which they have not. Their breed of hogs is as fcanty as thole ot the Society Klands ; but they received from the Englilh fome valuable additions to their Itock, both 01 vegetables and ani- mals. Their domeltic fowls are as large as thofe of Europe. Among the birds are parrots and parroquets, of various forts, wiiich furnilii the red feathers, fo much F R I crtccmed in the Society Ifles, The nu- merous leets and fliy ils afford fhelter to an immenl'e variety of Hieli-fifli. Agricul- ture, architeflure, boatbui! iing, and fi/li- ing, are the employments of ihe men; to the women is confined the manufa6ftiie ot* cloth, Thel'e iflands lie between 19. 40. and 21. 30. cleg. S. iat. and between 170. and 180. of W, Ion. Under the general name ot Friendly Iflands, are Ibmetnrcs comprehended Bofcav.'en's, Kepptl's, anu Prince William's Iflands, and the group of the Hapaee Iflands, amounting altoge- ther to about 150. Frier/ting, Eliex, near Ingateftone and Writtle, Friers, Hertfordf. near King's- Langlcy. Friers, Herts, E. of Srandon. Friers, Kent, NE, ot Aylsford. Friery, Sonierfetfliire, E. of Biuton. Friesach, a town of the Middle Marche, Brandenburg. Friesland, East, a principality of Germany, bounded on the N. by the Ger- man Ocean ; on the E. by the county of Oldenburg; on the S. by the bifhoprick of Munfter ; and on the W, and SW. by the fea and Groningen. It confills chiefly of meadow land, and is fubje^l to PrufTia. The counis of Friclland becoming extincl in .1744., Frederick JI. king of PrufTia, feized the country in confequt ice of the expeflancy granted to the houle of Bran- denburg, in 3694, by the Emperor Leo- pold, George II. however, king of Eng- land, as duke of Brunfwick Lunenburg, laid claim to the principality, on account of an hereditary imion entered into, in 1 69 1, with Prince Chriflian Eberhard, making his pretenfions known to the re- gency of E. Friefland, and the aulic cham- ber of the empire ; but the king of PrufTia, denying the authority of the emperor or rcu;ency, and threatening to fupport his a6tions by force of arms, he was fuffcred to remain in pofl'eflion. Friesland, West, one of the United Provinces, bounded .^n the S. and W. by the Zuyder Zee and Overyflel ; on the N. by the German Ocean ; and on the E. by Groningen and Overyflel. In Ooftergow there is good paflurage, and fome arable lanpUs. A f^rcat number ot" goats run fvild upf)n the mountains. It is about 3-?o miles W. of Cape de Vcrd, and 90 W. of St. Jago. Lat. 14.54. N. Ion. 24.. 3+. W. FUENTE DUENN'A, a tO'vn of New Ciltile, on the Tajo, 24. miles SE. of Madrid. Fiterfy, in Rofcommon, Connaughf. FuEssEN, or FossEN, in Augfburg, S'J:ihi.i. FuLA, a fmall ifland, lo miles W. of ^lainlaiid, the principal of the Shetland Jllands, Fulheck, Lincoinl". between Sieaford and Beckingham. Fulbrook, Bucks, SE. of Middle Claydon. Fulbrook, Line, near Norman ion. Fulbr-ook, Oxf. N. of Bur- Joid. Fulbrook on- Avon, near Warwick. Fitlhurn, Great and LittU, 5 jniles NE. of Cambrido-e. FuLDA, a city, bifhoprick, and river in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Fulford, Stafi. NE. of Stone. FitlforJ, Devonf. in the parifhes of Siiebrook and Crcditon. Fulford, Dcvonf. NE. of Chag- ford. Fuljord Gate and Water, near tlie Oufe, SE". of York. FuVuwt, Middlellx, loi:r miies W. of London, on the river Thanu-s. FuLLAN, a counti'v in the interior parts of^Africa, W. of the Cuflma; boundaries and produce unknown. The drefs of tlie natives (according to the information ob- tained by the African afTociation) refem- bies the clorh of which the .plaids of the Scotcli flighlanders are made. Full Break, a river of Chefhire, which runs into the Wheelock, at Maulbon. Fullerhy, Line. NE. of Hoincaftlc. Fid- I'.ngro've, Devonf. near Bainftr.plc. FuU lington, Hants, near Bullington. Fidl- Jutton, Yorkf. E. Riding, W. of Wilton. Fulmcre, Camb. adjoining Triplow and Meldrith. Fulvurfion, Norf. NE. of Fa- kenham. Ttilridge, Warw. in Nether- Eateiidonparifh. Fuljion, Lincoinl". near Granthorp. Fuhvell, Oxf. on the bor- ders of Northanip. and Bucks. Fuhvell, Durham, N. of Sunderland, near the fea. Fulk'.'coj, Nott. in EaRwcod pnrirti. Fuil- Ttro.A Lane, has a foreft r.cr.r Prcfton. FuNCHAL, or FuNcniAL, capital of the ifland of Madeira, is fituated on the S. coo.ff , on the gentle afcent cf a hill in form of an amphitheatre. The buildings, are gentr?liy v^hite. The liills beyond the to vii are covered with vinevarc's, inclo- fures. pluntationsj and groves, interfperf- FUR cd with couTVtry-lioufes and other build- ings. The har!)our is defended by leveral forts and a caflle. The city, however, is fai- from anfwcring the expectations which are formed by it's ap})earance from the road. The (freets are narrow, iil-pnvel, and dirty'j the houfes are built ot free- ftone, or of brick, but only a few of the belt, which belong to the wealthier in;" habitants, are provided with glafs win- dows : the others have a kind of lattice work In their ftead, which hang on hingts, and may be lifted up occafionally. The Englifh and French Koman Catholics, who live in the Portuguefe manner, ex- ceed the Portuguefe in numbeis and opu- lence. Tlieie is alfo a great number of mulatto and negro freemen. Lat. 31. 5?. N. Ion. 16. 4-9^ W. Fundenhall, Norfolk, SE. of Windham. FuNDY, a bay of Aca.lia, in N. Ame- rica, (t:paraiing New England and the go- vernment of New Brunfwick from that of Nova Scotia. It is remarkable for it's tides, which rife to the height of 50 or 60 feet, and with a proportionable velocity. FuNEN, an ifland in Denmark, near the entrance of the Baltic Sea, about 35 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It is fepa- rated horn Jutland by a (frait called the Lefs Belt, and from the Ifland of Zealand by another, called the Great Belt. It is remarkably fertile in pafture and grain, and exports annually great quantities of barley, oats, rye, peafe, and honey. Mcfr of the Danifn nobility have feats here. Odenfee is the capital. Fur.iLy, Great and Little, Hampfhire^ NW. of'Fareham. Funumel, £. and /r. Dorfetfhire, NE. of E. and W. Orchard. Fur.tolier, Northumberl. part of Bothall lordfiiip. F'urheck, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Biith in Notiinghamfhire. Furbie, Line. S W. of MArket-Raifin. Furlerland- . Hall, Derby fh. near Chefterfield. FurUt Suffex, near Lewes. Furley, SulTex, be- tween Petvvorth and Farnhurft. FuRNES, or VuERNES, a town of the ci-devant Auftrian Flanders, feated on a canal which runs from Bruges to Dun- kirk. It is 12 miles NE. of Dunkirk, and 3 miles from the lea. Lat, 51.4.. N^ Ion. 2. 45. E. FURNESS, See FOURNESS. FuRRucKAEAn, a town and diflrliSl of Hindooftan, in the circar of Rohilcund, about 30 miles in length, and lying along the Ganges. It is 70 miles NW. uf Lucknow, and is fubjeft to a chief of the Patan Rohilla tribe. Lat. a;. 28. N. Ion. 79. 30. W. Fur ft J Ijle, Dorfetf. S. of Brown fcv I.Ce, 'F Y A Jfle, in Pool Harbour, confifts of about 30 acres. f URSTENEURG, a town and principa- lity of Sual)ia ; a town ot Waldeck, cir- cle of the Upper Rhine ; a town oi' Lula- tia, lubjcfl to the king of Pruiria j a town of Padcrborn, Weltphaii:i ; and a town of Mecklenburg, Upper Saxony. FuKSTENrxKLD, a town of Stiria, 30 miles E. of Giatz. FuRSTENWALD, a town in the New March, Brandenburg, on the river Spree, ciiclc of Upper Saxony. Fufcot, Gloncef. in Withingt.on parifli. FitfiJuorth, Line, near the Ifle of Axholin. Futgcrih, Yorkfhire, in Holdcrnels. Fyans-'To^Mn- Bridge, in Meath, Lein- fter, 30 miles from Dublin. FUTTYPOUR., or Fattipour SicRI, a town of Hindooftan, in the province oi Agra, feated near an immenfe plain, in which fcarcely a (hnib is to be feen. , The /oil is light, and altnoft a'i fine as hair- powder; 3 circamftance produiStive of dii'- agreeabie eflecls, when this fine duft is taken up by the hot winds from the wc(t- ward. The country, however, near the town, is in tolerable cultivation. It is 42 miles W. of Agra. Lat. 27, 10. N. Ion. 78. 8. E. Fval, or FaYAL, one of the Azores, or VVeilern Iflands, 27 miles in length, and 9 in breadth. The climate is good, and the air always pure and mild. It is well cultivat'ed, and yields corn, garden- ftufF, and various fruits. They have fe- F Y Z yeral kinds of domefticated European anl- mals; birds are numerous, and there i> plenty of fiOi on the coalf. The moft con- fidirable, if not only town is Villa ds Horta. Fyal is the molt weileru of the Azoi-es. Lar. 38. 32. N. lo)i. 2S.41.W, Fjcrs, a river of Invernefsfhire, which runs into Loch Ncfs, 10 miles NE. or Fort A^ugultus. Over this river is built a flnpcndous bridge, on two oppofite rocks ; the top of the arch being above 100 fiet from the level of the water. FjfieU, Berks, NW. of Abingdon, Fyfi.U, EfiVx, near Ongar. Fyfield, Wilts, W. of Marlborough. Fjltfig, Yorkf. 4 miles from Whitby. Fylingdale, Yorkf. W. of Robin Hood's-B.iy. FvNE, Loch, an inlet of thefea In Ar- gylelhire, 34 miles in lengtk, and from i to 6 in breadth. It receives and returns a tide on each fide of the Ifle of Airan, which is dire6lly oppofite to it's mouth. It is beautifully indented with bays, and Imrounded by woodland mountains. FjnCii'uagr, Sluopl'. between Clun and Rntlnoiftiire. Fyzabad, a city of Hindooftan, in the territory of Oude, of which it was once tlie capital, and near the ancient city of Oude. It is fliU populous, althougii the wealthier inhabitants have retired fince the removal of the nabob to Lucknow, It is feated on the river Gogra, and is 65 miles E. of Lucknow, and 80 nearly N. of Allhabad. Lat. ao. 45. N. ion. 82.24. E. G A I GABARET, a town in the dept. of Landes, feated on the river GeliiTe, 1 7 miles W. of Condom. Gaeian, a village in the dept. of He- rault, noted for mineral waters. Near it is a rock from which there iffues petro- leum. Gabim, a town of Rawa, in Poland. Gaddfjhy, Leicef. SW. of Melton- Mowbray. Gaddefden, Great and Little, Herts, near HcmeUHciuplfcud. Gadeby, Leicef. SE. of Bofwortii. Gad's- Hi I, Kent, between Cliaulk-ftieet and Ro- chelter. Gaieta, a town of Lavori, Naples, with a h abour, near a gulf of the fame name. It is 27 miles ls\V, of Capua. Lat. 41. 16. N. Ion. 13. 47. E. Caillac, a town in ths depart, of z G A I Tarn, of confiderable trade. It'^ wines are much efteemed. It is feated on tiie river Tarn, which is here navigable, 10 milfs nearly W. of Alby. Lat. 43. 54. N. Ion. 2. 5.E. Gaili.011, a town In the dept. ofEure, 7 miles SE. of Louviers. Gaines, Eflex, S.ot Upininfier. Gaines- Park, Effrx, E, of Copthall.. *Gaihsborough, atownof Lincolii- flure, on the Trent, over which a hand- I'ome (lone bridge has been lately erefted, which foot-paffengers, as well as others, pay toll for palling over. Though near 40 miles from th^' iiumber by water, it it accedihle to veil'els of confiderable burdtn with the tide, and ferveu as a place of ex- port and i:iip<;.rt to the W. antl NW. paits ott;e county. It is 17 males NW. of Lincoln, C A L J.irrcoln, and 151 N. by W. of London. Lat. 53. 18. N. loji. o. 36. W. Market on Tinrlday. Gahijled, Yoikfhire, E. Riding, N. of Headf fl. Gaihi.OCH, a hay and tra^l of land on the W. conft of Rolsftiire. Here is a confiderable fifliery of cod and other white fi/h. Gaitoii-in-tke-Marp, Lincolnfli. SE. of Louth. Gaiion iii-tbe-lVould, Line. SW. of Loutli. G A I, AC 7,, a town of Bulgaria, near tlie mouths of the Danube. Galafljiels, a village in Sclkirkfliire, near tlie conflutnce ot the Gala and the Tweed. A flourifhlng manufafture of woollen cloth is carried on here, called Galaihiel's grey, being ot a dark colour and coarfe texture j and lately flannels and finer cloths have been tried with tolerable fuccefs. Galaso, a river of Otranfo, Naples, which falls into the Tea near Turento. Galata, the principal fuburb of Con- {lanrinopie, feated oppofite the feraglio, on the other fide of the harbour. It is in- habited by Chriftians and Jews, who exer- cile their religious protellion publicly. The houfes are better built here than in I'onrtantinople, and wine is fold in taverns, which is not allowed in the city itfelf. Galbally, in Limerick, Munller. Galley, Lcicef. S. of Billeldoii. Gales, Yorki'. N. Riding, W. of Ravcnfworth- Caftle. Go.ley-Ki--uer, rifes in Limerick, runs into Kerry, and fails at lalt into the river Feal. Gamcia, a name given to a country in the S. and SW. of Poland, coniKting of that part ot Little Poland, which is S. of the river Viltula, almoll the whole of Red RufTia, and a Hip of Podolia. It is now incorporated into the Aulbian dominions vmder the appellation of the kingdoms of Galicia and Lodomeria. The mountain- ous parts produce finepaRure; the plains are molHy landy, but abound in forefts, and are fertile in corn. The principal articles of traffic are cattle, hides, wax, and honey, copper, lead, iion, and fait. It extends from E. to W. 280 miles in length, -and from 60 to 100 in breadth. Lemburg or Leopold is the capital. Galicia, a province of Spain, bound- ed on the N. and W. by the fea ; on the E. by Alturia and Leon ; and on the S. by Portugal. It has more harbours than any 01 her piovince of Spain, and the fo- refts yield wood for fliip-building. The principal produce is v.ine, flax, and cit- C A L roni ; and here are alfo good paftures. 1'lie population is not numerous. The mineral produ6f ions are copper and lead j Corunna and Ferrol are the principal ports, and St. Jago di Compoftclia 1$ the capital. Galicia, New, or Guadalajara,"" an audience of Mexico, which contains a province of the lame name, and 5 others. The air is temperate, and there is abun- dance of corn and puUe ; here are alio mines of fdver and copper. The princi- pal towns are Zamora, Leon, Lagos, and Guanamota. Galilee, a province of Paleftine, an- cienily a part of Judea. Galistio, a town of Spanifh Eftra- madura, 10 miles E. of Coria. Gall, St. or St. Gallen, a confi- fiderable town in the Thurgau, Swifler- Jand. The inhabitants are uncommonly induftrious, and carry on an extenfive connnerce, arifing from their manutac- tures of linen, mullln, and embroidery. Here is a rich and celebrated abbey, whole abbot is ciiofen by the 72 Benedi6l- . ines, who compofc the chapter. The go- vernment of the town, which is entirely Proteftant, is arifto-democratical ; the fubjef^s of the abbot, whofe territory is di(}in6\, are Catholics. To the library belonging to this abbey, we are indebted for the prefervation of Petronius Arbiter, Silius Italicus, Valerius Flaccus, and Qjiintilian, copies of which were found here in 1413. The town is feated in a narrow barren vallev, between two moun- tains, 57 miles NE. of Zurich. Lat. 47. 26, N. Ion. 9. 20. E. Galla, or PuNTA DE Gallo, a Dutch fettlemeflt In Ceylon. Gallare, Hants, near Andover. Galleon I'ointy the E. point of Caftle- haven-Harbour, in Cork, Munfter. Gal- ley -tieadt a promontory on the coalt of Cork, in Munlter; on the extremity of which is Dundede-Caltle. Gallinara. See Albenca. Gallipago Islanos, in the S. Sea, lying on both fides of the equator, in Ion. between 85 and 90 deg. W. were dilcover- ed by the Spaniards, who call here for fre(h water and provlfions on their paflage be- tween Afia and America. They are un- inhabited ; but here are great numbers of birds and excellent tortoifcs. There arc 14 or 15 of thefe iflands at leafl, and there are others of the fame name more to the W. Gallipoli, a fea-port of Naples, feat- ed on a rock, furrounded by the fea, and joined to the main land by a bridge. It is 21 miles W. of Otranto, in the Gulf of GAM of Tarento. Lat4o. 20.N. Ion. 18. 9. E. Gallipoli, a town of Romania, on the Dardanelles, with a good harbour, at the entrance of tiie Sea of Marmora, it contains about 10,000 Turks, and 3500 Greeks, btfides a great number of Jews. It is 100 miles WSW. of Conftantinopie. Lat. 4.0. 53. N, Ion. 17. 1 5. E. Gallo, an uninhabited iiland of Peru. Galloway, New, a town of Kirk- cudbrightfliiie, near the river Ken. Galloway, Upper, or Whst. See WiGTONSHIRE. Gabneton, D^ von (hire, near Dartmouth. Galties, or Gauliies, a range of moun- tains between the counties of Tipperary, . Limerick, and Cork. Gallon, Dorfetf. one mile from Ower- Moyne. Galtres-Forejl, Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, S. of Gilling-Caltle, formerly ex- tended to York city. Galway, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, 75 miles long, and 4.6 broad. It is bounded on the N. by the counties of Mayo and Rolcommon j on the E. by Rofcommon, King's Coun- ty, and Tippirrary ; on the S, by Clare and Galway- Bay} and on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean. A great part of it is fertile, being a warm limeftone foil, which rewards the induftry of the hulbandman and fliepherd 5 but it is very coarle to- wards the N. and W. and, in thoie parts, rather thinly inhabited. The weftern coaft contains many well- flickered har- bours, and is bordered with green iflands and rugged rocks. *Galway, a town of Ireland, in a county of the lame name, ofwiiich it is the capital. It is advantageoufly fuuated for foreign trade on Galway-Bay, in the Atlantic. The falmon and herring fifli- eries are carried on hire with great fpirit, and tr.iploy ii;vtrai iiundied buats ; the quantity of k-:!p manufactured and ex- poiteu is conlideiable, and the increafe of tlie hnen manutaflure, though of late in- troduclion, is become very unportant* It 154.9 miles WSW. of Athlone, and 108 W. by S. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 12, N. Ion. 9. 12. W. . Galway-Bay, a large bay one the coaft of Galway, Connaught. The N. iiile ot it is foul and dangerous for vefTels ; but it is more fate on the S. tide. Small rtiips only can fail up to the town of G.il- way. Gambia, a large river of Africa, fall- ing into the Atlantic Ocean. The fource is not known ; but it is navigable for Hoops 600 miles up the country. At tiie mouth ot the liver the laud is low, but, G A N higher up, the country is rocky and moun- tainous, and covered with woods. Along it's banks are great numbers of towns, inhabited by various nations. The Ara- bic language and Mahometan religion ge- nerally prevail in the country N. of this river: on the S. the inhabitants are Pa- gans. The Granibia annually overflows it's banks, like the Nile. The mouth is in lat. 13. 2S. N. and Ion. 16. 20. W. ^ Gamlehy, Cumb. NE. of Kirk Ofwald. Ga?nlcjhy, Cumb. in Akefon parilh. Gam- li^gay, Camb. near Caxton. Gamflont Not!, near Adbolton. GawJJon, Nott, oa the Idle, NW. of Tuxford. Gandersheim, a town of Brunfwick- Wolfenbuttel, Lower Saxony, famous for a Protelfant nunn.try. Gandia, a lea port of Valencia, with a fmall univerfity. Gandicotta, a town of HIndooftan, in the circar of Cuddapa, 33 miles NW, of the town of Cuddapa. Near it is a diamond mine. Caijford, Durham, near Barnard- Caftle. Ganges, a large and celebrated river of India, has it's fource in tv/o fprings near Mount Kentaiffe, in Thibet} the llreams or which, after running 300 miles in a welttrn direftion, inclining .to the N. turn to the S. unite their waters, and form what is properly called the Ganges, froni the Hindoo word Gaiiga, whicn fignifies the river. This great body of water now forces a paflage through Mount Him- maleb, (a chain or ridge of mountains ex- tending from Cabul along the N. of Hin- docfcan, and through Thibet) and fapping it's very foundation, ruOies through a ca- vein, and precipitates itfelf into a vaft bafin, which it has worn in the rock, at the hither foot of the mountains. Fi-om this Iccond fource (as it may be termed) of the Ganges, it takes a SE. direftioa through the country of Sirinagur, until, at Hurdwar, it finally efcapes the mountain- ous tract in which it has wandeicd about Soo miles From Hurdwar, where it en- ters the plain country, it flows with a fmooth, navigable ftrcam, during the re- mainder of it's ccurfe to the Bay of Ben- gal, which it enters by feveral mouths. In it's courfe through thefe delightful plains, it paiTes by Furrackabad, Alia- fiabad, Benares, Pataa, &;c. and receives II rivers, fome of which are equal to the Rhine, and none fmaller than the Thames, btlides others of inferior note. In the an- nual inundation of this immenfe river, the country is overflowed to the extent of more than 100 miles in width : nothijig appearing above water buc villages and Q. trees. GAR trees, excepting, very rartly, the top of an elevated fpot, the artificial mound of lomc dflcrtcd village, which ;ij)pt'ars like an idand. The lile of the water is on nn average 31 feet. The Oanges is a molt be- neficial liver, ilifT'iifing plenty by means of it's living productions, enricliing the lands, and affording an e:ify conveyance for the produce of it's borders. The Hindoos holds it's waters in high veneration. It is vifited annually by pilgrims from all parts of liindooftan, and luppy are tliofe accounte i whoie lot Ii may be to perifli in it's ftrcams. Ganjam, a town of Hindoofian, in Cicacola, one of the northern circars, fub- jed to the Englilh. It lit-s on the Bay of Bengal, near the SW. twd of the Chilka Lake. Lat. 19. 22. N. Ion. 05^ 20. E. Gannat, a iDiall town in the dcpf. of AUier, 30 miles nearly S. of Moulins. Gr./inovjy Worcel'. N. of Bromlgvove. Canton, Yoiklliire, near Scarborough. Gap, a town in the depart, of the Up- per Alps, before the revolution, capital of a country called the Gapen^ois, 27 miles long and iS wide. It is Icared at the foot of a nioimtain, in which aie found mineral- waters that are deemed antittbritic. The town was taken by the duke ot Savoy, in 1692, and a great part ot it l>urnt down. Lat. 44. 34.. N. Ion. 6. JO. E. Gareck. Sc^e Baheren. Garkiefthorp, Norl. NE. of Downham. Gcn-holdijham, Norfolk, near Keuinghall, and NVV. of DU's. GARD,a department of France, bound- ed on the N. by the departments of Lo- zere and Ardcche ; on the E. by . the Rhone, near it's mouth ; en the S. by the Mediterranean and part of the dept. of Herault ; and on the W. by the depart- ments of Lozere, Aveiron, and Herault. Kifmes is the principal town. Gard, Pont de, an ancient Roman aqueduO; in France, nine miles NE. of Nifnies, ere^ed, it is fuppoled, liy A- giippa, in order to convey to Nifmes the water of the fpring of Eure, which rlfes near Uzes. It is j6o feet in height, and confifts of three bridges, reared one upon another, fo as to unite two C'-aggy moun- tains. The uppermoft of thcle bridges, has fix arches of great blocks of (lone, without cement j the ceivtre bridge, on which this ftands, has eleven, and the iowift (under which runs the Gard, an in- confideiable but rapid river) has thirty-fix arches. Louis XIV. when he repaired, in 1699, the damages which this llupen- djus work had li::;,iined by time, caufed a wai bridge, over which travellers now GAR pafs, to be conftrufted by the fide of thr lower range of arches. Garda, a town in the Vt-ronefe, Italy } and a lake between the Veronefe and the Breflan, 30 miies long, and from 2 to 7 wide. Gardeleben, a town in the old Marche of Brandenburg, which trades in cloth, hops, and excellent beer. It is 32 miles N. by W. of Magdeburg. Lat. 52. 41. N. Ion, II. 35. E. Garenton, Leic. near Loughborough. Gargill, Cu:-ib. S. of Alfton-Moor. Gar- grj've, Yorkf. VV. Riding, n<.ar V/intt-i- burn, on the river Ayr, between Settle and Skipton in Craven. Garlyne, Cornw. E. of Market-Jew. Garmanjixjay, 5 miles from Durham. Garnifry, Huntingdon- shire, SW. of U[ wood. Gar/nayle Pool, in Down, Ulfter, is ufed as the harbour for rtiips, trading to Bel ft ft, on account of the fliallow.ncl» of the water at B'.it:\ft-Bridge, Carnard, Ille of Wight, in W. Mvdiiia. Garnlorougb, Bucks, SW. ot Window. Garihles, Eli'ex, S. ot Dunniow. Gamer, and Garraii, rivers in Here ford f. Garret, Lancafh. near Manclieffer. Garret Lee^ Noithumb. SE. of Kotlibury. GarreVs- Green, Siirry, in Waudl'wo« th parifli. Garonne, a fine river of France, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and taking a NW. direfiion, waters Touloufe, Agcn, and Bourdeaux, below which it is oincd by the Dordogne, and thence, to it's en- trance into the Bay of Bilcay, is called the Gironde. It communicates with the Mediierranean, by it's jun61ion with the Royal Canal. See Canal, Royal. Garonne, Upper, a department of France, furrounded by the departments of Lot, Tame, Aude, Arricge, the Pyrenean Mountains, Upper Pyrenees, and Gcrs. Touloule is the capital. Garnljfoxi'f!, in Meaih, Leinfter. Gar- leclough, a river in Warerford, Munitcr. Gaeridinny, in Queen's County, Leinller. Garrison, a town of P'enr.anagh, UHKr, 10 miles SE. of Ballyfhannon, and 102 from Dublin. Garrijloivn, in Dublin, Leinfter. Garfull, StafFordfh. in Milwich manor. Garfdon, Wilts, near Malmfbury. Gar- ftngton. Oxf. between Oxford and Wheat- ley. Garjlall, Yorkf. between Dent and the rivei Rother. *Garstang, a populous town of Lancaftiiie, feated on the river Wyre, in the road between Piefton and Lancrdlcr, from which latter it is 10 miles S. Lat. 53. 56. N. Ion. 2. 53. W. Market ou Thiufday. Carjion, G A U Garjlon, Herts, in Watford parlfii. Carjlon, Lane, in Childvvall parifh. Gar- y/o?;,. S ff. NE. of Clu-adle. Garjion, £ajl, B iks, near Kungeriord. Gartham, Yorki. E. Ri iing, NE. of Headon. Gar- thorp, Lticettei 1'. E. of Melron-Mowbray. Garthorp, Line, in Luddington parifh. Garton, iforklfiire, in Holdernefs- - Gartz, a town of Rugen Ifland, in Swedifti Ponitraniaj and a town of Stet- tin, in Prufli.in Pomerania. Garuagh, in D>:rry, Uliler. Garvaghy^ in D.>wii, Ulfter, Gar-uefion, Norfolk, between Hincrham and Dereham. Garvjay, Hcref. NW. of Monmouth. Ga>'--wh{gto?i, Kent, in Bcikftjonrn parish. Gascony, a ci-devant province of France, iituated between the Garonne, the Bay of Bifcay, Languedoc, Fuix, and tne Pyrenees. Gassenhoven, a town of the ci-de- vant Auftrian Brabant. Ga(fon, Surry, in Bleclungley parifh. Gajiho-.p, Norfolk, SW. of E;ift Hariing. Gafzi-Qod, Lane. 4 miles from V/igan. Gatc>ord, which means a hnding place) toward iliac river. Gaix:cot,'w\ Buckingham parifh. Ga^jjfe- ivorth Hall, Cbefhire, near MacclcsfieW. Gazvthorp, Lane, near Colney. G ynfordf Durh. on the Tees, 3 miles E. of Bunard- Caftle. Gay?iton, Devonf. SW. i,i Tor- bay. Gayjley, Suff. E. of Newmarket. GaytcforJ, Nott. a hamlet of Workfop. Gayteforth, Yorkf. W. Riding, between Snaithand Slierborn. G<2>'/0«, Chtfliiie, oh the Dee, W. of Raby. Gayton, Norfolk, NW. of Caltleacre. Gayton, near North- ampton. Gayton, S.atf. rear Mdwich. Gayt07!thorp, Norfolk, N. of Gayton. Cayi'.'ood, Norfolk, near Lynn. Gaza, an ancient town of Palefline, fituated about a mile from the lea, with a harbour called New Gaza. It now hardly contains 2000 inhabitants, but it's ruins fliew it to have been once ot confiderabfe extent. It is the refidence of a bafliaw, and is 50 miles SW. of Jerufalem. Lat, 31. 28. N. Ion. 34.. 45. E. (.yearlfs. Great, Elfcx, near Ilford and Wanfted. Gearon, or Jaroon, a town of Far- (illan, Perfia, famous for it's excellent dates. Geajhill, in Kin^i's County, Leinfter. Gcddhig, Suif. SW. of Wuiper. Gcd- dington, Noithamp. i mile from Bough- ton. Gedling, near Nottinghan. G<;d- Jlon, Kutl. NW. of Coilyvvdlcn. Ced- Q z Ttey, GEN GEN »t^, Line. ncHi- Ficft and Ticl. Gedneyy lies partly in the plain on the borders of boinerletfliire, near Glaltonbury. the hike, and partly on a gentle afcent, is Gefle, Gevalia, or Giawt.u, the irregularly built. The houfcs are lofty j capital ot Gcltricia, in Sweden, with a ahd many that Itand in tiie trading parts Cood haahour on the (Jult ot Bothnia, ot the city, have arcades ot wood, which It is flic iiioft coninHrci;il town in this -northern part of Sweden ; it's exports are principally iioii, pilch, tar, and planks. T.wo-thiids of the inh;ihiunts are fifhcr- are raifed even to the upper ftories. Thele ajcades, fu|)ported by pillars, give a gloonry appearance to the (Ircet, but aie ufeful to the inhabitants in protecting men. Ii is 55 miles N. by W. of Upfal. tliein from the fun and rain. Geneva Lat. 60. 45. N. Ion. 17. o.E. contains 24.,ooo people; but the territory Geii.dorf, in Limburg, Suabia, or diftritl is I'mall. They are in alliance Geislingen, an imperial town of witlj the Swil's Cantons, and after variour Suabia. revolutions, with which they have been Geijt^ Norf. SW, of Twiford. Ge'ift- agitated from time to time, for near two ou/V/, Norfolk, W. of Caifton. Geldjlon, centuries, the democrats, in 1789, pre- Norf. SE. of Spelling. Geldjlon, Herts, vailed over the ariftocracy, of which the near Hunfdon. Geldjlon^ Lincolnfliire, fenate and fyndics, or chief magiftrates, N. of Grantham. , Gellecrag, Northumb. between Tyn- daie and Cumberland. GELNHAUS£N,a townof Hanau-Mun- zenburg, circle ot Upper Rhine. were compoled. A conlHtution is novi> eftabliflied favourable to the rights of the people, and perhaps judicioufly modelled between the two extremes. The citizens of both fcxes are remarkably well inftiu£l- Gclt, a river in Cumberland, which ed, " and it is not uncommon," fays Dr, runs into the Irthing below Haton. Gemappe, a village of Hainault, ai mlles SW. of Mons. The battle fought here, between the French and Auftrians, Nov. 5, 1791, was molt obftinately dif- puted, but the Auftrians were at length compelled to quit the field, and retire to Mons. Moore, " to find mechanics, in the inter- vals of labour, amufing themfclves witli the works of Locke, Montefquieii, New- ton, and other fimilar produflions. It is 40 miles NE. of Chambcrry, and 126 NW. of Turin. Lat. 46. 12. N. Ion. 6. 10.. E. Geneva, Lake of, an expanfe of Gemhliiig, Yorkf. E. .Riding, NW. of water between Swifferland and Savoy, ex- Hornfey. tending from Geneva to Villeneuve, 54 Gemblours, a town of the ci-devant miles in length, and rz in breadth, in it's Aulfrian Biabant, 10 miles NW. of widcft part. From Geneva to the cnvi- Namur. . rons of Laufanne, the country flopes for a Gemingen, a town of Germany, in conliderable way, to the margin of the the palatinate of the Rhine. lake, and is enriched with a variety and Geminians, St. a town of Tufcany. protufion of natural beauties. Near Lau- Gemund, orG.MUNi), a town of Ju Hers, Weftphalia ; an imperial town of Suabia ; a town of Carinthia ; and a town of the archduchy of Auftria. Gemund, orGEMUNDEN, a town of Wurtzburgj.Franconia ; and a town of the archduchy of Aulhia. Gemunden, a town of Leiningen lanne, the banks rile confiderably, and form a terrace; a few miles beyond the town is a rapid defcent. The colour of tiic water is extremely beautitul, clear, and at a diftance feems of a fine blue. The depth is various ; the greateft yet found, by founding, is 160 fathoms. It abounds in fifli, remarkable as well for their ex- circle of Upper Rhine; and a town of cellence as fize. Like all inland lakes Heffe-CatTel, circle oi Upper Rhine. inclofed within high mountains, it is fub- Gemuvd, a town of Upper Auftria, jeft to fudden ftorms. Among the birds conliderable for it's falt-workf. which frequent this lake, are the tipfet Genep, in the ci-devant Auftrian grebes, which appear only in the winter. Brabant. They are obliged to build in other places, Geneva, an ancient, large, and po- this lake being almoft delfitutc of reeds pulous city and republic, on the confines and ruflies, in which they form thtir of France, Savoy, and Swillerland. It feated at the SW. extremity of the lake of the fame name, and is divided by the Kiione, which paffes through the lake, into two unequal parts. Geneva, which floating nelts. Gen GEN bach, an imperial town of the Ortenau, Suabia. Gencau.x de Royal, St. a town in the department of Saone and Loire, re- markable GEN Yiiarkable for it's excellent wines. It is 17 miles SW. of Chalons. Lat. 46. 37. N. Ion. 4. 43. E. Geniez, St. a town in the clept. of Aveiron, 20 miles NE. of Rhodez. Lat. 44.. 28. N. Ion. 3. g. E. GtNis, a town in the clept. of Mont Blanc, 13 miles W. of Chamberry. Lat. 45. 40, N. ion. 5. 34. E. Genius, Cornwall, NE. of Bofcaftle. Genoa, a city of Italy, capital of a republic of the fame name. It is about 10 miles in circumference, and built like an amphiiheatre. The houles are five or iix ftorics high and well built, and the palaces and public buillings are nume- rous. The harbour is large and good, and, to preferve it, they have built a mole 560 paces in length, 13 in breadth, and J 5 feet above the level of the water. It is populous, and one of the moH commercial places in Italy. They have manufaclurcs in velvet, puifti, damafk, and filk; and the banking bufmefs is carried on exten- iively. The ordinary revenue of this re- public is 200, cool, a year. The govern- ment is purely arillocratic. There is a great council, confilting of 80 perions, cholen out of the old and new nobility, in whom the legiflative authority refides, but the adminiltration of affairs is vcfted in a fenate, conlifting of a doge, and iz fena- tors. The nobility are often engaged in trade, and generally keep two or three years' proviiion of corn, wine, and oil in their magazines, which they fell to the people in fc.irce times. TheGenoefe fleet, anciently celebrated for it's viflories over the Saracens, Pifanefe, Venetians, Spa- niards, and Turks, and a long time maf- ters of Su-dinia, Malta, Majorca, Minor- ca, Candia, Cyprus, the Crimea, and other places in the Archipelago, is now reduced to fix gallies, Genoa was bom- barded by the French in 16S4, and taken by the Auftrians in 1746 ; the oppreflTion of thefe lall, however, was fuch, t1iat the inhabitants fuddenly rofe and expelled their conquerors, who again befieged the city the next year, but without eftc(5f. It is 62 miles SE. of Turin, and 224 NVV. of Rome. Genoa, the republic, extends along the Gulf of Genoa for about 120 miles j but it's breadth is unequal, varying from 8 to nearly 20 miles. On the land fide it is bounded by Piedmont, Montterrat, Mi- lan, Placentia, Parma, and Modena. It is populous, well cultivated, and fertile near the lea; but the inner parts are njountain- ous and barren. CentU/fiall, Stafi'. W. of Lichfield, GEO George, Fort, in Invernefsfhfre, a ftrong and regular fortrefs, with feveral Itreets of barracks, and completely com- manding the harbour of Invernefs. Gkorge, Lake, in theft.ieof New York, lies SVV. of Lake Champiain, and is 24 miles long and 3 wide. The N. end is 2 miles S. of Ticonderago. George Town, a town and diftrifl of S. Carolma, iz miles from the Atlan- tic, and 55 miles N. by E. of Charleftonj al fo a town of Maryland. Geo/vGE, Fort St. See Madras. George's Key, St. a fmall ifiand of N. America, off the coalt of Honduras, called alfo Cafina, or C^yo Cafina. By a convention in 1786, the Engli/Ji logwood cutters in the Bay of Honduras were per- mitted, under certain reftriftions, to oc- cupy this idarid. George, St. or Del Min a, the prin- cipal lettlement of the Dutch on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, about 8 miles W. of Cape Coaft Caftle. Lat. 5. o. N. Ion. o. 22. W. George's, St. an illand of Venice. George's, St. one of the Bermuda, or Summer Iflands. George, St. one of the Azores, about 36 miles in length, and 9 in breadth. It is mountainous, and full of foreffs. The criief town is of the fame name. George, St. an illand of N. Ame- rica, in the (trait between the Lakes Supe- rior and Huron. George^ St. Somerfetfhire, near Briftol, Georgeka?!!, Devonf. on the coait, SVV. of Ilfracomb. George's, Si. Gloucel". near Briftol. George's Channel, St. between England and Iieland. George\r Hill, St. Surry, NW. of E/her. George's Ijland, St. Cornwall, oppofite to E. and W. Loe. Georgia, a fertile country of Afir:, called by the Perfians Gurgilian, and by thejTurks Gurtfhi, is fituated between the Black and Cai'pian Seas, and com- prehends the ancient Iberia, and part of Colchis. It is furrounded by the new RufRan government of Caucafus, Circaf- fia, Digheifan, Schirvan, and Armenia. It is divided into 9 prnvincfs. Of thefe, 5 foruT the kingdom of Georgia ; the other ' 4 form ihe principality of Imerida. The hills are covered with forelts of beech, oak, afli, chclhuts, walnuts, and elms, en- circled with vines, growing Ipimtan'onfly, and producing valt quantities of grapes. Cotton alfo grows ipontaneoufly, as well as the fineft fruit-trees. Rice, wheat, millet, hemp, and flax, are raifed on the 0^3 plains. GEO plains, almoft without culture. The val- ley snfFord fire paftuiage; the rivers are full ol fi(h, the mountains aliound with niiiieraJG, and the climate is (klicious. The rivers, however, being ted by moun- tain loircnts, are always too rapid or too {hallow tor the purpoies ot navigation. Gcoigia was formerly one kingdom, the inhabitants of which were Chriltians, but fince 1639, when it was conquered by the Ptrfians, the .e face is coated with white and red. Being generally educated in convents, they can read and write; qualifications uncommon with the men, even of the higlieft rank. Tlie inhabit- ants are Chriltians, partly of the Greek, partly of the Ainienian church. Here ar^j alio Tartars, OIB, Armenians, and a confiJerable number of Jews. Of thefe laft, lo'me have villages of their own; others are mixed with the Geoigian, Armenian, and Tartarian inhabitants, but never with the Ofli. They pay a fmall tribute above that of the natives. There are only tour ccnliderable towns, Tcfiis, Gori, Suram, and Ali. GEORGIA, the moft fouthern of the United Stales of N. America, is bounded on tlic E. by the Atlantic Ocean; on the S. by E. and W. Florida ; on the W. by that part of Lonifuina which lies to the E. ot the river M.ffiOjppi ; and on the N. by S. C.irolina and the TenalFee government. It extends about 420 miles fron. E. to W. and from 14.0 10 240 fioni N. to S. It contains ntaily 90,000 iuuls, and is di- vided into I J counties, namely, Chatham, Effi):ghani. Burke, Richmond, Wilkes, X-ibtriy, Giynn, Camden, Wafhington, . Greene, ar.d Franklin, The whole coait is bordered with iflands, which, as ^ell as the continent, being well wooded, the channel between thtm is extremely plea- fant. The principal towns are Augufta, Savannah, Brunfwick, Si:nbury, Frederi- ca, Wuh.ngton, and Louifville. The pruicipal rivers are the Savarna, Ogeechee, C E R Alatamaha, St, Mary, Sec, Tll€ winters in Georgia arc mild and pleafant, ice and fnow being feldom (ten. The foil varies according to fituntion, and diiFcrent de- grees of improvement. By culture aic produced rice, indiyo, coticn, fdk, Indian corn, potatoes, oranges, figs, pomegra- nates, &c. Rice, at prelrnt, is the Itaple commodity ; but great attention begins to be paid to the railing of tobacco. Auguf- ta is the capital. Georgia, South, the principal of a cUifter of iflan>is in the S. Atlantc Ocean, difcovered by Captain Cook, in 1775, and fo named by him. Ir is 31 leagues long, and it's grtateft breadth is about 10. it abounds in bays and harbours, which the vaft quantities of ice render inacccfiible the gieateft part of the year. Two rocky idands are fuuated at tlie N. end, one of which was a craggy cliff, nearly p' rpen- dicular, containing the nefls ot many ihou- I'and fhags : the other was cailcd Bird Illsnd, from the inr.uinerabif flocks ot birds leen near it, from the largett aibatrcflcs down to the leaft petrels. Ssrveral por- poifcs and Icals were alio oblcrvtd. Here are perpendicular ice cliffs ot confiderable height, like tliofe at Siiittbtrgen. From thel'e, pieces were continually breaking off, and floating out to fta : the valleys were covered with Ihow, and the only vegetation obl'crved, was a bladed grals growing in tufts, wild burnet, and a plant like mofs. Not a (tream of frefli water was to be I'cen on the whole coalt. A great number of lea-calves and fca-bears were touiid, and fliclvs of penguins, fome ot wf.ich wciglied 38 pounds, and ir.eafured 3 feet 3 inches In length. The only bird feen appeared to be a fpecies of the lark : no quadruped was found. Thelc illands lie between 53. 57. and 54.. 57. S. lat. and beiwcm 38, 13. and 35. 34. W. Ion. Gepping, a town of Wirtcmburg. Gera, a town of Reus, Upper Saxony. Geraw, a town and Imall countiy, in" the principality cf Htfle Darmlladt, circle of Upper Rhine. Gereerov, a town in the depart, of Olfe, II miles NW. cf B^-auvais, and 50 N. of Paris. L'-it. 49. 32. N. !on, 1. 54. E. Gerbes, Jerea, or Zerbi, an illand near the coaft ot Tripoli, dependent on the dey. It bears barley, figs, dives, and grapes. Lat. 33. 56. N. Ion. 11. 30. E, Gerbevillers, a town in the dept. of Met.'rthe, 5 -miks from Lumville. Ghrce.ntx, a town on the W. coaft of Sicily. Germain, St. a town in the dept. of Sei'.e and One, leated on the river Seine, 10 niilc« G E R ro miles NV/. of Paris. Lat. 48. 52. N. ^011. 2,15. E. Germains, St. a fmall town of Corn- wall, once the Jargtit in the county, it ftind-s near fhe lea, had formerly a good fiiliL-ry, and is 10 miles W. of Piymoiitii, and 27,4. W. by S. of London. L^t. 50; 22. N. ion. 4. 24. W. Market on Friday. Germain Laval, St. a town in the dept. of Rho:ie and Loire, iS miles S. of Roanne, and 225 SE. of Paris. Lat. 45. 47- N. Ion. 4. 2. E- Germano, St. a town of Naples. German''5, St. i^Jorfoik, has a bridge over the Oufe, SW. of Lynn. Germans ■''[o-jon, in Mcath, Leinfler. Germanj'un.k, DevonHure, NW. of Okehninptoi-. German V, a country of Europe, bound- ed on tiie VV. by Swifkrland, France, the Belgic froviiice?, and the German Ocean ; on tlie N. by Sleiwick nnd the Baltic Sea; on the E. by Prulfia, Poland, and Hun- gary ; and on the S. by Hungary, the Adriatic, Italy, and Swifferland ; being about 640 miles in length, and 550 in bre;idt!i. The air is temperate and whole- loijie, and the productions various. Ger- many contains many princesj fecular and ecclefialtlc, who aie independent of each other ; and there are great numbers of iftz impel ial cities, which are fo many little republics, governed by their own IsA's, and imltcd by a head, who has the title ot t-mperor. The prerogatives of the iniperiaj dignity were formerly much mcie extenfive than they are at prcfent. At the cloe of the Saxon race, in 1024, they €xercil"ed tlie right of conferring all eccle- fiaftical benefices in Germany, of receiv- ing their revenues during a vacancy; of - fucceeding to the effe(5ls of intellate eccle- Ji:iitics ; of confirming or annulling the tleftions of the popes ; of afTembling coun- cils, and of appointing them to decide on the affairs of the church ; of conferring the title of king on their vailals ; of granting vacant iii.fs ; of receiving the revenues of the empire; of governing Italy as it's proper foveieigns ; of erefting free cities, and elfablifliing fairs; of alfembling the diets of the enipiie, and fixing the time of their duration; of coining- money, and conferring the fame privilege on the (fates of the empiie ; and of adminillering juftice vv-ithin the territories of the different flates. In 1437, tlie empeiors were reduced to the power of conferring ail dignities and titles, except the privilege of being a ftate of the empire; of appointing once, during their reign, a dignitary in each chapter, or reli- gious houle j cf granting dirpenfations G E R with refpefl to the age of ra.ijnnty; of ere(5ting cities, and conferring tne privi- lege of coining money, and of calling the meetings of the diet, and prefrding in them. The eleifors of the enijtire are 3 eccieliaftlcal, namely, the archbifhups of Treves, Cologne, and Mtntz ; and 5 fe- cular, n;ir.iely, the king of Pruffia, as elec- tor of Brandenburg; the king of Great Britain, as eloftor of Hanover ; the pre- fent emperor, as king of Bohemia ; the eltdor of Saxony; and the eleffor palatine of tiie Rhine. Each eleftor bears the title of one ot the principal officers of the em- pire ; ihe eleflor of Hr.nover, for inltanre, being << arch-treafurer and elector of the holy Roman empire." To prevent the calamities of a contefted tlcclion, a king of the Romans has often been choien in the lifetime of the emperor, on whofe death he fuccetds to the imperial dignity as a circumlfance of courl'e. Although chief of the empire, the fupreme authority refides in the diets, which are compoied of 3 col- leges ; that of the eieftors, that of the princes, and that of the imperial town,*. When that of the eleffors and that of the . princes dii'aoree, that of the towns cannot decide the difference; but they are oblig- ed to give their confent, when they are of the fame opinion. The diets have the power of making peace or war, of fettling general impoii'ions, and of regulating all the imporianr affairs of the empire. But their decilions have not the force of law tili the emperor give his confent. All the fovereigns of Germany have an al)ii)iute authority in their own dominions, and can lay taxes, levy troops, and make alliances, provided they cfo not prejudice the empiie. They determine all caules definitively, unlefs in foine particular cafes, in which an appeal may be made. Thefe appeals are to two courts, called the Imperial Chamber and the Aulic Council. Ger- many is divided into 9 cirtlts, each of which ccnijirehends fcveral other Hates ; the princes, prelates, and counts of which, with the deputies of the imperial towns, meet together about their connnon affairs. Each ciicle has one or two directors and a colonel ; the direffors have a power of convoking the aflenibly of the flates of their ciicle, and the colonel commands the army. The 9 circles are thofe of Aufbia, B.ivaiia, Suabia, Franconia, Upper and Lower Rhine, Wcftphalia, and Upper and Lower Saxony. The principal rivers are the Danube, lihine, Elbe, VVeler, Maine, and Oder. The language of Germany is a dialeft of the I'eutonic, which fuccedtd that called the Celtic. The 3 principal ^Xa reliaiaus GEY religious profefHons arc Jhc Romirti, Lu- theran, smi CiilviiiilHc. The fiift prevails in the domiiiiuns of the emperor, in the eccleliaftical decorates, and in Bavaria; the fecond in the circks of Upper and Lower Saxony, great part of Weitphalia, Franconia, Suahia, the Upper Rhine, and in moft of tlie imperial towns ; the third in the dominions of the landgrave ot HclTe Caffel, and of fome other princes. Germersheim, a town in the palati- G H I Gezira, a town of Diarbekir, in Afi- aiic Turkey, 60 miles SE. of Diarbekir. GuANAH, or Ghanarah, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Wangara, fitii- ated on the Niger. Lat. 15. 30. N. Ion. 15. 56. E. Gharburton, Northumberland, a mem- ber of the inanor of Herieftiewcd. Ghent, a city ot the ci-devant Auftri- an Flanders, containing 70,000 inhabit- ants, but not populous in proportion to nate of tiie Rhine, circle of Lower Rhine, it's extent, which is lb great, that Charles It is 5 miles S. of Spire. Germor, Cornwall, between Hclfton and Marazion. (7£'r/?/7/i:. In the higheft parts of them are deer, bears, wolves, leopards, and tigers, which lalt, the Perlians have, it is laid, a method of barren territory of Languedoc, of which taming, and hunt with them as with dogs blende was the capital. Gever. See Gower. Ge-wendale, Yorkfliire, near Rippon. Gex, a town in the dtpt. of Ain, at the toot of Mount St. Claude, noted for excellent chceCe. It is 10 miles NW. of Geneva. Lat. 46. 13. N. Ion. 6. 7. E. Cijdor.y Warw. NE. of Kirgton, It is extremely fertile, producing lllk, cil, wine, rice, tobacco, and excellent fruits in abundance. This province was ceded to RutTia in 1723, but not annexed to the RulTian dominions till 1780. Reflid is the capital. Ghilan, St. a town in the department of the Ncith, featcd on the river Hai»e, 5 niiks G I B 5 miles W. of Mons. Lat. 50. 28. N. Ion. 3. 53- E. Giants' Causeway, a pvomontory of bafaltes in Antrim, Ulfter, efteemed one of the greateft natural curiofities in the world. It is laz miles from Dublin. Lat. 55. 20. N. Ion. 6. 50. W. GicNifsGra've, near Sligo, Connaught. Here are fome maflive monuments of (tone, not unlike Stonehenge. GianCs-Load, in Louth, Leinfter, a (tone, weighing, it is computed, between 30 and 40 tons, fupported by 3 other irregular (tones fet upright. Gia7ifs- Stairs, a large iocicy appearance of fteps, near Cove, in Cork, Munlter. Gibbaro-w, a river in Donegal, Ulfter. Gibbon -Mar/b, Bucks, near Aylefbury. Gibbon" s-Grove, in Cork, Munfter, 3 miles S. of Charleviile. GiBRALTAi?., a town of Andalufia, in .Spain, near a mountain of the fame name, formerly called Caipe, which, with Mount Abyla, on the oppofite (hore of Africa, were called the Pillars of Hercules. It has been in the poifeffion of the Englifli fince the year 1704, who keep a garrilbn here ; which is cooped up in narrow li- mits, and receives fupplies of provifions from England and Barbary. The town is fo ftrong by art and nature, as probably to bid defiance to the utmoit efforts of an enemy. Here are upwards of 300 pieces of cannon mounted on the works. Gibraltar contains feveral ftreets, one of which is pretty fpacious and well paved ; the others are narrow and dirty. It has 3 gates. It is built at the foot of a barren rock, or craggy hill, which rifes 1400 feet above the level of the fea, in a penin- fula, which can be approached only by a narrow palTage, between the mountain and the fea. Acrofs this the Spaniards have diawn a fortified line, to prevent tiie gar- rilbn from having any communication with the country. The Englifh here, exclufive of the garrifon, amount to about 2000, and the Spaniards, Portuguefe, Genoefe, snd Jews to about as many. Here is one Englifli and one Spanifli church, and a jews lynagogue. The road is not iafe againft (^orms, nor convenient for refitting vcflels, though they may be laid on their lldes for careening ; the harbour is formed by 2 moles, one of which is 300 feet in length. On the fummit of the rock is a plain, whence there is a fine profpeft of the fea, on each fide the Strait, of Barba- ry, Fez, and Morocco, and of Seville and Granada, in Spain. The Strait of Gib- raltar is 24 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, and a ftrong cunwnt always runs G I L through It from the ocean to the Mediter- ranean. Gibraltar is 25 miles N. of Ceuta, and 49 SE. of Cadiz. Lat. 36. 6. N. Ion. 5. 22. \V. Gib/hie, Durham, SW. of Ravenfworth- Caftle. Gibfmere, Netting, a hamlet of Southwell. Gidding, Magna and Par-v/i, Hunt. N. of Winwick. Gidding-Steeple^ Hunt. N. of Winwick. GidUj, Dcvonf. near Dartmore-ForeO. GiEN, a town in the depart, of Loiret, feated on the river Loire, 76 miles SE. of Paris. Lut. 47. 41. N. Ion. 2, 45. E. GiENZOR, a town of Tripoli. GiESSEN, a townof HefTe-Darmlladt. Giffard, Heref. near Sawbiidgewortli. Giffen, or Guffen, a river in Carnarvonf. running into tlie Conway. Gifford's-Hallt Suffolk, in Stoke parilh, by Neyland. GiFHORN. See Gyfhorn. GiGA, a fmall illand of Argylefhire. Giggifig, Herts, S. of Barkway. Gig- gkfwick, Yorkfliire, on the Ribbie, near Settle, where at tlie foot of a mountain is a ("pring, noted for elibing and flowing fometimcs thrice in an hour. GiGLio, an illand of Sienna, Tufcany. Gijjfoiie, Northomb. between Framling- ton and Anbtll. Gilbrydike, Yorkfliire, between Saiuiholm and the Humber. GUccj.ghe, in Waterford, Munller. Gilcrux, Cumberland, 5 miles N. of Cockermouth. Gildable, Suiry, in Limpf- field parifh. Gildable, Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet. Giles, St. in the Heath, De- vonfliire, NE. of Laith^efton. CHes-Hill, Hants, near Winton. * Gilford, a town of Down, in Ulfter, feated on the river Ban, 3 miles SW. of Waringtown, and 62 from Dublin. The meanders of the river, over which there is a good ftone bridge of 22 arches, the rif- ing grounds furrounding ir, adorned with wood, and the bleach yards in the bottom, afford altogether a profpect truly delight- ful. Here is a chalybeate Ipa of good quality. Gill/irk, Yorkf. between the Martons and Pinnowhill. Gill, Yorkf. near Bow- land. Gillct, Cornw. SE. of Bottreaux- Caftle. GiUing- Yorkf. near Richmond. GilUngForeji. York!', between Ravenf- woith and Barnard-Caftie. GiUi/igharnf Dorfetf. on tlie Stour. GiUingham^ Kent, 3 miles below Chafliaiu. Giltinghamy All Saints and St. Mary's, N-.if. lie neir the bridge over the Waven'.y to Beccles, GiUiJlaud, Cuiub. on the Pi6t's W.dl, E. of CarlKle, noted tor the medicinal pro- perties r,i it's well. Gibnan^y, York- fhire, SW. of Barnard-Caftle. Gihiwe, Yorkfhire, NE. cf Kirby - Moorfide. I Cibnortoiti G I S Ciliiiortnii, Leicefterfliiie, near Liitter- vvortli. GiLOLO, an iflanJ of Afia, witli a town of the f:ime name, in tlit Aicliipclago of t!ie Moluccas, about 210 miles in length. It produces no fpices, tliougli it is inchul- ed in the S;)ice Iflancis, but ahoncidnce of rice. The inhabitants are fitrce and cruel, living without laws or fixed habitations. It is feaftxl under the line. Lon. t 20. 7. E. GilJJtaugblin, Weftm. 401- 5 miles N\V. of Appleby. Gimejgra'ves, Norf. a hill near Brnndon-Feny. Gimmingham, Nor- folk, near the fea-coalt. Glnge, E. and ff'. Berks, 3 miles from Wantage. GiNGEN, an imperial town ot Suabia. Gjngee, a town on the coalt of Coro- mandel, once the capital of a kingdom of the fame name. It Hands on a mountain, whole top is divided into three points, on each of which is a calUe. Tlic Great IVI.i'^.il befieged it 3 years, towards t!ie dole of the laft century, to no purpi>le. It is -3 miles NW. of Pondicheny. Lat. i:. 16 N. lon. 79, 36. E. Giiigra've, Efiex, S\V. of Billericay. Ghins, Hamplhire, inNewFoieft. GiODDA, or Geddah, the fea-port of Mecca, on the Red S;a, carries on a great trade. Lat. 41. 30. N. lon. 39. 27. E. GiovENAXZO, a town of Bari> Naples. Gihping, Suffolk, SW. of Mendlefham. Gipping, a river of Suffolk, runninp; into the Orwell below S ow. Gipion, York- Ihire, near Hawkfworth. GiRACE, a townt)f Cdabria Ultra. Giixh, a river in Carnarvonfiiire. Gir- ling, Northumberland, part of the manor of VVarkworth. GiRONDE, a department of France. It lies on both fides of the Garonne, and has it's name from that part of the river \vhlch, below it's jundUon with the Dor- «1ogne, is called the Gironde, The prin- cipal town is Bourdeaux. GiRONNA, or GiRONELLA, a town of Catalonia, 7 miles ENE. of Solfona. GiRONS, St. a town in the depart- ment of Arriege. GiROST, a town of Kerman, in Perfia. Girjhy, Yorkf. SW. ofYarum. Gir- fington, Yoikf. NE. of Settle. GirtforJ, BedtordC. near Bigglefwade. Girton, 2 miles NW. of Cambridge. Girton, Not- tingliamf. near Newark. Gir-jan, Ayr- fliire, at the mouth of a river of the fame «ame, almoft oppofite to the rock of Ailia, and 16 miles S. by W. of Ayr. Here are fome manufactures, particularly in the tanning of leather, and the making of boots and rtioes. GisBORN, a town in the AV. Riding of Y-.rkJhire, featcd on the liverRibblcj on G L A the bordrrs of Lancafhire. If is f>o mifes W. of York, and 219 NNW. of London. La». 53. 55. N. lon. x. 22. W. Market on Monday. GiSBOROUGH, a town in the N. Rid- ing of Yorkftiire, 4 miles S. of the ni<)utli of the Tees, 22 miles NW. by W. of Whitby, and 155 N. by W, of London. Lat. 54.. 35. N. lon. 0. 55 W. GisLAiN, St. See Cjhilan. ^ Gijlam, Suff'olk, SW. of LeoftofF. Cif- lotit 50,000 trees arc annually tloated down this river to Frederickltadt. Glo-jcjhi, Leic. S. of Hall.Uon, Gliif- burm:, Yoikl". S. of Skipton. Clwvms, Ctuiivvill, near Peniyn. Glyford, Corn- wall, SE. of Bximin. Glyman, Cornwall, rear Cohimb-Magna. Glyiie, Suflcx, S. ef Lewes. Gljnehurn, SuHex, near Lewes. Gtyitn, or Glin, in LiiPcrick, Munfter. GlynoJ AgerIozv,TLT)d Ghii-Caum, in Cork, Munlier. Glyn oftbeDcxuns, a romantic dale in the county of Wicklow, LeinrtSr, l"o narrow as to admit of little more than the road which palTes through it, and the ihiali gurgling river which runs near the fide of ii. It is 13 miles from Dublin. C'yi l-f'ood, in the pari.^ of Donoghmore, in Djwn, Ulfter. Gnarmack, Cornwall, NW. of Truro. GNi SEN, or GnesnO, a town late of Kalil'ch, Poland, but now of WeftPruflia. Gnofall, Staff, upon Rowley-Water, between Knightley and Willbrighton. Go A, a city on the W. coalt ot Hin- dooftan, capital of the Portugueie fettle- mcnts in India, and the feat of a viceroy. It ilands on an ifland about 22 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, near a fine river, capable of receiving fliips of the greateft burden, which lie within a mile ot the town. That port, as well as the whole ifland, is defended by many caliles and towers, fMinlflicd with abundance of can- non. The buildings here arc of Hone, and fplendid, with numerous convents, nunne- iies, and ecc'tfialHcal houfes. The vice- roy*S palace is a grand building, eredled ever one of the gates ot the city, which leads to a Ipacious (Ireet, terminated by a beautiful church. Here is a ftately hofpi- tal ; and in the fhops about the market- place nny be had the )-.ioduce of Europe, China, Bengal, and other countries. In tile liouks they generally make ui'e of clear oyller- (hells, inltcadof glals, for windows. The air within the towrt is unwholelbme, but tlw banks ot the river are pleafant. GOD and atlomed with many handfome ftruc- turcs. The tr-i£l between the town and the ("ea is thickly planted with villages and fine (eats, and abounds with tropic. 1 trees and fruits. The inquifition is yet convl- nued in this part of the Portugtiefe domi- nions. Though the' houfes here make a fticwy appearance, they are but pouily furniflied. The inhabitants lively chiefly on greens, fruit, roots, bread, rice, and fi(h, though they have hogs and towl in plenty. Goa has few manufaclures, or produflions (or commerce; their principal trade is in arrack, which tliey diitil trom the lap of the cocoa-nut tree. It has been in the hands ot the Portuguefe fince the year 15 10, when it was taken by General Albuquerque. Lat. 15. 28. N. Ion. 73. 45. E. Goadby, Leicefterfhire, NW. of Halla- ton. Goad!'}', Leicederfliire, N. ot Wal- ton -on- the- Would. Gobhlecote, Herifordlhire, near Tring. GoBis, St. See Fere. Gabions, Magna, Eflex, in the liberty of Havering. Gocii, a town of Cleves, Weftphalia. GociANO, a town and dilirift ot Sar- dinia. * GODALMIN, a town of Surry, leatcd on the river Wey, v^'here it divides into feveral dreams. The country about it is agreeably diverfifitd with hills and gentle uplands. It is 4 miles SW. of Guildford, and 34 SVv'. of London, on the road to Portfmouth. Lat. 51. 13. N, Icn. o. 34. W. Market on Wednelday. GoDAVtRY, a river of Hindooftan, which liles about 70 miles NE. of Bom- bay, and after cro(ring Dowlatabad, and part of Golconda, falls into the Bay of Ben?ral by (everal mouths, in lat. about i(j. 40. N. and Ion. S2. 20. E. GoJJington, Kent, in Frendfbury pari(}i. Goddi/igton, O X ford (li ire, NE. of Bicefter. Godley, Chefliire, SE. of Druckenfieid. Godiingjiune, Dorfetftiire, in Purbeck If(e, and Sv/anwich pnrifh. GODMAKCHESTER, a town of Hunt- ingdon(hii-e, parted from Huntingdon by the river Oufe, but united to it by a bridge and (hort caufeway, which form a part of the poft-road between London and Edinburgh, It is inhabited by a great number of yeomen and farmers, v;ho are laid to have extraordinary teams of horfes, no town in England keeping more ploughs at work than this hath done. They lor- merly received the kings who pafTed that way with adifplay of their inftruinents of agriculture, exhibiting, at one time, nine Icore ploughs, adurntd with trappings, &c.' % Gedmanham, G O L Codmanham, Yorkf, between Beverley and Pocklington. Godvtanjion, Doiietl'. NW. of Fiainpton, i mile trom Nether- cerne. Godmerjl)am, Kent, on the river that runs from Wye to Canterbury. Godnejhn, Kent, a manor of Sittingboiirn. Godolphin, a iiili in Cornw. E. of iViount's Bay, and 4 from Market-Jew, famous for it's tin-mines. GodfiUl, Ifle of Wight, in E Medina. * Godjlone, Surry, E. of Biechingiey. Godjlcw, NW. of Oxford, in a ibrt of ifland formed by the divided itreams of tlie Ilis. Godzvkk, Norfolk, W. of Ehnhaiii. Gojford-Gredn, Warwickf. E. of Coventry. Cofforth, Cumberland, near ponlbnby. Goes, or Ter Goi-s, a town in the United Provinces, in Zealand, capital of the illand of Sr. Bevelandt. It communi- cates with an ai^m of the Scheidr, by a canal, and carries on a confidciable trade in fait, grain, 8cc. If is 10 miles NE. of FliJlhing. Lat. 51. 53, N. Ion. 3. 50. E. Gogrnagog Hills, 1 miles from Cam- bri'ige, near Newmarket and Ballham. G o G R. A , D E w A H , o r S o o R J E \v , a I a I • g e river whicii riles in Thibet, and forcing it's way through rvIountHimmaleh,croff-s the country of Oude, and unites with the Ganges 15 miles W. of Patna. GoHUD, a circar or territory of Hin- dooltan, in the province of Agra, lubje3: to a rajah, v^hois tributary to the Poor.ah Mahrattas. It's capital is of the fame IKHTie. Goit-lLdl, Chtdiire: NE. of Stockport. GoiTO, a town of Mantua. Goke-zvelL Lincoln!". NW.of Glandford- Bridge. Goland, Cornwall, near Fowey. Gollforn, Ciielhire, SW. of Tattcnhall. Golborn, Lancalhire, near W. Derby. GoLCCns'DA, a country of Hindoortan, boanded on the N. by Bcrar, on the E. by the 5 Circars, on the S, by Myibre and theCarn3tic,and on the W. byDowlatabad and Vifiapour, fubjeil to the Nizam ot the Deccan. Tiic great rains which iA\ in June, part of July, Auguil, September, and Oil:ol)er, fweil the rivers to a danger- ous degree ot deptii and rapidity, and ren- der the land exceedingly tf-rtlle, efpecially in fruits. They make white wine of their grapes, and have yearly two crops of rice and other grain. Tiit^diamond mines here are the molt conliderable in the world. Tiie black merchants buy parcels of grotir^d lo fearch for thelt; precious Itones in. Tiiey fometimes fail in meeting with any; and atotheis they hnd imnicnfe riches. They have alio mines of fait and fine ironj and curious calicoes and chinrfcs. Hvdiabad is the capital, but the city and f;rt;ers of G O i\I Golconda was formerly the refidence of the kings of this country. Goldberg, a town of Lignitz, Silefia. Goldiroke, Suffolk, near Eye. GoUcliff, Monmoiithf. on the S. fide of the county. Gold Coast of Guinea, a mari- time country of Africa, in which are more forts and faftories of European nations, than in any other part of the coalt of Africa, It reaches from the river Suera da Cofta on the W. to the river Volta on the E. and includes feveral diftrifts, in which are two or tlnee towns or villages, fcarteied along the fea-fnore. Tiie whole Gold Coair is about 180 miles in length. The negro merchants are generally very rich, and trade with Europeans in gold. Tl:e domedic animals are bulls, cows, flieep, and goats ; the laft of which are innumer- able, and their iiefh is excellent. The beef and mutton are not good. The prin- cipal countries are Ancobar, Axem, Anta, Comnienda, Fetu, Sabo, Adtvm, Agouna, Acra. Acambore, Labadde, Fantin, Incal- I'an, Ningo, and Sabre. Goidcot-Park, Warwickrtiire, near Strat- ford-upon-Avon. Golden, in Tipperary, Munfter, on th? Suir, 8 miles from Dublin. Golden, or IVal-veden, Cornwall, between Grampound and Trm-o. Golden Island, a fmall Ifland at ths entrance of the Gidf of Darien, Lat. g. 20. N. Ion. 77. 10. W. Goldeu rale, Heref. extends alon^ the banks of the Dove. Colder, Oxf. NE, of Chalgrave. Golder-s Green, Middlcfex, between Hampftead Heath and Hendon. Goldjhurg, Yorklhii-e, near Boroughbridge. Gdugate-Bny, Kent, W. of Margate-Bay. G-Adbanger, Eflex, E. of Maiden. Gold- hill-Green, Kent, E. of Tunbridjje. GoLDiNGEN, a town of Courfand. Coldingham, EfTcx, between Bumpfled- Sreeple and Sudbury, Coldings, Elfex, between Waltham-Abbey and Hcybridge. Goldinglon, N. of Bedford, Gcldfmith''s- Grange, Leicefterfliire, NE, of Melton- IMowbray. Gold-xvell, Kent, W. of A(h- ford . Goldzv/.'urd, Surry, SE. of Croydon. Gole, Yorkfiiire, W. Riding, E. of Armin, GoLETTA, an illatid and fortrefs at the^ entrance of the Bay of Tunis, GoLNOW, a town of Pruffian Pome- rnnia, Golfury, or Goljimy, Cornwall, iie?.r Mvuni'b-Bay and St. Hilary, Golthorn- Hili Staffcrdfliire, S. of Wolverhampton. C-i)W'or/.- Yorkfhire, W. of Doncalter. Gombroon, or Gambron^h fea-port of Larilbn, Perfia, called alfo Bandar AbalTi, leated yii a Bay 9 mUes from the illand G O N I/lanil of Ornuis. The bed houfes are built with bricks dried in the iun, and are flat at the top, with a fqinre turret, having holes on each iide for a free paflage ot the air. Thole who Hay in town during tlie fnni- nier llcep upon thefe roots. Other houfes, or rather hu's, are made with the boughs «f palni-tiies, and covered with leaves. The Coil around it is barren, but provifions, brought from other countries, are plenti- iul. Throngli all the lalt century, and at tlic beginning of the prelent, tiiis town was the port of Schiras, and of the S. of Perfia. At prtlent, trade is very lo-v here, nor is there a (ingle European counting- houle in the city. The Dutdi for a while continued to trade here, but fnice they formed a fettlement in the ifland of Karek, they have entirely del'erted Gombroon. Lat. a7. 20. N. Ion. 57.0. E. GoMERA, one of the Canary Iflands, about 20 miles long and 10 wide, 6 leagues SVV. from the litand of Tenei iffe. It's capital, of the fame name, has a good har- bour, better than in any of the other illands where the Spanifh W. India fleets often take in wine, fruits, and other pro- vifions. It is well cultivated and fertile. L:ir. 28. 6. N. Ion. 17. 8. W. Go'nerfat, Yorkfhire, W. of Wakefield. Grjmerfeg, Dorfetihire, near Stalbridge. Gomerfet, Yorkftnre, N. Riding, between Swalcdale-Forelt and Arkendaie. Gonal- jlon^ Nottingh. SE. of Sherwood- Forelt. GosDAR, the metropolis of Abyflinia, is fituated on a hill of confiderabie height, and contains about 10,000 families, in time of peace. The houfes are chiefly of clay, and tl>e roofs thatchrd in the form of cones, the ufual conftruftion within the tropical rains. The inhabitants are of an olive complexion, and prcfefs Chriltiani- ty. Their patriarch depends upon that of Alexandria ; but they appear as jealous of the European Chriltians as of the MiifTcl- mans. They have no iTiops ; but expofe their merchandife to faie, upon mats, in a large I'quare : :gold and rock-falt form their medium of barter. The habit of the i better Ibrt is made of fiiks and cottons, but the common people wear nothing but drawers. It is iSo miles SE. of Sennar, ;md near 1000 S. of Grand Cairo. Lat. 12. 34. N. Ion. 37. 33. E. GONDEGAMA, or GONDLACOMMA, 3 river ot Hindocftan, which riling near Coin!)am, forms the dominal boundary of the Carnaticon the N. and enters the Bay of Bengal at Medipijly, or Mootapilly. Go NDR E CO URT, or G ANDRE COURT, a town in the department of M'.ufe, 21 miles SSE. of Bar-le-Duc. GOO GONr)REvii.i,E, a town In the depart- ment of Meurthc, feated on the Molelle» 3 milfcs NE. of Toul. GoNOA, a town of Romania. GoNjAH, a kingdom of Africa, little known, and fituated, according to feme, between the coaft of Upper Guinea on the S. and Tombuftou on tlie N. It's ca'»ifal, Gjnjah, is computed to be 870 miles W. by S. of Cafhna. Lat. 13. 20. N. Ion. 4. :o. W. GoNNESSE, a town in the dept. of Seine and Oife, remarkable for the goodnefs of it's bread. It 139 miles N- of Paris. Goodale-Houfe, Yorkf. in Holdcrnefs, W. of Hornfey-Mere. Gooderfton, Nor- folk, between Downham and Watton. Good Hope, Cape of, themoftlbuth- erly point of the comment of Africa, and Very rocky, lies in 34. 29. S. lat. and i3. 23. E. ion. Upwards of 30 miles to the N. of it is the Cape Town, which is neat and well-built, rifing in the midft of a de- l<;rt, encompaffed by black and dreary mountains. The ftorehoufes of the Dutch E. India company are fituated next the water, and the private buildings lie be- yond them on a gentle afcent. The fbeets are broad .and regular, interfcftii;g each other at right angles ; and the houfes are moftly built of Itone, and white-wafhed. Here are two churches, one for the Cal- vinifts, the other for the Lutherans. The religion of the flaves is as little regarded here as in the colonies of other European ffates. They are treated, however, with humanity, and are lodged and boarded in a fpacious houfe, where they are kept at work. Thefe flaves, a few Hottentots ex- cepted, were originally brought from the E. Indies, and principally from Malacca. Another great building ferves as an hofpi- tal for the faiiors belonging to the Dutch E. India fhips, which touch here. It is fituated clofc to the company's garden, and is an honour and ornament to the town : the convalefcents have free accefs to thefe gardens, where they enjoy the benefit of a pure, wholelbme air, perfumed by the fra- grance of a great number of rich fruit- trees, aromatic flirubs, and odoriferous plants and flowers; they have likewife the ufe of every produ6lion in it. The inha- bitants are fond of gardens, which they keep in excellent order. The heavy draught-work about the Cape is chiefly ' performed by oxen, which are brought to an uncommon degree of docility and ule- fulnefs. The inhabitants, in general, tra- vel in a kind of covered waggon, drawn by oxen, which better fuit the roughnefs of the country, th^ii more elegant vehicles j but c o o but the governor, and feme of tlie weal- thier people, keep coaches, which are much in the Engiilh ftyie, and are drawn by (ix horles. The ground behind the tou-n gr^iduaily riles on all fidrs toward the mountains, called the Table-Mountain, which is the higheft ; the Sugar-Loaf, i'o named from i:'s form; the Lion's-Head ; Charles-Mount ; and James-Mount, or the Lion's-Rump. The view from the Table- Mountain is extenlive and pifturefque ; and all along the valleys are fcattered a number of fine plantations. The cul'.ivated coun- try, beyond the mountains, is of great ex- tent, and forms fix different effablKhments, Thefoil is uncommonly produttive, and the climate favourable. The fpring com- mences here in Oftober. Provifions are very reafonable. A late traveller lays, that he iaw 13 pounds of mutton fold tor about 6d. fterling; a whole ox for 2 gui- neas and a half, or 3 guineas; and corn and other things in proportion. Fifii, and game brought from the country, are abun- dant. In September, 1795, the town and colony furrt-ndered to an Englifh fquadron under Sir G, K. Elphmltone, feccnded by about 8000 land forces under Majors Ge- neral Clarke and Craig, on terms of capi- tulation. The lofs of the Englifh amount- ed to 4 men killed, and a few officers and men wounded. Goodleigh, Devonfliire, nekr Sherwell. Coodmanham, Ycrkfliire, E. Riding, NE. of Market- Wighton- Goodrich, Heref, 3 miles from Monmouth. Goodrington, Devonfhire, in Paynton parirti. Goodwin Sands, noted fand-banks off the coaft of Kent, lying eaftward of the Downs, and about 4 or 5 miles from the S. Foreland. As they run parallel with the coaft for 3 leagues together, at thedif- tance of 4. or 5 miles from it, they add much to the fecurity of the Downs, as a road, as they break off the force of the Tea on the E. and S. and SW. but when the wind blows hard at SE. or at E. by. N. orENE. (hips are often driven from their anchors, and are either forced on thefe fands, or obliged to take fiitlter in Sand- wich Bay, or Ramfgate Pier. Thefe fands occupy the fpace that was formerly a large tract of low marftiy g; jund, be- longing to Goodwin, earl of rCent, father of king Harold, and v/as afterwards given to the St. Augurtin monaftery at Canter- bury ; but the abbot, neglefting to keep in repair the wall that defended it from the fea, the whole traft was inundated. Great part is dry at low water. Coodivinjion, Kent, near Feverfham. Good-v:ood, Suilex, near Chicheftsr. Good- G O R iijorth, Hampfhire, ncaf Whorwell. GooMPTV, a river of H.ndooftan, which riles in the Rohilla country, and flowing SE. by Lucknow and Jiciipour, falls into the Ganges, 15 miles below Eenires. Gongoofe-HUl, Cornwall, by the Tea-fide, nearHcKtone. Goonkill-Donuns, Cornwall, near Lizard-Point. Goojeberry-Hill, in Cork, Munfter. Goofehurji, Yorkfhire, W. Riding, N. of Snaith. G.ofes, ElTex, NE. of Giddy. Hall, Goojey, Berks, a chapel near Srand- ford. Goofi:tree,Che{h. SE. of Nonhwicii. GooTY, or GuTTi, a town and for- trefs cf Hindooltan, capital of a dillrict of the fame name. It was formerly the feat of the government of Morari Row, a Mah- ratta prince, but is now fubjcrft fo Tippoo Sultan, regent of Mylbre. It lies N. of the river Painar, 25 miles S. by E. of Adoni, and 170 N. of Seiingapatam. Lat. 15. 15. N. Ion. 77.45. E. Goppiall-Grange, Liecefterfiiire, N W. of B'. J worth. " GoRGUM, a town of S. Holland, which carries on a confiderable trade in cheefe and butter. It is feated on the river Lmge, at it's junffion with the Maefe, and is i» miles E. of Dordrecht, and 30 S. of Am- fterdam. Lit. 51. 51. N. Ion. 4. 58. E. Gore-Court ^ Kent, near Leeds Caivie. GoR.EE, an illand on the W. coaft of Africa, three quarters of a mile in length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth, fu:-jcft to tlie F.ench. It is reckoned of great importance on account of it's proximity to Cape Verd, lying nearly within cannon fhct of" the ftiore, and it's advantageous fituation for trade. Lat, 14. 40. N. Ion. 17. 30. W. Go REE, a tov»n and ifland on the coaft ofS. Holland, 6 miles W. of Hclvoetfluys. Gore-End, Kent, in Tiranct-Ifle. Gorey" s Bridge, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. * GoREY, or Newborough, a rown of Wexford, in Leinfter, 18 miles N. of Wexford town, and 39 S, of Dublin. Gore Island, in the N.Pacific, fo named by Captain Cook, who di'covered it in his lalt voyage. It appeared to be barren, and deftitute of inhabitants, and is ahout 30 nyles in circumterence. Lat. 60. 40. N. Ion. 172. 30. W. GoRGONA, an idand about 25 miles from the coaft of Tufcany, remarkable for the great quantities of anchovies taken near it. Gorgon A, anifland S. of Bonaventure Bay, near the coaft of Popayan, S. America. Ccrkamlmry, Hertfordfhire, near St« Alban's. Coriftg, Oxfordlhite, on th$ R Tiiamss, GOT Th.lmes, between Reading and Walling- ioiil. Goring, bviUVx, near Ternng. GORiTiA, or GoRiTZ, a town and county of AuUria. Gorlnrd, Yoikftiire, N. Riding, near Bl.iktinoic. GoRi .' 1 /, a town in Uppei Lnlatia. Gorljhn, Suffolk,, near Yaiinoiith. Goratuns J'q'W'I, in Tippeiary, Mun- ftei. Gornajlnn, Norfolk, NW. of Hiughani. Cornhajy Devonflincnear Tivei ton. Gor- pilt-HtlL Yorkfhir.% W. of H^iUax. Gor- jynottf Glamori^anfluvc. GorjUcotes, btuf- lord/hirc, N. oF Walla!. *GoRT, a town of Galway, Con- n.inght, 98 miles from Dublin. Gortahurk, in Donegal, Ulllcr. Gor- tin, in Tyrone, Ullter. Goii/ielghraght, in P'ermanagh, Ullter. Gorton, Lancafhiie, SE. of Manchefter. Gorivay, a river in Carnarvonfliire. Gor- nveil, Dorfetlliire, z miles SE. of Litton. GoRZL, a town in the department of the Mol'elle, 8 miles SW. of Metz. Gojbeck, SnfF. NE. of Needham. Gof- benon, Line. 8 miles irum Bollon. Gof- f eld-Hall. EiTex, near Braintree. Gosford, Oxfordf. SE, of Woodllock. Gosford, N. and S. Northumberland, near Ncwcalllc. GosLAR, an imperial town of Lower Saxony, feated on a hill, near the river Gofe. In the Rammel Mountain, near it, arc mines of lead and ijon ; and the inha- bitants brew excellent beer. It is 30 miles S. of Brunl'wick. Gofnarth, Lancaftiire, near Prefton. * GospORT, a town in H?.mpfhire, on the W. fide of the Harbourcf Portlinouih, over wliich there is a ferry. Here is a fpacious hol'pital for the relief ot fick and wounded failors. It is htuated in Alver- ftock parifli, and is 79 miles SW. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Qoffe, Ifii.- of Wight, in W. Medina. Cojj'es, Ell'ex, 3 miles from Burntwood. 'CojUngton, Gloucef. in Slimbridgc pari/h. GosTVNEN.or GosTAViN, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Kawa. Gof-well, Lincoln!", near the Humber. Gofivick, Norlhumb. on the coall, NW. of Holy liland. Gctchiirji, Bucks, near NewpoJt Pagncl. Goteharjl. Sonierl. SW. of Bridgewater. Goteland, Voi kfliire, N. Riding, between Cleveland and Blackmoor. • GoTHA, a town and principality of Upp^i' Saxony, which contains \z tcnvns, btfidcs villages. Tiie duke maintains a guard ot 160 men; two regiments, each <:o:ui(tiiig of too men ; and a corps of ar- tiJleiy. GoniA, or GcviiLLH.'v, ajiver of W, c o u Gothland, which runs from the Wenner Lake into the lea, near Gothenburg. Gotham, Notiingh. in the SW. angle of the county, 7 miles from Nottingham. GoTHARD, St. one of the higheft mountains in Swifl'erland, being 9075 feet above the level of the fea. It ii> 8 uides S. of Altorf. GOTHKBORG, or Gol" HENBURG, Z town of W. Gothland, in Sweden, leateJ at the mouth of the river Goiha, which forms an excellent harbour. It is the beft fiiuated for foreign trade of any in the kingdom, as it lies without the Sound } and from this port fhe E. India fliips take their departure. The inhabitants are com- puted to be 20,000. A conliderable her- ring fifheiy is carried on here. It is forti- fied, and 190 miles SW. of Stockholm. Lat. 57.42. N. Ion. 13. 10. E. Gotheruigton, Gloucelterfhire, in the pa« rifh of Bifhop's Cleeve. Go:hUly Somer- letfhire, near Candlcpurfe in Dorielfnire. ■ Gothland, one of the five general divilions of the kingdom of Sweden, con- taining the provinces of Ollrogothia, Smoland, Weitrogothia, Wermland, the fief of Bahus, Dalia, Halland, Blekinge, and the Ifles of Gothland and Eland. The Goths had kings of their own till the year J 1 32, when they v^-ere united to Sweden in the perlbn of Suercher. Gothland, a large ifland of Sweden, in the Baltic. The chief town is Wifby. GOTTENBURG. See GOTHEBORG. GOTTiNGEN, a town of Calcnburg, Lower Saxony, fubje6l to the eleftor of Hanover, Here George II, founded an univeriity in 1734., which has already ac- quired a very diifinguiflied reputation. The library, called the Buloiucan, which is increafing every year, is one of the moft capital in Europe, Here is alfo a fine ob- fervatory, a phyfic garden, an anatomical theatre, and a fchool for midwifery ; toge- ther with a Royal Society of Sciences, and a Royal German Society, all part of the univeriity. Belonging to it is a large fpiendid church, with a peculiar paftor, and a new and Itately l\ru£lure of ftone, the ground floor of which ferves as a hall tor public le(5fuies. Gotton, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Cotton, Somerfetfhire, near Taunton. GoTTORP, a town of Slelwick, capital of th€ duchy of Holficin Gottorp. GOTTESBERG, in Schweidnltz, Silefja. GouDA, or Tltrgow, a town of the United Provinces, in S. Holland. Goudhurst, a town in Kent, is miles SW, of Maidlione, and 44 SE. of London, Mar.k^t v>n Wednelday. GOVERNOLO, G R A GovERNOLO, a town of Mantua. GouRA, or GuRA, atownofMafo- vla, Poland. Go-uidale, Great antl Little, Yorkf. E. Riding, N. uf Pockiington. GouUhall, Yurki'. W. Riding, near Snaitli. Gnulepy, Yorkl. S£. of Northallerton. Goulfnarth, Lancal'. between Prcfton and Bowland Fo- re(t. Gouiiho Hall, Lincolnfhire, between Lincoln and Stanton. GouRDON, a town in the department of Lot, 1 8 miles N. ot Caliors. Lat. 44.. 39. N. Ion. I. 24. E. Gonrnal, Staffordl". in Sedgeley parifh. GouRNAY, a town in the department of Lower Seine, remarkable for it's market of fine butter. It is 24 miles E. of Rouen. Lat. 49. 29. N. Ion. i. 47. E, GouROCK, a town of Rcnfrewfliire. Gourton, Nott . a hamlet of Southwell, in BIclcby parilli. Go-iuhorn-Head, Lane, in Loynrdale, near the Ken-Sands. GowER, Gever, or St. Goar, a town of Heflc Rhinefeldt, circle of Upper Rhine. *GoWRAN,a town of Kilkenny, Lein- fter. Goi-vthzvate-Hall, Yorkf. in Halifax parifh. Gox/?///, Lincolnl". near Burton on- the-Humber. Goxhill, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Hornfey. Goyte, a river of Derby, and Lancafhire, which runs into the Mer- fey oppofire Goyt. Gojthoufes, Dcrbyf. in the High Peak. Gqytre, Monmouth- ihirc, SE. of Abergavenny. Gozzi, GozEs, or Gozo, an ifland Rear the SW. coafjt «r Candia. Gozzo, an ifland NW. of Malta. Grahje, Lincolnl'. SE. of Fokingham. Grabow, a town of Mecklenburg Schwerin, Lower Saxony. Gracedieu, Monm, on the Trothy, SW. ef Monmoutli. Gracedieu, Leic. between Afhby-de-la Zoi.'ch and Loughborough. Grace-Hill, a flttlement of the Mora- vian Brethren, near Ballymena, in Antrim, U.ller. Graces, Efl'ex, near Ll'tle Baddow. Graciosa, one of the Azores Iflands, about 10 mil"S long and S bi'oad. It takes it's name from it's beauty and fertility in corn, fruit, pafture, and cattle. The in- habitants are about 3000. Grade, Cornwall, near Livard-Point. Gradiska. 3 towns ot Sclavonia, Auf- tria, and Stiria. Grado, an ifland of Friuli, Venice. Grafton. Chefhire, on the Dee, NVV. of Malpas. Grafton, Northampton!. NE. of Kettering. Grafton, Bucks, near Leigh- ton in Bedfordfhire. Grafton, NW. of Shrewsbury. Grafton^ Yojkf, W, Riding, G R A SE. of Borouglibridge. Grafton, Oxf. Ofi the Ilib, E. of Leclilade. Grafton, Wore, near Bromi'grove. Grafton, £, and U'. Wilts, between Manninford and Great Bed win. Graf on, Ardens, Li.'tle, or Lo^i-^ er, and Grafton, Temple, or Upper, Warw. between Aulcefter and Stratford-\ipon- Avon. Grafton f/z/orijSE.of Worcefter. Grafton, Giouc. on the boiders ot Wore, and on the '[\i\t of Br»;don-Hill, where, in Feb. 1764, a large tradl of land, near 16 acres, flipped from the fide of Bredon Hill, and entirely covered leveral pafture grounds, and a ccnfiderable fpace of the co^.ir.on field, at the bottom <*f the hill. Grafton- Regis, Northamp.on the riverTove, 8 miles from Northampton, on the road to Stony- Stratford. The m.mor houle and park were given by Charles II. to the Duke of Grafton, whence the title is derived. Graffv.ick, Yoikf. near Thirflc. Graces, Bucks, near Rickmanlworth. Graham's^ Muir, between the Carron-Works and FaU kirk, in Scotland. Graigcmanagh, in Kilkenny, Leinf!er, feated on the Barrow. Graigjiovjn, in Kilkenny, Lcinlier. Graingharn, Lincolnflure, near Corring- ham. Gralam, Chcrtiire, on the Pever. Grammon't, in Flanders County. Grammont, a town in the dept. cf Upper Vienne; 1 5 miles NE. of Limoges, Grampound, a town of Cornwall, having a conliderable manufafture of gloves. It is feated on the river Fa!e, iS miles NE. of Falmouth, and 244 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Gran, a town and river of Hungary. Granada, a province of Spain, on the Mediterranean, about 175 miles in length, and from 20 to 90 in bieadth. It is rather a mountainous country ; but the foil is re- markably good, although not well culti- vated, and the climate i^ healthy and tem- perate. It protluccs corn, wine, oil, lu- gar, flax, hemp, excellent fruits, honey, wax, grapes, and mulberry-trees, which feed a great number of iilk-worms. The forefts produce gall-nuts, palm-trees, and oaks. It's capital is Granada. Granada, a city of Spain, capital of the province ot Granada, containing an uni- verfity, and fcveral palaces, with other fplendid public buildings. It is built on four hills, near the confluence of the Oro, or D.uTo, v»ith the Xcnil, and is 240- miles S. of Madrid. Lat. 37. 17. N. Ion. 3. 34. W. Granada, or Grenada, an ifland in the W. Indies, about ao miles in length from N. to S. and 10 wide in the centre, but narrowing tow3ids tl;e extremities. R a Trees G R A Trees of all forts, both fruit and timber, except the cucoa-tree, are better than tho.'e of the fame fjjecies in t!.*.- neighbouring idands. It is well watered, and there is abtmdancc of game and river fifh. In 3787 the expoits weie 175,584. cwt. oi fugar, 670,000 gallons of rum, 8800 cwt. of coffee, 2700 cwt. of cacao, 2,ooo,ooo!bs. of cotton, and zSoolbs. of indigo, befides mifcf llai'.cous articles, amounting in the whole to upwards of 6oo,oool. Iterl. It is one of the Windward Caribbees, and is 30 leagues NVV. of Tobago. The princip;d harbours arc Port Lewis, on the W. fide of the idand, and St'. George. It is fubjcc> to the Englifti. Lat. about 12. 10. N. Ion. 61. 50. \V. Granapa, a trsding town of Mexico, in ihi- province of Nicaragua, I'eated on an ifland in the lake Nicaragua, which com- municates with the Atlantic by the river Sr. Juan. It is about 50 miles SSE. of Leon. Granada, New, a provirce in the government of Terra Firma, having th.e prorinces of Popayan and Carthagena on on the W. and S^. Martha and Venezuela en the N. It contains mines of gold, cop- per, and iron ; luirfes, mules, corn, good palhirage, and fruits. Sanra-Fe-de-Ba- gcta is the capital. GRASAniLi.AS, or Granadines, a duller of illands, about 23 in number, in the W. Indies, dependant on Granada. They are motfiy fertile, and capable of producing cotton, coffee, indigo, and fugar. *Granard, a town of Longford, in Leinfter. Granhorough, Warwickfhire, near Wll- loughhy. Grancbefier, on the Cam, S. of Cambridge. Grami^'j, NoLtinghamfliire, SE. of Bingham. Grand Pre, a town in the department of Ardennes, 29 m.iles E. of Rlieims. Laf. 49. 21. N. Ion. 4. 51;. E. Gra7ideJhcrough, Suff. NW. of Wocd- brldge. Craney, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Grf^nge, in Slieo, Connaught. Grange, or Mount Hamilto)!, in Tyrone, Ullter. Grange, in Antrim, Ullter. Grange, in Meath, Leinrter. Grai:g£ -Forte/cue, in Meath, Leinlier. Grange-Mellon, in Kildare, Leinlter. Grange-More, in Weft-Meath, Leinlter. Grange, Neiv, in Meath, Lein- lter, near Slanc. Grange, Chefli. near the mouth of the Lee. Gra>:ge, Cinnb. in Burrotlale, ne:>r Kefwick. Grafige, Dorfetf. near Wa e- hani. Gr/7«?f, NE. of Durham. Grange, Glouctllerf. in Trtbury parifli. Graj/^c, Hampthire, N . of Itcbingitoke. Gra^ige, G R A Ileref. near Brompton-Brian. Grange, Kent, I mile from Gillingham. Grange, Lancaf. in Amoundcrnels, has a port for fmall VL-nils. Grange, N. of Lincoln. Grange, Northumberl. SW. of Morpeth. Grange, Northumberland, near Poutiiand. Grnnse-Harnege, near Shrewfbury. Granicus, a fmall river of Becfangil, anciently Myfia, a province of Narolia. It has it's fcurce in Klount Ida, near the fuppoied ruins of Troy, and falls into the S^a of Marmora. Granfam, Herefurdfliire, NW, of Led- bury. Granfden, Great, Hunringdonfliire, SE. of St. Neot's. GranfJfn, Little, Cam- bridgefhire, SE. of Great Granldtn. Granjha-Tu, in Down, Ullter. Gran- flia-.v, in Kerry, Mur.fter. Granson, a town and bailiwick of SwilTerland, SW. of the Lake of Near- chatel. Granta, a river running into the dm, at Cambridge. * Grantham, a town in Lincolnfhire, feated on the liver Witham, 24 inilts SW. of Bofton, and no N. of London. Laf. 52. 54. N. Ion. o. 41. W. Market on Saturday. Granthorn, Lincoln fhire, on the coaft N. of Saltfieet. GrantUy, York/hire, W. Riding, SW. of Rippon. Granville, a town in the dept.- of the Channel, moiliy feated on a fliarp rock. It isfurrounded by v.a!l3,and has a harbour capable of receiving about 60 fmall veftVls. It is 12 miles NW. of Avranches. Lat. 48. 50. N. Ion. I. 32. W. Grany Ferry, in, or betueen, the coun- ties of Waterford and Kilkenny. GraJIon, Dorfetfliire, in Burton parifh. Grarigg-Hall, Weftmorl. NE. of Kendal. GraJJiam, Huntingdonf. W. ofBugden. Grafiham, SufTex, SW. of Pctworth. Grajfingion, Yorkfhire, W. Riding, near Skipton, in Craven. Grassmere-Water, a fmall, beau- tiful lake of Weltmorland, N. of Amblc- fide and Rydal ; near it Itands Graffmere, a neat village. Grajf/nire, a lofty mountain of Cumber- land, near Buttermere, GraSjE, a town in the dept. of Var, 15 miles WSW. of Nice. Lat. 43. 39. N. Ion. 7. o. E. Grasse, La, a town in the dept. of Aude, 18 miles SE. of Carcaffonne. Grateley, Hants, SE. of Qn^arley-HUI, in the road from Anduver to Salifbury. Gratbivate, Lane, between the Foffe river and Winandermere. Graton, Yorkf. E. Riding, N. of Bayn'.cn. Gratton, Derb. NW. ttf Wirkfworth, Gratv.-ich, Staff. N. of G R A N. of t'le Blith, near Chartly-Caftle. GitATZ, a town ct Sriria, with an uni- ^'eifity, an arfena), and a callle on a rock. The alTtmbly of the ftates is helJ here. It is feated on the Tviiidir, 70 miles SSW. of Vienna. Lar. 47. 4.. N. Ion. 15. 30. E. Graudentz, a town of Culm.Pruliia. Grave, a town of Dutch Brabant. Grwuely, Cambiidgefhire, near Pap- worth. Gr^-r^/iy, Her tfordfliire, between Stevenage and Baldcck. Gravelines, a town in the dept. of the North, frated on the river Aa, 9 miles WSW. of Dunkirk. Lac. 50. 59. N. Ion. 2. 16. E. Gravenau, in Lower Bavaria. Gra-veney, Kent, N£. of Fevfrdiam; GraiyCnkanger, Shropf. on the borders of Chelhire and Staff. Grave/^i-Hall-fFooJ, Oxf. near Langford, in Berks. Graveji- hurji, Bedford!. S. of Shcfford, Gra-ves, Warw. between Colefhill and Sutton- Col- field. GraiJc-jhurge, Ycrkf. near Rothe- rani. Graz-efeud, Herts, near Aidbury. *Gravesend, a town of Kent, feated on the Thames. It is commonly called the corporation of Gravefend and Milton, thcl'e two places having been incorporated by queen Elizabetii. Jn the reign of Ri- chard II. the French and Spaniards came up the Thames, burnt and plundered it, and carried away moll of the people; and, by way ot compenl'ation for this lofs, he granted the remaining inhabitants the tx- cluine privilege of carrying paiTengers, be- tv.'cirn this place and London, in boats, at twopence a- head, or a whole boat's fare at lour ihillings. They (hll enjoy this pri- vilege; but the fare is now ninepence a liead. The chief employment of the la- bouring people is the fpinning of hemp, to make nets for firtiing and ropes. It is 22 rniies from London. Lat. 51. 25. N. Jon. o. 27. E. Markets on Wcdnefday and Saturday ; and a fifti-market on Sun- day morning. Gra-vefiiorton, Northamptonshire, NW, of Towcefter. Gravina, a town of Bari, Naples. Graulhet, a town in the dept. of Tarn, 12 miles NW. of Calires. Graivjhie, Line. W, of Marfli Chapel. Ga-Tvtey, Suffex, SW. of E. Grinlted. Gray, a town in the dept. of Upper Saone, feated on the river Sione, 25 n;iles NE. of Dijon. Lat. 47. 28. N. ion. 5.41. E. Gray, or Grey Abbey, a town of Down, Ulfter, 89 miles from Dublin. Graejby, Ciiefliire, near Woodchurch. Grayes Court, Oxfordfhire, NW. of Hen- ley-upon-Thames. Grayejlandi Lincoin- Ihire, near Gunthorp. G R E * Gray's Thur^rock, a towo ofEf- fex, feated on the Thames, oppofite Dart- ford, in Kent. Market c«.i Thurfday. Grayjlotk-Cnjile, Cumb. on the Peterel, W. ot Penrith. Grayfloi, Durham, be- tween Darlington andBifliop- Aukiand. Gray^s-ToTvn, in Tipperary, Muniler. Graythorn, Kent, NW. of Cranbrook. Grey-iFethtrs,'W\\iih\xe, on Marlborough- Downs, are white Itones, of various dimen- ficns, which, at a dilfance, have the ap- pearance of ftraggling (lieep. Grazeivooii- Hill, Surry, near Witley-Park and Hade- mere. Greaneljle, Kent, oppofite to Sheeniefs. Greany, in Limerick, Munfler. * Great abridge, Yorklhire, N. Riding, near Rookby and Bowes. Grembam, Suffex, near Arundel foreft. Great Ijland, in Cork Harbour, Mun- fler. Great Skelig Ijland, off the coaft o£ Kerry, Munfter. Grea'vejtane, Nottinghamfhire, a ham- let of Southwell. Greece, the ancient name of that part of Turkey in Europe, which contains Macedonia, Janna or Tiieffaly, Livadia, the Morea, the Archipeb.go, and Candia. Greecejicr, Northumb. i\. of Otterburn. Green, Suffex, SE. of Michelham Park. Green, Lancaf. between Warrington and Flixton. Green, Northumberl. "NW. of Morpeth. Greenhury, Herts, in Barley parifh. Greencrcft, Durham, near Lan- clielfer. Greenend, Gloucef. in Twining parifh. Greenfield, Line. NW. ofAlford. Greenfield, Oxfordf. in Watlington parifh. Greenfield C a file, Monm. S. of Newport. Greeiijord, Middl. 2 miles S. of Harrow- on-the-Hill. Green, Great and Little, Gloucefferf. in Knibley Park. Grecnhall, Lancaf. NE. of Garitang. Greenharn, Ecfrkfhire, near Newbury. Greenkau^h, Northumb. NE. of Grelnftede, Green- haugb, Lane, near Garlfang. Greenhill^ Middl. between Harrow and the Weald. Greenbiih, Kent, in Swanfcomb parifh. Greenkitbclj, Nortiiumb, NW. of Mor- peth. Greenhoim, Weftmorland, a mount near LangdaJe. Greenhonu, Yorkfhire, N. Riding, in Cleveland. Greea Ijland, Dorfet/hire, in Pool Harbour. Green Ifiand, in Donaghadee Harbour j and Green-lf.and^ in Carlingford Bayj boti"' in Down, Ulfter. Greenland, a country, including fo:ne iflands fituated betwtc-a the Strait's of Davis and Frobifher, and Spitftjergen. Tiie northern limits are unknown. We(t Greenlan.i feems to be theinoft N. eafterly part of America. Eall Gieenland lies in a high latitude, N, of the continent of Eu. R 2 I '•!'?! ORE rope, as does alfo Spit/hergcn, which is fomttiincs comjucheiidcd iirnlti tiif gene- ral name ot GiccnUuJ. The feas on the cc.ft are annually vlfitid by a rrrcnt niun- bcr of fl-iips cf the Engilfii aritl oiher Eu- ropean nations. f"oi- tiic piuiioie of firtiing fo|- whales. The molt fmithtily point of InnH in W. GvecnlanJ, is Cnpe p'arewell, at the entrance of Davis' S, raits, in lat. 59. 3S. N. and in ion. 4^. 45. W. The Grecniandtrs a-e ftiangcrs to trade, arts, and Icien^cs. The original inhabitants, on the fiiif arrival of the Norwe£;ia:is, in 10Z3, were favagcs, apparently of Ameri- can extraction. Since the middle of the laft century, the Danes have fettled feveral colonies along the coaft, ;\nd at prefent claim tliC fovereignty of the country. Tiiere is a coinpany clfahliflied at Copen- hagen, which fends 3 or 4 (liips every year to Greenland. The animals :;rc deer, bears, foxes, wild fowls j and, in the wa- ter, whales and feals. Greenland, Bucks, in Hambledon pa- rifh. Greenlaw, the county-town of Ber- wickfliire, 17 miles WSW. of Berwick. Greenlcighton, Northumberland, NW. of Morpeth. Greenlovj-BriJge, Dtrby- ihire, in the Kigh Peak. * Greenock, a fea port town in the coimty of Renfrew, -at the mouth of the Clyde. It has a confiderable foreign trade, and a fhare in the herring-fifncry. The town has incieafed prodigioufly within the laft 30 vears, and is ftill rapidly improv- ing. Here is a fugar hotile, and a rope and fail manufadory. It is 18 miks W. of Glafgow. Lat. 55. 54. N. Ion. 4. 39. W. Greenogh, in Cork, Munfter. Green s- Norton, Northamp'onfhire, near Towcelfcr. Greenped. EllVx, near Chip- ping-Ongar. Greci'lled, Nurthumb. near Dale-Caitle. Grcenjlreet, Kent, near Sit- tingbomn. Greenjireei, Kent, SE. of Daitford. Grre.'-firect, Middl. between Kent ifli- Town ana Highgate. Creenjlrcet, Middletcx, S. of Waltijam-Crofs. Green- jireet, EfTex, near Ham. Green~varc. So- merletl'. near jVItndip lead-mines. Green- ivay. Devonfhiie, between Dartmouth and Torbay. Grecniv.ry- Court, Kent, E. of Hollingbcurn. GREENWICH, a town in Kent, five miles E. of London. It is principaiiy not- ed font's magnificent hoi'pital for decayed feamen, it's beautiful park, and alfrono- mical obfervarory. This laft is fituated on the lummit of Fla:nftead-Hill, from the meridian of which the Englifu reckon tlicir Icneitudj. G R I Greenivoodlry, Yorkf. NW. of H ilifax. Greet, Shropfhirc, SE. of Ludlow. Greet, Glouceftcrlliire, in Winchcombe parifh. Grcetham, Rutlandfhire, near Cortelmore. Greeton, (jloucef. in Winchcombe parifli. Greetivell, one mile from Lincoln. Gree- tyate, Sx-A^'. S. of Bradley. Gregorjtoke, Somerl". NfC. of North Curry. Greinton, Somerf. N. of Sedgcmore. Grench, Kent, E. of Gillingham. Greiidon, Waiw. SE. of Polefworth. GreiiJon ?>lfl,op''i and IVcrren, Hercf. W. of Brou.yaro. Gren- don-Under-iJuocd, Bucks, S. of Edgecor. Grendron. or Givendron, Cornw. W. of Piniyn. Grencly . Siiifex, W. or Pevenfey. Grenerig, Yorkll N.Riding, in Cleveland. Grenno, Lancafli. NW. of Kirkham, in Amoundernefs. Grenoble, a large and populous city in the dept. of liirre. Befoie the rei'oUi- tion, it was the capital of Dauphiny, the lee of a bilhop, and the leat of a parlia- menr. The leather and gloves made here are highly eftcemed. It is feated on the river Ifere, and is 2S5 n-.iles SE. of Paris. Lat. 4-y, Kent,' over the Stour, NE. of Fordwich. Gro've-Hill Warw. near Halfeler. Gro've- hurj}, Kent, in Hawkhurft parifli. Gro-ve- ley, W'lts, NW. ut S.ilifbury. Gro'veley, Woic. N. or Brciiil'grove. Gro-ve-Park, Warwick!", in Budbrook parift). Gro-ve- Phce, Hampfliire, near Rumfey. Gro've- Plnce, Kent, in Staple parifh. GroHjes, Effex, nc?r Ockenden. Gron:efend, or Cro'venln^ Glouc.ncar Alverton. Gro^v- moiid-Abbej, Yorkf. SW. of Whitby. Groyke, a river of Galicia, in Spain, ■which falls into the Bay of Bilcay, at Corunna. Grubenhagen, acaftle, now in ruins, v.'hich gives name to a principality of Lower Saxony, fubjcft to Hanover. In the mountains are mines of filver, iron, copper, and lead. Tlie Hartz foreft is a chain of mountains covered with trees, which are Ibir.c remains of the ancient Heicvmaii Foiell. Eimbeck is the ca- pital. Qrubthorp, Yorkshire, n^ar Ripj-on. G U A Gruckfei.dt, a town of Carinthia. Gru?nlinld, Glouc. SE. of Tiiornbury. Grltndi:, a town ot Biuniwick. Gruningen, a town of Halbcrftadt, Lower Saxony. Gruningek, a town and bailiwick of SwilTei land, in the canton of Zurich. Gruyeres, a town and bailiwick of P'ribiirg, Swifferland, celtbratcd for it's cheefe. Grjley, Wore, on the Severn, oppofite to Omberfley. Grymfcct, Northamp. NW, of Towcelter. Grymjjon, Nott. on the river Idle, NW. of the Markhams. Gryndon, Noithamptonf. near Wellingr borough. Grynfiiil, ShropC. between Had^ nail and Wem. Grytvjorth, Northamp, 3 miles from Bracklty. Guacocinga, a town of TIafcala, Mexico. Guadalajara, or Guadalaxara, a town of Spain, in New CalUle, Guadalajara, the capital of a rich and fcitik province of the fame name, in Mexico, 200 miles NW. of the city of Mexico. Lat. 21. 20. N. Ion. 104. 49. W. GuADALAViAR,a river of Spain, which runs into the Mediterranean, near Valentia. GuADALOUPE, a river of Arragon, which falls into the Ebro, at Cafpe; alfo a river and town of Spanifli Ellremadura. GuADALOUPE, one ot the Leeward- Iflands, in ihe W. Indies, lying between Antigua and Dominica, in lat. 16.20.N. Ion. 6i. o. W. and fubieft to the French. It is about 250 miles in circumference, and is divided into two parts by a channel, in one place 4. miles over, and navigalle only for canoes, called Riviere Sale. By this ftrait, the fea on the NW. communi- cates witii that on the SE. The NW. part is divided into Baffeterre and Cabef- terre. The SE. part is named Grande- tcrre ; it does not, however, contain more land than the former, but it's (hape is more irregular. The foil is exceedingly good, and every where well watered, elpecially in Cahellerre. On the top ot a veiy lotty mountain, is a volcano, called La Souf- friere, the two mouths of which open into a pit of fulphur. The negroes get brim- Itone Itfere, which they afterwards purify and fell. The vegetables, fruits, and trees, are much the fame as in the other iflands, except the cinnamon- tree, balfam of capivi, ami the milk-ftirub, which yields a baifamic liquor like milk. The bees here are without ftings ; their honey ne- ver hardens, but is always of the confilt- ence ot oil. In 1775, the exports were 188,386 quintals of fugar, 63,029 of cof- fee, 143S of indigo, 1024 of cacao, and 5'93 G U A 5133 of cotton, befides hides, and other articles, and witiiout including the baiter with Martinico, and other inlands. In J 759, Guadaloupe was taken by the Eng- lifh, but rcftored at (he peace of 1763. GuADAL<5UiVER, a large river of Spain, which rifes in New Caftile, and empties itfeif into the Atlantic, 18 miles NW. of Cadiz. Gu/iDARAMA, a river of New Callilej alfo a town celebrated for it'scheele. GuADiANA, a large river which riles jn New Caihle, and croffing Spaniflr Eltre- niadura, and partly leparating Andalulia from Alentejo, falls into the Atlantic, at Ayamonte. GuADix, a town of Spain, in Granada. GuALDO, a town of Ancona, Italy. Guam, the chief of the Ladronelflands, in the Eartern Indian Sea, about 90 miles in circumference. Tins illand is fertile, with a number of good harbours, and jinall fre/h water rivc-rs. It is lubjcft to the Spaniards, but the inhabitants are inoftly natives of the country. Their number is elHmated at 30,000. Thty are fkiltui at boat-building, but are fubjcCl to a kind of leproiy, though the air is whole- fome, and the ifland abounds with excel- lent fruit. The Spaniards have a town htre, the houies of which are built with ftont, and defended by two forts and a garnfon. Lat. 13. 25. N. !on. 14.5, 15. E. GUAMAN'GA, a town and province of Ptru, with an univerfry, wnich enjoys a great revenue, for the iludy of philofophy, divinity, and law. It is 200 miles SE. of Jyima. GuANANHANi, one of the Bahama Iflands, now called Cat liland. GuANUCO, a town and diftrift of Peru. GuANCAVELiCA, 3 town and country of Peru, famous tor mines of quickfilver, GUARDAFUI, a cape of Africa, at the NE. extrciiiity of Adtl, and the entrance of the Straits of Bab-rlmandel. Lat. ii. 46. N. Ion. 50. 18. E. GUARDA, a town of Bei(^. GuARDiA, a town of Galicia, at the mouth of the Minlio' river; alfo a town of Alava; and a town of New Caftile; all in Spain j and a town of Calabria Cltra, Naples. Guardia-Alferes, a town of Mo- life, Naples. Guardamar, a fea-port of Valencia, GtTARMA, a fea-port of Santa, Peru. Guajh, or IVadeland. See Wajh. Guastalla, a town of Mantua. GuASTO, in Abiuzzo Citra, Naples. GuATiMAl-A, the audience ol, in Mexico, is about 400 miles in length, G U E and, in fome place*, 100 in breadth. It contains ix provinces, A ch;iin of moun- tains runs acrofs it, many of wliich are volcanoes, and it is fubje^t to earthquakes and ftorms. It is, however, w ry fertile, and produces corn, cattle, chocolate, co- chineal, cotton, and the bed indigo in the Sprmifli dominions. GuATiMALA, a province of Mexico, in tlie audience of the fame name. GuATiMALA, a town of Mexico, capi- tal ot the province and audience of the lame name, with an univerfity. It was deftroyed by an earthquake in 1751, and agnin in 1773, when 8000 families in- ftantly perilhed. The city, however, has been rebuilt en a fpot about 24 miles dif- tant from the forme)-. The audience is compofed of a governor, prefidence, and counfellors. Lat. 14.2 8. N. ion. 92. 40. W. GuAXACA, a province of Mexico, ex- tending from the gulf ot that name to the S. Sea, about 240 miJee in length, and 120 in breadth. It prothices wheat, In- dian corn, callia, cochineal, and mulberry- trees, and contains mines of gold, filver, and cryftal. Here are 150 Indian towns, befides 300 villages, and upwards of 150,000 natives. It's capital, GuAXACA, contaiiis about 2000 inha- bitants, who make fine fwcetmeats and chocolate, and are reckoned wealthy. It has fevera! rich convents, and is 90 mik-s nearly S. of Vera Cruz. Lat. 17. 45. K. Ion. 97. 40. W. Guayaquil, a bay, harbour, and town of Peru, capital ot an audience of the fame name. It is divided by a ftrcain into two parts, called the Old and the New, joined by a bridge, i'or toot pallcn- gers, half a mile long. It is 140 miles SSW. of Qinto, and 150 NE. of Paita. Lat. 2. II. S. ion. 79. 59. W. GuAYRA, a fea-port ot Teira-Firma, on the Caraccas coail. Guhhins, Devonf. near Brent Torr and Lidford. Gubbins, or Gabions, Herts, near Stapleford. GuBE."^, a town of Lufatia, 22 miles S. of Frankfort on the Oder. GuElO, a town of Uibino, Italy. Gud':y, Line. NW. of Hoincaftlt. Gud- re'vie-ljle, Cornwall, off St. Ives' Bay. Guedall, a river in MontgomeryOiirt. GuELDERLAND, inciudiug ^utphen, a province of the Dutch United States, bounded on the N. by Ovcryfll-1 and the Zuyder See; on the E. by the biflioprick ot Munfter, and the duchy of Cleves ; on the S. by Cleves and Dutcli Brabant ; and on the W. by the Zuydcr Zee, Utrecht, »ud Holiaad. Before the late iaval.on by the C U I the French, Guelderland fent 19 deputies to the States General, Nimegiieii is the capital. GuELDRts, a town of the duchy of Giicldeil.Ji)d, with a confiderHble dilliid, fubjc£l to Priiflii. In 1794. it was taken by the French. Lat. 51. 34.. N. Ion. 6. z8. E. GuF-RANDE, a town in the dept. of Lower Loire, which carries on a confider- able trade in white fait It is 3 miles from tlie lea, and 31 W. of Nantes. GuERET, a town in thedept. of Creufe, feated on the river Creufe, 35 miles NL. of Limoges, and 170 S. oi Paris. Guernsey, an ifland in the Englifh Channel, near the coaft of France, about 30 miles in circumference. It has been held by the Englifh fince the time of the Norman conqiiclt. The natives fpeik French, this ifland having been formerly a part of Normandy, and being ftill go- verned by the old Norman laws. The air is healthy, and the foil more rich and fer- tile than that of Jerfey. There is a good harbour, and, on the S. fide of the illand, a bay capable of receiving large vcffcls. Tliey are AifScicntly fupplied with corn and cattle, for their own ufe and that of the (hips; and wines and cider are cheap and plentiful. The inhabitants have a confiderable trade to Newfoundland and the Mediterranean. The convention ot the eftates confifts of a governor, coroners, jurats, clergy, and conftable. Port St. Pierre is the principal town. Lat. 49. 30. N. Ion. ^. 56. W. Guejiling, Suliex, GuETA, a town of New Caftile. Guiana, an extcnfive country of S. America, on the coall of the Atlantic, lying between the river Oroonoko and Orcllana. It is iioo miles in length, and from 300 to 600 in breadth. The French poflefs one part of the coalf, and tlie Dutch another. Dutch Guiana contains the fet- tlements of Surinam, Berbice, IlVequibo, andDemerary ; all which take their names from different rivers. French Guiana goes by tlu; name of Equinoiilial France, or Cayenne, from the ifland fo called, and extends from the river Marawina NW. to the river Oyapoco SE. The internal parts of the country are inhabited by diiferent tribes of Indians, fome of whom make their houfcs on trees, to be i'ecurc irom the inundations of the rivers. Sugar, cot- ton, filk, tobacco, Erafil wood, aloes, na- tural balfam, oranges, and citrons nradc into fweetmeats or otherwife, arc articles of commerce in this country. It lies be- tween 1 and S degrees of N. bt. G U I GuiENNE, a ci-devant province of France, very fruitful, and producing great quantities of wine. It was about 160 miles in length, and 85 in breadth, hav- ing Bourdeaux for it's capital. Cuilejhorouphf Northam. near Naftby. *GuiLFORD, a town of Surry, on the great road from London to Portl'mouth. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, on the river Wey, which is navieable to the Thames. It is 17 miles SW. of King- fton, and 30 SVV. of London. Lat. 51. 16. N, Ion. o. 30. W. Market (chiefly for corn) on Sntuiday. Cuilfofii, E. Suficx, near Rye Hjrbour. GuiLLAiN, St. S.e Ghil..n. GuxLLESTREE, a town in thedept. of the Upper Alp;, 9 miles NNW. of Em- bnm. GuilfJon, Warw. near Colefhill. GuiMARAENS, a town of Entre Du- ero e Minho, 27 miles NNE. cf Oporto. GuiNCAMP, a town in the dept. of the North Coalf, 258 miles W. of Paris. Guinea, acountry of Africa, of which little is known, except the coalt, thence called the Coall of Guinea. It is divided into the Lower and the Upper. The Low- er part is commonly called Congo. The Upper comprehends the diflrids of Sierra Leone; the Grain Coaft, or Malagueta; the Tooth Coaft; the Gold Coalt; the Slave Coalf ; and Benin. It is unhealthy for Europeans, though the natives live to a confiderable age. The latter in general go a'moft naked, and are faid to be an in- nocent, inotfenfive, and hofpitable people, except fuch as have been corrupted by the Europeai;s. Thcfe have faflories on the coalt, and promote feuds, frauds, and ci- vil wars among the natives, by every means of fedutSlion, kidnapping, and co- ercion, that they may get the prifoners to carry off as flaves. Two or three Euro- pean fettlements are at length formed in Guinea, under the governments of Great Britain and Denmark, for the purpoie of carrying on an honeli and advantageous trade with the natives, and for promoting their civilization. The productions of this country are tlie variety of rich tropi- cal fruits, gums, hard woods, gram, gold, ivory, wax, Sec. Guinea, New, a long, narrow, ifland of the S. Pacific Ocean, N. of New Hoi- land, from whicli it is feparated by En- deavour dtrait. This firair is 10 leagues long, and about 5 broad, except at the NE. entrance, where it is contracted by a group of iflands, called the Prince of Wales's Iflands. This ifland extends 'rom near the equator to liu-.g. S. lat. GUN and f'om 131 to 153 deg. E. Ion. The land is in general low, and covered with an aftonifliing luxuriance of wood and herbage. Moft of the trees, (hriibs, and plants, that are common in the S. Sea Ulands, are found here in the greateft per- feiStion. The inhabitants rcfeinble the New Hollanders. GuiPUSCOA, a country in the NE. part ot Bil'cay, extending about 25 miles. From N. to S, and from 15 to 20 from E. to W. The piincipal towns are Tolofa, St. Sebaftian, and Fontarabia. Guise, a fmall town in the dcpt. of Ailhe, feated on the river Oiie, 15 miles NE. of St. Quintin, and 95 NE. of Paris. GuiSDEN. See F0XFOK.D. Guiting. GuitingPo-zucr, or Louver Guit- i»g, and Guiting 'Temple, or Upper Guiting, Gloucefterf. 6 or 7 miles NW. ot Stuw. Gulrock, Cornw. in the Tea, at the Land's End. Gulval, Cornwall, at the bottom of Mount's Bay. Gule, Lough, a lake in Antrim, Ulfter. Gumbledon. Wilts, NE. of tlie Wintcr- borns. Gumley, Leictl. NW. of Harbo- roiigh. Gunijhall, Suiry, between Abinger and Saint Nlartlia's Chapel. Guwjiod, Gloucel". in Woolafton parifti. Gunihy, Lincolnlhire, near N. and S. Witlvam. Cunl'y, Lincolnfliire, NE. of Spiilby. GuNUELFiNGEN, a town of Suabia } and a town of Newburg, Bavaria. Gunfeld, Dorletfhire, between Blandford and Cranbourn Chace. Gunfleet, Effex, S. oi Har .-ich. Gunhajkin, Cornw. SW. of CoKinih Magna. Gunnarron.v, Heref. NE. of Monmouth. Gunnarton, North- umb. NW. of Swinborn Cadle. Giin- 7ierjhury, Middl. between Acton and Old Brcntiord, a villa, which has all the grace and boldnefs of it's architect, the great Inigo Jones. Gunny, Line, near Trent, oppofite to Axholin ifle. Gunjion, Staff. S. of Brewood. Guntborp, Norfolk, near Walfingham. Guvihorp, Northamp. near Peterborough. Guntborp, Rutland!", near Okeham. Guntborp, Lmc. on the Trent, in the Ifle of Axhoim, Gujithorp, Nott. near tlie Trent, in Ludham parifh. Gun- thzvaite Hall, York/hire, near Barneflty. Gunton, Norfolk, near Norwich. Guntcn, Suffolk, N. of LowlfofT. GuNTOOR, one ot the northern circars, in the penml'ula of Hindooftan. It is alfo called Mortinazagar and Condavir, and occupies the fpace between Condapilla, the I'outhernmoft of tlie Englifh circars, (from which it is divided by the liver Kiltnalj) and the N. part of fhe Carnatic ; extending about 40 miles along the coaft Qi the Bay of Bengal, The fea-coaft is G W E flat, but the interior part contains fcveral fortreffes and great towns. It was for- merly fubjtft to the nizam of the Dtccan, bur has been ceded lately to tlie Engliih. GirNTSBERG, in Burgau, Suabia. GuNT/.EXHAUSEN, a town of An- fpach, Franconia, leated on the i-iver Alt- mul. Gunnvallo, Cornwall, N. of the Lizard Point. Gunnvarby, N. and S. Lincoln- fhire, near Grantham. 'Guppy, Dorfet- fhire, in the parifli of Wottoii Fitzpain. GuRCi:, a town and river of Carinthia. Gurlyn, Cornwall, SE. of M irkct Jew, Gurran, Cdrnwall, between Trcgony and the fea coail. GuJJage, St. Micbad, Guf- frrge Middle, GuJJhge Dinant, or Gtijjhge Bohun, Gujfnge All Saints, Higher and Upper GuJJage, Dorfctf. near Cianborn, Gujlon. Kenii near the S. Foreland. GusTROw, a town of Mecklenburgh. Gutheridge, Heref. near Dean Forefl. Guydon, Warwickihire, near Chad/hunt, Guydore Ri'ver, in Donrgal. UKter. GuzHRAT, a country ot Hindoortan, about 170 miles long, and 120 broad, niolfly in a peninfula formed by the Gulfs ot Cambay and Cutch, and the Indian Ocean. The weftern parts are mountain- ous and woody, inhabited by a hardy race, and governed by rajahs of their cwn. But the largelt and finelt part of it is divided beiween two of the Poonah Mahratta chiefs, the Paifhwa and Ful'iy Sniy; Gwi- cuar. Great part of this country was con- quered by the Englifh, under General Goddard, but rellored to the Mahrattas, foon after the war with Hyder Ally. Amedabad is the capital. GvvALiOR, a ffrong town of Hindoo- ftan, in the circar of Gohud. It ftands on a rock, the fides of which are lb ftecp, as to appear nearly perptiuiicular j for, where it was not naturally io, u has been cut away. The height, from the plain below, is from 200 to 300 feet, and the only entrance is by fltps running up the fide of the rock. Tiie rampart conforms totheedgeof theprecipiceall round. This fortrcis was taken in Augulf, 1780, by Major Popham, by an unexpefled noctur- nal el'calade. Gwalior is 65 miles S. of Agra. G'wallon Do^wns, Cornw. heathy moun- tains near Trewardrcth-Bay. Gxva>ia, a river in Pemb. Gtvarneu Ucpa, Monni. NW. of Tredegar. Gvick parini. HaLlen Hi\:,h, Kent, NE. of Ttntciden. HaLDENSTEin, a free and independent barony of the Giifons, near Coire. It confilts of a linall lemicircular plain, whicli lies bet'vi-trn the Rhine and the foot of Mount Calendar, aooiit 5 miles in length, and I'carcely i in hrca ith 5 and cccuples alfo part of the moinitain. It contains only a villages, Haidcnltcin and Sewils. The whole n-in^ber of inlubitants docs not exceed 4.00. HaUini^hivn, Line. NE. of Sloaford. Haldon Hitl, Dvonf. near the Ken and Exminlter, Hde, or Halle, a river of Cornwall. Hale, Middl. between Hack- ney-Ferry and Tottenham Higii-Crois. //ii/e, Cnmbcrland, near Egremunt . Hale, Cornwall, N. of Salt.i(h. HaU. Lane, on the Merfey, SE. of Liveip^ol. Hale, Hams, near Fordingbridge. Hale, Norf. xitar Cranwich. //«.Wo«, Ndithuuib. near Kirklieaton. Haledon HilL Northumb. W. of Berwick. Hale End, 'Ei^fx., near Woodford. Hale Etui, Surry, NW. of Woking. Hale Houfe, Surry, near Oke- wood. Hale-Houfe, Upper and Lo^er, MiiMlefex.in Hcmlon paiifli. Halen. in tlie late Aulhian Brabant. i/«frj,GuHiceli:ei(l!irc,nearWinchcomb and Teddington. Hales, Norfolk, NE. of Lnddon. Hales, Statiordfhire, near Brewo'jd. H'iles Cote, N. of Shrew (bury. Heile's Hall, StafFo.dOiire near Cheadle, Hales Owen, a town of Shrop/hire, infulated in Worcefterfiiire and Staffcrd- fliire, 6 miles E. ot Siourhiidge. Market on Monday. Halesworth, a town of Suffolk, which has a manufaftory of linen yarn and Tail cloth. A great deal of hemp is railed about the town. It is 10 miles W. of Southwold, and 101 NE. of London. Market on Tuefday. Hde-ivell, Northumb. NW. of Tin- mouth. Hale^^veod: Lane, on the Merl'ey, S. of Prcfcot. Hal/coat, Staff, near Stour- bridge. Hal/drunken Do-- ns, Cornwall, NE.°)} Cameltcrd. Haljkide, Herts, N. of Ware. Halfhide, Staff, in Ch.ebley parilh. Halford, or Haivford, Warw. near Edgehili. Halganjer Moor, Cornw. near B idmln, noted tor it's yearly carnival. Halfhi:ay Houfe, in Sligo, Connaughi. Halibut Island, in th- N. Paciiic C:ean, fo named by Captain Cook in 1778, on account of the number ot fifh ol that name they caught heie ; fome of which weighed upward of a hundred pounds, and none lei's than twenty. It is 7 leagues in circumference, and very low and barren. Lat. 54. zj. N. kn, 163.. o, W, HAL Halicz, a town and diftri£t of Lem- burg, Poland, now included in Galicia. Halifax, the principal tuwn and feat of government of Nova Scotia, a pcnin.ul» of Acadia, leated on Chebudto Jiay, in a healthful country, bV.t fu':je6l to tog*. Jt has a commodious hiirbour, affording Shelter to the largeft fiee;s, and an excel- lent naval yard for rep.iiring ftiips of war. The town is defended by an intienchment and forts of timber. Lat. 44.. 4.5. N. ion. 63. 30. W. * Halifax, a populous town of York- fliire, feated on a branch of the river Cal- der, rendered navigable to the Air and Oufe. The principal manufactures arc flialloons, tammies, duroys, keri'eys, baizes, &c. The Piece Hail is in the form of an oblong frjuare, occupying io,oco fquare yards, and containing 315 dilfin6f rooms for the lodgment of goods. The parifli is 16 miles long, and from 6 to S broad, the vicar of which is juftice of peace, as vicar. The adjoining hills difplay on their brows, and often to their fummits, marks of agri- culture and manufadfures. It is 40 miles SW. of York, and 197 NNW. of Lon- don. Lai, 53. 45. N. ion. i. 45. W. Market on Thurfday. Halif:g, Surry, near Croydon. Halk- njuill, Kent, SE. of Tunbridge. Hall, Devonfhire, S. of B'^irnftable. Hall, Hie of Wight, in E. Medina. Hall, Cjinwall^ on Fowey Harbour, oppofire to the town. Hall, Devonfhire, near Bifhop's Tawton. HaU -Bam, Bucks, near Bcaconsfield. Hallams, NE. of Dsiby. Hallaud, Suf- lex, NE. of Lewes. Halla.nd, a province of Sweden, be- tween Weftro Gothland and Scania, ex- tending 60 miles along the S VV. coaif, but not above 16 in breadth. Halnifladt is the capital. Hallaton, a poor town of Leictfter- fliire, feated in a rich foil, j2 miles SE. of Leiccfter. Market on Thv.rfday. //a//<7/J«, Waiwickfhire, near Lower Whit (cre. Halldo^iun-Houfe, Devonfhire, 6 miles iivm Exeter. Halle, in t!ie late Auffrlan Hainault. Halle, a large town of Magdeburg, Lowe; Saxony, with a famous univerfity and lalt works. Halle, an imperial town of Suabia ; a town of R".vcnfburg, Wtftphalia j and a town in the Tyrolefe. Hallein, a town of Saitzburg, Bava- ria, ieated on the river Saltza, among the mov.ntains, wherein are fait fprings. Hallen. Gloucefterfhire, in Henbury pa- rifh. HaU End, Warwickfliire, between Whatlcy and Polefwortii. I Haller, HAL . Haller, in the late Auftrlan Brabant. HaUerton, Devonfliire, near Tiverton. Hall-Haffey, near Slirewfbury. Hal/ifieU, Efltx, between Walthani Abbey and Na- ming. Hallington, Leicef. SW. of Louth. Hailing, Kent, near the Medway, oppolite Woldham. Hallhigtott, Staff, near Row- ley. HnlUjhne, Northumb. near Harbot- tie. Halloiv. z miles from Worcdtcr. Hailozves, YorkC. W. of Bradford. Hall- Place, Siury: in Godaimiii parifn. Hall- Place, Suivy, near Thorp and Chertley. Hall's Mill, in Down, Uilter. Hallwe/ion, Huntingdonfhire, near St. Ncot's. Hallnvin, Coriuvail, between Sr. Brcuck's and Padltow. Halmley, Here- fordshire, E. of Stevenage. Halmstadt, a fea-port of Sweden, capital of the province ot Halland. Lat. 56. 39. N. Ion. 12. 48. E. Halmj}ead, Kent, SE. of Cranbrook. Halmjlon, Devon/hire, near the Taw river and Coddon Hill. Halnnby, Yorkf. near Richmond. Halaeck, Sullcx, near Chi- chelter. Halpton, Devonf. in Uffcolumb parifh. Halfall, Lancafhire, W. of Ormf- kirk. Halfej, SomerfcLfhire, near Taun- ton. Halfey-Priors, Sonierfetfhire, near Bifhop's Lediard. Haljbam, Yorklhire, in Holdernefs, E. of He:idon. ♦Halsteah, a town of Effex, 16 miles N. of Chelmsford, and 4.7 NE. of London. Market on Friday. Haljlead, Kent, between Cray and Se- venoke. Haljled, Kent, between Farn- borough and Otford. Halfted, Leicefter- ihire, E. of Billfon. Haljhck, Darletlbire, a miles NE. of Corfcomb. Hrlfton, Shrop- /hire, NE. of Ofweftry. Hai/loi.v, Kent, N. of Sittingbourn. HalJJo^^v, High , Kent, between Cliffe and Stoke. Haltemprife, Yorkfhire, near Hull. Halteren, a town of Munfter, Weft- phalia, feated on the rivtr Lippe. Halion, Shropfhire, between Ryton and Babins Wood. Halton^ Sonierfetlhire, near Cheriton and Wiucanton. Halton, Lincolnfliire, near Spilfby. Halton, So- merfeifhire, on the W. fide of Sedgemoor. Halton, or Haulton, a town of Chefhire, which ftands loftily on a hill. It is a miles NE. of Frodfham, and 186 from London. Market on Saturday. Halton, neai" Lancafter. Halton, E. and W. Yorkf. W. Riding, near Settle. Halton, Northumb. near the Pift s-Wall, below Portgatc. Halion-Chejlers, North- umb. between Rutchelter and Walwick Chefters. Halton- Park, Lane. S. of Bol- ton. Halton- Sheles, Northumberland, on the Pias-Wali, N. of Corbridge. HaL7 WHISTLE, a town of Northum- H A M berland, 37 miles W. of Newcaftle, and 315 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Hal Van, crCHAULAN, a town of Fez. Hal-juell, Devonfliire, between Modhury and Dartmouth. Hahvortb, Yorkftiire, N. of Halifax. Ham, a town in the dept. of Somme, feated on tiie river Somme, 10 miles N. of Noyon, and 48 NNE. of Paris. Hatn, a village in Surry, between Peter- fliam and Kinglton, the houfes of which furround a pleafant common. It is a ham- let to Kinglton, and is 11 miles WSW. of London. Ham, If-'c/l, Elfex, 8 miles E. by N. of London. 'Ham, Eajl, Effex, 5 miles E. by N. of London. Ham, Cornw N. of Stratton. Hai;i, Dorietf. near Gillingham. Ham, Donetfliire, near Pool. Ham, Gloucel'. near Cheltenham. Ha7n, Herefordf. near Rofs. Ham, Kent, SW. of Sandwich. Ham, Kent, NE. of Appledore. Ham, Surry, SE, of Ryegate- Hamy Worccfterf. near Clifton. Hamj Wilts, S, of Hungerford. Plam Courts Surry, near Weybridge. Ham Court, Worcefterfliire, near Upton-upon-Severn. Ham Hall, Warwickfliiire, near ColefhiiJ. Hamah, a large town of Syria, feated on the river Afli, formerly called Orontes. It is the refidence of the fcheik, with the title of Emir. A manufa6ture of linens is carried on here. It is 68 miles SSW. of Aleppo. Hamamet, a town and bay of Tunis, Hamar, in Aggerhuys, Norway. Hamherne Hall, Northumb. S, of Hex- ham. Hamberzvith, Staff. SW. of Lich- field. Hamhle, a river in Hants. Ham- ble Ha-ven, Hants, in Southampton Wa- ter. Hambledon, Hants, E. of Bifhop's Waliham. Hambledon, Bucks, near Henley-upon-Thamcs. Hambledon Hillf Dorietf. at one end of Cranbourn Chafe, whence there is an extenfive view of the Vale of Blackmore. Hambleton, Yorkf. W. Riding, SW. of Selby. Hambkion, Lancafhire, SW. of Garitang. Hambrook, Gloucef. in the parifh of Wiriterbourn. Hamburg, an imperial city of Lower Saxony, with a territory belonging to it, in which are feveral large villages and fine feats. The ftreets are many of them fpa- cious : and the houfes, whicn are high and built of brick, make a grand appearance. It is very populous, and is feated partly on illands in the river Elbe, and partly on the continent. On the IJde of Holllein is the Alltcr, which, before it enters the town by llulces, forms a fine baiin, that is not equalled in Germany. The principal Itreets of tiic Old Town have icng and broad If A M hrond canals, fornnrtl l>y the Ellie, which ' :iio regularly filled by the tuics. The walks lotinJ tlie rami)jrrs are lofty, and planted with trees. The inhabiiams carry oil a i;reHt trade witii the differtiit Euro- pean nations ; they have Ceveral vtfTels in tlie Greenland wliaie tifhery, and there are not lefs than 200 ftiips at a time belonging to f'orei;^n merchants at anchor before the city. The magiltracy is compol'cd of + burgher- malters, + (yndics, 2^ aldermen, and + fecretaries. Lnthcranifm is ihc cf- tablilheJ religion. The principal manu- factures are tliol'e ot lugar refinery, gold thread Velvet, and ribbons. It is 55 miles NE. ot Bremen. Lat. 53. 34.. N. luji. g. 55. E. HamdfHy Gnat and L'litle, Bucks, near Wendover. Hamden Hill, Somerietfliire, iJE. of S. Petherton. Hame, Hants, near Amiover. Hamilburgh, a town of Fulda, cir- cle of Upper Rhine. Hamehion, Lcicefterfhire, near Barkby. HameUon, Suriy, between Chiddingtord and Godalinin. Hamel, Great, Deiby- fhire, in the Hie;h-Peak. Hameringhcm, Lincolnfliire, SE. of Horncaflle. Hameln, in Calenherg, Lower Saxony. Hamerton, Hunt. N W. of Buckworth. Hamerton Greeny Yorkf. E. ot Knarefbo- rough. Hamrfzuell, Gloucef. near Balh. Hamfallonjj, Glouceiterf. near Berkley. Hamfield Hall, Lancal. NE. of Cartmel. Hu!>!ford, Dcvonfliire, near Adiwatcr. *JHamilton., a town of Lanerkfliire, iituated on the Clyde, 10 miles SE. of CJlalgow. Near it is Hamilton Houfe, the magnificent feat of the duke of Ha- milton. Hamilton" s Bnijon, in Arinagh, Ulfter. Handiyton, Ha7>:bledon, or Hamelton, Rutlandlhirc, near Normanton. Hamm, the capital of Mark, Weft- ph.ilia. Hammels, Herts, N. of Pnckeridge. Hammer E>uL Staff. S. of Audley. Ham- 7r.tr Green, Herts, S. of Datchworth. Hasimerfmitk, a large village of Middle- fex, 4 miles VV^ of London, is a hamlet belonging to Fulham. Hamnjerstein, a fortrtfs of Treves, upon the Rhine, oppohtc Coblentz. Hamon, Dorietl. near Srurminfter. Ha- mond Park, near Shrewfbury. Hammond Stieet, Herts, SW. of Wormleybury. Ha.mont, or Hel.mont, a town of Lirge. Uamose Creek, or Hamoaze, De- Vjiiihirc, near Plymoutbj a creek or bay I't Plymouth Suund, being the wellern brur.ch, or main ftream of ibe river vsluch H A M falls into it. It forms a de'»p and fafe harbour for the Britifti navy, capable of containing near a hundred velltls, and it is alio much reibrted to as a rosd l)y mer- chant fliips boimd to the E. when th-jy wait for a wind. The men of war lie for the moft pait in 3 tiers ; the n.iddle is appointed to three-dtckcd fhips, tha' on the W. ficie to (liips of lefs foice, and that on the E. fide to frigates. Hamfall, Yorkf. KW. of D -ncafter. Harrpden Common, Gl ^ucellerf. Hampcn, Glouctf. a hamlet in rhe parifli of Snipton OlifF. Hampnety Gloucef. nearNorthleach. Hampnet, Sufil-x, E. of Chichelter. Ham- prejlon, Do; letfhire, near Winborne. Hampshire, Hants, or South- ampton, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Dorfetflilre and Wilts, on the N. by Berks, on the E. by Siiiry and Suffcx, and on the S. by ihe Englifti Chan- nel. It extends, exciulively of the Ifie of Wight, 42 miles from N. to S. and 38 from E. to W, It is divided into 39 hundreds, and contains 1 city, 20 market towns, and 253 parifhes. It is one of the molt fertile counties in England. The air, in the higher parts, is clear and pure; toward the lea it is mild and inclined to moifture. It's produ6ls are the fineff corn and hops, cattle, flieep, wool, excellent bacon, honey, and timber. For the laft it has been particularly famous, on account of it's great woods, of v/hich the principal are the New Forefl, and the Forelt of Eaft Bere. The principal rivers are the Avon, the Teft or Tele, the Itchen, and the Stour. Hampshire, New, one of the United States of Noi th America, and one of the four divifions of New England. It is bounded on the W. and NW. by the Hate of Vermont, on the N. by Canada, on the NE. by the province of Main, on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the S. by Mnfiachufets. It extends about 150 miles from N. to S. and from 10 to 70 in breadth, and is divided into the counties of Rock- ingham, Straftoid, Hilfborough, Chefhire, and Grafton. The land near the fea is generally low, but advancing into the country, it riles into hills. The air is ferene and healthful ; the weather not io fubjeiSl to variation as in fouthern climes ; yet in fummer, the heat is great, but of (hort duration, and in winter this country is intenfely cold. Ti)e capital is Portl- mouth. Hampjlead, a village of Middlefcx, 4 miles NNW. of London. It is llated oa the declivity of a hill, on the top of which is a fine heath, affording an ex:enfive pro- ipeft HAN fpeSl of the metropolis, and all the adja- cent country. HampjleaJ- May/hall, Berks, near Newbury. Hampjiead, a imall vil- lage, S. of Glouceftcr. Hanipfleds, Sr^ff. on the N. Mq of Tame, opponte Firric. Hampton, a fei port of New Hamp- shire, and a town of Virginia. *HAMPTON-MiNCHiNG,alargeJ)arifli in Gloucerterlhire, 3 miles from Tctbury, which has 12 hamiets belonging to it. Market on Tuefday. Hampton, a town of Middltfex, fa- mous for a royal palace called H impton Court, the buildings, gardens, and parks of which are 4. miles in circumference. It is feated on the N. fide of the Thames, 14. miles SW. of London. Hampton, Chcfhire, N. of Malpas. Hampton, GlouceC. in Minfterworth pa- rifh. Hampton, Kent, E. of Swale Cliff. Hampton, Somcrf. NE. of B.itii. Hamp- ton-upen- Alton, Warw. E. of Stratford. Hampton BiJJwps, 2 miles from Hereford. Hampton Court, Herefordf. 5 miles SE. of Leominfter. Hampton Curleiv, Warw. a hamlet of Badbrokc. Hampton-inAr- den, Warw. NE, of Solihull. Hampton, Gay, Oxf. near Woodltock. Hampton, High, Devonf. near Hatherley. Hamp- ton Leijel, Worcefterlh. near Droitwich. Hampton, Magna and Parva, WorceC. SW. of Evefham. Hampton Merke, Gioucefterf. near Fdirford. Hampton, Ne- ther, Wilts, NW. of Salifbury. Hamp- ton Poyle, 5 miles from Oxford. Hamp- ton, Short, Oxfordf. NW. of Charlbury. Hampton Tur-vHle, Wilts, NV/. of Crick- lade. Hampton IVelch, Shropf. near E!- lefinere. Hampton IVjck, at tiie foot of the bridge of Kinglton-upon- Thames. Hams, E. and W. Berks, in Wantage pa- rifli. Hamfey, Suflcx, near Lewes. Ham- Jill Bridge, Suflex, between Stoneland Park and Waterdown Forelt. Hamfied, Eaji, Berks, near Okingham. Hamjled Nor- ris, Berks, near Compton, Ha7n(iede, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina, Hamjlell, Staffordftiiie, N. of Lichfield. Hamfler- ieigh, Durham, between Bedborn Park and Whitton Caltle. Hamfion, Wilts. Ham-jlreet, Kent. Ham-iuorthy, Dorfet- fhire, W. of Pool. Hamivortby, 5 miles NE. of Lincoln. Hanau, capital of Hanau Munzen- burg, circle of Upper Rhine. The coun- ty is 45 miles in length, and 1 5 in breadth ; it*s fwl is one of the moft fertile in Ger- many. The town has fonie manufa6lures, and a great trade in timber, iron, meal, and corn brought down the Maine. It is divided into the Old and the New Town, snd is feated on the K.itwig> where it joins HAN the Maine. It is 8 miles E, of Frankfort. La!-. JO. 3. N. Inn. 8. 4.5. E. Hanhoroiigh, Oxfordl. near Woodftock. Hanborough , Long, Oxfordf. near Rollrich iioni:.%, Han'.'ridge, Lane, between Burn- ley and Townley. Hanbury Hill, Wor- Cff. betwcirn Fakenham and Droitwich. Handate A'ohej, Yorkf. E. of Giftorough. Hanbridge, near Chelfer. Handhury^ Staftordl. E. of Pagets Bromley. Handl>j Hall, Line. 2 miles from Folkingham. Hand.hurJj, S-afFoi-df. W. of Trentham. Handcrofs, SuiiVx, E. of Leonard's ForeR. Har.dfajl Point, Dorfetf. by Stu'Iand Bay, is a hi2;h promontory. Handley, Cht/h. SW. of Ecefton Caftle. Handley, Lane, near BlackWurn. Handley Green, Staff, near Trent, E. of Newcaltlr-under-Line. Handf&ker, S aff. W. of King's Brom- lev. HandfnMOr'h, S;aft'. W. of Tame. Haneker, Snlf. NE. of Chichefter. Han^ ford, Chtfh. NW. of Macclesfield. Han- ford, Dorletf. NW. of Blandford, 2 miles from Durv^'tfton. Hanford, and Hanfcrd Loiver, Midril. W. ot Sunbury. Hanford^ Staff, near the conflux of the Trent and Tyne. Hanger Hill, Middl. N. of the roail from A cf Manjfield, Hardivick, Oxf. be- H A R tween Feneot and Mixburyi Hard-vickt Oxf. NW. of Reading. Hardzvick, Oxf. W. of Stanton Hircouit. Hardivick, Rntl. near Empingham. Hardwick, Shrop- fhire, NE of Bifhdp'S Caftle. Hardzvick, Shropf. SW. of EUermere* Hardvjick, Stalfordf. in Sandon parifh. Hardivick^ Yorkfhire, a foreft adjoining to Halifax. Hardzvick, Yorkf". near Pontefraft. Hard- nvick Priors, near Warv\ick. Harehy^ Nott. near Broadham Priory. Hareby^ near Lincoln; Harecajlle, S'aff. the Great Trunk, or Stafford fliire C^nal, paffes un- der ground here for a mile and a half, Harefield, Middl. between Uxbridge and Rickmanfworth. tiarefieil, Glouccf. N» of Briftol. Harehaugh, Northumberland, between Yardop and Bickerton. Hare- lafw, Northumberland. N W.of Niwcaflle. Hareridge H dl, Cumbciland, NW. of Grayftock Caflle. *Haresbury, Hatchbury, or Heytsbury, Wiltfliirc, on the Willyj near Warminfter. Harejcomb, Gloucef. a hamlet in Haref- field paridi. Harefcomb, Gloucef. near Painfwick; Haresfieli, Gloucef. 5 miles W. of Stroud. Haresfisld, Little, Gloucef. in Standifli parifli. Harefgate, Kent, be- tween Spelherft and Tunbridge- Wells^ Harejha'vo Linn, Northumberland, near Wark and Bellingham, is a fine waterlill. Harejlon, Dorfetfhire, on a river that runs into Sandwich Bay. Harejlreei, EfTex, near Rumford. Harejireet, Herts, be- tween Puckeridge and Barkway. Har'ef- 'well, Yorkf. E. Riding, SW. of Wigh- ton. Hnre'wood, Bedfordf. near Turvey, Harfleur, a tov.'n in the department of the Lower Seine, at the mouth of the river Seine, 36 miles N W. of Rouen, and 5 E. of Havre-de-Grace. Lat. 49. 30. N* Ion. o. 19. E. Harford, a river of Yorkf. which runs into the Darwent at Wickum Abbey^ Harford, Devonf. 10 miles from Plymouth, Harford, and Harford Lower, Gloucef. in Naunton parifli. Harford Bridge, Hants* near Hartley Row. Harford, Eajl, Not- thumb, near Stunnington. Hargafi, He- refordCi near Kyneicn. Hargratg, Sufia SW. of Bury. Hargra'ue, Dorfetf. NE. of Sturminfter. Hargra S » 4 mik» H A R a miles from Grantham. Harle, Little and If^ejl, Northumlinl. near Kirk Haile. IIarlebeck, in Fhinders county. Hakliu H, a town ot Mci lonetlifliire, feated on a rock on ihc Tea (liorc It is but a poor |^)l.ig:on, Cumberland, near Carlifle. Har- ringi*n, Lincolnfliire, near Altbrd. Har- rington, Worcefterihire, N. of Evefliam. Harrington, Cumberland, a fea-port between Workington and Wtiitehaven, being 4 miles from the former, and 6 from the latter port. It's principal bufi- nel's arifes from the colliers and fhip- buildlng. Harris. See Lewis. *Harristown, a fmall town of KiU dare, Leinller, 18 miles SW. of Dublin. Harrock Hall, Lane, between Siandifh and Bifpham. Harrcld, near Bedford. Harrold Eivias, Heref. at the conflux of the Munny and Doi-e. Harrold^ s-Park, Eflcx, W. of Epping. Harraton, Duriiam, on the Wear, W. of Sunderland. Har- ro-LvMdge, Devonfhire, SE. of Taviftock. Harro~u;gate, Yorkfliire, in the parifh of Knarefborough, remarkable for it's mine- ral waters, which are vitriolic and fulphu- reovis. Bathing is the moft general mode of ufing them ; and they are often iuccefs- ful in dropfical, fcorbutic, and gouty cafes. HarroTV Hill, Wore, a miles from Evc- Iham, Htirrgivonlkc-Hill, Middl. a vil- lage H A R lage fituated on the higheft liili in the coun- ty, lo miles WNW. of London. Har- ro'w-fVeaU, Middlelex, at the foot oi" Har- row-Hill. Harjlngftde, Northumb. SVV. of Hexham. Harjion, Lelcef. S. of Bel- voir-CalHe. Harfluden, Noitlunnb. near Harlow. Harthorne, Northumb. SW. of Morpeth. Harthorn, Weft, Durham, NE. ot Darlington. Hartbury, M W. of Glou- celler. Hartclack-Bridge, Somerrctfliire, between Wells and Glaltonbury. Harte, Durliam, near the coaft, NW". of Hartle- pool. Harierton, Northumberland, NVV. of Morpeth. HarUft, Suffolk, N. of Box- ted. Hartey, Kent, in the Ille of Sheppcy. Hartfield, Sullex, SE. of E. GriiUlead. Hartford, a flourifhing, commercial town, in the ftateof Conntfticut, feated on the W. fide of the river of that name, about 50 miles from it's entrance into the Sound. It is divided by a fmall river, with high romantic banks ; over this river is a bridge, conne6ling the two divifions ot the town, which is 69 miles V/bW. of Bofton. Lar. 41. 52. N. Ion. yz. 30. W. //^r//or^,Clieniire, NW.of Northwich. Hariford,Yo\ki. N. Riding, near Ravenf- vvorth Caftle. Hartford, near Hunting- don. Hartham, Wiits, between Cofhain and Slaughtcrford... Harthilly C'hel". SW. of Peckfoiton. Harthill, Yorklhire, near Holdernefs, Harthilt, Yorkfliiie, near Workfop, in J^Jottmghamlhiie. Harting, Suffcx, near Midhuilt. Harting- Fordburyt I mile from Hertford. Hartington, Der- byfliire, NW. of Wirklworth. Hartland, a town in Devon/irire, feated on the Briftol Channel, near , a pro- montory called Hartland Point, 28. miles W. ot Barnltaple, and ziS Vv^ by S. of London. Market on Saturday. HartUbury, near Worcelter. Hartle- hury, 4 miles from Gloucefler. Hartlepool, a fca-port of the coun- ty of Durham, feated on a promontory, partly furrounded by rocks and hilif, an.d partly by the fea. It is a pretty large place, vT/ith a fate harbour, buc it's market is much decayed. It is 16 miles SE, of Durham, and 254 N. by W. of London. Lar. 54. 44. N. Ion. i. 4. W. Market on Saturday. Hartley, a river in Northumb. running into S. Tyne, at Fethcntonchaugh. Hart- ley, Kent, SW. of Cobham. Hartley, Northumb. on the coalt, N. of Tinmoutn. Here are lalt, copperas, and glal's works carried on ; and here is a pretty haven, or harbour, to which a canal has been cut, through a folid rock, 51 feet deep, 30 broad, and 900 long. Hartley, Hants, near Selborn. Hartlg, Dorfetf, in Grtat H A R Mintern parilh. HartUy Caftle, Weftm* near Kirkby S'even. HartUj-Hall, Derb* in the High Peak. Hartley Ro^taj Hants» 9 miles from Bagfhot. Hartley U'qfpilly Hants, NW. of Hartley Row. Hartlipt Kent, near Sittingboum. Hartmcre* 'Siirry, in Godalmin parifh. Hartmoret Wilts, near Devizes. Harton, Devonf. near Hartiand. Harton, Durham, S. of Shields. Harton, Shropf. NW. of Did- dlefbuiy. Harton, Yorkl. N. Riding, near Fiaxton. Harton, Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, in Craven. Hartpury, 4 miles NW. ot Gloucelte/. Hartro-Houfe, Somerl'etf. between Bridgevvatcr and Dulverton. Harts-HiU, Warw. between Nuneaton and Atherlton. Hartjhead, Yorkf. E. of Ha- lifax. Hartftiolm, near Lincoln. Hart- ftiop, Weltm. near D--pedalc. Hartftiornf Deib. N. uf Afliby-de la-Zouch. .Hart, ftde, Northumb. VV. of Branton. Hay-t- 'luell, Bucks, near Aylefbury. Ho't^ell, Northamp. W. of Oulney. Harty Jftey Kent, at the corner ol Siieppey lile, oppo- fite Feverlhain. Har^-vard, Middl. near Shepperton, in Sunbury parifli. Harum, Yorkf. N. Riding, between Helmlley and R^dal. Harnjjardale, Yorkf. in Whit- by -Strand. Harwell, Berks, near E. Hendred. Harixiell, Nott. near B^ntree. Har-zvep; Noriliumberi. NE. of Branton. r * Harwich, a fea-port of Elicx, leated on a point of land, oppofite to the uniteii moutlis of the Stour and Orwi.ll. It is not very large, but is well inhabited and tiequented, and here the packet-boats are (taiiuned that go to Holland, in time of . peace. It has a very I'pacicus iiarbour, •extending from the. fea to within 2 miles of jpfwich, and able to receive ftiips ol^ iGo guns all the way : here is alio a very good dockyard, wich the necellary Itore- houles, cranes, launches, &c. The walh- ing and undermining "t the tides, and the tailing oif large pieces of clilf, have made the point a peiuniula, and, perhaps, may in time make it an iiland. Xiie Iiarbour is defended by Landguaiil Fort, built on a fandy pant on the Suitolk fide of the v/ater, and other ilrong wurks. It is ja miles NE. ot London. Lat. 52. o. N. Ion. 1. 25. E. Har'Uji h-Chapel, Lancaf. near Bolton. Hutnjuood. Bueka, N. of Window. Har- njoood, Heiefordl.W. ot Rofs. Harxuood, Heits, W. of Watford. Hor-Mood, Lane. S. of Clithero. Har~MOod, Great and Little, Lancdl. N. of filackboin. Har^ 'u;ood, Yorkf. NE. of Leeds. Huriuood- Dale, Yorkf. near Sc^iboioogn. Har- ivood-Grange,'Dtih. SVV. ef Chelterfield. Har'wood-Shitlds, Noithunib. N, of tha S 3 Tyne, H A S Tyne, near RitUam-Hope. Hamuortb, Notf. on the borders ot Yorkf. near '1"ick- hill Cafile. H.ijcomb, Sur.y, SE. of Guci- almin. Hafebadge, Derh. in the High Peak. Hafeloiiry, Wilts, between Bath and Chippenh im. H''>fekr, Staff, near Lichfield. Hafeley, EiVcx, 2 miles from Maiden. Haftlcy, Ifle of Wipjit, in E. Medina. Haj'tliy, Great and Little, Oxf. near Cuddefdtn. Haj'cieyy'Wi\w. between Birdbrookand Wioxliail. Hafeley, Vorkf. W. Riding, S. of Paticy-Biidge. Hafct- auer, S;aff. N. of ';pamwcrth. Hafetton, Glouc. NVV. of N. Learh. Hnsfuld, 6 miles, N. of Glouceder. llafilheare., Dor- fetf. W. of Blandford, Ha/ilbeure, So- merfetC. jitar N. Parrct. Hafngro've, Somerfetf. near S. Barrow. Hajketon, Suffolk, ne;ir Woodbridge. Hafledeny Glouce'.krfhire, in Kodmarton panih. *Haslemere, 3 I'mall, but ancient town of Surry, 12 miles SW. of Guilford, and 42 SW. of London. Market on Tuelday. Hafteion, Gloucefterf. near N. Leach. llajh^Mood; 4! niilcs from Derby. Hajle- itjood, Suffolk, N. of Aldborough. Hap- "xood, Yorkftiiie, W. Riding, NW. of Aberforth. Haslinden, a town of Lane. 14. miles N. by W. of Manchefter, and 196 NNW. of London, Market on Wednefday. Hajlingjield, on the Cam, 5 miles from Cambridge. Hafiingham, E. of Norwich. Hnjlington, Cht/h. 3 miles from Sandbach. Hafo/i, Northumb.S. of Alnwick. Hajfal, Cbel.nearHaflingfon and Sandbach. Haf- fclhech.. N'>rthair.p. near Nafeby. HaJj'eL bury Brian, Dorfctf. near Sturminlter. Eaffeler, Warw. E. of Alceftcr. Hasselt, in Qveiyffel, on the Vecht. IIasselt, a town of Lisge. ■ Hajobury, Eflfex, near Stanfted Mount- fichets. Hajfof, Derb. in the High Peak. Hojercojnb, Somerf. neav3ifliop% Lediard. Hajluigbury, or Hallingbury, Great, called alio Morky, and Hujlin^'ury, or Helling, htiry. Little, called ;:Uo Hajlingbury Nevil, and Bouihier, or Bo^^jer, EflVx, 3 inilts from Bilhojs Stortford. Hajlingleigh, Kent, NE. of Afliford. •Hastings, afeaport of SufTex, feat- ed between higli clrfi., or liills, or a fmall Itrcam called (he Houine, which divides it into two different parifhes. The chief employment of the people is fJhing. It is 34 "I'les SW. of Ryt, and 64 SE. of Londci:. Markets on Wtdnelday and Satuiday. Haf^uiU, Scmerf. 2 miles from Bildge- *vaie!, Hi,fr-j.ell, Great -r.d Little, NE. ofDurhar:;. Hatcb, Bedloidi. 2\W. of H A T Bigglefwade. Hatch, Devonfliire, in S. Moulton parifh. Hatch, Kent, W. of Canterbury. H^tch, IVejl, Somerletf. near Caftle-Cary. Hatcham^ Surry, be- tween Ne-viuetun Butts ;ind Deptford. Hatch End. Midiilelex, between Pinner- Green and Sf^nriore. Hatchland, Dor- fetfhire, near Nctherby. Hatckland, Sur- ly, 4 miles from Guilford. *Hatfiei.d, a town of Herts, feated on the river Lea, \m \ on the great North road, 20 miles NNW. of London. Mar- ket on Thurlday. Hatfield ^Foodball, Herts, is a fubordi- nate manor of Hatfi-;ld, Hatfjeld Bp.oad Oak, or Hat- field Regis, a r.-vn or Eflex, 50 milts ENE. of London. Market on S-iturday. Hatfield Pe'ver^l. Eir-x, near With^m. Hatfield, H ref. F. of Leominlter. Hat- field, and the Chr.fe, Yorkf. 4 .uiles ironri Doncafter. Hatfield IVoodhoufe, Yoikf. z miles from Haificld. Hatfield, Great and Little, Yorkf. in Kolderneis. Hatjord^ Berks, E. of Farringdon. Hathc- Line. NE. of Grantham. Hatherden, Hams, NW. of Andover. Hatherker, Yorkf. NW. of Ripncn. Haiberland, Devonf. N. of Tiverton. Hatherley, a town of Devonf. on a branch of the river Towridge, near it's confluence wjtli the O.ck. It is 26 miles NW. of Exeter, and 201 W. by S. of London. Market on Tueluay. Hatherley Dozva, 1 miles from Glou. celltfi. Hathern. L^\c. I*JW. ot Lough- borough. Hatherop Glouc. 7 miles tronj N. Leach. Hatherfedge, Dcrbyi. in the High Peak. Hatbertori. Chef, near Web- beiibury. Hatheavate, Cumb. N. of Long- town. Hathrington, Northumhei!. near Walk. Hr.tley-Coikajne, and Hatley, Port, or Parz'a, Bcdforiii. NE. or Porton. Hatley St. Gecrg:, o\ Great Hat ley, Camb. NE. of Hatle-. -Cockayne. Hat^ty, Eafi, and HiVley Hongry Camb. near Gamling- hay, 13 miles tiom Cambridge. HatOKf Cumberland, in the jarifti of Afpatnck. Hatten, in Dutch Guelderland, on the Yffei. Hatterel Msantains, in Wales, on the borders ot Monn'.otiihf. anil Brecknockf. Hattingen, in Mark, Weltphalia. Hation, Chei'. N. of Grimlditch. Hat- Ion, Chef. W. oi Huxlcv. Hation, Derb, SW. of Sutfon. Hatten, Kent, SE. of A/hford, Hctton.. Line. SE. of Market- Raifm. Hatton, Middl. in the par.fh of E. Bcdfont. Hatten. Shropf. NE. of A^on-Scott. Hatten, Shropl". SE. of Shefnal. Hatten, Ccld, Shropf. E. of EveKii. Hatttn, High, Shropf". between Hodnet II A V Hodnet and Stanton. Hattonupon-Ai'ont Waiw. //«//5«, Yorkf.SE.ofPocklington, Hatvany, ill Hungary, 20 miles NE. of Bud a. Hav^annah, a fea.port of the ifland of Cuba, on Hie NW. part of it, oppolite Flo- rida. The harbour is capable of contain- ing commodiouOy 1000 veflcls, without ei- ther cable or anciior. The entrance to it is by a nanow. channel, ftronely fortified with plailorins, works, and artillery, for l)alf a mile, the length of the pafTage. On file E. tide of the month of the channel is More Fort, mounted with 4.0 pieces of can- non, rthnoft level with the water; and en the oppolite fide 'i (trong fort, called the Pun- tal, adjoining to the town. All the (hips that come iu>ni'the Spanifli American fet- tlements, rendezvous here on their return to Spain. In 1700, the town was com- puted to contain 16,000 inhabitants, Spa- iiiarrls, iTuilattoes, and negroes ; a number which inuti: have been confiderably increaf- ed lince. The hoiifes are elegant, built of flone, and fome of them fuperbly finifh- ed J and the public buildings are rich and magnificent. Provifions here are extrava- gantly dear ; neither is their frefh meat of the beft kinds, excepting their pork. This inconvenience is not owing to any defeat in the foil of the irtand, but to the indo- lence of the Spaniards. In 1762, the Havannah was taken by an Englifh fqua- dron and army, under Sir G. Pocock and Lord Albemaile. The Moro Fort was taken by (form, after a fiege of 49 days. Twelve men ot war and three frigates were taken at the fame time with the town. It was restored by the peace of 1763. Lat. ?-3. 12. N. Ion. 82. 13. W. I *Havant, a town of Hants, 7 miles NE. of Portfmouth, and 64. W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. • Hauderhy, Yorkf. between MarHi Land and Burton Stather. Ha'veland, or Hal- land, yuffex, NE. ot Lewes and Laugluon. Havelberg, a town of Pfcgnitz, Bran- denburg. Huven-Points, Dorfetf. 1 mile SE. of Pool, bounding the harbour. Haven, Upper, Wilts, near Everley. Haiier- brack, Weftniorland, in Betham panfh, near Dallam-Tower Garden. •Haverfordwest, a town of Pem- brokef. leated on a creek of Mdford Ha- ven, over which there is a ftone britlge. It is a large, han.lfome place; has feveral velfels belonging to it, and the aifizes are held here. It is 15 miles S. by E. of St. David's, and 239 W. by N. of London. Mai kets on Tuesday and Satuiday. Hii'Vcr^uUf Norfolk, W. of Yarmoutli. H A W Haw, nearthe Hurlcis. Haye- Ccjlle, Cumbcri. near More/by. Hayes^ Dtvonf. near Biidleigh. Hayes, Glouccf. in the parilh of Awrc. Hayej, Kent, near Bicmley. Hajes, Middl. iz miles from London, N. of the road to Uxbridge. Hayes- Arundels, Dcvonflme, an ifland in rile manor ot Cowicke, between the river Ex, and the village Lahegen. Hayes- Flayers, Devonl. in Ex Ifl^nd. Hayham, Lincoln!, near Burwcll, Hayha7n-P otter y Norf. E. of Hickling. Haylis, Gloucef. 3 miles N. of Winchcomb. Hayley, Siatf. near Birmingham. Hayley- Wood, Glouc. near Circncelter. Hayling-IJJe,H^nts,E. ot Portlinouth. H.,y, Little, StafFordthire, S. ot Lichfield. Haylkham, a tov^n of SutTcx, n miles E. ot Lewes, and 58 SE. ot London. Market en Saturday. HaylJJiOt, Sulfex, E, of Cocking, Hayne^ Devonf. in Stofoid pailtli. Haync, Dcvonf. in the paridi of Newton St. C'. re. Hayne- byth, Yorkf. W, Riding, NE. of Scttje. Huyneford, ,s miles from Norwich. Hayn- lon, Devonf. near Huifli. Haytiton, High, Devon!, near Black Torrington. Hay~ Park, Yoi kl". near Kriartfborough. Hays, Deib. near Wirklworth. Hayejiy, Line. NW. of Fokingham, Hayjirop, Yorkf. E. Riding, between Kilham dnd the ocean, H lyton, Cumberl. near Farlam and Cattle Cairok. //fl)7o«, Kent, near Hy the. Hay~ tan, Nott. to the W. of N. and S. Wheat- ley, Hayton, Shropf. NW. of Ludlow. Haytcn, Sulfex, between Terring and the coait. Hayton-Hallf Yorkf. near Pock- lington. H E A Hngton. Hayward Bridge y Dorfetf. near Child Ocktoid. Hay^woodt S. ot Hereford. Headl>orfi-H^orthj,h.-dms, near Winchefter. Headford, a town ot Galway, Con- naught, 12 miles N. ot Galway, and 103 W. of Dublin. Headingleji, Yorkf. a hamlet of Leeds. Headley, Noi thuiT!bi.-rl. SE. ot Hexham. HeaJlcy-Halt, Yorkfliire, E. Riding, near Bramham Moor. Headnejlon, Dcrbytliire, SE. ot Adioorn. Head of Elk, a town in Maryland, fituatcd near the iiead otthe Bay oi Chela- peak, on a imail river that bears the name of the town. The inhabitants derive great advantages from the carrying trade between Baltimore and Philadelphia. Headon, York/hire, in Holdernefs, an ancient town, leatcd on a river that falls in- to the Humber. It was formerly conlider- able in merchants and shipping, but it's harbour is now nearly choked up. It is 14. milei E. of Hull, and i8z N. of London. Market on Saturday. .• Headon, Northumb.S. of Pi^s^ Wall, and E. 01 Rutchelter. Headon, Nott. SE. ot Retford. Heage f Jitrhyi. inDuffirld. pirilh. Heaie, Dcvoni. in Meth parifh. Healy, Northumb. S. ofTyne, near Sle- ley. Healy, Yorkf. N. Riding, W. of Ma/him. Henley, Yorkil near Sheffield. Healigh, Yoikl. nearWetherby. Health- Hill, Northumb. i mile from Newcaltle. Hear, a town ot Afia, in Tonquin. HsanUH'Sach'vile-, Cornwall, near Pad- ftow. Heapbam, Line. SE. of Gainfbo- rough. Heath, '^tdf. near Leighton-Buz- zard. Heath, Derbyf. between Mansfield and Chellerheld. Heath, Giouc. in Wd\- erleigh parifh. Heath, Hants, SW. of Chrilichurch. Heath, Oxf. on the N. fide ot the Oufe, a little before it's entrance inro Nonhaniptonflnre. Heath, Shropf. W. of Brown-Clee-Hill. Heath, Warw. near Hill-Wotion, Heath, Yorkf. near Wakefield. Heathcote, Derbyf. NW. of Wiikfwonh. Hea:h, Eajl, Middl. be- tween A6ton and Great Eaiing. Heathen- cote, Northamp. S. of Towceiter. Heath- End, Kent, between Charing and Alhford. Uealh-End, Middl. near Helton. Heath- Houfe, Hants, S. of Petersfieid. Heathen- Heath, Kent, in Erith parifh. Heather, Leic. SE. of Afhby-de-la-Zouch. Heath- Farm, Snropt. in Stottefden parifli. Heath- Hill, Staff. N. of Sheriff-Hales. Heath- field, Derbyf. in the Peak, near Chapel- Frith. Heathfield, Suffex, near Burwafli- Downs. Heatborp, Oxturdl. 2 miles from Chipping-Norton. Heath-Roiv, Middl. rear Helton and Hounflow-Hcath. Hea~ (on, Lancaf. Nt of Manchcltcrt Heaton, H E D SW. of Lancafter. Heaton, Northumb. nearNewcaflle. Heaton, Northumb. near the mouth of the Tyll. Heaton. Staff, on the borders ot Chefiiire. Heuton, Yorki. near Bradford. Hebborn, Durham, -W. ot Snields. Hebborn, Northumbcrl. N. of Mcrpeth. Hebden, a river in Yorklhire, running into the Calder, near Midley. Hhbrides, or Western Islands OF ScoiLAKD. Theieiilanos lie betwfeen the 55th and 59th degrees of N. lat. on the W. coalt ot Scotland, and are fuppof- ed to be about 300 in number. The prin- cipal of them are Skye, St. Kilda, Lewis and H irris, N. and S. Uilt, Caiinay, Statfa, Mui., Jura, Iilay, 6ic. which lee. Hebrides, New, a group of iflan-Js in tne S. Pacific Ocean, fituated betweeu the latitudes ot 14. 29. and 20. 4. .S. and between the longitudes of 166. 41. and 170,21. E. .The principal i(l»nds are Tierra del Efpirito Snnto and Maiicollo, befidfes leveral others of leis note, I'ome of which are from iS to %.^. leagues in cir- cumference. In general they are high and mountainous, abounding' with wood anci water, and the ul'ual produftions of the tropical iflands. Thf bread-fruit, cocoa- nuts, and plantains, are neither 10 good nor lb plentiful here as at Otaheite ; but the lugar canes and yams are not only iit greater plenty, but of fuperior quality, and much larger, fome of tiie latter weighing 56 pounds. The inhabitants are generally of a (lender make, ijind dark colour, and molt of them have frizzled hair. Then:, . canoes and houfes are but fmail, and poor- ly conftrufted: and they have Icarcely any nianufa- :agfo)t, Durlumi, N.of Dirlington. Hf.gow, a territory of Suabia, border- ing on the Lake of Conltance. Heighington, SE. of Lincoln. Heigh- Tiigton, Worcelterfliire, near Wire-Forclt. HiiJDELBERG, a confiderable and po- pulous town of Germany, capital ot the Palatinate, Lower Rhine, with a celebrat- ed univtrfity. It Hands on the S. fide of fUe N.;ckar, over which there is a hand- ibmebridge/ in a fertile country, is miles E. of Spire. Lat.49. 26. N. Ion. 8. 4.8. E. Heidenheim, in Anfpach, Francouia. Heila, a town of Weftern Pruffia. Heilegen-Have, a lea-port of Hol- ftein, Lower Saxony, featedon the Baltic. Heiley, StafFordfhirc, in Betley parifh. Heiligenstadt, a townof fiichsfeld. Lower Rhine. HekiiigtoHy Line. E. of Sleaford. He- lagh, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Conifable- Bnrton. Helathyrnet Yorkf. near Hull. Heldrof, Wiltfhrie, near Ramfbury. Helena, St. an ifland in the S. At- lantic Ocean, held by the Engiifh Ealt- Irtdia Company. It's circumference is a{K)ut 20 miles, and it baa the appearance, at a di(lance> of a rock, or caftle, riling cut of the ocean, being only acceiTible at one par.'icular ipot, where the town is erecftd, in a valley, at the bottom of a bay, bet^^■een two fteep, dreary mountains. The buildings, both public and private, are plain, but neat. It has fome high moun- tains, parti«ularly one called Diana's Peak, which is covered with woods to the very top. There are other hills alio, which bear evident marks of a volcanic origin ; and fome haVe huge rocks of lava, .and a kutd of half vitrified flags. The country, li<;wever, is far from being barren : the little hills are covered with rich verdure, and interfperled with fertile valleys, which contain gardens, orchards, and various plantations. The valleys are watered by rivulets, and the mountains, in the centre ot the illaiid, are covered with wood. The foil, which covers the rocks and moun- tains, is, in getieral, a rich mould, horn fix to ten incites deep, clothed v. iih a va- lifty of plants and Ihrubs. Tiie walks of peach-trees are loaded with truit, whieh have a peculiarly rich flavour ; but the ©ilier European fruit-trees and viucs, wlucii H E t hdv* been planted here, do not fucceed. Cabbages, and other greens, thrive ex- tremely well, but are devoured by the ca- terpillars j as are the barky, and other kinds of grain, by the rats, which are very numerous. The ground, for tlw-ie realons, is laid out chiefly in pafturcs, the verdure of which is furprifing ; and the idand can fupport 5000 head ot their fmall caftle. Th'.y have Englifti (lieep here, and a fmail breed of horlies, witii goats and rabbits. Their fowls are ring phea- fanfs, red-legged partridges, rice birds, pigeons, ^c. of fome of which the breed i& indigenaus, but others have been brought from Europe, Africa, and the E. Indies. Tile number of inhabitants on the iflaVid does not exceed 3000, inclu-ho:ife, Somerlctih. 3 miles from Bath. H 'I'Jild. Gioucel'. in Welferleigh parifli. H 'uvick, B^-rks, N. of Newbury. Hen- HER vjood, Warwickfliire, SE. of Solihull. Heplemill, Cornwall, SE, of Lcfkard. H/iPPENHEfM, a town of Mentz ; and a town in tfie palatinate of the Khine ; both in the ciicle of the Lower Riiine. Heppejlote, Northumberland, in Mor» peih manor. Hepple, Northumberland, on the river Coquet, near Rothbury. Hep- fey, a river in BrLcknockfhire. Hcpten- 'jtall, Yorkfhire, NW. of Halifax. Hep. iicortk, Suffolk, SE. of the Fakenham^. Heraclea, an ancient but decayed town of Romania, lituated on the N. coafl oi the Sea ot Marmora. Herat, a town of Chorafan, Perfia. Herault, a department of France, fo • named from a river which crolTcs it from N. to S, nearly in the centre, and falls into the Gulf of Lyons, a little below Agde. The chief town is Monti;fellicr. Herbemont, a town of Luxemburg. HERBORtJ, a town of NafTau Dillcn- • burg, Weltphalia, with a celebrated Pro- teitaot univcrfity, 3, miles SSE. of Dilleii- . burg. . , Herculaneum, an ancient city of Italy, near Naples, totally deffroyed by an eruption of Mount Vefuvius, in the reigii of the Emperor Titus. In the years 16S9 ' and 171 li upon digging in thefe parts, foiiiething 01 this city was dllcovertd. In J 173S frefli attempts were made, and fince ' that tinae a prodigious ^number of monu- ir.ents of exery kind hav« been difcovered, fuch as painiing;>, Ifatues, buitocs, furni- ture, utcuiils, 'rU)n. Hill of Allen, in KlMare, Leinfter. Hillary, C -inwall, E. of Mount'b Bay. Hllihi/hop, SoiTK-rf. NE. ol Wellington. Hillborough, W:irw. E. of Bidtbrd. Hill- tncl, Herts, bW. ol St. Albarf-s. Hillef- den, bE. of Buckingham. Hiilfield, Dor- fctlhirc. S. of the Vale of White-Hart. HilIi»sdoi, Great awA Little, Micidlefex, rear Uxbridgc. Hillington, Norfolk, near Caftle Rifing. Htliington, Worcef. near WhitK.y. Hillom, Yorki. W. Riding, S. of Shcrborn. * Hillsborough, a pleafantly-fitu- ated, and alinoft newly. built town in the county of Down, Ullttr. H.re is a thriv- ing manufafture of muflins. It i^ in view of Bclfalt, Lilbiirn, and Caiiickfergus- Bay. and is 69 miles from Dublin. Hilmarton, Wihfliiie, 6 miles SE. of MalniflDiny. Hilperto/i, Wihffiire, near Trowbridge. Hiljley, Glouc. in the parifli cf Tewkellaury. Hilfton, near Monmouth. HiliOi:, Cornwall, near Langford. Hilton, Derb. NE. of Tutbury CalHe. Hilton, Durham, near Raby-Ccftle. Hilton, Hunt- ingdoniliire, near Fenny-Stanton. Hilton, Little, Middle, and Upper, Lancafh. S. of Bolton. Hilton, Yorklhire, in Cleveland. Hilton, Yorkftiire, in Holdernefs. Hilton, YorkHilre, N. Riding, SW. of Malham. Hilton, Upper and Loiver, Yorklliire, near New Malton. Hilton- Abbey, Staff, near Brewood. Hilton-Cajlie, Durham, by the Wear river, near Monkwen: mouth. Hil- ton Hall, Staff. NE. of Wolverhampton. Himbleton, Wore. SE. of Droitwich, and NE. of Worcelter. Himley, Staff. SW. of Wolverhampton. HiMMALEH, Mount, a vafl: chain of mountains, in Afia, which extends from Cabul, along the N. of Hindooftan, and appears to be the general boundary of Thibet, throvigh the whole extent, from the Ganges to the river Teefta ; inclofmg between it and Hindooftan Proper, a tradt of country tiom 100 to 180 miles in breadth, divided into a number of fmall Ihites, none of which are nnderftood to be tributaries, or feudatories of Thibet j luch as Sirinagur, Napaul, &c. This H I N ridge was known to the ancients by the names of Imaus, and the Indian Caucafus, The natives call it Hinrioo Ko, (the In- dian Mountnins) as well as Himinakh, which iaft is a Sanlirrit word, iignifymg liiowy; it*» iummit being covered with fnow. Hinam, r miles from Gloucefter. Hin- cajlre, Wiftmorland, near Havcrlham, Hincbinghrook, neai Huntingdon. HicHiNBROOK. Island, one of tlrt New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 6 miles in circumference. HiNCKLty, an ancient town of Lei- celieilhire, (landing upon a rifing ground. It was formerly much laiger, as the back lanes between the orchards appear to have been (Ireets. It has a confiderable manu- faftory of (lockings and fine ale. It is 15 miles SW. of Leicefter, and 91 NNW. of London. Market on Monday. Hindnol, Dorfetfhire, W. of W. Mil- ton. Hindcomb, Dorfetfhire, a hamlet of Chidiock. HiNDELOPEN, or HiNLOPEN, a fea- port in W. Friefland, featcd on the Zuy- der Zee. Hinderclay, Suffolk, near Buddefdale. Hinder thtuate, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Rumbaldkirk. Hinderzvell, Yoikfh. N. Riding, on the coaft, W. of Runfwick. Hindlep and Alfreton, a parifli a little NE. of Worceftcr. HiNDON, an ancient town of Wilt- fbire, zo miles neirly W. of Salifbury, and 97 WSW. of London. Market on Thurfday. HiiNDOOsTAN, a celebrated region of Alia, which, in it's moft extenfive Cgni- fication, comprifes all the countries be- tween the mountains of Tartary and Thi- bet on the N. ; the countries of Af- fam, Meckley, Aracan, and the Bay of Bengal on the E. and SE.j the Indian Ocean on the S. ; and the lame ocean and Pel lia on the W. But it may be confider- ed under the three givind divifions of Hin- dooftan Proper, the Deccan, and the Pe- ninfuh. Hindooftan Proper, includes all the countries that lie to the N. of tlie river Nerbudda, and of the foubahs of Bahar and Bengal. The principal foubahs, or provinces, in Hindooftan Proper, are Agi- mete, Agra, Calhmere, Delhi, Guzerat, Lahore, Maiwa, Moultan, Oude, Rohil- cund, Sindy, &c. (for an account of which, fee their refpedive names.) The term D.'ccan, which fignilies the South, has been extended to the whole region that lies to the S. of Hindooftan Proper; but, in it's moft proper and limited fenie, it mtans only the countries fituated between HinJoollan AW/,/, ^i/„,.,./f:,.. /,/^ / //,/l /- 1 , . /■/iii/.lr/l /■III .>;//////v/..-/-'^" 0, . Mamjiv . Im.axj) 7,i'/i,jitut/t' i);)A',i.'/ fioi/i /i^ Lrmir/i 7 .7 • •• \\l,i:.\,,.f:llJ'' nMiniiiiiiii BiiiiiiiimiM- n (. Hindoos TAN «i India. H I N Hlndooftan Proper, the Carnatlc, the Wellern Indian S'sa, and OrifTa; namely, the provinces of Candeifli, Dowlatabad, Viliapour, Golconda, and the weftern part of Berar. All the tradl S. of the Kiltna, is generally calitd the Peninfula. The name India, by which this country, as far as it was known, is dilfinguiftied in the earlieft Greek hiftories, appears to be de- rived from Hind, the name given to. it by the ancient Perfians, through whom the knowledge of the country was tranfniitted to the Gieeks. The word Hindoojian is, indeed, mtirely of Perfian origin, com- pounded of Stan, a regio?i, and Hind, or Hindoo. The whole of Hindooltan may now be faid to confift of fix principal ftates, which hold as tributaries, or feudatories, fome numerous inferior (fates, Thefe fix principal itates are the BritKh ; the Poo- nah Mahrattasj the Behrar Mahrattas ; Nizam Ally, (bubah of the Deccan ; My- fore, or the dominions ot Tippoo Sultan ; and the Sciks. The Bri'ifh potTefTions are Bengal, the greater part of Bahar, part of Allahabad, part of Orilfa, the Northern Circars, a jaghire in the Carnatic, Bara- mahal, Dindigul, and foine conliderable countries to the N. and S. of Calicut, on the coalt ot Malabar, with Bombay, and the Ifland of Salfette. The allies of the Britifli, who may be conlidered as depen- dent on them, are the nabob of Oude ; the nabob of the Caroatic, including Tanjore, Madura, Tinevelly, and Marrawars j the rajahs of Travancorc ; and the territory of Cochin. For the five other principal llates, fee their refpeftive names; and for an ac- count of fome inferior independent ftates, lee BuNDELA, Ballogistan, The Jats, Rohilcund, &c. Exc;ufive of the Europeans, the inhabitants of Hin- dooftan are computed at 10,000,000 Ma- hometans, and 100,000,000 Hindoos. The Mahometans, or Mufiulinans, v/hom the Englilli commonly, but improperly, call Moors, or Moormen, are represented as bearing a very bad charaifei. The Hindoos, or Gcntoos, are of a black com- plexion, their hair long, their perlbn itraight, their limbs neat, their fingers Jong and tapering, and their countenances open and pleafant. They are divided into different tribes or calf s. The tour principal tribes are the bramins, Ibldiers, labourers, and mechanics; and thefe are fubdivided into a multiplicity of inferior diltinif ions. Th«re are bramins of various degrees, who have the care of religion, or of the ad- minllhation of the Gentoo law allotted to them. Thefe pricfts are held facred by the Iijdians or Hindoos. Such of them as H I N are not engaged in worldly purfuits, are an innocent people, promoting charity as much as they can, both toman and brute, but yet very fuperftirious. Some acknow-* ledge that errors have crept Into their re- ligion, and own one Supreme Being; but they laugh at the idolatry of the multi- tude, and infift upon the neceflity of work- ing upon their weaknefiTes, Thofe who engage in the world are generally the worft ot all the Gentoos ; for, perfuaded that the waters of the Ganges will purify thera from their fins, and exempted from the utmoll rigour of the courts of juftice, (under the Gentoo governments) they run into the greatcft exceil'es. The foldiers are comrnonly called Kajah-poots ; that is, defcendants of the rajahs. They readi- ly enter into the fervice of any that will pay them, and follow wherever he leads. The Englifii have many battalions of them in their employ, under the name of Sepoys. The labourers include farmers, and all who cultivate the land. The mechanics include merchants, bankers, and all who follow any trade; thefe again are fubdi- vided into each particular branch. Befides thefe, there are the Parians, or Hallachores, who caimot be called a tribe, being rather the reiufe or ouicaits of the other tribes. They ate a fet of poor unhappy people, who are dcftined to perforin the moft dif- agreeable offices of life, bury the dead, and carry away every thing that is polluted. One defcription of thefe, or rather the outcalfs of thefe outcafts, the Poulichees, on the Malabar coaft, are held in fuch a- boinination, that if one of them happen to touch a Hindoo of a fuperior tribe, the latter does not fcruple to draw his fabre and kill hitii on the fpot ; and for fo atro- cious an aft, he is not even called to an account. All the different trilies are kept diltinft from each other, by infurmount- able barriers ; they are torbidden to in- termarry, to dwell together, to cat with each other, or even to drink out of the fame vclTcl; and if they traiifgrels any of thefe rules, they are obliged Irom that in- (tant to join with the Hallachores. The Hindoos admit no converts, and are molt firmly attached to their own fuperftitions, except the Haliachores, who are, fome of thtm, glail to be adniitteii into any Ibciety where they are .treated as fellow cieatures. The Hindoos \'ie with the Chinei'e, in re- fpeft to the antiquity of'their nation ; and the do.'hine of tranfinigration is one of their diltinguifhing tenets. Their inlti- tutions ot religion form a regularand com- plete fyftem, llrengthened and upheld by every thing which can excite the reverence, T and H I N %nA fecure the attachment of the fuperfti- tious multitude. The temples confccratecl to their deities are magnificent ; their re- ligious ceremonies fpleiulid ; and tlie ablo- lutc dominion which the Bramins have obtained over the minds of the people, is fupported by tlie command of t lie im.iienle revenues, with wliich the liberality of princes, and the zeal of pilgiims and de- votees, have cnilched tlieir piigodas. The dominion of religion extends, indeed, to a thoiifand particulars, which, in other coun- tries, are governed by the civil laws, or by tafte, ciiftom, or fafhjon. Their dreis, theii food, the common intei comics of life, their marriages, and piofeflions, are all under the jurifdiilion of religion. The food of the Hindoos is fimpic, confilling chiefly of rice, ghee, {a kind of imperfeil butter), milk, vegetables, and oriental Ipices. The wairior caft may eat of the fiefli of goats, flieep, and poultry. Other fuperior carts may eat poultry and fifh ; but the inferior cads are prohibited from ctting flefh or fidi of any kind. Their greatest luxury confills in the ufe of the riclu'(t fpiccries and perfumes, of which the great people are very lavifli. They ef- teem milk the pureft of food, becaufe they think it partakes of fome of the properties of the neiiar of their gods, and becaule they eUeem the cow itfelf almoft as a di- vinity. Their manners are gentle. Their happinefs confifts in the folaces of domef- tic life ; and they are taught by their re- ligion, that matrimony is an indifptnlable duty in every man, who does not entirely feparate himfclf from the world, from a principle of devotion. Their religion per- mits them to have feveral wivesj hut they fetdom have more than oiiej and their wives are diitinguirtied by a decency of demeanour, a folicitudc in their families, and a fidelity to their vows, which might feated in a flat, among the dikes, 12 miles S. of Bofton, and 115 N. of London. Market on Thurlday, Holbech'Thurii, Line. SE. of Holbeche, in the marflies. Halbeck, Nottingh. near Cokeney. Holbeck, Yorki. near Leeds, Holborough, Kent, near Hailing. Hol- brook, N. of Drrby. Holbrook, Suffolk, S. of Ipfwich. Holburton Dcvonf. SW. of Medbury. Holbury, H.iutS, in the New T 3 I-wcli* H O I. Forcft. Holdif, Kent, near Canteibmy, HoUohn, Ox<'onir. N. of CJlialgrove. linl- comhy Dcv i.{)iire, neai St. Mary Otteiy. Holcomb^ S mcif. i miles W. of Fro-.ne- Stlwoutl. Hvlcomb-Burncl, Dcvonf. SW. of Exetc)-. ?Inlio;/:b-Rt'ris, Drvonf. NE. of Tivc-iton. Holcot, Bcclf. near Afpley- Guile. H''/cot, Northamp. near Sywell. fioi roft, Line, near Chatmols and Cul- chit. Hol.ienhy, Northamp. near Althorp. HOLDERNCb.s, a divifion of the E. Riding ol Yoikfliire, on the coaff'. It has a very rich loilj-aiid is remarkable for it's large breed of horned cattle and horfes. HoUitih, Devonf. in Ford-Abbey pa- rifh. Holdjbot, Hants, N. of Odiham. HoLDSwORTny, a large town of Ds- vondiiie, leafed between two branches of the Tcmar, 43 miles NW. of Exeter, and ai5 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Ho'dty, Sufiex. Hole, Devonf. near Clo- velly H.n'bour. Ho/e, Devonihire, W. of Afhbnrton. Hole, Great and Little, Line, between Sleaford and Dontiington. Hole- olefnjl, near Ripple. Holford, Chefhire, NE. of Northwich. HcI/o)'d,Cht(h. near Tabley, Holgate, a river in Yoi kfliire. Hoigate, Line, near Spilfby. Holgot, or Ht.lgate Cajile, Shropfliire. Holil>orn, Hants, near Alton. Holkham, Norfolk, a miles from Wells. Hollacomby Devonf. near Houlf- worthy. Hollaniy Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Holland, the molt conliderable oi the Seven United Provinces, lying between the Zuyier Zee, the German Ocean, Zea- lanil, Duich Brabant, and Utrecht. It is divided into N. Holland, S. Holland, and W. Friefland \ not th*; ftate or province of Friedand, but a diftrit> lying to the N. of N. Holland, Thelie together make but one province, whofe ftates take the title of Holland and W. Friefland. The ex- tent is not large, being not above 180 miles in circumference. The land is almoil every where lower than the fea. The water is kept out by dikes, which they are particularly careful to keep in good repair, Icfi the whole province (hould be laid under water. It is crolTed by the months of the Rhine and Maefe, by leve- ral fmall rivers, ami by a great number of canals, on which they travtl day and night at a fmall expence. Properly fpeaking, it is nothing but a large meadow, and yet all things are in great plpnty, in confe- qotncc of it's ti ade ; and the land feeds great numbers of cattle. In population, it is thought that no pountry in the II O L world, of fuch a fmall extent, equals it. The pafiuies aie fo rich, that .hey have plenty of f)uttti' and cheefe, and the leas and wsKXt. furnilh thtm with fiOi. There are 4.00 villages, and 29 walled towns, befides mmiy others that enjoy mimicipal privilcgcb. Six Inrge cities hive feat^ in tlie Statis General, viz. Dort, Hierlem, D.llt, Ltydcn, Amlttrdam, and Gouda. Jiic number of nobility admitted mto the alfenihly ot the Itates of the province, is not limited, but rarely exceeds 10 ; tJiey are elecltd by a majority of votes. The towns which have a right to fend deputies aie 18. This was the flate of (he repub- lic, prior to the dilputcs on the French revolut.on. The houl'es are generally well built, and extremely neat and clean. They have lintn and woollen manutaftuves, bc- fide the building of a great number cf fhips. The eftablifhed religion is Cal- vinifin ; but aJl religious feels are tolerat- ed. Amiterdam is the capital. Holland, a dilfrift of Lincolnfliire, in the SE. fnrt of the county. It is di- vided into Upper and Lower, and lies con- tiguous to the ihallow inlet of the fea, call- ed the W.ifli. It confiffs entirely of fens and marfhes ; fome in a ftate oi nature, but others cut by numberlefs drains and canals, and crolTed by railed caufeways. The lower, or Ibuthern divifion, is the moll watery, and is prelerved from con- ftant inundations by nothing but vail bank^, railed on the fea-coa(t and rivers^ The air is unwholefome, and the water, ia general, lb brackifh, as to be unfit for in- tirnal piupoies ; on which account, the inliabitants are obliged to make relervoirs of rain-water. Vet even here indulliy has produced comfort and opulence, by forming excellent palture land out of Iwamps and bogs, and even making them capable of producing large crops of corn. The reeds, with which the waters of theif fins are covered make thebeft thatch, and are annually liarvefled in great quantities for that purpole. Prodigious flocks of geefe are bred among the undrained fens, ioi ruing a confidci able objtcl of commerce, as well for their quills and feathers, as for the bird itfelf, which is driven in great numbers to tl-.e London markets. The principal decoys in England for the va- rious kinds of wild ducks, teal, widgeon, and other fowls of the duck kind, are in thefc parts. Wild geefe, grebes, godwits, whimbrels, coots, ruffs, and reeves, and a great variety of other fpccies of water- fowl, breed htre in amazing numbers j and ftares, or ftarlings, letbrt ouring win- ter, in myriads, to rooft en the reeds, breaking H O L breaking them down by their weight. Near Spalding, is the greateft heronry in England, where the herons build together on high trees, like rooks. The avof'et, or yelper, is found in great numbers about Fofidyke Wafli, as alio knots and dottrels. Holland, New, the largeft known land that does not bear the name of a con- tinent; it extends from lat. 43. 42. S. to within 10. 30. of the equator; and from »io. 30. to 153. 30. E. Ion. fo that it's iiirrace nearly equals that of Europe. When this vaft ifland was firft difcovcred is uncertain. About the beginning of the laft century, the N. and W. coalls were traced by the Dutch ; the SE. extremity was dikovered by Tafman, in 1 642. Cap- tain Cook, in 1770, vifited theE. and NE. parts, from 38". S. and Ipent four months in exploring a coail 2000 miles in length. He afcertained it's Reparation from New Guinea; and, in 1773, Furneaux, by con- ae6f ing Tafman's difcoveries with Cook's, completed t;he circuit. In that part of ir, which Tafman diftinguilhed by the name of Van Dieman's Land, and which was vifited by Furneaux in 1773, and again by Cook in 1 777, the land is, for the moft part, of a good height, diverlified with hills and valleys. See Wales, New South. Holland, Derby!', near BoUbver. Hol- land, Lar.cafn. W. of Wigan. Holland, Great and Little, Eflex, near Gunflcet. HoUaiid-Houfe, Middl. near Kenfington, Hollejley, Sutf. near Orford Nefs. Holluk, Middl. near Tottenham. HollimUl-C>-ofs, Wcftmori. nearPendragon Ciftle. Hollin, Lane, near Chatmofs. Hollingborn, Kent, E. of Maidilone. Hollingthorp, Yorkf. 3 miles from Wakefield. Holllngton, Der- byf. between Derby and Aftiborne. Hol- lington. Staff, near Checkley. Hollington, .SiUfex, near Haftings. HoUinfide, E. and IV. N W. of Durham . Hollin-jjorth, Che- fliire, NE. of Stockport. Holliwuell, Dor- l'et(hire, nearCranborne. HoliiTvell,L'\n- colnfliire, NW. of Market-Deeping. Hol- i'oiuay, Somerfetf. Holloivaj, Upper and Loiver, Middlefrx, between Illington and Highgate. Hollozvay- Doivn, EITex, near S;ratford, 4 miles from London. Holloiv- feld, Elfex, N. of Waltham Abbey. Hol- lyhurft, Warwickf. in Bulkington parifli. Hollymounty in Mayo, Connaught. Hol- ly voood, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Holly- •voood, in Down, Ulfter, on the fea coalt, where mufcles are very plentiful. Holm, Bcdf. near Pot ton. Holm, Camb, between Arrington and Caxton. Holm, Diirham, near the mouth of the Tees. Holm, Huntingdonf. near Stilton. Holm, Lancai'. in Burnkyparifh. Hvlm, I^ancais H O L near Manchefter. Holm, Norfolk, N, of Downham, Holm, Norf. W. of Thornam. Holm, Nottingh. on the Trent, 3 miles N. of Newark. Holm, Nottinghamf. on th« Trent, a hamlet of N. Mufkam. Holm, Weftmorland, nea*- Burton. Holm, York- fhire, near Slingfty. Holm, Yorkfhire, N. of New Malton. Holm, or Homme, Here- fon'ifiiire, between Weobly and Dilwin. Holm Abbey, or Cultrum. See Abbey Holm. Holm Cultrum, Cumb. near Bromfield. Holm, in Spalding Moor. Yorkf. 2 miles SW. of Market Wighton. Holm, E. and IV. Dorlet/liire, near Wareham. Holmer, near Hereford. Holmefdale, a rough and woody tia6f in Surry, lying immediately beneath the Idlls to the S. and E. of that county, and extending into Kent. Red deer aie ftill found here. It is laid to take it's name from the holm oak with which it abounds. Holmforth, Yorkf. S. of Almon'Ibury. Holm Hall, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Holm Hall, Norf, E. of Swafftiam. Holm Hall, Yorkf. near Holm, iu Spaldingmoore. Holm Houfe, Heref. between Gieat and Little Marcle. Holm Houfe, Yorkf. N. of New M.ilton. Holm- hurJ},'ii\mT^><\\\re, NW. of Chrillchurch. Hohn Park, Lane, between Marten Mere and the river Ribble. Holm Pierpoint, E. of Nottingiiain. Holms, Kent, in Milton parifli. Holmjdale, SulTcx, S. of AHidown Forelt. Holms IJlands, two illands in the Severn Sea, knows by the name of Flatholm and Steepholm. Holmilcd, Suf- fex, near Cuckfield. Holm-upcn IVoald^ Yorkf. NE. of Market Wighton. Holm- nvood, Suflex, NE. of Dicliling. Holm- if-'ood, Surry, S. of Darking. Hol/iejf, Dorletfiiire,'NE. of Yetminfter. Holfdon, near Norwich. Hclfdon Green, Middle- fex, between London and Harrow. HoLPTEiN, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, fubjecf ro the king of Denmark, having the B»ltic on the E. the German Ocean on the W. Slel- wick and the Baltic on the N. and Lunen- burg, Lubeck, Hamburg, and the Elb on the S. It is about 70 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, and is a pleafant, fruit- ful country, well Icitcd tor trade, and has fome confiderable harbours, particu- larly thofe of Hamburg and Lubeck. There are fome impeiial cities, which are governed by their lefpeftve magiifrates, but the religion of the whole country is Lutheran. The duchy is divided into Holftein Gluckftadt, fuhjev^ to the kingof Denmark ; and HoKltin Gottorpf, fubjefl to the emperor, or emprcfs of Ruflla. The intended junflion between the Baltic and T 4 the H O L the North Sea, will be formed entirely through Holftcinand the other Danifli ter- ritories. • Holt, a town in Norfolk, 20 miles NNW. of Norwich, and izt NE. ot Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Holt, Dtnbighnurc. Holt, or Wuiborne Holt, Dorletfhire, near Winbornf Minlter. Holt and it's Forejl, Dorfetl". NW. of St. JLc-onard. Holt, Hant^, near Winchelkr. Holt, Leicel. SE. of Hallaton. Holt, Sur- ry, near Ockham. Holt, Warwickl. near Kingfbury. Holt, Warw. near Stud Icy. Holt, Wilts, near Bradford. Holthy, NE. ot" York. Holt Cajlle, Wore, near Droit- wich. Helton, Cornwall, N. of Saltalh. Holton, Dorfetf. 3 niilesNE. of Wareham. Holton, Oxf. NE. of Cuddefdon. Holton, Suffolk, SE. of Hadley. Holton, Suffolk, nearHalefvvorth. Holnjcay, Dorfetf. i mile N. of Catftock. Holivay, Somerf. in Wit- comb parifh. Hol^ell, Dorfetf. between W. Pulham and Sherborn. Holnvell, SW. of Hertford. Holzuell, Leicef. near Mel- ton Mowbray. Holnvell, OxfordI". SW. of Burford. //o/owiV^, Yorkfliire- N. Rid- ing, in Lune Foreft, near the Tees. Hol- luoodiwrough, Surry, S. of Darking. Holy Crofs, St afford (hire. Holy Crofs, in Tipperary, Munfter. ^Holyhead, a fea-portandcapeof the Ifle of Anglefea, where pafTengers ufually embark for Dublin, there being packet- boats that fail for that city almoit daily, wind and weather permitting. On the adjacent rocks the herb grows of which they make kelp, a fixed fait ufed in mak- ing glafs, and in alum works; and in the neighbourhood is a large vein of white fullers' earth, and another of yellow. On the lile of Skerries, 9 miles to the north, is a light-houfe. Large flocks of puffins are often feen here ; they all come in one liight, and depart in the i'aine maimer. It is 60 miles E. of Dublin, 24. nearly W. of B^;aumaris, and 260 NW. of London. Lat. 53 19. N. Ion. 4. 34- W. Market on Saturday. Holy-Hill, ShropHiire, SW. of Bridge- north. Hoi,Y Island, or Lindisfarne, a fmalj idand on tlie coalt of Northumber- land, 6 miles SE. of Berwick, It is two miles and a quarter long, and one in breadth, and confifts of one continued plain. The foil is rocky and full of Ifoutrs, for which reafon it is thinly peo- pled I it has but one fmall town, with a commodious harbour, defended by two forts. Holy IJland, in Clare, Munfter, HON which although in great part new, ij, from it's vicinity to the mines, and it's confiderabie manufactures, become the molt flourifhiiig in the county It takes it's name from the famous well called St. Winifred's, concerning which lb many fa- bles and fuperftltious notions have picvail- ed. It is a copious ftrram ot very cold and pure water, burftir.g out of the givund with great impcluoiity, at the foot of a hill. Befide tlie cold bath, cclebiaicd for wonderful cures, formed at the ip>ing- head, and covered with a beautiful Gothic flirine, it is now applied to the purpofe of turning feveral mills for the woiking of copper, making brafs-wire, paper, and fnuff, and fpinning cotton. It is 10 miles E. of St. Alaph, and 211 NE. of London, Market on Friday. Holynvell, Bf^d ford (hire, SE. of Flitton. Holy-Tvell, Chefhire, W. of CholmonJcley. Holyivell, Hertfbrdfliire, near St. Alban's. Holyucell, Huntingdonfliiie, near Sr. Ives, HoMBURG, two towns of Wurtburg, Franconia ; a town of Heffe Caffel ; a town of Heffe Homhurg ; and a town of Deux Fonts; all in the circle ot the Upper Rhine; and a town of Berg, Welt phalia. Ho?fie, Shropf. NE. of Bifhop's Caftle. Homelacy, on the Wye, 3 miles from He- reford. Homersfield, Suff. near Harlllon. Homerton, a hamlet in the parifli of Hack- ney. Homerfnvich, Staff. SW. of Lich- field. Homejbiiry Hill, Surry, near Box- Hill, in Dorking parifli. Hot/iingtcn, Wilts, near Salifbury. Homons, Suffex, W. of Holmwood. Hompton, Yorkfhiie, E. of Patrington, in Holdernefs, Honduras, a large province of North America, bounded on the N. by the bay of the fame name, on the E. by the Mof- quitos fliore, on the S. by Nicaragua and Guatimala, and on the W. by Guatimala and Vera Paz. This country, though ex- ceedingly fertile, is almoft a defcrt. The foil bears Indian corn and grapes, three times a year; it's other produce is wheat, peas, cotton, wool, honey, wax, and pro vifions of all kinds. It produces in greater abundance than any part of America, the logwood-tree, which in dying fome colours, is lo far preferable to any other ;naterial, that the conlumption of it in Europe is coniiderable, and it is become an article in commerce of great value. During a long period, no European nation intruded upon theSpaiiiaids in theic provinces, orattempt- ed to obttin anv fliare in this branch of trade. But after the conquelt of Jamaica by the Englilh, one of the firft objefts of the Ictilers, on that ifland, was the great * HoivwtLL, a town of FUntfliire, profit arifmg tVora the Iog\vood uadt, and X the HON the facility of wrefting fome portion of it from the Spaniards. Their fiift attempt was made at Cape Catoche, the NE. pro- mcntory of Yucatan. When moft ot the trees near this cape were telled, they re- moved to the Idand of Trift, in the Bay of Campeachy ; and, in later times, their prin- cipal ftation has been in the Bay of Hon- duras. The Spaniards, alarmed at this encroachment, endeavoured by negociation, remonttrances, and open force, to prevent tht- Englifli from obtaining any footing on that part of the American continent. But, aftei ftruggling againft it for more than a century, the difafters of an unfuccefsful war extorted from tiie court of Madrid, in 1763, a reluftant confent to tolerate this fcttlement of foreigners in the heart of it's territories. This privilege was con- firmed by the definitive treaty of 1783 j by which, however, it was ftipulated, that nothing in this concefilon fhould be con- fidered as derogating, in any refpefl, from ' the fovereignty of his Catholic Ma- jeAy r that, if the Englifli had erecSled any fortifications in the country, they fliouid be demoliflied, and none ereded in future ; and that they fliould confine themfelves within a certain dilbiJl, lying between the rivers Wallis, orBeliize, and Rio Hon- da, taking the courfe of the faid two rivers for unalterable boundaries, fo as that the ri:!vigation of them be common to both na- tions. But, by a convention figned in 1786, ihefe limits were extended; the Englilh line, beginning from the fea, was to take tjie centre of the river Sibun, or Jabon, and continue up to the fource of the faid river ; thence to crofs, in a ftraight line, the intermediate land, till it interfefted the river Wallis; and by the centre of the fame river, the laid line was to defcend to the point where it would meet the line al- ready fettled in J783. By this conven- tion, moreover, the Englifh were not only permitted to cut logwood, but mahogany, or any other kind of wood, and to carry away any other produce of the country ; with certain exceptions, iiowever, againlt the eftablifliing of any plantations of fu- gar, coffee. Sic. and they were likewife permitted, with certain rcftriftions, to oc- cupy the fmail ifland called Cafina, St. George's Key, or Cayo Cafina. The Englifh fcttlement in this country had for- merly been confidered as tcrcign j but, in 1790, by an a£l of parliament, they were allowed all the privileges of a Britifh co- lony. The principal towns are Vallado- lld, the capital 5 Truxillo ; Gracias a Pios ; and St. Jago. HonedQiii Sutfolkj nsai' Clare* H^nej- H O O br6oh, Dorfetfhire, near Higli Hall. Ho- ney-joood, Kent, in Pollling parifh. HoNt'LEUR, a confiderable lea port in France, in the department of Calvados. It has a very capacious and fafe harbour, at the mouth of the Seine ; and it's prin- cipal trade is in lace. It is 8 miles NNE, of Pont I'Eveque, and no NW. of Pans, Lat. 49.24, N. Ion. o. 15. E. Hongafton, Herefordflfue, W. of Aeon- bury. Hanilm-n Church, VVorcefterfliire, E. of Evefliam, Honing, Norfolk, between Wurfted and Wallham. HoningforJ, War- wickfliire, near Shipton-upon Stour. *HoNrrON, a neat, well-built, and populous town of Devonfhire, pleafantly feated on the river Otter, in a beautiful and fertile country, affording the moft beautiful landfcape, prrhaps, in the world, alnioft all the way to Exeter, which is 15 miles. Here is a large manufadfory of broad lace. It lies on tlie great weffern road from London, E. of Exeter, and 15S miles V/. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Honley, Yorkfliire, SE. of Huthersfield. Honninghaniy Warwick!", near Dunfinore- Hcath, and the river Leame. Honihy, a river in Breeknocklhire. Honey-Church, Devonlhire, near Hatlierky, Hoo, Eflex, W. of Colchcrter. Hoq, Kent, NE. of Stroud. Hoo, Suffolk, W. of Wickham. Hoo, Suffex, near Battel and EoxhiU. Hoo, NE. of E. Dereham. Hood Island, in theS. Pacific Ocean, the molt northerly of the Memloza Iflands, dii(:overed by Captain Cook in 1774. HooGHLY, a I'mall, but ancient citv of Hindooltan, in Bengal. It is now nearly in ruins, but polVefl'es many veltiges of it's lormer greatneis. In the time of the Ma- hometan government, it was the great mart of the export trade of Bengal to Europe. It is leated on the river Hyoghly, x6 milei N. of Calcutta. HooGHLY River., an arm of the Ganges, formed by the union of it's two weffenunofl branches, named the Cuffim- buzar and Jcllinghy riv-ns. It pafles by Hooghiy, Chinluni, Chandernagore, Cal- cutta, &:c. and is the only branch of the Ganges that is comm.only navigated by fliips. Several European nations have fac- tories an this river. HooGSTRATEN, a town and county of Dutch Brabant, 10 miles S. of Breda. Hook, Hants, near Spithead. Hookt Hants, 4 miles W. of Haitiey-Row. Hook^ Yorkf. near the Oufe, E. of the Armins. Hook, Dorfetf. between Beminfter and Dor- chefter. Hook, Great and Little. Yorkf. W. Riding, SW. of Snaith. Hook, Sm- H O R ry, near Klngfton. Hook-Nor/on, Oxf. NE. of Chipijing-Norton. Hook-Point, SiiflTex, SW. ot Rye. Hool, NE. oF Cliefter. lloone, 6 miles SW. of Derby. Hoofe, Le'iCiiK NW. of Waltham-on-tlie- WouKl. Hoothorp, Noithanip. on tlie li- ver Wellan.!, NE. of Bofworth. Hooten, Clicfliiie, SW. ot Frodfham.near Sianlaw. Hooten Lo'vef, Painel, and Robert, YorkC between BariKlley ami Doncaft^ir. Hoove, Suflex, on the coall, near Bi iglulielni(tone, alnrofV fwallowed up by the fea. Hope, Deihyf. in the High Peak. Hope, Heiel. rear Hampton-Comt. Flope, Kent, in Ronin(.y-Marni. Hope, Glouc. in Thorn- buiy parilh. Hope, Yorkl'. N W. of Rich- monct-Moor. Hope, Shropf. on the N. ikie of Stiperftone\s-Hili. Hope, afmall river of Efley., which ril'ts near L'lindon-Hills, waters Stanford-le-Hopc, and entering the Thames, below Mucking, gives name to a noted reach of that river. Hope, Staff. 4. miles from Afhbouni. Hope-Key, De- vx>n/liire, at the nyjurh of the river Aune, between Piyinouth and Siart-Point. Hope- Bazvdler, Shropl^ near Church-Stretton. Hape-Bagott Shropf. E. of Ludlow. Hope- Houfe, Yorkf. N. Riding, in Swaledale, near the river Youre. Hope-Manfel, He- rcfordihire, SE. of Rofs. Hopefey, Shiopf, between Ludlow and Biftiop's Caftle. Hope- Sellers, Heref. near Brockhamptou. Hopsfard, Warw. in Withibr'ook pariih. Hap>o,i, Dcrbyadre, W. of Wirkfworth. Hopton, Northumberl. near Bamborough- Caltlc. Uoptotiy Suffolk, NW. of Buddcl- riale. Hopton, Shropf. E. of Clun Caftle. ■Hoptan, Sutf. S. of Yarmouth. Hopton, 1 miles from Stafford. Hopton in-the-Hcle, Sliropf. S. of Great and Little Poltern. Hapton Monks, Shropf. nearUnderton and_ Upton. Hopton Wafers, Shropf. W. of Clcbury. Hopum, Northumberland, near Lucker. Hoptvays, Staff. 2 miles from Packington. Hopzuel, 5 miles from Derby. Hop^vood, Lane. S. ot Rochdale. Horb- ling, Line. NE. of Fokingham. Hor- born. Staff, near Birmingham. Horbridge, Hants, S. of Fordingbridge. Horbury, York)', trear Wakefield. Hortote, Glouc. in Kempsford parifli. Hard, Northumb. on the Tweed, below Norham. Hordes- Park, Shropdiire, sear Bridgenorth. Hard- ley, Shropfhire, S. of Ellefmere. Horfwell, Hampfbire, SW. of Lymington. HOREB, a nwuntain of Afia, in Arabia Petraea, weftward of Mount Sinai, or ra- ther ano'her eminence belonging to the fame mountain. At the foot ot it is a monaftery, where a bifhop of the Greek church refides. Tliere are two or thr«e fine ijpringSj ami abundance of fruit-trees HOR on it's fummit, but none on that of Sinai. Horerrcfs, Staff, in the parlfti of Biom- ley-Regis. //or^/o/<, N. of Derby. Hore- Jlon-Grange, Warwickf. near Nmicaion. Hortivetl, Warwickf. SE. of Coventry. HoreiJueihy, Heref. NW. of Rols. Hor- fieid, Gloucel'. z miles from Bi iitoi. Hor' ham, Suflolk, near Dtnham and Stradbrnkf. Horidge, Bucks, SE. of Wcndover. Hor- inghold, Leicef. SE. of Hailaton. Horkef- ley-Vark, Suffolk, iicnr Neyland. Horleyt SuflLx. Horley, Oxf. NW. of Banbury. Harlcy, Surry, near Charlwood, SE. ot. R>egate. Horlham-Hall, Effex, near Thnxted. Hormead, Great and Little, Herts, NE. of Buntinglurd. Horn, Rut- landfhire, E. of Burleigh-on-theHill. Horn, or Hoorn, a fea port and town of Holland, with a good h:nbou4". Tlie land produces great quantities of cheefc and butter, and here they fatten cattle, wi>cli are brought lean from Denmark and Holltein. It is feated on the E. coaft of the Zuyder Zee, 14. miles NE. of Amlter- dam. Lat. 52. jS. N. Ion. 5. 2. E. Horn, a town and county of Leige ; alfo a town in the archduchy of Aulfiia ; and a town of Lippe, Wcllpiialla. HoRNB.\CH, a town of Dcux-Ponts, circle of Upper Rhine, feated on the river Horn, with a Benedlftine abbey. It is 5 mdes SE. of Deux Ponts. HoRNBBRG, a town of Wirfevnberg, Suabia; a town of Recklinghaulen, Lower Rhine } and a town of Halbcrftadi, Lower Saxony. Hornblo^toH, Somerfetftxire, SE.of Glaf- tonbury. Hornby, a town of Lancafhiie, on the Lon, or Lune, near Wcltmoriand. It is 8 miles NE. of Lancalter, ; nd 256 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Hornby, Yorkl'. nviar Ynaim. Hornby- Hall, WeOmoriand, near Whinfitid Park* Hornby CajUe, Ycrkflure, near the Swale, 5 miles trom Richmond. Horn, Cape, the moft fouthern part ot Terra-del Fuego, in S. Ameiica. Lat. 55. 58. S.'kn. 67. 26. W. *HORNCASTLE, a large, well-built town in Lincolnfliire, is leated on the ri- ver Bane, and almoll uirrounded by water. It is 20 miles E. of Lincoln, and 136 N. of London. Ivlarket on Saturday. Horncburch, Elfex, E. by S. of Riim- foid. Horncouri. Hants, near Chri(khurch. Horn Crofs, Sulfcx, SE. of Petwoith. HOR.NDON-ON-TH£-HlLL, a town of Effex, fiiuated on an eminence, from which there is a beautiful and ex'enfive prolpect. It is 5 miles N. by E. ot Tilhuiy Fcrt, and 24 E.ot London. Market on Saturday. Horn H O R H0RTJHeAD,H0RE HEAD.OrNORTH Cape, a promontory in the N. ot Done- gal, Ulller ; and alio a bandibrae villa or I'eat in the fame county. Hornbill, Norfolk, SW, of Hickllrg. Horning, Ncrf. Hm'ningloiv. S>.aff. ntar B'.irton-rp'n-Trent. Hor/iif/gfey, 5 miles from Cinibrii-lge. Horning/ham, Wilts, SE. of Frome-Seiv.ood. HorningJJteaih, Great ana Little, Suff. near Eury. Hcrn- ingtofi Norfoik, SW, of Gate'ly. Hor- nock-CajUe, Cornwail> near Penzance. Horn-tiacc, Ktnt, near Appleilore. Hornsea, a town in the E. Riding of Yoiis_;hire, almofl- I'lirrounded by a Imall arm of the ocean, which, by it's continual encroachments on the land, has waflied away nearly a whole ftreet ; and, it is faid, that a village, once (tanding on the N. fide of the town, was wholly iwailow- ed up by it. It is 40 miles E. of York, and 188 N. of London. Lat, 53. 56. N. Jon. o. I. W. Market on Monday. Hornfey, a village of Middlefex, be- tween Highgate aad Soiuhgate, 5 miles N. by W. of London. Varied with hili and dale, and the New River winding through it, there is not a more rural I'pot in the vicinity of the metropolis. Horn- ton, Oxf. near Edgehill. Horridge, Gloiic. in Corfe pariih. Horril, Hants, near Ly- mington. Horriiiger, Stitfolk. Horring- fieet, Norfolk, near Yarmouth. Horruig- ■ham, or Ho'veringham, between Notting- ham and Newark. Harrington, E. and IV'. Somerfetf. near Wells. Horfcar, Great and Little, Yorkf. near Wliithy. Horfe- Iridge, Suflex. Horfebrook, Staff. N. of Brewood. Horfeford, between Norwich and Oulton. Horfekead, North-jmb. W. of Whitchefter. Horfehoufe, Yorkfhirc, N. Riding, near the river Youre, in Swale- dale. Horfe-ljland, fituated in Bantry-Bay, in Cork, Mun Iter. Horfeleap, in W. Mtrath, Leinfter. Horfe-Marley, Gloucefter/hire, in More- ton- Valence paiifh. Horfenden, Biicking- hamfliire, near Great and Little HauuJen. HoRSENS, a fea-part of Aarhuys, on the E. coad of Jutland. Horfepool, Nottinghamfhire, near Thur- garion. Horfey, Norfolk, 7 miles from Yarmouth. Horfey, Somerfetfhire, near Bridgewater. Horfey -Ijland, ElVex, near Harwich. Horfty- Bridge, Huntingdon- i'hire, SE. of Peterborough. Horfeys-Mcl- combe, DorCetfliire, W". of Middleton. Hor.iforth, Yorkfliire, adjoining Leeds. *HoRSHAM, a town ot Suifex, which fupphes London with much fine poultry. The aflizes are occalionally held here. It HOT Is 36 miles nearly S. of London.- Market oil Saturday. Hbrjham, St. Faith^s, Norf. Hcrjheath, Camb. riear Linton. HorfiiiU, Oi^ojtelf Surry. Horfmghrook, Eflex, NE. ot Til- bury. Horjhigtofiy Line. SW. of Horn- caftle. Hor/ington, Somerf. 4 miles troiti Wincanntcii. Horfey, Great and Little, EfTex, W, uf Dediiam. Horfey, Gloucefl 3 niiies SW. of Hampton. Horfey, Northumb. on the NVV. (ide of Morpetli- Horfey, Staffordf. near Pelflial. Horjley- Heath, Staff, in Tipton parifh. Horfey, or Horkfley, Efl'cx, W. of Dcdham. Horf- Ity, E. and W, Suiry, between Leather- head and Gulliord. Horfey~Woodhoufet 4 miles from Derby. Horfmunden,¥Ji\\x., near Goodhurft. Horfpurk,'' viiiikv Oxford. Horfed, Kent, near /lylesford. Horfkd, Norf. SW. of Wurfted. Horjhd, O^yns, and Parva, Suffex, S. of Cuckhcld. Hor- fo~-w. Line, SW. of Barton-on-the-Hura- bcr. Horfycb, Dorfetfhire, nearCranboru. Hordand- in Kildare, Leinfter. Horton, Bucks, near Cokbrook. Hot' ton, Bucks, in the parilhes of Edlcibo- roDgh and Slapton. Horton, Chefh- N W, ofMalpas. Horton, Dorfetl. near Mone- Crickcl. Horton. Glouc. near Chipping- Sudbury, Horton, Kent, ntai Cantei burj. Horton, Kent, near Farmingham- Hor~ ton, 4 miles from Northampton. Horton, Northumberl. SE. of Morpetli. Hortonf Oxfordf. E. of Iflip. Honou, Shropf. near Wem. i^w/^/z, Shrcplhire, W.ofKingf- wood. //«ir/ow, Surry, near Epfom. Hor- ton, SulTex, near Bramber. Horton, or Hcrion-CoUrt, Staff, between Endon- Wa- ter and the river Churnet. Horton, Wilts, in the pariih of Bifliops-Cannings. Hor- tcn-Kirby, Kent, 4 niiks from Dartfoid. Horton Monks, Kent, SW. of Eltham. Horion Cafle, N'lrthumb. near Wolier. Hor ton-Grange, Northumb. SE. of Mor- peth, Horton on-Ribble, Yoik). W.Rid- ing, N. of Settle. Horten, Magna and Parma, Yorklhire, near Bradford. Hor- ivell, Devonrtiire, W. ot Crediton. Hor- ivood, Devonfhire, SW. ot Barnflaple. Hor-Tvood, Gloucefterfhire, near Wickware. Hofpital, in Limerick, Munfler. Hofpital, Kent, W. of Canterbury. Hotherfal, Lancafhire, in Amoundernels. Hotherfeld, Kent, 2 miles NW.of Afhford. Hottentots, Countr.y of the, a large region in the ibuthern exiremity of Africa, which- extends N. by W. along the coaft, from the Cape of Good Hope, beyond the mouth of Orange River, and from that Cape, in an ENE. dJreiSlion, to the mouth of the Great Fifli River, which parts it from Catfraria Proper. The Hot- tentots HOT tentots are as tall as mod Kuropeans, hut more flenrltr) and their liamls and feet are Imall. Their (kin is ol a ycllowifh brown hue, Ibmewhat releinbling tliut of an Euro- pean who has t!ic jaundicein a lugh dfgiee ; but this colour is not at ail obiervable in the whites of tiie eyes. There are not inch thick lips among the Hottentots as among their neighbours the Negroes, the CafFies, and the Mozambiqucs. Their mouth is ot the middling fize ; and thty have, in general, tlie finell fet of teeth imaginable. Their heads are covered with hau" more woolly, it pofiible, than that of the Ne- groes. With rtlpefl: to their fliape, car- riage, and every motion, tiieir whole ap- pearance indicates health and content. There is a volatiiity in their manner which fhews an abtindant flow oi Ipirits, or a high enjoyment of animal life ; in their inter- courfe with Europeans, they hardly lland ftill for a moment. In their mien, more- over, a degree of carelcfTnefs is obfcrvable, that dilcovers marks of alacrity and refo- Intion } qualities which, upon occafion, they certainly can exhibit, as in their en- counters with wild bealls. Not only the men, but the women alfo are clothed with flieep-tkins ; tlie wool being worn outward in fummer, and inward during the winter. They wear one (kin over their fhoulders, the ends of it crolfuig each other before, and leaving their neck bare. Another fkin is taltened round their middle, and reaches down to their knees. They befmear their bodies all over, very copioiifly, with fat, in wiiich there is mixed up a little foot, and this is never wiped oft". They like- wife perfume theniielves with powder of herbs, with which they powder both the head and body, rubbing it all over them, when they befmear themfeives. The odour of this powder is rank and aromatic, and comes nearcll to that of the poppy mixed with ipices. Some of them adorn them- feives with necklaces of fhclls. The wo- men cover themfeives much more Icrupu- loully than the men. They fekiom content themfeives with one covering, but almoft always have two, and very often three. Thele are made of a prepared and well- greafed fkin, and are fattened about their bodies with a thong, almoft like the aprons of European women. The outermolt is aKvays the largelf, mealuring from about fix ir.chcs to a foot over. This is like- wife, generally, the finefl and moll fliowy, and frequently adorned with glafs beads, Itrung in different figures. Both the men and women generally go bai ehcaded. Nei- ther tiieir cars nor nofe are adorned with any pendant ouiaments, as they are among HOT other favages. The nofe, however, ij fometimes, by way of greater Itate, mark- ed with a black Itreak of foot, or with a large fpot of red lead ; of which latter, on their high days and holidays, they like- wife put a little on their cheeks. Both fexes wear rings on their arms and legs ; molt of thefe are made of thick leather ftraps, cut in a circular fliapc; aie'. thelc have given rift: to the almoft univcrfally- received notion, that the Hottentots wrap guts about their legs, in order to cat them occalionally. Rings of iron, copper, or braCs, of the fize of a goole- quill, arc con- fidered as more genteel than thofe of lea- ther j but the girls are not allowed to ufe any rings till they are marriageable. The Hottentots feldom wear any fhoes; what they do wear, are made of undieffcd leather, with the hairy fide outward : they are rendered fofc and pliable, by being beat and moiftened, and are very light and cool. Tiieir habitations are adapted to their wandering, paftoral life. They are merely huts j Ibme of them of a circular, and fome of an oblong ftiape, refembiing a round bee-hive, or a vault; the ground - plot is from 1 8 to 24 feet in diameter. The highelt of tl>em are ib low, that it is fcarcely poiliblc for a middle-fized man to ftand upright. But neither the lownefs of" the hut, nor that of the door, which is barely three feet high, can be confidered as any inconvenience to a Hottentot, who finds no difticulty in ftooping, and crawl- iilg on all fours. The fire-place is in the midJle, and they fit, or lie round it in a circle. The low door is the only place that admits the light, and, at the fame time, the only outlet that is left for the fmoke. The Hottentot, inured to it from his infancy, fees it hover round him, with- out feeling the leaft inconvenience arifing from it to his eyes; while, rolled up like a hedge-hog, and wrapped up fhug in his fkin, he lies at the bottom of his hut, quite at his eafe, in the midft of this cloud, except that he is now and then obliged to peep out from beneath his fheep-fkin, in order to flir the fire, or perhaps to light his pipe, or elfe, fometimes, to turn the fleak he is broiling over the coals. The order of theft: huts, in a craal, or clan, is mod frequently in the form of a circle, with the doors inward; by which means a kind of yard is formed, where the cattle are kept at night. The milk, as foon as it is taken from the cow, is put to other milk, which is curdled, and is kept in a leather lack, the haiiy fide of which, be- ing confidered as the cleaneft, is turned inward j fo ihat the milk is never drank whiJc HOT while it is fweef. Such are Hottentofs in the vicinity of the Cape of Good Hope. Among other tribes of Hottentots are the Bofhielmen, or Bofhmaiis, who inha- bit the mountains in the interior part ©f the country, NE. of the Cape of Good Hope, and are averfe to the paftoral life. Some of their maxims are to live on hunting and plunder, and never to keep any animal alive tor the i'pace of one night. On this account, they themfelves are piu-fued, and fometlmes exterminated, like wild hearts, or taken and made flaves of. Burties and clefts in rocks krve them by turns for dwellings. Many of them are entirely naked ; but ibme of them cover their bmly with the ikin of any fort of animal, great or fmall, from the fhoulder downward as far as it will reach, wearing it till it fall off their backs In rags. Ignorant of agriculture, they are obliged to wander over hills and dales, after certain wild roots, berries, and plants, which they eat raw. Their table, however, is compofed of feveral other diflies, among which are the larvse of in- fers (tlie caterpillars from which butter- flies are produced) the termites, or white ants, graflioppers, Ihakes, and fpiders. VVitli all rliefc changes of diet, the Bofh- man is, neverthelels, fiequently in want. When captured as a flave, he exchanges his meagre fare for the luxury of butter- milk, frumerty, or hafty-pudding, he Ibmetimes becomes fat in a few weeks. This good living, however, is foon em- bittered by the grumbling of his mailer and miftrefs, and he muft frequently bear, perhaps, a few curies or blows, for negleft and indolence. Dilliking labour, and, from his corpulency, become lefs capable ci bearing it, he now pines after his for- mer uncontrouled and wandering life, which he generally endeavours to regain by efcaping. Another tribe of Hotten- tots, near the mouth of Orange River, have huts fuperior to thofe of the generality of Hottentots J they are loftier, and thatched wth grafs ; and are furnlflied with llools made of the baclc-bones of the grampus. Their mode of living is in the highcll degree wretched, and they nre apparently the moft dirty of all the Hotttntot tribes. Their drefs is couipofed of the ikins of feals and jackals, the flefh of whicli they cat. When a grampus is ciift afhore, they remove their huts to the place, and Iiibfilt upon it as long as any part of it remains j and, in this manner, it fometimes affords them fiiltenance for half a year, though in a great meafure dtcayed, and putrifitd by the fun. They frnear their fkin with the HOT Oil, the odour of which is fo powerful, that their approach may be perceived fomc time before they prel'ent tliemfelves to view. They carry their water in the (hells of oftrich eggs, and the bladders of iieals, which they (hoot with arrows, the fame as the other Hottentots. Though one fmall hut contains the whole family, and all are obliged to rcpol'e together, they are chafte in their manners. Severe in their jurif- prudence, they ptmifh murder, adultery, and robbery with death. From the ob- fervance of dances or rejoicings at the full and change of the moon, they appear to be idolatrous; and the Bofhmans are faid to abuie liie thunder with opprobiious epi- thets, to threaten to afl'auk the lightning witli old fhoes, or any thing that comes to hand, and to be dilfatisHcd with jain, as well as cold, accounting it an evil. The country poffelfed by the Dutch is of pretty confiderable extent, comprehending, not- only the large traft , between Table Bay and Falfe Bay,, but that which is called Hottentot Holland, extending from Falfe Bay to the Cabo dos Agulhas, or Cape of Needles, and the country farther E. be- yond St. C'hrilfopher's River, called Ter- ra de Natal. The coaft of this country abounds in bays and capes; it is natural- ly mountainous and barren, yet produces a fiifficiency of all the neceflaries of life for the inhabitants, as alio of refrefliments fer all the European fliips that touch nere. In the interior parts the foil is allonifliingly rich and fertile. The Dutch conTKier the year as divided Into two lealons, whicK they term monlbons ; the wet moiifoon, or winter; and the dry one, or fuinmer. The firll begins with our Ipring; the lat- ter when our fummer ends. In the damp feafon, the Cape is much fubjeft to fogs j and from the middle of the wet monlbon, it rains almoll continually till fummer : the weather is cold, raw, and unplcafant j but never more rigorous than autunm in Germany. Water never freezes to above the thickntfs of half a crown, and, as fbon as the fun appears, the if e Is dilfolved. The Cape is rarely vifited by thunder and lightning, excepting a little near the turn of the lt;aibns. Among the quadrupeds of this country are antelopes, which go in herds of 20 or 30,000 each ; buffaloes cameleopardalifes; the gems-bock, or cha- mois, a I'pecies of antelope, which has re- markably long, fharp horns, and, whea attacked by dogs, will C\t on it's hind quarters, and defend itl"elf; wild dogs much larger than llie jackal, which travel in herds, and are very dellruftive to flocks ot fhtep ; elephants 5 elks ; hyenas ; the koeda. H O U kocdo, an animal of a nioufi colour, ra- ther liiigci than our ilccr, with ihree white ftripes over the back, ami ihc male having very large twilttd horns ; lions ; jackals } tisfers ; tlie cjuacha, a ipccicb ot the ze- bra, but more tractable ; rhinoctroles ; horles j domcftic horntd caltle; common flieep ; and a peculiar f'pecies of (h.ep, which are covered wirh iiair inltead ot v/ual. The hippopotamus, or river-horle, is frtquently leen here. Among the birds are vuluiics ; oltriciies, whofe eggs arc excellent food ; and the loxia, a fpecies of gregarious bird, which builds It's cuiious ncil in the miniofa-trte, where it forms a kind of thatched houle, with a regular i^reet of nefts on both fides, .it about two inches diftance from eacli other, and con- taining under it's root fcvcr.il hundred, or a thouiand birds. Xiie tcnr.ites, or white ants, which do no injury to the wood, as in tlie E. Indies, but to the grafs, the de- itru6Hon of which they occafion, by raiiing a number of hills, which impede the pro- grefs ot veget.uion. The Hottentots eat them ; anil this food is four.d to be far from difagreeable. The locufts alio are eiteemed excelK'nt food by the Boihmans, hy whom they are dried and kept for ul'e. The black, or rock fcorpion, is nearly as venomous here as any ot tlie lerpent tribe, ofw!>ic!i there are numerous kinds. There are fix Ipccies about the Cape ; namely, the horned (hake, about i8 inches long, the moll poiionousof them ail j the koufe band, or garter fnake, about the fame length, dangerous to travellers, on ac- count of reftmbling the foil fo much in colour, that it is not readily perceived ; the yellow fnake, which differs in colour only from the hooded fnake of India, and being from four to eigi'.t feet in length, their fizs, and bright yellow colour renders it eafy to avoid them ; the putf adder, about 40 inches in length, fo called from blowing itfelf up to near a foot in circum- ference ; the fpring adder, very danger- rous, but not common, from three to four -teet long, and ,of a jet black, with white fpots ; Hiid the night ihake, more beauti- ful than any of the others, about 20 inches long, very thin, belted with black, red, and yellow, and when near, at night, has the appearance of fire. The country of the Hottentots lies between the tropic of Capricorn, and 55 degrees S. lat. and is bounded on the W. S. and E. by the At- lantic nnd Indian Oceans, and on the N. by ! gions very little, if at all explored. Motion, Ltic. NE. ot Loughborough. HouAT, a Utile ifland on the coalt of France; 10 miles NE, of Bclle-IUe. H O U HoUDAiM, a town in the deparf. of tht Paf. de Caliiiti, 6 miles S. of Bethune. HouDAN, a town in the depf. of the Seine and Oife, 10 miles S. of Mantes. Hough, Ciicl. near Namptwici>. Hough' on-the-Mount, Lincolnf. near Granthain. Hougham, ;m(i Littje Hougkam, Kent, near, Dover. Houirh End, Lanr. near Manchel- ter. Houghton on the Spring, Durh. near Finchalc. Houghton, Cumb. in Stauwix parifh. Houobton, Nortolk, near H irpley. Houghton, Noi-. en the Idel, 2 miles W. of Tuxford. Houghton, Yorkl. W. Rid- ing, NW. of Tickliili. Houghton, Hants, near Stockbridge. Houghton, Derb. SE. of Bolfovcr. Houghton, Hunt. W. of St. Ives, Houghton, Yorkl'. NW. of Ponte- fraft. Houghton, on the river Ncn, S. of Northampton. Houghton, Nortbumb. near Chollerton. Houghton, Leic. near Billden. Houghton, Durham, NW. of Darlington. l^oughton, Lincolnf. on the Witham, S. of Grantham. Houghton, Shropf. near Shef- nal. Houghton, Norf. SW. of Great WaU fingham. Houghton, Northumberl. near Heildon, Houghton-Chapel, Lane. N. of Leigh. Houghton-Conquij}, Bcdf. N. of Ampthili. Houghton, Great and Little, Yorkf. near Barnelley. Houghton King" j, Bedf, N. of Dunltable. Houghton, Long, Norlhumb. NE. of Alnwick. Houghton- ToTver, L^itcal'. between Blackburn and Prefton. Hoveningham, or Honjingham, Yorkf. W. of New Malton. Houlford, Somerfetfliire, near Alfoxton. Houljhy, Lincolnlhire, N. of Horncalile. Houl/ion, Norfolk, near Saxlingham-Thorp. Houl- Jioli, Wilts, near Ambrelbury. Houi.swoRTHY, a town of Dcvon- fhire, fituated near the river Tamer, on the borders of Cornwall. It is iz miles SW. of Bideford, and ai5 from London. Market on Saturday. Houlton-cn-the Hill, Norf. 3 miles SE. ot Swaitham. Houlton-inthe-Clay, Line. S. of Great Grimfby. Hound, Hants, between Southampton and Titchfitld-Bay. Houndenen, Shropf. near Clebury. Hound- Hill, StatTordf. near Draycot. Hounstietdt Dcrbyfliire, in the parifli of Dronfieiti. *HouNSLOW, a town of Middlefex, fituated on the edge of the heath of the fame name, on which are fome powder- mills, on a branch of the river Coin. It belongs to two parilTies, the N. fide of the ftreet to Hefton, and the S. to Illewortb, and is 10 miles W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Hou-QuANG,a province in the interior of China, having Honan to the N. and Kiangnan and Kiangfi to the E. It con- tains 15 cities of the fiift rsnk, and 65 of the HOW the fecond and thud, and is nioftly a champaign country, watered every where by brciok.s> lakes, and rivers. Here is a plenty oi wild fowl and cattle ; and the foil produces all ibrts of grain and fruits. Gold is found in die lands of the rivers j and they have iron, tin, tutenage, wax, and fuch an extenhve variety of other com- modities, that it is coiTMnonly called the nia2;azine of the empire. Hoitrtie, Surry, between Gatton and E. GrinlteaH. Houjes^ Cumb. near S. Tyne, SE. of Kirkhaugh. Houfefieads, Nortli- umberland, near Chelter and Bu(y Gap. Houfe, ff^eji, EflTex, near Bellericay. Ho-to- Norf. W. of Loddon. Hoxijarhy, Line E. of Thongcalter. Hovjhern, Yorkf. W. Riding, N. of Temple-Brough. Hozv- born, Northumb. N W. of Belford. Ho-iv- (aple, Heref, N. oi Rols, near the Wye. Hoivcourt, Sufll-x, S. of Sienlng. HovvDEN, a large town in the E. Rid- ing of Yorklhire, feated on the rivers Oufe and Dcrwent. It gives name to a fmall diftriil, called Howdenfliirc, and is J 6 miles SE. of York, and 179 N. by W. of London, Market on Saturday. Hoivden Fari, Yorkfliire, between Skipton and Bradford. Hoiuden Faansy Je pa- gan Danes, bccaufe he would not renounce the Chriflian religion. A monailery was alterwHrds ereftcd here to his memoiy. HoXTiR, a town in Weliphalia, be- longing to the Abbey of Corvey. Hoy, one of the Orkney Illands, fitn- ated between the Illand of Pomona and the N. co;ifl of Caithnefsfliire. It is about 11 miles long, and more than 3 broad. On this ifland, hefides the great conic hill of Hoyhead, which i.s a fea-mark, theie is a (tupemlous rock called the Beary, where a bird, here named the layer, fuppofed to be a fpecics of the penguin, is toimd. It is about the fize of a fmall duck, remai^c- ably fat, and elleemed a great delicacv. Thefe birds burrow in the rabbit-holes. The perfon employed in taking the young is ufually let down by a rope from tlie top ot the precipice. In tliis illand ttKj, in a gloomy valley, is an entire ftone, 36 feet long, and 18 broad, called the Dwai- fic Stone- It is hollow within, having the form of a bed and pillow cut in the Ifone : it is fuppofed to have been once the habitation of a hermit. Lat. 58. 56. N. Ion. 3. ^c^. W. Ho YA, a town ami comity of Weltpha- lia, fulijeii^ to Hancvcr fince 1705, except a fmall part which belongs to Hefle Caf- fel. Ii: is 32 miles long, and 29 broad, and contains 17 imall towns, befides the capital (which is Htuatcd on the Wefer) and 54. parilhes, Hnylnnd, High, Yorklbire, W. Riding, in Wciitworth paiifh. Hoyland- S-waiHf Yorkfhiie, NW. of BarnelKy. Hradisch, a town and circle of Mora- via, 30 miles SSE. of Olmutz. Hua, or Kahua, a large town, the c.ipital of Cochin CiiiiMj with a handfome palace HUD palace, where the king commonly lendes. It is leatcd in a beautiful pl;iin, nntt di- vided into two parts l)y a large river. The inhabitant* blncktn tlitir tei^tli, thinking it a (hame to have tlieni white, like dogs, and they wear their nails very long. Tliere are a tew CIniltians here. Lat. 17. 4.0. N. ion. 105. 5. E. Hu AMINE, one of the Society IHands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, 30 leagues from Otaheite, and 7 in compal's, with an excel- lent harbour, tliou^h a (mall one, on the W. fide. It's furface is hilly and uneven. Lat. 16. ^^. S. Ion. 151. I. W. Hubhtrkam, Yorkfliire, W. Riding, NE. of Settle. * HuBBERSTON, a town in Pembroke- fliire, on a creek of Mil lord- Haven, the ftation of the packet to Waterford, in Ire- land. Hiibberjioiv, Devon f. on the coaft, near the mouth of tiie river Taw, where Hub- ba, the Dane, was cut off by the Weft SaxDns. Hubert, St. a tovirn of Luxemburg. Huckurn, Devonfhire, SE. of Nevvton- Bu(hel. Hucket, or Huc.kle, Bucks, near Aileihury. Hucking, Kent, in Holling- bourn parifli. Hucklefcot, 4 miles E. of Gkiucelter. Huckltjcot, Leicefterf. SE. of Alhhy-de-la-Zoucli. Huckloav, Great and Little, Derb. in the High Peak. Hiicknal, N. of Nottingham. Huckneyy or Hall- Hiuknal, Derbyf. near Mansheld, in Not- tinghamf. Huckjlonv-Foreft, Shroplhire, about Stiperfton's Hill. *HuDDERSFiELD, a town iu the W. Rilling of Yorkfliire, which has rifen up within this century, is fituated amid bar- ren moors, and is the mart tor narrow cloths, called plains, and fine broad clbths. It is +i miles SW. of York, and 189 NNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Huddington, Wore. SE. of Droitwich. Huddlejle-iv, Cumh. between Penrith and Kiikhaugh. Huddlejhn, Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, near Sliirbourn, is famous tor a quar- ry of ftone, reckoned the fined in England. When firft dug out, it is foft, hut hardens by lying in the air. King Henry VH's. chapel, at Wcltminller, was nioftly built of the Hone fetched from hence. Hude, a rlvei in Durham, running into the Tees at Middletoii. Hudhay, Lane, near Ha- flingden. Hudnal, Herts, in Elefborough paridi. Hudson"s-Bay, a large bay of North America, lying between 51 and 67 deg. ot N. latitude, and difcovered, in 1610, by Captain Henry Hudl'on. This intre- pid m;iriner, in fearcliing after a NVV. pal- lage to the S, Sea, diltovercd thre« ftriyits, HUD througli which he hoped to find out 3 new way to Alia by America. He had made two voyages before on the fame adventure; the firll iu 1607, >>"'' •" t''c fecond in 1608. In his third and laft, in 1610, he entered the (traits that lead into this new Mediter- ranean, the bay known by his name ; and coafted a great part of it. His ardour for the dilcovery not being abated by the dif- ficulties he ftruggled with in this empire of winter, and world of froft and fnow, he ftaid here till the enfuing fpring, and pre- pared, in the beginning of 1611, to purfu^ his difcoveries ; but his crew, who lutfered equal hardfliips, without the fame fpirit to fupport them, mutinied, feized upon him, and (even of thofc who were moft faithful to him, and comniitted them to the icy feas in an open boat. Hudl'on and his companions were never more heard of j but the fhip, and the reft of the men, re- turned home. Other attempts toward a difcovery were alfo made in 1612 and 1667. In 1746, a Captain Ellis wintered as far north as 37 degrees and a half; and a Captain Chriltopher attempted farther difcoveries in 1761. But befides thefe, and the late voyages, which fatisfy us that we muft not look for a paffage on this fide of the latitude 67 degrees north, we ar« indebted to the Hudfon's Bay Company for a journey by land, whicli throws much additional light on this matter, by afford- ing what may be called demonllration, how much farther north, at leaft in fome parts of their voyage, (hips muft go, be- fore they can pafs from one fide of Ame- rica to the other. The northern Indians, who come down to the company's fa6lo- ries to trade, had brought to the know- ledge of our people a river, which, on ac- count of much copper being found near it, had obtained the name of Copper-Mine River. The company being dcfirous of examining into this matter with precifiop, direfted a young gentleman in their Icr- vice, of the name of Hearne, to proceed over land, under the convoy of thole In- dians, for that river ; which he had orders to furvey, if pofTible, quite down to it's exit into the fea, to make obfervations for fixing the latitudes and longitudes, and t» bring homo maps and drawings, both of it and the countries through which he fhould pafs. Accordingly, Mr. Hearne let out from Prince of Wales Fort, oa- Churchill River, on tlie 7th of December 1770, and, on the i 3th of June following, reached the Copper-Mine River, but found it all the way, even to it's exit into the fea, encumbered with thoals and falls. The tide beuig ihen out, fecmed, by the edge^ HUD of the ice, to rife about la or 14 feet, enttrring it over a dry flat of the ihore. This rife, on account of the falls, will cany the tide but a little way within the river's mouth, fo that the water in it had not the leall brae ki 111 tafte. He was, ne- veithelei's, fuie of the place it emptied it- felf iiifo being the fea, or a branch of it, by the quantity of whale and feal iliins vvliic^^ the Efliimaux had at their tents ; and alio by the number of feals which he faw upon the ice. The lea, at the river's mouth, v/as full of iflands and (hoals, as far as he could fee by the afiiltance of a pocket telefcope ; and the ice was not yet broken up, but thawed away only for about three quarters of a mile from the fliore, and for a little way round the iilands and Hioals which lay off the river's mouth. But he had the moil extenlive view of the iea when he was about 2 miles up the ri- ver; from which ftation, the extreme parts of it bore NW. by W. and NE. It ap- pears from the map, which I\Ir. Kearne conlhii6ted of this lingular journey, that the mouth of the Cupper- ivline River lies in iat. 71. N. and Ion. 25. W. from Churchill River j that is about 119 W. of Greenwich. Mr. Hearne's journey hack, from the Copper-Mine River to Churchill River, laRed till June 30th, J 772 ; fo that he was abfent ahnoft a year and feven months. The country lying round Hudfon's Bay on the W. and SW. is called New N. and New S. Wales. The extenfive peninfula to the E. of it is called Labrador, or New Britain. The entrance of the Bay, from the ocean, after leaving Cape Farewell and Davis' Straits, is between Rcfoluiiun Ifles on the N. and Button's Ifles on the S. forming the eaft- ern extremity of the itraits, diltinguiflied by the name of it's firft difcoverer. The vaft countries that furround Hudfon's- Biy, abound with animals, whole (kins and hirs are taj- fuperior in quality to tliofe found in lei's nottiierly regions. In 1670, a charter was granted to a company, which does not confilt of above ten pcrlbns, for the exclufive trade to this bay, and for planting the country 5 and they have aSed under it, ever fince, with great benefit to themlelves, but little comparative advan- tage to the kingdom at large. They em- ploy 4. (hips, aud 1 30 feamen, and have feve- ral forts j namely. Prince of Wales' Fort, Churchill River ; York Fort, Nelfon Ri- ver; New Severn; and Albany; which are all feated on the WSW. fide of the Bay. Hudson's River, one of the fineft ri- vers in N. America, rifing in a mountain- 9iii couBtry, about h.ilt way between the H U L Lakes Ontario and Champlaln. It waters Albany and Hudfon, and proceeds, in a foutherly direction, to New York, wheie it enters the Atlantic Ocean, at York-Bay, after a coiu^le of 250 miies. The tide flows a few miles above Albany, which is 160 miles from New York. It is navi- gable for (loops to Albany, and for (hips to Hudfon. Hudson, a town of N. America, iti the (fate of New York, whicii was begun to be built in 1783, and has had the molt rapid progvefs of any place in America, except Baltimore, in Maryland. It is feated on the E. fide of Hudlbn's River, 60 miles S. of Albany, and 100 N. of New York. Lat. 42. 23. N. Ion. 73. 4.1. W. Hur(five!l, Yorkfhire, S. of Richmond. Moor. Huelsjield, Gloucelterfhire, in Lydney pari(h. HuEN, a fertile Ifland of the Baltic, la the Sound, fubjeil to Sweden fince the treaty of Rofchild, in 155S. It has only one village, containing about 50 houfes. This idand was granted, by Frederick II. king of Denmark, to Tycho Brahe, the celebrated alironomer, with a calfle called Uranienburg, erefted for the p^rpofe of making oblervations, in which he refided upwards of 20 years. It is 6 miles in cir- cumference, and lies 14. miles N. by E. of Copenhagen, Huesca, an ancient and confiderable town of Arragon, with an univerfity. HuESCAR, a town of Granada. HUETA. Ste GUETA. Hugget, Yorkf. E. Riding, E. of Wil- ton. Hugh, Northumberland, near Stan- nington. Hughford, Shropf. near Munf- low. H'ulcot, Northamp. near Towccfter. Hulcot, Wilts, NW. of Everley Warren. Hull, Northumb. near Alnwick. Hull, Worcefterl". in Bockleton parifli. Hull, or Kingston-upon-Hull, a large handlome town in the E. Riding of Yorkfliire, feated on a river called the Hull, on the N. fide of the river Humber. It's commerce has increafed (b much of late years, that it is probably the fourth port in the kingdom. It's fituation is extremely advantageous ; for, befides it's comiaunication with the Yorkfaire rivers and canals, it has accefs alio, by the Hum- ber, to the Trent, and all it's branches and communications. Hence it has the import and export trade of many of the northern and midland count., '.5. By the late inland navigations, it has '% a com- munication with the rivers .. ly, Dee» Ribble, Siivern, Thames, jv..- .., &c. which navigation, including it's >.>.'.':.'.*ji(ts, extends above 500 miles ia the ccui.. . v at U Lio.,i5af HUM Lincoln, Nottingham, Yoik, Larcafter, Wfftmorland.Cliuftcr.ScifToul, Warwick, I.eicdhr, OxforJ, Worceff. r, .-^c. The foreign trade is cliitflv to the B-ne-U'alfitfd, ('hef. between Con- gleton and Northwich. HuLST, a town of Dutch Flanders. HuMEER, a river formed by the junc- tion of the rrent, Oufe, Hull, and ftveral other Ilrcanis. It (iividcs Yorkfhire from Lincolnfhire, and falls into the German Ocean betvvren Spurn Head and S;ilt fleet. H:(:nber, Heref. between Bromyard and .L^ominfier. HumhrjlofJS, near Leicefier. Humherfior.e, Lincolni'. SE. of Grimfby. Hnmberton, Yorkf. N. of Borouglibridge. H'umb'edoH, Nortiiumberland, near WoUcr. Humbhton, Yorkf. near Burton-Confta- bk-. H:imby, Lincoln!', by Lincoln-Heath. Humming'ton, ^Vilts, SW. of Sslifbury. HuMMOCH, an ifland in the Ealtern Indian Ocean, about 6 miles in length. Here is a rajah, fupported in his authority by the Dutch E. India Company. The rafives lefemblc the Malays, both in ap- pearance and difpofition, but fneak the I'anie language as the inhabitants of Min- danao. This ifland is exceedingly fer:ile, and produces mofl of the tropical fruits. But their principal articles of trade with the Dutch are bees-wax and honey. It iies about 15 miles S. of the S. point of Mindanao. Lit. 5. z~. N. Ion, 125. 12. E. Htincots, Lane, near Haflingden. Hun- ^■ct£, SW. of Leicellcr. Hunderton^ near Hereford. H»r.dUby, Line, near Spillty. II U N Ifundon, Staffordfhire, on the NW. fide of Clare. Hundred, Berks, in Chefliam pa- rifli. Hundred Hovfc, Worci-Htifhiie, near Woodbury and Aberley-Hills. Hi/NnsFtLi), a town of belt;, Siicfia. Hunfleet, or Hunjleet, Yorkl. near Leeds. Hungary, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the W. by Mnravia and the circle of Aultria; on the N. and NE. by Poland ; on the E. by Walaciiii, Traii- fylvania, and pait of Moldavia j and on the S. by Servia and the river Diave, which iVparatts it from Sclavonia and Cro- atia. It is divided into Upper and Lower Hungary; and to thele may be added tlie Eannat of Temefwar, incorporated into the kingdom of Hungary, in 1778. Hungary formerly included Tranfylvania, Sclavonia, Dalmatia, Servia, Walarliia, and other countries. The principal rivers are the Danube, Save, Drave, Theil'e, Tcnies, Ltiiha, Raab, Waag, Gran, and Maros, The air in the Ibuthern parts is unhealthy, occafioned by the lakes and bogs, inibmuch that a fort of plague vilits them every three or four years, on which account it is called the grave of the Ger- mans, It abounds in ail the necelfaries of life, and the wine, efpeciaily that called Tokay, is excellent. There are mines of gold, filvcr, copper, and iron ; and they have fuch plenty of game, that hunting is allowed to all. Almo'i all the towns of Hungary have two nam.cs, the one Ger- man, and the other Hungarian ; and the language is a dialect of the Sclavonian. The government is hereditary in the honfc of Auftria, whether male or female; and the cftabliflied religion is Popery, though there are a great number of Protcltants. No country in the world is better fupplied with minerals and baths ; and thole of Buda, when the Turks hr-d it in pcflefTion, were reckoned the finelt in Europe. Buda is the capital town of Lower Hungarj-, and Prefburg of the Upper. *HuNG£RFORD, a town of Berkfhire, feated on the river Kennet, and noted lor the bell trout and crawlifli in England. It is 64. miles W. of London. Market on Wednefday. Hungerford, Shropflure, SE. of Church- Siretton. Hungerkill, N. and S. Dorfetf. near Wareham, Hungerhill, Yorkf. W. Riding, W. of Topcliff. Hun^erjball, Kent, S. of Tunbridge. Hungerto/t, Leicefterfh. N. of Billcldon. Hungroad, Somerietfliire, an anciioiing place in the Avon, below Bi iftol. Hungry Hu-l, a lofty, fteep, ana rocky mountain, in Cork, Munfter. It is at ieaft 700 yards above the level of Ban- try- HUN H U R trj'-Bay, and near it's fummit is a large them arc fiiallow pools, abounding with lake, vvliich prociuces one of the fintlt ca- tarafls in the kingdom, HuNiNGEN, a tov/n of France, in the tJepartment of Upper Rhine, feared on the rivcr Rhine, 5 miles N. of Ba!ie. Hunkingion, E. of Shrswlliurv. Hun- tnanby, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Filey Bay, II miles S. of Scarborough. Hunnily, Warw. near Kenilwojth. Huningham, NW. of Norwich. Hunington, Liiicolnf. NE. of Grantham. Huning'.on, Suffolk, NW. of Ixworth. Hunfi-o.'e, VVarw. in the parifli of Hampton upon Avon. Hunf- don, Herts, N. of Hoiliilon. Hunjhaiu, Devonf. NE. of Torrington. Hunfhelf, Yorkf. NW. of Rotheram. Hunjinger, Yorkf. SE. of Knaretborough. Hunjley- Houfe, Yorkf. between N. Cave and Be- verley. Hufijlanton, Norfolk, nearly S. of St. Edmund's Cape, on the (bore of the Wafhes. Hunflerivorth, Durliam, N. of Stanhope, has lead mines. Hunjlon, Suf- folk, N. of Wulpot. Hu/.Jhn, Suirex, between Appledrum and Fegham. Hun- jhn, SufTex, near Parkam. Hit)ij\>jorthy Yorkn S. of Bradford, Hiintild, Suffolk, 4- miles W. of Halefworth, Huntingford, firti. The l;.rgelt of ihefe is a lake of con- fiderable lize, called Whittlel'^a Mere. The air is good, except in the fenny parts, which are aguilh. It's chief commodities are corn, malt, and cheeie j and they fat- ten abundance of ca'tle. liu/itbigton, near Chelttr. Hunthigtony Heief. S. of Kyneton. Huntington, ^:7^i. fordf. near Cankwocd. Huntington, York/'. near Stockton Moor. Hur.tijbam Hcref. near Rols. Huntley, Gioucclierl". 5 miles NE. (jf Dean, r.nd 7 ficjn Glouceiter. Huntley, Staff. NE. of Dv.ycot. Hunton, Hsrn's, E. of Andover. Hunton, Kent, SW. of Maidflone. H.mton, Yorkl. near Conliable Burton. Hujits Court, Gioucef. near Badgworth. Huntjham, Dcvonfliire, SE. of Bampton, HuNTSPiL, Somerfctflure, a fmall town fcated at the mouth of the river Pairet, 5 miles N. of Bridgewater. Hunt'vjorth, Somcrf. near B'idgewater. HuntytoKy Shroplhire, near Wrekin Hill. Hu/ixuick, Durnam, on tlie Wear, near Bifho[)'s Auckland, has mc-dicinal fprings, Hun-zuofth, Norfolk, S. of Holt. HuRDWAR, a town of D.lhi, on the Gloucefterfhire, in the paridi of Wotron- Himmaleh, near the W. coalt of the iinder-Edge. Huntingford, Gloucefter- fhlre, in Berkeley parifh. * Huntingdon, the county town of Huntingdon/hire, feared on the river Oufj, over which there is a handfome (fone bridge, which leads to GodmaiKhellcr. Ganges, on the borders of Thibet. Ii 90 miles nearly N. of the city of Delhi. Lat. 29. 55. N. Ion. 78. 15. E. Hurlers, Cornw. a rema: kable heap of ftones, SW. of Launcefton, Hurifione, Cti'-fhue, NW. of Ntmptwich, Hurley, It was once a large place, having fifteen B.rks; on the Thames, 4. miles from Mai- churches, which, in Camden's time, were reduced to four, and now to two. It is 16 miles W. by N. of Cambridge, and 65 N, by W. of London. Lar, 51, 17. N. Ion, o. 25, W. Markets on Monday and Saturdav. Hunting DON SHI RE, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the W. and N. by Nur- thamptonfhire, on the NE. and E. by Cambridgcfliire, and on the S. by a part ef Cambridgefhire and Bedirrdfhire. It extends 22 miles from N. to S. and about J 8 from E. to W, The principal rivers are the Oufe and Nen. The borders of the Oufe, which fiows acrofs the SE. part, confilt of fertile and beautiful meadows. The middle and weffern pins are finely varied in their furface, fertile in corn, and fprinkled with woods. The whole upland fiart was, in ancient times, a forefl, pecu- iarly adapted for hunting, whence the name of the county took it's rife. The NE. part confilts of fens, which jyin thofe of Ely J but they are drained, lb as to af- ford rich pafturage for cattle, and even denhead, in the Oxford ro^id. Hurley, Warw, near Kingfbury, Hurljlon Hail, Lancafhire, N. of Ormikirk. Huron, a lake of North America, be- twc::n 80 and 85 deg. W. ion. ai.d 43 and 4.6 N. lat. It communic-res with Lake Michigan by the Straits ot Michillmacki- iiac; with the Lake Siipcrior bv the Straits of St. Mary ; and with Lake Erie by the Straits of Detroit. It's fhape is n.."ariy triangular, and it's circurnference about 1000 miles. It contains many iil.inds and bays, and abounds in filh, put.cularly trout and fturgcon. On it's banks are found prodigious quantities of fand cher- ries. Hurry, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Rum- baldkir:i. Hurfiey, Hants, near Winchef- ter. Hurfl, Berks, near Twiford, Hiirj}, K. nt, SE. of Aflu^rd. Hurfl, G! ^uce.*; in Lidney parifh. Hurfl, G.ouceifcrl'. in Siimbiid^e. //wr/f. Norihumb, iicai New- biggin. Hurfl, Siiiopi'. near Caufc Calfle. Hurfl, SufTex, near Burwafh rasd Rother- bridge, Hurfl, SufFcx, N. of Horlham. large crops «f corn j and, in tJie midft of Hurfl, Warw. near Stonely Abbey U i Hurst II U T lIuRST Castle,3 caftle jnHampfliire, not tai trom Lyniiiigton. It is.leattd on the cxticine point ol a netk ot land, whiih ftioots a mile aiul a half into the lea, to- wards the lilt of Wight, tion.whlcli it is the fliorttll diliancf, l)eiiig only z miles. In (his cattle Charles I. was toi.fiiie.i pie- vioully to his being brought to trial. Ihirj] Green, SufTex H Y T and Avit', Weftm. near Kendal. Hutton RooJ, Weftmorl. N. of Kiikby Lonlddle, near Calierlon. Hutton Sand, Yoikfhirc, VV. ot rhliflt. Hutton Sefay, Yofkftiire, NW. of Eufingwold. Huxley, 4 mile* SE. of Ciicder. Hi;y, a to.vn of Liege, on the Maefe, 11 miltrs SSW. of the city of Liege. Hy.ie, Berks, in Dcnchworth parilh. HurJ'.monceux, Suflcx, among woods, Hjde, Dorletf. between Bcre and Ware betwcui Haillham and Adiburnham. Hur- h^in. f/j'^^V, Warwickf. on the he rders of y/Oz/^y/lc^j, Dorletf. near Bndport. Hurjl Lcic. and in Hinckley parifti. HjJe Far/ttf I'icrpoi/it, SuHex, NW. of Lewes, near Gloucekerf. a hamlet to Gnitmg-Templc. Twineham. Hurjlzuooii, Lancal. 4 miles Hydrabad, a city of Hindooftan, ca- from Warrington. Hurton, Hants, NE. of Chriftchuith. HuriJcortb, Durham, SE. of Darlington, by the Ttes. Hujlorn Frier, Hants, SW. of Whitchurch. Huf- born Tarrant, Hants, N. of Andover. HussiNGABAD, H town of HimlooHan, pital of the province of Golconda, and at this lime of the D^ccan. It is feated on a river that falls into the Kiftna, 170 miles NNW. of Madras. Lat. 17. i*. N. Ion. 78. 51 . E. Hydrabad, a fortrefs of Hindooftan, in the province of Malwa, but on the S. in the province of Sindy. It is the refi fide of the river Nerbuddah, and on the dencc of the Mahomedan prince of that frontiers of Nagpour, the eal;ern divlficn country, who is tributary to the king of of the Mahratta empire. Sume maps Candahar. It is fituated on the Indus, not place it in the Candeiili country. It is far above the head of the Delta, and in 140 miles NW. of the city of Nagpour. the neighbourhood of the city of NulTer- Lar. Z2. 42. N. Ion. 77. 54. E. pour. Lat. 25. 29. N. Ion. 69. 30. E. HuJJington Grange, Derbyfliire, NW. //j7,Ycrkfliire, near Burlington, of Afhborn. Hujihuuate, Yorkfliire, Is. Hjle Lake, Chefh. between the mouths of of Eafingwold. ttie Dee and Merfey, where outward bound Husum, a fea-port of Skfwick, on the fhips often wait for a wind. Hjltottt German Ocean. Shropfhire, NE. of Bridgenorth. Hymf- Hujhuedon, Staff, in Chartley parifli. Hutham, Yorkf.-near North Cave. Huth- ivate, Cumb. near Cockermouth, up the Derwent. Halt, Lane. SE. of Liverpool. Hutton, Cumb. near Hefket Newmarket. Hut:on, ElTcx, near Brentwood. Hutton, Lancaf. near Langton Chapel. Hutton, Lane. E. of the Ktn Sands. Hutton, So- merf, NW. of Axbridge. Hutton, Yorkf. SW. of Gifborough. Hutton, Yoiki. N. of Kirkby Maielide. Hutton Boniiie, 'worth, Yorkl^ S. of Pontefracl. Hyndal^ Sufiex, SE. of Aflidown Foreft. Hyndborn, a river in Lancaf. running into the Lune, near Hornby Calfle. Hyndley, Norfhumb. S. of Biwell Caftle. Hyne Chcaf, SufTex, in Aflidown Foreft. Hynehcatb, Siuopl, SE. of Wem. Hynniton, Shropf. between B'ofcley and H;itton. Hynton, Gloucef- terlliire, S. of Evefham. Hynton, North- amptonfliire, SW. of Bracklev. Hypo LITE, St. a fmall town in the Yorkf. near Nortliallerton. Hutton Bujhd, department of Gard, feated on the Vi- Yorkfliirc, near Scarborough. Hutton Co- dourle, near it's fource, 14 nailes NW. of nyers, Yorkfliire, NW. of Noithallertcn. Nifmes Hutton Crai7pivick, Yorkf. NW. of Frod- lingham. Hutton-in-thc-Hay, W'eftm. W. of Kirkby Loiudale. Hutton Henry, Durli. NW. cf Hartlepool. Hutton John, Cumi). in Grayftock parlfh. Hutton Juxta Rud- HyrJ}, Line. In Axholm Ifle. Hyjhamt W. of Lancaf.er. Hytke, Somerlttf. near Chedder. Hytke, or Hyth, near Colchef-. ter, and the harbour of that town. *Hythe, a town in Kent, one of th« hy, Yorkf. S, of Yarum, Hutton Long Cinque Ports. It had formerly tour pa- filliers, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Greatar riihes ; but it's harbour having been bridge. Hutton Managers, Yorkf. NE. choked up, it has now but one. It is 9 ef Boroughbndge. HuUau Mary, Dorietf. miles SW. of Dover, and 6S SE. of Ixui- near Stunninltcr Newiyn. Hutton, Old don. Market oh Saturday. jaab; J A F J AG JAAR, a river of Liege, which pafils by Tongres, and falls into the Maes at Maeftricht. Jablunkau, a town of Tefchen, Si!e- fia. J A CCA, a city and diftri(5l of Anagon. jACi-ni-AqtULA, a fea-port of Sicily. Jack-Dyke Yorkfhire, SE. of Bainard- Caltle. Jackman-i Chync^ Ifle of Wiglit W. Medina. Jackson, Port, a large bay on the coaft of New South Wales, about iz miles N. of Cape Banks, thought to be the hneft harbour in the world. The capes at it's entrance, which is lefs than z miles acrofs, are high, perpendicular cliffs, and within, it gradually expands into a noble bafon, with foundings liifficient for the jargcft velfels, and fpace to accommodate, in per- indi fecurity, the greateft number tliat could be afleiubled. Ships may lie in 5| fathoms within 50 yards of the (liore, and the channel (the furface of which is as fmooth as a fifh pond) has moftly 15 fa- thoms, gradually (hoaling farther up. It runs, chiefly in a weftern direction, about 13 miles into the country, and contains at leall a hundred fmail coves, formed by narrow necks of land, who'e projections afford complete fl;elter from all winds. Sydney Cove lies on the S. fide of the har- bour, between 5 and d miles from the en- trance. There is an abundance of fifh in the hMr'iour, nioft of which are unknown in England, befides oylters, cockles, and other fhell fifh. Jacohftoi-v, Cornwall, NE. of Half- dnmken Djwns. JAUN, a dirtri(51 of Spain, extending 60 miles from N. to S. and nearly as much from E. to W. It was a kingdom in the time of the Moors, till annexed to liie crown of Caltile, and is now included in the government of Andahifii. It pro- duces excellent frm'ts and very fine lilk. Jaen, a city of AndnUifia, capital of a province ©f the fnne name. Lat. 37. 5-:. N. ion. 3. 40. \V. Jaffa, an ancient town of Alii, on the coaft of Paleltine, formerly called Jop- pa. The inhabitants are Tni ks or Ara!/-, with a mixture of Greeks, Maroiites, ph.! Armenians. Tiie honfcs are Iniall, ji.-I lurrounded with tlie ruins of. the ancient walls and towers. The ancient harbour is deftroyed, hut there is a good road. Here pilgrims, &c. pay for permiffion to vifit tlie Holy Land. The whole coaft, from hence to Damietta in Egypt, is dc- fert and wild, without a fingle port. It is 38 miles NW. of Jerufalem. Lat. 31. 45. N, Ion. 35. 55. E, JaknaPatan, a fea-port of Ceylon, at the N. end of th;it ifland, and 100 miles N of Candy. The Dutch export hence great quantities of tobacco, and fome ele- phants, which are accounted the moft do- cile of any in the world. Lat. 5. 47. N. Ion. 80. 45. E. Jagarnaut, a famous pagoda, in the penlnlida of Hindooftan, and circar of Ra- jamundry. It lies on the Bay of Bengal, clofe to the ftiore, and a few miles to the E. of the Lake Chilka. It is a ftiapelefs mafs of building, and no otherwile re- markable than as an excellent feamark,and as one of the firft objefts of Hindoo vene- ration, Lat. 19. 35. N. Inn. 85. 40. E. J AGERNDORF, a fortified town and pro- vince of Silefra, fubjeft to PrufTia. Jachire of the Carnatic, a tra£l of land, in the peninfida of Hindooftan, fubi?(51 to the Englifti Eaft India Company. It extends along the Bay of Bengal, from Madras to Lake Pullicate on the N. to Alen}pnrve en the S. and 'o Conjcveram on the W. being 108 miles along the fliore, and 47 inlan.l in the wideft part. The term Jaghire means a grant of land from the fovereign to a I'ubjeil, revokable at pleafure, but generally a life-rent. It contains 2440 I'quare miles, and it's reve- nue is about 150,000!. per annum. J AGO, St. a large river ot South Ame- rica, in Peru. It falls into tlie S, Sea, in lat. I. 20. N. after having watered a fer- tile country, abounding in cotton-trees, palms, bamboos, &c. J AGO, St. the largeft, moft populous, and fertile of the Cape de Verd Iliands, on the coaft of Africa. It lies 6 leagues weftward of the iftiud of Mayo, and is very high land ; and but for the coniinunl rains in the time of the travadoes, which render it unplealant, it would be as de- lightful an iiland as any in the world. The animals are, beeves, horfes, afles, mules, (leer, goats, hogs, civet-cats, and well propor;ioncd monkeys. They have a great variety of fowl, as well as Indian corn, pl:;ntains, bananas, pompions, oran- ges, Ituions, tamariiids, pine-apples, co- coa-nuts, guavas, tar, apples, and fagar- canes. They have alio fome cedar tiees, and plenty ot cotion. St. Jago, or Ribe- ira- Grande, in Port Praya Biy, is the ca- pital. Lat. 14. 5.1. N. Ion. 13. 30.. W. JagO, St. a confuhrable town of S. America, capital of Chili, Vi'ith a good V 3 harbour JAM harbour, and a royal aiiditncc. It is Icated in n beautitul and fertile plain, on the river Mapocho, which runs acrol's it Ironi E. to VV. ILie are fevcral canals, and a dyke, by nii.ai)s ot which they wa- ter the gardens and cool the llreets. It is l"uhit<5t to earthquakes. Lat. 34. 10. S. Ion. 71.5. W. Jago, St. the moft ancient town of Cuba, on the S. Ci aft, with a noble and connnodii'iis harbour. It is feattd at the bottoiri of a bay, on a river ot the Tame name Lit. zo. 15. N. Ion. 76. 40. W. Jaco-delos Cavallep.os, a prin- cipal town ot Si. Domingo, feattd on the iiva- Yague, in a fertile I'oil, but bad aii. Lat. 19. 40. N. Ion- 71. »o. W. Jago-del Entero, St. a town of Tucunnn. S. America, the ul'uai refidence of the inquifjtor ot the piovince. J AGO de-lasValles, St. a town of Mexico, leatcd on the river Panuco. Jaro de-la-Vega, St. or Spanish Town, a towji of the Ifland of J miaica, wlieie the aiTembly and the grand courts :ire held. !• is leated in a pleafant valley, on th.' Rio Cobre, and was once a popu- lous place, but is now reduced to a fmall compafs. Being an inland place, it's trade is fniall, but leveral wealthy people refide here, living in a gay manner. It is I'eated near the SE. part of the ifland, about 7 milts NW. of Port Pafl'age, on the Bay of Poit Royal. Lat, 18. 6. N. Ion. 76.49. W. J AG ODIN a, a town of Servia. Jaicza, a town of Bofnia, in Turkey. Jakutskoi. See Yakutsk. Jama, a fort and river in the govern- ment of Peierfburgh. Jamagorod, a town in the govern- ment of Pettr{burgh, feated on the river Jama, 12 miles NE. of Narva. Jamaica, an ifland of the W. Indies, dilcovered by Cluiftopher Columbus, in 1494, 37 miles S. of Cuba, and 50 W. of St. Domingo. It is about 120 miles in length, and 41 where bicadeft. It is of sn oval figuj-c, and grows narrower from tiie middlf, till it ierminatts in two points at the extiemities of the ifland. It con- tains bttwttn 4 and 5,ooO:OQO of acres, and is divided by a lidgs ot hills, which runs n-.avly from E.toW. from feato fea. Here abundance of fine rivers take their rife, and flow from both fides in gentle If reams, refrefliing the valleys as ihcy glide along, and furniihing the inhabitants with fwect and cool water. They are well ftored v.ith excellent fifti of various kinds, net known in Europe ; and they have eels and crawfifli in great plenty, not unlike ours. None of thefe rivers arc navigable. J A M even for barges ; but fome of them are fo large, that, the fugars are carried upon thtm in canoes from the remote planta- tions to the lea fide ; others of them run under ground for a confiderable fpace, particularly the Rio Cobie and the Rio.. Petha. The mountainK, and incited the greatcll part of the illaiid, are covered with woods, which never lofc their ver- dure, but look green at all times of the year; for here is a perennial fpring. There are a thouland ditTeient kinds of frees adorning the brow of every hill, irregular- ly mixing their different branches, appear- ing in g.iy confnhon, :md forming groves and cool retreats. Among thefe are the lig- num vit;e, the ccdai', and the mahogany trees. In the valleys are iiigar-canes, and fuch a variety of fruit-trees, as to make the country look like a paratiil'e. But to balance thefe advantages, there are diead- ful alligators in the rivers ; guianoes and galliwafps in the fens and marfties ; and fnakes, and noxious animals, in the moun- tains. The days and nights arc almoft of an equal length all the year round. There are two fprings, or feafons, for planting grain, and the year is diltinguifhed into two fea!"ons, the wet and the dry. July, Auguft, and September are called the hur- ricane months, becaufc then thele dreadful tempcfls are moft: frequent, and there is lightning almoft every night. Not above half of the iiland is cultivated, all the plantations being by the fea fide. Here and there are lavannas, or large plains, where the original natives ufed to plant their Indian corn, and which the Spaniards afterwards made ufe of tor bierding their cattle ; but thefe are now quite bare and barren. The houfes are generally built low, being oidy one ftory, on account of the hurricanes and earthquakes; and the negioes live in huts made of reeds, which hold only two or three perlons. The com- mon drink is Madeira wine, or rum punch. The common bread, or that which ferves for it, is plantains, yams, and cairava-roots. The yams are like potatoes, only coarfer, and of a much larger fize. But in 1793, a great number of the bread-fruit trees were brought here from the Ifland of Oia- hcite, by Captain Bbgh, in the Providence frigate. Hogs are plentiful, and their mutton and iamb pretty good ; but the fervants generally feed upon Irilh falt-bfct, and the negroes have henings and ialt- fifli. T'le current coin is all Spanifli mo- ney. The general produce of this ifland is I'ugnr, :um, ginger, cotton, indigo, pi- mento, chocolate, fcveral kinds of woods and medicinal drugs. They have fon',e tobacco. J AM tobacco, which is but indifferent, and uftd only by the negroes. They have no forts of European grain ; but they iiave Indian corn, Guinea corn, and peale of various kimls, but none like ours, with variety of roots. Fruits are in great plenty, fuch as Seville and China oranges, common and Aveet lemons, fliadocks, citrons, pomegra- nates, mammes, fourlbps, papas, pine ap- ple?, ftar apples, prickly pears, alicada pc-ars, melons, pompions, guavas, and many otiier forts. The common diftem- pers are, fevers, fluxes, and the dry gripes. Jamaica is divided into 3 counties, Mid- cllefex, Surry, and Cornwall, in v/hich aie 6 towns and ?7 villages. The legiilature conlilts of a govern;>r, appointed by thj king; a council; and houle of aflembly. In 1787, the number of negroes amounted to 250,000, the whites to 30,000, the freed negroes and people of colour to 10,000, and the Maroons (who have been Imce traiifported to Nova Scotia) to 1400. In the fame year, the exports amounted, in the whole, to the ium of 2,136,4421. 17s. 3d. sterling, at the current London prices, and the imports to the fum of i,49f),23al. 5s. 4d. The principal town is Kinglton ; but St. Jago-de-la-Vega, or Spaniih Town, is the feat of government. In 1655, Jamaica was taken fiom the S laniards by the Englifli, under Penn and Venables. Jam AM A, or Imam, a town of Arabia, in the province of Ncdsjed. Jambi, a feaport and fmall kingdom on the ealtern coaft of the Ifland of Suma- tia. The Dutch have a fettlement here ; and .export pepper hence, with the beft fort of canes, Lat. o. 59. S. Ion. 102. 35. E. James Island, an ifland of Africa, 30 miles up the river Gambia, in the nwddle ot the river, and 3 miles from it's neareft /"liore. On this ifland, which is about a mile in ciicuniference, the Englifli have a confideraliie faiSiory. Lat. 13, i^. N. Ion. 16. o. W. James Island, an ifland in Afliley River, 3 miles S. of Charlellown, in S. Carolina. It contains about 50 families. James River, a fine river of N. Ame- rica, which rifes in the Allegany moun- tains, and pafling through Virginia, en- ters tiie Bay of Chefapeak, near it's mouth. James, St. an hofpital and burying- ground, near Bifil, in Swifferland. James, St. Kent, in Greane Kle, op- polite Slieernefs, James, St. near North- .■impton. James, St. Suffolk, NW. of H-.dcfwortii. Jamks Town, a town of N. America, Oijce the capital of Virginia, C^uated on JAP James River, 41 miles above it's month, Lat. 37. 10. N. Ion. 76. 50. W. James Town, a town of Leitrim, Connaught ; 5 miles SE. of Carrick-on- Shannon, and 73 NW. of Dublin. James Well, in Sligo, Connaught. Jamets, a town in the dept. sf Meufe, 9 niiles SE. of Steway. Jamtland, a province of Sweden, W. of Angermania, and bordering on Nor- way, It is above 70 miles in length, and 60 in breadth, and is very thinly inha- bited. Janeiro. See Rio Janiero. Janna, a territory of Turkey, in Eu- rope, the ThellMia of the ancients. It is bounded by Livadia on the S. Albania on the W. and the Archipelago on the E. LarifTa is the capital. Janna, or J an n in a, a conllderable town of Thelfily. Janowitz, a town of Kaurzim, Bo- hemia. Janus, Cornwall, nearTregony. Japan Islands, a large country of Alia, fuuated to the eallward of China, Corea, and Tartary. It confilfs of 3 large illands, the names of whicii are Niphon, or Xiphon, Ximo, antl Xikoko, and i'eve- ral fmallcr ones. The whole empire is divided into 7 principal countries, which are fubdividtd into 70 provinces. It is the richeft country in the world for gold, and the air and water are very good. It produces a great deal of rice, millet, wheat, and barley. Cedars arc common, and fo large, that they are proper for the mafts of ihips, and columns for temples. Both their porcelain and japan are much better than thofe articles are in China ; they have alfo filk, (kins, and red pearls, which are not in lefs efteem than the white. Their horfes, though extremely fmall, are very beautiful, and highly valued; and they have an art of tempering Heel beyond any other nation in the world. They have, tea of all forts much finer, and better. cured than that of China. The inhabit- ants are very ingenious, and their manners, are, in many relpe6ts diametrically oppo- fite to thole of the Europeans. Our com- mon drinks are cold, and theirs are all hot ; the Europeans uncover the head out of refpeft, and they the feet ; we are fond of white teeth, and th.ey of black ; we get on horfcback on the left fide, and they on the right ; and they have a language fo peculiar, that it is underftood by no other nation. The .xicnces are highly ef- teemed among them, and they have fcvcral fchools at difftrcnt places. Thofe they Itudy mod are arithmetic, rhetoric, poetry, U '1- hiftuiy. JAP Vi'ftory, and aftrononiy. Some of ihcit f iiools at Meaco have each 3 or 4000 fcho- iars. Tlicy treat the women with great fe- verity, and punifii adultery with death ; yet a man may take as many wives as he pleafcs. The Jnpanefe formerly carried on a trade with the neighbouring countries ; but now all communication with others is forbidden, except the Chinefe, Coreans, the country of Jcdfo, and with the Dutch. Fornurly their ensperors were alio fove- reign pontifFs, and in the minority of one of thein, when they had civil wars, onsuf the competitors oi the crown afTumed the ecclefiallical government, retaining the ancient title of Dairo, or Emperor ; wiiile the other, who ruled in civil affairs, was called Cube ; and things have remained on the fame footing to this day. The Dairo js, at prefeiit, the nominal emperor, and confer^ the dignity upon the other, as if he were his vafTal. He refides at Meaco, and has no lands : but he has a right of felling titles and dignities j and the ido- latrous priefts make great contributions. Hi wears a black habit, and a cap upon his head. His feet mu(t never touch the ground, nor rnuft he ever be cxpofed to the rays of the fun. He never cuts his hair, nor his beard, nor his nails ; and all his vi(5>uals muft be d;eft in new vefTels. When he goes abroad, he is carried by 14. men in a litter, furrouiided with curtains, fo that he may fee, and not be feen. He has generally 12 wives, who have each a palace, with finging and dancing women for his diver/ion. He has alfo an unlimit- ed number of concubines. His palace is adorned with 365 idols. The Cube, how- ever, is the rwul emperor, and bears an ab- fohite dominion over all civil and military affairs throughout the empire. The D;i- iro, therefore, may he confidered as only tht'higli prieft, while the Cubo is now the veal monarch of Japan. The religion of the wiiole country is Paganifm ; but there are two difftrent feffs ; one of which is fubjt^led to the moft painful feverities; the other abandons itfelf to the moft vo- luptuous enjoyments. There were once a great number of Chrifllans, profclytcs to tlie Jcfuit miflionaries, in different parts of the empire i but, in 1622, they under- went great perfccu;ions, infomuch that they were, at l-ngth, all rooted out. The caufe cf this was the oppofition of the pi iefts ; the haughty behaviour of the Poi- tugjefc, they tiot allowin* feveral wives ; and the perluafions of the Dutch, who told them, that their cniptror would become a ilave to the Pope, and to the king of SpJii). Thu emperor of Japan isjnoiiarch J A S paramount, and all the petty kings are hit vafTals. His army generally confifts of J 00,000 foot, and 20,000 horfe, exciufive of thofe maintained by his valTals. Mis or- dinary revenue is imnicnfe. The palace of the emperor is at J-ddo, in the ifland of Niphon, and it is the capita! of the whole. The only Europeans that trade with J.ipan are the Dutch; and whenever their (liips arrive, they take av/:iy their guns, fails, and helm.s, and carry them on fhore, till they are ready to return back. In the ahfence of the fhips, the failors are fliut up in a fmall penlufula, and are not fufFcred fo much as to have a lighted can- die in their hoults in the night time. The merchandife whicii the Dutcli carry to Ja- pan are fpices, fugar, f:lks, linen and woollen cloths, eltpliants' teeth, haber- dafliery wares, raw hides, drugs, and gialTcsof all forts; for which (hey receive gold, filver, copper, iron, and fteel ; porce- lain, japanned and lackered wares, furs, tea, precious Itones, ambergris, and me- dicinal herbs. The Japanelc hsve neither tables, beds, nor chairs, but they fit and lie on carpets and mats, in the manner of the Turks. Japara, a town of Java, feated on the N. coafl, with a good harbour. It was the capital of a confiderable kingdom, till the Dutch made themltlves mafters of it ; and now they have a colony here, and a confi- derable trade. It is 200 miles E. of Ba- tavia. Lat. 6. 35. S. Ion. 111. 5. E. Jargeau, an ancient town in the dept. of Loiref, 10 milts SE. of Orleans. Jarislau. See Yaroslaf. Jar N AC, a town in the dtpt. of Cha- renre, feated on the river Charente, and 14. miles W. of Angoulefme. Jaro.mitz, a town of Koningrat?, Bohemia. Jaroslaw, a town of Lemburg, in Audrian Poland, itmarkable for it's great fair, and Il's handfome buildings. It is (eatcd on the river Saine, 44. miles nearly W. of Lemburg. y^rrOTy, Durham, near Shields. Jasenitz, a town of Prulfian Pome- rania. Jafper's Pound, in CUre, Munftcr. J.iSCJtTE, a ica-port of Perfia, in the Gulf of Onnus. Lat. 25. 56. N. Ion. 57- 4-9- K- Jasselmere, a tosvn and territory of Hindoolian, lubjtft to a petty rajah, in the province of Agimcie. It is 60 miles NNW. of Bickaneer. Lat. 27. 34. N. Ion. 73. o. E. Jassy, a city of Turkey, felted on a branch of tiie river Piulh. It is the ca- pital J A V pital of Moldavia, and refidence of tlie hofpodar of that country, who is vafTal of the grand fignior. Lat. 47. 8. N. Ion. 27- 35- E. Jats, The, once a powerful tribe in Hindooftan, to whom, all that now re- mains is the fmal! territory of Bhartpour, 45 miles W. of Agra. Jauer, a town and principality of Si- lefia. Java, an ifland in the Eaftern Indian Ocean, generally known by the name of Great Java, to diftlngnifti it from Bali, by fome named the LefTer Java; and is upwards of 600 miles in length, and from Co to 80 in breadth. The N. coalt has a great many commodious creeks, bays, harbours, and towns, with many little iflands near the Ihore. In former times, it had as many petty kings as there were large towns; but now it has two king- doms only; one of which is under the ju- rilciiftion of the king of Mataram, and the other under the king of Bantam, The inhabitants are of a brown complexion, have faces rather flat, fiiort coal-black hair, large eye-brows, and large chteks, with fmall eyes. Tiie men are very ro- buft and ftrong iiinhed ; but the women arc fmall. Tlie men wear a piece of ca- lico wrapt two or three times round rheir middle; and the women wear them from their arm pits down to t'.ieir knees ; but all other parts are bare. Tiiofe living near t!ie lea fide are generally Mahomet- ans; but witliin land they are Gsntoos, abftaining from flc(h of all kinds. It is a fertile iflvind, proiiucing fugar and the various tropical fruits ; and it has very hlgii mountains. It has likewife Iinj>afl"- able forefts and wildernelTes ; but the N, between Bitavia and Bantam, is a very populous country, full of rice-fields, and various lorts of wild and tame animals. Here alio is plenty of fait, pepper, cafTia, wood ul'tful for building, gum benzoin, &c. befide flowering trees and rtirubs, and niolf forts of fruits proper to the climate. They have alio hogs, beeves, and fluep, with other tame creatures ; and liktwile fowl, both wild and tame, in great abun- dance, among which are beautiful parro- quets, peacocks of an exlraordinary fize, Bantam fowls, &c. In the woods aie large tigers, rhinocerofes, and feveial other animals unknown in Europe; and in the rivers are crocodiles. Tiie air is as temperate and healthy as any part of the Ealt Indies. The rains, which begin in November, lay the low grounds under water, kill the infefls, and continue till the return of May. The coafls of the I C E ifland are moftly under the dominion of the Dutch. Befide the native Javanefe, here are Chinele, Mnlayans, Amboyncfe, Topaffes, EugafTes, Tinioreans, andmany other people, brought from diltant coun- tries by the D;itch. Jav» les to the SE. of the Ifhnd of Sumatra, from which it is only feparated by the S raits of Sunda. Lat. 5. 45. to 7. 50, S. Ion. 104, 20. to J14. 15. E. Jaypour, a town of Orifla, in Hin- doolfan. Ibber, a river in Derhyf. running into the Rother at Chefterfieid. lbhcrlo>h Jiot. fetfliire, N. of Helton. Ihbeflry, Hants, N. of Ringwood. Ibernon, S'ltiex, N. of Petworth. Iberton, Dorlttihirf, near Ax- minfter. Ible, Derbyfljire, NW. of WirkC- worth. Ieorg, or Iburg, a town of Wcft- phalia, in the bifliopiic of Ofnaburg. Ibjhck, LeiceC. W. of Budon-Hiils; Lromb, Worcefterf. a pariOi SE. of thi city of Worceder, infuhucd in Ghnicef. tt-rlhire. It is 2 miles from Stcw-in-the- Would. Ic£, Valley OF. See GLACiERf, Iceland, a large illand to the N. of Europe, about 600 miles in length, and 300 in breadth. For two months toge- ther the Am never fets ; and in the win- ter it never riles for the lame fpace, at leaft not entirely. The middle of this iliand is mountainous, ftony, and barren; but in fome places there wrc excellent paf^ tures, and the grafs has a fine Imell. The ice, which gctj. loofc from tlie more north- ern country in May, brings with it a large quantity of wood, and fcveral ani- mals, fiich as foxes, wolves, and bears. Mount Hccia is che moft noted mountain, and is a volcano, which liumetimes throws out fulphureous torreius. Theii hoults are fcatttred ab;;ut at a dillance froin each other, and many of them are deep in the ground, but they are muftly mifcrahle huts, covered with (kins. Many of the nitivts profels Ghriftiaiiity ; but thofe that live at a diilance aic Pigans. Some of them are clotlied with Ikins of beafts. The exports are dried fifli, laltcu mut- ton, beef, butter, train oil, tallow, coarfe and fine jackets of Wadmal, wool- len (lockings ami gloves, red wool, flieep fkins, fca-horJcs' ireth, fox tails of feve- ral colours, leathers, and quills. The imports are iron, horlcs flues, timber, meal, wine, brandy, tobacco, coarfe li- nen, and domeftic utenfils. The number of inhabitants is ;ibout 50,000. Their language is the old Runic, or Gothic, the vernacular tongue of the S•.veJ^s, Danes, i anid J E A anJ Norwepians, before it branched into the ftvcral dialciJis fince rpoktii hy the lu- rivts of ihefc ihicc kingdoins. L:it. 63. 15. to (>7. 15. N. Ion. j6. to 25. W. hhenor, EnJ} and //-''//, SmAcx, E. of Thorncy Ifli'. Ichtu,'!!, Bcdf. Idhrroxv, Norf. on Maidinlode river, N. of Down- han). Ickcnham, Middl. near Uxbridtre. trkejkam^ Snircv, ncnr Winclielfen. Jck- ford, Bncks.NW. of Tftme. lc], near the S\V. point of tile Ille of Mull. If is about 3 miles long and 1 broad, and coiKains one poor village, with the ruins of an an- cient moraftery and catliedral. Hi-re are three royal chapeis, or rather cemeteries, in which fcvera) ancient kings of Scot- Jand, Iiehnd, and Norway are bniieil. Icambe, Gloiicef. 2, miles SE. of Stow. Ida, Mount. Soe Candia. Ida, a ni;)unt3'n of ancitni Phryc^ia. Idanha-a-Nueva, and Idanha-a- Velha, towns of Beira. Idhury, Oxf. SW. of Chippinr^-Nor- ton. iddcfuigh, Devonf. NE. of Hather- ley. Idd Hill, Kent, S. of Sevenoaks. Ucn, SufTex, S, of Oxncy IP.and. Idepy, or Afoley Hay, Derbyf. near Wirkfworth. Idford, Devonf. near Chudleigb. Idle, Yorki. N. of Bradford. Idle, a river in Nottinghamf. rifing in Sherwood-Foreft, and falling into the Trent, on the edge of Vorkfiiircand Lincolnfliire, Jdlecot, War- x^ick/Viire, between Shipllon and King- ton. IJmerJion, Wiltlhire, S. of Ambref- Ibmy. Jdo'ver Bridge, Wilt (hire, SE. of Malnifbiirv. I»r1a, a town of Goritz, Carniola, ce- Itb^ated for it's mines of quickfilver. Idstun, a town of NalTau-Wcilburg, Upper Rhine. Idjlotk, Somerfetfh. N. of Bridgewater. Jean, St. a town in the dept. of Mo- /elle, feated on the river Sare, ii miles W. of Deux-Ponts. Jean d'Angely, a town in the dept. cf Lower Charente. It is noted for it's brandy, and is feated on the river Boii- tonne, on which are two powder-mills ; 15 miles NE. of Saintes, and 14- nearly E. of Rochfort. Lat. 4-5. 55. N, Ion. o. 20. W. jEANDF.LofiE, St. a town in the es, towers, and baftions. Where tlie emperor refides are three tov.'crs, nine ifories high, each covered with plates of gold J and the hall of audience is iupport- ed by pillai-s of maffy gold. Near tlie pa- lace are fcvcral othcrSi where the relations of JER ef the emperor live. The emprefs has a palace of her own, and there are zo fmall ones for tlie concubines. Befidcs, all tiie vaffitl kings have each a palace in the city, with a hsncllbme garden, and (tables for sooo horfes. Tiie generality of the houfcs are nothing but a ground floor, and rooms are parted by folding Icreens: lb tliat they can make the rooms larger or fmaller at pleaiure. Jeddo is leated in a plain, at the bottom of an extenfive gulf ©r bay ; and the river, which croffes it, is divided into I'everal canals. Lat. 35. 46. N. Ion. 139. 30. E. Jkhud, or JoUD, inoiintains in the NW. part of Hindoolian Proper, extend- ing frona Attock, eaftward to Bembtr. They are part of the teiritc: y of the moun- taineers, called Gickers, Gtkers, or Ka- kaers. JtKYL, a Tmall ifland at the mouth of the livr Alatamaha, in Georgia, North America. Jemafpe. See Gemappe. Remington, Siiffex, VV, of Peveufey. JeMPTERLAND. SeejAMTLAND. Jena, a town of Eifenach, Upper Sax- ony, with an imiverlity, near the Saale. Jenaub. Sec Chunaub. Jenisa. See Yenisei. Jhniskoi. Sec Yeniseisk. Jenkins, ElTex, near Dagenham. Jen- kins, EiTex, N. of Tilbury. Jemo, or Geno, a town of Hungary. Jerby, an ancient town of Cumber- land, E. of the road between Cocker- mouth and Wigton, and near tlie iource of the river Elen. It is lo miles NE. of Cockcrmouth, and 299 NNW. of Lon- don. Market on Thurfday. jerhy, Chefliire, between the Dee and Mcriey. Jericho, an ancient town of Paleftine, celebrated formerly for the great number of palm-trees growing near it, and there- fore called the City of Palm Trees. At prcfent, it is only a I'quare tower, fur- rounded with huts or tents of the Ara- bians. Many palm-trees are yet growing here. Jermah, a town of Africa, jn the kingdom of Fezzan, faid to confift of clay-built cottages, among the moft ma- jeftic ruins of ancient magnificence. Jerpointy in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Jersey, an illand in theEnglifh Chan- nel, 18 miles from the coall of the dcpt. of the Channel, and 84 S. of Portland in Dorfetlhire, fubjeft to the Engiifh. It is about 11 miles long and 6 broad, and is diflicult of accefs, on account of the rocks Sindf-iiids, It contains 11 pari(i»«s; the J ER principal towns are St. Helier, in the S. part of the ifland, and St. Aubfi)m, fimilar to that of Harrowgate in 7ork(hire. Jever, a town of Weftphalia, capital of Jcverland, fubjccl to the prince of An- hait-Zerbft. Je-uiugton, Suffcx, near Eaft Bourne. Jew, Market. See Merazion. Jf, an illand of France, the molt tafter- Iv of the 3 at the entranre of the port of Marieiiles ; it is well fortified, and fur- riflied with a garrifon. Iffsrd, Hampfh. W. of Chrlftchurch. Ifielt, Kint, SE. of Gravelend. IJieLi, SulTex, N. of Horfham. Ifield, Suflex, N. of Lewes. 7/7(f)', near Oxford. IfordySni'- fex, SW. ot Lewes. IforJ, Wilts, near Bradford. Igktham, Kent, SW, of Wrotham. Igis, a town of the Grifons, with a magnificent cattle, in which is a cabinet of curiofities, and a handfome library. Ir.LAU, a confiderable town and circle of Moravia. Isi.esias, a town In the S. of Sardinia. JiONPOUR, a fmall city of Hindooftan Piopcr, capital of a cucar of the i>.ni« I L F name, in the dlftriit of Benaren. It ii feated on the river Goomy, nnd was, at one time, the feat of an empire. Chaja Jehan, vizier to Sulfan Mahummud Shah, ^ feveral deep caverns, flielving cliii'i, and towering rocks. Jiirfj, IJle, or Inis Curcey, is properly a peninCula, in Down, Ulfter, 74. miles frorn Dublin, hicheqiiin, or O'^tin^s IJland, in Coik, Munlter, SW. of Youghal. hi- chigcc'lagk, in Cork, Munfter. If is a (mail village litiiated in the midft of mountains, rear the Lakes, or Loughs Allua and Gougaiibaira, 6 miles SW. ot Macroomp, and 14.8 from Dublin. Uchtnarhock, a beautiful little ifland, SW. of Bute, on the W coaft of Scotland. India, an extenfive region in Afia, wWch lies between 66 and 108 deg. E. Ion. and 8 and 36 deg. N. lar. Under this name is generally underftocd all the coun- tries which lie S. of Tartary, and extend from the eadern frontiers of Pcriia to the weflern coafts ot China, divided into India within, and India without, the Ganges. The moderns have likewifeincluded, un- der the denomination of the Eaft Indies, the iflands of Japan, with all the iflands in the EalU-rn and Indian Oceans, nearly as far as New Holland and New Guinea. But the name of India is moft fiequently applied to that country only, which isdif- tinguidicd in Alia, as well as in Europe, by the name of Hindooftan. See HiN- uoostan. Indies, West, the name given to a great number of iflands iw the Atlantic Ocean, which extend from the NW. ex- tremity of tlic Bahama Iflands, off tht* coaft of Florida, in lat. 27. 45. N. in a lbuth-e,*fterly direi5\ion to the Ifland of Tobago, whic'i is lio miles from the 3 I N D coaft of Tcrra-Firma, in t r deg. 30 min. N* lat. They lie between 59 and 86 deg. W. Ion. Cuba being the molt wcftern, and Barbailoes the moft eaftern of all thefe iflands. WhenChriftopher Columbus iif- covered them in 1492, he confidered them as part of thole vaft regions in Alia, com- prehended under the general name of In- dia, to reach which, by a courle due W. acrols the Atlantic Ocean, had been the grand object of his voyage ; and this opi- nion was fo general, that Ferdinand and Ifabella, king and queenof Cartile, in tlieir ratification of their agreement, granted to Columbus, upon his return, gave them alio the name of Indies. Even after the error which gave rife to this opinion was detect- ed, and the true pjfition of the New World was afcertaincd, the name ha« re- mained, and the appellation of the IVcJl Indies is ftill given to thefe iflands, and that of Indians to the inhabitants, not on- ly of the iflands, bur of the two continents of America. They are likewilij called the Caribbee Iflands, from the aborigines of the country, and the lea in which they lie, is fbmetimes called, by modern geo- graphers, the Archipelago of the Carib- bees. By the French, they are called the Greater and Lef's Antilles ; and nautical men diftinguilh them, from the different courfes taken by (hips, into the Leeward and Windward Iflands. The name of the Caribbees fliould properly be confined to the fmalier iflands, which lie between Porto Rico and Tobago. Thefe were in- habited by the Caribbees, a hardy race of men, nowife refembling their feeble and timid neighbours in the larger iflands. Even in later times, they have made a ftout refiftance in defence of the laft territory (the Ifland of St. Vincent) which the ra- pacity of their invaders had left in their pofleflion. The reader will find moft of thel'e iflands treated of leparately. Indians of North and South Ame- rica, the original natives of tlwfe two vail continents. Of the manners of the North American Indians, the reader may have a general idea, by an account of thofe who inhabit the countries to the E. of the river MiflTiiJippi. Thefe confift of 3.8 different na- tions ; the principal of which arc the Che- rokees, the Chicalaws, the Cho<5laws, the Creeks, the Delawaies, the fix Nations, the Shawanefe, the Hurons, the Illinois, &c. Allowing about 700 to a nation or tribe, they will contain, in all 20,000 peo- ple. The Indians are not born white j and take a gieat deal of pains to darken their complexion, by anoiiiting themfclves vf'ith greafe, and i}irig in the fun. They alfc lyCrrancois S^'\rago ^\ tuanal. (2 Cctu^^^ ofSarruma fiHE VlRGOv I S'. Eustatia Jru. . ^s^ ChrLftopher s E. SEA J- F. , £erhu ly* Lbe I S L J. A^J> S L^EWAHj) 'v- j Orualn:. Curacao Du F! TSJE ^ tj Barbafloesi'. S'. \5iicent £ B Jindoe TowJI^ I SZ^ iTZ) 5 ^V^.^^'-^'H' *^ ^» .•*; •ji'l ^<>T^-FCT-<:J&3'ariS Granada Z Z AB?^«nu^^ a.r, ^^ I N D alfo paint their face, b>eafts, and flioiilders tit various colours, but gtnerally rtd ; and their ftattires are neat, elpecialiy rhole of the women. Tlitv are ot a middle Itature, their limbs clean ajul Itralght, and I'carce- ly any crooked or di.tcrmed pi^rlon is to be found among them. In many parts of their bodies they tatoo themil-lves, or prick in gunpowder in very pretty figures. Some (have, or pluck the hair off their beads, except a patch about the crown, which is ornamented with beautiful fea- thers, beads, wampum, and fuch like bau- bles : and except the head and eyebrows, they pluck the hair with great diligence, from all parts of the body- Their ears are pared and (Iretched in a thong down to their (lioulders. They arc wound round vvith wire to expand them, and adornetl with filver praoants, rings, and bells, which they likewife wear in their nofes. Some of them vv-ijl have a large feather tlirough the cartilage of the nole j and thofe who can afford it, wear a collar of wampum, a fdver brealtplate, and brace- lets on tlie arms and wrills. A bit of cloth about the middle, a (liirt of the Eng- lish m.ike, on which they beftow innu- merable broaches to adorn it, a fort of cloth boot and loockafoni, which are I'hoes cl a make peculiar to the Indians, orna- mented v/ith porcupine quills, with a blan- ket or match-coat thiuwn over all, com- plete their dreCs at home; but when they goon expeditions, ihcy leave their trinkets behind, and mere neccfiaries ferve them. Theie is little difference between the dreis of the men and women, excepting that a fhort petticoat, and the hair, which is ex- cee;x, NK. uf Tilbury Fort, different from tlie Fins of Caielii, as to lugam, Kle of Wight, in E, Medina ■ • ■ Ingarjij, Lcicffter/hirc-, near Billdon. In gate, Suffolk, near Bcccles • Ingatestone, a town in Ertex, on the road from London t<^ Harwicii. It confifts of one ftreet, and is 6 miles bVV, of Clielnistord, and 23 NE. of London. M irket on Wednefday. their language ani manners, Tliey were called Ifchortzi, from the river Ilchora, which runs into the Neva. Injuria did not letain it's ancient SA^edifti privileges; on tlie contrary, Peter made a prefen't of one part of the Jlchortzi to certain Ruifian nobles 5 who, on their fide, were obliged to peo])ic the lefs cultivated cantons of In- liig jurch-xorth, Y vrkL W.of Barnelley. gria, with colonies of Ruffians from their Jn-^e, t///>^r and Lon^ser, Warw. N. of eftates ; and thence it is, that wc often fee S;r?.tfoid-upon-Avon. hige Abbot and aviiiageofRuirians furrounded by villnfres Hoj'pit^l, ElYtx, both SE. of Chelni-sfbid. Jjige, Margaret, ElTcx, SVV. , of Chelms- ford. Lige, Mouniney, ElTcx, near BiUe- ricay. Ingelheim Ob2r and Ingelheim ot Finns. Before the conqueft of this coun- try, the Ingriins had Lutheran preachers for every canton; but numbers of them h;ive finte conlormed to the profeffion of the Greek faith. The country abounds NiDHR, two towns in the palatinate of with varioua wild animals, particularly the Rliine, circle of Lower Rhine Ingerky, Devon!". S, of Hatherlcy. In- gerthorp, Yorki", S. of Rippon. Ingejlre, 2 milesNE. of Str-ft'ord. Ingham, 'Linco\x\{'. y W. of Market Raifin, Ingham, Norfolk, near Hickling. Ingham, Suffolk, N. of Bury. Ingleborne, Dcvonf. in H.irburtcn parifh. higleboro-w-HiU, Yorkftuie, near Ingleton. Inglely, on the Soar, S. of Derby. Ingltly, NW. of Lincoln. In- rein-deer. Ings, Weftm. 5 miles NW. of Kendal. Ingft, Glouc. a hamlet in Olvefton parifh. /y;^//j5r/, Rutland/hire, in Tinwell parifh. Jngushi, See Kisti. Ing-worth, Norfolk, W. of Alefliam. *Inistioge, a town of Kilkenny, Leinfter, 63 miles from Dublin. Inkbarrovu, Worcefterlhire, W, of Aul- ceUer. Inker/ell, DerbyQiire, near Bolfo- gleby Arncliff, higleby Barzuick, Ingleby ver. ///;t/, Lancashire, S. of Garftang. Inhjionty all SE. of Stokefley. higUfiomb, Somerf. Herefordfliire, on the Wye, N. of Rofs. SW, of Bath. Inglejlmm, Berks, W. of ' Inn, a river of Germany, whlcii riies Faringdon. Inglejham, \Yi\iih\rf:, S. of in the country of the Grifons, and pafiirg Leclilade. Inglejihorp, Norfolk, W. of tlirough Tirol and Bavaria, falls into the Shanburn. /«^/f/o«, Durham, E. of Raby- Danube near Paflaw : a Ifo a river of the Caftle. Ingleton, \lt\xi. n^L'iv x\\^Ficomt%. Archduchy of Auftria. Ingletony Yorkf. W. Riding, 8 miles N W, _ I N N aco N da, a fortrefs of Hindooftan, ol Settle. IngleTi-hiU, Lane. Ingrnanihorp, in the GuntoorCircar,fubje6l totheNizam Yorkf. NE. cf Wethtrby. Ingo, North- of the Deccan. It is 87 miles SSE. of umb. between Cholltrton and Stannington. Hydrabad. Jngcld/nels, Line. N. of Wainfleet. In- hinerkeithing, z v'lWzgt oi tht county oi goldmels Tkidthorp, SW, of Ingoldmels. Peebles, on the N. fideof the river Tweed, iNGOLDSTADT.ailrong town ofBava- near .vhich is an excellent medicinal fpring, ria, %vith an univerfity, founded in 1472. rifing into celebrity. It is ftated on the Dmube, 5 miles NE. of hijiijhofin, an illand on the W. coaft of .Newberg, and 38 N. by W. of Munich. Mayo, Connaught, 3 leagues from the Lat. 4.8'. 46. N. Ion. II. 10. E. mainland. Lat. 55. 31. N. Ion. 10. 25. J«j-mA«, Northumb. \V. of Alnwick. VV. Jz/wz/carra, in Cork, Munller. In- Ingria, a province of the Ruffian em- nifdoghran, an iliand in Lough Rcc, in plre, which now forms the government of tl.e river Shannon, between Well Meath of St. Peterlbuigh. It is bounded on and Rofconimon. Inmsfallcn, :xn\'A',inA \n the N. by the river Neva and the Gulf of the Lake of Killarney, cont.nining about Finland, on the E. and S. by the govern- 12 acres, agreeably wooiied. hinis-Murra ment of Novogorod and that of Pkfko'v, and on the W. by the Gulf of Finland and the governments of Elthonia and Riga. It is about 130 miles long and 50 broad. The Czar Peter the Great wrefted it from the Swedes, and it was contirmed to him Ijland, off the coaft of Siigo, Connauglit. Innishannon, a town of Cork, in Munller, featedon the river Bandon, which is navigable to Collier's Quay, half a mile below tl.e town. The linen manufafture is commenced here. It is 6 miles from by the treaty of Nylladt in 1721. At Kinlale, and 13+ from Dublin, this time, the inhabitants ot the flat ImijUrkan, an ifland, between Cape 1 Citi.^r I N V Clear IflaiK? and Baltimore Bay> in Cork, Munfter. Innifieane, in Cork, Munller, 144 .miles from Dublin. It is a Tmall vil- lage, with a good weekly market. Inniskilling. Set Enniskillen. hmijlouv.agh , in Watertord, Munlter. Inmjlory, i. e. "the High Ijl and, 8 miles from the NW. coa.t of Donegal, LTlfter. Innijlurh, an iflsHcl, contiguous to that of Innis Claire, at the entrance ofClew Biy, on the coaft of Mayo, Connaught. Innif- tymond^ in Clare, Munfter, 1 18 miles from Dublin. Innthal, a diftrifl of Tirol, watered by the Inn. Infpruck is the capital. /«;/>• Ri'-vsr, in Kerry, Munller. INOW1LADI5.LOW, or InOWLOCZAW, a town of Wladiilaw, Poland. Inspruck, a town of Germany, capi- tal of the Tyrolel'e. It is very populous, and is feated in a pleafant valley, on the river Inn, 60 miles S. of Munich. Lat. 4.7. 10. N. Ion. 11. 27. E. Instaut. See Passau. Injlo-oj, Devonf. near Biddiford, at the conflux of the Taw and Towridge. hif- ivork, Devonf. a peninfula at Nlilbrook Townfend. Intvjood. S. of Norwich. In^jer, in Donegal, Ullier. * Inverary, a town in Argylefhire, feared on the NW. fuie of Loch Fyne, near which is a callle, the feit of the Dnke of Argyle. Here are manufaftures of linen and woollen, as alio cor.fideiable iron- works. It is 75 miles NW. of Edinburgh, and 45 NW. of Glafgow. Inverbervie. See Bervie. In%!erejk, a village of Edinhurghfhire, on the E. fide of the mouth of the river Elk, near the Fiith of Forth. * Inverkeithixg, atosvn of FIfcfhire, in a bay of the Frith of Forth. It has a confiderable tiade in coal and other arti- cles j and is 18 miles NW. of Edinburgh. * Inverness, a town of Scotland, ca- pital of a county of the fame name, plea- I'antly fituated on the S. bank of the river Nefs, and overlooking the Frith of Mur- ray. It has a fafe and convenient har- bour, and a good deal of fhipping. Seve- ral large buildings have been erefted on the N. fide of the town, in which a confi- derable manufaftory of ropes and canvafs is carried on. It is a royal burgh, hold- ing it'3 firft charter from Malcom Can- more, and is a populous and flourifliing place. Over the river Nefs is a hanJ- fome bridge of feven arches. The falmon fiihery in this river is very confiderable, and is let to fome fifhmongers of London. A little to the W. of this town, is tlie re- markable vitrified fort, called Craig Pha- J o A drick ; the ftones, compofing it's walls, appear to have been partly melted by fire. Invernefs is 50 miles NE. of Fort Wil- liam, and 106 NNW. of Edinburgh. Lat, 57. 30. N. Ion. 4. 5. W. Inverness, the moft extenfive county of Scotland, bounded on the W. by the ocean ; on the N. by Rofsfhire j on the E. by the counties of Nairne, Murray, Aber- deen, and Perth ; and on tlie S. by tho'* of Perth and Argyle. It's extent from N. to S. is 45 miles ; and from E. to W. about 75. The northern part is very mountainous and ban en. The woody mountains are the h.iur.ts of ftags and loes. The capercailzie is alfo feen fometimes among the lofty pines 5 the heath is poi- fefled by wild fowl ; aiul the lofty fummits by ptarmigans and Alpine hares. This county has feveral contlderable lakes ; be- ing divided, in a manr.er, into two tqual parts, by Loch Nels, Loch Oich, Loch Lochy, and Loch Eil ; al! which might be united by a canal, 'hat would form a com- munication between the two feas. The great lakes in this ccunty are feldom or never known to freeze ; much lefs are the arms of the Tea, even in the moft northern jiarts of Scotland, lubjeft to be frozen ill the hardelt feafons ; while the Texcl, and many bays and great rivers in H Jland and Germany, are covered with ice. The Icuthem part of thertiire is alio very moun- tainous, and is fuppofed to be the moll elevated ground in Scotland. The exten- five plains which furrcund the hkes, are, ; in general, fertile; and the high grounds feed many flieep and black cattle, the rear- ing and felling of which is the chief trade of the inhabitants. Limeftone, iron ore, and fome traces of different minerals have been found in this county, with beautiful rock crylfals of various tints ; but no mines have been worked hitherto with much fuc- cefs. The principal river is the Spey; but there are many others of inferior no;e, as the Nefs, Fyers, Glafs, Lochy, Src, The people in the high parts of the coun- try, and on the weftern flic: c, fpeak Gaelic or Erie, but the people of fafhicn in Inver . nefs, and it's neighbourhood, ule the Eng- lilh language, and pronounce it with pro- priety. Inverury, a fmall town of Aberdeen- fiiire, lituated on the confluence of the ri- vers Don and Ury. It is 15 miles NW. of Aberdeen. Intvorth, Eflex, between Braxted and Mefling. liizaeres, D>)rfetfliire, in Burtoa parifli, near the river Bridy. Joachims-Thal, a town of EInbogen, Bohemia, celebrated for it's filver mines. X Z JOACHI.Vii- J AN JOACHIMSTHAI., a town in the Ucker- njark, Brandenburg^. Joanna. See Hinzuan. JOHANSEERG, a town of PrulTia ; and a town of Mcntz, L is very txtenfive, including the hannlets ot Upj)er and l,ower Holloway, Klngfland Green, and threefidesof Newington Green. Near the Mew River Head, is a noted Ipririg of chalybeate water, called New Tunbridge Wells. IjUp, Northampton- fliire, near Thraptton. Is tip, a town of Oxfordshire, 56 miles from London, noted for the birth and bap- tii'u) of Edward the Confeflbr. Ismail, a town of BefTarabia. It was taken by itorm by the Ruflians, under General Suwarrow, on the aid of Decem- ber 1790 ; and it is faid, that the long iifge and the capture, did not cod lefs than 10,000 men. The moft atrocious part of the tranfadion is, that the garrilbn (whofe iirmnef's would liave received, from a lefs tanguinarv foe, the higheft applaufe) were inalfacred by the mcicilefs conquerors, to the amount of, by their own account, 30,000 men; and tiic place was abandon- '^ to the fury of the brutal foldicry. If- mail is leafed on the N. fide of the Da- nube, 140 miles SW. of Ockzakovv. Lat. 4-5- Ji' N. Ion. 29. 30. E. 1 s K Y,an imperial town of Algau,Suabia. JsNic, a town of Natolia. It is the ancient Nice, famous for the firit general council held here in 325. There is now nothing remaining of it's ancient fplen- dor but an aqueduct. The inhabitants are moftly Jews, It is feated in a fertile country, on a lake which communicates Mi'ith the Sta of Mamora, and is 60 miles SE. of Conftantinople. Lat. 40. 13. N. Ion. 30. 9. E. IsoLA, a fea-port of Calabria Ultra; and a town of Terra di Lavora, both in Napie$ ! alfo 4 town of Iftria ; and a river of the Tyroleie. IsoKA, a town of Catalonia, Ispahan, a ctlebrated city of Afia, ca- pital of Pcrfia, feated in the province of Irac-Agemi, and thought by fome, to be the fineft city in the Ea(t. It {lands in the middle of ;i plain, furrounded on all fides by mountains, at 8 miles diilancc, which life gradually in the form of an amphithe- atre. There is no river except a Imall one, called Zcnderoud, which fupplies al- moft all the houl'es with water, and over which are feveral fine bridges. It is near- ly ot an oval form, with well-built houfes and flat roqis, oji wliich they walk, ea^. I s s and even fleep in the fummer-time, for the fake of the cool air. The walls are built of mud, and abotit 20 miles in conipafs, but being kept in no repair, and hitlden by the adjoining houfes and g;4rdens, they have but a mean appearance, and are hard- ly to be difcovercd. Here are a great number of magnificent p.dacts ; and that of the king is two miles and a half in cir- cumference. There are 160 mofqucs, 1 800 large caravanferas, above 260 pub- lic baths, a prodigious number ot cotfee- houfes, and very fine ftreets, in which are canals, planted with trees. The ftreets are not paved, but are generally free fron» dirt and duft, as the air here is vi-ry dry, apd every houfekeeper waters the ftrtet be- fore his own door twice a day. The inhabitants were formtrly compvfed at 1,000,000; but, what witli Inttftinc broils and civil wars, this kingdom has been al- ilioft torn to pieces, by which the principal towns are greatly depopulated. There are three laige fubuibs; that called Juifa, is inhabited by Armenians; Halenbnth, by (jeorgians; and Kebrabath by Pagans, Though it is at a diftance from the lea, it carries on a great trade, the people of fe- veral nations reforfing there for the fake of traffic. It is 265 miles NE. of Bufiarah, 300 S. of the Caipian Sea, and- 1400 SE. of Conftantinople. Lat. 32. 25. N. Ion, 52. 55. E. IssEL, or YssEL, and Issel, orYs- SEL, THE Little, two rivers of ths United Provinces. The former riles in Weftphalla, and falls into the Zuyder Zee, by two mouths, a little below Campen ; the latter waters YfTcKtcin, &c. and falls into the Maefe, a mile and a half abovu Rotterdam. IssELSTEiN, or Ysselstein, a town of Utrecht, with a fmail territory, feated on the IflTel. IjferkLlly, in Galway, Connaught, issEQuiBO, a flourlfhing fettlement of the Dutch, in Guiana, S. America, con- tiguous to that of Demerary, and S or lo miles W. of the town of Surinam. It is feated on the river liTtquibo, which is about 3 leagues wide at it's mouth. It has been twice taken by the Englifii ; 'n\ 1781, but reftored hy the treaty of peace, in 1783 ; and fince the commencement of the prcknt war : it ftill remains in their poflefllon. IssoiRE, an ancient town in the dept. of Puy de Don.;, near which are found amethylts, of as beautiful a colour as thofe of the Eaft, but not fo hard. Iflbiie is feated on tlie river Couze, near the Ailicrj J 5 miles SSE. of Cleimont, ISSOUDUN, I T A IssoUDUK, a town in the depart, of Indre, containing about 10,000 inhabit- ants. It's trade is in wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and (lockings. It is 17 miks SVV. oi^ Bourges, and 135 nearly S. of Paiis. IssuR-TiLLE, a town in the dept. of Cote d'Or, 9 miles N. of Dijon. Ijih-with, a river in Cardiganfliire. Ij}- ing-Ebourn, SiifTcx, NVV. ot IVIidliurit. Iflrad, a river in Dcnbighfliire. IsTRiA, a peninfula of Iialy, lying on the N. part ot the Adriatic, long divided between Auftria and tlie republic of Ve- nice. The air is unwholelbme, eCpecially near the coaft; but the Ibil produces plenty of wine, oil, and paftures ; thei-e are alio quarries of fine marble. That part of it which lately belonged to the Venetians, is now nio(Hy annexed to the houfe of Au- liria. Capo d'lilria was the capital. Ijvj'ick, Lancaftiire, ia Amoundernefs, N, of Kirlchain. Italv, one of the fined and moft cele- brated countries of Europe, extending from NW. to SE. nearly 700 miles. On the N. and NW. it is bounded by France, SwilTerland, and Germany; on the £. by Carniola and the Adriatic; and on the S. S\V, and W. by the Mediterranean; it's figure bearing fome rclcmblance to that of a boot. It was formerly the feat of the Roman empire, and, atterwajds, of that more fmgular ufurpation, the dominion of the pope; for this eccleiialtical monarch, tinder the modeft title of minijier Tninijho- rum, fervant of fervants, claimed a right to difpofe not only of the affairs of fuch liations as acknov/ledged his fupremacy; but alfo of pagan lands to the ends of the parth ; bellowing them, as an inheritance, cr\ the royal fupporters of his church. Italy is divided into a great number of ftates, which differ much in extent and importance. Between the confines of f ranee and Swiflerland, on the W. and N. are the continental dominions of the king of Sardinia, namely, Piedmont, Montfer- rat, and part of the Milanel'e. To the NE. are the ci-devant territories of Venice, yiow moltly reduced to the obedience of the emperor. S. of thel'e are the late Italian dominions of the emperor, namely, part of the Milanefe, and the Mantuan, now J^brmed into an independent republic, un- der the proteftion of France. S. of thefe art Modena, Mirandola, and Reggio, late- ly belonging to the duke of Modena, but now incorporated with the new republic. W. of the/e are the duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guaftalla, wholV fovereign is of the houl'e of Bourbon. S. of Parma lies the f epublic of Genoa; and S£. of this. I T A that of Lucca. Hence extends, along the coaft of the Mediterranean, the grand duchy of Tulcany. The Eccleliaitical State, or territory cf the Pope, lies prin- cipally to the E. and SE, of Tufcaiiy, be- tween the Gulf of Venice and the i\Ictli- terranean ; and the remainder oF Itai-/, which occupies the wiiole fo\it dependant idands, of which Sicily is tlie principal. The air of Italy is veiy dif- ierent, according to the diflerent lituaiicns of the countries it contains. In thofe o;j the Kii. fide of the Apennines, it is tem- perate ; but on the SW. it is veiy uarin. The air of the Cairpania of Rome, and of the Ferrarefe, is faid to be unwiioicioine ; which is owing to the Kinds not bemgdulv cultivated, nor the marines drained. Tliat oi the other parts is generally pine, dry, and healthy. In fuiiuiier the iieat ii vtiy great in the kingdom of iSiapks, and would be aimed intolerable, if it weic not alleviated by the lea-bieeics. The prin- cipal rivers are the Po, 'iiber, Arno, Adige, and Var ; and theie arc^ kveral fin^ lakes, as the Maggiore, Luguio, Como, Garda, Perugia, Braccianno, and Celano. As there are a number of rivers in Italy, befide tholt: mentioned above, the k.il> m general, is very fertile. It products a great variety of wiijes, and the bed oil iu Europe; excellent filk in abundance j corn of all forts, but not in fuch picr.iy a> in other countries; oranges, lenion,,, ci- trons, pomegranates, almonds, railini, iv. gar, innumerable mulberry-trees, figs, peaches, neilarines, apricots, pears, apples, filberts, cheihuts, 6ic. Mod cf thele fruit* Were nt fird imported by the Romans fioin Afia Minor, Greece, Africa, and S3'ria, and were not the natural produ^ls of tlie Ibil. This country alio yields good paf. ture, and abounds with cattje, ftjtep, goats, buffaloes, wild boars, iiiults, and horfcs. The forcds are well dored with game ; and the inounlains yield, not only mines of iron, alum, fulphur, maible of all forts, alabadcr, jafpei', porphyry, &c, but alfo gold and diver; with a great va- riety of aromatic herbs, trees, (hrubs, and evergreens, as thyme, lavender, lauiel, wild olive-trees, tamarinds, jumpers, oaks, ar.d pines. Wine, oil, perfumes, fruits, and iilks, are the principal articles of ex- portation ; and gicat lums of money are expended by travellers in the purchaie of pictures, cuiiofitics, relics, antiquiiits, &c. The Iialians have been the molt celebrated of all the moderns for tin jr ge- nius and tade in archil ccluir, painting, carving, and mufic, antl fcTcrai of thena J U A have alfo bctn eminent as writers. The women aficiSl yellow hair, ns did formcily tiu'ir pre.lcce/ibrs, the ladits oF antiint Rome ; tiiey alio iii'e paints and waliics ior their hanils anil faces, 'Die Italian language is a corruption oi the Latin, and is Ijui to be ipoktn belt at Florence. Itchel, fl.uHS, near AlJerfton. lichen, or Alrf, a river of Hants, which rifes in tl»e centie of the county, anti, wattiing Wincliefter, enters the Bay of Syiithann^)- ton, at the town of that name. Itching, or Irthhif^, a river of Northumberland and Cumberland, falling into the Eiien near Warwicic. Itching- Abbots, Hants, NW. of Alresford. Itching-Stoke, Hants, £. of Itching- Abbots. Itcl.ingtoii, Gloucefter- fliirc, in Titherin9rton parilh, Itchington-Bishop's, Warw, NE. •f Kineton, Market on Wednefday. Itchington, Long and Nether, Warw. near Southam. Itenfield, Cumb. near In- glewood-Forell:. Ithon, a riwr in Rad- iiorf. Itterlngham, Norf. NW. of Alef- ham. Itton, ^lonm. W. of Chepftow. Itzehoe, a town of Danifh Holftcin. Juan de la Frontera, St. a town of S. America, in Peru, in the diftrift of Chachapoyas. It lies to the E. of the Andes. Juan de Puerto Rico, St. an ifland of the W. Indies, 50 miles E. of St. Do- mingo, and called by the Englilh Porto Rico. It is 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, and is fubjeft to the Spaniards. It is full of very high mountains, and ex-' tremely fertile valleys, interfperfed with woods, and well watered with fprings and rivulets. It produces I'ugar, rum, ginger, corn, and fruir^, partly proper to tiie cli- mate, and partly introduced from Spain. Befides, there are ib manv cattle, that they ohen kill them for the fake of the fkins alone. Here are a great number of un- common trees, and there is a little gold in the N. part of the illancl. The air is pret- ty healthy, but it is fubjeiSf to Itorms and hurricanes, like th-j reft of thele iilands. The capital is of the fame name, feated on tiie N. coad of the ifland, with a good harbour. Lat. i8. 29. N. Ion. 67. 4. W. Juan Fernandez, an ifland in the S. Sea, aboi;t li miles long and 6 wide. It is 330 miles W. of the coaft of Chili, pa- rallel with St. Jago. It is uninhabited, but having a good harbour on the N. coaft, called Cumberland Bay, it is found extremely convenient to touch at and wa- ter. Lnt'. 33. 4.0. S. Ion. 83. W. Juan df. Ulloa, St. an ifland in the Gulf of Mexico, half a mile NE, of Vera Criiz, J u L Jucatan, or Yucatan, a brge pc- nindila of Mexico, nearly oppofile the W. end of the Ifland of Cuba. It h:is the Gulf of Hijnduras to tite E. and the Biy of C'ainpcaihy to the W. and contains a great quantity of timber, proper for build- ing ot fliips ; as alio fugai, caffri, iiniigo, cotton, and Indian corn. 'I'he original inhabitants are very lew, they having for- merly been Very ill uled by the Spaniards. It is aflat, level country, and is unhealthy in fome parts, which may be owing to the frequent inundations, Kicrida is the ca- pital ; but fome give that appellation to the town of Campeachy, Set Honduras. JuDENBURG, z town of Stiria. The public buildings, with the fquare, are magnificent. JUDOIGNE, OrGELDESACKEN, a tcwn of the late Auftrian Brabant. I've, St. Cornwall, W. of Kellington. I've -Church, Kent, by Romney-XIrirfli. I-vedon, Dcvoiifliire, in Aulefcomb parifli, I^ver, Bucks, near Uxbridge. Ives, St. a I«;a-port ot Cornwall, feat- ed on a bay of the fame name, which Jias about 30 (hips belonging to it's harbour. It trades largely in pilchards and Coinifli flates. It is 8 miles NE. of Penzance, and 277 W. by S, of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday, *IvES, St, a townof Huntingdonfhire, with the largeft market in England tor cattle, except that ot Smithficld. It is an ancient, large, and handfome place, feattd on the river Oufe, over which is a fine ftone bridge. If is 6 miles nearly E. of Huntingdon, aud 59 N. of London. Mir- ket on Monday. JuGON, a town in the departinent of the North Coaft, containing about 700 in- habitants. IviCAj an iflnnd of the Mediterranean, about 15 miles lc:ig, and i: wide, lubjeft to Spain. It is mountain-:ius, but fertile in corn, wine, and fruits 5 and lemarkable for the great quantity of lalt made in it. It is 50 miles SW, of Majorca. The ca- pital is of the fame name, feated on a bav, with a gooii harbour. Lat. 39. 30. N. Ion. I. 25. E. li;il, or It'el, a river in Bedfordfliire. LviL a river in Somerletfliire; IviNGO, a town in Bucks. 6 miles SW. of Dunftable. Market on Monday. Julian, St. a harbour on the coaft of Patagonia. Lat. 4.9. 10, S, Ion. 62. 44. Wi Julian s. Si. Monm. near Caerlion. Julian" j To-zvn, in Meath, Leinller. JULIEN, St. a town in the depart, of Upptr Vienne, 13 miles NW. of Limoges. JULlEN DU SauLT, St. ;i tpvvninthc departiueat J UR department of Yonne, feated near the river Yonne, 5 miles from Joigny. JuLiERS, a fmall duchy of Weftphalia, fituated between the Rhine and the Maefe. The principal towns are Juliers, the capi- tal, in lat. 50, 57. N. Ion. 6. 23. E. Dueien, Aix-la-Chapelle, Munfter-Eyflel, and Eufxkirchen. It is fubjeift to the ele6lor palatine, is about 68 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and is remark- abk for the great quantity of woad it pro- duces. JuLPHA, Old, once the capital of Armenia, in Alia, now in ruins, the in- habitants having been tran^ lanted to a fuburb of Ifpahan, called New Julpha, wliere they have feveral churches. They were brought thither for the fake of trade. JUMIEGE, a town in the dept. ot Lower Seine lea'ed on the river Seine, 12 miles WSW. ot Rouen, Jumna, a large river of HIndooftan, whicli riles in Thibet, waters the cities of Delhi and Agra, and joins the Ganges at AUahaba '. Jump, Yorkfhire, near Rotheram. JuNKSEiLON, an ifland in the Bay of Bengal, near the S W. coalt of Siam, nearly 60 miles lons^, and from 10 to 20 wide. Near the principal town (of the fame name, lltuated in the N. part of the i(!and) is a mine of loadlfone, but the pieces do not prefcrve their virtue above 4 or 5 months. Lat. 8. 56. N. Ion. 98. 30. E. Ivory-Lodge, Hampfliire, in New Fo- reft. Jura, one of the weftern ifles of Scot- land, NE. of the ifland of Iflay, on the coaft of Argylcfhire. It is 25 miles long, and 7 broad. Some parts of the fouthern and wetlern fides arc fertile, and there are only three mountains on the whole ifland. Thefe are of a conic form, of a.ftupendous height, and are called the Paps of Jura. The reff of the ifland is flat, and generally Covered with heath. Shell-fifli and pota- toes form the principal food of the poorer people. A few wild roes are Itill feen here, but their number is continually growing lefs. Jura, a department of France, having Swifl>l:ind to the E. and the department of Saone and Loire to the W. It contains mines of iron of a fuperior quality, mines of copper and le.ij,> and many quarries of black marble, of jalper of difi'crent colours, and of alabafter. It takes it's name from Mount Jura. JuRAj Mount, a chain of mountains, I Z Q which extend, nearly in a line, from the Rhioe, near Baiil, to the Rhone, 10 miles below Geneva; fometimes more, fomc- times lefs elevated, and in different places taking different names. IvREA, a town of Canavez, Piedmont. IvRY, a town in the depart, of Eure 4 a town in the dept. of Cote dOr j and a town in tlie department of Paris. Jufl, St. Cornwall, at the Land's End, NW. of Penzance. Jafi-Cajile, St. Corn- wall, on Falmouth- Haven. Jutland, a large peninfula of Den- mark, bounded on the S. by the duchy of Holftein ; and on the other fides by the German Ocean and Baltic Sea. It is about 180 miles in length, from N. to S. and 50 in breadth, from E. to W. The air is very cold, but wholefome, aiul the foil is fertile in corn and pafturts, which feed a great number of hories and beeves, wh.icli are fent to Germany, Holland, &c« Tiiis was ancieiuly called Cimbrica Cher- Ibnefus ; and is fuppofed to be the country whence the Anglo-Saxons came that con- quered England. It is divided into two parts, called N. and S. Jutland ; the latter being the duchy of Slefwick. hvy Bridge, Devon!', a village remark- able for it's rural and pifturel'que fcenery. It is feated on the rapid and noiiy river Arme, on the road between Exeter and Plymouth, 11 miles NE. of the latter. Lvj- Church, Wilts, 2 miles from Salifbu- ry. Ivythorn, Somerl'etfliire, W. of Glaf- tonbury. I^wcje, Kent, near Milton and Sittingbourn. Ixning, Suffolk, near New- market. IxwoRTH, a town in Suffolk, 7 miles NE. of Burv, and 79 NE. of London. Market on Fiiday. Ixi^'orthorp, Suffolk, NW. of Ixworth. J YEPOUR, a ci'ty of liindooilan Proper, capital of a territory of the fame name, (otherwil'e called Jaypour, Jaynagur, Joi- nagur, or^yenauur) in the caltern quarter of Agimere, is fubje(it to one of the raj- poot princes. It was built bv the cele- brated rajah Jeffing, who alfo ere^ed an oblervatory here, and invited Claude Bou- dier to it, in 1734. Wendel reprrfents Jyepour as a place of great wealth and confequence in 1779, being the ftaple of the principal part ot the goods that are brought from eveiy quaitcr of India. It is 104 miles W. by S. of Agra, and 70 ENE. of Agimere. iTiQUITENA.NGO, a town of Cliiapa, Mexico. KABERy K A L K A M K. J^ABER, Wcftmoiland, near Kirkby- ■**• Srevcn. KadJyCarne, in Down, Ulfter, a long ledge ot rocks on Big-Ifland. KAFFUNCtN, a town of Hefle CnfTei. Kahun, a town of Kerman, PeiTia. Kairwan. Sec Cairoan. K.ALAAR, a town ot Gliilan, Peifia. KaLhvorth, Nortliumberland, in Mild- fonh barony. Kalimburg, a town and bailiwick of Denmark, in the Ifle of ZcjUnd. Kalir, a tovvn of Wiitembnrg, Siiabia. Kalisch, a palatiuiUe, late of Poland, now of W. Prufila, and it's capital, leatcd en the river Profna, Kallainer, Lancaflilre, in AmouRdernefs. Kalmucs, a nation of Tirtars, that inhabit that part of the iiufTian govern- ment of Caucalus, that lies between the river Volga, and the river Yaick (now Ural) toward the Cafpian Sea ; in all which immgnfe trafl there js not a boufe to be ittx\, as they all live in tents, and remove from one place to another, in queft of palturage 'for their large herds of cat- tle, confifting of horlVs, camels, cows, and flieep. They neither low nor reap, nor inake hay for their cattle, ib that they Jive without breaxl, or any Ibrt of vegeta- ble ; and in the winter, their cattle fare as other wild beads. Tiiclr food is flefli, (efpecially that ot horfes) filh, wild-towl, and venifon ; and they have g'cat plenty of milk, butter, and cheefe ; but mare's milk is the molt elleemed among them, and from it they make a ftrong Iplrjt, of which they are very fond, and which is clear as water. They are divided into a number of hordes, or clans, each under their own particular khan, and ail ac- knowledging the authority of one princi- pal khan, who is called orchicifrtikhan, or king of kings, who derives his pedigree from Tamerlane. AH of them, howevttr, have fubmitted to the government of Rul- iia, or live under it's proteftion. They are pagans. They we^r coats of ftuft", or fdk, above which they wear a large, wide, iur coat of (heep-lkins, and a cap of the tame. Their cattle are large, and their flieep are of the largeft kind, having great fat tails, weighing from twenty-f^ve to thirty pounds ; their ears hanging down like our dogs, and, l;irt;;ad of wool, they have (oft curled hair, fo that their ikins are converted into fur coats. Their horles are fmall, but fwift, hardy, and ibong j and many of them pacenalmally, and trot at an incredible rate. They eat the flcfh of camels, cows, and fhecp, but univerfally give the preference fo that oi the horfc. When they go upon any expedition, they have no regard either to bridges or boats ; they no fooner come to a river, than in they plunge with their horCts, and, Aiding Ironi their backs, hold fait by the manes till they get over, and then immediately m *unt agnin, and proceed. They live but 4 months at molt in the deferts, and inhabit a mort plcafant country all the reft of the year (when it is not overflowed) tending their flocks and herds, fiibing, and hunting. When they go upon an exjjedition, every one takes a (heep with him for his previa fion, and three horfes, which he rides al- ternately; and when any of them fail, they kill it, and divide the flifb, putting pieces of it under their facJdies, and, alter jiding fome time upon it, they eat it with- out any farther preparaficn. Their kib- bets, or tents, are large, and fiirprifingly warm, having a tire \\\ the middle, and a hole at the top to let out the fmoke ; they are 24. feet in diameter, and capable of being enlarged or contraifed at pleafurej they are all round, the fidcs being made of a kind of checkered wicker-work, and the crofs fticks neatly jointed, for folding'to- gether, or extending. The kibbct vvith- (landi wind and rain well, and is eieclej with greater eafe and in lei's time th.in w^ could let up an officer's tent. The linall- pox is as much dreaded among the Kal- mucs as the pellilence among us. Whea any of them are feizcd with it, they imme- diately break up Uieircamp and flee, leav- ing the tick perlbn in one of their kibbets, or tents, with a killed (heep, part of which is roalted and part raw, and a jar of water, and lome wood for fire j if they recover, they follow the horde, but this leldom happens, for they m.oltly die for want of attendance. K a L N I c K , a town of B racklaw, Poland , Kalo, a town of Hungary, Kaluga, orKALUTSKOE,a town aivi government of the Rufiian empire, for- merly included in the government of Mof- cow. It is about 140 miles in length, and from 40 to 9.0 in breadth. Occa is the piincipal river. Kamakura, an i.Hand of Japan, about 5 miles in circumterence, on the S. coalt of Niphon, ufed as a llate prifon. The coalt ci thisilland is lb (t;fep, that perfons and freightage are gencrajly lifted up by cranes. Kambala, Mount, a ridge of moun- tains K A M tains in Thibet, between the lake Jamdro, ami the Sampoo river. Kaminieck, a town of Poland, capi- tal of Podolia. Kamtschatka, a peninfula of Sibe- ria, in the province of Irkutfk, and go- vernment of Irkutlkoi, bounded on the N. by the province ot Ochotfk j on the E. and S. by the N. PaciHc Ocean j and on the W. by the Sea of Ocliotflc and the Penzinfkoe Gulf. It is 600 miles in length, and from 30 to 200 in breadth. The fouth- ern extremity is Cape Lopatlca, In lat. from 5z. to 61. N. and Ion. 156. 45. E. according to Captain King, vidio vifited this country in 1779. A chain of high mountains from N. to S. extends the whole length of the peninfula, and almoft equal- ly divides it ; whence iiiveral rivers take tb.eir rife, and empty themfclves on both fides into the Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Ochotfk. Stunted trees are thinly Icat- tered cv^r the whole face of the country, whofe bottoms arc moiTy, with a mixture of low heath ; the whole refembling New- foundland in a Itriking degree. This dif- advantage of foil, however, is not univcr- ial ; for fbme parts produce tolerably good hay. Four months, commencing at mid- fummer, may be confidered as formmg their fpring, fummer, and autumn, the rdt of the year is all dreary winter. They have great quantities of wholefome vege- tables in a wild Hate, fuch as chervil, garlic, onions, angelica, and wild celery, with fome excellent turnips, and turnip- ladi/hes, upon a few fpots of ground in tlie valleys j and this is the utnioft extrnt of their garden cultivation. They have a variety of wild berries, which are gather- ed at proper feaibns, and prtfcrvcd by mafldng thcni into a thick jam. Thele conlfitufe a confiderable part of the winter provihons, lerving as a general fauce to their dried filh, Pidi is certainly the fta- plc article of food among the inhabitants of this peninfula, who cannot poflibly de- rive any confiderable part of their fufte- nance cither from agriculture or cattle ; they, however, obtain fome from their torefts, particularly in the bear, whicii to hunt and kill, is, with the inhabitants, a Ikilful and dangerous adventure. The people of Kamtfchatka may be faid to confift of three forts ; the Kamtfchadales, the RufTians, and Coffacks, and a mixture produced by their intermarriages. The habitations of the natives confift of three different kinds, which they call jourts, balagans, and loghoufes. They inhabit the firft in the winter, and the fecond in the fummer} in the rhird, introduced by K A R theRuHlans, only the more wealthy people refide. Tlie external appearance of a jourt refembles a round, fquat hillock; a hok» lerving tor a chimney, window, and door, is Itrit In the ctnire, and the inhabitants go in and out by theaifiitance of a long pole, having iro'ches deep enough to afford a little I'ecuriry for the toe. The upper gar- ment of the' Kamtlchadalts relcmblcs a waggoner's fruck : if for fummer wear, it Is made of nankeen; if intended for win- ter, it is made of a Ikin, having one fide tanned, and the bairprefeived on theother, which is worn innermoft ; a clofe jacket of nankeen, or other cotton fluff, is the next under this ; and, beneatli that, a fliirt made of thin Perfian filk, of any colour. They wear long breeches and boots, made of fkins, with the hair innermoft. They have alio a fur cap, with two flaps that are ufualJy tied up clofe to the head, h\it are kt to tall round the flioulders in rough weather. The true Kamtfchadales are a people of great antiquity, and have for many ages inhabited this peninfula. The Ruflians firft difcovered the country in 1697, and, in 1699, 60 RulTian foldiers, with as many Coffacks, ptntirated into the heart of the peninfula, levying a tri- bute of furs in their progrefs. Their go- vernment, confidered as a military one, is mild and equitable in a high degree. The natives are permitted to chufe their own magiftiates, with all the privileges they had ever mjoyed, who refer to the go- vernor of Kamtfchatka Inch cafes only as, from their intricacy or heinouJhefs, ihcy do not chufe to decide upon themlelves. Bolcheretfk is the principal place, on the SW. coad, in lat, 52. N. KanI'.m, a city and province of Bor-. nou, in Afi ica. Kamovv, a city of Poland, in the Ukraine, and in the palatinate of Kiow. Kanischa, a town of Hungary. Ka/ttifs, Efiex, near Horndon. Kaniurk, in Cork, Munfter. Kapos, a town and river of Hiinfrary. Kareck, nn ifland in the Perfian Gulf, lying neai Jy in the middle of it, where all fhips bound for Bulforah nnili call for pi- lots. It is about 5 miles long and s broad ; and is fuhjefl to the flieick of Bundaric. The Dutch have, or had, a fctilement here. Karham, No' thumb, in Wark barony. Karlscruch, a town df Baden-D;ir. lach, Sunbia. The maryrave has here a magnificent palace and'' gardens. The town is built on a regular plan, and the houfes are all as nnifonn as the ftreets. It is 12 miles N, by li. of iiadcn. Karnhanh, K E E Knrnhanh, a hill in Armagh, Ulftcr. KarnCaur, a hill in Down, UUtcr, a miles N, ot Scrn!)T. Karnufack, Cornwall, a rocky moun- tain, near Madcrn, Kasan, a luge country ot the Ruf- C;)n empire, fornis-riy liibjeiit to the K^tl- muc Tai rars, hut now divirk-d into the thrLeRuflnn oovernnients of Kal'an, Sim- biillc, andee(l is covered, in a man- ner, with a broad girdle of wood. The trees, howevv^r, t.re iar from being ot an ex- traordinary growth ; Jo that they would be of no great ffrvice for (hipping, except- ing as materials for fmall things. The pine-trees r.ppear to be all of one fpeciss ; and neither the Canadian pine, nor cy- prels, are found here. Lat. 59. 51. N. ion. ij.3. o. W. KAY.SEB.SBER.G, 3 tovyn in the dept. of Upper Rhine, 5 miles NW. of Colmar. Kavserslautern, a town in thepa- latisate of ihe Rhine, circle of Lower Rhine. Kaysarsthul, a town of Baden, S.viflerland. Kayshrswert, a town of Cologne, circle of Lower Rhine. Keacb, a river in Cardiganf. Keadby, Lincolnfliire, in Axholm lile. Keady, in Armagh, Ulifer. Kcakotcs, E. W. N. and S. Line, near Ejllingb.oke. Keale^ Line, near Bol- lingbroke. Keamor^, in Cork, Munfter. Keary in Welt Mcath, Leinller. » Kearton, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, E. of SwaleJale. Kehby, a river in Minmouth- ftiire. Kcbeck, a river in YorkI'. running into the Nyde. Keddington, Suffolk, N W. of Clare. K:dUjhn, near Derby. Ked- rington, Line. N. of Louth. Keel, Staf- fordfhirc, by Ncwcaltle-under-Line. K E E Kfena^h, in Longford, Leinfter. Kccrhy, Yorklhirc, N. Riding, SW. of Helmedty. Kcerby, YcrkC. near Wether. by. Kecto/t, Nottingh. near Lenton. Kefrlen, a town of Syria, 16 miles from Aleppo, which gives it's name ro a large, teitile plain, where they bretd a great number of pigeons. Kegbenr, Dcvonf. NW. of Okehamp- ton. Kei^ivorth, Leiccf. on an eminence, 4. miWo from Lnighborough, on the road to Derby. Arf/;i2/«, E. of Lcicefter. Ke.hl, a foitrefs of Suabia, on th© Rhine, oppofite Strafburg. . Ke'ingham. Yorkfliire, SE. of Headon. Keinton- Mansfield, Somerfetfh. Keh- nuick, Chefliire, between Frodfliam and Warrington. Kelhy, Line. W. of Grjmf- hy. Ki-id Chapel, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Swaledale. Keldham, Yorkf. near Kirkby- Morefule. Kelehar-Htll, Yorkfliire, near Tadcafter. Kelfield, Line, near Axholm Ifle. Kelfield, Yorkfli. E. Riding, near Nun-Appleton. KelbaTti, 'Holt, on the Trent, W. of Newark. Kelinghall, Yorkf. W. Riding, S. of Ripley. Kelk, Yorkf. E. of Great Driffield. Kellaham, Cornw. W. of St. N.ot's. Kellath, Weft:- morl. near Newbiggin. Kellenyg, \Ion- mouthftiire. Kellcrmnfli, Northamp. NE. of Nafehy. Kellet, Upper and Loiver, N. of 'Lancafter. Kelley, Devonf. SE. of Launcefton. Kelling, Norf. NE. of Holt. Kellington, Yorkf. E. of P.)ntefra£l. Kellington, or Callikgton, a town in Coi-nwall, with a vvoollcri manit- fatlorv, 12 -miles S. of Launcefton, and ZI7 W. by S. of London. It is equal to. the bell half of the Cornifli boroughs, for wealth and buildings, having one very good broad (trcet, a market-houfe, and a neat church. Market on Wedncfday. KelliJhalL Sutfalk, N. of S.ixmundham. Kellop. a river in Durham. KclloiVt North- umberland, W. of Holy Iiland. *Kells, a town of Meath, in Lein- fter. It is pleaflintly feared on the river Blackwater, 31 miles NW. of Dublin. * Kells, a town of Kilkenny, in Leinfter, 64 miles SW. of Dublin. Kelh, a river and village of Antrim, ill CJIfter, 89 miles from Dublin. Kelliim, St. Shiopf. S. of Hales- Owen. Kellytnount, in Kilkenny, Leinlfer. KelhjloTvn, in Carlowj Leinfter, on the E. fide of the river Barrow. KelnUjIiapi, Wore. N. of Tewkefljury. Kelnfcy, Yorkf. E. Pviding, near Spurn- Head. Kelfal, 6 miles NE. of Ciefter. Kelfey, Lire, near N. Kehev. Kelfey, N. Lnic. W.of Thongcafter. Keljbull, Herts, near Roy fton. Kelso, KEN Kelso, a neat and populous town of Roxburghrtiiie, with a good market for corii, and a handrome bridge of lix arches over the Tweed, n.ar it's confluence with the Tiviot. Tht abbey, the magnificent ruins of which ftill remain, was founded by David I. in 1128. The environs of it are very agreeable. From the Chalkheugh is a beautiful view of the torks of the ri- vers, Roxburgh-Hill, SpringwoodP.uk, and the Fieurs. From Pinuacie-HiU is i)i?n a vail extent of country, highly cul- tivated, watered by long reaches of the Tweed, and wejl vvoo;led on each margin. Much wheat is railed in this neighbour- hood, and the fleeces of the (lieep are re- imrkably fine. Keilb is 20 miles SW. of Berwick, and 4.% SiE. of Edinburgh. Keljlerne, Line, W. of Louth. Kel- ihorp, Rutl. in Kttton pariih. Kelten, C nibridgef. in Lamplugh pariih. Kelton, Y'jikl. N. Riding, W. of Rombaldkirk. ♦Kelvedon, or Easterford, a town of Ellex, 3 miles from Witham, and 41 from London, on the road to Col- chefter. Kelx/edon-HaUh, EfTex, S. of Ongar. Kc'lnvejlon, Sumeri'. on tiie Avon, between Bath and B.iltoJ. Kelju, a river in Me- rionethfhire. Kemar, a town of Natolia. Kemherton, Shropf. SW. of SliefTnal. Kemhle, Wilts, near Malmtliury. Kem- blefpeth Hill, Cumb. near the I'ource of the Cocker. Kemjborough, GIouc. near Piiinfwick. Kemeys, M jnm. W. of Weafe Wood. Kemeys -Commander, Monm. NW. of U/k. Kemingham, Norfolk. Kemlet, ev Camlet, a river in Sliropf. Kemlet, a river in Denbighf. Kemmerlon, Glouctf. NE. of Tewkefbury. Kempbank, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Templeborough. Kempen, a to'.vn of Cologne. Kemplej, Gloucef. 4 miles from Rofs. Kernpsford, Gloucef. between Cricklade and Lechlade ; the Strcud Canal is ex- tended to this place. Kempjbot, Hants, S. el' Bafmgftoke. Kempjlon, SW. cf Bed- ford. KempJloH; Nortoik, near Lytcham. Kempten, a town of Mentz; alfo an imperial town, and a princely abbey, to which belong fcveral towns and villages ; both in Suabia. Kempthorn, Devonf. in Clawton pari Hi. Kempton, Shropf. near Purflow. Kemp- ton, Herts, NW. of Digfwell. Kemfcot, Oxfordlhire, between Radcot-B'.idge and Lechlade. Kemfey. Wore, on the Severn, below Worceller. Kemjhig, Kent, W. of Wrotham. KemJley-Do^-vns, Kcnr, near Milton. Ken, Somerf. between Kinp^f- w<)i>d und Cl«Visl*pa. Ken, % iivcr of jDc- KEN vonf. running into the Ex, below Exeter. Ken, cr Kan, a river of Wclfmor- land, which flows by K-rndal, and empties itfelf into the fandy walli of Lancalliire, called Morcambe Bay. It has a cataraft near it's mouth, which renders it incapa- ble of navigation J fo tliat the town ot Mil- throp, fiiuated on a littlo creek, near the mi;uth of the Ken, is the only port of Wtllniorland; and tliis is capable of re- ceiving very fmall vcflels only, by which the fine Wcftmorland ilates, hams, and other articles aie exported. Ken, a river of Scotland, which de- fcending from the mountains in the N. of Kirkcudbrightlhire, flows in a fouther- ly dirttif ion to the town of New Galloway, below which it expands into a fiae lake, abo*t 4 miles in length, and i in breadth. Here it is joined by the river Dee. Kenagh, in Longford, Leinfter. Kenchejler, 3 miles W. of Hereford, on the river Ine. Kenchiivcb, Heref. Ken- cofiib, Dorfetf. SE. of B.-miniter. Kencot, Oxfordfhire, W. of Bampton. * Kendal, a large, handfcme town of Wcrtmorland. It is pleafantiy feated in a v"alley, among hills, on th^; W. fide of the river Ken, over which are feveral bridges. It has been long noted for it's woollen manufaftories : particularly knit ftockings, a thick ftutf, called cottons, for the clothing of the people in the W. Indies, and for failors' jackets, and linfey-wool- fey. There is likewife a confiderable tan- nery J and fifli-hooks, wafte filk, and wool- cards are manufactured liere. The mills for fcouring, fulling, and tiizing cloth ; and for cutting and rafping dying wood, &c. are well worth feeing^ So early as the reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV, Kendal was noted for it's manufadfures, fpecia.1 laws having been enabled in thofe reigns, for the better regulation of the Kendal cloths; and fuch has been the fpi- rit and induftry cf the inhabitants, that they have continued to flourifli ever fince, notwithllanding the dii'advantage of pof- fefTmg no water carriage. Kendal is 46 miles S. of Carhfle, and 255 NNW. of London. Lat. 54. 15. N. Ion. 2. 52. W. Market on Siturday. KendalJJnre, Gloucef. in Wcfterleigh pirifli. Kenelm, Staff, near Clent. Kenelworth, or Killingwortu, Warwickfliire, SW. c:' Coventry. Mar- k;;t on Wednefday. Kenford, Dcvonfliire, near Po-.vdeiham- Caltle. Kenford, Suffolk, iiear Newmar- ket. Kengivick, W. of Worceftcr. Ke- uingal, Noifoik, SE. of Ealt Herling. Ke'iiey^ Shropfliire, near Wenl^ck. Kf-SMARE KEN Kf:N^fAK^ River and Town, in Kcny, Munltcr, 135 miles. SW. ot Dub- lin. Kefinnrfington, Kent, near Appiedorc. Knine, D.-vonlliiie, near Extter. Kf.nnlbek, a rivtr which rifes in the N\V. part of tlie province of Main, in Nfw Eiiglnnd; and, Howlng in a ioutiier- iy direction, fills into the Adanric Oc^an, between the Bays of Calco and Penobltot, on the cori(t of the (aiiie province. Kcnnedm, Dcvonf. in Sherford parirti. Kennt'^y, Cornwall, near Penzance. AV/;- ncii.y, DiVonfliire, near Crerjiton. KcNNET, a river celebrated by Pope, as, '• The K' iinet fwift, for filver eels renown'd." It rifcs 4 miles troni Mail- borougli, in Wilts, and flows to Ni-w- Ijiiry, in Berks, vvlu-re ir has been made navigible. It joins the Thames, 3 little below Reading. Kemict. E. and Little, Wilts, on Marl- borough Downs, near the foiirce of the river Kennet. Kenniiigton, a village of Surry, one of the S precini5ls of Lambeth. Near it is an extenfive common. Keitnin^- ion, Kent, near Afliford. Kennington, Berks, in Radiey pariih. Kinfey, -xim^M river in Cornwall. Kenfiugton, a vilbge of MiJdkjcx, two miles W. of Hyde- Park corner, London. Here is a royal pa- lace, with very extenfive gardens, ('^rigi- nai'v defigned by Kent, ai,.i much im- proved by Browne) which have become a very ianiionaiile promenade. KcnJ^wovth, H^-its, E. ol Studhain. Kfnt, a county oi England, bounded on [he W. and SVV. by Surry and Sufllx; on the N. by the Thames; on the E. and SIC. by the German Ocean and the Straits t'f Dover ; and on the S. by Suffex and the Kngiilh Channel. F-)om E. to W. it is about 58 miles, and from N. to S. from 30 to 36. It is divided into 5^ lathes, under e;)ch of which are feveral hiinditds. It contains 2 cities, 39 market towns, and 408 parifli churches. In the foil and face of the coun ry, there is great diver- sity. The banks of the Thames are low and marfny, but backed by a range of «/r^/w/),NW. of Lincoln. Ket- tle-Tvdl, Yorkf. W. Riding, lies under a hill, between Lr.ngfhtthdaie-Chafe and Ne- therdale. Kitton, Durham, on the Skern, N. of Darlingiion. Ketton, Line, 2 miles from Stamford. Ketton, Rutlandf. near Tinewell. Kcvemiy, or Govemij, a rivcr in Monmouthf. Keveny, a river in An- glefey. Kcverdale, Lane. E. of the Rib- ble, oppofite to Prefton. Ke-verel, Corn- wall, near St. Germains. Ke^-ern, St, Cornwall, on the SW. fide of Falmouth- Haven. Ke-vernal, 5 miles S. of Here- ford. Ke-iiil, Wilts, E, of Trowbridgt-, Ke-vington, Kent, in St. Mary- Cray pa- rifh. Kezv, a village of Surry, on the banks of the Thames, about 7 miies W, by S, of London, Here is Kew Houfe, a royal palace, celebrated for it's fine par-, dens, and the king's exotic gardtu. The hff has been brought togreat'perfec- ticn by t!ie introduction of many new plants from Africa ard New $outh Wales; y » and K I A and is known throughout all Europe, by the latf Mr. Alton's Horius Ktwenfis. Fioni Kew to Breiitti.id is a handfome bridge of 7 arches over the Thames, built in 1780. Ke-we, .?'. Cornwall, near Penzance. Keive, St. Curnwa!!, between Cainellord and Pay, £. of York. Kexiioi. fj, a to^vn of the Rull'ian em- piie, in the government of VVibnig, feat- eJon two Imall ilVinds of the river Woxcn, which here falls into the Lnlce Ladoga. Tiie houfes are built witli wood ; it is not very large, but near it is a confuleiable falmon fiHiery. It is 67 miles N. of Pe- terlburgh. Lat. 61. ^. U. Ion. 30. 25. E. Key, Cornw. at the head ot Falmouth- Havcn. Keynele, Wilts, near Caftlecomb. Keynjham, Gloucef. in Woolialfon parifti. Keynsham, a town ot Sonierletfhiie, fcated on the rivtr Avon, 5 n.iles SE. of Briftol, and 115 W. of London. Market on Thur(day. Keynton, Shropfli. NW. of Newport. Keynton, Little, Dorietf. in Stower Weft- over parifli. Keynton, St. Michael's, Wilts, E. of Caltlecomb. Keynton, U'ej}, Wilt?, W. of Calilecomb. Keyujcrtb, SE. of Nottingham. Keyfvjorth, Dorietf. 2 miles NE. of Wareham. Kharkov, a government of the Ruf- fian empire, formerly compriled in the go- vernment of Ukrania Slovodlkiia. It's capital, of the fame name, is feated on the river Uda, wiiich falls into the river Do- retz. Kherso.v, or Cherson. SceCiiER- SON, KiANG Nan, a province of China, bounded on the N. by Chanrong 5 on the E. by the Gulf of Nanquin j on the S. by Tchekjang and Kian2,fi; and on the W. by Monan and Hou-Qu^ang. It con- tains 14. cities of the firft rank, and 93 of the fecund and third, which are very po- pulous, and of the greatelf note tor trade in the empire. It is the rendezvous of all the great barks, being full of lakes, ri- ver?, and canals, and their fiiks, japanned goods, ink, and paper, are in high elteem. In tlic city of Changhi only, there are 200,000 weavers of plain cottons and iDullins. KiANG-Si a province of China, bound- ed on the N. by Kiang-Nan ; on the S. by i^nntongj on the W. by Hou-Quang ; and on tiie E. by Fokien and Tchekiang. The mountains that lie to the S. are al- >uo(l inaccclfible ; but there are fins val- K I E leys among them, which are well cultivat- ed. It is v^atered by brook», lakes, and livers, which abound with fifli j and tiiere are mines of gold, fdver, lead, iron, and tin. The lice and arrack here are excel- lent ; but it is more particularly noted for it's fine porcelain, which is made at Ki- anor-Techin?. Kihl'erd, Cornwall, "SW. of Columb. Kibhhf-uiortb, Dmham, in Lamftey parifh. KiEURC, a town of Zurich. Kibice threatened deftruftionto the leaft falfe ftep of the traveller. At prefent, a fine road, formed by the foldiery lent by govern- ment, gives an eafy accefs to the remote Highlands ; and the two fides are joined by a fine arch. Killigre'iUy Cornwall, NE. of Truro. Killigordon, in Donegal, Ulfter. KiLn LEACH, a town of Down, In Ulfter, feated on an arm of the lake of Strangford. It is a thriving place, with 3 linen and thread manufafloiy, and adjoin- ing it is a little bay, where fhips may be fiieltered from all winds. Killimore, in Galvvay, Connaught. KiLLiNAULE, a town of Tipperary, in Munfter, 14 miles N. of Clonmell. Killbichyy in Down, Ulfter. KiHinghury, SW. of Nort'iampton. Kil- lingholm, Lincolnshire, NW. of Grimfby. /ri///«^/a«, Weftmorland, on theLune, NE. of Kirhy Lonlilale. Killi/ig-ivoU Gro'vet Yorkdiire, near Beverley. Killingivorth, Northumberland, 4 miles N. of Newcaftle, Killinicky in Wexford, Leinfter. Killiow, Cornwall, N. of Tregony. Killmacabea, in Cork, Munfter. Kill- maclege, Killmacombe, Kdlmeaden, and' KillmolaJJl, all in Waterford, Munfter., Killoges, in Mayo, Connaught. Kdloteran^ in Waterford, Munfter. KiLLOuGH, or Port St. Anne, a town of Down, Ulfter, 76 miles N. by E. of Dublin. It lies N. ot St. John's Point, and has a good quay, from which conli- derable quantities of barley are exported. Here is a profitable manufafture of fait. At a fmall diftance from the town, near the fea, is a rock, in which there is an ob- long hole, whence a ftrange noife is heard, at the ebbing and flowing of the tide, fome- what refembling the found of a huntfman's horn ; at the coming in of the tide, whilft the waters are beating up under the rock, a cold air burfts fiom it with a mixture of fpray ; but as the waters retire during the ebb, there is a ftrong draft of air fets in at the hole, to fill up or prevent the vacuum wiiich the retiring of the water would pro- duce. In an open field, about a quarter of a mile from tlie town, there is a very curious cave, about 27 yards long, whicfi has a winding pafTage, two feet and a half y 4 broad, K I L bro^idj with three doors in it, befulcs the entrance, leading to a circular chamber, 3 yards in diameter, where tiicre is a fine, cool, limpid well. Killozu, in Derry, Ulfter. Killotuen- Point, an excellent natural harbour, ibout 3 miles S. of Rellrevor, in Down, Ulft;r. Kill, St. Nicholas, in Wattrlord, Munfter, between the cit)' of Waterford and the fea. Kiilucan, and Kiliuqtiin, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. KUtiuikart d.x\d Kil/ure, in Wa- terford, Munfler. Kiliy, Northumberland, near Norham. *KiLLYEEGS, a town of Donegal, Ul- fter; with a fpacious harbour on the N. fide of Donegal Bay, which may be enter- ed at any time of the tide. The herring fifbery is yet it's principal bufinefs, but it's trade is increaiing, and the place im- prcyved. It is 13 miles S'vV. of Donegal, and 113 NW. of Dublin. Kiihgordon, in Donegal, Uifter. Killy- fnnn, m Tyrone, Ulfter. Killjoci:, in Do- negal, Ulfter. KUljon, in King's Ccunty, Leinfter. Kilmacahill, in Welt Mcath, Leinfter. Kilmacalogef in Kerr)', Mun- Iter; with a harbour on the S. fide of Ken- mare river. Kihnacduagk, in Galway, Connaught, 2 miles W. of Gcrt. Kil~ fjiaclenon, in Cork, Mcnfter. KUmacre- ncin, in Donegal,- Ulfter. ; Kilmac-Thomas, a town of Water- ford, Munfter, lo miles SW. of the town of Waterford, Kilmaganvy, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Kilmain, in j^layo, Connaught. KiLMAiNHAM, a decayed fort of town, fituated on the W. extremity of the ci'y of Dublin, in a pretty little valley, on the great w^jftern road. It was fomeiimes the leat of government, before the caftle at Dublin was appropriated to that puipole. A ftream of water runs in tlic botton-;, which carries lome mills, and on which there arefeveral tan yards. On the hi!! on one fide, ftands the Royal Hofpital of In- valids, an elegant building ; and, on the oppofite hill, the Foundling Hofpital. The cjOii-ter-IefTions for the counry of Dublin, and the election for the knights of the fhiie. are held here. KiLMALLOCK, a once celebrated but row decayed town of Lirwerick, in Mun- fter. From it's many and cxtenfive ruins, it has obtained the name of the Irilh Eal- beck. It is 16 miles S. of the town of Limerick, and 107 SW. of Dublin. KilmanbriJge, Sjrry, inCharlewocd pa- ri )h. Kilmarnock, a town of Ayrshire, noted for it's manufacture of gloves, car- pets, ttockings, night-caps, bounets, and K I L other woollen goods. It contains about 51^70 inhabitants, and is 15 miles SW. of Glalgow, KUmarr Rock, Cornwall, on a very high hill, N. of Leflcard, has at a diftaiice the appearance of a city, though it be only a covert for foxes. Kilmarji, Yorkftiire, near Sheffield. Kilmatague, in Sligo, Connaught. KiU meague, in Kildare, Leinfter. Kitmectf- hill, in Wexfuid, Leinfter. KilmeUhedorf in Kerry, Munfter. Kilmerfdon, Soinerf. NW. of Frome. Kilmiddy, in Limerick, Munftes'. Kilmington, Devcnfliire, near Axminfter. Kilmitckel, in Clare, Munfter. Kilmoon, in Well Meath, Leinfter. Kilmore, in D >wn, Ulfter. Kilmcre, ai Cavan, Ulfter. Kilmore- Bridge, in Galwav, Ccnniiught. Kihiiuckridg,-, in Wexlord, L-.infttr. Kill, vturragkc.n and Kihnurry, in Coik, Mun- fter. Kibmtrry, in Claie, Munfter. KiL jr.-urry, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Kilmurryi- brickan and Ki! murr} macinalon , in Cljie, Munfter. Kilnaleck, in Cavan, Ulfter. Kilnena, in Clare, Munfter. Kitnener, in Wextord, Leinfter. Kibiockin, in Tippe- r.;ry, Munfter. KUnfey, Yorkfliire, in Holdcrrefs, near Spui ahead. Kdnfi-y Crag, Yorkftiire, NE. of Settle. Here is a catara61 formed by the river Whirfe, which, Mr. Camden fays, is the higheft and fteepeft he ever law. Kdorgljn, in Kerry, Munfter. Kupeck, Herefoid/hire, near Great Dew- chuicli. Kilpiii, Yorkftiire, E. of Howden. Kdrea^ in Derry, Ulfter. Kilrentlai in Wicklow, Leinfter. * KtLRUSH, a town of Clare, Munfter, 1+1 miles from Dublin Kilfaltaghan, in Dublin, Leinfter. Kil- Jhaniik, in Cork, Muuilcr, S. of the river Blick wafer. Kdftock, Somerfetftiire, near Stokegurfey. Kiltallagh, in Kerry, Munfter. Kiltar- ton, in Galway, Cotinaught. KiLTEARN, a town of Rofffliire. Kilteel, in Kildare, Leinfter. Kilteely, in Limerick, Munfter. KilUrnan, in Dub- lin, Leinfter. Kilton, Nottincrhamftiire, near Workfop. K'dton, Somerfetftiire, on Briftol Channel. Kilton, Yorkftiire, NE. of Gilborough. Kil-ve, Somerl'etfliire, near Kilton . KH-ver- Jtou, Norfolk, NE. of Thetford, Kil'ving- ton. Nottiiighamf. near Normanton. Kil- 'viftgton, N. and 5. Yorkftiire, near Thirik. KHurane, in Wexford, Leinfter. Kil- nvater, in Antrim, Ulfter. Ki'^jL-ick, Yorkftiire, E. Riding, near Watton Abbey. Kilix-ick Percy, York- shire, near Pockling ten, KlLWORTH) K I N KiL\voRTH,atown of Cork, Munfter; at the foot of a large ridge of mountains, called Kilwoith Mountains. Below the town, runs the river Puncheon, which is well ftored wirh trout and falmon, and dif- charges itfelf into the Blackwater. It is 108 miles SW. of Dublin. Kil-vuortb Harcoiiri, Lei,cefterfhire, NW, of Hallaton. Kilrucrtb, N. and S. Lei- cefterflifre, W. of Harboroogh. Kimbelly Great and Little, Bucks, near Wendover. Kimberley, Norfolk, near Hingham. Kirr.- herley, NW. of Nottingham. Kimkerley Hall, Warwickfhire, rear Hurley. Ki/n- bolton, Herefordftiire, NE. of Leominlter. * KiMBOLTON, a town of Huntingdon- shire, 64. miles N. of London. Market on Friday. Kimeridge, Great 2L\\d. Litk, Dorfetfhire, in the Illc of Purbeck, N. of Kimeridge Bay, lometimes called Botteridge Pool. KiMi, a town and diltri6l of'w. Both- nia, about I a miles SE. of Tornea. Kimpton, Hampfhire, SW. of Andover. Klnaflon, NW. of Shrewlbury. Kinajlon, StafFordfliire, W. of Needwood Forcit. KiNBURN, a Ruffian fortrefs, at the mouth of the Dnieper, oppofite Ockzakow. Kincardine-o-Niel, a village of Aber- deenlhii'e, leated on the Dee. Kincardineshire, or Mearns, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Aberdeenlhire, on the E. by the German Ocean, on the W. by the counties of An- gus and Aberdeen, and on the S. by that of Angus. It's length along the co^lf is fcarcely 30 miles ; it's mean breadth is about 17. The country in general is pretty level, producing plenty of corn and pa(- ture, and there are feveral convenient har- bours on the coaft. Inverbervie and Stone- haven are the principal towns. Kinchlej, Durham, near N.wbiggin. Kincolt, Leicefter/lure, E. of Lutterworth. Kinder, Derby (hire, in the High Peak. Kindertoti, Chefhire, near Middlewich. Kii'eley, Northumberland, SW. of Hexham, Kinelmeahy, in Cork, Muiifter. Kinerjley Chcpel, Shropfhire, S. of Knoking Caftle. * KiNETON, a town In Warwickfliire, 80 miles NW. cf London. Market on Tuefday. Kineton Parva, Warwickshire, is n ham- let ot Kineton. Kingbarroiu, Wiltdiirc, near Wilton. Kingerby,U\nco\\i(ime, NW. of Market Railin. Kinget, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. King George's Sound, the name given by Captain Cook, in 1778, to the harbour which he difcovered on the W. eoaft of N. America, at the moith t,J a KIN great river, in Ion. 126. 4.S. W. and iat, 49. 33. N. But the natives called \t Nootka ; the name now generally adopted by the Englifli. Upon the fca-coaft, the land is tolerably high and level ; but with- in the Sound, it rifes inio fteeo hills, which have an uniform appearance. Ths trees, of which the woods are compofcd, are the Canadian pine, white cyprefs, and two or three other forts of pine. In ge- neral, the trees grow here with great vi- gour, and are of a large fize. About the rocks and borders of the woods, were feen fome ftrawbeiry plants and rafpberry, cur- rants, and gooleberry hudies, all in a flou- rifhing ftate. The principal animals feen here were racoons, martens, and fquirrcls. Birds are far from being numerous, and thofe that are to be feeii are remarkably (hy, owing perhaps, to their being conti- nually haralTed by the natives, who take them for food, and ul'e their feathers as ornaments. The variety ot fi/h is not very great here, yet they are in greater quantities than birds. The principal forts are the common herring, a Ijlver- coloured bream, and another of a brown colour- The ftature of the natives is, in general, below the common liandard ; but their perfons are not proportionably Uendcr, being ufually pretty plump, though not mul'cular. The worr.ea are, in general, oi the fame fize and proportion as the men. Their bodies are always covered with rfed paint, but their faces are ornamented with a variety of colours, a black, a bright red, or a white colour j the laft of which gives them a ghaftly and horrible appearance. They appear to be docile, courteous, and good-natured; but they are quick in re- ienting injuries, and as qoickly torget them. A rattle and a fm:All whlltle arc the only inftruments of mufic that were feea among them. Their houfes confill or very long broad planks, reRisg upon the edges of each other, tied in different parts, wttb" withes of pine-bark. Their furniture confifts principally of chells and boxes of vai ious lizes, piled upon each other, at the fides or ends of their houfes, in which are depofjted their garments, and whatever they deem valuable. Tiiey have alfo fquarc and oblong pails, and bowls to eat their food out of, ice. From their curing their filh in their houfes, and leaving the bones and fragments in heaps of filth before the doors, and from their houfes being with- out chimneys, their habitations have • ftrong difagrceable fmcU of train oil, lilh, and Imoke. Kingham, Oxf. near Chipping Norton. li^NGUOKN, a town of Fifeihire, on (ke K I N the N*. fide of the Frith of Forth, oppofite Leith. Kiigle^ Warwickshire, near Ragley. Kinpjey, Lancafhiic, SE. ot Bolron. KiNGROAi), at the mouth of the Avon, ill Briftol Channel, whence the outv/ard bound fhips take their departure. KiiigfrJe, SiilTcx, SW. of Rudgwick. Kings BRIDGE, a pretty town of De- vunfhire, feated at the head of a fmall ri- %er, wliich falls into the Tea a little below, ai^'ording a liarbour for boats. Here is a l->iid£^e over the S.ilcoinb to Dodbrook. It confilts of about 150 houfes, and i!> 218 jniks W. by S. of London. Market on J^atuidav. A'/;2e;'iTow^,Warw'ick(hlrc,'ncarBItfoid. Kijf^'j Brutnptcfi, Sonierfeifhire, 3 miles N. of Dulvcrton. Kingf.'urn, Flerts, between St. Albans and Lutcn. Kingjlury-, Htrts, ■at the W. end of St, Albans. Kingjburj, Middlefex, between Hendon and Harrow on tlie Hill. Kingjhury, Soinerfetfl)ire, near Chard. Kingjbury, Warwicklhire, on the river Tame. King^i Chapet, liere- >ord(hire, between Rofs and Holm Lacy. KiN'GSCLEAR,apleafant town in H^mp- fhire, 9 miles N. by W. of Bifingltoke, and 56 SSW. of London. Market on Tuei.lay. Kiirg^s Cliff, Northamptondiire, 6 miles S. of Stamford. King/cot, Gloucefterihire, E. of Ihirdcy. King's Crofs, Bedfordfhire, between Bedford and Newenham. King's County, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 34 miles in length, and from 30 to 17 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by Weft Meathj on the E. by Klldare and Queen's County ; on the S. by Qi^een's County and Tippe- rary ; and on the W. by the river Shannon and a part of Tipperary. The foil is va- rious ; in ]bme parts it is very fertile, in others not fo rich, nor fo well inhabited as fbme other counties. It contains 52 pa- ri/hes, about 13,536 houils, and 74,500 inhabitants: the capital is Philipllown. King''s Court, in Cavan, Uliier. Kingfditch, Warwickf. near Tamworth. Ki?igf(ion, Somerfctf. between Ilchefterand Somerton. King/dorvn, Kent, on thecoaft, rear Oxncy. KingfJoivn, Kent, NW. of Wrotham. KingJJoxvn, Kent, SW. of Fcverfham. Kingfdonjon, Somerfeif. near Bath. Kingfty, Bucks, near Thame in Oxfordlhire. King's Ferry, Kent, from the main land toSheppey Ille. KingsforJ, or Kington, VVarwickl'. in BickenhiH and Solihull parifhes. Kingjhntn, Upper and l.oii:tr, Htref. SW. i.t'Wigmoie Callle. King's Hiirbor, Middl. N. of Hour.flow Htith. King's, or K:::ghfs Hill, Surry, K I N near Bilftow Caufcy. Kingfbaugh, Nott. NE. of Tiixford. King/holm, near Glou- ccller. Kingjlurjl, Waiw. W. of Coleftiill. Kings Island. SeePEARL Islands. Kint^fiand, Dorlistf. in Nctherby parifh. Kingftand, Herefoidf. W. of Lcominfter. Kinyjlmid, near Shrewfbuiy. Kingjland, Middlefex, between Hoxton and Clapton. King/ley, Chefli. SE. of Frodfham. KingJ- ley, Hants, E. of Alton. Kingjhy, Statf. on the Churnet. King's Lodge, Kutl. on the Chater. King's Manor, Wilts, in Clarendon Park. King's Melhourn, Weft- morland, \V. of Appleby. King's Moor, Cumberland, near Carllfte. King's Norton, Worcellerlhire. Ktngfnortk, Kent, S, of Afhford. King's Oak, Elfex, between Waltliam Abbey and tl)e Chace. King's Peon, Heref'jrdlhire, E. of Weblcy. Kuig's River, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Kingjih'jrp, near Northampton. King- JJon, 6 miles SW. of Cambridge. King, jhn, Dcvonf. 6 miles NW. of Kingfbridge. King/Jon, Dorletfhire, S. of Corte Caftle. Kiiigjion, Gloucef. in Thornbury parifti. K'n^jlon, Gloucef. in Slimbiidge parl/h. Kingjion, Hants, S. of Alresfoid. King. Jlon, Hants, near Portfmouth. Kingjicn, Heref. near the Golden Vale. Kingjhn, Ille of Wight, in E. Medina. KmgftoHf Kent, near Baiham Dawns. Ki'.gjlon, Nottingh. on the Soare, near Lcicefterfhire. Kingjhn, Sonierf. near Somerton. Kitig- Jion, Somerf. near Taunton. Kingjion, So- merfetf. between Crewkhern and Ilminfter. Kingjion, Somerf. S. of Clevedon. King- jion, Staff, near the Blyth. Kiugfton, Suf- fex, E. of Arundel-Haven. Kingjion, Suf- fex, SW. of Lewes. Kingjhn, Warwick- fljire, near Claverdon. KingJJon Bdgpur, Berkfliire, W. of Abingdon. Kingjion, in Wicklow, Leinfter. KiNGSTON'-upoN-HuLL. See Hull. * Kingston-L'pon-Thames, a large and ancient town of Surry, feated on the Thames, over which there is a bridge. It is 1 1 nules SW. of London, Mauket 00 Saturday. Kingston, a town of Jamaica, in the W. Indies, leafed on the N. fide of the bay of Port-Royal. It was built after the great eaithquake in 1692, and is now a large town, about a mile in length and half a mile in breadth. It is laid out into little fqu'jres and crofs ftreets, is a place of good trade, and is much rtforted to by merchants and ft amen, becaufe of the fhips which come to load and unload their car- goes here. Lat. ! 7. 5c. N. Ion. 76. 52. W. Kingston, or Kyneton, a large town in Hereford flilre, on the river Arrow, with a £;ood trade in nairow cloth. It is 15 K I N 1 5 tr.iles NVV. of Hereford, and 1+9 WNW. ot London. Market on Wtd- nefday. Kingflon i7/7//and Kingjioji Lacy, Dor- fetfhiij, iitar Winborne Mialter. Ki^igjlon L'jie, Berks, near Wantage. Kingjjon Maarnvood, E. of Dorchetter. Kingjhn North, Djri'etihire, N. of Bere Regis. Kingston Russel, a town neur Dor- chpitd. M.irket on Thurfday. Kingflon Wood, Kent, SE. of Maidftone. King Sutton, Nurdiamptonf. near Aftrop "Weils, Kingfiuere, Dcvonf. near Dart- niourh-Havcn. King's IVeJimi, Glcucef. in Henbury pariih. Kingf^ivold, Kent, near Waliiicr-Caftle. Kingfi'jood, Dor- ieti", in Purbeck Ifle. Ki/igfiuood, Ifle of Wigiif, in E. Medina. Khigf^wjod, Shrop- /liire, between VVellino^tca an i StafFord- iliire. Kingpivood. W n, the ancient province of Galloway. Kirkcuribrightrture is bourd- ed on the NE. by Ayrlhire and Dumfrief- fliire ; on the S. by ! he Solway Frith and the Iri/li Sea; and on the W. by Wi^ton- fliire and Ayrfliire. It's extent from N. to S. is nearly 30 miles, and from E. to W. about 43. Here is gr.:K pknty of fine paft'ire, and numerous flocks of (heep and fmall cattle. Kirkdale, Lane, near Liverpool. Kirk- dale, Y.Tk!. near Kirby Moorhde. Kirk Dightojt, YorkHiire, N. of Wetherby. Kirkcel, in D.wn, Uiller, Kirkella, Yorkfhire, W. 01 Hull. KiRKHAM, a town in Lanca/hire, (lands near ihe mouth of the Ribble. It has a ccnnder.iblf manufacture ot fail- cloth, and is 18 miles S. of Lancafter, and 2*3 NNW. of London. Market on Tiiefday. Kirkham, Yorkf. SW. of N. Malton. Kirkhammertan, Yoikl'. between Knaref- borough and Htifey Moor. Kirkharle, Northumb. near Kirk Whelpingtun. Kirk- baugh, Northumberl. near Alllon Moor. Kirkheaton, Northumberland, SE. of Kirk Whelpington. Kirkheaton, Yorkfliire, E. of Huthcrsficld. Kirkland, Cumberland, NE. of Penrith. Kirkijloivn, in Down, Ulfter. Kirkland, Cumb. near Bothell, on the road between Cockermouth and Carlifle. Kirkland, Lancaf. near Garftang. Kirk- lees, Yorkfliire, 3 miles from Huddersfield, on the river Calder. Kirk Letkiim, Yorkf. near the mouth o'i the Tees. Kirk-Lfuen- ton, Cumb. NW. of Brampton. Kirk- Leventon, Yorkf. near Yarum. Kirklej, Northumb. N. of Pont Eland. Kirkling. ion, Nott, near Southwell. KrkluigiO'i, Oxfordf. NE. of Woodllock. Kirllington, Yorkfliire, between Mafliam and ThirfK. Kirklin'.on, Cumberland, near Stanwix. Kirkmigkel, a river in the Ille ot Man, running into the fea at Kirkmighel. KiRicosWALD, a town of Cumberland, feated upon a hill, near the river Eden, 292 miles NW. of London. Market on Thurfday. * K1RKPATR.1CK, a town of Scotland, in Dumbartonfniie, lying E. of the town of DLimbarton. The vcfliges of the Ro- man wall, built by Antoninus, extend front K I S from the Fivth of CiytJe at this place, to the Frith ot Forth, and is called by the country people, Grahrun's Dike. Kir/: Snndal, Yorkfhire, near Doncafter. Kirkfeek, Line. SE. of Grantha;n, Kirk's- Head, Welim, near Levens. Kirkjop, or Kirfop, a rivtr in Cumberland, running into the Eden near Burgh-Sands. Kirk- fial, YorkHiire, NW. oi Ltcds. Ktrkjled, Line, near Tatterfhall. Kirkjion, Nott. N. of Bingham. Kirkthvjait, E. md H'. Cumber!, in Weft ward parifli. Kirkton, Line. S. of B.'fton. Kirkton-Holm, Line. SW. of Bolton, l-.a.l a market, now dif- ufed. Kirkton-lfhelpington, Northumberl. on the Wanlpeck, NW. of KIrkharlc. Kirkwall, a lea- port of Scotland, capital of Orkney, the principal of the iflands of that name, is built upon an in- let of the fea, on the E. fide of the irlaiid. Here is the ftately cathedral of Sr. Mag- nus. It is 45 miles from Dungft)y-He^d, the mod NE. promontory of Scotland. Lat. s8. 58. N. Ion. ^. 57. W. Kirmiugton, Line. NE. of Glandford- Bridge. Klymo/id-in-tke M/r^, Line. NE. of M:nket-Raifin. Kirfiey, Yorkfhire, SE'. of Wakefield. Klrjled, Norfolk, NW. of London-Eaftcote. Kir/loiu, Devonftiiie, between Moreton and Exminfter. Kirthies, Cornwall, SW. ot Penzance. Kirtli/igton, Nottinghaififtiire, N. of Southwell. Kirt- lotu, Suffolk, S. of Loweitoff. KiRTON, a town of Lincolnfliire, feat- ed on the edge of Lincoln- Heath, gives name to it's hundred, in whicli are 4 vil- lages of the fame name. It -is 20 miles N. of Lincoln^ and 151 NW. ot London. Market on Saturday. Kiriofi, Nottinghamfhire, W. of Tux- ford. Kirtofi, Sufiolk, near Bawdfey- Haven. Kifeby, Llncolnf. S. of Fokingham. KiSMlsH, a fertile ifland in the Gulf of Periia, W. of Ormus. It is about 50 Hiiles in circumference, and remarkable for it's pearl fidiery. KiSTi, one of the feven Caucafian na- tions, that inhabit the countries between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. They confill of 16 different diltriifs, or tribes, which are often at variance with each other, and with their neighbours. Their dialefts appear to have no analogy with any known language, and their hiftory and origin are utterly unknown. Thole belonging to the diftriflsof Wapi, Angulhr, and Shal- kha, fubmirted to Ruflia in 1770. The Tflietflien tribe is fo numerous and war- like, and has given the Ruffians !b much trouble, that it's name is ufually given by them to the whole Kifti nation. The la- gufni live in villages n«ar each other, con- K ^J A talning about 20 cr3ohoufess they are dili- gent huibrtndmen, and ricli in cattle. Many of their villages have a ftone tower, which ferves, in time of war, as a retreat to their women and children, and a magazine for their etTefls. Thefe people are all armedj and have the cuftom of wearing ftiiclds. Tlicir relig^ion is very fiiBple, but has ibme traces of Chriitianity. They believe in one God, whom they call Dtile, and, on the hrit day of the week, relt from labour. They eat pork, and have a faft in fpring, and another in fummer. They obferve no ceremonies either at births or deaths j but they aliow ot polygamy, and, at certain times, a flicep is faci ificed by a perlbn wlio feems to be conlidered as a kind of prielt, as he is obliged to live in a (fate of celibacy. A fingular fort of hofpitality is attributed to theie people by Major Rennel- " When a gueft, or ftranger, comes to lodge v^ith thetn, one of the hoft's daughj- ters is obliged to receive him, to unfaddle and feed his horfe, take care of his bag- gage, prepare his dinner, pafs the nigtit with him, and continue at his difpofal dur- ing his Itay." KiSTNA, a river of Hindooftan, which rifes on the E. fide of the Gauts, and crofling almoft the whole of the peninliila, falls into the Bay of Bengal, between Ma- fulipatam and Nizampatam, in the circar of Guntoor. KiTTERY, a town of N. America, in the province of Miin, famous for Ihip- building. It is fented on the E. fide of the mouth of the Pil'cataqua. Kittesford, Somerl". W. of Wellington. Kitfs-Coity-Houfe, Kent, N. of Aylesford, a monument of (tones, fomething like Stonchenge, where Cotigern, a Britifh chief, was killed by Hnria, a Saxon gene- ral. Ki'vcton-To-iAjer, Yorkfhire, 6 miles from Rotheram. Klattau, a town of Pilfen, Bohemia. Klette.neurg, a town of SwifTer- land ; and a town and lordfliip of Upper Saxony. Klundert, a fortrefs of S. Holland. Knahill, Bijhop^s, E. and IF. or Knoyle^ Wilts, between Hindon and Mere. Knapdale, a diftrift of Argylefhire, N. of Cantire. Knape, Somerfetf. near Curry-Mallet. K7iapthorp, Notting. NW. of New-rk. Knuptojt, Leic. E. of Lutterworth. Kne^p- ton, N.^rfoik, between N. WaKham and the fea. Knapton, Yorkfliirc, SVV. of York. Knapton, Yorkf. by Pickering Common. Kru-.pzudl, 6 miles NW. of Cambridgel". *KnaRESBOROUGU, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkfliire, pleaianrly Icated on » ' the K >: o vhe river Nid, on a niggcl, rough rock. li is famovis tor 4. niedicinnl fprings, and is I J? miles W. by N. of York, and an N. by VV. of London. Marktt on Wed- ntlilay. KnarcfJale, Northiimb. N\V. of Kirk- hau-gli. Kna/hn, Djrl'ctl. between Rinp;- wood and Vuol. Knath, LinColnf. near CJaiiifl)orongl). Knaton, Yorkl'. between Bmrowby and Tliirfk. Knave/ion, Lei- ctfterftiire, S. of Hallaton. Knwvefwell, Dorfcrfhire, near Aylewood. KnEEWORTH, Herts, between Hert- ford and Hitchin. Maiket on Friday. Knedini^ton, Yorkniire, near Howden. Kntrfddli:, Nott. N VV. of Newark. Knep- Cnjlle, Suil'ex, near Grinftead-Park. Kiief- 'zvorth, Cambi idgef. i mile from Roylton. K'U'ton, Yorkiliire, between Richmond and Diilington. Knetj}uill,SuS. E. ofTliet- ford. Knet'eton, Nott. between Notting- ham and Newark. KnenxjJon, Northumb. W. of Blanchland. KnighlbrUge, Berks, near Ncwberjy. Knigktcote, Warvv. NE. of Kineton. Knightcjion, Devonf. near St. IVInry's-Ottery. Knightejhn, Dorfetf. in Purbeck lile. Knigktley, W. of Stafford. Knigktlo-LV-Hi'l, or Crofs, AVarw. on the road from Coventry to London, at tiie en- tiance of Dunfmore-Heath. Knighton, a fair, well built, trading town of Radnorfhire, feated in a valley on the river Tend, 14. ntiles NW. of Here- lord, and IJ5 NW. of London. Market on ThnriUay. Knighton, Devonfliire, near Chidleigh. Kmghion, Ifle of Wight, in Newchurch pandi. Knighton, S. of Leioertcr. Knigh- ton, Staffordf. NE. of Drayton in Shropf. KnightO)!, Wilts, near Salifbury. Knigh- ton, Worcef. 3 miles NE. of Tenbury. Knighton, E. Dorfetf, NW. of Blandford. Knighton, IV. SE. of Dorchelier. Knight}'- bridge, a village of Middlefex, adjoining London, on the great weftern road. Knigh.'/l'fidge, in Cork, Munfter. Knight''s-Green, Gloucef. near Afliel- worth. Knightjlhorp, Leic. near Lough- borough. Knigbtavick, Wore, near Brom- yard. Knill, Hcrefordf. S. of Pitlfeign, in Radnor;'. KniJlro-iv-Hilf,' Ghucd. near Pdinfwick. Kniperjley, Staff, in Biddulph parilh. Knipton, Lciccfterl. S. of Belvoir- Caftle. Kni'Vfton, Derb. SW. of Wirkf- worth. Knock, Wtitm. N. of Appleby. Kr.cckany, in Limerick, Munller. Knock- arding, in Tipperary, Ivliinftcr. Knock- boy, in Monaghan, Ulfter. Knocheroghcry, in Kolcommon, Connaiight. Knocking-CaJiUt Shroplhire, SE. of Of- wtltry. Kaoiklotle, in Antrim, Uifter. Knock' K O L /o/ty, in Tipperary, Mmfter, on the banks ot tlie Suir. Knocliong, in Limerick, Munfter. Knockmeleioixin, a mounfain in Waterford, Munt'icr. Knockmill, in Carlow, Leinlier. Knockmourne, in Wa- terford, Munlter. Knochmyland, in Kil- kenny, Leinfter. Knocknernariff, in Cork, Munlfer. Knockniclajhy, Knocknifiofs, and Knockowne, liills in Cork, Munfttr. * Knoctophur, a town of Kilkenny, Leinfter, 63 miles from Dublin. Knoll, Dorfetftiire, near E. Lulworth, Knoll, Dorfetfliirc, E. of Buckland- Abbas. Knoll, Giouc. near Briftol. Kmll, Kent, near Sevtnoaks. Knoll, Surry, in Cianley parirt). Knoll, Warw. NW. of Balfhall. KnoHe, Do\i'(it.L near Corfe-Caftle. Knoll- Hill, Effcx, N. of Havering. KnotJJiall, Suffolk, SE. of Saxmundham. *KiNOTSFORD, a town in Chefliire, di- vided into the Upper and Lower, by a ri. vulet called Bicken. It is 7 miles NE. of Northwich, and 173 NNW. of London, Market on Saturday. Knotting, Bedfordf. W. of Bu/hmead. Knottingley , Yorkshire, near Ferrybridge. Knoivejlty, Lane. 5 miles from Liverpool. Knonvle, Dvivonfiiire, in Farway paiiili. Kno-Tvle, Devonf. near Exmouth. KnoiKlcy Dorfetfhire, near Corfe- Cattle. Knouclg^ Somerfeti'. S. of Bruton. Knoivle-Green% Middlefex, near Staines. Knozvle-Hillf Somcrfetf. nep.r Langport. Knozvles-Hill, Derbyf. near Stanton. Kno-cvl,'on,Doriht- fhire, near Hoiton. Knozvlton, Kent, near Wingham. Knoivjion, Devoni". near S. Moulton. Knoyle, Eaji, Wilts, near Hindon. Knuke, Wilts, near Heytefbury. Knutjlall, Stafforddiire, S. of Leek. Knut- ton, Staffordfhire, near Newcaftle-under- Line, Knyno, a river in Pembrokefhire. KoEi-T.ACHEOU, a province of China, one of the fmalklV in that empire, and full of macceffible mountains. It is inhabited by a people who are independent, and who would never fubmit to the laws of the em- pire. However, the emperor has found means to build forts therein, and garrifon fome of the towns ; but all the taxes they can raife here will not defray the expence. This province is remarkable for it's cop- per-mines, and, between the mountains, there are feveral fruitful valleys. They have neither iilk nor cotton, and therefore they make their cloth of a Ibrt .of gra!'s, like hemp. Their cows, rtags, and wili hens are nuinerous, and the horfes are the belf in China. Kola, a town of the RuHian govern- ment of Archangel, and the capital of Rufllan Lapland. It has a good harbour on the river Kola, near the bay ot the f%(fie K O N fame name in the Frozen Ocean, Lat. 68. 34.. N. Ion. 32. 26. E. Kolomna. See Columna, KoLYVAN, a government oi the Ruf- fian empire, bounded on the N. by the go- vernment of Tobolfk, on the E. by that of Irkutlk, and on the S. and W. by Tartary. It's capital, of the fame name, is feated on the Oby, 480 miles SSE. of Tobollkoi. This country has produilive diver mines, ^which have been called t;ie Potofi of Ruf- fia. KONGSBERG, a town of Aggerhuys, Norway, celebrated for it's lilver mines. It contains about looo houfes, and 6000 inliahitants. It is 45 miles SW. of Chriftiania. KONGSvviNGER, a town of Chriftiania, Norway, containing about 50 Imall wooden houfes. It is 42 miles NE. of Chriliiania. KoNlGSBERG,a townot Saxe-V/eimar, Franconia ; alio a town of the New March, Brandenburgh; with feveral otlier towns in Germany; and one in Hungary. KONICSEGG. See CoNIN'GSECK. KoNiGSHOFFEN, a town of Mentz, Lower Rhine. KoNiGSLUTTER, a town of Brunf- wick-VV'olfenbuttle, Lower Saxony. KoNiGSTEiN, a town of Meifien, Up- per Saxony, ufed as a place of confinement for itate prifoners : alfo a town of Bavai ia, and a town of tlie Upper Rhine, both in Germany ; and a fortrefs of Norway. Ko KINGS BERG, the capital of the king- dom of Prufha, with an unlverfity, and a magnificent palace, in which is a hail, 274 feet long, and 59 broad, without pillars to fupport it, and a handfome library. The town-houre, the exchange, and the cathedral, are fine ftrui^ures. The tower of the caftle is very high, and has 284 fteps to the top, whence there is an cxten- five profpe<5t. There are 18 churches in all, of whicli 14 arc Lutherans, 3 Calvi- nifts, and t is Roraifli. The number of houfes is about 3800. The town is about 7 Englifh miles in circumference, and, in- cluding the garrifon of 7000 men, contains 60,000 inhabitants. It Itands on the Pregel, a navigable river, which herr; falls into the ealtern extremity ol the Frifclie Haf, an inlet of the Baltic. No (hips drawing more than 7 feet water can pais the bar, and come up to the town ; i"o that the large velTtls anchor at Pillau, a I'mail town on the Biltic, whicli is the poi t of Koningiberg; and the merchandife is lent up in (mailer veffels. The trade of Ko- nirigfberg is very confiderable. It is 125 miles N. of Warfaw. Lat. 54. 42. N. Ion. 20, 4?, E. K O R KOKINGSGRATZ, a ciicle of Bohemia* with it's capital, leaied on the EJbe. KoNiTZ, a town of Schwartzburs: Ro- dolliadt, Upper Saxony; a bailiwick oi Berne, Swifferland ; and a town of Pome- rsJia, PiufTia. Kg PORE, a town and river in the go- vernment of St. Pctrrfburgh, Ru/fia. KoPYL, a town of Novogrodeck, Li- thuania. KoRiACS, a nation on the borders of Kamtfchatka, tributary to the Ruffians. There are two forts of Koriacs. Tliofe who are properly called by that name have a fixed refidence : the others are wander- ers, and are known by the appellation of Raindeer Koriacs. Their flocks are very numeious, and they maintain them by conducing them to thole cantons that abountl with mofs. Wlien thele palUircs are ex'iaulfed, they feck for others. In this manner they wander about inccffantlv, encamping under tents of fkin, and fup- porting themfcives with the protluce of their deer, which are as ferviceable for draught to the Koriacs, as the dogs are to the Kamtfchadales. Their country is terminated to the S. by the peninfula of Kamtfchatka, and the Gulf of Pen- ginlk; to the E. by the Ocean ; to the N. by the country of the Tehoukchis ; a.'. J ;o the W. by the Tongoufes, the Laniouis, and the Yakouts. It is confidently nf- ferted, that this country was formerly very populous, and that the fmallpox had made very confiderable ravages; but it is doubt- ed whether that difeale has carried off more of the inhabitants than their iiecjUv-nt contefts with their neighbours, and w'uK the Ruffians. The number of fixed Ko- riacs fcarcely exceeds, at prefent, 500 ; and though it is not eafy to calculate that of the wandering Koriacs, it is imagined that they do not much furpafs this amount. Their regular occupation is hunting and fifliing; hut every feafon will not permit them to follow it. During thefe intervals, fluit up in their profound liabitations, they fleep, fmoke, and get drunk. Thoughf- Icis of the future, without rcgiet for tie paff, they come not out of their yourts till the molt urgent neceffity compels them. Thcfe yourts are larger than thofi; of the northern Kamtfchadales, hut are diftri- buted nearly in the fame manner, and are hardly more clean or comfortable, as they Inve not a venthole, or chiirney, for tire cmiffion of the fmoke. Like the Kaint- i'chadaks they live upon dried fifh, and the flefh and fat of the whale and fea-vvolf. The whale is commonly eaten raw, and the fea-woit dried and cooked in the fain- ■J. manner K R A Tninncr as their fi(h, except the fmews, the iJianow, the brain, and, now and I'len, a ftice of the fltfh, winch they devour rnw with extreme avidity. Rein-deer is their favourite difli. Vegetables alfo (orm a part of their food : they gather in autuinn various forts of berries, of a part of which they make tlieinfelves a refiefliing beve- rage, and tlie relt is bruiled to powder, and kneaded with the oil of the whale or fea-wolf. Their pafilon for ftrong liquors, increafed by tiic dearnefs uf brandy, and the difficuhy of procuring it, has led them to invent a drink equally potent, which they exiraft from a red mufliroom, known in RiifTia as a ftrong poilon by the name of Moukhamorr. They put it in a vefiTcl with certain fruits, and it has fcarcely time to clarify wiien their friends are in- vireu to partake of it. Tlie entertainment lalls for one, two, or three days, till the beverage is exhaufted. Frequently, that they may not fail of being intoxicated, they eat the raw mufhroom at the fame time. The wandering Koriacs have the fame charailci iftic outlines as the ICamt- fchadales. Among the women, particu- larly, there are very few who have not funk tyes, flat nofes, and prominent cheeks. The men are almoft entirely beardlefs, and bave fliort hair. The women carry their children in a kind ofnelt, or bafket arched over, in "which tlie infant is placed in a fitting polture, and fheltered from the weather. The Koriacs acknowledge a Supreme Being, the Creator of all things, and imagine that the fun is his throne, or palace. They addrefs no prayer to him j goodnefs, tliey fay, is his eflence; all the good that exilts in the world proceeds from him ; and it is im.pofiible that he fhould rio an injuiy. The principle of evil they confider as a malignant Ipirit, and, to ap- ptafe his wrath, otFer up, as expiatory fa- crifices, various animals newly born ; as rein-deer and dogs, alio the fird fruits of their hunting and fifhing, and whatever they poU'el's that is molt valuable. KosEL, a town of Oppeln, Siielia. KosTEL, a town of Biunn, Moravia. KosTROMAj a governmen: of the Ruf- fiam empire, formerly included in that of Mofcow, The capital is Koftrotna, feat- ed on the river Volga, 168 miles NE. of Mjfcow. KowNO, a town of Troki, Lithuania. KRA1NBUK.G, a town of Bavaria. Krai N BURG, a town of Aullria. Kranowitz, a town of Troppau, SIhiia. Krappitz, a town of Oppeln, Silefia. KKASi*o\v,atowuoi VolhyniajPoland. K U B Krasnoslaw, a town of Chclm, Po- land. Krf.kythe, a town of Carnarvonshire, fcated on the Iii/li Sea, near Traeth- Ama- wer Bay, 1 2 miles S. by £. of Carnarvon, and 237 NW. of London. Market on Wediielday. Krempe, a town of Danifli Hoifteln. Krems, a town and river of Auftria. Krcjio^'j, Bucks, SW. of Wing. Krk- kicth, Shropfliire, near Trcvelock-Foieft. Kr!:IHng-Park, Yorkf. E. of Pontefrafl. Krumlaw, a town of Prachalitz, Bo- hemia. Kruxhaven, CRUXHAVEN.orCux- HAVEN, a lea-port ot Bremen, on the German Ocean, between the mouths of the Elbe and the Vv'efer. KuBESHA, a large town of Afia, in the country of the Leiguis, one of the 7 Cau- calian nations, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. Colonel Gaeber, who wrote an account of thefe countries in 1728, gives the following defcription of this very curious place: ♦' Kubcftia is a large, ftrong town, fituated on a hill, between high mountains. It's inhabitants call themfelves Franki (Franks, a name com- mon in the eaft to ail Europeans) and re- late, that their anceftors were brought hi- ther by fome accident, the particulars of which are now forgotten. The common conjecture is, that they were ca(t away upon the coaft; but thofe who pretend to be better verled in tiieir hirtory, give the following account : The Greeks and the Genoefe carried on, during feveral centu- ries, a confiderable trade, not only on the Black Sea, but on the Cafpian, and were certainly acquainted with the mines con- tained in thefe mountains, from which they drew, b) their trade with the inha- bitants, great quantities ot filver, copper* and other metals. In oider to work, theft upon the fpoi, they lent hither a nuinber of workmen, to eftablifli manufai^tures, and inftrudl the inhabitants. The fuble- quent invafions of the Arabs, Turks, and Ivlonguls, during which the mines were filled up, and llie manufaftures abandoned, prevented the ftrangers from efi"efting their return ; fo that they continued here, and ereftefi themfelves into a republic. They are hill excellent artifts, and make very good fire arms, fabres, coats of mail, and feveral articles in gold and filver, for exportation. Thty have likewil'e, for their own defence, fmall copper cannon, of three pounds calibre, caft by themlclves. They coinTurkilli and Perfian filver money, and even rubles, which readily pafs current, btcaufe they arc of the full u eight and va- lue. K U R K Y T Jue. In their valleys, they have pafture which is named Paramoufic, were firft vi. and arable land, as well as gardens; but (ited by the Ruffians in 1713, and at the they purchak the greater part of their larnc time brought under their dominion, corn, trufting chitfly for their lupport to The others, in "order, are at prefent made the lale of their manufaflures, which are tributary down to Oolhefheer inclufive. much admired in Turkey, Perlia, and the Ocfhelheer is the fouthernmolt ifland that Crimea. Tlity are generally in eafy cir- tlie Ruillans have yet brought under their cumftances, and are a quiet, inufFenlive dominion, but they trade to Ooroop, which people, but high-fpirited and independent, is the iSth. A grovp of iflands lies to Their town is confidered as a neutral I'pot, the S*.V. which the japanefe call Jefo ; a. where the neighbouring princes can dtpo- name which they alio give to the whole fit their treafures with lafety. They eleft chain of iftands between Kamtfchatica and yearly twelve m^giftrates, to whom they Japan. The fouthcrnmoft, called Mat- pay the mod unlimited obedience; and, mai, hath been long fubjtft to the Japa- as all the inhabitants are on a footir.g of nrle, and is fortified and garriloned on the the molt perfecl equality, each indivi(iual fide toward the continent. is fure to hare, in his turn, a Ihare in the KuRSK, a government of the RufTian empire, formerly part of that of Bielgorod. It's capital, of the lame name, is Hated on the Sem, 240 miles S. of Mofcow. KuJJimcre, Suffolk, SE. of Beckles. KuTTENBURG, a town of Czallaw, Bohemia, remarkable for it's filver mines, Kyar, Worcefterfliire, near Tenbury. Kylbi/rg, in Treves, Lower Rhine. Kyle, in Wexford, L°inlter. Kjley, Northumb. between Barrington government. In the year 1725, their ma- giftrates, as well as the Ufniel, or Khan ot the Caitaks, acknowledged the Ibve- reignty of Ruffia, but without paying any tribute. KuFSTEiN, a fmall town of Auftria, on the Inn, in the Tirolefe. Kimhridgc, Dorfetfhire, S. of Wareham. KuR, a large river of Afia, which riles in Armenia, and palling by Tefflis, and through the whole of Georgia, and part of and Holy Ifland. Kyitte, N. and S. Line. Schirvan, Sec. falls into the Cal'pian Sea, SW. of Tatterfhall. Kymere, Suffejc, near 70 miles SSW. of Baku. Ditchling. Kymeton, Somerletf. between KuRAB, a town of Peiila, capital of Sherborn and Queen Camel. Kyme Church, Kelcar, 2 miles irom the Cafpian Sea. Heref. near Munno. Kynefley, Shropf. N. Kurgan, a river and province of Per- fia. The former rifes in Corafan, and after watering Altrabad, falls into the Cafpian Sea. KuRtLES, a chain of iflands, extend- ot Wellington. Kyneton, Gloucef. in the parilh of Guiting- Temple. Kyneton, Shropfhire, SW. of Pembridge. Kyneton, Som.erl'etf. NE. of Somerton, is naturally paved, tor half a mile together, with one ing from the fouthern extremity of Kamt- fmooth broad rock, which relembles ice. fchatka to Japan ; chiefly valuable for their Kynley, Gloucefterf. in Nimpsficid parifh. furs, particularly that of the lea-otter. Kynncrtcn, or Kinezvarton, Warw, near The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of Aulcefter. Kynolton, Nott. near Nether- Lopatka, who were theml'cives called Ku- Broughton. Kyre-fVyre, Wore. 3 miles riles, gave thefe iilunds the fame name, as loon as they became acquainted with them. They are iz in number, exciulive of the very fmall ones. The northernmoll iHand, which is called Shoomlka, and the next. SE. of Tenbury. Kyre-Miiior, Wore, a hamlet adjoining Kyre-Wyre. Kyfeby, Lincolnlhire, SW. of Fokingham. Kyte-. HtrJxviCf Warvvickfliire, between Lamb- cote and Edsrehill. LAB LAA, a town of Auftria, 4 miles S. of Vienna. Lahacally, an ancient, rude, lepulchral monument, in Cork, Munlfer. It conlilts of large flags, (one of which is 17 feet long, 9 broad, and, in the middle, 3 feet thick) placed horizontally on others which are upright, and is about midway be- tween G knwurth and Kilworth. LAB Labia, a town of Tuikey, in Sit- via. Labiau, a town of Samland, Pruflia. Labcrn, Kent, near Mailing. Laborn, Sun\ , near Godalmin. Labortye, SulFcxj E. of Eaft Grinftead. Labouro, a tract of France, on the Bay of Bilcay, which made part of Bafques. Bviyonne was the capital. It 'Zt abo;iB«s LAB abounds In fruit, and is now Inchnlcd in the department of Lower Tyrcnces. Labrador, an extciifivc country to tl\e K. ot lluillon's Biiy, in N. Americ:i. The climate, even ;iIhjiiI Haye's River, in only lit. 57. N. is cxcefliveiy cold during winter. The fnows begin to l:dl in Octo- ber, antl continue f:illii)g, by intervals, the whole winter; and, when the trolt is moft vigorous, in form of the fined fand. The ice on the rivers is then 8 feet thick ; port wine freezeu in a ioljd niafs ; brandy coa- gulates ; and the very breath falls on the blankets of a bed in the form of a hoar frort. The fun rifcs in the fhortelt day at five minutes pa(f nine, and lets five mi- nutes before three. In the longell, it rifes at three, and fets aho\it nine. The ice begins to difappear in May, and hot wea- ther commences about the middle of June, which, at times, is io violen:, as to Icoich the faces ot the hunters. Thunder is not frequent, but fouietimes violent. But there mull be a great difference ot heat and cold in this valt extent, which reaches from lat. 50. 40. to lat. 6i. N. Mock funs and halos are not imfrequent : they are very bright, and richly tinged with all the colours of the- rainbow. The fun riles and lets with « large cone of yellowiih light. The night Is enlivened by the au- rora borealis, which fpreads a variety of different lights and colours over the whole concave ot the Iky, not to becclipfed even by the fplendor of the full moon, and the ftars of a fiery rednel's. The animals in thel'e countries are, the mooie-dcer, ftags, reln-deers, bears, tigers, liuffaloes, wolves, foxes, beavers, otters, lynxes, martins, fquirrels, ermines, wild- cats, and hares. The feathered kinds are geefe, bultards, ducks, patridges, and all kinds of wild fowl. Their fiih are whales, morfes, feals, codfilh, ami a white filh preferable to her- rings ; and, in their rivers and frclh wa- ters, pike, perch, carp, and trout. All the quadrupeds in tlsefe countries are clothed with a clofe, foft, warm fur ; and even the dogs and cats from Britain, that have been carried into Iludlon's Bay, on the approach of winter, have changed their appearance, and acquired a much longer, fotter, thicker coat of hair tlian they ori- ginally had. In fummer there is here, as in other places, a varietv in the colour of the leveral animals ; when that feafon is over, whici» holds only for three months, they ail affmne the livery of winter, and everv fort of beads, :!nd mod of their fowls, nre of the colour of the fnow : every thing nnimattand inanlnwte is while. Theloil, lathe parts that aie kHo^n, is poor, yet L A 1) tliff coad abounds with Urge, convenienf, and fafe harbours. In the bays are thou- fmds of idands, wherein inniinierabie mul- titudes of eider-duck'^, and other water- fowl breed. The climate is remarkably healthy, and few jmrts ot the worhl pro- duce better fms. There are fevcrnl Mo- ravian fettlements on the E. coad, the principal of which "is Nain. Lahriin, Y'jrkdiire, N. of Mldlam. I.r- certony Dorletfliire, near Stourpaire. Ltjch, near Cheder. J.aclford, Chcdiire, near Warrington. Lachittgdoni'£.K<.yi, NW.uf Burnham. Lack, or Bischoffs-Lack, a town of Carniola, trading in iron, dcel, quick- filver, com, and linen. ladforJ, Suftolk, SE. of Mlldenhall. Lackmore-Eud, Middl. near Enfield Waftt. Lacork, Wills, near Chippenham. La- cock, Yorkdilre, W. of Keighley. Lcrcort, Sluopf. NT^. of Weni. LoJI'rook, Warw. S. ot Southam. Laden, a river in Heref. Ladf.mju kc, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, circle of the Lower Rhine ; and a town of Ofnaburg, Wedphalia. Lndford, Devonlhire,in Shebbear piridi. Lc.dle-HUl, Hants, iic-ar Sidmanton. La- dock, Cornwall, NE. o: Truro. Lado(;a, a lake in Rndia, fitnated be- tween the Gulf of Finland, and tl-.e Lake of Onega. Ft is 100 miles long, and from 50 to 60 broad, and is the largi.d lake in Europe. Among the fidi with which it aboimds, are kals. It is full of quick- fands, which, being moved from place to place, by the frequent ftorms to which .t is ful)jecf, caul'e feveral flielves along it's courfe, on which the flat-bottomed vcflels of the Ruffians are ibmetimes wrecked. This induced Peter I. to caufe a canal to be cut from the SW. extremity of this lake to the river Neva, by which it has a commimication with the Gulf ot Fin- land. It was begun in 1718, and fin'-flied in 1732 ; and is 67 miles long, and 70 feet broad, Ladog.a., New, a town In the govern- ment of St. Peteilburgh, on the S. coad of the Lake of Ladoga. It is 56 miles E. ot St. Peteilburgh, Ladogna. SeeCEDacNA. Lat)R()n'E, or Marian Islands, if- Jands of the N. Pacific Ocean, about 1800 E. of Canton in China, and occupying a fpace of 15c leagues in extent. They are laid to be 16 in number, cxclufive ot the fmall illcts and rocks, and contain, belidcs other fruits natural to the foil and climate, the bread-fruit tree in abundance. The. names of the principal iliands are Guam^ Saypan, Tiniun, and Rota. L A PI ladwrll. Mens, W. of BnlJock. Lajy. Crofs-Hill, Yorkl". S\V. of Barnedey. Lady-ljland, in Wexford, Leinfter, hagan, a river in Down, Ullter. Laggcin- Bridge, in Monaghan, Ulrter. Lagbaiiiy Surry, near Godllone. Laghy, in Donegal, Ulfter. Lagny, a town in the depart, of Seine and Marne, 15 miles E, of Paris. Lagos, a i'ea-port of Portugal, in AI- garve, where the Engliih fleets hound to the Straits ufiially take in frefij water. Near this town is Cape Lagos, 120 miles S. of Lifbon. Lat. 37. 2. N. Ion. S. 33.W. Lacuna, a handfoine town of the ifland of Teneriff, one of the Canaries. The governor has a palace here, but ge- nerally refides at Santa Cruz, The lake, from which it has been fiippofed to deiive it's name, is now a very incoiifiderable piece of v^'ater. Lat, i8. 30, N. Ion. 16. 13- VV. Lagunes of Venice, marflics, or lakes, in Italy, on which Venice is I'eated, nnd which communicate with the fea. There are about 60 iflands in thefe La- gunes. Eurano is the molt confiderable, Jiext to thofe on which the ciiy of Venice Itands. Lahab, a town of Auftr'u, 26 miles N. of Vienna. Laholm, a fca-port of Sweden, in Hal- land, 13 miles SSE. of Halmlladr. Lahore, the capital ot a province of the fame name, in Hiiidoolfan Proper, and in the Panjab, or country of the Five Ri- vers, or five eallern branches of the Indus, It is fituated on the S. bank of the Rau- Vee, is a place of high anticjuity, and v/as the refidence of the Mahometan conquer- ors of Hindooilan, before they had eltab- Jlfhed themfelves in the central parts of the country. It owed it's modern im- provements, however, to Humaioon, the father of Acbar, who made it his refidence during a part of his troublelbrne reign. Thevenot fays that, including the fuburbs, it was 3 leagues in length at that period ; and when he law it, in 1665, the city it- felf was above a league in extent. Ice is brought from the northein mountains to Lahore, and fold there all the year. The famous avenue of itately trees, fo much fpoken of by the early Jndian travellers, began at Lahore, and extended to Agra, near 500 Englifli miles. Lahore is now the capital of the Seiks, a new power, whole name, even as a fecf, was hardly known till the rapid decline of the Mogul's empire, in the prefent century. }\n't they have extenfive manutactuics of cotton clothsj and fluffs of all kinds, and they I. A M make very curious carpets. It is 240 miles N. by W. of Delhi. Lat. 31. 15. N. Ion. 72. 4S. E, Lahore, a province in Hindooftfn Proper, oftener called Panjab, and hound- ed on the W . by Cabul and Kandah;ir, on the N. by Cachcmire, on the E. and SE, by Sirinagur and Delhi, and on the S. l>y Moultan. It is near 500 miles in length from E, to W. and about 100 milts from N. to S. Tlie foil is remarkably fertile, abovmding in rice, corn, vines, fugars, cotton wool, and fruits of every kind. In the tra6f between the Indus and the Eehat are fait fprlngs, wonderfully producfive, and affording fragments of rock-1'alt, hard enougii to be formed into velleis, tcc, LrngLton, or Lozv l.fyton, Effex, 5 miles E, of London. Laikirk, York/hire, NW. of Barnard-Caftle. Laindon- Hills, fee Langdon, Laino, a river and town of Calabria Citra, Naples. l.ainfiCH, Hants, near Winchefter. Lo'ir- Mtirnej, Elfex, near St. Ofyth. Laitk^ Cumh. in Afton p;irilh. Lake, Dorfetf, near Winborn-Minller. Loke, Wilts, S W, of Amefhury. Lake, South, Line, near Market-Deeping. Lake?iham, adjoining Norwich. Lakitighcath, Suffolk, SWt of Brandon, Laland, a fmall ifland of Denmark, in the Baltic, lying S. of 2-aland, from which it is feparated by a narrow cliannel, It is reckoned the molf fertile fpot in the Danlfli dominions, producing ail forts of grain, particularly very fine wheat and ex- cellent peafe, Nafkow Is the capital, Laland IJle, Cornwall, at the niuuth of Padftow-Haven, Lalant, Cornwall, near the bottom of St, Ives'-Bay. L<^kh(ini, Middlefex, near the Thames, betweerj Shepperton and Staines, Li-^^nb ^ihbty, Kent, near Dartford, Lam BALE, a town in the dept. of the North Coalt, trading in cattle, linen, and parchment. It is 37 miles NW.of Rennes. Lamhart Ct'jllc, and Hill, DorletHnre, E, of Axminlter. La.mbay, an ifland on the coaft of the county of Dublin, about u miles NE. of the metropolis, to which parties ot pica- fure frequently lepair in fummcr. Lambcote, or homcote, NoU. near thp Trent, SW. of Bingham. f^ambcotCt Warw. near Lower Eaiendon. Lambert hurll, Kent, SW. of Goudhurif, Lambcsc, a town in the depart, of the Mouths of the Rhone, ig miles NW. of Aix. Lambeth, a village of Surry, on the Thames, oppofite Weftniin'ter, By ths Z % valt L A M \n(i incrrafc of buiUlii)t;3, it is mow join- ed to the metropolis, in a iliicfllon to tacli of the time hridgis. .^f-AMl)OHN, a town in Berks, itateil on a river ot tlic lame ii.inic, which t;>lls into the Kennct helmv Ncwhuiy. It i> 7 "'iles N. of Hunetrl"«nl, and 6S VV. oi Lonilun. Market on Friilay. l.amhrne, I'.litx, \ milts from Epping. Lamhrii^i;, W((tni. ncai- Ktndai. Lum- trooi, E. and //'. Sunurl'. near Kingfbiiiy. Lninchane, C'ornwall, near Fowcy. LAMi-fiO, a town of Portugal, in IJeira. Lamer, Herts, in Wheat-HainpiUad parilh. Lainerjh, Kliex, S. of Siidhury. Lamertoii, or Lair:l>ertot!, Devonf. z miles from Taviltock. LnmiforJ, Cvnnberl. on the borders of Scotland and Northumbcrl. L«'/a^7(j;--//7^-,Dcvonlhire, ad joining Lnndy. Lamky, Nortbumbtiiand, near Feather- ltonh:iiigh, Larnlcy, Nottinghamlbire, by Jjherwood Forefh L/zW()'-Lo./g-f, Rntbmd- fliire, W. of Kidhngton Park. Lammas, Norfolk, near Wurlled. Lammermuir, a niountainons ridge in Scotland, which divides the county of Berwick from that of Hiddington for above 20 miles. The mountains are, in general, covered with heath, and afford but fcanty pafture for the flieep that feed on them. Lanmoram, Cornw. S\V. of Tregony. Lamo, an iiland and fea-port of Africa, on the coall of Zanguebar, in lat. 2. o. S. and Ion. 40, 2+. E. The king and go- vernment, being Mahometans, are fre- quently at war with the red of the inha- bitants, who are Pagans. In 1589, the king of this ifland was beheaded by the Portuguefe. His crime, whether real or pretended, was his having balely betrayed the governor of the cuall. For this he was llized, with four of his Mahometan fub- jeits, in his own capital, and carried to Pate, where they were publicly executed, in the prelcnce of tlie king oi that iiland, and ot /everal petty kings of the neigh- bouring idands ; ever fnice which, Lamo has been tributary to the Portuguefe. Lnmoriiey Point, Cornw. W. ot Mount's B:»y. Lamonhy, Cumb. NW. of Penrith. Lampedosa, an iminhabited ifland on the coall of Tunis, about 12 miles in cir- cumference, with a good harbour, where ihips water. Lat. 31'). 10. N. Ion. 1 1, o. E. Larnpeis End, Gloucef. in Hartpury pa- jlfti. Lar/ipluy/}, Cumberl. between C'ock- ermouthand Egremont. Lamport, Bucks, in Stow parifh. Lan:pori, 6 miles from Northampton. Lambton, near Durham. Lampton, Middl. near Hounflow. Lam- nUge, VV'cftmyrland, NL. of Kendal, I. A N T.amp'.aki, a town of Natolia, Lnmjley, Durham, near Ravenfworth Cattle. ' Lampjhn, Hants, SE. of Portf- mouth. Lamyeit, Somerf. W. of Bruton. Lanar IH, a town of, Cardiganftiire, 195 miles from London. Market on Tuefday. Lnnheach, Cambridgeflure, not 2 miles from Buruell. I.anhrigan, Cornwall, NE, of St. Allen, l.ancr.ut, Gloucelterfliire* N. of Chepllovv-on-the-Wye. Lancashire, a county of England, boimded on the W. by the Irifh Sea, on the N. by Cumberland and Weltmorland, on the E. by Yorkfliire, and on the S. by Chelhire. It is 74 miles from north to fouth (including a detached hundred on the northwclt, called Fiunefs, v.hich is fe- parated from the reit by a creek, at the iiead of Morecambe Bay) and from 15 to 44. in it's greatelt breadth. It is di- vided into 6 hurutreds, containing 26 mar- ket towns, and 6i pariflies. The air, in general, is very healthful, the inhabitants living to a great age. This county com- prifes a variety of ibii and face of coun- try; but, upon the whole, it is one of thofe which are the lead favoured as to na- tural advantages, a proof of which is the ancient thinncfs of it's population, (hown by the very linall number of parifhes into which it is divided. The liundred of Fur- nefs is a wild and rugged region, ftored with quantities of iron ore and Hate, and covered with a growth of underwood, which is cut in fuccrlTion, and made into charcoal for the ufe ot the iron furnaces. The ealiern part of the county between the Ribble and the Merfty, compriling the ancient torells of Wyreldale and Bow- land, is mountainous and generally bar- ren ; but tile fouthern part of the traft between thele two rivers is fiat, quite from the fea, to the commencemer.t of the ridge called Blackfton-edge, that feparates the county from Yorkfliire. Much of this is a fertile country, though occafionally detoiined by the black turf bogs, here called moilcs : fome of which are of large extent, and abfoiutely impaffable in wet feafons. In the northealt part ot this di- vilion, are fome lofty hills, the moft noted of which is Pendlc-Hill. The remaining part is varied with hill, dale, and moor. The natural produfts of this country are of little confeqiience, except the coal and (uif with which it's fouthern parts abound. Of the former is a fpecies, call- ed cannel, far exceeding all other, not on- ly in making a clear fire, but for being ca- pable of being manufaflured into candle- Itick$, cups, ftandiflifs, fnuff- boxes, &c. ai>d LAN and of being poliflied, fo as to reprefent a beautiful black marble. Lancafhirc is lit- tle adapted for a corn country, not only, in many parts, from the nature of it's ibii, but from the remarkable wetnefs of it's climate; the bnd, however, is iingu- iarly fitted to the growth of tlie potatoe. All the rivers atlord falmon ; and the Merfey is vifited by annual fhoals of fmelts, here called fparlings, of remarkable iize and flavour. As a commercial and ma- Dufaiiuring county, Lancafliire is diliin- guifhed beyond moft others in the king- dom. It's principal manufa<5lures aie linen, filk, and cotton goods ; fuftlaiis, counterpanes, flialloons, bays, ferges, tapes, fmall wares, hats, fail-doth, lack- ing, pins, iron goods, caft plate-glafs, Sec. Of the commerce of this county, it may Aiffice to obfcrve, that Liverpool is the third, if not t!ie fecond, port in the king- dom. The principal rivers are the Mer- fey, Irwell, Ribble, I.one, Levcn, Wyre, Hodder, Roche, Duddon, Winlier, Ken, and Calder, and it has two confiderable lakes, Winander Mere and Conifton Wa- ter. Lancafter is the county town. *Lancaste R, the county-town of Lan- cafhire, is an ancient, well-built, popu- lous, and improving town, feated on the river Lone, which here forms a port for veflels of moderate burden, and over which is a handfome ftone bridge of five arches. On the fummit of a hill ftands the caftle, ferving both as the lliire-houle and the county-gaol. On the top of tiiis caftle is a fquare tower, called John of Gaunt's Chair, wliere there is a fine pro("pec\ of the mountains of Cumberland, and of the courfe of the Lonej the view toward the fea, extending to the Ifle of Mm. The town-hall is a handlbmc ftiucture. Lan- cafter carries on a confiderable trade, ef- pecialiy to the Weft Indies, and is noted for the making of mahogany cabinet- ware. It is 235 miles NNW. of London. Lat, 54. 4. N. Ion. 2. 56. W. Markets on Wednefday and S-itnrday. Lancaster, the county-town of a county of the fame name, in Pennfylvania. It's trade is large, and daily increafing. It contains an elegant court-houi'e, and a college founded In 17S7, nan'.ed Franklin College, with iL-veral churches, and about 5000 Ibuls. 't is feated near the SulVjue- hanna, 53 miles W. of Philadelphia, Lancantt Glouc. in TiJdenliam parifti. Lancerotta, one of the Canary W- lands, about 30 miles long and 24 broad. It is very high, and may be difcovered at a great dillance. It abountis in grain, ffuits, goats, horned cattle, hares, caineis, LAN and afTes; There is a haven in the NK. end, v/hcre fliips may lie land- locked trom all winds, in 10, 15, and 20 fathoms, Lat- 29. 14. N. Ion, 13. 26. W. I.r.n.hclier, NW, of Durham, Lanciano, in Abruzzo Citra, Naples. Lancro.i, Devonf. near Shebbear. Lanc~ ton, E. and W. Leicelterihiie, SW. of Hallaton. Landaff, a fmall town of Glamorgan- Hiire, feated on an afcent, on the river Tafe, near Cardiff; but the cathedral, a laj-ge ftately building, ftands on low groimil. It is a place of good trade, but has n« market, and Is 30 miles NW. of Briftol, and 166 W. of London. Landau, a ftrongly fortified town in the dept. of the Lower Rhine. Landbeach, 5 miles N. of Cambridge. Landcan, Chclli. between the Dee and the Merley. Landcloe, Carmarthenf. Land* coji, Yoikf. SE. of Halifax. Latid^ajh Cornwall, W. of Launcefton. Lanuen, a town of Auftrian Brabant, where the allies, under King Wiiliam and the Elector of Bavaria, were defeated by the Duke of Luxemburg, July 29, 1693, The French were repulled two or three times, and loft a great many officers and men, but returning to the charge, they gained a vicfory, which, hov/cver, colt them dear. The confederates loft 60 pieces of cannon, 9 mortars, &c. with fe- veral ftandards, colours, and about 7000 men killed and wounded. The I'rench army amounted to 80,000 men, and thac ot the allies to lels than one-third of that number. Landerneau, a town in the dept. of Finifterre, 16 miles NE. of Breft. Landes, a dept. of France, including, the late territory of Marfan, In Gafcony. It takes it's name from a diftrii5l, called Laniks, extending along the coaft of the Bay of Bifcay. Tiiis is a barren, I'andy country, covered vvitlifern, pines, and the holm-tree j of the bark of which corks are made. The foil, however, is improved by m.inuring it witli marl, and fowing it wiih rye. It is thinly peopUd. Mont- de- Marfan and Dax are the principal towns, Lr.i}JcuL\ Coi'nwall, S. of Launcefton, LanJei-ucnake, Cornw, near Lizard- Point. Lamlf'jrd, Dorfetf. i mile from Grimfton. Landgreat^ Line, has a ferry over the Wi- thani. Lnndguard-fort, in the limits of Effex, thougii on the SutTolk fide of tiie harbour of Harwich. Landl.ouje, Yorkl". N. of Malton, Landlip, or Landilpf Cornwall, N. of Saltafti, near the Tamar. Landmoutht Yorkfhiie, SE. of Northal- Z 3 akiton. I. A N Icrton. Land, North, Yorkfli. SW^. oi Halihix. LANORtcv, a town in the flcpt. of the Nurtli, feared on the liver S.imbre, 17 miles S\V. ofQ^efnoy, and 100 N. by I-', of Paris. Lat. 50. 7. N. Ion. 3.4.7. E. LandscKOON, a fort in the dept. of Upptr Rhine, 5 miles SW. of Bdfle. LANn^citooN, or Lasdscrona, a fca-pcit of ochoncn, in Sweden. LaiiJfJozvn, Sonierfetdiirc, near Bith. Land's E^{o, a piomontory of Corn- wall, the molt welferly point of Great Britain. Lat. 50. 6. N. Ion. 5. 40. W, L.'vN^DscuUf , a town of Sdiweidnitz, Silelia. LANDSftUf ,a town of Lower Bavaria. Lands HVX, a town of Brunn, Mo- ravia.,.' , LAN.DSfERr;, a town in the New Ma;c!ie, Brandenlnirg ^ a town of Unper Bavaria; and fevtral other towns in Ger- many. LattilivaJe, Canihi near Newmarket. Li-(ne, or LuitH, a river in Kerry, Mun- fter. Lane, Lake, or Lough, a name- given to the Lake of Killarney ; which fee. tniirjclf. Staff, ill the parifli of Stoke- upon-Trent. La/iercoji-Pnorj, CuiTih. near Nawortli, in a romantic valley, N. <. f the river Irthing. Lanf.rk, a town of Lanark (hire, feat- t'\ on the river Clyde, 20 miles SE^ of Clalgovi', Lanerkshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. and NE. by the coun- tits of Diimbarton, Stirling, Linlitligow, and 1; linburgh ; on the E. by the counties t)t Pebles and Du n 'fries ; on tlie S, by Ditnifriesrtiire J and on the W. by the /lures of Ayr and Rehfrew. It's extent, fiom N. to S. is about 40 miles, and it's mean breadth about 22. The foiithern Jiart of this county is generally called ClydeAiale. Lani-jhorougk , 6 miles froin York. Lan'ESEOROUgh, a town of Long- ford, in Leinlfer, feated on the Shannon, over which there is a bridge into Rofcom- njon. It is 6i miles WNW. ot Dublin. La>t^a>t!j, Cumb. SE.of S.d^lceld. Lan- gar, Nott. on the Trent, W. of Belvoir- Caftle. Langhhar, bevonf. in High Hayn- ton parilh ; has , or had ,a market on Friday, Lari^boi-ough, Cumb. W. of Carlille. Lau^dij-', Yoikf. near Settle. Langcotes, D.nleif. in Winfiiili parifli. La>igJale, Weftmorland, SE. of Orton. LangMilc, Cnat and Little, Wtltinorl. W, oi Am- I. A N blefidc. Here arc two high hlll.i, called Hardknot and Wreynole, on the latter of which, a livulet divides Cumberland fiom Welhiiorlaiid. LaitgilaleE>tJ,Y(n-V.i. S. of Whitby. Lniig.ion. Cornwall. NW. of Launccllon. LangJon, Devonf. near Plympton. LangJon, the name of z pa* riflies, ill Elfcx, contiguous to each other, in the road from Chelmsford to Tilbury- Fort. The Hrft is called l.atigdon with BaJiUo/i ; tlie fecond, Laugdon- Hills, or LangUoii ivith It'eji J. en. Vrom this laft, the profpei\ on th.c SE. andSW. exhibits a very beautiful and cxrenlive valky, with a view of London to the right j the Thames windin{j through the valley, with the iliips faiiing ii]» and down; the vievi^ extending to the left beyond the .Medway, and bounded in front by the hills of Kent. Langdon-Hllls are 21 miles E. l)y N. of London. Langdoit, and it's Forrj}, Dur- ham, on the borders of Cumberland, near the Tees. Lungdon, a river in Durham, running into the Tees, below Tecfdalc- Foreit. Laiigdon, U'ej}, Kent, between Barham-Down and the lea. Langdon, Eaji, Kent, N. of Dover-Caftle. Laiig- don-Hall, Warw, in Solihull parifh. Lanheac, a town in the dept. of Up- per Loire, feated near the river Allier, 17 jnlles E. of St. Flour. LANr.iiAis, a town in the depart, of Indre and Loii'e, feated on the Loire, 12 miles W. of Tours. Lascei.and, an ifland of Denmark, in the Baltic, between the illands of La- land and Funen. It pioduces plenty of corn, and the principal town is Rutcoping. Lat. 55. 4. N. Ion. 10. 40. E. Lange»hr,e, Elfcx, NW. of St. Ofyth. l.angerjion, SufF. a flioal of fand, for two miles about Landguard-Fort, on wiilch the liiLermen dry their nets. Lan^eU, Yiukf. W. of Halifax. Langford,''^^Ai. near Bigglefwade. l.angford, Berks, near Lechladc. Langford, Cornw. S. of Strat- ton. Langford^ Dcvonf. near Kentifbear, Langfurd,'DiYhy[\ near Aflrbourn. Lang- ford, Elfex, near Maiden. Laiigfard, Oxf. near Aulcelter. Langford, Norf. NE. of Nfethwold. Langford, Norfolk, between Brandon-Ferry and Watton. Laiigjord, Shropf. near Newport. Langford, So- merf. 10 miles from Brirtol. Langford, Somerf. 2 miles from Wellington. Lang- ford, Samerl". near Churchill. Lnngfsrd, Ille of Wight, in E. Medina. Langford, Dorfetfh. N. of Frampton. Langford, Wilts, E. of Downton. Langford, De- von iV near Modbury. Langford, Little and Stfpk, Wilts, NW. ot Wilton. Lang- fortky or Lcndford^ Nott, N. of Newark. Langl.adtrn, I. A N i.anz,hadern, Cornwall, befween Treeony and Ti-.-vv;u-cliyth-Bay. Langhall, Noif. near Kiiklk-cl. Langhnm, Rutlancif. a cliapclry to Okcham. Langh-'in, Effcx, VV. of Maiiingtree. Langham, Noctinc;!). NE. of Tuxfonl, L^/z^/^/wz, Suffolk, bc- twtcn Banlvvrll ami VValflianiin the Wil- lows. Langhuttty Great and Little, Noif. near Wells, KVV. of Holt. Lanbangh, Nortluimbeiland, ncai' the Cheviot-Hills. Laugher n, Noithiiml-.erl. in the l>aruny of Boihal. Lo.nvklli, Welim. near ihc rivers Lime and Kiffundale. Langhof-Hall, Lancashire, N. of iJlackhinn. Lanoho^^m, a town of Dumfriesflurs, leatcd on the liver Eik. L.anghr/i, Lie of Wight, in Weft Me- dina. Lanoionh, a city of Alia, capital of the kino;(i n)i of Laos, or at le:ift thefonth- crn divifion, with a royal palace, 14.0 miles SE. of Ava. Lat. zi. 30. N. Ion. loi. 15. E. Langley, near Derby. Laaglcy, SW. of Durham. Lany'ey, Durham, NW. of Staindrop. La/niiry, Durh. SE. of Lan- chelier. La,tgl:j, E.Tex, in Great Wal- tham pariih. Laiigles, Effex, E. of JJark- way. Langley, Herts, SW. of Steven- age. La/iglry, Ktnt, near Maidlfone. Langley, Kent, near Bromley. Langley, Njrfolk, near London- Ealicoat. Langley, Shiopfl). near Acion-Burntl. Langley, Hints, in the New Forcft. Langley, Lei- ceiterlh. E. of Stanton Harold. Langley, Devoni'. inHigh Bickington pnrifti. Lang- ley. Oxf. near Wichwooil-Forclf. Lang, ley.^ Gloucelterfti. in Winchcomb parifli, Langley, W-nw. near Claverdon. Lang- ley Abhofs, Herts, SW. of St. Alban's. Langley liurrel, Wiltftiire, N. of Chip- penham. i.ANGLEY, Kino's, Herts, W. of Abbot's Langley. Langley Kirk, DerhyC between Kiddef- Jey-Park and the river Erwafli. Langley- Marjh, Bucks, between Colebrook and Stow. Lan^lfy U'ilhore, ElVcx, in Rick- ling parifii. Langjnere, Norfolk, a ham- let of Dicklebiirgh. Langney, Suil'ex, near Pcvenfey-Kaven. Lang-Nei'ston, Cumb. in the parifb cf Abbey-H jlme. Langdon, a town in the depf. of Gi- ronde, noted for excellent wine, an»l I'eated on the river Garonne, 15 miles N. of Ba- zas. Lat. 44.. 33. N. Ion. o. 10. W. Langport, and HeuJ Langport, Kent, in ihe paiilli ot Lyd. Lanc POR r, a town in Somerfetfliire, is feattd on a hill, on tlie river Parrot, which is navigable for barges to ]iridge- w'ater. It is jo miles S£. of Bridgcwa- •L -A. N ter, and iiS W. by S. of London, \fir- ket on Saturday. Langres, an ancient. and confiderable town in the dept. of Upper Marne. The cutlery wares made here are in high cftetin . Jt is leated on a mountain, near the loiirccs of the river M une. This town is tiiought to Itand the highelt of any in France. It is 35 miles NE. of Dijon. Lat. 47. 52. N-k ion. 5. 24, E. Langrii/ge, Somerf. 8. of Dulverton. .LangriJge, Sumcrf. NE.. of Launfdon. LangriJge, We(lm. W. of Amblcfide. Langrigg, Hams, NW, of Priersficld. Langrigg, Cumbcrl. in Bromficld parifh. Langrike, Line, near Horncallle. Lang- nke, Y<,rk(hire, near Howden. La.ngfet, yorkfliire, :NE, of Lady-Crofs-Hill. Langstone Harbouk, in Hamp- /hire, is 4 miles diiiant from that of Pyrtl- mouth, and about ecjually capacious ; but the entrance is inoit dilHcult on account of it's bar, over which, however, t!;ere is a depth of I 5 leet at low water. Langjhcdale, Yorkfli. a chafe, NE. of Settle. Langthorp, Yorkl". NW. of Be- dail. Langthivate, Yorkf. near Doncaf- ter. Langloj), Yorkfh. near Stamford. Langton, Dorfctlliiie, 2 miles S. of Fleet, La>jqion, Duih. F.. ot Staindrop. Lang- ton, Line. N. of Spillby. La/ii,ton, Line, near Horncallle. Langton, Line, near Wragby. Lunglon, Northunib. in the barony of Wark. Langton, Oxf. NE. of Bicclfer. Langton, Welimorl. S. cf Mur- ton. Langton, Yorkf. S. of New iM:;lton. Langion, Mihra-vers, and K/^Uis, Dor- leti". near the coaft, 2 miles \^'. of Sand- wich. Langto/t- Butler, Dorfctfh, E. of Blandford. ^ Langton Chapel, Lanc. SW. of Prefton. Langton, Enjl; lee LanJion, Langton, Great -awA Little, York!'. NW. of Northallerton-. Langi. n Ilall, or Lodge, Nott. in Slurv/oodtForeft. Lang- ton- Herring. DorletHiire, near Beminller, Langton-Thorp, Leicef. NE. of H^irbo- rough. Langloj}, Lincoln!', near .Maiket Deeping. Langtree, Dcvonlb. SW- of Toirington. Langlree, Laiicalhire, N^V^. of Wigan. Lancjuedoc, a ci-devant province in the S. of France, bounded on tht E. by the Rhone, and on theS. by the Meditrr. ranean. Touloufe was the capital of Up- per, and Montpillicr of Lower Langtie- doc. Tt is now divided into 7 department!;, the Ard.'fche, J-<.'zere, Gard, Herault, Tairt, Up;^er Garonne, and Aude. Lang'vil, Slnopf. SW. of Wcniock. Langi.unlhly, Cumheil. near Edenha'J. Langzvich, Bucks, in Princes Riiborough parifh. Lang^Lvith Over, Derbylli. t^ear Z 4 Bolfovci-, LAP Bolfovcr. Lattgivorth, Nottineh. SW. of Work(ui). Lia, or longing to return. The language of the Lap- landers comprehends lo many dialefts, that it is with diSicnlty they underftand each other. They piel'erve their paftoral manners, fo that agriculture profpers not much among them. Ihey are divided in- to Filhers and Mountaineers. The for- mer make their habitations in the neigh- bourhood of fome lake, whence they draw their fubfiitence. The others feck their fupport upon the mountains, pofllfling herds ot rein-deer, which they ufe accord- ing to the leafon, but they go gejierally on foot. They are very indultrious hcrdl- men, and are rich in compariion ot the Filhers, fome of them polllfting fix hun- dred or a thoufand rein-deer. The caitrat- ed rein-deer are alert, tame, large, rtrong, and handlbme j on which account they bie them for draught, and hoh! them in fuch eltimation, that it is a compliment among them to call each other a gelt rein-deer. The Lapland fifliers, who are alio called Laplanders of the woods, becaufe in llim- mer they dwell upon the, borders ot the lakes, and in winter in the forefts, live by fifiiing and hunting, and chufc their fitu- ation from it's convenience for either. The introduftion of fire-arms has almolt entirely nholiflied the ul^ of the bow and ;:rru%v. With refpeft to the larger ammals^ :\;ch is wild rein-dtcr, wolves, ^"c. they nioll irequentiy knock them down with clubs, as it is ealy to come up with them hy their ihow-flioes, which are very long, and prevent them from finking iiko the fp.o'.v j LAP fnowi bears they generally (hoot, and finifh them with I'pears. Belides looking after their rein-deer, the fifhery, and the chace, the men employ themfelvcs in the conftrudlion of their canoes, which are little, light, and compaft. They alfo make fledges, to which they give the form of a canoe; harnefs for the rein-deer; all Ibrts of utenfils in wood, fuch as cups, bowls. Sec. which are fomctimes prettily cari'ed, fometimes ornamented with bones, brais, or horn ; it is the man's bufmel's, likewifc, to look after the kitclien. The employment of the women confifts in mak- ing nets for the fifliery, drying fi(h and meat, milking the rein-deer, making clieefe, and tanning hides. Tlicy prepare the nerves of the rein-deer in fuch a man- ner as to make them ferve for thread ; and draw hrafs wire by the help ol the horns of the relh-deer pierced, infttad of a drawing- iron. They embroider their clothes with brafs wire, illver, fliam- gold, or wool, w^hich they have the art of dying in all forts of colours. Thefe peo- ple live in huts in the form of tents, co- vered with briars, bark, linen, turf, coarfe cloth, felt, or rein-deer ikins ; anIy the Laplanders with the greateft part of their provifions : the chace and the fifhery furnilh the reft ; but the flelh of the bear is their moft delicate meat. They eat every kind of fifh, even the fea-dog ; as well as all forts of wild animals, not excepting birds of prey and carnivorous animals. Thtir wiiitcr pro- vifions confilt of flefh and fifli, both of which they eat raw. They put the milk of the rein-deer into the ftomacbs of that animal, and fo let it freeze ; and when tliey want to ufe their frozen milk, they chop off pieces with a hatchet. The fc:iibnin'r of their food is the fat of fea-dogs and fait, it they can get it. They make foups of a fort of cheele, which is 16 fat, that it takes fire on applying a candle. Th^ir common drink is water, fometimes mixed with milk; brandy is fcarce with them; but they are very fond of it. Theii incft con- fiderable traflic is witii the Norwegians. Formerly this trade was carried on in the way of barter; but coin is now current among them. The balance is always in favour of the Laplanders ; bccauie they can furnilh more merchandil'e in (kins and furs, than they buy (lour, cloth, and hard- ware goods. Their weddings are kept at the bride's houl'e, who is drtifed in her bed manner, and appeals wirli ht-r head quite uncovered, vvhicii, at other times, is never the cuftom, witli either women or maid- ens ; the feaft is a kind of club mefs, to which each ot the guerts brings meat and drink. Tiieir divcrlion at weddings, and other merry-makings, is the game of fox and gee("e ; they wrtftle, and jump over a ftick, and are tond of giving grotd'tjue ac- counts or exhibitions of different adven- tures. They Hkewile dance and fing, or howl in dilagreeablc meaftires. The new- married people live wirli the woman's re- lations for tiie firft year; at the end of which they retire to their own hut. The Laplanders bury their dead in coffins; in ibme cantons with their clothes on, in others (juite naked. Tiieir religion is a compound of Ciuillian and Pagan cere-' monies, Lapland J. A S LAPi.A>fD OF Angermania, a pro- vipce W. or Anfifin'.ania. Lapley, S:aff. bW. of Pcnkridge. Lap- fijc, D-vonf. ncir Jl.uilock. Lapujorth, Warwickniire, K. ot' UnibcilUuc. Lar, a town of Pciua, capital of" tlie province of" LaiiU.m. It lias a conlaicr- ahlc ii):uuiuchiie or lilk ; ami it's terri- tory abouriils in oranges, dates, and veiy ]:uge t.nnHrinds. Lat. 27. 30. N. Ion. 52. 4.5. !•;. Lar.vcha, a town of Fez, leated at tlie mouth oi a rivtr of the fame name, witli a good harbour. Lat. 35. 4.0. N. ion. 6. 48. W. I.arlri.'k, Lunc. near Pieflon. LaK-EDO, a lta-portain, '.vith a 1 usji iafc lurbour. It is 30 miles W. of Jillhoa. LargtoHy Lincolnlliire, near Horncaftlc. Lari^y, in Cavan, UHler. LARi\o,a town of Capitanata, Naples. Larissa, a town of Turkey, in tiie province of Janna, with a Gitek archbi- lliop's lee, a palace, and fevcral molcjues and churches. It carries on a large trade, ■..nd is plealAntly featcd on the river Pe- iKus, 50 miles SW. of Salonichi. Lat. 39. 4S. N. Ion. 2z. 47. E. Laristan, a province of PerfiajbounJ- td on the N. and '^. by Kerman ; on the S. by the Pcrlian Gulf; and on tiie \V. by 1 ailllbn. Lar is tiu- capital. Lnrkoeare, Devon Hi ire, near Siverton. LurkjieLi, Kent, i>ear Mailing. Lark Stoke, (iionccf. in Queinton parifh. Larling- JorJ, Norfolk, N. of Eaitlin^. •Larne, a town or Antrim, in Ulfter, S-l- n'.iles N. of Dublin. Larrvbundar, a fea-port of Hin- dcolian, at the mouth of the river Indus, with a iiarbour capable of receiving (hips of 200 tons burden. Lat. 24. +4. N. Ion. 6;. 37. E. Larta. See Arta. Lnr/irigiou, Yorkf. near Barnaid-Caf- tle. Lario?'., York!'. VV. of Rippon. Laf- i'!n-ou^h, Gloucel". 5 miles from Tetbvny. Lajlo, Dei b. near Codnor-Caftle. Lnfehy, Line. SW. of Great Grimfbv. Lnfenbyy Cumb. N. of Penrith. Z-rt/Tj/y, Yorkf. N W. of Northallerton. ].aj'cnkall, Cumb. near Wigion. l.njhatN, Hants, NW. of Alton. Ltijhhrook, Oxf. on the Thames, between Sunninj.; and Henley. Lnjhkd, a liver in DerbyOiire. Lassa, orLAHASSA, otherwife called Baronthala, and in D'Anville's chart of Thibet, Tosker, is the capital of the couniry of Great Thibet, in Afia. It 9 is not a large city, but the houle-s are of ftone, and are fpacious and lolty. About I. A V ^ I'cven miles on the E. fide of the city, is uie mountain of Putala, which contains on it's lummit the palace of the grand lama, tlie higli pritft and fovertign of Thibet. Lulfa is 24 miles NE. of the crofTmg place of the rivet .SAnpoo, which is feven miles iiom the foot of Mount Ivambala j and it is 250 miles NE. of Pauia. Lat. 30. 34. N. ion. 91. 40. E. LaJJiii^tou, near Gloucefter. Lajioch. Dorfctf. 3 miles SW. of Abbot's Stock. I.ajJock, or L'Jjhck, hmc. SW. of Bolton. Latakia, formerly Lao dice a, an ancient and confiderable town of Syria, trading largely in tobacco and rice. It's harbour, like all the others on this coall, is a Ibrt of bafon environed by a mole, the entr.mce of which is very narrow. The 'I'urks have AifTcred it to bf nearly choked up. The remains of antiquity fliow it to have been a place of confiderable extent. It is So miles SW. of rVleppo. Lc.fikeJ, Devonf, in Whitllone parifli. L 'tckford, Oxf. in Great Haleley paiifh. LaterUge, Glouc. S. of Thorr-bury. La- thiDn, Lane, near Ormfkirk. Laikhury, Biicksj near Newport. Lathes, Cumb. NW. of Penrith. Latkijley, Suiry, SW. i)f Guilford. I.atholm, Yorkf. between Howden and Pocklingion. Latimtrs, Bucks, near Chelliam. Latrm, Lane. W. of Kirkham. Laton, E. and /r. Yorkl. NE. of Raveniworth CalHe. Latton, Wilts, N. of Cncklade. Latton, Elicx, between Epping and Harlow. Iavagna, a town of Genoa, at tlie mouth of the river of the fame name. Laval, a confiderable town in thedept. of Maine. The inhabitants are comput- ed at iS,ooo. Linen of all kinds and qua- lities is maiuifaclured iierc; and the neigh- bouring quarries produce green marble, or black, Veined with white. It is fcated on the liver Maine, 1 5 miles S. from the town of that name, and 40 A\'. of Mans. Lavami/nd, or Lavant ?*Iisde, a town of Carinthia, on the Drave. Lavant, a river in Sulfex. Lavant, £. and //'. Sulfex, N. of Chichelfer. Lavaur, a town in the department of Tarn, ieated on the river Agout, 20 niilci NE. of Touloul'e. Laubach, a town of Solms Laubach ; and a town of Simniern ; botli in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Lauda, in Wurlzhurg, Franconia. Lauder, a I'mall town of Beiwick- iliire, but lately much improved. It is 22 miles SE. of Edinburgh. Lauderdale, a diltiid of Berwick- fliire. Lavello, a town of Bafilicata, Naples. Lav EL r. L A V LaVelt, or Lafelt, a villnge, 4. jTiilcs W. of Liege, wliere die allies, iin- iia. \> yields abimdance ot corn, wine, oils, an huits. There ase aifo iniiicial Ipsings, and mines ot fulphur; ami Maunt \'el;i- vius fometimes throws out torrents of thai mineral. Naples is the capital. Laufotce, SU Cornw. NE. of Budmiiu Lausanne, in Bern, Swifferlaiui, tlie principal town of the Pays de Vaud, with a famous college. It contains about 7000 iniiabitants ; but it is built upon Inch u rteep afccnt, that, in lome places, tlie horfes cannot, widiout ^j-reat ilitiicuity, draw up a caiilage; and foot paliengers afcend 10 the upper part cf the town by Iteps, iio:n the heights ot which the proi"j>e'ls are very grand and extenfive, compiclKntling tiie Lake of Geneva, the Pays de Vaud, and the rugged coalt of Chablais. Tlu tuwn- lunile, anu other public buildings arc mag- nirtcent ; and it is feated between tiiice hills, one mile and a hair from tlye Lake of Geneva, 30 NE. of Genevu, and jo b\V. of Bern. Laute;;burg, a town of Culm, Prullia. Lauttrburo, a town in the Ilaitz Forelt, Lower Saxony. Lc'.~Jj, Lancafliire, near Prefton. I.n~iv~ aniiik, Cornwall, VV. of Launcclton. La-Tjjcon, Lancafhire, near Leigh. Lawenburo, a town of Saxe Lawen- burg, Lower S ixony, fubjeif to Hanover. Lawenkurc;, a town of Pruiiian Po- merania, Upper Saxony, LrtavfrA', near Worcelier. l.a-.vford, EHex, near Maningtree. Laivford ( hurci and Lonir La-ivford, Warw. N VV. of Hill Moreton. Lnvjtord, Parvn, Warw. near Rugby. La-jughtoii, Leicelierfhiic, NW. ot llarboruugh. Lu~iX'kit!cn,Ci)Vr\viAi, x miles troni Laiinceiton, near the Tamar. La WIN GEN, a tow;- of Neuberg, Ba- varia. /,jrcnce, Lancaf. N W. of Prtlton. Lawrence Kirk^ a handli.)n;e littL- tov^n ot Kincardintfliire, where a Hourillu ing manufaaure of lawn, cambric, linen, and various other articles has been lately tilabliihetl, by the patriotic proprietor, the late Lord Gardenftonc. It is 6 miles W,. of fnverbeivie. L.\WRKNCE, St. the largell river In N. America, I. E A N. America, proceeding from the Lake Oiit.ino, trom which it inns a courle of 7CO miles to the Atlantic Octan. It is luvigaSle as far as QM^hec, which is above 4.00 milis ; iiur beyond Montreal it is ib tuU ot iho:i!j and rocks, that it will not admit huge vcfi'cJs witliout dnnger. Ldiuraice, St. Kent, in Thanet Ifle. Laivrence, St. Cumberhind, In the Abbey Holm. Laivrence, St. EflTex, near St. Oiyth Idc. LaiJure/tce, St. Ille of Wight, in E. Medina. Laiurence, St, SomLrl. in the I'libiirbs ot Briltol. Laivrcnce Street, St. Miildl. between Edgeworth and Toi- teiidgr. Laivrence IVeJhn, Gloucef. in H.iibuiy parilh. Laivjbil!, Stiifolk. NW. 01 Laneham. Lai-vton., Hereh SW. of Lejminiier, on the Arro river. Lamototi, Church, Cliefhire, S. of Congleton. l.axu- toti's Hops, 5 miles from Hereford. Lpsm- ton Tate-, ChcQiire, near Church Lawton. Laakmburgh, a town of Aullria, 7 miles S. of Vienna. Laxey, Ifle of Min, on the E. coaft. LaxJieU, Suffolk, 7 miles SW. of Halef- wortii. Laxton, Yoi kf. between Howdcn ami Flaxflcet. Laxton, Northamptonf. on the borders of Rockingham Forcft. Lax- ton, or Lcxmton, Nottingh. S. of Tuy'.ord, near the Idle. Layard, Dcvonf. in Miii- boiow parifli. Lavbacii, a city of Carnioh; on a ri- ver of the fame name. haycock, Wilts, 4. miles from Chip- penham. LayJon, or Leyfdon, Kent, in Shcppey Kle. Layer Braten, EiVex, near Met ley Ifle. Layer de la Haye, Effex, lieu Lexden. Layer Marney,E[k\, Lay- ham, Suffolk, I mile from Hadleigh. Layland, Lancafliire, S. of Prefton. Lay, }fetker, and Upper, Gloucelbrlhire, near Dean Foreft. Layjhrs, Herefordfhire, NE. of Leominfter. LaYSTOFF. SeeLtSTOFF. Layston, a town of Herffordfhire, near Buntingford. Market on Tueldav. Layjhn, Snffoik, near Saxnnmdham. Lay-Street, Eficx, near Great Ilford. Lay- Street, Surry, SE. ot Ryegate. Laythorn, Suliex, E. of Appledrum. Laytun, Dur- ham, SE. of Bilhop-Aucklaiid. Layton, Voi klhire, 4 miles from Eaftjy. Layton, L01V, and LnytQiyhne, Eflex, on the Ikirts of Epping Foreft. Laz^cahy, Cumberland, adjoining Saikdd, near Peniiih. Lea, a river, whicii riles near Luton, in Bcdtoidfliire, and running to Hertford and Ware, anil afterward dividing ElTex from put of Hertfordfliire and Middlclex, falls into the Thames below Blackwali : a canal has lately been cut between it and the Thames, which runs near Lunehoule. LEA By tills river large quantities of corn and tnalt are brought out of Hertfcrdfliire to London. Lea, a fmall river of Kerry, Munfter, falling into Trniee Bay. Z.<'rt, Chjfhire, 4. miles from Namptwicli. Lea, Chefliire, W. oi Middlcwich. Lea, CI.e.lure, SW. of Delan^cre Forefl. Lea, Derbyfliire, in Gloffop parifh, in the High Peak. Lea, Glouc. ^ miles from Mi chel Dean. /.^«, Herts, N. of Watford. Lea, Heet. SW. ot Newent. Lea, Lanr. W. or Prefton. Lea, Shroplhire, S. o! Caufe Caffle. Lea, ShropL between S'lrf -.vibury and Wem. Lea. Shropf, near liilei'mere. Lcli, Staff, near W.ilv^rhanipfoii. Lea, Wilts near Crekclade. Lea, W.Its, near Malmituiy, Lea, or Lea Marjlon, War- wickftiire, N. of Coiefliill. Lfa, Chapel, Chefliire, nearNorthwich. Lea Hull SE. of Ciierter. Leach, a river in Gloucefterf. Leach, near ChelKr. Leacroft, S:aff, in Cannock parifh. Lead, Staff. nearPenk- ridge. Lea.len Court, Glouc. near New- ent. Lead Hall, York i. near Aberforth. Leadbills, a village of Lanerkdiire, fitu- ated among the mountains of Clydefdalt, by fume faid to be the hightfl human ha- bitation in Great Britain. Here refide many hundreds of iniiicrs, with their fa- milies. Thclc miners, though, in a great meafure, excluded from fociety, by their fituation, not only earn a comfortable fub- liihnce, but pay more attention to the cul- tivation of the mind, than many of their countrymen, fltiiated in more favourable circumflances for the attainment of know- ledge. They are very intelligent, and have provided a circulating library for the :nrtru6tion and amufement of the little community belonging to the village. Leak, Line, between Bofton and Wain- fleet. Leah, Yoikl". SE. of Northallerton. Leak, E. and H''. Nottingh. between Not- tingham antl Loughborough. Leain, a river in Northamptonfliire. Lcam, Neiv, a river in Cambridgefl^iie. Lean CajUe, Cornwall, NW. of Launcefton. Leao-1 ONG. See Lf,otong. Leap, Hampfhire, between Lymington and CaDhot Caitle, Leap, or Lepp, in Cork, Munfter, Leaplijh, Northumb. in North Tindale. Learch'tlt, Northumb. W. of Alnwick. Learmouth, Northumb. on the Tweed, in the barony of \\'ark. Leafon Heath, Kent, in Erith parifli. Leaiham, North- umberland, in the bounds of Berwick. •Leatherhf-AD, a town in Surry, had formerly a market, which has been dilcon- tinued above 100 years. Here is a bridge over the river Moie, which having funk into LEG into the earth near Mickleham, at the foot ot Box Hill, riles again near this town. Ic is 3 miles SW. of Eplbni. Leathes Water, calitrd aUbWYTH- BURN, Of Thirlmere Water, a finc lake of Ciunberland, which lies S. by E. of Kcfwick. It begins at the foot of Mount Uclwellyn, which it ikirts for the I'pacc of tour niiics, receiving numerous torrents that deicend from the mountains. The finguhir beauty of this lake is it's being almoll interleited in the middle by two peninfulas, that are joined by a neat ^vootleu bridge. The outlet of this lake joins the rapid river Greeta at New Bridge, and thus lias a communicalion with ilie Lake of Uerv^ent. Leathc's, Cumberl. a hamlet in Aikton pardh, ne;ir Thur(by. Leathley, Yorkf. NE. of Otiey. Lea'ton, NW. of Shrewl- bury. Leato.n, vStaff. near Wolverhamp- ton. Ler.veland, Kent, near Bsdlel'mcre. Leawava, a lea port ot Ceylon. Le Bailey, GloucelterAiire, in Nev.land parilh. LMerJlon, Yoiklliii e, N. Riding. Lebiua, a lea-port of Tripoli, Africa. Lebotzvood, Shroplhire, near Alftretton. Lebriran, Hampfliire, near Gofport. Lebrixa, a town of Andalufia j feated in a territory abounding in corn, wine, and olive-trees, which produce the beft oil in Spain. Lebtkorp, Lincolnfliire, between Stam- ford and Grantham. Lebus, a town in the Middle Marche, Upper S.ixony, leated on the Oder. ' Lecce, a town of Otranto, Naples. Lecco, a town and lake of Milan, near the Lake of Como. Lech, a river which rlfes in Tirol, palfjs by Landiburg, Auglburg, &c. and fills into the Danube 5 miles below Dona- wert. Lech, or Leck, a river of Holland, formed by the Rhine, which runs from E. to W. through Gueldcrland and Utrecht, palling by Rhenen, &c. and falls into the Merwe at Krimpe. Lechampton, Gloucefterflilre, S. of Chel- tenham. Leckijl, South and Beacon, Dor- fetfhire, near Poole. * Lech LADE, a town of Gloucefter- flilre, leated at the confluence of the river Lech with the Thames, 2S miles E. by S. of Glouceiler, and 77 W. by N. ol Lon- don. A canal from the Severn joins the Thames near this town. Market on Tuefday. Lechnich, a town of Cologne. Lech ivorth, Herts, nearHitchin. Lech, Lane, near the Leven Sands and river Ken. Z.i':ed-Cloth-Ha!l, is a building of confiderable extent, in which the cloth is placed on benches, for faie, every market-day ; and the whole bulintls is tranfacted within little more than an hour, without the leall noife or contulion. The Whitc-Cioth-Hall, is a iinul.-.r build- ing. The muiuiachites that lupoiy thelb two halls extend about 10 miles to the S. 15 to the SW. and % to the N. and W. the mixed cloths being molUy made in the neighbourhood of the livcr Aire, and the while cletliS In that of the Cald;.;-. Leeds has r. E E has a manufactory of camltts, uhicli has tietiincd, and a fl. N. lon.i.zcj.W. Mukeis on ruciday and Saturday. Li:cds, Kent, on the Len, near.Maidlione. *.Lehic, a town in Siatt"ord(hire, fitu- atetl in rather a barren country, having mooriaiids and craggy hilis around it. By the intervention' of a rocky mountain, at a conliderahlcdillance wellward ot the town, :he iun fcti twice in the evening at a cer- tain time ot the year; for after it lets be- hind the tc'p of ti'.e mountain, it break out :igain on the northern fide ot it, which is iteep, before it reach the lioriron in it's fall. i.c-ek is noted for a manufailore of buttons, and is lituared on the great road between M.'.nchcller, Stockport, and Macclesfield, to the Is. W. and Derby, 'Leicelter, ice. to the SE. iS miles N. of Statford, and 154 IS'NW.ofLondon. Market on Wcdnelday, Leek, Yorklhire, 8E. of Northallerton. /..".'■/', a river in Weihnorland. Leek IVot- to7i, Vv'ai \v. on a hill, near Stoneky. Lee Au;ri.'S, Hrints, near Titchficld. Leemi/iir (.'Lv'/'cl, Vorkf. E. of Bedal. Leemin^, i\'.r-va, Yov\.\. NE. of K;(lal. Lcc, Kelhcr and Upp£t'i Heref. near Wigmore Caille. Lcc, Nortb, Devonf. near Kilhampton in Cormvall. Lees, Northumh. on the river xvlow, W. ol Hexham. Lees Court, Kent, " miles from C^.nterbuiy. Lees Hall, SW. of D-rby. Lees Hill, Staff, on the Churnet, NE. of Cheedle. Lees Shipton, Jiucks, near Qu /mton. Lees 'Thorp, Lci- ctlierftire, SE. of Melton Mowbray. LstRDAM, a town of Soutli ilolliind. Li-'FROT, a fortrcl's of E. Fiielland. Leeikn River, in Down, Ullfer. Lkestown, a town of N. America, in the Itare of Kentucky and county ot Fayeiie, a few miles W. ot Lexington. It is fr^attd on tlie ealtern linnk of the river Klenti'cky, is regularly laid out, and is ilourKbing. As the banks of ttie Keif- tnckv art remarkably high, in fome places 300, and even 400 teet, compoled in geiie- tal ot rtupendous perMendicui'ir rock : »liere are few crolf.ng places ; tlie bell is at i-certown; a cucumltancc which niuft gre tly con:ributeto it's increafe. Leeward Islands. See Indie?, WtST. L E I LrrwE, in the late Auftrian Brabanf. LeJieU, Oxf, near Whicliwood I'oiert. Ia.vooc,.\, one of the Hajwee Klands, in the Pacific Ocean. Many parts of the Oimtry, near tiie (ea, ait- (Idl wafte, ow- ing, perliaps, to tlie iandinefs of tlie foil; but, in the internal parts, the foil is bet- ter; ar.tl the marks of confiderable popu- lution, and of an improved Itate of culti- vation, are confpicuous. Many of the plantations are incloftd in fuch a manner, that the fences, nmning parcllel to each other, form I'pacious public roads. Here are large fj>ots covered with the pa})<;r mulberry-tree, the plantations in general are abundantly ftocked with plants and fruit-trees; ami to tlicfe Capttiin Cook in 1776 made fome addition, by fowing the feeds of melons, Indian corn, Sic. The illands is but 7 miles in length, and it's breadth, in I'ome places not above 3. Lrftnvub, Cheihjre, near Northwich. Legacurry, in Armagh, UKter. Legkaro, Lancalhire, between Fournefs Fells and Ken Sands. Legbitrgthvjaite, Cumberland, SE. of Kcfwick. Legh^ Dcvonfliire, in Loxbear pariflt. Legbes, Northuinberl.tnd, near Langley Callle. Leghorn, a handfome and confiderable town of Italy, in the ducliy of Tufcanv, with an inward and outwaril harbom in tlie Mediterranean. It is a fne port, every bale of goods, whether great or finall, p3y- jrg only two piaftres, or fcudj. Tlte Greeks and Armenians have churches of their own, and the Turks have a mofque. Tl;e Jews have a handfome fynagogue here, as well as I'chools. Thciigh lubjeft to heavy impolts, they are very rich, and well proteded. The inhabitants are com- puted at 5o,oGC, among whom are 1 6,000 Jews. The (treets aie wide and (traight, and almoit all the houfes are of the fame height. There are fo many canals, that I'oinr have given it the title of New Venice. Near the harbour is a large building, in which tb.ey fliut up every nis^ht the lurk- iiii and the galley ilaves. At a little dif- tance, on a 'mall ilbnd, is a light-houfe, where, every night, ^o burning lamps are contained in one lanthoi n. The air here was very unliealthy till the marflies about it were drained. The commodities im- ported hence, by the Engiidi, are chiefly filk, wine, and oil. Jn i;'4i,this city futi'ered i:reatly by an earthquake. It is 45 milesSVV. of Florence, and 145 NNW. ol Rome. Lat. 43. 54. N. Ion. 10. 17. E. Lecnano, a town in the Veronele. Legjiy, Lincolnl". SE of Market Raifin. Leii'horfi, SufTex, SE. of Chichefter. * L£igEsri:R, the county town of Lei- ceftcvfliirc. LEI cefterfliire, feated on the river Soar, which has lately been inade navigable from Lei- certer to Loughborougli, is a place ot great antiquity, ' and though declined from it's former magnitude, is Itill a populous, but not a handlome town. In the Saxon Heptarchy it was tlie fee ot a bifhop, and the chief city of the Mercian kingdom. It was at one time a molt weal- thy town, and according to Matthew Pari-;, it had 31 parilh churches. It has a I'pa- cious niarket-place, with one of the laigtlt markets in England for corn and cattle. The combing and I'pinning of wool into worfted, and manufa6furing it into itock- ings by frames, is the chief bufmefs ot the town and neighboiuhood. Isi fonie yeais 6o,oool. have been returned in thefe arti- cles. It's fairs, which are upon a large fcale, for (hcep, hcrfcs fo; the collar, cat- tle, and checfe, are on May iith. July stli, O.^ober loth, and December 8th. It is 2+ miles S. by E. of Derby, and 99 NN \V. of L'liidon. Lat. 52. 38. N. loi), I. 3. W. Market on Saturday. Leicejler Ahbry, near Leicefter. Lcuef- ter horejl, Leicellerfhire, between Norman- ton and Groby. Leicestershire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the NW. and N. by Dcrbylhire and Nottinghamlhire, on the E. by the counties of Lincoln and Rutland, on the SE. and S. by Northamptonrnirc, and on the SW. by Warwickihire, It extends about 38 miles from N. to S. and . as many from E. to W. in the broadelt part. It contains 6 hundreds, iz market towns, and 200 pariffies. The air is healthy, and the i'oil, in general, ftrong and liilf, compoltd of ciay and mail. It affords great quantities of rich grazing land, and is peculiarly fitted for the cul- ture of beans, for which it is proverbially noted. Tov/ard the NW. the Bardon Hills rife to a great height ; and, in ihelr neighbourhood, lies Charnwood, cr Ciiar- ley Forell, a rough and open X\:\& . Far- ther to the NW. are valuable coal mines.' The NE. parts feed great numbers of iheep, which are the largelt, and luiv^ t!-.e grealelf ilceces of wool ot any in England : they are wjihout horns, and clotlu'd with thick long flakes of ioii wool, particularly fitted for the worlted inanufa6tures. Tiie_ E. and SF. pait of the country is a rich grazing tracl. This county has been long tamous for it's large black riray horfes, of which great numbers are continually lent up to London, as well as tor it's horned cattle and (heep, which ui[iply the Lot-don markets with the largelt mutton ; and it's reputation has betn much extended by L E I the great Iklll of the late Mr. Bakewell of Diihlcy, who bred every fpecies of duiueltic c|uadrupeds, to the utmcit jierfeftion of iorm and fize. The manufaiture of Itock- ings is the principal one in this countv. It's chi'^f rivers are the Avon; the Soaic, anciently ^e Leircj the Wreke; Anker j and Welland. Lcier, Leic. N. of Lntterworth^ Lei^k, Efllx, on a creek in the mouth of the Thames, oppolite the caltern extremity of Canvey IHand. It is noted for oylters, and has a good road lor fliippincs. The comrics aii: C.irlow, Dub- lin, Kildait., KilkLimy, King's County, Lon^toni, Lotith, Mtuth.Qu^een's County, Wtit Meatl>, WLxloi.l.and Wicklow. It is the molt Itvtl and beft cnitivately, with X plenty LEO plenfy of game. It is about 20 miles in circumference. Lat. 4.0.25. N. Ion. 26. o.E. LEMGOW,atown otLippe, Weftphalia. Lcming Green, Yorkl. between Rich- mond and Bi-^dall. Lemmgton H^Jlang, Warw. SW. of Dunchurch. Lemington Priors, near Warwick. Lewingto/2, Up- per ^nd Lefs, Glouc. in Toddenham pariili. Lemington, Lonuer, Gloucel". 5 miles ho:n Campden. Lemington, Northumberland, within 3 miles of Alnwick, in the valley of Whittingham. Lemnos, a celebrated town and ifland of the Archipelago, now called Stalimene, iituated near the entrance cf the D.irda- neiles. It is above 112 miles in circum- ference according to Pliny, who lays, that it is often fhadowed by Mourit Athos, though at the diftance of 87 miles. The po£ts made it facred to Vulcan, who was thence called Lemnius Pater. Lemnos •was alfo celebrated for it's labyrinth, of which not a trace now remains. The modern Greeks feem to entertain the fame opinion as the ancients, of that earth of Lemnos, which is faid to have cured Phi- lo6tetus, and which Galen went to exa- mine. It is never dug up but on one par- ticular day of the year, and then with all the pomp of ceremony. This earth, called Terra Sigillata, formed into fmall loaves, and lealeil with the Grand Signior's feal, is then dil'peried over all Europe. The greatelt virtues are attributed to it. Some phyficians have even prcfcribed it ; but it appears to be nothing more than a mere argillaceous earth, incapable of producing the etfeiSls that have been attributed to it. Lemnos is fubjecl to the Turks ; but the inhabitants, who are almoft all Greeks, are very indulhious. It is the fee of a Greek archbilhop. Lat.40. 3. N, Ion. 25. 2H.E. LKmon-ljlund, one of the Si<.elig Itlands, on the coalt of Kerry. It is rather a round rock, ahiiolt covered with the innumerable flocks of gannct, which nelUt- here. Len, a river In Kent, running into the Medway at Maidftone. Lena, a large river of Siberia, which riles in the government of Irkuffk, and paflTmg by Yakutlk, Ziganfk, &c. fwlls into the Frozen Ocean in lat 73. N. and Ion. 119. E. Lenaiys Cajlle, Hereforddiire, between Pembridge and Kyneton. Lenzics, a town and palatinate of Po- land, now united to Pruilia. Lenercroft, Cumb. near the Pift's wall, on the river Irthlng. Letiboroii-gh, near Buckingham. Lench, and Leuck Ro^lufe, Worcef. near Aulceffer, Leiich-Churck^ hinch Shrsevf% Lend; If'ick, Jji-Lcn(h, LEO and Hahbe- Lench, Wore. N. of Evefliam. Lenham, a town of Kent, Iituated near the Iburce of the Len, 10 miles E. of Maldlfone,and47 ESE. of London. Mar- ket on Tuefday. Lenham, Enji, Kent, near Lenham. Lenmere, Herts, SW. of Digf\yell. Lennox. See Dumbartonshire. Lens, a town in the depaitment of the Straits of Calais, 8 miles NE. of Arra^, and 55 NE. of Paris. Leujlon, Dorfetfliire, E. of Langton, in Pui beck-Kle. , Lentbal, Earls and Starks, Hereford (hi re. Lentini, a town and river of Sicily. Lenton, SW. of Nottingham. Leny, in Weft Meath, Leinlter. Lenyher, Ghmorganfl\ire, S. Wales. Lentzburg, a tovvn and bailiwick of Bern, SwiiTerland. Leo, St. a town of Urbino, Italy. ''■" Leominster, a populous town of Herefordfliire,' trading in wool, coin» gloves, leather, hats, &c. It is feated on the river Lug, 25 miles W. by N. of Worcefler, and 137 WNW. of London. Market on Friday.' Leon, a province of Spain, formerly a kingdom, bounded on the N. by Anurias, on the W. by Galicia and Portugal, on the S. by Eltramadura, and on the E. by Old and New Caftile. The foil is in ge- neral fertile, and produces all the nccelfa- ries of life; and the wine is tolerably good. It is divided into nearly two equal parts by the river Duero, or Douro. Leon is the capital. Leon, an ancient and large city of Spain, capital of the province of that name* built hy tlie Romans in the time of Galba. It has the finelt cathedral in ail Spain, and was formerly richer and more populous than at prelent. It is leated between two fources of the river Ella, 170 miles N. by W. of Madrid. Lat. 4.2. 4.5. N. Ion. 5. 13. W. Leon, New, a province of New ^Texi- co, little known. The principal towns aje Monclova, St. Jago, Comaigo, nniJ Santandcr. Leon de Nicaragua, a town of Mexico, in the province of Nicaragua; the refidence of the governor. It is icat- ed at the foot of a mountain, whicli is a volcano, and occafions earthquakes. It contains about 1200 houfes, 4 churche«, and fevcrnl monafteries and nunneries. At one end of tlie town is a lake, which is faid to ebb and flow like the fea. It is about 30 miles from the S. Sea. Lat. 12. 35. N. Ion. 88. 10. W. LfONARD. i.E NODLET, St. an ?n- A a civnt L E R L E S clent town in the dcpt. of Uppci Vlcnnc, Catalonia, with an univcrfity. Ir is feat- v.ith a conlidcikbk iniiiufatJtoiy of paper, cii on a hill, on the rivc-r Segra, 68 miles and linoilnr of cloth. It is IcauA near the W. of Baicelona, and zoo NW. of Ma- livcr Vienne, 12 miles NE. of Limoges, drid. Lat. 4.1. 4.4.. N. Ion. o. 45. E. and 105 S. of P^iis. LerinS, two French ifiaiuU in the Me- Leo/iarJ's, St. SulTcx, in a fortft of the diferrmijan, 5 miles S. of Antibts. f;ime name, to the E. and SE. of Hoi(ham. Lerma, a town of Old Caltile. Xco^/vnrj.i'r. Bucks, S. of Tiing in Herts. Lernica, formerly a large city, on the Leonard's, St. Dtvonf. near Exeter. Leo- S. coait ot the Ifland of Cypius, as appeal s nard^s, i!»7. Dorlctl". SE. of Hinton-Martcl. from it's ruins; now a large village, with Leonard's, St. Kent, near Mnlling, Leo- a good road for veflels. fiard's, St. Sullex, near H.iifings. Leo- Lero, anciently Leria, an ifland of nard's-Hill, St. Berks, in W;ndlor-Forclt. the Archipelago, near the coaif of Njtolia. Lkonhart, a town ct Carintbia. Lerwick, the chief town of the Siiet- Lkontini. See Lentini. land lilands, fituated on the E. fide of the LkoPOLD. See Lemburg. Mainland, as the principal illund io c:dl- Leopoldstadt, a towj\ ot Hungary, ed. It is a general rendczvovis of the hfli- Leostcfk. Sec Lestoff. ing-buffcs from Britain,- Holland, Dan- Leotong, a country of Chirefe Tar- marit, and other parts. Lat. 60. 20. N. tary, bounded by part of China, nnd a Ion. i. 30. W. gulf of the fame name on the S, ; by Chi- Z,«r>i, a river in Cardiganfliire. Lefantey ncle Tartary on the N. 5 by Korea on the Cornwall, S. of Launcefton. Lejhuryt E. ; and by another ffart of Tartary on Northumberland, near Aylmouth. the W. It was from this country that Lescar, a towa in the depart, of tlie the Tartars entered China, when they Lower Pyrenees, 3 miles NW. of Pau, made themfelvts mafters of it. The in- and 41 SE. of Bayonnc. habitants arc not lo gentle, polite, and in- Lesguis, Country of the, one of dultvious as the Chincfe 5 they neither like the feveii Caucafian nations, fituated be- trade nor hufbandry, although their coun- tween the Black Sea and the Calpian. tiv is very proper for both. Chenyang, Their country is inditftrently called by the or MouT-d'cn, the principal town, is large Georgians, Leiguilfan, or Dagheftan. It and populous. is divided into a variety of dilirii^s, gene- Lepanto, a confiderable town of Tur- rally independent, and governed by chiefs, key, in Europe, in Livadia, built on a elefted by the people. The Ltlguis are mountain, in the form of a fugar-loaf, on probably defcended from the tribts of the top of which is a caftle. The harbour mountaineeis, known to ancient geogra- is very fmall, and may be (hut up with a phers under tiie name ot Leigas or Ligyes j chain • the entrance being but 50 feet and the difficulty of their country, which wide. The produce of the adjacent coun- is a region of mountains, whoie pafl'es are try is wine, oil, com, rice, Turkey lea- known only to thtmfelves, has, at all ther and tobacco. Near this town, Don times, fecured them from foreign invafion. John of Auftria obtained a celebrated viCr They fublill; by raifin^ cattle, and by pre tory over the Turkilh fleet in i753« Tlie Turks have fix or /even molques here, and the Greeks two churches. It is feated on the Gulf of Lipanto, too miles WNW. of Athens, and 364. VV'SW. of Conftantinople. Lat. 38. 30. N. ion. az. o. E. datory expeditions into the countries of their more wealthy neighbours. During the troubles in Perfia, toward the begin- ning of this century, they repeatedly fack- ed the towns of Shamachie and Ardebil, and ravaged the neighbouring diftrifls; and the prefent wretched llate of Georgia Lepers, I8LE of, one of the New He- and part of Armenia, is owing to the tre» brifes, in the S. Sea. Lat. 15. 23. S. Ion. quency of their incuifions. In their per- 168. o. E. ions ^'^d drefs, and general habits of iiie, Lepperfio-j.-n, in Waterford, Munfter. as far as thefe are known to us, they Lcppcrvy, Cornwall, among the hills, greatly refemble the CircafTians. W. of Leuwlrhiel. Leppingtcn, York- Lejhare, Rutlandihire, S. of Upp NW. Ihire, between Stamford-Bridge an 1 New Malton. -Ifpton, Yorkf^ire, W. Riding, E. of Almondburv* Leria, or Leiria, a town of Portu- guele Ellramadura. I, PRICE, a lea- port of Genoa ping- ham. Lefiate, Norfolk, E. ot Lynn. Lesina. See Liesina. Lcfingkam, N. and J. Lincolnfliire, near Sleatord. Leskeard, a town of Cornwall. T!i9 principal manufactures here are thofc of Lti'iO.i, an ancient and large iowQ of icarhtr and yain. It 1$ 49 miles W. by S. of LEV S. of Exeter, and zai W, by S. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Lefnes, Kent, between Plunifted and Erith. Lefncivth, Cornwall, near Tinta- gel Caftle. Lesparre, a town in the dept. of Gi- ronde, in the environs of which are toiind tianiparent pebbles, refembl'ng the falle diamonds of Alen(;on, and known by the name of the caiUoux de medoc, medoc ftoiies. Lejfmgham, Norfolk, between Walpole and the fea. Lejfmgton, Northampton- fliire, near OundJe, Lessines, a town of the Kite Auftrian Hainault, featedontheDcnder,and famous for it's linen manutaiSlure. It is %z miles SW. of Bruflels. Lejiingbam, Yorkftilre, NE. of Kirkby- Morefide, *Lestoff, Laystoff, or Leo- STOFF, 3 town of Suffolk, feated on the fea-(hore, and concerned in the fiiheries of the North Sea, cod, herring, mackerel, and fprats. Here is alfo a manufaftory of coarfe china. The town confills of 500 houfes. It is 10 miles S. of Yarmouth, and 117 NE- of London. Market on WcdneHifiy. Lejlormal Cafile, Cornwall, near Left- withiel. Lestwithiel, a town of Cornwall, ftated on the river Foy, near it's fall into Foy Haven. Formerly fliips came as far as the town ; but the channel is now flop- ped up. They keep courts here, with weights and meafures for the whole flan- nary ; and the gaol is likewife here. It is 19 miles WNW. of Plymouth, and 230 W. by S. of London, lyiarket on Friday. Letcom'j - Ba/et, ana Letcomb - Kings, Berks, near Wantage. Letel'cr, North- umberland, near Alnwick. Leih-Place, Surry, between Dorking and Suffcx. Letheringfet, Norfolk, near Holt. Lether- ingham,'''6n'{io\V., S. of Framlingham. Lettere, in Principato Citra, Naples. *Letterkenny, 3 town of Donegal, in Uifter. It is feated on the river Swiily, 113 miles from Dublin. Letton, Ileref. near Brompton-Brain. Letton, Herefordf. E. of Weobiy. Lctlcn, Hcref. SW. of Weobiy. Letton, Norfolk, NE. of Watton. Utvuell, Yorkfliire, be- tween Rotherham and Nottinghamfhire. J.e-van.. St. Cornwall, at the SW. point of the Land's End ; has a little cove for fiflier's boats, and many tin-mines in the neighbourhood. Levant, properly (ignifies Rising, or the East, from the fun's rifing in the eaft ; but it is generally ufcd, when fpeaking of LEV trade, for the coafts of Asiatic Tv%- KEY; comprehending Natolia, Syria, Pa- lelHne, Egypt, Barca, Candia, and the ad- jacent parts. The Levant Sea mean* the eaftern part of the Mediterranean. Levantina, Val, or the Levan* tine Valley, a valley of SwilTerland, on the confines of Italy, lying between Mount St. Gothard, and the Lago Mag- giore. It is a bailiwick, fubjed to th« canton of Uri, about 8 leagues long; but it's breadth is inconfiderable. Le'vat, E. Line, in the Ifle of Axholm. Leucate, a town and lake in the dept. of Aude, 20 miles NE. of Perpignan. Leuchtenberg, a town and laadgra- viate of Bavaria. Le'vedalf, Staff, near Penkridge. Lei:e- latidy Kent, S. of Feverfliam. Leven, a river in Lane, fee ¥oJ[e. Leven, Yorkf, in Holdernefs, W. of Hornfcy-Meer. Leven, IVkite and Black, rivulets in Cumb. which, united, fall into the Kirklbp. Leven, Loch, a beautiful lake of Kinrofsfliire, about li miles in "circum- ference, fbmewhat of a circular form, and irregularly indenltd. In it are feveral fmail iflands ; it produces trout of peculiar excellence; of which great quantities, at certain feafons, are fent to the Edinburgh markets. In autumn, a lingular fpecies, called the gully trout, is here failed and dried for winter provifion. Leven, a river of Dumbartonfjiirc, in Scotland, which ifTues from Loch Lomond ; and, after a meandering courfe through a beautiful vale, adorned with farms, feats, woods, and plantat'ions, empties itfelf into the eltuary of the Clyde, below Dum- barton. Le'venaiit, a river In Cardiganfhire. Le- , Dorfetfliire, NW. of Ever- ihot. Leivell, Doifetlhue, between Staf- ford and Woodford. Levventz, a town of Gran, Hungary. *Le\ves, the principal town of SiiHex, is 3 well-built, popr.lous place, and is 'eatid on the river Oule, wliich is navi- gable here for bargTS. It is finely fituat- L E Y ed on the declivity of a hill, on which are the remains of an ancient caftle, the envi- rons of which command a beautiful view of a richly-varied country, in which the dovvns toi m the moft remarkable and ftrik- ing part of the fcene. On the river are feveral iron-works, where cannon aie ca(c for merchant lliips, befides other ufeful works of that kind. The timber here- abouts is prodigioufly large, and the foil is the richeft in this part of England. Lewes is 30 miles E. of Chicheftcr, and 49 S. of London. Lat. 50. 55. N. Ion. o. 5..E. Market on Saturday. Lewis, one of the moft confiderable of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, which being connefled by a narrow ifthmus with Harris, forms but one ifland,. which \s about 40 miles in length, and 13 in it's mean breadth. Like moft of the Scottifli ifies, it is greatly interfered by arms of the fea. By thefe it may be laid to be di- vided into five peninfulas. The country, in general, is wild, bleak, barren of wood, and little fitted for cultivation : the hills are covered with heath, ■ which affords Ihelter for various forts of game. The lakes and ftreams abound with falmon, large red trout, &c. The land animals here ^re fimilar to thofe found in the northern ifles, and the fifheries on the coaft are not inferior. Stornaway is the only town in Lewis. The ifland belongs to Rofsfhire. There are feveral inferior ifles and rocks, Avhich are comprehended under Invernels- fhire. The whole lie 20 miles NW. of the Ifle of Skye. Leivkncr, Oxf. NW. of Stokenchurch. Lei.v-North, Devpnf. SW. of Hatherleigh. Lenvcrth, Devonf near Parkham. Le-vj' Jon Hill, Dorfetflifi-e, SW. of Beminfter, Lezvflon, Dorfetftiire, a mile SW. of Long-Burton. Le^vtrenchard, Devonlhire, NE. of Taviftock. Lexden; "E^tx, near Colchefter. Lexha^n, E. andjr. Norfolk, NE. of SwafFhatn. Len.vijham, a large village in Kent, hi the road to Sevenoaks, 5 miles SE. by S. of London. Lexington, a town of N. America, capital of the ftate of Kentucky and coun- ty of Fayette. It ftands on the head of the river Elkhorn, about 480 miles WSW, of Philadelphia. Lat. 37. 57. N. Ion. 84. 43. W. Lexington, a town of Mafl*3chufetts, in N. America, celebrated for being the firft plac? where hoftilities commmenced between the Britifli troops and the Ame- ricans; 12 miles NW. of Bofton. Ley, Devonfliire, in Bear-Ferris parifh. heyborn^ Yorkfliire, a niiie and a half N. of'Middleham. Leyden, LIB Leyden, a city of Holland, fuppofed to be the lame which Ptolemy calls Liig- dunum B^ta'vorum, feated in a countiy full of gardens and meadows, funoundtd by ditches and canals, near the ancient bed of the Riiine, which now looks like a ca- nal. It is about four miles and a half in circumference ; and it's ditches are bor- dered with rows of trees. It has 8 gates, and contains 50 illands, and 14.5 bridges, the greatelt p.ut of which are made with' freeitone. The public buildings are very handlbme. There are feveral large hol'- pitals, and an univeriity, which hab gene- rally about 200 ftudents, though there are but two colleges ; for thefe fcholars board in the town, and have no drels to dilHn- guifli them. The fchool confilts of a l^rge pile of brick building, three ftories high. Avljoining to the I'chool is the phyfic-garden, where the profeflor reads k6lures in botany. The library contains curious manufcripts ; and the theatre for anatomy is the fineft in Europe. Here are manufactures of the belt cloths and ftuffs in Holland, there being no lefs than 1600 workmen employed in them. It is 4 miles E. of the fca, 1 5 SSE. of Haarlem, and zo SW. of Amfterdam. Lat. 52. 10. N. Ion, 4.. 33. E. Leyte, one of the Philippine Iflands, in Afia, about 80 leagues in circum- ference. It's foil on the E. fide is very fertile, yielding two hundred for one. The mountains abound in deei", cows, wild hogs, and towls ; and cocoas grow with- out culture. Tlicy have two plentiiul harvefts in the year, to which the numer- ous rivers, defcending from the mountains, not a little contribute. The ifland con- tains about 9000 inhabitants, wlio pay tribute to the Spaniards in rice, wax, arid quilts. Lat. 11. o, N. Ion. 125. 0. E. Lezamo, a town of Alava, Spain. Lban Dkezvi Brevi, Cardiganfhire, a village 3 miles S. of Tregaron. Lhon, or Lhan, a river of Germany, which riles in Siegen, and paffing by Mar- burg, Wetzlar, Nallau, &c. falls into the Rhine near Lohnftem. LiBANUS, the name of mountains of Turkey, in Afia, which lie between Proper Syria and Paleftine, extending from the Mediterranean Sea as far as Arabia. Their fummits are lb high, that they are always covered with fnow j but below they are very pleafant, and there are fruitful valleys be- tween them. They were formerly famous for cedar-trees, but now there are fcarce any remaining. Geographers diftinguilh them into Libanus and Anti Libanus : the>uer lies on the S. fide gf the valley, LID rifing near the ruins of Sidon, and termi- nates in Arabia, in lat. 3+. They are leparated from each other at an equal dil- tance tliroughout, and form a country, caiied by the ancientb Coeio Syria. LiEAU, a lea-pcirt cf Courland. LiEOURNE, a populous town in the' dept, of Gironde. It is one of the llaples of the commerce of Bourdeaux, and is feated on tfae river Doidogne, 20 miles NE. of Bourdeaux, and ^05 S. by W. of Paris. LiCH, a town of Hohen Solms, Upper Rliine. * Lichfield, a neat, well-built city of Staffordlhire, feated in a fine champaiga country, 14 miles SE". of Stafford, an Cumb. near Wulfty-Caftle. Liesina, a fea.port and ifland of DaJ- matia, in the Adriatic, 48 miles long and 3 broad, Ic abounds in corn, olivesj Taf- L I M fron, md wine j and was lately fuhjeft to the Venetians. Lat. 43. 30. N. Ion. 16. 23. E. LiESSE, a town in the dept. of Aifne, famous for an image of the Virgin Mary> to which a great number of pilgrims ufed to refort. It is 6 miles ENE. of Laon. LlFFEY. S^e Anngs. LiMi'RiCK, a city of Ireland, In the county of Limerick, and province of Mun- fter, three miles in ciicumlerencc. With- in a century, it was reckoned the lecond city in the kingdom : at prcfent it has loft it's rank ; not became it flouriflies lefs, but bccaule Cork llouriflies more. It is divided into the Irifh and Englilh Town ; the latter Is fituated on an ifiand, formetl by the rivtr Shannon, and called King's Ifland. It is been dilmantled about 50 years, .md has increaled piodigioully within that period by the addition of handlbme ftretts and quays : and it 's com- meice lias kept pace with it's fizs. The A H 4. linen, L I M linen, woollen, and paper manufactures are carried on here to a great extent ; and the export of beef and other provifions is conliderable. Here are many hofpilals, and foine liarRlfoiiie public lfni61:ures. 'I'he inhabitants are eftimated at upwards of^OjOoo, The country around it is f'eitlle and pleaCaiU, but the air is rather moilf. It is 50 miles SSE. of Gal way, 50 N. of Cork, and 94 SW. of Dublin. Lat. 52. 35. N. Ion, 8. 30. W. Limerick, a county oAlrehnd, in the province of Munfter, 4.0 miles in length, fliul 13 in breadth, bounded on the N. and NW. by Tipperary and Clare ; on the W. by Keriy ; on the S. by Cork ; and on the E. by Tipperary. It contains 125 pariflies, and about 170,000 inhabitants, and is a fertile and well inhabited country, though the W. parts are mountainous. Limerick, in Wexford, Leintler. Limerfdale, Cumb, W, of Bi'ampton, Jimerjhtie, Ille of Wight, in the W. Medina. LiMMAT, a river of Swifferland, firft named Linth, (111 it joins the Mat, when it changes it's name to Limmat; it pafTes through the Like of Zurich, and joins the Aar, 3 miles N. of Baden. Limme, Kent, near Kythe, 4 miles from Roinney, was formerly a port, till choked up by the fanrls. Limmington, Somerlet- ihire, near Ilchefter. Limoges, a town in the dept. of Up- per Vicnne, noted for horf'es. It contains about 1 30,000 inhabitants, and is feared on the river Vicnne, 50 miles NNE. of Pcrioue-jx, and no NE. of Bourdeaux. LiMOSiN, a ci-devant prov. of France, divided into the Upper and Lower, the former of which is very cold, but the lat- ter more temperate. It is covered with foreiis of cliefnut-trees, and contains mines of lead, copper, tin, and iron ; but the principal trade confifts in cattle and horfes. It is now the dept. of Upper Vienne, of which Limoges is the capital. LiMO.ux, a commercial town in the ilept. of Aude. It has a manufat'^ure of cloth ; and it's environs produce an ex- cellent white wine, called ha Blnnquetie de Limoiix, tiie Perr" of Limoiix. It is leated on the river Aude, 37 miles W. by S. of Ndrbonne. Li/npniro-iC, Norf. nearRedham, L'm- fdr, Nott. in Hartvvorth manor. Limpf- ticU, Surry, near Croydon. Limpflmm, iiomerrctC. , W. of Axbridge, Limpfior., Dtvonniire, near Powdevham-Calfle. LiMPUHG, a town ot Treves j and 3 o'.'ier towns of Germanv. /./■7, Staff, S^v. of Lichfield. Unajn, L I N Devon f. near Plympton. Linan., a rircr in Carnarvonftiire. LiNANGE. See Leinincen. Linby, Nottingh. near Codnor-Caftle. Linch, Suffex, NW. of Penlhurlt. Lincht E. and JV. Dorletf. in Purbeck Ifle, near Kingfton. Lifuham, Wilts, SW. of Wotton-Baffet. LiNCHANCHi, in Yucatan, Mexico. LiNCHE, a town in the dept. of the North, 10 miles SW. of Dunkirk. Linches, Gloucef. near Billey. Linch- ford, Hants, Sli. of Bramfhot. Linch- lade, Bucks, E. of Winflow, LinckmerSt Sullex, SW. of Haflemere, v * Lincoln, the capital of Lincolnfhire, is pleafantly feated on tlie fide of a hill, on the Witham, which here divides into 3 ftreams. It is much reduced from it's former extent and fplendor, and now coii- iifts principally of one ftreet, above two miles long, well paved, and fcveiai crofs and parallel Itreets, well peopled. Here are fome handfome modern buildings, but more antique ones. The Roman's north- gate ftiil remains under the name of New- port- Gate. It is a vart femicircle of (tones, of very large dimenfions, laid without mortar, and connected only by their uni- form fliape. Upon the whole, this city has an air of ancient greatnefs, arifing, in a great meafure, from the number of mo- naltic ruins; moft of which are now con- verted into Itables, out-houfes, Sec. The cathedral is much adn^ired for it's interior architecture, which is in the richeft and lighted Gothic ftyle. The great bell, called Tom of Lincoln, requires 15 able men to ring it. Tiie chief trade here is in coals brought by the Trent and Foffdyke; and oats and wool, which are fent by tiie river Witham. Here is a fmall manufac- ture of camlets. It is 32 miles NE. of Nottingham, and 133 N. of London. Lat, 53. 15. N. Ion. 0.25. W. Markets en Tuciday and Friday. Lincolnshire, a county of England, bounded on the N. by the Kumber, which divides it from Yorkfhlre ; on the E. by the German Ocean : on the SE. by the Wafli and part of Norfolk ; on the S. by Cambridgefliire and Northainptonfliire ; on the SW. hv Rutlandthire ; on the W. by the counties of Leicelter and Notting- ham, and on the NW. by Yoiklhire. It is 77 miles from N. to S. and 45 in breadth, where wide^. It is divided in- to three parts, namely, Holland on the SE. Kefteven on tlie SW. and Lindley on the N. It contains 30 hundreds, one city, 33 market-towns, and 630 parifhes. \x"i principal rivers are the Trent, Hum- ber, LIN ber, Witham, and Wellaiid. The ah* is various, according to it's three grand di- vilions, each of which i'ee. The foil, in many places, is very rich, the inland part producing corn in great plenty, and the tens colc-ieed, and very rich paftures j whence their breed of cattle is larger than that of any other county in England, ex- cept Somcrfetflure j their hories are alfo excellent, and very large ; their hunting hounds and hares are particularly noted ioi their extreme fwiltnefs ; and their (heep are not only of the largeft breed, but are clothed with a long thick wool, pecu- liarly fitted for the worited and coarfe woollen nianufafiures. " F^i'icomb, Devonf. in Ilfracomb parilh. Lincomb-Spa'w^ Somerf. near Bath. Lin- £Otan, Wilts, NE. of Bradford and Trow- bridge. LiNDAU, an imperial town, with an abbey, of Suabia, on an illand in the Lake ot Conltance. It's territory comprehends 14 villages. LlNDAU, a town of Elchfeld, Lower Rhine; and a town of Anhalt Zerbit, Upper Saxony. LiNDENFELLs, a town in the palati- nate of the Rhine. LbidJielJ, Bardolph and D' Arches, Suf- fex, E. of Cuckfield. Lifidjbrd, Noriolk, between Mundford and Buckenhani Parva. Lindly, Leicef. near Fenny-Dray ton. hindley, Shiopf. near Wenlock. Llnd-. ridge, Worcef. W. of Aberly. Lindjey, Surtblk, near Had ley. LiNDSEY, the largeft of the principal divilions of Lincolnfliire, including all the county that lies N. of the Witham and the Foifdyke. It is the moft elevated part of the coun^y ; and the air is genei'ally erteemed healthy, efpecially on the weftern lide. Toward the NE. part is a large traft of heathy land, called the Welds, the S. part of which is well inhabiteil; but the N, is very thin of people. Great flocks of iheep are bred throughout this tra.^. Lineham, Oxf. near Chadlington. Li- ner, or Li'ver, a river in Cornwall. Li/ig, Norfolk, S. of Foul/ham. Idng, Somerl'. near Petherton-Park and the river Tone. Lifigan, Hertf. S. of Pedwardin. Lin GEN, a town and county of Weft- ' phaliu, fubje6l to the king of PrufTia. Ling field, Surry, S. of Ciowhurll. Ling- Jietd- Street, Surry, E. of Ryegaie. Lin- gorill, Lli-yngorill, a river in ivlerionethf. Liiigxvetl Yate^ Yorkih. between Wake- field and Thorp-on-thc-Hill. Ling^tvood, Norf. W. of Accle. Ling-Mood-Grange, Line, between Lincoln and Tatjerihall L I P Chafe. Linhope- Spout, Northumb. a ca- taraft near Rodham, which falls 56 feet perpendicular. Linkcnham, Cornwall, SVV. of Launcellon. Likkioping, a town of Oftro-Goth- land, near the lake Roxen. Linlithgow, the county town of Linlithgowlhue, (iands on a rifmg ground, near a lake, remarkable for bleaching, and is an ancient, large, regular, and well- built place. It is 16 milts W. of Edin- burgh. Linlithgowshire, or West Lo- thian, a county of Scotland, bounded oa the W. by Stirlingfhire ; on ti)c N. by the Frith of Forth ; on the E. bv F.dinbuigh- /liire ; and on the S. and SW. by Lanerk- fliire. It is about 17 miles long, and S ia it's mean breadth. It abounds with corn and p3tture, and has alfo plenty of coal, lime-done, lead-ore, fait, and fifli. LiNOSA, anidand in the Mediterranean, near the coalt of Ttmis. ' Li/wn, or Lljvm, a river in Anglefey. Li?2jiead, Kent, 4 miles from Feverfnam. LwJ},:tr:d, Great and Little, Suffolk, W. of Haiefwortii. * Linton, a town of Cambridgefhire, I a miles SE. of Cambridge, and 46 N. by E. of London. Market on ThuiJday. Linton, Derbyfli. near Greiley-Caille. Linton, near Glouceltcr. Linton, North- umb. in Whalton barony. Linton, De« vonf. E. of Comb-Martin. Linton, He- ref. NE. of Rofs. lAnton, Kent, near Coxheath, 4 miles S. of Maidftone. Lin- ton, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the Wharfe, N. of Bardcn Tower. LiNTZ, a handfome town of Germany, capital of Upper Auliria. Here area hall, , in which the (fates aflemhle, a bridge over the Danube, and feveral manufa(Sories. It is 30 miles SE. of Paflau, and 91 W. of Vienna. LiNTZ, a town of Cologne. Linvjood, Line. S. of Market-Raifin. LiPARi, the common name ■.£ izillands in the Mediterranean, which lie to the JJ. of Sicily, between Ion. 14. i. anrt of them are confounded with each other. It abounds with the currant grape ; cotton alfo glows here; and great quan- tities of pumice aie gathered. It's capi- tal, an ancient town of the I'ame name, ftatids on the S. fide of the ifiand. 7'he principal trade of the inhabitants is in the exportation of ihe products of the ifland ; hxn the chief neceffaries of lite they im- port from Sicily, tat. 3S. 35. N. Ion. 15- 30. E. LiPPA, a town of Hungary, intheban- nar of TemeJ'war, NE. of Belgrade. Lippard, NE. of Worcefter. ■ Lii'Pi;, a river and county of Wedplia- lia. Lippock, Hants, in Bramfhot parifh. LiPSTAD r, a town of Weftphaiia, ca- pifal of the county of Lippe. It c^^ri ies on n confid'.rable trade in preparing tim- ber for building veffels on the Rhine, with which it has a communication by the ri- ver Lippe. It is fcated in an unhealthy morafs, 14 miles WSVV. of Paderborn. lAp-xvood, Northumb. in Langley manor. Lif^E, a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, 12 miles W. of St. Omer. Lire, a town of the late Auftrian Bra- bint, fcated on the river Nethe, iz miles SE. of Antwerp. Lis, a river of the Netherlands, which palTes ' / Aire, St, Venant, Courtray, &c. and falls into the Scheldt, at Ghent. Lifane, in Derry, Ulfter. Lijlellaiv, in Fermanagh, Ulltcr. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, a large, rich, celebrated city, one of the principal of Europe, with an univerfity. The fquares, public buildings, and pa- laces were magnificent, but it was almoft totally deftroyed by an earthquake, No- vember I, 1755. The new town is much more handfomc thau the tbrmsr : the plan L I S is repiilar, the ftrcct* and fquares are fpa- cions, and the buildings are eitcrant. The harbour will contain ten thouland fail of (hips, which ride in the greatelf (afety j and the city, being viewed from the ibuth- ern fliore of the river, affords a beautiful profpeft, as the buildings gradually rili: above each other. The immber of inha- bitants is eftimatcd at 270,000, of which the negroes and midattoes make a fixth part. They reckon here more than 2o,ood houfes, 40 parifh churches, and 50 con- vents of both lexes. Lifbon is fcated on the river Tajo, 10 miles from the mouth of it, 178 W. by N. of Seville, and 255 S. by W. of NIadrid. Lat. 38. 42. N. Ion. 9. 5. W. *LiSBURN, a neat, hand fwnc town of Antrim, in Ulfter. It has a large manu- faifurefor linen cloth, and is I'eated on the river Laggan, 8 miles SSW. of Bel- faft, and 73 N. by E. ot Dublin. Lifcard, Chefhire, in Wue-Hill. Lifcnrrol, in Cork, Munftcr. Lifgcnan, in Waterford, Munlter. Lifgold, and Lif- gnffen, in Cork, Munifer. LisiER, St. a town in the dept. of Arriege, featud en the river Satat, 50 miles S. of Touloufe, and 390 S. by W. of P ,ris. LisiEUX, an anci^t town in the dept. of Calvados. The public buildings are handibnte (fruclures ; it is a place of good trade, particularly in liner, cloth, and is fituated 12 miles from the fca, and 40 SW. of Rouen. Lijhiijiy, in Tipperary, Munfter. L^ IJle, ov Little IJlty in Cork, Munlier. It is fituated in the river Lea, and is 3 miles long and i broad. Li/le,OT Lijje, Hants, N. of Petersfield. Lisle, a large and handfome city in the dcpr. of the North, elteemtd one of thericheft and moft commercial in France. It is fituated in a rich, marfhy fuil, lur- rounded with walls, and ftrongly tortified. The citadel is one of the belt works of Vauban. They reckon 170 ftreets, 30 public places, 8000 houfes, and 56,000 inhabitants. The public lhui5f ures are the exchange, a general hofpital, and, betore the revolution, 3 colleges. Here are va- rious forts of manufactures, but the prin- cipal trade is in camlets. I' is leafed on the river Deule, 14 miles W. ot Tour- nay, and 130 N. of Paiis. Lat. 50. 3^. N. Ion. 3. 9. E. LiSMORE, one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, in a fpacious bay, between Mull and the coaft of Argylefiiire. It is fertile, and abt>\it nine miics long and two broad. •LlSMOkE, L I T 1^ *LiSMORE, a town of Waterford, in V Munlter, leatcd on the river Blackwatcr, over which there is a fine bridgt;, the ipnn of the principal arch being loi feet. Be- low the town is a rich filhery for falmon, which is the greateft branch of trade here. It is 100 miies from Dublin. Lifmullane, in Limerick, Munfter. I.if- Piiny, in King's County, LeinftL-r. Lif- nacQHy in Curk, Munlttr. Li^iarick, in Feimanagh, Ulller. * *LisNASKEA,a town of Fermanagh, in Ulfter, 70 miles from Dublin. Lij'ntgar, in Cork, Munfter. Lifnehill, or LijVuie, in Waterford. Munfter. Lif- fiover, in Cavan, Ulftsr. LxsoNZO, a river and fea-port of Italy, on theGulf of TrieJ.i. Lifpole, in Kerry, Munfter. LissA, an illand on the coaft of Dal- matia, lately fubjeft to the \Jenetians, where they had a fiftiery of fardines and anctiovies. It produces excellent wine, and is 70 miles W. of Ragufa. Lat. 4.2. 52. N. Ion. 17. o. E. LissA, a town of Pofnania, in Poland, 50 iniles W. of Kalifli. LissA, a town of Breflau, Silefia. Lijfam Green, Middl. near Paddington. Ltfet, Yoiki'. in Holdernefs, near Barmef- tcn. LiJ/uglofi, Line. S. of Market-Rai- /in. Lijilj, Dcvonf. near Moreton-Ham- Ited. LijJock, Somerf. on Biiftol Channel. *LiSTOWEL,atovvnof Kerry.in Mun- fter, 131 miles from Dublin. LijJuriiey, Hants, near Bifliop's Wal- thanT. Lifyofiagh, in Waterford, Munfter. Lite bet, Midtyci'vers and Mi/2jler,~Dor- fetf. near Pool Harbour or Bay. Lit- thiircb, near Derby, on the Derwent. Lrtkerland, Lane, near Liverpool Haven. Liiherfliall, Bucks, l^ear Bernwood Foreft. Lithuania, a large country of Eu- rope, between Poland and Ruflia. It is about 300 miles in length and 250 in breadth, and is watered by feveral large rivers, the principal of which are, the Dnieper, Dwina, Niemen, Pripecz, and Bog. It is a flat country, like Poland, and the lands are very proper for tillage. The foil is not only fertile in corn, but it produces honey, wood, pitch, and vaft quantities of wool. They have alfo ex- cellent little horles, which they never ftioe, becaule their hoofs are very hard. There are vaft forefts, in wlilch are bears, wolves, elks, wild oxen, lynxes, beavers, gluttons, wild cats, &c. and eagles and vultures are Very common. In thefe fo- refts, large pieces of yellow amber are fre- quently dug up. The country abounds LIT with Jews, who, thoughnumerous in every other part oi Poland, I'etm to have fixed their head-quarters in tliis duchy. *' If you alk for an interpreter," fays Mr. Coxr, " they bring you a Jew; if you come to an inn, the landlord is a Jew ; if you want poft-horles, a Jew procures them, and a Jew drives them; if you wi(h to purchal'e, a Jew is your agent j and tiiis, perhaps, is the only country in Europe, where Jews cultivate the grouiul : in pairing through Lithuania, we frequently law them en- gaged in fowing, reaping, mowing, and other works of huftwndry." The pea- fants of this country are in a ftate of the mod abjeft vaftabge. The eftabliftimeiit of religion has heretofore been the Romifti, but there were Lutherans, Calvinifts, So- cinians, Greeks, and even Turks, as well as Jews. At prefent it is under Ruflia. Ljtiz, a town of Ptrnnlylvania. Here is a fiouriftiing fettlement of the Moravi- ans, begun in 1757- There is now, bc- fide an elegant church, and the houfcs of the fingle brethren and fmgle lifters, which form a large fquare, a number of houfes for private families, with a ftore and ta- vern, all In one ftreet. It is 8 miL-s from Lancafter, and 70 W. of Philrujt;lphj3. Littleborough, Line. Uttlehorough, Nott, on the Trent, 3 miles S.of Gainlborough, Littleborough, Lane. NE. of Rochdale. Lktleborn, Kent, E. of Canterbury. L,it~ tleburn, Durh. near Brandlpeth. Liftlf- bury, Eifex, i mile from Saffron-Walden. Littlebttry, Effex, near Chipping. Ongar. Littlecot, Bucks, S£. of Wniftow. Lit- ilecote, Wilts, near Hungerford. L'lltle- hum, Devonf. near Otterton. I.htlekiun^ Devonfti. near Portiidge. Liilcmore, E. of Oxford. Littie Mmrs, Dorlerf. near Hamperfton. LittUpoit, Cambridge I', near Brancreek, in the llle of Ely. L'titldhorp, Leicef. E. of Hinckley. Littlclon. GIou- cef. N. of Marftificld. Littleton, Hants, between Stockbridge and Itchingftoke, Littleton, Middl. on the rivtr Afti, near Lalam. Littleton, Wilts, in Bifhop's L;i- vington parilh. Littleton, N. S. anon a moft extenfive fcale, fome of them having 12 or more ftories, or differ- ent floors. Since the completion of the Duke of Bridgewater's canals, the laft of which was that at Rtmcorn, a new dock has been formed by the duke above the town. One very conQderabie branch of trade carried on from this port, is that of procuring ilaves on the coall of Africa, and difpoiing of them in the Welt Indies and N. America. The trade to Ireland is very confiderable; many thips are fent to the Greenland whali-tifnery; and the coaliing-trade hence to Londoii, eniplcys a great number 01 (hips; the c.irgoes with which they are freighted confiiling chiefly in corn and checle ; and many good fliips are btiilt here. Liverpool couimu- cates, by tj»c Merfey, with Warrington, arid with .i amal, called the Sankcy Ca- nal, ninntng to lome ecal-pits and othsr L I V works, a little way up the country; by the Iiwell and the Duke of Bridgewaicr'* Canal, with Manchefter; b^ the Weever, with the Chefhire I'alt-works ; and, by the Duke of Bildgewater's Canal, with the Sraffordfliire Grand Trunk and all it's communications. The exchange is a handfome modern edifice of llone, with piazzas for the merchants, and over it is the town-hall. The houfes, in general, are new, and built of brick. The ftone ufed here is obtained from quarries in the neighbourhood; it is of a yellow colour, and extremely foft when hewn in the quar- ry, but hardens by being expofcd to the air. The mercliau'.s ot Liverpool have difgraced themfelves, more than any other people in Europe, by their iniquitous ex- ertions in the man trade; and they leera to wifh thcfe incorrigible men to per- petuate their iniamy, by giving African names to the new and improved parts of the town. Liverpool is 15 miles W. ot Warrington, and 203 NW. of Lon- don. I-Y. ^3. 23. N. Ion. 2. 5+. W. M;ifkcts on Wednefday and Saturday. Livonia, a province ot the Ruffian empire, fituatcd to the E. of the Gulf of Riga, which, with that ot Eilhonia, has been reciprocally claimed and poffelfed by the three bordering powers ot Ruffia, Swe- , den, and Poland, and, for more than two centuries, has been a conftant fource and perpetual lirene of the moft bloody wars. It was finally wrefted from the Swedes by Peter the Great, and confirmed to the Ruf- fians by the peace of Nyltadt, in 172.1. It now forms the Ruffian government of Ri- ga, or Livonia, of which the town of Ri- ga is the capital. I: is about 250 miles from N. to S. and 150 from E. to W. The land is fo fertile in corn, that it is called the granary of the North ; and it would produce a great deal more, if it were not fo full of lakes. The fith that abound here are falmon, carp, pike, flat filh, and many others. In the forefts are wolves, bears, elks, rein-deers, Itags, and hares. The domellic a:umals are very nu- merous ; but the ftiecp bear a bad fort of wool, refembling goat's hair. Htre are a great nun»ber of torefts, which confift of birch-trees, pines:, and (saks ; and all the houfes of the inhabitants are built with wood. They export fia.r, liemp, honey, wax, leather, tkir.s, and pot-aih. The Czar, Peter the Great, perceiving the inhabit- ants did nc.t like the change of Ibvereigns, compelled therri to abandon their country, and drove many of them as far as the CaU pian Sea j but being penuaded to recal thcni, melt of th?m p^rilh-rd before th? ctiict L L A cdlcl was publiftied, fo that he was obllg ed to repeople their country with other na tions. Lixnozv, in Kerrj', Munfter. Lizard, the molt ibiuhern promon- tory of England, whence fliips ufually tnke their departure, when bound to the weft- ward. Lat. 49. 57. N. Ion. 5. lo.VV. Llamamon-tn Yale, Dsnbighf. Llann- monack, Shropf. S. of Ol'weftrv. Lhtiarth, Cardiganflilre. Llanarih, Monm. E. of Abergavenny. Llanhadock, Monm. near Uflc. Llanbeder, a to\\'n of Cardiganfhire, featcd on the river Tyvy, ^4 miles E. of Cardigan, and 197 WNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Llanbeder, Monm. NE. of Caerleon. Llanbardarn Vawr, a fea-port of Cdrdlganfliire, 2 miles E. of Aberyllwith, and 197 WNW. of London. Llanbodn.i:eU, Shropf. 2 miles from the Severn, and 4 from Ofwediy. Llandeheth, Monm. W. of Strogle-Caftle. Lland- egla, Denbighf. 7 miles W. of Wrexham. Llandenny, Monm. near Ragland-Caltk. ■Llanderfel, Merionetlilh. Llaridevaigo, Monm. NE. of Crierleon. Llandeivy, 14 miles NE. of Pembroke. Liandibea, Car- merthenf. Llandtllo-Houfe, Mosim. N. of Atiergavenny. ■■* LLANDiLOVA\VR,a town of Carmar- thenfliire, feated on an afcent, on the rivtr Towey, 16 miles NNE. of Carmarthen, and 196 WNW. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Saturday. Lland-ivrng, Carmartlienf, Llaudinaho, Heref. WlofRofs. Llandogo, Monm. E. of Ragland Caftle. Llandony A^'bey, Monm. among the Hatterel Kills. Llan- dyfelly Cardifjanf. Llanedy, Carmarthenf. Llanelion, Denbighf. Llanellechyd, Car- narvonf. Llamllen, Monm. S. of Aber- gavenny. Llanelly, a town of Carmarthen- jTiire, feated on a creek, trades much in coal, and is 13 miles S. by E. of Carmar- then, and ao6 WNW. of London. Mar- ket on Tuefday. Llanc'van, Shropf. SW. of Bifliops- Caltle. Llanfai'vir, Merionethf. Llan- ■fo'ijl, Monm. near Abergavenny. Llangadocic, a fmall town of Car- marthenlhire, feated between the rivers Brane and Sawthy, which foon join the Towey. It is i>? miles NE. of Carmar- then, and 185 WNW. of London. Mar- ket on Thurfday. Llangarran, ' Heref. between Michael Church and Goodrich CalUe. Llangat- fock, Monm. near Ufk'. Lhngatiock, Monm. on the borders of Heref, Llafi^ L L A gattock Vibonanjel, NW. of Monmouth. Llangeby'f Monm. SE. of Pontypool. Llangernie-vjy Denbighih. Lla/igo'vievj, Monm. near Ulk. LU<,ngei.L'a, Monm. on the My^^'y- Llangtbhy CajVie, Monm. between Uik and Cacikon. LlaJigindairr.f C:;rmarthen(hlre. Llangollen, a town of Denbigh- fliire, in N. Wales. Here is a beautilul biidge of four arches over the river Dee, The fcenes in the vicinity of this place are very romantic and luHljine, efpecially in approaching the lofty B^rwyn mountains, which feparate the two counties ot Den- bigh and Merioneth. Llangollen is 7 miles S. of Wrexham, and 184" NV\^ of Lon- don. Llangonjen, Monm. SE.^of Ragland- Caftle. Llangfton, Monm. near Caerleon,, Llangum, Monm. near Ulk. Llanharn. See Llauc.harn. Llanbenock, Monm. N. cf Carmarthen. I.larikUkik, Monm. N. of Tumberlow- HUl. *Llanimdovery, a town of Carmar- thenrtiire, is feated near tlie river Towey, 26 miles NE. of Carmarthen, and iSi WNW. of London. Markets on Wed* nefday and Saturday. . Llanifien, Monm. SE. of Ragland-Caf- tle. Llanlo-wel-, Monm. near Ulk. LlaU" w^/7o«,j\.lonm. E. of Caerleon. LLANNERCHYMBAUD,a liiiall town ia the Ifle of Anglefea. Market on Wed- nefday. LlanneriUa, Merionethf. 5 miles E. of Bala. Llannoyth, Monm. SE. of Grif- mond-Caltle. ' Lla?io-uert Monm. E. of Abergavenny. Llnnpyl, Monm. W. of TinteVn-Abi)ey. Llanrkeider, Denbighf. near which there is a natural calcadc of Rheidr River. JAanrotbal, Heref. on the Minmow, NE. of Monmouth. Llanrwst, a town of Denbighflilre, feated on the rivur Conway; and though it is but a fmall place, it has a good mar- ket-houfe, and a free .chool. It is i^ miles SW. of Denbigh, and azz NW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Llanrupd, (.:nrdiganf. near Aberyft- with. Llanf.id'ivin, Carmarthenf. Llan- fannetn, D' nbighf. Llavfanfrold, Monm. -between Hnrdwick-Chapel and Ragland- C.iftle. Ua}:Jhpken, Pembrokel. a Imali fiiliine village, at the mouth of the To- wey/ Llanfoy, Morm. SE. of Ragland. Caitie. Uaniher'vel-Chapel, Monm. NW. of Caerleon. LanlbraU Dyfin Akvyd, Denbighf, Llantillio Grcpny, Monm. NE. of Abergavenny. Llanlrijheuy Monmouth- fliirf, near Strogle-Callle. Lla.stjussent, an ancient town of Glamorgan- L O A Glamorgann.ire, ftateil in a lilly part of the country, lo milts NW.ot Laudati", and i6f> W. ot London. Market on J-'iiday. I.latttvjirciine, Heref . above tlie conflux of the Bardfielii wnd Teme. LlamfiJd, 5 miles W. of Denbigh. Llanvages, Monm. NE. of Cat-rieon. Llan'vaice fFa- Hrden, Shropdiire, SW. of Clun Caftle. Uati'vair, Llanniair Kilgedin, Llan'vainer Ckaptl, and Llan'vapUy, Monm. Llanve- J,'i- and Llan-veru y rivers in Merionethf. I.lan'veyfio and IMuiiiibangel, Hcref. IJati- v«, Monmouthf. SF, of Caerleon. LLmixaren, Hercftudf. near Michsel Church. Llanwenarth, Monm. nL-^r Ulk. Llanvjnen, Cardiganl'. L'anwmyneck, Shropfiiire, 6 miles from Ol'weltry. Llanvolos, a town of Montgomery- fliive, witli a great market for woollen yarn. It is 18 miles SW. of Monfgo- imery, and iSo WNW. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. LlattoTis, Herefordfhire, E. of Weobly. Llaugharn, a fmall trading town of Carmarthenftilre, feated at the mouth of the river Towey, 7 miles SW. ot Car- marthen, and 233 WNW. of Lcndon. Market on Friday. l.lrddlng, a river in Montgomery (hi re. Lti'dxmch, a river in Shropf. Lleggy, a river in Carnarvonf. Llemn-xckdyny Me- vionethf. Lloger, Lougher, or Oger, a ri- ver in Carmardienihive. Lloyd, a river in Monigomeryf. running into the Severn, above Llanydlos. L'.ue, or Tblue, a rh-er in Carmarthen!'. Z.//-'f, a river in Meri- oneth, lymigo, Shropf. near Knoking. Lo, St. a town in the dept. of the Channel. Here are confiderablc manufac- tories of firrges, fhalloons, ribbons, and gold and fiiver lace. It is feated in a fer- tile cewUry, li miles NNE. of Coutances, and I'o NNW. of Paris. LOAND.x, a town of Africa, capital of a fertile province, called Loanda, in the LOG kingi?«m of Angola, with a gooH harbour. It is large and handfome, confidering the country, containing feveral churches, con- vents, and about 5000 inhabitants, of whicii only 1000 are whites. The houfcs are moff ly built of ftone, and covered with tiles. There is alfo a vaft number of ne- groes' huts made of ftraw and earth. The Jefuits had a college here. The country abounds in cattle and Hieep, Indian corn, millet, nianioe, and fruits. It is fubje6t to the Portuguefe. Lit. 8. 4-5. S. Ion. 13. 25. E. LoANGO, a town and kingdom of Afri- ca, in Congo, or Lower Guinea, lying on the fea fide, being about 250 miles in length, and 1S8 in breadth. The natives, it is faid, are converted to Chriltianity, at leaft the greater part of thein. The land is fo fruitful, that they have three crops of millet a year} and thtre is a great number of trees, vvhence they draw palm- wine. Their principal trade confilts in flaves, elephan'.s teeth, copper, tin, lead, and iron. The women cultivate the ground, fow, and get in the harvcft. There is a great number of towns and vil- lages in this country, cf which little is known but their names. They have plenty of cattle and fowl, both wild and tamr. Tlie inhabitants are black, alid of mild and agreeable manners. This country lits betwoen 10 and 19 deg. £. loni and 1 and 5 S. lat. LoBAW, a town of Culm, PrufTia. LOEOA, in Spanilh Eltramadura. Locarno, a town of SwilTerland, ca- pital of a diffri6l of the fame name, which is one of the four tranialpine bailiwicks. It contains about 1500 inhabitants. Part of the town is built on piazzas, in the form of a crefcent, with two wings; and in the front, is a row of trees, and the public walk. It contains 3 convents, and a iniall Francifcan monallcry, perched on a rock overhanging the valley^ and com- manding a fuperb view of the Lake of Locarno and it's boundaries. Locarno was once fituated on the lake, and had a port capable of receiving large barks j at prcfent it itands at the dilfance of a quar- ter of a mile, which is owing to the accu- mulation of fand brought down by the tor- rent Maggia. Lat. 46. 10. N. Ion. 8. 31. E. Locarno, Lake. SeeMACcioRE. LOCHABER, a bleak, barren, moun- tainous, and rugged ililfrift of invtmefs- fhire, in the loutiiern part of the county. LocHEM, in Dutch Gutlderhnd. LoCHER Moss, a moral's of Dumfries- fliire, in Scotland, about 10 miles in length and 3 in breadth. From the vaft oak- uees L O D trees that have been dug up here, it Is evident that this morafs has been, at Ibme difiant period, a great foreft. Canoes and anchors have been frequently found here ; and as the prelent nioials is but little ele- vated above flood mark, it is fuppofcd to have been once covered by tiie fca. LocHES, a town in the dept. of Tndre and Loire. Here was one of thofe horrid dungeons, built by the cruel Lewis XI. the wails, floors, ceilings, and doors of which were lined with plates of iron, faft- ened lo bars of the fame metal. The un- fortunate Ludovic Sforza, duke of Milan, taken in battle, under Lewis XU. ended his days in one of them. Loches is Jeated on the river Indre, near a loreR, 15 miles S. of Amboife. LocHMACEN.a town of Dumfries/hire, fituated on the W. fide of the river An- nan, 10 miles NE, of Dumfries. LocHRiDA, or OcRiDA, a large town ot Albania, in Turkey, feated en a hill, near a lake of tht lame n?.me. LocHTO, a iea-port of E. Bothnia. LocHWiNNOCH, a town of Renfrew- (hire, the inhabitants of which arc ciiiefly employed in manufaflures. It is feated on the VV. tide of a lake of the lame name, called alio Caftlc Sempie Loch, which is a or 3 miles in length, ani>l of conliderable breadth. On an ifiand in this lake is leen an old fortrefs, called the Pec! ; a name frequently given to old fortrelfcs in Scot- land. LocHY, Loch, a lake in Invernefs- fliire, above 10 miles lt;ng, and fro n\ one to two broad, comnninicating with Loch Eil, Loch Linnhe, and Loch Arkeig. Lockerby, YorkOiirc, between Barnaby- Moor and the mouth of the Tees. Lack- ering, Wilts, SW, of Marlborough. LoLk- eiiey, Hants, NW. of Rumley. Lccki'ig, Somerfetf. near Briftol Channel, oppohte Steepholm Ifland. Locking, E. and IV. Berks, near Wantage. Locking'on, Lcic. NE. of Stanton Harold. Lockington, Yorkfliire, NW. of Beverley, Locksjidd, Suffex, near Eaft Grinitead. Lockton, Yorklhire, N. of Pickering. Lockn.vooJ, Yorkl'. near Huthersfield. Locvjl, Herts, rear Hemel Hemllead. Lodbrook Park, Warw. W. of Umberflade. Loddcpivell, Devon/hire, nearModbury. Loddef-uuorth, Snfiex, near Ealtbourn and Pciworth. Loddington, Leicelferfhire, NE. of Halla- t((n. Loddington, Northamptonfhire, near Ketteiing. LoDDON, a town In Norfialk, 8 miles SE. oi Nuiwich, and 113 NE. of London. Market on Friday. Loddoftt a river of Berks and Hants, L O I running Into the Thames nearTwyfcrd. Loddan Bridge, Berks, between Readjng and Oakingham. Loder, a river in Weftm. running into the Eymot, near Penrith. Loders, Dorfetfliire, near Bridport. LODESAN, a liiiall diftrifl of Italy, in Milan. It lies along the river Adda, and is very fertile and populous. It's cheefts are in very high efteem. Lodi is the ca- pital. LoBEVE, a town In (he dept. of He- rault. It has a manufaflure of hats and of cloth, and is feated in a dry barren country, at the foot of the Cevennes, 27 miles NVV.of Montpellier, and 40 NE. of Narbonne. Lodge, Dorfetf. near Winbourn Mln- f>er. Lodge, Dorfetf. W. of Corfe Cal- tie. Lodge, Herts, between Watford and Nonli Muns. Lodge, Herts, near Sop- well. Ledge, Lane, between Prelton and Garitang. Lodge, Lineal", in Loynfdaie. Lodge-Hill, Kent, N. of Rocheiler. Lodge- Hoi'^fe, Yorkf. W. Ritling, NW. of Mid- dlelmore. Lodge in.{he-lVoiild, Nott. N. «f Nether and Over Broughton. Lom, the capital of the Lodefan. LoDOMEKiA. See Galicia. LoDRON'E, a town of Italy, in Trent. LoEMEL, a town of the fate Auftrian Branant, 35 miles E. of Antwerp. LoEWEN STEIN, a town and county ia Suabia. Lofthoufe, Yorkf. NE. of Gifborough. Loghiil, in Limei Ick, Munrter. LOGOWOGOROD, a town of Volhynia, Poland. LoGRONO, a town of Old Caftile, In a country abounding with excellent fruits, good wines, and all the neceffaries of Ufe. It is leated on the river Ebro, 20 mile$ NW. of Calahorra, and 115 N. by E. of Madrid. Loir, and Cher, a dept. of France, It takes it's name from the rivers Loir and Cher J the fiilt of which falls into the Sarte, above Angers j and the laft empties itfelf into the Loire, 5 milts above the confluence of the latter with the Indre. Blois is the capital. Loire, Upper, a dept. of France, It take it's name from the principal river In France, which riles in the mountains of the Ceveimes in Langucdoc, begins to be navigable at Roanne ; and watering Ne- vers, Orleans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, and Nantes, falls into the Bay of Bifcay, be- low Paimboeuf. Le Puy Is the cajiital. Loire, Lower, a dept, of France, on the Bay of Bii'cay, Nantes is the capital. Loiret, a dept. of France. It lakes It's name from a fmall river that falls into the L O N the Loire, 3 niilcs below Orleans, the ca- jjltai. I.olham-CriJge, Noitlinmptonfliire, be- tween Suuifuid an.l Maiket-Dceping. LoHhigto/i, SnlTcx, W. ot Pevenfey. LOMIJAK.DV, a part of Ituly, wliich coiiiprcheiiJs almol^ ail the ancient Cil'al- pine Gaul. It licj toward tiic N. and is diviJtd inro the Upper and Lower. Up- per Loinb.irdy is the weftern part, and coiiiprthtndi Piedmont, with it's depen- dencies, and the duchies of Montferrat and Milan. Lower Lomhaniy, which is the eaft^rn part, comprehends Parma, Mode- na, Mantui, Ferrara, the Bolognefe, the Paduan, Viccntin, Vcroncfe, BrefTan, Cre- malco, Be!;game('e, and ionie Imaller prin- cipalities and lutes. LoMBLZ, a linall town in the dept. of Gers, 16 niilfs SE. ot Auch. LoMONP Ben, a great mountain in the N. of Stirlingfliire, in Scotland, about 3aoo feet above the level of the lake, at it's bottoni. It ftreiches along the E. fide ot Loch Lomond feveral miles ; and it's broad bafe extends lb far into the coimtry, that the afcent of this mountain, though Iteep, is computed to be 6 miles. In this long afcent, we meet with a diverfuy of climates, and a variety of inhabitants. Ptarmig;ins, and other heath fowls, fre- quent it's upper regions : it's lower are the haunts of the loebuck ; and herds of cattle feed in the iiriguous ^'alleys and fheltered paltures at it's bafe. From this lofty mountain are feen Loch Lomond, the Clyde, the Forth, Edinburgh, the eaflern coaft as far as the Cheviot Fells, the liles of Bute and Arran, the rock of Aiifa, Ireland, the mountain of Plinlim- inon in Wales, and the Skiddaw in Cum- berland, and the hills far beyond it. Lgaiond H11.LS, in the wdicrn part •f Fife/liire, arc beautiful and veidant. Lomond, Loch, a beautiful and ex- teniive lake of Dumhartonfiiire, which de- Icends from the noithern point ©f that country, expanding us it advances fouth- ward. It is aS miles long; it's breadth from 7 miles decreafnig three quarters of a mile; and, v.-ere it's windings followed, It's circuit would be upwards ot 100 miles. There are 33 iflands in this lake, feveialof which are inhabited, and contain antique ruins, concealed among ancient yews. Others rile into high rocky clilf's, the habitation of the ofprey, or lea-eagle. In i'55, wlien Lifbon was deftroj-ed by an eatthquake, this lake was exceedingly agitated : on the Sli. corner of it, termi- nate the Grampian mountains. Ltns, LuNt, or Luv.Ntj a river which L O N rifes in Weflinorland, and flowing by Kirby Lonfdale in that county, falls into the Irilli Sea below Lancafter. The banks of this river are beautiful and romantic. -London, the meiropolis of Great Bri- tain, one of the largeft and moft opulent cities in the world, mentioned by Tacitus as a confiderable commercial place ip the reign of the Roman emperor Nero. In it's moft extenfive view, as the metropolis, it confills of the 'The Ciiy, properly fo called, the city of Weltminfter, which was once a mile from London, and the borough of Southwaik 5 bcfide the fuburbs in Mid- dlefex and Suny, within what are called the Bills ot Mortality. London and Weft- niinlter aie fituated in Middlelcx, on the N. fide of the river Thames. Southwark is feated on the oppofite bank in Surry. The extent of the whole, from Limehoufe and Deptford to Milbank and Vauxhall, is above 7 miles j but the greateft breadth does not exceed 3. With refpeifl to the government of this metropolis, the city is divided into 26 wards, each governed by an alderman. From the aldermen the lord mayor is annually chofen. There are likewife 236 common-councilmen, a re- corder, two (herifPs, who are alio (heriffs of Mlddlefex, and other officers. The go- vernment of Weflminlter is vefled in the high fteward, an under fteward, and the high bailiff, all cliolen alto by the dean and chapter. The fuburbs are under thp jurifdi£tion of the magiftrate of Mlddle- fex. Among the public buildings, St. Paul's cathedral, as the molt confpicuous, firft claims attention. This noble fabric is 1292 feet in circumference, and 365 in height to the top of the crofs. It is infe- rior to none in Europe, except St. Peter's at Rome. Weltminfter Abbey is a grand Ipccimen of Gothic architeiSture, faid to have been founded by Scbcit, king of the Eaft Saxous, in 610. Having been de- llroyed by the Danes, it was rebuilt by. Edward the ConfelTor, in 1066. Henry III- pulled down tlie Saxon pile, and began to build the prelent Itrufture in 124.5. The work was c;;\iried on flowiy by fucceeding princes, aud can hardly be laid to have been finiftied before tlie time of Sir Chrif- topher Wren, who built the two towers at the weft end. It is 360 feet in length within the walls; at the nave it is 72 broad, and at the crofs 195. The chapel of Henry VII. adjoining, Ltland calls •« The Wonder of the World." St. Ste- phen's, Wailbrook, is a fmall church of exquifite beauty, the malterpicce ot Sir Chriltopher Wren 5 perhaps Italy itl'elf can produce no modern building that can vie L O N V?e with this In t^ifte and proportion. BovV church in Cheapl'ide ; St. Bride's, in Flcet-ftrcet ; St. Duiillan's in the Eaft i and St. Martin's in the Field, are, among the other churches, moft diltinguiflied tor fine architeilure. The pariflies, in what are called the Bills of Mortality, amount to 146; namely, 97 within the walls, 16 without the walls, zi out pariflies in Mid- dlelex and Surry, and 10 in tiie city and liberties of Wcllminfter. With relpcft to palaces, tlie magnificence of royalty is not to be found in them. That of St. James was an hofpital for leprous females, dedi- cated to that faint. It was furrendered to Henry VIII. who ercfted on it's fite the prefent palace ; of v/hich it has been ob- ferved, that notwithftanding it's mean ex- terior, it is the moft commodious for the parade of royalty of any in Europe. He likewife laid out a large piece ot ground adjoining into a park, formed a canal and walks, calling it, in conformity to the name of the palace, Sr. James' Park. Charles II. enlarged and improved this fpot, adorning it with plantations of trees ; but, a few years ago, it was improved in a ftill more beautilul degree. The Queen's Palace (lands in the moft favourable fitu- ation that St. James' Park could fcrnifh. It was erefted by the Duke of Bucking- ham, in 1703, and called Buckingham Houfe, until it was purchafed, in 1761, for the royal refidence 5 when it acquired it's prefent name. In 1775, parliament fettled this houfe upon the queen, in cafe file (hould furvive the king. Carlton Houfe, the refidence of the Prince of Wales, the gardens extending to St. James' Park, is a Itately building on which vaft lums have been expended j but it is not yet completed. The Banqueting Houle, at Whitehall, was begun in 1619, from a defign by Inigo Jones. It is only a I'mall part of the vaft plan of a palace, intended tor the relidence of the Britifh monarchs, but left incomplete. Befide the royal pa- ' laces, there are many fine houfes of the princes of the blood, and of the nobility and gentry. Wcftrninfter Hall, and fome buildings appendant to it, contain the Houfes of Lords and Commons, and the fuperior courts of juftice. The great hall, in which are held the trials of peers, and of perfons impeached before the lords, ex- ceeds, in dimenfion, any in Europe, which is not fupported by pillars. It's length is 270 feet; the breadth 74; and the height in proportion. T -le Guildhall of the city, fituated at the end of King-llreet, C-heap- fide, was built in 1431. It's great hall is 153 feet long, 50 broad, and 58 high, L O N The front of this hall has been rebuilt Iii the Gothic ftyle. Here the courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas hold fittings at NiliPrius: here alfo the city ekflions are held, and all the bufmefs of the corporation tranfaiSlcd. Tiic Seifions Houfe in the Old B liley, in which the cri- minals of both London and Middkftx are tried; and the County Hall for Middle- fex, on Cierkenwell Green, are noble ftruc- tures. Of the buildings 2pproi)iiateil to the great national offices, militaiy, naval, and fil'cal, the moft ancient is the Tower of London. It is fuirounded t)y a wall and ditch, which alfo indole fcvtral ftreets. The circumference is about a milei It was a palace during 500 years ; the mo- narchs, on tlieir acceinon to the throne, conftantly holding their courts in this for- trefs ; but after the accefiion of Queen Elizabeth, this cuftom ceal'ed. The Horfe Guards, an elegant ftru6\uie, ftands op- pofite the Banqueting Houle. The War Office is in this place, and here courts- martial for the army are held. The Ord- nance Office, for the military department, is in St. Margaret's-ftreet, Weftminfter. The Admiralty is a large ftruflure, in which the higher departments of the bu- finefs of the navy is tranl'.icted, and the lords of the admiralty have houfes. The Navy, Navy Pay, and Viilualling Offices, are in Somerfet Place, a ftupendous and magnificent ftruflure, built on the fite of the old palace, ere6led by the firft Duke of Somerfet in the reign of Edward VI. Ic was begun during the laft war, and was in- tended to bring into one fpot the moft con. fiderable public offices ; and, although not yet finifhed. It already contains, Kfide the offices above-mentioned, the foUowiusj, namely, the auditors of impieft, clerk of the eftreats, duchy courts of Lancafter and Cornwall, hackney coach, hawkers and pedlars, horfe duty, lord treaf'urer's, re- membrancer's, lottery, pipe and comp- troller of the pipe, lalt, fick and huit, fignet, ftage coach duty, ftamp, furveyor of crown lands, tax, and wine licence of- fices. The king's barge-houfes are com- prehended in the plan, with a dwelling for the barge mafter ; befide houfes for tlie trcafurer, paymafter, and 6 commiilloncrs of the navy ; 3 commiifioners of the vic- tualling and their fccrctaiy ; i commif- fioner of the ftamps, and i of the lick and hurt ; with commodious apartments in every office for a fecretary, or fome other ading officer, for a porter, and theu- fami- lies. In the front, toward the Strand, which confifts of a rich baic-menr, fupport- jng an excelknt example of the Corinthian B b grdcr. L O N eritr, itid containing a principal and at- tic ftory, are aparUncnts for the Royal Academy, and the Royal ainl Aniiqiiarian roctetiet. The grand entrance, by 3 lofty arches, leads iiUo n Iparioiis qwadiaiigle, on each fide of whicli, to the ealt and weft, » Itreet is to be I'onned, beyond which the wings are to be carried. The front to the Thames is crtflcd on a noble terrace, 53 feet wide; and the building, when finilh- ed, will extend iioo feet. Tlus terrace, unpiralleled for grandeur and beauty of view, is fuppoited on a rough ruftic bafe- ment, adorned with a lofty arcade of 32 arches, each 12 feet wide, and 24. high. The grand iemicircular arch, in the mid- dle of the bal'ement, is that intended for the reception of tlie king's barges. The Treafury, which has a noble, elevated front, is in Sr. James' Park ; and what is called <« The Cockpit," forms a part of this building, and is now the council chamber for the cabinet minii^ers. In tlie city is the Royal Exchangt^, originally built irr 1567, by Sir Thomas Grefham. ■Being deffroyed by the great fire in 1666, it was rebuilt, in it's prefent form, at the expence of 80,000). In each of the prin- cipal fronts is a piazza, and in the centre an ai-ea. The height of the building is ^6 feet, and from the centre of the foiith fide riles a hntern and turret 178 ftet high, on the top of whidi is a vane, in the form of a gralshopper, the crell of Sir Thomas Grefham. The inllde of the area, which is 144. feet long, and izj broad, is fur- romided by piazzas. The Bank of Eng- land, a magnificent ftiuflure, is fituated in Threadneedle ftreet. The Culfom Houfe, to the we(\ of the Tower, is a large irregular pile, before which fhips of 350 tons can lie, and difchaige their cargoes. It was built in 1718, on the fite of a for- mer Cuftom Houle, dtllroyed by fire. The Excife Offico in Broad ftrtet, is a build- ing of magnificent iimplicity, ereiled, in 1768, on the fite of Grelliam College. The Eaft India Houfe, in Leadenhall- ftreet, vras built iu 1726. The front is very confined ; but It has great extent in depth, and contains all the offices neceflary for the tranla£ting the bufmefs of a com- mercial company. The South Sea Houfe, in Threadneedie-ltrectj is a handlbme build* ingi but the General Poftoffice, in Lom- bard- flreet, is rather convenient than Iplen- did. Of the ifrui^tures, which more par- ticularly belong to the city, the moft djf- tinguifhed is the Manfion Houfe, er£(i\ed in i7sa» for the refidence of the Lord Mayor: il is magnificent, but ponderous. The Monument is a grand flutoi Doric L O N colnmn, 101 feet high, erefled in comme- moration of the great fire in 1666. The bridges are a great ornament to the inetro- fiolis. The moft ancient, London Bridge, was begun in 1176, and finifhed in 1209. The length of it is 915 feet. The num- ber of arches was 19, of unequal diinen- fions, and deformed by the enormous fler- lings, and by houfes on each fide, which overhung in a terrific manner. Thcfe were removed in 1756, when the upper part of the bridge alfumed a modern ap- pearance ; but the fterlings remain, though they fo contract the fpace between the piers, as to occafion, at the ebb of tide, a fall of 5 feet, or a number of temporary catnrafts, which have occafioned the lofs of many lives. Weflminfter Bridge, one of the fineft in the world, was built by Labelye, a native of SwifTerland. The firfl ftone was laid in 1739, the laft in 174.7; l^"^ "" account of the finking of one of the piers, the opening of the bridge was retarded till 1750. The whole is of Portland ftone, except the fpandrels of the arches, which are of Purbeck. It is iiaj feet in length. It has 13 large, and 2, fmall femicircular arches j the centre arch is 76 feet wide; the other arches, on each lide, decreafing in width 4 feet. Black- friars Bridge, built by Mr. Mylne, was begun in 1760, and completed in 1768. It's length is 995 feet ; the breadth of the carriage way 28, and of the footpaths 7 feet each. It confirts of 9 elliptical arches, the centre of one of which is 100 feet wide ; and both this, and the arch on each fide, are wider than the celebrated Rialto at Venice. This ncble ffrufture is built of Portland ftone. In London are feveral mufeums. The Britifh Mufeum, which is open to the public gratis, was founded by parliament, in 1753, in purfuance of the will of Sir Htus Sloane, who direfled his executors to make an offer to the pub- lic of his cclletStion of natural and artifi- cial curiofities and books, for the fum of 2o,oool. and the noble building called Montague Houfe, was pui chafed for their reception. At the fame time were pur- chaled the MSS. collefted by Edward Harlcy, earl of Oxford. Here are like- wife the colleilions made by Robert and John Cotton ; and large funis have fince been voted to augment this noble repofi- tory. George II. prefenteJ to it the li- braries of the kings of England, from the reign of Henry VII. His prefent m^ajefly gave it an interelting col!t6tion of trafls publifiied in the reigns of Charles I. and II, and antiquities, brought from Italy, were purchafed by parliament, for 841 ol. io L O N in 1762. The Leverian Mufeum is fitu- ared in Great Surry- ftreet, on the S. fide of Bhckfriars Bricfge. This magnifi- cent mufeum was collf6led by the late Sir Afhton Lever, and contains the nioft afto- nifhing colledion in natural hidory that had erer been formed by an individual. Having obtained nn aft of parliament, empowering him to difpofe of this mui'cum by a lottery, to confill of 30^000 tickets, at a guinea each, he found i'o little avidity L O N . friars, once a royal palace, but now a royal hofpital, for the apprenticing of the induftrious youth, and a prlfon for the dif- folutcj Bethlem, in Muorfields, another royal hofpital, for lunatics; St. Luke's, ia Old-ftreet, alfo for lunatics ; St. Thomas', in the Borough, the fourth royal liofpital, for the lick and lame; a.nd for the lame purpofe are Guy's Hofpital, adjoining; the London Hofpital, in Whitechapel-road ; the Middlefex Hofpital, Eeiners-Ibeet ; in the public to adventure, that he fold tlit: Weftminfter Infirmary, Petty France j no more than gooo tickets, when the ap- pointed time of drawing arrived ; when this valuable treafure was transferred iiova. him to the prefent pofieffor, Mr. Parkin- fon, who erected the building it now oc- cupies for it's reception. Another mu- feum, confiftlng of anatomical prepara- tions, and natural curioficies, collefted by and St. George's Hofpital, Hyde Park Corner. The Foundling Holpitai, ia Lamb's Conduit Fields; the Al'ylum, at Lambeth, for orphan girls; the Magdalen Hofpital, in St. George's Fields, for peni- tent proftitutes; the Marine Society, in Biftiop (gate -ftreet; the S.Tialipox Hofpi- tals at Pancras; the Lock Hofpital, near the late Dr. William Hunter, who built a Grofvenor Place; the Weftminfter Lying fpacious edifice for their reception, in Windmill- ftreet, Hay market, is now open to the public, and is to continue fo for 30 years from the time of his death in 1783. Of the inns of court, or focieiies for the ftudy of tlie law, the principal are the Middle and Inner Temples, Lincoln's Inn, in Hofpital, and many others for the fame purpofe, are alfo excellent inftitutions; and there are many difpenfaries for dif- penfing medicines to the fick, who keep t9 their houfes, under the direftion of a phy- fician to each difpenfary, and proper affift- ants. The prifons are numerous : the aiKi Giay's Inn. Thefe are very fpacious, principal are Newgate, a ftupendous ftruc and have large gardens, which are open to the public. The others are Clifford's Inn, Clement's Inn, Serjeant's Inn, New Inn, Lyon's Inn, Barnard's Inn, Furnival's Inn, and Staple's Inn. The College of Phyficians, unfortunately hidden in War- wick-lane, was built by Sir Chriftopher Wren. Sion College, near London Wall, founded, in 1603, by the Rev. Thomas White, is governed by a prefident, > deans, and 4. afliftants ; and all the clergy within the bills of mortality are it's fel- lows. Here is a library for their ufe, and almflioules tor 10 men and 10 women. The Society for the Encoui-agement of Arts, Manufaftures, and Commerce, have a handfome houfe in the Adelphi. ■ Of public feminaries, the moft diftinguiftied are Weftminfter School, St. Paul's School, the Chrutrf Houfe, and Merchant Taylors School. The places of diverfion are nu- merous and magnificent. Of the halls of the city companies, the moft diftinguiftied in point of architeflure, are Surgeons Hall, in the Old Bailey; Goldfmiths Hall, Fofter-lane; Ironmongers Hall,Fen- church-ftrcet ; and Fiftimongers Hall, near London Bridge. The principal hofpitals are Chrift's Hofpital, near Newgate- ftreet, a royal foundation, for orphans and poor children j St. Bartholomew's Hofpital, Weft Smithfield, another royal foundation ior the lick and lame; Brideweii, in Black- ture ; the New Compter, Giltfpur-ftrcet; the Fleet Prifon, for debtors ; the King's Bench, in St. George's Fields, for the lame purpofe ; and a new county goal (In- cluding a new feflions-houfe) in South- wark. Some of the fquares and ftrects in the metropolis are magnificent ; and many of thofe which, cannot boaft of grandeur, are long, fpacious, and airy. Portland Place forms, perhaps, the moft magnificent ftreet in the world ; Stratford Place is truly elegant ; and the Adelphi Terrace is the admiration of foreigners, for the noble view which it affords of ihe river, the bridges, and other public buildings, and of the fine hills beyond Lambeth and Southwark. The broad ftream of the Thames flowing between London and Southwark, continually agitated by a briflc current, or a rapid tide, brings conftant fupplies of fVe66, by which annoyed by the inaiflies, and more liable to 13,000 houles weic dcihoyed. Lat. 57. the inlults of foreign foes ; had it been higher, it would not have been accefTible, as at prcftnt, to fliips ot large burden. It row pofltiTes every advantage tliat can be del ivcd from a fea-port, without it's dan- 31. N. London Fajlcote, Line, among the Fen* on Bolion Dyke. London. Lilllc, EHirx, near Sanlfoid Magna. London, Little, Middl. S. of Hillinsdon Hea'h. London gers ; and, at the lame time, by means of Thorp, Lincolnfliire, NE. of Grantham, it's noble river, enjoys a very extenfive London, New, a fea-port of N, Ame- communication with the internal parts of rica, in the ftate ot Conneflicut, and coun- the country, which fupply it with necefia- ty of the fame name. It's harbour is the lies, and, in return, receive from it fuch belt in Connecticut, and as good as any in commodities as they require. With the the United States, and is (itfendc*) by 2 great article of fuel, London is plentifully forts. It is fituated on ihe W. fi(!e of i"upplied by fea from the northern collie- the rivei' Thames, near it's entrance into rics. Corn and various other articles are the Sound, about 90 iniles ENE. of Nevr with equal eafe conveyed to it from all the maritime parts of the kingdom, and great numbers of coalUng vtifcls are continually employed for this pi:r;)ofe. London, there- fore, unites in itfclf all the benefits arifing from navigation and commerce, with thole of a metropolis at which all the public bu- ilnefs of a great nation is tranfa6\ed ; and is, at the fame time, the mercantile and political head ot thele kingdoms. It is alfo the feat of many conliderable manu- laflures ; fome alinolt peculiar to itfelf, as miniftering to the demands ot ftudied Iplendor and refined luxury ; others in which it participates with the manutaftur- ing towns in general; wit!) this difference, that only the liner and moie collly of their works are pei formed here. The moft im- portant of it's peculiar manufaiFlui-es is the liik weaving, eltablifhtd id Spitalficlds by refugees from France. A variety of works in gold, lilver, and jewellery ; the engravings of prints ; the making of op- tical and mathematical inftrumcnts, are likewife principally, or fokly, executed here, and lome of them in greater perfec- tion than in any other country. The por- ter-brewery, a bufinefs of very great ex- tent, is aUb chiefly carried on in London. To it's port are likewife confined fome branch -s of foreign commerce, as the vail Eaft- India trade, and thofe to Turkey and Hudfon's Bay. Thus London has rifen -to it's prefent rank of the firit city in Eu- rope with refpc£l to opulence; and nearly, if not entirely lb, as to number ot inhabit- ants. It is probable, that the refidents in York. Lat. 41. 25. N. Ion. 73. 10. W. Londonderry. SeeDERRV. Long Ajlon. Somerf. 4 mihs from Briftol. Long Ball, Dorlctf. near Brandfey Illand. Longbeach, Kent, near Charing. Long- borough, Gloucefterf. 3 miles N. of Stow, Longbrtdy, between Dorchcfter and Brid- porr. Longhridge, Dorfetf. NW. cf Ax- minller. Longhridge, Glouc. near Alhel- woi'th. Longhridge, Glouc. N. of Ber- keley. Longbridge, S. of Waiwick. Long Burton, Dorletf. 3 miles SE. of Sher- born. Longchapel, Shropf. NVV. of Wel- lington. Longcomb, Oxf. near Woodltocic Park. Long Coppice, Hants, in War- blington parifli. Longcot, Berks, near Far- ringdon. Longdon, Staff. 4 triles fmrn Lichfield. Longdon, Shiopf. near Drayton. Longdon, S. of Shrewfbury. Longdon, Woicelterfliire, S. of Upton. Longdridge, Cornwall, N W. of Kellington. I^ongjield, in Leitrim, Connanght. Longfeld, Bucks, near Fenny Stratford. Lojigfield, Kent, between Dartford and Cobham. /.cjff^^f^/, Dorfetfhiie, on Pool Harbour. Longford, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 11 miles in length, and 14 in breadth ; bounded on the W. by the river Shannon, on the E. and S. by Weft Meath, and on the N. and NW. by Leitrim and Cavan. It contains 23 pa- rifhes, 10. 000 houfes, and 50,000 inhabit- ants ; and is a 1 ich and pieafaiit country, though, in ibmc places flat, and apt to be overflown by the Shannon. ♦Longford, tlie capital of the county London, Weltminfter, Southwark, and all of Longford, is feattd on the river Crom the out pariflies, do not fall fliort of lin, or Cammin, which falls into ihc Shan- 900-000. London is a bifhop's fee, and non a few miles below. It is 64 mile* "Iciidf 4 members to parliament. Toenu- NW. by W. of Dublin. z LoMgforJ, L O N J.ongford, W. of Derby. Longford, near Gloucclter, Longford, Middl. SE. of Colnbrook. Longford, bluopfh. near Drayton. Longford, Wilts, 3 miles from Silifbury. Longford's Barley, Gloiiccf. in Hanipron panlli. Longham, Dorletfh. E. of Winbniirn Minfter. Lo?igham, Norf. NVV. of Ea ft Dereham. Longhum, ijonierl". NW. of Somerton. 'Longhope, Glouc. 3 miles NE. of Mitchel-Dean. Longhope, Northumberl. near Hexham. Longhorfw Northnmb. near Widrin^ton- Caiilc. Longbiirjl, Northumb. NE. of Morpeth. Long Island, an ifland of the ftate of New York, I'eparated from Connefliciit by Long Iflaii(l Sound, and divided into three coimfies, King's, Qneen's, and Suf- folk. It extends NE. from the city of New York 14.0 miles, but is not more than zZ broad on a medium. Hence are exported, to the Weft Indies, &c. whale oil, pitch, pine boards, hories, cattle, flax-leed, beef, &c. The produce of the middle and weftern parts of the ifland, paniciij-.irly corn, is carried to New York. This illand, in 1792, contained upward of -50,000 inhabitanis. LoNGiNico, a town of Turkey, in the Morea, anciently called Olympia. Long/ane-Mill, Djrfetfhire, near Pen. Longleat, or Longjlet, Wilts, 3 miles E. of Warminftei. Loni^lode, Somerl. SW. of Ilchefter. Louglother, Dorl'etfti. NE. of Bridjiort. Longmore, Staff, near Wa- ter. Eaton. Longney, Glouc. 3 miles E. of Newnham. Longnon, Shropl". W. of Wenlock. Longnon, StaffordOi. NW. of Lichfidd. Longnor, SE. of Siirewfbury. Longnor, Staff. NE. of Leek. Longparipi, Hampfli. between Andover ants, between Dunbury-Hill and Stock- bridge. Longjhn, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Longtkorp, Yorkfli. near Bedal. Longtborp, Northamp. near Peterborough. Longtoft, and it's Drain, Line, near Mar- J(et-Decping. Longion, Staff, near Rudg- ley. I Lo?tgtoivn, Heref. near Old Court Dowlas. LoNGTOWN, a town in Cumberland, is feated on the river Elk, near it's con- fluence with the Kirklbp, on the borders of Scutland, 5 miles N. yf CarliUe, and LOR 310 NNW. of London. Nfarket on T/iurfday. L ONGUEVILLE, a town in the dept. of Lowe/- Seine, 9 miles S. of Dieppe. Long-xuard, E. of Hereford. Longivcod, in Meath, Leinfter. Len^,-Tvorth, Berks, W, of Abingdon* Longivsrth, Lane. E. of Chorley. Long ivori/j, Lonxjcr, near Hereford. LoNGWY, a town in the dept. of the Molelle, feated on an eminence, i <; miles SW. of Luxemburg, and 167 NE. of Paris. Lonfdale, Weftmorland, a vale on the river Lon. LoNS LE Saulnier, a town in the dept. of Jura, formeily celebrated for it's falt-works, which are not now carried on. It is feared on the river Solvan, 30 miles S. of Dole. Loo, a town of Dutch Guelderland. LoOE, East, and West, two fmall towns in Cornwall, feparated from each other by a creek, over which is a narrow ffone bridge of feveral arches. Eaft Looe is i6 miles W. of Plymouth, and 231 W. by S. of London. Each of them have a market on Saturday. Looke, Higher and Lo-ver, Dorfetfhire, near Abbotlbury. Loop- Head, or Cape Lean, in Clare, Munfter, at the mouth of the Shannon. Lat. 5X. 20. N. lon. 9. 58. W. LooPOOL, Cornwall, a lake near Hel- icon, 2 miles long, parted from the lea by a ridge, over which the waves fomctimes beat with a wonderful roaring. It abounds with exctllent trout. Loofe, Kent, S. of Maidftone. Loots, a town and county of Liege, Lopham, N. antl S. or Great and Little, Norf. on the borders of Suffolk W, of Dilfe. Lophamford, Suff. NW. of Bud- defdale. Loppingtan, Shropfliire, NW. of Wem. LoRA, a town of Seville, Andalulla. LORA, in Hohenftein, Upper Saxony. LoRBL's, a town of Tunis, with a caf- tle and line remains of antiquity. LORCA, a town of Spain, in Murcia. LORCH, a town of Mentz, Lower Rhine. Lord Howe's Group, an exfenfive group of iilands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Captain Hunter in 1791, whD from the mafthead could diftindtiy defcry 32 of them. They appeared thick- ly covered with wood, among which the cocca-nut was very diftinguifliable. The natives were of a daik copper colour; their hair tied in a knot on the back of the head; and they kemtd to have lome method ii b 3 of LOR of taking off the b.-aul, tor tliey appeared as it clem flinvcd. They had an ornament, confiding of a number of fringes, like an artificial beard, '.vbich tlity falten between the nolt and month, and dole under the nolt;. To that beard hung a row of teeth, which gave them tlie appearance of having a inouih lower than tlieir natural one. They have holes run through the fides of the Hole into the pafl'age, into which, as well as through the leptuni, they thruft pieces of reeil or bone. The arms and thighs aie tattooed in the manner defcrib- ed by Captain Cook, of fome of the na- tives of the iflands he vifitei in thefe feas, called Tatowing ; and lome were painted with red and white ftrc:aks. They wore a wrapper round their middle. Lat. 5. 30. S. Ion. from J59. 14.. to 159. 37. E. Lord Howe's Island, an ifland of the S, Pacific Ocenn, about 14.0 leagues E. of New S. Wales. On the W. fide is good anchorage, but the bottom is a coral rock. Many excellent turtle have been caught licre on a fandy beach ; and the iflana abounds with a variety of birds, which, when our feamen landed here, were fo unsccultomed to be difturbed, that they came near enough to knock down as many as they wanted with a ftick. This ifiand was difcovered, in 1788, by Lieutenant King, In his voyage from Port Jackfon to Norfolk Ifland. At the S. end of it are two Very high mountains nearly perpendi- cular from tiie lea, the fouthernmoit nam- ed Mount Gower. About 14, miles to the S. is a very remarkable rock, named Bail's Pyramid, which had much the ap- pearance ot a fteeple at a diftance. Lord Howe's Ifland is three miles and a half long, and very narrow acrofs. Lat> 31. 36. S. long. 159. o. N. Lordings, Suffolk between Stepham and Biilinghurlt. LoREDO, in the Dogada, lately belong- ing to Venice. LoRtTTO, a town of Italy, in the jnarquii'ate of Ancona. They pretend to fhew here the houle of Nazareth, in which Jefus vfas brought up 5 and fay that it was carried by angels into Dalmatia, and thence to the place wheie it now (tands. The inner part of this lioufe, or chapel, is very old, but it is furraunded by a mar- ble wall, and within is a church built of frceltone. A ftatue, to reprefent Mary, the mother of Jefus, with the image of Chrilt, covered with diamonds, in her anng ftands upon the principal altar: it is of cedar-wo (I, three feet high, but the face ca.i hardly be (een, on account of the ioiojce ot tht iiuuieiQus lamps around it. LOR She is clothed with cloth of gold, fct off with jewels, with a triple crown on her head, and the infant is covered with a fhirt, holdmg a globe in it's hand, adorned with ricli jewels. The fanfluary is perfectly crowded with 6i gren' lamps of gold and filver; one of the golden ones, which was prefented by theRepublicof Venice,weighs 57 pounds ; there are alio angels waiting about the holy image, one of maflive gold and two of filver : and the walls are cover- ed with plates of filver. Chril'tina, queen of Sweden, gave a crown of gold, worth above 100,000 crowns ; and Jlabella, in- fanta of Spain, fent a garment, which cort 40,000 ducats. Lewis XIII. of Fiance, and his queen, fent two crowns ot gold, enriched with diamonds. Befide thefe crowns, they fent an angel of m?.lTy filver, holding in it's hand the figure of the dau- phin, of folid gold. The Jewels of the Holy Houfe are nothing in comparifon with the treafure, where the numbir, va- riety andrichnefs of the veftments, lamps, candlefticks, gobkts, crowns, crucifixes, images, cameos, pearls, gems of all kiiuls, &c, is prodigious. As for the town itfelf, exclufive of the chapel, it is neitheir very confiderable nor very agreeable, nor does it contain above 300 inhabitants, who are ^Imoft all fhoemakers, taylors, or fellers of chaplets. Loretto is feated on a moun- tain, 3 miles from the Adriatic, 10 SE. of Ancona, and 11a NE. of Rome. LoRGUES, a populous town in the dept. of Var, 5 miles W, by S. of Dra- guignan. Lorn, a diftrici in the N. of Argyle- fliire, between Loch Etiveand Loch Awe, Lor RAIN, a ci-devant province of France, abounding in all Ibrts of com, wine, hemp, flax, rape-feed, game, fifh, and, in general, all the necefTaries of life. Here are fine meadov»s, and large forefts, with mines of iron, filver, and copper, and fait pits. The principal rivers are the Made, or Meufe, the Mofelle, the Seille, the Meurthe, and the Saare. It now forms the departments of the Meufe, Meurthe, Moiclle, and Vofges. LORRIS, a fmall town in the dept. of Loiret, 12 miles W. by S. of Montargis. Lorton, Cumb. a village divided into High and Lotv, It if plcafantly feated on the river Cocker, in Lorton Vale, 4 miles SE. of Ccckermouth. Lofcomb, Dorfetf, X miles and a half from Netherby. Lofe~ bye, Leic. NE. of Bllfdon. Lofely, Sur- ry, on the Wey river, between Guilford and Godalmui. Lockjlock-Grabam, Chef. E. of Nonhwich, lotjomey York. NW. of Hovvden, Lot, LOU Lot, a river of France, which has it's rife in the dept. of Lozere, and falls into the Garonne at Alguillon, in the dept. of Lot and Garonne. It begins to be navi- gable at Cahors. Lot, a dept. of France. It takes it's name from the river Lot. Cahors is the capital. Lot and Garonne, a department of France, fo called from the junflion of the two rivers of that name. Agen is the capital. Lotbbury Bucks, N. of Newport-Pag- nel. Lothian, East. See Hadding- tonshire. Lothian, Mid. See Edinburgh- shire. Lothian, West. See Linlith- gowshire. Lottockjhell, Devonfliire, near Colhimp- ton. Louans, a fmall town in the dtpt. of Saone and Loire, fituated in a kind of ifland, between the rivers Seilles, Salle, and Solnan. It has many nianufa£tories, and an hofpital ; and is 15 miles SE. of Clia- Ions. LovarJ, Dorfetf. in Piddleton parifh. LouDUN, a to'.vn in the depth, of Vi- enne, fcatedon a mountain zymilcsNNW. of Poitiers, and 155 SW. of Paris. Lovely Dorletf. jmW. Knighton parifli. Lo'velace, Kent, in Betherfden parifli. Lo- 'uells-Grofs, and Heath, SuiTex, NE. of Horftiam. Lovdjion, Devon'., in Hewiih parirt). LovENDEGEN, a fortrefs in the lite Auftrian Flanders, 5 miles W. of Ghent. Lo'ventor, Devonf. in the Parilh of Ber- ry-Pemcry. Lough Aghree, in Down, Uifter, 3 miles ESE. of Droinore. It is in length near a mile, tnd in breath about a quar- ter J and Ilored with excellent trout and eels. Lough Allen, in Leitrim, Con- naught, more than 30 miles in circuit, xnd encompTilfed by high mountains, forming a beautiful and pidlurefque fcene. This diftrift abounds with coal and iron mines; and iron works have lately been eftablifhed in it's vicinity. Lough Allua, in Cork, Munfter, within a mile ot Inchigeela, and hereto- fore remarkable for the hermitage ot Fin- bar, fituated on an ifland in this lake. Lough Arrow, in Sligo, Connaught, a n-.iles from Ballinafabad. It has in it u number of iflands, romantically fituated, and well planted. Loughs Ballydowgan, Bally- LOU KILBEC, BaLLYKINLER, BaLLYNA- HiNCH, Ballyroney, and Beg, all in Down, Uifter, and genernlly abounding with eels, trout, pike, and roach. * Loughborough, a town of Lei- cefterftiire, pleafantiy Jeated among fertile meadows, on the river Soar, near the fo- reft of Char-.vood. It is 11 miles N. of Lciceltcr, and no NW. by N. of Lon- don. Market on ThurJday. • LouGHBRicKLAND, a town in the county of Down, in Uifter. The name fignifies the lake of the Ipecicled troHt, and it was lb called from a lake near it, which abounds witli that particular fpecies of fi(h. It conlifts chiefly of one broad ftreet, and is a great thoroughfare, being by the great road from BelTaft to Dublin, from wiiicii latter place it is 58 milts. Lough Conn, a lake in Mayo, Con- naught. LoucH CoRRiB, in Galway, Con- naught, is upwards of 20 miles long, and, in lome parts, 6 broad, having many very fine iflands in it. It is remarkable for the Gillaroe trout, a very delicate fifh, which weighs from 'a to 18 pounds. Lough CuRRANE. See Lough Lee. LouCH Derg, a lake of D>negal, Ui- fter, from which tiie river Derg iffues, wliich falls into Lough Foyle. In 11 is the iflaMd containing the narrow little cell, called St. Parrick's purgatory. LouGH Derg, a large lake in the Shannon, between Tipperary and Galway. LouGH DiAN, in D:)wn, Uifter. LouGH DiKEVREAGH, in W. Meath, Leinfter. LouGH DoRN, in Down, Uifter, LouGH Drine, in Cork, Munfter. LouGH Erin, in Down, UUfer, in the parifti of Anahilt. It is (b deep, in fome places, that a line of 16 fathoms has prov- ed infufficient to ibund it. It is remark- able for breeding pike, trout, and eels of a very great li/e. LouG4 Erne, in Fermanagh, Uifter, is divided into the Upper anil Lower Lakts. See Erne, Lough. LouGH EsK, in Down, Uifter, pro- duces pif-nty of char-fifh. LoucH Falcon, in Down, Uifter. Lough Foyle, inDerry, Uifter. Be- fore the mouth of thi« lake, or gulf, is a great liand, called the Tuuns, which, how- ever, does not obftrvift the navigation, as there are at all times 1+ or 1 5 f atlioms wa- ter in the channel, v/hich is bioad as well as deep j and in that arm whereon L ni- licpderry ftands, there are -. 72, fo that it is cfteemed as good and commidi.. 0U$ a harbour at any in the kingdom. B b 4. Loughs LOU Dublin, and contains feverni iflands, where there are fome ruins of calUes. "LouGHREA, a town ot Galway, in Connaiight, It is feated near a bciiutiful lake of tht fame name, which is men- than a mile in length and one in breadth, 86 miles from Dublin. Lough Ree, between the counties of Lough Hine, in Cork., Munilcr. It Longford and W. Meath, in Leinlter, and is about two milts in circumfcrtuce, anj RolcomniOn, in Connauglit, is ahandlome, abounds with falmon, white trout, lob- fpacious lake, formed by the Shannon, and fters, crabs, elcalops, and linall deep oy- cont linb ftveral fmall iflinds. ftt-rs. l-oiigbrigg, Weilmorl. near Rydal, to LoucHlNCHTQXJiN,inClare,Mun(ttr, which it is joined by a bridge, making affords delicious fi/h, and fine views. one village with it. . Lough Tnny, in W. Meath, Leinfter. LoitGH Salt, in Donegal, Ulfter, be- LOU Loughs Gara and Gill, in Sligo, Connaught. LouGH Gri.L, in Antrim, Ulfter. Lough Guir, in Limerick, Munfler. Lough Gulu, in Antrim, Uilfcr. Lough Hanch, in Queen's County, Lfiniter. Lough HENNcy.in Down, Ulfter. Lough Kay, in Leiirim, Connaught. It is a beautitul piece of water, interfpcrrl- fd with illands, fome of which exhibit old caftles and riiins ; fome lotty ti;iibi.r-trees; and fume, highly improved, a perpetual verdure, witiiout a iinglc tree. Lough Kerma«, in Down, Ulfter. Lough Lane, in W. M«"atli, Ltinllcr. Lough Lean. See Killarney. tvvcen Kilmacrenaij and Glenn Inn, ou the top of a lofty mountain. Lough Scudy, in W. Meath, Lein- fter. Lough Shark, in Down, Ulfter, co- vers about 80 acres. Lough Shellin, in W. M'ath, Lein- fter, within a mile of Daly's Bridge. It contains lorne fmall ift.inds, and is of con- LOUGH Lee, or Lough Currane, fiderabie magnitude, extending to Fmae, in Cork, Munlter, near the Bay of Bdli- where it communicaies with Lough Inny, nafkeligs. It is, of an oval foim, 3 niiles in length, af.d about half as broad j con- tains 3 Imall illands, and abounds with cxcrllent white trout and lalmoii. Lough Lheighs, or Healing Lough, in C;iv.in, Ulfter. l.oughlin, in Roicom.mon, Connaught. Lough Loughail, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. It is about 3 miles long and i Between the loughs is a bildge, which joins the counties ot Welt Meath and Cavnn. Lough Shy, in M.iyo, Connaught. Lough Strangford. 'w. Dtjwn, UU fter, takes it's pieli-nt nauie from a fmall poit town, called Strangtoid, feattd on the W. fide of the narrow entrance from the lea. It was formerly known by the broad, having in it 5 fraali iflands, which name of Lough Cone, or Lough Coyne, are planted with trees, and pretty well cul- It is a deep bay, or inlet ot the lea, about tivated, 17 miles long and 4 or 5 broad, and Lough Macnean, in Fermanagh, abounds with excellent fifli, particularly Ulfter. fmelts ; and, off the bar, there is a peri- Lough MagHAN, in Down, Ulfter. odical herring-fiOiery in autumn. It con- It is in the barony cf Kinelearty, covers tains 54. iftands, fmall and great, known about Z3 acres, and is ftored with pike, ^els, roach, and bream by pr.rticular names, and there are many others which are nameleff. Four of them Lough Mask, in Mayo, Connaught. aie called Swan Illands, from the number ioucH More, in Limerick, Munller. of fwans which frequent them. The great LouG'i Neagh, fituated in or between and profitable manutaifure carried on in the counties of Armagh, Down, Derry, thef;; iflandb, is the burning of fea-weed and Antrim, in Ulfter. It is the largelt into kelp. i'.ke in E'lrope, thole of Ladoga and One- Lough SwiLLY, in Louth, Leinfter. ga in RuiTia, and that of Geneva in S-.vif- Lou-^kto/i, Bucks, between Fenny and ferland excepted, being 20 miles long and Stcny Stratford. Lo.v?Z>/o«, Efiex, 10 miles 15 broad. The area of it is ccinpnted to from London. Loughtm, Line. W. of he 100,000 acies. It is remarkable for K'.rton, in Lindfey. Loughton., Line. E. it's healing virtue in fcrofulous cafes, hj of Sleatord. Lojghton. Devon/hire, near bathing; and. for jt's petrifying quality, Plympton. Loxvuk-Br'uige, Cumb. near wl'iich is not only found in ilu* water, but Coinltoii-Water. I O'vingion, Hair.pfliire, in the adjacent foil at a confiderable near Alresford. Lo'vington, Someif, be-r ditpth. tween Bruton and Somertcn. Lough Ramor, in Cavan, Ulfter. It Louisa, a fea-port of Nyland, on * is near Virginia^ about ^o miles from bay of theGulf of Fiiiland, bqUt in 174.5, LOU as a frontier town towards Ruflia. TIic houfes :ire all of wood, two llories high, and painted red. LouiSBURGH, a town of N. America, capital of the Illand ot Cf.pc Breton, fub- jetl to the Engllih. It iias an excellent harbour, near 4 lepgues in circumference, with a fine careening whai f to heave down. It's entrance is not above iSoo feer wide, formed by two fmall iflands. The piin- cipal trade of LouKburgh Is thecod -firti- ery ; the fi(h being remarkably plentiful, and, at the iame time, better than any about Newfoundland. Lat. 4.5. 54.. N, loji. 59. 48. W, Louisiana, a large country of North America, fituated on both fides of the Mifriflippi, and bounded on the E. by Florida and the United States ; on the S. by the Gulf of Mexico ; on the W. by New Mexico} and on tiie N. by Indian Naticrs. It is agreeably fituated between the extremes of heat and cold ^ it's cli- mate varying as it extends toward the N. Tile fouthc.n parts, lying within the reach ot tile vcticfhing breezes from the fea, are not fcorched like thole under the fame la- titude in Africa j and it's nortlurn regi- ons are colder tlian thofe in Euiope under the fame parallels, with a whoitfome, fe- rene air. From the favourablenei's of the climate, two annual crops of Indian corn, as well as rice, may be prodiictd j and the foil, wltli little cultivation, would furnifli grain of every kind in the greateft abund- ance. The timber is as fine as any in the world; and the quantities of live oak, a/h, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cypieis, and cedar, are altonifliing. The neigh- hourhood of the Miflilfippi, l»efides, fur- rlilics tlie richeil fruits in great variety; the i'oil is particularly adapted for hen;p, fiax, and tobacco; and indigo is at this time a Itaple commodity, which common- ly yields the planter three or four cuttings a year. Whatever is rich and rare in the niofl: defirable climates in Europe feems to be the fpontaneous produftion of this de- lightful country. It is interfered by a number of fine rivers, among which are the Natchitoches, and the Adayes, or Me-Nicano. in 1763, Louiliana was ced- ed to Spain. Louisville, a tovvn of N. America, in the flate of Kentucky, and county of JefTerfon. It is feated on the river Ohio, oppofite Clarklville, at the Falls, in a fer- tile country, and promlles to be a place (if great trade ; but it's unhealthinefs, owing to ffagnated waters at the back of the ;ovv|a, J)as hitherto rctardetl it's growth. LOU It Is 80 miles SW. of Lexington. Lat. 38. 3. N. Ion. 86. 30. W. LouTidy Eaji, Line, in Axholm Ifle. Lound-Hall, Nott. N. of Retford.' LouNG, Loch, an arm ot the fea, in Argyleflilre, 15 miles long and 1 wide, between Loch Fyne and Loch Lomond. Near it's NE. extremity is the dark, wild, and romantic Vale of Glencroy. Lourbottlet Northumberl. S. of Whit- tlnghant. LouRDE, a town in the dept. of Up- per Pyrenees, witli an ancient caltle, feat- ed on a rock, 10 miles from Baigneres. Louth, a county of Ireland, in ti)» province of Leinrter, 22 miles in length, and from g to 14 in breadth; bounded on the W. by Monagiian and Meath ; on the N. by Armagh and Carlingford-iJay ; oa the E. hy St. George's Channel ; and on the S. by Meath, fiom which it is parted by the river Buyne. It is the linalltft county in the kingdom, but very fertile and pleafaiu, and cont;iins 61 parifhes, 11,500 liouics, and about 57,750 inhabit- ants. It's chief towns are Dundalk, Car- lingford, Drogheda, Ardee, ami Dunleer. Louth, a town of Ireland, in the guil- ty of the fame name, 6 miles SW. of Dundalk. *LouTH,a tovvn of Lincolnfliire. It Is large and well built, containing about 4000 inhabitants. From hence ilieii; is a canal to the fea, at Tilncy, about 8 miles. It is a8 miles NE. of Lincoln, and 14S N. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Loutherjlo-vuti, in Fermanagh, Ulfter- LouvAiN, a large city of the late Au- ftnan Brabant, with a celebrated univer- fity. The walls of this place are nearly 7 miles in circumteicnce, but witliin them are a great many gardens and vineyards. The public buildings are magnificent, and the univeifity conlilts of fixty fmall col- leges. They formerly made large quan- tities of cloth, inlbmucli that ihcie were I 5,000 weavers ; but at prcfent their trade is greatly decayed, and the place is chiefiy remarkable for it's good beer, with which it ferves the neighbouring towns. It is feated on the river Dyle, 12 miles NNE. cfBruffels. Lat. 50,53. N. Ion, 4. 49. E, LouvESTEiN, a fortrefs in S. Holland, on an illand called the Bommel Waert, formed by the Waal and the Matll. In this caftle, the patriotic chiefs wi-re im- prilbned by prince Maurice, whence that party has ever fmce been called the Lou- veftein parry. Their principles are ftiong- iy republican, and, ui courfe, in dircA oppo. X O X oppol'ition to the ftadtholcler. Louveftcin ii 6 miles SE. of Gorcuni, and 16 E. of Dort. LouviERs, a hanclfcme town in the dcpt. ol Eiire, h^s a confideiable maniifac- tory ot fine cloths, and is feated on the Enre, in a fertile plain, 10 miles N. of EvnuN, 31!-^ 5? NW. ot Paris. Louvo, a confideiable town in the kingdonfi of Siam, with a palace, where the king paifes one part ot tiie year. It is very populous, and is feated in a plea- lant plain, 50 miles N. of the city of Siam. Loiviyer, Cumber!, near Kirkhaugh. Loivdham, Nof.ir.gh. between Notting- ham and S ithweli. LowDCRE, a celebrated catnraft of Cumberland, on the E. fide of the Lake of Dei wenr, in the Vale of Kcfwick. It is foimeti by the rufhmg of the waters of Watanlatii, through an awful chafm made by the contiguity of two vaft rocks j but entirely f.iils in a dry I'eafon. Lo^jjes Yorejl, No. thumb, in the SW. Lowes vVater, a lake of Cumber- land, alH^ ji a mile in length, and a quar- ter of a mile in breadth. It is a molt ro- mantic fpot ; the oppofite fliores being ri- vals in beauty of hanging-woods, little groves, and waving indofures, with farms feated in the fweeteft points of view. It is of no great depth, and without char ; but it abounds with pike and perch, and bas fome trout. It is 6 miles S. of Cock- Ci mouth. LOWESTOFF. See LesTOFF. Lo^ju-Greetiy Worcel. near Lmdridge. Loivick-Chapely Lancalh. N. of Ulverfton. Loijjick-Chapel, Northumb. between Wol- ler and Beiwick. Lowicz, a town of Rava, Poland. Lo'-julivorth, feven milts NW. ot Cam- bridge. Lo-xvlyn, Northun.b. between Lowick and Ber^iv ick, Lo^ivndt Line. N. of Stamford. Lo-zi'nd, SufF. nrar the coalf , between Yarmouth and LtlforY. Loivnf- borough, Yorkf. N. of Market- Wighton. Lo'ZL'orihy, Devonfh. near HouH'worthy. Lov:ran, in Carlow, Leinftir. Lonxjther, Weltmor!. on tlie river Loder, % miles from Peniith. Loivikorp, Yorkf. near Kilham. Loiulon, Lane, near Leigh. l^oz'.ye, Noi thuinberj. near Wollcr. LoxA, or LojA, a town of Granada, feated in a pleaUnt, f.-i tile Cv)imtry, on the rii'er Xenil, z6 miles W. ot Granada. Lo?:A,or LojA, a town and jurifdii5fion of Qiiito, S America, famous fur produc- ing tiu erce ; and tliere are few places wheic learning meets with lefs encouragement, and, conl'eqiiently, is ici's cukivateil. The bridges., which fkirt the town, round the etlge of the lake, are the fa{hionat>lc walk of tlic place, and remarkable lor their length. Being covered at the top, and open at the fidcs, they afford a conllnnt view of the beautitul and romantic coun- try. They are ilecorated with coarfe paintings, reprelenting the Hiftories ot the Hebrevvs, the Battles of the Swifs, and the D.^nce of death. Lvicern is 30 miles SW. of Zurich, and 35 E. of Bern. Lat. 47. 5. N. Ion. 8. 6. E. Luckrn,La.keof. SeeWALDSTAET- ter-See. LucERNA, a town of the Four Valleys, Piedmont. LucHEN, a town of Valencia, Lucia, St. an illand of tlic W. Itidles, S2 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. It ij partly hilly, and partly confifts of rich plnins, well watered with rivulets, and furnllhed with timber, having feveral good bays, and commodious harbours. In it are two high mouniains, by which this iiland may be known at a confiderable dif- tance. In 1779, it was taken by the Engiifh, but reftored to the French by the peace of 17S3. It has been again taken by the EngliOi in the prefent war, and Ifill remains in their pofTeflTion. It is about 70 miles NNW. of Barbadoes, and 5S S. of Martinico. Lat. 13. 25. N. Ion. 6d. 58. VV. Lucia, St. a Cape-de-Verd Ifland. LuciGNANO, a town of Tulcany, Litckjord, Dorfctf. W. of Holme, by the river Luckford, which falls into the Frome, and forms the W. boundaries of Puibeck Ifle. Luckbam, Dcvonf. in Uff- columb parifh. Luckington, Wilts, SW. ofMalmfbury. Z.;^ f»lver. LUG Th^re is an Inquifition here, but it does not affe6l the natives and the Mahomet- ans. Miniib, the capital, is in lat. 15. o. N. Ion. 12a. o. E. Lud'jrook, Dcvonfli. in tlie parifhes of Ermington and Modbury. Ludhurgh, Lin- coln!'. W. of SaUrieet. Lnddenham, Kent, two miles from Feveriham. Ludderton, Yoi-kf. NW. ot Sherborn. Liiddefdon, Kent, SE. of Halftetl. Luddington, Hunt- ingd. NW. of the Giddings. Luddington, Line, in Axholm Ille. Luddhigton^ North- amptonf. NE.of Thraplton. Luildington, Waiw. SW. of Suatford-iipon Avon. Luddington, Wiltfliire, S. of Hieihwoith. Luddington, Yorlcf. NW. of Halifax. LuDER, a town of Fulda, circle of Upper Rhine. Ludford, Heref. near Ludlow. Lud- ford. Line, near Market-Raifin. LUDGERSHALL, a fmalltown in Wilt- ftiire, 15 miles N. of Salllbury, and 64 S. by \W. of London, .Market dilufed. Ludgraves, Middl. luar Hadley. Lud- knm, Norfolk, between Accle and Hick- ling. Liidley, Suffex, W. of Pevenfty Marfh or Le'vd. *LuDLO\v, a large, well-built town of Shropihire, featedon the river Teind, near it's conflux with the Corve,.in a pleafanr, fruirful, and populous country. Arthur, prince of Wales, Ion of Henry VIL held a courtj and died here. It is 29 miles S. ot Shrevvfbury, and 138 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Ludjha?n, Sullex, near Marfhfield and Ciickfield. L'udjlon, Sluopl". 5 miles from Sridgenortli. LudixjelL Heits, N. of Hitchin. Ludivell, Wilts, near War- dour-Caftle. Lud-vcick-Hall, Herts, NE. ct Hatfield. Ludnvorth, Derbyf. in the H gh-Peak. Lud-iAjorth, E. of Durham. J.uffeniot, Dcvonf. near Houlfworthy. Luf- Jenhall, Herts, NE. of Stevenage. Luf- Jtnham, N. and S. Rutlandf. 4. miles from lippingham, Luffield, part in Bucks, and part in Nonhamptonrti. in Stow parish. Luffiijtck, Norihamptonl". NW.of Thrap- lton. Lug, a river in Heref. running in- to the Wye, near Hertford. Lug, a river rifing in Radnorfliire, and running S. through Hercfoidfture, pafles by Mon- mouth, and falls into the Severn, at Chep- ftow. Lugano, a town of Swiflcrhnd, capi- tal of a bailiwick of the fame name, which is the principal of the 4 tranfalpine baili- wicks. It is luiiit round a gentle curve of the Lake of Lugano, and is the emporium of the greateft part of the merchandife, which pafles from Italy over the St. Goih- ^idj or the Bcrnardia. It contains about L U N ?coo inhabitants. Mod of the houfes are built of tutstonc. The bailiwick is about 20 miles ill length and i 3 in breadth. It is governed by a bailiff, fent every z years by each canton in it's turn. Lugano is 17 miles NW. of C^omo. Lat. 45. 54. N, Ion. 8. 48. E. Lugano, a lake of Swifferland, on the Italian fide of the Alps. It is about 25 miles in length, and from two to four in breadth ; it's form irregular, and bendiug into continual finuofities. it is about J90 feet perpendicular higher than the lakes of Como and Locarno. Lugham, Cornw. near Mount's-Eay, Lughan, or Luggan, Cornw. among hillj, N. of Redruth. Lugo, a city of Gallcia, on the Min- ho, in which are warm medicinal Iprings. Lifgiuardine, near Hereford. Luke's, St. Sufi". NW. of Midhurft. LuLA, a ftaport of W. Bothnia. Luland If.e, Cornw. at the mouth of PadHow-Haven. LuUeJJ/ry, Worcef. a miles E.ofSukeley. Lu/lingjton, Kent, on the Deiwent. Lullington, Derbyf. SW. of Grefley Callle. Lullington, Somerl'. near Philips Norton. Lu//j, Hertf. SW. of Hitchin. Z?i//^', SW. of Worcef. Li:I- ix'orth, E. and IV. Dorfetf, between Wey- mouth and Corfe-Callle. Lidixortij St. Andre^jjs, Dorletf. a mile SE. of Lul- vvorth. Lul'Mortb Coue, Dorletf. is 1380 feet in diameter, and 21 feet in depth at low water, and admits vcflcls of 80 tons burden. Lumley Caflhe and Park, Durh. on the Wear, oppclite to Chelfer-le Street. Lund^, Yorkf. NW. of Beverley. Luud, Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Lund, the capital of Scania, with an univerfity. It is accounted the melt an- cient town in Sweden, contains fcarcely more than 800 houfes, and has but little trade. Here is an univerfity, founded by Charles XI. for 21 profrflbrs, and fur- nilhed with a good library. The number of ftudents is about 300. Here likewife a Royal Phyliographical Society was in- (fituted in 177(3, and incorporated by the king in 1778. The fubjedls treated of in it's Ac^s relate only to natural hiftory, chemiltry, and agriculture. The cathe- dral is an ancient, irregular building. It is 20 miles SSE. of Landfcrona, and 225 SW, of Stockholm. Lat. 55. 33. N. Ion. I 3. 26. £. LuNDEN, a town of Danifh Holftein. LuNDY, an ifiand in the mouth ot the Briffol Channel, near the middle, between Devonf. and Pembrokef. It is about 5 miles long and 2 broad, and encompalftd with inaccelTible rocks^ (o that it has but one L U R one emmnce, am! there fcai cely two per- fons tan go abreaft. In the N. part of it is a higli pyramidical rock» called the Con- Ibblc. Here are horlcs, kine, hogs and goats, with great ttore oi flieep anil rab- bits i but the chief commodity is fowl, with which it abounds much, their eggs being very thick on tiie ground at their leafon of breeding. It had once a fort and a chapel : at prefent the only inliabi- tains are a man and his family. Lune, a river in Weftm. and Durham. I.unc, a river in Weifm. and Lane. Lune fori'Jl, Yorkf. near Richmond. LuNEL, a town in the dept. of Gard, prodncing excellent mufcadine wine. It js 1 6 miles E. of Montpellier. LuNENBLTRG a duchy in the circle of Lower Saxony, which, including Zeil, is feparated from Holftein and Lawenburg on the N. by the river Elbe. It is about lOo miles in length, and join breadih. It is watered by the rivers AUer, Elbe, and Ilmenau y and part of it is full of heaths and foreits; but, near the rivers, pretty fertile. It abounds with wild boars, which the Geiman nobility come to hunt here for their diverfion, at certain feafons. It is fubjcft to the eleftor of Hanover. Lunenburg is the capital. Lunenburg, a large fortified town of Germany, capital of a duchy of the fame name. The chief public edifices arc the places for public woi^ip, the ducal pa- lace, three hofpitals, the town-houfe, the fait magazine, the anatomical theatre, and the academy. The falt-fprings near this place proiluce great quantities of fait, which bring in a large revenue to the fo- vereign, and chiefly employ the inhabi- tants. It contains about ijoohoufcs and 5000 inhabitants. It is leated on the nver Ilinenau, 31 miles SE. of Hamburg. Lat. 53. 16. N. Ion. 10. 31. E. LuNERA, a mountain ot Italy, be- tween Naples and Puzzoli. It contains a great deal of I'utphur and alum, and the Iprings that rile from it are accounted ex- cellent for curing various wounds. Lu NEVILLE, a town in the dept. of Meurthe, leated on the river Mcurthc, \i. miles SE, of Nanci. LungJrUge, Northumb. near Tweed- mouth. Lur.gfordf Hampf. S. of Win- chefter. Luntley^ Heref. S. of Pembridge. Lunton, Yoikf. on the Tees. LuPO Glavo, a town of Iftria. Luppiat, Upper and Nether, Gloucef. rear Stroud. Luppit, or Lo'vepit, Devonl". Lupton, Devonl". in Brixham parifh. Lup- ton, VVdtm. near Kirby Lonfdale. Lur- taule, Northumb. SVV, of" Alnwick. L U T Lure, a town in the dept. of Upper Saone, and a town in the depr. of Ailier. •LuRCAN, a town in Armagh, Ulfter» fituated about two miles from Lough Neagh, of which it commands a beautiful and cxtenlive piolpefl. The linen manu- fafturc is carried on extenfively, and the coimtiy around is much improved. It is 67 miles N. of Dublin. Lurganbuy, Leitrim, Connaught. *LuRGAN Green, a town in Louth, Leiniter, 37 miles from Dublin. LurgerJhaU, Suff. near Blackdown Bea- con. LuRi, a town of Corfica, W. of Baftia. LusATiA, a marquilate of Germany, 80 miles long and 40 wide, bounded on the N, by Brandenburg; on the E. by Si- lefia ; on the S. by Bohemia ; and on the W. by MeiflTen. It is divided into the Upper and Lower, and is fubjeft partly to the King of Pruflia, and partly to the Eleftor of Saxony. Lujby, Line. NW. of Spllfby. Lujh- comb, Devonftiire, in Rattery parifti. LusiGNAN, a town in the depart, of Vienne, iz miles SW. of Poitiers, and 200 SW. of Paris. Lv/k, in Dublin, Leinfter. Luso, a river of Italy, which rifes in the duchy of Urbino, and falls into the Adriatic, 10 miles W. of Rimini, Lujieleigh, Devonf. near Bovy-Tracy. Lujion, Heref, NW. of Leominfter. Luf- ton, Somerf. 2 miles from Yeovil. LUTENBURG, two towns of Stifla, Luth'mgland, Suffolk, ntar Leoftoff. LuTKENBURG, a town of Holftein, near the Baltic, 10 miles from Ploen. •Luton, a town in Bedfordfhire, ce- lebrated for it's manufaftures in ftraw. It is 18 miles S. of Bedford, and 31 N, by W. of London. Market on Monday. LuTSCHlNEN, a river of the baiiiwic of Interlacken, and canton of Btrn, in SwifTerland. The road to Zwey-Lut- fchinen and Lauterburnen is over this ri- ver, by a kind of bridge, which, to a ftrangcr to the country, prefents the moft terrific appearance. It is fufpended over a roaring torrent, and fixed againlt the fides of rocks ; while a huge, vertical ftone, raifed in the middle of the river, fupports fome thick planks, fo badly join- ed, as to be neither tleady nor folid ; and thefe form a wretched, infecure bridge, over which the inhabitants of the country daily pafs, with a firm Hep and tindaunted eye j a palfage, which the traveller, unac- curtomed to fuch ftrange communications, would tremble to attempt, LUTTER, a town of Brunfwick, Lower Saxony ; L Y D Saxony; alfo a river of Weftphalia; and a river of Lower Saxony. •Lutterworth, a town of Leicef- terfhire, I'eated on the river Swift, in a fer- tile Ibil, 14 miles S. of Leicefter, and 88 NNVV. of [,ondon. Market on Thurlil^y. Lutton, Dorietf. in Steeple parilh, Pur- beck. Ifle. Z«//oa, Northamptonfhiri:, SE. of Oiiiidle. Lutton, E. and IV, Yorkftiire, E. of Malton. Luttonborn, Lincolnlhirc, near Holbeach. Lmtrell-i Tonxin, in Dublin, Leinfter, a romantic I'pot near Lucan. LuTZEN, a town of Merfburg, Upper Saxony. LUTZENSTEis, a town in the dept. of Lower Rhine, 30 miles N W. of Stralburg, Luxborough, Somcrfcti". near Dunfter. Luxemburg, a coniiderable town of the Netherlands, capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is divided by the river Alfitz into the upper and lower towns ; the former, almuft quite lurroundcd with rocks, but the lower feated on a plain. It is 15 miles S W. of Treves. Lat. 4.9. 37. N. Ion. 6. 17. E. Luxemburg, the Duchy of, one of the 17 provinces of the Netherlands, lies in the centre of the Foreft of Aiden- ncs, W. of the eleftorate of Treves. In fome places it is covered with mountains and woods, but it is in general fertile in corn and wine 5 and here are a great num- ber of iron mines and foundei ies. By the peace of the Pyrenees, France obtained the diftrifts and towns of Thionville, Montmedy, Marville, Chcvancy, Carig- nan, and Damvilliers j and during the prefent war, the whole has fubmitted to the French republic. The principal rivers are tlie Mofelie, the Lafs, the Ourte, and the Semoy. LuxEuiL, a town In the dept. of Up- per S.ione, 15 miles NE. of Veloul. Luxford Lake, Dorfetf. the arm of the Tea, which encompalfes Pool. Luxton, Somerfeif. between Axbridge and Upliili. Luxulian. Cornwall, W. of Leftwitliiel. LuzzARA, a town of Mantua. 'Lv7.'z.i, a town of Calabria Citra. Lycham, or Lytcham, a town of Norfolk, between E. Dereham and Caftle Rifmg. It is 92, miles NNE. of Loudon. Market di ill fed. Lydd. See LiDD. Lyddajn, Shropf. N. of Bilhop's-Caftle. Lydden, Kent, SE. of Barliam Downs. Lydiate, Lane. SW. of Onnlkirk. Lyd- dingtott, and it's Park, Rutl. between Up- pingham and Rockingham. Lyddon, a river in Dorfetfhire. Lydftng^ Kent, near Gravelend. Lye^ Giouc. NVV. of Chel* L Y N tenham. Lye^ near Worcefter, S. of the Teme. Lye, Suny, near Ryegate. Lye^ N. and S. OxfoidOiire, near Witney. Lye- boufe, Sulfex, nc.r Bolney. Lyesse, a town in the department of the North, 15 inilei E. of Landrecy. Lyfden, Northampn^nf. SW. of Oundle. Lyjord, Berks, near War.tage. Lygh^ Hants, on the borders of SulTeX. Lykam, Nortiiumberl. NE. of Woller. Lyi'>orn, Northamp. NE. of Hiimerton, near Dov/ Bridge. Lylejhill, Shropfhire, S. of New- port. Lymbergh, Great and Little, Lin- colnflilre, W. ot Grea} fettlement of the Englifli Eaft India Company on the E. fide of the pe- ninfula, and is a fortrel's of very great ex- tent, including within it a regular well- built city. It is clofe on the margin of the fea, from which it has a rich and beau- lilul appearance 5 the houfcs' being cover- ed with a Itucco called chunam, which in itfelf is iftarly as compaft as the fineft marble, and, as it be^rs as high a pollfh, is equally IplenJ'id with that elegant ma- terial MAD tprial. They confift of long colonnades, with open porticots, and fiat roofs j and they may be confidered as eles:ant, parti- cularly i'o, from being finifhed with I'uch a beautiful material as the chunam ; and the city contains many handiome and fpa- cious ftreets. But the inner apartments of the houfes are not highly decorated, prefeniing to the eye only white walls ; which, however, from the marble- like ap- pearance of the ftucco, give a frefhnels grateful in fo hot a country. Ceilings are very uncommon in the rooms. Indeed it Is impofni)lc to find any which will re- fift the ravages of that deftruftive infc(5f, the white anr. Thefe animals are chiefly formidable from the immenfity of tlieir numbers, which are fuch as to delhoy, in one night's time, a ceiling of any (iimeh- fions. It is the wood work which lerves for the bafis of the ceilings, fuch as the laths, beams, Sec. that thefe infeft'' attack. ♦' The approach to Madras, from the fea," fays Mr. H dges, " of?ers to the eye an ap- pearance fiiiiilar to what we may conceive of a Grecian city in the age of Alexander. The clear, blue, cloudlefs iky, the polidi- ed white buildings, the bright Tandy beach, and tiie dark green fea, prefent a combina- tion totally new to the eye of an Englifh- man, juft arrived from London, who, ac- cuftomed to the fight of rolling maffes of clouds floating in a damp atmolphere, can- not but contemplate the difference with de- light: and the eye being thus gratified, the mind affumes a gay and tranquil ha- bit, analogous to the pleafing objects with which it is furrounded. Some time be- fore the (hip arrives at her anchoring ground, fhe is hailed by the boats of the country, filled with people of bufinefs, who come in crowds on board. This is the moment in which an European feels the great diftinftion between Afia and -his own 'country. The ruftling of fine linen, and the general hum of imul'ual converfa- tion, prefcnts to his mind for a moment tile idea of an aficmbly of females. When he afcends upon the deck, he is ftruck with the long nuiflin drelfe'5, and black faces adorned with very large gold ear- lings and white turbans. The firft falu- fation he receives from thefe ftrangers is, by bending their bodies very low, touch- ing the deck with the back of the hand, and the forehead three times. The na- tives firft lean in India by an European voyager, are Hindoos, the original inha- bitants of the peninl'ula. In this part of India they are delicately framed ; their kands, in particular, are more like thofe of tender females ; and do not appear to MA D be, what Is confidered a proper proportion to the reft of the perfon, which is ufually above the middle fize. Correlpondent to this delicacy of appearance are their man- ners ; mild, tranquil, and fcduloully at- tentive: in this laft refpeft they are in- deed remarkable, as they never interrupt any perfon who is fpeaking, but wait pa- ti^Encly till he has concluded j and then anlwer with the molt perfeft refpeft and compofure. From the fhip a ftranger is conveyed on (hore in a boat of the coun- try, called a Mafibolah boat ; a work of cuiious conftruclion, and well calculated to elude the violent fliocks of the furf, that breaks here with great violence; they are formed without a keel, flat bottomed, with the fides iai(l-d high, and fewed to- gether with the fibres of the cocoa-nut tree, and caulked with the fame materials they arc remarkably light, and are ma- naged with great dexterity by the natives ; they are ufually attended by two kattama- rans; (laits, paddled by one man each, the intention of which is, th??t, fliould the boat be overfet by the violence of the furf, the perfons in it may be preferved. The boat is driven, as the failors fay, high and dry; and the pafTengers are landed on a fine lan(iy beacii, and immediately enter the fort of Madras. The appearance of the natives is exceedingly varied ; feme are wholly naked, and others fo clothed, that nothing but the face and neck are to be difcovered : befide this, the European is ftruck with many other objefls, fuch as women carried on men's flioulders on pa- lankeens, and men riding on horfeback^ clothed in linen dreffes like women ; which, with the very different face of the coun- try from ail he had ever feen, or conceiv- ed of, excite the ftrangelt emotions of fur- prife!" There is a fecond city, called the Black Tovn, nearly 4 miles in circuit, feparated from Madras by the breadth of a proper eip'anade only. Madras, in com- mon with all the European fettlements on this coalt, has no port for fhipping ; the coaft forming nearly a ftraight line; and it is incommoded alio with a high and dangen.us furi. The citadel here, whicU was planned by Mr. Rubins, and is fitu- ated in the middle of the White, or En?- lilli Town, is one ot the bell fortiefles in pofTclfion of the Briiifh nation. The town is alio encompailcd with a ftrong wall, of the fame (lone with wliich the citadel is built, defended by batteries, baffions, half- moons, and flankers ; the whole mounted with upwards of 200 pieces of cannon and mortars. Oppofue the weft gate of the citadel arebaJVacks, and a convenient hof- C c a pital MAD jutal for" tlie company's loldicrs, and at the other end oi the ban:icks is a mint, wluTc the company coin gold and lilver. Madias was tiril i'etilcd by the Englifli, in 164.0, and greatly enlarged in tlic rtign of Charles II. it was taken by theFKiuh in 174.6, but reftored by the treaty of Aix li-Chapelle. Lat. 13. 5. N. Ion. 80. 25. E. M.'VDRE DE POPA, a town and convent of S. America, in Terra Firnta, feated on the river Grande, 50 miles E. of Cartha- gena. It is ahnoft as nnicli refortul to by pilgrims of America, as Loretto is in Europe; and they pretend that the image of Mary, the mother of Jefus, has done a great many miracles in favour of the fleets and feafaring people. Madresfeld, Worcefterfhire, N. of Mal- Vern-Chace. M.^DRiD, the capital of Spain, in New Caftile. It was formerly an oblcure place, belonging to the archblHiop at Toledo, but the pmity of the air engaged Charles V. r\nd his fuccelTors, to chul'c it for their lefidence. It is feated in a l*rge plain, I'vuTounded by high mountains, but has no wall, rampait, or ditch. The houles are all built with brick, and the ftreets are long, broad, and ftraight, and adorned at proper diftancss witii liandlbmc foimtains. There arc above 100 towers or Iteeples, in different places, which contribute greatly to the embellifhment of the city. The loyal palace is built on an eminence, at the extremity of the city. The fined fcjuare in Madrid is the Placa Mayor, which is furroiinded with 136 houl'es, five Tories high, and of an equal height, y.V'Ty ftage is adorned with a handibme talcony, and the fronts are fupported by columns, forming a piazza round theiquarc. lieie the market is held, and here they Ir.ul rheir famous bull-fights. Howtver, it ;•; obfervablc, that the veiy fineft houl'es have no glal's-windows, they being only lattices-. The Prado, which is the public airing place, is ftiaded with regular ro\vs of poplar trees, and is watered with 23 fountains. Here t^ie ftately- Spaniards make the molt brilliant dil'play of their fmcry. Philip II. built a large and mag- nificent bridge over the river, which river being exceedingly fmall, has occalioned a great many jokes. The city of Madrid contains 15 gates, 18 pariflies, 35 con- vents of monks, and 31 of tly all Germany with that commo- dity. M^GDELANA, a large river of S. Ame- rica, which riles under the equator, and running N. through Terra-Firma, unites wuh the Cance, is then calltd Rio Grande, and falls into the Atlantic Ojcean, below Wadre de Popa. Magdalen A, a river in Louifiana. Magee, an illand on the coall of An. trim, Ullter, 6 miles long :^nd 2 broad, iituated N. of Carrickfeigus-B:iy. Magellan, a famous Itrait of South America, difcovered in i jzo by Ferdinnn- cio Magellan, a Portiiguele in the lervice of Spain. It has many lafe harbours in it, v'ith narrow entrances, (liehercd ciofely on all fides by high mountains. The inhabit- ants on each luieareot a copper colour,wlth long black hair like the rell of the native Americans. On their heads they have caps of the Ikins of fowls, with the feathers on, and on their feet they tie pieces of Ikins. The Spaniards call the country to the N. of t!ie Strait, Tierrr. Mageilanica, and reckon it a part of Ciiili. They had a tort and gariifon upon this ftiait, but the men all perilhed through cold and want of provifiors. Magejjan, Dorfetf. near Gillingham. Maggia. Ste Madia. Maggiore, or Locarno, a lake in Italy, about 46 miles long and 6 or 8 broad, lying between the Swifs bailiwicks and the Milantfe. Maghtn, Mimmouthf. W. ot Newport. Maghera, in Derry, UUler, 92 miles from Dublin. Maghira, in Down, Ul- ster. Maj/.'iracr^egiin, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Mughtratin. in Armagh, Uliter, pleafant- ly iituattd on the river Lagan; there are fciveral bleach-yards antl manufaftoiies about it. Magkeredroll-, i. c. 'The Field of Difficulties '^ a name given to the coimtry about BalJinshinch, in Down, Uiftcr, on account cf it's hdng iuil of JOCks end M A H Magheries Bay, in Kerry, Munfter, between Brandon- Head and the M^tgheries Iflands, or Sevtrri Hogf. ]t is a dangerous pl.irc, being lull (;f hinken rocks, and ex- p< fed to frequent fqualls frum the moun- tains. MaghereUn, or Maralin, in Down, Ul- ftti . The lintn manufacture i» carried on extcniivcly htrt . Ma;kere'voly, in Fer- managh, UUter. Mcighery, m Armagh, Uiftcr. Maghcrtbcg, in Ki-rry, Mnnltcr. Maghreinore, in Donegal, Ulfter. Magil- la, in Coik, Ivhiiifter. Magillagan-Pctntf a cape in Deny, Ulller. ^iAGLIA^'0, a town of the pope's ter- ritoiies, in Sabina, 28 miles N. oi^Rome. Magna vacca, a fort in the Ferra- rei'e. Magnesia, a town of Naiolia, feated on the Sarabat, 22 miles above the city of Smyrna. It was formerly the feat of the Ottoman empire, and is ftiii large, popu- lous, and rich. Lut. 38. 50. N- Ion. 27. 25. E. NL\GNy, a town in the dept. of Seine and Oifc ; and a town in the depart, of Nievie. '' Magor, Monm. SW. ofCaldicot. Magra, a liver of Italy, which rifes in the Apennine Mountains, in the Valley ot Magra, and falls into the Mediterra- nean, 5 miles S, ot Sarzana, in the terri- tory ot Genoa. Maguelone, a lake in the dept. of Herault, near a town of the lame name, leatcd on the coalt ot the Mediterranean. Magunihy, in Kerry, Munfter. Ma^ guire's Bridge, in Feimanagh, Ulfter. Mahaleu, a town of F-gypi, capital of Garbia, trading in linen, cottons, and fal-ammoniac ; the inhabitants have ovens here to hatch chickens, as in other paits of this country. Lat. 31. 50. N. Jon, 30. 31. N. Makallagh, in Cork, Mtmfter, on the Lte, 5 miles E. of Macroomp. Mahanada, a river of Hlndooftan, whicii rifes in Berar, croffes the country of Orifta, and falls, by feveral mouths, into the Bay of Bengal, 40 miles ESE. of Cattack. Mabon Ri-ver, in Waterford, Munftef, M.'^HRATTAS, the name of two large ftatt'S of India, which derive their nam^ from Marhat, an ancient province of the Dcccan. They are called the Poonah, or Weliern Mahratias ; and the Bciar, or Eallern, Collectively, they occupy all the fouthern part of Hindooftan Proper, with a large proportion of the Deccan. Malwa, Candcifl), Vifiapour, and part of Orifla ; the principal parts of Berar, Guzerat, and Aginieiei Ivl A I Agimerei and a fmall part of Dowlata- bad, Agra, and AUaha-bad, are com.priied within their extenlive empire, which ex- tends nearly from fea to lea, aciofs the wid- elt p:iit of the peninl'ula ; and from the confines of Agra northward t» the river Kiftna fouthward ; forming a tra(51 of about 1000 miles long and 700 broad. The weftcrn (late, the capital of which is Poonah, is divided among a number of chiefs, or piinces, whole obedience to the paiftwah, or head, like iha; of (he German princes to the emperor, is merely nomi- nal at any time; and, in Ibme caiiis, an oppofition of interefls bege:s wars, not only between ihe members of the empire the'i lel'/ps, but alio between the members and tlie head. Nagpour is the capital of the eaflern Malirattas. Both thefe Itates, with the Nizam of the Deccan, were in alliance with the Englifh E;ili India Com- pany, in the late war againlt Tippoo Sul- tan, hoin whole territories, on the termi- nation of the war, they gained lome con- siderable acquifitions. MaiJen- Bradley, Wilts, 5 miles from Frome and VVarniinlter. Maidtn Crofs., Herts, near Hitcbin. *Maidenhead, a town of Berkfliire, leated on the river Thames, on the great weftern road, carrying on a great trade in malt, meal, and timber, in their barges to London. It is iz miles E. by N. of Heading, and 26 W. of London. Mar- ket on Wednefday. Maiden-Heath, Lane, near Blackburn. Maides Newton, a town of Dor- fetf. 3 miles NW. of Frampton. Mar- ket dil'ufed. Maiden-Oak, SiifTex, near the road from i^etersfield to Lontlon. Maidens, or IVkillans, rocks To called between the mouths of L irne and Glencirm IJiys, in Down, Ullter. Maidford, Northamp, NW. of Tow- cefter. MaidhurJI, Suffex, NW. of Arun- del. MaidI'morton, N. of Buckingham. * Maidstone, a borough ot Kent, feated on the river Med way, a branch of V/hich runs through the town. It is a large and populous place, with a jail and county-hall. In the ancient Britons' time, k was reckoned their third chief city, having been a ftation of the Romans, ^y means of the Medway, it enjoys a brilk trade iu exporting the commodities of ♦he county, particularly hops, of which there are numerous plantations around it, as well as or<:hard« of .cherries. litre are tkewife Ibme capital paper-mills, and a Kianufa6\ory of linen tliread, originally wtfoiuced by the Flemings* The tidi; MIA flqws quite up to the town, and brings up bargts of 50 or 60 tons. It is 20 miles W. of Cmt^rbury, and 35 SE. by E. of London^ Lat. 51. i-6. N. Ion. o. 38. E. Market on Thuriday, and another market on the fecond Tuefday in every month. Maid-zveM, Line, near Burwell. Maid' berg, Wirtzberg, Aichal"- fcnburg, Hanau, and Francfort- Maine, or M^yenne, a department of PVance. It takes it's name from tiie river Mayenne, which joins the Sarte near Angers, and foon after fails into the Loire. Laval is the capital. Maine and Loirk, a department of France, io called from the junif ion of the two rivers of the fame name. Anders is the capital. ■ Mainland, Orkney, or Pomona, the principal of the Orkney Iflands, is r^ miles long and j broad. The general appearance of the country is not very dif- ferent from the Mainland of Shetland. C c ^ The M A J The foil, Viowtver, is more fertile, and, in fon»c parts, btttcr cultivated. Kukwall is the ca))ii3l. Sec Orcapes. M \INLAND, the principal of the Slift- land Illts, is 60 milts long from N. to S. ; it's breadth, which varies gieatly, reUlom trxcfeds 6 milts. The iare of the country exhibits a profpccSt of black, craggy moun- tains, anJ marfliy plains, interlpnled with fome verdant fpots, which appear imooih and fi-rtik-. Neither tree nor Ihruh is to be leen, except the juniper and the heath. The mountains abound with various kinds of game. Lolty cliffs, impendmg over the ocean, are the haunts of eagles, falcons, and ravens. The deep caverns underneath fhelter ftals and otters ; and to the wind- jng bays relbrt the fwans, geefe, fcarfs, and otlur aquatic birds. The feas abound with filh, fuch as the cod, turbot, and had- dock j but, particularly, at certain fea- fons, witli (hoals of herrings of incredible extent; and they are vifited, at the fame time, by whak-s, and other voracious iiflics. Loblters, oyfters, mufcles, &c. are ulfo plentitul. The hills are covered with iheep of a fniall breed, and cf a fbaggv appearance; but their fleect; is couuuonly very fott, and often extiemely fine. Fiom their wool, ftockings of fuch A tine texture have been made, that, ai- tluiugU of a large fize, a pair was capable of paiFrng through a common gold ring. Their horfes are cf a diminutive fize, but M A L temperate and wholefomc, but tlic cxcef- five heat frequently occaGons a fcarcity. It has no confiderable rivers, though there aie a great many fine fountains and wells, and fcveral good harbours. The inhabit- ants are robuft, lively, and good failors. The capital, Ma JO RCA, anciently Palm A, is a larga and rich town, fituatcd in a bay on the SW. coaft of the ifland, with a good har- bour. It has large and broad ftrcets, fpa- cious fquares, ftately ftonehoufes, built in the amique manner, and 2a churches, be- fides chapels and oratories. The inhabit- ants are about 10,000. The univerfiiy is more ancient than celebrated. Lat. 39. 34. N. Ion. 2. 25. E. Maire, Le, a ftraitof S. America, ly- ing between Statcn Land and Tcira del ■ Fuego, ib called from the navigator, who difcovered it in 1616. Lat. 55. o. S. Maize Hill, Kent, in Ealt Greenwich. Maifmorf, near Gloucefter. Maixant, St. a town in the dept- of the Two Sevres, trading in corn, (dock- ings, and woollen (fuffs. It is 26 miles SW. of Poitiers, and 215 SW. of Paris. Malely, Derb. E. of Uttoxeter. Make- ney, N. of Derby. Maker, Dcvonf. above Hamoaze, on a hill between Mount Edge- comb and Ram-Head. Makejiock-Caflle, Warw. E. ol Coilhill. Makran. See Mackeran. Malabar, the name of the weftern remarkably llrong and handfome, and are coafi of the peninfula of Hmdoolbn, from well known by the name of Shelties, from the name of the country. Many rivulets, and coniiderahie lakes, abound with fal- mon, trout. Sec. A mine of copper, and another ot iron, have lately been opened near the S. extrennty of this ifland. They are in '.he hands of the Anglefcy Company, and are faid to be extremely productive. There is an inexhaullible (tore of peat, but no coal. Lerwick is the capital. Cape Comorin to about too mites S. of Goa. Malacca, a Urge peninfula in Afia, bounded on the N. by Siairi; and on all o:her fides by the ocean : about 500 miles in length, and from 60 to 150 in breadth. It ptodv.ces few commodities for trade, except tin and elephants' teeth ; but there are a grtat many excellent fruits and roots, which yield good refreftiment for (Grangers Maiiilaiv, Norlhumb. in the barony of that call here. The pine-apple is the belt Wark. Main Little, or Frier, Doiietfh, in the world, and the m.anjortain is a deli- Maifis, Lancaf. in AmounJtrmfs. cious fruit, in the fliape of an apple, Mainteson, a town in the dept. of whofe (kin is thick and red. The ram- Eure and Loire, feated on t,he river Eure, boltan is of the fize of a walnut, with a 7 miles N. of Chartres. very agreeable pulp; and the durian, Mainungen, a town of Htnneburg, though it has not a pleafant fmell, yet. Franconia. has a very delicious tafte. They have Majorca, an ifland belonging to plenty of cocoa-nuts, and their ftiells voill Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea, between hold an Engliih quart ; bcfide lemons. Ivica and Minorca, about 50 miles in length and 35 in breadth. It is moun- tainous in the N. and W. parts, but fer- tile, producing corn, oil, honey, fafTron, cattle, fifli, rabbits, partridges, deer, wild fowl, horlbs, ic. The whole ifland oranges, limes, fugar- canes, and man- goes. Thtre is btit little corn, and flieepi and bullocks are ("carce; but pork, poul- try, and fifii are pretty plentiful. The re- ligion of the natives is a mixture of Ma- hometanifm. Their language is peculiar- 35 cncompaAed with vyatcli toweri. it i* ly foft, aj^d is as common iu the Indies as . . the M A L the Fiench is in Europe. The interior in- habitants Ifave abandoned themfelves, with delperation, to the moft ferocious habits, taking delight in doing milchiet to their neigliboiirs. The Dutch have been inaflers ot the town of Malacca, litiiared on the SW. coalf, fince 164.0, when they took it from the Portiigiiefo» after a fix moiirhs /ieg^'. During the prefent war, it has been attacked and taken by the Englifh, and is now in their pofTefiion. Lat. z. 11. N. Ion. Toi. 1 1. E. %\.\L.\ccA, SsRAiT OF, the narrow fea between the Kland of Sumatra and t'lie SW. coaft of Malacca. Miiladar, Cornwall, N. of Grampoun 1. Malaga, a couiiderable fea-port of Granada, with a good harbour. The in- habitants export to the annount of two millions and a half of piaftres, in wines, fruits, fumach, pickled anchovie. . oil, &c. and only import to about one mi i :-r\ and a halfj Malaga, however, has little navigation of it's own, the ftiips which arrive there being chitfly Engiilh and Dutch. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 15 miles S. of Caidova, and 235 S. of Madritt. Lat. 36. 44. N. Ion. 4.. 25. W. MalaHIDE, a town and bay ot Dublin, 6 miles from the metropolis. A cotton nianufafture is eftabliflied here, and the woiks are carried on by water. MALAMOCO,a fmall ifland and fea-port of Itily, in the Lagunes of Venice, 5 miles S- o? tha*; citv. Malatiah, a town of Aladulia, in Tuikf-y in Afia. Malhorough, Devon f. on the coaft, be- tween Salcoirib and Hope Key. MaUh- <2«?^r, Hants, SE. of Kmgfclere. Malchi.n', a town of Mecklenburg, Lowrr Sixony. Mahhnxjay, a river In RadnoiT. Mai- den, Kent, in Sheppey Ille. Maiden, bur- ry, 5 miles from Kinglton. Maldkn, a town of ElTex, the firft Rom^n colony in Britain, and the feat of fome of the old Biitilfi kings, fituated near the confluence of the Chelraer with the Biackwater. Vtffels of 4.00 ton^ burden come up to the haven to iniload. Maiden carries on a conliderable trade in corn, coals, iron, wine, brandy, rum, and deals. It is 10 miles E. of Chelmsford, and 37 NE. of London. Market on Saturday. Maiden-Jenkins, Elfcx, two miles from Maiden. Maldive Islands, aclufter of iflands, faid to be 1000 in number, SW. of Cape Comorin, in the Indian Sea. The north- finmoft is in lat. 7. 5. N. Ion. 73, 4.. E. The are moltiy fmall, and uniraiabittd. M A L The inhabitants are a mixture of AraSs, and Indians uf Malaba*.-. They fupply veffel- with fails and cordage, cocoa-nuts, oil, honey, tortoife-ilitJl, and, elpecially, cowries. Malesherbe-s, a town in the dept. of the Loiret. MrtLEsTROiT, a town in the dept. of Morhihan. Mcdeixiry-, Yorkf. S. of Boroughbridgc- Malham, Yorkfliire. Malin, in Donegal, Ulfter. Malines. See Mechlin. . Malio, or St Asgelo, a cape or the M'lrea, 50 nules SE. of Milltra. Mallerjlang-Foreji , Weltmoi land. Mallicollo, one of the largeft of the Hebrides, in the S. Sea, lying in 16. deg. 15. min. S. lat. and 167. dcg. 45. min. E. Ion. It is about 18 leagues long, and from 5 to 7 wide. It's inland moiuitains are high, and clad with forerts. The toil is a ricii and fertile mould. l;'s vegetable productions are luxuriant, and in great variety ; cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, bananas, fugar-canes, yams, eddoes, turmeric, and oranges. Ho;s^, and common poultry, are their domeltic animals. They had no dogs, forwiiich rtalbn. Captain Cook left them a dog and a bitch. The inhabitants, in their form, language, and manners, arc widely different from thofe of the Friendly and Society lAands. They correi'pond in many particulars with the natives of New CTuinea and Papua, particularlv in their black colour and woolly hair. Both men and women are ugly ; and the latter paint their heads, factrs, and (houlders red. They are of a (lender make, have lively foaturts, and tie a rope fo fart round their belly, that the fliape of thtir bodies re- fcmbles that ot an overgrown pilmire. The climate of Mallicollo is very warm, and the inhabitants feel little Inconveni- ence in going almoft naked, either from heat or cold. Their keeping their bodies entirely free from punftures, is one par- ticular, that remarkably dlftinguiflies them from the other tribes of the S. Sea. Malling, West, a town of Kent, feated near Compherft-Wood. It is 6 miles W. of Maidftone, and 50 E. by S« of London. This parirti was anciently taxtd to contribute, towards the repair of the third arch, or pier, of Rochefter- Bridge. Muket on Saturday. * Mallow, a confiderable town of Coik, in Munfter. Here is a fine fpring of niodciately tepid water, refcmbling ii) it's qualities the hot- well waters ot Bnltoi. It is feated on the river Biackwater, 14. miles N. of Cotk. Malloc'kSy M A L Malhckt, or Ma.tocks, Herts, on the :ivcr A;h, near Hunulon. MALMEoy, a lown of Liegf. Malmistp-a, a lowH and river of Na- tolia. Malmo, a fea-port of Sweden, In Sca- Jlia, icatal on tlic Sound. Malmsbury, an ancient town in Wiltftiire, pleafanily fcated on the river Avon, wliich almolt lujiounds it, and over which it has fix bridges. Ir was lon|r famous for it's abbey, which orCtc-ded ail the county in revenues and honour. Tliis town drives a confidcrahlK trade-in tlic woollen rnanufa^lory. King Atheiltan waj burled under the high altar of the cliiirch, and his nionumeitt ftili remains in the nave of it. It is z6 miles E. bv N. oi Biiilol, and 95 W. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Mal-neto::, Line. N. cf Kirton, in Lind- fey . Malmjboyay Weltm. i;W. of Applirby. Malo, St. a fe;i-purt in the dcpt. of Ille and Vihune, It is leated on an iliand, xiniced to the main land by a cauleway j lias a large, well-frequented harbour, but ilifficult ot acccl'j, on accouut of the rocks that lurround it; and is a rich, trading place, defended by a citadel. It is 205 miles NW. of Paris. Lat. 48. ;J9. N. ion. I. 57. W. Malor.^, a town of Genoa. Malpartido, a town of Spanifh Ef- trunuidura, 24 miles SSW. of Placentia. Malpas, a t(swn of Chefhire, leated on a high eminence, near the river Dee. It contains three ftreets, an hofpitai, and a gramniar-l'chool, and the benefice is rich enough to lupport two reftors, who ofKciate alternate ly. It is 15 miles SE. of Cheller, and j66 NW. of London. Market on Monday. MalpertOK, Dorletf. near Charborough. Malplac^^eT, a village of the late Aulhian Hainault, famous for a dearly- jiurchafcd vi.5lory, gained, in 1709, by the allies under tlie Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, over the French, com- manded by the ^.larfiials Villars and JBouf- riers. Tlie confederates took 4.0 colours and ftandards, 16 pieces of artillery, ami a good number of prtfoner*. ' Malta, an ii];>nd ot the Mediterra.- nean, betwtcn Afj ica and Sicily, 2.0 miles in length, .jnd 12. in it's greatelt breadth. It wu anciently little clfe than a barren rock i but fuch quantities of foil have bt£n brcjiiht from At'nca, that it is now be- come fertile. It has excellent vines, le- mons, iruits, cotton, plenty of honey, ^fod psfiuies, c*-nu(ien.ble 'fjfhcries, fra .'a:-, tti.d a prc.ntabit co;ra] fifliery. How- M A L ever, tliey fow but little corn, becaufe they C2n purchafe it cheap in Sicily. The num- ber of the inhabiunts is illima'ed at 60,000, who fpcak a corrupt Arabic, and» in 'hetuwnc, kalian. Attcr the taking of R!io les, ilic emperor Charles V. gave this iilaiid to the knights of St. John of Jeru- iaic.T). It wa'.- attacked by the Turk^ in Jj66, wl-^o, after many dreadful aifaults, were oI>li;^ed io abandon the entcrprile, witii the iofs of 30,000 men. 1'he whole ifland is extremely well I'ortified. The knights of Malta fcrraeriy coniilied of % ' nations ; but they ha:ve long been only feven, becaufe the Eriglifh have forfakea tlicm. They are oliiiged to lupprcfs all pirates, are at perperual war with the forks and other Mahometans, and cre ali wuder a vow of celibacy and challity. It is about 60 miles SSW. of Cape Pafiaro, in S'cily. Malta, or Civita Vecchia, a ftrungly fortified town jof the Jfland of Malta, featedon a hill in the cemre of .iie idand. It is the liie of a bifliop, and con- tains feveral churches and convents, be- fides the cathedral, which is large and handfome. Near it are the catacombs, which are faid to extend ievcral miles un- der gioiuid. ]\Mtby, Line. NW.of Burwell. Malt- hy. Line. N. of Alford. Maltly, Norf. N W . of Yarmfillith. Maltby, Nor f. N W, of Stokefley. Maltby, Yorkf. SE. of Ro- theram. MalthamCragg, Yorklhire, E. of Settle. *Maltok, a town in the N. Riding of Yoi klhire, feared on the river Dcrwcnt, which has been made navigable to the Oule. It is compoled of two towns, the New and the Old, and is well inhabited. It is 20 miles NE. of Yi rk, ai.,i -iS N, by W. of London. Mar».ets on Tucfday and Saturday. Maltra-vfly near Montgomery, North Wales, a poor \ illage, but formerly a large place, and the tefidence of the princes of Powyfland. Malvasia, anciently Epidaurus, a fmall proircntory of Turkey sn Europe, ainiofl furrounded by the fca, on the ealt- ern coaft of the ^Iorca. The rich wine, calle.i Mainfcy, is brought hence. It is 4-p milts ESE. of Mifitra. Lat. 36. 57, N. lor). 23. 22. E. MaL-ver:i-Iiilis, hills in the SW. part of Worccfterlhire, which may be leen at a great dillarce. In thele'hills is a fpring of uncommon purity, much refortcd to in fcroiulous and icorbutic cales. Malwa, a province of Hijidooftan, cousidtd on the W. by Guz«rat 5 on th- K. b/ MAN N- by Agimere and Agra } on the E. by Allahabad and Oiifia ; and on tlie S. by Candcifli. It is fituated nearly under the tropic ot Cancer, and is one of the mod extcnfive, elevated, and diverlified trafis in Hindooftan, and is divided between the pailhwad of the weftern Mahrattas, and two of the inferior chiefs, Sindia and Hol- kar. Ou^ein is the capital of Sindia, and InJore of Holkar. Malzvatcr, Yorkfhire, NE. of Settle. MalujQod Cajlle, and Lodge, H iinpftiire, near Beaulicu. Mamers, a town in the department of Sarte, 14. miles SSW. of Belefme. Ma/nble, WoiceHetfliire, near Lind- ildge. Mambiled, Monmoiithfliire, W. of Uik. Mam Tor, a mountain oi Deiby- /hire, wit!i lead mines in it, in the Peak, near Caitleton. * Man, an idand in the Iiifh Sea, W. of thecoail ot Cumberland, about 30 miles iw length, and from 8 to 15 in breadth. It contains 17 parifhes, and the chief towns are Ruthen, Douglas, and Peel. The I'oil varies in different trails, ytt pro- ducts moie corn than is iufficient to main- tain tlie natives. The air, which is (liarp and cold in winter, is healtiiy, an^l the in- habitants live to a very great ag^. The commodities of this ifland are black cartle, wool, hides, Ikins, honey, tallow, and her- rings. The frofts here 8re fliort, and the Inow, tfpecially in lands near the lea, lies not lot long on the ground. Their cattle and horl(:s are fm.dl, and they have bad- eers, foxes, eagles, and mottled hawks. Here are quarries of ftone and Hate, and loine mines of lead, copper, and iron. About the rocks of the ifland breed an in- credible number of all forts of lea-fowl, and efptcially on the Calf of Man, an ifland 3 miles in circuit, before the S. promon- tory of Man, and leparated from it by a cliannel 2, furlongs broad. On this little ifland 5000 young puffins are generally taken every year. The bilhop is nomi- nated by tlie Duke of Athol; he was for- merly reckoned a baron, but does not fit in the iioule of peers, althougl) he is allow- ed the iiighell IcaC in the lower houle of convocation. The language is a dialeil of the Erie. In it's civil government, the ifland is divided into 6 Iheedings, eacii having it's proper corontr, who is intrult- ed vviih the peace of his dilh'ift, and ails in the nature ot a ihenff. Ot their laws, the Lord Chief Juliice Coke obferves, " that they are fucii as arc icarce to be found any where elle." Man, or Maun, a viver in Nottingham- flare. Manacha, Cornw, S£, oi iicUbn» MAN Manacles, Cornwall, a rocky point, E. of Lizard Point. Manar, an ifland of Afia,,on theNVV, coaft ot the ifland of Ceylon. It givtb fh» name ot Gulf to the Sea which lies to tlie S, The Pwiuguelc got poffdlion of it ir. 1560; but the Dutch took it fioni ihei:i in J65S. Lat. 9. o. N. Ion. 79. 53. E. Manatoulin, a chain of iflanda ir. Lake Huron, N. America, extending j« leagues in length, and about 2 in brtadtli. The name fignifies " a place of fpints j" and they are conliJcicd as facrtd by t)ic Indians. Manby, Line. W. of Glanfoid-Briggs^ Man'y, Lmcolnf. NE. of Louth. Manhv, Yorkf. on the Wherfe, NW. of Third. Mancejier, Warwick!', near Atherltom-. M..NCHA, La, a mumtainous tern- tory in New Caltile, having Murcia ontlic E. and Murcia and Jaen to the S. Tiiu is the molt cheerful country in Spain. The inhabitants are aftable, and great lovers of muiic and dancing. A late tra- veller fays, " There is no labourer, ex young female, who is not well acquainted vvitli Don Qn^ixote and Sancho." Manche, La, or The Channel, & department in the ci-dtvant Normandy, forming nearly a pcniniula, on the N. Coaft. Coutances is the capital. * Manchester, a large, populous, and flourdhmg town in Lancalhire, leated between the rivers Irk and Irwcil, upon a ftony hill, is a place of great antiquity. It was lamous for it's populaiii/n and ma- nufadures ofitufls in Camden's tune, but It is no.v principally conipicuous as the centre of the cotton trade, an immenfc bulincfi, extending, in I'oine or other of it's operations, from Furnds (where great cotton ipinning- mills liave been eltabJifh- ed) to Derby N. and S. and tioui Hdjtajc to Livcrpwol E. and W, Tlie labours of a very jiopulous neighbourhood arc col- Icited at M.incheltcr, vvhtnce they are fcnt to London, Liverpool, Hull, &c. Thcfe conlilt of a great variety of cotton, iilk, linen, and mixed goods, fitted for all forts of markets, both at liome and abroad, rereading over a great part of Europe, America, and the coafl of Guinea, and bringing back valtprofi's to this country. The maiiutaiturc of licking, tapes, fillet- ing, and other Imall wares, of fllk goods, an.l ot hats, is alio carried on at Manchef- ter 5 from which various ibuicts of wealth it Ins attained greater opulence than al- molt any of the trading tuwnsin England. It's buildings, Specially the more modem ones, arc on a proportional fcale of fizc and elegance, ii's cliief oinamtr.ts arc ( the M A N tbe college, thfmaik(-t-)>I;ice,theexchange, the ci-'lle^;i3tc rhiiitii, ;uiil the infirmary. Ry the river irwtti, ovei w!iic!i it h:»s an aBCitnt and loJty Ito-.ic !inHi;t, it h.is a com- moKicAtiwu with tiK Mtiloy, and all tlie ).itt various exf(■>1^t«^^ ot inlatui navigation. If is 6? miles WbVV. ot York, and i8z NNVV. of I,on(lori. Miiket on Saturday. Man-riir^chkidt , a town ot Treves. M.ind:\i't!les, Dorlt tfiiire, in Wliitclnircli ^^rifl). Mar.Ucvtithorp, Northainpton- ihire, neii Cliinping Warden. Masdria, a hnall delert illsnd, in the Arcl-.ipclago, between S.imos and Lsngos. If is uinounded hy rocks, and gives name to ftie Tea near it. Manaden, Elltx, S. of Berden. Manef- gj:te, Lincolnrture, S, ot Bm-well. Maney, Camhridgtlluri', in the Fens. Maney- Manor, Warwickshire, S. of Stretton. Mnnfield, Yoi kfhire, on the Tees. Manf REDONIA, a fea-port of Capita- r.ata, Naples, featcd on a gulf of the lame name, in the Adriatic. Lat. 4.1. 35. N. {on. 16. 11. E. MANCiALORE, a fea port of Hindoo- ftau, in the Can;ira country, on the coaft ot VlalaSar. Jt has an excrilent road for jTiips to anchor in, while the rainy ft-aion Lits. On their felHval days, the Hindoo iinhahitnnis carry their idols in triiinipii, heing placed in a wagg^'^n, adorned on all fiJes with fiowcis. There are fcveral ftiarp, crooked, iron hoops faftened to the >vheels, upon which the mad devotees tiirow themfelves, and arc cruilied to pieces. Their nvann.r of piinillnng critninals, is by expcfing them quite naked on the fands, where ihey expire by a miferable and lin- jrering death. It is the greateft place tor trade of any in the kingdom j and the Por- tugucfe have a fadory here for rice, and a pretty large church, frequented by black converts. The houl'es are mcai.ly built along the fides of tile rivers. Lat. 12. 50. N. Ion. 74.. 44. E. Mangeea, an illnnd in the S. Sea, about 4. leagues in circumference. The roalt is guarded by a reef of coral rocks, againll which a heavy lurf is continually breaking. In the interior parts it riles into fmall hills, whence there is an eafy defcent to the fliore. They have neither hogs nor dogs ; but thcv have plantains, taro, and bread-fruit. Captain Cook re- r>reients th.is ai* a very fine illand ; but the hutfile appearance of it's inhabitants obiig- tS hiin to lesve it without making any Itay. Lat. 21. 27. S. ion. 158. 13. W. Afaw^fr/fj/rv, Gloucefterftiire, near Stow- ou the-Woidd. hittng'River, in Kerry, Munftcfr Mart' M A N gerten-Mouniain, in Kerry, Munfter, nrar the L4kc of Killarney, accounted the highelf in Ireland. Mangotsjield, Glouctfterfhire, 4 miles NE. ofBriftol. Manguschlak, a town on the E. coaft of the Cafpian Sea. It is a place of confider.-.ble trade between the Ruffians and Tartars, the latter biinging hither the pro- duce of their own countiy, and even of Bucharia, fuch as cotton, yarn, and ftufFs ; furs and fklns, and rhubaib. It is r8o miles SE. of Aftracan. Lat. 44.. 10. N. Ion.- 52. o. E. Mnng-ive'd, Oxfordf. near WaJlingford. Manhakt7BERG, a quarter or divi- fion ot the arcliduchy ot Auftria, lying be- tween the Danube and Bohemia and Mo- ravia. Manheim, one of the moft beautiful cities in the palatinate of the Rljine, circle ot Lower Rhine. The ffreets are all ftraiglit, and intcrl'eft eacli other at right angles. The inhabitants are computed at 24,000. The town has three grand gates, adorned wish balVo relievos, very beauti- fully executed. The town is -aimoft en^ tircly funounded by the Neckar and the Rhine, and t!ie country about it is Hat, The palace of the ckdor palatine is a mag- nificent ftrui5\uie, containing a gallery lor paintings, cabinets of antiquities and na- tural iiillory, a linraiy, trealury, and me- nage. The number of the inhabitants, in 17S4. exclufiveof the gairilbn,was2i,858. Manheim is 6 miles NE. of Spire, and 10 W. of Heidelberg. Lat. 49. 26. N. Ion. 8. 31. E. Manhood, S'l/Tex, near Thorney. Ma- nie, Lincolnflure, W. of Spilfby. Maniel, a mountain 111 the liland of St. Djmingo. Man'uig, Cornwall, near Stow. Man. ingbam, Yorkfhire, N. of Bradford. Manilla, capital of the Illand of Lu- conia, as well as of the Philippine Illands, is fituated on a bay on the SW. coalf . It contains about 3000 inhabitants, exchi- five of the Chineie, who live in the fub- urbs, and as many more throughout the i/lands. There are 15 other fuburbs, in- habited by Japanefe and nations of vaiious mixtures. The citadel is at the W. end of the city, to cover the port, which is only fit for Imall velfels. In 1762, Ma- nilla was taken by the Englifh, ana to lave it from dcflruflion, it was agreed to pay a million fterling for it's ranloni ; but this agreement was ungeneroufly dilowned by the Spanilh court. ♦Maningtree, a town ofEifex, feated on the river Stour, 9 miles ENE. of Col- s chefter> MAN clieftcr, and^o ENE. of London. Mar- ket on Tuefday, Maniton, Cornwall, SW. of Laimcefton. Mankfs, Gloucefterf. a hamlet in Biimpl- field. Manley, Ciiefhire, in D>rlamere- i^^oi^rt. Maningford, Abhofs and Crncis, Wilts, NVV. ot Everley Warren. Man- ningtuny Dorfetftilrej near Holt Foieft. Manninglon, Norfolk, NW. of Alefham. Manner, Durham, near Lanchelter. Man- Tior, Nottinghainfhire, W. of \Vork(bp. Man of IVar, in Dublin, Ltinrter, a fmall village, 13 miles N. of the metro- polis. Manor Cunningham, in Donegal, Uifter. Manor Hamilion, in Leitrim, Coiinaiight. Manosctue, a town in the department of the Lower Alps, 10 miles S. of Forcal- quier, and 350 S. by E. of Paris. Manresa, a town of Catalonia. Mans, Le, a large town, capital of the dept. of Sarte. The inhabitants amount to about 14., coo. It has excellent poul- try, known at Paris by the name of pul- lets of Mans ; and it's wax and ftufFs are veiy famous. It is fcated near the con- fluence of the Sarte and theHuifne, and is 75 miles W. by N. of Orleans. Mansaroar, a large lake of Thibet, from which the fouihernmort head of the Ganges is fnppoled to iflfue. It is 100 miles in circumference. Manfel-Gaviage, betvween Hereford and Stanton. Manfcl Hope, Heiefordllure, SE. of Rofs. Manfd- Lacy, Heretordflure, SE. of Weobly. Matifergh, Weftmor- land, NW. of Kirby-Lonfdale. Mansf,£LDT, a town of Upper Saxony, capital of a county of the fame name. * Mansfield, a town in Nottingham- shire, I'eated near the edge of the foielt of Sherwood, is a pretty large town, has a great trade in corn and malt, and partici- pates in the rtocking manufailure. It is iz miles N. of Nottingham, and 140 N. by W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Mansjitld IVoodboufe, Nottinghamfliire, N. of Mansfield. Mansforlh, Durham, E. of Bifliop Auckland. Masilla, a town of Spain, in Leon. Manjlon, Durfetf. NE. of Sturminfler. Mantes, a town in the department of Seine and Oife, fcated on the river Seine, 27 miles NVV. of Paris. Manton, Devonfhire, S. of Morton. Manton, Nottinghamfliire, nenr Worklop. Manton, Wiltlhire, near Mailborough. Manton, Ratlandlhire, between Martini- thorp and Normanton. Mantita, the Duchy of, a coun- try of Italy, lying along the river Po, which divides it into parts, having the M A R Veronefe and BrelTan to the N. and th« Cremoneie to the W. It is about 50 miles ill length, and 35 in breadth; i* fruitful in corn, paftuies, flax, truits, and excellent wine. The Houle ot Aullria ha* been in poiTeiTion oi this duchy huce tl»e death of the laft duke, Chailes IV. in 1708, having annexed it to the government of Milan. It now, however, maintains a French garrifon, atid foiius a part of the new Cilaipine Republic. The principal rivers are the Fo, Oglio, Mincio, and Secchia; and the principal town is of the lame name. Mantua, the capital city of the duchy of the fame name, in Italy, is feated on an ifiand in the mitlit of a luke, and is very ftrong by fituation as well as ait,, as there is Bu coming at it, except by two caule- ways, which croi's the lake. It is very large, having 8 gates, ai parifhes, 4 con- vents, and nunneries, a quarter tor the Jews to live in, and above 16,000 inhabit- ants. The rtreets are broad and ftraight, and the houles well built. It was greatly noted for it's filk, tind other manufadures.; but they are now ineonfiderable, and the air in the fummer-time is unwholefome. It is feated on the river Mincio, and has an univerhty; 35 iniles NE. ot Parma, aa SW, of Verona, and ^^o N. by W. of Rome. Lat. 45. 10. N. lou. 10, 50. E. Manuden, Effsx. Manzvortby , Devonf. in HouUworthy parifli. I'danjan, a river in Dcnbiglif. Manyfcld, a river in Staff. Maperley, N. of Nottingham. Maperton, DorictOiue, near Brid^-ort. Maperton, N. and .S". Doii'etf. near i>tmin(tcr. hlaper- ion, Sonicriet/hire, SW. of Wincauntoo. Map. s, Middlefex, near Kilburn. Maple- beck, Nortingh. N. of Southwell. Maple- borough, Warw. near Smdley. MaplcJor- ivell, Hants, near Bafinglloke. i\!apte- durhafn, Hants, near Pctersheld. Maplc- durham, Oxford f. 4 miles from Residing- Maplejdovjn, Kent, NW. of Wrotham, Maplejled, Great and Little, EUVx, near Caltle-Heningham. Mapleion, Yoiki'. io Holdernefs, near Frodjingham. Mafou- der, Dorfetf. 3 miles NE. of Buckiand- Abbas. Mapplctcn, Derb. near Afhborn. Mar Fo"REsr, a woody, inouiitajnous diftriil in the W. angle ui Abeideenfhire. MaRagnan, or MaranhaO, a pio- vince of Brftfii, which comprehends a ter- tile, populous illand, upwards of 50 miles in circumference. The French fettied here in i6iz, and built a town; but they were ibon driven from it by the Portugiiefe, who have poiVcired it ever fince. it is now very ifiong, and has a convenient harbour. • The climate i» agreeable and vvh'jicionic, MAR ^TioTefome, and there is plenty of mod things. Lat. 2. 30, S. Ion. 45. 55- _'^' Marano, a town ol Fruili, Venice j anil .i town of Lavora, N.'plts. Mara'^ch, a town of Aladiiliaj and a town ot Caramani.i. Marasona, a village of Livadia, the ancient M.uarhon. MaraYCabo, a rich and confiderabie Town of S. Anierlc:i, capital ot tlie pro- vince of Venezuela. It carries on a great tr.idc in (kins and ch'icoiate, which is the hclt ill America i and ihcy have iikewife very fine tohacco. It is feattd near the tntrance of a lake of the fame nanae. Laf. 10. o. N. Ion. 70. 45. W. Maraycabo, a large lake in Terra Firnia, 200 miles long; and 50 broad, Miiptying itfelf into the Gulf of Venezuela. Marazion. SeeMERAZiON. Marp.ach, a town and river of Suabia; » town of Aultria; and feveral towns ot Get many. MarbELLA, 3 town of Granada, feated at the mouth of the Rio Verde. Marhrook, N, ot Stafford. Marbrook, z. river in Shropftiire, Marhury, Cheiliire, near Northwich. Marbury, Cheihirc, E. of iVl.^I|)3S. Marca, a fmall ifland In the Adriatic, about 5 miles from Ragufa. MARCr.LLiN, St. a tov/n in the dept. cf Ifere, I'eated in a country that produces excellent wine. It is 5 mites trom St. Antoine, and 253 S. by E. ot Paris. Marcelling, a river uf Sicily; and a town of Calabria Citra, Naples. March, or Mersh, a town of Cam- bridgeihire, in the lUe of Ely. Market «n Friday. Marcham, Berkfhire, near Abingdon. Marche, a ci-devant province of France, about 55 miles in length and 20 in breadth, pretty fertile in coin and wine. It now forms the (tepartment of Creufe, and part cf that of Vienne. Marche, La, a town in the dept. cf the Vofgcs, 10 miles S. oi Neutchateau. MaRCHENA, a town of Seville, Anda- Uiha, particulaily fertile in olives, though dry for want of water. Marc HIE NNES, a town of Liege. Marchien NEs, a town in the dept. of rhe North, Icated in a nioials, on the river S:arpe, 7 miles ENE. ot Douay. Mmhington, Stattordfhire, z miles be- low Uttoxeter. Mar:bomley, Shropfhire> SE. ot Piees. NIarchpurg, a town ef Stirla. Makcigi.iano, in Lavora, Naples. Marcigny, a town in the liept. ot Sa- «ne and Lcire, fealed near the river Loire* MAR Mardee've, Warwickf. near Bidford. Marck, a territory in V/e(lplialia, pretty ieriile, and fubjeft to the king of or Prudia. H:i(tly increafed, of late years, by the g- ir icioit to it for the purpofe of fea- b. - 'ig. Here is a falt-water bath, which hi.s performed great cures in nervous and p- (ilytic calcs, and numbnefs in the limbs. Great quantities of corn are ex'ported kence, and veffels are frequently pnlfing to and from the coad of Flanders. There are, moreover, regular packet-bo^ts, to and from London, fome of which are elegantly fitted up. It is 14. miles N. ot Deal, and 72 E. by S. or London. Margentheim, a town ofFranconia, fubjeft to the grand mafter of the Teutonic order; feated on the river Tauber, 25 miles SSW. of Wirtzberg. Marget-End, Ellcx, by Ingntefione. Marba?n, Lincolnfhire, near Scilvelby and Tatterfhal. Marhajn, Norihampton(l;ire, near Peterborough. Marhavi, Norfolk, W. of Svvaffham. Marian Islakos. See Ladrones. Maria, or St. Maria, an iflp.nd of the Indian Ocean, 5 miles E. of M:idii- gafcar, in lat. about 17. o. S. It is 27 miles in length, and 5 in breadth j v, ^il watered, and iurrounded by rocks. The air is extremely moid, i'or it rains ahnoft every day. It is inhaMted by about 600 negroes, but feldom vifited by fhips paffing that way. Maria, St. a confidcrable town of S. America, in the audience of Panama, built by the Spaniards after they had dii- covered the gold mines that are near it. It is feated at the bottom of the Gulf of St. Michael, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. The Spaniards conie here every year in the dry feafon, which con- tinues three months, to gather the gold- dull out of the fands of the neighbouring ftreams, and carry away great quantities. Lat. 7. 43. N. Ion. 78. 48. W. Maria, St. one of the Azores, or Weftern Iflands. It produces plenty of wheat, and has about 5000 inhabitants. Maria, St. a town of Andalufia, iS ittiles N. of Cadiz. Marie-aux-Mines, a town in the department of Volges, famous for it's fil- ver mines, Marienburg, a town of Erzgeburg, Upper Saxony, near which are mines of filver, cobalt, iron, vitriol, and i'uiphur. Marienbxjrg, a town and palatinate ©f PrufiTia, on the Viftula. Marienburg, a town in the dept. of the North, 10 miles W. of Charlemont. Marienwerder, a town of Oberland, Pruffia. Maribstadt, in W. Gothland. M A R Marigalante, a fmall ifland of the Well Indies, iiibjetl to (he French. It is of a circular form, and about 14 leaaues in circumference. Along the E. fhore are lofty, perpendicular rocks, that flieltervaft numbers of tropical birds. The weftern |hore is flat, and the ground, in general, is proper for cultivation. It has feveral large caverns, where crabs are found, with many litrle (treams, and ponds of frefh water. It is covered with trees ; and par- ticularly abounds with tobacco and the wild cinn;imon-tree. It is 30 miles NE. of Doniinic.1, and 40 E. of Guadaloupe. Lar. 16. N. Ion. 61. 11. W. Map.:gnano, a town of Milan. Muring. 071-l:. I -l-mi, Lincolnrtiire, near Horncaftle. Marington, Shropshire, E. of Montgomery. Marino, St. a 'own of Italy, capital of a fmall independent, repuolic, feated on a mountain, and funounded by the duchy of Urbino. Marino, a town of Iraly in the Cum- pagna, 10 milts SE. of Rome. Maris^ Glouc. in VVinruHi. Mar'tjht, Devonf. near LIfton. Mark, Eaft, So-' merfetf. in Wedmore parifh. Markham, Cornw. S. ot Stratton. Markby, Line, near Alford. Markfield, Leic. near Bag- worth-Park. Markcsfield, South, NE, of Bilfdon. Mark£?idale Chapel, Weftmor- land, by UU's- Water. Markes, ElTex, nearRimiford. Market-End, Oxford/hire, near Amerlden. Market Hill, in Armagh, Ulder. Market Jew. See Merazion. M.yiKET Overton, Rutland/hire, 3 miles rrom Okeham. Market diluled. Market Street, in Herts, and Bedfordf. 3 miles from Dunftable. Mark- Hall. Ef* lex, near Harlow. Markbam, E. and IV. or Great and Little, Nottingh. near Tux- ford . Markinfield, Yorkfliire, W. of Bo- rotighbridge. Markinton, Yorklhire, be- tween Ripley and Rippon. Marks, St. Somerf, nearBriftol. Mark/hurji, Somerf. near Pensford. Mark's Hull, Elfex, near Coggefhall. Mark's- Hall, in Margaret Rolling parifh . Marias- Hall, Eifcx, in the pariihes of Leighton and Walthamdow. Mark, H'ejl, Somerfetfhire, near Brent Mar/h. Marlais, a river in Pembroke- Jhu-e. Marland, Laiicaf. near Rochdale. * MAi(i,coROUGH,an ancient borough of Wiltihire, containing two pariib churches, feveral commodious inns, and about 500 houfes, with broad and paved ftreets. It is Jeatcd on the rivt-r Kennet, 43 miles E. of Briltol, and 74 W. of Lon- don. Mr. Camde~n mentions an ancienr culloin here, vi/. that every fiecniaii, at his M A R his nvIinifTion, gave ta t!ic tniyor a coiiple *>{ griylioumls, twu wiiiie ct^jions, and .1 wliite Inill. Maikcis on WcJndday aiiJ I>3(uiday. M,vK LBOROUc;!!, Fort, an linglidi {'atrtory, on rltt- SVV. coail 01 Sumatra, 3 miles h). oh B"iicoi)len. MarUion, D.vonfliirc, in a nnrley foil; whence a hiook runs to Ti-ibav. Maries, KUtx, near Kpj>Ing. Marlees, SnfTcx, near Welt Grin(tcd. Marleijh, Dcvoiifliire, near Kino's and BWhop's Neniet. Mar- lesford, Suiyolk, 'i)]d,, of Fratnlingliam. Marlfivoud, Gluucti". in Thoml^ury pa- lifli. Mnriin^fard, Norfolk, W. of Nor- vvich. Marlcp, Slu-opllnrc, near Purflow. Mar LOW, a town ot JJiickinghamfliire, featcd on the river Thames, ever which is a bridge into Bcrkfliire. It's chief ma- nufacture is bonc-iace. It is 17 miles S. of Aylcfbury, and 31 VV, of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Marloiv, Little, Bucks, near Marlow. Marloxv, Hcief. beyond Kinton, towards Shropftiire. Marljion, near Chellcr. M/wRLY, a ci devant royal palace in France, and torelf ot the lame name, noted tor it's fine gardens and water- vs-oiks. It is ^ miles N. of Verl'ailles. Marmanue, a town in the department of Lot and Garonne. It carries on 'a great trade in corn, wine, and brandy j and is 40 miles SE. of Bourdeaux. Marmora, an ifl.ind in the Sea of Mar- mora, |o miles long, and 3 wide ; with a lown of the fame name, and a few villages. Marmora, or The White Sea, he- fween Europe and Afia, which comnunii- cates with tin; Straits of Galllpcli, and the Strait of Conltaiitlnople. It is 90 miles in lengih, and 44. in l)readth, and was an- ciently called the Piopontis. Marne, a department of France, W. of the department of the Meufe. It takes it's name from a river which rifes 3 miles E. of Langies, pafhng by Chaumont, Vi- try, Epernay, Meaux, &c. joins the Seine at Charcnton. Chalons is the Capital. Marne, Upper, a dcpt. of France, divided into nearly two eqvial parts by the rivcv Marne, which has It's rli'e here, Chavnnont is tite capital. Marnhams, Nottiiighamfhire, two ham- lets by tlie Trent, near Normanion. Mam- bull, Dorfeirtiire, a vili.ige on the Stour, 5 miles S\V. of Shaftltnry. Maro, a town ot Oiut;l;a. Marogna, a town of Romania. jMarollks, fevcral towns oi France. Marple, Chelhire, near Stockport. Marpurg, a coniiderable town, capital cl Up^er Hclfc, with an univsriity, acude- MAR my for dafTical Teaming, cirtlr, palace» handlome fquare, and magniticent town- houfe. Marquesas, a group of iflands in the S.Hith Seu, firft difcovered by Mendana, a Spaniard, in 1595. Tluy arc 5 in num- ber, and named St. Chriltma, Magdalena, Dominica, St. Pedro, and llootl. Captain Cook lay fonic time at the firit of theic, in 1774. Tiic natives are of a tawny com- plexion, but look almoll black, by being puri5tured over the whole body. Tiicy g« almoft naked, having only a fmall piece of cloth, perfectly refembling that made by the people ot Otaheitc, round their waill and loins. Their beard and hair are of a fine jet black, like thofe of the other natives of the torrid zone. Tiie illand, though high and fteep, has many valleys, which widen toward the fea, ami are co- vered with fine foielU to the liimmita of the interior mountains. The products of thefe ilhnds arc bread-fruit, bananas, plan- tains, cocoa- nuts, fcai let beans, paper-mul- berries, of the bark of which their clotli is made, cafuarinas, with other tropical plants and trees, and hogs and fowls. They have alio plenty of fifli. Forfter lays, he never law a fingle man deformed, or even ill-propoitioned among the natives : all were Ifrong, tall, well-iimbed, ami ac- tive in tlie higheft degree. Tbeir arms were clubs and I'pears, and their govern- ment, like that of tire Society Illands, mo- narchical. But they were not quite lb cleanly as the inhabitants of the Society llles, who, in that refpeft, furpals, per- haps, any other people in the world. The dank of the Marquefans is purely water, cocoa-nuts being rather fcarce. Their nuific, mufical inllruments, dances, and canoes, relemble thofe of Otaheite. In- deed, the inhabitants of the Maiquefas, Society, and Friendly Iflands, Eafter Illand, and New Zealand, feem to have all the fame origin j their language, man- ners, cultoms, Sec. bearing a great affinity in many refpeCts. Lat. 9. 55. S. Ion. 139. 9. W. Marr, Yorkfhire, 3 miles W. of Don- cafter. Marrick, Yorkfhire, SW. of Richmond Moor. Marsal, a town in the department of Meurthe, remarkable for it's falt-works. It is I- miles ENE. of Nanci. Marsala, a town and river of Sicily. Marsan. a ci-devant diftrict in the de- partment cfLandt.s, fertile in wine. Mont Marfan was the capital. MaRSAQUIVHR, orMARSALqyiVER, .1 fea-port of Tremefen, Algiers, one of ihc ijclt harbtivys in Afiica, 3 miles from. Oran. M A R ©ran. It is fubjeft to the Spaniards. Marfcough, with it's Chace, Lancafliire, near Garftang. Marfden Chapel, York- /hire,- SW. of Almondbury. Mar/Jen Rocks, Northumberland, a little way trom the ftiore, are Ibnnetimes vifited by parties on pleafure, from Tinmouth. They have fome large caverns in them, and are lb per- /ham, Kent, near Afhford. Mar/ham, forated, in I'everal places, as to give a free Norfolk, near Alefham. MarJIiden-Cha- paffage to boats. pel, Lancaf. S. oi Colne. Marjliden Cha- MAR3EILLES, a flourifhing fea-port in pel, Yorkf. S. of Halifax. Marjh Ditch, the dept. of the Mouths of the Rhone, York/hire, a fenny tizdi between the Dua lately an epifcopal iee. Itwas (o cele- and Oul'e. Mar/Zi F«r«f, Dorfetfhire, near MAR fter. Marfb, Shropfliire, N. of Caufe- Caftle, * Marsh, a town of Somerfetfliire, near E. and W. Coker. Mar/hall, Dcrbyfhire, in the High Peak, Marjhall, Suffex, in f^letching parifh. Marjhall, Elfex, near the N. Weald . Mar- brated in the time of the Romans, that Cicero ftyled it the Athens of the Gauls, and Pliny called it the Millrefs of Educa- tion. It is featcd on the Mediterranean, at the upper end of a gulf, covered and defended by many fmall iflands, and is di- vided into the Old Town or the City, and the New Town. The firft appears like Vernininfter. Marshfield, a confiderable clothing town of Gioucefterfliire, fcated on the Cotrwold-Kiiis, 1 2 miles E. of Briftol, and 102 W. of London. Market on Tuefday. Marjhland, Norfolk, a marfhy peninfula, oppofite to Lynn. It feems to have beea gained from the water, and has at differ- an amphitheatre to the vefTcls which enter ent times been inundated both by the ocean the port; but the houfes are mean, and the and by the rivers which nearly furroun^ ftreets dirty, narrow, and fteep. In the latter, the ftreets are ftraight and broad, and adorned with handfome edifices. In this part, is the principal church, built by the Goths, on the ruins of the temple of Diana. This place was conlidered as en- dowed with an invaluable privilege con- firmed by different popes ; namely, that it Should be for ever exempt from an inter- dift. The armoury is the fineft in the kingdom, and contains arms for 40,000 men. Here is alfo a large arfenal, well ftored with all the implements for build- ing and fitting out the galleys. The har- bour is not deep enough for men of war. Gold and filver ftuffs are made here. The inhabitants are eftimated at 90,000. With refpeft to commerce, Marfellles, has been eminent, fince the days of antiquity, and it is now fometimej called Europe in Mi- niature, on account of the variety ofdrefles and ians:uas:es. In 1649, the plague It, to the great damage of the inhabitants. Marjhland, Yorkf. E. Riding, between thp rivers Are, Dun, Oule, and Trent, which with Marfh Ditch, make a river ifland fe- veral miles in length and breadth, Marfi) Salt, Gloucef. by the Severn fide. MarJh- fide, Middl. NE. of Edmunton. Marjh, N. and S. Devonfhire, near Modbury. Mar/h Street, Effex, between Waltham- ftow and the river Lee. Mar^i Street^ N W. of Sandwich. Marjhivood, with it's l^ale and Park, Dorfetfhire, 4 miles NW. oi Whitchurch. MarJ/iivood, Huntino-- donfliire, near Redbridge. Marsico Nuovo, a town of Priuci- pato Ultra, Naples. Marsico Vetere, a town of Bafill. cata, Naples. MarJh, a river of Yorkfhire, falling into the Ssvale, nearMarik. Marjlon, Berks, near Bucklebury, Marfion, Lincolnf. be- tween Grantham and Chy Pool. Afer- raged with great violence in Marfeilles, fton, SW. of Derby, near the Dove. Mar- and with ftili greater in 1720, i72i,and 1722, when it carried off 50,000 of the in- habitants. During this ialt dreadful vilit- ation, M. de Belfunce, (the " l^larfeilles good bifhop" celebrated by Pope) the canon y?c«, Herefordf. near the Grendons, War- ren and Bilhop's. McirJ^oft, H^ref. near Pembridge. Mcrflon, Herefordf. betweeo Rofs and Monmouthftiire. Marjlon, near Oxford. Mzr/?(?w, N. of Stafford." Mar- Bourgeret,themagiftrate Mouftier, and the Jlon, Staff. NW. of Lapley. Marjlon, or commandant Langeron, by their intrepid Marjlon Sicca, Glouc. SW. of Stratford- and indefatigable humanity, did the nioft upon-Avon, in Warw. Marjlon Bigotp fignal honour to themfelves and to human Somerf. near Frome. Marjion, St. Lanxi- nature. Marfeilles is i8 miles NW. of rence, Northamptonf. NW. of Brackley, Toulon, and 364 S. by E. of Pans. Lat. Marjlon Long, Gloucef. m Tring parifh. 43. 18. N. Ion. 5. 27. E. Marfton Long, alias Hutton IVanelly, near Marjlibrook, in King's County, Leinfter. York. Marjlon Montgomery, Derbyfhire» Marsjield, Suffex, N. of Cuckfield, near the Dove, SW. of Albborn, Mar- Marfi, Buckinghamfhire, by Newport- _/?(?« M^or, Yorkf. between Wethefby and Pagiiel, M«r//, Dorfet;i ovince. The town of Martaban is 80 miles SE. of tliat of Pegu. Lat. 16. 38.N. Ion. y;. 3. E. Martel, a town in the department of iot, i8 miles NNE. of Cahors. Martha, St. a province of S. Ame- rica, on the coaft of Terra Firnia. It is 350 miles in length, and 209 in breadth, and is moltly a mountainous country, hav- ing Venezuela on the E. aud Carthagena on the W. It is extremely hot on the Jea- coaft, but within cold, on account of the mountains. It abounds with fruits proper to the cUmate, and there are mines of gold and precious Hones, and falt-works. TheSpaniaijds polfcfs but one part of thi» province, in winch th*:y have built St. Mar- tha, -the capital. The air about the town is vvholefomc, and it is featednear the fea, having a harbour furrounded by high mountains. It was formerly very conll- dcrable, when the Spnni/h gaileons were lent thither, but is now come almoit to nothing. Lat. 11. 27. N Ion. 74.. o. W. Martha, St. or Sierra Nevada, a high mountain in Xfexico, fuid to be 100 miles in circumference at the bottom, and 5 high i the Rip being always covered with Inow in the hottcif weather. Martha's Vj.vtVARD, an ifland of N, Amcijca, neai the couit ot Malfachu. ffi's, io nn\ti S, o{ Button. The inha- |)iUnIS ipply tbcmfei^c* rkl.fiy lo th« H\\. MAR eries, in which they have great fuccef*. Lat. 41. 16. N. Ion. 70. 22. W. Marthall, Chefhire, E. of Knottcsforti. Martham, Norf. near 'Winterton. Mar- thelly-Chapel, Monmuutlifhirc, S. o( UHc. Martholm, Lancaftiire, near Shultlewortb. Marticues, Lts, a fca-port in the department of the Mouths of tr.e Rhone, Icated near a lake 12 miles long, and 5 bro: 1, which is much lefs confiderablc than it was tormcrly, but v^hence they get very fine fifh and excellent fait. Ivlarl'igues is 20 miles NW. of Marlelilc.s. Martin, Kent, nearCanterbury. Mar- thi, Lincoln/liire, near Horncaltle. Mar' tin, Somerletfliiie, in Stanton Drew pr.rifli. Martin, Wilts, 6 miles from Salifbuiy. Martin, Worcefterfliire, S. of D/oilwicli. Martin, Surry, lee Merton. Martin, Cape, a promontory of 'Va- lencia J and a river of Arragcn. Martin-, St. a fmall town in the Ifle of Ree, with a harbour and citadel. Martin, St. an ifland in the Weft Indies, lying between St. Bartholomew, and Anguilla. It is 42 miles in circum- ference, has neither harbour nor river, but feveral falt-pits, and has been long jointly held by the Dutch and French.. Lit. 18. 20. N. Ion. 63. o. W. Martin, St. Cornwall, SE. of Helrton. Martin, St. Cornwall, near E. Low. Martin, St. Cornwall, near Salta/lj. Mar- tin, St. Kent, between Appledore and Romney. Martin, St. E. and W. Wilt- fiilre, E. of Cranbourn-Chace. Martinico, a confiderable ifland of the Welt-Indies, about 44. miles inkngtli, and 120 in circumference. There are 3 high mountains, with nuniberlefs hills of a conical form, and feveral rivers and fertile valleys, but they will not bear either wheat or vines ; however, the former is not much wanted, for thofe that are bora here prefer caflava to wheat bread. It pofl^'efles many natural advantages, and in particular, it's harbours afford a certain ftielter from the hurricanes. It exports fugar, cocoa, caflia, ginger, cotton, indigo, chocolate, aloes, pimento, tobacco, yarn, plantains, mobiles, preferved fruits, kc. is extremely populous, and has feveral fafe and commodious harbours. The princi- pal places are Fort-Royal, Fort St. Peter, Fort-Trinity, and Foot-de-Mouiliagc. There are Hill feme of the ancient inha- bitants lemaining. In 1769, France im- ported from ISIartinico, in 202 tiadino- veffels, merchandile to the amount of 536,631!. iteiling. In Feb. 3. 1794, '^'^ itJand was atr.rked by the EngliQi, UHiler H.r John Jervis a^.ii Sir Charles Grey, anj "trie MAR the conqueft was completed on March x6th. Fort-Royal is in lat. 14.. 44. N. Ion. 61. 16, W. Martingley, Hants, W. of Hartley- Row. Martin Hofyntree, Wore, between Worcefter and Droitwich. Martin Hoiu, Devonf. between Comb-Martin and Lin- ton. Martin-M^er, Lane. \V. of Eccle- Iton. Martin s, Effcx, near Maningtree. Martin's, St. Nortliamp. near Stamford. Martinfdale, Weltmorl. a parifh of Barton. Manin's-Thorpy Rutl. 3 miles from Up- pingham. Martinjion, S. of Dorchefter. Martinxvorthy, Hants, N. of Winehefter, MartleJ}iamy Suffolk, 5 miles from Ipf- wlch. Martlejion, Berks, near Buckle- bury. Mar//iy, W, of Worcefter. Mar- tock, or Mattock, Somerf. between Ilchef- terand Ilmlnfter. Marton, Cheft. E. of Delamere-Forelt. Marton, ^lih it's Mere, Cheftiire, SW. of Macclesfield. Marten, Devonf. Hu-ar Hewifli. Marton, Lancaf. N. of Ormlkirk. Marton, Line, near the Trent. Marton, Line, near Gainfborough. Marton, Norfolk, S. of Watton. Marton, Nottingh. a hamlet of Harwcrth. Marton, Shropl. bordermg on Denbigh f. Marton, Shropf. N. of Cliirbury. Marton, Warw. on the Leame. Marton, Wcitmorl. NW. of Appleby. Marton, Yorkf. near Flam- borough. Marton, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Marton, E. of Rippon, Marton, Yorkl". near Stokefley. Marton, Yorkf. SE. of Kirby-Moorlide. Marton, York!'. SE. of Boroughbridge. Marton, Yorkf. NW. of Boroughbridge. Marton, Yorkf. E. of Eafingwould. Marton £ro(?^, running •into the Derwent, near D.-rby. Marton, E. and IV. Yoik(hire, E. of Gilborn. Marton, Great and Little, Lancalhire, in Amoundernefs. Marton-Mofs, Lanca- ftirc, in Amoundernefs. Martorano, in Calabria Citra. Martorel, a town of Catalonia. Martos, atownof Jien, Andalulla. Marvejols, a tialmg town in the de- partment of Lozere, 10 miles NW. of Mende, and 300 S. of Paris. Marvel, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Marville, a town In the department of Meufe, feated on the river Olheim, 4. miles W. of Longwy. Marwood, a town of Durham, on the Tees, near Bvnard-Callle. Maiket on Wedneid.ay. Marvjood, Church, and MiMc, Devonf. N W. of Barnftaple, Marybcrn, .SiiiH^nts, W. of Wnitchurch. Mary Church, Ds- vonlhire, near Toibay. Ma>y Hill, St. Glamorganlhire. Maryland, one of the United States of America, lying about the N. end of Chefa- MAR peak Bay, which divldesit into two parts* called the eaftern and weftern fiioies : bounded on the N. by Penniylvania, on the E. by the Hate of Delaware, on the- SE. and S. by the fea and Virginia, and on the W. by the interior country of Ame- rica. It is 17+ miles long, and no broad. It is divided into 18 counties, 10 of which are on the weftern, and 8 on the eaftern fhore of the Chefapeak. The ex- ports are wheat and tobacco, which are the riaple commodities; timber, hemp, flax, and barelled pork, there being valt numbers of fwine, which fun wild in the woods, feeding on the matt or nuts of va- rious kinds of trees. The number of in- habitants is about 260,000. The chief towns are Annapolis and Bairimore. The climate of this province, which in moft refpeiS^s refpefts refembles Virginia, is generally mild and agreeable. Maryport, a town in Cumberland, on the Ellen. It has a good harbour, and 80 or 90 fail of Ihipping, from 50 to 300 tons buiden ; Ibme of them fail up the Baltic for timber, flax, iron, See. The coal and coafting trade and fhip- building are carried pretty extenfively, and lately an extenfive cotton manufaftory has been erefled. Here is a furnace for caft-iron, and one of the fineft glafs-houfes in the Biififh dominions. It is 7 miles NW. of Corkermoulh, and 307 NN W. of London. Market on Friday. Mary, St. Cambridgef. near Wifbeach. Mary's, St. Devonf. near Ottery. Mary's, St. Kent, 5 miles NE. of Rocheiter. Mary's, Sf. Kent, between Clift and the Ifle of Greane. Mary's St. Kent, in Rumney Marlh, 2 miles N. of New Rum- . ney. Mary's, St. Line. W. of Walpole in Norf. Mary's, St. Line, near Wayn- fleec. Mary's, St. Norf. SE. of Walpole. Mary's, St. Hants near Southampton. Mary's River, St. a river of N. . America, in Georgia, which forms a part of the fouthern lioundary of the United States, and enters Amelia Sound, in lat, , 30. 44. N. It is navigable for veifels of confiderable burden lor 90 miles ; and it's banks afford immenfe quantities of fine timber fgited to the Welt-India markets. Mary's Strait, St. a ftrait in N. America, which forms the communica- tion between Lake Superior and Lake Huron. It is about 40 miles long,- and at the upper end is k rapid fall or defctnt, which, though it is impcifiil le for canoes tQ attend, yet, when conducted by careful pilots, may be defcende*) v^iihout danger. * Maryborough, the county town of Queen's County, i,n Ltiiiftcr, with confi- D d 3 ' derable MAS Jfiablc woollen manufaflurts, 4-0 miles SbVV. of" Dublin. Mary Glrane's House, a namK giviu to Dunmoie-Head, in Kerry, Mun- Iter. Marza Sirocco, a fmall gult on the S. (ide ot the Jfle of M:ilta. The Turks landed here in 1565, when they went to beliege Valttta, for whidi real'on the Grand Mafter ordered three foris to be built, two at the entrance of the gulf, and cue on the point of land that advances into the middle o.f it. Marzilla, a town of Spain, in Na- varre, 30 miles S. of Pampeluna. MASBATE,oneofthePliiiippineIflands, alinoft in the centre of the relt. It is 80 miles in circumference. The natives, are molfiy independent; about ^50 families are tributary to the Spaniards. Here are fome mines, which are not wrought. The principal produce is rice. Lat. 12. o. N. Ion. 122. 45. E. MaJbr$ok, Upper and Lotver, Shropf. near Ofweltry. Majbrough, a moft flou- rifliiug village of Yorkfliire, near Rother- ham. Here is a confiderable iron manu- faflory, with furnaces for fmelting the iron out of the ore, forges for making it mal- leable, and mills for flatting the tin plates, which are alfo tinned here. Great quan- tities of goods of hammered iron are made here for exportation; and they alio con- vert iron into fteel, and calf all kinds oi vefl'els, &c. in the fame.metal. MASCATE,ihe principal town of Oman, OD the coaft of Arabia, befide a fmall gulf encompaiTed with fteep rocks, and forming a fecure harbour for the largeft veffels. Arrian calls it A/o/c/?, and ipeaks of it as being, even then, a great emporium of the trade of Arabia, Perlia, and India ; an ad- vantage which it has ever enjoyed, and ftill polTtfres, The Portuguefe conquered it about the year 1508, but the Arabs took it from them in 165?, and put all the gar- rifon to the fword, except 18, who turned Mahometans. The cathtdral, built by the Portuguefe, is now the palace of the wall or governor, acting for the Icheik or irjmn, and their other church is a magazine. There are neither trees, fhiubs, nor grafs to he feen on the coall near it, and only a few date-trees in a valky at the back of the town, though they have all things in plenty. The bazars, or maiket-places, are covered \^ith the leaves ot date-trees, laid on beams, which reach from the houfe- tops on one fide, to thofe on the other. The horfes, cattle, and flieep are accuftom- ed to eat roalfed fUli ; uoiwiihitanding whithj the beefanei mutionavtboih ^opd. MAS Their religion is Mahometanifm, and yet they fuifFer any one to go into their mofques, contrary to the cuftoin of the Turks. There are about izoo Banians in this city, who are permitted to bring their wives here, fet up idols in their chambers, and burn their dead, &c. The produ(ils of the country are horfes, dates, fine brimltone, coffee, and ruinols, a root that dyes red. Lat. 24. o. N. Ion. 57. 26. E. Mas-D'Asil, Le, a town in the de- partment of Arriege. Mafengill, Lane, near Kirby-Lonfdale. Mash AM, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkfhire, with a cotton manufactory, leated on the river Ure, 2 1 8 miles from London. Market on Tuefday. MaOJmry, EHex, NW. of Chelmsford. Majk, Vorkfliiie, near Richmond. Majky York/, on tlie conrt, NE. of Glfborough. MaSKAT., Set MA>CATf., Majkelbury, Elfex, near White Rodirg. Maskelyne's Isles, a group of fmall, but beautiful iflands, lying off the SE, point of Mallicollo, one of tlic New Hebrides. Lat. 16. 32. S. Ion. 167. 55. E. Majlafcanlane , in Cork, Munfler. Massa, a town and tenitoiy of Italy, between the dominions of Genoa and Tuf- cany, united to Modena. It is feated j miles from tlie fea, and is famous for quar- ries of fine marble. Massa, a town of Lavora, Naples. Massa, a town of h^^y, in the Sien- nefe. Between this town and the fea is an unhealthy tra<5f, called Maremma di Sienna. Near it are found borax and Ir.pis lazuli. Massachusets, one of the UnJted States of N. America, bounded on the N. ' by New Hainpihire and Vermont j on the W, by New York ; on the S. by Connec- ticut, Rhode Uland, and the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the E. by that ocean and the Bay of Mail'achufets. It is 120 miles long, and 50 broad ; and is divided into 1 1 countries. It produces Indian corn, flax, hemp, hops, potatoes, beans, peas, fruits, &c. Iron has been found in irnmeiife quantities; as likewife copper ore, black- . lead, alum, llate, Src, This fiate owns more than one third part of the trade and flapping belonging to the United States. The negro trade was prohibited by law in 177S, The number of inhabitants, in 1790, was 378,787, Here are x65 towns, the principal of which are Botton and Salem. They have manufj-.ftories of lea- ther, linen, and woollen cloth, and plenty of beef, pork, fowls, and fifh. Massafra, atownofOtianto, Naples. MAT Majj'ekk, a river in Cardiganflilre. Mass'erano, a town of Piedmont. Mas SINGH AM, Great J a town ofNor- folkjMicar Rougham. Market on Friday. Majjlngham, Little^ near Great MafTing- ham. Ma£jton.in, in Cork, Munfter. Mastico, Capo, a cape on the W. fjde of Scio, in the Archipelago. M.tjlborn, Cumberland, near Hathwait. Mujton, Wiltihire, S. of Highworth. Masuah, ah illand in the Red Sea, three quarters of a mile long, and nearly half a mile broad. One third of it is oc- cupied by houles, another by cifterns to receive rain water, and the lait js reierved for burying the dead. The hoiifes, in ge- neral, are built of poles and bentgrafs, as in the towns of Arabia, Here is an ex- cellent harbour, with water deep enough ior fhips of any fize, where tiiey may ride in the utmolt lecurity, from whatever point, or with whatever degree of ftrength the wind blows. Lat. 15. 45. N. Ion. 40. 3.E. Masulipatam, a Tea-port on thecoaft of Coroinanclel, feated near the mouth of the Kiftna, in the circar of Condapiily. Lat. 1.6. 8. N. Ion. Si. n. E. Mataca, or Mantaca, a commo- dious bav in the Welt Indies, on the N. coalt of Cuba. Here the galleons ulually come to take in frefh water, on their return to Sp"in. It is 35 miles E. of the Ha- vanna. Matagorda, a fort which covers the entrance of Cadiz harbour. Mat ALO N A, a town of Lavora, Naples. Mataman, or CiMBEBA, a country of Africa, 9. of Benguela, on the coall ot the Atlantic, extending from lat. 16 to 24. S. and Ion. 13 to i£ E. It is a country lit- tle vitited by Europeans, Matapan, or Cagua Cape, the molt foutliern promontory of the Morea, E. of the Gulf of Coron. Lat, 36. 33. N. Ion. 22. 40. E. Mataram, a terrifcry of Java, on the S. fide, near the centre of the illand. Lat. 8. 20. S. Ion. no. 13. E. MataRO, a to'-vnot Catalonia, remark- able for it's gtafs works, and other manu- faflnres. Matching, and Matching Barnes, EfTex, near Harlow, Matcowitz, a town of Hungary. Matelles, Les, a town in the depart- ment of Htrault. Mater A, a townof Bafilicata, Naples. Matford, Devonf. nea-- Exeter. Ma- jham. Great, Kent, in Benenden parifh. Maibam, little, or L9--Mdett, K«nt, near M A U Great Matham. 'Maihanan, a rlvulef :n Anglefea. Matha^n, Monm. S. of Chep- ftow. Matharn, Heref. near Malvern- Hills. Mathern, a river in Cardigan/hire. Maihfield, Upper and Nether, or Mciyfield, Staff, on the Dove, near Afhborn, in Der- byfliire. Matklington, Shropfliire, NW. of Bifhop's-Caffle. Mathoti, 7 ""ie* ^''O'" Worcefter. Mathry, Pembrokef. Mat- lafi, Norfolk, between N. Walfliam and Holt. Matlock, 'Derh^i'. nearWirkfworth, fituated on the river Derwent. It has two baths, wlwfe waters are milk warm, and efticacious in cholicky, confumpttve, and cutaneous cafes. It is an extcnfivc (fiag- gling village, built in a very romantic Ifyle, on the (ieep fide of a mountain, the houles riling regularly one above another, from the bottom to nearly the fummif. There are good accommodations for the numerous company who refort to the baths; and petrifaclionS, cryftals, and other curiofities for fale. Notwithltanding the rockinefs of the foil, the cliffs of tlic rocks produce an immenfe number of trees, whofe foliage adds greatly to the beauty of the place. Mat/hall, Norfolk, near E. Dereham. Mat/on, near Gloucefter. Matsumay, a Tea-port of Jedlb, capi- tal of a province of the lame name, tribu- tary to Japan. Lat. 42. o. N. Ion. 138. 55. E. Mafteleigh, Chelhire, NE. of Stopford. Mattcrdale, Cumberl. NE. of Kefwick, in Grayftock parifh. Matterjey, Notting- hamihire, on the Idle, near Bautree. Mattheo, St. a town of Arragon. MatthEo, St. an illand of Africa, 420 miles diltant from Cape Palmas, the neareft land on the coaft of Guinea. It was formerly planted by the Poi tuguefe, but is now deferted. Lat. i. 24. S. Ion. 6. to. W. Matthew's, St. Islands, in the Indian Ocean. Lat. 5. 23. S. Ion. 123. 51.E. Matthc^jfs Greer, Berks, near Oking- ham. Mattingley, Hants, N. of Hartley Row. MaUijhiil, Noifolk. Maubeuge, a town in the department of the N)rth, kated on tl\e river Sambre, ceded to Frar.ccby the treaty of Niirt^guen. It is 12 rftiles S. of Mons. ., MaugiUt, Cornwall, NW. of Colomb- ia lagna. Moay^crjlury, Gloucef. in Stow parifh. iV/j?//rt/«, Yorkf. SE. of Settle. Maui.oah, a city of BiKgal, iituaicd en a liver that cominunica-tes with the Ganges. It is a place of trade, and pro- duce;!, in particular, much ilk. It is about 190 niile< N. of Calcutta. Lat. 25, JO. N. Ion. 88. 28. E. D d 3 Mauldot, MAY . MauUfft, EedfoiJfliire, near Ampthill. Mi uWsMehurn, Wtftinoi land^ in the pa- lifh ot' Ciofby-KavtnfwDrlli. ' Maui.fon, a town in the (If-parrment of Lower Pyrenees, 20 niilt-s W. of Pan. Maulfon, a town in the department of Vendee. MAULf OM, a town in the dept. of Up- per Pyrenees, 9 miles SK. of La Barthe. ALiuIfzL'ick, G\ouci:(. in Ncwent parifh. Maura, St. an ifland of the Mediter- ranean, near the coaft of Albania. Maure, St. a town in the depart, of Indre and Loire, 17 miles S. ot Tours, and 148 SW. of Paris. Mauriac, a trading town in the dept. of Cantal : the horfes are accounted the bell in France, It is feared near the river Dordogne, 26 miles WNW. of St. Flour. Maurice, St. a finall town of the country of Vallais, fituated on the Rhone, 36 miles NNW. ot Martigny. Maurienne, a narrow valley in the ilept. of Mont Blanc, 50 miles in length, extending to Mount Cenis, which fepa- rates it from Piedmont. St. John is the capital. Mauritius. See Isle of France. MauruAi one of the Society Iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, furrounded by a reef of rocks, without aharbour. It is 14. miles W. ofBolabola. Mawar alnahar, a name given to the country of the U(bec Tartars. It is very populous, and contains a great num- ber of towns. Samarcand is the capital. Ma-vbcrroujj, Cumberland, near Ireby. !Ma\V2s, Sr. a town in Cornwall, feat- ed on the E. fide of Falmouth Haven, 3 miles from the town, and 250 W. by S. of London, J^Ia^vgan, Cornwall, SW. of Helfton. Maivhan, in Armagh, U lifer. 7i^iiic/rt, Cornwall, SW. of St. Anns. Llaivli/ig, Suflex, N. of Lewes. Manxjm- bury, or Maunburj, a carious old Roman amphitheatre, a quarter of a mile SW. of Dorchelter. Manjjiiam, Cornw. near the mouth of Helford Jiaven. Maio/is, Yorkf. S. of Skipton. Maxtj Cnjile, Northamp. on the Welland, oppoiite to Weft Deeping, MaxfieU, Sulfex, SW. of Wincheifea. Maximin, St. a town in the dept. of Var, 20 miles N. of Toulon. Maxivel, Hants, NW. of Biftop's- Waltham. May, a fmall ifland of Scotland, at the mouth of iheFritli of Forth, with a lightr houfe. Mayden Crofs, Northumberland, near pocklaw-Hill, on the borders of Scotland, Mavence. See Mentz. MAY Mayenne. See Maine. Mayes-Hill, Giouc. in Waterlcigh pa- rifh. Mayes ■ HiU,Yi.<^T\t,nt:ir Sitti/igbourn. Moyfidd, SiilTcx, E. of Aflidown Forelt. Mayford, Surry, near Woking. May- land, Durham, W. of Birtiop- Auckland. MayUvid, EfTex, near South Minfttr. May- lerd's, Edcx, SW. ot Hornchurch. •Mayn'OOTH, a neat well built town of Kiidare, in Leinller, 12 miles W. of Dublin. Mayirjlon, Shropf. near Bifliop's-Caftle, May, or Mayo, one of the Cape de Verd lilands, lying in the Atlantic Ocean, about 21 miles in circumference, it's form oval, with a variety of Iharp rocks and points projcfting in'o the fea about a mile. The foil confifts of land, or a loofe, crum- bling ftone, without rivulets, fprings, or any natiual moiffure, except the dews in the night, and Itiowers in the wet feafon ; however, they have plenty of beeves, goals, and afies ; as alio, fome corn, yams, pota- toes, plantains, figs, water-melons, ci- trons, oranges, pompions, and calavanas, or a Ipecies of bean. In the whole iiland is but one fpring, which rlies in the cen- tre, and runs off in a fmall ftream through a valley confined by the hills. Here are no large trees; what few they have are on the fide of the hills. Here is a large falt-pond, 2 miles in length, and half a mile in breadth : with this commodity many Eng- li/li tiiips are loaded in the lummer time. The fea is plentifully ftocked with a va- riety or fifli. The inhabitants are negroes, who fpeak the Portuguel'e language, and are ftcut, lufty, and plump. There are only three villages, the principal of which is PIncfa, with a church, and about 20Q inhabitants, many of whom go naked. Lat. 15, 10. N. Ion. 22. 25. W. Mayo, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Conmught, 49 miles in length, and 44 in breadth. It contains 68 pa- rirties, about 27,970 houfes, and 140,000 inhabitants, and is bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the N. and NE. by the ocean and Sligo, on the E. and SE. by Rofcommon and Galway, and on the S. by Galway. The weltern coaft is mountainous, and fcarcely inhabited ; but in the interior there are good paftures, lakes, and rivers, with fev^cral excellent harbours on the coaft. It's ancient capi- tal. Mayo, is gone to decay. Baliinrobe is now reckoned the chief town, but the afiTizes are held at Caftlebar, Mayotta, the moft foutherly of the Comora Iflands. Maypole, in W. Meath, Leinfter. Majpo'wder, Duriistlhire, NW. of Mid- die toa M E A H!efon. Mayfemere, 2 miles N\V. of (jJouceftei-. Mazacan, a fortrefs of Morocco, 65 miles NNW. of-lhe city of Morocco. Ma7.anderan'. See Mezanderan. Mazara, a (ea-port cf Sicily, on the SW. coaH-, with a good iiarboiir. It is the cnpital of a coniideiahle valley of the Jaine name, fertile and well watered with fevcral rivei.s. Meaco, or Kio, a town of Niphon, in Jipan, the ancient metropolis of the whole empire, and the refidence of the ancient and prefent dairos. Meaco is ftill the grand rtore-houfe of all the manufactures of Japan, and foreign and home merchan- (life. ficre they refine their metals, print Isooks, and weave and dye the fin-Il filks and ifuffs ; make japan work, porcelain, inuf-ca] inliruments, paintings, carvings, gold, filver, and copper work, fteel of the hneli: temper and curloiis woikmanfhip, gowns, toys, trinkets, &c. The inhabit- ants are laid to be 60,000 in number, be- f^de (h-angers who com.e hither to trade. Lat. 35. 30. N. Ion. 136. 25. E. Meadham, or Mendham, Noifolk, near Hnicfton. Meadbond Park, Suffex, N. oi Petwoi th. Mh ADiA, a town in the Bannat of Te- mtrivvHr, Hungary. MeadJioiv?t, in Meath, Leinftcr. Meales, Lancafhirc, on the coaft, be- tween the Mo/le and the mouth of the Ribble. Menu, E. and JV. Hants, near I'etLTiijeld, to the welh Mean 'Stock, Hints, NE. of Bifliop's-Waltham. MEAO.oneof thefmallMoluccaJflands. iV/,Y/r, Soinerfetfhire, near Glaftonbuiy. h'-'/ir, Staifurdlhire, near Wefton. Mcar, SrHh"urdfhire, near Newcaftle-under-Line. :V/t:'nel, Drin, and Banean Annagh. The chief town is P.Iullingar, where the fecond great fair in the kingdom for viool is held. Meaux, a large, handfome, and popu- lous town in the oopf . of Seine and Marne, feated on the river Marne. The country round this place abounds in corn and cat- tle ; and the fine meadows produce a cheefe, well known by the name of the Cheefe of Brie, Jt is 25 miles NE. of Paris. Mecan, a large river of Afia, which rifes in Thibet, and flowing SE. through the Chinefe province of Yunnan, and the kingdoms of Lahos and Cambodia, falls by tvvo mouths Into the Indian Ocean, 200 miles below the city of Cambodia, which gives it's own name to the eallern branch. Mecca, a city of Hedias, in Arabia, feated on a barren (pot, in a valley, fur- rounded by little hills, about a day's jotir- ney from the Red Sea. It has neither walls nor gates, but the buildings are better here than in any other town ol Arabia. W^hat chiefly fupports it, is the annual refort of a great many thoufand pilgrims at a certain leafon of the year j for, at other times, the rtiops are fcarcely open. The inhabitants are poor, very thin, lean, and fwarthy. The hills about the town are numerous ; all confiil of a blackifh rock ; and I'ome ot* them are half a nule in circumference. The town has plenty of v/ater, and yet Jit- tle garden-It uff; but there are ftveral .(brts of good fruit, as grapes, melons, water- melons, and cucumbers. Numbers of flicep are brought hither to be fold to the pil- grims. Mecca ft;invls in a very hot cli-. m.ite, and the inhabitants ufually deep on the tops of their hoults, for the fake of coolnefs. Among it's cilifices, the molt remarkable is the ftmous Kaba, or Honfe of God, held in high veneration by t!ie Arghais, even before the days ot" Maho- met, and faiil to have been Abraham's honfe of jirayer. The Kaba is a fquare tovver, covered on the top with a piece of black gold-embroidered lilk ftaff. It has, 42 doors, and refembles, in it's forin, the Royal Fjcchange, but is near (en times as large, Th • ground in the middle, or area, is mortly covered with gravel. There are cloillrrs all round, and in the fides are ceils for thofe that live a nionailic life. D d 4 The MED The arcades. around the fqtiare are laid to be magnificent, and are illuminated with a vaft number of lamps, and candlclticks ot gold and filver. In the Kaha is a fingu- Jar relic, the f'.imou' black, (lone, fnid to have been brought from heaven by the Angel Gabiiel, v\hich every Muflulinan muil kil's, or at lc;ift tauch, cveiy time he |»oe*s round the Kaba. Here alio is the Well of Zemzem, laid to have been that where Hagar quenched the thirll of Ifmatl. Lat. 2 1. 45- N. Ion, 40. 55. E. Mechlin, or Malines, a town and diHria of the late Aulkian Brabant. It confilts of feveral .fmall illands, made by artificial canals, over which aie a great many bridges. Here is a very large houfe, in which are brought up 800 or looo young gii Is, and a great foundry for ord- nance of all kinds. It is famous for it's maniifa<5lures in bed-quilts, thread, and particularly in fine lace, and they brew a fort of beer, which is lent into the neigh- bouring provinces. It is leated on the ri- ver Dyie, 10 miles NNE. of Brulfels. Mecklenburg, a principality of Lower Saxony, including the duchies of Schwerin and Gullro, which are divided into three circles, Mecklenburg, Wen- den, and Stargard. It extends 135 miles in length, and 90 where bioadeft. Jt abounds in corn, paftures, and game ; and is well leated on the Bahic tor foreign trade. The fovereignty of this country is divided between the houl'e of Meck- lenburg Schwerin, which is the eldeft branch, and has a revenue of 300,000 »Ix dollars per annum, anei the houfe of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, whofe reve- nue amounts to about 126,000 rix dol- lars. Mechoachan, or Valladolid, a province of Mexico, on the South Sea. It IS about ipo miles in circumference, and is very rich, abounding in all the necefTa- ries of life. It has alfo mines of fdver and copper, and great plenty of cocoa- nuts, bcfide a great deal of filk. The ca- pital is of the fame name, in lat. 20. 5. N. Ion. 103. 47. W, Meckley, a large province of Jndia, bounded on the N. by AiTam, on the E. by China, on the W. by Bengal, and on the S. by Roftiaan and Burmah, It is fubjcil to the king of Burmah. Mecon. SccMecan. Mecran. See Mackeran. Medborn, Lexefterfhire, S. ot Hallaton. Mttibora, Wilts, near Swindon, Medborn Maud's, Weftmorlandj W^. of Appleby, Medcomh, Dcvonfhire, near Marwood. i)Is4^!ji tshioplhire, SW. of JSridgenorth. MED Medeljn, a town of Spaniih Eftrama- dura, feated on the river Guadiana. , Medelhadia, a maritime province of Sweden, in Norland, N. of the piovinceof Helfmgia. It is full of mountains and forerts, and has only one fea-port, Sundf- wtll, the capital. MEDEiMBLiCK, a town of the United Provinces, in Wv Friefland, feated, on the Ziiyder-Zee, with a good harbour. They trade chiefly in timber brought from the Biltic. It has a houfe belonging to the E. India Company, is 9 miles N. of Hoorn> and 22 NNE. of Amltcrdam. Medfcrd, Dorfeffliire, near Catftock, Medhole, Ille ot Wight, in E. Medina. Medies. See Met.iers. Medina, a city of Hedjas, in Arabia Felix, celebrated for being the burial place of Mahomet, It is of moderate extent, is walled round, and has a large mofque, but nothing like th..' temple at Mecca. In one corner is a place, 14 paces I'quarc, with great windows, and brafs gates, and in tiie middle the tomb of Mahomet, inclofed within iron rails, hung with curtains, and furroundfd by a valf number of lamps. The tomb is not expofed to any, except the 40 eunuchs who guard it, and light the lamps. It is placed between two other tombs, in which reft the afhes of the two firft cailiphs. The llory of it's being fiifpended in the air by a loadftonc is now well known to be a fable, Provi. fions are brought to this place out of Nu- bia, acrofs the Red Sea, in odd fort of veflTels, whofe fails are made of mats. It is called the City of the Prophet, becaufe here he was protected by the inhabitants, when he fled from Mecca ; and here he was firft invefted with regal power. The time of his death was in 637; but the Mahometan epoch begins in 622, from the time of his flight. It is feated on a i'andy plain, abounding in palm-trees, 176 miles NNW. of Mecca, Lat, 24. 20, N, Ion, 39. 33. E, Medina Celi, a town in Old Caftile. Medina DELOS-ToRRES, a town of Spanifh Eltramadura. Medina- del-Campo, a confiderable town of Leon, endowed with great privi- leges. It is a trading place, 26 miles SSW. of Valladolid, and 75 NNW. of Madrid, Medina-del-rio-Secco, a town of Leon, 14 miles NW. of Valladolid. Medina- SiDONiA, a town of Andalu- lia, 20 miles SE. of C^idiz. Mediterranean, the name of the fea between Afia, Africa, and Europe, com- nBunic^ting with th^ oc«an by the Straits of MEG ©f Gibraltar; and with the Black Sea by the Dardanelles, the Sta of Marmora, and the Stiau oF C nftantiiioplc. It's name, fagnining Middle of the Earth, was given to it by the ancients, who were acquainted with little mor^ of the lurfacc of the globe, than the lands which encompafs it. MedUr, Line, in Amoundernefs. Med- ley, High, Yorkf. 5 miles NE. of Wake- field. Medlock, a river in Lane, running into the Irwell, near Manchefter. Medley, Low, Yorkf. between Leeds and Pomfret. Mednam, Bucks, near Great Marlow. Mednik, or Warmic, a town of Po- land, in Samogitia, 60 miles S W. of Mit- tau. . Medua, a town of Algiers, feated in a fertile country, 180 miles SVV. of the city of Algiers. Medway, a river rifing in Surry, In different blanches, which unite In Kent, where it waters Tunbridge, and from Maidftone is navigable to Rocheiter ; be- low which, at Chatham, it is a Ifation for the royal navy. It falls into the Thames at the Nore. From Rochefter Bridge to Sheernels, the diftarce is about 17 miles. In this part of the river, the channel is To deep, the banks fo foft, and the reaches fo fliort, that it is one of the beft and fafeit harbours in the world. The forts of Upnor and Gillingham, erected on oppo- flte fhores of the river, are well turnifhed with cannon, and defend all the fliips which ride between them and the bridge. There is alfo a platform of guns at the Swam, and another at Cockhamwood. But the principal defence of this river is the caftle and works at Sheernels. On the 2iJ of June J 667, the Dutch fquadron failed boldly up to Blackftakes, and 7 of their largcit fhlps went as far as Upnor, where they burnt the London, and feveral other men of war, damaged moft of the fhips with- in reach of their cannon, and carried off" the Royal Charles, a firft rate of 100 guns. Medwi, a town of E. Gothland, 3 miles from Wadftena. It is called the Swedifh Spa, on account of it's waters, which are vitriolic and fulphurtous. The walks and rides in it's environs are plea- fant, particularly on the banks of the Wetter Lake, Medziboz, a town of Volhinia, Po- land, near the fource of the river Bog. Meelick, in Clare, Munfter. Meelick, in Galway, Connaught. Meen, Gloucelterl. in Qu^einton parlfh. Meer, Cornwall, NW. of Stratton, near Beed's-Haven. Meefden, or Mefdon, iiertf. on a hill, NW. of the Pelhams. MfiGARA, a town of Livadia, formerly MEL very large, but now inconfiderablc, being inhabited only by poor Greeks. Here are fome fine remains of antiquity. It is 26 miles NW. of Setines, or Athens. Megara, a town of Africa, in Fez. MEGEN,a town of Dutch Brabant. Megesvar, a town and country of Tranl'ylvania, remarkable for good wines. Megiers, a town of Tranlylvania. Mehran, the name of the principal of the many mouths of the river Indus, near Tatta, in Hindooftan. Mehun-sur-Yevre, an ancient towa In the dept. of Cher. Here are the ruins of an old caftle built by Charles VII. as a place of retirement , where he flarved himfelf to death, in the dread of being poifuned by his fon, the infamous Lewis XI. It is feated on the river Yevre, t miles NW. of Bourges, and 105 S. of Paris. Mehun-sur-Loire, a town in the dept. of Loiret, 6 miles NE. of Beaugency. Meie. a river in Shroprtiire. running into the Severn at Shrewfbury. Meillerie, a village of Chablals, la the dept. of Mont Blanc, ieated on the S. fide of the Lake ot Geneva, in the recel's of a fmall bay, and at the foot of impend- ing mountains. Meissen, a confiderable town of Sax- ony, in Milhla. Here is a famous manu- fafture of porcelain, and a manufaflure of cloth. It is feated on the river Elbe, 14. miles NW. of Drefdcn. Meissen, or Misnia, a margravate of Upper Saxony, about 100 miles in length, and 80 in breadth, united to the ele£lorate of Saxony. It is divided into iive circles, viz. MeifTen, Leipfick, Ertzgeburg, Voigt- land, and Neuiladt, including the founda- tions of Wurzen, Merfeburg, and Naiim- burg Zeltz. It is a very fine country, well fupplied with water, and producing corn and wine ; and in their hills are rich mines. The Inhabitants are polite, hof- pitable, and f'peak the pureft language in Germany. The capital town is MeifTen. Melazzo, an ancient town of Natolia, Melazzo, a fea-port of Sicily. Melborn, Camb. N. of Royiton. Mel^ horn, DerbyC. near Kegworth. Melborn^ Yorkf. E. Riding, near Thornton. Mel- bury, Melbury Abbots, Melbury Btibb, Mel- hury Eajl, Melbury Ofmond, or Lower Melbury, and Melbury Sarr/J'ord,!^\\ In Dor- fetf. Melckborn, 8 m'lles NW. of Bedford. Melck, a fmali old town of Aulfria. Melcomb Bingham, and Melcomh Horfey ^ Dorfetfhire, NW. of Chefilhourne. MeUombe-Regis, in Mayo, Connaught. Melcomb-Regis, a town of Dorfet- J (hire, MEL fiiire, at the moutli of the river Wey, and jtiiKti lo Weymouth by a timber bridge, which was ercdUcI in 177°) and has a dnwbiidge in the middle, to admit the pairagc of rtiips into the weitern put of the harbour. It is 3 miles SW. of Dn- chcfler, and i?9 W.-W. of London. Markets on Tiuiday and Friday. Melcrith, or McLrig, Northumb. near Beltingham and Chelter on the Wall. Meldola, a town in Ronnagna. MtLDERT, a town of the late Auftrian Urabant, 8 miles S. of Louvain. MeLlon, Northumb. SW. of Morpeth. Meldorp, a fea-port ot" Danifh Hoi- ftein. Mddrith, Cambridgef. near Foulmere. Meleda, an ifland of Ragufa, in the Adriatic, 15 miles in length, and 4. in breadth. It is fuppoled by many to be the ifland where St. Paul landed, in his voyage to Rome, and where he was bitten by a viper. MelciideJer, or Melendydef, a river in D^nbiglifhire, running into the Conway. Melfi, a town of B ifdicata, Naples. Melford, Long, Sulfoik, a large, wtll- bnilt village, near Stour river, bctwetn V late and Sudbury, MELGASSO,a town of Douro, Portugal. MCLILLA, a town of Fez, fubjeft to the Spaniards. Melin'Da, a kingdom of Africa, on the coait of Zanguebar. The capital town is of the rune name, and ftated at the mouth of the river Quilmanci, in an agreeable plain. It is a large, populous, place, in which the Fortuguefe have 17 cluHThts and 9 convents. They have warehcules well provided with European goods, which they exchange for gold, flaves, elephants' teeth, oftrich feathers, wax. aloes, fena, and other drugs. The country produces plenty of rice, fugar, cocoa-nuts, and other tropical fruits. It is furrounded on all fides by fine gardens, and has a good harbour ; but the entrance 13 very dangerous, on account of the great rurr.ber of /hoals and rocks hid under wa- ter. The inhabitants confift of Chriftians and negroes, which lall have their own king and religion, and the number of both is laid to amount to 200,000. Lat. 3. 10. S. Ion. 39. 40. E. Melitello, a town in the Val-di- Noto, Sicily. Melito, a town of Naples. *Melksham, a town of Wilts, on the road between Devizes and Bath, 96 miles W. of London. Fine broad cloths are jT.anufaftured here. Market on Saturday. Mellans, St. Monm. NE. of Cardilf. M E L MtLLE, a town of Ofnahurg. Melle, a town in the dept. of the Two Sevres, 13 miles S. of St. M,«ixent. Mcller, Derby f. in GiofTop parifh, near the High Peak. Melks, Suffolk, near Bud- delHale. MiV/^j, Suffolk, near Blythford and Halefworth. Melles, Chefhire, near High Lake. Mellichap, Shropfiiire, N. of Munl- I0.V. Melliitg, Lane, near Hornby Caftle. Mellingen, a town of Weimar, Up- per Saxony. Mellingtoit, Lancafhire, S. of Ormfkirk. Mellhi's-HouJ'e, St, Cornw. NW.of Saltafh. Mel/is, Somerletl'. z miles W. of Frome. McUor, Lane, in Blackburn parifh. MeU merhj, Cumb. SE.of H'Trcet. Mehnerby, Yorkf. near Newby. Melmerhy, Yorkf. on t'lc rivei- Cover, S. of Midlam. Melnik, a town of B^dcflau, Bohemia. Melock, Cornwall, NE. of Bottreaux- Caftle. Mdough, River, in Down, Ulfter. Meloue, a town of Upper Egypt. M.ljla/J}, Dorlctfhire, near Beminlfer. Mdplujb, E. and IV. a mile SE. of Ne- ther by. Melross, a town of Roxburghfhirf, dole by which are the magnificent re- mains of Melrols Abbey, the tineft of any in Scotland, founded in J 136, by David T. Part of it is at prelcnt ufed for public worfhip. In 1791, 123a pieces of linen cioth were whitened here. Melrofs is feated on the Tweed, i8 miles SE. of Edinburgh. MELRiscHTADT,a town and bailiwick of Wurtzburg, Franconia. Melfoidy, Yorfliire, NE. of Richmond. Melta, a river in Brecknockftiire. Meltan^ Suffolk, near Woodhridge. Meltoti Yorkf. near Hull. Melton Conjlahle, Norfolk, SW. of Holt. Melton Rojj'e, Line, near Great and Little Lymberg'.i. Melton, Wefty Yorkf. W. of Mclton-onthe-HiU. Mel- ton. Magna and Piirva, Norfolk, NE. of Windham. Melton an-tkt-Hill, Yoikfh'ne, 3 miles from Lancifiei-. *Melton Mowbray, a town of Lei- ceflerlhire, ieated on the river Eye, over which are two handlbme ftone bridges. The houles are well built. It is a large town, with a confiderable market for cattle, provifions, Sec. It is i 5 miles S. by E. of Nottingham, and 106 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market on Tuclday. Fairs the firll Tuefday after January 17th j Whit- fun Tuefday ; and Augulf ziff. Mel-z'erlej, Shropfliire, near Shiawerden- Caifle. Melun, a town in the dept. of Seine and Marne, 10 miles N. of Fontainbleau. Mciv:ood-Park, Line, in Axholm J fie. Mt.'.JBRILLO, MEN Membrillo, ri town of Spanlfli Eftra- madura, 14 miles S. of Alcaiuaia. Membury, Devor.fliire, SVV. of Chnnl. Mhmel, a town of Pniina, in Lithua- nia, with the finelt harbour in the Baltic, and a very extenfive commerce ; hut it is an ill built town, wlthnarrow, dirty l^reets. It is fcated on the N. extremity of the Curifch HafF, nn inlet of the fea, 72 milrs NNE. of Koninglburg. Lat. 55. 46. N. Ion. zi. 28. E. Memland, Devonfliire, near Plymouth. Memmingkn, 3 free town of Sunbia. Memfled, Hants, in the New Forelf. Menageffey, Cornwall, SW. of Fowey. Menan, a large river of Siam, which runs through it from N. to S. pafTes by the city of Siam, a-.".;l falls into the Gulf of Siam below Bank^'k. Tline are leve- ral fiiiC'iilar fiflies in it, befide crocodiles, which aie common in thefe parts. Menancabo, a town and fmall king- dom of Sui.iatra, on the SW. coaft, oppo. fite the Ille of Naflau. hUnch'inot., in Cornwall. Mende, a i:cpulous town, capital of the dept. of Lozere. The fountains, and one of the fteeples of the cathedral, are re- markable. It has manufaflures of ferges and other woolkn (luffs ; and is 35- miles SS W. of Puy, and 2 1 S. by E. of Paris. M^«(i/j«/«, Suffolk, I mile from Harlelton. Mendip Hills, in old records called MoiNEDROP, a lofty, mineral traft, ftretching from E. to W. and from N. lo S. of Somerfetniire, and abounding in coal, lead, and lapis calaminaris. The lead is of a harder quality than that of Deiby- ftire, and is moifly ufed for making bul- lets, fliot, &c. The lapis calaminaris is carried to Briftol, SiC. to be ufed in the making of brafs. Copper, mangenefe, bole, and red ochre, arc aUb found in thefe hills. On their fummiis are vait heaths, covered with fern, in which are Ibme fwampy flats, dangerous to crofs. Mendlesham, a town of Suffolk, 18 miles E. of Bury, and 82 NE. of London. Market on Tuefday. MENDOZAlSLANDS.SeeMARQUESAS. Mendrah, a province and town of Fezzan, 60 miles 8. of Mourzouk. The quantity of trona, a fpecies of fofCl alkali, that floats on the furface, or fettles on the banks of it's numeroi.s fmoking lakes, has given a higher importance to this bar- ren country than that of the nioft fertile diftrifts. The trona is conveyed to Tri- poli, and (hipped off for Tunis, Turkey, and particularly Morocco, where it is em- ployed in the red dye of tlie leather, for which thsy aic lb faniouii. M E Q Mcnebiliy, Cornwall, between Foy and Trewardreih Bay. MsNEHOULD, St. a confiderable town in the dept. of Marne, featcd on the river Aifiie, 20 miles NE. of Chalons, and no E. of Paris. Mc.'ikijiuid; or Menkeniock, Cornwall, NW. of Launctfton. Mi-Nis, a firongly fortified town of Flanders, iVated on the river Lis, 10 miles N. of Lifle. Me/ilough, in Giiway, Connanght. Mcv.p.on, Yorki'. nearOtley. Menthsrpt Yorkf. SVV. of New Mai ton. Mcntmore, Bucks, NE. of j'Kylefbury. Menton, a town of Monaco, in Italy, with a caffle, 5 miles NE. of Monaco. -< Mentz, a conliderable city in the circle of the Lower Rhine, capital of the elttrlo- rate of Mentz, with an univerhty, and an archbifhop's fee. The archbilhop is an eleci;.r of the empire, archchauc<}llor of tlie empire, keeper of the archives, and dit\;c- lor ot the general and particular alfem- blies. Ke ahb convokes the cledoral col- leges, and is the fii (I (late of the empire, . after the emperor and king. The chapter confiifs of 5 prelates ami 19 capitulars. This city is finely (ituated, built in an ir- regular manner, and plentifully provided with churches. The cathedral is a gloomy- fabric. Here are manufa.ilures of Itock- ings and (tuffs. Many of the public buildings, and private houfes, have been deltroyed, or greatly injured, during the late fieges. Mentz is feated on the Khine, over which is a bridge ot boats connnuni- cating with Caffel. It is 20 miles N. of Worms. Lat. 49. 59. N. Ion. S. 20. E. Mentz, The Archbisopiuck: of, a country of Germany, in the circle o^ the Lower Rhine, and lying upon that river. It is about 50 miles in length, and 20 in breadth, very fertile. Belide this archhi- fhoprick, the eleAor of Mentj is fovereigw , of the country of Eichsfeld, Eisfeld, or Eifeld ; and alio of the city and ternitory of Erfort. Meohs, Chefliire, near Hyle Lake. Mcc- phafn, Kent, 4. miles S. of Gravel'end. Mepal, Cambridgefliire, in the Ille of Ely. Meppen, a town of Munlter, WelU phalia. Mepjball, Bedfordlhire, 4. miles from BiggltlWade. Mequinenza, a town of Arraf^on, feated at the confluence of the rivers Ebro and Segra, 16 miles SSW. of Lerida. Meq^inez, a cityof Fex, in Morocco, 26 miles SW. of Fez, the rcfideuce of the tmperor, and the capital of the whole em- pire. Hitlicr the balhaws and alcayds re- Ibit M E R r*fort with the tribute ami prefeiits every two or three years. In the middle of the city the Jews have a place to thcmfclves, waliid in and guarded, with an alcayd to protcft ihein. It is death for them to curie, or lift up a hand again ft a Moor, infonnich that the hoys kick them about at their pk-anire. They are obliged to wear black clothes and caps, and to pull off their fliofs whenever they pafs by a mofipie. dole by Mcquinez, on the NW, fide, ftands a large negro town, whic'i takes up as much ground as the city, but the houles are not fo high, nor lo Well built. The inhabitants are all blacks, or of a dark tawny colour; and t.ience the emperor recruits the li-ldiers for his court. The palace ftands on the S. lide, and is guarded by fevcral hundreds of black eunuchs, who aic armed with knives and fcimitcrs, covered with wrought lilvcr. The ftreets are exceedingly nar- row, with hardly any of the windows to be feen, except little holes to look out at. The houfes are flat at the top j To that, in many places, they can walk a great way upon them. The women live in the up- per apartments, and often vifit each other froai the tops of the houfes. When thefe go abroad, they have their heads covered with their outward garment, which comes down clofe to their eyes ; and underneath they tie a piece of white cloth, to hide the lower part of their faces. They are quite covered all over, except their legs, which are generally naked ; but within doors they appear in their hair, and have only a fingle fiUet over their foreheads. Here, as well as at Morocco, is a convent of Spanifti Recollefts, for the benefit of Chriftian captives, the fathers of both which, fupply the poor with medicines gratis. Lat. 33. 56. N. Ion. 6. 5. W. Mer, or Menars, a town in the dept. of Loir and Cher, 10 miles NE. of Blois. Meran, a town of the Tirol. , Merazion, or Market Jew, atown in Cornwall, feared on a dangerous arm of the Tea, called Mount's B.iy, 3 miles K. of Penzance, and 283 W. by S. of London. Market on Tiuirlday. Merden, Wilts, 2 miles NW. of Up- haven. Merden, E. fF. N. and Upper, SufFex, on the borders of Hants. Merden, Little, Bucks, NW. of Aykftjury. Mer- den, or Meriden, NW. of Hertford. Merdin, a town of Aha, in Diarbeck, fubjefV to the Turks, who have a baftiaw here, with 200 fpihis and 500 janizaries. It is 50 miles S. of Diarbtkir. Merdisfen, Northumb. in the manor of Eland. Mere, Ciief. near Knottesford. M E R Mere, Somerf. near Pen. Mere, Staff", at the head of the river Tern. Mere, De- von(hiie, NE, of Tiverton. MhRE, a town of Wiltfhire, 28 miles NW. of SaliftMiry, and 100 W. by S. of Londun. Market on Tuefday. Mere-Booth, Line. NW. of TatterfliaJ. Mere-Hofpital, S. cf Lincoln. Mere- Houfe, Yorkf. NE. of Barne/ley. Mere- Land, Line, near Somerton Caftle. MtRECZ, a town of Troki, Lithmnla. Mere-jjorth, Kent, between Hadlow and Maidftone. Merfleet, Yorkf. near Headon. Meriam Court, Kent, near Maidftone, Merge NTH EiM. See Marge ntheim, Merida, a town of Spanifh Eftrama- dura, built by the Romans before the Chriftian era, and called Augujla Emerita. Here are fine remains of antiquity, paiti- culaily a triumphal arch. It is leated oh the Guadiana, iz miles E. of Badajox. Merida, a town of Mexico, capital of Yucatan, aGout 40 miles S. of the Gulf of Mexico, and 130 NE. of Campeachy. Merida, a town or Teira Firma, ca- pital cf a dilhifl called Merida, or Grillaj bordering on the province of Venezuela. It is feated in a country abounding with fruits, 130 miles NE. of Pampeluna. Meriden, or Mircden, Warw. near Co- ventry. Merill-Grange. Leic. near Worth- ington. Merin, Cornwall, near Padftow. Meringtcn-Kirk, Durham, near Bifhop's- Auckland. Mering, Nottinghamfhire, near Grellhorp. Merionethshire, a county of N. Wales, bounded on the N. by Carnarvon- fhire and Denbighfhire ; on the E. by the latter cousty, and that of Montgomery j on the S. by Montgoinery and a Imall part of Cardiganfiiire ; and on the W. by the Irifti Channel. It extends 36 miles from N. to S. and is 34. vvide in it's broadeft part. The foil is as bad as any in Wales, being very reeky and mountainous ; how- ever, large flocks of (heep and goats, and large herds of horned cattle, find pretty good pafture in the valleys. The face of the country is awfully and aftonifliingly romantic, and it is well clothed with wood. The principal rivers are the Dee and Dovy ; and it has a great mountain, the Cader Idris, one of the higheft iR Wales. Meriontthftiire contains 5 hund- reds, 5 market-towns, 37 parifties, 2590 houlcs, and -17,100 inhabitants. Hariech is the capital. Meriton, Shropfliire, near Albrigh- ton. Meritz, or Merrick, a fortrefs and city of Vifiapour, in Uindooftan, fitu»ted «a M E R on the N. b?.nk of the Kiftna, fo miles SW. of Vifiapour. Merk, a river which rifes in Aiiftrian Brabant, and running N. by Breda, af- terward turns W. and joins the Meut'e by two channels, E. of the Ifiand of Over- flackee, in Holland. Merkes, Yorkf. N. Riding-, near Skel- ton. Merlafid, and Merland-Peters, De- vonf. in Padftow parifli. Mernfisld, So- merf. NW. ofllminfter. Mero, a town of Pegu, near the SW. coalf. MEROtJ, a town of Korafan, in Perfia, in a fertile country, which produ:cs fait. Merriol, Nottingh. in Elkelfey parifh. Merriot, Somerf. SE. of Ilminller. Mer- rg-Lv, Surry, between Guilford and Clan- don. Mers. Sse Berwickshire. Mersburg, a town and principality ef Upper Saxony. Mersey, a riverof England, the boun- dary between Chefliire and Lancafliire. Above Stockport, it receives the Tame j lower down, the Irwell j and pafTir.g by Warrington, &c. enters the Irifh Sea be- low Liverpool. This river net only af- fords falmon, but is vifited annually by Ihoals of fmclts, here called fparlings, of a remarkable fize and flavour. Merjey-ljland, EfTex, at the mouth of the Coin, S. of Colchefter. Merjh, Ifle t^f Wight, in W. Medina. Merfhall, Berks, SW. of Newbury. Mer'/ham^ Kent, SE, of Afhford. MerPiarn Hache, or Huttoii, Kent, SW. of Mer/ham. Merspurg, a town of Conlfance, in Suahia. Merjlon, Bucks, S. of Winflow. Mer- J^on, Line. NW. of Grantham. Merjlon, K^nt, near Upnor-Caftle. Merfton, Norf. W. of Clay. Merjion, Sulfex, SE. of Chichefter. Merjlon, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Merjion, Warw. near Lea. Merjlon-Bigot, Somerfetlh. S. of Frome. Merfion-Broad, Somerf. near Queen- Ca- mel. Merjion-Butters, Warw. SW. of Kineton. Merfton -Ctily, Warwickf. near" Sheldon. Merfton-Jahet, Warwickf. NW. of Wolvey. Merjlon, or Marjhn, Long, Herts, in the parifh of Tring. Mtrjlcn- Meafy, Will's, on the borders of Glcucef. Merjion-Pricrs, Warw, in the pHrifli of Hirdwick - Priors. Merjlon - IVeauers, Warwickf. in Church-Bickenhill parifti. MerJh.uorih, Bucks, near Ivingo. Mer- tber, Corhtvall, SE. of Truro. Merther- Dervja, Cornwall, E. of St. Ives Bay. Merthern, Cornwall, NW. of Heiford- Haven. Merther-Uni, Cornwall, NE. of Hellton. U E S Mertola, a town of Alentejo. Mer ton, or Martin, near Oxford. Mer. ton, Surry, on the river Wandle, i mile from Tooting. Merton, Lij;c. W. of Tatterfhal-Cliace. Merton, Devonf. near Mcrland. Merve, the N. outlet of the river Maefe, on which Rotterdam is feated. Merville, a town in the dept. of the North, feated on the river Lis, 24 miles SW. of Menin. Mesa DE-AsTA, formerly a town in Andalufia, now a heap of ruins. Mesched, a city of Korafan, Perfia; famous ff)r the magnificent fepulchre of Rifa, an i-riai), of the family of Ali, to which the Perlian devotees refort. It has a manufaftcry of beautiful pottery, and of Ikins, and is feated on a mountain, in which are found fine Turkey ftones, 190 miles NNW. of Herat. Lat. 37. 12. N, Ion. 57. zo. E. Meschehed-Ali. See Mexat Alt. Meschehed-Hussain. SccMexat- OCEM. Mesembria, a town of Romania. Mesen, a fea-port, diftrift, and river of Ruflia, in the province of Archangel, Mejh'w, Devonl'. S. of S. Moulton. Meskirk, a town of Furftenburg, in Suabia. Messa, a town of Morocco, feated at the foot of Mount Atlas, near the ocean, 165 miles SW. of Morocco. Messin'a, a city of Sicily, about five reiles in circumfeience, with four large fuburbs. The public buildings and mo- nafteries, which are very numerous, are magnificent, and well endowed, and it contains about 20,000 inhabitants.. The harbour, whofe quay is above a mile in length, is one of the fafelt in the Medi- terranean, and in the form of a half moon. It is five miles in circumference, extreme- ly deep, and defended by a citadel and other works. Tiie viceroy of Sicily re- fides here fix months in the year j and it is a place of great trade in fiik, oil, fi u\t, corn, and excellent wine, elpecially fince it has been declared a free port. This place, in 1783, fuffered much by an earth- quake, which (hook great part of Calabria and Sicily to their foundations, overturn- ed many rich and populous towns, and bu- ried thoufands in their ruin«. It is leated on the fea. fide, 104. milei F. of Palermo. Lat. 38. 10. N. Ion. 15. 50. E. Meffing, Elfex, SW. of C'jlchefter. Mejl'.ny^ham, Line, near ButterwofHu Mejiham, Surry, near Ryegate. MhaTRE, a town in the Trevifan, Italy. .Mesurata, M !•: u MrsURATA, a fea-port of Tripoli, ami itlidencc ot a goveiiiorj caravans U-i- vcl from hence into tlic interiur parts ot Africa : 75 tniks KSE. ot Tripoli. Mijyharnpton, Glouc. near F.iirtord. MertLiN, an illaml of the Aiciiipcb- go, anciently called Letbos, NNE. of ^cio. The foil is very good, and tlie momnains arc cool, being covered with «voq Irac-Arabia, which takes it's name from a mofque dedicated to Ocem, the fon of Ali. It is feateJ on a canal, which com- municates with the river Euphrates, 75 miles SSW. of Bagdad. Mexborough, Yorkf. N. of Rotheram, Mexicano, or Adayes, a river of Loulfjana, which falls into the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico, a city of N. America, capi- tal of the province of that name. It was a fiaurirtiing place before the Spaniards entered the country, and is feated on fe- veral iflands, in a lalt-water lake, to which there is no entrance, but by five caufeways, three of which are about two miles in length. It for.meily contained 80,000 houfcs, v.'lth feveral large temples, full of rich idols, and three palaces, where the emperpr of Alexico refided. Mexico was taken by Feidinando Cortez, In 1521, after a liege of three months. As the Mexicans defended themfelves from llreet to ilreet, it was almolt ruined, but after- ward rebuilt by the Spaniards. It novr contains about 3 5,o;o houfes, built of ftone and biick, with a fuburh of 3000 houfes, inhabited by the native Ameri- cans, 29 churches, and iz monafteries and nimrieries. It Is the ul'ual refidence of the viceroy, whofe employment conti- nues 3 years, and has a royal audience, an univerfjty, and the tribunal of the in- quifition. AH the ttreets are flraight, and exactly djipoied in point of regularity, and M E X snd it is remarkable for having neither gates, walls, noi- aitilkry, Thtr revenue ot the cathedral amounts to nearly So, cool. a year, out ot which the archbiftiop re- ceives annually 15,000!. befKles valt hims that arile by perquilltcs. T4ie inliabit- ants are inimenrely wealthy, and a vaft abundance ot lilver, gold, and jewels, is txpoi'ed in plate and toys in the llietts, by the goldl'niiths and fl'.opkeepers. Mexico enjoys a prodigious comi^uerce, being the centre of all ihe trade carried en between Spanifti America and Europe, and SpaniPa America and the E. Indies, An incrrdi- ble number of horfes and mults is em- ployed in traniporting goods fjoin Aca- pulco to Vera Cruz, and fiom Vera Ciuz to Acapulco. Hither .ill the gold and lil- ver is brought to he coined ; here tlie king's fifih is depolited ; and all that im- menle quantity ot plate wrought which is annually lent to Europe. This place was overflowed by an inundation in Oftober, 1629, in which 4.0,000 perlons were drowned. This obliged the Sjianiards to make a great conduit through a mountain, in order to empty the lake; which being done, part of the town became feated en dry land. Mexico is fupplicd with fitin water by an aqucduft of three miles in length. The Spaniards do not make a tenth part of the inhabitants, the others being negroes, mulattoes, native Ameri- cans, and a mixture of them all. It is J 30 miles W. by N. of Vera Cruz, and 250 NE. by N. of Acapulco. Lat. 19. 54.. N. Ion. 100. o. W. Mexico, or New Spain, 3 country of N. America, including, in it's largcit fenl'e, all that extenlive peninfula fituated between Louifianaand unknown countries on the N. and Terra Firma, in S. Ame- rica, on the S. but the audience of Mexi- co contains only the provinces of Msxico Proper, Mechoacan, Guafteca, Tl.ii'cala, Guaxaca, Tabafco, and Yucatan. It is waftied on the E. by the x'itlaHtic Ocean ; and on the S. and W. by the S. Sea, and. is above 2000 miles in length, and h\;m % miles from Sherborn in Dorfetfhire. Milhorn, St. Andrew's, Dorferfh. near Blandford. Milhr/i-Stiham, Dorfeti; W. of Bere. MUbor/fiStoke, Shropihire, near JBrown-Clee-HllJ. Milbrcok, Bedf. near Ampthill. Milhrook^ or Mfloch, Cornw. W. of Plymouth-Haven, ha» a good fifh- ing trade, MiPjrcok, Hants, near South- annpton, Millmrn, Warw. npir Stonely. Mtlkurne, Weftm, in the parifl) of Kirby. 'i'hore. M/Zy, Vorki'. N. Riding, be- M I L tween Aldborough and Catterlck. Wil- comb, Oxfordf. near Deddington, Mil- cotfy Warw. in the parirti of We(lon-up- on Avon, in Gloucefterfliire. Mikotton, Northamp. near Addinglon. Milcourt, Hants, NE. of Alton. MiLDENflALL, a large and populous town in Suffolk, feated on the river Laik, 12 miles NW. of Bury, and 69 NNE. of London. Market on Friday. Mildi/ig, Suffolk, between Lavenham and Lindlcy. Mile End, Middlefex, a hamlet to Stepney. MiU-Eu.i, Eflex, near Colcheftcr. Mileham, Norfolk, NW. of Eaft Dereham. Miler, Cornwall, near Penryn. MiLETO, a town of Calabria Ultra. Miljicld, Northumb. near Brankelton, once the reiidcnce of the Saxon kings of Bernicia. Milford, Hants, SW.of Lym- ington. MilforJ, Heits, near the Hor- meads and Pdhams. Miljhrd, Wilts, neai Salifbury. Milford, Shropdiire, NW, of Shrcwibury. Milford, Surry, S. of God- almin. Milford, N. and S. Yorkf. near Tadcafter and Slierborn, Mi ford, in Cork, Munfter. Milford, a town of N. America, in the rtate of Delaware, v.nd county of Suliex, of which it is the empcilum. It is fitu- ated 15 miles from the Bay of Delaware, and T50 S. of Philadelphia. Mii.FORn-HAVEN, a deep inlet of thtf Irilh Sra, on the coalt of Pembroke/hire, univerlallv allowed to be the btfl harbour in Great Britain, and as fafc and fpacious as any in Europe- It has 16 deep and fafc creeks, 5 bays, and 3 roads, ail dif- tinguiflied by their feveral names, in which 1000 tail of ftiips may ride in perfeft fe» curity, and at fuScient dillantp from each other. There is no danger in lailing in or out with the tide, by day or night, from whatever point the wind may happen to blow ; and if a fliip in diftrefs comes in, without either anchor or cable, fhe may run on fhore on foft oolc, and there lie in fafety till /he is refitted. In the reign of Qneen Elizabeth, 2 forts were begun at the entrance of the haven, i on each fide, called Nangie and Dale Blockhoufes, but they were not finillied. In the mid- dle of the entrance between Nangie and Dale, the Stack Rock rifes above water. The breadth of the entrance, between rocJc and rock, is hut 100 yards ?.t high watcr» and IX* at low water. One great advan- tage attending this harbour is, that a fhvp may be in or out of it in an hour's time, and may get out to the W. much fooner than trom either Plymouth or Falmouth, Ti-; parliament, on April 14th, i75<>» M I L granted 10,000). for fortifying this har- bour, all of which was expended on the fort at Neyland, which, however, ftill re- mains unfiniOied. Milgate, Kent, near Maidftone. Mii.iANE, a town of Tremefen, in Af- rica, feated in a country fertile in oranges, citrons, and other fruits, the beft in Bar- bary. MUkbourn, a river in Northumb. Milk- houfe, Kent, near Cranbrook. Milkin- thorp, Weltmorl. near Whitfield-Foieft. Milkley, Herts, near Piickeridge. MUl, Devoiil'. near Witheridge. MxLHAU, a town in the dept. of Avei- ron, leated on the river Tarn, 50 miles NW. of Montpellier, and 14.1 S. of Paris. MilUixto-cun, in Louth, Leinfter. Mill-E>id, Goucelterf. in Nibly parifli. Mill-End, Bucks, in Hambledon pari/h. Mill-Hall, Kent, near Aylsford. Mill- Hilly Middlefex, in Hendon pari/h. Mill- Houfe, Chefti. W. of Macclesfield. Mill- Houfe, D.rbyf. in the High Peak. Mill- Houfej, Durham, SE. ot Stanhope. M/7- ler'' S.Green, Berks, near Windlbr-Forelt. Millington, Che/liiie, NW. of Knottes- ford. M;///«^/o;j, Yoiklhire, near Pock- , lington. . Mill-ljles, a group of rocks, 1 miles S. of Donaghadee, in Down, Ulfler. Millplace, Siiffex, near E. Grinftead. Millpool, Chefliire, E. of Naiiiptwich. MillRoxv, Lancaf. near RochedaJe. *MiLLSTREET, a fmall town of Cork, In Munfter, where fome manufactures of linen have been introduced, 136 miles SVV. of Dublin. Mill-Thorp, Nott. in Cokeney parifh, Milltoivn, Derby f. NW. of Aifreton. *MiLLTo\VN, a town of Kerry, in Munfter, i 52 miles from Dublin. Milltoiun, a village in Dublin, Lein- fter, 2 miles from the metropolis. *MiLLTOvvN, atownof Weft Meath, in Leinfter. MiLLUM, Cumb. the moft fouthern manor in the county, lying between the Dudden and the Elk, thinly peopled. Market difcontinued. Milly-Chapel, Shropf. NW. of Brown- Clee-HiU. MiLo, an iftand of the Archipelago, about 50 miles in circumference, with one of the beft and largeft harbours in the Mediterranean. All it's produiStions are of incomparable excellence. The earth, conitantly heated by I'ubterraneous fires, produces, almoft without intermidion, wheat, barley, cotton, exquiilte wines, and delicious melons. The cattle, efpecially goats, are very good, ajid here are mines M I L of Iron and fulphur. In the fprlng, the fields are enamelled with anemonies of all forts. The inhabitants, who are all Greeks, except the cadi, are good failors. A fort of plumous alum is found here, in laige lumps, compofed of threads as fine as the fofteft filk, filvered over, and fliin- ingvery prettily; it has the fame talle as rock alum. Here is a waiwode, who is a Greek, and 3 confuls, who can depole the cadi when he fails in his dutv; here are likewife 2 bifhops ; one of the Greek, and the other of the Latin church. There is a town of the fame name, in the eafterri part of the idand, which is a poor dirty place. The whole ifland, which in the timeof Tournefort, in 1700, had upwards of 20,000 inhabitants, from the peltilencc, and the oppreflion of the Turks, does not now contain above 700. Lat. 36. 41. N, Ion. 25. 6. E. Miljied, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Mil- fton, Wiltftiire, on the Avon, N. of Ani- brtfbury. MiLTENBERc, a town of Mentz. Milthorp, Line. SE. of Fokingham. Miltborp. See Ken. Milton, an ancient town in D,)rfet- fliirc, chiefly noted for it's abbey, now in ruins, built by King Athelftan. It is 14. miles NE. of Dorchefter, and 112 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuelday. Milton, a town in K;nf, feated on a branch of tke Medway, near the Ille of Sheppy, is of great note for it's <=xcellcnt oyfters. It is 14. miles NE. of Maidftone, and 41 E. of London. M irket on Sat. Milton, a town in Kent, i mile E. of Gravefend, but incorporated with it. Here is a blockhoufe and platform for the defence of this town and Gravefend, and the command of the river. Milton, Berks, S. of Abingdon. Mil- ton, Bucks, near Newport. Milton, 3 miles N. of Cambridge. Milton, Derbyf. NE. of Reppmgton. MzY^ok. Devon f, be- tween Hope-Key and Dodbrook. Milton, Dorfetf. N. of Gillingham. Milton, H''eftf Djiietf. N. of Bridport. Milton, Hants, between Lymingtcn and Chriftchurch. Milton^ Heref. on tlie Arrow, near Pem- bridge. Milton, Kent, near the Stour, a mile and ahalf SW. of Canteibury. Mil- ton, Nortliamp. near Peterborough. Mil- ton. SW. of Northampton. Milton, Oxf. S. of Banbury. Miho.'/, Oxf. between Adderbury and IJloxham. Milton, Snny, nearEgham. Milton, Surry, in Datking^ parifh. Milton, Wilts, five mik-s S. of M.iilborougli, Milioti, Upper und Nether , Oxf. W. of Wichwood Foieft. Milton^ Upper and Nether^ Shropfliire, beyond E e 1 JJrulgtnorth^ M I N Rridgenorth, bordering on StafForclftiic Mt/ton, Uf'f^cr nn(\ I'lether, Someii. NVV. ot Biiiton. Millnn, Upper nnd Nether, Sonierfetr. VV. ot (^i.cii Camel. Mikcn- Jl'hots, Devoiilli. lic.ii lircii'or. i\,iUon- Brinn, iktlfoidfli. near Wobnrn-Abbey. Milton-Dnmerell. Devonf, NW. of Pad- ftow. Milton-End, Gloiic. i)t:ir Arling- him. Mtltnn Br/itji, 4 miles, irom Bcd- foid, near the Oiilc. Milton, Great and Little, Oxfordr. near Tame. M;//o«, alias MidMeton Hell, ElUx, near Prittlcwrll. It is an exctlient nui Itiy for oyliTS, which are brought hilher fniali, and Ipread about vith a (hovel, till they come of a pumper grovvtli. Miiuerton, Sxnneif. near Wi- velfcomb, 13 miles E. ot Dulvertcn. Miltcnvn-Mallyay, in Clare, Munfter. Milto-:vn-F,}fs,[n Rr>rcommon Connaught. RIdverton, Warvv'. on the SE. fide of the Avon, bekiw Guy's Clilf. Milnvich, Staff. E. of Stcne. Minurre, a river in Herts. Mifns-Hall, Middl. NE. of Sontb Mims. Mims, North, Herts, two milts from Hatfield. Mimt, South, Middlefex, 2 miles from North Mims, in the molt northern angle of the connty. Minching- ion Hall, Middlefex, near Si.uthcate. Mindanao, one of the Philippine Illands, and next to Liiconia in point of f;ze, being iSo, miles in length and 120 in breadth. It is gencrallv a mcuntainous countiy, full of hilU and valleys ; but the mould is deep, Mack, and fruitfuL There are many iotty trees of kinds not known in Europe, and the valleys are well waicr- td with rivulets. The iniiabitants hnd very gooil gokl, by digging (ieep into the ground, as alio in the rivers, making trenches before the floods. The libhy- trees prtduce the fago, of which, wl-.en reduced into meal, the poor people make bread and bilcuits. H^re are all the va- rious ibrts of fruits proper to the climate, bjfide plenty ot rice. The cinnamon-tree grows here on the nusuntaiiis, without culture, and has no owner but Kim that iinds it. They have horles, beeves, buf- faloes, goats, deer, nionktrys, guanoes, b.-'ts of a large fize, lizards, and makes j but they have neither lions nor tigers. Their hogs are <^cco»inted very ugly crea- tures, and they have all great knobs grow- ing over their eyes; however, their fitfh is Iweet. Their fowls are, ducks, hens, pigeons, parrots, parroquets, and ti.>nle- doves, bt.fide many I'mali birds. The air is temperate, they having iea-hreezes by day, and cooling laral-winds at night. The inhabitants are of a mean, low'fta- turc, with Imall limbs, and little heads. Thsy havs flat foreheads, black liiull M I N eyes, fliort low nofes, and pretty large- mouths. Their luir is black and ftraight, and their complexion tawny, but more in- clineil to yellow than that of other Indians, The chief trades are goldimiilis, black- fmiths, and carpenters, and they can build pretty good vedels for the lea. Pol)gaiT»y is prailiied here, The fultan has a queen, befide lo other women, and many of the men have feveral wives ; for their religion is Mahometanifm. Their houfes are built on ports, from 14. to 20 feet high; and they have ladders to go up out of the itreets. They have but one floor, which- is divided into feveral rooms, and the roofs are covered with palmetto leaves. The principal town, of the fame name, !» pretty large, aiul is featid on the ealtern coart. MiNDELHEiM, a town and fmali terri- tory of Suabia. NIiNDEN, a confiderable trading town ol Wellphalia, with a territory of the fame name, fubjefl to Pru/Tia. On a heath, near this town, Prince Ftidinand of Brunfwick defeated the French MarftiaJ C'ontades, in 1759. It is featw^d on the river Wefcr, and is 57 miles SW. of Hanover. MiNDORO. an ifland in the Ei'.ftern Ocean, one of the Philippines, 150 miles in circuniftrence, and fcparated from Lu- conia by a channel 18 miles over. It is full of mountains, which abound in palm- trees, cocoa-trees, various forts of truits, and rice. The inhabitants are pagans, and pav rnbute to the Spaniards. M'lnegahcm, in Kerry, Munfler. *MiNEKEADi a town of Somerfetfliire, with a good harbour for fnips of large burden, ibinieij by a pier and quay, to which lalt a new head has been added, the beach cleared, &c. It carries on fome trade to Ireland and the W. Indies, and ia 31 miles N. of Exeter, and 161 W. by S. of London. Maiktt on Wedneiday. Mincrus, Somerf. near Chev.ton- Men- dip. Mines, Dorfetftiire, E- of Pool. MiNGRELiA, a province of Afia, fitti- ated along the E. coaft of the Black Sea, The piincipality is hertditary, and is go- verned by a prince, who takes the title of dadian, cr chief of jultice. The tribute enaded by the Turks is a quantity of li- nen cloth made in the country. The prin- cipal commerce is in Haves. The face of this country, it's prcdufls, and the ful- toms and manners of the inhabitants, are fimilar to thole of Georgia. Minhenoit, Cornwall, E. of Lefkard. MiNHO, a river of Spain, which rifes near Miiidonedo, la Galiciaj and paJTing by I\I I o •by Lugo, Often fe, Tup, Sec. fails into the Atlantic at Caminha. MiNiATO, St. a town of Tufcany. . lAinley, Hants, near Blackwatei'. Minola, in Mayo, Connaiiglit. MiNORBiNO, a townof CahbriaCitra J and a town of Eaii ; both in Naples. Minorca, a conliderable ifland of the Mcditenantan, lying 24. miles Ni.'. of Majorca. It is about 30 miles in length and 12 in breadth, and chiefly valuable for •the excellent harbour of Port-Mahon. It •is a mountainous country, with I'ome fruit- ful valleys, where thera arc excellent mules. Rabbits are in great plenty, and here are plantations of palm-trees, which bear no fruit, vines, olives, cotton, and capers. The peafants are very dexterous with their flings, and t:omm3nd their caitle with them. The houfes on tlie illand are computed at 308-9, and the inhabitants at £7,000. It was taken by the Englifh in 170)5, and kept by them till 1756, when the French took it. It was-rellored to the Englilh by the treaty of 1763, and retaken by the Spaniards in tlie American war, and confiriTied to them by the peace ot 17S3. Citadelia is the capital, befide ■which there ar-e Port-Mahon, the fortifi- cations of which are now demoli&ed, JLa- Jior, and Mercadsl. MiNORi, in Prlnclpato Citra. Mlnfcnden, Middlelex, near Southgate. Minfhul Church, Chef. N. of Nmiptwich. Minjhul-Vernon, Cheftiire, bE. of Ciiurch- Minfel. Minfiiigbury, Hens, near Buley. Minsk; I, a town and palatinate of Ruffian Lithuania. The forelts contain vaft numbers of bees, whole honey makes part of the riches of the country, Minjkip, YorkOi. near Boroughbridge. Minjhd, Hants, in NewJ'orclt. Mbtjhr, Cornw. near Bjttreaux Caltic. Aiiajler, Kent, in the Ifleof Thanet, 5 miles and a half from Sand v/ich. Miafier, in Sheppey Ifle, near Sheernefs. Minjler-Lo'Vii, Oxf. 3 miles from Witney. Minjler, Saurh, ElTex, near Baniham and Tillingham. Minjhracres, Northumb. NW, of Eb- church, near Slealey. Minjhrlcy, ShropJ". near Hayes Forelh Minller-v^ortb, four miles from Glaucelter. Mintern, Great, Dorfetf. two miles from Cerne-Abbiii. Minting, Lincolm". NW. of Horncaftle. Mintling, Norfolk, near Lynn, Minton, Shropf. S. ofClmrch Stietton. Mintoivn, SlhropC E. of Bifhop's Cattle. Mintj, Wilts, NE. of M; for the conveniency ot drying aJid curing their fi/h. It was taken by the Englifli in 1795. KIiranda-de-Ebro, a town of OW Caliiie, featcd in a country that produces excellent wine, on the river Ebro. It is 34 mil'S S. of Bilboa, and 160 N. of Ma- drid. MiRANOE, a town in the dept. ofGers, near the river Baii'e, trading in wool, down, and the feathers of geelc. It is 15 miles SW. ot Auch, and 340 SW. of Paris. MiRANDA-DE -DOX/RO, a tosvll of Tra-los-Montes, Portugal, I'eated on a rock, in a barren, mountainous country, near the Douro. It is iS miles SW. of Braganza, and 208 N. by E. of LLlbon. MiRANDOLA, a town and duciiy of Italy, l:itely iubjeift to the ■Duke of Mo- dena. Mirc.nfton, NW. of Dvi^y, MiRhEEAU, a town in the dept. of Vienne, fninous for the beauty and ihengtii of the aifes v^-hich it's cnviions j)ioduc<'. MiREEEAU, a town in the dept. of Cote-d'Or, 14 miles NE. of Dijon. MiRECOURT, u town in the dept. of Voiiges, famous fur it's violins and fine faces. It is 15 milcb N W. of Epinal. MlREMOwT, a town in the dept. af Dordo^ne ; and a town in the dept. of Upper Garonne. MiRHPOlX, a town in the dept. of Arrie^e, 15 n.iles liiE. of Foix. MirjieU, Yorkf. W.of W;?JcefieJd. Miskno.Cape, in the GuU'of Naples^ M'/erJen, a village in Gloucef^erfliiie, a miles from Bifley, and 9 from Glouref- tcr. Here is a p;irk 7 miles in circumfe- rence, full of fine beech wood. MiriTRA, the ancient Laced amon a celebrated town ot the Morea. It is di- vided into four parts, the caftle, the town, and two large luburhs. Tiie Chtiftiang havefeviital churcU«3 one of tliein, call- E t 3 cd M I T ei] Perileptos, is faitl to be one of the m(>ft iK-aiititul in the world. Tlie Turks have a fiipcrl) niolqiie, and niagnifictnt hofpi- tal ; and tlie Jews, three iynagogiies. Mitilii contains about la.ooo inhabitants, and is the lee of a Greek archbilhop, and the rtfidence of a bey, an aga, and a wai- wode, It is Ceattd on the river Vafilipo- taino, ^jo miles S, of Corinth. Lat. 37. 6, N. Ion. 42, 30. E. Mifmere-Hanjen, Suff. S. of Dunwich. Ivr/sNiA. See Meissen. Mijfcn, Nottingh. NE. of Bautree. IMissen-Head, the mod fouthern point cf Ireland, in Cork, Mnniter. Here is a large bay. Lat. 51. 14. N. Ion. 9. 35. W. MiJJ'e/tden, Great and LittUy Bucks, N\V.of Amerfham. % Mississippi, a confiderable river of N. America, which is the great channel of the waters of the Ohio, the Illinois, and their numerous branches from tlie E. and of the MKTouri and other rivers from the W. It's iburce is unknown, but it's lengtli is I'uppoled to be upward of 3000 miles, in all it's windings, toil's entrance into the Gulfof Mexico, between the 89th and 90th degrees of W. Ion. In this ri- ver, in lat. 44. 30. N. are the Falls of St. Anthony, where the whole river, which is more than 250 yards wide, falls perpen- dicularly about 30 teet. Mis Sliahh, or Mountauis of the Moon, two mountains of Ireland ; one in Antrim, UKKr, the other in Kerry, Munfter, near Tralee-Bay. Missouri, a large river of N. Ame- rica, whofe lource is unknown. It joins tliG MilTiflippi, in ht. 39. N. and Ion. 91. W. but is a longer, broader, and deeper river than that, and is, in faft, the princi- pal ftream. It has been al'cended by the French tradcis upwards ot 1200 miles, and from the depth and breadth of the river, at that diftance, appeared to be navigable much higher. Mijhrlon, Leicei'. E. of the Avon, op- pofite to Lutterworth. Mi/ferto/i, Nctt. in the N. part of the county, called NortJ^ Clay. Mijiley, EITex, near Maningtree.-., Miitole, Kent, SW. of Canterbury. Mif. ' * ton, Berks, between Wantage and Ahing- den. Mitcharn, Surry, on the river Wan- die, on which are lome fnufF-mills, eight miles SW. by S. of Lontlon. Mitchel'sFort, in Cork, Munfter. *Mitchel's Town, a town of Cork, in Mi.mtter. Here is a college for the fup- port of 12 decayed men, and the fame number of women, who have 40I. yearly, and handfome apartments, and a chaplain at lool. per annum, with a Uoufe, wii® MOD offieiaffs daily in a neat chapel belongifig to the college. It is 102 miles from Dublin. Mi/ford, Somerf. near Bath. MUfori- Caflle, Northtimb. near Morpeth. Mitrt' dale, Cumb. NE. of Ravcnglafs. MiTTAU, the capital of Courland. Mitton, Worcef. N. of Tewk(bury. Mitton, Lane. SW. of Clithero. Mitton^ NW. of Shrewfbury. Mitton, Staff. W, of Penkridge. Mitton, Ifle of Wight, in Ea(t Medina. Mittm, Worcef. near Kidderminfter. Mixbury, Oxf. NE. o^ Somerton. *MOAT, called alfoMOATAGRENOGE, a town of Weft Meath, in Leinfter, 54 miles AV. of Dublin. Moat of Ap<:'ll, in Kildare, Leinfter, 3 miles from Atliy. Moaie-Hall, near Shrewfljury. Mob' herlty, Cheftiire, NE. ot Noithwich. Mocha, a confiderable town of Yemen, Arabia, furrounded by walls, confifting of half ftone and half earth 5 and leveral towers, guarded by foldiers. The women, except a fmall number of the common fort, never appear in the ftreets in theday-time, but vifit each other in the evening. Over their other drefs, they wear a laige vej] of painted calico, that they can fee tlaough without being fcen. They have alfo little bufkins of Morocco leather: fomc of the women cf rank are handfome, and not browner than the Spanifli women. Mo- cha was the laft city in Yemen of which the Turks retained poflefTion. It has now no other mafttr than the Iman. The in- habitants are computed at iO;Ooo, with- out comprehending the Armenians, or the Jews, who inhabit the fuburbs. Here are about 700 Banians and other Indians, who, when they have made a fmall for- tune, commonly return to India. The Englifti engrofs almoft exclufively the trade of this place, which conllfts chiefly in coffee, and often gain confiderably by carrying money to India, with which the Arabian merchants intruft th'.m. It is feated in a fandy country, abounding in date-trees, near the Straits of Babelman- Pel. Lat. 13. 19. N. Ion. 43. 23. E. Mof/f'fj, near Hereford. Mockley, War- wickfhire, near Umberfley. Mocollcp, in Wateiford, Munfter. Mo- curry, in Wexford, Leinfter. MoDBURY, a town in Devon/hire, noted for fine white ale. It is 14 miles SE. of Plymouth, and 208 W. by S. of London. \Iarket on Thurida)'. Modelligo, in Waterford, Munfter. MoDENA, a city of Italy, capital of the Modenefe, feated betwten the rivers Secchia M O H Secchia and Penaio. It is pretty large and populous, having feveral piazzas ; but the itreets are narrow, and the walks low and dark. The churches have iittL or no- thing worth notice, but the ducal palace is large and I'plendid, and is richly fur- niftied. The pifture- gallery confifts of 6 rooms, all filled with fele6l pieces of the molt famous maftcrs. The inhabitants are laid to be 40,000. It is zz. miles NW. of Bologna. Lat. 44.. 39. N. Ion. II. 18. E, MoDENESK, The, or the territory of Modena, is bounded On the W. by the duchy of Parma, and the itate of Genoa ; on the N. by the duchy of Ivlantua; on ilieE. by the Bolognefe j and on the S. by part of Tufcany and the republic of I-ucca. It is about 50 miles in length, and from 20 to 36 in breadth. The foil is fertile in corn, wine, oil, fruits, and other producfions. It alio feeds a gre'at number of cattle. The duchy of Modena confifts of Modena Proper, the duchies of Reggio, and PJirandola, tiie principalities of Correggio, Carpi, and Novellara, with 2 few other eltates. MoDiCA, a town and river of Sicily. Modlicot, Shropftiire, NW. of Cliurch- Stretton. Mo DON, a town on the SVV. coaft of the Morca, with a fate and commodious harbour. It is feated on a promontoiy, advanced inco the Sea of Sapienza, 20 miles SSVV. of Coron. Lat. 36. 56. N. ion. 21. 35. E. MODZIR, a town and dlftrlift of Lithu- ani.i, on the river Prypec. Moffat, a town of Dumfries/hire, feated near the river Annan. It has a ma- nufacture of coarfe woollen ftufFs, with a mineral fprings, ot a bracing quality, ac- counted the ftrongeft in Biitam. Moffat is 20 miles N. by E. of Dumfries. Moffat Hills, mountains in the northern part of Dumfriesfliire ; from ■which defcend, in different direilions, the Tweed, the Clyde, and tlie Annan. MoGADOR, or SuERA, a fea-port of Morocco, near Cape Ozcm. The town, which was begun in 1760, is now com- pletely finiflied. The houfcs are hand- lomely and Iblidly i)uilt, with great regu- larity of plan, the ftreets being all ftraight lines. It is defended by walls and bat- teries. Mogeely, in Cork, Munfter. Mogerhanger, Bedfordfliire, NW. of plenty of game, fifh, and fowls. The in- B^goleiwade. habitants are Chriltians ot the Greek MouACZ, a town of Hungary, on the churcli. The Turks oblige the hofpo- Diuubr, 56 miles W. of Zcgedin. dar, or waiwudc, to pay an annual tri- E e 4. bulc M O L Mihlll^ or Moyle, in Leitrlm, Con- naught. Mo ill L LA, one of the Comora Iflands» between the N. end of the Illand of M;;% . dagafcar and the continent of Africa. The inland parts are mountainous and woody, and there are villages fcatteretj here and tliere, whole hoiifes are made of reeds and ftraw. The inhabitants tattoo their Ikins. Some of them are Mahomet- ans, and have a few mofques, built with wood and ftraw without, and matted neat- ly within. It produces buffaloes, goats, tortoiles, hens, large bats, cameleons, rice, peaie, honey, cocoa-nuts, plantains, oranges, lemons, citrons, pine- apples, cucumbers, tamarinds, and fugar-canes. There are feveral fine ftreams, and the grafs and trees are green all the year. The cattle, called buffaloes, have a great bunch on their fhoulders, but in other re- fpefts are not like thole of the E. Indies. Here is a good road for fliips. Lat. i», 30. S. Ion. 44. 5. E. MoHiLEF, one of the 41 governments of the Ruffian empire, containing 12 dif- tri6fs, part of Litliuania, difmembereJ from Poland, by the partition treaty of 1772. It's capital is MoHiLEF, a populous trading town, feated on the Dnieper. Lat. 53. 52. N, Ion, 31. 2. E. MoiRA, or MOYRA, in Down, Ulfter, 69 miles N. of Dublin. It is noted for it's linen manufaiSlure, and has a monthly market ior vending theCame. MoisbAC, a town in the dept. of Lot, feated on the river Tarn, near the Ga« roime. It is 13 miles W. of Montauban- Mokejheare, Dcvoni". near Halbcrton. Mo LA, a town of Lavora, Naples. MolaiiJs, Kent, near Sandwich. Mold, a town of Fiintfhire, where the aflizes are held, 5 miles SSE. of Flint. MohiaJIi, Kent, adjoining Godmerfliam, Moldavia, a province of Turkey iu Europe, bounded on the N. by Poland j on the E. by Befl'arabia and Budziac Tar- tary j on the S. by Walachia ; and on the W. by Tranlylvania, being i?o miles ia it's greatcft length, and iomcwhat le(s iiv breadth. The principal rivers are the Pruth, Moidau, Bardaiach, and Sereth. The foil is rich, and it abounds in good paftures, which feed a great number of horl'es, oxen, and flieep : it alio produces corn, pulfe, honey, wnx, fruiis, with M O L bute, and to raife a large body of troops at liis own cxpence, in lime ot war. Jal- {y is the capital. •* MoUfzL'orth, Cliff, in Dclamere-Foreft. Mole, h inouiunin in tlit litpariincnt <)f Mont Bianc, which, from it's height and fine Hoping })cak, is an dvecl of great beauty, when iecn from the Lake of Ge- neva. Mole, a river in Surry, which is fup- pofal to run under ground from Boxhil!, rear Darking, till it appears again near L-jatherhead j it allerward enters the Tlumes oppofite Halnpton-Collr^. Per- Jiaps it is rather .ibforbed, efpecialiy in dry Talons, by a trat't of loft ground, called the Swallows, near two miles in length, and by caverns in the fides of the banks : ytt not fo as' to prevent a conft;int ftream tiom taking it's covirfe in an open chan- nel above ground, winding in the valleys from Darking to Lcaiherhcad. Mo/e, Kent, N, of Tunbridge. Mole-Hnll, Ef- iex, near Tendring. Mole, or Moad-Hall, EiTex, near Bardfield. Molecop, or Moov- £op, StafFordf. on the borders of Chefhire, towards Congieton. Molefivorth, Hunt- ing((onf. SW. of the Giddings. MOLFETTA, a town of Bari, Naples. Molina, a town and river of New Calfile J and a town of Murcia. Molington, near Clietfer. MpLlsE, a teriitoiy of Ntiples, bound- ed on the N. by Abruzzo Citra ; on the E. by Capitanatuj on the S. by Lavora ; and on the W. by the States oi the Cliurch. It is 30 miles long and 14. wide, is a mountainous country, but icrtile in corn, wine, faffron, ani! lilk, and abounds in game. Moiifo, which is not the capital, is 50 miles N. of Naples. Mollaiid, Dcvonl'. NE. of S. Moulron. MoLLEN, a town of SaxeLawenburg, Lower Saxony; iii the territory of Lubec, and 6 miles S. of that city, M3llcrjia?ig, Weltmori. near Pendra- gon-Calile. Moll-Ha!L EiT.x, W. of Thaxted, M:/.'%.'(j«, Oxford!', and VVrir- wickf. N. of Banbuiy. Mollifiont Nor- thumb. in Mitford barony. MoLSHKiM, a town in the depart, of lowe)- Rliine, \o miles WSW. of Srrai- burg, and 228 miles E. of Pari^. Moluccas, or Spice Islands, a duller of finail but valuable illands in tlic Eaftern Ocean, lying moftly within fight of each other, The* prlnci.ial are Ter- rate, Am^oyna, Tydore, Machian, Ti- mor, or Motyr, Bichian, Bourfo, and Ce- ram. Tlicy art fuuatcd tc the K. and S. of Celebes. Their coafts :ire rendered very dangerous by i;iaus and flitlves. M O N They produce neither corn, rice, nor cat- tle, except goats; but they have oranges, lemons, coarle tobacco, and other fruits j and are molt remarkable for fpices, efpe- cialiy nutmegs and cloves. Here are par- rots of extraordinary beauty, and many birds of Paradife, They have large fnakcs, which are not venomous, but very dan- gerous land crocodiles. The Dutch, who drove out the Spaniards and Portuguefe, ke-.p out all other Europeati nations, being jealous of their fpice trade. Tlie natives are Pagans, but there are many Malioniet- ans. AH the particular kings of thefe iflands arc lubj-ft to the king of Tcrnate, who is in alliance with the Dutch. Molf, if not all of them, have been mbdued by the Englifii, fince the commencement of the prefent war, Molwitz, a town of Biieg, Silefia. MoMEAZA, or xVIoNBAZA, 3 town and country of Africa, on the eaftern coaft, in Zanguebar, S. of Melinda. The foil is fruitful, producing rice, millet, and other grain, variety of fruit-tiees, vegeta- bles, and ciculents. Here is alio plenty of cattle and poultry, and the coun'ry abounds with fprings of frefh water. The climate is temperate, and the air healthy. The city was held fome time by the Por- tuguese, but tlicy were driven out ifx 1 63 1, by an A;abian fcheik, and their converts are molfly turned Manometans. ^^'' 3- 45- S. len. 39. o. E. Mo.VA, or MOEN, an ifland of Den- mai k, in the Baltic, SE. of Zealand, from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. Monaco, a fmall city of Italy, capital of a lerritory of the fame name, 4. or 5 Ita- lian miles in circuit. It is Icated on a craggy rock, which ftretches cut into the lea, and has, or lately had, it's own prince, undei* the proteftion of France. It has fortification^, with a good harbour, and is. 8 miles NE. of Nice. Lat. 4.3. 4.8. N. Ion, 7. 36, E, Monaghan, a county of Ireland, in tlie province of Uiiler, 32 nnles in length, and from 10 to 20 in breadth j bounded oi\ the W. hv Fermanagh ; on the N. by Tvrone ; on the E. by Armagh ; and on tile SE. and S. by Louth and Cavan. It contains 19 pariflies, about 21,523 houfes, and iiS 000 inhabitants. The foil, is, in general, deep and fertile ; wet and damp r« fo.ne places, and hilly in others. The linen manufaflure flourifhes in the N. and W. parts, and is averaged at io4.,oool. yearly. *MON.'VGHAN, the capital of the county of Monaghan, was fortified with a caftlo and tort againft the Irifli, iu tlie reign of Queen M O N Qn^ejen Elizabeth. It is 6z miles NNW.of Dublin. Lat. 54.. 15. N. Ion. 7. 10. AV. Monalhn, in Down, Ulller. At Shan- more, near this place, on the new canal being cut, Ibme years ago, a rauititude of fallen trees oi- oak, aOi, elder, &c. was dilcovercd, lying for near a mile in length, under a covering of earth, in fome places 6, in others 8 feet deep, many of them of large bulk, tumbled down, one over an- other, fome lying in (tiaight lines, and ethers '\w an oblique or tranfverfe polition. Alonamultina, in WtxfonI, Leinlter. MoNASTEER, a town of Tunis, near the fea, built by the Arabs. Monajlerhoyce, in Louth, Leinfter. *MoNAST£RVAN, a town of Kildare, in Leinfter. It is feated on the river Bar- row, 6 miles W. of Kildare, where a branch of the Grand Canal is united with that river, hereby opening a paffage be- tween the metropolis and the province of Mnnfter. From it's being a ftation or ftage of the packets, as well as of the lumber-boats, it has of late been much improved and enlarged. MoNCALLitR, a town of Piedmont, 5 miles W, ot Turin. MONCALVO, a fmall town of Italy, in Montierrat, feated on a mountain. MoNgAON, or MoNZON, a fortified town of DoiMO, on the Minho. M0N9ARAS, a town of Alentejo. Moncaj}er, Cumberl. near Ravenglafj. MoNgON, u town of Arragon, on the Cinca, 7 miles S. of Balbaihc. MONCONTOUR, a town in the dept. of the N. Coaft j an^i a town in the depart. oi Vienne. MoNDHGO, a river of Portugal, which has it's fource near Guarda, and, croffing Jieira, pafles by Coimbra, and falls into the Atlantic near Cape Mondego. MonderfielJ, Here.*. S. of Bromyard. MONDJDIER, a town in the depart, of S imine, leated on a mountain, 18 miles SE. of Amiens, MoNnoNEDA, a town of Galicia. MoN'DOUBLEAU, a town in the dcpt. of Loir and Cher, 13 miles NNVV. of Vendome. MoNDOVi, a town and territory in Piedmont. Befides the cathedral, it has 5 paridi churches, an univerfity, ii con- vents, and about 10,000 inhabitants. It is feated on a mountain near the river Ele- ro, 30 miles S. of Turin. Monea, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Mone- mcynter, in Waterfprd, Munfter. Monethijloyen, Monm. NW. of Caer- Icon. Mo7ienjocio7i, Svifl'ex, SW. of Fram- iingham. MoffejbriJge^ Liiic. iniloiland, M O N Moneygall, in King's County, Leinfter. Moiieyhore, in Wexford, Leinlter. *\IoNEYMORE, a town of Derry, in Ulfter, 83 miles from Dublin, Monford, 3 miles from SInewlburv. MONFORTE, a town of Tralos Mon- tes ; a town ol Bt ira ; and a town of Aieii- teio 5 all in Portugal : a town of Galicia ; ami a town of Valencia j both in Spain; and a town in Sicily. MoNGALLO, a town and kingdom of Africa, N. of Monomotapa. Mongans, St. NW. of Monmouth. Mcngham, Great and Little, Kent, 3 miles and 3 half S. and SE. of Sandwich. MoNGHiR, atown and fortrel's of Hin- dooftan, in Bahar, feated on the S. bank of the Ganges, 70 miles E. of Patna. MoNGULS, a people who inhabit a country to the N. of China. They aiTume to be of the fame original as thole who accompanied Tamerlaiii in the conquefts of India, Perfia, and other countries, and called, In mofthiftorics, Moguls. The coun- try is very little known, except thar part of it which the caravans pals through in tra- velling from Rullia to China. The Mon- guls tlwell in tents, or little moveable lioufes, and live entirely on the produce of their cattle, which are horfes, camels, cows, and Hieep. They exchange their commodities for rice, fugar, tea, tobacco, cotton cloth, and fcveral Ibrts of houfehald utenhls ; they not having the ufe of mo- ney. 7'he religion of the Monguis of the W. is that of the Dday Lama, which is full of cetemonies, not uniike Popery. Monhall, Eiiex, NE. of Bumj^ited. MoNHElM, a town oi Neu>^'crg, Bava- ria; and a town ot Berg, Weitphalja. M0NIKEDA.M, a fea-porc of N. Hol- land, on the SW. coaftor the Zuyder Zee. Mo/ii/igjhy, Line, near Eullingbrook. Monington, Heief. near Stanton. Mo/i- ifigton, Htref. near Morehampton. Mo,'2t-vea, in G^ilway, Connautht. Monk Breton, Yorklh, near Baincfley. Motikey Ijlatid, Berks, in t!ie Tnames. be- tween Maidenhead and W'ir.dlbr. Alonk- land, Herci'. NE. of Pcmbiidge. Mtnk- /«£,'■/-', Devon!'. S. of Fnthelltoke. Mvnk- IfJ'Jen, Durh. on the ocean, NW. of H^I • tkpoo!. Monks Ely, Surf, near Bildcrfton. Monks Park, Warw. 2 miles frum Siuif- toke. Monktoii, Kt-nt, In Thanct Iile, 4. miles and a half NW. of Sandwich. Monk Scton, Northumh. on tl-.e ocean, NW, of Tinmmuh. Monk .Silver, So- merf. W, of Stokegomer. Monk Soham, SufF. NW. of Framlingham. MviljiGn, Hants, SW. of Andover. Mciikjhvjn) in Dublin, Leinfter; 5 miles fium M O N from the metropolis. MofikjioTxin, in C'oik, Miiiilk-r, near Cove. Mnnkton, Dcvoiirtnrc, N. of Honiton. Mnikton, D'jrfttrtiirt-, SVV. of Craniboin. McnLto/t, Dorfij/diire, i mile from Win- tei borne ami Farrinadon. Monkton, K.cnt, NK. of Lrniiam. Mo/ikiou, Somerf. NE. of Taunton. Monkton, Wilts, E. of Caliie. Moitklon-B[f}:ops, Yorkf. SE. of ^.irouglibrulgr. MoHLton-Farky, Wilts. Monk ion More, Yoricl. W. Riding, S. of t!ie Nyci. Mo)tkton-Nuny Yorlcfhirt, N. of the Nyd, and SE. of Boroughbridgc. Moiiktou-Wejiy Somevfetfliire, between Bridgcwater and Taunton. Monkr- ries on a great trade, eipccially in fruits, and is feated on a bay of the lame name, 1% miles from Biirfa, and 60 SE. of Con- stantinople. Lat. 40.10. N. Ion. 29, 40. E. Montague Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean. MoNTAiGUj a town of La Vendee ; a town of Puy de Dome ; and a town of the Lot and G;ironne : alfo a town of the late Aultrian Brabant. Mont-Alban, a town of Arragon, and a foi tiefs of Nice. MoNTALCiNO. See Alcino, Mont. Mo NT ALTO, a town of Ancona. Montanagee, in Kvrrry, Munlter. M0NTAK.GIS, a confiderable town in the dept. of Loiret. The muftard and cutlery of this place are excellent; and from the river Loing is a navigable canal hence to the Seine. It is feated near a fine forell, 1 5 miles S. of Nemours, and 62 S. of Paris. MontaubaN, a commercial town in the dept. of Lot. The inhabitants amount to 40,000 ; and have manida/hich is the prmcipal manufaciure, wool, wine, aqua-vitx, Hungary. water, cinnamon-water, capil- lairc, eflence of bergamot, lemons, &c. alio in v/uollen carpets, fullians, and filk (lockings. Thei'e commodities are fent, l-y the canal, to Cette, which is the fea- port of Montpelller. The air is extreme- ly healthy, and a great number of perfons fiock hither, from all parts, to recoTer tiieir health. Montpellier is fea:ed upon a hill, 5 miles from the Mediterranean, 27 miles SV/. of Nifmes, and 212 S. by E. of Pdiis. Lat. 43. 37. N. Ion. 3. 58. E. MoNTPENSitR, a town in the depart- ment of Puy de Dome, feated on a hill, 20 miles NE. of Clermont, and 210 SE. of Vins. Mont-Reai,, a town of Arragon ; and a town of Navarre, both in Spain : and a town of Sicily, 3 miles WSW. of Palermo. Montreal, an ifle of N. America, in the river St. Lawrence, about 28 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. The foil Is very fertile, and the air wholefome. It was furrendcred by the French, in 1760, to the Englifb, by a capitulation, by whicb ail Canada was likewife ceded- It has a town of the fame narne^ with wide, open ffreets, built on the fide of the river, whence there is a gradual eafy afcent to what is called tin; Upper Town. It is pretty rtrongly fortified by a citadel, wall, baflions, 5cc. and has futfered much by fires, fince it has been in the polTeflion of the Englilli. The only ftaple commodity- is furs and peltry, producetl by their trade with the Indians, together with corn and lumber to the W, Indies. Montreal is now the capital of the province of Upper Canada, and is iio miles SW. of Quebec, and 110 N. of Albany. Lat. 45. 3S. N. Ion. 73. W. Mont-Real, or Mount Royal, a fortrefs of Treves, on the Mofeile. Montreal, the name of four towns in the rei"pt(5live departments of ihe Yonne, Gers, Aiide, and Ain. MoNTREtJiL, a town in the dept. of the Straits of Calais, feated on a hill near the river Canche, 10 miles NW. of Hef- din, and U7 N. of Paris. Alio, feveral other towns of France. Montreujli-Bellay, a town In the dii-pt. of JMuine and Loiie, featsd on tb^ rivtrf M O N river Touet, 9 miles S. of Saumur, and 155 from Paris. Mont-Richard, a fmall town in the dept. of Loir and Cher, i'eated near the Cher, 12 miles SSE. of Amboife, and iiz SW. of Paris. * Montrose, a town of Angusfliire, near the eftiiary of the river South Elk. 0\'er this river a new bridge has bfcn lately erefted. At hicrh water the town is alnioil lurrounded by the fea. Tlie har- bour is a fine femicircular bafin, with a handfonie (tone pier; and a great number of trading veffels belong to this port, Tke buildings are neat, and many of them in the modern talte. The molt remark- able are the town-hoiifc, the prefbyterian church, and aa elegant epifcopal chapel. A great quantity of malt is made; here ; and there are manufaclures of laii-cloth, linen, coloured and white thread, brown flieeting, Ofnaburgs, and ftockings. The falmon fiftieries on ihe N.and S. Elk form a valuable branch of commerce. Mon- trofe is 4S miles NE. of Edinburgh. MoNTSAUjEON, a town in the dept. of Upper Marne, 15 miles S. of Langres, and 145 from Paris. MoNTSERRAT, a high mountain in Catalonia, on which is a famous monnf- tery and chapel, inhabited by monks of feveral nations, who entertain all that come out of devotion, or curiolity, for three days, gratis. This mountain is faid to be 10 miles in circumlcrence, and 5 high. From the top of it is a viuw ot the country to the diltance of 150 miles. It is 20 miles NW. of Barcelona. MoNTSERRAT, an ifland in the Weft Indies, dilcovered, in 1493, by Columbus, and lb named by him from it's reiemblance to the mountain in Spain. It is about 9 miles in length, and as much in breadth ; and the mountains are covered with cedar, cyprefs, and other three, and fome odori- ferous fhrubs. As to foil, animals, and conmierce, Montlerrat is much the fame as the other Caribbee Iflands. It is held hy the Englifli, and is 30 miles SW. of Antigua. Lat. 16. 54. N. Ion. 61. 34. W. Mont St. Andre, a town in ttie late Auftrian Brabant. MoNT St. Michael, a town in the dept. of the Channel, built on a rock, lur- rounded by the fea twice in 24 hours. It is 7 miles SW. of Avranches, and iSo W. of Paris. Monljiontt Ifle of Wight, in W. Me- dina. Monivood, Warw. W. of Anitcy. Many AJh, Derbyfhire, in the High Peak. Monza, a town of Milan, on the Lambio. In it's treafury is the iron M O R crown, vpitli which the ancient Italiaa kings, and afterwards the emperors of Germany, were crowned as kings of Lom- bardy. It is of gold, enriched with jewels, and exceedingly fmall, with an iron ring on the outfide. It has neither points nor rini:;s. Mccn, or Mouf!, in Kildare, Leinfter, within 3 miles of Caitltdeimot. Moor, Chelhire, S. of Warrington. Mock Hall, Lancaf, near Bolton, Moor- Hall, Hertf. SW. of Buntingford. Moor- Kirk, Yorkf. Moor E?ui, Glouc. a hamlet to Hartpury. Moor-End, Glouc. in Slim- bridge pariDi. Moor Lynch, Somerfetf. Moor Park, Surry, near FariiJiam. Moor- H'infloiv, Cornwjill, N. of Stratton. Klt)ORSHEDABAD,alarge, illbuilt city of Bengal, near the wel'tern arm of the Ganges, 100 miles N. of Calcutta. It was formerly the capital of Bc-ngal, be- fore the eftablifhment of theEngliili power. Mora, a town of New CalUle ; and a town of Alen'ejo. Mora, in Waterford, Munfter. Moran, Cornwall, SW. of Tregony, Morarfs- Court, Kent, near Sevenoaks. Morant, or East Point, the moft eafterly promontory of Jamaica. Lat, 17. 56, N. Ion. 75. 56. W. Morat, a connderable town and baili- wick of Swifferlaiid, in the Validois, la miles W. of Bern. Morat, a lake of SwilTerlaTid, in the bailiwick of the fame name, 6 miles long, and 2 broad, emptying itfelt into the Lake of Neufchatel by means of the river Broye. Moravia, The MARqyisATE of, a province of Germany, lurrounded by Siiefia, Bohemia, and Auftria, and divided into fix circles. It is partly mountainous and woody, and partly champaign, with many irroraflcs, bogs, and lakes ; and has conftantly remained annexed to the crowrx of Bohemia. It takes it's name from the river Morava, or Moraw, which runs through it; is very fertile and populous; and hence the UnitasFratrum, or Brethren, called Moravians, take their name, their doctrines having been early proamlgated here. Olmutz is the capital. MoRAW, or Morava, a river of Ger- many, which riles on the confines of Bo- hernia and Silelia; crolfes all Moravia, where it waters Olmutz and Hradilch, and falls into the Danube after feparating the countries of Lower Hungary and Upper Aulfria. Morave, a river which rifts in Bul- garia, runs N. through Servia by NifTa, and falls into the Danube 8 miles E. of Semendria. Morfach, M O R MoRBACH, or MuRBACn, • town in Harlow, tlie (lept. ot Lower Rhine, 41 miles S. of hurnham. Stralbur?. Uxbridge Murhntij, Dorfetfhiie, in Whitchurch pa- Biif'ord. rifh. Morborn, Huntf. NW. of Stilton. Suiton. M O R More- Hall, SuHTcx, S. of Afli- More-Will, Micldl. NW. of . More-Hall, W^rwickl. N. of More- Hall, Waiwickf. NE. of Morehampton, li-.ref. near the MoRBEf;NO, a handlome commercial Golden Vale. Morchalcb, Midil. a ham- town in the Valtclinc, in the countrj' of let of Knfield. Morekayes, Devonflure, ihe Grifons, featrd on the S. fide of the on the Culme, oppofite to Columpton. A> near Frodlingham. MoRniMAN, a department of France, Morekoufis, Dcrhyf. NW. of CheftcVfield. of which Valines is the caj)ital. It takes More-Lees, Lancafhire, near Leijh. jt's name from a fmall bay between that Mo R ell A, a town of Valencia, on the Town and the Ifland of Belleifle. It's en- mountainous frontiers of Arra^on. Meremead, Herts, near Hitchin. Mo- rend, Gloucef. a hamlet in M:uigotsfield p^ridi. More-Nortk, W. of Oxford. Morejly, Cunab. a village 2 miles NE. of Whitehaven. Mores Court, Dorleti'. near Morcotc, or Boy- Sfiirminlter-Mirftial. MoreJJjam, Yorkf. let in Minterfworih N. Riding, in Skelton paiifli. Morejlex, trance is nai.ow; but it expands within, and contains about 30 little idands. Morckard, Bilhop''s, Devonfliire, SE. of Chimleigh. Morchard Cruzvys, Devonf. e ciiarge of an alcade, appointed by the em- peror. It has two gates, which are regu- larly (liut every evening at nine o'clock, after which no perfon can enter or depart, till they are opened the next morning. They have a market of their own ; and when they enter the Moorith town, market, or palace, they are cor.-.i>elled to be bare- footed. The palace is a very extenfive and loiid building, with gates compoied ot Gothic arches, embclliflied with orna- ments in the Arabian tafte. Within the walls are various courts and gardens, ele- gantly laid out by European gardeners. Lat. 31. 12. N. Ion. 6. 45. W. Moron, a town ot SevUle, Andalufia. MoROTOi, one of the Sandwich Ifles, about 7 miles WNW. of Mowee. Yams are it's principal produce j yet it has but little wood. The coaft on the fouthern and weftern fides of the ifland forms/cve- ral bays, which promife a tolerable thel- ter from the trade-winds. Lat. 21. 10. N. Ion. 157. 14. W. * Morpeth, a town of Northumber- land, feated on a river called Cammas- Water, with a very large market for corn, cattle, and provifions. It is z8 miles N. of Durham, and 287 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Fairs on Wednefday, Thurfday, and Friday before Whitfunday ; and the Wedneiday before July 22d. Morrick, Northumb. near WarkworMi. Morris, Cornwall, NE. ot" Botieaux-Caftle. MORTAGNE, a town in the dept. of Orne, well known for it's ierges and tan- neries. AUb a town in the dept. of the North, 8 miles SE. of Tournay ; a town in the depart, of Lower Charentc j and a town in the dept. of Vendee. MORTAIN, a town in the dept. of the Channel, feated on the rivulet Lances, almoft furrounded by craggy rocks, 20 miles SSE. of Avranche?. MoRTARA, a town of Lumello, in Milan. Mart Bay, and Mortkovj, Devonfhire, SW. of Iltracomb, near the coad. Mor- timer, Berks. Mortimers, Kent, near Cowling-Cartle. Mortimers, Hants, 5 miles from Reading. Mort'ake, a village in Surry, leated on the river Thames, 9 miles W. of London. Mortlich, a village of Banffshire, in Scotland, 6 miles SW. of Keith. Morton, Ellex, N. of Shtlly. MoriOftf cum Eafiiuood-Park, Glouccf. in Thornbury M O S Thornbury pari/li. Morton, Nott. In Fif- kertcn parifli. Morton, Worcef. SW. of Alcfclter. Morton, Clitfhire, near the ferry over tlic Mci Icy into Lancaflihe. Morton, Deibyf. N. of Alfreton. Morton, Dorfctf. SE. of Piiddletoii. Morton, Durhain, E. of Raby-Cartle. Morton, Worcef. N. of Leominlter. Morton, Line, near Gainfbo- rough. Morion, Lincolnf. between Fok- ingham and Bourn. Morton, Noft. near Rerford. Morton, Shropftiire, W. of the Morda. Morton, Weftiii. NE. of Apple- by, Morton, YorkQiire, W. of Barnard- Caftle. Morton, Yorkdiire, NE. of North- allerton. Morton, NE. of York. Mor- ton,YoM. betweL-n Bradford and Skip- tou. Morton- Ahbofs, Worcelterf. N. of Evefliam. Morion Bagot, Wp.rw. SW. of Ullenhak. Morton-Banks, Yorkfiiire, near Keighley. Morton-Birts, Worcef. near the Milvern-Hills. Morton-Underbill, Worcefterfhire, in Inkborough pariih. * Mortonin-the-MarJ}i, Giouccilerflilre, 4 miles horn Stow. Morton- Merial,'V/uf/. N. of Kineton. Morton, N. and S. Berks, SW. of Wal- lingford. Morion-Pinkney, Nortiiamp, N. of Weedon. Morton^Falence, Glouc. 4. miles from Pain i wick. Morton-upon- i-^j-, N. of Hereford. Morton iipon-Snuale, Yorkf. SW. of Northallerton. Mortfion, D-vonf. near Mortbay, W, of Ilfi acomb. Mor-va,Qoxxwi. near Madtrn. Morvale, Cornw. between the Lees and Lelkard. Mor-uath, Cornwall, N. of Penzance. MoRVEN, a diftrift of Argylefhire. MoRViEDRO, the ancient Sagun- TUM, a town and river of Valencia, Mor'vil, Shropiliire, near Bridgenorth. Mor'vil-Hlll, Yorkftiire, N. Riding, in Lune Forelt. MosA, a town of Arabia, 25 miles NE. of Mocha. MosAMBiquE, a kingdom of Africa, on the coad of Z.^nt^uebar, fo called from the capital of the fame name, Situated on an ifland, chief of 3 iilands which form a part of the kingdom. Tliis ifland is not more than 3 miles in length, and half as much in breadth, and is about a miles from the continent. It was feized by the Portnguele in 1497, and they havcjkept poflenion of it ever fince. TIte town is large, well-built, and rich, with handfome churches and convents, and a for: or caftle, the (trongeft and belf contrived the Portu- guel'c have on this coaft. The foil, on the continent, is fat and fertile, and tlic coun- try breeds numerous herds of cattlcj and flieep with large tails. They alio fv/arm with Itags, wild boars, other wild beafls, and ckphants fo fierce aiid dellru^uvc, that M O S the natives dare not Itir far from their homes without lighted firebrands in their hands to frighten them away. The coun- try has alio rich mines of gold. The go- vernor is changed every three years, and the Portuguefe export gold, illver, copper, elephants teeth, wax, rice, other provi- fions, and flaves. Their Hiips aiwavs call here in going to the Eatf Indies ; and the harbour is fo commoJious, that whole fleets may anchor here, and rtfit their vel- fels, as wtll as provide thcmfcivcs witii ail neceffariesj and they have a large holpi- tal for fick failors. Lat, 15. 5. S, Ion. 40, 49, E. MosA.MEiQUii, a firait, or channel. In the Indian Ocean, lying between the E, coall of Africa and the^Lland of Madagaf- car, and between lat, 11, and 14 deg, S. MosBACH, a handfon-,e town in the pa. latinate of the Rhine, on the- Neckar. Mojlarroiv, Lancal'. SW. of WicrHn. MosEURG, a town of Bavaiia ; and a town of Carinthia. Mojlea, St. Cornsvall, near Sc. Mawes Caftle. Moscow. See Russia, Moscow, one of the moll^ ancient and confpicuous provinces of Ruilia, formerly a duchy, but now one of the 41 govern- ments of that vail empire. It's capital ig of the fame name. Moscow, a large city of the Rufliaa empire, capital of the government of Mof- cow, and formerly of tiie whole empire. It may be confidered as a town built upon the Aiiatic mode), but gradually becoming more and more European} exhiliiting, iix it's prefent llate, a motley mixture of dif- cordant architecture. It Is dillributed Into the foilowiiig divifions. i. Kremlin, which is in the centra! and highelt part of the city, furrounded by higli walls of Hone and brick, z miles in circu.nfererice. This divifion is not Jelormeil by wootleii houfes. It contains the ancient palace of the czars, fevcra! churches, 2 convents, the patri- archal palace, and the arlcnal now in ruins. 2. Tlie Khitaigoiod, or the Chi- nefe town, whicii is n;U(.h larger than tlie Kremlin : it cont;;iiis the univerfity, the printing-- houfe, and many other public buildings, witli all the tradermtii\ (Imps. The houjes are moflly fluccoed, or whi'^. vvalhed ; aiid it lias tlic only llreet in Mot- cow in which th;.- houles ftand clofe to each other, without any interval between tliem. 3. The Bielgorod, or White Town, which runs nund ihe two preceding divi- fions : it takes it's name from a wl-.ito wall, by which it was formerly furround- ed. 4. Semlainogorod, which tiivirons F f all M O S all file oflier three quarters ; nrd is fo de- noininatccl from a circulnr rampart of earth by which it is encompafllrl. The two laft-nicntioneil divifions exhibit a gro- tclqvic group of churclics, convents, pi- laccs, bnck and woockn houfts, and iiiepn hovels. 5. The Sloboda, or fubuihs, whicli form a valt exterior circle round all the parts already del'cribed, and arc inveft- ed by a low ranipait and ditch. Thele fubuibs contain, btfules buildings of all hii.'is, corn-ticlds, much open pallure, and Ibme Imall 1 ikes, which give rife to the Neglina. The Mufkva, from which the city tiikes ii's name, flows through it in a winding channel ; but, excepting in Spring, is only navigable for rafts. It receives the Yaufa in the Semlainogorod, and the Neglina at the wefttrn extremity of the Kremlin ; but the beds of both tliefe laft-mentioned rivulets aie, in fum- mer, little betttr than dry channels. Mof- cow exhiliits an aftonifhing degree of ex- tent and variety, iiiegularily,and contrail. The ftreets, in general, are very long and broad. Some of them are paved ; others, particularly in the fuburbs, are formed with trunks of trees, or are boarded with pianks like the floor of a room. Wretch- ed hovels are blended with large palaces ; cottages of one (lory ftand next to the moft {lately manfions ; many brick flruflurts are covered with wooden tops : Ibme of the wooden houfes arc painied ; others iiave iron doors and roofs. Numerous churches appear in every quarter, built in a peculiar ftyle of architeclure 5 fome wiih domes of copper, others of tin, gilt, or painted green, and many roofed v.ith %'ood. In a word, ibme parts of this vaft city ha%'e the appearance of a fcqueftered •lefert ; others, quarters^ of a ])opiilous town; fome of a poor village j others of a great capital. Mofcow is certainly the largeft town in Europe ; it's circumfc- lence, within the rampai t that indoles the fuburbs, being i6 milts ; but it is built in fuch a Itraggling manner, that it's popu- lation correfponds, in no degree, wish it's extent. It has, however, been pjetty well afcertained : it contains, within the ram- parts, 300,000 fouls. It is Hill the moll populous city in the empire, notwithftand- ing the refidence of the court is at Peterl- bui gh. Here the chief nobles refide, who do not belong to the court: they here fup- port a large numbci' of retainers ; gratify their tafte for a ruder ami more expeniive magnificence in the ancient feudal Ityle j and are not, as at Peterlburghjcclipfed by the fuperior fplendov of the court. The f Ihkcs of public woiftiip in Molcww, in- M OS eluding chapels, amount to above loodj of theCe, 48/I. are public chuiches, 199 of which are of brick, (luccoed, or whiie- waflied ; and the others of wood, painted red. Some of their bells are of a ftu- pendous fize: they hang in beltreys de- taciied fiom the church, are fixed im- movtabiy to the beams, ?.nd are rung by a rope tied to the clapper. It has alwsys been efteemed here a meritorious aft of re- ligion to prefent a church with bells; and the piety of the donor has been meal'ur- ed by their magnitude. Accordingly, Boris Godunuf, who gave a bell of 288,000 pounds to the cathedral ot Mof- cow, was the moft pious foveieign oi Rui- fia, till he was furpafl"ed by the cmprefs Anne, who prcfented a bell tiiat weighs 43^,ooo pounds, and is the laigcft in the known world. Among the public infti- tutions, in Mofcow, is the Foundling Plofpital, endowed, in 1764., by Catharine, and liipported by voluntary contributions; to encourage which, fhe granted to all be- jiefa6lors Ibme valuable privileges, in pro- portion to the extent of their liberality 5 and, it is remarkable, that a private mer- chant, named Dimidof, has expended on this charity 200,000!. The gardens here- abouts yield the famous tranlparent apple, called by theRuflTnus Naliwi, with variety of other huits. Mofcow is the centre of the inland commerce of Ruflia, particular- ly conneiling the trade betwten Europe and Siberia. The navigation to this city is formed folely by the Molkva, which, falling into tlie Occa, near Cuiomna, com- municates, by that river, with the Volga. But as the Mo/kva is navigable in the fpring only, upon the melting of the fnovvs, the piincipal merchandifeis conveyed upon fledges in winter. This city is 460 miles SE. of Peteifljurgh, and 1200 N. by E. of Conft.-ntinople, Lat. 55. 4.5. N. Ion. 37. 31.E. Mofe, a river that runs through Leicef. Derb. and Stafl^. and falls into the Trent, near Croxhall. Mofe, ElTex, SW. of Hai'wich. Mcfcdale, Cuinb. SE. of Ire- by. Mofedalc, Weftmorland. Mofeleyi Worcefterfliire, in Bromfgrove p;. and Peifia to the W. Moultan is feated on the Chunaub, 200 miles SW. of Lahore, and 80a miles from the lea by the courfe of the river. Lit. 19. 52. N. Ion. 70. 40. E. Moultborp, Yorkf. SW. of New Mil- ton. Mouttoii, Yorkf. near Richmond. Mouhon, Sufiolk, E. of Ncwmirker. Moid- ton, CheHiire, near S.indbach. Moultan, 3 miles from Northampton. Motillon,'L'mc. near the Wafli. Moulton, Norfolk, W. of Yarmouth. Mo:i!ton Chapel, Line. SE. of Spalding. Moulton-Second, Line. NE. of Spalding. Moultan, Little and Michael, Norfolk, E of New Buckenham. Moiil- fon-Park, NE. of Northampton. Moultan, North, Devonlhire, on the river Moul, and fhe N. lide of South MouUon. MouLTON, SotjTH, a townof Devon- fliire, iVaied on the river Moul, ii miles SE. of Earnftaple, and 179 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. MounJford, Norfolk, SE. ol Methwold. Mounjhd, Surry, SE. of Godalmin. Mountague, or Movntacute, Somerfetfliire, 3 miles W. of Yeovil. Mount -Belleiu- Bridge, in Galway, Con- naught, here are good flour-mills. Mount- Bolus, in Kings County, Lclniicr. Mount-Boon, Dcvonl'. near D'hi tnx)Uth. M o u N T - B L A N c. See Blanc, Mont. Moust-Cassei.. SeeCASSEX.. Mojint -Charles, in Donegal, Ulller. Mount-Drakey Devonfhiie, in Mulbury par if h. Mount -Eagle, a high mouiifain In Mayo, Counaughr, otherwlli? called Croa/;h Pa- trirk. Mount EagU l.ojal, in Kfny, Miinller. Mouxr-EucECC.MflC. a rounJ high M O U peak, nt fhe entrance of Cook's Strait, on the NE. coalt of New Zealand; fupjKJItd to be not nmtfh inferior in heigiu to that of the Teak of Teneriff. Mount- Gabriel, a conical hill, in Cork, Munfter, 300 yards higher than the lurfacc of the fea. On it's fummit there is a deep lougii or well; and, fioni it a profpeft of vaft extent, over a rude uncul- tivated country, from the Mizen-Head to Rofs, comprehending a great numbtr of iflands, bays, creeks, and harbours. Mountgarret, in Wexford, Leinfter, Mountgarret Ferry, in Kilkenny, Lcinlter. Mount-Grace, Yorki. NE. of Thirfk. Mount Hall, In Down, Uilttr. Mount- Hamilton, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Mount-Harry, Sulftx, VV. of Lewes. Mouftt Hill, 111 Down, Ulfter. Mount- Leiiijier, in Cat low, Leiiiffer. On the top of it is a very deep well, the water of which is ufed againlt fcorbutic and icrofu- lous humours : groule, hares, and foxes, are numerous here. Mount Mally, a name giver, to Slieu-Donard, in Down, Ulitei. Mount MarJJi, Kent, near Foot'^-Ciay. * MouNTMELLiCK, a pretty neat town of Qu^cens County, in Leinfler, 4.1 miles W. of Dublin. The wool-combing, malting, and tanning bullnelles, with the cotton manufacture and bleaching, are cairied on here. Mou?it Na/ing^EKex, NW. of Billerl- cay. Mount- Nugent, in Cavan, Ulfcer. Mounton, Chapel and Hall, Monm. in Llanvaren parilh. Mount Ottery, or Up- per Otlery, Devonf. NW. of Axminltci. Mount Pelier, in Limerick, Munfter. Mount- F leaf ant, Middlefex, near Horn- fey. Mount Pleafant, Herts, N. of Eaft Barnet. Mount- PojntngSjDovitl^l^nt, near the Lulworths. *MouNTRATH, a town of Queen's County, in Leinlier, a few miles SW. of Maryborough, and 4.6 from Dublin. Mount- Sauire, Devonfhire, NW. of Axminfter. MouNTSEAY, a bay on the S. coafl of Cornwall, between the Land's End and the Lizard Point, fo named from a lofty peninfulated, and at high water inlulated, rock, called Mount St. Miciiael, which rifes within it. In Mountfhay is a confi- derable pilchard fifh^ry. MouNTSORREL, a town in Leicefler- fliire, fo named from a high mount, or folid rock, adjoining to the town, of a dulky red, or fbtrel- coloured (lone, ex- tremely hard. Of rough ffores, hewn out of this rock, the town is built. It is f«3tcd on the river Stour, 8 xnlies N. ot Leiccller^ M O U Xeicefter, and 105 NW. by N. of Lon- don. Market on Monday. Mount Talbot^ in Rolcommon, Con- naiia;ht. AI0UR.A, a town of Alentejo. Mourkin, or Mcpperkiit, Cumberland, near Pardlhaw, has a fmall lake or tarne. Mourfu, a baronv, in Down, Ulfter, lb named from a ridge of high mountains, cal led tlie Mountains of Mourne. Mourue, in Cork, Munlter, called alfoBallynamona. MouRZOOK, the capital of Fezzan, in Africa, fituated on a fniall river, and (up- plied with water trom a multitude of I'prings and welis. Being formerly built of ftone, it ftill retains the appellation of a Chiilfian town; and the medley which it prelents to the eye, of the vaft ruins of ancitnt buildings, and the humble cot- tages of earth and fand that form the dwellings oi it's prefent Arab inhabitants, is fingularly grotei'que and ftrange. Jt is furruunded by a high wall, which enables the government to coUecf, at it's three gates, a tax on all goods (provlilons ex- cepted) that are brought for tlie lupply of it's people. A caravan lits out annually trom Mefurata to this place; and hence, the Fczzanners themfrlves difpatch, every year, a caravan to Caflma, and another to Bornou. Mourzook is iGt. miles S. of Mefurata. Lat. 27. 20. N. Ion. 15. 5. E. Moujhall, StaffordHiire, S. of Wolver- hampton. MoufehoLif Cornwall, on the W. fide of Mountfbay ; here is a harbour ior iifiiing-boats. Mouftlejf Leicefter- fllire, NW. of Harborough. MousuL, or Mosul, a town of Tur- key, in Afia, in Diarbeck, feated on the W, bank of the river Tigris, It is a large place, liirrounded by liigh walls, and jtlefendcd by a ftrong caftle; but the houfes are ill-built, and in feveral places gone to ruins. It is a place of great trade, parti- cularly in cloth, and all forts of cottons and illks. The inhabitants are a mixture of Arabians, Perfians, Turks, Curds, Greek and Armenian Chriltians. Here are confiderable manufaiUues of cotton. Merchandil'e from India is brought hither by the way of Balfna, and European goods by the way of Aleppo. It is 130 miles SE. of Diarbekir, and 190 NW. oi Bagdad. Lat. 35. 40. N. Ion. 41. 15. E. Moustiers, a town in the dept. of the Lower Alps, noted for a nianufa6lure of fine porcelain. It is 5 miles NE. of Riez. Moutjer, or MoNSTiER, a town in the dept. of Mont Blanc. It is feated on the river Ifere, 27 miles ESE. of Cham- berry. MouzoN, a town in the dept. of the M U C Ardennes, feated on the river Meufe, S miles SE. of Sedan, and 120 NNE. of Paris. Mozvan, Cornwall, near St. Auftel. Mo-ivbruk, Lancafhire, near Kirkham in Amoundernefs. Mozvcap, Northumber- land, near Kirkhaugh. MowEE, one of tiie Sandwich Iflands* about 140 miles in circumference. A low illhmus divides it into two circular penin- fulas, of which tlie eaftcrn is double the fize ol the wefttrn. The mountains in both rife to a great height, and may be feen at the diltance oV more than 30 leagues. The northern fliores, like thole of Owyhee, afford no foundings, and the country prefents the fame appearance of Verdure and fertility. Near the W. point of the fmaller peninfula is a fpacious bay, with a fandy beach fliaded with cocoa-nut trees. The country behind has a roman- tic appearance, the hills rifmg alinoft per- pendicularly in a great variety of peaked torms ; and their fteep fides, and the deep chafms between them, are covered with trees. The tops of thefe hills are entirely bare, and of a reddifli brown colour. The inhabitants are computed at 65,000. Lat. 20. 53. N. Ion. 157. 56. W. Moavjhuell, Northumberland, between Woller and Sunderland. Mcxall, War- wickfliire, in Wi/haw parifti. Aloxby, Yorkfhire, near Stillington. Moxon, llie of Wight, in W. Medina. Moy, in T\-rone, UHtci-. Moy, a river of Connaught, feparating the counties of Mayo and Siigo, and falling into the Atlantic below the port of Kilalla. Moy^ alien, in Down, Ulfter. The linen manu- tafture is carried ori here. It is 3 miles from Portadown, and 63 from Dublin. Moi'ENVic, a town in the dept. of Meurthe, 3 miles E. of Vic. It is re- markable for it's falt-fprings. Moyles Court, Hants, near Riiigwood, Mqynally, \\\ Mcath, Ltinfter. Alojnff in Mayo, Connaught. Moynes-Court, Monm. near Caeileon, Mojncs in Hi:mjh^l, Eiftx, between Rad- vvinter and Steeple Bundled. Moyvore, in Weft Meuth, Ltinfter. MozcisiAW, a town and palatinate •£ Lithuania. Muakei; Yorkf. in S.valdale. MucbeU nej Ijle, Sonierletfliiie, S. of Langport. MuciDAN, a linall town in the dcpf, of Dordogne, Uated on the river Illc, 8 miles SW. of Pcrigueux. MuckinfieU, Devoid", near North Taw. ton. Mucking, Eftex, N. of Tilbury. Mucking- Ha/l, Eflex, between Sutton and the Wakerings, MuckingSt Middl. E, F H "of M U L of Tottenham. Miuklrford, Dorfetf, reai' Frampton. Muckh/hn, Staff, near Bloie- Jleath. Muckle^viiky Sliroprtiire, NE. of Bifhop's-Callle. Muckley, Sluopfliiie, be- tween Weill and Wellington. Mucrufs-Lake, near the Lake of Kil- larney. Mudford, Somei'f. between Ilche(l-er and Sherboin. M^r/g/'///, Wilts, between Bra- don Fore ft fend Wutton BafTef. Mud- gian, Cornwall, near Hciford-H-ivcn. MuEHR, or MuERAVV, a town of Sti- ria, on the Muehr. ^ MUEUR, a great river of Germany, v/hich has it's fourcc in the archbithipric of Saltzburg, erodes Stiria, pafies by Jii- denbuigh and Gratz, and falls into the river Drave, 6 miles S. of Kanifli;!, in Hungary. Muff, in Cavan, Muf\ in Derry, and M:/ff, in Donegal, Ulfter. MuGGiA, orMuGLiA, a town of Illria, on a gulf of the fanie name. Mugghigton, NW. of Derby. Mug- glefwtck, Durham, NW. of Lanchefter. MuiRKiRK, a town of Ayrfliiie, on tiie river Ayr, with a confiderable iron work. MulahiJJi, and Mulahuff, or Mullahuff, 3n Kerry, Munfter. Mulberton, Norfolk, between Harlefton and Norwich. Mulcote-Abbey, Warw. between Atherfton and Warwick, MuLDAW, a river of Germany, which rifes in the mountains between Bohemia and Bavaria, and running by Budweis and Prague, falls into the Elbe above Mel- mick. MuLDORF, a town of Saltzburg, Ba- varia. MUlhausen, an imperial and Han- featic city of Thuringia, Upper Saxony, feated in a fertile country, on the river Unftrutht, 15 miles NE. of Eifenach, and 45 E. by S. of Cafll'l. MuLHAUSEN, a town c' Alface, which though fituated at the diftance of fome miles from the frontiers of SwifTerland, fend inhilated by the French dept. of the Upper Rhine, is not only in alliance with the Helvetic confederacy, but is confidered and refpeifted as a part of it, and entitled to all the privileges enjoyed by tiiat body. The walls of the town inclofe a circumte- rence of not more than two miles j and it's whole territory is confined wit^iin a pre- cinft of eight miles. This little republic maintained it's privileges, which had been grantedby theemperors in thefeudal times, by contrafting alliances, at different pe- riods, with Bafil, S:ra(burg, the towns of Aiface and Suabia, Bern, Frlburg, and SoUuie. In J515) it was received into M U L ♦he Helvetic confederacy} which Icigue has prefervcd it's liberty and independence fromtiie encroachments of the empire, on the one hind, and, on the otlier, from the attacks of I'Vauce. The town contains about 6000 inhal)itants, who are ProtclU ants ; niid there are 2000 people in it's adjacent villages. It owes it's prelent flourifhing Itate to it's m?.n;if36\ures, which arc chiefly of printed linens and cottons. The government is arifio-democratical. The lupreme power refides in the great and 'ittle council, confilting together of 78 pei f ins, and drawn from the burghers, whole number amounts to 700, diHribut- ed into 6 tribes. Muihaufcn is 15 miles NW. of Bifle. MuLHEiM, two towns of Berg, Weft- piialia. Mull ofCantyre. SeeCANXYRE. Mull of Galloway, a rocky pro- montory, the molf foutherly point of Scot- land, in the county of Wigton, Mull, one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, about 2z miles in length, and, in fome places, of an equal breadth. There are imny good natural harbours; but there is only one village, called To- bermorey, where a fifhing ftation has been lately erected. The foil is unfavourable for corn, being, for the nioft part, rocky antl barren. The mountains, however, aliound witli fprings, and are covered with cattle, of which a gieat number are annu- ally exported. Thefe, with fifh, and a confiderable quantity of kelp, are the only articles of commerce. Mulle, a river in Montgomery/hire. MuUegkgreiv, in Louth, Leinlkr. MuLLERAb, or Muhlrose, a town in the Middle Marche, Brandenburg. Muttian, Cornwall, on the coaft, between Hellton and Lizard-Point. MulUnakoKe, in Tipperary, Munfter, Midl'.nako^v, and MuUbiavat, in Kilken- ny, Leinlter. *MiaLiNGAR, the county-town of Well M-ath, in Leinfter. It holds a great wool-m:n*i, is a place of good trade, and is fented on the river Foylt, 38 miles W. of Dul;lin. MuLLiTS, or Mullets, acluT-erof irtands on the NW. point of the county of M,:yo, in Cnic places are mountainous, but the valleys ate embel- lifhcd with coin -fields. Th.e moll general commodities are corn, cattle, wood, wool, and fifli. It contains the couniies of Clare, Tipperary, Watvrtord, Cork, Limerick, and Kerry. The principal town of Cork. MuNSTERUURG, a principality of Schweidnitz; and a town of the princi- pality of Munftuburg j both in Silefia. f f .\. MUK5TEIV M U R MussTER -Mkinfi LT, a town of Treves, \z miles WSW. of Cobltntz. MuRANO, an idami ami town of Italy, about 1 mile trom Venice, formerly a very floiirirtiing place. The great manutafto- jies of lookiiig-glaCs, induce ftraiigers to vifit this place, which formerly ftrvetl all Europe with looking glalles. Inltead of being caft, as in England and France, the Murano minors aie :.ll blown in the man- ner of bottles. MuRClA.a piovince, formerly a king- dom of Spain, on the coalt of the Medi- terranean. It is about 1 15 miles in length and 100 in breadth. It's principal river IS Segura. The foil is dry, becaule iti'cl- dom rains here, and therefore produces Jittle corn or wine; but there is plenty of oranges, citrons, lemons, ulives, almonds, r-.ulbcriies, rice, piiile, fiigar, filk, and grain. The air is very healthful, and the principal town is of the lame name. MURCIA, a large, handibme, ami po- pulous city of Spain, capital ci a province of the lame name. It was a Roman city, named Venus Mjrtia. It has a fuperb ca- thedral, the ftaiis of whofe fteeple are fo contrived, that a man may ride up to the top eith.er on hcrllback or in a coach. The inns here, like thofe in molt of the great roads, &c. of Spain, a.Tord but wretched lodgings and accommodations, being generally kept by Gitans, or Gyp- lics. It is leatcd in a plain, whxh abounds in fine gaidens about the city, in whicii are the bell fiuits in Spain. It is leated on the river Segura, 56 miles SSW. of Valencia, and 212 SE. of Madrid. Lat. 38. 2. N. Ion. I. 14.. \V. Mured, Gloucef. in Wickham paridi. MuRET, a town in the dcpt. of Upper Garonne, feated on the river Garonne, 10 miles S. of Touloufe. Muriot-End, Northamptonfliire, NE. of D.ivenirv. MuRO, a town of Otranto ; and a town of Bafdicata ; both in Naples. Murray-Frith, a confiderable bay or inlet of the lea, on the E. coaft of Scot- land, between Tarhetnefs, in Rolsrtiire, on tlie N. and Brough-Hcad, in Munay(hire, on the S. Murrayshirk, or Elginshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the Frith of Murray, on the E. by Banff- fljire, on the S. by a point of Aberdeen- lliire, and by Invernelsfhire, and on the W. by that county and N;'.irnef}iire. It extends from SW. to NE. about 50 miles, and alon^ the coaft about lo. Some parts of it are hilly ; but it's foil, for the great- tit part, is rich, and products wheat, bar- M Y D ley, oats, and flax. The principal rivcrt are the Spey, Findhorn, and Loffie. The c, N. and S. Nott. near Newark. Muscovy. See Russia. Mufden-Grange, Staff, near Crockden. Miifgrave, Great and Little, Weftmorl. NVV". of Kirby-Steven. Mufgry, and Mujkerry,\n Cork, Munfter. Musselburgh, a fea-port of Edin- burghdiire, feated on the Frith of Forth, at the moutli of the liverElk. It is 6 miles E. of Edinburgh. MusTAGAM, or Mostagan, a fea- port pf Algiers. Mujion, Leicefterf. SE. of NornBanton. Mujion, Dorfetf. NE. of Bere. Mufion, Yorklh. near the coaft and Hunanby. iMufzvell-Hilt, a village of Middlefex, NE. of Highgate, antl 5 miles from London. Mutford, Suffolk, between Beccles and Keliingland. Muthel-Church, in Waterford, Munfter. Mutk-vej, a river in Carmarthenfhire. Mutkivey, rivers in Merionethfhire and Cardiganfliire. Muuras, Carmarthenf. MuYDE\, a town of N. Holland. Mycene, formerly the capital of a fa- mous kingdom in the Morea, but now re- duced to a fmall village. Myconi, an iiland of the Archipelago, about 2^ miles in circumference. The harbour is very open, and deep enough for the largelt fliips, where they may ride lecure from the N. wind. There are about 500 fcafaring men in the ifland, who belong to about 150 vefi'els, and are ac- counted pretty good failors. The foil is dry, but the mountains are of no great height. Water is veiy Icarce in fummer ; but in the town there is a large well, which is the only one in the ifland. The iiland produces little wheat, but plenty of pditridges, quails, woodcocks, turtle- doves, rabbits, and beccaficos j befide which there are excellent grapes and figs. The inhabitants, who are about 3000, are almoft all Greeks, and have fifty churches, chapels, or monalleries. Two or three European nations have cohIuIs here, and yet very few fliips frequent it. Lat. 37. 2S. N. Ion. 25. 51. E. Mydloe, Huntingdonl, near Hailwefton. Mydrim, M Y S MyJri.fit Carmarthenfliire. Myles, EfHiX, ueu" KclvedoTi. Myljion, Sh.roplh. near Cltbiiry. Mjnchiiio'jarro-ujf Somerlctfli. near Batli. My/ljaU, in Carlow, Leinder. Mysore, a tov-u ot HIiKlooftan, an- ciently the capital ot the kingcloni To call- ed, 10 miles S. ol Scringapatam, the pie- fcnt capital. Mysore, a Iclngdom in the peninfnla bt Hindoolian, fubje'ft to Tippoo Sultan, who ftyles lumfelf regent of the country. It Includes generally, befide the Myfore Pioper, the countries of Bednore, Coim- bettore, Canara, and Dindigul ; beiule the conquefts of his late father Hyder Ally (wiio uunped the throne) to the nortliward j niinely, ?JerItz, Soonda, Ciutteldroofj, Harponelly, Sanore Banca- pour, Roydroog, G.ioty, Condanoie, Ci- iioul, and Cuddapah. The extent of Tippoo's territory, from N. to S. is near 500 miles ; it's breadth, in the wideft place (the N. part of the peninfub) 3^0 miles, but proceeding to the'S. it dinu- niHies, till it ends in a point. By the peace of 17S2, Hyder Ally was tu rciin- M Y S qnlfii all but his antrient pofilflion?. How far his fucctflbr iuifilied the ternib of liiat treaty, cannot ealjiy be ai'tertained j bur, on the termination of the late war, that prince agreed, belides payir.g a large fiun of money, to cede one hrdf of liii domi- nions to the Englilh E. India Company, and their allies, the Mahrattas, aiul the nizam of the Deccan. The military eftab- liflimentof Tippoo is reckoned at 155,000 men, of whom about 70,000 are regular troops, of a clafs nmch iiiperior to any force ever before railed and ^iiiciplijied by a native of India. A deicendant <>»' the Hindoo king oi Myfore, whom Hjdcr de- throned, ^is living, and is kept a ft.ite pril'oner at Seringapatam. Th.e country, in general, is dry, rugged, mountainous, and barren ; inlomuch, that I'ulicnance for men and animals cannot be railtd upon it but by the moll peri'evering indiutry in it's inhabitants. Mj£lfe, YorklhIre,,NW. of Rippon. Mjthe, Gloucef. in Tc^vkcfbury parifli, Mj'totr, York!", between Boroughbrid'^c and Tenmlle-Hili, wliere the S.valc L-Hps into tile Ure, as it were, ixom a precipice. -^"gTiTTI'ififf^ TTIT — NAG "AAS, the county-town, and al- ternately with Athy, tlie atllze- tovvii ut Kddare, in Leinlter, It is fitu- ated on the great pod road between Dub- lin and MuiUter, near tiie Grand Canal, 15 miles SW. of the metropolis. Na-'orn., Yorkf. in tlie E. Ridingr, E. of the Oufc, and S. of ihe city of York. Naburg, a town of Bavaria. Ncihj, Yorkfliirc, ncnr Barnard-Caftle. Nackington, a mile and a l.alf SE. of Can- terbury. Nation, Suffolk, near Ipfwjch. NadJer, a river in Wilts. Nadriii, in Cork, Munlter. Naerden, or Naarden, a town of N. Holland, capital of a country called Goyland, which includes Naerden and 18 villages. It is I'cated on the Zuyder Zee, II niiics SSE. of Amfterdam, and 15 N. of Utrecht. Nafferton, Yorkfhire, SW. of Kilham. U afford, Worcef. near Eckington. Nagibania, a town of Hungary, on the river Zarud, 30 miles NE.of Zatmar. Near it there are gold and lilver mines of great produce. Nagle Mountainsy in the S. of Cork, Munlter. Nagold, in Wirtemburg, Suabia, NAT Nagpour, the capital of part of Be.ar, in Hindooltan, fubjeit to Moodajcc Jioon- flah, the chief of the Ealtcrn Mali: atlas. It is a city of modern date; but, though extenfive and populous, is poorly built j and, excepting a Imall citadel of no ftrength, is open and dcfencelefs. , Tiie country around it is fertile and well culti- vated. It is 48S miles W. by S. ot Cai- cutta. Lat. Z1.15.N. Ion. 79. +6. E. Nahar-Malei:, a town of Alia, in Irac-Aiabia, I'eated near the Euplirate:.. Naharvan, a town of Afia, in Irac- Aiabj.i, 5 miles from Kufah. Najera, a town of Old C iftiie. Nail'-y, Weiimorl. near Kiiby Steven, Nailef-worth, Gloucefterfliire, near Mincli- ing Hampton. Nairne, a fea-port of Naiinefluie, feated at the entrance of the Frith of Mur- ray, 10 miles E. of Invernel's, and 104. N. of Edinburgh. Nairneshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the Frith of Mur- ray, and inclofed on every other fide by the counties of Invernels and Murray. It' s extent from N. to S. is about 15 miles, and it's breadth about 12. The foil, though rocky, is rich, and, in gene- ral NAM r.il, well cultivated. Naiine is the coun- ty town. Naksxvan, a town of Pcifian Arme- nia, capital of a province of the fame name, with an arclibifhop's fee, fome con- liilernble hazais.Caravanllras, public baths, mul other buikiings. It is iuj^pofed to have been (hi- ancient Artaxata, and once con- tai:icd 4.0,000 houles. In the laft century, here were 2000 houfes. It is 90 miles SE. of Erivan. Nailers, Dorfetf. in Afkerwel'parifh. Namari, a mountain of Sicily, between MclVina, Taormina, and Mclazzo. Namphio. See Nanfio. •*NAMPTWiCH,alarge, well-Uuilttown of Chtfliire, feated on the river Weevc-r, vhich runs through the middle cf it. Here are falt-fprings, which lie on the banks of a frefli-water ftream, from which they make great quantities of vvliite fait. The principal dairies of Chefhire are :;bout this town. It is zS miles SE. of Cheftti", and i6a NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Namur, a city and county of the Ne- therlands. It has: a ftrong callle built in the middle of the town, on a (harp rock, and is defended by many otiicr confider- able forts. In 1691, k was befieged by Lewis XIV. and the Duke of Luxemburg, with an army of 120,000 men, and fur- rendered in light of King William's army. Vauban and Cohorn, the two greateft en- gineers Europe ever bred, exhaufted the whole fcience of attack and defence in the liege of this place. Cohorn was danger- ouily wounded in the defence of Fort Co- h.vp. N.imurwas, however, retaken by King William, in 1655, afier many drcad- iui attacks. Xiie trenches were opened on July I], and the citadel furrendered on tire hrft day of September. The garrifon, conilftiiig of 16,000 men, was command- ed by Marfhal Buufflers. It is feated at the confluence of the Maefe and Sambre, 25 miles SW. of Liege. Lat. 50. 29, N, Jon. +. 50. E. Namur, a cour^ty of the Netherlands, {ving between the rivers Sambre and Maei'e, It is pretty fci'tile j has feveral fo- Vtlts, marble quarries, and mines of iron, lead, and coal, and is about ■^o n\ile!> in iength and 20 in bieadih. Namur is the capital. Nan CI, a large and handfoir.e city, al- ternately capital with Luneville, of the depart, of hlcorthe. It contains about 34,000 inhabitants, and is divided into the Old .and New Town, which are fepa- ra ted by a canal. The fiift, though irre- gularly built, is rich aud populous, and NAN contains the palace of the ancient dukes of Lorrain. The New Town, whofe (freet* art as ftraight as a line, was already one of the fineft in Europe, before the magni- ficent works with which Staniflaus I. titu- lar king of Pohind, and duke of Lorrain, enriched it. Before the revolution, it had an univeifity, an academy of fcicnces, and a medical college. It is 10 miles E. of Toul, and 25 S. of Metz. Lat. 4.8. 41. N. Ion. 6, 17. E. Najiel'j, Lcictderf, NE. of Bofworth. Nanehy, S. of Lincoln. Nofiezvorlh, Wi-ltiiioi 1. near Ptnrith. Nanito, an ifland of the Archipelago, a little to the N. of the Ifland of Santori- no, 16 miles in circumference. It has no harbour; the mountains are nothing but bare rocks, and there are not fprings fuf- ficient to water the fields. The inhabit- ants are all Greeks, an indolent fort of people, whofe trade confifts in onions, \vax, and honey. There are vaft numbers of partridges, whofe eggs they endeavour to deftroy every year, to preferve the corn, ytt there are ftil! great numbers of them. The ruins of the temple of Apollo are yet to be feen, and conlift chiefly of marble columns. Lat. 36. 27. N. Ion. 26. 10. E. Nangasaki, a town of Japan, on the W. coaft of the Ifland of Ximo, with a well-frequented harbour. It is the only port of Japan open to foreigners. The inhabitants carry on a great trade with the Chinefe and Dutch. The latter are never fufferetl to come into the city, un- lefs when tlieir (hips arrive, and then they deliver up tiieir guns, helms, and Cinls, as pledgvfs of their good behaviour. Lat, 32, 32. N. Ion. 130. 52. E. Nanking, a city of China, capital cf the province of Kiangnan. It is the larg- elt in Ciiina, being 17 miks in circumter rcnce, and about 3 miles dillant from the great river Yang-tife-Chiang, from which canals arc cut, fo large, that veflels may enter tiie town. This place is greatly fallen from it's ancient fplendor ; for it had a magnificent palace, which is quite dellroyed, as well as many ancient monu- ments. A third part of the city is defo- •late, but the reft is well inhabited. The ftreets are narrow, but handl'ome and wcU paved, and on each fule are fliops, neatly iurniflix-d. The public buildings are mean, except a few temples, the city gates, and the famous tower of porcelain, 20a feet high, and covered with green varnifli- ed tiles. They have feveral manufaftures in f:ik and wool. The number of the irx- habitants is laid to be i, coo, 000, with- our comprehending the garrifon ot 4o,ooc^ men. NAN men. H^re the phyficians have their prin- cipal academy. It is feateti on the river Kiam, 500 iniks SSE. of Peking. Lat. 31. 4. N. Ion. 119. 15. E. Nans, Corawall^ W. of Redruth. Nantf.s, an ancient town in thedep^. of Lower Loire. It is one of the mod confiderable plac:s in the kingdoni, and contains the I'icheft merchants. The biidges over the river Loire, in wliich are fome iflands, arcahnolt a league in length. The fiihurbs are lb large, tliat they exci-'ed the city. The inhabitants are conipiued at 80,000. Before the revolution, here was an imiverfity, a fociety of agriculture and arts, and a ichool of anatoiny and furgery ; tlie merchants, alfo, had com- monly, on their own account, more tlian 120 fliips for Guinea, the French Wcd- India iflands, Spain, and the Spanifh co- lonies ; indeed this port, in rdpeft of the man- trade, might, before that time be confidered ns the Liverpool of France ; but it's Guinea merchants piqued thcm- felves a httle on their Cuperior humanity ; •for, while,' laid they, « the Engiifti and Du!ch, wanting to be quit of their ne- groes, (who N. B. were infured like any other goodi) make them walk the plank, or throw them overboard j we only drop a little corrofive fublimatc into their vic- tuals, when they ficken and die without knowing what hurtcd thenv' Vellels were fitted out here for the cod-fi(hery in N. America ; and, Nantes has had a confider- able (hare in the commerce with the Unit- ed Slates. A great quantity of fait is made in the territory of Nantes ;. both at the Bay of Bourgneuf, and in the falt- marfhss of Guerandc and Croilic. Lirge veflcls can come no higlier than Paimboeuf, whicii is Tome miles below N.intes. It i^ 37 miles SW. of Angers, and 217 SW. of Paris. Lat. 4.7. 13. N. Ion. i. 28. W. Nanteiiane, in Limerick, Mnnfter. NantgijJLl Co've, Cornw. at the Land's End. Na/jtglw, Dtnbighdi. N. Wales. Nantua, a town in the dept. of Ain, fituated at the exircnuty of a great lake of the lame name, 18 miles SSE. of Bourg. Nantucket, an ifland of N. Ame- rica, i'n the (tate of Maflachufets, of whicii a is a county. It lies to the S, of Cape C^d, and had once the molt confider- able whale fidiery on the coaft ; but it was almolt ruiiicd by the American wai'. It has begun, however, to revive lately ; the greatcit part of the inhabitants being wiialers and lilhermen. As the illand is Jo'-, fandy, and barren, it is calculated for fuel) people only as are vyilling to de- pend ulmt/U cnri'-ely on the watery ele- NAP ment for fubfiHence. It has but one tr.wn, called Sherburne. The inhabitants are moftly quakers. Lat. 41. o. N. Ion. 70. o. W. Nan-twick. See Namptwich. ^ Napatjl, a province of Hi-dooltan, between ilu- NW. p.ut of Bengal f.rnl the mountainous ridge of Himmalch ; it is fubjedt to Thibet. Catmandu is t.he ca- pital. Naples, an ancient, large, rich, and trading city of Lavora, iti Italy, one of the fine-t in the world, capital of a king- dom of t!ie fame name, with an univerfny. It is feated at th.- bottom of the Bay of Naples, and is built in the fcrm of a vaft amphirheatre, Hoping from the hills to ilie fea. Although the (tyle of architefture is inftiior to what prevails at Rome, and it cannot vie with that city in the number or magnificence of the chuiclies, palaces, and public jtiildings, the private houfes, in general, are better built, and the ftreets are broader and better paved. No (treet in Pvome equals in beauty the Strada di Toledo at N.iples ; nor can any of them be compared with the beautiful ftreets which lie open to the bay, and here the excefhve heat of the fun is often tempered with the fea- breezes, and with galrs watt- ing the perfumes of the Campagna Felice. The houies, in general, are five or fix fiories in height, and flat at the top ; on which are placed numbers of flower-vafes, or fruit-trees, in boxes of earth, produc- ing a very gay ar.d agreeable effc61. On the mountain, St. Elmo, in a moft plea- fant fituation, is a convent of Carthuilans, on which much expence has been lavilhed, to render the building, the apartments, and the gardens, equal to the fituation. N:onelace. It is lo miles NW. ol Ipiwich, and 73 Mli. of London. Mar- ktt on VVidiK-lday. NEti)i-i:s, two rtiarp jwinted rocks at the W. ciul of the Irteot V/iglir, fo called from iheir flnrp extremities. Here were formerly three ot theic lofty white rocks ; Imt the talli !l oi ihem, cilled Lot's Wife, ill it's (inpe reftmbled a needle, which role 120 feet above low-water nrark, be- ing iinderniined by the waves, overl'et and Tot;diy (iiiappeared. Ncedzvood-^orejl, StafTordfliire, between tile Trent, Dove, and Blylhe, is laid to exceed hII the fortib in England in the t^tceilency of it's Toil, and the finenefs of i; '>; turf. NliEHEF.HFOW, OF Omeehow, One of the Sandwich Iflands, about 5 leagues W. cf Atooi. The ealtern coait is high, and riles abnvptly from the fea ; but the reft of the ifjsnd confifts of low ground, except a roumi bluff head on the foutheaff poinr. It jjioduces abundance of yams, and of a iV.'cn root; and, it contains about 10,000 inhabitants, Necn Sa~Jage, Shrtjpfliire, N. of Cle- burv. Neejdcn, iMidiflefcx, 5 miles bE. »!i' Harrow-wiitlie-Hill. Nelferii, a vil- laa;e near Newport in Pcmbrokcfhire. T lie church has no pavement in it, and the frequent burials have railed the ground within it to 7 or 8 feet higher than with- out it. Nefin, Carnarvonfliire. Nefta, a populous town of Tunis. Negapatam, a fea-port of Tanjore, on the coaft of Coromandci, 150 miles S. of Madras. Lat. io.46.N. Ion. 79. 56, E, Negoas, one of the Philippine Iflands. Negombo, a fea-port of Ceyhsn, 12 miles N. of Culumbo. Negrais, a fea port and ifland near the SE. coaft of Ava, on the E. fide of the Bay of Bengal, in the mouth of the river Perfaim. Lat. 15. 50. N. ion. 95. 33. E. Negr.il Point, a promontory of Ja- maica, on the W. fide ot Orange Bay. Negro-Cape, a promontory of Ben- guela. Lat. 16. 15. S. Ion. 12. 30. E. Negroes Island, one of the Philip- pine Iilamls, above 200 miles in circum- ference. About 5000 of the inhabitants are tributary (o the Spaniards. Negroland, or Kigritia, a vaff ex- tent of country in Ainca, through which tlu- liver Niger is fuppofed to run. It has a great liclert, called Zahara on the N. and ttrecciics far to the S. but little more N E L is known of the iiiLmd parts tlian the nsnies of Ibine of the town* and kingdoms of which it is compoled. liovi^evcr, the Euiopcjiis have many Icttleiucii.s on tl)e coalt, where ihey biirier Eurujjean goods for ilaves, gold-dult, elephants' teeth, gums, and drugs. N1.GROPON r, an ifiand of Turkey, in Euiope, near 100 iniies long, and from 8 to 16 broad, with a harbour, which is commonly the ftdtion of the Turkifli fliips. It abounds in corn, wine, fruits, flelh, fifli, and fowls. Tlie walls of the town, of the fame name, in which the Turks and Jews refde, are two miles and a half in circumference, but the fuburbs, where the ChriHians live, are ir.uch larger. The captain- bafliaw refides heie, who com- (Tiands the whole illand. The bridge reaches from tiie city to the continent, acrol's the Strait of Ncgropont. This ftrait was formerly called Euripus, and v/asmucli cclebrate N E R NeLlenburg,* town and landgravlate of Auftrian Siiabia. Nehies, Eflex, E. of Rumford. Nel- fon, Leicdletflure, neaiMHiket Bofworth. Nelson, a fort and lettUmen* in N. America, on tlie VV. fide of Hudl'on's B ;>', feated at the mouth of the river Nelfon. It is held by the Hudlon's Bay Company. Lat. 57. 7. N. ion. 92. 35. W. Nem^a, a village of Turkey in En- rope, in the More:'., famous in antiquity for the N-'m^an gamrs celebrated here. Nemet, Dijhops, Broad, St. George, Kings, Ro'ivland, and "tracji, all in D-rvon- /hire. Ntmmet, Somerleti. near Chew ton. Nemours, a town in the depart, of Seine and Maine, le?"-d on the fpot where ttood the town o'" Grex, in the time of Csefar, on the river Loing, 10 milts S; of Fontainbleau, and 26 SIil. of Paris. Nen, or Nine, the principal river of Northampton, which rifes in the W. part of the county. It is mde navigable at Northampton, leaves the county at Peter- borough, and croffing the Ifle of Ely, forms part of the W. boundary of Nor- folk, and falls into the Lincoln/hire Wafh^ It iikewifecommunicaies, by feveral chan- nels, with the Great Oule. *Nenagh, a town of Tipperary, in Munfter, feated on a branch of the river Shannon, 75 miles from Dublin. Nene Sollers, Siiiopfhire, S* of Clebury. Nenjicld, SulTex, S. of Aftiburnham. Neocastro, a town and fortrefs of Romania, 12 miles N. of Con(>antinople. Neofs, St. Cornwall, N. of Lelkard. *N£OT's, St. a large well-built town of Huntingdonihirc, leated on the river Oufe, over which is a Hone bridge. It is 20 miles WSW. of Cambridge, and 56 NNW. of London. M.uket on Thurlday. Nepean Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, oppofite Port Hunter, on the loath Coaft oi" Norfolk Khnd. It confdts en- tirely of i)^: mafs of fand, held together by the furrounding ciitVs, which lorm a border of hard rocks. N^tv/ithftanding there was not the hall ajip-^arance of earth or mould on the ifland, there were Upward of 200 very fine pints growing on it. The furface was covered with a kind of coarie grafs. Nepi, a town in the Patrimonio, Italy, with a bifliop's fee. Neptune" s Court, Hants, near Portf- mouth. Nerac, a handfome town in the dept. of Lot and Garonne, divided by the liver Baife into two parts, Great and Little Nerac. It is iz miks SW. ot Agen. Nerbwdda, a river of Hindooftan, N E S which ifTucs from a lake on the fouthcrii confines of the province o. Allahabad, and aft«^r a courfe of 550 miles ahnolt ('ue W. falls into ihe Gulf • v Can;bay, it ihiles N. ofS'irat. NEaiciA, a provinceof Sweden, having Wedmanland on "he N. and Sudernian- land on ;he E. Here are feveral flourifh- ing maiuifai'ilurcs of hurdware, ?.\'Mi it has always been reuu-vkable foi forging arms, &c. Orebro if t\\?. principil t. wn. Nero, one of ihe Banda Jdr^nds, in the E. Indies. The Dutch have a fetlemert here, called FurtNafTau. They have laigc fiipents which are not venomous, anil the mountains arc covered with trees, ill which are birds of a very fmgnlar kind* Lat. 4.. 40. N. Ion. 1^9. 45. E. Neroche Foreft, Soinerlecfhire, VV. of II- minllcr. NertCHINsk, a province and it's ca- pital, feated on the Nerrcha, in the Ruffian goveiMiment uf Irkutzk, Nejhit, Durham, near Hartlepool. Nefe- bit, Noi thumbcrland, in Vefey barony* Ne/he, Ken,, S. of Ruainey. Nesle, a town in the dept. of Somme, feated on the river Lingon, 9 miles S. of of Peronne, and 66 N. by K. of Paris. Ness, Loch, a beautiful lake In Inver- nefsHiiie, 2^ miles in length, and for the moif part, one in bieadth. It is flielrered on the NVv''. by the high mountains of Urquhart and Mealfour\'(.«ney, and edged will coppices of birch and oak. Ness, a river of Scotland, which ifTues from Loch Ncis, and falls into the- Frith of Murray, below Invem; Cs. . Nffs. NW. of Chefter bv the Dee. Nefs, Yoikf. N. Riding, NW'. of Slingf- by Caftle. Nefs, Great and Little, and Ncfs Cliff, NW. of Shrewfoury. Neiler- f.cld, Yorklhive, E. of Mdham. Ncpnt NW. of Cli.ller, on the Dee. Nejhi:ick, Yorkf. E. Kidmg, near Watton-Ahbey. Netkam. Hiui'.s, E. of Alton. Nethatn- H:ufe, Line. SW. of Dannington upon- Bane. Netherbe-uuor-ih. Durham, E. of NowcTifle. Netkerbuiy Dorlitl'. one mile S. of Bcminll'.r. bietker'y, Cumb. on the Elk, near Longtov.'n. Ne.her'-Cerw, Dorfetf. near Cerne Abhqs. Nethercot, Gloucef in the parifh ot Bnrfon-on-ihe- Watei\ Nether cote, Warw. Nether courts K.nt, W. of Kamfgate. Nciherdaley Y'.'it\ Fran- cis having joined the conlpiracy againft the French) thefe countries have endured the N E V the horrors and ravages of war, and been alternately in the polltifion of the different parties. They are now entirely in the polTeffion of the French, wlio have reduced them into departments, and annexed them to their republic. The Netherlands in general, are 360 miles long, and 260 broad ; and are bounded on the W. thtN. and NW. by the German Ocean, and the Dutch United States j on the E. by Ger- many ; and on tiie S. by France. The principal rivers are the Scheldt, Rhine, Maefe, Molcile, Samhre, and Lis ; and there are many fine navigable canals, which are of great advantage to the commerce of the country. The air is temperate ; but the mouths of the rivers and harbours are frozen up in winter. The foil is extremely fertile in corn and paftures ; and there are ieveral fine manufactures of lace, lawns, camhricks, tape(}ry, &c. Nethcrleigh, Gloucel'. in Weftbury pa- rifl). Netberfcty Leicef. S. of AJ])by-de- ia-Zouch. Nefherjloh, Dorfetf. in Hal- flock parifli. Nethirrthorp, Derby!'. NW. cf Boli'over. Nctberthorp, Oxf. near Ban- l)ury. Netherton, Cliefliire, near Frodfliam. Ndberton, Devonf. near Sidmouth. Ne- therton, Northumb. SE. of Morpeth. ' Ne- therton, Wore, in Cropthorn pari'Ji. Ne- therton, Yorkf. 3 miles SW. of Wake- field. Netherton Hall, Worccftcrf. near Bewdley. Nether-Went^ Monm. the low hinds of the county. Nethewclch, Wor- cef. near Droitwich. Nether-vjooJ, Heref. MVY. of Bromyaid. NeUjhcard, Norf. S. of Tunfted. Netley, Hants, near South- ampton Water. Nttley, Shropfliire, near Longnor. Netfwell-Crofi, Efiex, near Sabr'^idgworth. Nettfivell, Eflcx, SW. of Harlow. Nettilham, NE. of Lincohi. * Nettlebed, Oxfordftiire, 4. miles and a half from Henley. Neitlecomb, Dorfetf. NE. of Bridport. Ncttlecornb, Somerf. near Taunton. Net- tleden, Bucks, in Pitlfon paiifii. Nettle- pnts, Yorkl'. N. Riding, on the Lune, near Stainmoor. Nettlr/lntch, Kle of Wight, in E. Medina. NettkJJed, Kent, 3 miles S. of Weft Mailing. Nettlejled, Suffolk, S. of Needham. Ntltlcjhn, I'ilj of Wight, in E, Medina. Ntltleton, Lincolnf. near Thong- Calf le. Nettleton, Wilts, n^-ar Keynton-We(t. Nettleivorth, Durham, E. of Lancheder. Nettleivortk, Notting- lianiOiire, NK. of Mati.stield Woodhoufe. Nettuno, a handiome town of Iraly, in the Campagna of Rome. it is but thinly peopled, tliough fcaud in a fertile foil. It Itands at the momh of tlii.- river Loracina, 24. miles SF. of Rome. Neva, a river of Rullli, which is an N E U outlet to the Lake Ladoga, and falls into the Gulf of Finland, below Peterfburgh. Neuburg, a town of SuaViia, on the Rhine ; and a town of PruHlin Pomerelia. Neueurg, a town of Stiin. Neuburg, a town of Bavaria, on the Schwarza. Neuburg, a town of Bavaria, and ca- pital of a duchy of the fame name. Neuchatel, a territory of Swilfer- land, which, v/ith that of Vallcngin, forms one principality, that (lietches from the Lake of Neuchatel to the limits of the late province of Fiench Comie in France, con- taining, in length, about 10 IcHgULS, and 4 in breadth. By the deatli of the duchei's of Nemours, in 1707, the foverelgnty of Neucliate! and Vallengin was cl;•: (.onqutit of Walts, held a round labk) NEW and celehratfd It with a dance and tour- nament. The concourfe was prodigious i numbers of Englifh nobility, and others from foreign parts, gracing the feftival with their prefcnce. It is 20 mil'rs SW. of Cainarvon, ami 249 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Nevis, a fmall but very fruitful Ifland of the Well Indies, divided froni the E. end of Si. Chriftoplier's l>y a narrow chan- nel. It has but on*! niomitain, which is in the middle very high, and covered with large trees up to ilu- op. Hereaic (prings of frefh water and a lioi haih, much of the fame nature as thote of Bath in England. It produces, on an average, one hogrtiead of iugar per acre, and 4000 hoglheads in tlie whole. The number of inhabitants is about 6000 whites, and about 10,000 negroes. It is fubjecl to the Englifli. Lat. 17. 14. N. Ion. 62. 95. W. NtuMAKK, a town Sileiia. Neustadt, a town of Weftphalia. Neustadi", a town of Mecklenburg. Neustadt, a town of Auftria. Neustadt, a town of Wurtzburg, Franconia. Neustadt, 4 towns of Upper Saxony. Neustadt, a town of Wirtemburg. Neustadt- AN der Heyde, a town of Cobourg, Upper Saxony. Ne-Tvark, near Gloucelter. Nezvarky Northamptonfliire, near Peterborough. Ne-T.-ark, Surry, in the pari/h of Send. Nevjark, Efl'ex, partly in Norton, and partly in High Ongar. Newark, a handfome flourlfhing town of N. America, in the If ate of New Jer- fey. It has one epifcopal, and two pref- byterian churchesi, one of which, of fione» is the largeit and moil elegant in the Hate. It has alio a court-houfe and gaol. The town has the reputation of making the bell cider in the world. It is 9 miles W. of New York. *Nh\vark-upon Trent, a town of Nottinghamihire, I'eaicd on the riverTrent, over which is a bridge Into a fmall illand, made by the river. The chief trade is making malt. It once had a handlbme caftle, now in ruins. Here, in the laidft of troubles, which his own folly and balc- nels had excited, died the inglorious king John. Here too, the unfortunate Charles I. after his defeat at Naieby, put himfelf into the hands of the Scotch army, then be- fieging Newark, by whom he was after- ward givtn up to his worll enemies. It is 17 miles NE. bv E. of Nottingham, and 1 24 N, by W. of London, on the York road. Market on Wcdnefday. Nkv, i»EKNj the largeit town in the ftatc NEW of N. Carolina, in N. America, tlie coun- ty town of Craven county. It Itands on a flat, fandy, point of land, formtd by the confluence of the Neus on the N. and the Trent on tlie S, the foimcr beinp- here a mile and a hwU wide, and the latter three fjiiai'ters of a nuie. It is 499 miles S. Iiy VV. of Philadelphia. Lat. 35. 20. N. Ion. 77. 20. W. Ncwurne, Gloiic. a hamlet in Lidney. Neuubarn, Hoi ts> S. of St. Alban's. Ne^w- berns, Camb. N. of Ely. Ne^vherrys, Herts, near Aldenham. Ne-zvberry, Kf- fex, near Abuiy-Hatch. Ne-zvbiggin, Cuiiih. SE. of Carlifle. Nen.v'ngghi, Dur- ham, W, of Lanchefter. Nei.vbiggin, Durham, near the Foreffs of TecAlale and Lune. Ne-xvbiggiu, Durham, SW. of Bi- fhop-Aiickland. Nexvbiggin, Lane, near the Ken Sands and Foulney Hie. Ne-iv- higg'tn, Ncrthumb. near Newcaltle. Neiv- I'i^gin, Northumb, near Norham-Caftle. Neivbiggin, Northumb. on the coalf, S. of Coquet Ifland, near Seaton, inhabited by fiftiermen. Here is a line bay, fecure fiom ftorms, capable of receivincr vtfl't.ls of f>o tons burden. Ne'^vbiggin, Noithumb. S. of Hexham. Neivbiggin, N.irthumb. SW. of Rothbury. Nez'jbiggin. Wellm. N. of Appleby. Nei.vbiggin, Yorkf. NW. of Rumbald-Kirk. Ne-ivbiggin, Yorkf. SW. of Whitby. Ne-vbiggiu, Yorkfliire, ntar Burrowby. Nf-rvbiggin, Yorkf. in Bifhopfdale, W. of Midlam. Nevjbiggin, Y'orki'. ntar Leeds. N^civbig'^i/i, YofkC. on the river Are, S. of Skipton in Craven. Ne-rvblifs, in Monaghan, Ulfter. Ne-Tvbolii, Chediire, by Altbury. Ne^v- holJ, Derbyl". near ChelU'rficid. Nf-ivbolU, L'ictf. NE. of Afliby-de-la.Zouc. Ne-i'j. bold, Staffordf, near Burton-upon-Tienf. Ne-wbolJ, Worccfterf. neai" A.lderminik-r. Neivhold Comin, Warw. in tlie pari!]) of Lcmington Priors. Ne-ivbolJ, N. and .?. Y'oikl. E. Riding, near N. and S. Cave. NezvLioLl Pads, Warw, a mile (rum Mor- ton Merial. Nexvbold Re'vel, Warw. be- tween Brinklow and Monk's Kirby. Ne^vbold-upoJi-A-von, Warw. neir Rugby. Ncivbold Verden, Leicef. E. of Bofworth. Neavborti, Suffolk, S. of Woodbriclge. Newbobough. SeeGoRLY. Newborough, a town of N. Wales, in the Kle of Angleicy, leatcd ou (he river Brant. It was once the residence of the princes of Wales, and is now principally lupported by making mats and t'ea-ieed grils. It is 15 rniles SW. of Beaumaris, and 257 NW. of London. Market on Tucfday. Nc'vuborro'V, Staff, in N-edwood-Foreft, 5 iniK'S from Lichfield. Niivbatile, KE. NEW of Durham. Neu.vbot(le, NirthRmptonC. z miles from Brackley. N.iv'iotile, Nor* thamp. 1 mile from Harpule. Nnwf-ottU^ Rutl. NE. of North LutFcnham. Ne-iv Eounds, Kent, near Tunbridge Wells, Nevj Bridge, Berks. Ne-uu Bridge, Corn- wall, SW. of Kellington. Nc-iv- Bridge, Kc:it, near Siapleiuirlf. Neiv-Bridgef Sudex, NE. of Petworth. Nezu- Bridge, in Kildare, Leinfter, Ne-vj Bridge, in Cork, Munlter. Ne-iv- Bridgr, in Limerick, Munfter. Neio- Bridge, in Wicklow, Leinlier. Neu.-' Buddings, in Deny, Ulfter. Ne-ivburgh, Liucailiire, W, of Wigan, Newburgh, Northumberl. near Hex;ham. Nevjburgh, YorkTiire, near Burlington. Ne-zuburgh, Yorkf, N. Riding, near Riii- dale Vale, 10 miles from York. Nezv- b::rn upon-TynCf a village in Northumb. on the W. lide of Newcaltle, inhabitcJ chiefly by miners. * Newbury, a large well -frequented town in Berks, with a handfome market- honfe, feafed on the river Kennet, on the great road between London and Briltol. It was formerly cmirent for the clothing manufacture, and (Hli makes a great quan- tity of (halloons ai»d dru:;gets, and many of tl;e poor are employed in I'pinning. ft is 16 miles W. of Reading, and 56 W, of Lmdun. Market on Tliurfday, Newuury, Port, a town of North Auierica, in the (tate of Maliachufcts. The bufinefs of iliip building is carried on largely here. It is fiaiated on the SW. fide of ti'.e river Merrimak, 2 miles from the fea, and 30 N. of Bofion. Lit, 42.45, N. K,-n. 70. 57.. W. Neivby, Cumi). in Trthington parifh. Nev.-by, Yorkf. ntar Scarborough. Ne-zv- by, Yorkf. NW. ot Stoktfiey. Nexvby, Yorkf. SW. of Thirfk. Ne-ivby, Yorkf. near Settle. Ncv.-by-Hrll, Yorkl'. 2 miles irom Boroughbiidge. Ne-ivby - Stojies, Wcftniorl. W. of Appleby. Nezvbyupon- S-cua/e, Yorkf. in Richmond. Neiv^y- upon ni/k, Yorkf. E. of Bedall, Neiu- cajiie, Siiropfhire, near Chin-Foreft. Newcastle, a fmall town uf Carmar- thenshire, in S Wides, feared on the river Tyvy, 1 7 miles N W. of Carmarrhen, an I 219 WNW. ot London. Mark, on Frid. * Newcastle, or Newc.^stle-ux- DER-LlN'E,a coniidsrablc and weli-biiilt t».vn in SrarFordHiire, feated on a riml t. it haa a large manulafloiy of hats and cloth, and in the nvi^hbomhod are many manufactures of lione ware, the falc of which averages, annually, a!iout ioo,oool. It is 15 milts N. of Statfoid, and ij-j NW. of London. G g 3 Newcah lb, N E W NEW •Newcastle, or Nlwcastle-up- coal down the river in ktels, or* lighters, ON Tyne, the 1 ugrlt and molt populous to the large fliips. Newcaltle w;i!, made tdwn in NorthunibeVbnd, ruu:ite' Grange, Yorki. NW. of Leeds. Ne-v^ ' Hall, Chethire, SE. of Stockport. Neiv~ Hail, Chefiiire, W. of Lyme. Ne-to ^ia/I, Derbyfliire, near Mansfield. Nriv Hall, Elicx, near Hallow. Nezv-Hall, Efftx, 3. miies NE. of Chelmsford. Neiu-Ha/l, Elllx, SE. of Maiden. Ne-w-Hall, Herts, near Wadefmill. Ne^v Hall, Lane, NW. of Rochdale. Netv-Hall, Lancaf. near Waningtun. Nc-iv-Hall, Lancaf. near Ormlkirk. Ne-uj-Hall, Warw. near Bir- mingham. Ne-w Hull, Wanv. S. oi Sut- ton Coficld. NenvHall, York (hire, near Barnlley. Nezv-Hall, Yorkfliire, near Settle. Nciv-Hall, Yorkthire, near Leeds, Ne-ivham, Northmberland, N. of ElHno-- ham. Ne-vham Cumi/t, NortluimbuL.nd, in Vefey barony. Ne-iuha'ven, Derbyfliire. Neivha-ven, Kent, in Thanet Ifle. Newhaven, a fmail but populous town of S'lfTex, leated at the moutli of the river Oule. It has a quay on tl)c E, fide, and is 7 miles S. of Lewes, and 56 S. of London. Market difuikl. Newhaven, a flourifliing town of Connecticut in N. America, with feverai kinds of manutacfures. It lies lound the head of a bay, about 4 miles N. of the Sound. Near the centre of the town, is the public Iquaie, which is enciicied with rows of trees; and on it, or around ir, arc the public buildings, which aie the ftate- houle ; an univerfiry, confifting ot one col- lege, called Y.nlc College j a chapel; three G g 4 churches NEW churches for Congregitionalifts; and one ]or EpiCctpaliaiis. Ntwli:v i. carnts on a coiiliJtrable tiaile with New York, and the W. liulia idanJs, and is 70 miles NNE r.i Ntw York. tftiv-Hitk, Kent, N. of Mailing. Nenv- Houfe, Cornwall, ni;nrLaunrr(h)n. Neiv- Houfe, MiJdIefcx, NW ot Twi'.-kei.li.iii). J^eivici; Stifl'ex, N. of I field . Ne-zvk; ton. Ken , n(.a. \h'M and Folkfton. Neaiuhig- tcu, O.Nt'unll. NE. 01 Darcherter. A^^oc- iii^^ton liagl:r,th Gloiiceftti f. 6 milts Iroin 1't tbury . Ni>-w!fig/on BioJjhmftUe, Bucks, iirar Ouiiicy. Ni"vj:vg!oa BuHs, bctvitn Southwark and Luir.beth, orWnlvvoitli. Ncivingtoii Green, Middl, between Ifling- ton and N wington Stoke. Ne^vingtcn Long'ville, B"cks, near Water Eaton. Niiixngton Stokct Middlellx. the fini vil- ' lave in the road Irom Shortditch to Ed iiiunton. Ne-zvi/tham, Kent, 4 milts and a half SW. of Feverlham. Neiu Inn, Wurwicklhire, near Birmingliain. Ne-vj hilly in G:!lw;(y, Connaught. i^eiv Inn in Tippc.ary. Mur.ftcr. Ncnu Inn, or Ninetrtn Mi'e Houfi, in Mcath, Lcinfter, 19 niilcj trom Lc!r)l'(.i . Ne'wl'irk, Ciimb- in Gra3liock parifh. l^eivLinii, Cumb. aitiong f lie mountains, resr ilic head ot tlie Dcjwent. Ne.ivlnnd, Doiietf. in S'lerbom pari!!). Ncivland, .Dorfetf. in Batcon-ii panlii. Pleivland, Gloucef. SE. 01 Munmonth. Ne-zo!ai:d, Kent, in Sfoke p;-. iili. Neivland, Wat- wickf. in ExlviU pirifli. Ne-TJVu.'/id. Wor- Cfderf. iicar Gicit Malvern. Neivlar:d, Yorki. E.ofHont'en. Netvlisnd.Yo^ki'. N. of Hull. Neiiland, Yorkfliire, en the Art.SW.of Kovvdcn. NevoIanJ, Yorkl". on the Caldtr, a littie above VVakefiild. aV^-it'/d//'^/. Cuinb. near Cariifle. NeiU' lathes, York (hire, N. of Barnt (ley. Nezv Learn, Camb. v^tAx AVifbeach. U.iijclin, Co.iivv. NW. of St. MichacPs. Ne-dvUn, Coinw. within Mou', tuny, near Penzance. Jifivlodge, Suny, SW. of Chcrtlty. NevvmaRk, a tbwn of Stiria. Newmakk, a town of Salrzburg, Ba- ■varla ; and feveral towns of Gcrmanv. * Newmarket, a town partly in Cam- bridgefiiire, and paiilv in Suffolk, confift- i.g chitfly or one wdl-hnilt ftrcet. It ]..!» one p.irdh in Suffolk, and ano hei in Cambiidgelhiie, but tlie market- place, Slid hU lliL ftveet, are in Suffolk. It is cc- lebrut.d for horfe-races, (it's heath being tlie finert courfe in Englard) and is a treat thcr'nignfare ir .lie road from Lcn- clon 10 Norfolk. It is 14. miles NNE. of Camhridg' . rnd 60 N. t-y E. of London. XI II ket on 1 Held ay and Thurfday. NEW.\:.\RKtr/a Imall town of Flint, NEW In N. Wahs, 4 miles NE. of St. Afaph. Neivmeado-t/j, Dcrbyfliire, in the High P-ak. Nt-w Mill, in C»rk, Munf^-rr. New- Md/s, m iyrone, Uiftcr. NcnuMills Gioucelterniire, in Stroud paiiij'. Hczvi::iiif.er, N r hnmbciland, near Mirj)efh. Nenjcmore. C'jmbcrland, near CarliAc. Ne^more, Northumber- land, in Bothal lordfliip. Nenvnd Furk, Suffex, near Aflidown Forelt NuWNiiAM, .1 to.vn o. Gl'-iiictrterftiire, feated on tiit W. fide of the Severn. It h.'s to thib day ti:e fword ol ftatc v/hich KfPg J ilin Ejavtf with their charter. It" is 8 miles SW. of Gloiicefler, and iiz WNW. of London. Mirket on Friday, h'ezvnha»i: Hants, between H^rtley- R-jw and Balln^Mtoke. Ni-ijonham, Nor- thamp. S. of Daventry. Newnham NT- thumb. S. of Bimburgli-Callk'. Nevrn- l.'a:n, SW. of S'lrcwfbury. Neiviibam, Wjrwickf, a hamkt of Atlon Caniilupe, Nezvnham Bridge, W-Tcci'. NE. ot Ttn- buiy. Nc'ivitham Courtney, Oxtordl". near Chi'khumpton. Ncvunhf.m King's, War* wickf. on the Avon, i-ppofite to Rugby. Neivnbam Paddox, Warw. 5 miles tiom Rii^by. ]Sle~viihnm li'^arren, Oxfordthire, near Wallingford. AVu/'wi/, Shropf. SW, of Elltiinere. Neivton-Long, Wilts, be- tween Aflilcy and Brukenbon^ugh. Ncxv- Park, Gloucef. S. of B.rkeley. Neiv- PcTv, Hvmtingd. S. of Kunboltcn. Nenxj- Park, Lanr. near Orn)lkuk. hlenjo-Park^ Surry; b. tween Kinglton and Richmond. Ne^w Park, Wore. nearEvelham. Neiv- Place, Herts, SW. of Sawbridgwoith. *NEwrORT, a town ot Mayo, in Con- naught, 1^3 miles trom Dublin. *Newfort, a town of Tipperary, in Munttcrj 86 miles from Dublin. Nezvport, DcvonOiiie, 1 mile from B iinlfaple. Ke-zfport, Glcucelltifliire, iri Berkeley parifh. Newport, a town of Hamplhire, in the llle of Wight, feated on the river Cowes, vvliich is navigable to it for fmall veffcisj but it is a place of little trade. The only manutactoiy is that ot ftarch. It is called in Latin Medina, from whence the whole illand, on the E. and W. fuics ot it, is c-illcd E. and W. Medina. It is 6 miles nults S. of Cowts, and 91 SW. of London. Markets on Wcdncfday and Saturday. *f Newport, a town in Shropfhire. It has a handibme free-lchool and a markct- houlej and is 17 milesNE. of Shrewfbury, and 14.0 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Newport, a town of Momnouthfeire, feated N E W ftatedon the river Ufk, 4 miles from it's mouth. It has a good liarbour, whence it has it's name; and is 19 miles SSW. of Monmouth, ami 152 W. by N. of Lon- don. Marktt on Saturday. Newport, a town of Ptmbrokefliire, feared at the toot of a high hill, near the fea-ftiore, at the bottom of a bay of the fame name, 18 miles NE. of St. David's, and 235 WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Newport, a fmall villsge of Corn- wall, wliich I'en.ls two members to parlia- jpeot, 3 miles N. of Launctfton, and Z14. W. by S. of London. Newport, a fea-port of N. America, in the rtate of Rhode-Ifland. It's har- bour, which is one of the fineft in the world, fpreads weftward before the town, which lies upon a gradual afccnt, and ex- hibits a beautiful view trom the water. To the W. of the town is Goat Ifland. In Newport is ahandfome ftate-hoiife, and an elegant public library. It is ao miles SE. of Providence. J^e-iuport Key, Yorkfliire, on the Tees, E. of Stockton. * Newport - Pagnel, a town of Buckinghaiiilhire, featcd on a fmall river which loon after falls into the Oufe, It is noted for the inanutafture of bone-lace, for whicli it is a Ibrt of mart; and it flourifhes coni'iderablv on that account. It is 14. miles ENE. of Buckingham, and 51 NNW. oI London. A market on Wed- nefday for lace, and another on Saturday for corn and proviiions. New River, a fine artificial ftream, brought from two fpiings at Cha.ivvell and Amwell, near Ware, in Herttordftiire, for the fupjily of the metropolis with v.'a- ter. It was tiaiihed in 161 3, by Sir Hugh Middleton, a rich citizen of London, who expended his wiiole fortune in the under- talcing. Tills river, with all it's wind- ings, is 38 miles and three quarters, and 16 poles long; and is under the manag'-- nient of a fiouridiing corporation, called the New-River Cpnipany. See Islington. Newry, a confulciahle town of D;)vvn, in Uiller, iirua'ed on tiie fide ot a Itecp hill, at the foot of which is the Newry- Water, having over it two ftone bridges, and there is a thud bridge over a naviga- ble canal, by which it has a communica- tion with Lough Neagh and Carlingford- Bny. Newry isio much improved in it's trade and buildings, that it is now the largeft town in the county. It is 4.9 miles N. ot Dublin. Ne-Mfam, yorkfhire, near Howden, Hivjjamy Vorkf, in the parJlh of Kirby- NEW on-the-Mount. NeTv/am, Yorkf. NW. of Ravenfworth Caitle. Nevjfam, YorkC E. of Slinglby CafHe. Nc-jjfam, Yorkf. near Kighley. Neivfam, Yoikf, N. of Gifljorn. Neitjllls Bury, Herts, near Royflon. Ne-Txi/?/am, Durham, on the Tees, 5 miles fiom Dailington, Barnard'g Calile, and Richmond, NtzvJ/iam, North- umh. N. of Seatoii-D' lavale. NfJi'fliam' Abbey, Line. NE. of Glandford-Bridge, Newsol, a town of Upper Hungary, with a inige caftle. It has a handlbnie place, and at it's upper end is a tower. In the caille is 3 ciiuich, covered with copper; and near the town are the greateft copper-mines in all Hungary. It is feated on the river Grain, 10 miles N. of Chrein- nitz, and 50 NE. of LeopolCtadt. Lat. 49. 9. N. ion. 19. 29. E, Neixijhd, Notr. in Popplewick parifli. Ne-wJIede, Linco'nf. between Stamford and Uffington. Ne^'.'JleJe, Line, in Axholtn Iflc. Ne=ivtborp, Nottingh. near Ccdnor- Caftle. Ne-'sthorp, Yorkf. near Slierborn. NerMtim! er. Suir>.x, E. of Stening. Newton, a fmnll town of Lancafhire, 5 miles N. of W.irrington, and 190NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Newton, a town of Montgomcryrtiire, in N. Wales, feated on the river Severn, trading in (i-innels. If is 7 milrs SW. of Montgomery, and 169 WNW. of London, Market on I'uefday. Newton, a town of Hampfliirc, in the Ilk of Wight. The harbour, at high water, is able to receive veflcls of ^oo tons burdui, and afFoias the belt kcurity for ftiipping of any in the ifland. It is 14 miles S. of Southampton, and 93 miles W. by S. of Lontion. NIaiket diiuled. Neivion, Berklhire, near Hungerford. Ntnvton, in Hiwkfton parifli, 4 milts trom Cambridge. Nenji'ton, Camb. ne^r Wif- bcach. A^f-zv/o«, near Chcfler. Nsuvtca, Chefliire, near Middlewich. Nexvton^ Cheftiire, NE. of Stockport. Neivim, Chtfhiie, nearMalpas. A^^ii'/o/z, Chefliire, near HyleLake. Neivton, Clitfhire, near Tattenhall. Neivion, Cumb. ncarSolway Frith, lisvcton, Cumb. in Englcwood- Fortlt, near Penrith. Kcxvion, Devonf. E.of Bi-ldiloid. Nf-zUO'i, DorCetf. in the lile of Purbeck, in Studlar.d parifh. AV-f- ton, Durham, N W. ot D.u'lington. Nenu- ton, ElTcx, in Great Dunmow parifli. Ni:ixton, Glaniorganf. between Cowhi idge and P.le. Neiuton, Hampfhire, NW. of Kitig's- Clear. Nev:ton, Hainpf}iire, SE. of Alton. Ni-ivto/2 , Hei ef. near Bromyard. Ne-ivton, Heicl. SE. of Lcfiminfter. Nexv- ton, Lsnc. I mile S.ofKirkham. Neiv- toti) Liiic. N. of the Ken Sand*. AVw- N E W i9n, Lane. NE. ot Manchcfttr. Se'ivtOK, Limcal". N. of Hornby t.'alilt. Neivtoa, Ltic. S. of A(hby..ik-la-Z .iicli. Nen.':ton, Line, near Fokin<:!iain. Neivtoti, Line, between Getlney-Fen and Cinit)U(lc;ll!iie. Neivfoii, Noif. near Windham. Ne-vtony fJorf. neai C Wlie-Acit, anil Soutli-Acre. Heivton, Northamf). i mile from Gcd- tlinnoii. Ncivton, Noithamp. z nuits tiom Arclu-iier. Ne'-vtO':, Northumbei 1. SW, of Kothbiuy. ih'Wton, Nortliuiiib, W. of Morpeth. Nctvton, Noitingli. E. ot Chellcrfield. Neivlon, Glouc. in Rock- ingham p:ii ifli. Netvton, Shroplhire, near Wclchampion. NeivlOfiy Shropfhire, S. of Wc'm. Nezvton, Shropf. in Shrewfliury Xiberty. Ncii^tof!, Staff, near Blithficii-Burdet, Ltic. NE. of Billefdon. N£Wi ON-BusHEL, a large town m Divuniiiire, ic-ated on the river Teign, 15 miles S. by W. of Exeter, and 188 WSW. of London. Market on WeJnef- ttay. Ne^^ton Chapel, CheHu N. of Preftbnry. Ke-xvton-Coli, Leic. near Afhby-Folville. Nezvtgn.Dide, Yorkf. N. of Pickering. Ne-ix'ton, Eaji, YoiNif. on the coalt E. of Burton-Cr.nl'table. Neivton, E/>Ji, Yovki'. acnr Rydal. Netvtofi- Ferrers, Cornvv. E. t)f Lellcird. N e-- 1- to>i- Ferris, Devonfliire, SE. of Plymouth, niar Holberton. Ne-zu- ti>n Fryers, Devonfliire, near Crediton, Neivton-Hcdl, Nortiuimb. by Ovingham. Nenjuton-Hnll, Yoi kf. E. of New M;^lton. I^ezvton-HaH, YorK.1'. near Ripley. Nc'iv- ton-Hanfet, Duih. ntar Brantoft. Ne-iv- ton Hare our t, LeictfTerf. SW. of Bilfdon. Ne-xvton-in-Mackerfield, or the WUlo^vs, Lancaf. between Warrington and Wigan. Nen.L'tM Kings, Dcrbylhire, near Repton. Ntivton Ki'i k, Northumb. N. of Cheviot- Hills. Ne-ivton Kyme, Yorkf. near Tad- caiter. Newutait- Long, Durham, near Cot- lip.m. Nezvon Long, Wilts, near Malml". bury. Newto/i Lovj, N. of Durham. NEW Neivten Maiden, Dorfetl. NW. of Framp- ton. Neivto/i- Merril, Y-nkl. near Sta- pkton, on the Tees. Nei.uton-Mul^ra've, Vorkfliirc. NW. of Whitby. Nt-ioton. Ozvler, Yorkf. in Holilerncls. Ntixjion^ Petrock, Devonl'. near Milton. Ncwtoa- Fe'vcrel, Dorletf. near Stuimir.fttr-Mar- (liall. Neies, in Long- tiirct, Leinltii. Nevjtoivn-Glens, in An- tiim, Ullter. Ne^wtozu/i-Gore, in Lei- trim, Connaugric. Nez'jto'.vn-Hamilton, in Armagli, UKter. *i\'EWTO\VN, Mount Kennedy, a to.vn or Wickiow, in Lcinltcr, 17 miles from Dublin. *Ne\VTON LiMAVADY, a town of Deiry, in Ullter, 106 rniles frjm Dublin. Nei.u!on.vn Sa-uillj, in Tyrone, Ulftcr, Ni'njto-ivn SteT.vnrt, in Tyrone, Ullier. Nexvtran, EiTex, E. of Clavcring. Nf-ix-Tvood Houfes, Siiropf, E, of Whit- cliiirch. Ne-i'j-ivork, Gloucertcr/hire, near Wouon under EJge. New-Year's Islands, fmall ifi-inds on the north fide ot Staten-Land, in the S. Atlantic Ocean. Great nuinbc-rs of lea lions, li-als, and a fpccies of vultures, refo! t to tlieit" iflands, together with islha- troffes, large peirels, and penguins. Lat. 54-. 46. S. ion. 64. 20. W. Neyland, a tov^n in SufFolk, feated on the river Stonr, with a woollen manu- fafture. It is 16 milts SW. of Ipfwich, and 57 NE. of London. Market on Fri- d>iy. Neyland, Norfolk, near VVreningham. NtYTRACHT, a town of Upper Hun- gAry, capital of a county of t!ie lame name. Niagara, a river of N. America, whicli forms the communication between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, and runs irom S. to N. about 30 miles. At the entrance of this river, on it''s eaftern fliore, is Fort Niagara, about i3 miles N. of winch are tliolc remarkable falls which are reckoned among the greateft natural curiofities in the world. The waters which fupply the river Niagara, rife near 2000 miles to the NW. and paflTing through the Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie, receiving, i;i their courfe, conftant accumulations, rufli, at lalt, with altonilhing grandeur, down a ftupendous precipice ot 150 feet perpen- dicular; and in a ftrong rapid, that ex- tends to thediltance of about 9 miles be- low, tall nearly as much more. The river then lofes itfelf in Lake Ontario. When the water ftrikes the bottom, it rebounds to a great height in the air, occafioning a thick cloud of vapours, on which tiie lun, when it (hines, paints a beautiful rainbow. NiEiANO, a town of Placenza, Italy. Nihley, Gloucefterfliire, in Wefterleigh parilh. NiOley, Glouceiterfliiie, z miles N I C from Wo'ton-underEdge. Nihth-ivaiie^ Lancafliirt, ;ii Fu.nets-Fjlls. Nicaragua, a mari',;'i e province of Mtxico, in the audiciice c.f Gnarimaia, bounded on the N. by Honduras, on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean, o!) the SE. by Coita-Rica, anil on the SW. iv, the S. Sea ; being 400 miles in Icfiyrh from E. to W. and 120 in breadth irom N. to S, It is conlidered as thegiirdi-n ot Mexico, and is wt.ll watered by lakes and livers. The air is wholelomc and temperate ; and this countiy produces pKr.ty of fugai,ccxhi- neal, and line chocolate, but little wheat. It. abounds in black'cattle and hogs, b-itr fneep are icarce. Leon de Nicaragua is the capital, in lat. 112. 2. N. Ion. 85. 40. W. Nicaragua, a lake of New Spain, in the province of the fame name, zoa miles in circumference. It has foine iflaiuls in it, and itretching from tlie city of Leon NW. to Sii. communicates with the At- lantic Ocean by tlie river St. Juan. It is fnl! of fiih, but infelttd with crocodiles. NiCARiA, an ill-.iiid of tlie Archipelago, between Sainos and Tiiie, iS miles lotio-, and 3 wide. It wris anciently caik-d Icaria, and is full of rocks j in the caverns ot which the poor inhabitants make their abode. Tliele people are of the Gie^k church, and a>)out 3000 in number. They apply them.'elves 10 Iwimming and diving tor fponges, and tot goods loft by fliip- wreck. " Tiie richcit men in the illand," fays Thevencr, *« give their daughters to the beft divers, who are tiicd before the maid and her tatherj and he who remains longert under water, wins her." " The women," he adds, " have tlie afcendency j and as foon as the hufband arrives tioni any place, in his boat, the wife goes to the iea fide, takes the oars, and carries them home; after which, the hniband can difpofeot nothing without her ptrmiflion.'* Lat. 37. N, Ion. i6. 4, E. NiCASTRO, a town ot Calabria Ultra. Nice, a county of Italy, bounded on the W. by the ci-devant Provence ; on the N. by Piedmont ; on the E. by Piedmont; alfo, and the territories ol Genoa; and on the S. by the Mediterranean. It is 36 miles bng, 18 broad, and contains abcuc 130,000 inluthitunis. Nice, an ancient and confiderable fea- port, on the ci-ntinis of Fiance and Italy^ capital ot the county of the fame name. It is very agree. thiy fituatcd, 4 miles from the mouth of the river Var, 83 miles S. by W. of Turin, and 83 E. of Aix. Lat. 43 42. N. Ion, 7. i3. E. Nice. SeelsNic. NiCHABURG, N I C NiCHAnURG, a town of Chorafrm, Pcrli.i, famous for a ininc of nirquois Hones near it, 30 miles S. oi Mtrclied. Nicholas, St. a ur.\n in tlu- depart- »ncnt of Mcunhe, (e:tttil on the river Mtuitlie, 5 nnles SE. of Nancy, and 265 K. ot Paris. Nicholas, St. a fea-port of Ruffia, iiatcd at t>ic mouth of the iiver Dvvina, 6 Biik'S S. ot Aichanpcl. Nicholas, St. I/lc of Wight, in VV. Medina. Nicholas, St. Yorkflu'c, near Riclimond. Nicholas, St. near York. Nicholas, St. Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet. Nicholas, St. Dcvondnre, an illinJ of near 3 acres, before the mouth of Piymo\ith- Harbour. It is (bong by nature and .irt, having a caftle tint commands the entrance to Hamoaze and Catwater. Nicholas, Si, Glan.oiganfhire. Nicholas- Atvjood, St. Kent, near Ramfgate. NiCHOLSEURG, a tovvn of Brunn, Mo- ravia. NicoBAR Islands, firuated to the NW. of Sumatra, at the entrance of the Gulf of Bengal. The natives are tall and aftive, with long f ices, black eyes, black lank liair, and dark copper-coloured fkins. Xliey are excellent fwimmers, and Ibme- times will overtake (hips under fail. They have no corn, but a fruit which ferves them inlfead of bread, and they catch plen- ty of fi(h. They are ready to fupply the fliips that flop tlicrr with provifions, for they have hogs and poultry enough; and, in,retuin, they take iron, linen, and to- b;'.lco. The largelt of thel'e iflands, which gives name to the reit, is about 40 miles in lcn£,th, and ^5 in Iireadth. It's fouth eii(f is in lat. 8- o. N. Ion. 94. 23. E. Nicolas, St. one of tiie molt confi- •terabjp of the Cape-de-Verd Illands, ly- ing between S:. Lucia and St. Jago. It is ot a triangular figure, and about 75 Hijles in length. The land is Itony, moun- tainous, and barren. Lat. 16. 32. N. Ion. ?.4.. 6. W. Njcolo, St. the mcft confulerable and beft peopled of the Illes of Tremiti, in the Gulf ot Venice. It has a harbour, and IS in lat. 42. 10. N. Ion. 15. 37. E. NicoNfEDiA, a town of Turkey in Afm, in Natolia, now called Is Nikniid, or Schmit. Ii was formerly a very large place, as appears by the ruins, and now contains 30,000 inhabitants; who confilt t»f Grefks, Arnitninis, and Turks. The ruins of the ancient flrufluies and fine palaces are very confiderable ; however, it is (till a place of confequence, and car- rits on 3 trude in filk, cotton, glafs, and e2i»hcH-v.are. It is the fee of a Grtck N I G aichbifhop, and is 35 miles NW. of Ifnic, and 45 ESE. of CiMiltantinuplc. Lat. 4.0. 30. N. Ion. 29. 30. E. Nicoi'OH, a town of Bulgaria. NicoPOLi, or Gt.ANicH, a town of Armenia, 15 miles S. of Erzerum. Nicosia, a town of Afia, capital of the Ifland of Cyprus, pleMfantiy fcated be- tween the Mount Olympus and a chain of otlier mountains, it is abcut 3 miles in circumference ; and there are plantations of olives, almonds, lemons, oranges, mul- berries, and cyprefs-trtes, intcrlperfed among the houl'es, which give the town a rural appearance. Under tlie family of the Lufignans, Nicofia was the refidence of the kings, and contained 300 churches, Greek and Latin, and a number of palaces and public buildings. The cliurch of St. Sophia is a beautiful Greek lhurt of the ci-devant Aulfrian Flandeis, 8 miles SSW. of OiKnd. Niger, a river, fuppofed to be ont of .the iiitgelt in Africa. It's riie and ttrmi- n-ition aie unknown; but it's courl'c is laid to be from E. to W. running S. of the kingdom of Caftma toward Tomhuc- too, in the fands of which country it is fuppofed to he loff ; but others account the great rivers Senegal, Gambia, and Rio Grande, to be only io many branches, or mouths, whereby this vaft river dif- cl\arge5 itleif into the Atlantic. The Africans N I L Africans have two names for this river; namely, Neel il Ahtcil, or River of the Negroes, and Neel 11 Kibeer, or the Great River. They aUb term the Nile, Ncel Sbem ; that is, the Egyptian River j fo that the term Neel, whence our Nile, is nothing more thitn the ap[)i.llative of Ri- ^ ver, hke Ganges, or Sinde. So great is the rapidity with which the Niger tra- verfes the empire of Cafhiia, that no vef- M can afcend the ftreain; and fiich is the want of ftill, or of commercial induce- ments, among the infiabitants of it's bor- ders, that even njj'itb the current, neither veflels nor boats are feen to navigate. Even the food, which the bounty of the river would give, is in vain offered to their acctptancej for Inch is tlu want of fkill, or fiich the fettled didikc o^ the people to this (bit of provifions, thu the filh are ne- ver difturbed. In t!ie rainy feafon, the Niger fvveils above it's banks, floods the adjacent lands, and often fwecps before it the cattle and cottages of the fliurt- fighted, or too- confident inhabitants. ' Niger, a river in Noribllc^ running into the fea at Ciay. Nighton, I fie or V/ight, in E. Medina. Nighion^ St. Cornwall, SE. ofLeftwithicl. NiKOPiNG, a town of Denmark, capi- tal of the Kland ol Fallier, or Hulfte: , in the Baltic, 55 mile;; SSW. of Copen- hagen. NiKOPit^G, a tov^n of Sweden, capital of Sudenn inia, and foinicrly the refi- dence of the kings and princes of that country. It is icatcd near tiie Baltic, 50 miles SW. of Stockhui-n. Niland, Upfer and Luxver, Dorfet/hire, near Great Kiogton. Nile, a great river of Africa, which rifes in the mount uns of AbylHuia, near the village of GeeOi, in lat. 10. 59. N. ion. 36. 55. E. It runs firlt NE. after- ward turns diredly E.,and enters the great lake Dambia* or Dtnibia, running through it, and, p:i!iing among the rocks, the light of it v; uliv.olt lolh Then it croffes the cotuitiy of Nubia, and enters Egypt at Syene, which country it divides in;o two parts: a iiiile below Ca.nj, it divides itielf iniu two great Vianches, which, with tlu- MKlitcrr.uiean Sta, forins the Idnnd of Delta. The ancients rec- koned clevrn niouihs ot the Nile, of whicii feven were conii('erni)!e ; but at prcient tliere are only two that are navigahif: at all times j and thole are at Rofctra and Damietta. In the middle of this river, between Old Cano and Gize, is Itrated the lUand of Raouda, which is almolt as Jong as Old C. 500 paces in N I M breadth in the middle ; and th« Front of the Mckias, or Nilomcter, takes up all the breadth of the louthern part. This is tltc work of the Saracens, and deilves it's name from it's uie, for it iigmfies mca- iure. Here they obferve, every day, by- means of a graduated column, (erciled in the centre of a low chamber, it's bottom being on a level with the bed of the Nile) the incieafe or decrcnfe of the waters of that river, and thence the public criers re- gulate the proclamations they make of theii; events, at different hours, through the city. In fome parts of this river there are rocks, whence the water falis fevera] feet, and thcle are called the cata- ra6U of the Nile. It oveitiows regularly every year, from the 15th of Jime to tl» 17th of September, when it begins to. Ita, or Lower Egypt, is always overflowed ; and when tile waters are-aimoft gone off, they fow it with rice, whicli delights in watery grounds. During the inundation, the little towns, (tanding upon eminences, look like fb many iAands ; and they g'o from one to the other by boats. In Caii-o there is a canal called Khalis, which is opened when the water is high enough; thence it is Conveyed into reltrvoirs and ciltcins, and is afterward diltributed into the h'elds and gardens, as occalion re- quires. This inundation of the Nile is cauled by the pciiotiical rains which fall evtiy year between tlie tropics, and more particularly in Abyfiinia, which is full of high mountains. NiMUcuEN, a town of the United Provinces, capital of Dutch Guelderland, and the chief town of Beteive, or Batavia, the country of the ancient Batavi. It has a magnificent town-houle, a citadel, and an ancient palace, and is noted for tiic peace condudeei liere, June 30, 1678. It is kated on the S. fKle of the river VVahal, 35 milef SE. vi Utrecht. Nini-Hall, Herts, near Bell -Ran Nimpf- fieid, Glnuc. 4 miles NE. of DuiQey. NiMPO, or NiNGPO, a fea-port of China, in the province of Cheki.ing. It is a city of I he- fil ft lank, anj Dalmatia. Nomnton, Kent, 5 miles SW. of Sand- wich. Nonmonkton, Yoikf. E. of Knaref- bprough, Nonfuch, Surry, near Sution and Epfom, tormedy called Cuddin£;toii, till a moit magnificent pahice was treated here by Heniy VIII, Ciiarles If. gave it to I he Duchei's of Cleveland, who pullei it down, and fold the materials, Nony Je- la-Marc, Somerf. 1 miles SW. of Frome. NooRDEN, a lea-port of E. Frieiland, 15 miles N. of Einden. NooTKA. See KiSG George's Sound, JNopton, Northumb. near Shields. He- berry, Worcef. near Inkborough. Nc- i't^ry, Lane, in Amoundernefs. Hohorn^ Kent, S. of Sandwich. Norboro-jv, Lkic, E. ot Hinckley. Norbrock, Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ific, N. of Sv>'anv/ich. Norbury, Derbyl". SW. of Alhburn. Norbury, Clfe- thire, SE. of Srockpori. Norbury, Che- Hure, neura lake, N£. of Malpas. Nor- bury, Shropl'. near Bifliop's-Callle. Nor- bury, Staff. SW.of Eccltthal. Norbury, Smry, near Leathei head. Norbury- Hootkip Clielhirt, near Stopford. NoRCiA, a city of Spoletto, Italy, go- verned by it's own magilf rates. Norcot, Berks, near Abingdon. Ncr- cot, Middlelex, near Southold. NoRUBUKY, a town of Denmark, in the Iiland of Alien, NORDEM. See NOORDEN. NoRUGAVv, or The Upper Palati- nate OF Bavaria, is a duchy in the N. partof the circle ot Bavaria, fubjefl to the tledor palatir.e. Tiie capital is Ambtri:;-. is'ORDHAUSEN, an imperial town of Luwtr Saxony, 3S miles N. of Erfurt. NORDHEl.'.!. Sie NORTHEIM. Nordibam, or Nortkiam, Suifcx, near Ewhurtt, in Surry. NORDKvppi.NC, a hrge inland town of Ealt NOR Eaft OoihlanJ, Sweden, next to Stock- holm in extent. It cont;tins 5 churches, tiij ubour 10,000 inliil)itaiUSi but the houds ;iic fiiiall ami (caitcitil. Ii's fitua- tion on the Moial;* is exceedingly j)i6tur- elqiu'. Tlint rivei flows through the town, iorms a (ci ies 0} cataracts, and is divided into tour principal itrcains, wliich encir- de (everal rocky iflands, covered with houfes and manufactories. At the ervtre- luity of the town is a new and commodious quay. Here aie many fabrics of cloth, Ibmc fugru-houlcs, one of fnnfF, feveral paper-mills, 50 mills for grinding corn, i copper-mills, and a hammer-mill for hrals. Corn is exported hence in great cjuan;ities ; and a iaiinon fifhery gives em- ployment and riches to many of the in- habitants. Nordkioping is 76 miles SW. of Siockiiolm. NoRDLAND, a province of Norway, in- cluded in the government of Drcntheim. NoRDLAND, a large diftrift of Sweden, containing 9 towns, and 7 provinces, viz» Geftrici'j, Helfingia, Medelpadia, Jempt- erland, Angermania, Well Bothnia, and Herjedalia. NORDLINGEN, Or NORLINGEN, an imperial town of Suabia, on the Eger. NorJoit, Dorletf. i mile N. of Corfe, noted for it's fine tobacco-pipe clay. NorOstrand, an ifland on the W. coaft of Sld'wick, Nordy, or Nortby Chapel, SufTex, near Pevenfey-Havcn. Nore, Surry, SE. of Godalmiii. Nore River, in Waterford, Munfter, fails ivito the Burcw, a little N. of Rofs. NoRFO LK, a county of England,bound- ed on the N. and E. by the German Ocean ; on the W. by Cambridgcfhire, Lincoln- fliire, and the Wa(h j and on the S. and $E. by Suffolk. It extends about 60 miles from E. to W. and 4.0 from N. to S. It contains 33 hundreds, 1 city, 3z mar- ket-towns, and 660 purifhes. The face of this county varies lei's than in moft UAt\s of equal extent in England. Not one hill of any confiderable height is to be icen in the vv-hole county ; yet, in moft pirts, it's furface is broken into gentle fwells and dtprefilons. The foil, however, is more various than t!>at of any other county, comprehending all the forts that are to be found in the ifland j yet the worit of thern are far from being unprofitable. At the wtllern extremity, is a confidera- ble tra<5l of tlit, fenny land ; and, on the ealt, a narrow tratt of marfties runs from the lea, near Yarmouth, to fbme diftance up the country. Strveral of the weftern hundred*, from Theiford ncfthA-ard, are NOR open and bare, confifling of extenfive heaths, the foil of wliicii is a light land, or hungry gravel. The reft of the county, in general, is arable land, varying in it's degrees of fertility. To the NE. the foil is a light fandy loam, eafy of tillage, and eijuril in value to the belt parts of the Ne." thcrbnds, to which it is fimilar. The SE. has a richer and deeper foil. Tlie middle and fouth abound in clay ; and va- rious parts yif;ld chalk and marl. The products of the county vary according to liie foil and fituation. The lighter arable lands produce barley in grtat plenty* Wheat is cultivated in the ftrongLr foils* But turnips are more generally grown here than in any other part of the king- dom, and form the bafis of the Norfolk huibandry. The peculiar excellence of this cul'ure is, that the ground never lies fallow, as the turnips Icrve to prepare it for corn, belide fattening great numbers of cattle. Much buck-wlieat is alfo grown in the light foils, and ufcd for feeding fwine and poultry. The fenny parts yield great quantities of butter, which is fent to London under the name of Cambridge butter. The Iheep are a hardy, fmalJ breed, much valued for their muiton. Turkeys are reared here to a larger flze than elfewhere. Rabbits are extremely numerous on the fandy heath 5 and there is likewife abundance of game, cfpecially ofpheafants. On the fea coaft, herrings and mackre] are caught in great plenty j and Yarmouth, in particular, is noted for the curing of red herrings. The air of this county is Iharp and piercing, which throws the leafons more backward than in other counties under the fame latitude ; but it is very wholefome, particularly in inland parts. No county has a greater fliare of river and lea navigation. The ruanufaflures of Norfolk are worfted, woollens, and filks. Ifs principal rivers are the Great Oufe, Nen, Little Oufe, Waveney, Yare, and Bure. Norwich is the capital. Norfolk Island, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, lying E. of New Soutii Wales, and fettled by a colony of convifts, lubordinate to that government. The number of men, by the laft advices, amounted to 44, the women only to 16. It is a fertile fpot, and is veiy hilly. Some of the valleys are tolerably large, but moft of them are only deei> hollows. Mount Pitt, the only remarkable hill, is iz,ooo feet high. The whole ifland is covered with a very thick foreft, choked with underwood. The timber trees are a fort of fpruce pine, refembllng the live oak, 3 a yel. NOR 7. yellow wood, a hard black wood, and a wood refembling beech. The I'pring is jJerceptible in our autumn, but the trtes are in a conftant fuccefTion of flowering, and fruiting the whole yrar round. Ti.e flax-plant is more luxuiiant here than in any part of New Zealand ; but the chief produce is the pine, which grows in great abundance, and to a large dz^, nnny ot the trees being as thick., brealt high, as two men can fathom, and exceedingly ftraight and tall. It is very uicful in building, and leems to be durable. The foil is rich and deep. In fummer the heat is exceflive. All ti>e grain and Evu'opean plants feed in December. From February to Auguft, may be called the rainy fea- fon. The winter, from April to July, is very pleafant : there is never any frolt; but when the SW. winds blow, the air is raw and cold. This ifland is well iup- plicd with many ftreams of good water, which abound with very fine eels. The clifiFs round the coaft a,e 240 feet high, and quite perpendicular. The v/ant of a fafe harbour is a great inconvenience ; and the vail quantity of corjl rocks render an- chorage very infecurc. The fcttlement is formed in Sydney- Bay, on the S. fide of the ifland. Lat.29. 30. S. Ion. 168. 12. E. Norgtll, Yorkftiiie, NVV.-of Barnird's- Caftle. Norgranje, Worcef. near Upton. Norbam, Northumb. on the Tweed, near the mouth of the Till. Norleaff, Wilts. Norkigh, Chefli. near Frodfham. Norkigh, D^voitf. near Honi- ton. Norleigb, Shropl". SE. of Wenlock. Nortnanhy, Line. 5 miles W. of Maiket- Raifin. Normaniy, Line. N. of Mai ket- Raifin. Normanby, Surry, near Afli. Normanhy, Yorkl. SE. of Kirby- More- fide. Normanby, Yorkrti. near Robin- Hood's-Bay. Normanby, Yorkfli. NW. of Gifborough. Normandy, a ci-devant province of France, on the Englifh Channel, about J 50 miles in length, 80 in breadth, and 600 in circumfeience. It is one of ilie moft fertile tra(51s in France, and nbounds in all it's productions except wine, but they fuppiy that defeft by cider and perry. It contains iron, copper, and a great num- ber of rivers and harbours. The Nor- mans, a people of Denmark and Norway, liaving entered France, under Rollo, Charles the Simple ceded this country to them in 912, which, from that time, was called Normandy. Rollo, the fiilt duke, having been baptized, Charles gave him his daughter Gifle in marriage. He lield Normandy as a fief of the crown of France, and feveral c-f his fuccelTors after NOR him, till William, the feventh duke, con- quered England in 1066, from which time it became a province of England, till it was loii in the reign of King John, and reunited to the crown of France j but the Englifh Itill keep tne iflands on the coaft of Normandy. Rouen was the capital. It now forms the departments of Calvados, Eure, the Channel, Ornc, Lower Seine, with a fmai' parr of Eure and Loir. Normangate -Fields, Northamp. N. of Peieri.orough. Normanton, neai Derby. Normanton.. Derby f. S. i.f Cliellerfi^Id. Normanton, Leicetterf. S. of AlTiby-de-la- Zouc.i. Normanton, No't. by Sou'hwell. Normanton, Notr. near Grelbioip. Nor- manton, Nott. on the Si 3I-, n.ai y oppo- hte toLoughborcueii. Normant.n. RutI, E. of the Vaic of C tmoie. Normanton^ Wilts, near Ambiilbury. Normnnionj Yorkfh. NE. of Wakefield. Norrcys^ Devonfhire, in Hewifh parifli. Norridge^ WilKhire, near Warminfter. Norrindon^ Wilts, between Warder-Caftle and Cran- borii Chace. Norris, in Armagh, Ulfter. Norrys, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. NORTGAU. See NORDGAW. North, Department of the, a department ot France, adioining that of Calais, bounded on the NW. by the Ger- man Ocean, and on the NE. by Flanders and the late Auftrian Hainault. It is compofed of the late French Flanders, French Hainault, and Cainbrefis. Douay is the capital. Northall, Middl. a village on the north fide of Enfieli-Chace, 3 miles N. of Bar- net. Northall, Sutfolk, near Benacre. * Northallerton, a town in theN. Riding of Yorkshire, in a diftrlft called Alvertonfhire, feated on a fmall brook, which, a mile below, runs into the river Wifk. It is a large, weil-built, trading place, and is 30 miles NNW. of York, and 223 N. by W. of London. Market on WednelHay. Fairs on Jan. ad, and o» St. Bartholomew's-Day. Northern, Devcnl. between Bamftaple- Bay and Biddeford. •Northampton, the county-town of Northamptonfiiirr, feated on the rivet Nen, which has been made navigable to Lynn. It's principal manufailure is that of boots and iliots, of which many are made here, and in other parts of the coun- ty, for exportation. Some llockings and lace are alio made here. The horfe fairs of this place are reckoned to exceed z\\ others in the kingdom. It is a handfome, well-built town, and has a regular (pa- cicus mirket-pl&cc, one of the fineft in H h England, - NOR Enghnd, a gooil fice fchool, and a coun- ty iii/irni;iry aivl gnol. Within hrtlf a mile of No'tlvjiijiton is a fine Gothic ftriiaiii-e. c»r.i;il Q2,.e'''s Ciofi, eu-an! by EJwaiil I. in mciii.>iy of his queen Eien- Bor, who. at the hiz;ird of her own lite had Tavid liis, by fucking the poifon from a wound which he receiviid in the cru- fad.s. This ti.vvn is a tlioroiighrarc in the N. and W. ruads, and is 50 miles VV. of C.nnbiid;,":, 30 SE. of C. county is viiry healthy, except in the NE. part near Peterborough, which being fiirrounded and interfered by rivers, is very liable to in- undations, and forms the commencenient of the fenny tr^il extending to the Lin- colnfliirc W-iflies. With this fnigle ex- ception, Nurthainptonfliire is, in a manner, proverbially regarded as a fine and plea- I'aut county; an opinion, confirmed by the numljcr of feats of the nobility ar.d gentry which it contains. It's greaiclt defeft is a fcarcity of fuel: this is but fcantily fupplied by it's wcods, which, like th9fe in all other parts of the king- doni, liave been much diniinifhed by agri- cultuie ; and thougii coal is brotsght into this county by the river Nen, it is at a Very dear ra>e. Northaniptonlhire, how- ever,' pofTrllls fo:ne confiderable remains of it's Old forelts, particularly thofe of Rockingham on the NW. and of Salcey and Whittlebury on the S» In this laft, that fiercelt of Britifli animajs of prey, the wild cat, is ftill found. There is but one piece of vvafte ground in this county, and y the I'iver Weever ; and the plenty and iJheapnefs of this commodity have been the principal caufts of the great foreign commeice of that port. The falt-mines, when a perfon is let down into them by 3 bucket, to the depth of 150 feet, look ve- ry ir,uch like a fubterraneous cathedral. They are i'upported by rows of pillars, having a crylfal roof, all of the fame rock, and tranlparent and glittering from the numerous Candles burnt there to light the workmen, who dig it sw^y with their fttei pick axes. The clear annual duty received by government for Chcfllire fait amounts to^2oo,oool. Here is a large cotfon man(ifa6lure. Northwich is 20 miles NE. of Chefte'r, and 173 NW. o£ London. Market on Friday, Nortkzvick, Worcef. near Campden in Gluucefterfhire. Northivick, Gloucef. 2 hamlet to Henhury. North-mold, Norfolk, near Methwold. Northijoood, Shropf. N. ot Ellefrnere. Northtvood, Hants, between Havant and Thorney-Kland. Northixood., Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. North- nvood, StWlcx, S. of Petworth. Northiuood, Worcef. hear Kidderminlter. North IVot- ■ton, Dorfetf. 3 miles NE. of Tliornford. Nortlcy Wood, SulFulk, near Roydon. *NORTON, orCHIPPING-NORTON, a town 'of Oxford/hire", on the great poft road between Worctfter and Oxford. It has a good mai'ket for corn, cattle, and prcvifions, and is 11 miles SW. of Ban- bury, and 74. NW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Norton, ChefiMrC; 4 miles from Warring- ton. Norton, Cornw. near Stratton. Nor- ton, Derb. N. of Dronfield. Norton, Durh. near 'Stockton. Norton^ 3 miles froii H h 2 GloucUier. NOR ftlonceftcr. Sorton, HantR, near Selborn. Norton, Herts, near BiiKlock. Norton, Ifle of Wiijlu-, in W. Medina. Norton, Kent, 3 miles SW. ot Ftvtiftiam. Nor- ton, Leicef. near Galbey. Norton, SK. of Lincoln. Norton, Monm. near Skenfrith- Caltlc. Norton, Norfjlk, near Loddon. Norton, Norfolk, near Fakenham. Norton, Noitli.inip. nearTo'vcelter. Norton, Notf, rear Rockland. Norton, Northamp. near Daventry. Norton, Notr. in Cukeney pa- ridi. Norton, Slnopdiire, near C.indover. Norton, Siuopf. NW. of Ludlow. Nor- ton, Siuopfliire, near Atherley. Norton, Shropfhire, N, of Bridgenorth. Norton, Sonierf. N. of Pen. Norton, Somerf. W. of Taunton. Norton, Staff. N. of Clieb- fey. Norton, Staff, near Cank, NE. of tlie Wurleys. Nor'on, Staff, in the Moors by tlie Trent, i milcW. of Bignal. Nor- ton, Suffolk, near Wulpet. Norton, Suffex, N. of Sealoicl. Norton, Wilts, in Liycock parifli. Norton, Wilts, S. of Malmfbury. Norton, Wore. N. of Evefham'. Norton, Wore. E. of Up'on, and about a mile N. of Bredon, of which it is a hamlet. Nor- ton, SE. of Worcefter. Norton, Yorkf. near New Mdton. Norton, Yorkf. be- tween Swaldale and Bifliopfdale-Chace. Norton, Yorkf. SE. of Pontefrafl. Nor- ton, BiJJwp's, Lincohif. NE. of Spittle-in- the-Siea. Norton-Bo-vant, Wilts, E. of Warminfter. Norton-Britner, Oxf. SW. of Witney. Norton Canon, Hercf. S. of ."Wchley, Norton, Cold, Eifex, near Stow- Maries. Nor ton-Cony ers, Yorkfliire, near Rippon. Norton Curii, Warw. near Bud- broke. Norton.Da^j:fiey, Devonf. near Dartmouth. Norton-Dijhey, Line. N. of licckingham. Norton, Eajl, Leicef. in Tugby parilh. Norton, Friars, or Mid- fummer, Somerfetf. in Kiimerfdon parifh. Norton in the- Clay, Yorkf. NW. of Bo- roiighbrldge. Norton, Lindfev, or Upper, Warw. W. of Cl?.verdoii. 'Norton Mai- re-ivard, Somei Ittf. between Dundry and Pensford. Norton-Mande^Sille, Effex, N. of Ongar. NortonO-jer, Oxf. near Chip, ping Norton. Norton Over, 3 miles from Gloucefter. Norton ftiper-Montem, Norf. S. of Attlebridge. Norton-underHamb- den- Hill, Somerf. 2 miles from St. Pether- ton. Norton H'ood, Norf. N. of Foulfjiam. Nor-'vell, Nottinghamf. S. of Wiliou^hby. Norton Sound, a large bay of the N. Pacific Ocean, on the W. coaft of N. America, difccvered by Captain Cook in bis lad voyage. Lat. 63. N. Ion. 161. to 364, W. Norway, a kingdom In the N. of Eu- rope, the moll wefterly part of the ancient St.iudinavia, It is lormed natiuallv into NOR two neat divlfions ; namely, Northern and Southern, or Proper Norway, leparated from each other by the fmall Swedifli pio- . vince of HernJahl. Norihern Noiway ia a long and narrow flip of land, extending as far as Cape North, the molt northern fioint of Europe, beyond 71. o. deg. N. at. and bounried on the W. and N. by the Northern Ocean, by Swcdifh and Ruf- fian Lapland on the E. and by Swiden on the S. It is divided into Nordland and Finmark, and comprehended in the go- vernment of Drontheim. Southern Nor- way is bounded on the E. V)y Sweden, and on the S. and W. by the Northern Ocean. It is divided into the four governments of Aggerhuys or Chrilliania, Chriltianfand, Berglien, and Drontheim. From it's reeky foil and nortiiern pofitioi;, Norway is not populous in proportion to it's ex- tent. Mr. Coxe has calculated the num- ber of inhabitants to be 750,000, who, like the Swifs mountaineers, are efteemed good foldiers, and are exceedingly attach- ed to their country. The horfes are fmall, but ftrong, a6live, and hardy. In Nor- way they have a particular code, called the Norway Law, compiled by Giicffel- fcld, at the command of Chriftian V. the great legiflator of this country. By this law, the palladium of Norway, peafants are free, a tew only excepted, on fome arlftocratic eftates near Frcdciicftadt ; and the benefits of this code are vifible in the great difference, in their appearance, be- tween the free peafants in Norway, and the enflaved vaffals of Denmark, though both living under the fame government. The Norwegian pealants poffei's much fpi- rit and fire in their manner; are frank, open, and undaunted, yet not inlolent ; never fawning, yet paying proper refpeft. " Their principal mode ot falute,'! fays Mr. Coxe, ♦' is by offering their hand ; and when we gave or paid them any trifle, the pealants, inftead of returning thanks by words or by a bow, ffiook our hands with great franknefs and cordiality." Th& fame caufes which affeft the population of Norway, operate likewife on the flatc of tillage; for, although in fome places ve- getation is lb quick, that the corn is fown and cut in 6 or 7 weeks, yet the country dots not produce fufficient corn for it's own confumption. It is, however, ex- ceedingly rich in pafture, and confequent- ly produces much cattle. The firtieries, particularly on the weftern coaft, find em- ployment and wealth to the natives. The principal fifh, which dried and faked, fur- nifh a confiderable article ot exportation, are the cod, the ling, and the whiting: their NOR tfteir livers alfo yield train oil ; and the fmallelt are given as winter fodder to the cattle. The enttnfive forells of oak and pine produce timber Ipars, beams, and planks, befide charcoal, turpentine, bark, fuel, and even manure ; and the birch (the bark of which is iifed as a covering for tlie roofs of houfes) not only fupplies fuel, but alio a kind of wine, which is produced by boring a hole in the ti'unk, and the wine diltiis into a flajk placed un- der it. The twigs of the birch alfo, as well as of the eldt-r and afpen, are given to horlcs in fcarcity of fodder. The ge- neral exports of Norway are tallow, but- ter, fcilt, dried fi(h, timlw:r and planks, horlesand horned cattle, filver, alum, Pruf- fian blue, copper, and iron. Norway abountls in lakes and rivers; the former io large, that they appear like inlets of the fea; but the bays are fo fmall, that they appear like lakes. It was formerly go- verned by it's own hereditary fovtreigns, but is now united to the crown ot Den- mark. The capital is Chriftiania. * Norwich, an ancient, large, and po- pulous city of Norfolk, feated on the river Yare, which runs through it, and is na- vigable hence to Yarmouth, without locks. Although it is 6 miles in circuit, the po- pulation is not fo great as might be ex- pelled from that circumftance, as it con- rains a number of gardens and orchards within the walls. It has a (lately ancient caftle, on a hill, which commands a fine view of the city : this caftle is the fhire- houfe for the county, and the county gaol ; the afi^zts for the city being held at the Guildhall, Norwich has a good public library, a city and county hoCpital, a lotty market-houle of freetlone, and a bridewell built of flints, remarkable for being beau- tifully cut into regular little fquares, witli- out an' vifible cement. It had formerly 58 parochial churches, befidcsmonafteries; and has now 36 churches, btfides the ca- thedral, chnpjls, and difllnting niceting- houfes. It had alfo a flint-lfone wall, now much decayed, 3 miles in compals, which Jiad 40 towers and was finilhed in 1309. Here is a freefcliool, founded by Edward VI. and feveral other charitable founda- tions. Norwich long took the lead, in point of comiricrcial conlequence among the inland tnjwns. For this it was indebt- ed to it's great nianufaciures of crapts, bombazines, and fluffs of virious kintU, whicli are dill confiderable, though fomc- what declined, on account of the rivaUhip of the cotton branches, and in conlequence ot pio'iihitions in foreign countries. The m^Biiifa^ure is confined to the city, but NOT the operations of fpinning and preparing the wool, employ the poor of moll of the fmall towns and villages in tiie county. It is computed that fluffs to the amount of 700,000!. have fomctimes been manufac- tured here in a year. It adds much to the trade of Yarmouth, by the vaft cargoes of coals, and other heavy goods, which come to it from thence by the river Yare. Heie are many good buildings, particu- larly a very fpaclous market-place; buc Tne ftreets (that of St. Giles excepted) are narrow and ill-difpofed. The market- place being on an alcent, is very clean, and has a fine effeft. This city has 12 gates, 6 bridges over the Yare, about 7500 houfes, and 45,000 inhabitants. It is well fupplied with provifions, and is 43 miles N. of Ipfwich, and 109 NE. by N. of London. Lat. 52.40.N. Ion. 1.20. E. Markets on Wednefday, Friday, and Sa- turday. Norwich, a town of Conneflicut, N. America, ieated at the head of the river Thames, 1 2 miles N. of New London ; at which place and Norwich the executive courts of law are held alternately. Here are manufaflories for paper of all kinds, (lockings, clocks, and watches, chaifes, buttons, ftone and earthen ware, wire, oil, chocolate, bells, anchors, and all kinds of forge work. The number of houfes is about 5C0. Norwich, a town of Vermont, N. America. NorzvooJ, a village in Surry, fituated on a fine hill, in the parifhes of Croyilon, Streatham, Lambeth, and Cambtrwell. It is a wildly-rural fpot, and was, fbme years ago, a principal haunt of the gipfles. It is 5 miles S. of London. Ncr-ivocJt Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Nor-.LOod, Kent, near Ramfgate. Norix-ood. Middl. a c'lapel of eafe to H^ycs. Nor^MUod- Park, Nott. near Southwell. Ncf.Iry, Leicelferfhire, NW. of Hallaton. No/fol- I-hill, Yorkn/ue, SE. of Wiikefield. Ao/- trop- York(hire, near Leeds. NoTEEURG, a town of RufTia, in the government of Peteifburgh, feated on au ifland in the lake 01 Lad< g i, at the place where the river Neva pn.ceeds from this lake. It was the capital of the province of Ingria, before Pctcrfburgh was built, from which it is 25 miles E. Ncteley, Black md fVhite, EfTex, near Brain, e. Notgro've, Gloucelterlhire, 4 n)iles NW. of Northlcfcli. Nolley, Bucks, near T.ime> in Oxtordfhire. NoTO, Nuovo, an ancient, large, and htndlome town of Sicily, capital of the Val-di-Noto. Jt vvis entirely rained bv ^ 1> 3 4 N O T »n earthquake in 1653, t^'" f''<^ inhshlt.. ants built nnother town nt fome fliltancc from it. It is 14 miles bW. ct' Syiacule. Notoivn, Noit. near Thiirgiaron anJ B!;i(i.by. NofUi)-. Cornw. N\V, ot ShImAi. •Nottingham, the cuuivy-town cf NattinghamOiire, t.ikes it's name fiom the Saxon, Snotteng.il'.am, or Hoiift of Dens, fo called from the fj>acl>nis. vaults dug in the rock, in which the ancient Briio^is 10- fuM. It is plealantly fcntcd on a rocky eminence, above the meadows hordevinq the Trent j on the higlielt part of which ftands the cartle, a large, elegant, and no- ble palace, belonging 10 the Duke of N.-wr callc, with a niott ex'.eiifive profpcft. It IS a large, populous, and handfome town, ciiftinguifhed by it's fpacious market- place, and noted as one of the principal fe.Us of the liocking manufaflure; parti- cularly of the fin.-r kinds, as thofe of filk and cotton. It has alfo a manufaiftory of coarfe earthen ware, and a conhdcrable trade in malt. It is remarkable for it's vaults or cellars, cut into tlie rock. Many of the houles in the market-place have their fronts fupported by lofty ilonc co- lumns, which make a very handfcme .ip- pearance, and at the fame time afl'yrd fiul- ter in wet weather. The ftieets are well paved, and, from their fituation on a rock, many of them are always clean. Heavy goods are brought hither irom London by lea, and up the ri\er Trent ; and msny coal pits, within 3 or 4 miles of tiie town, affoid plenty cf fuel at little expence. It is 16 milrs E. of Derby, and 123 N. by W. of London. Lat. 53. o. N. ion. i. 5. W. Markets on V/cdnefday, Friday, and Saturday. Fairs on Friday after Ja- lunny i jth. May 7th, Thurlday before Eaiier, and OiSfober 2d. N OTT! NGii AM SHIRK, a coDnty of Eng- land, bouiuicd on the N. by Yorkihireand Lmcolnlliire, on the E. bv the latter coun- ty, on t!ie S. by Leiccfteifliire, and on the W. by Derby ihiie. It's greatcR iengih is 4.3 miles ; it's grcatell breadtli above 20. It is «livid(rd into 8 hundreds, and contains 13 towns, j6S parities, and 350,^00 inhabitants. Being agrteabJy iituated between the mountainous country of Deibyfliire on the one hand, and the fl.u u! LinC'.lnfturc on tiu- other, it cnjojs fuch a leinpevature ot ibii and climate, as to render it one ot the melt fertile and agreeable counties in England. The piincipal rivers are the Trent and Idle, Almoli the whole of the nnddle and wtlf- ern parts of the county were formerly oc- cupied by the exttufivt foreft of Sherwood, which is the only royal ioreft N. yt the NOV Trent j but the vii'ood has in many parti been cleared, and the extent of the tordt much fotitraffpd. A canal from Cticfter- /icld in Dcrbyfti):e paffe? acrofs the north- ern part of this county, and joins the Trent jufl as that river ceafes to be it'$ boundary. The chief produJfs of this counry tire corn, -malt, pit-coal, of which there is great plenty ; and a kind of (lone foinewhat like alabafler, hut not fo hard, which, wiien burnt, makes a plifter harder than that of Paris, with which the inha- bit.ains generally plafter >he fl'yors cf their upper rooms, inftead of bearding them. Thfir other commodities are malt, wool, licorice, woad, fifli, and fowl. Their ma- nufacfures chiefly confiil of framework knittin, capital of the Novarefe. Nova Scotia, a penlnfula of Acadia, about 240 miles in length, and fron) 30 to 60 in breath h, joined to the continent by a narrow ifthnuis at the NE. extremity of the Bay of Fundy. The whole province was formeily called Nova Scotia, but in J 784 it was divided into two governments, Nev/ Brunlwick and Nova Scotia. Seve- ral new towns have been found.td here, during and lince the American war; and the country is in ni.my parts cultivated and flouiilhing. The winter lafts here, with great Icverity, during, at leafl, 7 months in the year. The foil is tolerably fertile, though inferior to that in New England. NorELi.AP.A, a town and prirdpality of Italy, lubjeCt to Modena. It is yi miles NE. of Reggie. Novi, a town of Italy, in Genoa. No VI Bazar, a town ot Bulgaria. NoviGRAU, a town and county of Hungary, feated on a mouiitain near the Danube, 14 miles E. of Gran. NoviGRAD, a town of Venetian Dal- ir.atia, leatcd on a bay of the fame name. NoviGRAD, a town of Sclavonia. Nou-KiANG, the Chintfc i^mc of the river Ava. NovoGORODECK, a large town and a palatinate of Lithuania. NovQGOROD, one of the mod ancient cities of Rulfia, in the governmint of the fame name. It was formerly called Great Novogorod, to diftinguifh it from other Rvllian N O U Ruflian towns of the fame appellation. It was the gitat mart of trade between Ruf- fia and the Hinieatic ciries, and made the moft rnpid advances in opulence and po- puiatiun. It's territory extended to ilie N. as far as the frontiers of Livonia ami Finland ; comprifing gieat part of the pro- vince of Archangel, and a large dilhiil beyond the iS'W. limits of Siberia. At this period It's dominions were lb exten- five, it's power fo great, and it's fituation fo impregnable, as to give rife to a pro- veib, '• Who can reiilf the gods and Great Novogoiod ?" But in i477> this in- depenoent rtpviblic was obliged to fubmit to the arms of Ivan VafTilivitch I. gi and dulce of RinTja. An enormous bell, deno- minated by the inhabitants eternal, ar/i revered by them as t'.ie p:'.lladium of their liberty, was removed by their conqueror from Novogorod to Molcow. Itconiinued, neverthelefs, the largeft and moft commer- cial city in Riiflia, and contained at leaft 4.00,000 people. It was fii (1 defol ited, in a manner, by the cruelties excrcifed here by Ivao VAiliiivitch IT. in 1570, hut it's fplendor was not totally eclipled until the ■Czar Peter built Peterfburgh, to wliich favourite capital he transterred all the commerce of the Bal'ic that had before centered here. Ir now contains I'carce 7000 iniiabitants ; but a vail nmnber of churches'^and convents ftand mehmcholy inonuments of it's former magnificence. The town llrctches on both lides of the Vokhova, a beautiful liver, of con fid era ble depth and rapidity, which i'eparates it into two divifioiis ; namely, the Tra.tiiig P.irt and the quaiter of St. Sopliia. The ca- thedral of St. Sophia is one of the mull ancient in Rniiir : it w: be Mahometans. Great part ot the coaft is under the power of the Turks. The exports oi this coun- try are gold, elephants' tee.-h, civet, fan- dal woo.!, and llavt s. Miiict grows in great abundance; and the fugar-cans is Cultivated, but, for vrjant of knowing vvell how to prepare it, ffic fiigir is black. Ti'.e principal towns knov/n to the Euro- peans are Djr;g.iia and Sennaar. Nucefiovjn, m Cork, Munlter. NuESTRA Set;ora-de-la-P.'\2, a town ot Pein, ir> the audience ot Charcas. It is Icated in a valley abounding with vines and fiuits. NUESTRA- SENORA.-DE-LA-V1TTO- RIA, a town of Tabalco, Mexico, on the coaft of the B', miles NW. ot Moipeth. A«;.^'/ro;i;^*,Northumb. near Corchefter aud Ht.di.iui, on the banks of the Tyne, on the brink of a precipice aoo teet high, over the lincft natural the- atre in the N, ot England. Nunfanton, Durham, on the Skern, E. of Biiliop- Auckl.ind. Nunthorp, Yorkf. N. of Stokcl- Icy. Nuiiion, Wilts, SE. of Salifbury. Numveli, Iflc of Wight, in E. Medina. Nufi-zuicb, Ncrthunib. near the contiuence of the S .mo.idbtnn with the Tyne. Nup- Jonxjii, Glouccfterf. in Hill pari/h. Nup- ping-End. Gloucdurf.-near Afhelworth. NuREMBURG, one of the moft hand- fomc and flouri(hing phces in Germany, capita] of Franconn, and a free imperial ciry. It is feated in a fandy, barren foil, and yet the inhabitants are fo indnlhious, that they have brought this republic into a very flouiilhing if.ite. It is about 6 miles in circumference, fiirrounded by high wails, flanked with 365 towers, as N U R alfo with a deep ditch. The river Prg- nitz runs through the middle, and divides it into two paitt, und over it an 12 (lone bridges. A-Tiong the public buildings,' two of the churches, the arlenal, and the very m ignificent council houfe, are great- ly admifLd, The towiifhien are divided into eight quariers, or parts, and 131 captainlhips. The govcrmr.ent is arifto- criitic.i!. Tiie great council is compofed (if 203 perlons, and the iupremt council of 34. patricians, and of 8 of the moft leput- able tratlelmen. The burgcflcs are very induftrious, and fine workmen in arts, Th' ir maps, prints, paintings, and en- gravings are in high elttem, as well as their mufical and mathematical inftru- ments ; nor are th-y lefs curious in clock- work, and in the fcvci;d manufactures of metal, ivory, wood, and alabafter. The trade in tovs mndc here, and fold in Eng- land by the name of Dutch toys, is coiifi- dcrable, though it docs not bring in fo much money to the town as formerly. Here is alfo a famous academy for paint- ing. The anatomical theatre, and the public librarj', are alfo worth notice. Geography is much indebted to the cele- brated fliop for land charts, eftabli(hed here by John Baplift Homann. In the cleanneis of their Itrects, and the neatnefs of their houfts, they imitate the Dutch ; and though they formerly kept to their old habits, they now follow the moll fafhion- ?.ble modes. Though their religion is the Lutheran, on account of their having tor- nierly received the interim, fcvcral Roman Catholic cuftoms are (Hll retained in their divine iervice. The building called the church of the Holy Gholt, has a variety of leliqups, as alfo the imperial crown, the imperiil fceptre, the globe of the em- pire, the tword of St. Maurice, the impe- rial mantle, the white lobe of the empCr rors, called the Dalmatic, the golden fur- plice, the mantle of the choir, and the gloves, the llippers, and the hereditary crown of tiie Emperor Rodolph 11. All thefe rarities arc placed in a chert, which is fufpendcd by a rope in the dome, and they are never taken down but at the co- ronation of the emperor, or when any per- fon of high diftinilion wants to fee them. The ancient and luperb ciftle, or palace, which the inhabitants bought of the bur- graves, is liill llanding at the extremity of the city. It was partly burnt down in 1410, and contains at preftnt a granarj', a pentagonal tower, and a prifop. Here aie four Latin fchools, \K^\d.t a famous college, or univerfity. No Jews are futfer- ed to lodge a fjngle nighc htre \ nor can they N y K tTiey enter the city at aU without paying a certain tax. They have, in procefs of time, obtained a confulerable territory, which is about 30 miles in diameter, and 100 in circumterence, and in which are two large torefts. Their maniitailiires are conveyed all over Europe by the means of two large fairs. The houfes are all built of frecllone, and are toiu' or five fto- ries high. It is feated almoft in the centre of Germany, 55 miles NW. of Raiifbon, and 'i'^c W. by N. of Vienna. Nurjied, Wilts, near Devizes. Nur- fied, Hants, SE. of Petersfield. Nurjii?:g, Hants, near Redbridge. Nurjlon, Staff. W. of Wolverhampton. Nusjiei'd, Oxf. -E. of Wallingford. Nutborn, Dv-vonl". iitar Tiverton. Nutborn, SulTex, NE. of Amberley. Nutcomb, Devon!', in E. Al- Jington parifli. Nuffield, or Nortkfield, Surry, near Bleciiingley. Nuihall, near Nottingham. Nuthiirji, Suflex, S. of Horfliam. Nutley, H.uits, between Alton and Whitchurch. Nutley, Suflex, i^. of AHidown Foreft. NutJIcd, Ken'-, 3 miles S. of Gravcfend. Nutvj'ith, Yorkfhire, near Mafliam, NuYS, a town of Cologne, Lower Rhine. Nybly, GloiicefterAire, near Durfley. Nyborg, a J'ea-port of Denmark, on the E. coall of the Ille of Funen, 10 miles E. of Odenfee. The fhips that pal's through the Great Belt, are obliged to pay toll here. Nyde, or Jca, a river in Yorkfliire, run- ning into the Oufe at Nun-Monckton. NyKOPiNG, a confiderable fea-port of N Y S Denmark, on the W. coaft of the Iflandof Zealand. NvLAND, a province of Sweden, in Finland, lying on the Gulf of Finland, and to the W. of the province of Carclia. It is about 130 miles in Icngili, aiul 30 iit breadth, and is a level, fertile, ple.ilant country, better peopled and cultivattd than the neii^hbouring provinces. Nyla?:d Hill, Sv^merictf. S. of Chedder. Nymburg, a town ot Boldlau, Bo- hemia. Nymph-Eank, in St. George's Chan- nel, about 10 leagues off the coalt of Water.'ord, in Manlier. It is a great fifli- ing-bank, abounds with cod, ling, Jkate, bream, whiting, and other fi(h. Nyneheud, Somi-rf. N. ot Wellington. Njiieton, Sliropi". SW. of Bridgenortli. Nyon, a trading town and bailiwick of Bern, Swiflirlaml. It is feated in a fer- tile country, 10 miles N. of Geneva. Nyons, a town in the dept. of Drome, feated on the river Ai^ues, with a fine bridge of one arch, proiiigioully high, the vyork ot the Romans. Here is a mineial ^P'''"'''S> and fome manufactories of woollen ftulib and ibap. Ic is 18 miles HE. of Orange. Nysi.ot, a town of RuiTia, in the eo- vcrnincntof Wiborg, 50 miles N. of Wi- borg. Nystadt, a town of Finland, on a bay of the Gulf of Bothnia. It is z% milts NNW. of Abo. Nyfum, Durh::ni, on tlie T«es, SE. of Darlington. Ny timber, Suffcx, near Pag- lluP.I. OAK OACCO, a town and province of Ben- gucla, in Africa. Oak, Staffordf. near Brom wick Weft. Oaken, Staff", near Codfall. Oak Farm, Dorfetfliire, in Corfcomb parif}!. Oakfield- Green, Berks, in Moriimer parifh, to- wards Reading. *OaKHAMPT0N, or OCKINGTON, a town of Devonfhire, feated on the river Oke, with a !n;Mia failure of fergts. It is" 24 miles W. of Exeier, and 355 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Oak-Hill, Eii'ex, near Runiford. Oak- of Honour Hill, Surry, near Didwjch. OakingtQn, 4. miles from Cunbridge. Oakeky-Lodge, Gloiicef. a hamlet of Cl- renceifer. Oahlej, NW. of Bedford. Oakle^i Porfetfhire, j mk from Mcjlej-, O B E Oakley, StafFordfliire, nearCroxal. Oallcy, Oxfordlhire, near Chinner. Oaks, S'U(,p- fhire, SW. of Condovcr. Oakzvell Hall, Yorkf. E. ot liali'ax. Oatiands, Suiiy, near Wi) bridge. Ohan, a viilage of Ar- gylc-ihiic, on the fea-coa(f, S. of Loch Erive. Here is an excellent fifliing lia- tion, wi'.h a cuftom houl'e. Obasi.ne, a town in the dept, of Co«'- rtze. 5 milts S. of Tulles. OnoACll, a town ot Auftria, in Siili, Odericirch, a icwn in the circle of the Upper Rhine, la miles E. oi Stralburg, OBKRNDORfK, a town of Holiirn'mfg, in Aultrian Sualna, on the river Neckar. OcrRNPURG, a town of Havail^, on the Inn J and a town of Men z, Lo^cr Riiine, ODE Oberstenfeld, a town of Wirtcm- bur;^, Suabia. Obi-RWESEL, a tovwn of Triors. Oblcy, Shro[illiiie, between Clun-Cjftle and Htn)t(-n-C.ulle. Obollah, a town of Ptrfun Iiac, near Baff.)iah. Oborn, Doifetf.near Shcrborn. Ohridge, SotntrC between Ltdiarcl in;l Wel'iri_r;iO!i. O'Eru/i' J- Bridge, in Clare, Munlki. Oby, a river ot the Riiflian eiripire, in Afn, which riles in the cielcrt o( irchiml- ka, and ninnlog N, joins the Irtylh, near Tohol/ki, and tails into the Frozen Ocean, in lat. 66. 55. N. Ion. 70, o. E. Oby, Norfolk, near Thurn. OcANA, a town of New Coflile. Ocheiiiie, Devon.1>j;e, near Exeter. OCHiLS, the name of iome verdant and gently-lwdling hills of Perthfhire, S. of iJtrathcarn. OcHSESFVRT, a town of Wuizburg, Fianconia. Ock, a river in Berkfiilre. Ock, a river in Devonfldre. OcKA, a river of RufTia, which palTes by Ocka, Kalug;i, and falls into the river Vol-^a, near Nilhriei Novogorod. Ockbrook, 5 milis from D.rby. Ock- enden, N. and S. Effex, S. of Cranham. OcKER, a river of Brunl'wick. Oskeridge, Gloucef. a hamlet to Biflev. Ockcrton, Oxfordf. W. of Banbury. Ock- ford, Dcrletlhire, in Marchwood Vale. Ockford, Child, Superior and l',firicr, Dori'etf. E. of the Srour. Ockford Fhsi- paine, Dorfetf. 3 milrs SE. of Siurminftcr- Newion. Oikham, Suriy, SE. of Woking, Odlejlon, Chen-.irc, S. of MiddKwich. Ockky, Bucks, NW. of Tame. Ockley, Worcefferfliire, near Salwarp. Ocilty, Great and Little, Northimpionfliirf, hy Rockingham Ft'rcft. Gckley-Pdrk-Hcufe, Shropfhire, near Ludlow. Ockold, Suffolk, S. of Eje. OsulUi\d OcuU-Pichard, NE. of Hereford. OczAKow, or OczAKOFF, a town lately of Turkey in I.uropt, but now in- cluded in New RulTia, or the government of CatherintnUaf. It is feated at the iiuuth of the river Dnieper, cpi-ofiie Kiniuirn, 190 miles N. by E. of Conftantinople, Lat. 46. 50. N. Ion. 33. 16. E. Odcomb, Somerlctf. between Crewkern and Yeovil. Oddefion, Leicef. NW. of Bofworth. Oddleden, Wtlfmorland, near Crofby-Ravcnfv.'orth. Gdcb\, S. of Lei- ccfler. O./t, !-(/;, Bedf. NW'. ofBediWd, and near Sharnbrcok. Qdel, Bedfojdfhire. Ode.nsee, an ancient town of Denmark, capital of the Ifle of Funen, fcr.tcd on a finall river, about 2 milts from the Bay of OFF Stcgeftrand, and 75 miles VV. of Copen- h3j;cn. Lat. 55, 30. N. Ion. 10. 17. E. OutR, a river of German), which has it\s foiirce near a town oi tlie lame n ime in Moravia. It luos NW. ihrcugh Silefia, ar.d th-ni Into the Mirche of Brandenburg and Pomerania, where it tt-rms a large lake, afterward faiimg into the Baltic Sea by three mouihs; between which lie the Illands of U;'edom and Wollin. Odereurg, a towiiofTelchcn, Silefia; and a town of the Middle Marche, Bran- denburg. Odernheim, a town of Deux Ponts, circle of Upper Rhine ; and a town in tne ciicic of the Lower P%.hine, 14 miles S. of Men;z. * Odiham, 3 town of Hampdiire, fitu- ated on a navigable c:mal, from th^ Wye and Thames, to Balinglfokc, It ii 24 miles NE. ot Winchcller, and 42 VV. by S. of London. Market on Si; ui day. Odingley, Wore. 2 miles SE. of Droit- wicii. Oddington, G:oucel. 2 miles irora Stow. Oi^/;7^/o«, Oxtjrdl. near Imp. Od- fhke, Wdts, near S.difbury. Odfj Grange^ Hertfordflure, between Baldock and Roy- fton. Oeland, a fertile ifland of Finland, about 120 miles in circumference, encom- paflVd %vith fmall iflands and rocks. Oebsfeld, a town of Magdeburg. Oels, a city and principality of Silefia, 14 milts ENE. of Breftav/. Oelsnitz, a town of the Vogtland, Ujiper Saxony. ^ Oesel, an ifland of RulTia, on the coaft of Livonia, and at the entrance of the Gulf of Riga, 3 miles S. of the Iile of Daghoa. It is about 70 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. OtTiNG, a town of Upper Bavaria. Oeting, or Oetingen, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, capital of a county of the fame name ; Icated on the river Wirnitz, 16 miles NNW. of Douawert. Ofanto, a river of Naples (the an- cient Ai:fidus) which rifes near Conza, and falls into the Adriatic, 10 miles W. of Trani. Ofchurck, Warwickf. NW. of Scjthain. Offa's Dike, an intrcnchment calf up by Otfa, a Saxon king, to defend England againll the incurlions of the Welch. It runs through Hsrtfoidfliire, Shropfhire, Montgomery riiire,Denbighfiiire,andFiiut- fliire. Offam, SufTeX: NE. of Arundel. Offenbach, a town of Ilenburg; and a town of Salm ; both in the circle of Up- per Rhine. OFrENEURG, O H I Offenburg, a townof Ortenau, Sua- bla. Offenham, or Uffenton, Worcefterfhire, near Evefham, Offerton, Chefliiie, E. of Aliringham. Offington, or Uffingtofi, Btrks, near Faringdon. Offington, SufTex, near Tcrring. Offlt-y, Bijhop^i and High, Sraff. near Eccle/hall. Offcrd, near Derby. Offord, Warwickl'. part of the lordfhip of Wotton Haven. Offcrd Cluny and Dacy, Huntingd. near Bugdcn. Offton, Suffolk, SVV. of Needham. Ofham, Kent, i mile and a half from W. MTlling. Ojjhy, Great and Little, Herts, SVV, and W. of Hitchin : named, per'aaps, from Offa, the Mercian king, who livid a good while, and died at Great Offley. Ofx<:ell, De- vonshire, between Axminfter and Honiton. Oghorn, St. Andre^vs, St. George, and Maffty, Wiltihie, N. of Marlborouoli. Qgerjione, Huntingd. VV. of Stilton. Ogle- CajUe Northumb. NW. cf Point Eland. Oghthorp, Yufkf. near Bramham. Og- more-River, in Glamorg. Ognerjli, Siury, 3 miles E. of Godalmjn. Ogjhne, Dprb. NW. cf All'reton. Og-xuell,E. and /^'. Drvonlhire, i mile from Newton-Friars. Oheteroa, an illand in the S. Pacific Ocean, 1 5 miles in circviit, without either harbour or anchorage, and only a bay on the W. coaft, which is foul and rocky. It is neither fo populous nor fertile as the illands to the northward of it, but the in- habitants difplay greater ingenuity in carv- ing, cutting, and polifhing their clubs and fpears, and in their manuta61ures of cloth. The ' form circles round their arms and legs, but have no figures on the other parts of their body. The people are lulty, and rather browner than thole of the Society Illes. Lat. 12. 27. 8. Ion. 150, 47, W. Ohio, in N, America, one of the moft beautiful rivers in the world, has it's fource in the Allegany Mountains, and is called the Allegany, till it'sjunfliun with the Monongahela, at Fort Pitt, when it fit it receives the name of Ohio. It runs a courfe of near 1200 miles, in a SW. direc- tion till it joins the MifllfTippi, about 10 miles above new Madrid, fonni;ig the N, boundary of the Ifate ol Kentucky, and 1 c- ceiving,in it's courfe, numbers of large and fniall rivers. The only dilhdvantage this river has, is a rapid, one mile and a half long, and a mile and a quarter bioad, called tlie Falls of Ohio, in lat. 38. 8. N. In this place the river runs over a rocky bottom, and the defcent is fo gradual, that the fall does not, probably, in the whole exceed 20 feet. When the ftream is low, empty boatif only can pal's and rt- pafs this rapid j their lading muii k^ O I s tranfported by land; but, when high, boats of any burden may pafs in fafetv. Excepting this place, there is hardly a finer river in the world for navigation by boats. At a falt-fpring, near this river, very large bones have been found, far furpalfrng the fize of any fpcciis of animals now in Ame- rica. The head appiais to have been about three feet long, the ribs leven, and the thigh bones about four; one cf which is depoflted in the libniry in Philadelphia, and is laid to weigh fcventy- tight pounds. The tuiks are above a foot in length, the grinders above five inches fquare, and eight inches long. Specimens of thefe bones have been fent to F'^ince and Eng- la.id, where they have been found, upon comparilbn, to be remains of the fame f'pe- cies of animal that produce the fbiril bones whicli have been dilcovsred in Tar- tary, Chili, and leveral other places, both of the old and new continent. What ani- mal this is, and by what means it's ruins are found in regions fo widely different, and wheie none fuch exilts at prefent, is a queftion of difficult dtcificn. The bones bear a great refemblance to thole of the elephant. There is no terrellrial animal now known, large enough to produce them. The tufks, with which they are equally furnilhed, equally produce true ivory. But, from the fortn of the teeth, it has been obferved, that they muft have belong- ed to a carnivorous animal, whereas the habits of the elephant are foreign to fuch fulfenance, and hisja-.'-s totally unpiovided with the teeth necelfury for it's tile. From the whole, it has been conclud d, to the fatisfacfion of naturalills, that thel'c bones belonged to a quadruptd, now unknown, and whole race is probably extinft, unlefs it may be found in the extenlive continent of New Holland, whofc rtcelfes have not yet been pervaded by the cunoiity or avi- dity of civilized man. OtcH, Loch, a lake of Inverncfsfhire, extending 4 miles long, and a quarter of a mile wide. It contains ibme little wood- ed ifl.uids ; and it's waters flow thiough Locii Nefs into the Frith of Murray. It is 4. m.lcs SW. of Fort Augultus, OiRA, a town of Otranto, Naples. OiSANS, a town in the department of Il'ere, 28 nules SE. of Grenoble. OiSE, a department of France, lying S. of tiie department of the Somme. Jt takes it's name fmm a river which rife* on the confines of Hainault, and pafling by Noyon, Conipeigne, PontoUe, &c. falls into the Seine 5 miles S. ot Pcntoite. Bc-auvais and Compvigne aie alternately Oke, OLD Oii, Somcrf.ncniMilvtrton, Okcbury, Hams, 6 milts from Andovcr. Okiford, Dtvonf. on a rivtr running into tl)c Ex, near B:impton. OkeforJ, Gluac. in Marfti- i,M parilli. Oh-JoyJ Child, or Okeford, Ui>per and Lo^Mfr, Dorllttl. near Bl;ind- ford. Okcprd EjUH't'ig, or Shilli7ig, Dor- ictfliirc, neur Sturminltcr. ♦Okeham, tlie county town of Rut- hndrtiirc, fe.tted in a rich valley, calkd the Vale of CarmoS, is pretty wtll built, and has a frte-fchool, and an hofpital. It is 38 milcs S. by E. of Nuttingliani, and (^8 N. by W. of London. Markets on Mon- day and S itunlay. Oheham, Sutrex, near Lewes. Okehamp- tQu-Monki., Dcvonf, near Hathtrley. Oke- kangi r, H ints, SE. of Alton. Okehanger- A/fr^, Chcftiire, S.oi Sindbach. Okehurjl, SufiTcx, N. ot Billinghinft. Oheley, Surry, W. of N<;wdigare. Okeley, Suff. between Denhain ami Difs. Okdley, Slirop/hire, by Bifliop's Caltle. Okeley, ChunhMiS North, Hants, SW. 01 Baiingllcke. Okeley Eajl, or Water, Brrklhire, near Bray. Okihy, Gnat and Little, EflVx, SW. of H.irwicli. Oken, StafF. near Coi-'ilal. Oif//(j, Bucks, ntar Ne wj>ort- P.ignel . Olajibazv, Yorkf. in Burllall pari(h. Oke?ya(t\ Shropf. near "VVrekinHili. Okcover, Staffoidi. on the Dove, near Blore. Okefey, Wilis, NE. of Mihiiibury. Qke's Green, "Dnhyi'. S. of Afiibui n. Okttborp, Dei by(. near Adi- f)y-de-la-Zouch. Okenjuood, Surry, near Okeley, on the borders of Su(fex. Oke- 'worth, Yorkf. SW, of Keighley. Okey. KBur, Stafford rtiirf, mar Alum, *Okingham, or Wokingham, a town of Bcrkrtiire, wi'h a nianutaifory of Clk rtockings and cloth. It is 8 miles SE. of Reading, and 31 W. of London. Market on Tucfday. Okotzk, one of the four provinces of Irkutzk, in Rudia. It's capital, of the iair.e name, is feated at the mouth of the Okota, in a bay of the Eaftern Ocean. From this port veffels fail to Kamtl'chatka. The traile between htre and Jakutik is carried on both by land and water. The joui pey, by land carriage, tikes up near fix wteks, the road lying over mountains, and tlirciugh moraiLs and thick woods of larch and birch trees. Every thing is carried this way on hories or rcjn-detr, the latter of whicli are funiiflitd by the Tungufrans. Ola-jes, St. in Watevford, Jilunller. Ola--ues, St. Suffolk, SW. of Yarmouth. Clt-'Oft, a river in Herciordrtiiie. OIdA''Lcy, in C rk, Munrter. OUicr.j. Durham, near Sedgfi^ld. Old- harrtyiu, or Old'-orougb, Wore, adjoining War .V, near a« ancient tuaiulus or bairow. OLD Oldhridge, in Louth, Leinfter, 2 iniie» from Drogheda. A very haiidlbiue obclific is ere6fed here, on a rock, on the banks of the Boync, in commemoration of'th* vic- tory of William III. over his tathtr-iu- law, James II. OlJbury, Gloucef, in Stapleton pariffa. Oldbury, Suffex, between Cliichcllef and Arundel. Oldbury, Warw, S. of Athcr- ffon. Oldbury, Warw. a mile from Hen- ley in Arden. Oldbury, Glouc. in Thorn- bury pnrilh. Oldbury Chapel, Srzffori\(. 1 mile E. of Dudley Caillc. Oldbury-HiU, Wilis, near E. and W. Ktnnei. Ol3u- ry (M-iheHUl, Glouc. 6 miles from Tet- bury. Oldbury- on the Se'vern, Gloucef. near Aulf Ferry. Old Carlijle, Comber- land, I mile S. of Wigton. Oldcajile, Che- fliiie, near Malpas. Oldcajlte, Monmouth- fliire, on the Munnow, N. of Alterinnis. *Old Castle, a town of Meath, in Leinlfcr, 4.1 miles from Dublin. Oldcajile, in Cork, Munftcr. Old-Court- Dozilas, Hertfoidfhire, S. of New Court. Oldenburg, a town and county of Weltplialia, having K. Fricfiand on the W. and the county of Dclmonliui ft on the E. It is about 4.5 milts in length, and 30 in breadth. It is a marfny country, with fat paltures, but fubje6f to great inundations, and is noted for fine horfcs. On account of Oldenburg, the king of Denmark, to whom tile counry belongs, has a Icat and voice in the Wtllphalian College of the counts of the empire, as alfo at the diets of the circle of Wcftphalia. Oldeneurg, a town of HoJftem j aud a town of Padtrborn, Wtftohilia. Olden DOR F, a town of Scbawenburg, Weltphalia. Oldenzeel, the capital of TweBtc, in Overjflel. The neiglibouring dirtricl is called Sallant, or Zallant, vvlncli, accord- ing to Ibme authors, means the country of the Salleiis or ancient Saiii. Oldeslo, a town of Ilollfein. Oldfield, Chelhiie, on the Dee, bet^veen Cheller and Hyle-Lake. Oldfield, Line. SW. of Market- Railln. Oldf.eld, Yorkf. near Rippon. Oldford, Middlefex, in Srepney parifli, near Straifoid-le-Bow and Hackney. Oldford, Somcrfetfliii e, between Frome and Beckington. Oldham, Lanca- /hiie, 6 milcs NE. of Manchcder. Old Head of Kinsale, a rocky pro- montory of Cork, in Munfter; running far into the fca. It is 4. miles S. of Kin- ) fale, and has a light- houfe on it. Hawks and fea-eagles, or ofpreys, build theii- ncfts among the recks. OU-Harp^ Huntingdonf near St, Ives. O L L CU'.Ji, Warwkkfhive, S. of Balfhall. Old- land, Gloucefterf. near Kingrwocd-Forett. OLi'Merrktif in Dublin, Leinfter, near the metropolis. Old- Mill Jheet, in Cork, Jrlunfter. Cldmixon, Somerfetf. near Bridgewater. OLimoor, Northumb. near Morpeth. Old- ridge, Devonfhire, SE. of Crediton. Old-Rofs, in Wexford, Leinlter, 63 miles from Dublin. Oldfioke, Hampfliire, near Michcldever. Oldjione, in Antrim, Ulfter. Oldton, Suffolk, a miles from LeoftofF. OLito'ujn, in Donegal, Ulfter. Oldtovun, Northumb. with the Ch.ipel- Houfe, S. of Bcltingham. Oldtoiv/i, North- umb. E. of Oldtown, with the Cliapel- Houfe. Oldto-uvn, Heref. near ylltcrinnis. Oldtoiun, YorkI'. NW. of Halifax. Oid- •iuark-Spring, Nottingh. near E. Bridge- ford. 0/Jvj?«r/f, Northamp. N.ofThrap- fton. Oldiviijes, or Oldvxod Leas, KfiU, in Chilham parifli. Olepen, or Oldpen, Gloucclterfhire, 3 miles trom DurHey. Ol£RON, a town and fertile ifland of France, lying on tlie coalt of the dept. of Lower Charente, 5 miles from the conti- nent. It is 1 5 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. The number of inhabitants is about iz,ooo. rhey are mofUy leamen. In the reign of Richard I. this idand was - part of the poffeffions of the crown of Eng- land ; and here that monarch compiled the code of maritime laws, which are called the Laws of Oleron, and are received by all nations in Europe, as the ground and fubftruftion of all their marine conftitu- tlons. Oleron, a town in the dept. of Lower Pyrenees, 10 miles SVV. of Pau. Btfore the revolution, it was the fee of a bifhop, who had the title of Premier Baron of Beam. Olczcnrk, Vorkf. near Boroughbridgc. Olesico, a town of Bcicz, Poland. Oliica, a town of Volhynia, Poland. Olinda, or FliRNAMEUC, a town and jurifdi6f ion in the E. part of Bndil, on the coart of the Atlantic. Lat. 8 13. S. Olite, a town of Navarre, formerly the rtfidciice of the kings of Navarre, but now much reduced. It is 20 miles S. of Painpeluna. Oliva, a fea-port of Pruffnn Pome- rania, 10 miles NW. of Dantzick j aifo a town of Valtncia. OnvEN7,A, a town of Alentejo. Ollantigh, Kent, in the parifli of Wye. OUerfet, Dcrbyf. in the High Peak. 01- krjlon, Yorkf. SE, of Pjckei mg.. Oiler, (on. Cm. fhire, SE. of Knoi'tsfcrii. * OiUrtoHf y uikiljire, S. of Slieiborn. O M I Olmeda, a town of New Cafille. Olmutz, a trading town ot Germany, capital of Moravia, atid a circle of the lame naine, with a cclUge, a ridins aca- demy, and a Itariied Itciely. It is well built, populous, and fortlfieJ, and is ftat- ed on the river Morawn, So mi'ei; N. by E. of Vienna, and 97 KSE. of Beflau. Olney, a town ol Bucks, with 3 con- fidcrablc manufaiRure of bontlace. It is feated on the rivtr Oufe, is miles SE. of Noahampton, and 56NN\V. of London. Market on Monday. Olonne, an ifland, town, and harbour, in the department of Vendee, 30 miles NW. of Kochelle, and 25S SW. of Paris. Olonhtz, a town of RufTn, famous for ii's mines of copper and iron, and ii's mineial ipring. It is fituated in the go- vernment of Olonetfkoi, on the river Olon- za, which falls in^o theE. fuieoftl.r L;tke Ladoga. It is 104. miks NE. of Peccii- biirgh. Olfton, Somerfetfliire, near BrlHol. Olt. See Alauta. OLTEN.'atown of SwifTerland, capital of a bailiwick in t!;*; canton of Soleuie. Olton, Staffordfliire, N. of Stone. Olto.t^ Upper and Lonver, SmfFordfliire, near Nor- bury. Ollo?i, Lozv, Cliefhlie, near Dela- nu-re-Forell. Olion-End, or Okitr End^ Warwickfhire, N. of Sjlihidl. Olyv.-makers, raylorj, and boat build- ers. They niauufadure mats, and bafkcts of graCs, which are both ftrong and beau- tiful. Tnere is, indeed, a neatnefs and perfedion in mJt cf their works, whicli fliows tiiey are deficient neither in ingenu- ity nor ptri'everance. Lat. 53. 5. N. Ion. 165, o. W. OosTBORCH, a town in the ifland of Cadfano, 4. miles NE.'cf Sluys. OosTENBV, a town of Sweden, in the ifland ot Osland, 27 miles S. of Borkholm. Oporto, or Porto, a iiandfome city and lea port of Douro, in Portugal, with an excellent harbour. It is noted for it's ftrong wines, upwards of Sojooo pipes of whicti art expoited annually; whence all red wines that come from Spain or Portu- gal to England, are called Port wines. Tlie road is fpacious, and will contain a large fleet j that from Brazil foinetimes rides here. Next to Lilbon, it is the richcft, mod populous, and molf commer- cial town in the kingdom. Htre is an arfenal for fitting out fhips of war, which are built in the docks. It is feated on the declivity of a mountain, about 3 milrs from the mouth of the Douro, and 147 N. by E. of Lifbon. Lat. 4.1. 10. N. ion. S. 21. W. Oppeln, a town of Silefia, capital of a principality of the lame name, with a fine hofpital. The chief tiibunai ol julfice, and the firll confillory of Silefia, were fet- tled here in 1742. The principality con- tains 27 towns, and but few villages, it is fortified in the ancient manner, and is feated on the river Oder, 35 miles SE. of Breflau. Oppenheim, a town and bailiwick in the palatinate of the Rhine. ORB OPPIDO, a town of Calabria Ultra; ani a town of Balilicata; both in Naples. Or, or Ore, a river in Suffolk, which runs into the fea at Orford Haven. Orach, a town of Turkifli Bofnia. Or AN, a town of rremelen, in Barbary, wi:h feveral forts, and an excellent har- bour. It is feated partly on the lide of a hiil, and partly on a plain, almoft oppofite to Carthagena, in Spain. It is about a mile and a half in circumference, and is held by the Spaniards. On the 81 h of October, 1790, tiiis place was nearly de- (froytd by an earthquake, little but the ex- terior walls being Kft ftanding ; and 2000 peribns peridied on this uccalion. It is 160 miles W. by S. of Algiers. Lat. 36. 2. N. Ion. o. 8. W. Orange, an ancient and confiderable town in the department of Drome. It was an important place in the time of the Romans. The triumphal arch, vilited by connoifilurs, and which is 200 paces from tiie town, was formerly within it's limits. This arch, which was much damaged in 1707 and 1709, was erefled by Cains Ma- rias and Luclatius Catulus, after the vic- tory which they obtained over the Cimbri and the Teutones. Here are alfo the re- mains of a fine amphitheatie, fome aque- dufts, &c. whicii tlcaped the fury of the Giths and Saracens. The principality is about 10 miles long, ard 7 broad, con- taining one city, two fmall towns, and nine villages. The iovereignty of it was lodged in the Houie of N iifau, from 1598 to 1702, when it reverted to Frederic 'William, king ot Prullia, on the death of William ill. king of England, and iladt- holder of Holland. By the treaty of Utrecht, it was ceded to the houle of Bourbon. Orange is fcr.ted in a fine plain, on the little river Aigues, 26 miles N. of Avignon. Lat. 44. 9. N. Ion. 4. 49. E. Oranienburg, a town and palace in the Middle Marche, Brandenburg, on the river Havei. Orar,more, in Galway, Connaught. Oratavia, a lea-port on the VV. coaft of the [(land of Teneriff, and tlie chief place of trade. Orbassa.v, a town of Piedmont. Orbe, an ancient handlbme, and piea- fant town of S.viiVerland, in the Pays de Vaud, and capital of a bailiwick, whole Iovereignty is divided between the cantons of Bern and Friburg. It is feated on a river of the fame name. It's romantic lituation, the boldnels of the fingle-arciitd bridge projefting over the Orbe, the wild fcenery on the hanks of that river, it's fre- quent catarailS; and tlie vaiious picture fque views ORG vlcvw m the neighbouihooti, are mud) ad- niiied by travellers. It is 2+ miles SW. ot Frilimr;. Orbit'kllo, a Tea port of Sienna, with a ftooil harbour, and well ionificti, but lubjoCl to N ip!v.s. OliBRii, ,1 river of France-, which rifes in the mount aiiis of the Ctvennes, w.-iters B-rziers, and Falls into the Gulf of Lyons, 5 mill's hflow that town. Or^iy, Lincoinfliire, NF/. of Spilfby. OncADES, or Orkneys, a clulKr of iflir.di on the N. of Scotland, Iroin which tlii-y are iVparated by a cliannel, 20 miles in length, and 6 in it's nearcft breadth. Their numbt-r has generally l>ien reckon- ed 30, of which 26 are inhabited: the reft arc Cdlleii lioliiis, and are u(cd only for pafturage. The principal one, called tiie the Mtin Land, or Pomona, greatly ex- ceeds ilie others in extent. Beyond this idand, to the NE. are leen, among others, Rjwfay and Weftra, Shippinlhu and Ed- da, StronHi, Sanda, and N. RonaltTia. To the S. appear the Ifles of Hoy and S. Ro- nalrtui, witii others of interior note. The currents and tides, wiiich flow between the'e ilhnds, are extreinely rapid and dan- gerous ; and, near the fm.ill Kle ct Swinna are two whlrljiools, tliat have been known to fnalch ia boats and liglit ve(f;ls, which were inftantly fwallowed up. The (trait, called Pentland Frith, which divides ihcfc iilands from the county of Caidinefs, is likewife very dangerous to thofe who are not well acquainted with the tides and currents; efpecialiy in paiTing the Pent- land Skerries, a clufter of rocks that lie in the E. entrance of the Frith. Springs of puic water are found in all the mountain- ou"; p-\rts of thefe iilands ; and there are numerous lakes and rirulcts abounding in filh. The heath on thcl'e mountains /bel- ters groufe, plovers, fnipes, Sic. but liere are neither partridges, hares, nor foxes. There are numbers of fheep and Imall black cattle. The piodufts cf the valleys and plains are bear (an inferior kind of barley) and oats, but no other fort of grain. The climate of tht'e iilands is un- favourable j although they do not fuffer fo much from froil and liiow, as might be Aippofcd from their northerly pofition. In general, the air is moift ; and they are otten vifited by dreadful itorms of wind, rain and thunder. Their longeft day is 19 houis and a h'alf; their ftiorteft four and a lialf. Thus, for about three weeks jn midfummer, they enjoy the fight of the lun, aimoft without intermilfion; but, for the fame fpace in winter, that luminary Kaully rllVi above the horizon, and i# ORE commonly obfcured by clouds and miffs. In this gloomy feafon, the abfince of day is fupplied pardy by moon-light. But the radiance of the Aurora Borealis con- tri!)utes ftill more effei'^lually to fupply this want. The almoft inctHant corruf- cations of thefe meteors, are, indeed, fub- limtly beautiful ; and we, wlio only fee the extremities of thefe northi.'rn phaeno- inena, have but a faint idea of their fplen- dor and their motions, in the higher lati- tudes. The inhabitants are robuft and hardy; the inferior clafTcs are active and jndultrious, while thofe of fuperior rank aie diltingiiiflicd for politcntfs and hofpi- tality. The Teutonic, or Pi6tifli, lan- guage was in general ufe here till the laft century ; hut, except in Foula, where a few words are ftill known by aged people, it is quite loft. The Englifti language, with a Norwegian accent, is now general- ly fpoken in the;"e iilands, although many of the inhabitants ufe the Nurfe. The principal trade cf thefe iilands is with Leith, Hamburg, and Bergen. Thtir chief exports are linen and woollen yarn, ftockings, butter, dried fifti, herrings, oils, feathers, and fkins of various kinds, and kelp. The Orkneys contain about 23,000 Inhabitants, who are divided into 3 pref- byteries, and i g minifteries. Orchard, Devonfliire, between Tavlftock and Oakhampfon. Orchard, Dorfetftiire, in Purbeck Kle, 2 miles from Ccrfe- Caftle. Orchard. Dorietfhire, in Whit- church parifti. Orchard, E. and W. Dor- ' fcrfliire, 2 miles from Bedceitfer. Orchard, in C^rlow, Leinfter. Orchard- Houfi, Middl. E. of Poplar. Orchardley, Somerf. N. of Fiome. Or- chard-Portman, Somerfetf. near Taunton. Orchardjloke, Gloucef. between Chelten- ham and Tewkfbury. Orchard Windham, Somerf. in a vale between Samford, Brett, and Nettiecomb. Orcharton, Devonf. near Modbury. Orche/Ion, St. George and St. Mary's, on or near Saliftjury plain, NE, of Hatchbury. Orchies, an ancient town in the dept, of the North, 14. miles SSE. of Lifle. Orchilla, a fmall ifland, or clufter of iflands, in the W. Indies, near the coaft of Terra Firma. The only animals found here are goats and lizards. Lon. 6 5. 20. W. Orde, E. and /F. Northumberland, near Norham. Ordingen, a town of Cologne. Orduna, a town in Bifcay, 20 iniles SW. of Bilboa. Ordfall, Nottinghamf. E. of Redford. Orebro, a town of Sweden, capital of the province of Nericia, fcated near the weftern O R I \veftern extremity of the Lake Hielmar. Here are manufa£lures of firearms, cloth, and tapeftry ; and tiiey carry on a confi- dciable trade with Stockholm, acrol's the Hielmar and Macler, by means ot the ca-r lial of Arboga ; (ending iron, vitriol, and red paint, in particular to that capital. Orebro is 88 miles SSVV. of Stockholm. Oregrund, a lea port of Upland, Sweden, feated on the Gulf ol Bothnia, 34- miles NNE. of Upial. Orel, a government of Ruflia. It's capital, ot the lame name, is feated on the rivers Occa and Orel, 176 miles SW. by S, of Molcow. OiiELLANA. See Amazon. ORENBURGH,a province and it's capi- tal in the government of Ula, in Ruilia, 180 miles S. ot Ufa. Orense, a town of Galicia, on the Minho. Orfa, or RoHA, a confiderable town of Diarbeck. It formerly belonged to Periia, but is now in the Turkiflj domi^ nions, and is a place of very good trade. Xhey deal in carpets cf feveral forts, Ibme of which are made there. It is feated on the river Euphrates, 83 miles NE. of Aleppo, and 100 SSW. of Diarhekir. Orford, a lea-port ot SLitfolk, feafed near the mouth of the river Oie. It wgs formerly a good fifhing town, but the lea has retired from it for many years. Here is a handfome church, whole tleeple is a fea mark, and near it are the ruins ot an old callle, as alio of a pt'iory, St. Geoige's- Chapel, and a houfp where fcamen's wives ul'ed to pray for the fatety of their huf- bands. It is laid to have been once very large, and to have had ji churches; but it has now only about 30Q houfes. There is a light-houfe at Orfordnefs, which is of great ufe to feamen. It is 18 miles E, of Jpfwich, and 88 NE, of London, Mar- ket on Monday, Qrganford, a village near Poole, in X)orlctlhire. remaxkable for the prodigious quantity of pennyroyal, here called organ, that is produced in the neighbourhood. Orgarf-vjick, Kent, 3 mjlcs ^nd' «i half N'i- of New Romncy, Orgaz, a town of New Caftile, ORGELET,a town in the department of Jura, feated at the fpurce of the rlyer Va- Joufe, 30 miles N. by E, of Boiirg. Orgra-ve, Staff, near lying's Bromley, Oria, a town oi Otrauto, Naples. QkiE^T, or Port ^'Orient, a regu- lar gnd handlom?; town in the dept, of Mi^rbihan, bi)ilt in lyzo, by the French P, India Company, who made it the ex- f iHfiVe m^rt ef UieJf S9t|iniei?e. The har- O R L hour, which is good, but not fpaclous, ]« oppofite Port Louis, and at the bottom of the fame bay. It is 5 miles SSW, of Hennebon. Origuela, a tovv^n of Valencia, witl^ an univerfity; and a town of Arragon. Orjiva, a town of Granada, in Spain, Orio, a town of Guipufcoa, at the mouth of the river Orio ; and a town of Ncgroponte, in tiie Archipelago. Qrissa, a province of the peninfula of Hindoollan, boimdtd by Bdiar and Ben- gal on the N. by Berar on the VV. l)y tiie northern circars on the SW. and the B;iy of Bengal on the SE. The djilri^f of Midiiiapour, in this province, is luhjeft to the Englilh E. India Company ; but alj the rell beiongi to the Bcrar Mahrattas, O.RiSTAGNi, a town of the il^and of Sudinia, with a good harbour, and an archbifhop's fee. It is largt, and well fortified, but thinly inhabited, en nccount of the unhealthy air; and is I'tated on the weftcrri coaft, on a bay of the (ame nan^e^ 38 miles NW, of Cagliari, Orifionvn, in Meath, Leinfter, Orkney Islands. See ORCA.QE9f Orlamund, a town of Altenburg, Upper Saxony, fubjcft to the Duke of SaxeGotha. It is leated at the conflux of the Sala and Orla, 40 mile§ WSW» of AUenburg. Orlajlon, Kent, N. of Appledore, Orlando, a cape on the N- coaft of Sicily, 15 miles \V. of Patti, Orleanojs, a ci-devant province «f France, which, with the Bl^J'cis and Chartrain, is divided into the three depart- ments of Loir and Cher, Loiret, and Eure and Loir, It is divided by the rivei' Loire into the Upprr and Lower, and i3 a very plentiful country. Orjcan^ i$-(,l}« capital, Orleans, a large, ancient, rich, and handfome city of prance, capital of th? dept, of Lojret. It is built in the form of an oval, and contains d, piiiicipal gates, ai parilhes, and about 40^000 people. The ftreets are fpacious, but the liouleg are generally ill-built. That named by C,.,^t.iin W:illis, in Junt-, 1767. Some hogs were I'eer^, It is called Miatea by the natives. Lat. 17. 51. S. Jon. 147. 30. W. Ofnry Abbey, near Oxford. OsoRNO, a town of Chili, feattd on Rio-Biieno, in a territory where there aie mines of gold, 40 miles SSE. of Baldivia. Oj}ring, Kent, 2 miles SW. of Fever- fliam. OJfet, Yorkrtiiic, i miles from Wakefield. OssETiA, the country of the Ossi, or OssETi, one of the 7 Caucafian nations, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. It is fertile, and contains 19 difjit'tts, of *vhich one is fiibje6f to Imeritia, and the others to Georgia. Their language has iome analogy with that of the Perlian, but their hiftory is entirely unknown. Tlie Circaflians and Tartars call them Kuflia j that is, Bones. OJJlngton, Nott. near Carlton on Trent. OssORY, the weftern divifion of the Queen's Coun:y, in Leinlfer, Ireland ; giving name to a bilhopric. the cathedral of which is fituated at St. Canice, in Kil- Jtenny. OssuNA, an ancient and well-peopled town of Andalufia, with an univerfity and an hofpital, 40 miles SSE. of Seville. OsTAGio, a town of Genoa. OsTALRic, a town of Catalonia. OsTEND, a large and populous fea-port of Flanders, famous for the long fiege it iult.iined againlf the Spaniards, from July ,5fh, 1 601, to September 22d, 1604, when it furrcndcred, by an honourable capitula- tion, to the celebrated Marquis Spinola. The Spaniards loft neai'ly 80,000 men be- iore this place, although, whtn it was iii- refted, they did not cxpeft it would hold out a fortnight. It is leated in a maifliy Toil, among a number of canals, and al- Tiiort furrounded by two of the largeft of tliem. Ships of great burden enter tliefe canals with the tide. It is az miles NE. of Dunkirk. Lat. 51. i+. N. Ion. 3. i. E. OJietibanger Houfe, Kent, in Stamford parifl). CjhrUy Fark, Middlefex, NW. of Brentford. OsTiA, an ancient and celebrated town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, leated at tlie mouth of the Viver Tiber. The air being unwholefonie, it is now very ♦hin of people, and gone to decay j and the OTA Tiarbour is choked up. It is 12 miles SW. of Rome. O.'.TiGLfA, a town of Mantua. Ojion, Suffolk, SW. ot Needham. OsTROGOTHlrt, the name of the eaft- ern pari of Gothland, in Sweden, having Nericia and Sudermanland to the N. the Baltic to the E. and Smaland to iheS. OsTUNi, a town of Otranto, Naples, near ths Adriatic. It's teirltoiy is welj cultivated, and abounds with olives 3\Ki almonds. O/njuald, St. Nortbumberl. on the Pifis Wall, N. of Hexham. Here Olwald de- feated Cedwall, a Britifh ufurper, and here he let up the firll crofs in the kmg- dom of Northumberland. Ol'wald wa» af- terwards fainted. OfzualJeJIa^M, between Worcfclftr and Sptechly. Ofn.valJkirk, Yorkfhire, S. ci Hclmfley. OswEco, a fort of N. America, Tea ted on the S. lide of the Lake Ontario, at ifie mouth of a river ot the fame name, 90 miles E. of Niagara Fort. * Oswestry, a town of Shropfhire, feated near the head of a fmall river. It has fome trade from Walts in flannels j and is 18 miles NW. of Shrewfbury, and 174 NW. of London. Market on Mon- day. OswicczEN, a town of Poland, in Cracovia. It has a great trade in fait, and is feated on the Viltula, 32 milts W. Oi Cracow. Ojyth, St. EfTex, fituated near the fea, 12 miles SE. of Colcheftcr. Otaha, one of the Society Tflands in the S. Pacific Ocean. It li^s N. of Uli- tca ; and is divided from it by a ft rait, which, in the narroweft part, is not more than 2 miles broad. This ilb.nd is finaller th m Ulitea, and not 16 fertile, but it has two very good harbours. OrAHi;iTEE, one of the Society Iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 90 miles in circumference, fuppoled to have been feen by Quiros in 1606. It was firft difcovered to the Englifh by Captain Wallis, in 1767, who called it George the Third's llland. Bougainville next arrived at it in 1768, and flaid 10 days. Cook, in the Endea- vour, came hither, in 1769, to obferve the tranfit of Venus, failed round the whole ifland in a boat, and ftaid 3 months. It has fince been vilited twice by that cele- brated navigator. It was vifited alio, in 1774, by two Spanilb flilps frojii Lima, It confilts of two peninlulas, great part of which is covered wiih wooils and lorells, conflrting partly ot bread-fruit trees, palms, cocoa-nut trees, plantains, bana- nas, mulberries, lugai-canes, and otlters peculiar OTA peciiliar to that climate, pai'ticularly of a kintl of ananah, or pine-apple, caCuari- nas, and dragon trees. The people have mild tiratures, and a pjeafing countenance. Tiicy aie about the largelt lizc of tlie Eu- ropeans, of a clear olive or brunette com- plexion, with fine black, hair and eyes, and wear a piece of cloth round their middle, of their own nianufafture, and another wrapped ab ntt the head, in various pi6lu- relqwe fhapes, like a turban. The wo- men, wlio are accounted veiy handioioe, wo^:ir ;i piece of cloth, with a hole in the midd.e, thrmigh which they pafs their heads, fo that one part of the garment hangs down behind, and tne other before, to tile kiees ; a fir.e wliitc cloth, like muiiiii, pafies over this, in various elegant turns, round the body, a little below the breatt, terming a kind ot tunic, of which one lui-n iomeiimes falls gracefully acrol's the fhouldcr. " This drels." !,= V3 Mv. Forlier, " appeared more a.;'.-.\;itai,i;ous to the human figure, than any modern fafhion we had hitherto fecn. Both fexes are adorned, or ratiicr disfigured by thofe black ftains, occafioned by puncturing the Ikin, and rubbing a black colour into the woands. Tills operation is performed upon the youth of both fexes, when about 12 or 14. years of age. No language feemed eaficr to actiulre than theirs, every harlh and fioilant conL -nant being banlfhed from it, a«d almolt every word ending in a vowel. The only requifite is a nice ear to diftinguKh the numerous modifications of their vowels." The houfes of the na- tives conlllt only of a roof, thatched with the long prickly leaves of the palnrnut tree, aaci fupported by a few pillars made of the bicad-fruit tree. As a roof is luf- ficient to ihclt.r the natives from rains and nightly dews, and as tiie climate of this ili;md is one of the fineft in the world, the hollies have feldom any walls, but are open on all fides. Various little birds were found among the Ihrubs and trees, that had a very agreeable note, though common report among the Europeans, lias denied the powers of harmony to the birtis of warm climates. The birds moft com-, mon are two Ibrts of paroquets, one of a beautiful fapphaiine blue, another of a grecnilb colour, with a few red Ipots ; a king's filhtr, of a dark green, v/ith a col- Jar of the lame hue round iiis white throat; a large cuckco ; Icverai I'orts of pigeons or dovt-s, herons, and ducks. The cloth of the natives is made of the fibrous bark pf the mulberry tree, which is beaten with a kind oi mallt-t ; and a glue made of the tijbjfcus efculentus, is employed to make O T A the pieces of bark cohere togetlier. Some of thefe pieces are 2 or 3 yards wide, and 50 yards long. The colours with which they dye this cloth are principaily,red and yellow. The red is exct-edingly beaut!lui> and of a brighter and more delicate colour than any known in Europe. Their mat- ting is alfo finer and better, in every re- fpeft, than any we have in Europe. They aie alfo exceedingly neat in making bafket and wicker work. Their fifhing lines ara alfo the beft in the world, made of a kind nettle which grows in the mountains, holding -he ftrongelt and moft 3nges, oc- cupying (with the exception ot the diflrift or Rampour) all the flat country between that river and the mountains of Thibet, as well as the principal part of that fer- tile iraft, lying between the Ganges and Jumna, known by the name of Dooab, to within 40 miles of the city of Delhi. The dimenfions of Oude and it's depend- encies are eftiinated, by Major Renne], at 360 miles in length rrom E. to W. and in breadth from 150 to 180. The capital is Liicknow. The nabob is in alliance with the Britifh power, and a brigade of the Bengal ainiy is conllantly flationed on the weftern frontier, covering Oude as well as Bengal, and keeping the weftern ftales in awe. The whole expence of this eltablifhment is paid by the nabob of Oude, undei the name of a fubfidy. Oude, an ancient city of Hindooftan Proper, in the fjubah of Oude, the re- mains of which are feated on the Ganges, neaily adjoining Fyzabad. It is laid to h ive been the firff imperial city of Hin- dooflan, and to have been built by their heio Kiilhen. In Colonel Dow's tranfla- tion ot Feritfha's hiflory, it is mentioned, as the capital of a great kingdom, 1209 years betore the Chriftian era; and it is frequently mentioned in the Mahaberet, the famous Hindoo wOrk in Shanfcrit, (the learned language of the Bramins) under the name of Ajudia, But whatever may have been it's former magnificence, fcarcely any traces of it are left. It is confidered as a place of fitnftiiy; and the Hindoos frequently come hither, in pil- grimage, from all quart^rrs of India. OuDEN.^RP, a rich and ftrong town of Flandtrs, O V E Flanders, on the river Scheldt. They have a manub(flure of very fine linen, and of curious tapeftry. This town was befieg- ed by the French in 1708, but they were compciied to raife the fiege by the Duke ©f Marlborough, who entirely routed their army, (commanded by the Dukes of Bur- gundy and Vendome) and took 5000 pri- Joners.. It is 12 miles S. ot Ghent. OUDFNBURG, a town of the late Au- ftrian Flanders, 8 miles SE.ofOftend. OuDiPOUR, or Meywar., a province of Hiiidoodan, belonging to the Rajpoots, 100 miles in length, and nearly as much in breadth. The rana, or prince of Ou- dipour, is a fort of head of the Rajpoot ftates, receiving homage from them by a long-eftabliihed curtom, but not claiming fuperiority in any other way, OuDiPOUR., the capital of a circar in the country of Agimere, Hindoollan, Oijenden, Yorkf. near H:ditax. Over, Camb. E. of St, Ives. Over, Chel". by the river Weever, Over, near Gloucefter. Over, Glouc. SW. of Chipping-Sodbury, Overacres, Northumberl, near Ellefdon. Over-Arley, Staff, near Kidderminfter. Overbothillejlon, Northumb. a hamlet of Warkworth. Over bur ro'iv, Lane. S, of Kirby-Lonfdale, Overbury, Wore, near Tewkelbury. Overchurch-. Chefliire, near Hyle Lake, Overcot, Northamp, NW. of Daventry, OvERFLACKEE, an illand of Holland, in the Maefe. Sommerdyck is rhe capital. O'ver-Hall, ElTcx, a manor of Morton. Overkall, Northumb. near Thirle-vall- Caftle. Overkill, Heref'ordf. near Hope. Over-Ifgnr, Ndrtiumib, a manor ot Fcl- ton. Overla-fid Kent, near Afli. Over- ley, Sh'-opf. NW. of Wem. Over. Mogna and Parva, SW, of Derby. Over Mil- ton, Wore, in Hu tlcbury parifh. Overs- bridge, near Glouceller, O-verjley, Warvv. in the parifti of Arrow. Ovsrfirand, Norfolk, near Cromer. OverJ\vell, Glouc, rear Stow-on the- Would. Overtoil, C\\e{'. N. of Malp.is. Ovtrton, CheHi. between Upton and Macciesfield-Foreft. Overton, Flintlhire, S. of Wrcxiiam, Overion, Glouc. near Arlingham, * Overton, Hants, 8 miles W. by S. of Bafingltcke. Overton, Lancafliire, at the mouth of the Lune, SW. of Lancafter. Overton, Northamp. between Lamport and Wal- grave. Oiuly, Kent, in the Itle of Ox- ney. Overton, Oxfordf. S. of Chalgrave. ■Overton, Slirepf. near BilHngfley. Over- ton, SmtF. on the borders of Ctiertiire, to- ■wards Congleton. Overton, Wilts, near E.and W.Kennet. Overton, Wilts, S, O U N of Swindon. Overton, Wilts, near Erer- ly-Warren. Overton, Glouc. in Pre(bury parirti. Overton, Wove. SW.of Evefham. Overton, Yorklhire, near Stockton-Moor. Overton Longville, Huntip.gd. near Peter- borough. Overton Sanfye,'L<:\cti. E.of Ailiby-de-la-Zouch. Overton If^atervile, or Cherry-Overton, Huntingd. near Over- ton Longville. OvERYscHE, a town in the late Au- ftrian Brabant. OvERYssEL, one of the feven United Provinces, bounded on the E. by the bi- fhcpric of .VUinlter; on the N, by Weft Friefland and Groningen; on the W. by the rivtr YfTcl, and part of the Zuyder Zee ; and on tiie S, by the county of Zutphen and the bifhopric of Munfter, It is divided into three diftin(5l parts, which are, the territories of Drente, Twente, and Salland. There are many moraffes in this province, and but few in- habitants, in comparifon with the reft. It's greateft riches confift in turf, which is dug up here, and fent to the neighbour- ing provinces, particularly Holland. OUGEIN, a town of Hiodooftan Pro- per, in the province of Maiwa, capital of Madajee Sindia, one of the Weltern Mah- ratta chiefs. It is a place of great antiqui- ty, zoo miles SE. by S. of Agimere. Lat. 13. 26. N. Ion. 75. 56. E. OviEDO, a city of Spain, capital of Afturias, with an univerfity. Oughteragh, in Watcrford, Munller. OuGHTERARD, a town of G ilway, in Connaught, 119 miles from Dublin. Oving, Bucks, N.of Aylefbury. Oving- dean, Suflcx, E. of Biighthelmftone, Ovingham, Northumb, 10 miles W. of Newcaftlc. Ovin^ton, Fflcx, E.ofSte- ple-Bumpftcil. Ovington, H:mts, near Alresford. Ovington, Norfolk, N. of Watton. Ovington, Northumb. between Corbridge and Ovingham. Ovington, Yorkf. E. of Barnu.l-Caftle. OuUote, Nott. near Blithe. Oukote, Yorkl". NE. of Settle. Oxtd, NE. of Northampton. Ouldbarrozv, Warw. near Henley in Ar- den. Oulfjion, Chef. NW. of S.mdbach.. OuliaL Wurw. near Oiddharrow. OuLNEV. See Olnev. Oulpen, Glcucei. in Bagpath parifh. Ouljion-HM, Yoik(h. near Ealingwold. Oulton, Norf. NW. of Aldham. Oulton, Stiff. N.of Stone. 0«//o;/, Suffolk, two miles from Leoftoft". OuLX, a town of Piedmont. OuN"DLE,auniforin little town of North- amptonOiirc. feated on the rivtr Nen, 26 miles NE. of Northampton, and 8t N. by W. of London. Market on Situ: Jay. I i 4 Ounjhirry- OUT Giotjben'y-'fopphq, Yorkfhiie, a fteep> nigh, vtiilnnt moiintain, near Gifboiough, ill Cleveland, aff'onJini^ a hi;,iutiliil pro- fpedl, and lervingm.irincis as a lat-markt OunjiiUi, Diihyl. iicir Dronfiekl. Oun- ^Xi/S, Divonf.' W. of Kingfbiulge. Ou- ram, Vorkfliire, N. ol Hornley. Oure, Ktar, ne:M- Fcvcrlliam. Dure, SomeiT. W. of Porlock. Ourr, Siiflcx, N.of Haltings. Our EM, H town of PoiUiJal, in Eftra- Inaduiu, lealed on a mountain, between the to\vns of' Lei|-a and Tomar. bitreinoulh, Siiil'ex, by Thorney Ifle. Ol'riquf., a town of Alentejo. Oujhurn. Great and Little, Yoi kf. SE. nf Borovighhridge. Oujhy, Cumberland, ftear Kiik-Ofwaid. OusE, a river of SiifTex, Hfing from two brandies, one of which has it's fpring in St. l-eonarcPs Forcff , near the Iburce of the Arun ; the other, in the Forell of Worth ; but thty foon unite to the S. by Le ves, into one Itream, which, entering the Englifh Channel, forms the harbour ef New haven. OusE, Great, a river which rlies t»ear Brncklcy, in Northamptonfhire, wa- ters Bnckingiiain, Siony Stratford, New- fort- Paf!;nel, Ohiev, and Bedford, where it is navigable. Thence it proceeds to Sr. Neots, Huntingdon, St. Ives, Ely, and Lynn, below which it enters the Lin- Cnlnrtiire Waihes, or German Ocean. OusE, Little, a river which riles in the S. pirt of Norfolk, and divides that pounty from Suffolk, as it flows weitward. It becomes navigable at Thetford, and falls i»!to the Great Oufe near Down- ham. OusE, Northern, a river of York- ftire, formed by the junilion of the Uie and Swale, which rile near each other in the romantic trail, c .lied Richmondfhire. Thel'e, alter coUefting all the rills from this mountainous region, unite at Aldbo- rougii, and tlience take the name of the Oule, which now forms a large river. It flows through York, where it is navigable tor confidcvable Vt Ifels, and afterward, re- ceiving the VVharfe from the NW. the Derwent from the NE. and. the Aire, formed by the tmited Aire and Calder, from the W. and joined, neat it's termi- nation in the Oule, by the Dun from the SW. it falls into the Humber. Oujgrejs, Norrhumh. S. of Alnwick. t)iifley-?iridget Staff, over the Saw, E. of Car.k-Wood. Ouflern., Waiwickf. near MereVale-Abbev. Oujhn, Yorkf. N. of Eafingwold. OuJioK Ferry, Line, on the Trcp-, in tht Ifle of Axhoim, Oiitchef- ier, Northumb. near Bambuigh. Outejby, O W H and Outer'fide, Cumberland, in the ptirifli of ACpatrick. Otitlar, in Wexford, Leinfter. Outfeates, Derbyf. in the High Peak, Outn.ueU, Camb. SE. of Wifbeach. Out- nvood-Common, Yorkl. N. of Wakefield. 0'wdt'f-v:ell, Gloiic. in Wiihington parifh. Oit'tr-Mayne, Dorfetfliirc. OvvERRA, OvEiKO, or Oese, 3 *.er- ritory of Guinea, dependant on Benin> with a town of the fame name, on the ri- ver Foruiola. The air is unwholelbme, and the foil dry and lean; however, there are l"ever;'.l kinds of fruits, fuch as bananas and cocoa-nuts. The inhabitants are ftout, and are all marked with three incifions ; one on the forehead, and or.e on each temple. O'verjhy, Line. NW. of Market-Rai- fin. Ozvcrs Recks, E. of the Ifle of Wight. Ovjghton-Head, Herts, the fource of that river, near Hitqhin. OvvHVHEE, tlie eafternmoft and larged of the Sandwich Iflands. It's greatefl length, from N. to S. is 28 leagues, and it's breadth 24.. It is divided into fix dif- tri6fs, two of which, on the NE, fide, are feparated by a mountain, tliat rifes in three peaks, perpetually covered with fnow, and may be feen clearly at 40 leagues dif* tance. To the N. of this mountain, the coaft confifts of high and abrupt cliffs, down which fall many beaOtiful cafcades j and the whole country is covered with cocoa nut and bread-fruit trees. The peaks of the mountain, on the NE. fide, appear to be about half a mile high, and are entirely covered with fnow. To the S. of this mountain, the coaft prefents a prol'pe6f of the moft dreary kind, the whole country appearing to have nnder- gone a total change from the cffc6is of lome dreadful convulfion. The ground is every where covered with cinders, ami in- teri'e^ted in many places with black ffreaks, which feem to mark the courfe of a lava that has fiowed, not many ages back, from the mountain to the fhore. The fouthern promontory looks like the mere dregs of a volcano* The projev5flng headland is com- polVd of broken and craggy rocks, piled irregularly on one another, and terminat- ing infhort points; yet, amid thele ruins, are many patches of rich foil, carefully laid out in pl;intaticns> Tl'.e fields are incloftd by llone fcr.ces, and are inter- fperlcd with groves of cocoa-nut trees. There are fuppofed to be on this jfland about 150,000 inhabitants. It was here, on Feb. i+, 1779, that the celebrated Captain Cook fell a facrifice to a fudden jmpiilfe of jevtnge iu the natives, ,with whom O X F whom he unfortunately had a mlfuntler- rtanding or clilpurt. Lat. 19. 38. N. ion. 156. o. W. 0-ivlcole!, Dcibyf. in Scarfdale. Ozu- lertort: Yoikfli. near Sluffidd. Orjjlcy, Herts, near Buntingford. Ozcly, Kent, in Oxiiey Hie. Ozumby, Line. NW. of Caftor. Oivre, Camli. E. of St. Ives. Oivre, Dorfetf. in Purheck Ifle, 4 miles NE. of Corfe. Ozvre, Huiits, near Cal- lliot-Caliie. Owre, Shi'jp.lure, NE. of Atheriey. 0~^K)re-Chapel, Berks, S. of E. IKley. 0-ivre-Mo2gi:e, Dorictf. NEw of Weymouth. Oivre Nitij, DMltiihlrc, near Ower. Onurefvy, Liiicolnf. between Normanby and the river Ankam, Oijo- runii N. and S. Yorkf. in tlie parifn of Halifax. Ovofden, Suffolk, near Dalham. Onjjfehiiry, HampOi. between Winchefter and Bdh.;p\s-Waltham. Onjujion, Dur- ham, by the Wear, N. of Chefter-le Street. Oivjjon, Durhaui, near Scaton. O'xvfion, Nu-tliumb. S. of Stannerton. O^wjlvuick, Yoikf. in H Idemels. Oiuthorn, Yorkf. in the S. bailiwick of Horiifey. Oivthorp, Nottinghaml'. between Coi'graveand Hick- ling. 0-xvton, Cumbeil. N. ofWigton. O-vj-jhig, Suifcx, near Chiciiefter. Ox- borcugh, Norfolk, SE. of Downham. Ox- traad, Norfolk, near Cromer. Oxcliff, Lancafhlre, on the W. fide of the Lune, $W. of Lancafter. Oxcomb, Line. NE. of Horncaftle. Oxcrojt, Derbyfliire, near Bolfbver. Oxenborn, Hants, near Ealt Mean. Oxenborn, Hants, near Well Mean. Oxenden, GlouC. E, of Tewkef- bury. Oxenden, Nortiiamp- S. of Harbo- rough. Oxenfield, Lancaf. near Hnvkl- head. Oxenford, Surry, on tlie Wcy, SW. of Godalmin. Oxeiihali, Durham, a hamlet of Darlington, on the W. fide of the river Ikern. Oxcnhall, Glotic. near Newent. Oxenheaih, Kent, between Maidftone and Tunbrid^e. Oxenholm, Weftmori. i mile from Kendal. Oxey, Herts, S. of Watford. ^Oxford, the capita! of Oxfoidfhire, is fcated at the confluence of the Thames and Cherwell, on aii eminence alinoft fur- rounded by meadows, except on the E. fide. The whole town, with the fulnirbs, is of a circular form, 3 miles in circum- ference. It confiffs chiefly of two fpacious ftreets, which crols each other in the mid- dle ot the town. The origin ot the uni- veifity is involved in obfcurity ; a certain proof of it's threat antitjuity. Alfred, who refided at Oxford, together with his three fons, is laid to have founded three ichools, or colleges here ; one for philo- fophy, another for grammar, and a third tor divinity. It is generally I'uppol'ed, O X F however, to have been a femlnary of learn- ing before his time, although it owed it's revival and confequence to his lllieial pa- tronage. Al)out the middle of the 12th century, public lecfurcs on the civil law were read here not more than ten yeais after a copy of Juftinian's InJtitutes had bten found in Italy. In the icign of Henry HI. there were faid to be 15,000 fcholars, if they delcrve that name, the fole obje.51 with many being only to read and write, while the greatelt numl^r at- tained to neither, and the molt learned ac-. quired only bad Latin and- logic. Here are 20 colleges and 5 halls, Icveial of which (land in the ftreets, and give the cityanairofmagnifiCcn.ee, It is thoug!;r, that there is not fuch anorher group of" buildings, nor fuch another univerfity, at this day, in the world. 'l"he collegts are piovidetl with fufHcient revenues fir the niainttnance of a mader, fcilDws, and'ilu- dents. In the halls, the ftudtnts live, either wholly or in part, at their own ex- pence. The colleges are, Univeifitv, B.i- liol, Merton, Exeter, Oriel, Q^ieen's, New, Lincoln, All Souls, M.ig-falen, Brazen Nofe, Corpus Ciirilfi, Clirift Church, Trinity, St. Joim Baptift's, Jc- fus, Wadham, Pembroke, Woiceller, and Hertford, Of thcfe, Bdiol College is the firlt, according to Mr. Camden, that was endowed with a regular and permanent income, in 1269. The halls arc," Alban, Edmund, St. Mary's, New Inn, ami St. Mary Magdalen. Thefe Irfll were anciesit- ly hotels, or inns, and vi'ere the only aca- demical houfcs originally poneileil by the ftudents of Oxford. Among the libraries in the univerfity, the molt diltinguiflicd is the Bodleian, founded by Sii Tliomas Bod- ley; thole of AH Souls College, Chrilt Church, Queen's, New College, St. John's, Exeter, and Corpus Chrifti. Among other public buildings, are the Theatre, the Allimolean Mulijum, the Clarendon Printing-Houle, the Radclilfc Infirmary, and a fine Oblervatory. It is 20 miles SW, cf Buckingham, and 5!? W. by N. of Lomlon. Lat. 51. 45. N. Ion. I. 10. W. Markets on Wcdiiefday and Saturday. Oxfordshire, a county of England, bounded on the W, by Gloucelterlhire; on the N. by Warwickfliire and North- amptonlhire; on the E. by Bucks, and a part of Berks 5 and on th; S. liy Berk*. It's extreme length is 48 miles ; it's great- eft breadth 3^5. It contains 14 hundreds, I city, 12 market-towns, and 207 pa- rifhes, and a'oout 450,000 acres. The air is Iweet, mild, plealant, and hcaltliy. The O X F The foil, though various, is fertile in corn and grafs. The fouthern ptrt ot the county, el'peciiiUy on the bordeisot Buck- ini;haiMflure, is a hilly and woody coun- try, havini; a continuation of tin Chiltern Hills running through it. The north- weftern part is alfo elevated and (tony. The middle is, in gefieral, a rich country, watertd by numerous (treams, running from N. to S. and tenninating in the Thames. Of thefe,.the molt confiderahlc are the Windrufti, Evenlode, CherwcU, and Tame. Tl>e,latter, although an in- confidcrable rivulet, hanobtaimd fome ce- Itbriiy from having been luppofed to give name to the Thames, into which it flows above Wallingford. Tiie products ot Ox- fordlhire ^re chiefly thole common to the midland farming counties. It's hills yield ochre, pipe-ciny, and other earths, uUful for various purpofes. Corn and malt are tranimiticd from it, by the Thames, to the metropolis. Good cheefe is made in the grazing parts. The greateft want in this county is that of fuel ; for the woods, with which it once abr vmded, be- ing greatly diminifhed, it is neceflary to fupply the deficiency of fire- wood with fea-coal, brought, by a long and trouble- fome navigation, from L'mdon. The junction of the Thames with the Trent and Merfey, by the canal from Braunfton to Ham|)ton-Gay, and by another canal O Z L (for which an a£l of parliament was ob- tained in 1793) from Braunfton to BrtntJ lord, will greatly remedy this inconveni- ence. The moft confiderable foreft now reinainiiig in Oxford fliire is that of Witch- wood, between Burford and Charlbury. With refpeft to manufaftures, the town of Witney, in this county, is famous for blankets. 0:ci;aie, Middl. a prebend of St. Paul's, in Willdon pariOi. Oxhill, Warw. N. of Bi ailcs. Oxir.ton, Glouc. 4. miles E. of Tewkelbury. Oxley, St itf . N. of Wol- verhampton. Oxlinrh, Gloucef. in Stan- di(h parifh. Oxned, Norfolk, SE. of Ale- fliam. Oxncy, Northamp, near Peterbo- rough. O'XiteylJlanJ, Kent, formed by the Rothcr, near Appiedore. Oxnop^ Yorkfhire, SW. of Keighley. Oxfpring, Yorkf. SW. ot Birnedey, Oxted, Surry, in the parilh of Stoke- Dabernon. Oxtoa, Chertiire. between Upton and the Merfey. Oxton, Dcvonlh. in Kenton parifh, near Exmouth. Oxton, Yorkf. near Tadcafter. Oxton, Yoikf. N. of^Kilham. Oxivell^ Camb. between Bigglefwade and Cam- bridge. OxTvich, Norfolk, near Rain- ham- Hall. OyjierHa'ven, in Cork, Munfter, is fel- dom frequented by veffels. It is fuffici- ently deej), but the entrance is narrow, OzleiMorth, Gloucef. 3 miles SE. of Durfley. P A C PABBAY, one of the Weftern Tflands ot Scotland. It is about 9 miles in circuit, and has corn, marl, and p^fturc. Pabi.O, San. a lake of Qu^iro, abound- ing with fiih and wiid fowl. On it's banks is a village of the fame name. PaCajes, a jurifdiiftion of La Paz, in Buenos Ayres, The air is temperate, and the paftures are good. Packm, a town and kingdom on the N. coatl of Sumatra, dependant on Achen. It is 120 miles SE. of Achen. Pachacamac, a valley of S. America, in Peru, Celebrated for a magnificent tem- ple, built by the Iiicas of Peru, and dedi- cr.ted to the Supreme Being. When Pi- z:u-ro took this temple, lie found an im- menfe quantity or" gold in it, befides what tlie foldiers pillaged. It is about 12 miles S. of Lima. Pachsu, a fmall liland near the coaft of European Turkey, S. of Corfu. Pacific Ocean, otherwife called tVie South Sea, lies between Alia and Ami- P A C rica, and is upward of 10,000 miles in breadth. This immenfe body of water may be faid alfo to ftie;ch from pole to pole. When Magellan entered this ocean, through the dangerous Itrait that bears his name, he failed three months and 20 days, in a uniform direction toward the NW. without difcovering land. In the extreme diftiefs which he fufiered in this voyage, before he dilcovered the Ladrone Iflands, he had the conlblation, however, of enjoying Uich an uninterrupted courfe of fair weather, with favourable winds, that he belf owed on this ocean the name of Pacific, which it flill retains. The Spa- ninrds, having palTed the Ifthmus of Da- rien, froiTi N. to S. at the firft difcovery of this ocean, named it the South Sea, al- though, with rel'pcft to America, it is more propeily the Weftern Ocean. On cne fide of the equator it is called the N. Pacific Ocean; and, on the other, the S. Pacific Ocean. Packington, Leicefterlhire, a plea- iant. PAD fant, retired town, within a mile of Afli- by-cie-la-Zouch. Packington, StufF. NW. of Tamworth. Packington, Magna and Parva, Warw. S. of Coleihill. Pack's-Hill, SuflTex, near Horlted-Cayns. Packvjood, Warwickf. near Lapwor&h. Pacy, a town in the depart, of Eiire, feated on the, river Eure, lo. miles E. of Evreux. Padang, a fea-port on the W. coaft of Sumatr.i, with a Dutch fort andUettle- mait. Lat. i. o. S. Padhury, SE. of Buckingham. Paddington, a viUaj^e of Middlefex, which iies VV. by N. of London, or la- th^r contigLious to ir, and yet the parilh contains manv I'equelfered rural ipots. PadJing-wick, Midcll. near Hanimerfmith. PadJ'vihain, Lancal". SE. of Clithero. Paderborn, a confiderable city of Weltphaiia, capital of a bilhopric of the fame name. The rivulet Pader rifes here under the high altar of the cathedral. It has a celebrated univerfity, and is 37 miles SW. of Mindcn, and 43 ESE. of Man- lier. Lat. 51. 46, N. Ion. 8. 55. E. Paderborn, The Bishopric of, is a (mall di(tri6l of Germany, in VVeft- phalia, about 44 miles in it's greateft length, and 36 in it's greateft breadth. In the middle of it are high mountains, containing iron-mines; but the reft of the country is fertile in corn and paftures. It is moft remarkable for it's bacon, or hams, and vcnifon. The bilhop is a prince of the empire, Padjield, Derbyf. In the High Peak. Paddlefnjuorth, Kent, 3 miles SE. of El- ham, Paddlef-Morth, Kent, 3 miles N. of Weft Mailing. Padley, Derby!', in the High Peak, near Scarldale. Padmore- Chace, Staffordf. E. of Bloreheath. Pa- dongre, Warwickf. near Stud ley. Padron, El, a town of Spanifti Gali- cia, on the Ulla. Padfide, Ycrklh. S. of Patley-Biidge. Padjion, or Paxton, Northumh. on the Tweed, W. o\ Berwick. PadJloiK), De- vonf. between Ha'herley and the Merlands. Padstow, a town in Cornwall, feated on the N. coaft oi the country, is a place of fonie trade to Ireland, Briftol, and London. The harbour is capable of con- taining many large Ihrps, but is of dan- gerous accefs, without a (kilful pilot, be- ing rocky on the E. fide, and barred with fea-l'and on the W. The chief bufinefs here, and along this coaft, next to the trade in (late-tiles, is fiftiuig for herrings in 0(5tober. It is a6 miles SSW. of Laun- refton, and 243 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday, PAD Padua, an ancient, large, and cele- brated city of Italy, with an univcrlity. It is capital of the Paduano, but is much lefs confiderable than it was. formt-rly; for great part of the circuit within the walls is unbuilt, and the rown in general io thinly inhabited, that grals is leen it» many places, in ihe interftices of theliones with which the ftitets are pavctL Tiie houfes are built on piazzas, which, when the town was well inhabited j and lU a flourifliing ftate, may have had a magnifi- cent appearance ; but they now rather give it a gloomy air. The ftreets, alfo, in geneiai, are narrow, dark, duty, and ili-paved. The Francifcan church is de- dicated to St. Anthony, accounted the great patron of the city. " The body of this holy perfon," fays Dr. Moore, " is inciofed in a farcophagus, under an altar in the middle of the ch pel, and is laid to emit a very agreeable and retreftiing fla- vour. Pious Catholics believe this to be the natural efHuvia of the faint's body; while heretics alfert, that the perfume (for a perfume there certainly is) proceeds from certain ball'ams rubbed on the marble eve- ry morning, before the votaiies come to pay their devotions. I never prel'ume to give an opmion on contefted points or this kir.d ; but I may be allowed to lay, that if this fweet odour really proceeds from the holy Francifcan, he emits a very dif- ferent fmell from any of the brethren of that order whom I ever had an opportu- nity of approaching." The walls of this church are covered with votive offerings of ears, eyes, arms, legs, noles, and every part alinoft of the human body, in token of cures performed by this faint ; for what- ever part has been t!ie feat of the difeafc, a reprefcntation of it is hung up in filvcr or gold, according to the gratitude or wealth of the patient. Near this building is a place, called thi. School of St. Antho- ny, where many of his a6\ions are painted infrefco; ibme of them by Titian. The church of St. Juftina, built from a defign of Palladio's (reckoned by fome one of the moft elegant he ever gave) is remark- able, among many other things, for it's rich Mofaic pavement. The hall of the town-houfe is one of the largeft in Europe, and contains the cenotaph of Livy, the hiftorian, who was a native of Padua. The univerfity, formerly fo celebrated, is now, like every thing elfe in this city, on the decline. Here is a cloth inanufa6lory ; and it is laid, that the inhabitants ot Ve- nice (the nobles not excepted) wear no other cloth than what is made here. The city, however, I'wariTis with beggars, who do not alk charity in the name of God, but p A r hut in flic mme of St. Antlionio. Pailua IS fcareil on the rivers iiririiiannLi liachig- lione, in a fine plain 5 and is .liioiit 7 miles in circnnikience, iz miles \V. of Venice. Lit. 4(;. ?,s. N. Inn. 12. I. E. Paiiuano, a ci ik'vant province of Italy, 111 tile tenituiy ot Venice. It's foil U well watered, one of the moft fertile ill Itaiv» and is about 35 miles in length, and sS in hreadtli. P.idua is the capital. PaJworlh, JJerks, near Alderniarlton. Padyn^en, Siirry> in Abinger parish, Paekhnhoffen, a town m the dept. of Lower Khine, feated near the liver Moiter, 8 miles \V. of Haguenau. Fa9!i/j, IHe of Wight, in E. Medina. Pagejlreet, Middl. E. ot Edgwortli, Pag- harn, Siillex, SW. of Arundel. Paglelham, EU'ex, E.of Stambridgc. Pagmore, Yorkf. a mile from Barnefley. Pago, an iiland of Dalmaria, in the Adriatic, 20 miles long and 6 wide. It was till of late fiilijc6> to the Venetians. The air is cold, aiul the Ibil barren; hut it is well peopled, and contains ialr-WDr'is. Pagrave, Magna.wi Parva, Norfolic, near S^vaffham. Pailington, Warwitkf. N. ot H uborough. Painbof.uf, a to'.vn in the depart, of Loner Lowe, lying at the mouth o( the river Loire, It is a very confiderahle fea- porr, whence all the Ihips belonging to N.intes take their departure, and where they anchor on tlieir arrival ; hut at the beginning of this ci;ntnry, was only a vil- lage. It is 20 miles W. of Nantes. PcnnpiU, Dorfetfb. Pains, Suffex, be- tween Ciickfield and Diichling. Paitts- Cajik, Radnordiire. Painsford, Devonfli. in Afhprington parifli. Pain's Hill, Sur- ly, near Cobham. Painjley, Statf. NW. oi Leigh. PAiNswiCK,a townof Gloucefterniire, lias a mannfafture of white cloths for the army, and for the India and Turkey tiade; and hence is brought a Itone, remarkable for it's beauty and neatnefs, for the pave- ment of floors. It is 7 miles SE. of Gloureftcr, and 101 W. by N. of London. Mirket on Tuelclay. Paisley, a hrge manufafturing town or Rcnfrcwltiire, in Scotland. It contains ieveral broad and regular ftreets, which have names del'criptive of the various em- ployments of the inhabitants ; inch as Silk-Street, Cotton-Street, Lawn-Street, Gauze-Street, Incle S:reet, &c. in which •Tie many good houfes. The principal nianufacbires are in filk and thread gauze, which are fo neat and beaut ilul, that they Invc been difplayed at court in the birth- tlay dreflcs. The extcniive cottoii-woiks P A I employ not only numbers of women, but even of very young girls. Some of the principal manufaiturers here, who have become opulent, have built elegant houfes tor their relidence; and an id. 3 of rheir great fuccels may be formed :rom this cir- cumllancc, that they have be.-n known to pay to the people they employ 500I. a Week. " A fertile countiy," oblervcs a late writer, '* cheap labour, a fobt.r anJ ftcady people, abundance ol coal, and wa- tcr-cainage, were circumftanf.cs Uia. fiitt invited Engiifh manufacfurcrs to letile in this country ; and the jultiiels of their views has been fully evinced by the'moft prolperous fuccels." At urefeiit the fuk branch, which tor fonic years pait out-did that of Spitaihelds, is on th? decline, but the mullni has come in it's room, and the thread manufailure has confidcrabiy in- cicafed. Here are alfo confiderr.bie tan- works, fome i'oap and candle-works, a ma- nntaifuie ot ribbons, and anc tncr o! jjikle or tape. According to a c.ilcuiation made in 1784., the manuractmes of Pailley, in liik-gauze, lawn, iintn-gauze, and white Icwiag thread, amounted to the value- of 579,1851. i6s. 6d. and 26,484 perfons were employed in carrying them on. Tlie magnificent abbey tor which Pailky was once noted, is now partly in ruins 5 but tiicre is a chapel entire, which is tamous for a furprifing echo. The fiap of a doot produces the tliect of thunder j and a me- lodious tune delights the car with the idea oi celeltial harmony. Pailley is fuppoled to contain about one-thiid of the numljer of the inhabitants of Glafgow } but it Hands on neatly as much ground, it is 6 miles W. of that city. Paii A, St. Michael de, a town of Quito, in S. America, containing about 200 families. The bay or harbour is a fecure anchoring place, the befl on the coaft , and is frequented by all velTcls com- ing from the north, which are bound to Callao, the port of Lima. Palfengers alfo, from Acapulco or Panama, dilembark here, and travel by land to Lima, ihrre being a tolerably good road parallel to the cor.lt, with many towns ;'nd villages for the accommodation of travellers. Here is a I'mall fort, iurroundcd with a brick wall, ana mounted with 8 pieces of cannon, but neither ditch nor out-work. Paita has been often taken by the Englifli, and par- ticuiuriy by CoinmcKtore Anion, in 1741, wlio plundered and burnt the town,becaufe tiie governor leiufed to ranlom it. Lat. 6. 12. S. Jon. 81. 19. W. Paix, a town in the NW, coaft of St, Domingo, ha* a pittty good Jiarbour. PAtAClOS, PAL Palacios, a town of' Andalufia. Pakejield, Suffolk, near the lea, S. of Leoltotf. PakfnhuTn, Suffolk, 3 milts fioinBuiy. Pakenhiil Gloucefterlhiie, in the (j:u ifh of Si roiid . Pakiftgton, Worctl- terrtiire, near Bioinigrove. Palais, h town of Fiance, capital of Billeifle. Lat. 47. 18. N. Ion. 3. 2. W. Palais, St. a town and dilLiit in the dept. of the Lower Pyrenees ; a mountain- ous country, which produces icarctly any tiling but millet, oats, and fruits, of which tiiey make cider. This town and diltriit, with thofe of St. Pied de Port, forms near- ly the whole of the late province of Lower Navarre, annexed to France by Hsnry IV. wiio held it in riglit of his mother, Jeanne tl'Aibret. The town of Si. Palais is feated on the river Bidoufe, 15 miles SSE. of Bayonne. Palamboang, or Palambang, a town and kingdom on the E. part ol Java. Palamcotta, or Tinevelly, a town and pioviiice in the Camaiic, 74. jniJes SSW. of Madura. Lat. 8. 4.3. N. Jon. 77. 54. E. Palamos, a Tea port of Catalonia. Palanka, a town of Bulgaria; a town of Bcdarabia ; and a caftle of Hungary, i% miles NE. of Gran, Palai'Oli, a town of Caramania. Palatinate of the RHiNt,an elec- torate of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, adjoininp; France. It's greateli: extent is about So miles, and tiie principal rivers are the Rhine and the Neckar. It is a very fertile country, though rather mountainous, abounding vsithhne vineyards, fields, forells, meadows, gardens, rivers, and lakes. Heiduibeig is the principal town, but Manheim is the eleiioral relidence. This eleiiforate is alio called the Lower Palaiinatc, to diltinguifli it from the Up])er Pjlaiinatif of Bavaria, Palatinate, Upper, of Bavaria, See Bavaria. Palatifie-'ToiVK, in Carlow, Leinfter, fo called from a colony of indulirious pco])ie, who were driven from tiieir native coun- try, by the perlecuting arms of Lewis XIV. of France, Palaude. See Paluba. Palazzuolo, a town in the Brefian, Italy; and a town in the Val di Noto, Si- <:ily. Palencia, a town of Spain, in Leon. Palermo, anciently Panormus, a rich and beautiful city of Sicily, in tlie Val-di-Mazara ; the ieat of the viceioy, ay Mi . Wood, in I7i}. iTIiis pliiCf, called lijicwili; TjuI- niui in the Dtiert, appears to have lieeu hiiilt originally hy Suloniun.but tlienrclii- ttiHuie ol it'sadiiwrcd triiiain8,isGitcian, in tile opinion of I he bcU judges, and thunght lo he cIew-Fore(f. Paluda, a town of Erzerum, feated rear the Euphrates, and inhabited by Ma- hometans and Chriftians. The prince is in Ibme relpefts independent of the Grand Signior. Patnher, Hampfliire, N, of Ballngftoke. Patitcl Bridqs, SUifllx, near Wine hel lea. Pamiers, a town in tiie department of Arriege, feated on the river Arriege, S iiulesNNW.of Foix. Famitigton, Gloucef, near Tewkcfbury. Pampei-LONiNE, a town in the depart- ment of Tarn, 12 miles N. of Alby. PAiMPKLUNA, a town of Spain, capital of Uppn Navarre. It's Iquaris are hand- fonit, jiiid itdoincd with /}io|is full of rifh PAN merclunrfe.. It, is feated on 1 the river Alga, 42 miles S. of Bayonne, and 173 NNE. of Madrid. Lai, 4.2. 4.7. N.f Ion. Pampeluna,' a town of S, America, in New Granada, famous for it's^ mines of gold, and numerous flocks of (hec p. Tt is aoo mile^ S. ot Maricaibo, and 300 NE. ot Popayan. Lat. 6. 30. N. Ion. 70^ 30. W. PatnphiL Dorfetfl'^e, near Winborn. Prtw/)jjr/«w^, Cambridgef.near Wittlesford. Pampocaita, Yorkftiire, SW. of Weiheilpy, Pail, Ifleof Wiglit, in E. Medina. Pan, .or Paiian, a fca-port on the E, coaft of Malacca^ capital of a kingdom of the lame name. It is remarkable for the great number of elephants, and for the plenty of pepper it produces, Lat. 3, 15. N. V Panama, a city of S. America, capital of a jurifdidion of the fame name, with ffraight and broad Itreets, and elegant public buildings. The merchandili; of Chili and Peru is brought to this place, particularly the gold and filver,:and all the commodities brought up the river Chagre, The fliips unload at a fmall idand, 3 miles from this place, becaufe the water is fo (hallow as not to admit them to come nearer. Old Panama was burnt by Cap- tain Morgan, a buccaneer, in 1670, and the piefcnt town is 4 miles diliant from it, in a more advantageous fituation. The province contains 3 cities, 12 villages, and a great number of rancherias, or affem^ blages of Indian huts. Here are alio fe- veral gold mines, but they are negleffed fertile fake of the pearl filhery on the coaif. It (lands on a bay of the f.ime n^me. Lat. S. 48. N. Ion. 80, T5, W. Pan aria, oncof theLipari Iflands, ly- ing in the Tufcan Sea. It is barren and very inconfiderable, being only 5 miles in circumference. It is 8 miles NNE. of Li., pari, and 30 N. of Sicily j fubje^ to the king of Naples, Pa NAY, an ifland of the Philippines, of a triangular form, lying E. of Paragua, It is 180 miles in circumference, and is the molt populous and fertile of them aH, It is watered by a great number of rivers and biooks, and produces vaft quantities of rice. The number of Indians tributary to the Spaniards is about 17,009. Punl'orough, Somerfcifhire, W. of Wells, Pancias, a village of Middlcfex, a little to the NW. of London. The burying ground here, Is rtmarkrble for being the principal place of interment tor theRomaq- ifts. At a public houfc, near it there is a medicinal fpring, Htie is au f.ofpit^l for PAN for inoculation, to which now is added the fmallpox liofpital formerly at Clerkenwell. Here alfo is the Veterinary Colltgu erta- blifhed in 1 79 1, for the improvement of far- riery, and the treatment of cattle in gene- ral. The noble Habits, and anatomical theatre, are finifhed, but the prefent col- lege is only a temporary building. Pancras JVkk,l)tvoni. near Bradworthy. Panficld, Elfex.nearBocking and Braintree. PangO, a town and dillrift of Congo, in Africa, on the river Barbtla. Pangborn, Berkfliire, by the Thames, N W, of Reading, Pangden, SulTex, SW. of Ditchling. Panjab, a country of Hindooftan, be- ing that which is watered by the 5 eaftern branches of the Indus. It was the Icene of Alexander's laft campaign, and the ne flus ultra of his conquelts. It forms a iqnare of about 250 miles, and includes the whole foubah of Lahore, and a great part of Moultan Proper. To the lower part of Moultan it is flat and marlhy, and inundated, like Bengal, by the periodical rains which fall dm nig our fummer. Pannal, Yorkf. near Knarefborough. Pannanach Wells, a village of AVierdeen- rtiire, (ituatfcd a little below the waterfall, called the Lin of Dee, in the valley of Gienmuick. It is noted for it's mineral waters, which are of a diuretic quality. A lodge has been ercfted for the accomnio- dation of the company that frequent this place in fummer. Panniput, a town of Delhi, in Hin- dooftan. In a plain near this town, a battle was fought in 1761, between an ar- my of aoo,ooo Mahrattas, and Abdallah, king of Candahar, at the head of 1 50,000 Mahometans, when the former were totally defijated. They loft the flower of their army, with their beft generals, and the number of Mahratta pril'oners taken was almoft incredible. From that period their power has been fenfibly on the decline. Panniput is 50 miles NVV. of Delhi. Panfanger, z miles NW. of Hertford. Pa«/?o»,Northumberl3nd,S.of Learmouth. Pant, a river in EfTex, which falls into Blackwater-Bay, Pantalaria, an ifland in the Medi- terrdlhean, between Sicily and the coaft of Tunis,about 2 5 miles in circumference, and containing 30GO inhabitants. It abounds in cotton, fruits, wine, capers, olives, and figs J but the inhabitants import their corn from Sicily. It belongs to the king of Naples. Lat. 36. 55. N. Ion. 12. 31. E. Panteage, Monmouthihire, N.ot Ponti- pool. Patttley, Gloucelterihire, NE. of Neweni, Pantoa, Lioc»ini. near Ancaftcr. PAR Panitco, a town, province, and river of Mexicoj'tvith a bifhop's fee. Here are veins of gold, and falt-works, which are tfce principal riches of the inhabitants. It is feated near the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 23.0. N. Ion. 98. 9. W. Panxford-, Norfolk, between Norwich and South Waifham. Pa-oom, of the New Hebrides, S. of Mallicollo. Papa, a town of Hungary, 45 miles W. of Buda, Papacafile, Cumberland, a hamlet of Bridekirk. .It is plcafantly fituated on an eminence, within a mile of Cockermouth ; and the Derwent meanders beautifully through the intervening vale. Paphos, a decayed city of Cyprus. Papoul, St. a town in the department of Aude, feated on the river Lembe, 8 miles NE. of Caftelnaudry. Pappenheim, a town and county of Aichftatt, Franconia, Papplenvick, Nottlngh. near Newfted. Here axefeveral large cotton-mills. Pap- 'vjorth, Agnes and Ei-ered, 1 1 miles W, of Cambridge. Papi.uorth, Nether, Hunting- donfhire, between Great Paxton and Hilton. Para, or Belkm, a town, river, and jurifdii'ition in Brafil, on the N. fule of the river Orcllana. This government com- prehends that part of Guiana which be- longs to the Portugu^e, and extends 600 miles from E. to W. and 200 from N. to S. Lat. I. 30. S. Paracomb, Devonf. near Comb- Martin. Par AG u A, the moft wefterly of the Philippine Klands, 180 miles in length, and 40 breadth. The Spaniards have a fort here, but the king is laid to be tri- butary to Borneo. Pa R AGU A Y, a large country of S. Ame- rica, in the government of Buenos Ayres. It contains 6 provinces ; namely, Para- guay Proper, Parana, Guaria, Uraguay, Tucuman, and La Plata, from which the whole country is alfo called La Plata, and has numerous lakes and rivers. Of the latter, the 3 principal are the Paraguay, Uraguay, and Parana, the united Itre^msof which form the celebrated Rio-de-la-Plata. Theferivers annu.nlly overflow their banks ; and, on their recels, leave them enriched by a flime, that renders the loil extremely fertile. This va(t country is far fronV be- ing wholly fubdued, or phtnted by the Spaniards; many parts being ftill un- known to them, as well as to every other European nation. The principal province of which we have any knowledge is that which is called La Plata, toward the mouih of the ii»er of that name. This K k prcTJncc PAR provlncf, Willi all the adjacent parn, is «nc contimitJ plain for icvcijl liunclixd miles J cxtrennely fcifile, and pioducing cotton in great abundu:ice, tobacco, and the valuable herb called Parngiiay, which is pccuiiai- to this country, and the infu- fion ot which is di link in all ilie Spanifli provinces of S. y\nieric;i, inllead of tta. 'Phey have alio a variety of truits, and very rich pallurcs ; but the country has but few woods or forefts. The air is re- ri;irkal)iy I'weet and lerene. The Spani- ards dikov^ered this country, by failing up the Kio-de-la Plata in 151S, and foun^l- ed (he town of Buenos Ayres, on tlie S. lide of the river. In 1580 the Jefuits were admitted into theie fertile regions, v'lii; e tiiey afterward founded, at the coni.nenccincnt of the lyih ctritury, and v\i;Ji :.ie i ermiflion of Philip III. the fa- mous niiflions of Paraguay j vvtuch were a nuiTiber of coionies, each governed by two Jefuits, one oi wliom was redor, and the other his curate. They undertook jiot only to make piolelytts to the church, but to open a new fource of wealth to the mother country. To this end they repre- fented, that they ought to be independent of the Spanifli governors ; and that as the vices oi the Eu.-opeans might contaminate their new converts, and deftroy the great objei5ts of the inifTions, no other Spaniards fliould be permitted to enter the country. Xo thefe terms the court agreed ; they contenting to a certain capitation tax on the natives, and to Ibnie other ftipulations in favour of tlie crown. In procefs of time, the Jefuits, by the motl wonderful addrtfsand perfcvering patience, and with- out Uie lealt degree of force, accjuired the 1)10(1 ablblute dominion, both ecclefialVical and civil, over the natives, whom tlity even inllrufled in military diicipline. In 1757, the king of Spain exch nged the coloiues en the E. fhore of the river Uru- guay for the Portuguefe colony of St. Sa- crament, which cauied that river to be- come the boundary of the refpe(5five pof- feffions of the two crowns. This produc- ed an infurreftion of the Indians, who were defeated by the Spanifh governor, with the lofs of aooo of them killed. In 1767, the court expelled the Jefuits from S. Amtrica, and the natives, in courfe, were put upon the fame footing with the other Indians of the Spanilh part of that vaft continent. Paraiba, a town and jurifdictlon of Brafil, on the S. bank of a river of the lame name, 9 miles from the fea, and 60 miles N. of Fernambuco. The foil is pretty fertile, and produces iugai-canes, PAR and great number of trees of Brafil wood. Parana, a province of Paraguay, Co named from a bige river, which uniting with the Paragu,iy, and afterward with theUraguay, forms the Rio-de-la-Plata. ParloLi, Lancafhire, NW. cf Wigan. Parcajfick, Monmouthf. N. of Chcpl^ow. Parchim, a town of Mccklenbuij;h. Pardo, a royal palace near Matlrid. PardPianu, or Pardfeyt Cumberland, a hamlet of Dean, near the Like of Lowf- water, 4. miles from Cockennouth. Parenzo, a fea- port of the late Vene- tian Ilfria. Parga, a fea-port of th; late Venetian Albania, oppolife ;he Ifland of Ccrfu, and 26 miics W. of Arta. It is inhabited by Greeks and Albanefe, and is Itated on a rock. Parham, SufTolk, on the river Ore, near Fraiiilingham. Parham, Suflex, near Am- berley. Paria, or New Andalusia, a coun- try of Terra Firma, E. of Cumana, and N£. of the river Oronoko. Between the continent and the ifland of Trinidad, is'a large bay, called the Gi.lph of P;'.ria. Paria, a diftricl of La Plata, in S. America. Pari L LA, or Santa Pa rill a, a town of Peru, in the audience of Lima, 50 miles S. of Truxillo. Paris, the capital of France, one of the largeff, fin^ft, and moft populous cities of Europe. The 1 ivcr Seine, which croflca it, forms 3 final! illands, called the KlanJ of Lcuvieis, the Notre Dame, and the Pa- lace, which, laft is the ancient city of Paris. Tlie ifland of the Palace takes it's name from a building which was forn:erly the refidence of the kings, and afterwards was reiig-ned to the parliament. Ciovis I. arfter the defeat of Alaric, made Pails the capi- tal of his kingdom. It's circuit was much extended by Philip Auguflus. It was greatly embelliflKd by Francis I. and his lucctffors. The inliabitanss are com- puted to be 800,000. It is 2 lerigues iu diameter, and 6 in circumference, includ- ing the fuburbs. It is fuppoftd to con- tain S75 ftreets, and 24,000 houllf, among which aie many of five, fix, and even fevtn fVorits. The rivers Yoniie, Marr.c.. and Oife, by their junfl ion with the Seii^e, con- vey to P;iristhe commodities ot Burgundy, Champagne, and Picardv ; and this laft river furiiifbes it with the riches of Nor- mandy, and the fea, which is at the dif- tance of +2 leagues. By means of the Loire, the Allier, and the canals of Or- leans a«U Briars, and, by the Vitnne, it P A R has communications with the other paits of the country. There are 9 principal bridges in Paris, 2. of which occupy the wliole breadth of the Seine ; namely, the Pont Neuf and the ci-devant Pont Royal j to which may be added the unfmillied ci- devant Pont de Lewis XVJ. begun in 1787. But it is here to be obferyed, that all the names of byildings, fquares, fcreets, &c. in honour of their kings, and in com- pliment to royalty, have been totally changed, fince the abolition of monarchy, toward the dole ot 1792. Tiie Pont Neuf, the finelc and molt frequented of all the bridges, is x 020 feet long, by 7 z broad, and has 12 arches j 7 of which are on the fide, or the Louvre, and 5 on the fide of the ftreet Diuphine. In the Jecond Hrch of t{iis biidge, on the, fide of the Louvre, is the Chateau dc la Samaritaine (the Wo. man of Samaria) a fmall timber building of 3 (tories,conUru6led, Ir? 171a, on piles, and lately repaired.. In' the infide is a pump, which raifes t"he water of the river, to diltribute it by pipes to the Luuvre, th« Tuilerics, &c. In the front, are , two figures larger than- the life, to repreferit Jcl'us at ffae vvellWith the Woman of Sa- maria, A large ./hell, placed betvyeen thefe two figures,, receives the water from the pump; and from this (heirit falls-, in a fheet, into a ta'fin called Jacob's Well. Above is a fundial ^and the whole Is crown- ed by a leaden turret; which contains' a fe.t of chimes. The other bridges are Pont St. Michel, Pont-au- Change, le-Petit^Pont, Pont-Notre-Dame, Pontde la-Tournelle, Pont-Marie, and the Pont-Rouge. This laft, which is a timber bi idge, painted red,, is the pulnt.'of copimunication f^tvveen the Ifle-du-PaIais,anJ Ifle St. Lewis. The public fountains are very numerous, and on Ibme of them there is dil'played very- elegant fculpture. The public places, fquares, &c. are allonnmeroiis and elegant. The flneft are the Place-Dauphin, of a triangular form, built, and lb named, by. Henry IV. in memory of the birth of Lewis XIII.; the Place Royale, in which was the equeftrian ftatue, of Lewis XIII. in bronze ; the Place- Vtndome, a fquare, with the angles truncated, in which was the equeftrian ftatue, in bronze, of Lewis XIV. In a Roman habit; the Place- des^ Viitoiies, of a circular form, in which was a ftatue of the fame king, crowned by the heathen goddefs Victory, with this arro- gant infcription, Viro Immortali; and the rlace-de-Lewis XV. of an oftagon form, in which was an equeftrian ftatue, in bronze, of that monarch. This iquare, vfhich is cow called thePiace-deIa-JR,evo- PAR lutlon, was the fatal fcene of the execution of the unfortunate Lewis XVI. and after- ward of his unhappy confort, Marie An- toinette, the former on the 21ft of Janu- ary, and the latter on the i6th of October, I795' There are ^triumphal- arches, ereiled to Lewis XlV. and known by the names of Porte St. Bernard, Port St. De- nis, and Porte St. Martin. The moft in- terefting of the manufaflures of Paris is that of the Gobelin? (fo called from a fa- mily of celebrated dyers, fettled in this city in 1540) in which tapeftries are made after the pictures of the greateft matters, to fuch perfeftion, that one, reprefenting Le\vis XV. a yvhole. length, framed, and placed among the mafterpieces of painting, was taken, for many days, by multitudes, of vifiters, for a finiftied piece. The ma- nufadure of plate-glafs llkewife tnerits at- tention. The cathedral of Notre-Dame, a Gothic ftruiTture, is one of the largeft in Europe, and contains 45 chapels. Next to the ca-thedral, tlie mott diftinguilhed churches were St. Sulplce, St.Euftache, St. Gcrvais, St. Etienne d^-Mont, the old one of St. Genevieve, the new one of St. Genevieve (now called the Pantheon) thofe of St. SeveriU, St. Roch, and Val-de-Grace. The fineft college in Paris was that of the Foiu- Nations, called alio Mazarin, from the name of the cardinal, it's founder. There were lately 6 academies in Paris ; namely, the French Academy, founded by the cardinal Rlciielicii ; that of Infcrip- tions and Belles Lettres, by Lewis XIV.; that ot the Sciences ; and thole of Paint- ing and Sculpture; Architeflnre; and Chirurgery. Among the pxiblic libra- ries, that lately calkd the king's, holds the firft rank, in relped both to the ex- tent of the buildings, and the number of the volumes. The other libraries are thole of St. Genevieve, the College of Mazarin, St. Viftor, of the Doftrinaires, of the Advocates, and of the faculty of Medicine. That of St. Germain-des- Pres, one of the richcft in France, con- taining between 1 5 and 20,000 manu- fcripts, and near 100,000 volumes, is open every day to men of letters. The Royal (now National) Obfervatory is built of freeftone, and neitlier iron nor wood form- ed a part of the ereftion. The Botanical Garden is extenlive. The 4 principal pal ices are the Louvre, the Tuileries, the Palais-Royal, now le Palais d'Egalite, and the Luxemburg. The Louvre is diftin- guifhed into the Old and New. The Old Louvre was begun by Francis I. in 1518; and the grand gallery, 1362 feet long and 30 broad, which joins it to the Tuileries, K k z waft PA R wajbegununJf^CiiarlesIX.andfiniiliedby Lewis XIV. who liktwife biiilf, ia 1665, tlic New Louvre. But it is iVill an unfi- Jiifheil rtriiflmt. In Come of the apart- nienrs, H.e ancient acr^demies, viz. tlu; French Acailtniy, Tor the improv^tnicnt of t^e'Fren'ch langtMj.-;e; the Royal Acailemy of Irricriptions atrl Bi'Hes Lettres ; the Royal Ac.idcniy vf Sciences j and the Royal Aiatleniy of Paintings and Sculp- nne ; have lield tlicir fittings j and in others are the woik-(hops and lodging- rooms ot ar'ifts. The Tuileries, begun in 1564., by Catherine of Medicis, conti- nued bv Henry IV, and completed by L-wi$ XIV. takes jt'siratrie from it's fitti- atiun ill a place in which were formeily iDany tile- kilns (luilenes) which for three 01^ fuiir centuries, furniftied the greatcll part of the tiles u led in Paris. The rid- ing-houfe, belonging to it, is the place «*lK)fen by the national aflembly for their fittings, when they removed from Verfaiiles ill 1789. The garden of the Tuilfrics, in front of the palace, and on the banks ot the Seine, is 'iinqueftionably the fineft public walk in Paris. From this palace, when attacked by the enraged populace on the loth of AtigtiH- 179^, the unhappy Lewis XVI. went for an alylum to the hall of the national alTemhly, thence to a prifon, and thence to the Icaffold. Th^ Palais Royal, in the interior, has been re- cently embelllflicd with many beautiful buildings, v/ith fliops, coffee houfes, and a garden, which render it like a perpetual tair, and one of the moff pleafing walks \\\ the ci;y. The gardens of the palace ot* Linc^mburg, alfo form a fine promenade. The Hotcl-des-Invaiides, for the woundcil and fuperannuated foldiery, is a magnifi- cent thufture, built by Lewis XIV, ; as is the Military Scluiol, in the Champ-de- Mirs, which was founded by Lewis XV. Here are nlio grand theatres. The Monl noie, or Mint, is an elegant building, iitu- ated on thnt fnie of the Seine, which is op- pofjte the Louvre. The Hoteide-Ville, or Guildhall of the city, is an ancient ftrufture, in the Place-de-Greve, which was heretofore tht common phvce of execu- tion. Before the revolution, Paris was the fee of an archbifliop, and contained 51 parilh cliurches, ii parochial; 17 collegi- ate churches; among which were 13 chap- ters, +0 chapels, 3 abbeys, 2i priories, and 50 convents for men, ecclefuitica! and fe- cular ; 7 abbeys, 6 prioiies, ai>d 53 con- rents for wonien ; It femtnaries, and 16 hofpitals, 6 of which were appropriated to delerted children. Paris forms with a foiajl diftdft round it, one of the depart- PAR ments of France, and is 14.5 miles SE. of London, 625 NW. of Viirnna, and 630 NE. of Madrid. Lit. 4?. 50. N. Ion. z. 15. E. Park, Dorfctflilre, in the parlfli of Broad- Windfor. Park, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Park, StaffordOiire, near Ofwcf- try. Park, V/eftmdrland, S. of Ciofby Ravenfworth. Parkbury, Hertfordftiire, near Colney-Street. Park-End, Crloucef- terfhire, in Haresfield parifti. Park-Farm' Place, Kent, in Fltham parifh. Park' Gate, Middlefcx, W. of Mufwel! Hill. Parkgate, a feaport of Chefhire, at the mouth of the Dee, 10 miles from Chef- tcr, and 194. from London. Park, Great, Leicef. between Afhby. de-la-Zouch and Stanton- Harold, Park- Hall or Priory, ElTex, near St. O.yth. Park. Hall, Edlx, SE. of Epping. Park- Hall, Northumberl. near Caltk Brom'.vich. Park-Hall, Shropf. N, of Ofwcllry. Park- Hall, Siaff. SE. ofBucknell. Parkham, Devonf. W. of Monkleigh. ParkteaJ, Northumb. near Harbottle Caflle. Park- bill, Stafford f. NW. of Utt6xeter. Pari- houfe, Yorkf. near Gilborough. Park- houfe, Hants, E. of Lemington. Park- lathes, Noftinghaml". iri Kdham lordfliip. Park, Neiv, Lanc."l*. near Ormfkirk. Pari of the Hay, Yorkf. between Borcughbridgc and Knarefborough. Parkpill, Monm. near Catrleon. Parljion, Dorletf. z miles from Pool. Pdrkjlreel, Herts, S, of St. Albans. Parlieu, Hamp/liire, NW. of Chriltchurch. Parlington, '^oikihiie, be- tween Leeds and Tadcaiter. P.\irMA, an anciertt; rich, populous, and handfome town of Italy, capital of the duhcy ofth.e fame name, with a citadel and' a univerfify. It has a magnincent ca- thedral, and the largeft and moil beautiful opera- houfe in Italy, which will contain I a, 000 fpeftators. The dome, and the church of St. John, are painted by the fa- mous Corregio, who was a native of this place. Don Carlos, king of the Two Si- cilies, carried away a library from this place to Naples, which contained 18,000 volumes, and a very valuable cabinet of curiofities, as alfo the rich coHeftion of medals. In 1741, by the treaty of Aix- la-Chapelle, the duchies of Parma, Placen- tia, and Guaftalla, were given to Don Philip, brother to Carlos above mentioned. The number of inhabitants is eftimaied at 40,000. The principal trade of the place conlilts in llockings, and fome other arti- cles in filk. It is feated on ths river Parma, 64 miles SSE. of Milan. Lat. 44. 50. N. Ion. 10. 30. E. Parma, the duchy cf, a province of Italy, PAR Italy, bounded on the N. by the Po, on the NE. by the Mantiian, on the E. by the duchy of Modena, on the S. by Tul- cany and Genoa, and on the W. by Genoa and the tenitoiy of Pavia. Under this n )me are commonly included the duchy of Parma Proper, the duchy of Placenza, and the duchy of Guaftalla. The air is very wliolcibme, and the inhabitants often live to a great age. The foil is fertile in com, wine, oil, and hemp; the paftures feed a great number of cattle, and the cheele is In higli eileem- Here are fome conliderable mines ot copper and filver, and plenty of ^ truffles. In 1345, the pope granted this duchy to his natural fon, Peter Aloyfius, or Farnefe, the founder of the family of Farnefe. Elizabeth Farnefe, the only heirefs of the lalt duke, becoming queen of Spain, obtained Parma and Placenza for her fons, and fo it was fettled at the peace of Aix-ia-Chapelle. Parmjhd, Kent, near Kingfton. Parnassus, now called Parnasso, a celebrated mountain of Livadia, in Greece. It has two heads, one of which was for- merly famous for being confecrated to Apollo and the Mutes, and the other to B*cchus. It is the higheft in Greece, and from the top is a profpeft as far as Carinth. Here alio is a fine fountain, fiippoftd to be the ancient Caftalia, It is S miles N. of Livadia. ParnJon, Great and Little, ElTex, be- twreen Nettlefwcll and Roydon. Parnham, Dorfetfliire, 5 miles N. of Bridport. Paros, an illand of the Archipelago, one of the Cyclades, about 36 miles in cir- cumference, and contair.irg about 1500 families. The foil is well cultivated, and the patlures fted a great number of flocks. Their trade confifti in wheat, barley, wine, pulli;, and calicoes j and in fine white marble alio, which has long been in efti- mation for fculpture. Before the war of C^ndv, it produced a great deal of oil, but the Venetian army burnt all the olive- trees. They liave a great number of par- tridges and pigeons, which they fell very cheap. Thole excellent llatuaries, Phi- " dias anil Praxiteles, were natives of this . iflind, which was anciently dedicated to Bncchusionaccountof it's excellent wines. The famous Arundt-lian marbles at Ox- ford, were brought from this ifland. It lies V/. of Naxia,and P.uos is thecapital. Paros, a town of tire Archipelago, ca- pital of tiie Hie of Paros, which was an- ciently the largeft town >'f the Cyclades; but it is at picfent much reduced, Tiie vifalh of the cailie are built of ancient pieces af marble, aad mcift of the columns PAR are placed long-wife. Some of them tha' fland upright, fupport cornices of amaz- ing (ize. The natives build their iioule» with marble, which they find ready cut to their hands, but they do not much trou- ble their heads about placing the pieces in a regular manner. Theii' fields likewife are indofcd with fiiezes, altars, and baffo- rclievosj however, the Englifh; French, and Venetians have carried away the finell pieces they could meet with. The inha- bitants are lo ignorant now, that, inftead of great fculptors, and fkllful architeds, they have nothing but carvers of mortars and lalt-ctilars. It is featedon thefouth- ern coalt of the^ifland. Lat. 37. 8. N. Ion, 25. 44. E. Parr, Lancafliire, 3 miles from Prefect. Parramatta, a town or fettlement of Englifh convias, in New S. Wales. It is feated at the heid of the harbour of Portjackfon, 11 miles W. of Sydney- Cove, between Rofe Hill and the landing- place in the creek which forms the head. In November 1791, near 1000 acres of land were either in cultivation, or cleared for that purpoiV. The Ibil, in moft places* was found to be remarkably good, and to want cultivation only to he fit for any ufe, for the ground that lias been the longeit in cultivation bears the heft crops. Lat. 33. 50. S. Ion. 151. 39. E. Parrft, a river of Somerfetfhiret which rifcs in the fouth part of the county, receives the Ordred, Ivcl, and Thone, and enters the Briltol Channel at Bridgewater- Bay. The tide rufhes up this river with prodigious velocity and roaring. Parret, Norths Somerf. near Crewkerit and the fource of the Parret. Parret, South, Dorletf. near Beminiter. Parrocks, Kent, in Gravefend parilh. Parrys, Ef- fex, near North Weald. Parfonby, Cumb. in the parifli of PKimbland, near Alpatria. Parfott Drcnje, Camb. near Wilbeach. Parfons-Green, Middlefex, in Fulham paitfli. Parfons-Stnet, Middlefex, near Hcndon. Parteen, in Clare, Munfter, pleafantlyw feated on the Shannon. PaRtehkirch, a town of Freyfin^, Bavaria, Parthenay, a town in the dept. of Two Sevres, trading in corn and cattle. Jt is feated on the liver Tiioue, 17 miles SSW. of Thouars. Partington, Che/hire, N W. of Altring- liam. Partttcy, Lincnlni. N. ot Spillby. ParTON, a ftiiall fisaport of Cumber- land, 3 miles N. of Whitehaven. /'^jr/o«,Cun(berland, a liamlttinThurf- by parilii. PartriJge-GreeH, Sullcx, in K k 3 the PAS ilie paiira of Eaft Grinftead. Parw^fk, Derby (liiie, in A(hl)oin parifh. Parvs, a tnoiinlain in tlic Ide of ^n- glcl'ey, famous for a co|iper iniiu-, pioha- {)Iy the lareell bed of oie of ihit inctal iicherto dilcovtietl in the world. It is rot wroiiglit in the comuion nunner of fubtcriancous mines, hut, like a (tone quarry, open to day } and the quantities of ore railed are prodigious. The ore is poor in quality, and very abundant iij ful- p!iur. Tile purcll part is exported raw to the fnneiting works at Swanlca and other places : tlie uiore impure is firtl calcined and deprived of molt of it's fulphur on the fpot. Quantities of nearly pure cop- per are obtained from the waters lodged beneath the bed of ore, by the interven- tion of iron. A lead ore, rich in filver, is alfo found in this mountain. The wealth and population of Anglefey have received a great increafe from the difco- very of this copper mine. Pas, a town in the dept. of tiie Straits of Calais, 12 miles SW. of Arras. Pas de Calais, or Straits of Ca- lais, one of the departments of France, Containing tiie late diftridls of Pays Re- conquis, the Boulonnois, and part of Ar- tois. Pa/Iiey, SufTex, near Tifehurft. Passages, Los, a Tea-part of Spain, in the territory of GuipiWcua. The har- bour is very fpAcious within, tliough nar- row at the rntrance, and remarkably fe- cure from all winds. Jt is 3 miles E. of St. Sebaflian. Pajfage, Cornwall, by Hclford- Haven. PaJJ'age, Gloucefterihire, by Tewkclbuiy. Passage, in Cork, Munfter, oppofite Great Ifland, on which the towi^ of Cove is fituatd. Large vclfels are lightened here before they can go up to the city of Cork, the channel higher up admitting only thofe of 1 50 tons, when ladtn, though Jt ftretches from fhore to (hore, abo\<; a ipile. Passage, in Waterford, Munfter, fitu- ated on the N. fide of a itcep hill. Here is an excellent road, where 50P fail of fliips may ride lately, and which is the fta- tion of the packet-boats fro|n Waterford %o Milford-Haven. Passaro, a 'jwn of Noto, Sicily. Passaro, Cape, anciently called Pa- CHiNUS, the SE. point of the Illand of Sicily. It is not a pcninlVla, as repre- fentc4 in the maps, but a wretchtd barren jQand, about a mile round j with a fort, to protect the neighbouring country from the ^ne^l^lQns of the Barbary corfairs, Vchu ^e often very troubiefqms on this PAT part of the coaft. This ifland and fort are feparated from the reft of Sicily by a (trait about half a .nule broad. Lat, 36. 35. N. Ipn, 15. ^^. E. . Passaro, a cape of Janna, in Greece, bc-ween the Gulfs of Armiro and Zctun. Passaruan, a town and kingdom of Java, on the NE. coaft,. 30 miles W. of Panarucan, Passau, an ancietit, handfomc, and ctlcbrated'town in the circle of Bavaria. The houfes are v/ell built, and the ca- thedral is thought to be the fincft in Germany. It is divided into four parts, namely, the town of Pafllui, Irftadt, Iltz- fiadt, and the quarter wherein the bifticji's palace is ieaicd. It is fented on the Da- nube, at the conflutncf of the rivers Inn and lltz, 62 miles E. by $• of Ratilbon, and 135 W. (-f Vienna. Lat. 4.8. 2S. N, Ion. 13. 37. E. Passau, The Bishopric of, a ter- ritory of Germany, in the circle of Bava- ria, and King between Lower Bavaria, Auftria, and B )hcmia. It's largelt ex- tent is no where above 20 miles ; and it has no confiderable place except Palfau, the capital. Pa[felov:s, Eftex, in Dagenham parilb. Pajfelonvs, Effcx, near High Ongar. Paf- fe?ners, EiTtx, nea' Parndon. PaJ)enkam, or Pajham, Northamptonftiire, on the Oufc, oppofite to Stony-Srrat'ord. Pafs if you can, in Dublin, Leinfter, N. of Finglals. Pafs if you can, and Pafs of Kildnm, in W. Mtath, Leiniler. Passigkano, a town of Pcrugiano, on the N. coalt of the lake. Pasto, or "St. Juan de Pasto, a town of Pt'payan, Terra Firma, featrd in a fin^, fertile valley, watered by feveral ri, vers. It is So miles NNE. of Quito, Lat. I. 50. N. Ion. 76. 55. W. 'Paflon, Noif. NE. of North Walfliam, nt<.r the lea. Pajion, Northamp. N, of Peterboroush. /'c^7o«, Northumb. on the borders of Scotland, near Harelaw-Htll, Pastrana, a tpwn of New Caftile. Patagonia, the moft fouthern part of S. America, where a race of people have been difcovered, who leading nn unre- ftralned and lavage life, are reported to be of a gigantic ftaiure. " They are fuppof- ed," fays Dr. Rcbirtfon, " to be one of the wandering tribes, which occupy that vaft, but ieaft known region of America, which e:(tends from the river De-la Plata to tlie Straits of Magellan. Their proper fta- tion Is in that part of the interior country which lies on the banks of the river Ne- gro ; but in the hunting ftafon they often roaot as far as the ftraits which feparate Terj:; PAT Terra del Fuego from the main land. The firlt accounts of this people were brought to Europe by tiie companions of M.igtllan, who defcribed them as going naked, notwithftanding the inclemency of the climate, above eight feet In'gh, and of (trength in proportion to tiieir uncommon fize. Some of the inhabitants feen by Ciptain Byrcn, in 1764, were about feven feet in heights Captains VVallis and Car- teret, in 1766, found (bme of them to be from fix feet, to fix feet five and fevcn inches in height; but that of the greateft part was from five feet ten incites to fix feet. Mr. de Bougainville t"avy none be- low five feet ten inches, and none above fix feet two inches ; but the people of the Etoiie had feen, in a preceding voyage, fiveral that were fix feet four inches and a half high. The lead of thofc wiiom Gi- raudais faw, in 1766, ^"ere above five feet eleven inches high. M. Duclos Guyot, in the fame year, faw none tliat wanted more th.in half an inch of meafurintj fix feet. In the interior parts of the country, according to Mr. Falkner, there are tribes of a ftlli greater fize. Tlve great Cacique Canc;apol was above feven tcct high; and he had ieen Indians of the tribe of the Puclchcs, more than an inch or two taller than C ngapol. Their colour is a kind of bronze. They are all painted, and clothed nearly in the fame manner: the circles round the two eyes are fome white and red, and foine red ann. Surry, in the pirllh of Camberwell ; a noicd fair on Anguft aift. Peckham, Efjl^ or Gnat-, and IVell, or Little, Kent, near Wtft Mailing. 'Peck- ham Rye, Suny, S. of Peckham. PecUs- ion, Leic>.iler(hirc, NE. of Hifickley. Pechnanflon, Kent, near Newchurch. PEcquENCouRT, a town in the dept. of the N'jrth, featcd on the river Scarpe, 5 miles E. of Douay. PtuEE, Great, or Yadkin^, a river which riles in N. Carolina, near the bor- ders of Virginia, in I'tveral fmall ftreams, and entering S. Carolina, takes the name of Pedee, and enters the ocean, alter a ilmth eafterlycourii, 6milesbclo-.vCTeorge- Town. Pedee, Little, a river of S. Caro- lina, which falh into the Great Pedee, 16 miles below Qu^eenborou£:Ii. Pedena, a town of lilria. Pedir, a town of Sumatra, 20 miles E. of Ac hen. Ped:nandoi':, Cornwall, between the Liad's-E.id and Wliitland-Bay. Fed- PEG merPi, EITex, near Halftead. Ped/tioref Worccderduic, near Stowbridgc. Pedro, Point, a cape on the N. cyaft of J.Hmaica, in Ion. 78. 12. W. Pedro, St. one of the Marouefas inh,,i.s, Pi Jumjach, Durham, near Hu;ttterworth. PedzuarJtne, Htrclord/hire, near Brairp- ton Biioii. Peebles, an ancient town, the capital of PeiHIeslhire. It is featcd on a f. d! ri- ver cniied Peebles, v/hich (bon aftei joins the Tweed, has a maruifafture of car;>et3 and lerges, and a .v-;i,cly mairtt for corn and cattle. Petuics ib 20 miles S. of Edit^l.urgh. Peeblesshire, or Tv.eedale, a conn'y of Scotland bounded on the N. and NE. by Edinhnrghfhire, on the E. bv Sel- kirkfliirc, c tie^SE. nnd S. by the ccun- titi of Scirirk and Du.iifries, and n the W. by th.'t of Lancik. Ii is 25 '^ules Jong from N. to S. and rrom ic to 18 broad. In tiii:. county there i» nof much arable land. It's hills (among wnich are the rugged and heathy mour.t.ins of Twe'-\ilinuir, in the S. of the couniy) abound with falulirious fprings, and teed numbers of (heep and catti?. There are few plantations, except round particular houfes. The principal rivers are the Tweed, Lynne, and Yarrow, Peel, a lea port on the W. coaft of the Ifle cf M.in, in lat. 54.. 13. N. Peel-Heath, Middlel'ex, between Collon- Green ind Cowley. Peer, a tcwn and county of Liege. Peese. See Peaths. Peggie/- vortb, Glouceftei/hire, in Dowr- dcfwell p.ui.'h. Pegnafiel, a town of Old Caftile. Pegxa Macor, a town y Brira. PEGNAR.iNDA, a town or Old Caftile ; and a towr, of Leor. Pegton, or Pigdcn, Northumberland, NW. of Morp^t!). Ptcu, a ccniiderable kingdom of India, lying to the SE. of B^n^ .1. It is bound- ed on the N. by Arac.n and A^'t, on the W. by part of Araran and t he Bay or Ben- gal, on the E. by the kingdo ns cf Laos and Siam, and on the S, by ine Bay cf Bengal, It has a town ot the fame name, 70 miles within iai.d, ai-ove 20 miles in circumference; but a; prefent not one- twentieth part is inhahlted ; for it was ruined by the king or Burmali, who, in 1751, reduced this, till then, independent kingdom, to tlie .fate -A a dependent pro- vince. The produ^fs of this country are timbt-r for building, elephants, elephants' teeth, b«;es-wsx, ifick-lac, iron, tin, pe- troleum, P E I troleum, rubles, diamonds, and fapphires. The rubies are the bed in the world, but the diamonds are fmall. They have alio laltpetre, and plenty oF lead, of which rhey make their money. The country abounds with elephants, buffaloes, goats, hogs, and other animals ; and deer and ^ame are in great plen'y. It Is very fruitiul in corn, roo;s, puife, and fruits. They wear no European commodities but hats and ribands ; but they have cottons, iliks, and filver from Bengal, and the neighbouring countries. The inhabitants are but ihi:ily clad, and tliey wear neither fhoes no. dockings. Tiie women aie much fairer than tiie men, fmall, and fhapcly. If the wife prove falfe, the hufljand may fell her for a flave ; and if he go aft ray, flie, not having redrefs, fometimes con- trives to dilpaicli him by a dofe of poifon. There are a vaft number of temples in this country, but moftly of wood, which arc varnifhed and gilt. The inhabitants are partly Peguers, and partly Bramas, or Burmahs, who are at prefent mailers of the country; they are diftlnguilhtd from each other by their drefs and features. The prielts, who are called Talepoy, or Talapoins, oblerve celibacy, and eat but once a day. They wear a long frock, girt with a leather thong four inches broad, at which hangs a bag for receiving alms. They have no Itipends, and in cafe the few acres, which every one who builds a tem- ple beftows for their maintenance, be not iufficient, they fend novices abroad to beg alms. They have idols in their tem- ples, with very large ears, in a fitting poifure, like taylors. They have various forts of mufic, but the pipe and tabor are efteemed the beft. In the low flat part of the country, which is liable to be over- flowed, they build their houfes upon (lakes, and in time of inundations, communicate with each other by boats. The city of ot Pegu, in i6oo, was one of the largeft and moft populous in Ada, but being be- fieged, in 1593, by the kings of Aracan and Tangue, the king was obliged to iubmit for want of provifions. Since that time Pegu ceafed to be the royal city, and fell to decay J fo that, although 6 or 7 leagues in compafs, not one- twentieth part ol it is now inhabited. It is ftill, how- ever, the feat of the viceroy, governing for the king, who refides now at Ava. Lat. ?8. 5. N. Ion. 96. 4.2. E. Pehemburyt Devon i'. N W. of Hon i ton. PEI^fA, a town of Hildefheim, Lower Saxony. Peifus, or TcHUDSKOi, a large lake •f Ruffia, between the governments of Pe- V P E K terfburgh and Riga, 64. miles In length, and from 8 to 24. in breadth. It has a. communication with the Lake of Wrrt- zerwe ; and the river Narova ifl'ues from this lake, by which it has a communica- tion alio at Narva, with tiie Gulf of Fm- land. Peishore, orPiTSHOUR, a confider- able city of India, in the country of Cabul, 50 miles NN W. of Attock. Pekin, the capital dry of the emplie of China, fituated in a fert'le plain. It obtained this name, which fignifies the Northern Cou't, to dillinguiih it foni Nankmg, or the Southern Court, where the emperors forinerly redded. It is an exafl fquare, and divided into two parts ; namely, that which contains the emperor's palace, which is in the New City, or Tar- tar City, fo called becaule it is inhabited by Tartars, ever fince they conquered the empire. The other, called the Old Ciry, is inhabittd by the Chinele. The circuit of bjth together, is 52 Chinefe lays, each ot which contains 24.0 geometrical p.ices. The gates of this city are lofty and well arched, liipporting buildings cf 9 ftories high ; the iowelt of which is for the fol- diers, when they come off guard. The gates are 9 in number, and before each is an open fpace, which i'erves for a parade. The ftreeis are as ftraight as a line, moll of them 3 miles in length, and about 12a feet wide, with fhops on both fides j but the houles are poorly built, and have only aground-floor. The concourfe of people in the ftreets Is prodigious ; here are alfo vaft nutnbers of horfes, camels, mules, afl"es, and carriages. It is fiiigular, how- ever, that no women are ever fccn ; al- though the number ot women in Ciiiua, as well as in every other country, is luperior to that of the other fex. All tiie riches and merchandife ot the empire are conti- nually pouring into this city. There are always hackney horfes and chairs, in va- rious parts, which ftand ready to be hiied for a trifle. All the great ftreets are guarded by foldiers, who parrole ni;^ht and d.iy, with fabres h mging from their girdles, and whips in their iiands, to cor- real, without diltmiliod, thofe whocxcite quarrels, or make difturbances. The little ftreets have lattice-gates at their entrance into the great ftreets, which arc fhut up at night, and guarded by (bidiers, who fufFer no aflimblies in the ftreets at that time. The emp'.-ior's palace is of vaft extent, and fuiioundcd by A brick wall, with pavilions at e;icli corner, eri- compafled by gallirics fuppllrt^d by co- lumns. Thofe who have computed the compafs PEL eompafs of fhls city a different way, ob. fcive, that the two cities, witliout the lubiirhs, :ire 18 miles in ciicuinfcience, and th.\t llie numbtr ot' iniiabitants is, at lenft, 2,000,000; that the walls of the Tartar city are fo high, that they cover the town, and are broad enough for twelve horlemen to ride eafily abrealt ; and there are Ihong towers a bow-/hot diftancetroin rach other. The walls of tiic immenle pabce at the emperor, including that and the gardens, are upwards of four miles iu circuinfeieiicc, and the architeilurc of the ftructures entirely different from that of the Europeans ; they are covered with tiles of a fhining beautiful yellow. The palace never fails to ftrike beholders, by it's extent, grandeur, and the regular dif- pofition of it's apartments. It prefents a prodigious afTembl.ige of valt buildings, extenhve courts, and magnificent gardens. The temples and the towers of this citv are fo numerous, that it is difficult to count them. Provifions of all kinds are exceedingly plentiful, they being, as well as the mcrchandife, chiefly brought from other parts by means of canals, which are always crowded with vefiels of different fizes. No police can be more aflive. It is rare, in a number of years, to hear of houCes being robbed, or people alTafiinated. An earthquake, which fiappened here in 173I) buried above 100,000 perfons in the ruins of the houfcs. in this city a RvilFian church is eflablifhed, with a f<-mi- nary. In which the Itudents are permitted to lelide, for the purpofe of learning the Chinefe language. Since this eftablifli- rnrnt, many inierefiing publications have made their appearance at Peterfburgh, re- lative to the laws, hiftory, and geography of Cl)ina, trauflated from ttie originals pubiifhed at Pckin. Lat. 39. 54.. N. ion. J 16. jc- E. P^U; Lancafhire, N. of Wjgan. Pe/e, L;inca(1iire, W. of Warrington. Pelegriso, Mount, a promontory on the N. coail of Sicily, about two miles W. of Palermo. The profpeft from it is beautiful and extenfive. Moft of the Li- pari Iflands are difcovered in a clear day, and alfo a large portion of Mount E:na, although at the diftance of almoft the whole length of Sicily. Pelew Islands, a clufter of iflands in the N. Pacific Ocean, lying between i^^o. and T36. deg. E. Ion. and 5. and 9. N* lat. Thev were probably hrit djico- ▼ered by the Spaniards of the Philippines, and by them called the Paloo Illands, fro.n the tall palm-trees that grow there in great nuinbtis, aiid which, at a diftance, PEL have the appearance of mafls of fliipf > the word f>aIoi, in the Spanifh language, fomctimcs fignifying a maff. There is, however, fome realon to fuppofe, that no European had ever landed upon them, be- fore the Antelof)e, a packet belonging to theEalt-India Company, and commanded by Captain Willbn, was wrecked there in 178}. The captain found the native* fnnple in their manners, delicate in their ftntiments, friendly in their difpofition, and, in fhort, a people that do honour to the human race. The aftonifhmrnt which thofe, who firit difcovered the Englifli, manifefted on feeing their colour, plainly fhowed, that they had never before feen a white man. The clothes of the ftrangers alfo puzzled them exceedingly; for it feemed to be a matter of doubt with them, whether thele and their bodies did not form one fubflancc. When the captain's brother was deputed to wait upon the king, who refided on an illand at ibme dil^ance from that on which they had laved their lives, he accidentally pulled off his hat, at which the gazing fpeiftators were all ffruck with aftomfliment, as if they thought it had formed a part of his head. They had no idea of the nature of powder and fhot, and were exceedingly amazed on feeing it's cffe6ls. The weapons ufed in their bat- tles were bamboo fpears, about 12 feet long, with the poinltti end exceedingly hard, and barbed iranfvei .ly. They had alio bamboo darts pointed with the wood of the betel-nut tree, which is very hard and heavy ; with fhorter ones for dillant marks, which are thrown by means of a flick, with a notch in it, wherein the head of the dart was fixed. With rcfpeft to property in thefe iflands, a man's houfe, or canoe, is confidered as his own, as is alio the land allotted him, as long as he occupies and cultivates it; but, whenever he removes with his family to another place, the ground reverts to the king, who gives it to whom he pleales, or to thofe who folicit to cultivate ir. The country is well covered with timber-trees, the trunks of which furnilh the natives with canoes, fome large enough to carry 30 men. Yams and cocoa-nuts, being their chief articles of fubfiffence, are at- tended to with the utmoll cure. The other trees were the ebony; a fpecies of maiichineel ; a tree that, being pierced with a gimlet, there rsn from it a thick liquid, ot the confiftence of cream; and a fmgular free, like a cherry-tree, but with Ifaves refeinhiingr a myrtle, ^o extremely hard, that few otthe tools which theEng- lifh had could work it, the wood breaking their PEL their edges : the colour of the Interior was like mahogany. They had alio tlie cab- bage-tree; a tree whole fruit nearly re- feiiibled an almond ; the wild bread-fruit tree; plantains, bananas, Seville oranges, and lemons. Their common drink was the milk of the cocoa-nut ; on particular occafions, adding certain fweetmeats and X fweet btverage obtained by the aid of a fyriip, extracted either from the palm-tree or the fugar-canc. No quadrupeds were feen, except fome brownifli grey rats in the svoods, and a few meagre cats in fome of the houfts. They had plenty of com- mon cocks and hens, which, though not domefticated, yet loved to get near their houfes and plantations. The houfes are raifed about three feet from tlie ground, the foundation beams being laid on large ftones, whence fpring the upright lupports at their fides, wliich are croflld by other timbers grooved together, and faftcned by wooden pins, the intermediate fpace being clofely filled up with bamboos and palm- tree leaves; and the inlide is without any diTifion, forming one great room. As to domeftic implements, they have little baf- kets, very nicely woven from (lips of the plaintain-tree, and wooden bafkets, with covers, neatly carved, and inlaid with fhelis. No one ever Itirs abroad without a bafker, which ufually contains fome be- tel-nut, a comb, knife, and a little twine. The beft knives are made of a piece of tiie large mother-of-peail oyfter, ground nar- row, and the outward isdea little pcliftied. The combs are made of the orange- tree, of winch there are a few of the Seville kind ; the handle and teeth are faftened in the foiid wood. The fifliing-hooks are of tortoife fhell ; and twine, cord, and fifii- ing-nets, are well manufaftured from the 4 hulks of the cocoa-nof. OF the plantr^in- leaf are formed mats, which ftrve the peo- ple as beds. Tliey alio ufe a plantain - leaf at meals, inftead of a plate; and the fliell of a cocoa-nut, which they poli/h very nicely, lupplies the place ol a cup. There are veffels of a kind of earthen- ware, of a reddifh-brown colour, in which they boil their fifh, yams, Sic. A bundle of cocoa-nut hulks, tied together, feives tliem for a broom, and thick bamboos, with bores five or fix inches in diameter, are their buckets, or cifterns. The fliell of ihe tortoife is here remarkably beau- tiful; and the natives have difcovered the art of moulding it into little trays, or dirties, and fpoons. Some of the women have alio bracelets of the fame manutac- ture, and ear-rings inlaid with flulls. The natives, in general, are a ftout peo- P E M pie, rather above the middling ftature, and of a very deep copper coLur. Their hair is long, and generally formed into one large loofe curl round their heads. The men are without cloaths ; the svomtra wear two little aprons, one before, the other behind. Both men and women are tattooed, and their teeth are made black by art* The men had their left ear bored, and the womcH both ; with beads or leaves wore in the perforated ear. The Carti- lage between the noltriis was ajfo bored, in both fexes, through which they often put fome fprig, bloflbm, or rtiruh. Both iexes are very expert at fwimming, and the men are fuch admirable divers, that they will readily fetch up any thing from tile bottom of the lea which attrafts their notice. The condudi of thele people to- ward the Englirti was uniformly courteous and attentive, accompmitd with a polite- ncfs which furprifed thofe who were the objc£fs of it. Such an opinion had the king of the iflaml entertained of the Eng- lifn, that, on their departure, he fufi^ercd his fecond fon, Lee Boo, to accompany them to England, where this amiable youth died of the fmall-pox, in 1784., at about 20 years of age. Tliefe itlands are encircled on the W. fuie by a reef of coral. Pelhitm-Aurfa, or Brent, Pelkam-Fur- n nx, and Pelkam Stockin, Herts, on th© tj iders of Elfex, towards Cfivering. Pclin, Cornwall, S. of Leftwithiel. Pelissa, a town and county in Hun- gary, I 5 miles N. of Buda. Pell, Suttex, on the coaft, by Bcxiil. Pella, an ancient town of ThelTuly. PeUa!):ontain, Cornwall, W. of Trtrife. Pclles, Cornwall, near Padltow-Haven. Peloe, DuiViam, near Chefter-le-Street. PliLOPONNESUS. SeeTHEMOREA. PeljhaU Sutff. N. of Waifnl. Peljlon^ Shropf. N. of Newport. Pelion, Dur- ham, near Chefter-le-Street. Pemba, a province of Congo, in Af- rica. Banza, or St. Salvador, is the capital. Pemberion, Lancalhire, near Wigan. PEMBR.IDGE, 3. fmall lown of Here- fordshire, with a manufactory of woollen clo'h, feated on the liver Arrow, 12 miles NVV. of Herefoul, and 14.5 WNVV. of London. Market on Tuefday. "Pembroke, the capital ot Pembroke- fliire, cominodioully feated on the inner- moft creek of Milford-Havcn, over which aie two handfome bridges. It is well- built and well-inhabited, and next to Car- marthen and Brecon, is the richeft town in S. Wales. Here are merchants wlio employ near 200 liiil on their own account. It is 10 miles S£. of Haverfordwcit, and Zf6W. PEN «56 W. by N. of London. Market oil Catiirci.iy. PEMBttOKESftiRE, the moll vvtftein county ot S. WjIc*, 35 iiiiici in length, jliJnit's HKun breaJcli, and liirrounded on :ill (ides liy the fen, except on the NE. aii',1 E. whertf it is hounded by Cardigan- Ihire and Caiman licnihire. It is divided into 7 hundrtds, which contain 7 market- towns, and 145 parilhes. The principal rivers ate the E. and VV. Cltdhuc. A great part of the county is plain, and to- lerably fertile, confining of rich meadow and arable land. One pai t alone is moun- f.inous, extending from tlic coalt, near Fidiguard, to the bonlers of Carmarthen- fliire. This, however, yields good paf- niie for (hcep and cattle. There is pro- bably more rain here than in any other part of the kingdom, brought by wefterly winds from the Atlantic Ocean. The only manufaiSlures of the county confift of a cotton-mill, near Huverfordwelt, which employs about 150 perfons ; a forge at Blackpool, and foine iron and tin works on the Tivy. The county-town is Pem- broke. Penibiiry, Kent. Pen, Somerfetf. NE. of VVincaunton. "Penalth, S. of Monmouth, on the Wye. Penalva, a town of Beira. Penautier, a town in the dept. of Aude, 4. miles NV\''. of Circallonn-.. Pcribrook, Doiletf. in the parillr of S. Perrot. PdnJier. Durivam, near Hough- ton-le-Sp' ing. Pende. S;aHr. near New- caltle-under-Linc. Pencomb, Heret. S\V." of Bromyard. Pen Court, Kent, near Hol- linghourn. Pencoyd, Heref. tV. of Rofs. fencojj, Monm. £. of Caerleon. Pen- crsek, Cornwall, neir Lellcard. Penden, Cornwall, near Leflcard. FenJen, and vAWt'«f-AoLW, Cornwall, on the N. coaft. War Morvatii. Pendenw, Cornwall, at the moutli of F.ilaioutii Hiven, is a pe- ninlula of one mile and a l^dr in ciicuin- ference, on which Henry Vltl. eiciled a c^ifle, oppofite to that of S;. Maw's, on the otiier lide of the bay, which he alfo built. Some additional works were alfo made by Queen Elizabeth. It is one of the largelt caiiles in the kingdom, and is built in, Ne- ther and Over, Stattordfhire, near Wol- verhampton. Pennaflor, a town of Anurias. PiiNNAFLOR, a town of All hlufja. Pennant- Cyrnwal!, in Si. Cicre parifli. Pen JiAR, a river of Hindoofl-an, wliich rifei in the kingdom of Myfore, and wa- tering Go-.ty-Gandicotta, Ciiddapah, and Nellore, tails i:ito the Bay of Bengal, at Gai.gapanmn. Pennard; E. and JF. Som^i'fetfh. near Glaftonbury. Pcunrva-n, a ftcep moun- tain, with I i\).-,\ I'ummit, S..:f Breck- nock. Pennie^ent'Hill. Yo'k{\\. NE. Sf Settle. Pen.'-i.iglon Hants, near Ring- wood. Pennington^ Lancal". near Ulvcr- fton. Penmjtan, York!'. W. Riding, N. of Middop. PSN''''>N, a fort of Africa, feated on a fraall ;u s id before the harbour of Algiers. Pennon de Velez, a fca-port ofBar- bary, feated on a rock in ihe Mediterra- nean, nfar the town of Velez. It is in the pofieiTion of the Spat-iiards, is 75 miles E. of Centa, and has a good har- bour. Pennsylvania, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the E. by Ni-vv York and Jerfey ; on the W. by ftates not fettled; on the N. by leveral Indian nations ; and on the S. by Dela- ware and Maryland. It extends 250 miles from E. to W. and 14.0 from N. to S. By means of the Delaware, and other na- vigable rivers, laige ihips come up into the heait of the country. The foil is, in fome places, a yellow or black fandj in fome, loamy gravel ; and in others a fat and fruitr'ul mould, eafy to be cleared. It is well watered with rivers, and produces every thing which can render life agreea- ble, in the utmoit plenty. The produce of this country is corn, cattle, timber, pot-afhes, wax, (kins, and furs; and they export to the W. India Klirnds (altcdbeef, pork, horles, pipe-(taves> and fi(h ; tak- ing in return fagar, rum, and uiolalles. P EN This country is now one of the moH flou- rifliing in tlic New World. It was grant- ed to William Penn, fon of Sir W. Penn, by King Charles II. in confideration of I'undry debts due to him frorn the crown. Wlien he went to America, he purchafed the foil, at a very low rate, of the Indians, expending alio large funis in tranfporiing Ills followers, and fupplying them with all nccefi'tries. His lands ;i!fo were fold at a very eafy purchafe, and he gave the fet- tlers a noble charter of privileges. The Gtrmans compole a quarter, if not a third part of tile inhabitants oi Pcnniylvanla ; in 1787, the whole number of Inh"ibitants were reckoned at 560,000 : they are now much more numerous. Piiiladelphia is the capital. Penny-well, Herts,, near Wati'ord. Penojisco'I', a bayi)f N. America, on the S. coaft of Main, at the mouth of the liver Peiiobl'cot. It is long and capacious, and lined with a clislter of (inall iftands. The river Penobfcot is navigalle, for vef- felsOf 100 tens, to the falls, which are 50 miles from the fea. Pen Park- Hole, Gloucef. 3 miles from Briltol. PenpoU, Cornwnll, E. of Bodmin. Penpont, Cornw. SE. of Padftow-Hayen." Penpurgh, Northunib. by Whitfield. Pen RISE, a l'ea:port of Glamorgan- fliire, with a good harbour for fliips. It is 20 miles SE. of Carmarthen, and 219 W. of London. Market on Tliurfday. * Penrith, a large well built town of Cumberland, feated under a hill, near the rivers Eymot and Lowther. It has a fpa- cious market, place, and is a great tho- rotighfare, lying on the po(f-road between London and Glalgow. Here are fome noted tan-works, and ibir.e manufaftures of check and cotton. It is 18 miles S. of Cailifle, and 2S0 NNW. of London. Muikets on Tuelday and Saturday. Fair on Whit Tuelday. Penrith, Old, Cumb. In Lazenby pa- ridi, 5 miles from Penrith, and 13 from Carlifle. It was formerly a Roman fta- tion, and here are ftill to be fcen great iiiius of a town. Penrcfe, Cornw. near Heldon. Penrcfe, Cornw. at the Land's End. Penrofe, Heref. N. of Ptmbridge. Penrafe, Monm. N. of Ragland Caftle. Penruddock, Cumbcrlandj in Greyftock pari(h. Penryn, a confiderable town of Corn- wall, le lied on an eminence near Pciiden- nis-Ca(tle, at the entrance of Falmouth- Haven. It has a confiderable trade in drying and vtiiding pilchards, and in the Newfoundland (ifliery, and is 2 miles NNW. of Falmouth, and 2O6 WSW. of London. PEN I.oiulon. M.ukcts on Wcdnefday, Fil- fl.tVj ^nd Saturday. Pem'JACOLa, tlie principal town of W. Floiidn, fc.itai on a buy of tin; Gult ril Mexico, which forms a coininodjovis liaihoiir, laic from ail winds. Lat. 30. 3z. N. ]on, 87. 12. W. Pensance, or Penzance, a popu- lous town oi Cornw;iii, riati-d on a cicck of Mou' t's Bay. In J 595, it was Innnt by tht Spaniards, who, in t< ur galleys, J'urjniitd this p-irt of the coalt, and (tt le- vtral villages and farms on fire j but it was foon icbnilt, made one of the coinage towns, and has now many (liips btloPigiiig to it. It is 10 miles E. of Scnan, at the Land's End, and 2S6 WSW. of London. IVlaiicet on Tliuriday. I'enfanJ, Cornw. is. of Stratton. Pen- fax, Wo.r. in Lindri^lgv parilh. Pe.j'ii- Chnce, Si:i(f. SVV. of Wolverhampton. Pensford, a town in Somerlttfhire, ieattd on tiie river Chew. It is noted tor it's iiats and bre.id, and has a manufactory of clo I). It is 7 miles SSW. of Bath, and 117 W. by S. of London. Market on Taelday. Pen's Gresi:, Surry, between Peckham and Beckenham. Pens-Place, ller.f.udi". on AMenham-Comnion. Penjham, Wore, near Pcrlhorr. Penjheret, Corn^v. NE. of Bodmin, Penjherji, or Penchejicr, Kent, 3 miles SW. of Ttmbridge. Peajfitrll- Halymote, alias Oifard IVil.i, Kent, near Penlhetlt. Psnf.gKance, Carnwall, near Redrnili. Peiijihorb, Norfolk, nearFaken- harp. Penterrj i'.huj'el, Monm. NW, of Chcpll'w. Pcnthiant-Mon, Anglelea, 5 miles W. of Beavimans. Per.tlrc, Pliit, Fort, and Poini, Cornwall, near ihe en- trance of Pddllow-Ksven. Pcntire, K. and /r. Cornwo.II, on the BrilloiChannel, ijc^r Cr-aitock, SE- of Pcnhale. PKNTLAND FpiTH. SccOrCADES. Pf.ntlan'd ■ SXtX-RiEa, three unail rocky illands, on liie N-Couft of Scotlanvl, 4 miles NE. of Duncanlby Head. On the 1 irgeli of thefe, two lighthoufes were cici^ted in 1794. Pentland Hills, a ridge of moun- tains, in Edinburghdiire, extending about 10 milts from SW. to NE. Pe/it'otu, Eilex, on tlie Sfour, between Long Melford and Clare. Pentney, Norf. on the river Lyn, between Seche and Caf- tleacre. ptnton Gr.^'fton, Hampfti. near Wcyhill, Ptfitoii-Me-v/ey, Hampf. near Andovtr. Pcnlregayer, Shiopl. W. of Ofweftry. Pentrepatit, Shropl. N. of Of- wcftiy. PentriJge, Dcrbyf. 5W. ofAI- fret>daliriin. Pepperhill, Shropftiire, near Paifliall in Srart'ordfhire. Peppering, Suf- Icx, SE. of Arundel. Peppernefs, Kent, the S. point of Sandwich Haven. Pepper- fiock, Bcdfordf. near Luton-Hoo, PeppU- Jhutn, Suff. X, near Haltings. PEquir.vv', a town in the depf . of tlie Somnie, fe.ifed on the river Sotiune, 15 milc^ SE, of Abbeville. PFiiA, a fubnrb oF Conftantinople, where tlie foreign ambafiadors ufually re- fide, ft is inhabited by Greek and other Chril^ians, and they fell wine theie as puhlicly as in any other part of Europe* which IS not allowed in the city. Pera>7:nrzvcthal, Cornwall, N. of Pen- ryn. Peramu-.hno, Cornw, E. of Mount's Ba", . Peran-in-ihe- Sands, Cornwall, NE. of St. Agnes. It has from time to time been almoft overwhelmed with the fea- i'and driven into it by the NW. winds, fo that the inhabitants were obliged once to remove theij" church. Peray, St. a village in the dcpt. of Ardecht , noted for it's wine. It is leated on the Rhone, oppofite Valence. Perca5L.\w, a town of Rufiia, in Kiof. Perche, a ci-devant province of France, now forms, with part ot Nor- mandy, the department of Orne. Percy- Lodge, Bucks, near Colnbrook. Pere, St. Monm. S. of Chepllow. Perekop. See Precop. Pereczas, a town of Upper Hungary, capital of a county of the fame name. Perga, a town of Turkey, in Aibania. Pergamo, an ancient decayed town of Nuolia, inhabited by about 3000 Turks, and a few Jamiliis of poor Chriitians. Pergamus PER Pergamus was anciently the capital of a kingdom, which began in the year 47o> from the building of Rome, and continued 152 years i when the laft icing, Attahis III. dying without cluldren, Itit the Ro- man people his heirs. Here the manutac- ture of parchment was firft invented. Perigord, a ci-devant province of France, now forming the department of Dordognc. Perigueux, an ancient town, the capital of the department of Dordogne. Here are the ruins of a temple of Venus, and an amphitheatre. This town is fa- mous for it's partridge- pies, which are fcnr all over Europe. It is fcated on the river Ille, 50 miles SW. of Limoges. Peri'vale, Middl. N. of Gieat Ealing and Caftlcbare Hill. Perletborp, Nott. in Edenllow parifli. Perm, one of the 41 governments of RufTia, foimerly a province of Kaian. It is divided into two provinces ; namely, Perm, the capital of which is of the fame name, feated on the river Kama, where it receives the Zegochekha, in lat. 57. 4.0. N. Ion. 54. 6.E. and Catharinenburgh, tlie capital of which, of the fame name, is feated not far from the fource of the river IfTel, in lat. 56. 36. N. Ion. 60. jo. E. PeRNAMBUC. SceOLlNDA. Permondley, Northumb. NE, of Kirk- haugh. Perne, a town in the depart, of the Mouths of the Rhone ; and a town in the dept. of the Straits of Calai";. Perno, a town of Nylanci, Sweden. Per NOV, a town in the government of Riga. , Peronne, a town in the depart, of Somme, feated on the river Somme, 27 miles SW. of Cambray, and 80 E. by N. of Paris. Perofe, Cornwall, SW. of Camelford. Perousa, a town of Piedmont, in the diftrift of the Four Valleys, to one of which it gives name. Per PI GN AN, a confiderable town In the dept. of the Eaftern Pyrenees, and late province of Rouflillon, with an univerfity. It is feated on the river Tet, 3 miles from the fea, (over which there is a handfome bridge) 26 miles S. of Narbonne. Perrot, South, Dorfetf. 2 miles NW. of Cheddington. Perry, Huntingdon!', in the parifti of Great Stoughton. Perrj Bar, Staff. N. of Birmingham. Perry-Bridge^ Somerfetf. S. of Wrinton. Perry-Court, Kent, near Cliff. Perry-Court, Kent, near Prefton. Perry-Court, Kent, near Wye. Perry-Hall, Staff, near Perry- Bar. Ptrry.HUl, Surry, NW. of Guil- PER ford. Pciry-Street, Kent, near Sy confukitd as a pro- vince of Pcifia, altliougli il. is now an in- depcndtnt kin^^dom. Tlie ciiief rivtrs arc tlie Tygiis and Aimic. In tin; N. and E. parts it is mo'intninous and cold; in the middle and SE. parts Tandy and defart ; and in the S. and W. level and extremely fertile, t hough for /evcial months very Iiot. The loil prodnces the vaiious forts of puUi! and corn. They have cotton in grt.it abundance, and, among other do- inelUc animals, camels, buffaloes, and horlis. In feveral places naptha, a fort of bitumen, riles out of the ground, and they have mines of gold, fdver, iron, Tur- key- (foncs, and fait; but the fiitt two of tiitle are not worked, on accoimt of the fcarcity of wood. They have a great deal of cotton cloth, fome pearls, and a large quantity of filk, bcfide manufai5lures cf filk, and very fine carpets. They have aifn the various forts of fruits, fairer and better than the choiceft European j excel- lent wine, and a great nuniber of mulher- ry-trce», with the leaves of which they feed the filk-worms ; likewile dates, piltachio- iiuts, and trees which produce manna. Their horfes are the fineft in the Eall ; and they have large flocks of fliecp and goats j the tails of the former of which are of a inonllrous fize. They ate generally Ma- Jiomctans, of the feft of Ali. Ifpalian is the capital. PjiRSiAN Gulf, a large gnlf of AGa, betweoa Perfia and Arabia Felix. The etitrance nearOrmus is not above 30 miles tiver, but within it is 180 in breadth, and ne third in buildings, fince tlie year 174^. The number of inhabitants is about, -yojooo. The mainifadlure of linen and fotton is very confiderable ; 1 50,000!. be- ing annually exported, with 50,0001. worth of fjjmon, ;mkI io,ooo1- worth of •wheat and barley. Perth is 30 miles N. t;f Elinburgh. 'Ferthnicy C.kapd, near Monmouth; PER PtRTHSHiRE, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the fliires of In- vcrncls and Aberdeen ; on the E. by An- gtisfhire and the Frith of Tay ; on the SE. and S. by the counties of Fife, Kin- rols, Clackmannan, and Stirling ; and on the W. by Dumbartonniire and Argyle- Ihire. It exttnds al^out 60 miles fiom N, to S. and upwards of 50 from E. to W. The northern diltrift, called Athol, is uncommonly wild and mountainous; the others, viz. Braedalhanc, Gourie, Mon- teith, Stormont, and Strathern, are more chatiipaign, and fertile in corn and paf- ture. Perth Amboy, a fca-port in the fate of New Jerfey, i'caied on a neck of land", included between the river Raritan anil Arthur Kull Sound. It lies optn to Sandy Hook, has one of the beft haibovirs on the continent, and is 25 iniles SW. of New York. Perto7i, StafFordf. nearWolverhafr.pton. Pertuis, a town in the dept. of the Mouths of the Rhone, 10 miles N. of Aix. Periavosd, Wilts, NW. of Hindon. Peru, a large country of S. America, bounded on the N. by the river of Guaya- quil, which divides it from New Granada j on the S. by the dtpojiulaied territory ot Atacama, which parts it from Chili; on the E. by a horrible defart of more than 500 leagues in extent, which ieparates it from the provinces of Paraguay and Bue- nos Ayrcs ; and on the W. by the Pacific Ocean. It's extent from N. to S. is from 440 to 450 leagues, and from E. to VV^ from 100 to 120 leagues, tt was rtripped of the kingdom of Quito, which has gene- . rally been confideied as a part of it, io 1718, and of thofe provinces, at the dif- tance of 40 leagues E. ot Lima, which, towards the E. conftituts the viceroyahy of Buenos Ayres, in 177S. It icarccly ever rsins in this country, and they haid- ly know what lightning and thunder are, unlefs toward the top of the mountains ; for when the mathematicians from France W'M'e there, to meal'ure a degree of lati- tude, while they were making their ob- fervations, they not only faw it ligliten, but heard the thunder belovi* them,^or they were above the clouds. i\li the tops of thefc mountains are covered wliii inow to a very great height, and there are feve- ral volcanoes, which burn continually j fotuetimes luch torrents of water fall down fjom thence, as overflow the country tor a confiderable fpace. The btft houiVs here are made of a fort of r^eds, like br.n>boo- canes, and covered with thatch, or palm- Jtivc^. They have a kind of galluies, PER or balconies, but there is no walking along the floors without making the vvliolt: ftrufture fhrit)k, or ftake. Here at e large forefts on the fides of the moun- tains, which advance near the lea j but the trees are different from tliole in Eu- rope. The birds are much iuperior to the European tor the beauty of their plumage J but tiieir notes are very dil'a- greeable. There are few birds near the Ita, and the monkeys, alio, keep at a dif- tance from it. The bird called the tou- can, which is remarkable for having a bill as large as it's body, is called the preach- er by the Spaniards, though it is as mute as a fifli. It "has been generally faid there are lions here, but that which they call lu is moie like a wolf than a lion, and never attacks man. The tigers are faid to be as large and as fierce as thofe of Africa, though not of the fame colour; however, there are but very few of them. Serpents are very common, and feveral forts of them dangerous ; particularly the rattle-fnake, which does not get away from men like the reft. There are feve- ral infe6ts like thofe in.Europe, but they are vailiy larger. The earth-worms are as long as a man's arm, and as thick as his thumb; there are alfo fpiders covered with hair, and as lai'ge as a pigeon's egg. The bats are of a monftrous fize, and will fuck the blood of horfes, mules, and even of men who fleep in the fields ; and they have entirely deftroycd. the great cattle, which the miflionaries had introduced into a country N. of Peru. The famous bird called a contor, or condor, as, perhaps, the largeft in the world, for it is faid to make nothing of carrying off flieep and heifers. The animal called the guanaco is peculiar to S. America, for none have ever been found in N, America, nor in any other country. It is commonly call- ed a camel-lheep, and has fomething of the fliape of a camel, but without any bunch on it's back. There are two forts of them, one covered with a very fine red- difh wool, or hair, v.-hich is a valuable commodity. They are but fmall in com- parifon of a camel, and were uled to carry burdens of about 50 pounds weiglit, be- fore horfes were introduced. Peru is in- habited by the Spaniards, who conquered it, and the native Americans. Tiie lat- ter, who live among the forclls, form, as it were, fo many fmal! republics, which are direfled by a Spanifli prieft, and by their governor, aflilled by the original natives, who ferve as ofliceis. Thcy^ go naked, and paint tiieir bodies with a red drug, called rocu. The fame nun is of all PER trades, for he builds his own hut, con- ftrufts his own canoe, and weaves his own cloth; but, if a large houl'e is to be built for common ule, every one lends a helping hand. Their Ikins are of a reti copper co- lour ; and they have no beards, nor hair on any part of their bodies except their heads, where it is black, long, and coarfe. Thofe that are not much expofed to the weather, arc of a lighter colour than the reft. Their garment is a Jbrt of a fack, with holes to put their arms through ; and this is given them by their employers as part ot their wages. From a mixture of the native Amsricans and Spaniards ariCes a third kind, called Mei'ics, who aie accounted illegiiimate; howevtr, thev have all the privileges of a Spaniard, and are the perfons who carry on all trades j for the Spaniards think it beneath them to meddle with any thing of this fort ; thefe bch.ive in a more tyrannical manner over the real Americans, than even the Spani- ards themfelves, infomuch that the go- vernor is obliged to reprels their iniblence. They have a great number of fruits, plants, and trees, not known in Europe; the Spaniards alio have introduced many herbs, plants, and tiees from Europe, which thrive very well, and the fruits they produce are delicious. A great part of the territory of Peru is occupied either by barren and rugged mountains ; fandy plains, which reach from one extremity of the coaft to another ; or lakes of many leagues in extent, fome of which are fitu- ated on the fummits of the mountains. The breaks, however, and the valleys, which enjoy the benefit of irrigation, pre- fent an extenfive range of delightful plains, filled with cities and towns, the climate of which is highly falubrious and agreeable. It's commerce has been conildtiably aug- mented, lince the arrival of merchant vcl- fels from Spain, by Cape Horn, has been permitted, and the removal of thofe re- ftriclions, by which it was opprelTed in the time of the galleons, and the fairs of ^ Porto-Bello and Panama. The manufac- tures confift almort entirely of a few friezes, v^orn by Indians and negroes ; and fome manufartures of hats, cotton cloths, drink- ing-glaffes, S:c. inconfiderable in number. The mines arc the only foifrce of thc- riches of Peru. In 1790, 534,000 maiks of lilvcr, am! 603S of gold, were fmclted and refined in the royal mint of Lima; and 5,162,139 piaftres, in both materials, were coined there. About half ef the filver, which is annually fmelted and coined, is exfraclcd from the mines of Gualgaycc and Pafcoj the form'^r in the i. 1 i difinit PES diftrift of Truxillo, and the latter fituated at the northern cxtremiiy ot the Pampiis tic BoDiljon. Tlic iTiiiie ot Guaiit;iiaya, in Areqiiipa, and that of GwHiocliiri, in Lima, do not fiounfli in propoition to the richncl's and abundance of their metab, in coiikqvi.nce of the diflicnlty oi procur- ing ncctfiaries for working, ftibfy/tenec, Soufej and a few conical huts. Capt. Kmg places it in lat, 55. o. 38. N. and Ion. 158. 43. E. ♦Peterborough, a city uf North- amptondiire, feated on the river Nen, over which is a bridge that leads into Hunt- ingdonfliire, in marfhy ground. It is not a large place, hnving but one parifli- church, befides the cathedral, but the maiket-place is ipacious, and the ftreets regular. It has a trade in corn, coal, and timber. The cathedral, formerly a mo- naftery, is a majcftic ltru6fure, full of cu- rious vi'ork. It is 30 miles SSW. of Bof- ton, and 81 N. ot London. Market on Saturday. Peterborouv^k, in Monaghan, Ulfter. Peter-Vbitrch, Herefordf. on the river Doier, in the Golden Vale. PeterUj, Bucks, in Miflenden parifh. Peter-1-e Port, St. a town in the SE. part of Guernley, conlilling of one long, narrow (treet. It is defended by two caltlts, the Old CalUe and Gornct Caiilej the latter is fituattd on a rock, feparated from the land by an arm of the fea, ford- able at low water. Here is a good road for fliipping; and the pier, a great work, affords not only ftcurity to velFels, but a plealant and extenfive walk to the inha- bitants, with a fine profpeft of the fea and the neighbouring illands. Peterhead, a handfome town of A- berdeenfhire, htuated wear cl.e mouth of I the PET tb€ river Ugie. It has an excelltnt har- bour, dciendeJ by a new pier. A. confi- derahle tratie is carried on, botii in the fifhery, and to the Balfic for the prodiic- tion? of tlic North. Here is alio a manu- faclv.rt nt" fevving thread. Tlie niiiieral fprirjf; here, ot a powerful diuretic quality, and the I'ta-hathing, biing a ^ivat relbrt ot" company. It lies a liitle to the N. ot" Sucim;nei's, the moll ealtern promoniory of Scotland. Peter's, St. Kent, in Thanet Irte. Pe- ters i"/. S'lffolk, S. of Bungay. Peter's, St. Worcef. near Droitwich. Peter's- Chapel in-the-J!^^!l St. EfFex, at the mouth of Black'.va'tr river. Peterseukgh. a town of Virginia, feated on an un!\eal'hy ipot, on the S. fide of the liver Appaicatox, i8 miles S. of Riclimond. Petersburgh, the metropolis of the empire of Ruifia, in ihe government of the fame name, is feated on the ri.ver Neva, near the Gulf of Finland, and is built partly upon fome illands in the mouth of that river, and partly upon the continent. So late as the beginning of this century the ground on whicli Pcteilburgii now ftands was only a vali^ morai's, occupied by two imall firtiermcn's huts. It is about 6 Englilli miles in length, and as many in breadth, and has neither gates nor a wall. At fiilt it was defiaincd only for a place of arms, in the Swedifhwar, and the public edifices ai- 1 private houfes were builf only with timber, the town had no otiier fortifications than a mean iamj>art of earth, nv":r were the (treefs paved. But efrer the viilory of Pulrowa, and the con- queft of Livonia, Ptter determined to ren- der tliis infant city the capital of his em- pire. Upon this, he ordered the citadel to be built with Itone, t!ie admir^tiv to be walled in witii the fame materials'j'and all tlie buildings to be erected in a handl'ome a;;il more durable manner, and gardens to be laivi out. In 171+, he removed the council to Peteriburgh, and handlixne hoiif.s were erected, in a flraight line, tor the jjublic ot^ces, which, in 17 18, were alio tranflaied hither. In Peer's time, this city became i<«'ge and iplendid, and having received aduuional improvements unler his fuccelfors, it. is now ranked among the largell «nd molt elegant cities of Europe. The c^ar, Peter the Giear, firft began this city in the year 1703, building a fmall hut for hiniftlf, and Ibme wretched wooden hovels. The Itreets, in general, are broad and fpacious ; and three of the principal ones, which meet in i point at the admiralty, are at lealt two PET miles in length. Moft of tliem are paved, but a few are (till fufFered to remain floor- ed with planks 5 and, in I'everal parts of this metropolis, wooden houles, Icarcely fupericr to common cottages, are blended with the public buildings. The brick houles are ornamented with a white ftucco, which has led feveral travellers to lay, that they are built of (tone. The manfions of the nobility are vaft piles or building ; furniflied with great cott, in the fame ele- gant ftyle as at Paris or London ; and fitnated chiefly on the S. fide cf the Neva, either in the admiralty quarter, or in the fuburbs of Livonia and Mofcow, which are the finelt parts of the city. The views upon the banks of the Neva exhibit the grandeft and mo(t lively fcenes ima- ginable. That river is, in many places, as broad as the Thames at London : it is alfo deep, rapid, and as tranl'parent as cry- ftal ; and it's banks are lined on each fide with a continued range of hand fome build- ings. On the N. the fortrefs, the academy of fciences, and the academy of arts, are the moft (triking objefts. On the oppofite fide are the imperial palace, the admiralty, the manfions ofmanyRuflaan nobles, and the Englilh line, lb called bccaul'e (a few houfes excepted) the whole row is occu- pied by the Englilh merchants. In the front of thefe buildings, on the S. fide is the quay, which (tretches for 3 miles, ex- cept where it is interrupted by the admi- ralty; and the Neva, during the whole of that Ipace, has been embanked, by order of the Jatc empiefs, by a wall, parapet, and pavement of hewn granite. Pctcjf- biirgh, although it is more <;ompa6t th:)n the other Rutlian cities, and has the houfes, in many Itreets, contiguous to each other, yet Itill bears a refemblancc t-o the towns of this country, and is built in a very Itraggling manner. It has been late- ly inclofcd witliin a rampart, the ciicum- ference of which is 14 tniles. Notwith- ftandiiig all the improvements it has re- ceived by fiiccteding fovertigus, and par- ticularly the late empress, who may, with- out exaggeration, be called it's fecond founder, it is itill, as Mr, Wraxall ob- fcrves, "only an immenfe outline, which will lequire fu'ure euipreffes, and slnioit future ages, to complete." Fiom it's low ant mailhy fiiuation, it is fubjedt to inun- dations, which have occafionaUy rilen io high, as to thieaten the town with a tcttil lubmerfion, Tiic oppofite divifions of Pe- tcrfburgh, firuattd on each fide ot the Neva, are connected by a hiiJge or. pontoons, which, on account of the large malies ot ice driven down the ftream Irom the Like L 1 3 Ladoga, PET Luloga, 18 ufually removed when they fit It make tlicir appearance ; 3nd, lor a few days, till the river is frozen hard enough to bear c:irrlagLS, there is noconi- iniinicntion between the oppolite pans ot the town. The number ot iiiliabitants is cttimated at 126,700. The viliie of the exports, in Biitifh (hips, in 1777, amount- ed to 1,508,781 fterling; and the goods imported in the lame year were eltimated at 4.2';,94'J. Peter(burgh is 54.0 miles NNE. of Warfaw. Lat. 59. 56. N. Ion. 30. 25. E. •Pktersfiuld, a town of Hampfhire, felted on the river Loddon, 18 miles NE. ol Portfinoutb, and 53 SW. of London. Mirkit on Saturday. Peter' s-Green, Herts, in the road frorn K'.mpton to Luton. PeterJIiam, Dorletf. Hear Winborn Miufter. Pf/pkrshagfn, formerly Hocke- t-E^'E, a town of Minden, Weftplialia. Pcterjham, a village in Suriy, lituated on the Thames, on the S. Tide of Rich- mond-Hill, near lo miles WSW. of London. Peterjlon, Monmonthi". SW. of Newport-Haven. P^terjiovj, Herefordf. W.of Wil'on-Caftle. Pkterwaradin, a fortified town of Sclavonia, on the Danube. It is chiefly remarkable for the fignal victory obtained rear it over the Turks, by Prince Eu- gene, in 1716. Petejh-ee, SufF. E. of Dallngho. Petef- ivorth, Kent, near Bradlierlt. Peiham, Kent, S. of Canterbury. Peihani-Court, Ktrnt, near Eynsford. Pethaugh, Suffolk, S. of Debenliam. Petherton, a town in Somerfet/hlre, featcd on the river Panet, j8 miles S. by "W. of VVtlls, and 133 W, by S. of Lon- don. M:\rket 0.1 Tuefday. Petherton, North, SamerC. 12 miles NW. of Petherton. Pether^vick, or St. Petrock, Little, Cornwall, near Padifow. Haven. Petherwln, North, Dcvonf. near Warringr- ton. Pether-xvin, South, Cornwall, SW. of Laiinctffon, Petioliano, a town of Tufcany. PETiGUAVAS,afca port of St. Domin- go, I'eatcd en r. bay at the W, end of the idand, .'00 miles E. of Jamaica. Lat. 18. 27. N. Ion. 77. =5. W. Petley iVood, Sulfex, E. of Battle. Pe- ton, Shropf. near Corlham Caftle. Petrikcw, or Peterkau, a town of Siiidia, Poland. PETRiNiAr a fmail tovvn of Croatia. FctfiveU, Effex, near Ki^h Ongar. Pett, Kent, near Little Chart. Pf.ttapoily, a I'fA port on the coaft o\ Coiomandel, m the ciicar of Guntocr, P H A where the Dutch have a fa6tory. Lat. 15. 49. N. Ion. 80. 4.6. E. Petterel, a river in Cumb. running into the Eden, near Carlifle. Petterel'^Vrey^ Cumb. liy Pefieicl rivc-r and Inglcwood- Foreft. Pett //owyd", Kent, near Sevenoaks. Pettiroe, in Donegal, Ulfter. Pett-Le^cl, Sudex, S. of WInchelfea. Petton, Dcvonl. NE. o( Bampton. Petton^ Shrojd. near B.iggeley. Petts, Kent, near Charing. Petfi, or Pott's Court, Kent, near Bnpchiid. Pettycur, a haibour of Fifcfhire, about a mile diftant from Kinghorn, at the entrance of the Frith of Forth. It is the ufual landing-place of the pifTengers from Leith, on the oppoGte fliore. A ba- fin has lately been conllriifled herfi. ♦Petworth, a fmall town in Suffex. It is pleafantly featcd near the river Anm, 12 miles NE. of Ciiicliefter, and 49 SW. of London. Market on Saturday. Pe-venfey, or Pevijey, SulTex, SE. of Beachy-Head. It was anciently a famous haven, but is now accefllble only by fmall boats, that crowd up a little rill to it. Pever, a river in Chelhire, which rtins into the Weever, near Northwich. Pe-verel- Poitit, Di^rictf. by Swanwich-Bay. Pe- 'vi;igtof2, Kent, S. of Lenham, in Plnckley panlh. Pe^wet Ijland, Eflex, between Harwich and Gu;iflect. *Pe--wfey, Wilts, near Manningford. Pen.vjham Porejl, Wilts, near Chippen- ham. Pexhalli Chefhire, W. of Maccles- field. Peyfmore, Berks, SW. of Ilfiey. Peyton, Suffolk, in Boxford parlfh. Pezaro, Pesaro, or Pesano, a large town of Urbino, at the mouth of the Foglif<, on the Atlriatic. The ftreets are paved with bricks, and the harbour is ex- ctllcnt. The environs prodnce figs and olives, ivi»irh are in great eftimation. It is 15 miles NE. of Urbino. Pfafen'HOFFEN, a town of Upper Ba- varia, on the river Ilm ; and a town of the Upper Pahtinate j both in the circle of Bavaria : alfo a town of Wirtemburg, Suabia : and a town in the dept. of the Lower Rhine. Pfirt, or FoRETTE, a town in the dep;n the pioduce of the illand, in great plenty and comfort. Lar. 38. 29. N. Ion. 28. 21. W. Picoies, Herts, near Bi(hop-Stortford. Pidon, Chcfliire, on the Gowy, near Dela- mers Forelf. PiCTS WALi,,a famous barrier a gain ft the Pids, of which (ome fniall reuiams are yet left. It began at the entrance of Solway Frith, in Cumhti land, and running by Carlifle, was continued from W. to E. acryl's the N. end cf the knigdom, a* far P I G as Newcaftle, and ended at Tinniouth. It was fiift built of earth by the Emperor Adrian, in 123; Severus afterwards built it of (fone, with turrets tit every mile ; and ^tius. the Roman general, rebuilt it of brick, in 430. It was 8 feet thick and \% ^eet high. 'I here arc many Ro- man coins and othc;- antiquities found near it. Piddinghoe, Suflcx, near New^aven. Piddingtoii, E. of Duih..m. PitdingtOHy Oxf. SE. of Bicelfer. Piddle, 01 Trent, a river of Dorletf. dilcharging itlelt info the <'ea at Pool. Along this river are lituated Piddle Hinion, Piddle- Mujlertort, Piddle- Parva, Piddle Toivn, which had formerlv a market, Piddle Jrenthide, Sec. Pidle, Worcelferi. near Fladbury, on the b:inks of the Avon, about a mile E. of Perflwre. Pidle, North, E. of Woicelier. PidUy^ Huntingdonfliire, near S ■merrtiani. Piedmont, a principality ot Italy, bounded on the N. by the late Savoy ; on the E. by the duchies of Milan and Munt- ferrat; on the S. by the county of Nice, and the territory of Genoa j and on the W. by France, It was formerly a part of Loinb;.rdy, but now belongs to the king of Sardiiiin, and lies at the foot of the Alps. It is no miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It contains many high moun- tains, among which are rich and fruitful valk-ys, fertile and plet'.fant as any part of Italy. In the mountains are inine.s of fc- veral kinds, and the forefts afford a great deal of game. They carry on a great trade in law lilk ; and the country pro- duces alio plenty of corn, rice, wine, fruits, hemp, H.ix, auvl cattle. It contains a great number ot cities and towns, aln.oft united to each otlicr by villages. Tlarc are above 30 rich abhejs in Piedmom, belidts a great number of jiriorics, com- nianderies, and monnlleries. The princi- ' pal rivi-rs are thePo, the Tanaro, theStu- 'ria, and the Doria. Turin is the c.ipita! of this country, aid >>f all t!it doininiuns of the king of Sardinia. PiUNZA, a populous town of Tufcany- PlEPUS. See PkiPUS. Pi/rci field, Monm. near Chepftow. PtERRt Li'MouTiurc, Sr. a to-vn in the dept. of Nievre, leatcd in a b>>'toin, near a lake. It is 15 miles NNW. of Modlins, and 150 S. of Paris. PlKiiRE, St. a (■nail tUand near tlie roalt of Newloimilland, reded to the p-rench by tlie peace oi t76;, i'>v drying and cur- ing thfir fiOi. They were difpoficHcd of it by the En^lirti in i:'9j. La'. 46. 39. N, Ion- 56. o. W. Pigeon' IoL.iND, a linill ifiand about S nnlc« P I L 5? miles fiom the coaft of M-ihhnr, ancl 15 from tlie town of Oiiore: alio nn ifland near Ceylon, 10 tuiles N. of Trincomaie. FiiiTRO, St. nn idaiH SVV.of Sai'dinia. Pi^lwrn, Yorkflure, NW. of Doncaller. Piqio'/s, Siilltx, E. of PctwoiLli.' Pig- marjh, Smry, near Mircham. PiGNEROL, a fortified town of Pied- mont, 16 miles SW. of Turin. PiGMAN, atown in the department of Hcrault, 4. milts W. of Montpeliicr. F/\'yZ'fl//, Nor thumb. W. of Newcalllel Pi[^Jirget, Gloiicef. in tiie parlfii of Stan- ley-Kings. Pikale, Line. E. of SpaKl- ing. PiV'ury Gra/K^e, Derbyfliire, SW. of Bakewell. Pile 0/ Fou dray, Lancaf. near FoiirneCs and Walney llle. Pilbam, Line. S vV. of Kirton. Pilkini^ton and it's Park, Lanc.S.of B'lry, ?;7/,Cornw.SE.of Lclt- withiei. Pill, Dcvonf. near Yarnelconih. Pill, a fmali town of Somei letftiirc, Willi a road for iliipping, at the mouth of the Avon, about 4. nniies below Briliol. The moft beautiful and romantic prol'pec^ts are piefented in continual and ftriking chani^es, in navigating the intervening clunnel. Here rich plantations and beau- tihil lawns riii; upon the view j fertile fields sfui woods, in lome p^rts clothe the hills to tlifsr very fummits ; wiiiie in others, ihe lofty rocks rifmg .it once from the op- pofire fides of the river, prefent the awtul appearance of the moft iremendous picci- pices, and Icein to mock every artcmpt of art to reduce their liivage afpeft. Yet, at tlic bales of thefe precipitous rocks, along the banks of this extraordinary channel, where the river and tide find their linuous way through chafms and fifiures of the mountains, and where the largeft vc'ffcis appear diminutive from the gran- deur and fublimity of the fuirtninding fce- nery, the fcameii find the necelfury accom- modations for mooring, hauling, Sec. in the mafTive bolts and rings, which have been fixed in the rocks. Pill, Somerfetf. S. of Sheptot. Mallet, P Unmount ain, Cornwall, NW. of Ci antock S'. Michael. Pilland, Devonf. in Piiton parifh. PiUaton, Cornwall, by Liver river, SE. of St. Ives. Pillaton-HalL Staftord- fliire, between Pcnkridge and Cannock. PiLLAU, a lea port of Simland, Fruf- iia, fuuated at the entrance of the Frilch HafF. It is defended by ftrong, hand- Ibme, and regular fonificarions, and has a good harbour. VelTels of great burden take in their loading here, as there is not fufficient depth of water to carry ihem up loKonigfbcrg, from which it is diltant 23 Hiiles SW. Piil-BriJgey Somerl'. over the Ive!, near P I N Ilcliefter. Pillerton, Nfther amJ Ozrr, W;irwickr. SW. of Kington. Pilki'don, D'jrfetf. SW. of Bcminltcr. PilLl^ate, Northamptonniire, near Bnrghley-linuic, Pilley, Hants, in the New Forelt. Pillin^- Hall, and Mofs, Lancal. bet'/.een G uftang and the fca. In 17 + 5, a part of Pdling- Mofs was obferved to rile to a furprifing Iieight ; after a fliort time it funk as much below the level, and moved flowly towards the S. fide, and in half an hour's time it covered lo acres of land. A man going over the Mofs, eallward, when it began to move, perceiving, to his great aftoniih- ment, that the ground under his feet mov- ed fouthward, he turned back fpeedily, and efcapcd being fwallowed up. A fa- mily was driven out of their dwelling .'loufe, wliicli was quite furrounded and tiiiiiSling down. The improved land ad- joining that {>art of the mofs which mov- ed, was a concave, circular trail ot n^aily TOO acres ; and this was well nigh filled up with mols and water, to the depth, ic was thought in fome parts, of five yards, PilltoTU'i, in Wa-crford, Munlter. PiLSEM, a 'own of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fame name, particularly rich in (lieep. Piljley, Derbyshire, in the High Peak. Piljley, Derbyrtiirc, N. of Alfrcton. PiLSNA, a town of Smdomir, Poiand. PiLTEN, a town of Courland, capital of a fertile territory of the lame name. Piiton, Divoni'. adjoinuig Barnltaplc. Piiton, or Pilkton, Northamp. on the Nen, between Oundic and Thraplton. Piltoitf Rutland!', near Luff :iham. Piiton, So- merletfhire, 2 miles from Sliiptcn-Mallet. Pimpern, Dorfctl". a miles froniBiandiord} formerly of note as it gave name lo t!^e hundred. Pinbury, Gloucef. near Dun- tefbourn. PincbOesk, Lincoln!", on Bofton Dyke. Pinchehy, Cornwall, E. of Bod- min. Pine hingihorp- Hall, Yorkf. NE. of Stokefley. Pinckpolts, EiTex, near Ma- nenden. Pichpool, Gioucef. in Winrufh puilh. Pindale-End, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Pines, Devoniliire, near Exeter. Pines, Isle of, an illuid in the South Pacific Ocean, off the S. end of New Cale- donia, about 14 miles over, in a SE. and NW. direftion. It is high, and remark- able in the middle, being quite a pointed hili, doping toward the extremities, which are very low. The low land has many tall pine trees upon it. Lat. 21. 38. S, Ion. 167. 45. E. PiNHEL. a town of Btira. Piuhoo, Devonf. near Exeter. Pinl'e- vefs, 3 miles from Gloucelter. Pinlfy, Wurwickfljire, between Henley-in- Ai den z and P I s ■and Warwick. Pinley, Warwicknilre, SE. of Coventry. PiNNEBURG, a town and lord/hip cf Hulltein, Lower Saxony. PinneU, VV;hs, near Cain. Pinnenden, or Pickenden Heath, Kent, near Mnid- Itone. Pinner, Middlelex, x miles NW. of Harrow. Pinnock, Glouceftcrfhire, near Winchcomb. Pinnock, St. Corn- wall, S\V. of St. Neot's. Pinno'-wHiU, Yorkfliire, NW. of Kighley. • Pin OS, an uninliabited iiland, near the S. coaft of Cuba, mountainous and cover- ed with pines. It is 25 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, and abounds with ex- cellent paftures. Lon. 83. 10. W. PiSSK, 2 town of Brzefc, Ruflian Li- thuania, leated on a river ot the fame name. It was formerly a confiderabie place, hut has been almoft ruined by the Cofr;ick-'. Pinf-vxll, Gioucefterfhire, in Cubherley parifli. Pm'vin, Worcefterlhire, nearPer- fliore. Pinxton, Dcrbyfli. E. of Alfreton. PiOMBiNO, a fea-port, principality, and gulf of Tufcany. Pipe, N. of Hereford. Pipe, Warwick- (hiic, in the precinfts of Erdington. Pipe, Staftbrd/lure, NW. of Lichfield. Pipe- Hill, Statfonifhire, near Lichfield. PlPFR.NO, a town in the Campagna of Rome, 9 miles NNW. of Tcrracina. Pipleton, Worcelterfliire, near Pcrfhore. PiPLEY, a town of Bengal, 2z miles NE. of Balalbre ; a town cf Hindooftan, in the Baglana country; and a town of Hindaoltan, in the country of Berar. Pippenford, Sufiex, W. of Afhdown- Forelt. Pipzvell, Northamplonfliiie, N. of Roth well. PiquE MoNTVALLiER, the higheft mountain of the Pyrenees. It is in the form of a pike, and may be feen 50 miles off. Lat. 42. 51. N. lon. o. 22. W. PiRANO, a lea port of the late Venetian Iftria. Pirgo, Effex, near Havering-Bower. Piricroft, Warw. near Tamworth. Pirie, or Perj, a manor adjoining the city of Worceilei-. Pirie, or Pury Burr and Hall, Staffordfliire, SE. of Weft-Bromwich. PiriioH, or Pirton, Hertford (hi re, W. of Ickieford, and NW. of Hitchin. PiRiTZ, a town ofPrufllan Pomerania. Pirton, Oxfortliliire, near Watliiigton. Pirton, Worcerterfhire, W. of Perlhore. Pirton, or Pcr/o/, Gloucelferlliire, a ham- let to Churchdown. Pirton, Glouct fter- fhire, in Lidney parifli. Plrton-Paffage, Gloucctterf. over the Severn, to Berkeley. Pisa, an. ancient, large, and handfome city of Italy, in Tuicuny, and capital of PIS the Pifano, with a univerlity. T!ie tovrn is leated on the river Arno, at a lir.iil dd"- tance Irojn the lea, in a very fertile plain. That river runs through Pifa, and over it are three bridges, of which that in the middle is conltruQed with marble. The city does not contain at prefent abore 16,000 inhabitants, although they were computed formerly at 100,000; and grals is faid to grow in the principal Ifreet.s. The cathedral is a magnificent ftrutlnre,. and on the right fide of the choir, is the leaning tower, fo much talked of. The Grand Duke's palace, and the exchange, are magnificent buildings, vvoi tli notice. The Pilans were formerly a fiee, com- mercial people, and msiniained long and bloody wars againlt the Florentines, who at lait iubdued them. The neigbbour- iiood of Leghorn, formerly cf littie or no trade, but now the cl.ief port in tiie Mcdi- tc.ranean, has contributed greatly to the decay of Pifa. It is 10 miles N. of Leghorn. Lat. 43. 43. N. Ion. lo". 17.E. Pisa NO, a territory of Italy, and one of the fined countries in 7 ufcany. It lies along the Meditcrriiuiran Sea, and is about 47 mdes in length, and 25 in breadth. PiSCATAWAY, or PlSCAlAqUAY, a river ot New Hampfliire, N. Ammca, the mouth of which forms the only port in that Hate, and is 60 miles N. ol Bolton; alfo a town of Vircinja. Pisco, a town cf Peiu, in the audience of Lima, with a road well Ihdtertd Irom the ulual winds, and capacious enough to hold a royal navy. Here are abcut 509 families, among wliom there aie icv* whites. It is feated in a country fertile in excellent fruits and good wine, which thty fend lo the rell of the Spanifli lettlements. It is about a inUe from the lea, and 110 SSE. ot Lima. PiSELLO, the mod northt-rn cr.pe cf Natolia, in Afia, which projects into the Blick Sea, oppofite the Crimea. Pisford, Nonhamptonf. between North- ampton and Hariiorough. PiSHOUR. See Peishoke. PiJshiU, or Pitjhill, Oxfordlhire, SE. of Britweli. Pijjingford Bridge, Etlex, over the Roding, near Stapleford. Pijfock, Kent, near Rodmerfliam. PiSTOTA, a h.mdioine and confiderable town of Tulcany, wiih a biOiop's fee. There are 27 churches, and 26 convents, behdes palaces ; the ftreets are large and . the houfcs generally well-hiiiit; but not- wiihftanding this, it isalmolt dcfcrted, in comparifon of what it was formerly ; for there are now only 5000 inhabitants, Tlitie are loaded with taxes, and moltly Very. P I z very poor. Here is an Academy of Sci- ciicis, foiinclcd in 17+5. If is I'e-ued near tlic river Stt-ll 1, 20 miles NVV. ot Florence. Fijlre, Suffolk, nc-ru- I.udlirtin. PiTCAiTLY Wkm.s, f.iliiie fprlngs, nt:!! Perth, in ScJllaiid, wliulc waicrs are deemed benefirinl in (corbutic cnl'es. Pitckcomh, Glouctftt-rf. near P.iiniwick. Pitcbley, Nortliamptool". S. of Ki;ttering. Pitcomh, Sumcrf. E. of Caftk-C^ry. Pit- fall, Upper anil Loiver, Surry, NW. of H illcnitic. Fitfield'sFory, ElVcx, over the Lei, by Waltham- Abbey. Pith E A, a fea-port of W. B)thri!a, fsateJ at the nnuth of a river uf tlie fiine naiiu, 80 miles iJW. of Tonua. Lat. 65. 18. N. PilUfJen, Kent, near Terterdcn. Pit- mead, Wilts, near Waniiiftfter. P'ltmif- ter, Sointrfetlhire, S- of Taunton. Pitney, Svimencllhire, VV. of Somerton. PiTSCHEN, a town of Brifg, Silefia. Pilfe'/, EiTex, in Little BraJfield- Pit- fey, liu'cx, E. ot Vange-Hal!, near Nortli- l>enfle.-'t, gives name to a creek of tiie Th.'-uies. PiTSHOUR. See Peishour, PitjloH, Bucks, near Ivingo. Pitt, Hnnijilhire, NW, of Wincheder. PiTTF.NWEEM, a Tea- port of Fifefhire, featcd on the N. C'Jift eft he Frith of Forth, SI miles NE. of Edinburgh. Pitt on, Wiitlhire, between Winteiflow and Cl.ircMdon Park. Pn TSBURGii, or Fort-Pitt, a town of Pc.infylvania, beautifully fituated on the vvciter'i fult of tl.e Alleganv mountains, on a puint of land near the coifluence of the rivers Alkg:"iy and Monuni;ahela. The town is laid out on Willia-: Penn's plan J is a thoroughfare for the vali num- ber cf travellers iiom tbeeaftcrn and mid- die rtares to the fottlenients on theOhio^ •and increafes giea:ly. This was formerly the French tort Du Qnefne, but was aban- dootd by their tr. < ps in 1758, on the ap- proach of Gtreial Forbes, and it's name ciianged to that of Pitt, in honour to the illultiious miniiter by whom the war was then diiedvU. At tiiis pbce, the Alle- gany fiil^ takes tlie name of Ohio. It is 310 miles W. of Phiiaddphia. Lat. 40. a6. N. 1. n. 79, +8. W. P//iZ'^«_g-o% Mi'tdlelcx. SE.o) Perriwale. PiURA, a town and juriidiclionof Tiux- illo, Piru. Fi.xnm, near Woiccfter. Pi.x.'O'i, So- nurlttiitirt, near Tauntcjn. PizziGHiTOME, a town in the Cremo- iiel'e. Pi/.zo FcRRATO, a rjwn of Abiuzzo Citra. P L A Pi7.7,o Di GoTTO, a town of Demona, Sicily, 6 miles S. or Melazzo. Place- Houfe, Kent, near Greane Ifland, Pi.ACENriA,a fea-pirtofN. America, in Newtoundland, with an excellent har- bour, greatly frequented by fliips employ- ed in the cod filheiy. Near it is the Gr:at Strajid, a di ying place for fifti, lyin^ be- tween two very ifeep hills, large tnonsjh to dry (i(b fiilficitnt to load threefcorc vciTcls. There is alio anotlier called the Little Strand. It is ("cated on a bay on ;he S. part of the illand, in lat. 47. 15. N. Ion. 55. 10, W. Placenza, a populous town of Italy, capital of a tkicliy of the fame name, with a birtiop's fee, and a citadel. The public buildings. Iquares, lireeis, and fountains, arc beautiful. It contains, V)efides the ca- thedral, 1 collegiate, iz parochial, and 38 other chuiches i 8 abbeys, 16 convents, and a univerfity; with about 20,000 inha- bitants. It is pleafantly feated in a well- cultivated country, on the river Po, it iniles aw. of Parma. Pi-ACtNZA, The Duchy of, ex- tends about 30 miles from N. to S. and from 8 to 15 from E. to W. and is poli- tically included in the duchy of Parma. It is very fertile arid populous, arid con- tains mines of iron, copper, and vitriol, vvirh fait i'prings, froui which they make very white lait. It's principal rivers are the Tre'r^ia and Nurra. Plairfeld, or FairfieLl, Somerfetf. near Qujiite'cks-Heads, Plaintnelltr, North- umteil. near Ha twefei. Plaijio-iv, EITex, in the parilh ol Welf-Hain. Plaijloiv, Kent, near Bromley. Plaijio-iv, SulTex, luar Michclham Park. Pi:ners, or Pal- fers, Kent, in Slioreham p.irilh, Planiez, an illand ntar Marfeilles. Plunke,QX Plankejordy Northumberland, S. of Belimgham. PXANO, an ifland in the bay of AHcanr. PicrJ^ck, S'-.uT. E. of Forron. Plnjhf, Shropl. between Aillreiion and Weiiiock. PtASENCiA, a town ot S^iaiiifli Eltra- madiira, feated ofttliiC rivei Xera, 95 miles WSW. of Midrid. Plasentia, a town of Guipufcoa. Plassendal, a fortrefs 3 miles E. of Oltend. Plassey, The Plains of, in Hin- dooftan Proper, and in the foubah of Ben- gal, diftant freirn Moorniedaiiad about 25 milts S. and from C:^lcutta 70 N. Near this place. Colonel Clive, in 1757, defeat- ed tlie va(t aiiny of the nabob Surajah Dowlah ; a rtiSlory vsiiich laid the found'- ation of the prefcnt e.xtenfive Britilh em- pire in India. Plata, P L E Plata, on ifland on the coaft of Quito, in Peru, furrounded by inaccefTible rocks, and about 5 miles long, and 4. broad. Plata, a rich and populous town of Peru, capital of the province of Los Char- cas, with an audience. It has mines of iilver, which they have left ofr working, fiuce thofe of Potofi have been dilcovertd. It is fi;ated on the river Chiniao, 500 miles S£. of Cufco. Lat. 19. 16. S. Ion. 63. 4.0. W. Plata, or Rio-de-la-Plata, a laige river of S. America, which is form- ed by tiie union of the three great nvers Paraguay, V^^raguay, and Parana. It was difcovered in 1515, by Juan Diaz de Solis, a Spanifli na.vigr(tor, who imprudently go- ing afliore with 10 men, they were all murdered by thefavagcs. It croflVs Para- guay, and enters the Southern Ocean, in lat. 35. S. It is 150 miles broad at it's mouth i at Monte Video, above 100 miles higher up the river, the land is not to be dilcerned on either flsore, when a velfel is in t!ie middle of the channel, and at Buenos Ay res, 200 miles higher Hill, the oppolite Ihore is not to be difcerned from that town. This river abounds \yith furprif- ing plenty and variety of fiih, and the water is clear, fvveet, and wholefome. It fometimes overflows it's banks, and fer- tilizes the adjoining lands like thole of Egypt. Plata, La, a province and archbi- fliopric of S. America, in the governincjjt .of Buenos Ayres. It is divided into 14 jurifdiiftions, and is fnuated on both fides the river Plata, extending 200 leagues from N. to S. and jco from E. to W. Xiie country is greatly infelled by ferpcnts. Platfom', Hants, NW. of VVhorwell. Platfoni, Wiltfliire, E. of Downton. Plauen, or Plan, h town of Meck- lenburg; a town in the Vogtland, and a town of Schwaitzburg ; l)i>th in Upper Saxony ; and a {own in the Middle Marche, Brandenburg. Plaufivcrtk, a colliery a miles and a lialf from Durham. Plaxtoole, Kent, 3 miles SW, of Wrothum. Plajford, Suf- folk, near Woodhrldge. Pleadm, Sufl'cx, N. of Rye., Plealey, Shropshire, VV. of Condover. Pleajley, Derhyfhire, N VV . of Mansfield. Pledtc-deny ov Prifon I{it/l,ElL- fex, in Henham paiifh, near C'lavering. Plemjlon, Cheihire, on theGowy, N,W. of Tarven. Plkscof. See Pscof. Ple/li Bridge, Cornwall, between Lefkard and Launcclfon, Plfjlut-P.irky Suflex, NE. of Lewes. Plefl, but is U-lel'ore the memorable year 1772, when a parti- tion of the country, projefted by the king; d.^ PrufFia, was elfefted by that monarch, i.T conjun£lion with the emprels of RulFu, and iviiria Tlierela, emprels of Germany, By this partition, Gitat Poland, Polifh PrufTia, (the cities of Dantzic and Thorij excepted) and part of Lithuania, were an- nexed to Prufiia ; Little Poland and ReJ RulTia, to Auftria ; and tiie remaining-, and greafer part of Lithuania, Courland, Poleha, Podolia, Volhinia, and the pala- tinate ot Kio!, were feized by Rufiia, fb that only Samogitia, Madovia, and Podla- chia, were left to conftiiute the kingdom ot Poland. Of thct'e dilmembered coun- tries the Ruffian part is the largcft, the Aufliian the molt populous, and the Pruf- tian the inoft commercial. The popula- tion of the whole amounts to near 5,000,000; the firit containing 1,500,000, the ftccnd, a- 500,000, and the third, 860,000. Tile three partitioning powers, moreover, fcrcil)ly etfci'^ed a great change in the conftitution. By this all foreign candidates frr iheeleflive throne otPi>|jr.tl, are excluded; none can be chofen king of Poland, and great duke of Lithuania, in futuie, liut a native Pole ; the !i)n or giand- fon of a Jiiiig cannot be eUiled immcdi- POL POL ately upon the death of his father or grand- liver their country from it's oppreflbrj, lather, nor he tligible till after nn interval and they were at firft fuccefifiil; hut the ot two rciyns; and the jjerniantnt council brave Kofciufko being taken priloner, and iseftabliflieii. in whicli the txecutive power liis army defeated, no farther cfforti were is vetted. By this cliange the houfe of made. Kofciufko was carried into Rulfia, Saxony, and all foreign princes, who might and the king formally refigned his crown be likely lo give weight to P.;land by their at Grodno, in 1795. Since then the coun- hereditary doininioiis, are rendered inca- try has undergone a farther partition, and pable of filling the throne; die fainteft is now entirely I'wallowed up by tlie rapa- piolpeft ot an hereditary lovereignty is city of the dividers of the fpoil. Poland removed; the exorbitant privileges of the therefore is at prefent a country ,^lnit no equertrian oider are confiiined in their ut- nation; and the indignant Pole, in review- moft latitude; artd the jjieiogitives of the ing it's palt hiflory and prefent ftate, may crown, are (till further diminiflied. In fay with a figli, " Such things were." — 1791, the king and the nation, in con- By the conflitniion of 1772, the Romifli currence, ajmolt unanimoully, and with- religion is declared the eftabiifhed ; but out any foreign intervention, elfabliflied although the DifTidents continue excluded another couflitution. By this the broils from the diet, the fenate, and tlie perma- of an ele.^ive monarchy, by which Pohmd, nent council, they are capable of fitting in on aiinod every vacancy of the tlnone, liad the interior courts of jultice, and enjoy the been involved in the calamities of war, free exercife of their religion. The uni- were avoided, the throne being declared verfities of Puland, are Cracow, Wilna, hereditary in the iioufe of Saxony. The and Pofen. The air is generally cold, and rights and privileges of all orders in the they have but little wood ; however, it republic, (the king, the nobles, the citi- yields fuch plenty of grain, that near 4000 zens, and the peafants,) were alike equi- vefTels and floats, moft of which are laden fably confulred. In a word, it was not, vvith corn, annually pais down the Viftula on the one hand, the haughty defpot die- toDantzic: 8oor900oo oxenare alfoJriven lating a conltitution to his people, nor on every year out ot Poland. They have a the otiier, a proud arillocracy, or a mad large quantity of leather, furs, hemp, flax, democracy, that wrefted from their fove- faltpctre, honey, wax, and mines of fait of reign his juft prerogatives; but it was the great depth, out of which they dig rock- univerial wifli of the nation, the lentiment fait. The principal rivets are the Dnie- ihat infpired which, was univerfal happi nets. A few of the nobility, however, difcontented at the iacrifices of foine of their privileges, repaired to the court of RulUa ; and th.eii reprtlcntations coticur- ring with the ambitious views of the em- prels, fhe fent an army into Poland, under pretence of being guarantee of the conllitu- jion of 1773. Her interference was too powerful to be rehded, and this new con- per, the Viftula, the Bug, the Dniemen, the Dneiffer, and the B(.'g. Warfaw is the capital. Po/Orook, Northamp. by Oundle. Pol- der''s Farm, Kent, near Suidwich. Pole, Cumberl. S. of Penrith. Pole, Kent, in Southfleet. Polehill, Herts, E. of Hodlbn. PoLERON, one of the ipice iflands in the Indian Ocean, producing nutmegs, and till lately held by the Dutch. It is Ititution was overthrown. But the prin- 60 miles S. of Cerain. cipal objei"^ for which the RufTnm army PoLESiA, a name given to the palatl- entered Poland was not yet attained. The nate of Brzefc, in Lithuania. emprefs had i)lanned, iu conjunilion with POLESINO-DE-Rovico, a diftrifl in the king of PrufTia, a fccond partition of the ci-devant territory of Venice, between this unhappy country, which a^uaily the Ferrarefe and Paduan. It is about 41 took place in 1793. By this the emprels miles in length, and la in breadth, and obtained nearly the remaining pare of Li- very fertile in corn and paftures. Rovigo thuani;<, with the palatinates of Podolia, is the capital. Kiof, and Bratzlaw. Belide the voiwod- Po/^-ct-or^A, Warwickfhire, SE.of Tam- Jhipi, or provinces of Pofen, Gnefen, Ka- worth. Polgrfen, Cornwall, 4 miles W. lifh, Siradia, VVielun, Lcntl'chltz, Cuja- of St. Columb. Po/Z'^;7///c«, Hampfliire, via, Doorzyn, Rawa, part of Plotfk, &c. E. of Overton. Polharma,CornwM,SW. with the city and monaftery of Czentfto- of Leftwithiel. kow (the Loretto of Poland) and it's rich PoLiCANDRO, an ifland in the Archi- treafures, the king of PrulTia obtained the pelago, and one of the Cyciades ; about 20 great obje6l of his wiflies, the cities of miles in circumference. The inhabitants Dantzic and Thorn. Some attempts were are very poor, there being only a few vil- maJe, by a tew patriotic nobUiwen, to de- lages and a caftle, but n* harbour; and POM the furface, in general is rocky. It lies between Milo, Sikino, Pares, and Anii- paros . PoLiCASTRO,a town and gulf of Prin- cipato Citia. PoLiGNANO, atownofBari, Naples, fealed near the fea. PoLiGNi, a town in the department of Jura, 1 6 miks SW. of Dole. , Poling, Siifl'ex, SE. of Arundel. Poltng- ton, alictlc N. of Dsrchefter. '' PoLizzi, a town ot Mezzara, Sicily. ' Po//'^r>'^/, Cornwall, near Fowey. Pol- Ungton, York/hire, near Snaitli. POLLOCKSHAWS, a confiderable manu- facturing town of Renfrevviliire, featcd on the river White Cart. Polmarique, Cornwall, E. ofPadftow- Haven. Polmere^ Cornwall, at the bottom of Trewardreth Bay. Polnatriy or Polru- nn, Cornwall, E. of Fowey Haven. Polomorgan, Cornwall, S. of Bodmin. Polo RE, a town of Hindooilan, in the Carnatic. Polotsk, a town and government of Ru/Iia, in Lithuania, on the Dima, i68 miles SE. of Riga. Polperry, Cornwall, a harbour between two hills, W. of Killagarth, liy Talland Point. Polres, Kent, in Harhledown parlfh. Polrudden, Cornwail, W. of Tre- w,»rdreth-Bay. Polfden, Surry, near Mickk'ham and LeatherheaJ. Pol/grave, Hants, between Fareham and Portlmoutli. Pol/ham, Somerletrhire, SW. of V/ells. Pollted, Suffolk, SW. of Ha in France, near the illand of If. POMER.ANIA, a province of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, with the Title of a duchy. On tiie N. it has the Baltic, on the E. Pomcrelia, and on the W. Mecklenburg. One part of it btlcngs ,to the king of Pruifia, and the other to the SwedtS. It is watered by feveral rivers, of which the Oder, the Pcne, the Rega, the Pcrlanet, the Wipper, the Stolp, and the Lebo, are the molt coaGderabie. The air is pretty cold, but compenfated by tlie fer- tility of the foil, winch abounds in pal- tures and corn, of which a great deal is tranfported into foreign countries. Tlie gecfe are remarkably liirge; and in general, the dried Pomsj-anian gecle, hams, faul- PON ages, and falmon, pafs for the baft in Ger- many. It is a flat country, containing many lakes, woods, and forefts, and has feveral good harbours, particularly Stetiu and Siralfund ; about 250 miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It is divided by the Oder, into the Hither and Farther Pome- raniaj and the river Pene, for a confidcr- able part of it's courfe, divides the terri- tories, of Sweden and Pruffia in this duchy, Stettin is the capital of the Pruflian part, and Straifund of the Swedifti. POMERELiA, a late diltri6l of Poland, having PrufTia on the E. Pomerania on the W. the Baltic on the N. and Poland on the S. It has been lately feized by the king of Prnflia, and now forms a part of Southern PrufTia. Dantzick and Stargard are the principal places. Pomeroy, in Tyrone, UKler. Pomona. See Mainland. Ponallon, Cornw. E. of Bofcaltle. Por.3^ Cornwall, near Plymouth. Pond, Middi. NE. of Houndow. Pander's. End, Middl. in Enfield parl(h, on the banks of the New River, near Edmonton. PoN'DESTURiA, a town of Mojitferrat. PoNDiCHERRY, a town of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Coromandel, 75 miles S. of Madras. In 1693 it was taken by the Dutch, who erected 7 regular baftions, and rendered it one of the moft complete for- treJTss in India. It was ceded to the French by the treaty of Ryiwick, in 1697, who made it the chief (cat of their Ealt l.Mia Company, The Engllfh took it in 1761, and deltroyed the fonifications, but reitored it to the French by tlie treaty of Paris, in 1763. In 1793 it was agaia taken by the Engldh. Lat. 11. 56. N. Ion. 80. o. E. PoNDico, a fmall uninhabited ifland of the Archipelago. 2 miki; N. of Negropont. Pond Street, Middlclex, near Hamp- itcad Ponds. PONFERRADA, a town of Lcon. PonglUl, PoJhUl,ov Poki:l, Devcnfhire, N. of Ciediton. Pons, a town in the department of Lower Charente, with a mineral fpring, 10 miles SSii). of Saintes. Po.NS, St. a town in the dept. of He- rault, fcated in a valley, wherein arc fine marble quarries, 24 miles NW. of Nar- bonne. Pons Belli, Yo\V.(\\\rs,'E. Riding, near Aldby. P(?«y>^«/^>', Cumbetland nearGof- (orrh, by the river Calder. Pont, a nvcr in Nortluiniherland, running into the ka at Blytlif's Newk. PoNT-A MoussON, a confiderable town in the dept. of Mturtlu. It h.id once M yj a univeifity, PON a univerfity, which was removed in 1768 to N.mcy. It is lcatt(l on the river Mo- idle, wliicli (tiviilrs it into two pails, ix n)iles NNW. of Nancy. Pont-Arliek, a town in the depart- ment (j( Doubs, leatcd on the river Doubs, near Mount Jura. Pont Audemer, a town in the de- parttncnt ot Eure, 13 miles N W. ot Lou- viers, ani! 85 NW. ot Paris. Pom r de-Ce, atown in tlie department of Maine and Loire, ("eated on the river Loire, J miles from Angers, and 178 SW. oi Paris. Pont DE l'Arche, a town in the de- partment 01 Eiire, 5 miles N. ot Louviers, and 61 NW. ot Paris. Pont-DE-Vaux, atown in the depart- ment oi' Ain, leated on the river KetTotnc, 16 miles NW. of Bourg-en-Biefte. Pont-de-Vesle, a town in the depart- ment: of Ain. It has a manui.»i5lory of ftufFs called Augiiftines, and aifo of tape- itry for the coverings of arm-chairs and i'ofas, of the fame kind as thole of Aubuf- i'ott. It is feated on the river Vtlle, ix miles NNW. of Bourg. Pont-du-Gard. Sec Gard. PoNTE-DE Lima, a town of Douro, Portugal, feated on the river Lima, i ;} ir.iles NW. of Braga, and 190 N. of Lif- bon. PONTEBA, or PONTE IMPERIAL, a town of Carinthia. PoNTEBA Veneta, a town of Friuli. PONTEFRACT, or PoMFRET, a town in the W. Riding of Yorklhire, lituated at tjie conflux of the Are and the Dun. It is fituated in a rich foil, and is noted for ifs nurfery grounds, and large plantations of licorice. It's calUe, now in ruins, has bten the fcene of various tragical events in the Englilh hiltory. Kichard II. after be- •jng depoied, endeti his days here ; and here Anthony, Earl of Rivers, and Su' Richard Grey, were murdered by Richard III. It is 2z miles SSW, of York, and 175 KNW. of London. A great fhow of jhoik's begins on February 5. Market on Saturday. Fonttjbury, and FontesforJ, Shropftiire, on the Mele, SW. of Shrewlbury. ■ Ponte-Stur.-\, a town of Montferrar, at the confluence of the Stura and Po. Ponte-Vedra, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feated almoft at the mouth of the river Ltris; famous for it's hfhery of far- dins (a kind of pilchards) which makes it's principal riches. PoN r-GiBAUT, a town fn the dcpart- raentof Piiy-de-Dome. Near tliis place is ^!;c village of Rore, witii a filver tinne, and PON a vinous fountain of mineral water. ]t is 10 miles WNW. of Clermont. Pontiland, ov Pont-Eland, Northumber- land, 6 miles NW. of NewcnUle. PONTIPRIETHE. Ste TaaFE. > PoNTiVY, a fmall town in the depart- ment of Morbihan, feated on the river Blavet. Pont-l'Eveque, a town in the dept. of Calvados, feated on the river Touque, lo miles N. of Lifieux. PoNTOisE, a town in the department of Seine and Oife, taken by the Engliili in 1345, by a fingvdar itratagem. The ground being covered with Inow, the aflTail- ants drtfl'ed themfelves in while, with ladi tiers painted white, and fcaled the walli before the centinels could perceive their approach. Charles VII, retook it b^ ftorm in 1442. It is built in the form of an amphitheatre, and is feated on the rivers Oifc and Vitnne, 17 miles NW. ot Paris. Pont Orson, a town in the depart- ment of the Channel, feated on the river Coefnon, 20 miles SSE. of St. Malo. Pont-Remoli, a town of Tufcuiy. Pont St. Esprit, a fmali, ill built town in the dppt. of Gard. It is feated on the river Rhone, over which is a line Hone bi idgc, built in the middle of the thirteenth century; it conlilU of 19 great, and 4 Iniall arches. The extreme iighinels of the (frudfure, compared with the depth, rapidity, and width of the river, filK the mind with aftonithment. To facilitate the pafiage of ttie water in time of floodSf apertures have been made througl'. each pier, about 6 feet above the commun level of the river ; and to leflen the extreme ra- pidity of the Rhone, the bridge is not built in a right line, but in the term of a curve. Pont St. Efprit is 17 miles S. of Viviers. Pont St. Maxence, a town in the department of Oife, feated on the river One, 5 miles N. of Senlis. Pont-sur-Seine, atown in the de- partment of Aube, feated on the river Seine, 4 miles NNE. of Nogcnt-fur- Seine, and 55 SSE. of Paris. Pont-sur-Yonne, a town in the de- partment of Yonne, feated on the river Yonne, 8 miles NNW. of Sens. PONTYPOOL, a town of Monmouth- fliire, feated on the river Avon, whlcli turns feveial mills for the workh-g ot iicn plates. It is noted for a manufailory of japanned ware. It is 15 miles SW. of Monmouth, and 146 W. by N. of London, Market on Situida)'. PoNT-Y Priod. See Taafe. Poxz,\, oiPoNTiA, a final I i (land on the POO the coaft of Naples, in tlie Gulf of Gaeta, belonging to liie duciiy ot Parma. ♦Pool, a town ot Dorletfbiie, fitu- ated upon a peninliih projeftiiig into a ca- pacious bay, blanching into many creeks, and forming fcvcral idands. The haibour is one ot the belt in the Channel for mer- chant (hips, admittino veiTels of 400 tons burden up to the qu;»y, and the ground is every where foh. Poo! role firft into con- fequence, when the ancient town ot VVare- ham fell to decay. It now ranks pretty high among theEnglifti fea-ports, and it's trade and pijpu;ation are rapioiy increafing. Two hundred and thirty lail ot ftiipping, burden 21,301 tons, and employing about 1500 men, belong to this port. Ot the/e, about 140 iliips arc employed in the to- reign trade, and the remainder in coading and fifliing. The principal branch of bu- fmels here is the Newfoundland fifhery. It alio fends fliips to the Baltic, Norway, America, Portugal, Greenland, &c. and has a fine coalting trade, pariiculaily in corn and coals. The cuftoms, in 1770, amounted to 13,7471. Near the mouth of the harbour is an oyller bank, from which vaft qu-.mtities are carried, to be fattened in the crteks of Eflcx and the Thames. It is 40 miles VVSVV. of Win- chefter, and 105 SW. of London. Mar- kets on Monday and ThuiTday. Pool, Devonftiire, In Tiverton parifli. Pool, Cornwall, in Minlietioit pari/li . Pol, Yorkfliire, E. of Or!ey. Pool, or Pole- Cains, Wiltflivre, NE. ot Malmtbiiry. Poole. See VVelshpooi.. PoaUs, Chediire, 3 town/hips N. of Namptwich. Poolcy, Wedmorl. a village at the foot of Ul lei water. Pool Hall, Che- fliire, N. of Stanney. Pool-Houfe, Elfex, NW. of Mapleftcd. Pool, South, Devon (". in Slapton parifli. Pooh-HoU, Derby/hire, in the Peak, near Buxton. Pootj, War- wickshire, near Poiel'worth. Poolhank, Weitmoriand, in Ciolth.vaite pardh, 6 miles from Kendal. Here is a reiiiarkable cavern, called Fairy Hole, from which a Itream of water iilues after a tall of rain. Poo N AH, a tosvn of Hindooftan, in Vifiapour, capita! of the Weltern Mah- rattas. It is fmall and meanly built, and is 30 miles E. of the Gaiits, and 100 SE. of Bombay. Lat. x«. 30. N. Ion. 73. 55- i:.. Poonif/gSy or Pojnings, SulTex, E. of Stening. POORANDAR, a fortrcfs of Vifiapour, Hindooftan, where the archives of govern- ment are kept. It is feateii on a mountain, 7-0 miles SSK. of Pooiiah. PooR-HcAU, a b jjd and lofty cape, POP nesr Kinfale-Harbour, in Cork Munfter. Poor/lock, Dorierfliire, N. of Bridport. Poorton, N. and ^.Dorfetl". near Beminfter. Pooton-La7ice!ot, Chefhire, near Kaltham. POPA MaDRE. SeeMADREDEPoPA. PoPAYAM, 3 province of Terra Firma, wafhed on the W. by the South Sea, and bounded on the E. by New Granada, and by Quito on the S. it is about 440 miles long, and from 70 to 240 broad. The temperature and foil vary accordmg to the lituation of the country, in the plains, or on the fides of the mountains. In fome places it is rather cold ihan hot, and in others the reverie; while at Popayan, the capital, there is a perpetual fpring through- out the year. In general, the foil pro- duces a great abundance of grain and fruits, and breeds valt numbers of cattle and fheep, fome of wliich are fold in the towns, and others are driven to Qiiito. Popayan is one of the belt trading coun- tries in Terra Fama. It has a tranhtory commerce with Carthagena, when the gal- leons arrive there: as alio with Qnito, fending horned cattle and mules, and re- ceiving cloths and baize in return. It'i active commerce conlifts in dried beef, faked pork, roll-tobacco, hogllard, rum, cotton, ribbons, and other fmall wares. Popayan, the capital of the province of^ the fame name, is the conftant refidenci ef the governor, who is always chief ma- giftrate or corregidor. The magifhacy, or corporation, as in all other cities of this country, conlifts of regidores, who are per- fons ot diltindion, with the corregidor at their head; and from them are annually cholen two ordinary alcadts. for maintain- ing order in the city. Popayan is the fee of a bifhop, and contains iifvera! convents and a univerfity. The inhabitants are- about 25,000. It \s 190 miles NNE. of Qiiito. Pope, Dominions of the, or the Ecclesiastical State, a country ot Italy, bounded on the N. by the territoriet of Venice ; on the E. by the Adriatic \ out the SE. by the kingdom of Naples ; anJ on the S. and SVV. by the Mediterranean, Tulcany, and Modenti ; extending from SW. to NE. 240 miles, and about 60 lu it's mean" breadth. It is divided into the- following provinces: the Cimpagiia of Rome; St. Peter's Patrimony; Umbria, or Spoleto ; Aiicona ; Urbino; Romai^nai the Bolog'.iefe; the Ferraielej the Orvie- tan; Sabina ; duchy of Calho ; county of Cillello ; and ferritQiy of Perugia. Sume authors I)aveobferved,^ihat coniidtring the pope's dominions gentrally coiifilt of a fer- tile and excelk-nt toil ; lhi»t hi* habours, M m i u:?h POP both on tlie GuH of Venice and tlie MetU- ttnancm, are advantageonlly lituattd for trade; that he receives confiderable (urns ivom Spain, Germany, &c. which might be liippolLd t(; hv,- no linill cafe to his lub- jciblsi th-it liis country is vifited by fo- reii^nirs of di(tin6tion, who caiil'e much weahh to circul.ite ; the pontifical govern- ment Icenis well calculated for the happi- r.el's, and the country might be luppoled to be very fionrilhinp;. But the very re- verie of this is tiie cat'e. Tiie coimtry is ill cultivated, and thin of inhabitants, the Bolui^fnt fe alone excepted. Trade and ma- iuilai;birc3 are but littk- encouraged ; and were it not for the fertility of the foil, which iiirnifhes the inhabitants with dates, figs, alniunds, olives, and other fruits, vvhich grow fpontaneoufly, the indolence of the inhabitants is fuch, that they would be abfolutely Itarved. This indolence is not wonderlul, fince thty know, that the' more they acquire, the more will be de- luandt-d of them. Their numerous holi- days are great impediments to the exertions of indutlry ; and the number of young (turdy beggars, who ftroll about as pil- grims, inllead of increafing the common Itock. by their iiidultry, lie as a dead weight on their fellow- fubjeifs. Various other cutles might be mentioned, as the multi- tilde of ho(-pit?.ls and convents ; the incon- ceivable wealth vvhich lies ufelels in thefo convents, and in tlu- churches ; the inquifiti- on, and the rigour of the papal government. Hence it is, that in no part ot Europe are to be found people more wretched than the pope's fubjeOts. The pope, according to xlie ancient canon law, is the fupreme, univcrfal,and independent head of the church, and inveitfd with fovereignty over all Chrirtian fovereigns, communities, and iiTUivHluals. • His arrog-tnt pretenfions are io well known, that it is necdlei's to expa- tiate upon' tTiem. The reformation begun by Luther diipelled the delulion in many p>jrts of Europe; and the prcgrefs of learningi and ihe.fpirit of free enquiry, lias enlightened inany cven of the-Romi:'h countries, wiierc the papal ^)olitical lyftem 15 treated' with contempt. The^ origin of this md»rti*ous ufurpation, winch for ages held' the Cl:riliian world in the moft de- grading fubjettion, belongs more properly to ecclcfialticai hiftoiy. The pope has the title <;f Hoiy Father and Holinefs, and he is clet>ed, at every vacancy, from among the cardinals, each of whom is Ifyled l/is Emi- a'incc -J and their number was fixed by -Sixtus V. at 70, 1-^- this number is i'eldom c Tiplete. Every nation of the Ronjan Citliolic religio.n has a caxdinal for it's FOR proteffor. Befide the ecclefialtical ft ate, the pope is poffeircd of the duchy ofBene- vento, in the kingdom of Naples, worth about 6000 crowns a year. The annual revenue of the pope is computed to be 8,700,000 fcudi, or upward of 2,ooO;OOol. fterling. This pontiff bears arms, and, as an emblem of his paftoral office, the cro- zier, or ciook, forms a part of the infignia. His military force is inconfiderable. His body-guard confifts of 40 Swifs, 75 cuiraf- fiers, and 75 light horfe. His naval force confifts of a few gailies, Ifationed at Civita 'Vecchia. Rome is the capital. PopERiNGUE, a town of Flanders county, on a river of the fame name, 6 miles NNW. of Ypres. Pope'' J, Hf-rts, in the parifh ofHatfitld- Bifliop's. Pope's Hall, Kent, near Hart- ' lip. Pope's-Hole, Surry, on the river Wey, in Frenfliam parlfh. Pophall, Suf- fex, W. of Haflemere. Popkam, Hamp- shire, between Bafingftoke and Oldftoke. Poplar, Middlefcx, fo called from the trees with which it once abounded, is fituated on the Thames, E. of Limehoufe, in the parifn of Stepney. Popo, or Papa, a territory of Guinea, on the Slave Coilf, about 8 leagues in ex- tent. The foil is f3at and iandy, without cither hills or trees, and the inhabitants have fcarce any houfes to dwell in, befide the king's village, which is in an ifland in tl'.c midft of a river. They are lb haralfed by their neighbours that they cannot cul- tivate their lands in (juiet, and therefore they would often be ftarved, it they did not get provifions from other places. Their chief trade is in (laves. Poppieton, Upper and Nether, Yorkfhire, E. of Hcfiey-Moor. Popjkall, Kent, near Coldred. PoRCAH, a town of Travancore, Hin- dooftan, on tl'.e coaft of Malabar, held by the Dutch. It is 75 miles NW. of Tra- vancore. Lat. 8. II. N. Ion. 74. 35. E. PoRCO, a town and jurifdi6tion of La Plata, in S. America, extending about 20 k-agues. Here is the mountain of Porco, from whofe mine the Yncas exna^ltd all the filver for their expences and ornaments; it was accordingly the firft worked by the Spaniards after the conqueft. It is about ■25 leagues from the city of La Plata. Porke'lys, Cornwall, W. of Pcnryn. Portifi^i-cn, Shropfhire, NW. of Ofweftry. Por^, OA/, Durham, N. of Bilhap-Auk- land. Porkthorp, Yorkfiiire, W. of Kil- ham. Porlait, or Pcrtoyd, a river in Car- narvonftiire. Porlait J, alias Poriiigland, Great and Little, S. of Norwich. FORI.OCK, a tuwa ill Sowcrfetfliire, X ieaied P O R feated on the Biiftol Channel, where it has a commodious bay. It is 14 miles N. by W. of Dulveiton, and 167 W. of London. Markets, only three in a year, on Thurf- day -before May 12th, ditto before Oftober 9th, and ditto before November 12th. PoRRENTRui, a neat and populous town of Germany, in tlie circle of the Upper Rhine, capital of the dominions of the bilhop of Bade, and the principal place of his refidence. The epilcopal palace (which has been lately repaired and aug- mented) ftands upon an eminence over- Jooking the town. It is 22 miles SVV. of Bafle. Porfion, Dorfetfliire, between Cenie- Abbey and Dorchetter. Porti in Donegal, Ulfter. PORTADOWN, in Armagh, Ulfter. It is plealantly fuuated on the river Bann, into which the canal of Newry falls within a mile of this pl?.ce. The linen manu- failure is carried on here extenfively. It is 65 miles from Dublin. *PORTAFERRY, a town of Down, in Ulfter, on the rapid ferry of Strangford. Heretofore a pretty brifk trade was car- ried on in this place, and between 30 and 4-0 veflels belonged to it's port. From the high lands about Portaferry there are very fine proipecils over the whole lake of Strangford, the circumjacent country, the lea, and the lile of Man. It is So miles from Dublin. PoRTALEGRA, 3 town 01 Alentejo, feated 30 miles NNW. of Elvas, and 90 NNE. of Lifbon. *PoRTARLiNGTON, 3 town partly in King's, and partly in Queen's County, Leinlter, plealantly feiitcd on the river Barrow, 36 miles from Dublin. PoRT-AU Prince, a fea-port of St. Domingo, iituattd on tbc W. coalt. The country pioilutes cotton, indigo, (ugir, and coftce. It was taken by the Englifli in 1794.. Lar, 18. 40. N. Ion. 71. 10. W. Porlbeny, Kent, in the parilh of Bough- ton-Alupli. Pcrtlmry Somerietfliire, SW. of Briltol. PortchejUr, H mts, at the upper end of the harboiu ot Porti'mouth, between Fareham and Port fc a 1 llaml- Po?-^ Chapel, Chefliiie, NE. of Macclesfield. Purt- Curmo, a little cove at the Land's-End. Pert Dandy, fituated in one of theC jp- Jand Klands, in Down, UUter. PoRT-D::siRE, a harbour of Patago- nia, 75 miles NNE. oi> Port- Julian. Port-Elliot, Cornwall, SE. of Leflcard. Portenfcale, Cumberl. between the Lakes of Kelwick and Balfingthwaiie, on the S. fide of the Dcrwent. Porters, ElTex, near the Thames, NE. of Leigh. Porters, P O R EITex, Dear Bradfield-Magna. Porters, ElTex, NE. of Barking. Portejlon, De- vonfnire, NW. of Modberry. Ports^att, Northuinberland, NE. of Hexham. Port Glasgow. See Glasgow Port. PortGhnotie, in Antrim, Ulfter, 105 miles from Did^lin. It ispleaiantly ieat- ed on the river Bann, over which there is a bridge at the end of the town, which unites the counties of Antrim and Deny. Portheathry, Anglefen, North Wales. Porthilly, Cornwall, a fifliing harbour on the E. fide of Padliow-Haven. Betwixt this and Portkern, there is a great cave under a mountainous rock, through which, it is faid, the lea ebbs and flows near half a mile in length. Porthilly, Cornwall, at the mouth of Trewardreth-Bay. Porth- fiiii Iran, Moiimouthfliire, between Caer- leon-Bridge and Chriftchurch. Port Hunter Bay, a bay in the Duke of York's Illand. PoRTici, a town and royal palace of Lavora, Naples, 2 milts E. of the capital, in a charming fituation on the lea-fide. It is enriched with a valf number of fine ffa- tues, and other remains of antiquity, taken out of the ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeia. Partington, Yorkfnire, NE. of Ho-vden. Portinjhal, Cumb. in the parifli of Kiik- bride. Portiffick-Hnven, Cornw. NE. of Padftow-Haven. Portkern, or Portquin, Cornwall, a fiftiing-cove E. of Portillick. Portland, apeninfula in Durl'ctlhire, 3 miles S. of Weymouth, nearly 7 miles round, and exceedingly (irong both by na- ture and ai f. It is iinrounded by inac- eelnble rocks, except at the landing place, where there is a iViong cnflle, calLd Port- land CaJlle, built by King Henry Vllj. There is but one church in the ifland, and that ftands fo near the {'vn, that it is ofien in danger trom it. The whole peninlula is little more than one continued ii-ck of wiiite freed one, 9000 tons of which are exi)ortcd annually. It was fiift bi ought into repute in the reign of Jtmcs I. and is ufcd in London, Dublin, and other places, for building ihc fineft ftruLtvircs. The m- habs'ants aie about 1300. Portland, a fea-port of N. America, capital of Cumbei la'nti county, in the pro- vince of Miin. It is feated on a peniri- fuli, on wliicii formerly ftoixl part of Eal- mouth, and has an excellent harbour. Portland Islands, a cluflcr oi iftands in the S. Pacific Ocean. They aie low, and covered with woojl-; the ceutie one in lat. 2. 38. S. Ion. 149. 8. E« Portlecomb, Devonf. joins 10 S. Polf. M m s P(,rilcz\;n, P O R PoftUvan, Cornwnll.S. of Preag*. Port- iicigd, in- Poder'uige^ Dcvoiif. E. of Hart- lancl-Pnint. PORTLOCK. 8eePORLOCK. Port L^Oriunt. Sec Oriekt. Port Louis, a town in th- dtrpt. of Moiliilnii, with a gnod harbour, wliich is 8 (tation for put of the navy, and the Faft-In(Ha Company's (liips belonging to France. It is leated at the modth of the river Bl^vet, 3 piilt-s S, of L'Orient. Port Louis, a French fortrefs on the SW. coift ot St. Domingo ; and a fea-port on the \V. coaft of Guadaloupe. Port Louis. See France, Isle of. Portluny, Coinw. K. otGw-ndrtth-Bay. Port-Mahon, a fea-port town of Minorca, built originally by M.^go, the Carth-iginian. The f.Mrbonr is one of the belt in the Mediterranean. Port-Ninian, one of the Copland Ides, in Down, Uiller. Porto. See Oporto. Porto Beli.o, a fea port of Panama, '>n the northern coalt of the Ifthmus of Parien. It is a very unealihy place, and is inhal'ited chiefty by mi!la;(oes. It condfts of one principal itreet, with others eroding it ; it has two fquares, a great church, and two convents. At the time of the great fair, it is one of the molt po- pulous plr,c-,s in the world, the merchants often p:iying 1000 crowns f?r lodging in a middling cliambcr, with a ciofet, during the fair, an I tour, five, or lix tiiou!':md i'or a lodging in larger houfes. Columbus dif- covercd tl;e l-.srbour in 1502, and, from it's extent, depth, and fecurity, named it Porto-ikllo, or the- Fair Harbour. It's mouth is well defended by Fort St. Philip, or Iron Caitle; and ncaici the town, is another large caitle, and ai'mall fort. All rheic were partly deir.oiilhcd, and the town taken, by Admiral Vernon, with only lix fhips, in 1739. ^^ '^ ^° riiles N. of Pa- n.ima. Lnf, 9. 33. N. Ion. 79. 45. W. Porto-Cavallo, a fea port of Ter- ra Firma, on the Caiacca's coaft. Ljh. 64. 30. W. Porto Farina, a fea -port of Tunis. Porto-Farraio, a town on the N. coaft of the Ifteot Elba, feated on a lorn'-, Jiigh, (teep ptint of land, W. cf the bay of the tame name. It belongs to the great duke of Tufcany, Lat. 4.3. 53. N. Jon. 10. -8. E. Porto GALLETO.a fea-port ofSpain, in the Bay of B.lcay, 8 miles N. of Bilhoa. Porto-Gruaro, a town of Fritdi. PoRT-JaCKSON. SeejACKSON, Port. Portokt'wet, Monm. SE. of Chepftow. FOR PoRTO-Lo'JGONE, a ftrong Tea-port on th<- SF,. coalt of the Ifle ot Elba, with a good hsrbour, z miles SE. of Porto Ferraio. Por'on, Wilts, between New;on-Tony and S.difb try. Porton, N. and S. Divrfctf. near Pooi Itock. PciiTO Pedro, a fea-port of Mnjorca. Por to-Praya, a town on the E. fide of the Illap'-l of St. Jago, one of the Capc- de-Vcrds, fituatf-d on a fliarp rock, and with a gocd harbour. Theoutv/ard bound Guinea and Indiamen, whether Er.glifti, Flench, or Duith, touch here for water and refrefhmtnts, but few of them call on their return to Europe. While the ma- liners and pallengers arc on (horc, the whole coal' reft;nbies a fi'.ir, every place being fided with hogs, bullocki, fowls, goats, figSj plantains, arid cccoa-nuts, which the natives ejtchange tor ftiirrs, draweis, handkerchiets, breeches, h.its, wailrcoats, and all manner of clothing. There is a fort, on the lummit of a hill, that entiiely commands th.e harbour, which, were it properly mounted with cannon, and gariiioned, would be a place of great llrength. Lat. 14. 54. N. Ion. 23-37. W. Porto-Rico. Sec Juan-de Puer- to Rico. Pokto-Santo, an ifland of the At- lantic, on tlie coalt ot Africa, the lealt of the Madeiras. It is about 15 miles in circumference, and produces wheat and corn in abundance ; alfo breeds oxen, wild hogs, and rabbits in incredible num- bers. The moft valuahie articles of com- merce are the gum, c;illcd dragon's blood, honey, wax, and hfli. It has one good harbour, and good mooring in a bay, wdieie /hips going or returning from India ftop to refit and refiefli. Lat. 32. 58. N. Ion. 16, 20. W. Porto Seguro, a government on the coaft cf Brafil, in the jurifdiftion of Bahia. It is a fertile country, and the capital, cf the iame name, is built on the top of a roi.k, at the mouth of a rivcr. The har- bour is convenient and fafe. Lat. 16.45. S. Porto-Vecchio, a lea-port in a bay, on thi- E. co^ft of Coifica. Porto-Venero, a fea-port of Genoa. *Port Patrick, a fea-port of Scot- land, in Wtgtoiiiliii-e, confined by the fea on one lide, and on the o'hcr by overhang- ing rocks and hills. Formerly the harbour was a mere inlet between two ridges of rocks, v.'hich ran into tr.e fea, and was on- ly fit for flat-bo!ton.ed boat?; but now thcic is one of the finelt (juays in Britain, with a renewing ligr.;iiyuK, and above a dujcn FOR dozen trading veiTelj, from 40 to 60 tons burden, (ail and rttiirn regularly. A miinber of veflels alio come cccafronally from other ports. It Is noted lor it's fer- ry to Donaglnde?; in lielar.d, from which it is only re miles tlil^ant. It is comput- ed that 11,000 head of cattle, and tooo boriV- :'.!>• iiinually imported from Ireland to ti'ii place. Here are four elegant pac- ket-boats for the conveyance of the mail, and the accommodation of paflengers ; and the mail coaches go res^ularly from Lon- don and Edinburgh to Port-Patrick on the one fide, and between Dublin and Donag- hadee on the other. The imports and ex- ports have greatly increaled of late years. •The papulation of the parlfli amounts to upwards of 1000. It is about 107 miles SW. of Edinburgh, and 487 NVV. of London. Fort Raman, fituated in one of the Cop- land I.'bnds, in Down, Ullfer. Portree, a town on the Ifland of Skye, one of the Scotch Hebrides. The inhabitants trade chiefly in black cattle, Imall horfcs, and kelp. Pcrt-RenarJ, in Limerick, Munfter. Port-Royal, a (ea-port of Jamaica. It was once one of the finell iea-port towns in America, abounding in riches and trade; but in 1692, it was delfroyed by «ii earthq9ake, which buried nine-tenths of the town 8 fathoms inider water ; in 1702 by a fire ; in 1722 by an inundation of the fea j and in 1744 it fuffered greatly by a hurricane. Warned by ihefe extraor- dinary calamities, the cuftom-houfe and public offices were removed by an aft of ali'embly, and no market I'uffered to be held here for the future. It contains at prefent about 200 houfes, a church, a navy-yaid, an hofpital, and barracks for a regiment of Ibldiers. It is built on a fmnll neck ot land, which juts out leveral miles into the Jea, and is defended by a fort, which has a line of near 100 pieces or cannon. The harbour is one of the btrlt in the world, and 1000 fliips may ride therein, lecure from every v^ind that can blow. It is 6 miles SE, of Spanilh- Town, and as much by water SW. of Kincjilon. Lar. 18.0.N. Ion. 76.40. W. Port Roval, an ifland on the coalt of S. Carulini, the (pace between which and the neighbouring continent forms one of the mod commodious harbours in thole parts. It is 12 miles in lengtii, and 5 in Iireadth. The town on the N. Aiore is calltd Beautort. Lat. 32. 24. N. Ion. 80. JO, W. PoRT-RovAi,, in Nova-Scotia. Sec Ann.-.polis. FOR Port- Sandwich, a harbour In the Ifland of Mailicollc, in the S. Sea. Pcyf ~t. Ann, in Do v >, Uifter. ^c.^.i St. NfARr'«,afer.-' oitof Spain, in Aadalufki. The E-dilh ir.ade a de- fcint here in 1702, v,irh a defi^jn to be- fiege Cadiz, but without fuccels. It is lo miles NE. of Cndiz. PortfJo^n, Hints, 4. miles from Portf- mouth. Portsea, an ifland of Hants, about 14 miles in circuit, between Portfmouth Harbour and Langltone Harbour. It is a low trift, feparated from the main land by a fhaliow creek, over which is a bridge. At t!>e S W. extremity of it, is fituated the town of.Portlmouth. Adjoining to which is the town of Portfea, built on Portf- mouth- Common, on condition, that if thq enemy fliould land, the houfes were to be thrown down withovit comptnfation to the owners. PortJIiam, Dorfetf}). 2 mil s from Ab- botfbuiy. Port/holm, or Pcr'n:ei:d.. near Huntingdon, encompaflcd with the Oul'e. PortJlaJe, Suifex, E. of New Shoreham. Port Slaty, iltuatrd in one of the Cop- land Iflands, in Down, Ulller. *Portsmouth, a town of Hampfhire, fituated on the Ifland of Portfea. It was anciently defended by a wall of timber, covered with earth ; aballionto the NE. j and two forts of hewn ftone at the mouth of the harbour, begun by Edward IV. and finiflied by Henry VI. Qu^een Eliza- beth fortified it with new works. King Charles II. diiefted great alterations j elfablifhed new wet and dry docks, (tore- houfes, rope-yards, &c. and raifed feve- ral forts alter the modern mannerj which works were ai.jmented in the reign of James II. Succeeding princes have made great additions fince, and it is now the moll regular fortiel's in Britain. Within thtfe few years, government has bought more ground for aiidi'ional woiks, anil it may be made impregnable by land as well as fea, fince a (hallow water n\ay he brougiu ijuite round it. The iealf num- ber of men employed continually in the yard is icoo. The docks and yards re- lemble dillinft towns, ^-zc. under a govern- ment feparate from the g^rrifon. Here is alfo a fine arfenal for laying up the cannon. The harbour is one of the fineit in the world, as there is water fi.flicient for the largeft fhips ; and it is fo very capacious, that the whole Englilh navy may ride litre in fafety. The principal branch runs up to Fareham ; a fecond to Portch-Hcr ; and a third to P utica-Bridgr. Bcfidcs ihcfe branches, there are fcveral ritbes, or M m ^ chunne!{, P O R clnnnels, where the fmall men of war rirfe at their moorings. Oppofite the town is the ro:ies, whence a great deal is exported. The Portuguefe (hipping liuie frequent the other countries of Europe or the Le- vant, their voyages lying rather to Brafil, and their different colonies on the coaft of Africa, from which lall they Import ne- groes, gold, and ivory. They receive trom their foreign fettlcmcnts, fngar, to- bacco, rum, cotton, indigo, hides, Brafil mid other woods for dying, and many ex- cellent drugs. Befide thefe, they have ^old, filver, with diamonds and other pre- cious ftones from America. The annual produce of gold in Brahi, may be eftimat- ed, without exaggeration, at liear two mil- lions ftei ling. The fleet which goes every year to Brafil, fiiils and returns in 7 or 8 months. Tiicy trade likewiie to their Ealf P o s India fettlementsof Goa, DIu,.ind Macaoj but this traffic, once fo important, is nov/ greatly declined. The horfes of Portugal were fonneily in great efteem, but they are now i'o ff,nd of mules, tliat horles are fcarce. Towards the tronMers of Spain there aie mountains in which they formerly got gold and filver; and the river Tajo was anciently noted for It's golden lands; but now ihe Portuguefe do not think them worth minding. There are alfo mines of iron, tin, lead, quarries of marble, and fome precious ftones. The principal ri- vers are the Tajo, the Douro, the Guadi- ana, the Mlnho, the Mondego, and the Lima. Portugal is divided into fix pro- vinces, namely, Eftraniadura, Beira, Entre Minho e Douro, Traloi. Monies, A'ente- jo, and Algarva. The governm.'^nt is mo- narciilcal; but the royal authority is bounded by the fundamental Jaws of the kingdom ; tor the fovereign cannot raife any more taxes than were I'c'rled in 1674. Portugal was anciently called Lufitania; but by a writing now extant, fiated 1069, It appears tliat the name of Portugal v/as then ufed for the whole kingdom. It is probably derived from a town on the river Dcniro, anciently called Cale, oppofite to which the inhalntants afterwards built a town, naming it Portucale, now the flou- riflilng city of Oporto. In Portugal are about 900 convents, moftly very rich ; it alio contains one patriarch, three archbi- fliops, and ten bifliops, befidcs others in America, Africa, the Eall Indies, &c. Tiic Portuguefe are Indolent, and fo tond or luxury, that they fpend their wealth in the purchafe of foreign merchandife. Lif- bon is the capital. Portutnno, in Galway, Connaught, 74 miles from Dublin. It is fcated on the river Shannon, where it falls into Lough Dcrg. port^ivocJ Hal!, Cheihire, by Stockport. Poj'jok/', between Thame and "VVatlington. PoEUGA, a town and couniy of Scla- vonia. Pq/i(/e, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Po- fiers, Kent, near Borden. Poflingford, Suffolk. N. of Clare. PofNANiA, or PosuN', a town and pa- latinate ot Great Poland. It contains fe- veral chinrches and convents, and has a comiJerablc trade witli Germany, being a flaple town. The bifhop's lee is the niofl ancient in Poland. It is feated on the ri- ver Warta, 27 miles W. of Gnelha, and 1 4 5 VV N W . of Wa rfa w . PoJlerzi:ooJ, or Pofterr, Derbyf. near Belper. Pcft Doi'jii, Hants. P^fi-Houfe, Yoikf. N. of V/akcrield. PoMng> Kent, N. of POT N. of Hlthc. Pcfjlip, GIouc. in Winch- combe parifli. Pofton, Heref. near Peter- Church. Pojl-jjick, SE. ot Norwich, on the Yare. POTENZA, a town of Bifilicata, Na- ples. Potefgrave, BeHf. near Woburn. Pot- ford, E. :ind /^. D^vonf. near H.utl.ind. Poikeridge, Devon!", near Great Torring- ton. Potnol, Surry, near S:. Ann'i-Hill. PoTOMACi, a tine river of N. Ame- rica, p.jvif'.ible near 300 milts. I1 riles in the NW. p.irt of Virginia, and Sepa- rates iha-^ (late froin Maiyland, ainicft it's whole couife, till it enters tht Chff;ipeak, between Snuth'i Point and Point Look- out. PoTOsi, a town of S. America, in the jurifdiftion 'if La Plata, and government of Buenos AyriS, containing about 60. 000 ■ Indians, and 10,000 Spaniards, many of whi)m are pofTeiTeJ of immenfe fortunes. Thcie is the belt fiiver-mine in all Ame- rica, in a mountain in form of a fugar- loaf, the colour of whofe foil is of a red- difii brown. Silver has been as common in this place as iron is in Europe; how- ever, it isj almolf exhaufted; at leaft, they geu but little from it, in comparilbn of wiiat they ttid formerly; and the mountain itlelf is faid to be little better than a (hell. The country about this place is fo naked and bairen, that they are obliged to get their provifions from the neighbouring provinces. It appears from the public accounts, that filver to the value of 9,282,382!. fterling, has been annually taken from thele mines. Here is always a great demand for European goods. It is feated at the bottom of the mountain of of Potofi, 170 miles SSE. of La Paz. Potterels, Htrts, near N. Mims. Pet- tern, Wilts, near Devizes. Potter-Neiv- ion, Yorkf. N. of Leeds. Potters Bar, Middlef. 3 miles N. of Barnet. Potters- Brinton, Yoikfh. E. of Sherborn. Pot- iers-Croiuh, Hens, SW. of St. Alban's. Potterfpery, Northamp. NW. of Stoney- Stiattord. Pctters-RoiVf'Ei^c-x., nearGreat Braxted. Potters-Street, E.Tex, near Har- low B«'fh and Park. Potterton, Yorkf. near Abberforth. Potoe, Yorklhire, N. Riding, near WharkonC.iftie. Potton, by the lea, NW. of Lancaller, POTTON, a town of Bedturddiire, 12 miles E. of Bedford, and 48 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Pottrofe, a river in Cumberland. PoTZDAM, a town in the Middle •fM'rclie of Brandenburg, Upper Saxony, Vcated in an iflaml .16 miles in circui-.de nnce, which is formed by tiie rivers Spree P O Y and Havel. The palace of the king of Pruffia is very curious, and built upon a beautitul fpot, 6 miles SW. of Berlin. PouoHKEEPsiE, a town of N. Ame- rica, capital of Duchefs County, in the ftate of New York. It is fituated on the E. fide of Hudfon's Kiver, N. of Wap- pinpci 's Creek. PouGUES, a village in the dept. of Nievres, noted for it's mineral waters. It is 6 m'les N. (jf N'Vcrs. Po^hif^ton, DorfeM. W. of Corfe Caftle. Po^i'igtO'i D^'ilctl. in W. Tincham pa- lifti, in Puroeck lUe ; Luckford Lake lilts near it. Pouladuff, E. and /F. in Cork, Mun- fter, about a mile N. v)f Ruls. There are two remarkable great holes in the ground, about 80 yaros deep, into which the Tea flows by fubteiranean paflhges. Pouljiiot, Wilts, by Divi7es. Poulfion. Bridge, Cornwall, on the Tamar, E. of Launcelfon. PouLTON, a town of Lancafliire, feat- ed near the mouth ot th- river Wyre. and joft by a navigable can.il, 18 miles SW. of Lan.cafter, and 231 NNW. of London- Market on Monday. Poulton, S.of Chcfter. Poulton, Chefhirc, W. ol Liverpooi-Havcn Pouhon, Wilts, by Marlborough. Poulton-Court, Giouc. near Awre. Poundhill, Surry, S. of Blech- ingley. Poundon-, Bucks, in Twyfoid pa- rifli, PounJIock, NE. of Bottreaiix-Caltie. Pouppol, J lie of Wight, in E. Medina. POURSELOUC, or PORSELON, a rich and commerci.il town ol Siani, furroundi- ed with 14. baftions, corlfrufttd by Ibme French engineers. Lat. 17. 48. N. loH. 100. 40. E. P0UR.ZAIN, a town in (he ot Fok.iuglia:ii. Prabat, > P R A FnAnAT, a town of Afia, in Siant. Pr.adE3, a town in the ciep:irt. of the Eallern Pyrenees, feated on the liveiTet, •zt miles WSW. o( Pcrfii'jnai). PRAGILAS, a town of Piedmont. Prague, a city of Germany, in the circle of Schhn, capital of the kingdom of Bohemia, It comprehends three towns, namely, tlie Old, the New, and tl»e Lit- fle Town, and is about 15 miles in cir- ciimfrft-nce. It is built upon feven moun- tains, from the top of which is a very hne profpeft. Here are 91 churches and cha- pels, with about 40 cloiftcrs. The inha- bitants are eftimated at 83,000, of whori^ about 12,000 are Jews. The river Mol- claw, or Muldaw, runs througli the town, aiKl Separates the Old from ti>e New. There is a handfome bridge of 18 arches over it, built with freeftone, 1770 feet in length, and 35 in breadth, having a ftronj tower at each end, and five Itatucs on tach fide. The Old Town is very po- pulous ; the houfes are high, and the ftrects narrow. There are two large flrudlures, one of which is the old palace, v/liere the ancient kings refided. The fiiiert ornament of this part is the univer- ijty, frequented by a great number of ftu- bents. Ttie Jefults had a magnificent college here } and it is here the jews re- iide, where they have 9 fynagogues. The New Town furrounds the Old, and con- tains fine Itruftures, handfome gardens, and large flreets. The Little Town was bwilton the fpot where there was a foreft j and there is a poplar- tree yet (tanding, which they affirm has grown there about 1000 years. The principal buildings are the Royal Callle, the Radfhin, and the Srrawhoufe, The firft of which contains a hall, 100 paces long, and 4.0 broad, •witiiout any pillar to fupport the roof. The country arourKl it is fertile and plea- fant. Prague was taken by ftorm, by tire French, under Marflials Belltifle and Broglio, in 174.1, but they were foon cooped up by the Auftrian forces, and after enduring great hardfliips from fa- mine, and making a brave defence, they partly found means to elcape, and partly obtained a free retreat. In 174.4., the I'ruflians made tiiemfclves mailers of this capital, but quitted it again the fame year. Tfiey befjc-ged it again in 1757, but wjth- cMt fucceis. It is 75 miles SSE. of I>ref- den, 15S SSE. of Berlin, and 435 NNW. vt Vienna. Lat. 50. 5. N. Ion. 14. 50. E. PRANDNiTz.a town of Bohemia. Prato, a town of Italy in Tufcany. Pratomno, a palace in Tufcany, with .*.ac gardens, groitosj and wati.rwoik.». PRE Prava. See Port-Prava. Precop, or Perekop, a townoftfw Ruffian empire, in the province of Tsh- rida, or Crim Tartary; fcated on the ilth- niU8 that joins that jieninfula to the con- tinent. Precopxa, a town of Servia, former- ly the capital of Dardania. PreJannor-Pa'tnty Cornwall, N. of the Lizard. Prees, Shropf. near Whitchurch. Free Wood, Hertfordl". W. of St. Albans. Pre^acr, Cornwall, near Lawhitton. Pregel, a river of Pruflia, which runs into the Frifche Haffe, below Konigfberg. Prentadart, Cornwall, N. of Weitlow. pREMESLAW, a town in Auftrian Po- land, 20 miles ESE. of Lemburg. Prciuiick, Nonhumbcrl. near Alnham. Prene, Shropibire, S. of Afton-Bumtl- Caftie. Prenslow, a town of the Ucker Marche, Brandenburg, capital of the country, feated 0:1 the lake aixi river Uck- er. It is noted for it's trade in tobacco, and it's mantifa-Sture of cloth. Proiton, CiicfliLre, near the Bcbingtons, in Wirral. PiirsBURG, or PosEN, the capital of Lower Hungary, feated on a hill ; like Vienna, has fuburbs more magnificent than iti'elf. In this city the Hates of Hun- gary have held their afftmblies, fmce 1723, and in tlie cathedral the fovereign is crowned. In the caftle, which is a grand Gothic If rufture, are depofited the regalia ot Hungary, coniilting of the ciown and Iceptre of Stephen their firft king. The view from this caltlc is very extenfive, comn>anding the vali and fertile plains of Hungary, The Lutherans form a church here. Prefburg is feated on the Danube, 32 miles ESE. of Vienna. L.>t. 4.8. 14. N, Ion. 17, II, E. Prejhury, Gloucefttrfliire, a. miles N, oi Cheltenham. *Prescot, a fmall town of Lancafl;ire, with a pretty gooj, Somerf. by Yeovil. Prejion Boats, E. of Snrewfbury. Prejion-BrocLlmrJi, Shrop- rtjire, hear Albrighton. Prejion- Conilover, a P R I Hampfh. SW. of Bafingftoke. Prejion- Capes, Northanip. N. of Afliby-Canons. Pnjion- Chapel, Weltmorl. SE. of Kendal. PreJion-PiJlrick, Weffm. in Holme pariftj. Prejion Scar, Yorkfhire, near Middleham, remukahle fi>r it's extenlive profpe61s. Prejion, Eaft, SufTex, NE. of Arundel- Haven. Prejion Gaglin, Yorkf. SW. of Pontefraft. Prejion Gobolds, Shroi.f. W. of Shrewfljury. Prejion, Great, Yorkih. SE. of Leeds. Pre/ion- HrJl, Kent, by Aylcsford. Prejion Hoives, SuHtx, NW. of Pevcnfey Hiven. Prejion, Little, Yorkfliire, SE. of Leeds. Prejion, l.on^, Yorkfli. S. of Settle. Prejion MontJ or d, Siu-opf. W. of Shrewfliury. Preflon on- Stour, Gloucdf. 9 miles irom Camiuien, Prejion- Pans, a village of Haddingion- fliire, in Scotland, noted for it's fait, works, and for the defeat of the royal army, under Sir John Cope, by the adhe- rents of the family of Stuart, under Prince Charles, in 174.5. Prejion- Par-va, Norih- amp. by Preiton-Capcs. Prrjiavich, Lhik. near Manchefter. Prejiruick, Northumb. in the manor of Eland. Prtji-ivold, Leic. near Loughborough. Prejizuood, Staff. SW. of Afhhorn. Prefl-.vood, on the Smeftal, a mile below King's Swinford. Pretons, Elfex, near the Hanningfitlds. Pre've Park, Hants, near Barmgltoke, Prevesa, a fea-port of Turkey in Europe, in Albania, anciently Nicopolis, a town built by Augultus, after the bat- tle of A6fium. It has been kept by the Venetians fince 1684., and is fcated on a mountain, on the Gulf of Larta. Lat. 39. 14. N. Preuilly, a town in the depnrt, of Indreand Loire, feated on the rivciClaifc, near which theie aie mines of iron. It is 18 miles S. of Loches. Priaman, a Dutch ftttlement on the W. coall of Sumatra, a little S. of the equator- Prickleljill, Middlef. between Eaft Bar- net and Chipping Barnct. Prlckxvilhiv^ Camb. NE. of Ely, on the fame ilver. Priddle, or Piddle, a river in Dorfeilbire, riling near Alton, and tallirig into Pool- Haven, near the mouth of the Fit>iTic. Priddy, Somerf. between Wells and Char- ter-Houfe. Prideaux, Great, Cornwall, near Padftow. Prideaux, Hert, Cornwall, SW. of Leftwii hiel. Priijihoufes, Norfolk, S. of Downham. Prieji's Leap, in Cork, Munfter, ?» rug- ged and dangerous p.ilfage frein the S. part of Bantry to the N. whence the ronil into the county of Kerry leads over Man- gerton, the loftif ft mountain in Ireland. Privies, Kent, in Pembury pariih. Pri^.uj, PEN ptigney, Glouetf. between Gloiiceftcr and painlwick. Primchale, Yorkniire, ncnr Knaref- borougli-Fortft. Market diluftH. Primrofe Hill, MiclcUef, an eminence be- tween KiUnnn ;:nJ ILiiinillead, called alio Gicenbnry-Hiil. Prince of Wales, Cape, the moft weftcrn extixmify ot :ill America. Lat. 65. 4.6. N. Ion. 16S. 5, W. Prince's Island, an ifland on the W. coaft of Africa, 90 miles in circnin- fcrcnce, dit'covered in 14.71. The air is whokfome, and the land fertile in the va- rious tropical produftions. On the N. coall is a town, containing about 200 hoiifes. and a good harbour. It is I'ubjeft to Portugal. Lat. 1.49. N. Ion. 6. 40. E. Prjnce's Island, a fmail ifland in the Straits of Sunda, near the NW.'extre- mity of the Ifland of Java. It is very woodv, and not much cleared. The in- habitants are Javanefe, v;hole rnjah is lubjcd to the fultan of Bantam ; and their ciifioms are finiilar to thofc of the natives about Batavia. It is vifited by European fhips for wood, water, and turtle, which Jatter is got here in great abundance. The beft anchorincr-place is in lat. 6,41, S. Ion. 105. 17. E. Pri/icethorp, WzrwickC. two miles S. of WoUton, near Dunfmore-Heath. Princeton, a village in the ftate of New Jerfey, noted for a large college, a handlbme (tone edifice, founded in 1738, and called NafTau-Hall. It is 52 miles from New York, and 43 from Philadelphia. PrixceWilliam Henry's Island, an ifland in the Eallcm Indian Ocean, ly- ing WNW. of Tench's Ifland. It is pretty high, and feems to be about 70 miles in circuit. It is well wooded, and there were a number of clear cultivated trafls, on which fomething was growing that had the appearance of Indian corn, or fngar- cane. Several large and vvell-conllrudcd houfes were feen among the trees. This jdand has a luxuriant and pifturefque ap- pearance, and is fuppofed to be fertile and well piTopled. The natives were quite naked, and Teem to be the fame lort of people as thofe on Tench's Ifland, and thtir canoes of the fame coniiru6tion. It was 'iifcovered by Captains Ball and King in 1750. A higli mountain, rinnc;,- in the centre of it, was called Mount Philip. Lat. 1. 32. S. ion. 149. 30. E. Prince William Henry's Island, an ifland of the S. Picihc Ocean, difccvcr- ed hy Captain Wailis in 1767. Lat. 19. o S. Jen. 141. 6. W. pRiNCi. William's Sound, an in!tt PER on the NW. coaft of America, di^c^vered by Captain Cook in 1778. The men'. Women, and children, are here all clothed alike. Their ordinary drcfs is a fort of clofe robe, which foinctimes reaches only to the knees, but generally down to the ancles. They are compofed of the flcins ot various animals, and arc commonly worn with the hairy fide outward. The men often paint their faces of a black co- lour, and of a bright red, and fometimes of a bluifli or leaden hue j but not in any regular figure. The women punfture or (lain the chin with black, that comes to a point in each ot their checks. Their canoes are of two forts ; the one large and open, the other fmad and covered. The framing confilts of flender pieces of wood, and the outfide is compofed of the flcins of feals, or other fea animals, ftretched over the wood. Their weapons, and implements for hunting and fifhing, are the fame as thofe ufed by the Eiquimaux. Our know- ledge of the animals of this part of the continent is entirely derived from the fkins that were brought by the natives for fale. Thefe were prmcipally of bears, common and pine martins, lea otters, feals, racoons, fmall ermines, foxes, and the whitifh cat, or lynx. The birds found here were the halcyon, or great kingfiflier, which had fine bright colours; the white-headed eagle; the humming-bird; geefe ; fmall ducks ; and black Ica-pyes, with red bills, like thofe they had I'een at Van Diemen's Land and New Zealand. Few vegetables of any kind were oblerved ; and the trees that chiefly grew about the Sound were the Canadian fpruce pine, fome of which are of a confiderable flze. Lat. 60. to 61. N, Ion. 147. o. W. Principato Citra, a province of Naples, bounded on the N. by Lavora and Principato Ultra; on the E. by Bafi- licata J and on the S. and W. by the Me- diterranean ; about 65 miles in length, and from iz to 30 in breadth. The foil is fertile in wine, corn, oil, faffron, and filk ; and they have feveral mineral fprings. The principal towns are Salerno, Amalfi, and Sorrento. Principato Ultra, a province of Naples, hounded on the N. by Lavora and Molil'o; on the E. by Bafilicata and Capitanata ; on the S. by Principato Ci- tra ; and on the W. by Lavora; about 30 miles in extent from E. to W. and 30 from N. to S. The principal towns are Benevento, Aveiino, and Conza. Prbiknajh, 3 miles SE. of Gioucefler. Prior's -Courts Woicefteri', near Powick. Prior" s-Hall^EQ'ex, in Widdington pari/h. Priors^ PRO Prlor^s Leigh, Shiopf. SE. of Wellington. Priory, Herts, SE, of Hltchin. Priory, Kent, near Billington. Prtfp.ll, LancaT. NW. of Kirkham. Prifco, Lincaftiiie, W. of Garrtang. Pripy Hill, Rutland- Ihire, near Thorp. Prisrendi, a town of Servia. Pristina, a large town of Servia. Prifion, Yorlcfli'uc, NW. of Midlam. PrifiveJIon, Shropfhire, near Chiibury. Prinle--ujell,El\cx, S. of Rociiford. Privas, a town in the dept. of Ar- deche, I'eated near the confluence of 3 Imall rivers, i6 miles N. of Viviers. Probus, Cornwall, NE. of Truro. pROCiDA, an ifland in the Gulf of Naples, 6 miles in circumference. It abounds in pheafants and partridges, and yields plenty of fruits and wine. The in- habitants are. about 4000. The capital,- of the fame name, is on the S. coaft, built en a high craggy rock, by the lea-fide. Prom, a town of Ava. Lat. 33. N. Proinhill, or Prcnhill, Kent and Suflex, 3 miles SW, of Lyd. ProfpeiJ-fioufl', ElTex, near Woodford-Row. ' ProfptSl- Place, Surry, between Wimbledon and Kinglfou, 8 miles from London. ■ ProfpeSi-Hall, in WaterfoVd, Muflfter, near the Ferry point of Youghail. Pro- fpeSt Hall., in Kerry, Munfta-, by tlie L-ike of Killarncy. PrcfpcSi, Mount, in Kildare, Leinfter, near Rathangan, on the oppofite fide of the canal. Profperous, a village in Kildare, Lcinfttr, 16 miles from Dublin. . A manufaifture of cotton, &c. is carried on here. Provence, a ci-devant province of France, on the Meditcrranem, having Piedmont on the E. ; and tlie Rhone, and the country of Venaiflinon tlie W. The air is very different j for near the Alps it is cold, on the fca-coa(f hot, and in the mid- dle temperate. In that which was called Upper Provence, the Ibil is fertile in corn and paftures; but in the lower dry and fandy. It however produces wine, oil, figs, almonds, prunes, and pomegra- nates, along the lea-coall from Toulon to Nice. There are orange and citron trees in the open fields; and many medicinal plants, mineral-waters, and mines of feve- ral kinds. It now forms the departments of Var, the Lower Alps, and the Mouths of the Rhone, . Providence, the moft flouriftiing town in the Itate of Rhode Ifl.ind, has a conliderabie manufaffory of cloth, and a large foreign and domeftic trade. It con- tains 700 houfes, and upwards of 4100 inhabitants. Here is a noble college, called Rliods Illaud Ccliege j ally an elc. P R U gant church for the Baptifts ; two for the Congregationalilts ; with others for other denominations. Providence is feated on both fides of the river of the fame name, about 36 miles SW. of Bjllon. Providence, a river of N. America, which riles in M iflschulets, and falls into Brilfol Bay a little below the town ot Pro- vidence, in Rhode Ifland. Providekce, one of the Bahama Ifiands, in the Atlantic Ocean, the fecond in point of fize, but the beft of thofe that are planted by the Englilh. They Import provifjons from Carohna, which they lay up in ftore-houfes.for the ufe of fuch (hijjs as put inchere. The illand produces ptas, Indian wheat, fait and Brafdette wood j and fifh of various kiiids are found in the greatelt plenty on the cor.ft. It is about 30 miles in levigth, and 8 in breadth. Lat. 15. 2. N. Ion. 77. 20. W. Providence, a fmall ifland in the At- lantic Ocean, which the EngliHi bucca- neers toniierly fortified, and de'endcj agair.lt the Spanifh guarda coftas. It is about J 50 miles E'. of the MofOiUito Shore. Lat, 13. 25, N.Ion. 80. 44.. W. Pp.OViNS, a town in the dept. of Seine and Marne, famons for it'smintrai-waters, and excellent conferves of rofes. It was ot note in the time of Chariemagne j but, though large, it is not populous. It is 47 miles SE. of Paris. pRUCK, a town of Stiria. Pruddo-Cajlk, Northumberland, rear the Tyne, 8 miles W. of Newcallle,* /V«;w/.' inperate, warm, and pleafant ; l)ut the •Jii (innis ;.re often wet, and the air in winter is cold, piercing, and fevere. The ii);iniif:irtiues in glals, linen, cloth, iiichIs, &.C. arc increadng. The udinbitants r.re a niixlme of native PuilTians, who appear to be genniiie Crermans, Lithunniiins, and Puits. The 'Jeiitonic order h.ul fove- reigniy in Piiiflia about 500 years ; after v/hicli Piuflia was added to tlie dominion of tl)f eiec';^oi'^l luniie of Brandmb'.ng, and in 1704. it was raifcd to a kiiigdom, by the KIciior Frederick, who, wiin his own hands, put the crown on liis head, and on tliat of (nsconldrt, at Konig,fb(.ii;. Pruf- fia is divided into thjee paiis, Samland, Natangen, and Oberland. K.onig(berg is the capital. Pruth, a river wldch lifes in Red Ruffia, in the Caipithian M<>nnfains, crcd'es part ot Leniburp;, afterw.ird runs through all Moldavia, K-id falls into the Danube near Rcn:iy, in BcfTar.ibia. Przemislau. See Premrslavv. Pri'-Emvsl, a town of L;-inburg, Po- land, 27 miles W. of Lemburg. • PsKOF, or Pi.ESKOF,a government and large town of Ruffi*. The governmenr, once a repul>lic, was formerly included in that of NovoguroJ. Tlie town is feated on the river Velika, at the S. extremity of the Lake Piepus, 80 miles S. of Narva, and 136 SSW. ot Peicrfhurgh. Pii/'loiv. Somerlcrl. NE. of Pen<;ford. Pucktridge, HertK, N. of Ware. Puck- t'ls^ion, Somtrl. NE. of liminlter. Puc- kUchurch, Gloucef. 7 miles E. of Briltol. \t was once the refidence of iome of the eld 6 ixon kings, of whole great buildings iome i'liins are yet vifihle. Puckjlon, So- jner("eifhir,e, W. of VVrinton. PuDDAP., or Paddar, a liver of Hin- dooltan, which riles in the SI'J. part of Agimere, and dividing the prnvir.ces of Cutch, and Guzcrat, lids into the Gulf of Cufcii, 30 miles S. of J.magur. Pudding- Nor tOfi, Noi lolk, SE.of Faken- bam. Puddivt^ron, Bedfi^rdl'. 4. miles from Harold. PuJdiigton, on the Doe, NW. of Chefter. Puddoigt-on, Devonfhire, near Cruwys-Morchard. Puddiebridge, Dsvonf. in Coihton paiilh. PuddUkhiton, D irfctf, SE. of Uerne Ahl^ey. PuMclhn, Heref. E- ot Leoniinltcr. PuddUicn, 5 miles NE. ot Dorchelier. Puddle •Jreiichard, D)r(i;tl. 2 miles N£. of Cerne Abbey. t'udliot, Oxfordihiie, near Chadlingion. Pudjtv, EJex,. ir. Cinewdcn parifti. Fud- fijly Yorklhire, \V. 'j* Leeds. P U L Pi/EBLA, a town of liftr.imidun 3 a town of Galiciaj and a town ol (iienadaj ail Mi Spam. Puela-de-losAncelos, a town of Mexico, capital of the province of Tlafca» U, 60 nules ESE. of Mexicj. PuiBLO NutVO, a to. ii ol Veragja, leaie.i on a bay of tne S. Sea, aoo miles S. by W. of Panama. Pvente-del-Reyna, a town of Na- varre, <) miles SSW. of Parr:pelun3. PuENTS-D£-ARCOBI^bO, a town of New Cal^ile, (eatt i on the river Tajo, 50 miles WSW. ot ioiedo. PuurtoBhli.o, Puerto Kfco, ?ic. See Porto Bti lo, Pokto Rico, kc. and for all names, which, in the Spanifn language, fignily a /or/, fee PoRTO; for although thu word is not Spanlfh, but Italian, the Engiuli have adopted it both in writing and pronunciation. Puffin Island, on the coaft of Ker- ry, in Munf\er, is fteep ami craggy, and has a remarkable opening or gap in it's liiglieft part. !■• is much frequented by the fowl called /i:/j^»Jj and is well ffocked with rabbits. PuGLiA, La, the modern name of the ancient Apulia, containing the three pro- vinces of Capltanata, Bari, and Otranto, on the N. and NE. fide of the kingdom of Naples. Pulhorough, SulTex, NE. of Hardham. Ptilford, S. of Ciiefter, on the river Alen. Pulham, E. and JV. Dorferf. NE. of Buck- land Abbas, Pidbam, St. Mary, Norfolk, N. of Harlcfton. PuH, Somerlctfliirc, near Scdgiuore. PuHjt S. of Shrewfijury. Pullox Hill, Bedfordlhire, near Siiloe. Pulo-Canton, an ifland of Cochin- China. Lat. 15. 10. N. Ion. 109. 35. E. Pulo-Condore. See Condoke. PuLO DiNDiNG, a fmai! Dutch E. In- dia ill.'.nd, near the peniniula of Malacca. PuLO-TiMOAN, a pretty large iliaiid on the E. coad of Malacca. It is mgam- tainous and woody, and produces rice, and the cabbage and cocoa-nut tree in great plenty. Ships often touch here for taking in wood, water, and other refreiliments, and there is c;reat plenty of green turtles. Commodore Byron landed here in 1765. Lat. 3. 12. N. Ion. J04.. 25. E. Pt.'LO-W.'^Y, an ifland near Sumatra, peopled by men banifhed from Achen, from which it is ditfant about 9 leagues N. Lai. 5. 50. N. Ion. 95. 59. E. pulfath, Coniw. SW. of jHcobtlow. Putters, Herts, near Hinxworth. Pul- iou, Gloucdhrljiire, N. or Crickhde. PuLTOWA, a town of Ruflia, in the govcini:ient of Ecaurinollav. A battle \va$ PUR was fo-ught here, in 1709, between the Czar ?cter I. and Charles XII. kingot Sweden, wherein the latter was defeated, vvountled, and obliged to fly into Tin key j Sooo men were left dead on the field, and the remaining iC,ooo compelled to furrender at difcrction. It is 100 miles SW. of Bel- gorod. Lar. 49. 26. N. loii. 34. 15. E. PuLTUSH, in Malbvia, Poland. PuUveflo/i, Nortliumberl. near Wark- Caftlc. Puna, an ifland in tlie S. Sea, about €0 miles in circumference. It lies at the entrance of the Bay of Guiaquil, 90 miles N. otPaita. Lu. 3. 17. S. Ion. Si. 6. W. PuacharJiT!yI)iyGn{i\\vt, NW. of Bain- ftaple. Puiichin End, Herts, between Hemfted and E«rkhamfted. PunknoU, Dorfetfhire, in Poitifham parilh. Punknor, Dorietf. by Abbotfbur'y. Puiifiurn, Herts, in Hatfield parifli, near Chclhunt-Com- nion. Punfonhj, or Ponfanby, Cumberland, between Egremont and Ravenglafs. Pcntadel-GuDa, the capital town of St. Michael, one of the Azores, with a harbour and cjtadsL PURBECK, Isle of, a heathy traft of Dorletfhire, to the S. of Poole Bay, about 10 miles long-, and 6 over. It is infulated by the lea and rivers, and has been long- famous for it's (lone, which is in great demand for both paving and building. The principril (juarries lie at it's eaftern extre- mity, near Swanwick, Whence the (lone Is ^'xported. It is of the calcareous kind, ijidinguilhed into numerous forts, the iineft of which take a polifl), and deferve the name of marble. Xheie are nearly black; and fome abound in Aiells.and ai« ufed ior chimney-piect-s, hearths, &c. Tobacco-pipe clay is dug up in feveral parts of this ifland ; the fineft near Corfe- Caftlc, of Vy-hich much is exported, parti- cularly for the ScafFordfhire potteries. Purbeck contains 2 hundreds, ? town, and 9 parlflies. Purl'right, Surry, in Woking parifli. ^urfteet, ElTcx, on the Thames, 19 miles troin London ; has a confiderable public magazine for gunpowder, depofited in fe- veral detached buildings that are all bomb proof. Pin'ford, Suny, near Byfleet and 2nd Newark . Purland, Somerfetlhire, near Heftercomb~ Purkigb, Effex, N. of Cold- Norton. Purlcy, Berks, NW, of Reading. Pdhrvsburg, a town of S, Carolina, built and peopled by a colony of Swifs from Neufchatei, under the condu£l ot a Monlieur Puny. It is feated on the \\\tv Savannah, 64 miles WSVV. of Charletlou, Piirfer^-Crefs, Middl. in Fnlham pa- fiflj. Purjhz'j^ Shryplhire, near Clunhnry. P u z Purjion, Great and Little, Yorkf, NW.o^ Pontefra6l. Piirton, Piirton-Hill, ami Pur- ton Sickt, Wiltfliire, near Cricklade and Wootton-Bafftt. Pufey, Berks, E. of Farringdon. Pujltind, or Poflinch, De- vonOilre, near tlie mouth of the Yaime. PuTALA, or PuTOLi, a mountain of Great Thibet. See Lassa. Piithy, Gloucefterlhire, in the parilh of Morton-Valence. Putley-Ckapel, Hercf. near Marclay-Hills. Putloe, Gloucefterli. in Stiindifh parifh. Putnam, HertSj » miles NW. of Tring. Putney, a large village of Surry, featcd on the Thames, 5 miles WSW. of London. Puttenham, Surry, 3 miles NW. of Godalmin. Pui- ieridge, or Poderick, Herts, 5 miles NNE. of Dunftable. Pulton, Dorfetfhire, on the coall, between Fleet and Radipole. Putt- •^Jcood, Kent, near Ofpringe. PuY, Le, a populous town in the dept. of Upper Loire, feated on the mountain Anis, near ihe river Loire. It has niauu- faiSlures of lace, and f:lk ItufFsj and is 40 niilr-s NNE. of Mende. Puv-Cerda, a confiderable town of Spain, in Catalonia, and capital of Cer- daene. It is 45 miles NW. of Girona. PuY-DE Dome, a depart, of France, part of the late Auvergne, and comprihr.g aimoft all Limagne, a territory ah.out 1% leagues long, by 6 broad ; one of the moS: p'leal'ant and fertile in France j in whicfj are feen, under the fame point of view, orchards, meadows, vineyards, arable land, in a word, every kind of cultivation imaginable. The borders of this imj-.u^ or circular plain, are ir.ountalns, now cv*- vertd with habitations, iicrds, and flocks.} but once fo many volcanoes, which exhi- bifed to the inlpeeiion of the learned titc moft cxtraorditMry phenomena. Clermont is the capital of this dcp^utment. Pl'V-en-Anjol', a town in the dcpt, of Maine and Loire, 10 miles SW. of Saiimur, and 160 SW. of Paris. Puv-Laurfms, a town in the dept. of Tarn, 3 milts SW. of Caftres, and 23 E, cf Touloulf. PuzzoLi, a celebrated, but now in- confiderable town of Italy, fituated on the Bay of Naples. The temple of Jupiter S.rapis in this town is accounted a very intertlling m miiment of antiquity ; being (.juite ditiercf.t from the Roinan and Greek temples, and built in the manner of t)i<; Afiatics; " piobably," fiys Mooie, '* hjr the Egyptian and Af;atic m.erchants Icttl- ed at Piiz7o!i, which *'as the great empo- rium of Italy, t.ll the Romans buill Odia and A'^'i^'n,''" Tiie luins of Cicero's vills, near iliis place,. ar« of fuch cxjtnf, P Y R aV lo give a high idea of the wealth of this great oiaior. PwLi.HELLYJ a Inrge town of Carnar- vonrtiire, (catcd on the lea fiJe between two rivcrs. It is 6 miles E. of Newin, and 243 NW. of London. Market on Wed- nefdary. ' PjiUington, Northamp. NW. of Oul- rtey. Pykede/i, Noithumherl. in Mitfoid manor. Py/^, Cliefliire, iiiDelamere-Forert. Pyle, Chefliire, near Dtlamere Forcft. Py- viore, Dorfetfliirc, a little N. of Biidpoit. Pynham, SufTex, near Ai'undel. PvRAMins OF EcYPT, ftru6lures for- merly counted one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Thefe furprillng monu- ments of antiquity, vvhich br.l?.e the re- fearchcs of the deeped antiquary, to fix with precifion their origin^ are built upon a rocky bottom, at the foot of the high mountains which run along the ancient courfe of the Nile, and feparate Egypt from Lybia. ^ Various have been the con- je6lures how and when they v^ere built, yet no two authors agree exa6lly about them ; however, this is certain, that they are extremely ancient, and that there is no accmmt in any author of credit, when or for what realon th'jy were founded : moft imagine they were defigiied for tombs, though there is no difcovtrable entrance into two of thenj. There are many of thefe edifices at a greater dillance in the defert, of wliich very little notice is taken by travfiitrs. The principal pyramids are ESE. of Gize, a village on the weftern fliore of the Nile. There are 4 of them that deltrve the attention of the curious i for though there are 7 or 8 others in the neighbourhood, they are nothing in com- parifon of the former: the 2 hrgcfl pyra- mids? are 50b feet ift perpendicular height. The plain they (bnd on is a continual rock, almoft Covered with a moving fand, in which are great numbers of fliells and petrified oyftcrs. The molt northern of ihcic great pyramids is the only one that »s open J and thole who enter it, and clam- ber up to a fort of room, find a tomb, or inrcophagus, which fliews by it's dimen- sions, that men were of the iame fize then as now. The external part is chiefly built ot gieat fquares Hones, of an equal fize, without either lime or cramps of any me- tal. This pyramid is three hours journey from Old Cairo, and the tntiance into it is on the N. fide. The opening leads fuc- ctfiivcly vo five different pafl'.ges, which, though rimning upward, downward, and horizontally, tend all toward the S. and terminate in two chamiiets, the one under- neath; and the other in the ceiuie of the P Y R pyramid. In the upper chamber Is th« larcophagus ju(t mentioned ; it is of gra- nite, and if ftruck wiih a key, foundi al- moft like a bell. The afcent ti» the top of the pyramid on the out fide is by fteps, which are the height of each (lone, the lowermoft of which is 4 feet high, and 5 broad j but they were not originally de- figned for this purpofe. The bafe at the N. fide of it is 693 feet, and as the pyra-. mid is exailly fquarc, the other fides mud be of the fame length. If we imagine 4 equilateral triangles, mutually inclining till they all meet in a point at the top, we fliall then have a true notion of the dimenfions and figure of this pyramid j the perimeter of each triangle compre- hending 2079 feet, and the perimeter of the bafis 2772 feet. Whence the whole area of the bafe contains 480,049 fquare feet, or 11 acres and fomewhat more. However, the top does not end in a point, but in a little flat, or fquare, where fome imagine the Egyptian priefts made their aftronomical obfervations. One of the pyramids, about 150 feet high, is built with bricks of uncommon dimenfions, fup- polisd by fome to have been the work of the enflaved Ifraelites ; who, according to Jofephusj were obliged, under Pharaoh, to cut canals for the Nile, build walls, and ereft pyramids. PVRENEAN MoUtJT.-MNS, or PYRE- NEES, mountains which divide France from Spain, and extend from the Mediter- ranean to the ocean, being about 212 miles in length. They have different names, according to the different places la which they {fand. There are only 5 pafF- ages over them from one country to the ether J the 3 principal of which are froin St. Scuaflian to St. Jean de Luz, from Pampeluna to St. Jean de Luz, and froni Jonqueira to Perpignan. Thefe moun- tains yield great quantities of timberi with abundance of pitch and tar. Pyrenees, Eastern, a department of France, containing the late province of Roufillon. Although great part of it is mountainous, it is fertile; producing corn, excellent wines, olives, oranges, and leather of a fuperior quality. 'I'erpignan is the chief town. Pyrenees, Lower, a department of France, compofcd of the provinces of Beam, Navarre, and part of Gafcony. Pau is the capital. See Navarre. Pyrenees, Upper, a depart inent of France, coinpofetl chiefly of the late pro- vince of Bigorre. It produces excellent horfes and good partridges. It's valleys are v::y fertile ; furnifiiing rve, niillct, Spa- nifh P Y R nifli corn, and flax. The mountains have mines of lead, iron, and copper, and quar- ries of flate, fine marble, and jalper. Tar- bes is the capital. Pyrmont, a town and county of Wcft- phalia. At a little diftance from it are mineral waters, of a vinous acid tarte, well known throughout Europe, and much fre- quented. It is 1 2 miles SW. of Hameln, and 40 SW. of Hanover. P Y W Pyrna, a town of MeilTen, Upper Sax- cny. Near it is a very fine quarry of ftone, which is tranfported to different places by the river Elbe, on which it is leafed, 10 miles SE. of Drefden. Pyseck, a town of Prachin, Bohe- mia. Pjivorthy, Devon/hire, near Houlfwor- thy. QUA ^^UACKENBRUCK.atownofWtft- \^r phalia, in Ofnaburg. ^iuADAY, orCuADAC, 3 fea-port of Afia, in Tonquin, on a river of the lame name. Qua DIN, a town in Upper Egypt, ftat- ed on the Nile, between Elhe and Dander. It is remarkable for a great number of valuable and ancient monuments. Sluadrage, Devonlhire, in the parlfh of Houlfwortliy, Siuadnng, Lincolnflure, SE. of Dunnington. ^are, Wilts, on the Madder, near Wilton. S^ainton, Bucks, NW. of Aylefbury. Quaku, or QuAquA, a diftriSt of Acambou, in Guinea, on the Gold Coaft. The manufafture of cotton habits, called Qiiaqua gowns, forms a coniiderable branch of trade here. Siuaney, Camb. near Miluenhall-Fen. Quang-Si, an inland province in the S. of China, fituated to the NE. of Ton- quin. It produces plenty of rice, being watered by feveral large rivers. The louthern part is a fJat country, and well cultivated ; but the northern is full of mountains covertd with trees. It con- tains mines of all forts ; and particularly a gold mine. They have a particular tree, of whofe pith they make bread; and there aie little infefls which produce white wax. A prodigious number of wild ani- mals, curious birds, and uncommon in- fefts are found here. The capital is Q^i^ic- ling, or Kouei-ling. QuANG-TONG, QuAMTUM, or Ca:;- TON, a province of China, bounded on the E. by Kiang-Si and Foklen, on the S. by the ocean, and on the W. by Tonquin and Quang-fi. It is diverfified by valleys and mountains, and yields two crops of corn in a year. It abounds in gold, jew- els, filk, pearls, tin, quickfilver, fugar, brafs, iron, Iteel, faltpetre, ebony, and fe- veral forts of odoriferous woodj befide fruits of all fgrts. They have lemons of QUE the fize of a man's head ; and another foit which grows out at the trunk of the tree, whofe rind is very hard, and contains a great number of little cells full of an ex- cellent yellow pulp. They have a tree, whofe wood is remarkably hard and heavy, and thence called iron wood : and a prodi- gious number of ducks, whofe eggs they hatch in ovens. A great number of fmalf barks are loaded with thefe ducks, and carried to feed on the fea-lhore, where, at low water, they find fhrlmps, oyfters, and other fliell fifli. Thefe fmall fleets gene- rally go in companies, and the ducks mix together on the Ihore ; but when night ap- proaches, they are colle6ted togetlier by beating on a bafin ; they immediately form themfelves into different flocks, and ?acl» returns to the velfcl it belongs to. The mountains are covered with a fort of ofiers, which creep along the ground, and are fo tough that they make bafkets, hurdles, liiats, and ropes of them. Canton i$ tLt* capital. SiuoMoch Hills, in Somerfetfhire. ^an~ tock's-Head, E. and W. Somcrletf. near Watchet. Quarendon, Bucks, in Bearton parifl), Ayleibury-Vale. S^uaretidon, Ltic. 2 miles N. of ^Iountforrel. S^varington, 4. miles SE. of Durham, ^aringtcri, Lincolnf. near Slealord. S^aringtcn, cr ^lather ingtofi, Kent, in Mcrllum parifh. !^arkJlo7t, Dorfetlhire, SW. of Blandford, parley, Hints, NW. of the Wallops.' £>Har/fdon, near Derby, ^aniford, Staf- fordf. in Alftonfield parifli, S!uarr, Dor- fetf. in Purbeck Ifle, a little E. of Hay- croft. S^iarr, Ifle of Wight, between Newport and St. Helen's, i^^uarry Hill, 4. miles from Durham. QuARTEN, a town of SvvifTerland, near Wallcnftadt-Lake, 5 miles E. of Glarus, ^^at, Shroj'lhire, on the Severn, E. of Chelmarlh. i^tatford, Shropfhire, on the Severn, a mile below Bridgnorth. Quebec, ^ l^rge mi-Moor, So- mcrletfliire, near Wefton. i^teen-Park, Warwickfhire, W. of Kenilworth. Queen's Ferry, a town of Linlith- gowiiiire, feated on the Frith of Forth, wheie it is not more than a miles wide. It is a much fi-equented ferry, and is 9 miles W. of Edinburgh. ^icen Jjiavd, one of the Blafquet- Iflands, on the coaft of Kerry, Mnnffer. ^eintoit Glouc. 5 miles N. of Camp- den, ii^iu'intof!, Upper and Loiver, Glouc. in Qucinton parifh. S^ueies, Kent, in. Thanet Kle, near Bichington. S^uenberj, Herts, NW. of Bifhop's Stortforil. S^ueii' by, Leicef. near BiHllon. !^(eiidon, ElTex, near Newport, ^uemhro-iv, Leicef. SE. of Mountlbrrel, ^eningto:!^ Gkucef. y. m lc2 QUI miles from Fairford. i^tenny, a river in Shropfliire. S^emck-Chapel, Monmoutii- Ihire, N. of Caeilcon. QuENTiN, St. a town In the dept. of Aifhe, near the Somme. Here is a confi- derable manufaftory of lawns and cam- brics. Near this place, in i 557, the Spa- aiards gained a fignal vi£lory over the French, and afterwards took the town by ftorin. It is fcated on an eminence, 21 miles S. of Cambray, and 83 N. by E. of Paris. QuERCi,a ci-devant province of France, divided into the Upper and Lower, and fertile in corn, wine, and frnits. It now forms the department of Lot. QuERFURT, a town of Upper Saxony, capital of a county of the f^iine name. QuERKEiNESS, or Kerkeines, an- ciently Cercina, two iflands on the coaft or Tripoli, containing fcveral villages. S^iern, Gloucefterfhire, hvCii tnccfter. QaESNOY, a fmall fortified town in the dept. ot the North, feated in an extenfive plain, on the little river Ronelle. It was taken by the allies, under the Duke of Ormond and the Prince P^ugene, in 1712, and retaken by the French tlie fame year. It is 9 miles SSE. of Valenciennes. S^itethiock, Cornwall, E. of Leikard. Slue'vinyjon, Glouceiterftiire, near the Coin and Fairjord. QuiBO, or QuEYPO, a town of Colta Ricco, in Mexico, near the S. Sea. QuiBERON, a fmall peniniula in the dept. of Morbihan, to the N, of Bclleifle ; as aifo a fmall ifland, called the Point of Qn^iberon, feparated from the peninfula by a channel ; and the fea next it is called the Bay of Qt^iberon. It is remarkable for an ill-conccived and unfortunate expe- dition againit France, of Englifh troops and emigrants, in 1795. A terrible (laughter was made of thefe laft devoted men, who feem, on this occafion, to have formed the forlorn hope; they were pufhed foremoft in attack, and left behind in re- treat. Slukkbury, Eflex, W. of the Rodings. Sluickfnioood, Herts, by B'ddock. Siuid- denham, Norfolk, by E. HarJing. Slui- Halt, 5 miles from Cambridge. QuiLLEEEUF, a I'inall town in the dept. of Eure, feated on the river Seine, 8 miles SW. of Caudcbec, and 22 W. ofRonen, QuiLMANCi, a town and river of Z;in- guebar, on the coaft of Melinda, hoiden by the Portuguefe. Lat. 2. o. S. QuiLOA, a kingdom on the coaft of Zanguebar, near the mouth of the Coavo, exteriding about 60 leagues from N. to S. They all fpeak the Arabic language, it Q u I IS fertile, abounding in all the reccfH^-. ries of life, but tributary to the Portu. guefe. Lat. of the principal town, juai" the mouth of the Cavao, 8 50. S. QuiLON. SeeCouLAN. QuiMPER, a town in the dept. of Fi- niftcrre, feated on the Oder. Large hark •. may come up to this town at high wuicr. It is 30 miles SSE. of Breft. QuiMPERLE, a town in the dept. of Fi- ilterre, feared on the river libuc, 8 miks NW. oi L'Orienr. 9uin, in Clare, Munfter. Qui N GEY, a town in thedept. of Doubs, 12 miles SW, of Bt;'a;;(|-on. QuiNTiN', a town in the dept. of the North Ccart, S miJcs SW. of St. Brieux, an J 200 W. of Paris. ^intin Bay, in Down, Uifter, near' Donaghadee Harbour. ^.intin-CaJile, in Down, Uifter, 2 miles S. of Poitaleny. ^inton, NoVthamp. near Sacy-P'oreft. QuiRiEU, a town in the dept. of licre, 12 miles E. of Lyons. QuiRiMBA, or QuERiBA, a clufter of iflantis on the coaft oi Zanguebar, fertile in fruits and paftures. Lat. 11. 40. S. QuiSTELLO, a town of Mantua. QuiTEVA, or KiTEA, a town of Da- rah, a country of Africa, partly dependant on Morocco. Quito, a town of S. America, capital of an audience, feated in a pleaiant valley, between two chains of the Andes, on higher ground than the reft of Peru that is habitable, being above 300 yards higher than the level of the fea. It is a bifliop's fee, and contains feveral convents and an univerfily. All forts of mercbandife and commodities are exceedingly dear, princi- pally on account of the ditiiculty of biinjj- ing tliem hither. The inhabitants amjuoc to between 50 and 60,000. Lat, o. 13. S. Ion. 77. 50. W. Quito, in audience in the viceroyalty of Terra Firma, 8. America, lying be- tween two chains of the Andes. The lands are generally well cultivated, and there are a great r.umher of towns and villages inhabited by the Spaniards, or native Americans. Every villdge is adorned with a large fquare, and the church ftands on one (\dc of it. The ftreets are geneiaily ftraight, and refpect the four quarters of the world ; and, in- deed, all the roai's are liid out in a line, crofting each other, infomuch that the afpeft of the country has liic appearance of a large garden. It might be imagined this is a very hot country; but it ft.inds fo high, and ib near the mountains cover- ed with fnow, that the air is very tcinpe- N II i i-^e. Q u I rate. There are no noxious animals ; lor the tigers and ierpeiits are below in the forelts. They might hive pltiity ot wine litic, it flie people or Lima had not an exclufive piivileg<. of making it them- felves. Tlicy l)nve no vicunas, oi guana- cocs here, l)iit tiiey iiave an animal of the iamc kiri'l, called by the natives lamas, which is like a finall camel, and can carry 50 pounds weight. They have the va- xioui forts of materials proper for dying, and feveial Ibrts of finiis and plants, which have been brought from Spain, be- lide thofe that naturally grow here; Tiiey have alfo imported beeves and fheep. In the N. parts, ihey get a great deal of gold. The connnerce is principally cariied on by Kuropeans. This piovince confifls of 9 juri(di(5lions : Ibarra ; Otabala ; Quito ; Latacunga ; Riobamba; Chimbo, or Gua- randa ; Guayaquil j Cucrca; and Loja. After the conquelt by the Spaniards, Qu^ito was annexed to Peru j but a new govern- QUO ment having been erefled at Santa Fe cfe Bagoda, it was difmembered rrom Peru and annexed to New Granada. Quixos, a djllriit of Quito, in S. America. QuiZAMA, a maritime country of Africa, in Angola, along the ririr Coan- ra. It is mountainous, arid little culti- vated ; but the Portuguei'e get abundance of honey, wax, and fait. - QuiziNA, orTETisis, a chain of moun- tains ii, Fez, above 90 miles in extent. aiuobley-Creen, Hamplhire, 4 miles from Biftiop's-Waltham. QuojA, an inland country of Africa, lying about 100 milts N. ol the coall of Guinea. It is faid to extend from Sierra Leone to the Grain Coalt, and to contain, befidcs Quoja Proper, the kingdoms of Bolm, Giln, Qii_illigia, and Carredahu. QUONBOROUGH. See QUEENEO- ROUCH. R A B RAAB, or GVOR, a town of Hun- gary, feated near the confluence of the rivers Danube, Raab, and Rabnitz, 55 miles SE. of Vienna. Raarsf.y, one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, E. of Skye. It is 7 njiles long, and 3 broad. The foil is fitter tor pafture than agriculture. There is plenty of wood on it, arni a good quarry of ftone. Rabastens, a town in the dept. of the Upper Pyrenees, 10 miles NNE. of Tarbe. Rabat, a town of Morocco, on the coafl of the Atlantic, oppofite Sallee, near the mouth of the river. The Europeans have had, at intervals, fevcral factories here ; and Rabat is now the moll: proper place for trade of any on this coall. The inhabitants are much employed in making gauzes and filk ftuffs. Rabbit -Jjlan J, in Kerry, Munfter, W. of Innisfallen. It is chiefly remarkable for it's qunnies of good lime-ftone, RabUy. Heath, Htrts, near South Mims. Raby, Chertiire, between the Dee and the Merfey. Raby-Cajiky Durham, by Stain- drop : an irregular magnificent pile, of great fizc, built by John de Neville, about the year 1738, and now the refidenceof the Earl of D.'irlington. It is an entire em- battled fortrels, with feveral great fqtiare towers, and is furrounded by a great tols, and a fine parade garnilhed with battle- RAD ments. Raby-Cotes^ Cumberland, N. of the Holn). Racah'dl, in Limerick, Munfter. Rachore, a city and diftri^ of Hin- doolfan, lubjeft to the nizam of the Dec- can. It is feated In the country of Gol- conda, on the S. bank of the Kiftna, 70 miles SW. of Hydrabad. Rack'inford, Devonlhire, NW. of Ti- verton. Rackham, Suflex. Rackheatb, near Norwich. Raclia, a fmall ifland of the Archipe- lago, near that of Nio, only inhabited by two or three monks, who take care of a few flieep and goats. Raconigi, a town of Savigliano, Pied- mont, 8 miles NE. of Sakizzo. Racofle, a village in Dublin, Leinfter, 7 miles from the metropolis. /?«.'?an, Suflex, NW.otChichefter./?^^- born, Wilts, between Worton-Baflet and Highworth. Radbrcok, Glouc. in Quein- ton pari 111. Radburn Hall, near Derby. Radcot- Bridge, Oxt. in Langford pariih. Raddinfloivn, in Meath, Leinfter. Raddon, 01 Rodden, Someri'etfhire, E. of Frome. Raddon, Devonfliire, in Shobrook parifli. Radjieid- Chapel, Kent, in Bap- child pariih. Radford, near Nottingham. Radford, Nott. in Workfop parifli. Rad- ford, Warw. near Coventry. RadforU- Simely, VVarwickftilre, near Offchurch. Rj\DXCOFANl. a town of Tuicany, Riidi^undfSf RAG Radi^undes, Kent, near Dover. Radl- pole, Dorfeif. 2 miles from Melcomb-Re- gis. Rad/eflon, Doiletf. near Blandford. Radley Hall, Berks, by Abingdon. Rad- ley-Hall, Effex, W. of Terling. Radmansdorf, a town of Carniola. Radmill, SufTex, S. of Lewes. Radmort, StafFordr. in Cannock- Foreft. Radnage, Bucks, E. of Stoken-Cluirch. RadneJiocL; Somerfetfhire, between Gedney-Moor and Mendip. Radnor, Chcfliire, on the Dane, oppofite to Congleton. *Radnor, New, a town of S. Wales, in Radaorftiire, formerly the county. town ; but the aiTizes are now held at Prefteign. It has one extraordinary privilege, that of keeping a court of pleas for all actions, without being limited to any particular fum. It is feated near the fpring head of rhe river Somergil, 24. miles NW. of Here- ford, and 156 WNW. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Radnorshire, a county of S. Wales, 15 miles in length, and 22 in breadth; bounded on the E. by Shropfliirc and He- refordfliiie; on tlie W. the SW. and S, by Cardiganfliire and Brecknockfhire ; and on the N. by Montgomerylhire. It con- tains 52 parifhes, 6 iKindrods, and 4 mar- ket towns. The E. and S. parts of this county are tolerably level, and produiSlive of corn ; the other pnrts are rude and mountainous, devoted ciiiefly to the rear- ing of cattle and flieep. The NW. angle is an abl'olu'e defers, and almoft impalf- ^able. Radnor is the county-town, but the afTlzes are iicid at Piefteign. Radom, a town of Sandoming, Poland. Radon- Park, Yorkftiire, near Bowland- Forrft, Radstadt, in Sal-zburg, Bavaria. RadJJock, Somerf. NE. of Midfummer- Norton. Radflone. Noithaniptonf. N. of Brackley. RadiA'ay, Warw. on the fkirt of EJgchill. Radiuell, Bedf, near Blet- foe. Radi-vinter, EllVx, near Colchtiter. Rn^hy, Yorkf. SE. of Wak'field. Rag- dale, Lftic. NW. olMelfon-Mowbray. Ragcivolo, a town of Mantua. Raghlin, an ifliml on the W. coaft of Donegal, in Ullltr. Lat. 54. 36. N. Ragilbury, Somerlctfliire, W. of Stan- ton-Drew. Ragland Caflle, Monm. on the Oihicy river, N, of Ulk; a large and noble ruin, more perf^fl than ruins of ihis kind com- monly are. Ragley, Warw, near Alcefler. Ragnell, Nottinghamf. in Dunham manor. Ragnitz, a town of E. Pruflia. Ragusa, in Val-di Noto, Sicily. Ragusa, a city of Dalmatia, and capi- tal of the Ragiifan, with a harbour. It R A L is about 2 miles in circumference. Is pretty well built, and has an inacccflTibie moun- tain on the land fide, and on the fide of the fea a Itrong fort. The citizens are all traders, and this place is diltinguifhed by the finenefs of it's manufaftures. It is a republic, and has a doge, like that of Ve- nice, who continues only a month in office. During his adminiftrarion, he lives in the palace, wears a long filk robe with white fleeves, and receives 5 ducats a month. It is 60 miles NW. of Scutari. Lat. 42. 5S. N. Ion. 18. 10. E. Ragusan, The, a fmall territory in Dalmatia, in Europe, containing 4 towns, and a few fmall idands in the Adriatic. The language in common ufe is the Scla- vonian, bist moft of the citizens (peak the Italian. Before the piel'tnt war, it was a republic, under the prottflion of the Turks and Venetians. Ragufa is the ca- pital. Raheny, a village of Dublin, near the fea, 4 miles N. of the metropolis. Rad- holp, in Down, Ulfter. Rajapour, a town of Hindooftan, 011 the coaft ofConcan, 6 miles N. of Ghcriah. Rajemal, a town of Bengal, formerly a place of great trade, but now in a ruin- ous ftate. It is feated on the W. bank of the Ganges, 190 miles N. by W. of Cal- cutta. Rain, a town of Upper Bavaria, taken by the Englifli and Impeiiallils in 1704. Rain'feldc.n', a town 01' Aultria. Rainejhorcugh , Northamp. near Charl- ton. Ruinford, Lane, between Welt Dar- by and Wigan. Rainham, a village of ElTex, a mile from the Thames, where there is a ferr-y to Erith, in Kent. The mar/hes in this neighbourhood are uncom- monly fine, and covered with prodigious numbers of cartle. It is 15 miles E. of London. Rainham, Kent, 4 milts E. of Roc'aefter. P.ainkam-Hail, Nurf between Lytcham and F.ik'.nham. Rainlnm, Sts. Margaret, Martin, and Mary, Noif. W. of Rainham Hill. Raintill, Lnnc. neac Prelcot. Rairton, Ynrkl. S. of Thirlk. Rainy, or Long Lake, a lake of N. America, NW. of Like Superior. It is nearly iqo miles long, but in no part more than ?.o iniks widt. Raij'gill-Hall, Weftm. between Lang- dale and Sunbiggin, on the rivulet Raile- bcck, near where it falls into the Lune. Rakesrurc, a to vn of Stiria. Rakka, a town ot Di.trbekir. Rakomtz, a town and circle of Bo- hemi:;, Z4 miles W. of Pirigue. Raleigh, Devondiire, near Bamrtaplc. Ralithane, in King's County, Leinlfcr. N n 3 ' RAM^^, R A M Rama, or Ramle, a town of Paleftlne. Ramada, cr New Salamanca* a town ot St. M.utha, 'JVrra Firina, 90 iiiiits E. of St. Martlia. Ramanan'cor. See Ramissu«.am. Rambert-de-Joux, St. a town in the ticpt. ot Ain> 18 miles SSE. of Bour- gcn Bitfff. Rambervilliers, a town in tlie (lept. of the VoCges, 19 miles NNE. of Mire- coinr. Rambouillet, a town in theciept. of the Seine and Oil'e, 27 miles SW. of Paris. '?'^/?.v, Cornwall, near Mouiit-Ecigcuinb. Bere is a promontory called Ramehead, which ferves as a fea-mark, anJ lies a lit- tle SW. of Plymouth. Ra;;ie, Cornwall, N\V. of Peii.yn. Ram Jjland, in Lough jSIengh, Ulfter. Rameru, a town in the dept. of Aube, J 8 miles NNE. of Troyes. Raniejhead, Hsnts, S. of portfmouth. Ramicael, m Dublin, Leirfter. Ramillies, a village in the late Au- ftrian Biabant, memorabic for a l-iattie fought here in 1706, between the allies, vmder the D'.ilce ot Marlborough and the Jvlarnial d'Auverqiierque, and the French, under the Marfnal Viileroy and the Elec- tor of Bavaria. The iatier loft all their baggage and artillery, about 120 ftand- ards, 600 officers, and 6000 private fol- dicrs, befides abovit 8000 killed and -wounded. The lofs of the former did not exceed 3000 men. Ramisseram, an ifland in the Indi:in Sea, between Ceylon and the coaft of Ma- dura, about 30 miles in circumference. The Ibii is fandy. It contains a tew vil- lages and a pagoda. Lat. 9. 18. N. Ion. 79. ^^. E. Rammfkens, a fortrefs of Zealand, on the Jflc cf V/alchtren. Ra.mmeleerg, a town of Man^feld, Uj)per Sjixony. There is a mountain of the iame name, in which there is a rich mine of lead, copper, zink, &c. near Collar, Rampano, a town in the Morea, Rampijham, Dorfetf. a mile and a half from Wroxhall. Rampfon, Camb. n<.ar Cottenhr.m. Rampton, Ncttingh. NE. of Tuxtord. Ravtjlury, Wilts, on the Ken- ret, brtwecn Newbury and Marlborough. Ramflean, Hamplhire, W. of Petersfield. Rarr:fdc>7, Oxfonif. between Charlbury aiid Witney. Ram/dan. Bellheufe, Cray, and Henth, EffVx, near BrLcricay. *Ramsbury, a fmall town in Wilt- fhire, noted f-.T it's fine beer. It is 4.6 miles E. of Briiiol, and ^19 W. of London. RAMSEy, a town of HuntingdonJliire, RAN formerly famous for it's wealthy abbey, and calkVl Ran^fcy the Rich. Part of the gate-hoiife yet remains, with a negleflfd Itatue of Ailuin, the epitaph of wliofe tomb is reckoned one of the oldcft pieces pf Engiifli fcnipture extant. Aiiuin is therein ifyled kinlman of tlie famous king Edward, alderman of all England, and the miraculous founder of this abbey. It is feated in the fens, among rich groimd, proper for lillage and parture, and near the nictrs of Ramtey and Whitlefey, which abound with fowl, and excellent pikes and eels. It is iz miles NNE. of Hunting- don, and 69 N. of London. Market on Saturday. Ramsey, an ifland of S. Wales, on the coatl of Pembrokefhire, about 2 miles in length, and a mile and a half broad. Near it are feveral fmall ones, known by the name of the Bilhop and his Clerks. It is 4. milrs SSW. of St. David's. Ramsey, a town on the NE. coaft of the Kie of Man, with a fpacious haven, in which the largeft fleets may ride at an- chor, with fatety from all winds but the NE. and then iliey need not be embayed. Ramfey, EfTex, near Harwich. Ram- fey, Eflex, an ifland near St. Ofyth's. Ramsgate, a fea-port of Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet, where two very fubftantial ftonc piers have been lately built for the fecurity of the harbour, which is now ca- pable of receiving 200 fail of (hips. Ramfgate has fome trade to the Baltic, and is much reforted to as a bathing place. It is 6 miles S. of Margate. Ramfgill, Yorkf. W, Riding, in Ne- therdale. Ratnjliolt, Suffolk, near Wood- bridge. Ramfide, 2 miles from Durham. Ramftde, Luncaf. between Barohead and Foulney-Ifle. Ramfmill, Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, N. of Langltrethdale-Chace. Ram- for, Staffbrdf. near Wotton-under-Wever. RamuUi>t, in Donegal, Ulfter. Ranai, or Oranai, one of the Sand- wich Iflands, in the N. Pacific Ocean, dif- covered by Captain Cook, about 3 leagues W. of Mowee. The country to the fouth is high and craggy j but the other parts have a belter afpe6l. It produces very few plantains and bread-fruit trees, but abounds in yams, fweet potatoes, and tare. The inhabitants were about 20,000. Ranhy, Nottinghamfliire, in the pa- rifhes of Blithe and Babwoith. Rancmeria, a town of St. Martha, S. America. Ra>id, Lincoinftiire, near Wragby. Ran DAL ST OWN, a town in Antrim, Ulfter, 88 miUs from Dublin. Rand-'yt Lincolnl. N\V. of Horncaftlc. RanCers, RAP RA^'^ER5, a town of N. Jutland, near tlie inoutli of the river Gulden, on ihe Baltic. Near it is a plentiful ralinon fifli- cry. It is 20 miles E. of Viborg. Ran Jon Batail, Nonhumb. in Herfe- fiieved manor. Randiuick, Gl©ucefterfhire, 3 miles NW. of Stroucl. Kandnll, Si. Somerl'etfhiie, W. of Crewkern. Raii'dagh, in Wicklow, Ltinfter. Ra- neiagb, a mile S. of Dublin. Range-xvorthy, Gloucelierfliire, 3 miles from Wick'ware, and 3 from Tliornbui v. Rankejborovj-Hill, Rutlaudf. N W. of Cat- mofs-Vale. Ranmer, Surry, a range of hills near Box-iiill, from which there are very exrenfive views. Rannoch Loch, a lake in the N, of Perthlhire, about 8 miles in length, to tile E. of George's Town, and S. of Loch Eiicht. Ranonx), Cliefhire,W. of the Shire ftones, by Macclesiield-Foreft. Ranjkill, Not- tiiighamfliire, in Blithe parifh. Ranjhny Dorl'etfliire, near i^hrowton. Rantampour., a town and diftrl6t of Agimere, 86 miles E. of the city of Agi- mere. Ranting JVheel, a rock in Srrangford- Bay, in Down, Ulfter, occafioning an ed- dy-tide, or whirlpool, vtry dangerous lor boats at the entrance of the bay. It lies near Qn^intin-Point, and is moftly under water. Ratiton, StafFordfhIre, SE. of EccUflial. Rantzau, a coun'y of Holftein. Ranvjorth, Norfolk, on the Bure, oppo- fite Lu^ham, SE. of Wroxham-Bridge. Raolconda, a town of Golconda, near which aie Ibme diamond mines. It is 60 miles NW. of Rachores. Raon l'Etape, a town in thedept. of the Vofges, 8 miles N. of St. Dicg. Rapallo, a town and bay of Genoa. '*RAPHOii, a town in Donegal, Ulller, 107 miles NNW. of Dublin. Rapperschweil, a fmall republic and town of Swiflcrland. It Is under the proteftion of the cantons of Zurich and Bcrii, and is governed by a great anj lit- tle council, confifting of 4.8 members. It's territory is about a league in circum- ference, and comprehends three pariflies, on the N. fide of the Lake of Zurich. Tl;e town is feated on a neck of land, which advances into the lake, and over which is a bridge near 1850 paces long, built by the Counts of Habfpurg, in 1358, It contains 200 burghrrs, and about 1000 inhabitants, who are of the duirch of Rome. It is 12 miles SE. of TSMvich. Rapolftein, a town in the dept. of RAT the Upper Rhine, called in French Rlbaii- Pierre. It is 8 miles N. of Colmar. Rapolla, atownof Bafilicata, Naples, _ Rappahannoc, a river of N. Ame- rica, which rlfing in the NE. mountain* of Virginia, and running ESE. falls into the Bay of Chefapeak, about 26 miles S. ot the month of the Potomack. It is deep near the Cea, and up to Fredericlburg, no irom it's mouth, it affords 6 feet depth of water. Raritan, a river of N. America, in the Rate of New Jerfey, which palling by Brunlwick and Amboy, mingles with the Arthur Kuli Sound, and helps to form the fine harbour of Amboy. Rascia, a territory in the N. part of Servia, which takes it's name from the ri- ver Rafca. It is fubjeft to Auftria. Rafdale-Abhey, Yorklhire, N. Riding, S. of Danby-Parki Raseborg, a fea-port of Nyland, ir\ Finland, 30 miles SE. of Abo. *Rasen, a town of Lincolnfhire, com- monly called Mukct-Rilen, to dlflin- guilli it from Ead-, Welf, and Middle Raiiin in it's neighboin"hoo, Yorklhire, E. Riding, near York-Woulds. Rnjh'ick, Yorkflure, N. of Hutherifieki. RaSY. SeeRAARSEY. Rally, 3 miles from Lt^icefter. Rat- cliff, Lancaf. near Bury. Ratcliff, Nott. near Worklbp. Ratctiff, Nott. up-n the Soar, near it's conHux with the Trent. Ratcliff'-upon-'Tri'nt, SE. of Nottingham, Ratcliff-vpon IVreak, Leicefterlhire, E. of Mounrforrel. Rathjngan, a thriving village in Kli- dare, Lemller, feated on the N. bank of the Grand Canal. Rathheag, in Kilken- ny, Leinfter. Rnthbraiui, m Wicklow, Leinlter. RathbriJcy in Kildare, Leln- iter. Rathby, Lincolnfhire, SW. of Loufh. Raihclareand Rathclaini, both in Cork, N II 4- Munfter, RAT Munfter. Rathconnel, in Kildarc, Leiii- fter. Ralhcooly fee Raroole. Rathcormuck, a town of Cork, in MunJter, iii miles SSW. of Dublin. Rath Criiyhan, in Rofcoinmon, Con- nniightjUcarEiphin. Ra/h Doivn,othtr. wile called (be Grounds, are flitlves or banks of fand, filuated along the coall: in the Iri/h Channel, which appear dry even ?.t high water, yet between them and the fliore, the water is 7 fathoms deep. Rath- do'xvny, in Qnecn's County, Leinfter. *Rathdrum, a town of Wicklow, in Leinfter, noted for it's monthly market for flannels. It is 25 miles S. of Dublin. Rather, or Neither, a river in Yorkfliire, which runs into the Dent, below Sed- bergh. Rathenau, a town in the Middle Marche, Brandenburg. Ratkfarnham, a pleafant village in Dub- lin, Lcnifler, 2 miles S. of the metropolis. Ratbfran, in Mayo, Connaught. * Rathfriland, a town of Down, in Ulfter. It fs feated on a rifing ground, having four large ftraight roads leading up to it, and entering in the town, 57 miles N. of Dublin. *Rathkeal, a town of Limerick, in Munfter. It is feated on the river Deel, 308 miles from Dublin. * Rathmelton, a village of Donegal, SnUJiter; feated on Lough Swilly, 13a miles NNW. of Dublin. Rathmill, Yorkf. in Gigglefwlck parifh. Raihmi/ies, a village of Dublin, in Leinfter, one mile S. of the nietjopolis. Rathmolion, and Ratkmore, both in Meath, Leinfter. Rathmoylan, a parifti in Water- ford, Munfter, on the coall: of which there are feveral caves and fubterraneous paf- fages. Rath-Oixjetif in Weft Meath, Lein- fter. Rathronan, in Waterford, Munfter. Rathfallagh, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Rath. Jkerkin, in Antrim, Ulfter. Rathvilly, in Carlovv, Leinfter. Ratibor, a town of Sileiia, capital of a principality of the fame name. It is feated en the river Oder, in a country fertile in corn and fruits, 15 miles NE. of Trop- paw, and 142 E. of Prague. Ratisbon, or RegensPerg, an im- perial city of Bavaria, anciently the feat of the dukes, with a bifliop's fee, whofe bilhop is a prince of the empire. It is lull ot g^:ntiy, and in it there are very hsndfome ftru6\ures, particularly fix mo- nafteries. The town-houfe is magnifi- cent, in the hall of which the general diet cf the empire has conftantly mt , ever fince 3662, with only two interruptions; in 3713* when it was transferred for fome R A V time to Augftjurg, on account of the plague; and in 1742, for a few years to Frankfort. It is an important ftaple for fait, and large quantities of corn, wood, provifions. Sec, are ftiipped for Vienna. It is feated on the Danube, over which is a ftone bridge of 15 arches. The in- habitants, in general, are Proteftants, as all the magiftra'es muft be. It is 5'i miles NNE. of Munich. Lat. 48. 56. N. Ion. 1 1. 47, E. Ratley, near Buckingham. Ratlej/t Warwick (liiie, near Edgehill. Ratling- Court, Kent, near Nonington. Ratling- hope, Shropfliire, near*Alftretton. Ratoath, in Meath, Leinfter. Ratolfzel, a town of Suabia, near the W. end of the Lake of Conftance, fub- je6t to the Houfe of Auftria. Ratfey, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Watton. Ratten, Suftex, in Willingdon parifh. Rattenberc, a town in the Tirol. RattendoH, ElTox, near Billericay. Rat* ten-Raiv, Northumberland, NW. of Cor- fenfide, neir Sniallburn. Ratten Roia;, Cumberland, in Caldbeck parifti. Rattlef- den, Suffolk, 4 miles W. of Stow-Market, Ratzeburg, a townof Lower Saxony, feated on an iftand, in the midft of a lake, about 30 miles in circumference ; the banks of which are abrupt, and pleafantly feathered with wood. The town belongs partly to the duchy of Mecklenburg Stre- litz, and partly to that of Saxe Lawen. burgh. The principality of Ratzeburg extends about 10 miles each way, between Mecklenburg and Saxe Lauenburg, and is fubjeft to Mecklenburg Strelitz. Ratze- burg is 20 miles S. Lubec. Ratzia. See Rascia. Rava, or Rawa, a town and palati, nate of Poland. The caftle is appropri- ated for the reception of ftate prilbners. The houfes are built of wood, and the town is feated in a morafs, proceeding from the river Rava, by which it is furrounded. It is 55 miles SSW. of Waifaw, Raucoux, a village of Liege. Rauder/ide-Hall, Cumberland, on the Pcterel, N. of Penrith. Ravello, a fea-port of Principato Citra. Ra'vendale, Lincolnf. between Thoug- cafter and Salifleet Haven. Ravenglass, a well-built town iq Cumberland, with a good road for fliip- ping. It is feated between the rivers Irt and Eik, which, with the fea, encompafs three parts of it. The principal trade is is fiftiing. It is 24 miles S. of Cocker- mouth, and 284NNW. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Ravenna, R A U Ravenna, an ancient and celebrated city of Romagna, in the pope's territory, with two acaJemies, feveral colleges, and a great number of religious houles. It was formerly very confiderable, but it has greatly futfered fjiice the lea has withdrawn two miles from i(. It contains about 14,000 inhabitants, and is moll remark- able now for the excellent wine produced in it's neighbourhood. Theodoiic, king of the Goths, refided here, and afterward the exarchs of the Greek emperors. In the fixth century, when there were three popes at the lame time, one lived at Ra- venna. The mauiolcum of Theoduric is ftill to be feen, remarkable for being cover- ed by a fingle ftone, 28 feet in diameter, and 15 thick. This place is feated near the river Mantone, 37 miles SE. of Fer- rara, and 162 N. of Rome. Raqjenpike-Hilh Lane. NW. of Bolton. Raven SPERG, a county of Germany, in Wcftphalia, S. of Minden and Ofna- burg, holden by the king of PrulTia. Her- vorden is the capital. Ravenseurg, a free and imperial town of Germany, in the circle ot Sualtia. It is well built, and the public ltru6lures are handiome. The inhabitants are partly Proteftants, and partly Romanifts. It is feated on the river Cheufs, 15 miles NW, of Lindaw. Ra'venjhurn, a river in Kent, running into the Thames, between Deptford and Greenwich. Rwvenfcroft, Chelhire, NE. of Kinderton. Rwvenfdale, in Louth, Lelnfter. RavenfJen, NE. of Bedford. Ra'venf- field, Yoiklhire, NE. of Rotheram. Ra- •venfthorp, Northamptonfliire, near Daven- try. Ravenf^Morth CajJle, Durham, S. of Newcaftle - upon - Tyne. Rwvenfnvorik- Caftle, Yorklhire, NW. of Richmond. i?<2'Z/^?i/o«,Lanca(hire, between Wigan and Blackburn. Ranjen-ivick, fee Rt.ui.vkk. Rwuefton, or Raunjlon, Buckinghamlliire, near Oulney. Raughton, Cunibeiland, in Dalfton parilh, near Rofe Caitle. Rwvill-lVater, a river in Antrim, Ul- fter. Rauilly, in Carlow, Leinller. Raniingham, Norfolk, W. of Haiiliro. Ra'vingflondale t Weftmorland, W. of Ptn- .dragon-Caltle, near Orton. Raumiir, Suf- fex, N. of Chichefcer. RaunJs, N^nh- amptonfliire, S. of Thraplton. Raunjion, Derhylhlre, SE. of Afhby-de-la-Zoucii. Ravenstein, a town of Brabant, ca- pital of a county of the fame name. Rauvee, a riverof Hindooftan Proper, one of the five ealVern branches of the In- dus, into which river it falls, about 20 niiles W. of Moultan, after having re- R E A celved the united waters of the Chelum and the Chunaub. Rai.tj, Durham, on the coaft, near Har- tlepool . Ra-zvclif, Yorkf. W. Riding, S. of Galues-Fortft. Ranjodiff, Upper and Lo'zver, Lancaf. oi\ the river Wyre, near Garltang. Ra^ivden, Yorkf. on tiie Are, NW. of Leeds. Ra-zvmarjh, Yorkf. NE. of Rotheram, near the river Dun. Raiv- reth, Eflcx. near Wickford, SE. of Billeri- cay. 7?«x'j/?o«,Dcihylhire, SW. of Afh- born. Ranxjjlon, Dorfeilhire, near Pimpern, Ra-ivthnjiate, Cumberland, S. of lerby. R'ly, in Donegal, Uiller. Raydou, Hampfhire, in the New-Foreft. Rayejley, Shropf. near Brida^enorth Foreft-, Rayleigh, a town in ElTex, upon the creek called Hadley-Bay, which parts it from Canvey-Ifland. It is 13 miles SE. of Chelmsford, and 34 NNE. of London, Market on Saturday. Rayne, Par-va, Effex, near Braintree. Ray Sand, Eflex, near Dengy Marfl-.. Rayton, Nottingh. N. of Worklop. Rea, a river in Worcef. and Staffordf. running into the Tame, near Yarnton-Hall. Reat Cornwall, near Truro. Rea, Gioucelttrf. a hamlet to Hempllead. Read, a river in Northumb. Read, Lancaf. near Whalcy. * Reading, in Berklhire, is yleafanlly feated on the river Kennet, near it's con- fluence with the Thames, and is the largeft and belt built town in the county. It has been lately new paved and liglittd, and greatly improved by new buildings. It had formerly a magnificent abbey of flint-ftone, founded by Henry I. the gate- houfe of which is IHll entire. Tlie laft abbot was hanged, drawn, arid quartered, with two of his monks, for refullng to furrender it. It's chief trade is in malt, and in the conveyance of nieal, timber, coals, grocery ware, S:c. to andfrom Lon- don, by means of the Thames. Some of their barges carry 1000 or 1200 quarters of malt at a time. The manufaifiues are facking, fail-cloth, blankets, ribbons, and pins. A county infirmary lias been lately erected here. Reading is 39 miles S. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Fairs February *, May i, July 25, and September 21 . Read/dale, Northumberland, a traft on both fides of the river Read, which falls 70 feet fom the mountain Rcad-Squiie, into this valley, and runs into the Tyne. Realejo, a town of Nicaragua, Mex- ico, on a bay of the Pacific Ocean. Reai.MONT, a town in the department of Tain, 10 miles N. of Cadres. Rearejl>y, Leicelterfliire, near the river Wreak, W. of Mehon-Mowbray. Rcaf- RED h, I-incoliiftiiif, SVV, of Bullingbrook. Rrajhy Hnll, NK. of Lincoln. RliBhL, :i town of MLckleiibiiig. Ri'.RMCK, a town of Wal.ichia, feated on the river Aluta. Ri;ccAN. See Aracan. Rlccanati, a town of AncoRa, with 7L great fair in September, evtry yeaf, which coniinues Hficcn days. The tomb of Popi- Grfgory VII. is in the cathedral. It is (eattd on a mountain, 14. miles S. of Ancono, and no NE. of Roinf. Reeing clcanfed and kept open by a neigbourinpj freeholder, wh!gs, Cheftiire, N. of Aitiincham. Redijh, Lancal'. N. of Stopford. Redier, ^'orkfhire, in Cleveland, E. of ^he Tces- M:'utli. Redland, Glonc. near Biiftol, in the parifh of Weltbury-upon-Trin. Red' lands, or Knacler's-HoU, Dorietf. N. of Melcomb- Regis. R'edlane, Dorfetf. half a mile SW. of Todbere. Redlinch, So- merletf. 2 miles from Bruton. Rfdling- fteld, Suffolk, near Ey*r. Redlingtofi, Nor- folk, between North Walfliam and the lea. Red-Lion, in Kildare, Leiiilfcr. Redmain, Cumberland, 2 miles NE. of Cockinnouth, on the oppofite fide of the Derwent. Redman, Hants, NW. of Wcy- hill. Redmarjhall, Durham, VV. rf Stock- ton, ^d'i/wi/r, Leitefferf. N. ofBelvoir- Caftle. Redmore-Plain, Lficel". 3 miles fiom Market Bofworth, the Iccne of the decifive battle between thehoufes of Yoik and Lancafter, where Richard III. was killed. Rediiull, Shropf. E. of Olweftiy. Rednell, Norfolk, E. of Harlaffon. Red- ncfs, Yoi klhire, W. Riding, in Marfhland» on the S. iide of the 1 iver Oole. Redo N, a fmali town in thedepaitment of Ifle and Vilaine. It I'erves as a mart for the commerce of Rennes, and is feated on the river Vilaine, 7.0 miles E. of V annes, and 225 W. by b. of Paris. Redondela, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, with a filhery for anchovits, fituated on the W, coalt. It is % miles S. of Ponteveifra. REDONno, a town of Alentcjo. Redondos, a town of Bcir-i. RF.n Russia, or Little Russia, a late province of Poland, E. of Little-Po- land. It included the palatinates of Chelm, Belcz, and Lemburg, and was nametl Red Rutiia from the colour of the hair of it's inhabitants. See GaliCIA. Redruth, a town of Cornwall, la miles N. by E. of Heiftone, and 262 W. by S. of London. Market diluled. Red ScA, a fea celebrated in ancient hilfory, which extends in a direflion tVom N. to S. dividing Africa from Arabia. It is feparattd from the Mniiterrane.^n on the N. by the Illhmus of Suez, and com- municates by the Straits of Babelmandel, on the S. wi^h the Arabian-Sea, and the Indiau-Occan. Redft<.a-m^ R E I Redjhatn, Great 3.nd Little, Suffolk, be- tween Halef worth and Beccles. Redjhne Paffage, Worcefterf. over the Severn, near Hartlebiiry-Caltle. Redjheet, St;.fF. near Talk-on-tlje-Hill. Rechvay, Ifle of Wight, in E. Mtdim. RedvAck, Gloiicefterf. on the Severn, a hamlet to Henbnry. Red- ivorth, Dm ham, between Bifliop-Auck- Janii and Darlington. Reed, Hertt'ordfliirc, 1. miles S. of Royfton. Reed, Suffolk, S. ot Bury. Rees, a confiJerabie town of Cleves. Reeth, Yorkfliire, near Eernard-Caftle. Regensperg, a handibme town'of Zurich, c.ipital of a bailiwick of the fame name, with a Itrong caftle. It is feated on a rock, which is part of Mount Jura, lo iriles NW. of Zurich. Regill, Wedmorland, NE. of Shan. Reggio, a popuious town of Naples, with foine manufactures ot (lockings, gloves, filk waiftcoats, &c. It is fituaied in a country which produces dates, oranges, citrons, with Icme fugar-canes, on tlie Strait of MeflTnia, and is a large populous place, 12 miles SSE. of Meflina, and 190 S. by E. ot Naples, Reggio, a city of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, inchukd in that of Modcna. It was deltroyed by Alarick, and rebuilt by Charlemagne. In the ca- thedral are many capital paintings and fculptures; and the town contains 16 con- vents. The inhabitants, who are about 18,000, carry on a great trade in filk. It is 15 miles WNW. of Modena. Regina, a town of Calabria CItra. Regn ANO, a town in pope's territories, near the Tiber, but thinly inhabited. Reichenau, an ifland in the circle of Suabia, in the Zeller Lake, a branch of the Lake of Conftance. It is about 3 mihs long, and i broad, contains about 1600 in- habitants, all Romanifts ; 3 parKlies, i village, and a rich abbey of Benediifir.es. It is 4 miles W. of the city of Conftance, and belongs to the bilhop of that place. Reichenau, a town in the country of the Grifons, feated upon the conflux of the two branches which form the Rhine. At this place is a curious wooden bridge ot a fingle arch, covered like that of SchafF- haufen, and conltru6led upon nearly the fame plan. The fpan of the arch is 220 feet in length. Reichenau is 7 miles SW. of Coire. Reichenbach, a river of Swiflerland, which rifes at the foot of Mount Wetter- horn, and tails into the river Aar, near Meyringen. REicHENi3ACH,atownof Schweidnitz, Silefia. REN Rfichenbach, a town of Volgtland, in Upper Saxony, the inhabitants ot wiucU dye a mo(t beautiful fcarlet. Reichenhall, a town of Upper Bi- varia, on the Saia, with rich falt-workb. Reichesstein, a town of Aurtria ; a town of Weftphalia j and a town of Pra- chnlitz, Bohemia. Reichshofen, a town in the dept. of Lower Rhine, 9 miles N. of Haguenau. Reiffenbekg, a town of HtlTe-CalTel. Reifferscheio, a town and county of Germanv, in the circle of the Lower Rhine. Reitzderg, a town and county of Wellphalia, lubjea to Fi iiffia. Re'ijk, in Waterford, Munlter. Relly, near Durham. Reluhas, Comw. S. ot St. Earth. Rf!>:i»gtony Northumb. in the barony of Veley, nearCratter. •Remiremont, a town in the dept, of the Volges, teated on the river Mofelle, 15 miles SSE. of Epinal. Remirjlotif Norfolk, N. of Hingham. Remneham, Bcrkfhire, near Henley-upon- Thames. Remnry, » river ot Wales, which rifes upon the borders ot Brecknock- tlure, and patilng along tlie E. bordei of Glamorgan (hire, falls into the S'--vcin a lit- tle below Cardiff. Remfjhn, Dorletfliire, in Purbeck Ille, E. of Corte. Rewjlon, or Ra.T)}pejion^ S. of Nottingham. RtMY, St. a town in the dept. of tha. Mouths of the Rhone. A triumphal arch, and a mauloleum in the neighbourhood, difplay the t:i(le of the Ar.gultan age. The firft is not entire; but the fecond is in the beft (tate of prelcrvation. St, Re- my is 10 miles NE. of Aries. Rendcomh, Gloucefterfhire, 6 miles N. of Cirenceltcr. Rendhnm, Suffolk, near Saxmundham. RendlePiam,%\i\\Q\V. , on tlie river Deven, oppolite Uliord. Rendou- O'ver, Buckinghan)(liire, near Aylefbury- Rendsborg, a town of HoKtein, 15 miles W. cf Kiel. Renfrew, a town of Scotland, and capital of a (hire of the (ame name, with (bmeinconfideraiile manufaflures of thread. The magiftracy is compoled ot a provolf, 2 bailiffs, and 16 counlellors. It is feat- ed on the S. (ide of the river Clyde, 6 milck W. of Glafgow. Renfrewshire, a county of Scot- land, bounded on the W. and N. by tiie Frith of CIvde, on the E. by Lanerkfliire, and on the S. and SW. by Ayrfliire. The parts near the Cl)de arc fruittui, with (ome gentle uplands ; thole to the S. and W. are more barren, hilly, and moorifli. This county was the paternal inheritance of the Stuarts, before they afctnded the. throne. RET throne, and ftill gives title of baron to the Prince ot Wdlcs. Renhold, 3 miles E. of Bedford. RiiNNKs, an ancient city in the dept. of Irte and Viiaine, and ci dcvant capita! o\ Bretagne. The inhabitants are com- puted at 35,000. It's ftieets are as /Iraight as a linej but tliey are in general narrow and dark. A fire, in 1720, which laftcd k\cn days, conlumed 850 houfes. The ground fquare, in which are the Pa- lace of Juftice, and the Hotel-de-Ville, are very elegant. It is feated on the river Viiaine, which divides it into two parts, 58 miles N. of Nantes. Lat. 48. 7. N. Jon. I. 36, W. Rens, a town of Cologne. Renti, h town in tiie department of the Straits of Calais, leated on the river Aa, 9 miles SSW. of St. Omer. Renlofiy^E. of Durham. Rentefcombe, Dorl'etftiire, m Purbcck Ifle, a mile W. of Worth. Ren-wick, Cumberland, on the river Raven near Croglin and Oii(by. Reolle, a town inthedept.ofGironde, feated on the river Garonne, 25 miles SE. of Bourdeaux. Repeham, a town .of Norfolk, trading in malr. It is 10 miles NW. oi Norwich, and 109 NE. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Repham, NE. of Lincoln. Reppis, Norfolk, near Ludham. Reppis, N. and S. Norfolk, SE. of Crome,. Reprin, Cornwall, NE. of Leftwithiel. Rtpton, Derby/hire, NE. of Burton, near the con- fluence of the Dove and Trent. Requena, a town of New Caftile. Refcofe Cornwall, SE. of Tregony. RtSHD, a populous and commercial cl'y ofPerfia, capital of Ghilan, on the SW. coallof the Cafpian Sea. Lat. 37. 30. N. Rejingham, Northumberland, near the confluence of the Read and the Tyne. It has many infcriptions, and other remains of antiquity. Refymer, Cornwall, SE. of Hellion. Resolution Island, one of the So- ciety iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Lat. 17. 2+. S. Ion. 141. 15. W. Rejhn, N. and S, Line. SE. of Lowth. *Retford, or Redford, East, a pretty, iaige, well-built town of Notting- hamfliire, on the great North-road, and on the E. fide of the rivtr Idie, over which there is a bridge to Wcft-Retford. The principal trade is in hops and malt. The canal from the Trent to Chcllerfield, pafles rear this place. It is 30 miles N. of Not- trngham, and 144 N. by W. of London. Maiket on Saturday. Rethel, a town in the dept. of the R E W Ardennes, formerly capital of a fmall dif- triff, called the Rcrhelois. It is 20 miles NE. of Rheims, ar^d 108 NNE of Paris. Rethigen. See Reutlingen, Retimo, a town of the ifland of Can-, dia, with a biftiop's lee, and a harbour. It was taken by the Turks in 1647, who have kept it ever fmce. All along the ^hore there is a rid) and beautiful view of gardens, whofe fruits are well tailed. The filk, wool, honey, wax, laudenam, and oil, are preferred to all others. It is feat- ed on the N. coaft of the ifland, 40 miles W. otCandia. Revel, a town in the dept. of Upper- Garonne, 9 miles N. of St. Papoul. Revel, or Esthonia, one of the 41 governments of Ruflia. See Esthonia. Revel, a rich and well-fortified town of the Riifl'ian empire, capital of the go- vernment ot RevellTcoi, or Efthonia. The haibour is fpacious and convenient, and a part of the Ruffian fleet is ufually ftation- ed in it. The houfes are well-built, and ^ have very fine gardens. There is a col- lege with four profcfTors. It is a place of confiderable trade, and tliere are two great fairs every year, in May and September, frequented by Englifh and Dutch mer- chants. It is feated on the Gulf of Fin- land, partly in a pleafant plain, and partly on a mountain, 144 miles N. of Riga, and 1 64 WS VV. of Peterlburgh. Lat. 59. 20. N. Ion. 23. 57. E. REVELLO,atownofSaluzzo,Ptedmont. Re-vely, Northumberland, SW. of Heb- born. Redely, Great and Little, Hunting, donfliire, near Upwood. Revel's Hall, Herts, near Ware-Park. Re'uelftohe, De- vonfhire, near Plympton. Rever, Kent, a miles and a half NW. of Dover. Revero, a town of Mantua. Reiinivick, Cumberland, near Kirk- Of- wald. Reufam, Northumberland, in the manor of Seaton-Deiaval. Reuss, a river of Swilfcrland, which riling from a lake on Mount St. Gotliard, flows through the lake and town of Lu- cerne, falls into the Aar, 3 miles E. of Bruck. Reussen, a county in the Vogtland, Upper Saxony. Reutlingen, a free, imperial town ef Wirtemberg, in Suabia. It is adorned with handfonie public buildings, and has a grammar- fchonl and an orphan-houfe. It IS feated near the Neckar, and is 31 miles NNW. of Ulm. Rei-v, Dorfetf. near Buckland- Abbas. Reive, Y)t\ox\\'. SW.of Bradninch. Rei.v- ley, in the fuburbs of Oxford. Rey, a river in Wilts, running into the Thames at R H E at Ciiclclnde. Reje, Northumberl. near Catchafide. Rey, a town of Irac-Agemi, in Per- fta. It contained, at one time, 100,000 hoiifes, but is now in ruins. Reyna, a town of Andalufia. Rey?w!d's Hall, StafFordftiire, near Wal- fal. Rezan, or RiAZAN, one of the 4.1 go- vernments of Ruflia, formerly a province of the government of Mofcow. Rezan is the CHpital. Rezan, a town of Ruflia, capital of the government of the fame name. The country is populous, and fertile in corn, and had formerly it's own princes. It is feated at the confluence of the Trubefli and Occa, 80 miles SSE. of Mofcow. Rhayadergowy, a town of Radnor- fhire, feated on the river Wye, 18 mi] -s NW. of Radnor, and 177 WNW.'ef London. Market on Wednefday. Rhaytylarfard, Carnarvonftiire. Rhe, an ifland on the W. coaft of France, compriled in the department of Lower Charente. It is very populous; about four miles long and three broad. It's produ£ls are very bitter wine, and abundance of fait. The inhabitants make excellent brandy, and the liquor called atii- fette. Their principal food is fifli, and /hell-fi(h are plentiful on the coaft. This ifland is 8 miles W. of Rochelle. The principal town is St. Martin. Rheims, a large and ancient city in the dept. of Mnrne. The inhabitants are computed to be 30,000. Before the revo- lution, the archbifliop was the firft duke and peer of France, and always crowned the king. The principal chiircii, built before the year 4.06, is a curious Gothic ftrufture. In the church of St. Reniy was Jately, La Sainte A??tpoule, a vial filled with a red, congealed liquor, always ufcd in the coronation of the kings of France, who, fince Clovis, have been fuctclfiveiy crowned at Rheims. The remains of an amphitheatre, a caftle, a triumphal arch, and 3 gates of the city, which, to this day, bear the names of Pagan Deities, viz. the Sun, Mars, and Ceres, are among the ancient monuments of the Romans. Rheims is long and narrow, and the houics are low, but the grand fquare is very magnificent. Here are inanufaftures of flannel, coverlets, and other woollen (tuffs; and their wine and gingerbread are excel- lent. It is feated in a plain, on the river Vefle, 75 miles ENE. of Paris. Lat. 49. 15. N. Jon. 4. 8. E. RheinthaI-, a valley in Swifllerland, between the canton of Appenzcl, and the R H I territory of St. Gall on the one fide, and the Rhine on the oher; about 30 miles in length, and from 3 to 8 in breadth. It is fertile, efpecially in wine, and belongs to the nine cantons, who appoint a bailiff alternately. The inhabitants, who are about 13,000, are partly Proteftants and partly Roman ifts, Rheinwald, a valley in the country of the Griii;ns, about 20 miles in length. It is fo called from the Hynder Rhine, which riles on Mount Vogelfberg, and runs through the valley. Rhine, a great river of Europe, which rifes in three Itreams, in the Griion Alps. After it has crofTed part of Germany and the Netherlands, watering Strafburg, Worms, Mentz, Cologne, &c. it divides into two branches, one of which prefei"ve8 the name of the Rhine, and lofes it/elf in the lands VV. of Leyden. The other takes the name of the Lech, or Leek, and falls into the Merwe, 5 miles NW. of Dor- drecht. Rhine, Lower, a circle of the em- pire of Germany, bounded by the circles of WeftphalJa, Upper Rhine, Franconia, Suabia, and by the duchy of Luxemburg, and France. It contains the ele£toratcs of Mentz, Treves, and Cologne, the pa- latinate of the Rhine, and fbme fmaller ftates. The eleftor of Mentz is the di- rector. Rhine, Lower, a departmant of France, having tlie Rhine to the E. and forming the northern part of the ci-devant Alface. Strafburg is the capital. Rhine, Upper, a department of France, S. of the depart, of the Lower Rhine. Colmar is the capital. Rhine, Upper, a circle of the empire of Germany, dIviJed into two parts, the Upper and Lower. The lower part com- prehends the territories of the landgraves of Hefle-Calfel, Hcfle-Darmftadt, and Ilefle-Rhinfeldt; thc-counties of Nallau, Solms, Hanau, Ifenburg, Seine, Wied, Wingeftein, AatzfVki, and Waldeck, with the abbeys of Fulda and Hirfchfeld, and the Imperial towns of Francfort, Frid- burg, and Wctzlar. The upper part of the circle of the Upper Rhine, lies to the W. of that river, and comprehends the bi- flioprics of Bafle, Strafburg, Spire, and Worms, with the duchy of Deux-ponts j the counties of Spanlitim, Sarbruck, Falkenftcin, and Linange, ajid the impe- rial towns of Worms and Spiie. The fummoning princes are the bifhop of Worms and the elector palatine. Rhine, Palatinate of the. Sec Palatinate, Rhineberc, R II O !RniNEBER(;, ;t town of Cologne, on the Rliinc, taken by the allies in 1703. KtUKECK, a town ot Swidcrland, capi- tal of tlie Klieiinlial, Of Valley of the Rliine, featcd on the Rliine, near it's jun(ilion witii the Lake of Conllauce. Rhin'fei-dt, or Rhf.i.nfelden, a town of SiKibiH, and the bell »f the four f(Mcli:- towns, belonging to the houfe of Aiilhij. It is learcd on the Rliine, over whicli is a handlome bridge, y miles SSE. of K.ifle. KiiiNKELS, a town and fortrefs near St. Goiir, circle of Uppi-r Rhine. R 11 IN LAND, a diltriiSl of South Hol- land, which lies on both fides the Rhine. Leydtn is the capital. Rhin Zabern', or Saverne, a town of Spire, circle of Upper Rhine. . Rhode Island, one of the United States of N. America, hounded on the N. and E. by Mairachulets, on the S. by the Atlantic, and on the W. by Conneflicut. Thefc limits compreher.d wliat has been called Rhode liland and Providence Plan- tations. It contains 5 counties, and zy townfliips. It is as healthful as any part of N. America, and is principally a coun- try for parture. Providence and Newport are the two chief towns. About 600 velTels enter and clear annually, at the dif- ferent ports of this ftate. Rhode Island, an ifland of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of the fame name. It is 13 miles long from N. to S. and 4 miles wide, and is divided into three townflnps. The foil is of a fuperior quality. Tliis ifland is a noted refort of invalids fiom louthern climates. It is fo exceedingly j)leafant and healthful, that travellers have called it the Eden of America. Rhodes, an ifland of Aiia, on the S. fide ot Natolia, and in the Mediterranean Sea, about 40 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. The air is good, and the foil pretty fertile, but badly cultivated. It is famous tor having been the refidenceof the knights of Jcrufalem till the year 1523, when the Turks got polfefRon of it. The principal town is of the fame name, is an archhifliop's fee, and has a good harbour, with a narro%v entrance between tworocks, on which are two tower.. Here, in all probability, ftood the famous CoioiTus, a Itatue of bronze, 70 cubits high. It was reckoned one of the ttven wonders of the woild, tor a (hip, with all it's (ails, might pafs between the legs. It was thrown down by an earthqur-ke ; and when the Saracens became mailers of this ifland in 665, they knocked it in pieces, with which th.ty loaded 900 camels. The R I B knights of Jeriifalem took it from ihe Sa- racens in 1309, and kept it till it was taken from t'.iem by the Tui'ks. It is in- habiffd l)y Turks and Jews, for ihe ChrKtians are obliged to live in the fub- lubs, they not being fuffered to be within the walls in the night-time. Lai. 36. 24. N. Ion 28. 2^. E. Rhodes, Lancaf. NW. of Manchefter. Rhodlcy, Northumb. near Morperh. R.HONE, a large rivcr of France, which riles near M>)unt St. Gothard, in Swifler- land, flows through the lake and ciiyof Geneva, and feparating the departments of Mont-Blanc and Ifere from that of AIn, it flows to Lyons, Vienne, Valence, Avignon, and Aries, and falls into the Mediterranean by feveral mouths. Rhone and Loire, a department of Francej bounded on the E. by the river Rhone. Lyons is the capital. Rhone, Mouths of the, a depart- ment of France, E. of the dep:. of Gard. Aix is tiie capital. Rhos Fair, Cardiganflilre. Rhynds, orRiNNs, OF Galloway, the wcliern divihon of W^igtonlhire, in Scotland, aliuort entirely cut ofl:" from the remainder of the county by Loch Ryan and Glenluce-Bay. RhYNEY. SeeRUMNEY. Rialexa, or Realejo, a town of Mexico, in Nicaragua j feated on a river near the South Sea, where there is a good harbour; but the air is unwholelcme, on account of the morafles. It is iS miles •NNW. of Leon, Riall, Northumb, SW. of Kirkheaton. Riall, Yorkfliire, SE. of Headon. RiAZAN. See Rezan. Ribadavia, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, Icated at the confluence of the rivers Mlnlio and Avia, in a territory that pro- duces the belt wine in Spain. It is 15 miles SW. of Orcufe. RibaDeo, a town of Spain, in Galicia, with a fine harbour. It is iituated near the mouth of the river Eo, 25 miles W. of Luarca. Ribhcsfcrd, Wore, a mile S. of Bewdley. RiBBLE. a river which riles in the W". Riding of Yorkfnire, runs acrofs Lanca- fliire, and falls into the Irifli Sea below Prelton. Rihliy Cumivraj, Lane, in KIrham pa- rifli, Ametindernefs. Ribcbtjler, Lancaf. oji the Ribble, N£. of Prefton. RlBEMONT, a town in the depart, of Ailhe, feated near the tiver Oife, upon an eminence, 7 miles SE. of St. Qncntin. Ribeira-Grande, or St. Jago, a town in S:. Jago, the principal of the Cape« R I C Cape-(le-Verd Tftands, with a good har- bour, on the only liver in tlie illaiici. It is the fee of a bilhop/and refidence of the governor ; and contains a cathedral, two' convents, and between 4 and 500 houfes. The latter, except the governor's, arc on- ly of one ftory, and covered with branches and leaves of the cocoa-nut trees. , It is leated between two high mountains, in lat. 15.0.N. Ion. z3. 24. W. Rihleton, Lancafliire, near Prefton. RiBNiTZ, a town of Mecklenburg, Kiborough, Grtat and Little Norfolk, on the river Winfder, SE. ot Fakenhani. Ri'tjloH Hall, Yoikl. E. of Knarcfborough. Kibton, Ciimberl. 4 miles W. of Cocker- mouth, and 4. E. of Workington, on the oppofite bank of the Der went. V^iby. Lin- colnf. near the Limberghs. Rubal, Yorkf. near Stlby. Richborough, Kent, near Sand- wich. RichardJlo'MH, In Kildare, Leinfter. Richelieu, a tuwn in the depart, of Indre and Loire, founded by Cardinal RichelicU. It contains ahandfoine fquare, v/itli an elegant palace and extenfive park. It is 9 miles E. ot Loudun, and 151 SVV. of Paris. Rich Hill, in Armagli, Ulfter. PKichdl, EiTex, NW^ol H.uheld-Regis. Ricbmo'.'d, a vjilapre in Suny, anciently calle I Sheen; but Henry VII. gave it tini name of Riciimond, from that diftrift in Yoik(l-iire, wliercof he had been earl. Here was a paldce, iji which f^een Elizabeth expired ; and it is rtill diftingninied by it's beautiful royal gaidcns, whitl),in the iuiii- mer feaion, are open to the public ; und in thefe is a grand cbfervatory. Ttic pre- fent palace, which is finely fiHiated, is a very plain edifice, buiJt by the Duke of Ormond, who had ol-.tained a grant of fome lands about Richinoiul from King Williim III. ; on tiiat duke's attainder, it devolved to the cro-.vn. An elegant ftone bridge, of five arches, was created over the Thames here, in 1777. Near this village alibis anextenlive royal park, furrounckd by a brick wall, 11 miles In circuit, built by Charles I. It is 10 miles WSW. of London. "Richmond, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkshire, ph-afaotly feared on the ri- ver Swale, over which is a ftono bridge : many of the houfes aie hand fome, and built of freeftcne. Here is a maiuiia6fory of yarn Itockings, and woollen knit caps for fcamen. It is 40 miles NW. of York, and 230 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. RiCHMONrv, a town of N. America, capital of tlie liato of V.irginia. it has an RID elegant ftate-boule, and ftanJs on the N. fide of James River, at the foot of fome talis, which are feven miles inleny,tb; to obviate the inconvenience of which, a ca- nal has been undertaken. It is 60 miles N. by W. of Williamiburg. RlCHMONDSHiRE, a diitrift in theN. Riding of Yorkshire, belongmg to the duchy of Lancafter. It was formerly a county of itfelt, and contains many towns and villages. Alan, one of William the Conqueror's generals, was rewarded with this earldom, including all tiie NW. part of Yorklhire, towards Lancdhiie. He built a callle here, the tower wjjereof yet ilands. It abounds in romantic fituations, and is noted for the ncatnefs and imluttiy of the inhabitants, who manufacture knit Itockings and other coaife goods. Many lead mines are wrought in this diltricl, of which Riclimond is the capital t.^wn. . /JuA/otW/ow, Line, near Bofton. Ri.kat Monm. on the Ebwirh, W. of Caerlcon. Rickar.:fiot, Staff W. ot the Pcnk, by Coppiriir.dl. RickerLy, Cuir.b. near Car- li(le. Rickiiighall, Ufiper and Lo-ver, Suf- folk, near Bottcidale. Rickleviarjb, Kent, l>y Blackheath. Rickli,;g, Ellcx, N. ot' Quendon. RiCKMANSWORTH, 3 town of Hert- fordihire. It is feared on a branch of the river Coin, 9 miles SSW. of St, Alban's, and iS NW. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Ricknefs, Htrtfirdf. N. of Ware Pu-k. Rirkloii, Slirop*". on the Rea, near N. Cie- bury. Ricoi, Oxf. 3 miles SW. of Tame. Riaale, or Rifdale, a liver in Yorki. run- ning into the Swair below Richmond, RiJJings, Chcrtiire, near Altringhim. Ri.i- dlejhn. E. and IF. NE. and N. of Keigh- ley. Ride, Il!e of Wight, oppufite Poni- mouth and Gofport. Ride, tient, near Harty, in Slieppey Ifle. Ridemijfe, Glouc. in Nibley puilh. Ridfeiiy War^v. N. of Kenil worth-Chafe. Ridge, Chelhiie, ne-r Macclesfield. Ridge, Herts, near S. Minis. Ridi^e, Staffordf. near Bloreht-ath. Rid^e- Hall, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Ridge- Hill, Herts, near Barnct Common. Ridge- Lane, Warw. in the pariflies of Oldb iry and Mcrevale. Ridgemond, Bedt. E. ot Woburn. Riding, Durham, between Kib- blefworth and Urpeth. Ridlnmhopf, Durh. near Blanchland »n Duiiiam. Ridley, a river in Northumb. Ridley Chefhiie, near IJlinburyand Ridley- Pool. RidUy, Kent, 3 miles and a half N. of Wrotham. Rid- ley-Hall, Northumberl. by Btltinghim. Ridley-Hall, Northumb. W. of Allanton. Ridltngton, Rutl. NW. of Uppingh.i^n, RiJ/ziarUj, Worcef. S. of Malvern Hilli. RiJmerf R I G JtiJmer, or R'ldmire, Yoikfiiire, NW. of Muilain. Ridnxjare-Hampjiall, Staff, on the Blythe, between Ru<;elcy and Yoxal. Rid-Lvnrc Hill anci Pipe^ and Ridixjare- Mwvefton, Staff, near the Trent. Rie- tbefler, Northumhcrl. an old llarion, the Ba-inaniiim oF the Romans. R.ie-HaU, EfTex, near CLivering. RiETi, a town of Spoletto, feated near the Lake Rieti, 37 miles NE. of Rome. RiEux, the name of feveral towns in the refpei'tive departments of Upper Ga- ronne, Morbihnn, Ille and Vilaine, Aiide, and Lower Alps. RiEZ, a town in the dept. of the Lower Alps. It is a fmall, populous place, but was formerly much larger than it is at prefent. It is 35 miles NE of Aix. Riga, a large, populous, and rich town of the Ruffian empire, and capital of the government of Riga, or Livonia. Next to Peterfburgh, it is the mofl commercial town in the whole empire. The trade is chiefly carried on by foreign merchants, who are refident in the town. The mer- chants of an Englifh faflory eftablifhed here enjoy the greateft (hare of the com- merce. The principal exports are corn, liemp, flax, iron, timber, malts, leather, tallow, &c. 5 it's principal imports are fait, cloth, filks, wine, grocery wares, and falted herrings. The mafts grow moilly in tracts on the Dnieper, and are fent up that river to a landing place, from which they are tranfported to the Duna. They are then formed into floats of from 50 to 200 pieces, and dcfcend the ftream to Riga. They are ufually from 70 to 80 feet in length. The hemp is brought from the Ukraine and Poland, and employs two years in it's paffage to Riga. It is brought in barks from 2 to 300 tons burden. Within the fortifications there are 9000 inhabitants, and in the fuburbs 15,000, befide a gariilbn of 1000 men. Here is a floating wooden bridge over the Dwina, or Duna, 40 feet in breadth, and 2600 in length. In the winter, when the ice fets in, this bridge is taken to pieces and re- moved, and in the I'pring it is replaced. It was finally obliged to fubmit to Peter the Great, in 17 10. Riga is 5 miles from the mouth of the Duna, and 160 NE. of Konigfberg. Lat. 56.53. N. Ion. 24. 15. E. Riga, Government of. See Li- vonia. Rigby, Yorkfhire, SW. of Pontefrafl. Righton, Yorkfh. NW, of Burlington. Ri^jby, Line, near Altord. Rigton, Yorkf. NE. ofOtiey. Rigton, Yorkf. SW. of Wetherby. Rikall, Rutlaodf. on the ri- ver Gwalh, near Cafterton* Rill, Dsvonf, R I N near Exmouih. RtUin^ton, Yorkf. E. of New Maiton. Ri//]on,YoikC. in Burnlal pariHi. Rininptony Lane. NW. of Coin. Rimini, anciently Ariminium, a town of Italy, in Romagna, with many remains of antiquity, among which are a triumphal arch, erefted to Augultus, and put of an amphitheatre, and very fine buildings. It is feated at the mouth of the river Marecchia, on the Adriatic. Lat. 44, 7, N. RiMMKGEN, or Remich, a town of Luxemburg. Riinpton, Somerf. SE. of the Camels. Rimfomb, Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle. Rimf- nve/l, Yorkf. in Holdernefs, near iiofs. Rinabelly, in Cork, Munftcr, about 3 miles S. of Carrigaline. Rinborougb, Yorkf. SE. of Hornfey. RiNCOPiNG, a town of Ripen, North Jutland, on the W. coaft. Lat. 56. 7. N. Rineogonagh, in Waterford, Munfter. Rinfad, a promontory, which forms the E. of Killough-Bay, in Down, Ulfter, Ringay, a river in Chefhire. Ringdufferin, in Down, Ulfter. Eukfield, Suffolk, S. of Beccles. Ringhaddy, in Down, Ulffer, N. of Kil- leleagh, on the fide of Stratigford Lake, is noted for it's oyfters. Ringlund, Norfolk, near Taverham. Ringlejlon, Kent, near Doddington. Rin- gleton, Kent, in Woodnelborough parifh. Ringmer, Suflex, NE. of Ltwes. R^^g- , mere-Pit, Norfolk ,near Thetford and Kil-' verfton, a remarkable pool of 6 or 7 acres, in form of an amphitheatre. Rings, Kent, near Woldham. Ringroan, in Cork, Munfter. Ringjhall, Bucks, in Ivingo parifh. Ring/ball, Suffolk, SW. ©f Needhatn. RiNGSTED, a, town and bailiwick of Zealand, Denmaik, 29 miles SW. of Co- penhagen. Ringj}cd, Northamp. on the Nen, N. of Higham Ferrers. Ringfied, Dorfetf. on the coaft, NE. of Weymouth. It is di- vided into Eaft, Weft, and Middle, and is a miles S. of Olinington. Ritigjied, Great and Little, Sts. Andre^vs and Peter, Nor- folk, N. of Snetfham, and near Houghton, Ringiuold, Kent, near the fea, five miles NE. of Dover. *RiN'G\vooD, a pretty large town of Himpfhire, trading in leather, ftockings, druggets, and narrow cloths. It is 30 miles SW of Winchefter, and 91 SW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Rin?nore, Devonfh. near Bigbery and Hope-Key. Rinfell, EfTex, near Danbury. RiNTELM, a town of Shawenburg, Wcftphalia, with a univcifity. Rio R I P jRro Grande, a river of Terra Firm^t which riles aimoU under the equator, and running N. through Terra Firma, falls into the Gulf of Mexico, between Cartha- gena and S. Martha. Rio Grande, a river of Africa, which runs from E. to W. through Negroland, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean in lat. II. o. N. Rio Grande, a river of BrafU, which falls into the lea in lat. 5. 45. S. Rio Grande, a river of Jamaica, on the N. coaft, which runs into the fea in lat. 18. 13. N. Ion. 76. 14. \V. Rio Janeiro, a river of S. America, ^which rifes in the mountains W. of Bra- fil, and running E. through that country, falls into the Atlantic Ocean. Rio Janeiro, one of the richeft pro- vinces of Bralil, lying near the tropic of Capricorn. The Portuguele annually ex- port hence gold, filver, and precious (tones, the produce of liie country. It receives it's name from the Rio Janeiro, at the mouth of which, in lat. aa. 54.^. and Jon. 43, II. VV. is fituated the city of St, Sebaftian, it's capital. RiOM, a town in the dept. of Puy-de- Dome, 8 miles N. of Clermont, and 115 S. of Paris. RiONS, a town in the dept. of Gironde, 8 miles SE. of Bourdeaux. RiPA Transone, a town of Italy, in Ancona. Ripe, Suffex, SE. of Laughton. , Ripen, a town and dioccfe oi N. Jut- land, on the W. coaft, with two colleges, and a public library. The harbour lies at the mouth of the river Nipfaa, in a country which fupplics the bdt beeves in Denmark. Lat. 55. 19. N. RiphjEan Mountains, a chain of high mountains in RuflTia, to the NE. of the river Oby, where are faid to be the fineft fables in the whole empire. Ripingale, Line, near Bourn. Riple^ Worcefteri. N. of Tewkefbury. * Ripley, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkftiire, noted tor it's produftion of licorice. It is ieated on the liver Nyd, 4 miles NW. of Knarelborough, and aii N. by W. of London. Market on Friday. Ripley, Derbyftiire, in Pcntridge parifli. Ripley^ Hants, in Soplcy parifh. Ripley, Kent, \\ mi:es S. ot Sandwicii. Ripley, Surry, in Send parifli. Ripley Court, Kent, in Wellwell parifti. Riplington^ Hants, NW. of Miiple Durham. Riplington, Northumb. SW. of Morpeth. Riponden, Yorkf. SW. of Halifax. Ripple, EtVcx, E. of Barking. Ripili/t^ham, Ygikl. NW. of Hull. R I X *RlPPON, a town in the W.Riding of York/hire, with a noted manufafture ot fpurs, and a fine fquare market-place. A navigable canal comes up to the town. It is feated on the river Ure, or Aire, ii miles NW. of York, and 218 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Ripton, Abbofs, and Ripton, King^s, N. and NE. of Huntingdon. Ri/borougb, Yorkf. SW. of Pickering. RlQUiER, a town in the depart, of Somme, 5 miles NE. of Abbeville. RiSBOROUGH, a town of Buckingham- ftiire, 7 miles S. of Aylelbury, and 37 WNW. of London. Market on Saturn day. Rijborough, Prince's, Bucks, near Ham- ^eo-Magna. Rijbury, Heref. SE. of Leo- minfter. Rijby, Line, near Burton-upoa* Trentk Ri/by, Suffolk, NW. of Bury. Rijhy, Yorkfhue, NW. of Hull. Rifet, Monmouthf. N W. of Newport. Rijhunglctt Suffolk, N. of Debenham. Ri/ing, or Rif- ingham, Northumberl. SE. of Hexham, Rijingarth, Yorkf. in Holderner». Rifingm ton. Great, Little, and JVick, S. of Stow- on-the-Would. Rijkington, Line. N. of Sleaford. Rijiins, or Piercy Lodge, B\icks, ne.u- Colnbrook. RijJey, Bcdtordf. near Swlncfhead. Rijtey, Dcrbyf. on the Er- vvaft), near Sandiacre, E. of Derby. A//- ley, Lancafh. N. of Warrington. Rijlip, Middl. between Uxbridge and Pinner* Riffingdale; fee Ramngjhndale. Rijion^ Somerletf. near Taunton. RiTBURG, a town of Weftphalia, ca- pital of a county of the fame name. Ritherjlhorp, NW. of Northampton* Riton, Warwick!', ntar Welton. Ritm, Yorkf. near Old Malton. Riton-upon- Dunfmore, Warwickf. has a bridge ovct the Avon, NE. of Stoneley-Abbey. RiVa, a town and river of Tirol. Rivadeo. See RrBADEO. Rivalta, a town of Milan; and X town of Piedinpnt. Rivaulx, Yoikf. by Helmefley. Ri* *venhall, Ellex, by Witham. Ri'vcr, and it's Park, Suflex, NW. of Petwonli. Ri. •verhead, Kent, by Scvenoaks. RiverbiUf Kent, SE. of Scvenoaks. Rivers, Kent» NW. of Dover. Ri'verjhall, Edex, be- tween Boxted and Dedham. Riverjio-wn, in Galway, Connaught. Ri'verjioiv/i, in Cork, Muniler, near Glau- mire. RiVESALTEs, a town in the dept. of the Eartcrn Pyrenees, 6 miles NNW. of Perpignan. RivoLi, a town of Piedmont 5 and a town in the Veionefc. Rixton, Lancaf, near Ribcheftcr. O JRoA, ROC RoA, a toWn in Qid Caftile, feateJ on the Diieio. • . • v> . HorJ, bomerfetf. Roadgate, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Helen^fortl. Roadbook, Der- by fliiic, iiiStHrliJale. Roake, OxtonU'. a liaiiili.'t, paitly in Bcnfingft.n. RoANNE, a tovvji in the depnrtment of Rliune and Loire, on the riVc-r Loire. It is a convcniiiu (taple for meicliundifc Tent iroin Lyons, down the Loire, and by the canal of Bi iaie, into the Seine, ami thence to Paris. Roannc is 210 miles SSK. of Paris. - . RoANOAK, an ifland near the coaft of N. Carolina, in Albemarle county. ■ Lat. 35. 50. N- Ion. 76.0. W. RoANOAK, a long, rapid river of N. America, foimed by 2 principal branciits ; namely, Stamiton River, which rifes m Virginia,' and Dan River> which rifes in a. Carolina. Tliis river is fiib}e£t to in- Mndations, and, on account of the falls, is navigable for ihallops only, abcfnt 60 or 70 mileis. It. enters, by feveral mouths, into the W. end of AiiemaHe Sound; - ..Rabarns, Surry, near Ei-and W. Horfley. ', RoBBEN Island, calleb[i-UJt\)fSr Northumb.' in Readldaie. Robert^ s-Gajite, Ycrkfli. near. Kjnarefbo- rough .' k a town of Lavora. ROC RoccA-VficcHiAi, a town of Lavora. Roch, Cornwall, NW. of Leftwithiel, Roch, Worcef. b. of the Foreft of Wire. Rochconnel, in W, Meath, Leinller, E. ot Muiiingar. Rochdale, in Louth, Lein- fter. Roch Court, Hants, by Fareham. * Rochdale, a town in Lanca/lilret featcd in a vale on the rivet Roche,among hills which abound in coals j hat a fiou- rifhing manufaifure of hats, bays, lerg-es, and other woollen goods. It's manufac- tures extend 8 or 10 miles N. of the town, which is 55 miles WSW. of Y''ork, and 19s NN W. of London. Market on Tu'cf- day. Roche^ a river in Lancafliire; Roche, a town of SwilFerland. RocHEJ La, a town and county of Luxemburg, 28 miles. S. of Liege. Roche Bernard, a tovvn in thedepf, of Morbihau, feated on the river Vilainc, 23 miles SSE. of Vannes. RocheChouart, a town in the dept. of Upper Visraie, 13 miles S. by W. of Limoges, and 189 S. by W. of Paris. RociitiORT, a confiderablc fea-port in the dept. of Lower Charente, with a commudious harbour, well fheltered from all hurricanes. Here are vail barracks, an armoiy, excellent docksj magazines, ^'c. for building and refitting 1 fhips of win;, iwi'h a- marine academy.' Iti was buiitby Lewis XIV. in 1664., fix league'i from the mouth of the river Charente. The ftreets are broad, and in ftraight lines : the houfes low, but regular. It is fuppofed to contain 10,000 people, but the air is unwholefomc, and the wai6r of bad quality. It is 21 miles S. by.E. of Rochelle, and 127 SW. ot Paris. ■*.. RocHEFORT, a town of Luxemburg, and icveral other towns of France. Rochefoucault, a town iiv the dept. of Charente, 12 miles NE. of Angou- leme. Rochelle, a celebrated town in the dept. of Lower Charente, with a commo- dious and lafe harbour. It contains about 16,000 inhabitants. It has five gates j the houfes are fine, and fupported by pi- azzas, under which perfcns may walk in all weathers; and the ftreets, in general, areas ffraight as a line. The inlrabitants carry on a conliderable trade ; efpccially in wines, brandy, fugar, fait, paper, linen, and ferges. In 1628, Loui» XIII. took this town from the Huguenots, after a liege oi 13 months. To pieveiu the Eng- lifh throwing in iuccours by fea. Cardinal Richelieu conftrufted a prodigious mole, 4.482 feet in extent, Rochelle is featsd on the ROC the ocean, 67 miles N.by E. of Nantesi and zzo SvV. oF Paris. ' Roche Macheran, a town of Lux- emburg; ■' ' ■ Roche PoSay, a town in the dept. of Indre and Loire, remarkable for it's mi- neral wattrs. *RocHESTERj a city of Kent, feated on the river Medway, over which is a ftone bridge. It is an ancient place, and was formerly much larger than at prefent ; 'but of later times it has been incrcafing by the addition of feme new houfes and ftreets on the high fide of the town. It confdts chiefly of one principal ftreet, which is paved. Tlie houfes arc generally inhabited by tradefmen and inn keepers ; no fort of manufaStory being carried on here. It has two free-fchools, the one called the King's, and the other the City School. There is here alfo an almshoule for fix poor travellers, who are fupplied with a fupper, a bed, and breakfaft, and with fourpence to carry them forward on tlieir journey ; but they are to (lay no long- er than one night ; and it is remarkable, that an infcription over the door intimates, that " rogues and proftors are excepted." The bridge over the Medmay was bulk in the reign of Edward III. at the expence of Sir John Cobham and Sir Robert KnoUes, out of the fpoils they had taken in France. Rochefter is parted from Stroud on the W. by it's bridge, and is contiguous to Chatham on the E. The corporation has jurifdiflion over the great oyfter-fifhery in thefeveral creeks of the Medway, which is now in a flourifhing way. It is 27 miles NVV. by W. of Canterbury, and 30 SE. by E. ot London. Markets on Wcdnefday and Friday, and a market for cattle the laft Tuefday in every month. Rochejier, Northumb. NW. of Otters burn, and near the fource of the river Read. Roch'eJIon Caftle, Monm. W. of Newport. ■ ■ • - Rochejionjurit in Diiblin, Leinfter. RocHE-stTR-YON, a town in the dept. of Vendee, feated near the river Yon, 20 miles NW. by W. of Lu9on, and 202 SW. of Paris. Rochfen, Wilts, N. of Amelbury. RocHFORD, a townofEdex, 16 miles SE. of Chelmsford, and 40 E. by N. of London. Market on Thurlday. Rochford, Worcef. NE. of Tenbury. RoCHLiTZ, a town of Leipfic, Upper Saxony, on the Mulda, with copper- mines. Rock, Northumb. SW. of Dunftaburgh- Caftie, Kockbear, Devonf. in Freming- ROD ton parldi. Rock, Black, Chefliire, on the cOaft, SW. of Liverpool. Rock, Blacky Cornwall, in Falmouth-Haven. Rockbridge, a county of Virginia, between the Allegany Mountains and the Blue Ridge. See Cedar Creek. Rockborn, Hants, by Fordingbridge. Rockborn-Chen''^, -Wilts, SE. of Crick- lade. Kocke, Worcefterf. Rockells, ElFex, SW. of Walden. Rock, Carry, in Monaghan, Ulrter. Rockfield, in Rofcommon, Connaught. Rockhill, in Cork, Munlter. Rockhampton, Gloucefterfliire, 2 miles N. of Thornbury. Rockingham, a town of Northamp- ton(hire. It is feated on the river Wel- land, which falls into the river Nen, \z miles 8, of Oakham, and 84. N. by W. of London. Market on Thurlday. Rockingham, a town of Vermont. RocKiNGHAUSEN, a town in the pa- latinate ot the Rhine", near Falkenftein. ' Rockws-Stairs, Kent, W, of the North Foreland. Rockland, SE. of Norwich. Rockland, 'All Saints, or Minor, St. Andrpvjs, or Majors, St. Peters, and Tcfts, Norfolk; ncarAttleborough. /J^cy^/^j.lfle of Wight, in E. Medina. . Rockeley, Yorklh. S. of Barnedey. Rockly-Hill, Dorfetfhire, near Portifham. Rock-SavageiChefhire, on the Weever, near Halton. Rocliff, Yorkfti. on the Ure, near Boroughbridge. Ro^ cliff, Cumberl. N. of'tlie Eden, near Car- liile. Rocot BnWj-f,Oxfordftiire, over the Ifis, N. of Farringdon. » ' "'", Rocoux. SeeRAUCOUX. RocROY, ato\vn["in the department of Ardennes, celebrated for the victory which the Prince of Condc, then duke of Enghien, and only 22 years ot age, gain- ed over the Spaniards in 164.3. Nine thoufand Spaniards and Walloons arc faid to have fallen in the battle, moft of whom refuCed to take quarter."' It is feated in a plain, 6 miles from theriver Maefe, and 12 NW. of Mezieres. RodboroHgh, Glouc. near Stroud. Rod- horn, Warw. between South'am and Da- ventry. Rodhorn, Wilts, S. of Malnif- bury. Roddam, or Rodham, Northumb, N. of Ingram. Redden, Dorletf. a mile and a half from Portifliam. Roddejiottt Northumberl. a foreft in South Tindal. Roddtnpon, Shropf. NE. of Chirbury. Roddington, Shropf. on the river Roddon, NW. ot Wellington. Rede, Northamp. near Sacy Foreft. Rode, Somerfctf. near Frome. Rode- Hall, Chefhire, by Sand- bach. Rode, North, Chefliire, SW. of Macclesfield. Rodeley, Lcicef.ncarMount- O o z Sorrel, R O H Sorrel. Rodenhury-Hillt, Soinerf. SE. of Fronie. Rtde/hnll, Yoikf. S. of Brad- ford. RoDEZ, a town in the dept. of Avel ron. There arc four great annual fairs here, where great numbers of mules are ibid for Splin. Here arc manufaflures of grey cloths and leigcs. It is 30 miles NNE. ofAlby. Rolling, the nnme of eight parilhes in the wellern part of Eflicx, diftinguifhcd by the additional appellation of Abbots, Berners, Beauchamp, Eyihorp, High, Leaderty Margarets, and ff'/nte. This part of the country is called the Rodings, and takes it's name from the river Roding, which rifes near Canficld, and falls into the Thames below Barking. They are celebrated for excellent arable land. Rod- ley, Glouceftei f. a hamlet in Weftbury parifli. Rqdmarton, Gloucerterf. E. of Minching Hampton. Rodmerfuam, Kent, SE. of Sittingbourn. Rodoftf NE. of Shrewfbury. RoDOsf O, a trading town of Roma- nia, with a harbour, and a Greek bifliop's fee. it is feated on the N . coaft of the Sea of Marmora, 6x mile&S. by W. of Con- ftantinople. .■, , /ioi Chipping Norton, near Long Compton. It is the remains of a Britidi temple, ac- cording to Ibme, but antiquarians are not agreed as to it's particular defignation. Rolls, Effex, near Chigweli. Roljlon, Staff, near Tutbury, and the confluence of the Dove and Trent. Rolver;dtH, Kent, two miles SW. of Tenterdcn. RoM, or ROEM, an ifland on the W. coali of S. Jutland, between thoie of Ma- nce and Sylt. It is 7 miles m length, ami z or 3 in breadth, and contains a tew vil- lages. Lat. 55. 9. N. RoM AGNA, a province of Italy, bound- ed on the N. by the Ferrarefe, on the E. by the Adriatic, on the S. by Urbino and Tufcany, and on the W. by Bologna j about 45 miles in length and 50 in breadth, fertile in corn, wine, oil, fruits, and paU tures. It has alio mines, mineral wa- ters, and falt-works, which make it'^s principal revenue. In the fifth century, It tell under the dominion of the Oftro- goths, whofe king, Theodorick, in 493, made Ravenna his ufual place of refidence. In the following century, tiic Goths being driven out by Beltfarius and Narfes, ge- nerals of the emperors of the caft, Raven- na became the refidence of the emperor's exarch, till the Lombards made themfelves mailers of it, and difpofldVcd the lali exarchs. In 755, Pepin, king of the Franks, having compelled Iftulphus, king of the Lombards, to give up the whole exarchate, conferred it on the ice ot Runie» Rivenna is the capital. RoMAiN-MOTiER, a town and Tiaia- wick of Bern, SwilTerland. Komnnhv, Yoikdiire, by Northallerton. Roman's-Leigk, Devonlhire, S. of South Moulton. Romania,, a province of Turkey In Europe, bounded on the N. by Bulgaria, on the E. by the Black Sea, on the S. by thft Archipelago and the Sea of Marmora* ai-.d ROM and on the W. by Macedonia; being 200 miles in length, and 1:50 in breadth. It was Formerly called Thrace, and is now called by the Turks, Rumeli and Icclla. It is fruitful in com and paftures ; and there are mines of lllver, lead, and alum. Hxmus and Rhodope are the principal mountains, extending, in long ridges, from the frontiers of Macedonia to the Black Sea. It is divided into three great governments, or fangiacates. Romano, a town of Italy in the Ber- gamafco. Romans, a town in the department of Drome, compared by travellers, who have vifited Paleftine, to Jerufalem, for fuua- tion and Icenery. It is 22 miles SW. of Grenoble. Rombrook, or Romerick, Herts, near Ixrkleton. Rombrougb, Suffolk, NW. of Halefworth. Romden, Kent, near Smar- den. Rome, a famous city of Europe, founded 748 years before the Ciiriftian era. It was formerly three times as large as it is at prefent; and is now one of tbe largeft and handlbmeft cities of Europe. It contains 81 parifhes, 200,000 inhabit- ants, including ftrangers, 2827 priefts, 384.7 monks, 1910 nuns, 1665 ftudents, and 1470 paupers, and is divided into 14 quarters, or wards, called riones. The number of inhabitants has gradually in- creafed during the whole oi this prefent century. Some of the principal rtreefs are of confideraljle length, and perfeftly ftraight. That called the Corlb is the molt frequented. Here the nobility dlf- play their equipages during the carnival, and take the air in the evenings, in fair weather. The Strada- Felice, and the Sti-a- da.di-Porta.Pia, are alio very long and noble ftreets. There are no lamps light- ed in the llreets at night ; and all Rome would be in utter darknels, were itmot for the candles which the devotees fometimes place before the Madonas, or (tatues of St. Mary \ thefe appear glimmering, at vail intervals, like Itars in a cloudy night. The footmen carry dark lanterns beiiind the carriages of people of the firft diftinc- tion. Rome, at prefent, exhibits a ftrange mixture ot magnificent and interefting, and of common and beggarly objefts. The former confift of palaces, churches, fountains, and, above all, the remains of antiquity. The latter comprehend all the rell of the city. The church of St. Peter, in the opinion of many, furpafles, in fize and magnificence, the finefl: monuments of ancient architeflure. It's length is exact- ly 730 feetj the breadth 520 j and the ROM height, from the pavement to the top of the crol's, which crowns the cupola, 450. ^ The Pantheon is the mod perfeft of the Roman temples which now remain. '< In fpite," fays Moore, " of the depreciations which it has fuftained from Goth?, Van- dals, and Popes, it ilill remains a beauti- ful monument of Roman tafte. The pa- vilion of the great altar, which ftands un- der the cupola of St. Peter's, and the four wreathed pillars of Corinthian brals, which fupport it, were formed out of the fpoils of the Pantheon, which, alter all, and with the weight of 1800 years upon it's head, has ftill a probability of out- living it's proud, capacious rival." From the circular form of this temple, it has obtained the name of the Rot undo. It's height is 150 feet, and it's breadth near- ly the fame. There are no windows ; tht central opening in the dome admitting a fufficiency of light. The rain svhich falls through this aperture immediately drills through holes, which perforate a large piece of porphyry, that forms the centre of the pavement. Being converted into a Chriftian temple, the Pantheon, originally creflcd to the honour of all the gods, is now dedicated to Mary, and to all the maityrs and faints. As the Pantheon is the mod entire, the Amphitheatre of Vef- pafiun is the moft ftupendous monument of antiquity in Rome. About one half of the external circuit ftill remains; from which a pretty exaA idea iT)ay be formect of the original ftruflure. By a computa- tion of Mr. Byres, it could contain 85,000 fpe(!ilators. The Campidoglio is an ele- gant ftruclure, railed on part of the ruins of the ancient Capitol. But the antiqui- ties of Rome arc too numerous to be mi- nutely delcribed. The ancient Forum is now a covj-market-.^ and on the top of the beautiful Column of Trajan, 120 feet high, is the ftatue of St. Peter, inftead of that of Trajan, &c. The Rum;.eds. Rook's- Hill, SulVcx, N. ot Chitl^ltcr.- Rookjieyy Kent, near Foot's Cray;- Rook's Neji, Surry, near Gndltone. : Rookt(;ood-Hall, Effex, near theRouings.. Rope, Chelhiie, near Namp twich. Ropejley, Line. W. of R O S Fokingham. Ropeley, Harnp/h. NE. of Aires ford. Ropjlon, Yorkfti. near Horn- fcy-Bcck. Roc(UEBRUNH, a town in the dept. of the Var, 4 miles W. < f Frejus.. Roqjjeiort-de-Marsan, a town in the dipt, ot Laiides, k-atrd on the river Douzt, 10 miles NE. of Mon;-de-Maiian. Roc^tMAURE, a town in the dept. of Gard, icated on the W. fide of the Rhone, 6 miles N. of Avignon. Roridge, Devonf. W. of Yarnfcomb. RosANA, a river in the Tyrolefe. Rosas, a town in Catalonia, with a harbour, feated near the Mediterranean, on the bay of the fame name, 22 mile* NE. of Gironne. Rofierkin, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. RoscHiLD, a town of Denmark, in the Ifle of Zealand, with a fmall univer- fity. It was once the rtfidence of the kings of Denmark, and in the great church are fcveral tombs of the kings. In 1658, a famous treaiy of peace was concluded here. It is feated at the bottom of a Imall bay, 16 miles W. of Copenhagen. Roscommon, a county of Ireland, in the province ot Connaught, 47 miles in length, and from 9 to 29 in breadth j bounded on the E.by Leitriin, Longford, and Meath ; on the N. by Sligo and Lei- trim } on the S. by Galway ; and on the W. by part of Galway and Mayo. It is a fruitful country, and, by the help of good hufbandry, yields exccllcn: corn. It con- tains 50 pariflics, about 17,140 houfes, and 86,000 inhabitants. Here are iome extenlive bogs, and but few hills. The principal town is Athlone, but the aflize- town is Rofcommon. ^Roscommon, the fhire-town of the county of Rofcommon, in Connaught, 69 miles WNW. of Dublin. *RoscREA, a thriving town of Tip- perary, in Munfter, 59 milts from Dub- lin. Rofcrovj; fee RuJJicro'u: . Rofe Aher, Lancaf. N. ofKiikham. Rofc-AJb, De- vonfhire, SE. of S. Moulton. RosfcAU. a town on the W. coaft of the Illand of Dominica. RoJebur7t, Northumberl. S. of Whit- chelier, and W. of Rutchefter. Rofe-Cafm tie, Cumberl. near Dalflon, on the Calder, a magnificent feat of the bilhops of Car- line. ^ ^ RosEBRUGGE, a town of. Flanders county. r Rojeden, Northumb. near Ilderton and Roiinm. iio/i'^/7/, Wellmoil. inthepa- rwh of Shap. )iofe-HaU, Herts. SW. of King's-Langley. Rofeland, Cornwall, a I fruitful R O S fruitful vale between a creek of Falmoii til- Haven and Tregony. Rofenellis, in Qneen's-County, Leinfter.- RosENFELD, a town of Wurtemburgv Roses. See Rosas. , , Ro?ETTA, a town in Egypt, fountied in the 8th century. It is Icated on the weflern hranc'i oFthe river Nile, and call- ed by the Egyptians, Rafchid. It is near two miles in length, has no itreets perrcdl- ly ilraight, nor any remarkable Iquares, but the houCes, built with terraces, and ftaoding afundci, have an air of neathers and elegance. They have a great manu- tadlory of itriped and other coarfe linens ; but it's chief buiinel's is the carriage of goods hence to Cairo: for all European ilierchandife is brought hither from Alex- andria by fea, and hence carried bv boats to Caiio; as all the produx Rofely, Gknic. in Wvthington pari/h. Rojley-Hillt Cmnb. noted for it's annual fair. ■ ■• • Rofmattaher,.\n Clare, Manftert . '• . , R O S Ropfiaiihci, ilE. of Hereford; J{p{//!0-^ r RosOY, a town in the dcpt. of Seina and Marnc. i 5 miles S. of Meaux. , ;; Rofs, EiTex, in Dcbden and >yali}^ parilhes- * Ross, a fine old trading town of He- retoulihire, with a good market for corn and caftlf. Here the celebrated pliilan- thropiif, Mr. John Kyrii (Pope's Man, of" Roi's) had his refidence, and died in 1714, aged 90, with the blefTmgs of all, rich and poor. He conllru6fed a fine broad caufsy, at the W. end of the town j tiq al(o railed the fpire of the church upwards ot 100 feet, and funk a relervoir tor the ufe of the inhabitants of the town. It is comcnodioully katcd on the river Wye, and is iz miles SE. of Hereford, and 115 W. by N. of London.- Market on Thurf- day. The fairs, which are well ilored with cattle and other provifions, are July 20th, Thurlday atttr Oi.'-.fobcr loth, aiul December I ith. There is alio a great market on the firlt Thurlday after the lorh of March. Ross, or .Ross Carberry, .a fmall town of Cork, in Mimfter, ftated on a bay of the ocean. It is 20 miles SW. of Kinfale, and 151 from Dublin.. * Ross, or New Ross, a trading town of Wexford, in Leinfter, feattd on the ri- ver Barrow, which is navigable ior large veflels up to the quays, and forms a fine harbour. It's principal exports are but- ter and beet. It has a ferry acrols the ri- ver tpofed to the cold, hsve become very hard and impenetrable, from this praiJtice. Governmeni continue to exert every nerve to compel the fubjeth have the (hort jacket, the Uriped petticoat, and the tar- tan plaid; and both too, in general, hav» a napkin r-lled about t!ieir head. The Ru.Ti.an women arc, however, far more rich in th^ir attire; nor is gold lace w.ipf. ii!g, any more than the ait of painting, t» complete the RuiTian belle. Th«. young grnciarion are in..deii)i7ing theie an 'juc velfmcnts ; the Ititf einbioKieied najikin i» fupplaiued by one oi flowing filk; -.he jacket R U T jakkft ancl'petti'coat are ofmuflin, or other fine ttiitFs ; and ihe pl^Id is exchanged tor a lilk or liitin clonk, in tlic cold leafon, lined with fur. Tiie riclur ciafs of ft^- Alsles wear velvet boots. Tlie drefs of the hiplier rinks is .ifter the Frencli arid En£r!:/h fafhion ; and all mult have a co- vering of fur fix months- of the year. Thus equipped, tlie prince and the pea- fant ;l!e jiurKd iii their chaifes and fledges througii the dreat-y Scythian \K>iftter. The fovereigns of Ruflia are abfolute. They were forrherly called Grand Dukes, which is ftill the title of the heir apparent. They afterward afTun^ed the title of czar, and, in ihc fequel, that of emperor. The natives pronounce the word igi:fhire, and Montgomeryfhire. Ryal, or Rjichall, Rut- landfhire, NW. of Stamford. Rydal, Yorkfhire, a fine fruitful vale, fo called from the river Rye pafTmg through it, with above 20 churches, between Hovlng- ham, Helmfley, and Kirby Morefide. RvAN, Loch, a lake of Scotland, at the NW. angle of Wigtonfhire. The fea flows into it through a narrow pals ; and it was formerly crowdedj in the fea- fon, with fhoals of herrings, that have for the prefsnt deferted it. Rydal-Water, a lake of Weftmor- land, a little to the W. of Amblefide. It is about one mile in length, fpotted with little iflands, and coinmunicates by a nar- row channel, with Grafmere- Water to the W. and by the river Rothay, with Win- dermere- Water to the S. *Rye, a populous town in SufTex, an appendage to the Cinque Port of Haflings. It's port has been long i'o choked iip^with fand, that .it could only admit linall veffels. This inconvenience v/as remedied by an aft of parliament, in 1761, and the har- bour rellored, by letting the fea and tide« through a canal up to Winchellea Wall, fo that vefTels of 300 tons burden may now ride here with fafety and eafe. It exports corn, malt, hops, timber, and vvorl ; and it's fifliermen lend confiderable fupplies of foles, plaice, &c. to the Lon- don markets. It is 34. miles SE. by S. of Tunbridge, and 63 SE. by S. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Rje, or Ree, Herts, near HodlHon. *Ryegate, a town in Surry, feated in the Vale of Holmefdale. It had formerly a caflle, called Holm-Caftle, built in the time of the Saxons, fome ruins of which are ftill to be ieen ; particularly a long vault, with a room at the end, large enough to hold 500 perfons, where (according to tradition) the barons, who took up arms againft King John, held their priTate meetings. It is 16 miles E. of Guilford, and zi S. of London. Market on Tuef- day, and a monthly one on Wednefday. Ry eland, Gloucef. in Dimmock parifh. Rydth, Shropfhire, W. of Bifhop's Caltle. RyerJIt, Kent, by the Medway, a Inile N. of Weft Mailing, Ryfield, Middl. E. of Uxbfidge. R' Y S^ Uxbridge. Rjf.eld- Lodge, Hants, in the New Foreft. Kyghton, Yorkl'. in Holder- nefs, SE. of Hunanby. Rygkton, Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Ryk, Djifetfhire, a hamUt to Wliitchurch. Ryle, York!", in Holdernels, SE. of Headon. Rjle, Great and Liitle, Nortliumberl. near Alnham. Ryme latrinfica, Dorletfhire, half a mile W. of Yateminlter. Ryj'e, Elfex, part of the manor of Hatfield Regis. ^yfii ihirc, SW. of Horulcy. Ryswick, a large village in Holland, between the Hague and Delft, where the Prince of Orange had a palace. It is re- markable for a treaty concluded htre in 1697^ between the allies, conhfting of Great Britain, Germany, Spain, aud Hol- land,' and France.' , r .'■ ^ R Z E Rytbef, Yoik-fhire, E. Riding, near Ca— wood. Ryton, Durham, near Newcaltie. Ryton, Nottinghamftiire, in the manor of Mansfield. i?y/o«, Shropfr.ire, SW. of Tongcaftle. Ryton, Great and Little^ Shropfliirc, W. of Afton-Burnel-Callle, Ryton of the Eleven To, Shropfliiic, fo- called horn 11 parilh chuiches in it's' view, Ifands between Shrewfbury and Ofweftry. Rtec/ica, a town of Lithuania, ca- pital of a territory of the lame name. 'RzEVA, a town and territory of the Rufilan empire, leated on the Volga, near it's Ibiirce. • • • RzEVA THE Desert, a town of the Ruffian empue, in the territory of Rzeva. biUil ,t ,J.-. ;i::i.; 1.^ ,:.j. .J,d SAABA, a t&wn anddiffrlftof Negro- - \»r)eace, and is full ot craggy rnoumaias, among which are fcr(ile valleys. , Samar.\ng, a town on the N. coaft of Java. ' Samarcand, or Sarmacand, an an- cient, large, and populous city of Aiia, capita} of a kingdom of the, fame name, in the couniry of the Ufceck Tartars, with 3 famous academy of fciences, to which the Mahometans refort to ftudy, from all the neighbouring countric-S, The houfes gre built of (tone, aod It was the feat of Tamerlane the Great. It carries on a trade in excellent fruits, and is plealantly featedon the river Sogde, 150 miles E. by N. of Bokhara. Lat. 39. 50. N. Ion. 63. zo. E. Samballas, feveral iflands of Ameri- ca, on the N. coaft of the itibmus of Da- rien. None of them are inhabited, but they arc claimed by the S}«niards. In the long channel betvv^;en the Samballas Jind the ifthuuis, extending from Point Samballas to the Gulf of Darien, the fea Is navigable from one end to the oiher, af- fording good anchorage and llielter, be the vyind which way it will. Samborn, Warw. near Great Coughton. Sambre, a river of the Netherlands, which rifcs in the department of Aifne, and pacing by Landrecy, Maubeuge, and Charleroy, falls into the Maele at Namur. Samford, Dorfetfhire, NE. of Eveifliot, SAM Hamford, Somerfetf. SW. of Bridgewater, Samford- Arundel, Somtrf. SW. of Wrl- lington. Samford liret, Somerf. SVV. of Qn^antock-H-.lis. Hamford Courtney , D.- vojif. N. of Okch.impton. Samfcrd Dor. cas, Somcrfetl. NW. of Milhourn-Port. Samford, Great zn<.\ liltu; EfTcx, NK. of Thaxted. i'i7m/cjbury Hfdl, Lane. N'W. of Hjackbiirn, i»c. by S. of London. Markets on Wedncl'- day and Saturday. Sandwich Islands, in the N. Paci- fic Ocean, are 11 in number, and extend in latitude from x8. 54. to ti. 15. N. and in longitude from 150. 54. to i6o. 24. W. They are called by the natives O^vhyhte, Mowee, Ranai, Morotoi, Talioorowa> Woahoo, Atooi, Neeheeheow, Oreehoua, iVIorotinne, and Tahoora, all ijihabited except the two laft. The climate cf thefe iflands differs very little from that of the 'Weft Indies in the fame latitude, except that it is more temperate ; and there are no traces of thofe violent winds and hur- licanes, which render the ftormy months in the Weft Indies fo dreadful. There IS ahb more rain at the Sandwich Ifles, where the mountainous parts being ge- nerally enveloped in a cloud, fuccelTive ihowers fall in the inland parts, with fine weather, and a clear Iky, on the fea-fhore. Hence it is, that few of thofe inconvenien- ces, to which many tropical countries are fubjeft, either from heat or moifture, are experienced here. The winds, in the win- ter months, are generally from ESE. to NE. The vegetable produf^tions are near- ly the fame as thofe of the other illands in this ocean ; but the taro root is heie of a I'uperior quality. The bread-fruit trees thrive not in fuch abundance as in the rich plains of Otaheite, but produce double the quantity of fruit. The I'ugar- canes are of a very unufual fize, fome of them meafuring 11 inches and a quarter in circumference, and having 14 feet eat- able. There is alio a root of a brown colour, fliaped like a yam, and from 6 to 10 pounds in weight, the juice of which is very fweet, of a pleafant tafte, and is an excellent fubftitute for fugar. The quadrupeds are hogs, dogs, and rats ; the fowls are of the common fort, and other birds beautiful and numerous, though not various. Goats, pigs, and European feeds, vrere left by Captain Cook j but the rofTcffion of the goats foon gave rife to a conteft between two diftri6ls, in whic'i the breed was entirely deftroyed. The inhabitants are undoubtedly of the lame race that pofltfles the iflands fouth of the equator; and in their perfons, language, cuftoms, and manners, approach nearer to the New Zealanders, than to their lefs diftant neighbours, cither of the Society or Friendly Iflands. They are, in gene- ral, above the middle fize, and ftrongj they walk gracefully, run nimbly, and arc capable of bearing grtat fatigue. Many SAN of beth fexes are faid to have fine open countenances; and the women, in parti- cular, have good eyes and teeth, with * fwcetnef* and fcnfibility of luok, that ren- der them very engaging. There is one peculiarity, charafteriftic of every part of this nation, that even in the handfomelt faces there is a fulnels of the nofttil, with- out any flatnefs or Iprcading of the nofe. They fuffer their beard» to grow, and wear their hair after various fafliioiis. The drefs of both men and women nearly lelrmbles thofe of New Zealand, and both fexes wear necklaces of fniall variegated ftielU. Tattowing the body is praiitil'ed by every colony cf this nation. The hands and arms of the women are alfo very neatly marked, and they have the lingular cuftom of tattowing the tip of the tongue. Like the New Zcalancltrs, they have adopted the metliod of living together in villages, containing from 100 to 200 houfes, built pretty clolely together, without much order, and having a wind- ing path between them. They are gene- rally flanked, toward the fea, with detach- ed walls, vvhicli are meant both for flieiter and defence. Thefe walls confift of loofe (tones, and the inhabitants arc very dex- terous in fliifting them fuddenly to fuch places as the direction of the attack may require. In the lides of the hills, they have little caves or retreats, the entrance to which is fecured by a fence of the fame kind. Some of their houles are large and commodious, from 40 to 50 feet long, and from 20 to 30 broad j while others arc mere hovels. Their food confifts princi- pally of fifh and vegetables, to which thty add the flefli of dogs and hogs. The making of canoes, mats, &c. forms the occupations of the men ; the wornen are employed in manufacturing cloth; and the fervants are principally engaged in tlie plantations and fifliing. They have va- rious amui'ements, iuch as dancing, box- ing, wreftling. Sec. Their agriculture and navigation bear a great refcmblance to thofe of the South Sea iflands. Their plantations, which are fpr^ad over the whole fea-coalt, confift of the taro, or ed- dy-root, and IwecC potatoes, with plants of the cloth -tree let in rows. The bot- toms of their canoes are of a Angle piece of wood, hollowed out to the thicknels of an inch, and brought to a point at each end. The lidts confill of 5 boards, each about an inch thick, neatly fitted and lafhed to the bottom part. Some of their double canoes meafure 70 feet in length, 3 and a half iniUpth, and 12 in breadth. They naake fall in great abundanctj and of SAN of a good quality. As the iflands are not united underone government, wars are fre- quent among them. The fame fyftem of fiibordination prevails here as at tlie other iflands, the fame abfolute authority on the part of the chiefs, and the fame imrefift ing Itibmifllon on the part of the people. The government is njonarcliical and hereditary. At Owhyhee is a regular fociety of priefts living by themfclves, and dilfinft, in all refpefts, from the reft of the people. Hu- man facrifices are here frequent ; not only at the commencement of a war, or fignal enterprife, but the death of every confi- derable chief calls for a repetition of thefe horrid rites. Yet, apart from thefe obfervances, they are acknowledged to be of the moft mild and affeftionate dilpofi- tion. They live in the utmolt harmony and friendfhip with each other j and in hofpitality to ftrangers they are not ex- ceeded even by the inhabitants of the Friendly Iflands, when their refentment is not kindled by injury. Their improve- ments in agriculture, and the perfeftion of their manufaftures, are certainly ade- quate to the circumftance of their fitu- ation, and the natural advantages which they enjoy. Sandwich, and it's Bay, Dorfetf. S. of Purbeck Ifland ; fee Sn.vannvich. Sandy, Sortierfetf. near Yeovil. Sandy- Acre, E. of Derby. Sandy Hill, Dorfetf. near Corfe- Caftle. Sandy -Capel, 8urry, by Eflier. Sandy-End, Middlef. between Chelfea and Fiilham. Sandy Lane, Oxfordf. between Iflip and Wheatley. Sandy-Lane, Wilts, between Marlborough and Corfliam. San- dy-Way, Cheftiire, SW. of Northwich. Sandy-Well, Gloucef. in Dowdel'wcll pa- rifli. Saiieton, Lincolnf. near SawclifF. Sanfofd, Devonf. N. of Crediton. San- ford-Heath, Oxfordfti. N. of Chipping- Norton. Sanghall, Great, near Chefter. Sanghall, Majj'ey and P^rf^jCIieflilrejbe twccn Meoles and Overchurch. Sanghton, Chefliire, between Tattenhall and Chefter. Sanguesa, a tovv-n of Spain, in Na- varre, fcated on the river Arragon. Satikey, Great and Little, Lancaflilre, rear Warrington. San-Matheo, a town of Valencia. Sanore-Bancapour, a country of Hindooftan, fituated to the N. of Myfore, and S. of Vifiapour. The fortrefs of Sa- nore is 1 1 o miles SSE. of Vifiapour. Lat. 15. 39. N. Ion. 75. +4. E. Sanpoo. See Burrampooter. Sanquhar, a town in the diftrifl: of Nithfdalc, and county of Dinnfries. It is remarkable for It's coal-trade, and a ma- •ufa^ory of worfted mittens and Itock^ SAN ings. It is feated on the river NIth, 14 miles NNW. of Dumfries. Santa-Clara, an ifland of Peru, ia the Bay of Guyaquil. Santa-Cruz, a town on the SW. coaft of the Iflaml of Teneriff, defended by tour fmall forts, and leveral batteries. The town is veiy irregularly laid out, anJ contains about 300 houfes, built of ftone. The principal ftreet is broad, and has more the appearance of a fquare than a ftreet, with the governor's houfe at the upper end. Here is a church, and llveral con- vents. The road before the town is the principal one in the ifland for flielter, ca- pacity, and the goodnefs of it's bottom. It lies entirely open to the SE. and S. winds; but thefe never continue long, and there is not an inftance of a fliip's driving from her anchors on fliore. Lat. a8. 31. N. Ion. 16. 31. W. Santa Cruz, a town of Sus, on the coaft of Morocco, with a large and fecurc harbour. It is feated on the Cape Aguf-r, or Ger. Lat. 30. 38. N. Ion. 10. 7. W. Santa-Cruz, a fea-port of Cuba, on the N. fide of the ifland, 50 miles E. of the Havannah. Lon. 81. 16. W. Santa-Cruz-de-la- Sierra, a town of S. America, capital of a province of that name in the vice-royalty of Buenos- Ayres. The environs produce great quantities of honey and wax. Lat. 17. 4.6. S. lon. 65. 14. W. Santa-Fe, a town of N.America, ca- pital of New Mexico, feated near the Rio- del Noite, 990 miles NNW. of Mexico. Lat. 36. 50. N. ion. 106. 35. W. Santa-Fe-de-Bogota, a town of S. America, capital of New Granada, with an univerfity. It is leatcd on the river Magdalcna, in a plentiful country, abound- ing in corn, cattle, and fruit, with mines of filver in the mountains, 360 miles S. of Carthagena. Lat. 4.. 9. N. lon. 73. 5. W. Santander, a fea-port of Afturia. Santaren, a town of Portugal, '\(l Eftramadura, near the river Tajo, in a country very fertile in wheat, wine, and oil. The inhabitants are about 8000. It is 45 miles NNE. of Lifl)on. Santee, a rirer of S. Carolina. Santen, a town of Cleves, with fine walks, that run as far as Wefel, from which it is 5 miles diftant to the W. Santillana, a fea-port of Afturias, capital of the eaftern part of that province. It is 70 miles NNE. of Oviedo, and zon N. of Madrid. Santon, Cumberl. near Penrith. Santon^ Devonf. in Branton parifli. Santon, Lin- colnf. near Spittle-in-the-Strect. Santon^ P j> 4. Cumbe-.!, S A R Cuinbfrl. in Iiton paiifh. Sanion Uoufe, Norfolk, ntar Brandon -Ferry. Saktorin, or St. Erini, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the N. of Candia, ar.H to tlic S\V. of Nan^ihio. It is eight miles in length, nc ir as much in breadtji, and almoft covered v/ith pumice fton^, whence the Ibil, in general, muft be dry and hari\ni it is, however, greatly im- proved by the labour and indiiftry of the inhabitanis, who have turned it intoa gar- den, it ;iffords little wheat, b-.it a great deal of barley and cotton, and large quan- tities of wine, in which, and their cottoii mannfaftures, thtir trade cunfifts. Fruit is icarce, except figs, and they have nei- ther oil nor wood. They kill their beeves but once a year, and then they put it in pickle, which makes it very hard. The inhivbitants are all Greeks, and arc about 10,000 in number. Pyrgos is the capi- tal, bcfides which there are four towns and five villages. Tiiey iiave but one ipringin theKland, for wliich reafon tluy pieferve the rain-water in cilterns ; and tiiough tliey are fubi>.c\ to the Turks, they chule their own inagiitrates. Lat. 36. 10. N. ion. 26. T. E. Saniojh-Ferry, Lincolnfli. from Vork- fliiie to the Klc of Axholm. Saone a.nd Loire, a department of France, S. of the depart, of Cotc-d'Or. Ma^on is the capital. Saone, Upper, a department of France. It takes it's name from a corili- derable river which rifes in Mount Volges, and palling by Gray, Chalons, Ma^on, &c. fails into the Rhone at Lyons. The capital is Vefoul. Sapcote, Leicef. SE. of Hinckley. Sa- ferton, Derby f. E. of Uttoxeter. Saper- tcft, Gloucelterfhire. Samen'/a, three iflands and a cape of Turkey in Europe, oppofite Modon, near the S. coait of the Nlorea ; very fmall, and badly cultivated. Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion. 21. 35. E. Snpington, Kent, near Betham. Sa- pijioiiy Siitfolk, NW. of Ixworth. Sap- ley, and it's Park and Heath, N. of Hun- tingdon. Sapperton, Lmcolnf. W. of Fo- kingham. Suf>y, Upper, Hereford f. N. of Broinyani. Sapj, Lo'vcer, or SapyPitcb- ar,i, Worccf. N. of B.omyavd. Saraclns, a people celebrated fonie centuries ago, who came from the defcrts of Arabia : Sarra, in r jjeir language, llg- nilying a defert. They were the f«(t dif- cipies of Mahon-.et, and, within 60 years r.tter his death, conquered a great part of Afia, Africa, and Europe. They kept poftrflion of Spain tiil rlu- ynr 1311, vyhcn S A R fhey were finally expelled. They main- tained a war in Paleftine a long time, ag:\in(t the Weftcrn Chriftians, and, at length, drove them entirely uui of it ; b,ut now there are no people known by that name, for the dcfccndants of thofe who conquered Spain are called Moors. S.\F.Ar,ossA, a city of Spain, in Arra- gon, wit It an archbifhop'k fee, a univcr- fity, founded in 14.74, and a court of in- quifition, It was originally built by the Phcenicians, who called it Salduba } and the Romans fent a colony here in the reiga of Auguftus, whence it had the name of Cajfar Auguftus, which, by oxruption, has been clianged into Saragofia. It is large, handibme, and well built. The ftrects are long and broad, but ill pared, and dirty ; and the houl'es art from three to fix (lories high. It is adorned with many magnificent buildings, and they reckon 17 large churches, and 14. hand- fome monalferies, not to nitntion others lels confiderable. The river Ebro runs acrofs the place, dividing it in twoj and on it's banks is a handiome quay, which ferves for a public walk. The Holy- llreet is fo large and broad, ir may be tak- en for a jquare ; and here thty had their bullfights. In this ftreet are Uveral no- blemen's fannlies, particularly that of the viceroy. The cathedial is a fpacious Gothic building ; but the fineft is that of Nueftra Signora del Pilar, feated on the fide of the Ebro, and is a place of the greateft refort for devotees in Spain. They exhibit aMadona iiere, or a luppofed mi- raciilcus ftatue of Mary and the Infant, which Itandi on a marble pillar. The or- naments of this image are immcnfely rich ; the crown being full of precious (tones ot an ineftimuble price ; icarce any thing i& to be fecn but gold and jewels : and a va(t number of people come in pilgrimage hi- ther. The town-houle is a lumptuous ftrn^lure j in the hall are t!ie pidures of all the kings of Arragon, and in the cor- ner of it a St. George on honeback, with a dragon of white marble under him. Sa- rago(fa is feated in a large plain, with two bridges over the Ebro ; one of ftone, and the other of wood, which latter has been thought ihs moll beautiful of it's kind in Europe. It is 130 miles VV. of Barce- lona, and 160 NE. of Madrid. Lat. 41. 53. N. Ion. o. 2S, W. Saratof, one of the 4.1 goveniment* of RufTia, formerly a province of Aftra- can. It is divided into la di(lii6ls, of which tliat of the fame name is the prin- cipal. S.^RATQF, a town of RulTia, in the govern- S A R government of thefanie name, feated on the Volgn, 392 miles SE. of Molcow. Lat. 51. ^o. N. Saratoga, a town of New York, on the river Hudfon, where, in 1777, a Bri- tish army, under General Burgoyne, fur- rendered to the Americans, under General Gates, on a capitulation. Sarbruck, a town of Treves. SARBRtJCK, or Sarbourg, 3 town In the dept. of Meurthe, feated on the ri- ver Saare, 33 miles E. of Nanci. Sardam, a fea-port of North Holland, where formerly were vaft magazines of timber for building (hips, and nayal llores, with a prodigious number of fliipwriolus. Here is itili fcen tlie hut in which Peter the Great, czar of Ruifia, refided, while he worked as a ftiipwright in this town. It has been faid, that the fliip-builders of Sirdam would Xindertake, on two months notice, to build a ihip of war every week during the year. Sardam is feated on the river Wye, 7 miles NW. ot Amfterdjm. Sardinia, an ifland of the Mediter- ranean, 14.2 miles in length from N. to S. and 60 in it's mean breadth from E. to '.V. It was orioinally peopled by the Phceni- ciansand Gietks, and called by the latter Ichnufa, Sandlalotis, and Sardo. The foil is tei-iiie in corn and wine, and there are a great number of oranges, citrons, and olives. On the coaft is a fiftiery for anchovies and coral, of which they fend large quantities to Genoa and Leghorn. Beeves and fheep are numerous, as well as horfes, which are very good for labour and the road. They are fed in the little iflands about it, which abound in game ; and iu that of Afnaria are great numbers of tur- tles. The air is very unhealthy, from the marfliy land. The inhabifants were formerly accounted rude and barbarous, and the Romans banifhed their (late pri- foners to this iiland; but they are mucli more civilized Ijuce, and enjoyed great liberty, till an inquiiition was elfabliftied at Sifiiri. As the inhabitants are not very induftrious, the land Is not fufficknt- ly cultivated J nor do they pay much at- tention to trade. It conta;ns mines of filver, lead, fulphur, and alum; and they make a good deal of fait. In 1708, this iiland was taken by the EngliHi for Charles III. and allotted to the emperor by the treaty of Utrecht, In 1713 ; bur, in 1720, it was ceded to the Duke of Savoy, r.s an equivalent for Sicily. The royal revenue is inconfjderahle, after the charges of the army and civil officers are dcduifed. The king of Sardinia keeps his court at Turin, the capital of his Piedmontefe ttnilories i S A R but be has a viceroy at Cagllari, which Is the capital of this Uland. Sardo, or S art, a decayed town of Turkey in Afia, in Natolia. It was for- merly called Sardis, and was capital of Lydia, and the feat of the famous king Cioefus. It now contains only a few poor huts. However, here Is a large caravan- fary, where there are handlbme lodgings for travellers, it lying in the great road from Smyrna to Aleppo ; and the Turks have a molque, which was formerly a Chriftlan church. The inhabitants are now almoli all ihepherds, wiio feed their flocks in the neighbouring plains. There are alio a tew Chriffians, who employ ihemielves in gardening. It Is 30 miles ENE. of Smyrna. S-iTiiofi, Great and Little, Staffordftiire, SVV.otCank. Sare, or Sarre, a rirer of France, which riies in the dcpt. of the Vofges, and pafling by Sai bruck, Sar Louis, Sar- bruck in Treves, Sec. falls into the Mo- lelle a little above Treves. SarefJen,0>i'iQ\:AL in Cliurchill parifli. Sargans, a town of Zurich, capital of a county of the fame name, about 15 miles In extent each way. It ftands on the top of a hill, and near it are mineral fprings. It is governed by a bailiff ftnt by the eight cantons alternately. Sargel, a fea-port of Tremefen, feat- ed on the feu-coalf, 25 miles from Algiers. Lat. 36. 30 N. Ion. 2. 15. W. Sarguemine, a town in the dept. of Moielle, feated on the river Saie, 9 miles N. of Sarbruck. Sark, or Serk, a little ifland lying i leagues E. of the Jfland of Guernley, on which it is dependant. It is about two miles long, and nearly as much wide, and contains about 300 Inhabitants. It is re- markably heslthtul, and nffords all necef- faries for it's inhabitants ; particularly apples, turnips, carrots, with molt kinds of grain. Ducks, mallards, woodcocks, teal, &c. abound here, and, at fome fea- fons, the cliff- pigeons almoft cover the ifland. Of rabbits they have great plen- ty, and alfo a variety of fea-filh. The only manufaclure is knitting of itockings, gloves, wailtcoats, with which they trade :o Briftol, lie. and return with necctfaries, having feveral fmall veflels for that pur- pofe. Sark, Little, a very fmall Ifland, fituated to the S. of Sark. Sark, a river which rifes In the E. part of Dumfriesfliire, and, for feveral miles, forms the boundary between England and Scotland. Sarlat, S A S SarlaT, a town in the dept. of Dor- in. Sakno, a rmali river ofthe kingdom of Naples, whicii riles near a town of that name, and falls into the Bay uf Naples. Saros, a town of Hungary. SARPtN, a town of ChrllUanrand, Nor- wuy. Sarre, or Sarr-Street, Kent, in the I lie of Thanet. Sur^et, Herts, N. of Watford. tiARREAL, a town of Catalonia, feated on the liver Francoli. In the neighbour- hood are quarries of alabafter, lb tranfpa- rent that they glaze their windows with it. Sarsana, a town of Genoa. Sarsina, a town of Romagna. Sarte, a department of France, S. of that ot Orne. It takes it's name froin a river wliich rlfes in this laft department, and pairing by Alen^on, Frenay, Le T^frins, Sjc. joins the Kidine at Angers, and ti-.e Loire 4 miles below it. The ca- pital is Mans. Sari;.'.!, New. S:;e Salisbury. Sakum, Old, an ancient borough of Wilts, which, though now reduced to a flngle tarm-houfe, (till fends two members to parliament ; thefe are chofen by the jiroprittors of certain adjacent lands. It once covered the uimmit of a high fteep hill ; but there is nothing now to be feen ot it but fome fmall ruins of a caille, with a double intrencliment, and a deep dirch. The tracks of the Itrcets and cathedral may be traced our by the different colour ot the corn growing where once the city Itood. It Is about a mile N. of S.ililbury. Sakverden, a town in the dept. of Mofelle, leated on the river Sane, 10 miles NNW. of Sarbruck. Sarwar, a town and county of Hun- gary, 48 miles SE. of Vienna. 3ASERAM, a large town uf Hindooftan, in the country of JBahar, feated near a great lake, 55 miles SE. of Benares. Sassari, a city of Sardinia, capital of the tcnitory of Lugari, and occafional re- fidence of the victroy. It contains near 3c, coo inhabitants, and is famous for a fountain called K..nrel, vihich is laid to be ir.uch more magnificent than the belt at S A V Rome. The inhabitants have the follow- ing proverb, Chi mn 'v'tdde Roffel, nort 'viddn mondo\ he that has not feen Ron'cl, has not feen the world. It is feated in a plain, 6 miles NNE. of Algher. Lat. 40, 46. N. Ion. X. 39. K. Sas-van-Ghent, a town of Dutch Flanders, Imall, but regularly fortified. It has fine iluices, and is feated on a ca- nal, which communicates with the Scheld and with Ghent, 8 miles N. of that city. Sassuolo, a town of Modena. Sat AB AGO, a province of Afiatic Turkey, S. of Imiretta. Satalia, or Antalia, a fea-port cf Caramania, large, ftrong, and divided in- to three towns. Hire i» a fnperb molquc, which was formerly a Chriltian church. The country about it is fertile ; and the citrons and oranges aie excellent. The inhabitants trade in wool, cotton, go^^t's- hair, agaric, gum tragacanth, opium, and bees-wax. It is 134 miles S. of Kiu taja, and 265 S. by E. of Conllaiuinople. Lat. 37. I. N. Ion. 32. ai. E. Saterleigh, Devonl. on the Bray, SW. of South Moulton. Saterth-ivaite, Lancaf. in the NW. angle of it, between the ri- vers FoiTc and Thufton. Satgong, or Satagong, an Incon- fidcrable village in the iijubah of Bengal. In the 1 6th century it was a large trading city, in which the European traders had their factories. It is leattd on a creek of tlie Hooghly River, about 4 miles NW. of Hooghly, Satridge, Herts, NE. of Thundridge. Satron, Yorkf. E. of Swalcdale. S ATTAR ah, a tcnvn of Vjfiapour, in Hindooftan, formerly capital of the Mah- rattaftate: 50 miles S. of Poonah. Savage Island, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 3'3 miles in circum- ference, dil'covered and named by Captain Cook, in 1774. Lat. k^.i.S. Ion. 169. 37. w. Savannah, a town of N. America, in the ftate of Georgia, of which it was formerly the capital. It is regularly built in the form of a parallelogram, and is feated on a fandy bluff, with banks at lealt Co feet high, on the S. fide ot the river Sa- vannah, 17 miles from ifs mouth, and 117 SE. of Augufta. Lat. 31. o. N. Ion. 81. 12. W. Savannah, a river of N. America, which forms a part of the divilional line that leparates the ftate of Georgia fronfi that of S. Carolina. It is navigable for boats of 100 feet keel from Augufta to Savannah, and thence for velicls of 300 toJii burden, to it's cntJance into tbe At- lautic S A U hntic Ocean, at Tybee-Bar, in lat. 31. 57. N. where it has 16 leet water at half tide. Savatopoli, or Sebastopolis, 2 town of Mingrelia. Save, a river of Germany, which has it's fource in Caniiola, and falls into the Danube at Belgrade. Savendroog, a fortrefs of Myfore, in Hindoollan, fitinted on the top of a vnlt rock, rifing hnif a mile in perpendicular height, from a bale of above 8 miles in circumference ; and divided at the fummit by a chafin, which forms it into two hills. Thefe, havingeach their peculiardefences, form two citadels capable of being main- tained independently of the lower works. Walls, crofs walls, and barriers have alio been created at every accelfibie place. On Dec. loth, 1 79 1, Colonel Stuart encamp- ed within three miles of the rock, and on the morning of the iilt, at 11 o'clock, the Britlfli loldiery made themfelves mai- lers of a forticfs which had hitherto been confidered as impregnable. It is 18 milts W. of Bangalore, and 4.7 NE, of Seringa- patam, Saverdun', a town in the tlept. of Arriege, I'eated on the river Arriege, 15 miles N\V. of Mirepoix. Saiiernake-ForeJ}, Wilts, SE. of Marl- borough, about IS miles in compafs, and the only privileged forelt for hunting that is podeffed by a iubjciPt. It is plentifully Itucked with larsredeer. Saverne, a town in the department of Lower Rhine, 18 miles NW. of StraU burg, Rnl no E. of Paris. Savfjlon, Hampflure, NE. of QMarley- Hill. Saii^^he, a river In Cirnarvonfliire. Sayior's, St. Cornwall, near Foy. Sa~ 'viour's, St. Ccrnw. near Padftovv- Haven. Savxgliano, z town and diltrift of Piedmont, 8 miles ESE. of Siluzzo. Saul, Cilouccf. 4. miles from Newnham, and 6 from Durfley. Saui, or Seil, Nor- folk, between Aleftiam and Foulfliam, Saiddfn, Bucks, in Murfley parifh, near Fenny-Strattord, SaziUon, Devonf. NE. of Stratton, and near the Tamar. Saulgen', a town and county in Au- ilrian Snabia. Sauliet;, a town in the dept. of Cole d'Or, where anciently was a college of the Druids, and the ruins of a temple dedicat- ed to the Sun, are yet vifjlile. It is 30 miles W. of D.jon, and tt^r SE. of Paris, Saumur, a town in the department of Maine and Loire ; before the revolution, capital of « government called Sv.unnirois. Here is a famous bridge over the Loire: it was built in i7'^2) and confilU of tt SAW elliptic arches, each 60 feet in diameter. It is is miles SE. of Angers, and 160 SW. of Paris. Saiinby, Nottinghamf. SW. of Gainf- borough, in Lincoinniiie. Saunder's Island. See Sir Charles Saunde r's Island. Sa-jock, a river in Lancashire, which runs into the Kibble, near Lea, Savona, a confiderable town of Ge- noa, and, next to Genoa, the bt.(l in the republic. There are ff vera! line churches, and other well-built ftruclurcs. The Ge- noele, fearing that it would hurt their trade, ruined the harbour, and rendered it unfit for large vclftls. The country ahout it is well cultivated, and abouivis in filks, and all forts of fruits, ft i» f-'atcd on the Mediterranean, 20 miles SW. of Genoa. Savoniers, a town of France, in the dept. ol Indre and Loire, S miles SW. of Tours, n'jar which are c;werns, famous for their petrilicatlons. Savoy, a ci-devant duchy of Europe, anciently called Sibaudia, and now form- ing the department of Monr-Blanc. \n 1 791, this country was over-run by the French, the people receiving them as friends rather than as enemies; and, in the Time year, it was decieed by the na- tionil convention, that it ftiould be an 84th department of France, by the name of Mont Blanc. See Blanc, .Mont, Savu, an illand in the F.altern Indian Ocean, about 24 mi Irs in length, depend- ant on the Dutch Ealt-India Comi)any. The Dutch have not taken poirellion oi it, but fend Hoops to trade with the natives, for provifions to liipply the inhabitants of their Spice Illands. Lat. 10. 35. S. Ion. izz. 30, E. Sat'.thy, a river in Carmarthenfliire. Sauves, a town in the dept. of Gard, 12 miles SW. of Alais, Sauveterre, a town in the dept. of Lower Pyrenees, 17 miles NNW. of Pau. Sauveterre, a to.vn in the dept. of Aveiron, 14 miles SW. of Rhodcz. *'SAWBkiDnEwoiirH, a town of Hert- furdihire, 4 miles S. of Bilfjop's-Stort- ford, and zG N. of London. Market oa Wed ne!". I ay. Sh-ivcfneref, Ellex, W. of Manuden. Sa-ivilijf, Lincolnf. SE. of Burton-upon- Trent. Sanvcot, Kent, near.Cranbrook. Sa^Mcion, Yoikfliire, in Pickeiing Forell. Sazvley, Derby f. on the Trent, SE. of Derby. Sazv!ry, Yorkf. SW. otRippon- ^'^zw/^^' v^^Vk, Yorkf. SW. ofGilburn. Sa-uj^lhc-p, Lincolnf. N. of Spiliby. Suiv- Jiortt Cainb.'-idgef. at the foot of Gogma- S A X jTry-HiIl". Smofree, St. A'lcfrenVf Ju- dtihf \w<\ AU-Saitiis, Himtirigdonr. E. of tlic Giate :>nd Thor/>, Norf. VV. of Lcldon. • S.A.XWUNDHAM, a town of Suffolk, fitiiatai upon a hill, 20 miles NE. of Ipf- wich, and 89 NE. of London. Market on Thurlday. Saxony, Upper, one of the nine ciicles' of the Crer-nan empire. It is bounded on the E. by Pruilia, and a part of Poland and Silelia ; on the S. by Bohe- mia and Franconia ; on the W. by the circle of the Upper Rhine, and that of Lower Sixony; and on the N. by the Bal;ic, and the circle of Lower Saxony. The elector of Saxony was formerly the direftor, but as the whole circle now is moftly Lutheran, eiflit alVcir«rs are dejiut- ed to tl)e impc! iai chambers, of which the (flecfor of Saxony naaies two, the ele(5for of Brandenburg two, and tl-.e other ftates name the mi. It comprehends the elec- tornte of S.ixony, or Saxony Proper, the principality cf Aiihal:, the l.mdgi avate of Thuringin, the marche of Erancioiburg, and the dnchy of Pijmcr.snia ; am! iheie are fubdlvided into many diftrii'ils. £axonv, Lower, one of the nine circles of the Gernum empire, is bounded on the N. by tlie Biltic and the duchy of Slefwick ; on the W. by the Geiman Ocean .and the circle of Wcllphalia ; and on the S. and E. by the circle of the Up- per Rhine, and the ciicie of Upper Saxo- ny. The direftors or this circle aie the dukes of Magdeburg-, Bremen, and of Brunfwick- Lunenburg. It compiehends the archbirtiopfic of Magdeburg, the bi- ihopiic of Hildcflieim, the arcbilhopric of Bremen, the biflioprics of Haiberftadt, Schwerin, Rafzburg, Lubec, and Slef- wick 5 the duchies of Biunl'wickLuiien- burg, Lawenburg, and Mecklenburg; the Erincipality of Verden; the counties of Icinftein atid Blauburg; the Iree cities of Hamburg, Lubcc, Goflan, Mulhaiifen, and Northaufen. Saxony, Proper, or The Elector S C A Hate of Saxony, In the circle of Upper Saxony, compofed of the duchy of Saxony, the greater part of the maigraviate of Mif- nia, a part of the Vogiland, and the N. pait of Thuringia, Lvifatia, and a part of the county of Henneburg. It is about 75 miles in length, and 62 in breadth, is cut into two unequal parts by the river Elbe, and is a very fertile and trading country, abounding m mines. Saxted, Suffolk, near Framlingham. Saxthorp, Norfolk, NW. of Alefham. Saxioit, Vorkl. near Aberforth. SaxuUy, L(.icefterfliire, NW. of Melton-Mdwbray. Saybrook, a town of Conne^icut, N. America. Saycock, one of the iflands of Japan, divided from Niphon by a »anow channel. The Dutch iaffors are permitted to relide in the little illatid of Diinia, which is on the W. fide of it. Lat. 34. o. N. loti. 132. 28. E. Sayd. See SiDON'. SAYPAN,or Sr. Joseph, one of the Marian Iflands, in the Eaftern Indian Ocean. Safs-Court, Kent, near Deptford. Scadiniry, Kent, in Chiflelhurlt parifh. Scadbury, Kent, S. of Gravefend. Scad- hiun, or Stadhant; Oxfordfiiire, near Chi- felhampton. ScAGEN, a town of N. Jutland, near a cape of the lame name, 18 miles N. of Fladllrand. ScAGERAC, or Categat, a gulf of the N, Sea, between N. Jutland, Norway, and the Klands of Zealand and Funen. Scaggletkorpi Yorlcfliire, E. of New Malton. Scala, a town of PrincipatoCitra. Sc alanova, a town of Natolia, with a harbour. It is feated on the fea coaft, 40 miles SSE. of Smyrna. Sc^Ihy, Lincolnl. near Glanford-Bridge. Scalhy, Yorkfliire, W. of South Cave. Scalhy, Yorkf. near Scai borough. Scalhy. Cfjjlle, Cuml)erl. 5 miles N. of Carlillc. Scaldzuel/, Nortliamp. W. of Walgrave. •^cale, or Scnib, Cornwall, nearSenan and the Land*s-End. Scale, near Hertford. Scale, Lancal". in Amoundeinefs. Scale, Lancaf. S. of Ulverlfon. Scalel'y, Cumb. near Stanwix and Kirklinton. Scalford, Leicelteifhire, NW. of Waltham-on the- Would. ScALiTZ, or Scala, a town of Hun- gary, 32 miles WNW. of Topoltzan. Scalmar.'in Rocks, in Down, UHfer. They are lituated in Donaghadee-Har- bour, and, though fo fmooth and flat that veffels feldom fuffer on them, are rather dangerous, being overflowed by the tide. ScalKC' S C A Scalme Park, Yorkihire, between Sher- buni and Sclby. Scalp, a cuiiiuis chafm, or fifTure in a fidge of mountains, 5 milts trom Dublin, on the road to the Dargie and Waterfall. Jt lij-eiTis as it' by an extraordinary convuU Jjon in nature, the mountain had been cracked acrofs, and torn alundcr, prodigi- ous huaps of ftones, of enormous iize, hav- ing tumbled down into the rocky chal'm. It forms one of the moft (hiking curiofi- ties in Ireland. By breaking down and lereiling the pronjinencies of the prodigi- ous piles of malljve rocks in the l)Ottom, an eal'y and good road lias been infinuated tlirough the rugged fiirure, SCAMACHIE. See SCHAMACHYA. Scameljhy, Lincolnfliire, N. of Horncaf- tle. Scampton, 4. miles from Lincoln. SCANDAROON. See Alexandretta. Scandinavia, an ancitut general name for that trait of Europe, which contains Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, with the ieveral ifjands in the Baltic. ■Scania.. Su-e Schonen^ ■ Scar, in Wcxfgrd, Leinfler, Scara, a town of W, Gothland, for- merly the refidence of the kings of Goth- lai^d, It is ieated 8. of the lake Wenncr, 66 nniks NE. of Gottenburg. '■Scarborough, a large town of the JJ. Riding of Yorkihire, leattd on a fteepy vpck, near wiiich are fuel) craggy cliffs that it is almoft inacceinble on every fkie. Dn the top of this rock is a large grctn plain, vyith a little well of frefh water, Ipfinging oqt of the rock. A noble large Cdille was erected here by I^mg Henry II. which is now mofily In ruins. It is great- ly rrtquentcd on account of it's mineral waters, which are purgative and diuretic, and alio forfea-bathing; m which account it is n)uch improved in the number and beauty of it's buildings. The fpring was imder the cliff, part of which tell down in December 1737, and the water was loft j but, in clearing away the ruins, in order to rebuild the wharf, it was lecovced, to the great joy of the town. Here are ai- Icinblii-S and balls, in the lame manner as at 7\nibridgp. Scarborough has a good harbour, poireffes a confiderable fliipping- ^rade, fupplies York and other places with cod, mackarel, turbot, &c. and is the belt port for veflfels to take to, in fhefs of weather, between Newcaftle and the Hum- ber. It is 36 miles NE. byE.of York, and 237 N. of London. Markets on Thurf- tlay and Saturday. Scarborough, a town and fort of Tubago, taken from the French, by llorm, S C H by the Englifli general, Cuyler, April 15, Scardiff, Derbyfhire, near Bohbver. SCARDONA, a town of Daimatia. Scare/brick, Lancaf. near Marton-Meer, and t he lea. Scark, North, Lincolnl". S W. ot Lincoln. Scarle, South, Nottmgh. id the paiifli of Newark-ooTrcnt. Scar LINO, a town of Tulcany, Scarm.'ig, Norfolk, S\V. of E. Dereham, ScARO, a town of Sautoiin, in the Ar- chipelago. ScARPANTO, anciently Carpathus, an.ifland of the Archipelago, and one of the Sporndes, lying to the SW. of the Ifle of Rhodes. It is about 18 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. It abounds in cattle, and game, and has mines of iron, quarries of marble, with fcveral good har- bours. The inhabitants are mofily Greeks. ScARPF, a river of France, which riles near Aubigny, in the dept. of Calais, waihes Arras, Douay, and J>t. Amand, and falls into the Scheld, 7 miles SSE of Ttiurnay. Scarrington, No.tlngh. between Nor- manton and Nottinghau), Scarfdale, 3 rich, fruitful traO, in the NE. pan of Der- byfhire, lurrouncied by barren rocks and mountains. Scarthitigaveilf Yorkf. near Sherborn. Scartko, Line. S. oi Giinjfby. Scafcal^ Cumberland, N\V. of Ravenglals. Scaroja, a village on the Ncwry canal, in Down, Ulfter, 67 milts from Dublin. Scar-Tvagh Pafs, in Down, Uilter. Scar- raivaljh-, in Wexford, Ltiulter. Scapworth, NotiinghamCiire, by the Idle, E. of Bautiee. Scatrick, an ifland in Strangford Lake, in Down, Uilter. Scr.tUrj., an ifland of Keiry, Munlter, in the Shannon. Scauden, Northumherl. in the barony of Wark. Scaupn.tjkk, Line. S. of Nofton. Sca-xvjl>y, Yorkf. W. of Doncafter. Sce- chejley, Leic. hy Hinckley. Scerborough^ Of Scorhorougk, Yoi kl. NE. of Wighton. ScHAFFHAUSEN, a town of SwilVcr- land, capital of a canton of the lame name, lituated on the N. fliore of the Rhine, near a celebrated cataract. It was formerly an imjiciial town, governed by an ariltocracy ; it was admitted a mem- ber of the Hi. Ivetic confederacy in 1501, and it's territory forms the twelfth canton in rank. The inhabitants of this town are computed to be 6000 ; but the number of citizens or burgeflirs (in whom the fu- preme power ultimately rcfidcs) is about 1600. From ihefe are ele^fed 85 mem- bers, who form the great and little coun- cil j the fenate, or little council of 25, be- ing S C II ing entrufted with the executive power, and tlic great council (inckiding the (e- nutc) finally deciding all appeals, and re- gulating the iTidic important concerns of govifinment. The town ]» tolerably well built ; and here is a famous wooden bridge over the Rhine. The river being ex- tremely rapid here, had already dtlhoytd fevtral llone bridges of the Itrongelt con- ftrui^ion, when, in i7S4i Ulric Gruhen- man, a carpenter of Turten, in Appenzel, offered to throw a wooden bridge of a fni- gle arch, over the river, which is near 400 itet wide. The niagiftrates, however, re- quired that it (hould conlift of two arches, and that he ftiould, for that purpofe, em- ploy the: middle pier of ih>: olil bridge. He has done fo ; but has contrived to leave it a matter of doubt, whether the bridge is fui)ported by the middle pier. A man of the (lighteft weight feels it al- Kicft tremble under him ; yet waggons heavily laden pafs over it without danger. The fides and top of it are covered ; and it is what the Germans call ha^ageiverk, or hans;lng-bridgc : the load, which is al- nujft level, is not carried, as ulual, over the top of the arch, but (if the exprclfion may be uftd) is let into the middle of it, and there fulpendcd. The architedl was totally unacquainted with the tiic»ry of n-.echanics. Veflels that go down the Rhine p^y a toll here. The inhabitants are about 7000. Schafthaufeii is 21 miles N. by E. of Zuiich. Lat. 47. 43. N. Ion. S, 41. E. ScHAFFHAUSEN, the fmalleft canton of Swiflcrland, bo»md«d on the N. and W. by Suabia ; on the E. by part ot Suabia, and tl>e bilhopric ot Conllance; and on the S. by the Rhine. Jt is 5 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth, and contains 17 parirties, and 10 bailiwicks. The revenues of the flate are not very confiderable, as will ap- pear from the lalary of the burgomaftcr, or ciiief of the rcpid)Uc, which barely amounts to 150I. aycar. The rt^orw^if- Wa/;, was introduced here in 1519. Tlie priedhood is fupporicd by the llate ; but their income is barely iuliicient tor their maintenance ; the greateft lalary being only lool. and the leaft 40I. per annum. The proiclfors of literature alio, who are taken from the clergy, are paid by govern- ment ; and a I'chooi is fupported at the public expence. Sumptuary laws are in iorce here, as well as in molt parts of S'.riiVerland ; and no dancing is allowed except upon particular occafions. The paf- tures are good, and they export wine 5 corn is moftly procured from Suabia. The popu- lation of this canton is tlUmatcdat 30,000, S C H SCHALMOLT, a town of Iceland, with a bi(hop*s fee, a college, a cathrdral, and a fchool. Lat. 64, 40. N. Ion. zz. 20. W. SciiAMACHYA, a town ot Perfia, capi- tal ot Shirvan. It l;as very laige manu- factories of fdks and cottons, and is featcd on the W. fide of the Cafpiitn Sea, 250 miles NNE. of Tauris. It was formerly very iargv, but is now decayed, above 6000 houfes having been thrown down hy an earthquake. Lat. 40. 50. N. Ion. 50. 4. E. ScHANTZ Sterney, z fortrefs in Ca- rtlia, J'eatcd on the river Neva, a little to the ealtward of Pttertburgh. ScHARDiNG, a town of Bavaria, on the river Inn, 7 miles S, of Paflaw. ScHAKNiTZ, a town in the Tyrolefe, on the confines of Bavaria, near a mouno tain pafs ot importance. ScHAWENEURG, a territory of Weft- phalia, about 30 miks in length, and 10 in brtndth, belonging partly to the Land- grave ot HcfTe, partly to the Duke of BrunfA^ick Lunenburg, and partly to the Count of Lippe. ScHELD, one of the mod confiderable rivers of the Netherlands, rifcs about 8 miles N. of St. Qointin, in the department of Ailne, and paiTTng by Canibray, Bou- cham, Valenciennes, Conde, Tournay, Oudenarde, Ghent, Dendermond, and Antweip, it divides into two branches be- low Fort Lillo. One of thel'e, called the Eallern-Scheld, flows by Bcrgeit-op- Zoom: the other, the Weftern-Scheld, proceeds to Flufliing, and both forming feveral iflands, empty themfclves into the Ger- man Ocean. ScHELLA, a town of Hungary, feated on the river Waag, near which is a vol- cano, that burns continually. It is 25 miles NE. of Prttburg. ScHELLENBURG, a town of Berch- todfgaden, Bavaria, famous for the defeat of the French and Bavarians in 1 704 by th« Englith and Inipcrialilts, under the Duke ot Marlborough and Prince Lewis of Ba- den. The former were vtry llrongly in- trenched. Jt is 22 miles SSW. of Ingoi- ftadr. ScHELLiNG, an ifland of W. Frielland, lying at the entrance of the Zuyder-Zee, between Vly Ifland and Ameland. Schelly, Suffex, NE. of Hortham. ScHEMNiTZ, a town of Hungary, one of the feven mountain towns, with three caftles, a college, and a royal mine office. In largenefs, and number of mine-works, it furpafifes all other mine-towns in Hun- gary. The gold and filver mines heire ItiU produce a confiderable quantity of ore, Tbe S C H Tlie workmen are in number above 5000. The yearly charges to the crown, ot the mine-works here, amount to above 500,000 guildeis. It is 14. miles S. of Kiemnitz, and 92 E. of Vienna. ScHENiNG, a town In E. Gothlaixl, formerly more confiderable than at prel'cnt. The annual fair here, on the 29th of July, is one of the iargeft in the whole king- dom. It is leafed on the river Skena, S miles SSE. of Waltena, and 17 SW. of LinkopinfT. SCHENKENSHANS, cr ScHENCK, a for- trefs in Cleves, in an angle of the Betuwt^, wliere ihe Rhine divides into two branches, one of which runs towards Arnheim, and preferves the name ; while the other, which paiTes by Nimeguen, is called the Waal. It is 12 vailis SSE. of Nimeguen. ScHER, a town of Suabia. ■ ScHEKDiNG, a town of Bavaria, on the Inn, 6 miles S. of Pafiaw. ScHEVE, a town of N. Jutland. ScHEvELiNG, a village of Holland, near the Hague. Schiedam, a town of Holland, feated on tlie canal called the Schie, which com munjcites with the Maele, 4. miles \V. of Rotterdam, Schikejier, or St. Ofwald's, in the Pi61's Wall, near Caftle-Steeds, above the contiux of the N, and S. Tyne. Scbilmington, Northumberland, in the manor of Heppal. SCHILTACH, a town of Wurtcmburg. ScHiNZN ACH, a town of Bern, famous for it's tepid mineral waters, SCHIRAS, a city of Periia, capital of Farifillan. It is 3 miles in length trom E. to W. but not fo much in breadth. The houfes are built of bricks dried in the fun ; the roofs are fiat and terraced. There are 15 handfome molqucs, tiled with Itones of a bluilh green colour, and lined within with black polilhcd marble. There are about io public gardens, with tieeb, the Jargell of the kind, perhaps, in the world ; and fruits almoll of every kind, belide va- rious beautiful flowers. The counuy about Schiras is lurprilingly fertile, pro- ducing the finelf horles, the belt paiturcs, and ftieepv^hofe tails weigh 18 or 30 pounds weight. The wines of Schiras are not only the bell in Perfia, but throughout the Eaft. Jt is about 190 miles S. otll'pahan. ScHLESTADT,3 town in thedepartment of Lower Rhine, lented on the river lij, iS miles SSW. ot Strafburg. ScHLEUSsiNGLN, a town of Hennin- gen, Franconia, feated on the river Schleus. Schmiedeberg, a town of Jauer, Si- lefia ; and a town ot Meiffcn, UpperSaxony. Scholefmorej Yorkl, SW, of Bradfgrd, S C H ScHOMBHRG, a town of Trtves ; a town ot Olmutz, Moiavia j and a town of Schweidnitz, Silelia. ScHONECK, a townof Vogtland, Upper Saxony. ScHONEN, Scania, or Skone, a pro- vince of Sweden, on the Sound, S, of Ha- land and Smaland. It is about 65 miles in length, and 4.8 In breadth, and is a very fertile country. Lunden is the capital. ScHONGAW, a town of Upper Bavaria, on the Lech, 90 miLs W. ot Saltzburg. ScHOONHOVEN, a town in S. Hjjiand, with a very commodious havtn. It is Icated on the river Lecli, in which there is an excellent I'ulmon-filhery, 14. miles E. of FvOtterdam. ScHORNDORF, a town of Wurtcm- burg, noted tor it's falt-fprings. It is iG miles E. ofStutgard. ScHOUTEN, an illand in the Eaftern Indian Sea, no miles in ciicumterence, difcovered by William Schouten, a Dutch- man, in 1616. Lit. o. 50. S. Ion. 135. 25. E. SCHowEiV, an iiland in Zealand, lying between the Klands of Gorce and Bever- land, being 15 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. Ziriczee is the capi:al. ScHUT, a large itland of Hungary, a little below Pielburg, in the river Danube, 30 miles in length, and 10 in it's mean l:>readth. There is another ill.uid of the fame name, tepsrated trom the above by a branch of the Dunube, zo miles in length, and 5 in breatkh. ScH w A B AC H, a town of Anfpach, Fran- conia. SCHWARTZEMBURC, a lordthlp of Franconia j a town of Erzeburg, Upper Saxony; and a town and bailiwick ot" Berne, Swillerland. ScH\VAT7,,a town in the Tirol, famous for it's mines of ditl-rent metals ; lt;.ited on the river Inn, 14. miles ENE. ot In- fpruc. ScHWARTZKURG, a town in Thurin- gia, capital of a county ot tiie laiiie name. It is feated on the river Schwartz, zi milt« SE. ot Erfurt. Schweidnitz, a city of Silefia, capital of a province of the fame name, in which are 14 towns, with flourilhing linen and woollen manufaftuies. It is the hand- fomeft town of Silefia, next to Brttlaw. The itreets are large, the church fine, and the houles well built. The royal-palace is tinned into a convent. All the magif- trates are Romanilts, and molt ot the inha- bitants are Protcltants, who have a church without the town, as alio a public Ithool. It is aa miles SW. of Biedaw. SCHWEINFURT, sen feCllWEINFURT, an iinperial town of Fiaiiconia, with a p;ilacc> where the )ena- tuti meet, who arc twelve in number. The tnvirons abound in cattle, coin, and vine, and the iiiliabitauts are Proteftants. They are not very rich, however, they c^ny on a large trade in linen and woollen cloth, goolc-qLiili.s, and leathers. It is Itated on the river Maine, z$ miles NNVV. ol Bamberg. ScHWLirz, a canton of SwiflerlarJ, bounded on the N. by the canton ot Zu- rich; on the E. by tne bailiwick of Gai- ter, and the cnnion of Giarus ; on the S, by the canton of Uii j' and on tlie W. by the cantons oi Lucerne, Zug, and Zurich. Thi^ canton, with th;'-t of Uri and Under- walden, threw off the yoke of Auilria, January 1.3,1308. . In-i 315, liaving given the Aultri;ins a total overthrow at Mor- garten, they formed a perpetual alliai'icc, which was the grand toundation ot. the Helvetic confederacy. The name of SclnvetzerUndjS^vit 7x1 land ,.orSwirferland, which originally coniprehcnded oniy the three cantons :nentioned ahovc, was after- ward extended to all Helvetia. The go- vernments of Scliweitz and Uri contain, including their iubjtfts, 50,000 people. The lame kind of foil, and tlie iame pio- du(5lions, are common to the two cantons. The whole country being rugged and mountainous, confilb cliiefly ot pafture, railes little corn, and has no wine ;. but this foil, naturally barren, has been im- proved by the natives to an aftonilhing degree of fertility. The government is democratic, every male i5 years old hav- ing a vote in the landefgemeine ; but the ordinary regency confifts of 60 counkllors, with a landgamman as prehdent, viz. ten from each of the fix quarters into which the country is divided. Out of this coun- cil the principal officers areele^led. The Romifli religion is here exclufively efta- bliflied. ScHWElTZ, a town of Swiflerland, ca- pital of the canton of the fame name, with one church, and three convents. It is feated in a fertile country 10 miits ESE. of Lucerne. ScHWERiN, a town of Germany, capi- tal of the duchy 01' M(.cklcnburgh Schwc- rin, feated on a bcauiilul lake. It is di- viiied into four pairs ; namely, Schwerin, the New Town, the Illand of Schelf, and and the Moor. The cathedral is a fine Gothic pile, with a lofty Ipire. The du- cal palace and gardens are pleafantly fitu- ated on an ifiand in the lake, and havlie S. by the Friths of Forth and Clyde, and the great canal by which they are united j Qj and, SCO and, on the S. fide of this boundary is the South divifion. The Northern divilion is chiefly an allcmblage of vaft dreary moun- tains ; not, however, vvifliout Ibine ftrtile valleys on the nortlicrn and eaftern fhores. The Middle divifion is traverl'ed, in dif- ferent direftions, by many great ranges of mountains ; and thougli cultivation here is alio found, efpecially on the eaft- ern fljore, yet of this divifion, as well as of the former, it may be oblerved, that the arable land bears but a fmall propor- tion to the mountainous and barren tracks. However, the ealtern coaft ot the Middle divifion, and the whole of the Soutiiern, has a-^fjreat refeniblance to England, and with relptft both to the general alptft of the couiitiy, and to the progiefs ot culti- vation, exhibits every kind ot rural variety. The rivers of Scotland, are, in general, remarkable for their rapidity, and abun- dance of falmon, trout, and other excellent fifh ; the piincipal are the Spey, Don, Tay, Tweed, Clyde, Forth, the Northern Dee, the Elk, Annan, Nith, and ijouthern Dee; and the lochs, or lakes, are numerous and cxtenfive. The climate is very various. The northern extremity, whicli is in the fame latitude with ibme parts of Norway, is extremely cold ; but the frolts are tar from being fo intenfe here as in parts of the continent equal!) as far to the north. For this advantage, Scotland is indebted to an infular iiiuation. It's weft co.ft is fubjefl to frequent rains in the fummer, and to fudden changes of weather. In many places on the eaitern (liore, and in the whole South divifion, the climate is not inferior to the north p^rt of England ; and, ill general, the air ot Scotland is very healthy. The produ6ls of the country are grain, flax, woods of oak and fir, coal, lead, iron, free-ftone, lime-ftone, (late, the moft beautiful marble, fine rock-cryltals, pearls, variegated pebbles, kelp, &c. It feeds vail herds of cattle and flocks of (heep; they are both fmall, but much va- lued for the delicacy of their ficfh j and the fleece of the latter emulates the fineft Spanidi wool. It is in the high grounds that the cattle are fo diminutive ; for, in many parts of the country, the horlcs and cows are not excelled in fize and beauty by thofe of the Englilh breed. Among the wild animaU are the roe, ftag, fox, bailgcr, otter, hedge-hog, rabbit, weafel, mole, and other fmall quadrupeds. Among the fea- th*Ted race, are the capercailzie, or cock of the wood, the eagle, falcon, partridge, quail, fnipc, plover, black-game, and groufe, Sec, The fiflierics in the furround- ii)g Teas are of great national importance^ SCR and will become a real fourcc of wealth' t» the nation, when increafing commerce fhall enable the inhabitants to form roatls, cred\ villages, and open canals, in the remote puts of the country. The trade and population of moll of the great towni have confidc-rably iiicreafed of late. The wtftein fliores, ' however, are annually drained of inhabitants by the emigration of individuals. Scotland was an inde- pendent kingdom till James VI. was called to the throne of England j and in the reign of Queen A»ne, one of his fuccelfors, both kingdoms were united under the general name of Great Britain. Sixteen peers are elefted to reprelent the nobility, and 45 commoners, to reprefcnt the counties and boroughs, in the fame parliament with that ot England. There are five univer- fities in Scotland, viz. St. Andrews, Glaf- gow, Etiinburgh, New Aberdeen, and Old Aberdeen, Scotland is divided into 33 counties, namely, Shetland and Orkney, Bute, Caithnels, Sutherland, Rots, Cro- marty, Nairne, Invernefs, Murray, Banff, Aberdeen, Kincardine, Angus, Perth, Fife, Kinrois, Clackmannan, Stirling, Dumbarton, Argyle, Renfrew, Ayr, Wigton, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, Rox- burgh, Selkirk, Peebles, Lanerk, Linlith- gow, Edinburgh, Haddington, and Ber- wick. The eltablifhed religion is the Prefbyterian, and the capital is Edin- burgh. Scotland, Dorfetf. a mile N. of Corfe- Cartltr. Scotlcuid Green, Middlefex, E. of Portder's End. Scotney, Kent, near Lyd, Scctney, Kent, near Lamberhurft. Scotjy Suffolk, near Aldborough. ScoCs-HaU, Kent, near Cmterhury. Scot's Houfe, in Cavan, Ulfter. Scotjland, Surry, near Godalmin. Scoijio'-ujn, in Monaghan, Ulfter. Scotfnxjood, Northumberland, 2 miles from Newcaftle. Scatter, Lincclnfhire, 7 miles NNE. of Gainftjorough. Scotio, Norfolk, SW. of Wurileil. Scotton, Yorkfhire, nearKnarelborcugh. Sconules, Dorfetfhire, in Purbeck Ifle. Scruba, a fruitful hill, in Down, Ulfter, plowed nearly to it's fummit, Scraby^ ii> Cavan, Ullter. Scrafield, Lincolnfhire, E. of Homcaftle. Scraptoft, near Leicefter. Scrajhn, Weji^ Yorkfliire, W. of Midlam. Scrateage^ Middlefex, by Ofterley-Houfe. ScrautcOf Yorkfhire, NE. ofBedall. Screen, in Mcath, Leinfter, Screven, Yorkfliire, near Knarcfborough. Screveton, Nottinghamfliire, near Sibihorp. ScRiVAN, a fea-port of Terra "Firm a, 50 miles E. by S. of Porto Bello. Scrvieljbjf' S C Y Scrtveljly-Hallt Lincolnf. by the river Witham, "near Horncaftle. This manor is held by grand ferjeatitry, viz. to attend on the coronation days, on a good war- Jiorfe, in prefence of the fovereign, to chal- lenge any one that difputes the right to the crown. Scroiy, Nottinghamihire, by Bautree, in the road from London to York. Scropton, SW. of Derby, by the Dove. Scrotagliny, in Kerry, Munfter. Scrotby, Norfolk, S. of Winterton-Nefs. Sculcoates, Yorkftiire, a fuburb of Hull. Sci'.lpius, EfTex, in Finchingfield. Scutari, a town of Tvukey in Europe, capital of Upper Albania. It is I'eated on a lake to which it gives name, 5% miles SE. ofRagufa. Scutari, a large and handfome town of Turkey in Afia, in Natolia, with a well-frequented harbour, the refidence of a bergleberg, a Greek archbifhop, and a Latin bifhop. It is featcd on the E. fide of Conftaniinople, ot which it is looked upon as a fuburb, being directly over- againft it. It contains a very handfome mofque, and is built on the fide of a hill. ScYLLA, a rock, near the Faro of Medina, on the coaft of Calabria, oppofite the celebrated Charybdis ; which, though the terror of ancient mariners, and the theme of poets, on account of it's great whirlpool, is now no longer formidable. This rock is about a mile from the en- trance of the Faro, and forms a fmall pro- montory, which runs a little out to fea, and meets the whole force ot the waters as they come out of the narroweit part of the Straits. The head of this promontory is the famous Scylla. <« It mult be own- ed," fays Mr. Brydone, " that it does uot altogether come up to the formidable dc- I'cription that Homer gives of it ; the read- ing of which (like that of Shakefpeare's Cliff) almoft makes one's head giddy. Neither is the paflage fo wondrous nar- row and difficult as he makes it. Indeed, it is probable that the breadth of it is greatly increaled fince his time, by the violent impetuofity of the current ; and this violence too muft always have dimi- niihed, in proportion as the breadth of the channel increafed. Our pilot fays, there are many fmall rocks that ftiow their heads near the bafe of the large ones. Thefe are probably the dogs that are deicribtJ as howling round the monfter Scylla. There are likewife many caverns that add greatly to the noife of the water, and tend Sill to increafe the horror of the fcene. The rock is near 200 feet high. There is a kind of caftle, or fort on it's fummit ; and the town of Seylb, oc Sciglio, con« S E B taining 3 or 400 inhabitants, ftands on it's S. fide, and gives the title of prince to a Calabrefe family." Seaborough, Somerfetf. S. of Crewkem. Seabraham, or Sebergham, Highbound and Lo-ivboundt Cumberland, near VVigton, Seachurch, Elfex, near Canvey-Ifle. Sea- croft, Yorkfhire, NE. of Leeds. Seaford, a fea-port in Suflex, one of the Cinque PortSj 8 miles SSE. of Lewes, and 59 S. by E. of London.' Market dif- ufed. Seaford, in Dmvn, Uifter. Seal, Djrbyf. near A(liby-de-la-Zouch, Seal^ Devonf. E. of Okehampton: Seal^ Kent, 2 miles N. of Sevenoaks. Sealf Surry, E. ofFarnham*. i'^'/j/, Suffex, near Stening. Seales, Wiltfhire, near Mere. Seamelly, Line. NE, of Horncaftle. SeU' mer, a river in Yorkf. Seamer^ Yorkf. NW. of Stokedey. Seomcr, Yorkfhire, SW. of Scarborough. Seamer Hall, and Beacon, Yorkfliire, N. of Scarborough. Seapatrick, in Down, Uifter. Sea-Salter, Kent, near the fea, 4 miles NE. of Feverfham. Seafcales, Cumb, in Gosforth parifti. Seafey, Yorkf. SE. of Thirfk. Seafm, Staffordf. W. of Wolver- hampton. Seathorn, Yorkf. in Holder- nefs. Seatmoorthonv, or Seckmurthy., Cum- beiland, in the parifh of Cockermouth. Seaton, or Port-Seaton, a fea-port of Haddingtonfliire. Here is a ruinous palace, in which Mary Queen of Scots re- dded, ai'ter her return from France. In the chapel are feveral curious marble mo- numents. It has a confiderable trade in fait and coal, and is fituated on the Frith of Forth, 9 miles E. of Edinburgh, Seaton, a river in Cornwall. The town of the fame name, at it's mouth, has, ac- cording to tradition, been fwallowed up in the encroachments of the fea. Seaton, Cumberl. near the fea, S. of Ravenglals. Seaton, Cumb. in Bootle parifti. Seaton, Cumb. near Workington. Here are very extenfive iron-works on the Dtrwent, and near it there is a confiderable falmon fidi- ery. Seaton, Durham, in Seham paridi. Sexton, Northumberland, by the fea, E. of Alnwick. Seaton, Northumberl. between Mor;jeth and the fea. Seaton, Yorkfhi*, NW. of Holm, in Spalding- Moor. Sea^ ton, Yorkf. in Holdernefs, near Hornfey- Mcer. Seaton Carey, Durham, by the fea, S. of Hankpool. Seaton Dela'val, NortU-> umberland, by the fea, N. of Tinmouth, Sea'venfhale, or Shenuepiield Cajlle, North- umberland, on the Pi6t's-Wall, nearBufy- Gap. Sea'Vi-eU, StafForddiire, NE. o£ Wolverhampton. Sebastian, St. a town of Guipufcoa, Q^ » in S E B In Spam, with a good and well ficqucnted harbour. The harbour is leciired by two moles, on which rtdjubts arc planted, within which only t)ne fhip can p»ls at a time. The ftietis aie iung, broad, and fttaiglu, and paved with white flag (tones. The hollies arc handiome, the c!)u;ches neat, and the environs plLal'aiU. It carries on a great trade, and is fo populous, that fevcral families are obliged to live in the fame houCe. Their grcateft trade confilU in iron and fteel, which fome take to be the beft in Europe ; ihcy alio deal in wool, which comes from Old Cillile. On Au- guft 3d, 1794, it was inverted by the re- publican troops of France, and capitulated on the following day. The garrifon, con- futing of 2000 men, furrendered prilbners of war : 1 80 pieces of brafs cannon were taken, with conhderahle magazines and ftores. It is 50 miles NNE. ofBilboa. Sebas riAN, St. a large and handfome city of Bralll, in S. America, capital of the province of Rio Janeiro, and feated nt tile mouth of the river of that name, which forms a very extenfive and commodious harbour. The city is large, well-built, and populous; the houfes, in geneial, are of ftone, two ftories high; every houle having, after the manner of the Portu- guefe, a little balcony before it's windows, and a lattice of wood before the balcony. It ftands upon low ground, which was formerly fwampy, and furrounded by hills of vaft height, which exclude the benefit of the refrefliing lea and land breezes j lo that it is of courfe, fuffocatingly hot, and unhealthy, in the lummer. The ditferent mechanics carry on their bufinefs in di- ftiniSl parts of the town ; particular ftreets being fet apart for particular trades. On the S. fide of a i'pacious fquarc is the pa- lace of the viceroy. There are no nianu- faflures here, but much gold is brought from the mines, and plenty of diamonds, topazes, and amethyfts. Forty thoufand negroes are annually imported, to work in the mines, on the king's account. Tiiis port is a very gootl place for fhips to put in- to, that want refrefhment ; all forts of pro- villons, except wheaten bread and flour, may be eafily procured ; as a fubft itute for bread, there are yams and caflada in plenty. Lat. 22. 54.. S. Ion. 4.2. 46. W. Sebenico, a fea-port of Dalmatia, ca- pital of a county of the fame name, with a bifliop's fee, defended by four citadels and a caftle. It is feated near the mouth of the river Cherca, in the Adriatic, ^5 miles NVV. of Spalatto. Sebu, one of the Manilla Iflands. Seburg, a tovrn in the dt^rcment S E G of the Nnrth, 12 miles S. of Cont^. Seciiuka, a town of Truxilio, South America. Sechy, or StEcniNG, a town in Nor. folk, with a well- frequented marktrt, fear- ed on a fmall navigable river, 4. nuies £. of King's Lynn, and 93 NNE. of London. Market on Tuciday, and or.e once a tori- night for the fale of fat bullocks. Seckaw, a to-.vn of Stiria. Seckingen, a town of Suabia, belong- ing to the houfe of Auftria. It is one of the fortfl-towns, has a large fquare, and is feated on an il]e, foimed by the Rhine^ 14. miles E. of Bafie. Seckingto/iy a village in Warwickfhire, near Tamworih. Seckington, Liiccfler- /hire, nesr lligl.am. Sdcomb, Chcfhirc, S\V, of Liverpool -Havcn. Sedan, a confidcrable town in thedept. of the Ardennes, with a Itrong caltle, a well-furnilhed arfenal, a foundry of cannon, and a manufafture of black cloths of a fu- perior quality. ThetekbraredMarfhjlTu- renne was born in the caffle. It is leated on the river Maefe,iS miles SE. of Rocroy, and 135 NNE. of Paris. Sedbergh, Yorkf. on the river Rother, N. of Kirby Lonfdale. SediuryPark, Yorkf. near Richmond. Stdccp, Kent, 3 miles beyond Eltham, near Clnleiiiurlt. Sedejlern, Norfolk, SW, of Wallingham. Sedgbarro-iv, Worceftcrf. S. of Evcfliam, Sedgbrook, Lincolnlhire, N. of Grantham. Sedghill, Wlltfliire, between Wardour- Caltle and Gillingham Forcft. Sedgfield, a town in Durham, E. of Bifliop- Auckland. Seiigjord, Norfolk , by Snet fliam. Sedg- hy, Stafford!', near Dudley, S. of Wolver- hampton. Ileie is a confiderable nianu- fadf ure of coarle iion-wark, plough-fliares, lierfe-flioes, bolts and hinges for doors, &:c. Sedgwoory Somcrfetf. a tra6l N. of the Par- ret, between King's-Wclfon and Bridge- water, is memorable for the da^feat of tlie Duke of Monmouth and his party, in 1685, by the forces of King James II. The duke was taken near Ringwoed in Hants, as he lay hid in a ditch, covered with fern. Sedg-ivlck-Park, Sufltx, 5 miles SE. of Horfiiam. Sedkfcomb, Suffex, 3 miles from Battel. .S'^fgrai-f, Wilts, near Chippenham. Si.en, Wilts, near Devizes. Seer, a fca port of Oman, Arabia, on the Perfian Gulf. Sekz, a town in the department of Orne, Iflte the lee of a bifhop. It is 12 miles N. of Alen9on, and 102 W. by S. of Paris. ^ Segary, Wiltfliire, en the Avon, SE. of Malmfbury. Segerberg, a town of Holfleln. Secedin, S E G Segedin, a town of Hungary. SegelsBUrg, a town of Bremen, Lower Siixonj'. Segestan, a province of Perfia, anci- ently Dra: gians, havinr Koralan on the N. Canriahar and S.-.bleltan on the E. Mecran on the S. and Kerman, Farfifta;i, and Covvheftan on the W. Zertng is the capital. Segeswar, a town of Tranfylvania, capital of a county of the fame name. Seggerjlonhaugh, NW. of Durham. Sejjgejkvick, Wcltmorland, on the Can, S. of Kendal. Seghill, Northumberland, near Tinmouth. Segna, a town of Morlachia, with a good harbour. It is a free town, imder the protetSion of Aiiftria, and is ieated on thecoaft of the Adriatic, loo miles NNW. ofSpalatro. Segni, a town in the Campagnadi. Roma, wliere organs are faid to have been invented. Segorea, a town of Valencia, fcaled in a foil, very fertile in corn and v/ine, and where there are quarries of fine marble. Ir is near the river Morviedro, 27 miles NW. ot Valencia, and 150 E. of Madrid. Segovia, a city of Spain, in Old Cai'- tile, tlie fee of a hifhop. Here the belt cloth in Spain is made, from the fine Spa- nifh wool, fo much eftt-emed in other coun- tries. The manufafturing of this is one part of their trade, although, in 1785, the number of their looms, formerly fo nu- meious, did not exceed 2505 and another is very fine paper. The cathedral, which is a mixture of the Gothic and Moohfh architecture, ftands on one fide of the great fquare, and contains the ftatue of Mary in piaffy filver. The alcazar is a welUpre- ferved edifice, and was formerly the refi- dence ot the Gotiiic kings. It is feated in the higheil part of the town, is covered with lead, and has 16 rooms richly adorn- ed with tapcftry, a great deal of gilding, and fine ornaments of marble and porphy- ry. The royal chapel is magnificently gilded, and embellifticd with fine paintings. The Mint is furrounded by a river, on which are mills employed in coining, and by which every thing is done almoft inftan- taneonfiy. This mint was for fome time the only one in Spain ; of late anotlier has been cltablifhed at Seville. Theaqueduft is one of the moft aftonifhing and beft preferved of the Roman works ; it is 3000 paces in length, and is fnpported by T77 arches of a prodigious height, confiit- jng of two rows, rifing majclticnlly one above the other. It's folidity, which has i>,raved upwards of 16 centuries, feems in- S E I expltcaUe, on obferi'ing the fimplJcIty of it's conftruflion, and comparing the flen- der bafe v/ith the wonderful height. It is feated on a mountain between two hills, 45 miles NW. of Madrid. Segovia, a confiderai^le town of Lu- con, in the Manilla Iflands, founded in 1598 ; the fee of a bifliop, defended by a fort and garrilon. It is fituated near the N. coaft, 250 miles N. of Manilla. Segovia, a town of Terra Firma, in Venezuela, feated near a mountain, where there are mines of gold, 15 miles from Tucuyo. Lat. 7. 55. N. Ion. 67. 30, W. Segovia, New, a townof Mexico, in Nicaragua, 70 miles NNE. of Leon. Segra, a river of Spain, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and nins SW. through Cata- lonia, pafiing by Bniaguer. Lerida, and Mequinez, where it falls into the Ebro. Segra-ve, Leiceftcrfhire, SE. of Lough- borough. Stg/}}ilL or Sexhill, 7 milts N. of Leicefter. Segton, Lancafhire, on the Alt, by Crofby. Segura, a town of Portugal, inBeira. Segura, a town of Guipufcoa ; a town of Spanish Eftramaduraj and a town ot' Arragcn. Segura, a river of Spain, which rifes in the SW. part of Murcia, croffes that province and part of Valencia, and then falls into the lea, 16 miles SSW. of Ali- cant. Sehaffty Durham, by the fea, S. of Sun- derland. St'ifincot, G.loucefterfhire, 4 miL-s from Stow, and 6 from Campdcn. Seigh- /arJ', NW. of Stafford. Seiks, The, a numerous nation of Hindooltan Proper, confifting of feveral fniall independent dates, that have formed a kind of federal union. They pofiefs the whole of Lahore, the principal part of Moultan, and the W. part of Delhi. This tra£l extends about 400 miles from N W. to SE. and is from 150 to 200 broad, in general, although, in the part between Attock and Behker, (that is along the Indus) the extent cannot be lefs than 320, Their capital is Lahore. We knov/ but little concerning the Itate of their govern^ ment, but it is reprefented as being mild. In their mode of making war, they are unqueftionahly favage and cruel. Their army confills almoft entirely of borle, of which they are faid to l»c able to bring at li-aft 100,000 into tki field. The Seiks, like the Hindoos, molclt not others in matters of faith, and require only a con- formity in certain figns and cer.monies; but, unlike the Hindoos, they admit pro- felytes ; although ;hoie from among tht Mahometans are the lead eftcemcd. S E L Seine, a river of France, which rifes in the dept. of Cote d'Or, and, flowing by Troyes, Melun, Paris, and Rouen, tails in- to the Englifti Cliannd at Havre-de-Grace. Seine and Marne, a department of France, S. of the departments ot Oile and the Ai/he, and part of what was formerly the Ifle of France. Melun is the capital. Seine and Oise, a department of France, N. of the department of Loiret. Verfailles is the capital. Seine, Lower, a department of France, bounded on the N. by the Englifh Channel. Kouen is the capital. Seinsheim, a town ot Franconia. Seir, or HOR, a mountain in Arabia Petraea, which formerly bounded Judea on the S. and feparated it from Idumea. It is now called Sardenny, and is 14.0 miles E. of Cairo, in Egypt. SeifJen, Staffordlhire, SW. of Wolver- liampton. Scijlon, NE, of Leicefter. Sei- Jlon, Nottinghamfhire, near Stoke. Seek' ford and Park, Suffolk, SW. of Wood- bridge. Selaby, Durham, S. of Staindrop. Selatton, Shropfliire, NW. of Olweltry. Selborn, Hampfhire, near Liphook. Selbury-Hill, in WiltHuie, near the village of Kennet, and half a mile from Aubury, in the road from Marlbo- rough to Bath, is an artificial, high, round hill, raifed by human hands, but for what purpofis is unknown. It is the largeft and moft uniform barrow in this county, if not in all England. Selby, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, feated on the river Oul'e, on which V'licls of conilderable fize palis to York. It is fampus for being the birth- place of Heni7 I. and is iz miles S. of York, and 182 N, by W. of London. Market on Monday. Selefkiah, or Itschil, anciently Se- LUCIA, a town of Caramania. Seleucia Ilber, an ancient town of Syria, on the fea-coalf, N. of Antioch. Seiham, SufTex, SW. of Petworth. Sel- tiirji, SufTex, NW. of Arundel. Seligenstad, a town of Germany, in Mentz. Selivrea, a town of Romania, feated on the N. fide of the Seaot Marmora. * Selkirk, a town of Selkirkfliire, containing about 1000 inhabitants. Here is a manufafture of boots and flioes, and another of inkle. Some trophies brought away fruni Floddon Fii;id, by the citizens of Selkiik, have furvivcd the ruft of time, and arc ftill piclerved here. It is feated on the river Ettrick, 30 miles SS£. of Edinburgh. Selkirkshire, a county of Scotland, S E M bovindee^ on the N. by Edinburghfhire and Berwickfhire, on the E. by Roxburgh- fhire, on tiie S, by Dumf riesfhire, and on the W. by Peeblesfhire. It is 14 miles long, and from S to 15 wide. It is a hilly country, yielding pafture to innumerable flocks of fheep and black cattle, and the valleys bear good crops of hay and corn. The rivers abound with fifh, and the. woods with birds, both of fong and prey. The principal rivers are the Tweed, Et- trick, Yarrow, and Gala. Sellock, Herefordfhire, NW. of Rofs. Selles, a town in the dept. of Loir and Cher, feated on the river Cher, ai miles S. of Blois, and 105 SSW. of Paris. Selleth- Hall, 'Line. W. of Kirby-Lonf- dale. Selley, Shropf. SW. of Clun Caf- tle. Sellindge, Kent, by the Stour, 3 miles and a half NW. of Hithe. Sellingf Kent, z miles and a half SE. of Fevtrfham. Sellingthorp, Yorkfhire, near Driffield. Selmflon^ SufTex, W. of Pevenfey-Marfh. Selfcomb, SufTex, NE. of Battel. Selfey, SufTex, a peninfula on the Channel, SE. of Thorney-Ille. Here was formerly a lit- tle city, which was fwallowed up by the encroachments of the Tea. Sel/ide, or Sel- fted-Hall, Weftm. N. of Kendal. Selpn, Nottinghamfhire, SW. of Mansfield. Seltz, a town in the dept. of Lower Rhine, feated on the Rhine, 270 miles E. of Paris. Lat. 48, 53. N. Ion. 8. 12. E. Sel-ivooJ, Somerf. in the E. part of the county, was a foreft, about 15 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. The neigh- bouring country was called Selwoodfhire, and the chief town Frome-Selwood. Sel- nvorthy, Somerfetrnire, between Minehead and Porlock. Semeley, Wiltfhire, near Wardour-Caflle. Semendriah, a town of Servia. Semer, Suffolk, N. of Hadleigh. Semigallia, the NE. part of the duchy of Courland, no miles in length, and from 10 to 15 in breadth. It is lur- rounded by the reft of Courland, except on the N. where it is feparat*d from Rul"- fia by the river Dwina. Mittaw is the capital. Seminar a, a town of Calabria Ultra. Sempach, a lake of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Lucern, 3 miles long, and 1 broad. The banks on each fide (lope gently to the edge of the water, and are prettily checkered with wood. The town of Sempach is i'eated on the lake, 7 miles NW. of Lucern. Near Sempach, in 1386, was fought the great battle which efta- bliflied the liberty of the Swifs, in which Leopold duke of Aultria was defeated and Aain. Stmpringbamt SEN Sempringhamt Line, near Folkingham. Semur, a town in the dept. o\ Cote d'Or, with a manufacture of woollen cloth, It is 50 miles WNW. of Dijon, and 135 SE. ot Paris. Sf.mur-en-Briennois, an ancitnt town in the dept. ot Saone and Loire, 12 miles S. Charolics, and 175 SSE. of Paris. Senan, Cornwall, 5 miles from -St. Bii- nen, the moft weftern p-'.rifh in the king- dom. Senbury, Gloucef. near Campden. Sence, a river of Leicefterfhire and VVar- wicklhire. Send, Soiry, near Woking. Shnef, a town of Brabant, 13 miles ENE. of Mons. It is famous for a drawn battle fought here, in 1674., between the Fiench, under the Prince ot Conde, and the Dutch and allies, under William princ* of Orange. Senegal, a kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, feated on a large river of the fame name, which overflovvs like the Nile, and much about the fame time of the year. It is 40 days before it comes to the height, when the river overflows it's banks, and the channel is difficult to find by thoi'e who go up it in boats. The French once lent 30 men up this river, who rowed jooo miles, undergoing great hardfliips, info- much that only five returned back alive; their boat once ftuck fait on the tops of trees, and they got it off with a great deal of difficulty. The kingdom of Senegul was formerly very confidcrable, but it is now reduced into a very narrow compafs ; it is populous, and full of trees, but the foil fandy and barren, for which realbn they never fow, till the rainy feafon comes on, in June, and get in their harveft in Sep- tember The mouth of the river Senegal is laid down in lat. 15. 50, N. Senegal, an illanti of Africa, in the river Senegal, a mile and a quarter in length, and half a mile in breadth. The inhabitants areabout 3000, who live chittiy on filh and maize. Lat. 16. 5. N. Sener-Cnjile, Cornwall, W. of Treval- gan. Senez, a town in the dept. of Lower Alps, 4-9 miles N W. of Nice. Senhampton, Glouc. near Winchcomb. Senlis, a town in the dept. of Oife, lately the fee of a bifhop. It is »o miies NNW. of Meaux, and z? NNE. of Paris. Sennar, a large town oi Africa, in Nubia, capital of a kingdom of the lame name, which lies on the banks of the Nile, between Egypt and Abyflinia. It is 5 miles in ciicumference, and very populous, containing near 100,000 inhabitants. The houfes are all one (fory high, flat roofed, and ver)' ill built, but the fuburbs contain S E R only cottages, covered with reeds. The king's palace is furrounded by high walls, ot bricks dried in the fun, but is only 2 confuCed heap of buildings. The heats are cxcefljve, and in the rainy I'eafou the air is extremely unwholcfomc. There it a market every day in the week, in the middle of the town, where they fell all forts of provitions and goods. They have alfoaniarket near the king's palace, where flaves are fold : the females fit on one fide, and the males on another, and the Egyp- tian merchants buy great numbers of them every j-ear. Their horned cattle are the largcft and fattell in the world, but the common meat fold in the market is camel's fie(h. Their religion is Mahometanifm. They are an ignorant, lupcrfHrious, and yet a cunning lort of people. The women who can afford it, have flight garments of filk, and wear rings of various metals on their hair, arms, legs, ears, and fingers. Their legs are naked, and they have only a finglc fole faitciied to their feet with ffiings. Other women and girls have clothes wrapped round them from the waift to the knees. The men go almoft naked. According to Mr. Bruce, their trade is n)dia Company, and their allies, the Mahrattas, and the nizam of the Dec- can j and agreed to pay 3 crores and 30 lacks of rupees, towards the expences of the war. It is 230 miles WSW. of Ma- dras. Lat. II. 31. N. Icn. 70. 46. E. Serlby, Yorkfnire, near Bautre. Ser- leby, Nottinghamfliire, near Blithe. SeRONGE. See SiRONG. Serpa, a town of Alentejo. Serres, a town in the dept. of Upper ^Ips, J 5 miles SW. of Gap. Serret, a town of Natolia. Servia, a province of Turkey, in Eu- rope, bounded on the N. by the rivers Danube and Savt-, which feparate it from Hungary and Sclavonia ; on the E. by Walachia and Bulgaria ; on the W. by Bofnia and Dalmatia ; and on the S. by Albania and Macedonia. This country conrtitutes the VV. part of the ancient Myfia. It was formerly divided into Ser- via Pr' per and Rafcia, but at prcfent is divided into four langaicates, the names of S E V which are Belgrade, Semendriah, Scupia, and Craiowo. Belgrade is the capital. Servulo, a calHc, feated \iyon a high mouiniin, 4 miles from Triefte. Near it is the mouth of a lamous cavein, in which the Iparry exudations nave formed variety of figures of blue and white co- lours . Sessa, a town of Principato Citra. Sesto, a town in the \filanere. Sestos, a caftle of Tuikey, in Roma- nia, Tested on the Strair of Dardanelles. It is 16 SW. of Qallipoli, and oppofite Abydos. Sestri-di-Levante, a town of Ge- noa. Sestri-DI-Ponente, a town of Ge- noa. Setcheou, a city of China, in the province ot Koei tcheou. Setchfieli, Hampfliire, NW. of the New Forclf. Setchuen, a province of Giina, hav- ing Chenfi on the N. and the kingdom of Thibet and other countries on the W. It is famous for it's rhubarb, and the root fon-lin, which the Chinefe phyiicians in- troduce into ail their prefcriptions. " Setcop, Kept, 3 miles from Eltham, Sethint^, Norfolk, between Bungay and Ni.r'.vich. Setimo, a town of Piedmont. SrriNrs. See Athens. Setlege, a river of Hindooftan, the moft eafterly of the five eaftern branches of the Indus. It rifes in Thibet, and runs into the Indus, S. of Mouitan, near Veh. Seto?i, Devonf. between Axmouth and Braufconib. Settejley Po.J}age, Gloucef- terfliire, over the Severn to Chepltow. Settle, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkiliire, feated on the river Rihble, 60 miles NNVV''. of York, and 235 NNW. of London. Market on TucTdLiy. Settle--ivo3d. Gloucetterfliire, a hamlet to Hawkcfbury. Ecttrington, Yorklhire, near New Malton. Setuval. See St. Ubes. Sei'cn Churches, in King's Cotinfy» Leinfter. Se-Jen Churches; fee Clenda" lougb . ^Seuen Hills, Yorklhire, N. Riding, be- tween Applcgarth and New Foreft. Seven Islands, a clufter of iflands to that number, in the Frozen Ocean, lying in lat. 80. 31. N. Ion. 18. 4S. E. Among thefe iflands, the Racehorle and Carcais vtfltls, under Captain Phipps, were I'ur- roimdcd by the ice, from the 31ft of July to the lotii of Auguft 1773, when a brifk wind at NNE. accompliflitd their deliver- ance, and favcd them from the dreadful pro;'peft S E V profpe^l of perifhing by the winter polar cold . Se'ven Miles D^'ke, Cambridgeftiiie. * Seven OAKS, a town of Kent, obtain- ed it's name from 7 oaks which were near it when it was fiift built. Here is an hofpital for the maintenance of aged peo- ple, with a free-fchool, firft credled by William Sevenoaks, lord mayor of Lon- don in 14.18, who is laid to have been a foundling, charitably educated by a per- fon of this town. It is 6 miles NW. of Tunbridge, and 23 SE, by S. of London. Warket on Saturday. Seven Stones, Cornwall, at the rocks, between Land's End and Scilly. Sever, St. a town in the department of Landcs, feated on the river Adoiir, 20 miles E. of Dix: alio a town in the de- partment of Calvados j a town in the de- partment of Indrc ; and a town in the de- partment of the Upper Pyrenees. Severina, St. a town of Calabria Ultra. Severing, St. two towns of Princi- pato Citra ; and a town of Ancona. Severn, a river of England, which rifes near Plynlimmon Hill, in Montgo- meryftiire, when taking a north-eallerly direclion it enters Shtopfhire. It is navi- gable ii; it's whole courfe through this bounty, and entering Worcefterlhire, runs through if's whole length. In it's courfe it waters Welfh Pool, Shrew (bury. Bridge- north, Worcefter, Tewkelbury, and Glou- cefttT ; and entering the Tea, it's mouth is called the Briflol Channel. A communi- cation between this river and the Thanv^rs, the Trent, the Dee, the Merfey, and other rivers, has been lately opened by a num- ber of- dliFerent canals. Severn, The Vale of, a fpacl-^us and extenfive vale in Gloucefterfhire, which bord-rs both fides of the river Severn. It's fertile pallures furnilh the kingdom with that checfe for wluch the county is lb julily famous. In this vale, the air is fo mild, even in winter, that it fcems to enjoy a different climate from that of the Cotfwold Hills, Severn, a confiderable river of Mary- land, which enters Chefapeak Bay a little below Annapolis. SEVERNDitooG, an ifland of Hlndoo- ftan, 6S miles S. of Bombay ; on which was a fort that belonged to Angria the Pirate, which was taken by Commodore James, in 1756. Se-ziern-Stcke, or Stoke-upon-Se'vern, Worcefterlhire, N. of Upton. Severo, St. a town of Capitanata, Naples. S E V Severus' Wall, commonly called Graham's Di: or the principal mouth of of the 1 Iver Meilway. The buildings be- lonf^iiig to it iiiske a neat little town ; ami thciii is alfoa y.iid, a dock, and a clupcl. Iic;re is a fort built by king Charles II. atter the in/iilt ot the Dutch, and in the roornot that deniollflicd at (^'•enborough, with a line of cannon f.icing the water fi'le, which coiiiiiins good apartments for ihc officers of the ordnance, navy, and garrifoa. An excellent fpring was lately difcovered here, before which tlie yard and garrifon were fupplied with frefh wa- ter irom Chatham. It is reckoned one t>f the moft unhealthy fpots in the king- dom. SheeJIty Mountains, in Cork) Munfter> in the barony ot Carbery. Skeety H;mts, near Pctersfield. * Sheffield, a large and populous town in the W. Riding of Yorkfliire, fcat- cd rn the rivers Don and Sheaf. It has ty a branch of the Mcdway, called the Eali Swale. It yields plenty, of corn, and leeds numerous flocks of fheep. In it are Qu^ecnhorough and Slieernefs. Shepfcombe, (rloucef. in Painfwick pa- rifli. Sbepton, DorlVtf. SE. of Bridport. Shepton Eeauchamp, Somerf. NE. of 11- minrter. *Shepton-Mallet, a town of So- merfetfhire, fealed ifnder Mcndip-Hilis, has a coiifidtrHble rnanufailure of fecoiid- cloths, the principal mateiial of vvhich is fine Englilh word. It is 17 miles SW. of Bath, and ii^W. of London. Market on Fiiday. Shepton-Monto.gue, Somerf. S. of Bru- ton, Shep^ury, Kent, near Mardllone. Shep-xvay-Crofs, Kent, between Welten- hanger and Hithe. Sherbarn, near Dur- liani. Sherbarn, Yorkf. SW.. of Scar- borough. Sherbarn ; fee Sharnhunu *Shereor.n, a town of Do'icifJiire. It is very pleafantly feated and watered, and is a large, weil-irihabited place, 4.0 miles W. by S. of Salilbury, and 1 18 W. by S. of Ljndun. Markets on TuciUay and Satmday. Sherborn, a town in the W. R.iding or Yorklhirc. It is a well inhaliitcd place, has a famous free-fchoo!, and is rfc..ted at the confluence of tlicWIntfe and Ouic. It is 14 miles SW. of York, and SHE 181 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Sherborn, Gioucef. 3 miles fiom North Leech. Sherborn, Hants, near Eatt Wor- tham. Sherborn, Oxfordf. 6 miles from Wallingford. Sherborn, SW. of War- wick. Sherborn- Monks, or Uyi, and St. John^s, Hants, N. of Bafingfioke. SiiERBOROUGH, an Englifh fettlement in (niinea, at the mouth of Sherboroiigh River, 100 miles SE. of Sierra-Leone. Lat. 6. o. N. Ion. ii.o. W. Sherbroke, Derbyfhiie, SE. of Bolfover- Caltle. SnEa3URNE, a town in Nantucket. Sherdelonjj, Bucks, in Amcrfham pa- rifh. Shere, Suny, on the river Wey, near Aibury. Shcreford, Noifclk, near Fakenham. Sherenezvton, Monniouthniire, W. of Chtpftow. Sherenton, E. of Glou- ceftcr. Sherejly, Leicel. NE. of Lutter- worth. Skerjield, Han;s, near Bafingftoke. Sherfidd, Hants, W. of Ruivifcy. Sher- ford, Devonf. by the fea, SW, of Dart- mouth. Sherford, Warv/ickf. in Burton- H-jftings parifh. Sherfcrd Brid~e, Dorl fetf. leads to Purbeck Ifle, Sherif -Hales, SrafTordf. NW. of Tong-Caftle. Sleriff- Hutten, near York. Sheriff- Muir, a heath in Perthfliire, near the Grampian Mountair.s, famous for an undecifive battle, fougiit here io 1715, between the royal army, under the Duke of Argyle, and the Pretender's forces, under the Eur) of Marr. Sheriffs Naiinton, Worccf. N. of Per- fluire. Shering, I'.^^ti, NW. ofHulow, Sh.ringham, Norfolk, by the lea, W. of Cronu.T. Sheringlon, Bucks, near New- port Pagnel. Sheringion, Warwickf. NE. ofBraiics. Sherwgton, Wilts, near the Willbourij, E. of the Devfrels. Sherkin IJlatid, in Cork, Munfter, SW. of Bdiimore-Bay« Shermanbury, SulTex, W. of Twineham. Sherotten, Durh. near Hartlepool. Sher- Jion, SonierC. W. of Somerton. Sherjhn, Wjlts, SW. of Malmfbury. Shcrjion, Yorkf. E. of Wakefield. SherftonRock, Gioucef. in tiie Severn, near Auft-PaflTagc- SLer-ivell, Devonfhire, NE. of Rarnlbple. Shervjood, a celebrated andextenfive fortfl in the W. pait of Noitinghamf. It is now l^ript of it's woods, but, in fome parts wf it coal is obtained. Here are alio Icvejal parks and fine Icats. Shsrzvood, in Cariow, Lcinfter. Shtte, a river In Kent, which ruos into tilt Midway, at Twyfori Bridge. Shet- f-^rd, Oxf'jrdf. near Swatliff. Sht^-ji, cr Sheli'C, Siiropdiire, near Stiperlfon.-s-IIill. Shi'viock, Coinvv. r.eaii Trcmatoji Caille. Su.Eri.A»o, S II I SniTLAND, the general name of a cluf- frr of illanJi,, whicli lie about lOO miles NNE. of Caithnelsfhire, between 59. 56. ajid 61. 1 1. N. lar. They arertckoned to be 46 in number, bdides 4ofiiialler, called Hohns, vvhiclj produce palture, and as many bairen. The names of the principal are Mainland, Yell, Unft, Fula, and Phe- dei froy. The defcription already given of the largeft, or Mainland, may be ap- plied to the others, as to the particulars •f the climate, inhabitants, &c. and the iame may be faid of the Orcades. In all thufe iflands the Aurora Boreales, or Merry Dancers, as they are called by the inhabitants, are very remarkable. They are the conttant attendants of clear even- ings, and piove great reliefs amid the gloom of the long winter nights. They commonly appear at twilight near the ho- rizon, of a dun colour, approaching to yellow J Ibmctimcs continuing in that ftate for Icveral hours, without any apparent morion \ after which they break out into ftreams of Itronger light, fpreading into columns, and altering flowly into ten thou- fand different (hapes, varying their colours fi-om all the tints of yellow, to the maft obfcure ruffet. They often cover the whole hemiipKere, and then make the moft brilliant appearance. There is no light- houCe in Shetland, nor is there any chart of the country extact, that can be depended upjn. So many (hips have been loft on the E. coaft of Shetland, efpecially within the lall xo years, that it may beof cffential fervice to recommend the ereftion of a tight-houfe, on NoCs, a fmall illand, E. of Bieffay. Of thefe, fome of the moft re- markable cafes are the following. — In 1775, ^ Liverpool flilp, only 2 men faved out of i+. In 1776, the Ceres, of Lon- don, a Greenland Ihip, loft with her whole crew. In 1779, a Dutch Greenland fhip, loft, only one of the crew faved. In i78o» a Ruffian man of war, of 36 guns, only five men faved. In 1786, the Concordia, a Danilh Eaft- India fhip, with a valuable cargo, out'.vard bound, only 1 5 of the crew faved. In 1789, a Dutch Greenland (hip, only five of the crew faved. Shet- land, with Orkney, forms one of the coun- ties of Scotland. Lerwick is the capital. 5A/Uv»,^Yorknure, NE. of Halifax. Shibden, Yorkf. near Barden-Tower and Chace. Skidc, Kle of Wight, in Weft Medina. Shidfieid, Hants, in Droxford parlfti. •Shields, S. and N. two fea-port towns, one in the county of Durham, and the other in Northumberland, remarkable tor being rlie mart where (hips take in their SHI loading of coal, and where they make large quantities of fait. They are featcd on the oppofite fidts of the river Tyne, where there are conftantly jmmcnfe fleet* of (hipping, 10 miles E. of Newcaft.e. SHIKNAL. Srt' SlItfNAL. Shifford, Oxfordfhire, bt-tween B'Jmpton and the His, .S/'i/Ao/r/^, Northumberi. be. tween Wa.kworth and Alnwick. Shil- brook, Che(hire, SE. of Northwich. Sbil- burnhaugh, Nirthumberl. near Yarrow. Shildon, Devonl. near Columbftock. ShiU dranxj-, Durliam, W. of LumleyCaftle. Shillelagh, in Wicklow, Leinfter; for- merly noted for it's timber aiid oak fap- lings. Skill'ingford, Bi.-rks, in Benfington pa- ri(h. Sbillingford, Dcvonf. between Exe- ter and Chudleigh. SbelUngham, Corn- wall, near Trematon Caftlc, Shilling' Park, SufTex, E. of Blackdown Hill. Shtl. lingjlon, Dorfetf. near the Stour and Ham- blcdtm and H.xldc Hills. Shillington, Durham, NE. of Darlington. Shilton, Berks, 2 milts from Burford. Shilton, De- vonf. in Modbury parilh. Shilton, Not- tingham(h. S. of Newark. Shilton, Ox- fordf. S. of Burford. Shilton, Warwickf. near Coventry. Shilvington, Northumbcrl. SW. of Morpeth. Shimpling, Norfolk, near DIfs. Shimpling^ Suffolk, by La- venham. Shin, Loch, a lake in the SW. part of Sutherlandfhire, ix miles long, and one and a half wide. From it there ifTues a rapid ftream, which flows into the Frith of Domock. Shinfield, BerkHiire, near Swallowfield. Shingey-Hall, Camhridg. near Sawbridge- worth. Shingham, Noriolk, between Swaff- ham and Downham. Shingle Hall, EfTex, near Epping. Shinqles, file of Wight, rocks in the fea, off the W. corner. Shingley, Kent, in the parifli of Goudhtrft. Shinkley, near Durham, on the Wear. Shinrone, in K ing's County, Leinfter. Skinton, Shropf near Stottefdon. Ship- born, Kent, near Fair-Lawn. Shipdam, Norfolk, NE. of Walton. Shiphnm, Sd- nierf. N. of Axbridge. Skiplake, Oxfordl'. by the Thames, two miles S. of Henley. Shipley, Derbyf. near the Erwafti, S. of Cotinor Caftle. Shipley, Northumberl. N. of Alnwick. Shipley, Shrop(hire, NE.of Bridgenorth. Shipky,S\i^iX,'W . of Grin- ftead-Park. Shipley, Yorkf. near the fea, N. of Hornfey. Shipley, Yorkftiire, N. of Bradford. Shipley, Yorkfhire, S. of Al- mondbury. *Shipton, or Shipston, a town in Worcefterfliire, infidated in War'vick(hire, It is featcd on the river Stour, 1 1 miles J SSW, S H O SSW. of Sfratfoid-upon-Aron, and ?3 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Shipton, Berks, near Abingdon. Ship, ton, Biickingh. near Qu^ainton. Shipton, Doifetr. 2 miles NE. of Burton. Shtpton, H^nts, S of Tidworth. Shipton, Shropf. NE. of Purdow. Shipton, Shropf. NW. of Prior's Ditton. Shipton, Yorkf. NW. of Market- Wighton, Shipton, near York. Shipton, NW. of York. Shipton, Moigne, Gloucef. 3 miles S. of Tetbury. Ship. ton-Montacute, Ssmerf. near Wincaunton. Shipton, Ola've and Solace, Gloucef. E. of Doddefwell. Shipton-under-Whicb. ns, on Wednclday and Saturday; and Thnrfday for Welch cottons, friezes, and flannels. Fairs, on Saturday after March i5ih; Wednefday after Eafter week ; Wednefday before Holy Thurfday ; July 3d i Augult izthj October 2d J and Deefciuhk-r iith. Shrewsbury, a large and populous town ot New Jcrfey, one of the oldelt in iheftate; alfo a river of New Jerfey ; and K to'vn ot Pcnnfylvania. Skri^lcigh, Chefliire, in Macclesfield Foieft. Sbripney, SulTex, W.*of Yapton. Shri'veiikam, Berks, near Highworth, in Wilts. Skropknm,'iio\'ib\k, nearThetford. SHinaller diftriils. Siberia is the place to which criminals, as well as perfons un- der the dil'plcafure of the court, arc com- monly banidied from Rulfia. Sibfon, HutKi'. between Chefterton anJ Stamford. Sibj}ofi, Leiccf. SW. of Bof- worth. Sihion, Suffolk, SW. of Yoxford, SU'ikorp, Huntingdouf, SE, of Spaldwick. R r Sibtkorp, » S I D ^ihthorp, Nottiii'rhainflrue, between Sliel- ford ai\il Norniiinton. Si/'ton, SbealeSf NorliumberlanH, SVV. ot Ilcxliain. SiCHEM, or RlCHEM, a town of Bra- bant, 14. inilts NE. of I.»uv3in. Sicily, an iflamJ of tlic Mediterranean ScM, ahnoll in the form of a triangle, ttr- iiiiiuring in three points or capes j that ^vhich is ncareft Italy, is called Capo del Faro; that which regards the Morca, Ca- po PiilTaro ; and the third, which points to Africa, Capo-di-Boco. Sicily is fepa- rited fiom the kingdom of Naples by a nirrow itraic, called the Faro, 7 miles aci 'Is ; and as Melfina is feated on it, it is called the Firo-di-MefTina. The two kingdoms of Naples and Sicily have near- ly the fame climate, and the produflions are niucli tlie fame ; but Sicily abound* much more in corn, particularly in the valleys of Noto and Mazara. The valley of Demona has more forefts and fruit-trees than the two others. Sicily is divided into the valleys juft mentioned, called Val- di-Demona, Val-di-Noto, and Val-di- Mazara. It is about 156 miles in length, and 85 in it's mean breadth. It's pro- duce not already mentiomd, is wine, oil, filk, and excellent. fruits, Sicily was ori- ginally planted by different colonies from Greece, but the Romans became it's con- querors, and held it- in fubjeflion till the year 440, when the Vandals invaded this ifland. Thele were driven away by Beli- i'arius, and it became a part of the eaflern empire till the year %zi. It was then conquered by tlie Saracens, who, in their turn, were driven out by Roger, the fon of Tancred, a Norman prince, who took, the title of Count of Sicily, in to8o. His fon Roger united Sicily with Naples, and was crowned king of both Sicilies, in 1 1 30. Charles, brother of St. Louis, conquered it from the Nofman princes j but Peter, king of An ajjon, claiming the kingdom, was received by the Sicilians with open arms, was crowned at Palermo, and tranfmitted Sicily to his defcendants. Ferdinand V. united it with Naples. It is governed by a viceroy, who refides at Palermo. Sickling- Hall, Yorkfliire, W, of We- therby. Sicklitigtoft, Upper, Yorklhire, in Thornhili parifh. SiCLOS, a town of Hungary. SiSury, Devonf. N. of Sidmouth. SiJ- iury, Shropf. near N. Clebury. Sidcot, Somerfetf. t6 miles from Briftol, on the road to Exeter. SiMngton, Cheftwre, SW. of Macclesfield. SiJJington, Glouc. a mile from Cirtneelfer. SidMeham, Suflcx, N. oi SclTcy. Side, Gl«ucef, ad. S I E joining Brimptfield SiJunhale, V/ar\*. near Coventry. Sidenhnm, K nr, in Lew- ifliam pal ifh. Sidenknm, Oxfnuif, S. of Tame. Sid(nham, North, Divonf. SE. of Lifton. Sidenham, South, Devonfhire, NW. of Tavilbck. Sjderocansa, a town of Macedoniat 31 miles ESE. ot Salonichi. Sideavood End, Surry, near Bifley. Sid- inglon Mnry an I Peter, Gloucclteifhire, by Cir».ncc(tcr. Sidlam, Surry, near Rye- gate. Sidlcy, SuiTex, near Bexill. Sid- manton, Beikfliire, near Nevbury. Sid- manton, Hampfliire, near Kingfclcre. * Sidmouth, a fea-port of Devoufhire, with a finall market, 12 miles SE. of Exeter, and 15S W. by S. of London. It is a fmall fifhing town, but was pretty confiderable before it's harbour was chok- ed up. Sidney, Surry, near Awfold. Sidney, Suflex, near Cuckfield. Sidney Cove. See Jackson, Port. SiDON, Sayd, or StiDA, a fea-port in Paleftine. It was anciently a place of great note, had an extenfive trade, and is faid to be the place where glafs was in- vented. It is now, hov.ever, like all the Turkifh towns, ill-built, and full of ruins. It is, however, a place of confiderable trade, and the emporium of D3m:\fcus and all the interior country. The French are the only Europeans here. The exports are fdks, and raw and fpun cotton>. The inhabitants are about 5000. It is the re*- fidence of a Turkifli balhaw, and is 55 miles W. of Damafcus. SiDRA, an irtand of the Archipelago, lying between the Gulf of Napoli and ti.at of Engia. SiDRA, a fmall ifland, and a fpacious gulf on the coalt of Tripoly, anciently called Syrtis. SiEGEBURGH, a town of Berg, Weft- phalia. SiECEN.a townof NalTau Siegen, Weft- phalia, feated on a river of the fame name. Sienna, a celebrated city of Italy, in Tufcany, capital of the Slennefe, with a famous uiiiverfity. It Is upwards of 4. miles in circumference, and furroundetl by an old wall. The Gothic cathedral is coated'with black and white marble, with- in and without, and the pavement is of Mofaic work. The inhabitants are about 17,000; the houfes are of brick, and the ftreets are paved with the lame. It is adorned with a great number of palaces, fountains, and fuperb churches, and with. a magnificent hofpital. The great area is round, and the houfes about it are of the fame height, fupportcd by piazzas, 3 under- S I E tinder which the people m?iy walk in all weather. In the miiidle is a bufin, which they can fill with water at any time, and reprelent a fea fight with (mall velTels. The Italian lanpuage is taugiit here with fuch purity, that a great many foreigners frequent it on that account. Sienna was fornnerly a free republic, till conquered by the emperor, Chailts V. in 15 54-, whofe fon, Philip II. king of Spain, ceded all parts, except the Stato-de gli-Prxfidii, to Cofmo I. duke of Florence. It is I'eated on three eminences, In a fertile ibii, 36 miles S. of Florence, and 105 N. by W. of Rome. Lat. 43. 10. N. Ion. 11. 1 1. E. SlENNESE, a duchy in Italy, on the Tufcan S^a, about 55 miles in lengili, and as much in breadth. The toil is pretty fertile, efpecially in mulheiry trees, and there are feverai mineral iprings. Sienna is the capital. Sierra Leone, a large and fruitful country on the W. coa(t of Africa, i'o namei, according to fome authors, by the Portuguele, on account of the mountains oil this coaft abounding with a great num- ber of lions. Some extend it's limits from the Grain Coaft on the SE. to Cape Verga or Vega on the NVV. that is, be- tween 7 and 10 deg. N. lat. Others, ■ however, confine the country between Cape Verga and Cape Tagrin. Sierra Leone, called alfo Ritomsa and Tagrin, a great river of Africa, in the country of Guipea. It*s fource is un- certain ; but It's mouth, In lat. 8. 15. N. Ion. 12. 30. W. is 8 miles wide. In the open and plain country, on tlie banks of this river, the heat of the I'un, before any breeze arifes. Is almoft intolerable; but as a refre/hing gale conftantly fprings up about noon, it renders tiie country very fupportable. In 1791, an a6t of parlia- ment was obtained, incorporating a com- pany, called the Sierra Lcohe Company, for the cxprefs purpofe of cultivating W. India and othei' tropical produfllons on the banks of this river, on land purchaled of the prince of the country. The firft fettlers amounted to about 200 white per- fons, beiide a number of free blacks from Nova Scotia. The natives appeared to be extremely fiiendly, and a few natives, in 1792, had come to work for the colony. On the fetting In of the rains, about the latter end of May, the fame year, a confi- derable degree of fickncfs and mortality prevailed, occafioncd chiefly by the infiU- flciency of the temporary habitations, which could not be completed before the rains fet in. Thirty-five white perfons (of whom 14 were foldieis) and many oi S I G the blacks, died of this figknefs, Tht next year, the fetting in of the rains was not produ6Iive of the lame fatal effefts. The coionifts were in good health, were all put into pofltlTion of fmall lots of land, and a new town, on a regular and extend- ed fcale, was begun to be built. Bellde the Nova Scotia blacks, a larf^e party of the natives were at work for the company, and the experiments in (ugar, cotton. Sec, appeared to be promiflng. The native chiefs and people continue to be extremely iriendly^; and the company's fchools were regularly attended by upwards of 500 children, who appear to have made full as much improveinenc as is common in Eu- ropean fchools under fimilarclrcumftanccs. The rice, cotton, and other articles in the company's plantations thrive exceedingly. The colony appears to be gradually im- proving and advancing in every refpeft. The river abounds in fifh, but is much in- fefted with alligators. The adjacent coun- try produces abundance of mllkt and rice ; and the woods aie filled with parrots of various kinds, and other beautiful birds j fei pents are found, feme of very large fize j and numerous wild bealls, fuch as lions, tigers, elephants, wild boars, and monkeys. Sierra Leone, or Mountains of THE Lions, mountains of Africa, which divide Nigritia from Guinea, and are fald to extend as far as AbylTmia. Sierra Morena, mountains of Spain, which divide AndaUifia from New Caftlle, and a fmall part of Eftramadura. Sifanto, anciently Sii^hnos, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the \V. of Pares. The air is Co good here, that many of the inhabitants live to the age of 120, and their water, fruits, wild fowl, and poul- try, are excellent, but more el'pccially the grapes. It is covered over with marble and granite, and they have lead mines, and yet it is one of the moft fertile, and heft cultivated of thefe illands. The inhabit- ants employ themlclves in cultivating olive-trees and capers, and they have very good filk. They trade In figs, onions, wax, honey, ftraw hats, fefamum, and ca- licoes. Here are 5 villages, and about 5000 inhabitants. Lat. 36. 37. N. Ion. as. 15. E. Siffivavirfs, Herts, in Caldlcote parlrti. SiGETH, a town of Hungary. Sigeljlhorp, Vorkfhire, by Hornfcy- \ferc. SighJl, Northumberland, SW. of Seaton-Deiaval. Sigjlon, YorkOiirt, 2. miles from Northallerton. SiG TUNA and SiGTUND, townsof Swe- den, in Upland. SiGUENZA, a town in Old C^lle, with R r a ao S I L Jin iiniverfity, confirting of feveral colleges, foiimleel in 14+1 ; Inn the molt conruler- al)lc lhi>6U)ic 13 the catlialr-.i!. Ii is Itat- cJ near ihc Ibiiicf ot the rivci Ik-naics, 60 niiles NE. of Much id. Silchfjier, Hams, NK. of Kingfclt-re. •^iieliy, Lk'xc. NF^. of Moontl'ora-i. iiilehy, Lincol'U. N, of Alforil. Siijburn, War- vvickfli'DV, between Waiwick and Alcclkr. Sll.ESiA, a province of Germany, with the title of a duchy. It: is bounded on the N. by the niaiquifate of Brandenburg and I'olind, on the S. by Moravia and llungaiv, on the E. by iPoland, and on ilie W. by Lower Lufatia and Bohemia. It is about 374 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, 'i'lie principal rivers are, tlie Oder, Vilhila, Neilfe, Bober, (:>i^eis Op- pa, Dnd Ell'e. A long chain ot mountains leparates Sikfia from Bohemia. There are mines of gold and fdver ; but they have not been worked for many years. There are alfo fome precious Hones, but too. muclr lime is required to obtain them. Tiie highcft mountain of Silefia is called Zoteni)erg, fituated in the principality ot f5clnveidnitz,-and is 10+ miles in circum- ference. The moft confiderable filver mines at prefent are at ReitUein, in the principality of Bneg. There are alfo mines of lead, copper, and iron, and quar- ries of various Hones, bcfrdes antimony, laltpetre, fulphur, alum, vitriol, (juickdl- ver, &c. The principal manutafture is linen cloth ; and they have alfo fome v'oollen manufaftories, and glafshoufes. They feed a great number of cattle, have large (tuds of horfes, and plenty of the anuTials called game in the woods. They liave but few lynxes' and bears, and fewer wolves, becaule they give a ducat a head tor every one that is killed. They have a great many lakes, fol! of pikes, carps, and other good fifh ; alfo plenty of bees, vhich produce a great deal ol honey and wax. Thty have wheat, barley, oats, millet-feed, and turnips, fulFicient for the \>fe of the inhabitants; in fome places they cultivate fatYron ; and tlie culture of lilk is likely to be carried to it's utmoit extent. Their wine is very poor, and rherefore they turn it moftly into vinegar. Silelia is divided into the Upper and Lower. In the Upper, the inhabitants aie generally Romanills, Ipeaking the Po- lilh language ; and in the Lower, almoft all Protellants, and fpeak their mother toni^aie. Silefia is divided into 19 princi- palities, and 7 free ftates, without com- prehending the county of Glatz. The greater part of this country was ceded to the king of Pruflia, in 17+2, by the treaty S I M of Breflaw, the'em|)rers referving to hcr- I'tlf only the principality oi Tcfchen ; the fnrt of the ])iii)cipa!ities ol Troppau ami Jaggerndorf beyond the Oppa ; rhe part of the principality of Ncill'e bordering on Moravia; and a fmall diltricl htirdeiing on Moravia; with fome frontier towns. Bredaw is the capital of Pruflian, and Tropp.m of Bohemian Silefia. Siljorth, Yorkihire, E. of Pickeriiig- Foreit. Sii.isTRiA, or DiusTRA, a town of Bulgaria, feated near tlic Danube. Silk, Lincolnfliire, S. ol Sleaford. Sil- hefton, Yorkfliire, SW, of Barn^lley. Sil- kefivorth, Durham, SW. of Wearmouth. Silland, Dorfct/hire. SiLLAUAR, or Cem.ekar, a fea-port of Sunratra, 30 miles SSE. ot Bencoolen. SiLLt-LE GuiLLAUME, a town in the departmeiit of Sarte, 18 milts NW. ot Le Mans. Siikth, Cumb. in Abbey Holm parifli. Sih/:'!jion, Snfllx. SiljJen, Yorkfhire, near Holden Beck. Sdfey, Yorkftiire, NW. of Scarborough. * Silj'oe, or Si'vUJ/w, between BedforJ and Luton. Siltm, Dorfetftilre, near Mere, Silton, Dorfctf. 2 miles and a half from Gilling- haiji. SiUon, Yorkf, near Siglton-Caftle. Sii-z>ir»ii/ies, in Tippcrury, IVIunller, 77 miles from Dublin. Here are fome lead mines, with a mixture of filver, which, with thole at Miltown, in Kerry, near the harbour of Caftlemain, are the only ones in Ireland that are wrought to any conll- derable extent. Sil-verjide, Cumberland, neir Naworth- Caltle. Sil'verjlrcet, Htrts, NW. of Theo- balds. Sii-venon, Devondiire, near Brad- niiich. Sii-verton, Northamptonrtiire, S. of WbittlewoodForell. Slh-inglati, Shrop- Ihire, &E. of Brown- Clee- Hill. Simbirsk, one of the +z governments of KuliJa, foi'merly a province of the king- dom of Cafan. The capital of the fame name, is feated on the river Volga, 380 miles ESE. of Mofcow. Si. \j ME REN, a town and duchy in the palatinate of the Rhine. Stmrningtmi, Wilts, a mile SE. of Melk- fliam. SimonJley, Derby f. in the Higli Peak. Shnondjborcugb, Dorfeifliire, near Bridport. Simondjlurn-Caftle, Northumb. SW. of Swinburn-Caltle. Smondfiallt Gloucefterfhire, in the parifh of Wotton- under-Edge. Simoiidfide, Herts, by Hat- field. Simondfide-Htll, Northumbuland, NW. of Morpeth. Simon-Seat, York- fliire, N. of Barden -Tower Slmon's, St. See Frederica. Simon TO R.N y.^j SIN SiMONTORN'YA, a town of Tolna, Hungary, ja milts SSW. oi Bucla. Simoiijlon, Lancafliiie, near Hapton- Towei- and Penclle-Hill. SimoiicipiiJooU, Lancafliiie, a foicft SE, of Ormlkiik. t Simpfoiiy Bucks, near Fenny- StraLfon!. ■^ Sinai, a mountain in Arabia PcUita, in a pcniniula f'oinied by the two arms ot the Red Sea. The Maliofnetans have it in great veneration ; and here tlie Chrilt- ians have a moualfery, which formerly contained a great number of monks, and there were a great number of little chapels and cells for hermits. The monaftery is I'urroimded by a hig!i wall, and thole ihiit go in and out, are let down or drawn up in bafkcts. It is 144. miles ESE. of Suez. SiN'CAPORA, a promontory at the S. extremity of the peninfula of Mdacca, which, with the Malacca coaft, form the Strait ot Sincapore. Lat. i. 10. N. Ion. 105. 30. E. SiNDE. See Indus and Tatta. , Sinderby, Yorklhire, W. of Thirlk. Sindrop, Northumb. SW. of Hexham. Si NDV, a province ot Hindovjftan, bound- ed on the W. by Makian, a province of Perfiu ; on the N. by the territories of the king of Candahar; on the NE. by thofe of the Seiks ; on the E. by a landy delert j and on the SE. by Cutch. It extends along the courfe of the river Sinde, or Indus, from it's mouth to the frontiers of of Moultan. Reckoned that way, it is 300 miles long} ami it's breadth, in it's wideft part, is about 160. In many par- ticulars of foil and climate, and in tlie ge- neral appt-arance ot the furtace, Sindy reieml)les £gypt ; the lower part of it be- ing compolt;<.l of vicii vegetable mould, and extended into a wide delta ; while the upper part ot it is a narrow flip ot coun- try, confined on the Perlian fide by a ridge of mountains, and on the other by a Tandy defert, the river Indus, equal at leaft to the Nile, winding through the inidit of this level valley, and annually ovei flowing it. During great part of the SW. mon- I'oon, or our lummtr quartet, which is the rainy lealon in molt other parts of India, the atmofpheie is hcie generally clouded ; but no ram falls, except very near the tea. Indeed, very tew fliowers t.ill iluiing the whole year; and, at the time when Cap- tain Hamilton viiitcd Tatta, no rain had fallen for 3 years before. Owing to this, and the neighbourhood of the I'anJy de- ferts, which bound it on the E. and on the NW. the heats are fo violent, and tik: winds from thole quaiters fo pernicious, f.'iat the houfes are connived to us to h& S I N occafionally venfilated by means of aper- tures on the tops of them, rcfenibling the funnels of imall chimneys. When the hot wimls prevail, the windows are clofely fliut, by which the hotttft part of the cur- rent of that air (that neaielf tiie fuiface) is excluded ; and a cooler part^ becaufe more elevated, defcends into the hcufe through the funnels. By this, alio, vaft clouds of duft are excluded ; the entr.-mce ot which v/ould alone be fufHcient to ren- der the houl'es uninhabitable. The roofs are compofed of thick layers of earth in- (lead of terraces. Few countries are more iinvvholelbme to European corilflturions, particularly the lower part of the delta. The prince is a Mahometan, tributary to the king of Candahar. He refides at lly- drabad, although Tatta is the capita). Tliis province was obtained, in 1739, ^V Nadir Shah from the (neat Mognj, and retained by Ahdailah, when he leized the other provinces which compofe the empire ot Candahar. The Hindoos, who were the original inhabitants of Sindy, and were reckoned, in Captain Hamilton's time, to outnumber the Mahometans ten to one, are treated with great rigour by their Mahometan governors, and are not permitted to ereil any pagodas, or places ot worfliip ; and this levecity drives valt numbers of them info other countries. The inland parts of Sindy produce falt- petre, fal-amoniac, borax, bezoar, lapls- Jazuli, and raw lilk. They have alfonia- iiuta6lures of cotton and filk of various kinds ; and they make fine cabinets, in- laid witli ivory, and finely lackered. They - alio export great quantities of butter, cla- lificd and wrapt up in duppas, made of the hides of cattle. The women wear hoops of ivory on both their arms and legs, and when they die, they are burnt with tliem. They have large black cat- tle, excellent mutton, and fmall, hardy horles. Their wild animals are deer, hares, antelopes, ami foxes, which they hunt with dogs, leopards,, and a fmali, fierce creature called (liiahgufli. SiNCANFOU, or SiNGAN, a city of China, of the fiilt rank, capital ot the province of C!ienli. Mext to Pekin, this is tiie largelt, and molt populous, and commercial city of China, and was tor feveral ages the feat of the Chinele empe- rors. They breed up mtdes here in great numbers, and fend them to Pckiu. Lat. 3+. 46. N. Ion- 108. 13. E. Siug'^nd, ill Limerick, Munfter. Si'jvjsfcalct Nortl.aniptonfliire, by Thor- uey Ciois and C^n Water. Singleton, SuHex, near E. and W. Dean. Singltto/i, R r 3 Cf-eal S I o Great and Li tU, Lancaftiirc, N. of Mir- ton Mtrt- and >fols. Sin GO, a town in Macedonia, on tiic Gulf of Monte Sinto; SiNGOii, a fea-pf rt of Siam, on the E. coait of Malacca. Lat. 6. 4.0. N. SiNXOAGLiA, afea-poit o( Urbino, with two iKubours, 28 miles ESE. of Urbino. Shikleborough, Bucks, in the parifli .f Great Horwood. Sinklres, Herts, near Watford. Simin^lo/i, Yuikfliire, near Kiri)y-Moorfidt. Smodun Hill, Berks, on the Tliames, rear Biiglitweil. SiNOPE, or SiNOB, a les port of Kiu- taja, in Nntolia, the birth y\:cc ot Dioge- nes, the famous cynic. The inhabitants are Turks, who will not admit any Jews, and the Greeks live in the fiiiuirhs. It is ftated on an ifihmus of a penlnfula, in the Black Sea, 480 miles E. of Conftantinople, SrsT/.HEiM, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine. SiON, or SiTTEN, a town of Swifler- land, capital of the Valiais, feated on a river of the fame namtr, which loon after falls into the Rhone. Htre are 3 epifco- pal palaces, one above another. The highcft, called TourblUon, is old, ruin- ous, and deferted. Near the fecond, de- nominated Valeria, are the remains of the old cathedral, and a few houfes belonging to the canons. D; Marjorti, the tiiirdj is the prefent epifcopal palace, an edifice of ftone, built in 1547 ; the apartments fur- nifiicd with great plainnefs and fiinplicitj'. 5>ion was formerly the capital of ti-.c Se- duni, who inhabited this country in the time of Julius Cnsfar ; and lome Roman infcripticas ftill remain to attcll it's anti- quity, it's bifliop is a prince of the em- pire. It is 50 miles E. ot Gi-neva. StQN', a famous mountain ot Judea, fi- tuated on the S. fide of Jerufalem. Sion-Houfe, Middlefcx, near t;.-.- influx of the B'Tut into the Thames, between Brentford and Illeworth. It is a noble, fquarc, ftone building, finely finiUted and furnifhed, now one of the feats of the Duke of Northumberland. SiouT, OsioT, or ScjOT, a large and p6pul :us town in Egypt, with a lake dug near it, which iVrves to water the grounds. It has feveial n.ofqucs, and is the fee of a Cop'i biihop. It's fituatiou on an artifi- cial mount, denotes it's occupying the fite ct m ancient city, tliought to be Nicopo- lis, where the wolf was accounted a facred animal. Here are, accordingly, the ruins of an ancient amphitheatre, and fume Ro- man Icpulchres. It is furrounded by pL-afant gardens, an(i fine palm-trees that btir the belt dates in Egypt. This phce S I R is the rendezvous of thoie that go in the caravan to Senn.ir, in Nubia. It is about 2 miles W. of the river Nile, and 157 S. of C tiri . SrPHANTO. Sec Sifanto. SiPHNO, a town of the iiland of Nan- fi'i, in the Archipelago. Sipleigh, Dcvonfliire, on the rivtr Dart, near Alldnu ton. uipnry, Bucks, >in the parifli of Burnham. Stpfon, Middlefex, in Harmnndfworth pari/h. SiaADiA, a iov\ji and palatinate of Great Poland, 100 miles NNW. of Cra- cow. Sir Albert^ s Bridge, in Donegal, Ulfter, 120 miles from Dul)lin. SiRHiN'D, a Very ancient city and dif- tricf of Hindooftan; in Delhi, M. Con- damine fiys, that the art of weaving filk was brought back to Conftantinople, in the i6ili century, by the monks who re- turned from Sir'nlnd (or Seiinde, accord- ing to him) : for, although the art was brought into Europe under the Reman emperors, it had again been loft during the confufions that attended the fubvcrfion of the vvertern empire. Procopius, alfo, takes notice, tiiat in the time ot Jultiniant (the 6th century) tilk wa* bioiight from Scrinda, a country in India. Sirhind is 150 miles NW. of Delhi, Lat. 29. 55. N. Ion. 75. 15. E. Sir Charles Hardy's Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, dilcovered by Capt. Carteret in 1767. It is low, covered with wood, and pleal'nnt. Lat 4.. 41. S. Ion. 153. 32. E. Sir Charles Savnpers' Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, difcovercd by Captain Wallis in 1767. It is about fix miles long from E. to W. with a moun- tain in the centre. The natives were not numerous, and appeared tq live in z wretched manner. Lat. 17. 28. S. Ion, 151. 4. '^V. SiRiAN, a fea-port of Pegu. Siri.magur, a large, rugged country of India, bounded on the N. and NE. by the Thibet Mountains; on the S. by Ddl.i and Rohilla j and on the NW by Lahore. SiRiNAGUR, the capital of a country of the fame name, in India, 200 mile* NNE. of Delhi. Lat. 30. 59. N. Ion. 78. 4S.E. SiRius Island, in the South Pacific Ocean. Lat. 10. 52. S. Ion. 162. 30. E. SiRMiCH, anciently SlRMiUM, a town and county of Sclavonia, SiRdNC, or Seronge, a large town of Hindooftan, in Malw3, 1 J2 miles NE. of Ougein. SifetgCy S K E Sifer^e, Weftmorl. S. of Kendal. Sife' nveily Suffolk, S. c. Dunwich. Hijin^berJ}, Kent, near Cranbiook, was anciently written SaxenhurJ} Sjjland, Norfolk, near Lodden. Sifon Park, Rutlandl. n;ar Grantham. SissAC, a townofBafil, inSwifferland, capital of the imall territory of Si.gow, 15 miles SE. of Bafil. SissopoLi, 1 town of Romania, on the Black Sea, 75 miles NE. of Adrianople. S1STHR.0N, a town in the dept. of the Lower Alps, ft-ated on the Durance, 30 miles NE. of Apt. Sijlon, a vihage in Gloucefterfliire, 7 iniles from Briltol, fituated in a pleafant vale, on a rivulet which runs into the Avon. Tin ore has been found litre; and here is a manufaftory of brafs, and another of falt-petre. Sijion, Gioucefterf, in Kingfwood-Foreft. SiszEK, a town of Croatia. Sithny, Cornwall, near Helfton. SiTiA, a town on the N. coaft of Can- dla, near a bay of the fame name. SiTTART, a town of Jiilicrs. *SiTTiN'GEURN, a tuwn in Kent, 11 miles SE. of Rochefter, and 40 E. by S. of London, in the road to Canterbury. Si-vers, Mount, Yorkfhire, E. Riding, near Acomb. SivRAY, or CivROV, a town In the dept. of Vienne, 25 miles S. of Poitiers, SiWAS, a city oi Caramania. Sixill, Jlfbej :ind Grange, LLncolnf. SE. of Market-Riilui. * Six-mile Bridge, a town of Clare, in Munfter, lo; miles from Dublin. Six mile-Bridge, in Limerick, Munfter. Six ir.ile-Crofs, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Six- mile-K'atcr, in Antrim, UKter. Six- mlle-K^ater, in Cork, Munlter. SizuN, a town In the depart. of Finlf- terre, 7 miles SE. of Landerneau. Skakeltkorf, Yoi kf. near Old and New Maiton. Skale Park, Yorkfli. W. Rid- in o-, between Langlkethdalc and Nether- dale. Skalholt. See Schalholt. SkaUn^Jarn, Yorkfti. I^. Ridinfij, SW. ef liindcVwcli. Skanejhn, Yorkfh. NE, of New Maiton. SHARA. See SCARA. Skargil, Yorkf. S. of Barnard-Caftle. Sknrth] North, Lancafh. by the fca, SVV. of Dalton-Caltle. Skan-jton, Yorkf. SW- of Ilclmeney. Skebj, Yorkfhire» NE,of Jliclmiond. Skeen, a town of Chriftlania, Norway, remarkable for it's mines of iron and cop- per. It is ",3 miles SSW, of Chriftiania. ■Skeffin^tvnj Leiceitcrf. wear B.iU«iUon. S K I Sk^fling, Yorkf. In Hokiemefj, ntar Bur- ilai-Abbey. Ske^by, N'ottinghari:'. near Mansfield. Skeg y, Nottinghamf. iE. of Tiixford. Ske^nes, Lincolnfhire, NE. gf Wain fleet. Skthteiurlftky, in Cork, Mur.fter. Here is a large cavern, which, when well light- ed Up, has the appearance of a vaulted ca- thedral, Aipporttd by maffy pillars ; and the ftalaitites, fpars, or calcareous cry- ftals, form a brilliant appearance. Skelc/erfie-iv, Yorkfhire, in Cleveland. SheUick, Lincobifhire, S. of Bofton. Skelig Isands, off the coaft of Ker- ry, in Munfter. They are three in num- ber, and it is remai kable that the gannet never neftles on any place in the S. of Ire- land, hut on oncot thefe. A rock on the N. coaft of tlie kingdom has tlie fame pe- culiarity. The Great Skelig is 3 leagues fr«m the fhore, the others are but rocks of marble; 6 or 8 iniles W. of Bray-Head. Skell, a river in Yorkfliire> running into theYoure, near Rippon. Skelljletc, a ri- ver in York-fhire,runningIntotlicHumber, between Haxflete and Broir.flete. Skel- lingthorp, a miles W. of Lincoln. Skel- mercb, Wertmorl. N. of Kendal. Slelmerf- dale, Lancaf. SE. of Ormfkirk. Skelton, Cumberl. NW. of Penrith, Ske\t9n, York- shire, on the Humber, SE. of Howden. Skelton, Yorki. on the Ure, NW. of Bo- roughbridge. Skelton, Yorki". on the ri- ver Marfli, W. of Richmond. Skelton, Yorkfliire, N. Riding, S. of the Foreft of Galtres. Skelton, NW. of York. SKEL*roN Castle, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkdiire, between Kirkleatham and the Tea. Market on Saturday. Skcmmiiigrane, Yorkf. NE. of GUbo- rough. Skendlehy, Lincolnlhire, NE. of SpIKby. SkenECTADY, a town in the ftate of New York, feated on the Mohawks' Ri- ver, \% miles NW. of Albany. Skenfrith Ciijlle, Monmouthf. on the Mynwy. Skern, a river in Durham, running into the Tees, at Croftb' idge. SkervwooJf Northumberland, S. of Alnham. SkENING. See StHENING. Skerries, a fmall fiftiir.g-town, on the coaft of Dublin, in Leinfter, 17 miles from the r^ietrofioHs. The Skerries-Ift:'iids, or rocks, are three in number, atid remark- able for producing great cjuarvtities ot tlie fea-wted from which kelp is made. Sketly, a river in MerloiittiM", Skeitt' en, Hants, near R.ifing. Skeivei anj Skibcrio, Cornwall, S. of Helfton. * Sk;b,!?ereen, a town ot Cork, in Munfter, where the clothing tr;ule, snd fonif of the \\vxn manutaclu;es, are carried R r i 0%, SKY CD. It Isfeated on the river Hen, lo miles SE. f Baiiiiy, and i6i from Dublin. Skihorrn, Sliropf, on the rivur Tenulc, S. ot Clun Caltli-. Sljid!>rook, Lincoln!,'. S. of S .Itfl.et. ShiJhy, Yoikf. near H'lll. Skiodaw, a nioun;ain ot CiimbcrlanJ, one ol the molt remarkable in the king- dom, Icing above a thoiirand yards per- pcn^iiculir ln-ight from the luifac; oi the J-ake c)t D^rwentwaier. It is not diffi- cult of accefs m foine parts, and is cover- ed with gra|s, which gradually grows co:irrer in the afcent. At the top, the at- nioiphere is fo rarified as lo prevent vegc- taiion. The wdiole top is covered witli a Joofe, biown, llaty ftone. It is fix miles from Cickermouth, and Kelwick itands near the foot of it. Skilgi'te, Sjmerfetf. E. of Dulverton. Skiltes, Warwickf. NW. of Henley In Ar- den. Skinburncfs, Cumberl. in Boulneis pariOi, near the fea. Skiniir.'nd, Lihcolnf, jiear Bjothby. Slinninggmz-e, Yorkfliirc, rear Whitby. Skiplam, Yurkfhire, near Kirby-Mooifide. SLippon, a river in Lan- caf. running into the Wire, near Thorn- ton. Skipfey, Yorkf. by the fea, N. of Hornfcy, Skiptoji, Yorkf. ncarThiilk. Skipton, a town in the W. Riding of Yoikfhire, leated on the river Aire, near a navigable canal, in that rough, rocky country, called Craven, 4.4. miles W. of Yoik, and 231 N. by W. of London. M.nkct on S.uurday. Skipimtb, SE. of York. Shirbeck, Lincoln!", near Bolton. Skircoles, Yorkf. near Hilifax. Skirld Fa-Mr, Monmouth!', a rocky mountain near Abergavenny. Shirk, in Qneen'o County, Leinfter, Skirloiv, N. and S. Yorkrtiire in Hol- dernels. Skirmi/igham, Durharii, N. of Darlington. Skirpenbech, Yorkfliire, near 'Wilton. Skirriiigham, Yorkfliire, on the Derwent, S.. of New Maitoii. Skirton, rear Lancafter. SUr-jvith, Cumberl. near Kuk Oi'.vaia. Skcrborough, Yorkf. NW. of Beverley. Shorten, Yoikl". 4. miles E. of Richmond. Skoulton, Norfolk, E. of W.itton. ' Shrcki/igton, Lincolnf. N. of Ft'kin:^hsm. Shretejhy, Lincolnfhire, near Horncaflle. Skrenihy, Lincolnf. NE. of Spillby. Skrencs, Elfex, near Chelmsford. Skrimmerjion, Norihumberl. 1 miles S. of Berwick. Skull, in Cork, Munfter, near Skibbe- ncn. Skull Harbour, in Cork, Munfter, .S'XK///'5r/', Norfolk, NW. of Fakenham. Simur'y: Ckinmerl, near Salway-Mofs. Si^YL, an ifland of Scotland, one of the lars:^^ f- thcWellern Klands, or He: h ides. It is near 50 miles in length, and, in lome places, above 20 broad. The SE, S L E end of this ifland is feparated from Invcr- nefsfliire (to which it belongs) by a nar- row channel, the narroweft part of which* cattle are made to fwim acrofs. Here is* notwithlhinding fonie mountainous trafts, a great proportion of level ground, with excellent palturage. There are numbers of deer, and dilfercnt kinds of game, in this ifland, which abounds with limeftone, marble. Sec. The bafaltic columns, re- fcnibling the Ciiant's Csufeway in Ireland, are it's jreateft curiofity. A cave, at the E. end of the idand, atforded.an afylum, in 1746, t« the difappointed Pretender, and his faithful guide, for two nights. Many thouCands of black cattle arc annu- ally exported hence. Some fmall horfes are bred, and a great quantity of kelp manufacSlured here. Portree is the prin- cipil place in this ifland. Skyers, Yorkf. near Halifax. Skyth, Suffolk, N. of Mendlefliam. Slad, Glou- cef. in Painfwick pari/li. Slad, or Slade^ Gloucef. a hamlet to Miferden. Sladborn, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Bowland-Foreft. S/ade, Devonf. NE. of Plymptofl. Slade Bay, in Watcrford Harbour, Munlter. Slagthivait, or Slaxvorlh, Yorkf. near Hutiiersfield. Slaitburn, or Slandburn, Yorkf. near Barnefley. SlanJhury, De- vonshire, near Barnftaple. Slane, in Meaih, Leinlter. Slanfcrd, Nottingham!', near Edwalton, Slape, Dorfetf. near Nctherby. Slapton^ Bucks, NE. of Aylcfbury. Slaplon, Dc- vonfhire, SW. of Dartmouth. Slate, a peninlula of Skye, on the SE. fide of the idand, terminating in a rugged promontory, called the Point of Slate. Slaty Port, a little port of Carrickfer- gus-Bay, in Down, Ullter, fo called from a (late-quarry which joins it. Slave-Coast, a trail in Guinea, on the Atlantic, fituated between the Gold Coaft and Benin, and comprehending the dillriff s of Ardra,Koto,Popo,and Whidah, Slaugbam, Suflex, SE. of Horfliani. Slaughden Fale, Suffolk, near Alborough, Slaughterford, Wiltfliiie, S. of Callle- corr.b. Slaughterford, Upper and Ne- ther, Glouceiterflure, ntar Stow-in-the- Woidd. ShiuJion,Leicel'. S. of Hallaton. St.A\VKA\V,k)rSCHLAiCEN\VALD,atOwn of Eln'oogcn, Bohemia. SleaFORD, New, lb called to diftin- guifli Vt from Old Sleaford, in the neigh- bourhcod, a thriving town in Lincoinfliire, leated on a Jinall, rapid llream, which drives feveral corn and fulling mills, &c. near the town. It is 18 miles S. of Lin- coln, and 115 N. of London. Market on Monday. S L I Monday. It's markets on Monday after Epiphany, Eafter, and Wliiifuntide, are equal to feme great fairs. Fairs on Plow- ^ionday, Whit- Monday, Auguft 12th, and October loth. Slealy, Northumberland, S. ofDilfton. Sieape, Shropfhire, S. of Wem. SleJdale, lo>!g, Weltmorl. N\V. of Kaidal. Skd- dale, M^ej}, Weftinoil. a niilii and a half from Shap. Slednierl, YorkI". E. Ridinaf, W. of KjJham. Skelmere, VVeftmorl. N. of Kendal. Sleep, Dorletl'. near Corte- Caltle, 4. miles; E. of Wareliam. Slegil, Wcftmorl. SV^. of Appleby. Slt-khorns, Northumb. n^arBedlington. Slemngford, Yorlcf. SE. of Mi/ham. Slepe, Shropf. on the river Xerne, near High Ercol. Si-ES\VICK, a town of Denmark, capi- tal of a duchy of the fame name, contain- ing about 5630 inhabitants. It is an ir- regular town of great length. The houles are of brick, and, like all the other towns in this country, refemble, in neatnefs and manner of building, thofe ot Holland. The inhabitants drefs alfo like the Dutcii ; and many of tbeni fpeak their tongue, though the ufual languages are the Ger- man and Danifli. It is fituated on the Sley, which is now choked up with land, 60 miles N. of Hamburg. Lat. 54.. 39. N. !dn. 9. 3S. E. Sleswick, or South Jutland, a duchy of Denmark, N. of Holllein, from whicli it is moftly feparated by the river Eyiiler. It contains feveral towns, and 1 500 /villages, and has from time immemorial been united to Denmark, but has Ibmetimes been given to the brother of the reigning I king as a fief. In the lad century, how- j ever, the duke in pofTefTion attempted to become an independent prince, but in 1720 it was recovered to the crown. The go- vernor and counfcllors refide at Gottorp. This duciiy is about 72 miles in length, and from jo to 56 in breadth ; and is a level, fertile, populous, and well-cultivat- ed country. Slefwick is the capital. Steven, Cornyvall, between Mounts- Bay and Laiid's-Knd. Sle-ue/holm- P riorj , Norfolk, in Mcthwold parilh. SlUery-Ford, a little river in Down, Uhfer, running into the inner bay of Dun- drum. Slieve-Bingan, Croo'j, Donard, Na Boil-Trogh, Na Grldeal, Neir, and Sephin, or Snavan, mountains in Down, Uuter. Slie've-Blcom, a range of moun- tains, between the King's an» Queen's Counti;;s. Sl'wje Carmtu, a name given to the mountains of Wicklow. Slie-ve- Mifs, a general name giveji to the moun- tains between the bays of Tralee and Qii- tlcmain, in Kerry, Muulter, S L U S'.ljicld, Surry, near Epfom. Sligo, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Connaught, 33 miles in length, and 29 in it's grcatelt breadth ; bounded on the W. by Mayo; on the N. and NW. by the Atlantic; on the E. by Leitrim ; and on the SE. S. and SVV. by liolcom- mon and Mayo, It contains 39 pariflies, 11,500 houles, and 60,000 inhabitants. Sligo is the only town of conl'equcnce. There are, however, fome conrKle?abk- vil- lages, in which the linen manufacture flau- ri/hes. The foil is in fome parts gd, in others coarie, and towards the coaft, boggy. *Sr,iGO, the capital of the county of the fame name, feated on a river that runs into a bay of the fame name, navigable for vcflcls of 200 tons, up to the quays. The trade ol the town is conllderahlc; the number of houfes In 17S8 was giC, and the number of inhabitants S900. It is 26 miles NNE. of Killala, and 9+ NWV. of Dublin. SUguff, in Carlow, Leinfter. Slimbridge, a village of Gloucefterlhire, The parilh is 20 miles in circumference, and in it are about 1000 acres of land gained from the Severn. Stindon, S'affordf. on the river Sow, near tiie Offleys- Slin- don, Suflex, near Yapton.' 6'/znf , Lancaf. between Lancafter and Ken Sands. SUn^ ford, Suffex, near Horfliam. Slin<[l^t NW. of Durham. Slingjhy, Yorkf. N W. of New Makon. Slipin, Durham, 5 miles from Darlington. .S'///'/o«, Northamptonil near Boughton and Drayton. Sf-ON'iM, a town of Novogrodeck, Li- thuania. Slooten, the capital of Wertergoe, W. Frielland, near a large lake called Slooter-mer, 3 miles from the Zuyder- Zee, and 18 NW. of Stenwick. Slough, Bucks, 2 miles from Windfor. SloiJU-Hoiife, SulTex, near Cuckfield . Sloiv- ley, Norfolk, S. of Wurfted. Sloxvley- Hill, Warwick!", near Arley and Aitley. Sluck, a town and duchy of Novogro- deck, Litiuiania, feated on the river Sluck, 67 miles ESE. of Novogrodeck. Sluce, Sulfcx, near Pevenfey Haven. Sluttelburg, a town of Ruflla, in the government of Pcterlbingh, feaied on the S. lide of the Lake Ladoga. Slutter, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Sluvs, or EcLU.sE, a town ol J)utch Flanders, oppolite the Ifle of Cadfant, with a harbour, formerly capable of receiving 500 vefllls, but has been daily growing worfe, lo as to be capable ot leceiving fmall veflels only. It is 10 miles N. of Bruges, S.M.M.AND, S M O Sm ALAND. Sec SmOLAND- S>r.al!'»rn, Noriluiinl). W. of Ellcfdeii. Small orouf^h, Norfolk, SE. of Wuiltcd. SmalbriJge, Suffolk, ncir Neyland. Smal- jield, Siiiiy, VV. of Lingfiel'J. Smalkald, a town of Henncnbmpr, Fraiiconia, noted for t]i€ league of Pi otclt- ant princes, in 1531, when Dr. Lutiur J, a town in Kent, by the Mcdway, 10 miles SE. nf M:i»dllone, and 46 SE. of London. Market on Friday. Smart's Green, Gloucclterl". in Nibley puri(h. Sma'vis,Yo\k\'. near Tadcaftei . Smedmore, Dorfctf. In Purbeck Hie, near tile Channel. Smeetb, Kent, in Aldington pnrifb. Smceton, Leicef. near Kibworth. S?ncrcote, Warwickf. in Bcdworth parifh. Smer-zinc/i yUlage and Harbour, in Kerry, M under. Smerlagh-Rfver, in Kerry, IVIunrter. Si7iejic.ll, a river in StafFordfhire. Sme- ienham, Chefliirc, NVV. of Congleton. Snictkcot, Shropf. near Polverbach. Smc- ,tkeh, Lancaf. N. of Bolton. Smethick, Derbyf.N.of Afhhy-de-la-Z.nicb. Smeth- ivick, Chefhire, near Sandbach. Smeth- ivick, St afford Hi ire, N\V. of Birmingham. Smetait, Great and Little, YorkAiire, on the VVifk, N. of Northallerton. Smeton- Kirh, Yorklhire, SE. of Pontefraft. Smi- thafn, Surry, S. ot Croydon. SmithfioroiK^h, in Monaghan, Ulfter. S?n'ithjhy, Derby Ihire, near Afliby-de-Ia- Zouch. Smilh's-Hal'i, EHex, near Ston- don-Mafley. Smittys-Hall, Kent, in W. Farley. Smith's Islano, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovcred by Lieutenant Ball, in J790. Lat. 9, 44.. S. Ion. 161. 54.. E. Smoi.and, or Smaland, a province of Sweden, in wbicli are 1.1 lakes, immenfe forells ot pine and fir, anti Tome iron-mines. The approach to the village is announced by grovts of oak, beech, and birch, and rumcrous plots, or parterres, of arable 12nd among partwres and rocks. An acre S M Y of land has been frequently obfcrvtd to be laid out v-ith alternate flips of rye, barJey, flax, and hemp ; the intervals betwetn, and aiound, fov<(n with grafs. In many j)nrts, the trees are cut down, and burnt in order to mnnure the foil. This province is 1 00 miles long, and 60 broad, arvd was formerly governed by kings of it's own. Jt was formerly included in E. Gothland. Smolensko, a city of RufTia, capital of the government of the fame name. It is fituated on the Dnieper, and extends over two mountains and the valley Ixtwecn them. It is lurrounded by walls 30 feet lifgh and 15 thick: the lower part of them is built of Itone, the upper at brick, and their circumference is four miles and three quarters. They are furmounted by towers thiee ftories high, placed at the angles, be- twaen which are oi.iers of a fmaller fixe j and in the \>lnin, tlK walls are lunouiidtd by a deep ditch and covered way. The houfes, are moftly of wood, and only one ftory. The city is divided througlj it's whole ler.gth by one Itraight, paved ilreet, the others are circular, and floored wltk planks. The alternate riling and fmJcing of the walls, from the inequality of tlic ground, thcii Gothic aicliite6fure, and grotelquc towers, the lletplcs riling above the trees, which conceal the houlcs from the fight, the gardens, nneadows, and corn fields, within the walls, all together form a fingular, pifturefque, and varied profpect. Notwithftanding it's extent, it contains only about 4.000 inhabitants, and liHS no manufactures, but carries on, with Dantiic, Riga, and the Ukraine, a pretty confiderablc traffic in linen, hemp, honey, wax, leather, furs, timber, hitles, hog's briftlcs, &c. It is 197 miles NE. of No- vogrodeck, and 2 jo NNE, of Kiow. Lat. j+. 50. N. Ion. 31. 12. E. S.viOLENi'KO, a government of Ruflia, on the frontiers of Lithuania. It contains, White Rulfia, propeily ib called. S.MOW, a noted cavern on the N. coajt of Sutherlandfliire, between Cape Wrath anvl Loch Eribol. It runs fo far under groimd, that it's extremity, it is faitj, could never be explored. Smyrna, or Ismir, a city and fi;a- port of Natolia, fituated on a fi)acious bay of the Mediterranean. The commodiouf- nels of the harbour has caufed it to be re- built leveral times, after having been de- Itroyed \rj earthquakes. It is the com- mon reniLzvous of metchaiits trom all parts of t.'ic world, efpecially of Englil^, and the llaple of their merchandife. The whole town is a continual baza>', or fair, where nothing is waotcd for cJotbingj fi>f- ts.'jance^ S N E fefiance, or pleafure, as all the bed ccm- nioilitics of Europe ami Afia are !)rouylir hither, and Told at clunp rates. The Turks ]}:.\ve 19 molqiics, the Greeks form 1 churclies, the Jtws 8 fynagogues, the Armenians i church, and the Litins have 3 convents. There are 3 bifhops, one Greek, another Lacia, and the third Ar- menian. T'iie ftreets areincreopenj better paved, imkI the lioul'es better builr, than in other towns of this part of the continent. The llieet of the Franks is the fjnc;t in Smyrna, llretching along the hirbour, and tlie Eiiopcan conluls live in great ftate and magnificence. It is eight days jour- ney from Conrtantinople by land, 25 days from Aleppo by the caravans, and 6 from Satalia. T'^-. caravans of Perfia often bring 200 bales of filk in a year, befide flings and cloth. The otiici commodities brouglit here, are thread made of goat's hair, c<-''on, yarn, cotton in bags, various kinds of drugs, and all Ibrts of carpets. Mod of tlie trade here, as well as in all Turkey, pafi>s through the hands of the jews, the Turks never tranl'adling ariy bargain with ChrilHans. The Englifh and Dutch faiSfories have Prottrftant cha- pels i and taverns are as open here as in Europe. The territory about Smyrna is fertile, with fine olive trees and vines ; and the wine is excellent. It 176 is miles SSW.of Conrtantinople. Lat. 38. z8. N. Ion. 27. 25. E. Snacicenburg, a lar^e trading town of Lunenburg Zell, fubjeit to the cle6tor of Hanover. It is 68 miles EN E. of Zcll, S/inilvjcll, Camb. near Newmaiker. Snaith, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfliire, of good trade, from the navi- gation to it in boats. It is feated near the confluence of the rivers Don and Aire, 22 milts S. ot York, and 17+ N. by W. of London. Market on Fiid:iy. S)tape, Suffolk, S. of Saxmundhgm. Snape, YorkI'. N. of Mifliam. SnareHll- Houfe, Norfolk, E. of The; ford. Snarj'ord, Lincolnl'. between Market-Raifm ami Lin- coln. Sjiargatt', Kem, 4 mihs NW. of New Ronincy. SnarJ?o>r, Lcicef. between Swepllon and Hog's-Norton. Sna-ve, Kent, 3 miles and a half NVV. of New Konmey. Siiavexvick, Kent, near Snave. Sneaton, Yorkfhire, near Whitby. Sned, Shropfhire, NW. of Bifhops-Caftle. Snf.f.ck, a town in V/elh-rgoe, Weft Frielland, near a lake of the fame name, S miles S. of Franeker. Snecm-ljland, in Kerry, Mmiller. .S';/i?//ff;/,/, Lincolnf. S. of Maiket Raifin. Sncllejion, Cheftiire, W. of Macclcsfi.Kl. ^/if/J/iall, Bucks, aear Whuddon. S/i^^l- S N O y?o«, Derb. near Afliborn. Surljlon, Rml, S. o. Uppingham. Sncitton N )ttiiighjmf. m the pariih of S'. Mary, Nottinsiham. Snenton, Yorkf. S. of Pickering-Fcvell. Snepe, Northumb. NW. of JBillingham. Sneion-lhorp, Yorkfliire, between Ncw- biggm-Had and Robin 11 'od's-B.iy, ?N'ETSHAM, a town of Norfolk, feated on the little river Ingol, 10 miles N. by E. of Lyan Regis, and iii N. by E. of London. Marke: on Friday. Smadin, a town o; Br/.tfc, Lithuania, on the Prurh, capi;al of Poke'ia. Smhflon, Leicef. SE, of Afliby-de la- Zoucli. Snldale, Yorkf. SE. of P.,jitc- fiaft. Sniltfivnrth, Yorkf. S. of Siokef- ley. Sfiipehcufe. Northumb. S. of Aln- wick, .knitter, Northumb. a mile from Rotlibury. S/iitterly, Lint. SE. of Kir- ton, in Lindi y. SmtterfieU, Warw. N. of Stratford-i ron-Av.n. Snittet-tej:, Nor- folk, W. of Clay. Snitterton, Norfolk, between Harpham and Lcrling. S 110:^. hurl}, Kent, partly in Chatham and partly in tlie limits of Rochertcr. Snodland, Kent, by tlie Medway, 4. miles and a half NVV. of Maidkone, .S'^onr Hall, Norfolk, near the river Willey, S. of Downhani. Snore- lam, Eflex, adjoining L;ichington. Snor- ing, Magna ami Parva, Norfolk, near Walilngham. Snotterton, Durham, near Staindrop. S/w-zvdtil Hnll, Heref. near the Golden Vale j and tlie river Doier. Sno-ivden Pool, StaiFordf. W. ofPatlhall. Snowdon, a famous mountain of Car- narvon/hire, in N. Wales. It's name fig- nifies literally the Hill of Snow, from ihow and down. Eiyri, tlie Welflinamc, is derived from Mynyd Eryrod, tlie HilJ of Eagles. This is the nioft noted enil- ne»ce in the whole region of the Welfh hills : it's top, by way of eminence, is termed y Wyddfa; that is, the confpicu- ous. ()n the top there are bogs, and two lakes that abound with filh. particidarly the char and the guinard. M;. P< nnant lays, «' that the height of tlie mountain, reckoning from tlie quay of Carnarvon to it's hightft peak, is 3568 feet. Jt vvai held I'acred by the ancient Britons, a!> Par- nalfus was by the Greeks, and Ida by the Cretans." He found pieces of lava oil this mountain, and, on the lummit, groups of columnar (tones, of vaft fizc, lying iu all diieflions. From the fummit may be feer> a part of Ireland, of Scotland, and of Cumberland, Lancashire, Chcfhire, and all North Wales, the Irifh and Biiiifh kas, and a vaft numbur of lakes. Such a beau- tiful dilplay of nniure, at once afti>ulfhcs and charms the belioKlei, Smvjjhill, Gloucelltrf. near Broadway. Snukc'jankf s o c 'niike''mk, Nortlunnb. between Alnwick and Rothbisry. Siiytc, a rivtr which riles in Lciceftci(h)ic,aml paHlng through Not- tinghanilliiic, fulls into the Dean at Shil- ton. Soak, ILmiprtiire, near Winchclter. So AN A, or SuANt, a decayed town of Tnlcany, in the Siennefe. SoANE, a river of llindooftan, which rifes on the foiitliern confines oF Allaha- bad, ifTuing from the fame lake, that is the louicc of the NerhuJda, and alter a courfe of 1500 iniks, falling Into the G:tnges a few miles W. of Patna. SocKR-NHfiM, a town of Sponheinn, cir- cle of Upper Rhine. SouiESLAU, a town of Bechin, Bohe- mia. SocHEU, a town of China, in the pro- vii^ce of Chenli. Here is a temple dedi- cated to a blind man, faid to have been one of the greateft politicians in China. ,SociETV Isles, a clurter ot illes, dif- covcred by C.iptain Cook., in 1769, and lb named by liim, becaul'e they lie contiguous to each other. They are li mated between the latitudes of i6. 10. and 16. 55. S, and between longitudes of 150. 57. and 152. W. They are fix in number ; name- ly, Huaiuinc, Ulietea, Otaha, Bolabola, T^Iauroua, and Toobaee. The loil, pro- duilions, people, their language, religion, culioMis, and manners, are nearly the lame as at Oiaheite. The foil is equally boun- tiful and fertile, and the inhabitants are as luxurious and indolent. A plantain branch is tiie emblem ot peace, and chang- ing names the greatelt token of fricndfhip. Their dances are more elegant, their dra- matic entertainments have fomething of plot and coufii^ency, and they exhibit tem- porary occurrences as the objeils ot praile or fatire; i'o that the origin of ancient co- medy may be difcerncd among them. The inhabitants feemed to be ftouter than thofe of Otaheite, and the women were in gene- ral tairer and handfomer, though none were equal to fome individuals. Thole of TJlictea, however, were fmaller and blacker, and much lefs orderly. Mr. Banks found only eleven new plants ; but he obferved fome inleds, and a fpecies of fcorpion he had never Icen before. Captain Cook put on lliore a Cape ewe at Bolabola, where a lam had been left by the Spaniards ; and alio an Engbfli boar and low, with two goats, at Ulietea. If the valuable ani- mals, which have been ti^anfported thither trom Europe, rtiould be fulK"red to nuilti- piy, no part of the world will equal thefe illands in variety and abundance of refrcfh- nicuts fiir future navigators. Among theli: illands are feveral excellent harbours, s d E the entrances into them, indeed, are hut narrow, yet, when a Ihip is once in, no- thing can hurt her. ^oc/t, Somerfeifhirc, 3 miles from Yeovil. Sockborn, Durham, on the 'l\-es, 4. iniles SE. of Darlington. SockMdgey Weft- morland, on t!ie Eimot, near Penrith. Sscknejs, SufTex, near Burwafh and Sali- hurlh Sockjhury.HUl, SufTex, NE. of Ro- therf^eld. Socomb, Kent, NW. of Wye. SocONUSCO, a diftritl of Guaiimala, Mexico, S. of the diftrift of Chiapa, on the N. Pacific Ocean. It is about 28 miles in length, and almoft as much in breadth. It is fhcltered from the N. winds by high mountains, which rendefs the air exceedingly hot, and the country is not very healthful or fertile. The few Spa- niards who are fettled here are very rich. Great quantities of indigo and cocoa-nuts, however, are railed here, which are fent to all the other parts of Mexico. SocOTARA, an ifland in the Arabian Sea, about 50 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. The capital, of the fame name, is fituated on a river near the lea, in lat. 15. 24.. N. The natives are Mahometans, with a mixture of Paganifm. They trade to Goa, with the produce of their ifland, viz. fine aloes, known by the name of So- cotrine aloes ; frankincenfe; ambergreafe; dragon's blood ; rice; dates ; and coral; which are tranfported from thence to many parts of India, and all parts of Europe. The fultan is tributary to the princes of Arabia. The fliore every where alFords fafe anchorage and good ports, and there are, in particular, two fine harbours, where Hupping ride fecure from every wind that blows. Lat. 12. 15. N. Ion. 54.. E. Soda, a town of Hedjas, Arabia. Sodlmry, Durham, near Darlington. SoDBURV, Chipping, a town of Gloucefterfhire, with a confiderable mar- ket for corn, and the greatelf cheefe mar- ket in England, except Atherltonc in Warwlckfhire. It is 15 miks ENE. of Briilol,and 112 \V. of London. Market on Thuifday. Fairs on May 23d and June 24th. SoJl>iny, Little an ilie foil will fmolce. If opened to a conlidcrable dejith, the earth will be inlu, portable fiona tie heat and exhalations. Here is alio a lake full of black, thick water, which feems always to be bulling. SoLKWirzBURG, or SylvisboRg, a lea-port o; Blci.ingcn, Sweden. Solihull, -i town in Warwickfhire, f> miles W. of Coventry, and 107 NW. cf London. Market ciiiufcd. SoLiP.JAN, a town or Tunis. SoLiNOEN, a town of Ikig, Weftphalla. Solikamsk., a town of Perm, in Rnflla, fammis for it's falt-piis and good liorles. Soi.Ms, a principalit)' of Germany, in the Weterau. The counts are divided into feveral branches. SoLMs, or Burg Solms, a town in the circle of the Upper Rhine. SoLOMOS Islands, in the S, Pacific Ocean, -aid to be in lat, about 8 or 10 deg. S. Ion. 1O0 \V. So LOR, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, S. of Celebes, governed by it's own king. Lat. 9. o. S. Ion. 123. 55. E. SoLsoN.^. See Salson.\. SoLTAU, a town of Lunenburg- Zell, Lower S.ixony. Soluath, Pembrokelhire, a fmall har- bour or cove, liirrounded with high and barren rocks, near St. Davids. SoLWAY Frith, a large arm of the lea, between Cnniberhnd and Kirkcud- fcrighilhire. The narrow part of it, at Boulncls, is fafeiy fordtd at low.water, with a guide, although the current be ex- tremely rapid. * SoLWAY Moss, a large black morafs, in Cumberland, near the river Efk, on the boidcrs of Scotlarid. It confids of 1600 acics of thin, peaty mud, with a cruft too weak, in the drielt fummer, to I'uppoit a ni.in's weight. In December, 1769, be- ing fwoln by rains, it burft through the (ht.l of turf which covered it, and ipread a blask ilieaai, filled with jiiaffes of peat, S O M &:er 400 acres of cyltivated land in the neighbouring valley, wliich it entirely fill- ed up. On this occafion, laige horns of deer, and other fubftances \vere ejected. Somborn, U/pcnnd Louver, Ilamplhire, nsar Stockbridge. So.MBRERE Chani:;el, a channel be- twHicn the Kicobar Iflands. SoMtSRERA, a fmall uninhabited ifland in the Weft Indies. Lat. 18. 4.0. N. Ion. 63. 25. W. Soff:ej^il/y a river in Radnorf. Scmerf'j't Lincoln!', between Horncalfle and Alford. So/nirly, Line, near Grantham, fionierby^ Lincoini. near Gaii.lborough. Zomerbyy Lincolnf. near Glar.dtord Bridge. Somer- coies, D^rbyl'. in Scarfd:de, SE. of Alfre- ton. Somcrfield, or Sorneri'ille, Kent, near Selling. Somerford, Chefli. near Congle- ton. Somerford, Hants, near Chnllchurch. Somerford, Stafford 1. on the Penk, near Brewood. Somerford, Great, Wilt^, SE. ofMalmfbury. Somerford, Little, Wilts, on the Ifis, near Crick lade. Somer hilly Kent, in Tunbridge parif'i, 3 miles from Maidftone. Sotner Houfe, Durham, be- twcen Darlington and Siaindrop. Somer- ley, Suffolk, on the Yare, near Leoltoff. Somerley-Hall, or Sovierleton, Suffolk, by Heringtleet. Somerfall-Hall, Derbyf. \i\ Scarfdale. Somerfall, Herbert ^nd St. Pe- ter s, Derbyl. near Boylllon. Somerfcale, Yorkihirc; near Bardcn Tower and Chace. Somersetshire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the NW. by the Briftol Channel; on the N. by Glouccfterfliirei from which it Is divided by the Avon; on the E. by Wiltfhlre ; on the SE. by Dorfetlhire ; and on the SW. by Dcvon- fhire. It's length, from NE. to SW. is 65 miles, and it's breadth, from E.to W. between 30 and 40. It contains 40 hua- dreds, 3 cities, 33 market-towns, and 4.81 pariflies. The air, in the lower grounds, is unlverfally mild, and generally whole- lome. The foil is various. The NE. quarter is in general ftony, and poffefles a lofty trail, called the Mendip Hills. To- ward the centre of the county, where it's principal rivers unite, ate fens and marfby moors of great extent. On the W. fide is the ridge of the Quantock-Hills, with many downs and open heaths ; and in the NW. corner, lies the black, fteril region of Exmccr. The S. part, toward Dorfet- fliire, is high, but well cultivated ; and throughout the county, efpecially in it's SW. quarter, vales of the greateft fertility are interfperled. The principal rivers are the Parret, Ivel, Chew, Thone, Brent, Frome, and Avon. The Mcndip-Hills alldid ubundanci: of cual and minerals. Cheddef SON CHedder Is celebrated for It's cheefcs. Cattle, nearly eqiial in fize to the Llnculn- fiiire, are fed in the fine mendows about the head ot the Parrct. Tlie bed goole feathers for beds come 'vom the Somcrlet marfhes ; the Hnfeeling Inhabitants, how- ever, often pluck the poor birds while yet living. Red and yellow ocher are found here, and cider is a common product of this county ; it has alfo a confiderable ftiare in the manufafture of fine cloths, druggets, fhalloons, knit ftockings. Sec. Somerfliam, Huntingdonl. among the fens, NJE. of St. Ives. Somerjham, Suf folk, S. of Neediiam. *SoM.£[iTON, a town of Somerfetfliire, formerly a confiderable place, from whicli the county took it's name. The Welt Saxon kings had a caftle here, tlic conlla- bielhip of wliich was a confiderable tru(l:, for King John of France, who was remov- ed from Htrtford-Caltle, and jirifoners of the higlieiV rank were committed to it. There is one county-jail at Ilcheller, and another at Samerton, and the aHizes are held at Wells, although generally in the fummer, alternately witli Taunton and Bridgewarer. It contains, at prefent, 150 houfes, and about 1500 inhabitants in the whole parifh. It is 13 miles S. by W. of Wells, and 113 W. by S. of Lon- don. Markets on Tuefday for corn and cattle, and on every other Monday for lenn cattle. The beaft markets are confiderabK-. Fairs on Tuefday in PafHon Week, Tupf- day three weeks after ditto, Tuefday fix weeks after ditto, and Tuefday nine weeks after ditto. Somerton, Suffolk, NW. of Melford. Somcnon-CnPle, Lincolnf. NE. of Beck- ingham. Snnerion, E. and //^. Noifolk, near Winterton Nels. SoMMK, a department of France, ad- joining the dept. of the Straits of Calais. It is lb named from a river that riles in the department of Aifne, and watering St. Qnenlln, Peronne, Amiens, and Abbe- ville, enters the Englilh Channel. Amiens is the capital. Sommercoies, N. and ^. Lincolnf. on each fide of b.difleet. Soumeris, Bedfordf. « miles NE, of Luton. SoM\uEK.FSt a town In the dept. of Gard, with a manufafture of thick leiges, which bear It's name. It is 10 miles SSW. of Nif.nes. SoNCiNi), a town In the Cremoncfe. SoMDERSHAUSEN,a town of Schwart7. burg, Upper Saxony. In the armory of the ruling prince, is an image of Paltrich, one of the Wendidi idols. SoNDRio, or SoNDERS, 1 town yi the S O R country of the Grilbns, capital of the Val- teline. It refcmhles adeierted place, liar- ing little trade or hviftle. in i6io, hc«< v>/as a dreadful mairatre of the Proteitants, which began at Tirano, extended to all the towns of the Valteline, and laitod three days. It is buiit in a romantic fituation, on both fides of the Malcnco, a rapid torrent, which frequently overflows it's banks. Sondrio is 15 miles SSE. of Chia- venna. SoNERGON, or SUNNERGAUM, a til- lage, once a large city of Hindjoftan, and the provincial capital of the callern divi- fion of Bengal, before Dacca was built. It is feated on a branch of the Burraoipoo- ter, 15 miles SE. of Dacca. SONNEEURG. See SuN KEBURG. SONNENSTEIN, a fortrefs of Mci/Ien, Upper Saxony, near Pirna. Near this place, a Saxon army, of 17,500 men, had encamped and intrenched m 1756, but being unable to pal's the Elbe into Bolic- mia, Were compelled by the Piulfians, who had blocked up the river at Ebenheit, to furrender piilbners at difcretion. SoNORA, a province ot New Navarre, N. America, fi:uated on the cxjaft of the Gulf of California. SooLOO, an Jllandof theEaftern Ocean, fituated SW. of Mindanao, almoft mid- way between that iflund and Borneo. It is 50 miles long and 12 broad, and con- tains about 60,000 Inhabitants, who are governed by a I'idtan. The nativ s ar« Malays. It is a great mart, and the Eng- lifh Eaft-India Company have a rcfidcnt here. The principal produclion is fago. Sophia. See Sofia. SoPHiANiA, a town of Adirbeitran, Pcrfia. Sopley, Hants, two miles from Chrift- chuich. SorRON, or Edeneurg, a town and county of Hungary, 29 miles SW. of Prefburg. Sop^orth, Wilts, SW. of Malmfbury. Scp-vell, Herts, near St. Albans. SoRA, a tow'n of Lavora, Naples. SORA, a town of Ratibop, Silelia. Soranks, Kent, in Stanlfede parilh- SoRAvv, an ancient town ot Lu.'atia, witli manufaflures in cloth, and a confi- lUrable trade in linen and yarn. SORBONNE, a vill.ige in the dept. of the Ardennes, remarkable for being the birth-place of Robert de Sorboimc, con- felTor to St. Louis, who founded the cele- brated college at Paris, called after his nam?. It is 6 miles N. of Reiliei, SORiA, a town in Old Callile, near the fource vf the Douro. SOROE, sou SoROE, a town of Z.alanJ, Denmark, witli I royal .icademy, or gymnafnim. Sorrento, a li.a port of Principato Citra, Icated on the Bay of Naples. SosPEi-LO, a town of Nice, in Pie:i- nioot. Sothy, Lincoinniire, NW, of Hqrncaftlc. Sotbertoit, S.irtblk, nsar Blilliboroii^h. Sotterley, SuHblk, ntar Becclte. SovANA, a town in Tufcany. SouuisE, a town in tlie clept. of Lower Gliarciitt;, 3 miles W. of Rocfict'ort. Sough- Hall, near Ciiefter. bouiLLAC, a town in the dept. of Lot, 3Z miles N. of Cahors. Soul'iy, Weltmorl. near Kirhy-Steven. SouLLrn, Oxfordl'. E. of DoJdington. SouUrop, Bcdfordf. NE, of" llarrold. Sou- ley-End, Warwickf. between Allley and B'jllington. Sound, The, or Oresound, a (Irait between S>veden r.nd Denmark, through which fhips nfualiy fail between the ocean and the'Baltic. It is about 4 Uiiles broad, and here ihe Danes take toll of the mer- chant-fhips that pafs. Sour, or Sur, a fea-port of Syria, In the pHchalic of Saida, or Acre, near the remains of the aqcient and celebrated Tyre. It is now a village, filuated on a peninfiili, which proje(fls from the fhore into the fea. Tiiis head of land is a folid rock, covered with a brown, cultivable earth, and forming a plain 800 paces long, by 400 broad. The iilhmus joining the plain to the continent is of pure fea-fand] this difference of foil renders the ancient infular itate of the plain, before Alexan- der joined it to the ihorc by a mole, very vifible. On this ilthmus, the village of Sour is lituated. In one point of tlie pe- nlnfula is u bafon, which was evidently a port formed by art, but now fo choked up, that children pafs it without being wet above the middle. Here are only 50 or 60 poor families, who live on the produce of their little grounds and gardens, and a trifling fiftiery. At the SE. corner are the ruins of a Chrilfian church. It is 18 miles S. of Saida, and 80 NN VV. of Jeru- falcni. SouRE, or Sure, a river which runs from E. to W. through Luxemburg, and falls into the Mofelle a little above Treves. Souse, or Susa, a town- of Tunis, one of the befl in the country, capital of a province of the fame name. It is a place of fome trade for oil and linen, and has a good harbour. It is 54. miles S. of Tunis. SoUTCHEOU, a city of the firff rank, in the province of Kiangnan, China, fitu- ated un a river which communicates with SOU the Lake Tai. It is extolled by the Chi- ncfe as an earthly paradile, for the dc- liv^htfulnefs of the adjacent country, &c. The brocades and embroidery made here are highly efttemcd. Soutern Cajlle, near York. SouTKRRAiNE, a town in tlie dcpnrt- ment of Crtule, 12 miles W. of'Gueret. South, SulVcx, near Beachy-llead. Souths Acre, Norfolk, near Caftle-Acre. *Sou'rjiAM, a town of VVaiwickfhire, with a conliderable market {'or cattle, S miles vSE. of Warwick, and 83 NW. of London. Market on Monday, Fair on July loth. Southam, Gloucef. in Cleveparini, ren- dered remarkable for the, antique houfe be- longing to this tithing, which, is ?. low building, in tlie ftyle of the age of Henry IV. The hall floor is of painted brick, brought from Hales-Abbey, in high pre-, fervation, on which are many curious de-,, vices. ' .r\' * SoufHAMPTON, formerly caJJ.ed. Hantun, a town of Hampfliire, fiiunted on a fine inlet of the ftra, called Triiran'-_ ton-Bay, or Southampton-Water, deep . enough for the largeft fhips. The t%yo principal rivers that fiow into it (the It- chen and the Teft, Tele, or Anton) admit fmatl craft fome way up the country. The town is lituated between thcfe two rivers. It vv'as formerly a port or great commerce, and Itill poireifes a trade in French and Port wines, and in the Newfoundland fifli- ery, having a particular conne(Sfion, more- over, with Guernley and Jcrfey. The veflels employed in foreign conmierce are about 30, and in the coafting- trade up- wards of 100. Here are manufai^^ures of filk and carpets. It is a fafhionable place of refort for fea bathing; and it was on this beacli that the Daiiifh king Canute gave that ftriking reproof to his riattering courtiers j when the dilobedicnt tide wafli- ed his feet. Two miles from this town is Woodmills, where there is a curious ma- nufaftory of flup. blocks, from which the royal dock-yards are fiipplied. South- ampton is 12 miles SSW. of Winchefter, and 75 WSW. of London. Markets on Tuelday, Thurlday, and Saturday. SourHAMPrON, XUii COUNTY OF. See Hampshire. South- AJh, Kent, by Wrotham. Soutk~ hrevA, Somerfetf. Southbr'idge, Norfolk, N VV. of Hingham. Soutbbrook, or ff'aterst SuiTtx, W. of Sedgwick-Park. Sout/:hur»f Yorkf. NE, of Baynton. Southbury-HUU Wiltfhire, near Everiey- Warren. Soutk- Cary, Dorl'etf. a mile W. of Wareham. Soutll-Ckurch^ QX SiaCkunk, EflTex, near. PritileweU, sou Pilttlewell. South Comb, Dorfetf. rear E. Lulwo'tli. Sotithcot, Berks, ncarRer.d- ing. Southcot. Kent, near Eyr.stonl. Sonth- DuTX'm, SuHL'x, have a ticliglnful profptfl oi the iea, anJ a carpet road ot 13 miles, from Le-ves to Bjiglulielniftone. South- end, ElTex, ill Pri' tit well paiifii. Being the nearclt watering place ro the metropo- iis, it is now pretty much rcibrted to, foi- the piirpole ot' lea-'battiing, handloine accominodaiions tor the company hsving been erefted. It is 44. nnics E. ot Lon- don. Southend, Glouccfterl". in N.lilcy parifh. Southend, Kent, 2 miies N. of ChilelhiirlV. Southend, Lancal. near the Pile ot Foudray. South-Mend, Gloucel- terf. in the panfli of Welthury-on-Trin. Southern'jy, Cumbeil. in the parilh ot Cal^- tle-Sowcrby. SoiUhernton, Lintulnf. near Dunnington. Souihes, Sudcx, S. of Lewes. Southjield, or Banksfee, Gioiicef. in Long- borough. parHh. SouthJiiet,¥^t\\t, a miies S. ot Gruvel'end. Southgate, Mlddlclex, a village on the verge ot Enfield- Chace, 2 miles "SE. of E;iirB<.rnet. South-Ha??iS, Dvvonl'. a number ot villages i^ear Torbay, noted for fbong, rough cider. South- Harting, S.ifler. Southa'VinVoint, Dor- letf. in Pool-Harbour. Southhoo. Hunt- jngdonfliire, near Gieat and Little Paxton. Suuthill, Bedford!". 3 miles SW. of Big- glefwade. Southlll, Cornwall, N. of St. Ives. Soutklaves, Suffcx, in Eaftbouin parifh. Southleigh, Oxford!", a miles from Witney. Southmere, Norfolk, near B.if- ley. South Minfler, BlVex. Southold, Mid- diefcx, in Hayes parilh. Southold, ov Hole, Cornwall, near Cloveily-Harbour. South- clt, Suffolk, SE.of Eye. Southorp, Glou- cefterf. on the river Leek, 5 miles from Burford in Oxfordflurc. Southorp, North- ampton!", near Ulford. Southorp, Somer- feti". between llminfferand Yeovil. South- cjer, Dorfctr. near Frampton. Southo'ver, Sulfex, near Lewes. South Park, Suffolk, in Hargrave parifli. South Park, Surry, NW. of Crowiunlt. Southrey, Lincoln!". on the Witham, SW. ot Hjrncaltle. South- rey, Noriolk, near Holt. South Sea-Caf- tle, Hampfliire, near Portfmouth, built by Henry "VIII. Southtozvn, Suffolk, near Yarmouth. SouTHWARK, a town of Surry, which may be conliJered as part of the metropo- lis, being leated on the oppofite lide ot the Thames, and under the iurifdiftionot the lord mayor, who is it's bailiff, with a fteward and deputy bailiff under him. Southwark is alio one of tiie city wards, named Bridge Ward Without, and an al- derman is chol'en to govern it. It is call- ed the Borough, by way of dillini^ion, and SOU is a large and populous place, participat- ing conliderably in the commerce of Lon- tlon. The bilhop of Winchcfter had tor- meriy a palace hcie, viith a park ; when there were 18 brothels along the Bank- fide, licenfed by that prelate, und.r ccr- rain regulations confirmed by parliament. The prortitutes kept here were commonly called JVinchcJlcr getfe. It is divided into two parts, the Bjrougli Liberty, govern- ed by the lord mayor; and the Clink, or Manor ot Souihwaik, under the jurifdic- tion of the biftiop of Winchelter, who, by his (teward, keeps a court-ieet and a court ot record en the Bank-fide. A court of conl'cicnce is eftablifhed here, as well as in London. Southwark contains 6 pa- liflics, a ne-.v Roiniih chapel, many places of worfnipfor the DilTenters of various He- nominations ; leveral charitable founda- tions, particularly thole two noble endow- ments, S'. Thomas's Holpi al and Guy's Holpital, together with the Magdalen Hoipita); the Alylum for Female Or; bans; the Freemafon's School, a latelj-erefted building, for the fame purpofc ; the Phi- lanthropic Reform, &c. Befiuc the King's Bench and Marfliallea prifons, and the county Bridev.'cll, a new county-gaol, with a feflion-houle adjoining, has been lately built. Thecouit-houl"e, at St. Margaret'* H II has been alio rebuilt. South-xvaite, Cumberland, nearKefwick. South-zvate, Lanca!'. on the Dodden, W. of Fournefs Fells. South-Tva'er, Sulfex. Southzceald, Elfex, to which Brentwood is a hamlet, is fituated on an eminence that commands an extenfive prolpeift, 16 miles ENE. of London. Southnveck, Gloucefterl". in Tewkefoury parifli. Soulh- iveek, Hants, 5 miles N. of Portfmouth, with a fine view of the harbour, dock, Ille of Wight, &c. Southwell, a town in Nottingham- fliire, with a collegiate church, called a minfter, to which belong 1 5 prsbends, or canons, 6 vicars choral, an organilt, 6 llng- ing-men, 6 chorifters, 6 boys who attend as probationers, a regiflrarv, a tieafurer, an auditor, and a verger. The chapter has a peculiar jurildiclion'over z% parilhes, to molt of which it has the right of preltnta- tion, befides to others in York (hire ami Lincolnfliire. It is 10 miles NE. of Not- tingham, and 139 NW. by N. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. South^.vick, Hants. Southivick, SufTex. SOUTHWOI.D, a fea-port of Suflolk, feated on a cilfT, or point of land, near a fine bay, at the mouth of the liver Blyihe. Here a much-cllecmed fait is niade, and it trades iu hernngs, i"prats, ccrn, &:c. It is S s aJmoft sow alnioft furrounded by water, erpccially at every high tide. It is coinmonly called SowLE, or Sole, ami it's bay, named SOLEBAY, is rem ill k. lb If tor two famous fca-fights ; one in i (166, between the Eng- lilh Heet, ot 1 1+ men of war and frigates, and the Dutch fleet, of 103 men ot war, when the latter were defeated, with the lols of near 70 fhips, a aiimirals, and 6oco men, while the Englifli lolt only one Ihip. The fight of 1671 was between the com- bined fictts of England and iManre, con- fining of joi men of war, and tlie Dntch fleet of yi. The ilTue ot the day was ra- ther unceitain ; wc loft four (hips and the Dutch three. Southwokl is 20 miles S. of Yarmouth, and J04. NE. of London. Market on Thurfday. Sotct/jivooii, Hants, between South-Sea- Caftle and Thorney-Ill;ind. Southtvortb, L;incaf. N. of Warrington. Southy-Bank, Lincolnf, in Lower Holland. SouTRA-Hii.L, the mod elevated hill in tlie mountainous ridge of Lammermuir, in the N. partof Bcrwickfhire, in Scotland. In former times, it was a noted lea- mark. In this dreary part of the country, there is fc'arce a free or a burti, and few houfes or villages: fome fuccefsful exertions, how- ever, have been made to improve the fouth- ern Cidt of this mountain, near the village of Channeikirk. SouvjGN'Y, a town in thedept.of Al- lier, 6 iniles miles W. of Moulins, and J07 S. of Paris. •S'civ, a river in StafFordfhire, nmning inro the Trent at Tixall. Sonv, a river in Warwickf, running into the Avon. Sovj- barro-ixj, Cumberl. near Penrith. StrW' berth'ivate., Lancaf. N. of Dalton. Sqix}' cam, Nottinghamfhire, N. of Mansfield, ^c-iu^, Warwickf. on the river Sow, NW. ofComb Abbey. So^'cerby, Cumberland, near Grayllock Callle. Sov:£rby, Lancaf. ill Amoundernefs. Son.i:eri:-y, Weftmorl. NE. of Kirby Steven. Soiverl'j, Yorkf. near Thirlk. Soiverbj, Yorkf. SW. of Halifax. Saiverby-Temple, Weftmorl. near Kirkby-Tliore. Soivick, Lancal', NW, ofPrefton. So'vland, Yorkf. SW. of Ha. lifax. ^awoo^, Norfolk, NW.ofKeedham. Scvcport, Cumberland, near Longtown, ^yOTA.'rtoK, Devon ('. SW. of Okehampton. SoiuterfieU, Cumberland, NW. of Ireby. SowTHAM, a town of Warwickftiiie, near Napton, in the road from Banbury to Coventry. It is 6 miles SE. of War- >wick, and 87 NW. of London. Market on Monday. So-wtkorp, Lincolnf. W. of Stain£eet. So-ji'thorp, Lincolnf. near Kirton, in Lind- fey. Scuiton^ Dsvonf.neat Exeter. Scvi^ SPA ton, Shropfliire, bttwee'n Frees and Wcm. Soiuion, or Soutkeram, Suftex, r ir Lewes. Spa, a town ol Liege, Weftphatia, feated in a romantic valley, furrount'td by woody mountains, contains about 300 houles, and is famous for it's mineral wa- ters. That called the Old Spa confifts of miltirable cottages, and Is properly nothing but the fuburb to the other. The houfes of the New Spa are moftly of wood, old- fartiioned, dark, and fmall, and yet, it is affirmed, tiay can make 1200 beds for ftr:inutrs. The inn, called the Court cf l.ondotty is very large, the beft in the place, and molt frequented. The chief i'prings are called Pouhon, Saviniere, (jroilbeeck, and Geronfter, to v^hich Dr. Lucas has. added the Pouhon Pia, and Bar- rifnr. The inhabitants are much employ- ed in making toys for ftrangers, as the town refcmbles a fair, during the water- drinking fealon. There are beautiful and heahhful rides on every fide, with great variety of pkafant walks. There arc pub- lic rooms for aflemblies every night, and balls two or three times a week. The waters were difcovered in 1326. It is 17 miles SE. of Liege. Spade-Adam, Cumberl. near Bcaucaf- tlr. Spadforth, Nottln^hamfliiit, near Newark. Spain, a confiderable kingdom of Eu- rope, bounded on the N. by the Bay of Bil'cay; on the NE. by the Pvrenean Motmtains, which feparate it from France ; on the E. S. and SL. by the Mediterra- nean, and the Straits of Gibraltar j on the SW. by the Atlantic j and on the W." by Portugal and the Atlantic. It is about 700 miles long and 500 broad. It con- tains the provinces of Old and New Cal- tilc, Andalufia, Arragon, Eftramadura, Galicia, Leon, Catalonia, Granada, Va- lencia, Bifcay, the Afturias, Murcia, and Upper Navarre; fome of which have bten feparate kingdoms. The air of Spain is dry and ferene, except during the e\juino6lial rains, but exceffively hot in the fouthern provinces in liimmcr. The vaft mountains, however, that run through Spain, are very beneficial to the inhabit- ants, by the refrefhing breezes that ccir.e from them in the fouthernmoft parts, tho' thofe in the N. and NE. are, in the winter, very cold. The foil is very fertile; but there are large tra£\s of uncultivated ground. The produce of the country i* fine wheat, barley, fafFron, exquifite ho- ney, filk, Jaltpetre, fait, barriilas,(a f]>ecies of potaA) and even fugarcanes. It pro- duces the richeft and moft delicious fruits that are to be found in France and Italy, oranges, SPA erangfs, lemons, prunes, citrons, almonds, raifins, figs, dates, pomegranates, olives, &c. Their wines are in high eltcem. Wolves ar: the chief tnjads ot prey tiiat inieli Spain. Their -vilcl bulls, which are caught m Andalutn, have lo much fero- city, that their buil fights were the moft magnihcent ipeilacl^ the court ot Spain could exhibit ; this barbarous amuiement, however, is now, in part, exploded. Their domeftic animals are hoi les that are re- markably I'wift, mules, horned cattle, which are but tew, (hecp, &c. The wool of the latter is luperior to any in Europe; the bed is that of Old Caltilc. Spain abounds in minerals and metals, corne- lian, agate, jacintli, loadllones, turquois- ftones, quickiilver, copper, lead, fulphur, alum, calamine, cryftal, marbles of I'everal kinds, piM ./iiyry, the fineft jafper ; and even diamonds, emeralds, and amethylts, are found here. Anciently it was cele- brated fcr gold and filver mines, but, fince the difcovery of America at leaft, no attention has been i^id to them. The principil rivers are ilie Duero, Tajo, Gua- diana, Guadalqutver, Ebro, Guadaiaviar, and Scgura. Spain, which, in the times 'of the Goths and Moors, contained be- tween ^o and 30 millions of people, is now bi!t tliinly inhabited, to which va- rious caules have contributed; as the im- pcliticexpulfion of the Moors, the emigra- ^ tions to the colonies, the vaft numbers and celibacy of the clergy, and the indolence of the natives. It is fuppnfed to contain 7,500,000 of inhabitants. The created part of the necefiary artifans are French, as the natives difdain to ftoop to handi- dcrafts. The perfons of the Spaniards in general, arc tallj their complexions I'war- thy ; their countenances expreUive. The women are iVnall and flender, and poflefs little of that beauty which icigns in their novels and romances. The eftablifhed re- ligion of Spain is popery, and here the in- quifition once reigned in all it's hoirors ; but, although it itill exifts, it has been lately rendered, by the humane interven- tion of tlie royal authority, comparatively harmlefs. Spain has 44. epifcopwl fees, and 24. univerfities. It was oncc the molt free, but is now one of the molt defpotic kingdoms in Europe. They had once their cortes, or parliaments, which had great privileges; but, though not ablij- lutely abolifhed, they have no part in the governnoent. They are alTcmbled in- deed, occafionally, (as at the acceilion of the monarch) but merely as an appendage to the royal ftate, without power, or any other conl'equence than what refult* S P E from their individual rank. Xfadrid It the capital. Spain, New. See Mexico. Spaines-Hall, EfTex, in the parifh of Finchingfield, SpAiTLA, a town of Tunis, with Ro- man ruins of great extent and mignifi- cence. Spalatro, a fea-port of the late Ve- netian Dalmaiia, with a lirge. deep, and well-hequented harbour. H^-rc aie grand and exttnijve ruins of a fabric of ti;e em- peror Diocle/ian. In 1784., Spalatro v/as neaily depopulated by the plague. It is fea'ed on the Gulf of Venice, in lat. 44. 4. N. lun. 17. 31. E. Spaldick, Huntingdonfhire. * Spalding, a town of Holland, in Lincolndiire, Icated en the Weiland. From it's nentncfs, and the canals in the Itreets, it refemble; a Di'.tch town, and vefTtls of 50 or 60 tons, cairuiig coals, corn, &c. can get up here with the ride. Much hemp and flax is grown in the neighbourhood. It is 20 ndles N. by E. of Peterborough, and 160 N. of London. Market on Tuefday. See Holland. Spaldington, YcrkI'. N. of Howdon. •S'/w/^-zuzcXr, Hnntingdoni". NE. of Kimbol- ton. Spatiby, Lmcolnl'. N. of Foivingliani, SpanDhW, aflouri/hing, populous town In the Middle Marchc, Biindenburg, fur- rounded on all fides by iTior.ifTes. Here is a confidorablc foundry of arms. It is feat- ed at the confluence c\' the rivers HiVtl and Spree, 8 miles NW. of Berlin. SpamJJi.lJJavd, in Cork, Munlter, in the Bav ot Baltimore. Spanish Town. Sec Jago, St, Spanfe-Hill, in Clare, Mu.iRtr. Spargor, Connvall, W. of Penryn. Sparham, Norfolk, S. of Repeham. Sparf- holt. Berks, 5 miles from Wintage. Spar- Jhor Hants, NW. of Wincherter, SparTEL, Cafe, a promontory on the NW. point of Barbary, at the entrance of the Straits of Gibraltar. SpARTivENTO, Cape, a promontory on the coatt of Naples, at the SE. extre- mity of Caiabiii Ultrn. Spa'-MfitcK, Yorkf. NE.of Kirby Mx>r- fide. Speak, Lancal. on the Mcrfey, SE, ot Liverpool. Spean, a confiderable river of Inver- nelslhire, which ilTues fiom Lech Lag- gan, and, flowing in a weflerly diicClicn, falls inio liic river Locliy, abjut a mile bclou Loch Lochv. Speights T6w^<, a fea-port on the NW. cnalt of Barbadoes. Sp£ltrook, Kertfordlhire, S. of Stortford. Speldktrji, Kent, 3 miles SW. of Tun- S s a btijgc. S P I bridgf. Over tlic pnrclj of it's clmrch, cut in ftoni.-, are ilit- itnns of tlit Duke of Orlcnns, who w;is r«kcn prifoiu-r at the battle of Afjiiicoiirt, by Richard Waller of Gronu bridge, at whole hoiile he was kfpt luar 25 yiars, during which the duke was a goad bene ta^ or to the chuich of Spcldheift. Spfi.lo, a ffiwn of SpoletP. SpelmonJen, Kent, near Horfmondcn. S/'ihrell Mount, Northamptonf. near Da- veiiiry. Spen, Durham, on the Darwcnt, ojipofite to Gibfide. Speiice River, in Down, Ulfter. Spene, or Spenham-Land, 'he Sfiiitt of the Romans, Berks, on the Kcnnet, near Newbury. Speiittythcrn, Yorkl. near Mid- lim. Spenial, Warwickl'. N. of Cough- ton. Spetchley, 3 miles E. ot Worcefter. Spt'ljhury, Dorlirtl". near Blandford. Spe- ion, ana, it's CUff, on the fea, NW. ot Fiamborongh-Hcad. Spexhall, Suffolk, near Kaltlworth. Spkv, a great and rapid river of Scot- land, which iiTues from Loch Spey, in In- vcrnefsfliire, divides the counties of Mur- ray and Banff for more tlian 20 miles, and enters the German Oct an at Speymouth, 3 miles N. of Gordon- Callle. Sptz'ziA, or Spetia, a town of Ge- nod, with a good liarbour, feated on a gulf of the fame name, 41 miles SE. of G?no3. Spice Islands. See Moluccas. Spiegelbekc;, a town ot Calenburg, Wtltphalia, capital of a country of the lame name, 18 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. It is fuhje^S to the Prince of Oiange, under the proteftion of the hou.e of Hanover. . Spigno, a town of Montferrat. Spigurnel, Warwickl. near Milverton. Spikt'-IJland, near Cork-Harbour, M un- der. Spilemburco, a town of Friuli. Spillhill, or Spi'Jill- Court, Kent, near S'apltherlt, Spiljiury, Oxtordlhne, near Chadlington ami Charlbury. SpiLSBY, a town in Lincolnfttire, 17 miles N. of Bofton, and 132 N. by E. of London. Market on Saturday. SpiHiUcflon, Northumberl. near Eam- burgh. Spuikkull, Derbyf. in Scarldale. spinney Abbey, Cambridgef. near Soham. SpiRBACH, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on a Imail river of the fame name, which falls into the Rhine at Spire. Spire, a free and imperial town in the palaiinate of the Rhine, capital of a bi- Ihopric of the lame name. It was burnt by the French in 16S9 j and in 1693, the S P o Imperial Chamber was removed to Wctr- lar. In a diet held here, in 152';, the Reformers firft obtained the name ot Pro- leftants. It is la miles SW. ot Heidel- berg. Spire, abifliopric in the circle of the Upper Rhine, about 50 milts in length and 30 in breadtli. It is diviiled into two parts by the Rhine, and is a fertile coun- try. Spire is the principal town. Spiritu-Santo, a town ot Brafil, in the government ot Rio Janeiro, with a harbour. It is feated by the fea-fide, in a very fertile countiy. Lat, 20. 30. S. Spital, a tov\n of Caiinth'a. Spital Gate, Gloucef. near Cirenctfter, Spital, Cliefiiire, nerr Eoughton. Spittle^ Northumberland, S. ot Berwick. Spittle, Northumberland, near Hexham. Spittle^ Yorkfhire, between Buimer ^>nd Fiaxton. Spittle, Yorkl. on Srainmore Forcft. Spithead, a Ipacious road lor fliip- ping, between Portfmouth and the Ille of Wight, where the royal navy commonly rendezvous in time of war. Spittle in the Street, a village in Lin- colnthire, between Gaintboiough and Mar- ket-Raifin, 10 miles N. of Lincoln. It was part of the Roman caufeway, leading from London, by Lincoln, to the Hum- ber, which the people call the High Jireet, it being thrown up to a great height, and in Ibme places ieven yards broad. Here are two iprings, one called Julianas If'e/l, and the other Cojiieto?: l^'^ell. Great num- bers of Pvoman coins have been dug up in this village, and there aie great founda- tions all around, whence it is conje£lured, that lome Roman town ftood by the high- v;ay. SpXTZBERGEN,OrEAST GREENtANtt, the mod northern country of Europe, con- fifting of an ifland, or iflands, fituattd between Greenland to the W. and Nova- Zembla to the E, The coaft is bcfct with craggy mountains, and in the months of June, July, and Augull, the fun never lets ; for the reft of the year it is hardly feen. In the valleys are large white bears, while foxes, and ibme curious birds and plants. The inland parts are uninhabit- ed, and the coails aj^; only frequented for the purpole of catching whales. Lat. 76. 30. to 79. 4.0. N. Ion. 6. to 16. E. Spix-ivortb, near Norwich. Spodden. 2 river in Lancafliire. Spoforth, Yorkf. S,. of Knarelborough. Spoleto, a city of Italy, capital of Umbria, or the duchy of Spoleto. It was formerly a large place, but, in 1703, fuffered greatly by an earthquake, and is now thin of people. There are the ruins. S Q u of an amphitheatre, a irlumphal arch, and an aqueduit. ]t is ieated in a country noted for good wine, 53 miles NN£. of Rome, Spoleto, anciently Umbria, a duchy of Italy, in the S ates of the Chinch, E. of the Orvietan, and the Patrimonio, about 40 miles in length and nearly as much in breadth. SJ>ondDK, SE. of Derby. Sponebed, or Spoonoed CJloucefterf. inPalntvvickparifli. ^ pons Hof pit al, Warwick.!', near Coventry. ^pooiur-RoiM, Norfolk, a mile ami a halP SVV. (It Windham. Spoonkill, ShropC. S. of W;nlock. SpoonUy, Shropfliire, near Drayton. Sporle, Norfolk, NE.ofSwafF- hani. i"^7-\7f. ton, Che(hire, near Kinderton. Sprcitton, % miles from Northampton. Spree, ariverof Germany, wliich rifes on the frontiers ot Bohemia, croOes Lu- iatia, enters the marquifate of Bianden- i)urg, and after pading by Berlin, joins the Havel at Spandaw. SpridLln^ton, 6 miles N. of Lincoln, Springfield, a town of N. America, In the (tate of M.fTachufets, ^cated on ilie E. fide ot Conntdicut River, 73 miles W. of Bulton, Springfield, In Cork, Mimfter. Springfield Bofn.cel and Richards, ElTex, near Chelmsford. Spring Head, Yorkf. near Hull. Spring Park, Gloucef. 4. miles from Durlley, Springthorp, Lincolnl'. E. of Gainfborough. Sprotborough, Yorkl. NE. of Rotherham. Sprotley, YorkC. In Holdernefs, S. of Burton-Conltable. Sprottau, a town of Glogau, Silefia. Sprox<.fion, NE. of Norwich. Spronv- ton, Suffolk, near Ipfwich. Sproxton, Lei- cellerl. E. of Waltham-on-the- Would. Sproxton, Yoikf. in Ridale, S. of Helmel- ley. ^r«y?o;z, Yorkf. E. of Leeds. Spiir- lejlon, Devonfhire, near Plymlfock. Spurn- head, Yorkl". at the mouth of the Hiuniier, the SE. point of Holdernefs. Spurreboj, in Limerick, Mimfter. Spiirfio'zu, Chefhire, NW. of Nampt- wich. Spurttvell, Nortluimberl. SW. of Hexham. Sputt, a river in Wcffmorland. Sputty, Denbighfliire. Spy-Cra^, North- umberl. near Lowes-Foieit. Spy-Parh, Wilts, near Chippenham. Squillace, a lea-port on the S. coali x)f Calabria Ultra, near a gulf of the lame name. Squince Ifland, near Glandore-Harbour, In Cork, Munlter. It produces a fort of herbage, which has a wonderful good ef- ieft on difeafed horfes. Squire- Hills, Red-xnd. JFbite, Northumb. the lormerN. of Rcdefdale, and the latter S T A near Cheviot-Hills. Sreven-JFocd, North- umberland, In Hcnefheved manor. Slab- bers, Edex, in N. Ockingdon parifli. ST.\BLO,orSTAVELO, atownofLIege, with a manufaffcry ot leather. Stackhoufe, Yoikf. near Settle. Stack" s-Mcuntains, in Kerry, Munfter. StarkiL-orth, Cambridgef. S. of New- market-Heath. Stade, a town of Bremen, Lower Sax- ony, formerly an Hinierttic Town, the ca- pital of 3 county, and the refidencc of it's counts. If is now the feat of the regency ot the duchies of Bremen and Verden, as alfo ot the chancery, chief court of juHice, and confilfory, under the E]e6lor of Ha- nover, to whom it is fubjccl, together with it's territory. In 1712, the Danes took it, after a bombardment, but, in 1715, the Danifli garrifon marched out, and was replaced by the troops of Hanover. In ^755> confiderahle fums were elTigned by the king of Great Britain, for the better fortifying of this town, and thefe improve- ments were completed with all polTible tkill and care. It isl'eatedon the river Swinge, near it's confluence with the Elbe, 12 n»iles W. of Hamburg, Staden, Derbyf, in the High Peak. Stadthagex, a town of Schauenburg, Weftphalia, Stafarda, in Saiuzzo, Piedmont. Staffa, an Ifland oif Scotland, one of the Hebrides, a little to the W. of Mull. It is a mile long, and halt a mile broad. The whole SW. end of this ifland is iup- ported by Ihipendous ranges of bafaltic pillars, moftly above 50 feet high, and Itanding In natural coionades. Some of thtfc coiumns aic above 60 teet thick, and are formed almoft into the fliape of thofe uied in arclii'etliire. Here is alfo a ca- vern, called Fmmacoul, orFingarii Cave, which extends 250 feet under ground. It's entrance Is a natural arch, more than 100 feet high. Hnrdly any thing can be con- ceived more m.igr.Incent than inch a fpace, fupported on each fide by ranges of co- lumns, and roofed b)' the bottoms of thole which have been broken off in order to f jnn it. The cavern is lighted from with- out, lb that it's tartliei't extremity may be feen. Indeed, this Ifland is every where fupported by bafaitic rocks and pillary, much fuptrioJ" in beauty and giandeur to thofe which torni the Giant's Caufeway in Ireland. • Stafford, the county town of Staf- fordlhire, feated, on the river Sow, and near a navigable canal, which extends through fevcral counties. It has a free- fchool, and a fine fquare market-place, In S s 3 which vS T A uViich is a handfoiiio {hire.hall, and under it the markct-houff. The ftreets arc large, and many of the boulVs handi'omely built. This town has gitatly increaftd of late, both in population and wealth, by the ma- nnfirturc of cloih. A county infirmary was finifhcd lu-re in 1772. It is iz milts HW. of Lichfield, and i 35 NW. of Lon- don. Lat. 5J. 53. N. ion. o. 2, W. ^I iiket on S;4turday. Staffordshire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the W. by ShropHiire and Chefhire, on the NE. and E. by Der- byllurc, and on the SE. and S. by War- wiciclhire and Worceltcrftire. It extends ill length about 54 miles, and in breadth fiom 18 to 36. It is divided into 5 hun- dreds, vvliich contain 1 city, 21 towns, and 181 pjrifties. The principal riveis are the Trent, Dove, Sow, Churnet, St^ur, Pcnk, and Manvfold. The air is reckon- ed plcafant, mild, and wholefome. The middle and ibuthern parts are level and plain, and the foil is good and rich j the N. are hilly, and full of heaths and moors. This county contains about 780,800 acres, of which 600,000 are in a (fate of cultiva- tion. Staffordshire is famous for it's potte- ries, it's inland navigations, and it's found- ries, blalt furnaces, flitting mills, and va- rious other branches of the iron trade. The mines of couls, copper, lead, and iron ore are rich and extenfive; thofe of coals ate luppoled to occupy a fpace of 50,000 acres. There arc alfo numcious quarries of (lone, alaba.'ier, and limeftone. Staf- ford is the county-town. See Canal, The Grand Trunk. Stafford, or Sianford, Dorfetihire, E. of Dorchefter, near Winterborne. Stafford /food, Surry, in Limpsfield paridi. Stagira, a tuwn of Macedonia, the birth-place of Arillotle, whence he is call- ed the Stagirite. Stagno, a fea port of Ragufa. Stagno, Herts, in Paul's Walden parifh. Stagfdm, 4 milts from Bedford. Stags- haivbank, Northumberland. Stain, a town in the Tyrolefe, Stahiber Hall, Yorkf. SW. of Barntf- ley. Stainborn, Yorkf. S. of Knarelbo- lough Forcft. Staintorough, Yorkaiire, * miles N. of Tankerlley. Stainbridget Gloucift-rfhire, in the parifli of Cotes. .S/rti^/^wr/i.Cum.berland, near Workington. Str.inhy, Lincolnfl.ire, S. of Grantham. Staikdrop, a town ot Durham, is miles NW. of Diilington, and 146 from Lemion. M.oket dilufed. Stainer Hall, Yorkfliire, near Seiby. •i^TAiNES, a town of Middiclex, feated an the liver Tnames, ova wiuch is an eJe- S T A gant ftone bridge, of three elliptic arches. Above the bridge, at Coin-Ditch, is Lon- don-Mark-Stone, the ancient boundary to tnc jurildiclion of the city of Lon mains of thefe aje (fill to be leen, and par- ticularly the gate of the laft, on which there is a brazen nofe and a ring through it. It's trade ii cbit% in malt, fta-coals, ai'id S T A an.l frcefrone. It is 26 miles NNW. of Iluntinajdon, and 96 N. by VV. of Lon- don. Market's on Monday and Friday. Stamford, North\ifnh. in Enibletoii ba- rony. Stanford, Yorkf. neir Hatfield- Ciiace. Stamford Bridge, Middiefex, be- tween Lit'W ClulfeH and Walham Gieen. Stamford Bridge, YorkOiire, on t!ie Dcr- wcnr, SW. of Wilton. Here King Ha- loid gave a ili;n;4l dcieat to the forces of Haioid ilie Nvjrwegian, juft before the ar- rival of VViiliani the Norman, in England. Stii-nfordkam, Northumberland. Stam- ford Hill, Middlekx, between Newington and Toitcnliam. Stampalia, an ifland of the Archipe- Itgo, 15 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. It has very few ini'.abitants, and wants ficdi water. It is 60 miles NNW. of RiKuies. Staii'iach, Herefordf. near the Arrow, KVV. of PembriJge. Stanhorn, EiTcx, r-ar S.cple-Bamfted. Stanborough, Herts, i miles from Hatfield. Stanhridge, Bed- fordOiire, near Leighton-Biizzard. Sian- In-idge, Hants, NW. of Riimley. Stan- bridge, Yorkshire, in W. Riding. Stan- bury, Yorkfliire, SW. of Keighiey, bTANCHio, anciently Cos, a fertile idnnd of the Archipelago, about la miles frojn the coaft of Natolia, and 70 miles in circumference. The capital, which is of the lame name, is a confulerable town, with a good harbour. Lat. 36. 45. N. Standiff, Derbyfliire, in tiie High Peak. Stancomhe, Gloiic. in Hinchcombe parifh. Stand. Derbyf. near Chatfworth. Stand- ard-Hill, Kent, S. of Newington, by Sit- tingbourn, on wfiich, it is laid, Julius Caviar encamped. Standard-Hill, Suff'ex, now called Beacon- Hill, near Battle, where William the Norman erefted his ffandard of defiance, the day before iiis battle with the Englifli. Standel, Oxfoidf. in Pirton parifh. Slanden, E. and IV. Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Sianden, Upper and AV- tbcr, B>;dfordf. near Siiitlington. Stand- er-jvick, Somerfetf. NE. of Frome. Stand- ford, Shropf. z miles from Newport, in the road from London to Chelfer. Stan- difb, Glouceflerf. 4. miles NW. of Stroud. Standijh, Lancafliire, N. of Wigan. Stan- ili/h Morton, Gloucefterfliire, in the parifh of Standifli. Standley, near Dmham. Standon, a town in Hertfordfliire, 8 miles NE. of Hertford, and 27 N. of London. Market on Friday. Standon, Staff, near Charlton. Stcrie, Line. S. (if the Saltfietbies. Sta/ie, Yoik- fliire, W. of MafhamChace. Stanelund, Vorkiliire, S. of Halifax, near tlie Caldei-. St.'^kemqrh, » dreary dillrict of S T A Weffmorlaiid, between Brough and Kir. by-Steven, part of it being in Bowes pa.. riiT), in Yorkfhire. Here is a fragment of Rerecrofs, fet up as a boundary be- tween England and Scotland, when Cum- berland belonged to the latttr kingdom. Stanefgate, EfTex, N. of Steple. Stan- field, Line. W. of Horncaftle. Stanfield, Norf. near Windham. Stanfield, Norf. between Lytcham and Elmhani. Stan- field, Yorkfhire, on the Calder, W. of Ha- lifax. Stanfield, Yorkf. S. of Pontefraa. Stanford, Bedf. near Sovuhill. Stanford^ Berks, near Farringdon. Stunfotd,'Cht fliirc, between Delamere-Furefc and Chefter. Stanford, Kent, N\V. of Hithe. Stan- ford, Norfolk, near Lang ford. Stanford, Northumberl. W. of Dunitaburg-CaflJe. Stanford, Nott. on the river Soar, oppo- fite to Loughborough. Stanford, Somerf, Stanford, Worcelterf. on the Teme, S, of Orleton. Stanford, Bijhop's, Heref". SE. of Bromyard. Stanford- Brilgr, Chefhirc, over the VVecver, S. of Nant.vich. Stan- ford Bridge, Kent, i,i:. ci Smar<-;en. Stanford-Bury, Bedfordf. neai' Stanford. Stanford-Dingby, Berks, near Theal, Stanford- Hall, Northamp. near Lutter- worth. Stanford-leHope, Eficx, between Oi-let and tlie TJiames. Stanford-Rivers, ElTex.near Ongar. Slangartickfide, Cumb* near Harelaw. Sianger, Cumberl. on the W. fide of Dcrwent Lake, in Crolihwaite parifli. Sanger, Cumb\. on the E. bank, of the Cocker, 3 miles above Cocker- mouth. Here is a fine fpa, little known, and not much reforted to. Stanhope, a town in Werefdale, Dur- haiT), 20 miles SSW. of Durham, and 264 N. by. W. of London. Market diluled. Stanhow, Norf. E. of Snetfham. Sta- nidelf, Warw. in the j)recin6>s of Wiine- cote. Stanigoi, Lincoinf". SE. of Market- Raifin. Staninfield, Suffolk, between Bury and Lavenham. Staninghall, Lancai'. ia Amoundernefs. Staninghall, Norfolk, be- tween Wurrted and Norwich.. Staningley, Yorkffiire, between Brailford and Lcals, Stank, Lancaf. between the Leven Sands and W.'dney Ifland. Stanii, Yorkfliire, NE. of Northallerton. Stani; Yorkfhire, near Leeds. Stanlake, Oxiordfliire, near Stanton-Harcourt. Stanley Leonard, a town in Glou- celterfhire, 4. miles SW. of Gloucelter, and 104 W. by N. of London. Market on Saturday. Sianlty, Clieftiire, SW. of Frodfliam. Stanley, ChtOiire, near Hooton. Stanley, Derb. N. of Bollbver. Stanley, Lane. N. of Cartmel. Stanley, Staffordl. S. of Chea- dk. Statdey, Warwickf. near Coventry, S s 4. Stanley, S T A Slar.ley, Wcftm. NW. of Kendal. Stan- /'•>', Wilts, VV.ot C.i.nc. Stanley, Yorkl. near Wakcfakl. Stanliy Grange, Dcrbyf. near M-nlcy. Stanley, Kings, Gloiiccf. 3 miles SW. of Stroud. Stanley, North, Voikl". N. ot Ripley. S.aniey Ponteage, CtIouccIKtI". by Winchconib. Stanley- Pontlarch, CJIoticef. in Toiidlngton p.i- n(h. Stanley's End, Gloucel". in ti)e pa- JJlh of King's-Staniey. Stanhiv, Staff. E. of Knipperllev. Stttnmore, Great, Micltll. 10 miles NW. of London. Stan- morcCoinrnon, on a hill, is fo very ele- vated, tli.it Ibme liigh trees here are a landmark from the German Oce'in. San- more. Little, or IVhitchurch, Mit'.dUlex, rear Edgtware. Slanmore Round Houfe, Middlefex, between Stanmore and Biifhy- HcMth. Stanney, Great and Little. 3 miles from Chclter. Stannington, North- umb. bv Wlialton. Stannington, Yoikl". VV. Riding, in Ecclesfield parifli. Stan- nog, H.tn's, near Titchfield-Bay. Stan- f'.t, K.nt, near Duiford. Stanjly, Derb. S£. oi Cheftufield. Stanjhy, Yorklhire, 2 miles (roni Stockion-upoii-Tces. Sttins- f.eld, Stirtolk, N. ot Clare. Sianjgar.h, or Stain/acre, Yorkf. S. of Whitby^ Sta)'!'- gate, EiTex, in Stepie parifh. S'a.iipaiv, Gloucef'. ill the panih of Yate. Stanjhope, Jiiaffordl'. 4 miles from Afhburn. Stun- jlid, Kent, NW. of Hithe. Stanjled, Kent, z miles NW. of Wrothain. Strn- jled. SiitFolk, near Melford. Stanjled-Ah- I'ots, Herts, on the Lea, S. of Eaiiwick. Stanjhd-Bury, Herts, near Stanlted- Ab- bots. Stanfied forefl and Park, S-.tfTex, near Raaon. Statijied-Montjicbet, Elfex, near Biiclianger. Starijhd- Street, ElFcx, near Stanfted-Montfichct. Stanjied Thele, Herts, NE. of Hodldon. Sianfivood, Hants, in the New ForeiK Stanthorn, Cheihire. NW, of Middlewich. Stantnry, Cimbridgeftiire, near Ely. Stanton, a town in Llncolnfiiire, 16 miles ENE. of Lincoln, and iso N. of London. Market on Monday. Stantoi:, Derbyl'. near the Trent, S. of Burton. Stanton, Dtrb. W. of Kegwortli. Stanton, DcrbyC. between Dill and the ri- ver Erwafli. Stanton, Hereiordl". on the Alio, NW. of Pembridge. Stanton, Line if. SE. of Dilton. Sh?iton, N.irth- iimb. NW. of Morpeth. Stanton, Notr. rear Newark. Stanton, ShropC. VV. of Albriglrun. Stunton, Shropiliire, E of Wem. S anion, Siirupf. NE. of BiHsop's- Cartlc. Stanton, S^.tiordf. near Wotton- under Weever. Stantcn Wilt.'hire, near Highworth. Star.ton, Wilts, riearBdhop's- Canings. Stanton, Woicei". near Ridmer- ley. Stanton^ or Stanntov, GJoucelterf, 7 S T A iniles SW. of Campden. Stanton, or Staunton, Gloiicd. z miles W. ol Col- ford. Stanton, All- Saints, and St. JoanSi Suffolk, NE. ot Ixworth. Stanton. Bru- denel, LeicefterC. 4. miles from Maiket- Bjf.vorth. Slantonhury Hall, Bucks, near Stony- Stratfonl. Stnnton-Chavel, Monm. on the river Horhny. Stanton Drevj, Somerfetf. on the river Chue, which runs into the Avon between Bath and Brilloi. Here is a monument relcmbling Stone- henge, confilling of a circle of ftones 5 or 6 feet high ; the diameter of the circle is 90 paces. Stanion Penny, Huntf. SW. of St. Ives. Stanton-Ga'/ricl, Done; (hire, on the coaft, E. of Lime. Stanton-Hall^ Northnmb. NW. of Morpeth. Stanton- Har court, 6 miles VV. ot Oxford. Stan- ton-Harold, Leicef. 2 miles N. of Artiby- de-l,H Zuucli. Stanton in the-Hole, Line, NE. of Maiket-Raifm. Stanton in the- Stones, Derhvf. in the High Peak. Stan- ton, King's. Devonf, near Newton Bulliel. Stantoa-La.y, Shiopf. on the Corve, N. of Ludlow. Stanton, Long, 8 iniies from Cambridge. Sta/iton, Long, Shropfliire, NW. of Prior'sDitton. Stanton- on-tbe- //W/./, N :ilcs tiom Leicedcr. Stnple- to/i, SojTierrftrnire, near M irtock. S.aple- ion, yorkflme, SVV. of Darlington. Sta- pleion, York'iiirc, near Ponftiia6l. Stap- iey-Beacoii, Sulicx, E. of Rothei bridge. Stara Rusa, a town ot Ny.yogurod, Kii/Tia, S. ot L^ike Ihiien. Stiirhorronv, Kenr, SVV. of Penflierft. Starl'orton, York!, W. RiJInor. between Langrtrctlidale :in;l Nctherdaie. Starburgh, ijiury, E. of Crowherlt. Starch Gree'u, MIddlel'cx, between Shtpherd's Bidh and Afton. Sta-i\ton, W.uwickihire, near Stoiiely. Stargard, a town of Pruflian Pome- rclia, 20 niilcs S. of Dantzick. Stargard, a town of M cklenburg. Stargard, a town (-f Upper S.ixony, capital of Hiniier Pumerania, with a col- lege, good woollen mannlaiflures, and a confiJerable trade. It is li-ated on the ri- ver Ihna, >3 miles SE. of Stetin, and 74. NE. of Berlin. Lat. 53. 20. N. Ion. 14-. 18. E. Starjlon, Norfolk, N. of Harlefton. .S/^r/w/, Gloiiceiferl'. W. of Cheltenham. St.'vrt-Point, a proniontory of De- yonniire, in the Englilh Channel, 14. miles S. by W. of Dartmouth. Lat. 50. 9. N. Ion. 3. 46. W, Staten Island, an ifland of N. America, which forms (he county of Richmond, in the (fate of New York. It is about 18 miles in leni^th, and 6 in it's mean hreudth, and contains upward of 3000 inhaliitants : in general the land is rough, and rhe lulls high. Richmond is the only town of note. It is 9 niileti SSVV- of the city of New York. Staten Land, h barren, craggv iiland Jying on the SE. lide of Terra del Fiiego, herwecn which and tiiis iiland are the Straits of Le Maire. Lat. 55. S. StatJoU, SiatF. W. of Tame and Tin- more. Stalhe, Somerletf. on the Pirret, W. of Lingfoid. Sta hes, Yorklhire, N'vV. of Whitby. Stathorn, Leicelttr- ilure, N. of Waltham on-the- Would. Stato-degli-Presidii. S.-e Prf- Sl'4T0 D£I.LA ChIESA, OV StATI'S i S T E OF THE Church. See Pope, Domi- nions OF THE. Stavanger, a lea-port of Chriftian- land, Norway, 75 miles S. ot Btrgen. Staubbach, a famous citaiait near Lauleibrunnen, in Bern, Swill'erland, whicli rullies down a precipice 930 Icet high. Stavelo. S e Stablo. Sui'vely, D.rbyduie, SE. of Dronfield. Sta'vdy, Wcltmorland, N W. of Kendal, Sta'vcrdaU, SomerfctfhiiT. Stm veren, a Ira port in \V. Friefland, formerly a confiderable town, but now much decayed, the harbour being choked up wi;h land. It was anciently the rcli- dence of the kings of Sr.iveren, or Frief- land, and is I'eated on the Znydtr-Zee, S miles W. of Slooten. Sta"jerton, Devoni. between Broad and Little Htmplton. Staijerton, Devonf. 5 miles from Totnefs. SiU-verlon, Glouccl. 4 miles W. of Ciieltenham. Sta^trton, Northaujp. W. of Daventiy. Sta-vrrton, Wilts, on the Avon, 1 miles from Brad- fonl and Tiowbridge. S'aughlon, Surrv, NW. of GuiUbt-d. StaunJon, Staff. W. cf Swinncrton. Staunton, Gloucef. N. of Winchcomb. Staive/, Dorfetl'. a mile SE. of Ncther-Coinpton. StavJry, So- mcrletfliire, S W. of Milverton. Siaxtoriy Yorki". near Pickering Forelt and Harford river. Steanbridge, Gloucelttri'. in Painl- wick parish. SteanWidge, G^ouc. a ham- let to Bidey. Steanbridge Glouc. in the parilh of Sroud. Steanjbrd, Notiiiighaini'. on the Trent, near it's entrance into the county. Stt'bbing, ElTex, NE. of Dun- mow. StedeSf Berks, S. of tlie Ktnncr. almod oppofue to Theal. Stedham, Sul- fex, near Wolbeding. Stit:!, Northum- berland, E. of Billingham. Stefl, Shrop- fliiie, S. of Whitchurch. Steel, Bfidge and Crofs, SuHex, NW. of Rothcrrield. Steenberg, a fmall town of Dutch B'.ibant, 5 miles N. of Bergen-op-Zoom. Steenkiriv, a village of Hainault, fa- mous for a battle fought here, July 14th i6gi, between the confederates, under William III. king ot England, and the French, under the Duke of Luxemburg, in which the latter were vi^oriou!,. The allies, who weie the afladants, loll about 7000 men, incUnling the Earl ot Angus, General Mackay, Sii' John Laniei, Sir Robert Douglas, and otlier gallant o(fi. cers. The French lolf 3000 men, among whom were the Prince ot Turcnne. the Maiquis de B,:llerund$, Ferm:i(jon. Tdla- det, and other officers ot rank and merit. Tne Dnke of Charrrcs, then in his 15th year j Lyuis de Buarbon, grand nephew of S T E of th« great Con:l£; and Arnaud, prince ol Conti, were in the French army It i$ 13 n>iies N. of Mons. Steenwick, a town of OvrryfTd. Steep, Himpfliire, N. of Perersfitld. S'tepholm, SoiiiLrl'. ;m iflaml in the Briftol Channel, uixltr Qirmtock-Hills. Steeple, D.)rletftiii'f, in I'ui hcrk Ifle, j irilrs from Corft. Stcifle-Apuon, Soiiieif. Steeple- Eurlw, Oxfordi". ruar Woodftock. Stee- ple Lcafc, Dorfctniire, W. of S'eeple. STEGtnuno. a town of E. Gothland, felted f>\\ the Rtliic, Nwjth a Onall commo- dious hrubour. Stein, a iinall, independent town of SwiirerUnd, under the protection of the canton of Zmich, i5niile8 W.ot Coiiliance. STflNBACH, a town of Bidcn, Saabia. Steinheiw, a town of Mcntz. Stellen'BOsch, a town and diftri*^ in thi« lertlcmt-iit of the Cape of Good Hope, i'.Tjned in ij-jo. The town contains abour)i-Hill,ECk)t, a mile W. of Saffron-Walden. Sternberg, atown in theNewMarche, Brandenb iror, 24 miles SE. of Cuftrim. Sterejhy, Yorkl". SW. of Hovingham. Sterndale, Earl's, Derbyiliire, in the High Peak. Sterr.Jale, King's, Derliyf. in Hart- ington parifh. Sterr.f.eld, Suffolk, near Sixmundham. Stcrtfoint, Somerletftiire, W. of Bridgewater-Bay. SxERTZiNGEN, a town in the TircJ, with a nii>nufa«Sloiy of fword blades. .Stettin, a fea ;i )rt town of Upper Saxony, capitsl of Fruffian Ponieiania. It had long a famous Ithool, which the wars of Germany never difturbed, and is now a f;ouri(liing place for trade ami mar mifadures. It has rdfo a dock for build- ing of fliips, and is well fortified. Tiie inhabitants are about zo,ooo. It is feat- ed on the river Oder, 70 miles N. by E. of Berlin. Lat. 53. 55. N. Ion. 14. 8. E. Stettix, a duchy of Prufli.in Pomera- vnA, 125 miles in length, and from 17 to 25 in breadth; divided by the livcr Oder into two parts. Steton. YorkOiire, NW. of Keighley. Steton, Yorkfhire, SE. of Skipton. •Stevenage, a town of Hertfordfhire, li miles N. of Hertford, and 31 N. of London. Market difufed. Stei'enfcn, Beiks, NW. of Wantage. Ste-ve>jJ}on, Devonfhire, near Great Tor- rington. Stevesswaert, or Fort St. Eti- en.se, a fortrefs of Dutch Guelderland, Seated on the E. fide of the river Macfe, over wlvich there is an important pallage at this place. In 1702, it was befieged by the allies, under the Duke of Marlbo- rough, and taken after a ftiort rtliltance. The garrifon, with 2 pieces of cannon, w.^s conduced to Namur. In 171 5, it w.is ceded to tlie Spates General by the barrier treaty. It is 7 miles SSW. of Rui=emonde. Stezvard's, ElTex, in Rumford parifh. STcW.xrt's 1sl<»nds, five illands in the S. Pacific Ocean, ditcovertd by Cap- tain Hunter> in i7yt, and named l>y him S T I in honour of Admiral Keith Stewart. Lar. 8. i6 S. Ion. i6-j. i2. E. Ste-.var'flozvn in Tyrone, Ulfter. Stewarts Town, a town in Ayr- (hir:.- Sco'land. The inhabitants are abou' iSoo, a.nong whom are about 120 weavers. Here is alfo a mamifaftory of bonnets an I Quebec caps. Steynborough, Ifle of Wight, in Eaft Medina. *St£YNING, a borough of Siiflcx. 15 miles W. oF Lewes, and 51 S. by W. of London. The I'mall church here is a cu- rinus, and moft complete Norman built ftru6lurr, with Norman round zig zag arches, Norman round headed, Imall win- dows, and the roof, or vaulting, not of ftone, but rafter. Markets on Wednefday, and on ths I'econd Wednelday in every month for cattle. Fairs on June i;th, September 19th, and Odlober loth. The Michaelmas fair is vrry confidcrable for Welih and other cattle, (beep, h-jri'es, hogs, wheat, feed, &c. and the others are piettv large. Steyr, or Steyre, a town In the archduchy of Auftria, with maniifadures of iron \\\\ rteel, 44 miles SE. oi Paliau. Stibard, Norfolk, near Fakenham. Sti- hi/iton, H'mtf. on the borders ot Noith- amp. Stkhal, or Stit'ickal, Warw. near Coventry. Stichbrook S'aftordl. near Lich- field. Stickford; Lmcolnf. SE. of Bul- lingbrook. Stickford, Warw. by Cdile- Brorawich, Stickiand, Doiletf. SW. of Blandford. Sticknry, Lincolnf. between Wildmore and E;ilt Fens. Stid, on the Dove, SW. of Derby. Stidcot, Gloucef. in Titherington pari(h. Stafford Clay, Elfcx, a mile and a half from Gr^yes, E. of Aveley. Stifkey, St. Johns antl St. Mary's, Norfolk, E. of Wells. Stile- bridge, Kent, NW. of Stapleherft. Stigliano, a town of Bafilicata, Na- ples, famous for it's baths. Stillingfleet . on the Oule. S. of York. Stiltington, Lincolnfliire, S. of Grantham. Stiilington, 7 miles from York. Stillorgan, in Dublin, Leinfter. * Stilton, Huntingdonfliire, SW. of Yaxley. It is noted for it's cheefe, fome- times called Engiifli Parmefan, and is 75 miles from London. Stincbcornb, Gloiicefterf. 2 miles W. of Durfley, Stinford, Dorfetf. a mile NE. of Dorchefter. Stiperden, Yorkf. SW. of Heptenftall. StiperLy-Park, Chcfhire, near Lime-Park. Stiperfiill, Warwick- /hire, near Polefworih. Siipperjhne-Hill, Shropfhire, NE. of Chi; bury. Stiria, a duchy of Aullria, N. of Camiola, and E. of Carinthia, divided S T R into Upper and Lower. Upper Stiria I« about no miles in length, and from « 5 to 45 in breadth ; Judenhurg is tiie capi- tal. Lower Stiria is to miles in length, and 48 in breadth; Gralz is tlie. capital. Though a mountainous country, the in- habitants raife great quantities of corn; and here are mines of iron, which have been woiked thele thoufand years. The inhabitants of Cllley are Wends, and Ipeak the Wendifh language. Stirling, a town of Scotland, the ca- pital ot Stirlingfliire. It is featcd on the S fide of the Fi ith of Forth, on a hill, which, riling from the E. terminates abruptly in a fteep rock. On ti;is rock ii an ancitnt caltle, which was often the re- fidence of the kings of Scotland. The outiide of the pilace, which is now con- verted into barracks, is cui ioully encircled with various grotefque figures. Frotn the cadle is a fine view of the v/indings of the Forth, which are fo numerous, that ihc diffance from Stirling to Alloa is above 20 miles by water, although only 4 by land. The church of Stirling is a mag- nificent Gothic liruif ure, which lerves for two leparate places of worfhip. In this town and it's neighbourhood, are uunu- faffures of carpets, coaric ftia'.loons, and cottons ; that of t;ntars, formerly pretty flourifliing, is on the decline. Stirling is comniodioully featcd, being a pal's between the N. and S. parts of Scotland. It is 30 miles NVV. of Edinburgh. Stirlingshirh, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. and NE. by Pirthfliite, and Clackmannanfhire ; on the E. by the Fiith of Forth, and the county of Linlith- gow ; on the S. by Lancrkfh.'re; and on the W. by Dumbartonfliire. The pi inci- pal rivers are the For'h, Carron, and Avon, belides which, the new canal iiom Glaf- gow runs through this county to the Car- ron-mouth. It is about 36 miles in length, and in it's greatcft breadth not more ih:,n 13. The principal towns are Stirling and Falkirk. Stirrop, NottinghamOiire, W. of Blithe. Stirtbill, Upper and Loiver, Dorictfhire, in the chapelry of Shipton. Stirtu-itb, Durham, N. of Egglclton. StiRUM, a town of Berg, Weftplialia, Stiravood, Rutlandf. W. of Uppingham. Stijled, Hall, Efftx, near Braii\tree. Stit, Shropfliire, NE. of Stipperlfone's-Hill. Stitchzmrth, 10 miles from Ctmbridge, Slithiaus, Cornwall, NE. of Hellion. Stilnam, Yorkfhire, near Bulmer. Stohf- ivood, Northumberland, near Widdring- ton-Caftle. SrOL Ht.vj, a town of Liege, feated on s r o •n tilt Maefc, 13 milts SSW. of Riirc- mondr. Sfod', Glouccf. in Lift!eton-upon-Sc- vcrn. Stock, ali;is Her-iverJ Stock, Elicx, between ChtrlmstoH anti Billeiicay. StOCKAC!!, in NellcnlMirg, Suabia. * SrocKnRtncE.a townrf Hin>pfhire, ty ini'es NW. of Wincheftcr, and 67 VV. by S. of LonJon. Muke on Tliuililay. Fniison Holy Thnrkiay, July lotli, and Oihjl;er yih, tor all cattle, cipecially (lieep. Sto-k.''ri./c^f. Weftir.ori. iri Barton parifh. Stock/'ridge^ YiiTk(hWe, W.Riding, near Jirannvjih Ferry. Stockl'ury, Kent, 4 nvlcs SW. of Milton. Stock Common, Eflex, E. of Ingatelfone. Stockd Yorkf. W. of Wethtrhy. Stocket, or Stocks, Sliropl. near Ellcfmere. Stock Hall, Eilcx, near Matching. Stockhain, Chelhirc, N. of Rofkfavagf. Stockba.'^t, Nottingham- {hire, NE. of the Markliarns. Stockholm, the capital of S.vcden, in a fituation remarkable tor it's romantic fcenery. It is built on leven rocky iflands, from one of which the city takes it's name. Between thefe a communication is formed by 1 1 biiil9;es. A variety of contrafted and beautiful views are formed by numerous rocks of granite, rifnig boldly from the lurface of the water, partly bare and crag- gy, and ])anly dottcii with houfes, or fea- thered with wi-od. Thii harbour is an in- kt of the Baltic: the water is of fuch r. on the Trent, by Newark. Sijke, Sliropfliire, between Nevvpjrt and Whitcliorch. Stoke, Shropfliire, between Ludlow and Tenbury. Stoke, Soincrlctr. E. of Bridgewater. Stoke, Somerfetl'. near Wincaunton. Stoke, Sninerfctf. between Bath and Bradford. Stoke, Suffolk, near Clare. Stoke, Surry, near Guiltord. Stoke, Suficx, NVV. of Chichcfter. Stoke, M'arwickf. E. of Coventry. Stoke, Wilts, W. of Bradford. Stoke, Wilts, E. of Sa- vernoke-Foreft. Stoke Albany, Northamp. in the precin6ts ol ^ockmgham-Forelt. Stoke- Anher, ox Stoke-Orchard, Gloucef. in Bi/liop's Cleve, parifh. Stoke Ajh, Suf- folk, near Thwayt. Stoke- Bc.rdolph,¥.. of Nottingham, by the Trent. Stoke Be- •vern Nortliamp. between Towceiler and Northampton. Sioke-Bi/Ijops, GloucelterJ", near Brilfol. Stoke Bijhops, Hants, W. of Bifhop's Waltiiani. Stoke Blip, Heref. near ihe Sipys. Stake-Bridge, Wdhnorl. S. of Penrith. Stoke lyiyaLon, Staffordl". SE. of Stone. Stoke- Canon, Dcvonf. near Piiihoe. Stoke Cnftle, Shropihire, N W. of Ludiow. Stoke-Chrity, Hants, E. of Bar- ton-Stacy. S:oke-Church, Devonlhire, S. of Chard. Stoke CUinJland, Cornwall, 3 mile-; from Cnllington. Sloke-Dalberon, Diuwrn, or Da'ternon, Surry, between Cob- ham and Fetcham. Stoke-Dale, Nurih- amptonf. near Oundle. Stoke Damarel, Devonf. 2 miles N. of Plymouth. It lies along tlie harbour of Hamoaze, and con- tains the royal docks, &c. to which it owes it\s population and extent. Stoke, Dry, Rutlandl. near Uppingham, Stoke, Earl, Wil's, W. ot the Lavinu;tons. Stoke-Edtth, NE. of Hereford. Stoke- Flemifig, Devonf. near Dartmouth. Stoke- ford, Durltrtfliire, a hamlet to Eaft- Stoke. Sioke -Gabriel, Devonf. near Bury-Pome- roy. Stoke-Galliard, Dorfctfhire, W. of Stourminlter. Sioke-Gaylard, Dorl'elf. 3 miles N. of Pulham. Stoke Giffard, Glou- cellerfliire, W. of Pucklcchurch. Sloke, Great, Little, and Harris, are hamlets of this parKh. Stoke-Giffard, or Rodney- Stoke, Somerfetl. between Wells and Ax- bridge. Stoke Goldington, Bucks, SW. of Oulney. Stoke-Goiding, or Mansfield, Leicefterfhire, in Hinckley parifh. Stokegomer, atownof Somerfetfiiire, 12 miles NW. of Taunton, and 152 W. by S. of London. Market difufed. Stoke Green, Berkfhirc, near W^ndfor. S T O Sfoke Gregory, Somerfetl'. N. of Currv^ Mailer. Stoke'Gurcy, Somerfetf. N. of Stowey. Stoke-HcJl, Cht/lure, near Stan- ney. Stoke-tjlall, D^rbylhire, in the High Peak. Stoke Hall, Eflex, near Althorn. Stoke-Hamond, Bucks, NE. of Window. Stoke Hill, NW. of Warwick. Stokc^ Lacey, Herel. S. of Bromyard. Stokelandy Someif. between Shiptcn Mallet and Bab- ington. Stokeland, Somerfetf. near Stokc- Gurcy. Stokeland Marjh, Somerfetf. be- tween the fiver Parret and the Brillij Channel. Stoke Liberty. EHex, S. of Har- wich, includes Thorp, Kirby, and Wal- ton. Stoke-Line, Oxfor\if. near Hardwick. Stoke Lodge, Gloucellerlhire, uearHorfidel. Stoke-Munde'ville, Bucks, S. of Ayief- bury. Stoke Mary, Somerfetlhire, SE. of Taunton . Stoken- Church . Oxford!'. N W. of Chipping-Wicomb. Stokenharn, De- vonf. NE. of Salcoinb- Haven : a well-fre- quenred fair on Good Friday. Stoie, North, H-impfnire, near Thorncy-Klaml. Stoke, North, Oxfordf. S. of Wallingfoni. Stoke, North, Somerlctf. between Landf- down and Swinf ird Mills; and Lock. Stoke, North, Salfcx, NE. of Arundel. Stoken- Tinhead, Devonf. E. of Newton-Bufhel. Stoke Orchurd, Gloucelterihire, near Cain. Sloke-Pero, Somerf. S. of Porlock. Stoke- or Stoke-Fo^es, Bucks, z miles N. of Ea- ton. Stoke-Priors, Worcef. S. of Bromf- grove. Sloke Ri'vers. Devonf. near Sher- well. Stoke Rozv, Oxfordf. S. of North Stoke. Stokerjicn, Leictf. near Hallaton. Stokefey, Sbroplhire, near Onybury. Stokes Bay, a bay in Hampftiire, S. of Gofport. Stokejty, Norfolk, E. of Accle. Stoke SLEY, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkdiire, conlifting chiefly ot one Itrret, about half a mile long. It is a few miles E. of y:.(rum, and 239 N. by W. of Lon- don. Mai ket on Saturday. A large fair for honied cattle, hiirfes, and linen, wn the Saturday before Triniiy-Sunday. Stoke, South, Lincolnf. near Grantham. Stoke, South, Oxford 1'. on the Thames, S- of Wallingfoni. Stoke, South, Somerfetf. near Combliay. Stoke, Stoney, or 'Trufler^ Somerfetf. 2 miles from Bruion. Stoke- Talmage, Oxfordl, SW. of Tame. Stoke- ton, Wilts, between Salifbury and War- niinlter. Stoke-under ■ Hnmden, Somerfetf. near Odcombe. Stoke-upon Trent, Staff. near Newcaftle-under-Line. Stoke -H'^ake, Dorfetfliire, SW. of Wolland. Stoke- n.i:ood, Dorfetlhire, 3 miles SE. of Yatc- minlter. Siokeley, Durham, in Branfpeth parifli. Stolberg, a town and county of Up- per Siixony, in Thuringia. Stolhove.v, S T O STOI.HOVEN, a town of Baden, in Sii.ihi^i. Sioi.PEN, a town of McilLn, Upper Sjxony. Slonaire, Kent, ne:ir Otiium. 'S tonally Upper \\\y\ Lorver, St.iriFoicl. Stonehaven, or Stonehive, 3 fi(h- ing-town of Kincardinefhire, with a good harbour fecured by a (tone pier. Near it i'5 a precipitous cliff, called Fowls Cleugh, which is remujV:iblf for tlve relbrt of the blrtis called kittiwake, tb.e yotmg.oi"-M'hich are eftcemed a great delicacy. Here is a mannfafturc ot canvafs, and Ibme trade in dried fifh oil. This oil is obtained chiefly irom the dogfilh, great quantities of which are caught on this coaft. Stonehaven is 1+ miles S. by W. of Aberdeen. Sio.NEHt.s-GE, fituatcd in Salifbury Plain, in a circular area of 4 or 5 miles diametvr, encompaffud by the fivtr Avon, S T O and other flreams. This antiquity ftands on the lummit of a hill, which riles with a very gentle afcent. At the riiftaiice of half a mile, it lias a (lately and augul^ ap- j)carance, and advancing; nearer, elpecially up the avenue on the NE. fide, where the remains arc molf perfect, it fills tlie eye in an aftoniHiing me.lure. Ii is encompalTtd With a circular ditch; after this is pafled, tlie't: is a fpace of 108 feet to the work it- felf, -vhich is 108 feet in diameter. It confills of feve:al It ;nes of enormous fize, placed upon one anoiher in a circular form : many of tliem are realty ftupcndous, and cannot fail of filling the beholder with furprile. The exterior circle, in it's per- fection, conlilted ot 60 ftoncs, 30 uprights, and 30 imp Its, of which 17 uprights are left itanding. About 8 feet from the in- fide of this outer circle is anotiier of 40 fmaller ftones, withfjut impofVs, forming, as it were, a circtil.ir portico. Of thele 19 are iefr, of which 11 only are ffanding. Beiules this outer portico, which is 300 feet in circumference, there is an inner one, which originaiiy compoled two-thirds of an oval. On the infide of this oval, there is a lefler one of 19 Itoncs, of a pyramidical form j thei'e are 2 feet 6 inches' in breadth, I foot and a half thick, and about 8 feet high, riling in height as they approach the upper end of the inclofure. The fpacc within it has been called the Adytum, or Sanflum SanSfonim, where it is fuppofed the prielts entered, to offer their facrifices on the altar at the upper end. This altar is compoftd of a kind of blue, coarfe mar- ble, 20 inches thick, 4 feet broad, and 16 feet in length. All the .tones added togc- gether, with which this whole temple was built, make ju(t 140, One ftone at the upper end, which is fallen down and broken in half, meafures, according to Dr. Hales, 25 feet in length, 7 in breadth, and at a medium 3 and a half in thickncfs. The ftones are fuppofed to be brought from the Grey Weathers, upon Marlbo- rough Downs, but the difHculty in bring- ing them hither, and elpecially in laying them one upon another, is inconceivable, as no mechanical powers now known, are fufficient to raife thofe that lie acrofs, to their prefent extraordinary fituation. Stonehenge is 2 roiles W. of Amefbury, and 6 NNW. of Salifbury. • Stone- Hill, Kent, in Wilmington parifh. Stone-Holm, Kent, in Dengy-Miiih. Stonehoufe, Glouctf. 4 miles W. of Stroud. Stonehoufe, E. and IV. Devonf. near Ply. v mouth. Stonelinck, Soffex, near Winchelica. Stonely, a town of Warwickfhire, near Coventry, with a^majJcet on Thurfday. Stone- Place, S T O Stove-Place, Kent, by Dartford. Sto- ner, Kelt, by Sandwich-Hnvcn. Stone- raife, Cuti.r.erland, in the parirti of Wtll- ward. Stom-Jl'y, Leicel'. E. of Walth:. /i- Would. Stonesfield, Oxfordf. near Bltn- lieim. Stoneftrcet, Kent, a Roman way, from the Hithes to Canterbury snd Srut- fall Caftle. Stone-Street, Surry, the old Roman caufey from Holmfdale to SuiTcx- Downs, through Dorking church-yard. Stone- 'f't?//, Suffolk, near Codenham. Sto- nej-Fcn, Camliridgcfhire, near Wifbeach. Stoneyfori, In Antrim, Ullkr. Slcuj- ford, in Meath, Lcinlkr. Stoney Morton, Worcefterf. near Inkbo- rough. Stonihurji, L^nextl". near Wlialey. Sionland Houfe, isuflcx, near Buckhurlf. Stanley, Huiiiingdonf. E. of Kimbolton. Stanley, Wiltfliire, S. of Clarendon Park. ^W;7or, Oxford!'. E.ofWallingford. Stony- Stanton, Leicef. SE. of Hinckley. Stuf'cj- ley, Bedfordfliire, in Luton parifli. Stop- ham, SiiQex, E. of Petworth. Store-Point, Devonlhire, E. of Exmonrh. Storeton, Great and Little, Chefhirc, between the Dec and Mcri'ty. Stormaria, aprlncipallty of Holflcin, 12 miles in lei.jjtn, and 8 in breadth, Hamburgh is the capital. Storjjaway, a growing, floiirifhing town of Scotland, capital of the Ifle of Lewis, on the E. coad, with a harbour f'^fe, fpacions, and eafy of accefs. The Stornaway fifhernien are famous for fltcir indullry and affivlty, Lat. 5IJ. 24. N, Stoiirington, a town ot S.ifTex, near Parham. Mirket on VVednefday. Starrs, or Storih'j-Hi.;ll, Yoikfliire, near Alrnondbury. Stortford. SeeBisHOp's-SroRT- roRD. Stanbv.'ood, Yorkf. SW. of Pockling- ton. SiotJield,D\xl:iys, trivems, mnfichoufes, toys, piij)p.'i r. in Winterboiun pniifh. Stourmoulh, Kent, 4. miles NW. ot' Sinilwich. Stourjort, Woicel. 4 miles S. ot Kidderminlttr, near the moiitli of the Stonr. Here alio a navigable canal empties itIcU into the Sevtrn. Stoiirpro- hjofl, Durlerf. 4. miles SW. ot Shatirbury, i'/OMr/o//, W.11W. SE. of Bniler. Stour- tonCmidal, fee CaitJed-S.ourton. S tour- ton, Wilts, or Stour-Hcad, near Hindon. Stow-on theVVould, a town of Gloucelteilhiie, ftated on a bleak hill, de- ftitiite of both wood and water. It is 1 1 miles SSE. of Camden, and 77 W. by N. of London. Mirket on Thurftiay. The fairs, on May izth and 0-i'tober a+tii, have long been famous for hops, cliecfe, and ftcpp. Stoiv, magnificent gardens, a miles KW. ot Buckingham. Sto^v, Cornwall, in the Briffol Channel, below Hartland. I'.o-JJ, Hunangdonf. NE. of Kimbolton. Ztoiv, Monmouthiliire. Sto-iv, Lincohif. % mile E. of Fokingham. Stoi.':, between Lincoln and Ciinlborough, Stovj, Line, near Market- D^epirg. StoiM, Noithamp. near Weedcii-Bcck. Sto-M, Snropf. W. of Brmnpion-Bi ian. Sto-M, NE. or Staf- foid. Stozu-Bardolph, Norfolk, NE. of Downham. .f^/oic-^i'ri'^w, Norfolk, between Watton and Hai -iiig, Stoi.vborough, Dor- fetfoire, adjoining Waieham. Sio-xuell, Gloucpf. on the Coin, near Northleach. StoiveH, Somerfetf. near Milhoiirn Port. ^to-zvell, So'Vierietf. in Morlinch paiifh. .VOitrr, Etijionjtr and U^ejh'ver, Doifet- ihire, SW. of Shaftfbury, on oppofite iides of the Stour. Sto-ijuer Pain, Dorl'etfhirv-, rear Biandford. Stovvey, Nether, a town of Somer- fcilhire, 12 miles N. ot Taunton, and 1+5 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuef- «Jay. Sto-ivey, or Sioivley, Upper and Nether, Somerf, between Soke-Guerfey and Stuke- Gomer. Stoziford, Dcvonf. between the river<; Lid and Thriithel. Sto~Mghton, Sur- ry, NW. of Guilford. Sioz<.ick, Glouccf. a hamlet to Henbury parith. Stoiu-Lcvrg. toft, Suffolk, near Ixworth. Stozv, Long, Cambridgef. near the Granfdens. Stox don. Muket on Thurlday. .SV(3iv-ii^«.', Cimhridgel'.'SW. of New- market. Sto-iuting, Kent, 3 miles and a hall SW. of EUiiam, h^.d formerly a mar- ket. Stoiuton', Woiceftirfhiie, NW. of P.erflioic. Stoxfield, Northumbtiland, on the Tyne, SW. of Prido Calile. "Strabane, a populous town ot Ty- rone, in Ullter. ft ated on the river Mourne, 101 miles NNW.of Dublin. Stradbrook, butfolk, 5 miles from Har- lefton. Stradei.la, a town of Pavla. *Str ADD ALLY, a town of Queen's County, in Leinlter, 38 miUs from Dublin. Stradbnlly, in Water! ord, Mur.ltcr, Slradone, in C^van, Ullter. tSlradfet, Norfolk, NE. of Downham. StradfhiU, Suffolk, near Great and Little Bradley. Strafford, Yorkthire, between Doncaltcrand Rotheram. Straford, Dor- fetfhire, E. of Dv^rchelfer. Stragona, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Straid, In Antrim, Ulfter. StraLEN, in Prudian Guelderland. Stralsund, a fea-poit of Upper Sax- ony, capital of Svvedifli Pomerani?.. It is l"o furrounded by the lea, that it is only acccfTible by bridges, and has befides very' good fortifications. The harbour is icpa- rated from the Ifle of Rugen by a narrow ttrait. Ir is the reiidence oF the king's governor-general, and the place where the war-office is kept, and the Itates hold, their meetings. It is 40 miles NE. of Guftrow» Lat. 54. 17. N. Ion. 13. 2S. E. Strajtiore Inn, in Tyrone, Ullter. Sframjliall, StafFordfhire, on the Taine Water, N. ot Uttoxeter. Strand, in Donegal, Ulfter. Strand- koufe Inn, in Sligo, Connaught. Strand Green, Middl. by the Thames, between Cliifwick and Brentford. *Strangford, a iVa- port of Ireland, in the county ot Down, lea ted on the W. of the narrow entrance of Lough Srrang- ford, 7 miles NNE. of Down, and 80 N. of Dublin. Strangford, Lough. S^e Lough Strangford. ,Strangroujid, Huntingdonfhire, S. of Peterborough. Sirangivard, Hereford- fliire, W. of Pembridge. Strangzves, Lancaftiire, near Manchelter. Stranmore, in Down, Ulfter, near Ma- nallen. Stranocum, in Antrim, Ulfter* Stranoriane, in Donegal, Ulfter. Str an rawer, a borough of Wigton- Ihire, in Scotland, fituated on Loch Ryan, with a manufadure of linens. It has a haibour, S T R harbour, to which belong above 200 coafters and herring veflcls, ot" 100 tons each ; fome vcflels ol" a larger burden lail to the Baltic and Norway, tor deals, iron, &c. The inhabitants are upwards of 1600. It is 8 tniics W. ot Glcniuce. Slranton, Durham, S. ot Hartlc^pool. Stranygore, in Down, Ulftcr. What is commonly called the tide ot Stranygore, is occafioned by the flood-ride coming in from the north, and meetiivg with an in- tercepting tide from the Bsy of ' Carrick- fergus. Strasberg, a townoi Srolberg, Upper Saxony. Strasburg, a ci'y of France, capital of the department ot Lower Rhine. It is iituated near tlie Rhine, and the river 111 runs through it, over which there are 8 bridges of communication. The bridge over the Rhine is of wood, and 3900 feet in length. The inhnnitaiirs, exclufive of the garrifon, are computed to l)e 60,000. Here are 6 gates, and 200 ftieets, vviiich, in general, are narrow; but the great ftreet, and two others, are reg'.iiar and handfome ; and the public buildings are elegant. In the cathedral is a clock, of admirable niechnnifm, which (hews the motions of the conftellations, the nrvolu- tions of the I'tm and moon, the days of the week, the hours, &c. Another curiofity in this cathedral is it's pyramidical tower, uniting, in it's workmanthip, delicacy with folidity. Sirafburg was formerly an imperial city, but was taken by Louis XIV, in 1682, and it's fortifications much aug- mented by Vauban. In one of tiie feven Lutheran churches, is a fuperb maulb- leiim of white marble, ercfted to the me- mory of Mairtial Saxe. It is 549 feet high, and is afcended by 635 fteps. It is 255 miles E. of Paris. Lar. 4.S. 35. N. Ion. 7. 51. E. StratfieU Mortimer, Berkfliire, SW. of Swallowfield. Stratfield Say, Hamplhire, NW, of Hartley Row. Stratford, a town ofWicklow, in Leinfter, fented on the river Slaney, 26 miles from Dublin. Stratford, a coniiderable village of Ef- fex, feparated from Bow in Middielcx, by the river Lea, over whicli is a bridge, faid to be the nioft ancient ftone one in Eng- land, having been built by Maud, wife of Henry I. It is in the paridi of Weft- Ham, 4. miles ENE. of .London. * Stratford, Fennv, a town of Buckinghamfliire, 12 miles E. of Buck- ingltam, and 45 NW. of London. Mar- kct on Monday. Stratford, Old, North:.mp. on the Oufe, S T R oppofite to Stony Siratford. Stratford* Old, Warw. near Lapworth. S.ratfai'd St. Audre-iuf. Suffolk, SW. of S.ixmund- ham. Stratford, St. Mary's, a conhder- able village ot Suffolk, near Dedliani, which has a (hare in the woollen manufac- ture. Stratford, Stony, a town of Buck- in.ghamfhire, with a trade in lace-making. It is lisated on the river Oufe, on the Ro- man highway, called Watling-ftreet, 6 miles NW. of Fenny- Stratford, and 52 NW. ot London. Market on Friday. *Stratford-on-Avon, a town of Warwickililre, I'eated on the river Avon, which is navigable up to the town in barges. It is chiefly noted as the birth- place of Sliakel'peare, whole monument Itands near the furthcrmoft corner of the church. The chief trade is in corn and mal:. It is 8 miles SW. of Warwick, and 94 NW. of London. Market on Thuii'day. Stratford, -Tony, Wilts, SW. of Sarum. Stratford Water, near Buckingham. Strathavon', a town and fertile little tra6l of Lanerkfhire, S. of Hamilton. Stxatkearn, a tine valeof Perthfhlre, in Scotland, fcreened on the N. by the Grampian mountains, and on the S. by the Ochills. It contains a great number of villas. See Earn. Strathmore, an extenfive valley of Kincaidiiiefhire, and one of the fineft trails in Scotland. It begins near Stonehaven, and extends SW. almoft as far as Benlo- mond in Stirlingfhire. Strathmore, a river of Sutherlandfhire, that falls into Loch Hope. Strathnaver, a diltrifl of Suther- landfnire, in Scotland, which compriles the whole NE. part cf that county. It takes it's name from the river Naver. Strathspey, an extenlive valley of Muiraydiire, giving name to a very ftiik- ing and popular Ipecies of Scotch mulic. Strathy, a river on the N. coaft of Su- the;laiul(hire, whicli runs into the lea, near a promontory 10 which it gives name. Stratton, a town of Cornwall, 1% miles NV/. of Launcefion, and 221 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuclday. Stratto'v, Bedford!', ne.ir Bigglefwade. Stratton, Dcrletf. near Frampton. Strai- ton, Glouceffcrf. a mile from Ciienccller. Stratton, Gloucef. E. of Camden. Strat- ton, Norfolk, S. of Alefham. Stratton^ S'allordl'. near Woiveihampton. Stratton Audley, Oxfordf. N. cf Bicefter. Stratton, E. and If. Hants, SW. of the Cardjvers- Stratton, Margarets, Wilts, near Swindon. Stratton Marj and Mille, Norfolk, SW. of T t th« S T R Ihc S:ixliiiglnnis. Sli-titlon-on.the-PoJfe^, Somciicilhiic, neai Kilmeifcion. Stratiott Over, Somfr(cilhia-, near Soutli Pethertoii. StrattonOvrr,VJi\\'i, SW. olHigliwortli. Straubing, a town ol }? ivaiia, on the D.imibe, 21 miles SK. of Kiti(bon. Stra-vert Ptel, Ni'rtlr.imtieil. S. of Belt- ingliiim. Straiv/'trry Ihll, Middl. near Twickeiihani, on the Tharnis, reprefents an ancient abbt-y, Infe thj ftit ot Horace Wiilpole, Lord Oifdid. Straivlon, Lin- cohii. S. ot Ginnthair. S/reUkUj, Shro})f. Sii. ot Wellington. Streit, ScuncrlVtr. E. of Ghilonhury. i'/rf^'/, SoimiTetf. SW. of Gln|{onl)\iiy. Street, Soiiierfctf. ntar Ford Abbey, Dcvonfliire. Sircet, Suir>.-)c, SK. of DiChling. Street, Wilt(hiie, near Ui.vizes. Streethey, Staffordi". near Lich- field. Streethorp, Vorkf. ntir Doncsfter. Street Houfes and Street Lane, Yoikfliirc, near Leeds. Streghthorp, Lincdlnfhire, SE. of Beckinghiiin. Stremtz, u to'.vn of Mecklenb'irg, Lower Saxony, giving name to a branch of the lioiife of Mecklenburg. Strelly, NW. of Nottingham. Strengnas, a town of Sweden, in Siidennania, with a celebrated gymnalium. If is feated on the lake Macler, 30 miles W. of Stockholm. Strenixtaii, or Strir.xton, Somerfetf. W. of Stoke- Gurfey. Strcnjho.ll, Yorkf. near Cialtres-Forelt. Strenihall, Yorkf. S. of IJ.mcalter. SlrenfJinm, Worcefterf. SW. of Perflioie ; noted as the birili-place of Mr. Samuel Butler, author of Hudlbras. Stretckley, Devonfhire, NW. of Modberry. Strete, Elfex, on the Crouch, oppofite Walfieet. Stretejion, Warw. in Monks Kirby manor. Stretjord, Heref. E. of Pcmbridge. Stretford, Heief. near Kin- nerfley. Strethutl, ElTex, NW. of Saffron Walden. Siret'^am, and it's Mere, Cam- bridgef. SW. of Ely, at the conflux of the Cam and Oufe. Stntham, Surry, 3 miles N. of Croydon, with a noted mineral *vater, of a cathartic quality. Strctham, Sulfcx, on the Adiir, between Breeding and Henficld. Strellam, Durham, near M-trwood. Stretley, SE. of Bedford. Siretley, Berkshire, by the Thames, S. of Mouist'ord. StrettentO't, SulTex, on tlie rivtr Lavant, ne:(r Chichefler. Stretton, Chcfli. NW. of Malpis. Stretton, Deib. SW. of Afhby-de la-Zoi.ch. StreUan, D>'rb. 4 n)iles S. of Cheiterticld. Strettcfi. N^V". of Hereford, Stretton, between oth hllU and valleys with an eternal flndc. Here too arc found many large Jakts, that iacilitate much the communi- cation lietwecn the dift'crent parts. The heat of the air is far from being fo intenfe as might be expLi5led from a country oc- cupying the middle of the torrid zone ; and it is more temperate than many re- gions without the tropics, the thtrmon.e- ter, at the moft fiiltry hour, about two in the afternoon, generally fluf^uailng be- tween 8i and 85 degrees. Mr. MarI'den divides the inhabitants into Malays, Ache- iiefe, Bittas, Lampoons, andRjjangs; and he takes tlic latter as the ftandard of de- fcription, wjth refpe£l to the perfons, manners, and cuftonis of the inhabitants. They are rather below the middle if ature j tlieir bulk in proportion} their limbs, tor the moft part flight, and particularly fmall at the wrifts and ancles; and, upon the whole, they are accounted gracetully form- ed. Their Iiair is ftrong, and of a fliining Mack. The men are beardlcfs ; great pains being taken to render them fo, when boys, by rubbing their chins with a kind of quick lime. Their complexion is pro- perly yellow, wnnring the red tinge that conltitutes a copper or tawpy colour. Tlity are, in general, lighter than the Mcltces, or half-breed, of the reft of In- dia} thofe of the wealthier clafs, who are not expofed to the rays of the fun, and particularly their women, approaching to a degree of fairnefs. Some of the inhabit- ants of the hilly parts are obferved to have the I'we'lcd neck, or goiter; but they at- tempt no remedy for it, as theie wens aie confiitcnt with the higheft health. The ritts of marriige among the Sumatrans, conlill limply in joining the hands of the parties, and pronouncing them man and wife, without much ceremony, excepting the entertiiinmtnt which is given upon the occafion, But little apparent coyrtfliip precedes their marriages, Their manners do not admit of it ; the yoyng people of each fex being carefully kent alundtr, and the girh being ftldom trulted from under the wing of their mothers. The oppor- tunities which the young people have of feeing and c nverfmg with each other, are at the public feltivals. On thefe occafions, the perlons, who are unmarried, meet to- gether, and dance and hng in company. The men, when determined in their rcr gaids, generally employ an ojd woman as their agent, hy whom they make known t|i?rr fentin^pnts, a?:4 fjjjd prc!cut§ tc the SUM female of their choice. The parents then inteifcre, and the preliminaries being fet- tled, a feaft takes place. At thefe telU- vals, a goat, a buffalo, or feveral, accord- ing to the rank of the parties, are killed to entertain, not only the relations and in- vited guefts, but all the inhabitants of the neighbouring country, who chufe to re- pair to them. The greater the concourfe, the more is the credit of the hoft, who is, generally on thefe occaficns, the father of the girl. The ciidoms of the Sumatrans permit their liaving as many wives as they can purchafe, or afford to maintain; but it is extremely rare, that an inftance oc- curs of their having more than one, and that only among a few of the chiefs. The children are nuifed but little, not confined by any fwathing or bandages; and being fuffered to roll about the floor, foon leara to v/alk and ftiift for themfelves. When cradles are ufed, they fwing fufpendtd fiom the ceilings of the roonis. The Su- matrans are fond of the barbarous diver- fion of cock- fighting, taking great pains in rearing and feeding cocks, and never matching the fanie colours ; but a grey againft a pilej a yellow againft a red, and the like. It rarely happens that both ccks fiirvive the combat. The wild bealfs of Sumatra are tigers, elephants of a fuperior iize, rhinogerofTcs, bears, mon- keys, and even cats. The tigers pyove to the inhabiiar.ts, both in their journeys, and even their domeftic occupations, molt deftruffive enemies. The number of pea. p]e annually ll:un by thefe 1 spacious ty- rants of the woods, is almolt incredible. Whole villages have been depopulated by them, Yet, from a fuperffitious preju- dice, it is with difficulty they are prevail- ed upon, by a large reward which the Iht dia Company ^-ffers, to ufe methods of de- ffro) ing them; till thty have fullained fome particular injury in their own family or kindred. Their traps, of which they can make variety, aje very ingenioufly contrived. Sometimes they are in the na- ture of Itrong cages, with falling doors, into which the bcalt is enticed by a goat or dog inclcfed as a bait ; I'ometimes they manage that 3 large timber fhall fall in a grove, acrofs his back j fometimes he is noofed about the loins with ftiong rattans j foniftimei hj; is led to afcend a plank, nearly balanced, which turning when he is patl the fentre, let? him fall upon fharp (fakes prepared bejow. Infimces have occuireci oi a tiger being caught by one of the former modes, whic^i had many marks in his body of the partial fuccefs of this laft expedient. The fizc and ftrength of ■ ths SUM tlie fpecles which prevails on this iflaml Is prodigious. They ;ue (aid to break, with a Ifiuke of ihcir foie paw, ilie leg of a hoife or a buffalo; and the largett piey thtry kill is without difficulty dragged into the woods by them. This they ul'u- ally perform on the (econd night, being liippol'ed, on the firlV, to gratify them- felvvs with fucking the blood only. Time is by tliis delay affoided to prepare for their t numerous veins of lead, which, however, are not very produflive. Sun ART Loch, an inlet ot the lea, in Argylcfliire, whicli feparntes the Ifland ot M'lli from the :/,iggin, Weftmorl. S. cf Crofby-Ra- venlworih. Sun! rick, L.mcr.ftiire, W. of Ken S;nds. Sunbury, Miiidlefex, between Hampton- Court antl Shepperton. SUNBURY, a town of Georgia, in N. America, with a fafe and convenient har- bour. It. is a pleafant, healthy town, and is the refort of the planters from the adja- cent places of Midway and Newport, dur- ing the fickly inontlis. It is 30 miles SSW, of Savannah. Su.vDA Islands, in the Indian Ocean, near the Siraits of Sunda. The chief of them are Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. SuNDERBUNDS, a UzSi of country, confiding of tiiat part of the Delta of tlie Ganges, in Hindooftan, in Bengal, which borders on the lea. It is compofed of a labyrinth of rivers and creeks, ail of which are fait, except' thole that immediately communicate with the principal arm of the Ganges. In extent it is equal to the principality of Wales. '< It is ib com- pletely enveloped in woods, and infefted with tigers," lays Major Rennell, '« that if any attempts have ever been made to clear it (as is reported) they have hitherto niil'canicd." Here lalt, in quantities equal to the whole confumption of Bengal and it's dependencies, is made and tranf- ported with equal facility ; and liere alfo 13 found an almoft inexhauftible ftore of tinihcr for boat building. SUN'DEREURG, a fea-port of the Ifle of Allen, Dcnmaik. SuNor-RDOO, a fmajl IHind and fea- port of Hindooftan, on the Concan coalt. •Sunderland, a ['ea port in the coun- ty of Durham, feated at the mouth of the river Wear, where it empties itfelf into tlie German Ocean, is a populous, thriving, ^vell-buiit town. It's inhabitants are el'- timated- at 30,000. Coal is the ftaple commodity, of which aSo.ooo chaldrons, Newcaflle meafurc, are exported annually. In one year, (1791) 4905 vefl'els cleared c^-artways, and 703 ovtrlea, in all 560S. Glafs, bottles, lime, fait, grindftones, co- peras, and pottery-ware, are alfo exported. It hat. a handfome church, a large and ele- gant chapel of cafe, a neat and large cha- pel for the Methcdifts, five Dilllnttrs' iTieetmg-houfes, an holpi'.al for old Icamen or their widows, another for eigiu poor women, a dilpenfary, and other pubiic buildings. For a long time the navig.!- ::on of this port was co.nilderably imp^d- S U N ed, from the want of a fufficicnt depth of watei, to admit ftiips of any confidcrabJe burden to put to lea with their wiiole lad- ing; to remedy which, fuch vefTels were obliged to take part of tlieir cargo in the open road ; by which, the keel-men, who bring down the coals, were often expofed, in ludden ftorms, to danger, by venturing out to Tea with tlie remainder of their lad- ing; to obviate which inconvenience, and the danger to which the velTels are there often expofed, many of the largefl (hips belonj^ingto this port were obliged to take in their lading at Shields. But this in- convenience is now very much remedied, by recent improvements in the harbour, and particularly the addifion of a north pier, by which the ebbing tide gains greater force to fccur the fand whidi forms a bar at the entrance of the har- bour; the tide now flows 16 feet, and ad- nvits vefTels of 300 and 400 tons burden. A bridge, has been lately erected acrols the river Wear, thought to be the greateft curiolity of it's kind in the world. It is not lels remarkable for it's prodigious height and extreme fpan, than tor the pe- culiarity of it's conftruftion, being forrned of fmall fegments ot caft iron, joined in fuch a manner as to form a complete arch, the fpan of which is 256 feet, and will ad- mit of veffcls failing under it of 4.C0 tons burden, by only finking their top gallant mafts. I't is 13 miles NE. of Durham, and 264 N. by W. ot London. Sunderland, Cumberl. 4 miles NE. of Cockermouth. Sunderland, Durham, by Bianfpeth-Cadle. SuKdtrland, Northumb. Ly the fca, N. of Dunltabuigh Caftle. Sunderland, H(^/:?, "^'oikf. near Halifax. Sunderland Point, Lancaftiire, en the coaft SW. of Laucaiter. Sundcrland-lVick. Yorkfinre, near Great and Little DriiSeld. SuNDi, a province of Africa, in Congo, which lies along the river Zaire. It's ri- vers render it extremely fertile, and in the mountains aie mines of feveral metals. The capital is of the fame name. Lat. 4. 50. S. Ion. 17. 55. E. Siindon, Upper and Loiver, Bedfordthire, SW. of Stretley. Sundridge, Kent, i miles and a half NE. of Weitram. Sun- dridge, Kent, in Bromley parifh. SuNO&WALL,a I'ca-port of Mcdelpadia, Sweden, Lar. 62, 47. N. Ion. 17. 5. E. Sanger, Warw. S. of Claverdon. Sun' g:r, Wilts, near Clarendon. Sunkljland, Yorkl. in t'le Humber, SE. of Hull ; two miles long, and one and a halt broad. Sun- ning, Berks, on the Thames, 2 miles NE. ot Reading. Sunr.ing-Hill, Berks, in Wiiriior-f oreft, near Bagftiot ; ii's medi- ' ciual S U R S U R cinaj wells are efficacious in paralytic Bramlns only. I faw, one morning^, a cafes. Sunmng-lVell, Berks, SE. of Ba- great number of them fit on the river fide, fjl's Leigh. under the caftle, wheie a number of girl* Superior, the largeft lake of North and women reforted to bathe, and to fay America, and fuppofed to be the largeft their morning prayers. Every one of ihem body of frefli water on the globe. Ac- gave the clean cloches, v.'hich they insend- cording to the French charts, it is 1500 ed to wear for that day to one of thefe miles in circumference. There are many priefts, and then went into the river, inlands in this lake : two of them aie very They afterward exchange their wet clothes laige, efpecially IdeRoyale, which is 100 fur the dry ones, publicly on (hore, but miles long, and in places 40 broad. The vvith fuch a dexterity, that the moft curi- lurrounding coaft is rocky and uneven»^ ons oblerver could i'ee nothing inconfiltent Upward of 30 rivers enter this lake, fome with decency. The Bramin, afterward, ot which are of confiderable fize. It dipped his thumb into fome red colour, abounds vvith trout and fturgeon ; the and impreiled it on the forehead of the wo- tormer weighing fronn iz to 50 pounds, men, who reciprocally marked the pried Stoims affeiit this lake as much as they do again, though ilightly, left his face ftiould the Atlantic Ocean., It difcharges it's be daubed ail over, by the great number waters from the SE. corner, through the ot markers. Laftly, the perlbn that is, Straits or St. Marie, into Like Huron. figned, and in this manner confecrated for SupiNO, a town of Molilb, Naples. the day, keeps the colour-box. in one hand, SuRAT, a fea port of Hiudoolran, en- fays a fhort prayer, gives the Bramin one compafled on the land fide with two brick or two handfuls of ricc, and then, with v/alls, and faid to contain soOjCoo inha- her wet clothes on the other hand, returns bitants. It's trade is very confiderable, home." Befides the Mahometans and itbeing the great ftore-houit; of the moft Gentoos, there are Jews and Chriftians of pVecious proi^u£f ions of India : and in various denominations, at Surat. The the cjty are as many different profeffions lurrounding country is fertile, except to- of religion as in Ainfterdam j for there wards the lea, which is fandy and barren, ai'e .Mahometans of fcveral ieils, and many Here is a fine garden, the property of the f9(-ts, of Gentoos. Mr. Niebuhr fays, Dutch Ealt India Company, the afpe6f of that the Mahometans at Surat are not, by which is rich and charming. Before the far, fo llridl as they are in Arabia, or in Encrlin'h Eaft India Company obtained other Turkilh countries, nor are the dil tinftion of tribes among the Hindoos who refide here ftriftly obferved. " Thefe HiBdoos," he continues, *' are a fet of in poiTeliion of Bombay, the prefidency of their affairs on the coaft of Malabar was held at Surat 5 and they had a faflory eftablidied there. Even after the prefi- duftrious fober people., and of fuch fur- dency was transferred to Bombay, the fac- prifing honefty, that no Europeans have tory was continued. The Great Mogul ever had caufe to repent the entrufting, had then an officer here, who was ftyled even their whole fortune, to the Banians, his admiral, and received a revenue called wiio being born to trade, are employed the tanka, of the annual value of three here as brokers, as the Jews are in Tur- lacks of rupees, arifing from the rents of key. The Hindoo women affift their huf- adjacent lands, and the taxes levied at Su- bands in earning their bread, and keep rat. The tyranny of this officer towards themfelves fo clean, that the European the merchants, Induced the E. India Com- women, who come to India, are obliged to pany, in 1759, ^o fi' °"'^ *" arman^nt, follow their example, or run the riik of which difpoffcffed the admiral of the caltic; lofing their huftjand's affe6f ions. When and, fbon after, the poffeffion of this caftle a child is born, a Bramin is to declare, was confiimed to them by the court of by aftrological rules, whether the child is Delhi. They obtained^ moreover, the ap- come into the world in a lucky hour or pointment to the poft of admiral, and not. Tliis done, he hangs a thin ftring were conftituted receivers of the tanka, fo over the (houlder of a boy, who wears this that the Engiidi are, at prefent, the aftual diftiniStive mark of his nation all his life- fovereigns of Surat, and engrols nearly the time. The Bramins fix the time for the whole trade of the city. They keep the celebration of weddings; and alfo order nabob of Surat in a (late of deptndance, and announce the holy-days. Every Ba- allowing him only an income on wiiich he nian is obliged, every morning, after wafli- may live fuitably to his dignity. Tiie In- ing and bathing himfelf, to have a kind of dians are content with their new mafteis, fcal impreffed on his forehead, by a Bra- and the merchants are no longer in danger Riinj though this is the oif-ce of int-jriwr from the avaricious extoitioiio of the na- bobs extremely Iwett and healthy. The foil is likewifc various ; that ot" the Djwus, and thence to the lea, is very fertile, both in corn and grafs, the latter feeding large flocks of flieep, whole wool is remarkably fine. The middle of the county abounds with meadows an.l rich arable ground, and the N. fide is (haded with extenlive woods, that ufed to fupply fuel for the iron-works when they Were in a flourinilng (tate. This plenti- ful county, theref re, fuj/p'its nruiierous commodities, the chief of v^hich arc corn, malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron, chalk, gtal's, fifli, and fowl. It is particvdiriy famous for it's wheaters, a fmall bird, of the fize of a lark, not much Inferior to an ortolane, which is taken on the SE. Downs in the following manner : a turf is cut up, about a foot long, and half a foot broad J in the cavity is placed a fnare of horie-hair, and the turf turned with the grafs downward to cover the greateit part of the hole, Thefe birds are naturally fo timorous, that the flsadow of a cloud, or any thing that moves on the ground, makes them fly into thefe little pits for /belter, where th*:y are taken. With re- fpeft to manufaftures, Soflex is not dift in- gullhed for any but that of gunpowder, at Battel, and of needles and coarle cloths at Chichefter. The principal rivers are the Arun, Adur, Oufe, and Rother, Chi- chefter is the capital. Supd, Norfolk, SW. of Cromer. SUSTER, SCHOUSTER, or SUSA, fup- pofed to be the ancient Shushan, where the kings of Perfia had a palace for their winter refidence. Here are fome manu- faftures of fdk, ftuffs, and rich cloth. It J5 150 miles SSW. of Ifpahan. ■SusTEREN, a town of Juliets. Snjlon, E. of ''Hereford. Sutcomh, De- vouf. Sutham, Berks, between Theal and Pangbourn. Suthbury HtU, Wilts, be- tween Everley Warren and Luggerftiall. SuTHERLANDSHiRE,a county of Scot- land, bounded on the N. and W. by the North Sea, on the £, by Caithnefsllme S U T and the German Ocean, and on the S. and SW. by the Frith of Dornoch and Kols- fhire. It's greateft extent from E. to W.- is about 47 miles, and from N. to S. Ibmewhat more. Some parts of this county, ftill called forefts, were anciently covered with wood, but are now tracklcfs deferts, deftitute of trees ; or bleak moun- tains, abounding with wild roes. In thefe parts tliere are few inlnbitants, and no villages ; but to the SE. along the Filth of Dornoch, the country is populous and well cultivated. Dornoch is the coun- ty town, Sutherland Proper, a divlfion of Sutherlandlhire, containing all the fouth- ern part, as Strnthnaver does the northern. SuTRi, a town in the Patrimonio. Sutterhy, Line. SW. of Alford, Sut- terleigh, Devonf, near Chumleis^h. Sut- lan, Bedford f. near Pott on. Sutton, near Buckingham. Sutlofty Camb. SW. of Ely, Sutton, Chcdiire, near Frodfham. Sutton, Chefliire, on the Bollin, near Mac- cles.leld. Sutton, Chefhire, near Tratford- brldge, Sutton, Chefhire, near Elton. Sut- ton, Dorfetl'. N. of Weymouth. Sutton^ Ed'cx, in Hornchnrch M^nor. Sutton, ElTex, near Stapleford Towney. Su/ton, Hants, SE. of Burton S:acey. Sutton, Hamplhire, SE. of Alresford. Sutton, Hampfliire, SE, of Burton Stacv, Sutton, Hampfhire, S. of Odiham, Sutton, Ifle of Wight, in W, Medina. Sutton, Kent, 5 miles NE. of Dover. Sutton, Kent, by the Darent, z miles SE. of Dartford. Sut- ton, Lane, in Prel'cot parilh. Sutton, Le't- cef. SW. of Colby, Sutton, Line, by the fea, S W. of Saltfl.etby. Sutton, Lincohif. SE. of Holbech. Sutton, Lincoinf. near Beckingham. Sutton, Norf. near Hick- ling. S tiito?!, Noitha.mp. by theNen, W, ot Peterborough. Sutton, or Suttonin- AJhfielJ, Nottinghamfhire, near Mansfield. Sutton, a town of Nottinghaniililre, on the Trent, near Grcllhorp, with a mar- ket on Monday, Sutton, Nottinghamf. near Grandby, Sutton, Shropfliire, E, of Brofely. Sutton, Shiopfliire, near B.oiiiwich P;u-k. Sutton, S. of Shrewfbury, Sutton, StafFordf, be- tween Forton and Norbury. Sutton, Staf- fordf. in Aldridge parifli. Sutton, Suffolk, on the Stour, SE. of Ealt lierglioit. Sut- ton, Suffolk, SE. of Wootlbridge. Sutton, Surry, near Carflialton, Sutton, Sulfex, near Seaford. Sutton, Wilts, NE. of Chijiprnham. Sutton, Yorkf. on the Du- went, oppofite to New Malton. Sutton, Yorkf. 4. miles NE. of Hull. Sutton, Yorki'. N. Riding, in Galtres Foreft. Sul- tan, yoikf. between Borcmghbridje anJ B;dali. S W A Bedal. Suiton £n. Sutton-Waldron, Doii'etf. NE. of S:urmiiiftcr, S :it ton -li'' alleys, Hereford f. on the Lug, between Himpton Court and Hereford. SuzA. See St;sA. Suzanne, St. a town in the dept. of Elaine, with a confiderable paper manu- factory. It is 17 miles E. of Laval, Six/a^'y. Lincolnf. W. of Alford. S-iva- cUff, Oxtordf. W. of Bmbmy. Sxviid!i:i'ar, in C ivan, Ulfter, 74 miles from Duhiiiu About half a mile from it is a celefr.ited Ipt. ■ S'wadlingcote, Derbyf. SE. of Burton- upon-Trcnt. 'Sw.usHArj, a wj 11 built town of S W A Norfolk, with about 300 houfes, 15 mllc» SE. ol Lynn, and 94. NNE. of London. Market on Saturday. Snvnfhani Btilberk, Prior St. Cyric, and Prior St. Mcrgaret, Cumbridg. all W. of Ncwmtrkct. Svjajield, Lincolnf. SE. of Granthart). S-ztjofuld, Norfolk, between Trunch and North WalOiam. S-ii^aily, Glouc'jf. in Forthimpton pan/h. Sivaitt' hy, Yorkf. between BedwII and Thirfk. S^MainJihorp, four miles SW. of Norwich, Siuainjlon, Ifle of Wighr, near Newp.^rt. Srvale, a river of Y ikfhire, which rifcs on the confines of Welbr.orland, and run- ning SE. pafle^ by R climond and Thiri'k, and falls into the Oufe near Borough- bridge. Svjale, E. and /r. Kent, two branches of Medwty, running into tht Thames, the former below Shefnefs, the latter at Shernefs. Swale-Cliff, Kent, by the lea, 5 milts N. of Canterbury. S^j:aU- 7iefs, Kent, W. of W. Swale, oppofite to Q^eenhorough. Szvalcy, on the Darwent, SW. o* Derby. S-valland, Dorfetf. near' Encomb, !■'. Purbeck Iflc. S-'wal'o'W, Lincoliii. NE. of 1 tiongcaltcr. S horn Dublin. TitnjHU, J^urham, NW. of Lnmky- Caltle. 'TanjU'U, E. wA IV. Yoiklhire, E. ot M:'.lhani. Tangataeoo, one of tlie Friemlly IflaniU, in the S. Pacific Ocean, fiift ilif- covertd by Talinan, who called it Am- lltrdam, and vifited by Captain Cook, in 1773 and 1777. It is about 60 milebincir- cuinfcrencc. Lat. ai.^.S. Ion. 174.46. W. TAGtRMUNDE, a town in the Old Mnrche, Brandenburg, with a conhdera- l)le trade in brewing, feated on the river Elbe, where vclicls pay a tell ; 2+ miles NW. of Brandenburg, Tangier, a ica-portof Fez, in Africa, at the '»V. end of the Straits ot'Gibialtar. It was taken from the Moors by the J^or- jugiitle in 147 1, and given as a dower to tile Princefs Catharine of Portugal, who married Charles II. of England ; but that impiovidenc moinrch did not think, it worth the expence of keeping, and there- fore, in 1684, caiiled the works to be blown up, and withdrew the garrilon. At prelent tliereare fome hatteiies facing tlie bay, in tolerable condition. The Bay of Tangier is not very fate, wliJ^n the wind is in the W. having been eiKumbcred by the ruins of tiie mole and fortifications ;. there is good ancnorage, however, at the eallern point, and the bay is only danger- «us during the winter. It is 108 miles NNW. of Fez, and 38 WSW. 01 Gib- laltar. TangUy, Hants, near Andsver. Ti?^^- lej, OxtouH. NW. ot Burlord. Tangley^ Suriy, in Ognerfh parifli. Tangmeer, Sufl"ex, E. of Chichefter. Tan JO RE, a country on the coaft of Coromandcl, included in the Carnatie, about 95 miles in length and 50 in breadth. It is watered by the river Cauvery, and is governed by a rajah, who pays an annual lubfidy of i6o,oool. to the Englilli Ealt- India Company. Tanjore, a city of Hindooftan, capi- tal of the provinc; of the iame name, rile palace, which was originally a pa- ::nda, fituated at the E. end ot the town, is .. gi .ind fquare, defended by a wall, and a n-ec ditch abounding in crocodiles. It is k.rcd in the D-lta of the rjver Cauvery, !56.milcs S. by W. of .Madras. Lat. 10, ' "*> I-T!. 79. J2, E. TAR tanherjley, Ycrkf. between Barrcflejr. and Shrlhtid, z miles E. of Woitley. Tankia, or TiNKiA-LiNG, a town of Tlubet, at fhe- loot of Motmt Langur, wliich is faid to exhale futfocating tumes. Tankrowal, an Engldh hi6\o:y in Africa, on the liver Gambia, 30 miles E. ot James Fort, Tanna, a conliderable ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, and one of the New He-, bi ides, tlie inhabitants of which are biave and lio(pitalile. There is a volcano in tlie' i.'land, with fome hot iprings, and the toil is very fertile. The inhabitants would- not fuffer Ciptain Cook, nor his compa- niims, to penetrate far into the illand. Lat. 19. 30. S. Ion. 169. 46. E. Tannby Herts, NW. of Buntingford. Tanore, a fea-port of Calicut, on the- coaft of Milabar. Liit. 10. 55. N. Tanot, and Tanot Greater, rivers in Montgoiriervf. TaiirUge, Znvxy, SW. of Oxtcd. I'/'.nJtey, Dcibyi. N. of Wirkl- vvorth. I'anjover, Northamptonf. NE. of Oundle. Tamtuorth, Warwickl". near Uinljerfiiide. Taoo, the moft fouthernof the Friend- ly Iflind,-;, in the S. Pacific Ocean. It is about S leagues in circuit, and of a height fufficient to be feen 12 leagues, with good anclunage on the NW. fide. The SE. fideiifes, with great inequalities, imme- diately from the fea ; fo that the plains and meadows, of which there are lome of great extent, lie chiefly on the NW, fide j and being adorned with tufts ot trees, in- termixed with plantations, and interllcied by paths itatling to every part ot tlie ifle, they form a be-^utiful landlcape. Taor.mina, anciently Taurus, a fea- port ot Sicily, feattd on a ruck, on the E. coaft, 30 miles S. by W. of Medina. Tnpleigh, Dtvonfliire, near Biddiford, 'Taplai.v, Stufik-i, i mile from Maidenhead, feated on a hill overlooking the Thames^ '. and difting.iilned by it"s majtftic wood- . lands, piftureique appearance, and liand- foine villas. Tiifton, Derbyf. near Chef- terfitld. Taptee, a river of Hindooftan, which riies at Maltoy, 84 miles NNW. of N.ig- pour, and palling througk the Candeifli..' country, fills into the Gulf of Camb.ay, a few miles bt-low Surat, T.\R, or Pami.ico, a river of N- Ca- rolina, which, flowing by Tarborough and WaHiing'on, tnters Pamlico-Sound, 40 miles SE. of the latter town. 7ara, in Down, Ulftrr, 'Tarak, or 'Tar.ikHill, in Mcath, Leiiiftcr, 19 milci from Dublin. The conventions, or par- liaments cf Ireland, were held here, tr.i-; enniaily» TAP ennially, fiom tlie fiift to tlie fixlh cen- tury. 'tarannon, a river in Montgnmeryniiic. Tarantola, in Abriizzo Cina. This town has given name to the Ipiders callt-tl tarantulas, whofe bite, it has been (aid, was only to be cured by miific and dancing. TaRAoalla, a tQwn of Dirah, Africa. Tarare, a town in tlie dept. of Rhone and Loire, iS miles WNW. of Lyons. Tarascon, a town in the dept. of the Months of liic Rhone, leated on the river Rhone, oppofite Biraiicaire, with which it communicates by a bridge of boats. It's commerce confiits in oil, brandy, ftarcli, and (tufFs, one i'ort of coarl'e filk, and the other of the fame mx- terial and wool. It is lo miles N. of AiKs. Tarascon, a town in the dept. of Arriege, with mannfafliires of iron. It is feated on the river Arriege, 7 miles SE, of Foix. Tarazona, a town '^f Arragon, 4.3 miles NNW. of Saragolfa. Tarbeck, or Tardebigg, Worcefterftiire, NW. of Broml'grovt. *Tarbert, a town of Kerry, in Munfter, 124. miles from Dublin. Tarbes, a populous town, the capital of the dept. of the Upper Pyrenees, and late the fee of a bifliop. It is feated on the river Adour, 41 miles SSW. of Auch. Tarborough, a town of N. Caro- lina, feated on rhe river Tar, 4.3 •miles NNW. of New Bern. Tarent, a river in Dorfetflure, which rifes in Stubhampton, and gives name to ieveral villages it paflVs through, in it's way to where it falls into the Stour; as 'Tarent -Gun'vil, Hint on, Cranford, Kain- fion, Laiuijhn, Monkton, and Rujhton, all NE. of Blandford. Tarentaise, County of, a barren trail, full of frightful precipices, in the tiie dept. of Mont Blanc. Monftier is the capital. Tarento, anciently Tarentum, a city and lea port of Otranto, Najiles, feat- ed on a peninfula. The harbour, which once was excellent, is now choked up, and v/ill only admit fifhing boats. It is 60 miles WNW. of Otranto. Targa, a town of Ftz, feared on the Mediterranean, near an oyltcr fiflicry. It is lurrounded by mountains and thick fo- refts, full of monkeys, and is 90 miles SE. of Tangier. Targovisco, or Tergovista, a town of Turkey, capital of W.ihichia. The waywode has a palace here. TA.iiFltfBa lea-port of Siville, in An- .^ TAR da'ufia. It is a poor place, with 3 few inhabitants, and is feated on an eminence, on the Straits of Gibraltar, 17 miles WSW. of Gibraltar. Tarku, a town of Dagheftan, feated on the W. coali of the Calpian Sea. Tarleton, Glouceffeif. E. of Minching- Hampton. Tarleton, Lancafhirc, between Hclket and Marten- iVlcre. Tarmonbarry- Bridge, in Rofcommon, Connaught, 64. miles from Dublin. Tarn, a department of France, NW. of the dept. of Hcrault, and formerly a part of Languedoc. It takes it's name from a river which rifes in' the dept. of Lozere, and having watered Milhaud, Alby, Gaiilac, Montauban, &c. falls into the Garonne, nearMoiliac. Caltres is the capital- Taro, a town of Parma, in the coun- try of Val-di-Taro, feated on the rivec Taro. Tarperley, Chefliire. Tarraby, Cum- berland, NW. of Carlifle. Tarragona, a town of Catalonia, with a nniverlity, under the Roinans the capital of a diltrift called Tarraconenlis. It was built by the Phoenicians, and was accounted very powerful in the time of the Romans. There are many noble mo- numents of antiquity here. It is neither fo large nor populous ; for though there is room for 2000 houfes within the walls ; which were built by the Moors, there are not above 500, which are all built with large ftjuare (tones. The archbidiop is metropolitan of Catalonia, and dilputes' the primacy of Spain with Toledo. It has fome trade, and is feated on the Mediter- ranean, 38 miles WSW. of Barcelona," and 24.0 E. by N. of Madrid. Tarrega, a town of Catalonia. Tarra^, SulTtx. Tarfet-Caflle, North- umberl. a Roman encampment near Bcl- linoham. Tartar Y, a country of Ada, which, taken in it's utmcft limits, reaches from the Eaflern Ocean to the Calpian Sea, and from Corea, China, Hindoolfan, and Prrfia, to Rullia and Siberia. It may be conlldered under three grand divifions; namely, Eadein. Wdfern, and Indepen- dent Tartary. The different tribes which inhabit Eaftern Tartary were formerly called Mongul Tartars, a warlike nation, who, <5n the one hand, conquered Hin'- dooftan, under Jenghis Khan, and on the other fulHkud China, in the 13th century, and reigned there for 100 years. Ciiintfe Tartaiv is divided into two paits, Ealfera and Wcflcin. The greattft part of this country either belongs to the tmperor of U u z China, TAT (Jhin.i, is tributary to hiiri, or is under Ins protfilion. Inllc^Jenllellt Tartaiy in- cludes all the country between Chinerc Tartary and the Cilpinn Sea, and contains Furlceltan, Great and Little Bukliaria, Turconnnia, Charaiin, Thibet, and Come countries inh:ibited by the Uft)ecks and Kalmucks. Wcfiein I'ai tary includc;s the remainder; mod or nil of which has been conquered by the RufTians. For various interilVmg particulars concerning them, iVc, in their refpeflive places, the articles Abkas, Circailia, Crimea, CofTacks, Georgia, Imeritin, Kalmucs, Kilii, Lef- guis, Mingrelia, Monguls, OlFi, Samoy- cdes, Turkomans, and Ufbecs. Tartas, a town in the department of Landes, 12 miles KE. ot I>ax. TarUDANT, a town ot Sus, ^Torocco, 1 10 miles SSW. of the city ot Morocco. Tarnjar, Cornwall, N. of Mountfbay. Tarnjin, or Ter'v'tn, 4 miles E. of Chef- ter. Tujhorougb, Norfolk, W. of S^x- Unphani. Tajhiny, \\\ Longford, Leinfter. TajJey, Shropftiire, W. of Bridgnorth. Tassausudon, a ci:y of Bootan. TATt's LsLANU, an iiland in the S. Pacific Ocean, firft (iiicovered June 29th, 17<;3» '"'y Captains Biir.pton and Holt, of the Hormazier and Cheiterfieid, vcirels employed in the lervice of the Eaff- India Company, and lo named, in honour oi Mr. Tate of Bombay. The inhabitants are fcout, well .-nade, and woollv headed, and rel'emble the people ot New Guinea in ftature and complexion. A party from the (hips, having landed, for the take of procuring water, and to make obl'erva- tions on the foil, produce, inhabitants, S:c. wai at firft received very kindly, to all appearance, but afterwards, the natives, watching their opportunity, murdered Captain Hill, of the New South Wj1.;s corps, and fome of the l'ea\nen, cutting their throats from ear to ear, and mangl- ing tlwir bodies in a fliocking maimer. It was with difficulty that the furvivors made a (hift to get on board their boat, by frequently difcharging tiieir mufquets, at the report of which the natives fjcd into the woods. Thofe voracious cannibals were afterwards feen dragging the dead bodies towards large fires prepared on the nccafion, yelling and howling hideoufly at the fame time. Lat. 9. 28. S. Ion. 146, 57. E. Tatenell, Staflfordf. VV. of Burton-upon- Trent. Taienham, Wilts, 4 miles from Marlborough. Taternal, or Totttrnkoe, Bedfordf. N\V. of Dunftable. TatesfieU, Surry, jiE, of Chclfham, Tatkam, E, of T A V Lancifttr. Tathn.velly Lincolnfliire, near Louth. Tatta, or SiNDE, a town of Hindoo- ftan Proper, capital of the province at Sindy. It is feated on a branch of the ri- ver Sinde, or Indui, calkd the Ritchel River. In the laft century, it v.'as extcn- five and populous, and was a place of great tiade, jvjffeffing manufaftuics ot lilk, wool, and cotton; and it was cele- brated for it's cabinet ware. Little of thefe now remain, and th? limits of the city are much reduced. On the fliores of the Indus, above the Delta, confiderable quantities of fakpctre are made; and within three miles on the N\V. are mines of iron aird fait. The Indus, and it's- brandies, admit of an uninterrupted na- vigation from Tatta to M,.ultan, Lahore, and Cafhmere, for veiltls of near 200 tons ; and a very extenfivc trade was car- ried on between thofe places, in the time of Auruiigzebe ; but, at prefcnt, very little of this tiade remains, owing, it is faid, to a bad government in Sindy, and probably to a hoftile difpofition of the Sf-iks, the prefent pcy^lfTurs of Moultaiv and Lahore. Tatta is "40 miles SSW. of Moultan. Lat. 24. 50. N. Ion. 67. 37. E. Tattah, a town in Africa, fituated , on the frontiers of Darah and Morocco, ia the route from Morocco to Tombufloo, It is 150 miles SSE. ol Morocco. TattenhaLl, Chefhire, W. of Beefton- Calfle, Tatterford,liodo\k, N. of Rain- ham. 1'atterfety fee CaUfend. Tattershall, a fmall t»wn of Lin- colnfhire, feated on the river Bane, near it's confluence with the Witham, in a fen- ny country. It is 12 miles NW. of Bof- ton, and 127 N. of London. Market od Friday. Tatt'vi^on, Suffolk, SW. of Ipfwich.^ 'Taitington, or Tannhigton, Suffolk, N. ot Frandingham. T'atton, Chefliire, N. of Knottcsford. laiton, E. and IV. Dorfetf. near Abbotfbury. Tavastland, a very fertile province in the middle of Finland, about 150 milei in length and 100 in breadth. Tavastus, or Kroneborg, a town of Finland, capital of the province of Ta- vaftland. It is well fortified, and ferves for an aricnal and royal magazine. It is 44 miles NE. of Abo. Tauchel, a tovv-n of Pruflian Pome- relia, 44 miles SSW. of Dantzic. Taud, a river in Lancafhire. Taue, a river in Carmarthenfliire. tai'erhaniy Norfolk, by the Yare, NW. of Norwich. Taverna, a town of Calabria Ultra. Tavir,.^, ur Tavila, a confiderable towii- T A U town of Portugal, in Algarve, with a goal h.'tiSo'.ir. h is feated in a pleafsnt, fertile coiuury, icu miles W. by N. ot Cadix. * Tavistock, a town of Devor.fliiie, feated on the river Tavy, or Tave. It was once a flourifhirg jilace, iamons for it's (lately abbey, where books were for- merly printed ia the Saxon language, and a fchool erected to teach it; it is now di- vid'id into tenements. It is fiill a large, well built place, and a ftannary town. It is 3:: miles W. by S. of Exeter, and 206 W. by S. of London. Market on Satur- day. Tciukin, Cumberland, SE. of Brampton. Tiv.tmey a river in Yorlcl'. and Lancaf. Taunton, a town of N. America, in Maflachulets, feated on a river of the fame name, 19 miles S.ofBofton. * Taunton, a large and populous town of Somerlctfliire, leated on the river Thone, which is navigable hence to the Parret, and fo to Bridgewater. It lias been the principal feat ot the manufacture of coarfe woollen goods, fuch as ferges, ^uioy?, druggets, &c. though fomewhat decayed of late years. A filk manufa61ure was iniroducei here in 1780. Large tolid, and extend to India. In different places they have dif- ferent names. Tauton, Notth, Devonf. NW. of Barn- (laplc. I'auton, South, Devonfhire, E. of Okehampton. I'^-'zy, A7rtr>''j, Devon Ih ire, on the river Tavy. Tavy, Peter's, De- vonf. NE. of Taviftock. Tait', a river of Devonfhire, whicii rifcsnear the centre of the county, flows to Barndaple, and then turns wcfterly and joins the Tov,-- ridge, at it's mouth in the Briflul Chan- nel. 'Tnaupock-Houfe, and 1'ai'.-:on, Bi- Jhop''s, Devonf. on the Taw, SW. and S. ot Barnltaple. BiHiop's Tawton was the firlt bifhop's fie in this county, from whence, after only two bifhops had refided in It, it was lemoved to Crediton, and then to Exeter, "ta^vy, a river of Brcck- nockfliire and Glamoiganfhire, which en- ters the fea at Swanfey. Taxhall, Che- Ihire, N. of Macclesfield -ForelK '1'av, a fine river of Scotland, the two fourccs of which are near Tvndrum, In Perth/hire. Flowing through Loch Tay, it afterward waters Dunkeld and Perth, and, joining the river Earn, falls into the Frith of Tay. Tay, Frith of, an arm of the fea, which divides Fifeftiire from the counties of Perth and Angus. It becomes narrow toward it's mouth, and at the Ferry- Town, in Fifeihire, called Parton-Craigs, it is not above a mile broad. Tay, Loch, a lake of Perthfhire, in Scotland, through which flows the river of the fame name. It is 15 miles long, and in many parts above one broad. On the iztb of September, 1784., this lake was feen to ebb and flow ievcral times in a quarter of an hour, when, all at once, the waters rufhed from the E. and W. in op- poljte currents, ib as to form a ridge, itaring the channel dry to the ditlance of almolt a hundred yards from it's ufual boundary. Wfitn the oppofmg waves met, they buill v.-ith a clafhing nolle, and much foam : the waters then flowed out at 1 eaft five yards beyond their ordinary li- mits. The flux and reflux toBtiiuied gra- U V 3 dually TED equally (lecreafing for about two hours. A fiinilar motion was obrnvtd for Icveral tVxys, but not to the fainc (liprtf ns on the firlt day. Tlic brinks of tliis. lake ait- fine- ly wooderl ; ind it Ims a tutted illamf, on whidi arc tiic luiiis of a priory, built by Alcxandi.r I. Taynton, Glnucefterf. SE. of Ntwent. Taynton, Upper and Lower, Lincolnlhi.t, near n (inc.dtle. TayOAN, a town of Afia, capital of the IHund of Forniofa, in the Chinefe Sea, with a h:u-bour on the weftern fide. Lat. S3. ?5. N. Ion. 110. 30. E. Tavvan, a town of Chanfi, in China. TCHEKIANG, a maritime province of China, S of ihe province of Kiangnan. Tlie principal Hade confifts in fiik. fluffs. TCHERNiGOF, 3 govemnunt of Ruf- fia, formerly a part of the Ukraine, It's capital ofthc lame name, is feated on the right fhorc of the Dcfna. Tda, a river in Bucks. 1'ea/i, Upper and Loiuer, SrafFordf. between Ctieadlc and Clucklcy. Teark, or I'crk Dean, Gloucefttrf. N. of Northleach. learn, a liver in Siaffordf. and Shropf. Team, near Shrewfbury. Teath, St. Cornwall, S. of Tintanpel. lebay, Wellmorl. on the Lon, near Ruth.waite. Teeesta, an ancient town of Timis. ^ebnvorth, Bedfordfhire, in Chelgrave pari/h. Tebza, a town and diftrifl of Mo- rocco. Teceut, a town of Sus, Morocco, with a manufa£\urc of Morocco leather. It is 150 miles SW. of Moiocco. Tecklenburg, a town and coimty of Wedphalia, lubjefl to the kingof Pru/Tia. Tecoantepeca, a confiderabie fta- port of N. America, in Guaxaca, en the coaft of the S. Sea, with handfome build- ings. Lat. 15. 2S. N. lon. 99. 15. W. Tecort, a town and country of Bi!e- dulgerid. Lat. 29 35. N. lon. 7. 55. E. Teculet, a lea-port of Morocco, 45 miles W. of the city of Morocco. Tedborn, St. Mary's, Devonf. on Fort- on, W. or Exeter. Tedbury. S-.e Tetrury. Ttdftngton, a village cf MiddlelVx, feat, cd on the Thames, 1 mile NW. of King- flon. Tedelez or Dellys, a town and dif- trift of Algiers, on ihe M>:d'^ttrrant3n, with a plentiful fifliery. It is 45 miles E. of Algiers. Tedford. Lincolnf. NW. of Spiiiby. 7edij.gto'i, W.icefttrf. E. of Tewklbury. Tednamiury, Herts, NE. cf Sawbridg- wojth. TEG TedneST, a confideiabie town of Mo locco, cipit:il of ttie diltriit of Hca, no miles WNW. of Morocco. Tedsi, 3 ttijvn of Sus, Morocco, E. of Tarudant, and 90 miles SW. of Morocco, T'ed, St. M'iry's, Lincdnfhire, in the part cillfd Holland. 'Tedflon-de la-Mery and Tedjlon Wafers, H.icfordfliire, IsE. Br. inyard. Tees, a river which rifes on the con- fines of Cumbeiland, divides the county of Durham fiom Yoikfliire, and falls ii>- to the Gel man Ocean hclow Stockton. Tees, a river of Northumberland, run- ring into the German Ocean at Middle- borough. Tefessad, a town of Algiers, fup- pofed to have been the ai^citni Tipf3> 32 miles SW. of the city of Algiers, noted for it's mines of iron. Tefflis, a town of Afia, capital of Gerogia. It is calleW. of Terki. Lat. 41. 59. N. lon. 47. 6. E. Tejunt. E'ves, or O'ver and Tefuntf Nether, Wilts, near Hindon. Teg AN, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Houquang. In the territoiy, of this pl.ice are a lort of worms, which make white wax like that of bees. Lat. 31.20. N. lon. 1 12. 31. E. Tegaza, a town of Atrica, capital of a diflrid in the county of Sahaia, near which is a mine of fait. It is about 300 miles from the A^l'i'^tic, and 400 S. of Cape Non. Tegerby, a tovyn pfFczzan. Teg^mclin, in Carlov.?, Leinfter. Teglio, a town in the country of the Grifons, capital of a government of the fame name in the Vaiteline. It contains 2 about T E M sbcr.t 300 houfes, and is 20 miles SW. of B)rmio. ■ Tehama, a fanJy belt, which nearly encircles Arabia, beginning at Siuz, and extending to the mouth ot the F.iiphrates. It has been gradually produced by a re- cefRon of the waters of tlie lea, and is ly fmooth, and free from any diforder. They were quite naked, and ot a copper colour: their hair refeml)ling that ot the Nuvv Hollanders. So:i»e of thtir beanls rtachc.l as low as the naval, and there was a.i appearance of much art having been iifcd to fornn them into long ringlets, fo that it fecmcd to be the prevailing talhion en this illand to keep the l)c;ud well combed, curled, and oiled. Twoorthree of the men had lomething like a bead, or hone, fulpendtd to a ftring, which was faftened round the neck. The largell of iluir canoes appeared to be about zS ket long, and made out of a large tree, with a long outrigger. Lat. i. 39. S. Ion. 151. 3i;e. Ten DA, a town of Piedmont, capital ef a county nf the fame name. Toidring, ElTex, near Debden. T'end- ring, EiTex, SVV. of Harwich, 'rendring- Hall, EOlx, NE. of Tendring. rendri/ig- H.-ill, Suffolk, near Stoke, by Neyland. Tenkdos, an idand in the Archipe lago, lying on the coalt ot Natolia, SE. of Lemnos. It is about 21 miles in circum- le;ence, and it's niulcadine wine is the bed in all ihe Levant. On the N, coaft is a pretty large town, with a fine harbour. Ten E RIFF, one of the Canary Iflands, the fecond m dignity, but the firit in point of extent, wealth, and tenillty. It lies to the W, of the Grand Canary, and is about ^5 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. It abounds in wine, different forts of fruits, cattle, and game. One part of this ifland is furrounded by inacceffible mountains, and there is one in particular, called the Pike ot Teneriff, which, according to Sir Thomas Herbert, may be fcen 120 miles off, in a clear day. Dr. Heberden elti- iiiates the height at 15,396 feet above the level of the fea. The vertex, which ap- pears fliarp, and the exaSl refemblance to a cone, is flat for the extent of an acre of ground, in the centre of which is a dread- ful volc-ino. Though it frequently breaks out into Hames, and finokc conftantly ilfues from it, there has been no eruption fiom this mountain, fince the year 1704, v'hen the p.rt of Garrachica was deftroy- ed, and the harbour filled up by the lava. Nothing can be more delicately rich than the foil, if the Spaniards would take the trouble to culiivate it properly, communi- CTting to grains, fruits, roots, &c. a pecu- liar elegance of fl.ivour; unknown in other countries. Witie is the only conliderable article ot foreign commerce, 40,000 pipes being annually made here. The Spanilh cuftom of dreffi.ij; in black con;inues a.nongft the in'.iabitaiits. The laborious T E R works in this ifland are chiefly pcrformeJ by mules, horfes being (carce. Oxen are alfo much employed here, to drag their Ciiflcs along upon pieces of wood. Hawka and parrots are natives of the ifland, as alio fwallows, fea-gulls, partridges, black- birds, and large flocks of canary birds. There are alio lizards, locufts, and three or four forts of dragon flies. The air and climate are remarkably healthful, and par- ticularly adapted to afford relief in phthi- fical complaints. Lat. of the Peak, 28. 18. N. Ion. 17. W. Teneriff, a town of St. Martha, Terra Firma. Tenessee. See Broad TtNEssE. Tenez, a town and diltii6f ot Algiers. Teneza, a town of Morocco, ne.rr Cape Tenez, 43 miles WSW. of the city ot Morocco. leuham, Kent, near Sheppey Ifle. Ten-Mik-Bufo, in Meath, Leinfl:er. Ten-Mile-Hoiife, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Tcmal-Hall, Stafl:ordftiire, SW. of Bir- mingham. Tennestadt, a town of Thuringin. Tenfeke, Bedfordfhire, near Ampthill. Tentcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Chantong. It is built on the fea fliore, and has a con- venient harbour, and a ttrong garrifon, with a fleet of fhips to guard the gulf. * Tenterden, a town of Kent, where the woollen manufaifure was tftablifhed by the Flemings, in the rtign of Edward III. It is 24 miles SW. of Canterbury, and 56 E. by S. of London. Market en Friday. Tenzegezet, a town of Tremefen. Teolacha, an ancient town of Afri- ca, in Biledulgerld, feated in a country abounding in dates, upon a river that pro- ceeds from a hot Ipring. Teramo, a town ot Naples. * Terasso, an ancient, but now almofl ruined town of Turkey, in Caramania, with an archbifliop's fee. It was former- ly called rarius, and was the capital ot Cilicia. It is leaied on the Mediterranean. Lat. 37. 10. N. Ion. 35. 55. E. Terasson, a town in i tie department of Dordogne, Icated on the river Veiere, 10 miles from Sarle;. Lat. 45. 5. N. Ion. i. 19. E. Tercera, one of the Azores, or Wcflern Ifland s. It is very fertile ill wheat, and contains about 20,000 inha- bitants. Lat. 38.45. N. Ion. 27. 1. W, Ttnet, Northunib, N VV. of Biliingham. Terela, in Down, UHter. Terejlent, Monmouthfhire, between the rivri Sro.vey and the Kcmpney. Terca, T E R Teroa, an old town of Morocco. TERr.OVlSTA. Sse Targovisco. Terki, a town of Afia, in Circaflia. TerLxJinas, Cornwall, W. of Penzance. Terlefi.on.varJ, Lancaf. S. of Marton-Meie. Tarleton, Noitingh. between Nottingham and Stanton on-the-Would. "Terley Vaf- tle, StaiTordfhire, SVV. of Mucklellon. 'Tcrling, EfTex, 4. miles W. of Witliam. Termini, a town on the northern coaft of Sicily, famous for it's mineral waters, and there is a fine aqiiedii(5l, with feveral handfome buildings. It is feated on the mouth of a river of the lame name, in a territory abounding in corn and good wine, 20 miles SE. of Palermo. Lat. 3S. 5. N. Jon. 13. 4.4.. E. Termoli, or Termini, a town of Naples. Lat. 4.1. 59. N. Ion. 15. 20. E. Termuyden, a fmall town of Djlch Flanders, to the NE. of Sluys. Ternate, an illand of tl>e Eafrern Ocean, the principal of the Moluccas. It abounds in cocoa-nuts, bananas, citrons, oranges, almonds, and other fruits proper to the climate. There are alio a great number of birds of paraJlfe. It is a moun- tainous country, and there are a great iiumber of woods, which furnilh many of the animals called game. But it is of the greatell note for being a fpice- illand, which produces cloves, and is in the pof- feirion of the Dutch. The inhabitants are Mahometans, and very indolent. It lies a little to the W. of Gilolo, and 100 miles E. of Celebes. Lat. o. 50. N. ion. 127- 4. E. 'Terne, Yorkfhire, W. of Skipton. Terneus, a town of Flanders. Tern'I, an ancient and confiderablc town of Italy, in the territory of the pope, and duchy of Spoltjtto. Tlie cathedral is a magnificent ftru6ture, and the place con- tains about 12,000 inhabitants J but it was much more contider able formerly than ft Is now. The famous catara£l of the river Velino is a mile from this place, which is feated in an illand formed by the viver Nera, on v/hich account it was an- ciently called, Interamna, It Is 15 miles S. by W. of Spoletto, and 40. N. of Rome. Lat. 4.1. 34. N. Ion. 12. 4.0. E. Ternova, an ancient to.vin of Turkey in Europe, in Bulgaria. Terr.^cin.a, an ancient town of Italy, in the Campagna-di-Roma. It is greatly decay.^d on account of it's unwholeloine air. It was formerly called Anxur, was the capital of the warlike VoiicI, and the principal church was originally a temple of Jupiter. It is feated near the fen, on the fide of a mountain, 46 miles SE, of T E S Rome. Lat. 4.1. a^. ISJ. Ion. 13. tj, E^ Terra del Fuego. See Tierra DEL FuEGO. Terra Firma, New Castii^e, or Castile del Oro, a vaft extent of coun- try in South Airicrica, extending aliiioft from the tijuator to 12. i8. N. lat. and fiom 16. 20. to 80. VV. Ion. It is divid- eil into the lullowing large don, W. of Furnefs Fells. Teschen, or T^EssI^f, a town of Si- lefia, capital of a principality of the fame name. The inhabitants carry on a trade in leather, woollen ft iiffs, and wines ; and manufaflure a particular kind of i'ulce. A treaty of peace was concluded here 1779, between the emperor Joleph If. and Fre- derick III. kiufj of Piufa.u It is 27 miles SE. of Ratiborl Teskgdelt, a town of Morocco, 9a miles WNW. of tl.e city of Morocco. Tfi'lNO, a river <>f Italy, whicli liKs in Gothard, and miming through rl'.c Lake Maj^giore, fails into the Po, at Paria. I'tSSIL. S.e TCVEL. Tgsr, T E V TksT, or Tksk, a river wlilch lifiL'S m the NW. of 11 ini*, ana, waicring S'ock- brid^',e ami Rmiiliy, f-'Hs into the Bay ot Stutl'isinptort, at Refll>i iiige. Tejhrton, Noilolk, S. of Fakenhain. Tr-^i>ii/7g, MenoiK-ilifhiie, in N. Wales. 'Ti'jion. K';4it, on tlic M:rdway. TeJlzvooJ, Hiiiplhiu, NVV. of Soutiiiinpton. Tk TBURY, a town of Glouctrterfhire, wi;h a coittitltiahle trade: the iiiaiket is Jarf>.e for com, cattle, checfe, malt, yarn, wool, and piovifions. It is 15 miles ENE. of Kiilt.>l, Hnd 99 W. of London. fTihote, Dsvonfliire, near Launcefton, wlitrre tlie CI iw joins the Taniar. Tether- i>ic;o/i, Glouccfterfliire,6F.. of Thornhuiy. Telherton, E. and IF. \Vi tlliire, NE, of Ciiippenham, and NW. ot Calne. TtriCACO, a large lake of Peru, in CdUo, abiive 200 miles in circumference. *7';//":i'(M-/i',Oxfordfliire,between Thame and I"- .finjton. • TtUonheU, Clerkorum and Regis, St uT. NW. of Wolverhampton. Jetton. Che- (hire, near Sindbach and Middlewich. TtTUAN, a town of Fez, in Ahica. Tr.= houbcs have no windows toward the itne's, exccp" little holes to look out at j for the windows are on :he infide toward the court-yard, which is fuiroundtd by galleries ; and in the middle is generally a fdimtain. They are two ftories high, Mat at tiie.top, and the ftreets very nirrow. The drefs of bothfexes is miicli alike; but no hing 'of the women is to be leen in the ;-hire v/as dedicated. The rivtr ni'jving, wi^h augmented iapi;liiy, T E Y as it's channel is confined, at laft mfliesj at once, over a lofty precipice} the noife of it's fall relcjunds tiirough the hills and groves of Tivoli ; a liquid cloud aril'ei from the f(/aming water, which atttrv. ard divides into numhtrlels fmall cafcades, waters fcveral oichards, arni, having gain- ed the plain, flows quietly on till it lofes iifeit in the Tiber. The elegant foim of the Sybil's temple, indicates ii's iiaving been built when the arts were in the highell fl.ite of perfetlion at Ron-.e. It is leated on a point of the mountain, fronting the grand calcade. 'fe'verfall, Nottinghamf. nearMinsfitld. Ttvtrjharn, Camhridgef. near Fcn-Ditton, Tkviot, a river which riles in the mountains in the SW. of Raxburghfliire, and pafTing almoft through the centre oi that county, meanders beautifully through wide and f^irtile valleys, and unites wjth the Tweed, near Keilb. Teviotdale. See Roxb'Jroh- SHIRE. Teurart, an ancient town of Fez. Teuzar, an aiicir-nt and coufiderabie town of Africa, in Biledulgerid, divided into two parts by a river. It carries on a good trade, and is feated in a country abounding in dates. Te-w Dunff, Oxfordfhire, N. of Steeple- Alton. Te-ju, Great and Little, Oxloid- fliire, E. of Chapel-on-the-Hcath. 7>xu- ing, Hertforulhiie, NW. of Hcrcingtord- bury, on the river Maran, or Minerum. . *Tewkesbu.rv, a pretty large, beau- tiful, and populous town ot Glouceller- /hire. It's principal nvjnufaflure is that of cotton ■ftockings. It is plear.intly leaf- ed at the confluence of the Severn and Avon, 10 miles N. of Gloucelter, and loz WiNW. of London. Te^vijhill, Shropfliire, NE. of Nor'h Clebury. Texel, a tow;-! of the United Pro- vinces, in N. Holland, at the mouth of the Zuyder-Zee, withagood harbour. It: is ieated on an ifiand, wliich is ("epirarcd from the continent of Holland by a nar- row channel, through which moll of the Uiips pafs that are bound to Amlterdam, Lir. 53. 8. N. Ion. 4.. 51. E. Tey,. They, or 'Teife, a riier in SuflTex and Kent, 1 unnina; into the Bcala. Tejt Great and Lhtle, ElTtx, W. and NW. of Tey- Marks. Tey-Marks, Eifex, between. Cogecfiiall and Colchclfer. Tevn, a town of Bohemia. "Teynton, Oxfordihire, NW. of Burford. Tey/jio/:-DreiUt Devonshire, NE. of Chet^- fird, where is a coutideiable druidical UJVipie. ■ , . TiZAR, T H A Tezar, nn ancient and confiderable town of Fez, capital of tiie province of Ciizi. It is well inhabited, and tlie Jews carry on a conliderable trade here. There is a very large niolque here, being half a mile in circimference. It is feated on a finall river, 4-5 miles E. of Fi;z. Lat. 33. 40. N. Ion. 4. 1 5. W, Tezuco, a town of New Spain, feated on the Lake of Mexico, 15 miles from the ciry cf that name. It is an inconfider- able place, though the capital ol a large government. Lat. -20. 5. N. Ion. 100. zo. W. Tezela, an old town of Tren-tefen. Tezote, a town of Africa, in Fez. Thabo K, a town of Bohemia, on a fteep mountain of the fame name, fur- rounded by walls, and of difficult accefs. Thackerinton, Noithnmbtrland, SW. of Kirk Whelpington. Ibofrijion, North- umberlami, in Eknii manor. Thakam, SufTex, NW. of Stening. Tbakthnvaite, Ciimberl. in the pnrifli of Caftle Sowerby. Thame, or Tame, a town of Oxford- fliire, with a wcll-iurniflied niaikct on Tuefday. It is 13 miles E. of Oxford, and 4.5 NW. of London. Thames, the fineft river in Great Britain, v/hich takes it's rife horn a copi- ous fpring, called Thames-Head, 2 miles SW. of Cirenccrter, in Gloiicelierfhire. It has beenerroneoufly laid, that it's name is Ifis, till it arrives at Dorchel^er, 15 miles below Oxford, which, being joined by the Thame, or Tame, it afTimries the name of the Thames, which, it has been obferved, is formed from a combi nation of the words Thame and Ifis. What was the origin of this vulgar error cannot now be trac-ed, but poetical liftion has per- petuated it. " It plainly appears," lays Camden, «' that the river was always call- ed Thames, or Tems, before it came near the Thame; and in ftveral ancient char- ters granted to the abbey of Malmfbuiy, as well as that of Enfliam, and in the old deeds relating to Cricklade, it is never confidered under any other name than that of Thames." He Hkewife fays, that it occurs no where under the name of Ifis. All the hiftorians, who mention the incur- ficns of Ethclwold into Wihfhire, in the year 905, or of Canute, in 1016, concur likewil'e in the fame opinion, by declaring, that they paflld over the Thames at Cricklade, in WiltOiire. It is not proba- ble, moreover, that Thames Head, an ap- pellation by which the i'ource has ulually been diftinguilhcd, fhould give rife to n river ofxhe name of His ; which river, af- ter haying ru.i half it's >ourfe, (hould re« T H A afTume the name of Thames, the appella* tion ot it's parent fpring. About a mile below the Iburce of the river, is the firft corn-mill, which is called Kemble Mill. Here the river may properly be laid to form a conltant current j which, though not more than nine iect wide in the fum- mer, yet, in the winter, becomes lucii a torrent, as to overflow the meadows for many miles around. But, in the (iimmer, the Thames-Head is fo dry, as to appear nothing but a large dell, interiperfed with ftones and weeds. From Somerford the ftream winds to Cricklade, where it unites with many other rivulets. Approaching KenisFord, it again enters it's native county, diviiiing it from Berkfhiie at In- gleftiam. It widens confiderahly in it's way to Lechlade ; and being there joined by the Lech and Coin, at the diliance of 138 miles from London, it becomes navi- gable for vcfTels of 90 tons. At Enfliam, in it's courfe NE. to Oxford, is the firft bridge of ftone ; a handlbme one of three arch-s. Palling by the ruins ofGodltow nunnery, the river reaches Oxtord, in whole academic groves, it's poetical name of Ifis has been fo often invoked. Eciiig there joined by the Ciuirwell, it proceeds SE. to Abingdon, and thence to Dorchef- ter, where it receives the Tame. Con- tinuing it's courfe SE. by Wallingfoid to Reading, and forming a boundary to the counties of Berks, Bucks, Suiry, Middle- fex, Edex, and Kent, it wafties the towns of Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead, Wind- Ibr, Eton, Egham, Staines, Laleham, Cliertfey, Weybridge, Sh. ppertnn, Wal- ton, Sunbury, Eut and Weft Moulfey, Hampton, Thames - Dition, Kinglfon, Teddington, Twickenham, Richmond, Ifleworth, Brentford, Kew, Mt)rtlake, Barnes, Chifwick, Hammerfmith, Put- ney, Fulham, Wandl'worth, Batterft-a, Chelfea, and Lambeth. Then, on the north bank of the river, are Weftminlter and London, and, on the oppofiie fide, Southwark ; forming together one conti- nued city, extending to Limehoule and Deptford ; and hence the river proceeds to Greenwich, Erith, Greenhithe, Gray's- Thurrock, Gravelcnd, and Leigh, into the ocean. It receives, in it's courfe from Dorchelbr, the rivers Ktiinet, Loddon, Coin, Wey, Mole, Wandle, Lea, Rod- ing, Darent, and Mcdway. Tiiongh the Thames is laiti to be navigable 138 niiks above bridge, yet there arc fo many flats, that in lucnnier, tlie navigation wellward would be entirely ftopped, when the iprings are low, were it not tor a numl^er of locks. Bat thcfc are a:t:i)deJ v.-i;h confideiable ex- . pnice i T H A pciirc ; for a Hirge irom X-echlarle to Lon- :c. to join the Oxfoni canal at Braunftcn ; from Weybridge, by Guilford, Godalmin, Vetersiield, &c. to the fea, between Gol- pori and Sourhampton ; to Biung:lloke, and from thence to Sonth-^mp'on- Water ; by the Kennet, to Hiingtrford ; irom Abingdon to Lechl.ule ; from Oxfoni ro Coventry; from Lechlade ro Stratjord- upon Avon; and irom Lechia*!* to the Severn, below Gloucelier. Tli.' tide flows up the Thames as. high as Rlchn-.or.d, »vhich, following thi wi'idinj;; of the liwr, is -^o -Miki lion th'j ccan i "a greater du- THE tar.ce than the tide is carried by any other river in Europe. 1 he water is efteemed 1 extremely wholefome, and fa for uie in | very long voyages, in which it will work itftif perfectly fine. TiiA.MES, a river of N. America, in the ftate of Conncflicut, which enters Longliland Sound, 4. miles below Ne>ar London. Thames Ditton, Surry, between Kijig- fton and Efher. Thandijion, alias pran- cion, Suffolk. Thanet, an ifland of Kent, comprifing the NE. ancle of the county. It is now kr parated from the main by the Stour, and a rivulet. It produces much corn, elpecially barley, and alio madder. The S. and W. parts contain rich tra6\s of mar/h land. The hufbandry of this iile, and of E. Kent in general, has long been famous. It con- tains the lea-ports of M-u'gate and Ramf- gate, and 8 other parifiies. Thanim^ton, Kent, by the Stonr, a mile SW.ofCan-erbury. Th.irfield, Hertford- fhire; on a hill, NE. of Roylton. Tharlehy, Lincolnfhire, S. oi Bourn. Tkarjlon, Nor- folk, SE. of Windham. Thasos, an ifland of the Archipelago, at the entrance of the Gulf of Conteffa, with a town of the fame naine, and a har- bour frequented by merchants. It was anciently famous to a proverb, for it's rich gold-mines. Lat. 40. 59. N. lon. 24, 3^. E. Thatcham, Berkfhire, a miles NE. of Newbury. Thaxted, a town of ElTex, feated near the fource of the Chelmer, 20 miles N W. of Chelmsford, and 43 NE. of London. Market on Friday. 'Thcale, Berkfhire, on the Kennet, 4 miles W. of Reading. Thebaid, or Said, a large country of Upper Egypt, bordering on Nubia. It is the Icalt feitile, and tiie thJnn«-ft of people of any province ir. Egvpt, being full of delerts, and celebrated for the retreat of a great number of Chrifiians, who lived here in a Iblitary manner. It is now inhabited by Arabs, great enemies to the Turks, and thieves by profeflion. Tkekarton, Suffolk, SW. of Dunwich. Thkbes, the ancient name of a city of Upper Egypt, now called Luxor. It wa« formerly celebrated for having 100 gates ; and there are now a great many magnifi- cent remains of the ancient city. Theses. SeeTmvE. Theciim, Northumb. NW. of Corenfide. ll:e.hHngn., Ar„trf-.:"s, Line mar buliflvret. T H I Sallfleet. ThedUthorp, L'mc. SW. of Salt- flre'by. Thtkejlon, Yorkfliire, near Bfidal. Theiesford, W.uw. N. of Clialcot. Thel- nctham, or Feltham- Suffolk, W. of Rtd. grave. Tkelton, Norfolk, between Difs anJ Harlcibn. Tbdh'jalL Chertiire, near Wairington. ThenJ'ord, Nortliamp. near Alh-op. Theobald's, Herts, by the New Rivir, in Chcfhunt paiifli, 12 miles N. of London. Here was a feat purchafed by King Jsmes I. and fometime a royal rcfi- dence } and here Richard Cromwell pafled the latter part cf his life very privately. Theodosia. See Caffa. Thera/n, Cornwall, NE. of Helfton. Thereck, Corn-.vall, SW. of Bodmin. Tbe- tejhy, LincolnlTiire, W. of Saltfleet-Haven. Therejlhorp, Lincolnshire, N. of Alford. Therefvjaji, Lincolnftiire, SE. vi Caftor. Therlejhouch, Derbyshire, in the Peak. Ther.mia, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, near the Gulf of Engla, 12 miles in length, and 5 in breadth, abounding in tot fprings. The foil is good and well cultivated, and they have a great deal of barley, wine, figs, and fine filk and cotton. Partridges are in great plenty. The principal town is of the fame name, and is the reiidence of a Greek bifhop. Lat. 37. 51. N. Ion. 24. 59. E. Ther'verton, Devonfhire, NE. of Credi- ton. Ther'verton, or Tha'vcrton, Devon- fliire, N. of Exeter, and on the fame river is a great thoroughfare. ThESSaly. See Janna. *Thetford, a town in Norfolk, for- merly the metropolis of the kingdom orf the Eaft Angles ; and in the 12th century, the lee of a bifhop, and a place of note, with 20 churches, a of which now only remain. It is leated on the Thet and Little Oufe, and the lent affizes for the county arc kept here. The river, which here divides Suffolk from Norfolk, is na- vigable from Lynn-Regis. The chief manufacture is in woollen cloth and paper. It is -^o mile SSE. ot King's-Lynn, and 80 NNE. of London. Market on Sat. Thctford, Cainbridgeihire, SE. of Ely. Theydon, Bois, Garnon, and Mont, Effex, are three villages in Epping Foreff , W. of the Rodings. Thibet, or Great Thibet, a large country of Afia, contidered by moft geo- graphers as part of Tartary, and extend- ing from the (burce of the Indus to the borders of China, and from Hindooftan to the deferts of Cobio. The length from E. to W. is about 1 500 miles, and the breadth unequal and not known. This country is one of the higheft in Afia ; it being a pait of that elevated tract wlucli gives life / T H I not only to the rivers of India and Chin»i but alio to thote of Siberia and Tartary, It is divided into three parts, Upper, Middle, and Lower Thibet. The Upper iies toward the fources of the Ganges and Bnrrampooter; the Middle is that in wiiich Lafia, the capital, is fuuated ; and the Lower, that vvhich borders on China. Little Thibet is fuuated between Upper Thibet and Ca(he;ur, and is rather a de- pendency of the latter than of Great Thi- bet. Confuiering the exceedingly rough and fteril Hate of the country of Thibet, and the feverity of it's climate, from it's wonderful elevation ; it is altonifhing, Mroom, S-afrordniire, SE. of Lich- field. Thkkley, E. and IF, Durham, S. of Biftiop Auckland. Thikrs, a town in the dept. of the Puy de Dome, famous for it's ftatuary, hardware, cutlery, paper, cards, &c. it is 22 miles E. of Clermont. Thimbleby, Lincolnl'. N'W. of Horncaf- tle. I'himhlethorp, Norfolk, near Repe- ham. Thmum, Northumb. in Hertedie- ved. thin^iion, oxVindon, Northampton!'. NW. of Higliam Ferrers. Thing^vall, Chefliirc, near Woodchurch, between the Dee and Merfey. Thinioft, Yorkfliire, near Northallerton. Thionville, a confiderable town in the dept. of Mofelle, taken by the Prince of Conde, in 164.3, after the battle of Ro- croy. It is feated on the river Mofelle, 14. miles N. of Mciz, and 195 NNE. of Palis. Thirkleby, Yorkf. near Thirfk. Thirkle- hy, Yorkf. NE. of Northallerton. "Thirle- by, Yorkf. SW. of Helmeflcy. Thirlejhy, YorkQiire, NE. of Thirlk. nirhva/l. Cajlle, Northumberland, on the Pi£ls Wall, NE. of Brampton. • Thirsk, a fmall town in the N. Rid- ing of Yurk(]\ire, with a fpacious market- place. It is 20 miles NW. of York, and zio N. by W. of London. Market on iVionday, Thirjhn, E. and W. Nortliumb. SW. oi Warkworth. 'iTiJfdton, Rctlandf. ia T H O the York, road from Stamford. Th'tflen' dale, Yorkshire, SW. of York-Woulds. ThijUeton, Lancafhire, NW. of Kirkh'am. 'thifik^Morth j fee Ijlevjorth. Tiiivu, orSriBKS, anciently TuEnES, an ancient and celebiaied town of Greece, in Livadia, with a bi/hop's ice. It was formerly very large, and yet is 3 miles in circumference, but full of ruins, with about 4 or 5000 Turks and Chriltians in ir. It is now f:imous for a fine fort of white clay, of which they make bowls for pipes after the Turkifli fafiiion. They are never burnt, but dry naturally, and become as hard as a ftone. Here are a mofques, and feveral Greek churches. Tile air of the country about Thebes is thick and foggy. It is feated between two Imail rivers, fuppoftd to be the Ifme- nus an. I Diice of the ancien s, 28 miles WN W. of Athens, and 290 SW. of Con- ftantinoplr. Tholy, ElTcx, in Mountnai.'ing parifh. Thoxssey, a town in the department of Ain, with a handfome college, 18 miles W. of Bourg, and aoo SE of Paris. T;5'»///;(?r/)/R\itlandl'. NW. of Stamford. Thomas, St. an ifland of Africa, ly- ing under the equator in 8 deg. E. Ion. It was dlfcoveied in 1460, and belongs to the PortugueCe. Jt is almoft round, and is about 30 miles in circumference. It is an unwholefome country for Europeans, although the riatural inhabitants often complete a century. Hie foil is well-wa- tered and amazingly fertile, producing the fruits of every denomination of the warm climates, in the utmoft perfection, with little labour or expence. It abounds alfo with a variety of animals, tame and wild ; and an infinity of the feathered kind. The rivers, as well as the furrounding fea, are flocked with an incredible variety of fiih. It confilfs chiefly of hills intermixed with valleys, which are conflantly filled with a thick fetid fog. However, it agrees very well v>'ith the cattle, which are larger and finer here than on the Guld Coaft of Guinea. Thcmas, St. Cornwall, near'Launcefton. Thomas, St. Devonlhiiv, SW. of Exeter. Thomas, Si. Herts, z miles from Ickland. Thomas, St. near Stafford. Thomas, Sr. a town of Cumana, S. America. Thomas, St. a town of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Coromandel, 3 iinlcs S. of Midras. Thomas, St. an ifland of the W. In- dies, to the E. of Pof to Rico, with a town near a f.ife and commodious harbour. The trade here, by illicit traffic, with French, Englifh, T H O Engllrti, Dutch, and Spaniards, is confi- derable ; ami, from the gieat plenty of money, provilions are dear. One part ot the town, the Branderburg quarter, is a fettlement of French refugees. The Da- rifh fattoiy is a large building, contain ing convenient wareiioul'es for the recep- tion of (laves, ftowage of goods, &c. In the hurbour is a fmall fort, without ditch or out- works. . It is i8 milts in cir- cumference, and belongs to the D.incs. Lat. 1 8. 12. N. Ion. 64. 50. W. "Thomas Street, in Rolconimon, Con- naught. Thomnflo-TMn, in Tipperary, Munlter. * Thomastown, 3 town of Kilkenny, in Leinltcr, 5S mik-s from Dublin. ThomOND, an ancient diftriif of Ire- land, containing the prefent county of Cla?e, in JVIunfter. Thone, a river in Somerfetfliire. Thonon, a town in the dept. of Mont Blanc, capital of Chablais, iiratetl 011 tiie X,ake of Geneva, 1 6 miles NE. of Geneva. Thoraldby, Yorklhire, on the Tees, S. of Stockton. Thorejhy, Lincolnf. near Bnr- weli. Thorganby, Lincoln!", between Mar- ket-Railin and Grimfby. Thorganhy, Yorkf, between Cawood and Pocklingtou, Tboringlon, Efftx, NW. of St. Olyth. Thori?!gtony Suffolk, S. of Blithborough. Thorkleyy Northumberl. W. of Newcaltie. Thorley, Ille of Wlglit, in Weft Medina. ^Tborley Hall, Herlfurdfliire, with a caully that leads to Bifliop's-Stortford. T'hor- manby, Yorkf. SE. of Thirfk. Tbormar- ton, Gloucelterl". near Cirencefter, Thorny Dcvonftiire, in Thornbury parifh. Thorn, a city of Weltern PrufTia, for- merly hanlcatic, and the chief city of Po- ]i/h Pruflia. In 1793, the Pruflian troops took pofleflion of Thorn, from which time it has been annexed to the dominions of that king. Jt is feattd on the river Vil'- tula, over which is a remarkable biidge, 70 miles S. of Dantzick. Thorn, Dcvonf. in Thornbiny paiifli. *Thorn and ?ari, Yorkf. W. of Scarbo- rough. Thornahy, Yorkf. SE. of Stock- ton- u pon Tees. Thornage, Norfolk , vS W. of Holt. Thornalby, Yorkihire, SW..of Midlam. Thomay Ijland, Hants, at the mouth of Chichclter Harbour. Thornbo- rough, near Buckingham. Thornborough, York(hu-e, NE. of Malham. Tbornbiirn, Nortiiun-.b. E. of Yarrow. Thornbury, De%onOiire, near Slupwafn. Thorn'ouryt Gloncefterfhire, NW. of Broomyard. Thorndury, a tovi-n ot Glouctfter- fliire. i'^aud near the Severn, 24 miles SSW. ot Giouctfter, and 121 W. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. T H O Thornhy, Northamp. near Gold AHiby.-" Thorndiff, Staff. NE. of Leek. Thorn- comb, Dcvonf. NE. of Axminlter. Thorn- cot, Bedfordf. near North Hiil. Thorndeny Kent, between Whitlfaple, Hern, and- S.valecliff. Thoniden, Kent, near Frendf- bury. Thormlcn, Suffolk, S. of Eve. Thomdon, Warw. in Nether Eatington pa- rirti. Thomdon, E. and //''. Eflijx, hetweca Brentwood and Horndon-on-the-Hill- Thorn£, an impioving town in the W. Riding of Yorkshire. It (lands in the marHi land, on the liver Don. Tiw tuif-moor fens, to the E. and NE. of this town, have been lately inclofed. The marflies alio have been drained, and ihe ground much I'unk, by a cut, 10 miles in length, from this place to Gowie, or Gowld Hill. It is 31 miles S. of York, and 166 N. of London. Market on Wed- • nelday. Thome, Lincolnf. near the Dun, in Ax- Iiolm-Hle. Thome, Somerf. has a bridore over the Parrct to Muchncy Uland. Thorne, Somerletf. near Yeovil. Thirne- Fazvcon. Somerf. near Taunton. Thornef . St. Margr.refs, Somerf. SW. ot Welling- ton. Thurner, Yorkf. W. of JJramham- Moor. Thornerlet, Durham, NW. of R.',- venCwortii. Thornef. Staff, near Siienllon. Thornep, Northamp. NE. of Pc'terbcrough. Thorney, Nott. NE. of Norni.rnron. Thor- ■ nry, SuUex, near Sclfey. Thomey-'Abby^ Camb. NW. of Ely. Thorney Lanes, Staff. E. of Pagrt's-Brondey. Thorney- Lee, Staff. N. of Mai brook. Thornvy,. Magna, Ific of Wight, in Weft Medina.. Thornford, Dorfctfhire, a iniles and a halt- SW. of Sherborn. Thomgrafton, North- uuib. near Boltingham. ThorrgumboJd, ■ Yorkf. S. of Headoi). Thornham. Ktnr, . ?. miles and a half NE. of Maid(to;ie.' Thcrnham, Lincolnf. NW. of Glnndioid- Bridge. Thornham, Norfolk, SE. of St. Edm^md'.s Chapel and Point. Thornham^ Parva, Suffolk, near Eye. Tbornkam, To-iver, Northumberl. W, of Rothbury.' Thornhaugh, Noithamp. near Wansford-* Bridge. ThomhUl, DorletOiire, W. of Stourminfter. Thornbill, St.ifford.'iiire, . NE. of P.aget's- Bromley. Thornbill, Yoikdiire, near Wakefield. Thornhill, a town of Dumfriesfliire,- where fairs arc held, chiefly for woollen, . yarn, and coarfe woolkn (tuffs. It is (i- tuated on the river Nith, 15 miles N. by W. of Dumfries. Thornkolm, York.liire, neir Kllham. Thornkope, Northumberl. near Kirkliau;.;h, Tbornley, Durhim, between Durham and Hartlepool. Thornthorp, Yorkfhirt, S. of New Malton,. Thorntk^4;aite, Cumb u«ac' Klj'Aick* T II O Kcrwlck. Ttornth-vnite Foref} and Hall, Welt.n. SW. of Rulgill. Ihornthnuate^ YorkJ'. W.ot Ri^)li.-y. Thornton, Bucks, between Stony- bi Lit t'ord ami Kiicking^ham. Thornton, Chcfh. on a branch of" the Gowy. Thornton, D(irh:»n), 3 Diijcs f'lom Stockton. Thornton or Thorton, Doi I'eK'. near Main- hull. Thornton. Lane, in Poulton parifh, In Amoiincltrni'rs. Thornton, Leicel'. near BaL^Aortlt. Thornton, Line, ne'ar Horn- caftle. Thornton ;ind Thornton College, Lincolnf. SSE. ot Birton ujion-Hiimber. Thornton, Northumberl. VV. ot Alnwick. Thornton, Yorkf. SW. of Pocklington. Thornton, Yorkdiire, near ShtiifF Hutton. Thornton, Yorkf. SE. of Thirlk. Thorn- ton, Yorkfhiie, near Multon. Thornton, Yorklhire, SE. of Pickering. Thornton, Yorkf. NE. of Yarum. Thornton, YorkiL SW. of Bradford. Thornton, Yorkf. near Skipton, in Cr;iven. Thornton, TAfhop, Yorkf. N. of Ripley. Thornton, Childer, Chelhire, E. of Ntfton. Thornton, E. and IV. Northumberland, W. of Morpeth. Thornton- Ho!i^h, Clielhirc, between tlieDee andMfrfey, Thornton m-Loiifdale,YoYkL W. of Langftredaie Chace. Thornton-in- thc-Beans, Yorkf. SE. of Northallerton. Thornton in f/;^- Moor, Yorklhire, NW. of Thirlk. Tkornton-in-the Street, Yorkf. N. of Thirlk. Thornton Rujl, Yorkf. SE. *>f A(kri{j. Thornton S/e-iuart, Yorkshire, E. oi Muil^im. Thornton ll'a:ias,York(. NE. of Malham. Thonruuood, Elfex, W. of the Livers. Thorolls Hall, Efllx, S. of the Rodin£rs. Thoroton, Kott. SE. of Bingham. Thorp, Derb. SW. of Wirkf- worth. Thorjy, Dorfetf, half a mile S. of Notton. Thorp, Durham, NW. of Stock- lon-upon-Tecs. Thorp, Effcx, near Ten- dring. Thorp, Leicel. SE. of Hinckley. Thorp, Lincolnf. near Wainfleet. Thorp, Liiicolnf. W. of Tatterlhai. Thorp, Nor- folk, 6 miles SW. of Yarmouth. Thorp, joear Norwich. Thorp, Northamp. NE.of Thrapfton. Thorp, Northamp. a mile from Oldwincle. Thorp, Nott. SE. of Gotham. Thorp, Nottingh. a hamlet of^Mattcrfey. Thorp, Nott. by Newark. Thorp, Riitiandi". in Seyton parifli. Thorp, Staff'. NE. of Tamworth. Thorp, SuHbik, in Aldring- ham parifh. Thorp, Suffolk, N. of Aid- borough. Thorp, Suffolk, NW. of Bil- dcriton. T/'or/J, Suffolk, E. of Dcbenham. Thorpe, Surry, near Eg;ham. Thorp, Warw. near Southam. Thorp, Yorkfliire, NE. of Kilham. Thorp, Yorkf. SE. of Pocklington. Thorp, Yorkl'. near How- den. Thorp, Yorkl". SE. of Bemard-Caf- tie. Thorp, Yorkfture, near Richmond. Ihorp, Yorklhiri.-, near Rippon. Thorp, Yorkf. NW. of Rotheiam, Thorp. Abbet's, T H R Norfolk, SW. of Harlefton. Thorp- Acrif, Leicef. NW. of Loughborough. Thorp- Arch, Yorkf. 2 miles fr< m Wethcrby, Thorp- Arnold, Leicef. SW. of Waltham- on-the- Would. Thorp Baffet, Yorkf. NE. of New Malton. Thorp- Bijliop's, Yorkf. E. Riding. Thorp Black, Oxf. NE. of A!Tn.rfden. Thorp Buimer, Durham, NW. of Hartlepool. Thorp- Conjlantim, Staff, near Clifton C^mviilc. Thorp, Eafl, Ef- fex, between Kelvedon and Colchelter. Thorp-Harris, Yorkf. NW. of Rippon* Thorp tn-the Fallo-zv, NW. of Lincoln. Thorp-Land Norfolk, S. of Great Wal- iingham. Thorp, Little, Durham, near Eafington and the coall. Thorp- Lodge, Effex, SE. of Tendring. Thorp, or Long Thorp, Northamp. between Cafter and Pe- terborough. Thorp l.ubnam, Northamp. by Harborough. Thorp-Market, Norfolk, N. of North Walfliam. Thorp Melf^juorth, Northamp. near Kettering. Thorp on - the. Hill, Yorkl'. S. of Leeds. Thorpon- the-Moitnt, SW. of Lincoln. Thorp. Parnja, Norfolk, SW. of Harlefton. Thorp-Roiv, Yorkfliire, NE. of Mafliam. Thorp- Sachfeld, Leicef. SW. of Melton- Mowbray. Thorp- Salnjin, Yorkf. SE. of Rotheram. Thorp Stapleton, Thorp juxta. Aquam, or Thorp Hall, Yorkf. W. Riding. Thorp-Under-Tvood, Northamp. near Roth- well. Thorp IP'illou^bby, Yorkf. near Selby. Thorfet-Hall, Dcrb^yf. in the High Peak. Thouars, a confiderable town in the dept. of the Two Sevres, feated on the river Thoue, 32 miles SSE. of Angers, and 162 SW. of Paris. Tkonuerjhy, Nottingh. W. of Tuxford. Thrandefion, Suffolk, NW. of Eye. Thrapston, a town of Northampton- fhire, feated on the river Nen, iS miles NE. of Northampton, and 75 NNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Tkraftonhy, Yorkfliire, near Scarbo- rough. Thraxton, Norfolk, W. of Wat- ton. Threapland, Cumberland, a hamlet in the parifh of Torpenhow. Three Castle Head, on the coaft of Cork, Miinlter, near Mizen-Head. Three Hills Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Three Lords, Carmarth. in S. Wales. Three-Mile-Water, in Carrickfergus- B:iy, in Down, Ulfter. Three-Sifters, three remarkable hills on the ifthmus be- tween Smcrewick and Fcrritor's-Creek, in Kerry, Munfter. Threlkeld, Cumberl. NE. of Kefwick. Thre/hfeld, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the ri- ver Wherfe, NW. of Barden-Tower. Thriberg, Yorkf. oppolite to Rowmarfli. Tkrickhy, Nyifvlk, W. of Caftor, Thrim. T H tj iy, Wcftm. in Moiland parifli. Thrin, a river in Norfolk, running into the lea near Yarmouth. Thnnljion, Leicefterl". E. of A(hby-de-la-Zouch. T'hrijihorp, Line. SW. of Markfct-Raifin. 'Throcking. Htvts, near Biintingford. "^throckloiv, or T/jrople, Northumb. W. of Morpeth. "Throggy, a river in Mcnmourhlhire, running into the Severn at Trinity- Chapel. 'Tkrogmorton ^ Worcefterf. jn the parifti of Fladliury and Vale of Eveftiam, 'Throp, Dor/etf. near Piddleton. T'hroptpn, or Thropleton, Nor- thumbcrl. W. ot Rothburv. Throjlelton, Devonf. on the Thriifhel, NE. of Lifton. Throfloti, Upper and Lo-iver, Durham, VV. of Hartlepool. Tbro-wley, Devonf. on the Taw, N. of Chegford. I'hro'uiley, Kent, 4 miles S. of Feverfham. Ithronviey, Staff, near Waterfall. Throxton, Northumberl. W. of Rithbury. Thrumpton, Nott. at the conflux of the Trent and Soar, SW. of Nottingham. Thrujhel, a river in De- I'onfhire. Thrujlington, Durham, NE. of Bithop-Auckland. Thrujifield, Staff, be- tween Molecop-Hill and Talk-on-the- Hill. Thruflhorp, Lincolnf. N. of Alford. T^hruxton, Hampfliire, near Weyhill. Thuin, a town of Liege, fcated on the river Sambie, 8 miles SW. of Charleroy. Thule. See FuLA. Thule, Southern, a part of Sand- wich Land, difcovered by Captain Cook in 1775. It is high and mountainous, and was entirely covered with fnow in the beginning of February, which anfwsfs to Auguft in the northern hemilphere. It lies in lat. 59. 54.. S, Ion. 27. 40. W. which being the molt foutherly land yet difcovered, gave occafion for it's name. Thun, a town of Bern, Swifleiland, with a caftle, where the avoyer refides. This is the place where they embark on the river Aar for Bern, 10 miles from it. It is pretty large, and feated at the NW, extremity of the lake of the fame name. Thun, a lake in Bern, Swillerland, about 4. leagues long and i broad. To judge by the fteepneis of the lofty moun- tains by which it is bounded, it muft be very deep. The borders are richly varie- gated, and prefent feveral fine p-^iftts of view, greatly heiglitened by many tagged rocks rifing boldly from the edge of the water. Thunder Bay, a bay, 9 miles broad, at the NW. corner of Lake Huron, in N. America ; fo called from ttie frequent thunder that is heard there. Thunderficli, Surry, near Horley. Thtuiderjley, E/Tex, near Walden. 'Thuri' 4erjley, Elfex, SW. of Rayleigh. Tkun- dridge, Hsrtftfrdf. a miles NE. of Ware, T H tr ^hunnock, near Gainfborough. Tburcaf- ton, Leicef. S. of Mountforrel. Thurefiy, Cumberl. between Wigton and Carlifle. thurgarton, Nottingh. S. of Southwell. Thurcau, a bailiwick of SwiflVrland, which lies along the river Thur, bounded on the E. and N. by the lake, town, and bilhopric of Conftance 5 on the S. by tlie territoiy of St. Gal; and on the W. by tlie cantons of Zurich and Schaffhaufen. It is the largeft bailiwick in Swifltrland, as well as the molt pleafant, rich, and fer- tile, being extremely populous. The fo- vereignty belongs to the eight ancient cantons, who fend a bailiff here in turn. Franenfield is the capital. ThurgolaT:d,Yot\^i, SW. ofEarnefley. Thuringia, a province of Upper Sax- ony, about 73 miles in length, and 75 in breadth, containing 60 towns, and 674. villages. It is fertile, abounding in corn, fruits, and wood, and watered by feveral rivers. It belongs moftiy to the elector of S->.xony. 'Thurland, Lane, a little above Hoi-nby- Caftle, on the fame river, tkurlajion, Warwickfliire, SE. of Dunmore-Heathi 'Thurtebar, Cornwall, nearStratton. "Thur- Icpotf Cumberland, near Kefwick. ♦ThuRles, a town of Tipperary, In Munfter, feated on the liver Suir, which divides it into nearly two equal parts, 70 miles from Dublin. ThurUJion, SE. of Derby. Thurlefton, Devonlhire, near Kingfbridge. Thurley, 4. miles from Bedford. Thurlmere, a river in Cuinh. near Kefwick. T/:urlo-iv, Mag- na and Parva, Suffolk, on the Stour, N. of Havcril. Tkurhxton, Somerf. NE. of Taunton, 'Thurljioti, Leic. NE. of Hinck- ley, 'thurmajhn, NE. of Leicefter. Thurnby, SE. of Leicefter. Tkurnby^ Weltm. N. of Sliapp. Thume, Norfolk, E. of S. WalHiam. '•Thurnkam, S. of Lan- calter. 'Thurning, Huntingd. near Great Gidding and Luddlngton. Thurning, Nor- folk, NE. of Fouiniam. Tkumfco, Yorkf* 5 miles from Doncafter. Thurringtottt Suffolk, N W. of Dunwich. Tburrock, E. and IV. Elfex, near Gray's Tiuirrock. Tkurjhy, Lincolnf, E. of Alford. 'Thurjhy, Yorkf. NE. of Midlam. thurjhy, Cum- berl. near Aikton. Tkursford, Norfolk, between Hoit and Great Walfmgham. Thurjland Yorklhire, W. of Birncfley. T^hurjley. Surry, in Witley parifh. Thurso, a fea-port of Caithnefslhire, on the N. coaff, with a confiderable trade, and a manufaflory of woollen and linen cloth. There is a falnion fifliery at the mouth of the river Thurlb, and the cod fifliery alio givts employment to many. X X Tkurjianejley, T I D rhurjUiiejUyy Dorfctf. near Biiclpfrt. Thurpanton, Clit-lliirc, on tiic D.-C, neif Hvk Lake. •Thur/lkorp, Lmcolnf SE. of Silrfl.cthy, by the les. 1'huyjhn, Nort. Ik, between Lotldon and Yaruiyutb. I'hurpn, Suff.lk. S. of Pakcnhain. Thurvnjhn, Upper inii L''-(.vv, Dcrbyf. NE. of B 7I- fton ThuJ]ingtoiu L-rccC E. ot Mnint- forrel. fhujlon Mere, a river in Cumb. and Lane, which runs into the Fofle near Grakt-''o'd. Tbux'.on, Norfolk, between E Dvieliim and Windham. Thivaites, Cumberl. in Milium parifh, on tlie nver Dudden. Thxvale Cumb. W. of Pen- lit'.i. Thwate, Norf .Ik, SW. of Loddon. Th-Matc, Yorkf.E.of Keighley. Thi.'jntes, Cumb. near Grayltock-CalHe. Thivayt, Norfolk, between Baconfthorp and Noith Waldiun, Th^vajt, Sviffblk, on the road between I^ifwicb and Norwich. Thiviug, Yflrklhiic, N. of Kilham. TiANO, a town of Lavora, Naples. Tibherton, Glouc. 4. milt-s SE. of New- ent. 'J'i''bertoit, Shropf. W. of Newport. Tibberton, NE. of Worcefter, 1'ibenhavi, Norfolk, SE. of New Backenhim. Tiber, a great river in Italy, which rlfes in the Apennine mountains, and in the Fiprentino. It paifes into the pope's territory, waflies Bnrgo de Sr. Septilchio, Citta-di-Cdlel!o, Tbdi, and Rome, ro miles below which it falls Into the .NTcdi- terranean Sea, at Ollia. Tivere is it's modern nair.e. Tiberthzvate, Lancaj". N. of Fournefs- Fells. Ti!'£rton, Hercf. N. of the Golden "Vale. Tibjhclf, Derbyf. NE. of Alfreton. Tibthorp, Yoikftiire, N. of Bainton. Tich- burn, Hampfhire, §W. of Aliesford. ^ich- JJelJ, I'ichfitid B'!y'A\\(\ River, Hampfhire, rear Southampton. TickiLell, Norfolk, W. of Burnhain-Market, TiCKELL, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, 5 miles S. of Doncafter, and 155 N. by W. of Loudon. Market on Saturday. TiekencotBy Rutlandf. 2 miles and a half from Stamfon'., with one of the moft an- cient Saxon churches in the kingdom. Tiekenhall, Dcrbyf, SW. of Kegworth. "Tickenhall, Wore, near Bewdley. Tiek- ham, Yorkf. ne.'.r ShertrF-Hutton-Callle. Tickmarjh, Northamp. NE. of Thrapfton. 7'ickr:ani, Somrfetf. near Cievedon. Tiek- /o«, Yorkf. NE. of Beverley. TiJJenham, Gloucefterf. near Chepftow. TMhiglof:, Warw. by Stratford-up,-n- Avcm. TUe, or Till:, a river in €ornwalI, Tiderin-g- ton, Che/hire, in Macclesfielvl Foreft . TiDESWELL, a town of Derbyfliire, fo railed from a well that ebbs and flows at uncertain rimns, twice '?r thrice an how, T 1 £ after great rains; but in diy fummcrs it entirely ceafts. If is ^■.■■ mUcs NW". vk Derby, and 1 58 NN W. of London. Mar- ket on Wtiinelday. Tidmarfh, Bciks, a mile from Thcale and the Thames. 77^'W/«/o«,»Worcelitr- fliire, S. of Shipfton on Stour. TiDOttE, an iflar.d. in the Etftern In- dian Ocean, rne of the Mukiccas",i 5 miles SE. of Fernate, and W. of Gilolo. It is 30 miles in circumference, and produces cloves and flix. The Dutch have feveial forts on the ifland, though it has a king of it's own. Lat. i. 6. N. Ion. i 26, o. E. TidzOeU, Devuiiftiire, in Bidlcy parifh. TiEL, a to-i-n of D itch Gueldcrland. TiENCHAN, a town of Alia, in Corea. Tierke/ly, in Down, Ullltr, a miles NE. of Rathfryland, where there is a good cha- lybeate fpiing. TiERR.^ DEL EspirittJ-Santo, the mod weltern and Inrgeit illand of the New Hebrides, in tiie S. Pacific Ocean, being 60 miics in length, .ind 30 in br.adth. It was diiirovtre.i by Qn^iros, and vifitcJ by Captain- Cook, in 1774. The land is exceedingly high and mountainous, and in n>any places (he hills rife direflly from the fea. Except the cliffs and beaches, every part is covered with wood, or laid out in plantations. Eeilde the B^y of St. Philip and St. Jago, on the north fide of it, the illes which He along the S. and E. coaff , form feveral good bays and harbours. L\t. x6. o. S. Ion- 166. o. E. Tjurra-del FuEGO, feveral ifland* at the fouthern extremity ot America, fe- par:ited from the main land by the Straits of Magellan. I'liey take tlicir name from a volcano on the hirgifl of them. Tlicy are all very barren and mountainous; but from what Mr. Follct fays, in his voyage to the South Sea, the climate does not ap- pear to be lo rigi)iou3 and tempelluous as it is reprefented in Anf'jn's Voyage. Upon the lower grounds and illands, that were fhellered by the high mountains, he found I'everal forts of trees and piaiits, and a va- riety of birds. Among the trees was- Winter's bark-tree, and a fpecies of ar- butus, loaded with red fruit of the fize of fmall cherries, which were very well tail- ed. In Ibme phicts thee is alfo plenty of celery. Among the birds was a fpecies of duck, of the fize of a. guofe, which ran along tl-.e iea with amazing velocity, beat- ing the water with it's wings and Vtet. Jt had a gray plumage, with a yellow bill and feet, and a few while q-ili feathers. At the Falkland Iilands it is called a log- gerhead-duck. Ajnong tlie birds are alio plenty of t,ecfe and falcons. The rocks T I K of fome of the iflands are covereJ with large mufcle-fliells, the fifh of which is WiU flavoureil. The natives of this coun- try are fiiort in their perl'ons, not exceed- '"g i ^*^^f 6 inches at moft, tlieir heads 1^1 ge, their faces broad, their cheek bones prominent, and their nofes fl;it. Tliey have little brown eyes ; their hair is bhicJc and lank, hanging about their heads, in dilbrder, and befineared with train-oil, On the chin they have a few ftrnggling fliort hairs. Thofc which Mr. Folter faw had no other clotliing than a fmall piece of feal-(kin, whicli hung from their fliouiders to the middle of the back, being faftened round the neck with a (hing: the reft of their body was perfedliy naked. Their natural colour feems to be an olive brov^n, with a kind of glofs, refenibling that of copper; but many of them dii'guil'e thein- Iclves with Itreaks of red paint, and I'onie- times, though feldom, with white. Tiieir whole charadler is a (trange compound of ftupidity, indifference, and inaftivify. Their inilruments for filhing are a kind of fidi-giggs. They live chiefly on feals' lic-fli, and like the fat oily part moft. There is no apjjearance of any fubordina- tion among them; and from cheir indiffe- rence and inaflivity, they feem rather con- tent than very happy. "tiffield, Northamp. NE. of Towcefter. 'Tighe, Rutlandf. W. of Market-Overton. TiGRE, a piovince in AbyfTinia, 200 milts in length, and 120 in breadth. Tigris, a river of Afia, which rifes in the mountains of Arn.enia, and palHng by Diarbekir, Moful, and many other ci- ties and towns, unites with the Euphrates, when both together fall into the Perfian GuU below Bafl'ora. Tik.'ford, Bucks, near Newport. "Til- broGk, Bedf. N W. of KImbolton. Tilbu- ry, E^c-k, near Clare- H,\ll and the Yeal- danls. 'Tilbury, Wilts, near Wardour- /Caitie. rUbury, Eajl, EflVx, by the Thames, to the E. of Tilbury Fcrt, It is fuppofed to be the place wliere the em- peror Claudius croflTed the Thames, in purfuit of the Biitons. In this parifh is. a field, called Cave Field, in which is a horizontal pafTage to one of the fpacious caverns in the neighbouring parifh of Chadweil. Of thefe Camden has given a fkeich in his Britannia; and he defcribes them as in a chalk clllf, built very artifi- cially of t\one, to the h.eight of ten fa- thoms. Dei ham meaftired three of the moft confiderable of them, and found the depth of one of them to be 50 feet, of an- other 70 feer, and of a third So feet. Their «rj?;;i is loo re':iote tor invelVi^a- T I L tion. Tilbury Fort, lies more well, oppo- fite Gravefend. Jt is a regular fortifica- tion, planned by Sir Martin Beckman» chief engineer to Charles II. with halfions, the largcft of any in England. It has a dotible moat, the innermoft of which is 180 feet broad, with a counterfcarp, co- vered way, raveiines, and tenalllcs. On the platform are mounted 106 cannon, from 24 to 46 pounders each, befides fmaller ones planted between them ; the bafHons and curtines are alio planted with gims. On the land fide are two redoubts of brick ; and here it is able to lay the whole country under water. The fijunda- tion of this fort is laid upon piles driven down in two ranges, one above the other, which reach below the channel of the ri- ver, and the lowermoff being pointed with iron, enteis the folid chalk rock which ex- tends under the Thames to the chalk hills in Kent. Tillhtry, Wefi, Effcx, fituated on the Thames, N. of Tiibury Fort, where the four Roman proconlular ways croffed each other. In 650, this was the iec of Bifhop Ceadda, or Sri Chad, who converted the Ea(l S.ixons. It is fituated by the marrties, which are generally flock- ed with Lincolnfhire and Lciccffcrfhire wethers, which are fent hither in autumn, and fed here till Chrillmas, and .this iii what the butchers call right niarfh mut- ton. In this parlfli Is a celebrated fpiing of alterative water, difcovered In 1717. Tilchurjh Beiks, W. of Reading. Tilef- n>:orlh, Bedfordf. near Chalgrave. Tiley^ Dorfeirtiire, in Great Mintern parifh. Tiley, Darletfhiie, near Cofmore Common. Tilford, Sutry, SE. of Farnham. Tilgatc and it's Forefi, SufTex, between Crawley and Slaughani. TiLLEMONT, or TiRLEMONT, a vil- lage of Auftrian Brabant, formerly a con- fiderable place, but ruined by the wars and by file. It is feated on the river Gcct, 9 miles SSE. of Louvaln. Tillingham. ElTcx, S. of Bradwell, by the fea. Tillington, Stiff, between Crcf- well and Stafford. Tillington, SuH'ex, near Pctworth. Tilmejioi, Kent, 4. miles S. of Sandwich. Tihiey and TilreySmeth, Nor- folk, in the marlh land. 'Zlt7«^', N.'ttingh. on the Idle, N. of Redford. Tilftj, or Tildfty, Lane, in the pi^rifh of Leigh. TUf- head, Wilts, 4 miles from E. Lavlngtoii. Till-Houfe, Devonlhire, near Rock-Bear. Tilfdovjn, Gloucellerniire, near Durlley, Tilsit, a town of PiufTian Lithuania. Ti/fofn, Shropf. SW. of Cltbury. Til- Jlocky' ShvopC. S. of Whitchurch. Ti'Jhfif CheHiire, NW. of Malpas.^ Til:ent, aixl, in fome lealbns, there is lit- tle fccurity for a Ihip at anchor. Lat. 15. o. N. Ion. 146. 0. E. Ti>iklct&n, Dorletfliire, SW, of E.re. TinUey, GloucefterHiire, in Nimpshcld pariQi. Tinmore, StafFordfliire, NW. of Tarn worth. TiNMOUTH, a fea-port of Northum- berland, leated at the mouth of the river Tyne, 9 miles E. of Newcartle. It has a calflc feated on a very high rock, inac- ceflibJc on the fea-fide, and well mounted with cannon. There is a bar acrofs the mouth of the ri%'er, which is not above Ieven feet deep at low-water. There are dangerous rocks about it, called the Black Middins ; but to guide the fliips by night, there are light- houfes fet up, and main- tained by the Trinity-Houi'e. Here are feveral falt-works, but the principle arti- cle of trade is coals. This place is now X much T I R rnncli refoited to as a watering place dur- ing the rummer months. Tin OS, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the S. cf Andros, 17 miles long, anci a broarl. The riches of this ifland confiit in fillc, of which they have 16,000 poimds - yearly; and the (ilk ftockings and gloves they make of it are remaikably neat. It was lately fubjecl to the Venetians. St. Nirolo is the principal town. Tititeni, in Wexford, Leinfter. Ttntern Abbey, and Lj.nk Tintern. \rcn- mouthfliire,beuveen Monmouth and Chep- Itow. TintinhuU, SomerfLtdiire, S. of 11- chefter. Tiavjell, Rutlandfhirc, fen the Wflland, SW. of Stamford. TiNTO, a river of Seville, Andaliifia, whofc watei"s are of a yellow colour, and petrifying quality. No animals, except goats, will drink out of this river, nor any f.{[\ live in it"'s ffream. It withers all giants and trees on it's banks. TiNZtDA.a townof Darah, in Africa. TiPERA, or TiPRA, a country E^ of Bengal, and bordering oiiMeckley ; part- ly independent, and partly fubjedt to Ara- ■can. Tjppkrarv, a county of Ireland, in the province of Miinllcr, 52 miles in length, and from iz to 31 in breadth; hounded on the NE. and NW, by King's County and Galway ; on the E. by Qjieen's County and Kilkenny; on the S. by'Wa- terford and a part of Limerick; and on the W. by Galway, Clare, and Limerick. The fouth parts are exceedingly fertile, and well furniflied with good huildings; but the north is inclinable to be barren, and terminates in a row of twelve moun- tains, the higheft in Ireland, and called Phelenj-dhe-Madina. It contains 147 parilhes, 30,700 hnufes, and i(k),ooo in- habitants. The river Suir runs through all the length of it, from N. to S. The moft confulerable places areClonmei, which is the county town, Ca(hel, and Carrick. TrpPERARY, a town in the county of Tipperary, Munller, 9 miles SSVV. of Ca/hel. Tipton, StafFordf. N- of Dudley Cirtle, Tiptrey Hoiife, Effex, SE. of the Braxieds. TiRANO, a town of the Grifons, in the Valteline, capital of the Ujiper Terze- ro, and relidence of the podelia. From the narrownefs of the ftreets, and number of ruinous houfes, it's general appearance is defolate. The river Ailda ilivides it into two parts. The chief trade is in wine and filk. It is 17 miles SW. of ^ormio. Tiraiijley, in Mayo, Coimaught. TiRff, a fniill but fertile illand of T I T Scotland, one of the Hebrides, lying to the SSW. of the Ifle of Col, and noted for it's marble quarry, and for a handfome breed of little horfes. The number of in- habitants, v^ho make annually about 245 tons of kelp, is eftimated at 2416. Hrre are 24 lakes, great and fmall, which cover about 6co acres. TiRLEMONT. See TiLLEMONT. TiRN AU, :i town of Hungary, 20 rr.ilef ENE. of Prefburg. Tirol, or Upper Austria, acoun- try of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and part of the hereditary dominions of that houfe. It is 150 miles in length, and 120 In breadth, and contains 12 towns, and 10 villages, which have markets. There are a great many mountains in this country, and yet it prodivces as much corn and wine as the inhabitants have occafion for. They have rich mines of gold, fil- ver, lead, and feveral l^iecies of preciou« ftones. The hunting of the chamois here is fomewhat dangerous, on account of the rocks which they take to. In this coun- try are included the county of Tirol Pro- per, the bifliopric of Trent, and the bl- (hopric of Brixen. Here are alfo profitable I'alt-pits, and medicinal fprings and hot baths. It is bounded on the N. by Ba- varia, on the E. by Carinthia and Saltz- burg, on the S. by part of the late terri- tory of Venice, and on the W. by SwilTer- iand and the country of the Grifons. In- fpruck is the capital. Tirreh-Hall, EflTex, by Dunmow. Tir- ringhafn, Bucks, on the Oufe, NW. of Newport. Tirthi/igton, Northumberl. in Bothall manor. Tifehurft, Sufl'ex, N. of Echingham. Tifled, E. and U\ Hants, between Alresfoid and Sclborn. Tiffuig- toti, Derbyfliire, N. of Afborn. Titan, or Levant, an illand of France, in the Mediterranean, the moft eailern of the Hit res. "TiU/jiTig, Surry, near Frimley and Hor- fill. Tiicorr.b, Wilts, N. ot Chute-Forell. 'Tithby, Nott. S. of Bingham. Tithering- ton, Gloucef. near Thornbury. Ti'her- ington, V/dis, E. of the Deverels. Tithcr- Ify, E. and /T. Hants, NW. of Kumfey. "ihberUy, Dorfetllure, near Cliardltock. TiTiCATA, or Chucuito, an illand in the bifhopric of Cuico, and viceroyalty of Buenos Ayies. It lies in a lake of the lame name, which is upwards of 60 leagues in circumference, and contains (everal other I'maller Klands. Titley, Herefordlhire, on the Arrow, N W. cf Pembridge. Titley, Northumber- bnd, in the barony of Wark. TitUngtojif N5rthumberland, NW. of Alnwick. Xx 3 TiTMANI.SC, T I X TlTMANiNC, a town of Sultzbiirg, in Bavaria, feated on tlie river Snltz;!. It was :ilmol\ reiiikTcd defolntc by the |)lague in nio, and was rcductd to aflies by Jighining in 1571 ; but it lias bei-n fince rebuilt. It is 20 niilts NNW. of Snlt/- Tilon, Nortliamptonf. near R.ivenftliorp. 'Titfy, Surry, N. of Linipsficld. Titjhally Niirgaret and Mary, Nortolk. NE. ot New Buck'-nham. "Tittenh anger, Htrts, 3 miles SE. of Sr. Albans. Titienley^ Clieftiire, SE. of Combermere. TitUnfor, Staflbrdf. near Swinerion. Titthtq, Surry, SE. of Guilford. Titt/fJiMll, Norfolk., between R:iinli3niH;ill and Mil;;liam. TiTUL, a town of Hungary. •Tiverton, a {louiifliing town of Dcvonfliire, noted for it's great woollen ininufafluie. It was formerly c:ilicd Twyford's Town, from two folds then over the Ex and Leman, wliere are now iicne bridges. It has fuffcred greatly by fire, having been almoft buint dowii fcve- ral times, particulaily in June 1731, when 200 of the beft houfes were deftroyed. It is now built in a more elegant tafte, and they iiave a new church erefled by fub- fcription. It is 14 miles N. of Exeter, and 161 VV. by S. of London. Markets on Tuel'dny and Saturday ; alfo one on Monday for kerfeys. Ti'verlon, Chefhirc, near Beefton Caflle. Iroiiiton, Cheflure, W. of Congltton. Ti- t'iot, or Chet'iot Mountams, on t!ie bor- ders of England and Scotland. TiuMEN, a town of Siberia, in tlie go- vernment of Tobolfk. TiviOT. See Teviot. TivOLi, a town of Italy, in the Cam- pagna di Roma. It is now wretchedly poor ; it is however, 'of greater antiquity than Rome itfelf, being the ancient Tibur, or Tobur, which Horace fays, was found- ed by a Grecian colony. Itwis the fa- vourite counwy relidence of tlie ancient Romans, as Frefcati is of the moderns. Near the bottom of the eminence on winch Tivoli (fands, are the ruins of t!.e vail and magnificent villa built by the enipcror Adrian. Horace is thought to have com- pofed great part of his works in this fa- vourite retreat. In the mnrktt place are' two images of oriental granite, reprelenr- ing Ifii, an Egyptian deity. Near Tivoli is a celebrated cafcadc, a Sibyl's temple, a magnificent villa bclcnging to the duke of Modena, and the remarkable Cake of Sol- fatara. Tivoli is feated on the river Te- verone, 17 miles N. by E. of Rome, and JO NE, of Frefcati. • fixall with it's Healb, a miles E. of 1^ O B Siafi'ijid. lixo'ver, l-lutlandrtiirc, in Kct- ton parifh. Tlascala, a town of Mexico, for- merly capiial of a province oi the f;;mc name. When the Spaniards firft arrived here, it contained, according to Acolla, 300,000 inhabitants, with a market-place I uge enough to liold 30,000 buyers and fellers } but Gemelli, who was here in 16955, fays, it w;is tlu-n become an ordinary village. It is 61 miles SE. of Mexico. TlAscala, a province in tlie govern- ment of Mexico, bountled on the N. by Guafteca, on the NE. and E. by the Gulf of Mexico and Guaxaca, on the S. by ti;e Pacific Ocean, and on the W. by Mexico Proper. It is the moft populous country of Spanifli America, the inhabitants being exempted from all ftrvices and duties to tlie crown, in confecjuence of having been originally allies to Cortez in the conqutlt of Mexico. Tne climate, foil, and pro- duce refemble thofe o! Mtxico Proper. ToEAGO, tlie moft ibuthward of the iflands in the Weft Indies, and the inoft- eaftward except Barhadots. It is 31 miles long from SW. to NE. and about 9 broad. The climate is not fo hot as might be cxpeiled from it's fituation fo near the equator; nor does it lie in the track of thofe dreadful hurricanes which frequently defcbte the other iliands. It is agreeably diverfified witii hills and valiS, and is equal in richncis of foil and prodr.ce to any of the iflands in thefe leas. It was ceded to the Englifh by the treaty of 1763, and to the French by that of 1783; but it was taken by the Englifh, April 13th, 1793. Lat. II. 10. N. ion. 60. 30. W. Tobago, Little, an illand near the. NE. extremity ot Toliago. It is a miles long, and a mile broad. i'ch'jerbitv.ny, in Dublin, Leinfter. Tob- bercorry, cr '^rubbercorr, in Sligo, Con- n.uight.' Tober, in Clare, Munfter. Toe- HeaJ, a high promontory in Cork, Mun- fler, a little to the W. of Caftleh'HVcn. Tobolsk, a confiderahle town of the Rullian empire, capital of Siberia, and of the government of TobollTc. It is feated at the confluence of the Iityfti and Tobol. It is inhabited by Mahometan Tartars and Buchariaiis, who drive a great trade on ijiat river. Tlie houfeS arc low ; the Tartars that live round this town for i"e- veral miles are all Mahometans, and their mufti is an Arabian: in general, they be- have \ery quietly, and carry on fome com- merce, but practife no mechanic trades. There are slfo a great number of Calmuck. Tartars, who fcrvc as flaves. All the Cbincfc caravans pals through this town, and T O F and aii the furs fiirniiheJ by Siberia, are brought herr, and t'funce forwarded to Moicow. The Riidinns commonly kid their ftate jinfoiiers hither. It is 800 riiiles E, of Mofccnv. Lat. 57. 30. N. Ion. 68. iS. E ToEOLSK> a govcrtiment of RufFia, which comprehends the molt confulciablc part of Siberia, includitig near 40 degrees <;ii longitude, and 23 degrees of latitude. Tohridge, Somenetf. W. of Taunton. To CAT, 3 condderable city of Amalia, in Natalia, the refiderice of a cadi, a way- vvode, and an aga, commanding a thcii- fand janizaries, and Ibme I'pahis, The houics are handfomely built, but generally ftand on une\'en ground. The Itreets arc pretty well p'.ved, which is an uncommon thing in tlicfe parts. There are fo many ftreams, tint each houfe has a fountain. There are about 20,000 Turkish families, 4000 Armenian families, and 400 families oi Greeks. . Bcfide the iiik of this coun- try, they maniuai5lure eight or ten loads of that of Perfia, and make it into fewing- fiJk. Tiicir chief trade is in copper vd- I'eis, fuch as kettles, drinking- cups, lan- terns, and candleftvcks. They alfo pre- pare a great deal of yellow Turkey lea- ther. Tocat is the centre of tr;;de in Na- tolia; for here the caravans arrive from Diarbekir in 18 days, from Sinop in 6, from Burfa in ^o, from Smyrna in 27, &c. It's territoi y abounds in tiuit and excellent wine, and it is 180 miles NW. of Ezeruin, and 250 E. of Conlfantinople. TocAYM.'v, a town of Terra Firma, in New Granada, feated on the liver Para, in a country abounding in fruit and lugar- canes. Lat. 4. 3. N. Ion. 73. 50. W. Toccotei, Yorkfhire, N. of Gilborough. TochohSi Lancaftiire, S. of Blackburn. TocKAY, a town of Hungary, in the country of Zimplin, celebrated lor it's wine, which, for ftrength ^nd flavour, is preferred to ail the other wines of Hun- gary. Souie difl.mce from it are large lalt-works. It is I'eated at the confluence of the rivers Bodrog and Teifl'c, 90 miles NE. of Buda. Tocklingtmi yG\o\\ctL in Olvefton parifh Tackzuith, Yoikt'. in Bolion parifli. Tod- bere, Dorfetl'. N. of Stourminrtcr. ''Cod- dlezieooJ, Northumberl. E. of Fctherlton Haugli. '^lodenham, Ciloucei'. 8 miles N. of Stow-on tiie- Would, and 6 irom Camp- den. Todgniore Bottom, Gioucflterf. in Bitley parifti. Todi/ivjoii, C oucelterf. NE. of Winchcombe. 'Tod Laiv, Northumb. near EUuen. Todnicrden, Lancaf. N. of Rociidale. Todzvkk,Yo\k\\Y.. of Shef- field. "Toft, 5 miles from Cambridge, T O L Toft, Che.liire, 2 miles from Tableigh. Toft, Lincolnf. W. of Bourn. Toft, Lin- colnl'. on tiie Ankem, SW. of Market- Raifin. Toft, Lincolnf. on the Dun, SW. of Barton-upon-Trenr. Tcft, Norfolk, SE. of Watton. Toft, Warwickl'. near Dunchurch. Toft Monacborum, N .rfolk, 8 miles SW. of Yaim-uth. Tift Fees, Norfolk, neai R.ninham Hi')!. Toft, H'eft, Norfolk, N. of Thetford. Tointons, Upptr and Loujer, Lincolnf. SE.oi Bullingbrook. TOKENBURG, Of TOGGENEURG, .1 county of Swideriand, depending on the abbot of St. Gal, as territorial lord, yet with a refervation of their rights and liber- ties. Jt lies among high mountains, be- tween Zurich and Appenzel, is fertile in corn and fruit, and is divided into the Up- per and Lower. Tohenham, Wilt/hire, SW. of Wotton- Baflct. ToDi, a town of Spoleto, Toledo, a conliderable city of Spain, in New Caltile, of wliich it was formerly the capital, and anciently a Roman colony. It is feated on a mountain near the river Tajo, and has an ancient -wall built by a Gothic king, flanked with 100 towers. It's iituation renders the ftreets uneven; they are alio narrow, but the houfts are fine, and there are a great number of fu- perb llrucluies, belide 17 public fquares, where the markets are kept. The fineft huildirrgs are the royal calfle, and the cathedral ; which laft is the richcft and molt confideiable in Spain. It is leatcd in the middle of the city, joining to a handibme llreet, with a fine fquare before it. Several of the gates are very large, and of bronze. There is alfo a fuperb fteeple extremely high, whence there is a very exteniive proipe(^. The Sagrariro, or principal chupel, is a real treafury, in which are 15 large cabinets let into the wall, full of prodigious quantities of gold and filver veilels, and other works. There are two mitres of filver gilt, fet all over with pearls and precious Hones, wirji three collars of maffy gold, enriched iu like manner. Tiiere are two bracelets and an imperial crown, dedicated to Mary the mother of Jefus, confilf ing of large dia- monds and other jewels. Tiie weight of gold in the crown is 15 pounds. The vefiel which contains tiie confccrated wa- ter is of (liver gilt, as high as a man, and I'o heavy, that it requires 30 men to carry it ; within it is another of pure gold, en- riched v/itli jewels. Here are 38 religi- ous lunifes, with :^ great number of cliurciies belonging to 27 parilhes, and fome hof- pitals. Without the tewn are the remains X X 4 of TOM of an ainphltUeatre, and other antiquities. It lias an archbiihop's lee, a famous uni- verfity, and feveral manutaitorics of filk and wool. The feciet of hardening fword blades, tor which Toledo was formerly fo famous, has been loft, but is faid to be again recovered. When one of thefe un- derwent the operation of tempering, if it was in the leaft notched by ftriking with it feveral violent blows on an iron head- piece, it was rejefted. Two centuries ago, the inhabitants were about ioo,ooo, but now are fcarcely 30,000. Toledo is 32 miles SSW. of Madrid, Lat. 39. 50. K. Ion. 3 45. W. To L EN, a town in Dutch Zealand, in an idand of the fame name, near Brabant, from whish it is feparated by a canal, 10 miles in length, and 4. in breadth. It is 5 miles NW. of Bergen op-Zoom. ToLENTiNO, a town of Ancona. ToLESBURG, a fea-port of Riga. Tokfinry, Eflex, near Maiden. Tolejhy, Yoi k/hire, N W. of Stokedey. tdejhunt, D^rcy, Major, or Beckingham, and Miliiis, or Knights, EflTex, near Tolelburj'. ToLHUYS, a town of Guelderland, on the Rhine, 6 miles WSW. of Emmerick. H re the French pafled that river in 167a. Tolland, Somerfetf. NE.of Wiveilcomb. Tollard Royal, Wiltfhire, near Cranborn Chacc. Tollajlon, Tollaton, or Ter'atOK, Nottingh. near Bingham. Teller Do^vn, Dorfetfhire. Toller dxvelme, Dorletl'. near Beminlter. Toller Fratrum, and Toller Porcorum, Dorfetrtiire, N W. of Frampton. Totlerton, Yorkfliire, in Gaitres jporeft. Tollington, Lincolnf. W. of the Deepings. Tolloghorton, in Waterford, Munller. Tollynadelly, in Galway, Connaught. ToLMEZzo, a town of Fruili. TOLNA, a town and county of Hun- gary, feated on the river Danube, 50 miles S. of Buda. ToLOZA, a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Bilcay, and capital of Guipulcoa. It is not large, but is celebrated tor it's ilcel manufactures, particularly of fword blades. It is 33 miles SW. of Fontarabia. Lat. 43. 10. N. Ion. 2. 5. W. Tolptddle, Dorfetftiire, near Tincleton. Tolj>uddel, Dorfetftiire, S. of St. Andrews Milborn. Toi.u, a fea-port of Terra Firma, in the government of Carthagena. In the envi- rons is found the celebrated balfam to which it gives name, being produced from a tree like a pine. It is 6q miles S. of C)iuthaf;ena. TOMAR, a town of Portugal, in Eftra- madura, feated on the river^Naboan, 65 miles NNE. of Liftjon. TON To MB EC, a town of Brabant. ToMBERLAiNE, a fmall iftand with a town of the fame name, on the N. coaft of France, lying on a fmall gulf, between Avranches and St. Malo. This ifland, and that of St. Michael, are every day joined, at low water, to the mainland. TOMBUCTOU, a populous kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, reprefented as lying to the SE. of the defert of Zahara, and W, of the empire of Cafhnah. The houfes in this country are built like bells, with walls of hurdles plaiftercd with clay, and cover- ed with reeds. They are the fame in the city ot TombutSlou, except a magnificent mofqiie of ftone, and the royal pahce, both of which were built after the defign of a Moor, who was baniftied from Granada in Spain. Here are great numbers of wea- vers of Cotton cloth ; and hither the cloth, and other European merchandife, are brought by caravans from Tripoli, Bar- bary. Sec. ami exchanged for ivory. Haves, fena, gold-duft, dates, and oftrich feathers. The women have their faces covered, their religion being Mahometar.ifm. Thev have great plenty of millet, wheat, barley, cat- tle, milk, and butter. Inftead of money, they make ufe of ftiells and fmall bits of gold. The king has a guard of 3C0Q horfemen, armed with bows and poilbned arrows, befides foot foldiers, who wear ftiields and fwords. He generally rides on an elephant. In the proceedings of the African Aflbciation, this place is mention- ed as a luxurious, opulent, and flourifti- ing city, fubjeft to a ievere police, and, a$ fuch, attrafting the merchants of the moft diltant (i^tes of Africa. It is feated near the river Niger, in lat. 19. 59. N. Jon. o, 8. E. ToMEBAMEA, a town of Qu^Ito, in S. America, where was a temple of the Sun, whofe walls, as the Spaniards affirm, were covered with gold. It is 120 miles S. of Qi^ito. Tomhaggard, in Wexford, Leinfter. Tomfon, Dorfetflure, near Blandford. Tomsk, a town of Siberia, in the go- vernment of Tobolfkoi, and formerly the principal city in Siberia, next to Tobolfk. It contains about ;oco houfes, which, as well as the public buildings, are principal- ly built of wood. The inhabitants carry on a great trade, this town lying on the great road through all the E. and N. parts of Siberia. It is feated on the river Tom, 168 miles NNE. of Kolivan. ToNDERN, a town of Denmark, in Slefwick, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name. It is feated on a bay of the Qerman Ocean, 37 miles NW, of Slefwick. TON Tone, a river in Somerfetfiiire. Toncley, Northuinb. NW. of Duiiftaburgh Caftle. ToNfGATABOO. See Tangataeoo. 'tonge, Kent, a mile and a half E. of Milton, ^onge, Leiccfterf. near Stanton- Harold. Tonge, Yorkf. SE. ot Bradford. Tonge Caflle, SDropf. 3 miles from ShifF- nal. Tongbam, Sjrry, NW. of Piitteii- ham. Tougley Hill-, Shropl". near Clun. TONGEREN, or TONGRES, a town of Liege, \z miles SW. of Maclf rich*:. ToNGUSiAN's.a people ot Siberia, near the Sea of Okotfic, fubje6l to the RiiiTians. They chiefly fubfift by grazing and hunt- ing of fables, whofe ilcins are very black. Ton NAY BouTONNE, a town in the depart, of Lower Charente, fe:ited on the river Boutonne, 10 miles VV. of Rochefort. ToNNAY Charente, a town in the dept. of Lower Charente, feated on the river Charente, 3 miles E. of Rochfort. ToNNEiNS, a town in the department of Lot and Garonne, feated on the Ga- ronne, 7 miles SE. of Marmande. ToNERRE, a town in the department of Yonne, 27 miles S. or Troyes, and 102 SE. of Paris. TONNINGEN, a town of Denmark, in Slefwick, capital of a territory ot the fame name. It is feated on the river Eyder, near the German Ocean, with a commo- dious harbour, 25 miles SW. of Slelwick. TONQL'IN, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on the N. by China, on the E. and SE. by China and the Bay of Tonquin, on the S. by Cochin-China, and on the W. by the kingdom of Laos. It is about 350 miles in length, and 220 in it's greatelt breadth, and is one of the finelf and molt confiderable kingdoms of the Ealf, as well on account of the number of inhabitants and the trade they carry on, as the excel- lency of the foil, and mild temperature of the climate. The country is thick fet with villages, and the ijatives in general ai'e of a middling ftature, and clean-limb- ed, with a lawny complexion. Their faces are oval and flattilh, and their nofes and lips of a neat form. Their hair is black, long, lank, and coarlej and they let it hang down their fliouldcrs. They are at great pains to dye their teeth black. The country is fo very populous, that many labour under extreme poverty tor want of employment. The money and goods brought huher by foreign (hips, particularly the Englifli and Dutch, put them in action ; but one third at leall of the money mull be advanced before-hand by the merchants; and the fliips ftay here till the goods are finilhed, which is gene- rally five or fix months. They are lo ad- TON dialed to gaming, that, when every thing elie is lolt, they will ftake their wives and cliildren. The garments of the Ton- quinefe are made either of filk or cotton; but the poor people and foKlicis wear only cotton or a dark tawny colour. Their houles are fmall and low, and the walls ei- ther of mud, or hurdles dauin-v1 over with clay. Th' y have only a giouiid-floor, with two or three partitions, and each room has afquare hole to let in the light. They have ftools, benches, and ctiairs} and on the fide of a table is a little altar, with two incenie pots thereon, which no houfe is without. The vill iges conlift of 30 or 40 houfes, furrounded by trees, and in tome places are banks to keep the water from overflowing their gaidens, where they have oranges, betels, pumkins, melons, and falad herbs. In the rainy fcalbn they pais from one houfe to another, by wading through the water, or by help of boats. In the only city in the kingdom, cilicd Cachao, are about 50;0oo houfes, with mud walls, and covered with thatch ; a few built with brick, and rooted with pantiles. In each yard is a linall arched building, like an oven, about fix feet high, made of brick, which lerves to fecure their goods, in cafe of fwe. The princi- pal lireets are very wide, and paved with Imall (tones. The king of Tontpiin has three palaces in it, iuch as they are; and near them aie Itaolcs for his hnrfes and elephants. They buy all their wives, of which the great men have feveral; but in hard times the men will fell buth their wives and children, to buy rice to main- tain themfclves. When a man dies, he is buried in his own ground, and if he was mafter of a family, they make a great feaft. The firit new moon in the year, that happens after the middle of Januaiy, is a great feltival; when they rejoice for 10 or iz davs together, and Ipcnil their time in allmanner of (ports. T heir com- mon drink is a kind of tea, like Chinelc bohea; but they make thcmlelves merry with arrack. At their great entertain- ments, they give their vifiianti arck, fold- ed uj) ill A betel leaf, daubed over with lime made into mor:ar. Thty have ano- ther gieat fealt in M ly, or June, wh:n their fiilt hatvcft is got in. Their reli- gion, which is founded on that o China, is Pagan, and yet they own a Supreme Being; their idols have human (}■. ves, but in very different forms. Tliey have like- wife fume refembling tlcphanti and horfes, placed in fma!l, low itniplo tiuilt ol tim- ber. The Chrirtian reli?;ion w;is tlta- blilhed here in i6i6, by the Jeuiit, B.ddi- nwty, TOO TOR rfinr.fy; aii.l in 1639, '''^■"•^ ^'^^^ 80,000 ToOMBS, a lange of rocks, 3 or 409 auivcris, who hatl built 200 cliurchcs at yirds in extent, called by tlit Scotcii, The fiicir own charge: it was utterly prolciib- Ci.OCHAN, and fitiiatcd in the B^y of at, however, in 1721, after feveral dread- Carrickfergus, in Down, Ulfter. They till pen'eciitions, attended with the iinpri- are covered at high water j hut at low- fMinient, tortine, and dcnth, of the mif- water they have the appearance of a range fionaries and their catechilts. The Ian- of cabins along the fliore. I^uape is' fpoken very much in the throat, 7'oome, in Antrim, Uiller. 'Toomeva. -and lome of the words are piynouhced r^, in Tipperary. Toomgraney j\nC\MX, tiirough iheteeih; it has a gieat rcfein- Mnnfter. bliincc to theChincie. They h:ive fchools Tooting, Upper, Surry, in the road from of learning, and their charaflers are the Southwark lo EpI'nm. Tooting. Lo^j.'cr, fame, or like thofe of China j and like Smry, 2 miles SW. of WandTworth. rhcni they write with a hair pencil. Tiiey Topa, LincoinC. near Torkfey. TopdijJ'y have luvtral mechanic arts, or trades, and Yorkfliire, N. Riding, feate 1 on the river export great quantities of their manuf:.c- Swaie, on a confKlerable al'cenr, 24. miles t^irts, at which they are very dexterous and N. of York. TopcUff, Yorkf. NW. of ingenious. Their fruit-trees are (aid to WakciirM. Tc/rrq/?, Norf. NW. o( Bun- excel all the re(t of Afia, in the flavour gay. TopesfieU, Elfcx, NW. of the H'-n- and beauty of their fi nit; and their ele- riinghams. T/j/^i^fW, MidJl. in Hornfey phants are reckoned the largell and nimblert parifti. Top-Houfes, Coniw. in Leilwithiel. 11) the WO! Id. The commodities are gold, ToPsHAM, a town of Dcvonftiire, the mulk, fdks, calicoes, drugs of many forts, port of Exeter, whe-ie all the large Ihips woods for dying, lackered wares, earthen lie. It is leafed on the river Ex, 5. niiies wares, fait, anileed, and woiinleed.' The SSE. of Exeter, and 170 SW. of London, Jncktrtd ware is fcarcely infeiior to that of Market on Thurfday. |,)pin, which is accounted the belt in the Top/lrcet, Herts, near Wheath-mftead. world. With all their merchandife, one ToR, a lea-port of Araliia Pctra-i, on would expecl (he people to be vtry rich } the Red Sea, thought by ioine to be tl>c but they are, in general, very poor, the ancient Elana. Lat. 28. 27.N. chief trade being carried on by the Chi- Torbay, a fine bay of the Englilh nele, Englilh, and Dutch. The goods Channel, on the coaft of Dtvonflure, a imported, befide filver, are falt-petre, ful- little to the NE. of Dartmouth, formed by phiir, Englifti broad-cloth, peppiif, fpices, two capes, called Bury-Point, and Bob's lead, and guns. Tonquin, about fcven Nof'e. It is lafe againft wcfteriy winds^ ctnturies ago, was lubje^t to China, till but a S. or SE. wind ibmetimes forces Din, a fatnous robber, threw off the yoke fliips to put out to fca. of fervitude, and placed the crown 0.1 his Toreole, a town in the Tyrolefe, own head. This independence has been Torbtyan, Dcvonf. SE. of Alliburton. the fource of many cruel wars and mife- Torbuck, Limcafhire, SE. of Well Darby, ries, and the fvmilies on the throne have Torckllo, a town of Venice, feated heen already changed fix times. The in a fmall illand, 3 iniles N. of Venice. ilTne of the laft civil war was a treaty, by Tordf.sillas, a town of Leon, wi:h which it was agreed, that the chouah, or a large and magnificent palace, feated on comp<:titor of King Le, and his defcend- the river Douero. It is 13 miles SW. of ants, were to have the abfolute command Valladolid. of the armies, with the greateft part of the Tgrgau, a town of MeiiTen, Upper levenues, while the /'Krt, or Ibvereign, was Saxony, with a caftle, the Itaircaie of to enjoy all the honours and external fplen- which is built in luch a manner, that a dor of royalty. perlbn may ride up in a chaife from the TONSBERG, a fea port of Aggerhuys, bottom to the top. There is a flourilhing^ 42 miles S. of Chriffiania. fchool here, and the inhabitants maintain ToOBOUAi, one of the Society Iflands, themfelves by brewing excellent beer, difcoveredby Captain Cock, about 5 or 6 which they fend to other places by means miles over. Small as it appears, however, of the .river Elbe, on which it is feated. there are hills in it of a confiderable ele- It is 37 miles EtJE. of Leipfick. vation, covered with herbage, except a Torign a, a town in the department of few rocky clifts, with patches of trees in- the Channel, with a caftle near St. Lo. urrperlcd to their fummits. This illand Terkitigton, Chefliire, between Nerbnry is plentifully Hocked with hogs and fowls, and the Goi'-Water. Torkf:ath Paikt and produces feveial kinds of fruits and Lancaf. near Liverpool. Tcryt/^j N W . of roots. Lat. 23. j^. S. Ion. 149. 23. W. Lincoln. Torletan, Gioucef. intbeparitt* of TOR of Coats. Torleton, Gloucef. In R jdmnr- ton pariHi. TorUn, Wiltfliiie, 3 miles from Holt, 'tormarion-, Gloiicelteifliire, 4 miles SE. ot Cliippiiig-Sodbury. TORMES, a rivrr ot Spain, which rlfcfS in Old Caftiie, palTcs by Alva, Tonr.es, Sahiaianca, &c. and falls into the Donero, a fc;w miles below Miranda-de-D.-ucro. "Torinounty Dcvonfliire, N.of Torbny. ToRNA, a town and county of Hun- gary, 14. miles SW. of Cafchaw. ToRNEA, a town of Sweden, in W. Bothnia, capital of a territory ot the fame name, with a good harbour. It is fcaud on the northern extremity of the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of tlie river Tcrniia. The Liplnnders, Ruilians, and Norwe- gians, relbrt hither to barter their ikins and other things, i'or what they want. It is 420 miles NN£. of Stockholm. Lat. ^5. 51. N. Ion. 24. 17. E. TOR.NEA, a river which riles in Lap- land, crolles the lake of Tornea, and falls Tnto a gult ot the fame name, at the town of Tune.i. Tor Nei'jton, Devo:iflilre, In Torbryan pari/h. Tor. NOVA, a town of Venice. TORO, a town of Leon, 17 miles E. of Zamcra. Torpenho^.v, Cumberland, between Bo- thill and Biayton. ToRPERLEY, a town in Chelliire, 9 miles SbE. ot Chelter. Markct-difultd. Ton\ a name given to (everal elevations en Dartn-.ore, in Devoafhire, ami in other parts of England ; fuch as Glanllonbury- Torr, in Samerletfliire, and that abrupt and frightful precipice, the Mam-Torr, in Dcrhy.-]iiciited lrincipal ftieet of this village. Tottenham and ?ark, Wilts, bv Savernake-Fortft. Tottenhoe, Bucks, by'Whaddon. Totter- i(o-^Mn, Somerktf. near Briftol. Totteridge^ Herts, near Ba.'-nct and Whetllone. Tot- T O U tington, Lancaf. W. of Rochdale. Tot- tington, Suffcx, near Stening. Totton, Hants, at the bottom of Southampton- Bay. To'vel, Kent, near Maidftonc. TOUL, a town in the dept. of Mmrthe, lately the fee of a bifhop. It is (eated on the river Mofelle, jo miles W. of Nancv, and 167 E. of Paris. TouLOMBA, a fortrefs of Hindoodan, in the province of Moultan, on the S. bank of the Rauvee, 50 miles ENE. of Moul- tan. Toulon, a celebrated city and fea- port of France, being the chief town of the dept. of Var. Before the revolution, it was the fee of a bifhop, and befides the cathedral, and other parifhes, contained 9 convents, a feminary, and a college. It is divided into the Old Quarter and the New Qnarter. The firft , which is very ill-built, has nothing remarkable in it but the Ruc-aux-Arbres, which is a kind of courle, or mall, and the townhoufc; the gate of this is furmounted by a balcony, which is fupported by two termini, tlie mafterpieces of the famous Pujet. The New Quarter, which forms, as it wei e, a fecond city, contains, befide the magnifi- cent works conftrufted in the reign of Lewis XIV. many fine houi'es, among which that of the late feminary is, beyond comparlfon, the grandeft, and a fpacious, oblong fquare, lined with trees, and ferv- ing as a parade. The harbour, refpeft- ing thefe two quarters, is diftinguifhed likewife by the names of the Old Port, or the Merchant Port, and the New Port. The Merchants' Havcn, along which ex- tends a noble quay, on which (lands the townhoufe, is protefted by two moles, be- gun by Henry IV. The New Haven was conftrufted by Lewis XIV. after the de- figns of Vauban, as were the fortifications of the city and harbours. In the front of this haven is the ropehoufe, built wholly ot freeftone, 6zo feet in length, with three arched walks, in which as many parties ot rope- makers may work at the fame time J and above is a place for the prepa- ration of hemp. The long fail-room, the dock-yards, the bafins, cannon foundry, armoury, working houfes for blackfmiths, joiners, carpenters, lockfmiths, carvers. Sec. are all very extenfive. The galleys, transterred from Marfeilles fome years ago, occupy at Toulon a fecond bailn in the New Port. Many of the galley-flaves are artifans, and fome are merchants. They no longer deep on board the gallies, but have been lately provided with accommo- dations on fhore, in a valt building, newly erefled for that purpofe. The Old and New T O U New Haibour He contiguous, and com- municate with one another by a canal ; they have alio an outlet into the extenfive outer road, v/hich is lurroumled by hills, and formed by nature almoft circular. The tJitrance on both fides is defended by a fort with ftrong batteries. In 1707, the Duke of Savoy and Prince Eugene laid iiege to this cky, but witiiout fuccefs. In 1 721, it fufTered greatly by the plague. The inhabitant<*were induced to furren- der this city in truft to the Er.glifh, in September, 1793; ^^^ ^^^ conCequences were dreadful. — Their new friends, in about three months, were driven out of the place} and the precipitation with which the evacuation was effefled, caufed a great part of the Toulonefe (hips and property to fall into the hands of the en- raged and implacable republicans. Of 31 fhips of the line, which the Englifh found at Toulon, 13 were left behind, 9 were burned at Toulon, and i at Leg- horn J and 4. Lord Hood had previoufiy fent to Breft and Rochfort with republican fcamen, wliom he was afraid to truft. The inhabitants are computed at So, 000. Toulon is lituated on a bay of the Medi- terranean, 27 miles SE. of Aix, and 388 SE.of Paris. Lat. 43. 7. N. Ion. 5. 47. E. Toulouse, a city in the dept. of Up- per Garonne, lately the capital of Lan- guedoc, the feat of a parliament, and the lee of an archbifliop. It is the largeft city in PVance, next to Paris and Lyons, al- though it's population bears no proportion to it's extent ; containing only 60,000 in- habitants. It was the capital of the Tec- tofages, who made fo many conquefts in Afia and Greece. It was next a Roman colony, and was fucceflively the capital of the Vifigoths (who dellroyed the fuperb amphitheatre, of which there are ftill fome remains, the capitol, and other Roman monuments) and that of Aquitaine. The ftreets are moftly broad, and the walls and houfes are built ot brick. The townhoule, a modern firucture, forms a perfect fquare, 324 feet long, and 66 high. The prin- cipal front occupies an entire fide of the grand fquare, lately called the Place Royale, Communicating with the ocean on one fide, and with the Mediterranean on the other, by the canal of Languedoc, which joins the Garonne a little below the town, Touloufe might have been a very commercial city ; but the tafte of the in- habitants has been principally for the fciences and belles-lettres. Of courfe] here were two colleges, two public libra- ries, and three academies. The little commerce of Touloufe confifts in Spanifh T O U wool and carpets, together with fome flight filk and woollen Ifuffs. The bridge over the Garonne is at leaft equal to thofe of Tours and Orleans : it forms the commu- nication between the fnburb of St. Cy- prian and the city. Tfie quays extend along the "lanks of the Garonne ; and it has been in contemplation to line tiicm with new and uniform houfes. Touloufe is 125 miles SE. 01 Bourdeaux, and 356 S. by W.of Paris. Lat. 43. 36. N. Ion. I. 27. E. ToURAiNt, a ci-devant province of France, N. of Beriy and Poitou, and di- vided into Hgher and Lower. The river Loire runs through the middle. It is 5S miles in length and 55 in breadth, and is watered by leveral rivers, very commo- dious for trade, and is, in general, fo pleafant and fertile a country, that it is called the Garden of France. Tour DE-RoussiLLON, a town ia the dept. of the E.iltcrn Pyrenees, feateJ near the river Tet, on a fpot where once ffood a city, called Rufcino. It is two miles E. of Pcrpignan. TouR-DU Pin, a town in the dept. ot Ifere, 27 miles SE. of Lyons. TouR-LA-ViLLE, a town in the dept. of the Channel, near Cherburg, with a manufaciure of glafs. TouRNAY, a confiderable town of Flanders, and capital of the Toiirnayfis, has feveral fine manutaflories, and is par- ticularly famous for good Itockings. It was taken by the allies in 1709, and ceded to the houfe of Auftria, by the treaty of Utrecht ; though the Dutch put in a gar- rifon, as being one of the barrier towns. It is feated on the river Scheldt, which divides it into two parts, that are united by a bridge, 14 milts S. by E. of Lille, and 135 N. by E. of Pans. TouRNON, a town in the dept. of Ar- deche, (eated near the river Rhone, 24 miles SSW. of Privas. TouRNUS, a town in the dept. of Saone and Loire, (eated on the river Saone, 13 miles S. of Clialons, and 202 S. by W. of Paris. Tours, a confiderable city, capital of the dept. of Indre and Loire, featcd on tile Loiie, and near the Cher. Over the former is one of the fiiicft bridges in Eu- rope, coniiltlng of 15 cllip'ical arches, each 75 feet diameter ; three of thcfe were: carried away by the breaking up of ice in 1789. This bridge is tcrminatsd, in a line which erodes tlie whole city, by a (trcet 24C0 feet long, with foot pavements on each (ide ; ar,d lined with fine buildings recently ereilcd. Under the minKtry of i.'ardinal T R A Carilinnl Richelieu, 17,000 pcrTons were employt-il litre in tl.c fiik rnainifidinrc ; at firiliiu, the whole iiumbu ot inh.ibiiaiUs is ahoiit 3 3, coo. The id wines irnde here ;tre much erteemcd. Tours is 117 miles SW. oi Paris. TouscRA, :> town cf Africa, in Bi- Icilulgeriil, leatPil in a coiintiv ahoumling in dates, and deptnilant on Tunis. Lat. 31. 30. N. Ion. 10. 55. E. I'oufty, Bucks, in Time parifli. Toiva, a rivei in Carman hmfliire. •*To\VCF.STER, a town of Norriiamp- fonftiire, with a mamiiaolorv ot lace and iilk. Ii. is 29 milifs S. of Northampton, and 60 NW. ot' London. Market on Tnelday. 'Towna'villy, in Donegal, Uifter. TOWRIDGE, a river of Dcvonfliire, which riles near the lonrce of the Taniar, and p;iiring by Toi rin^jjion and Biddetord, tliters the Severn at B irnitaplc-iiay. 'To^wcSy Llncolnl. W. of Louth. To- avin, Cornwall, E. of Gram pound. 7o- icin, a river in Wonigomcryfliire. To^vfi, Coinwill, W. of P^;idltow. Tolv/i Bo- rough, Kent, near Abpledore. Tozv/ilcy, Lancal'. S. of Burnley. 'to-^vn Place, Kmt. by Throwl^y. Toivvjlall, DevonI". near Dartmouth, has a tower 69 feet higii, that is a' lea-mark. Toivre, Lmcolnf. N. of TatterOial Ciiace. Toivtborp, Yorkf. NE. of Wilton. To-vtkorp, N..of York. lo-Tvtot, S. of N')ttinrt weie taken by the allies in 1704-. It is 22 miles NNE. of Treves. Trapani, a town of Sicily, in the Val-di-Mazara, with a harbour. It is a trading place, famous for it's fiit-works, and fiflitries of tunnies and coral ; it ii 45 miles WSW. of Palermo. Trapejhill, Effex, between Epplng Fo- reft and Chigwell. Tr-ipham^ Kent, near Wingham. Trapolizza, a town in the Morea, Trappe, La, a once-celebrated mo- naftt-ry in the depr. of Orne, fituated in a large valley, furrounded by mountains. Tae monks were famous for their auileri- ty, and keeping perpetual filence. Tratton^ Suflex, near Portfmouth. Tra van CORE, a province of Hindoo- ftan, extendmg about 90 miles along the coall of Malabar, and bounded on th;i N. by Myfore, and on the E. by the Carnatic. It is fubjeif to a rajdi, who is an ally of the Engllfli E. India Company. T'ravan- core, the capital, is loS miles SSVV. of Madura. Trave, a river of Holftein, which pafTes by Sedgberg, Oldefloe, and Lubec, and falls into the Baltic at Trave munde. Travemunde, a town of Holltein, feated at the mouth of the river Trave. It is the port of Lubec, to which it be- longs, and is tt miles NNE. of that city. In 1783, 951 'diips failed from (his port, TraUNstein, 3 town of Upper Ba- varia, on the Tiaun; near which are fprings of fait water j aifo a town of Au- ftria. Trautfnant, a river in C'irdiganfhire. Travv, a town of the late Venetian Dalmatia, feated on ths Adriatic, in a T R E fmall Ifland near the main land. It is i» miles W. of Spalatro. 'Ttwxvbrid^e, J[)cvonf. on the river For- ton, near Crediton. Trayguera, a town of Valencia. Treaks, Lancaf. NE. of Kiikham. Trebaj/el, Cornwall, NE. of Bolcaltle. "Trebe Jezu, Cornwall, W. of Gr' at Co- lumb, Treberack, Cornwall, W. o.'Cu melford. Irebert, Shroplhire, S. of Clun- Caltle. Trebia, a liver of Italy, which rifes in the territory of Genoa, and falls into the Po, a little above Placentia. Great numbers of ihe Romans, commanded by the conful Sempronius, after their defeat by Hannibal, were drowned in this river. ^Trebigh, Cornwall, near Sr, Ives. Treeigno, a town of Turkifh Dal- matia, 10 miles NE. of Ragufa. Trebissaccia, a town of Calabria Citra. Trki;isonm5, orTARABOSAN, a city of Tuikey in Afia, with a Greek arclilii- fliop's fee and a liarl)our, feated at tlie foot cf a pretty fteep hill. The walJs are almoit fquare and high tinbatdtd, and though they are not of the firlf ages, tney probably ttand on the foundations of the ancient inclolure which got this city the name of Trapezium. They are built with the luins of ancient ftrucf ures, on which are infcrip'Ions not legible, becaufe they are too high. The town is not populous j for there arc more woods and gardens in it than houles, and thcle but one llory high. The harboiu- is at the ea(l end of the town, and the mole built by the Ge- noefe is almoll dellroyed. Under the Greek emperors, it was ere(?\ed into a principali'.y, or empire. Alexis Com- nenes took pofliflion of it in 1204. In 1462, it was taken by Mahomet II. who carried David Comnenes, and all his fa- uiily, pril'oners to Conltantinople, where they were moilly put 10 death. It f^ands on (he Black Sea, 220 miles ENE. of Erivan. Lat. 41. o. N. Ion. 40. 25. E. Trebitz, a town of Igiiu, Moravia. Treenitz, a town of Ofls, Silen.i. Trcborough, Somerfetf. SW, of Nettie- comb. Irebcrovjy D< vonf. N. of Hculf- worthy. Trebiirgct, Cornwall, near Mi- chelltow. Tr^carroJ, Cornwall, SW. of Launctffon. TreJatk, or TnhaCyComwTil], near Lelkard. Treddingtan, Worcefteii. on the Stour, N. of Shiplton. Tredeoger^ Monmouthf. near Ulk. Iredegy., or T're. r/r^)i, Cornwall, near Cameltoul. Ired- ington, Gionctllerf. 2 miles and a hali vSE. of Tewklfjury. Trcdamclt, Moiunouriil'. 3 miles from Cacrleoii. 'l^redrujhn, Curn- wall. T R E wnll, near Bodmin. I'rccnflle^ Bttcknockf. 1re-E'uan,o\l're)iera'Vt:n, Hf:rcfoid(l near Kvnt-C!iurch. Trrford, or TrayforJ, SuT- Ux, bW. ot Midliiiilt. 'TrcJrt'W, Coiu- wull, iiem- Swaniiacuic. 'Tnj'rbhv, Car- narvonlliiic. . Trui-furt, ^ town of Hefie-Rhinfels, circle ot U|)|Hr Rliiiu-. TRiGANNON.a town of Cirdiganfhirc, featrd on the liver Tyvy, 15 miles SSE. of Abciiftwiih, and 201 W. by N. of London, M.nkft on Tiunlday. Trefianyan, Cornwall, SE. of Truro. *In'(;«rJi/t, Cornwall, N. of Bodmin. Ire^are, M mmoiithf. N.of Ragland-Cal- tlc. Tre^arin^et, Cornwall, on the coaft, NW. ot Cumeliord. Tregenno, Cornwall, S. of S . Ives. Tre'gL'rnon, C unvvall, SW. of Canielford. '^tregonnock, Cornwall, SW. of Port- Elliot. Tregony, a town of Cornwall, with a.mannfailure of ferge, having only aliout 150 lioufcs, poorly built. It is feated on the Fale, 14 miles NNE. of Falmouth, and 445 W. by S. of Ljndou. Market on SiUnrday. 1'regoodock, Cornw. near Launcetton. *rr£gotbuan, Cornw. 3 miles from Truro. I'n-guit, or Trequit, Cornw. E. of Pad- llow-Haven. 'Tregull, Cornw. SE. of Letkard. 'Tregunnon, Cornw. by the lea, SE. of Truro. Treban, Cornw. NE. of Truro. Trekarrexv, or "Trebaro-TV, Cornw. on the coall, S. of Tintagel. Treileburg, a lea-port of Schonen. Treljlick, Cornw. near Tregony. Ire- ifve, Cornw. N. of Letkard. Tr clank, Cornw. SW. of Launcefton. Trelafe, Cornw, E. of Padltow- Haven. Trelajk, Coinw. SE. of Canielford. Trela-ivney, Cornw. W. of the Lows. 7'releck, near Monmouth. TrclejUck, Cornw. nearTrc- s;uny. Trelejiick, Cornw. near Sr. Allan. ^relo-votjuith, or Tre[anoi.vth, Cornw. SE. ot Grumpound. 'Trelo^.vren-Park, Cornw. near Helilon. Tremcd'e, or Tremaly^ Cornw. NE. of Letkard. "Tremadart, Cornw. SW. of Letkard. Tremanlon- Park, Hants, near Sidmanton. Trema- ton, Cornw. W. of Saltafti, liad a cattle, ihat was anciently the feat of the earls and other chict governors of Cornwall. It is row in ruins, and as thick tapctlried with ivy, as it was formerly with arras. Trem- brofe, Cornw. SW. of Helford-Haven. Ircmene, Cornw. NW. of Launcelton. Tremesen, or Tlemsam, a pro- vince of Algiers, on the Mediterranean. It is above 370 miles in length, and 125 in breadth ; is dry, barren, and mountain- ous, except on the N. fide, where there are plains abounding in corn, fruits, and paf. T R E tures. The capital, of the fame namcj which is inhabited by poor Arabs, Moors, and Jfcws, is 50 miles SW. of Oran, and 200 SW. of Algiers. Lat. 34. 40. N. Ion. I. 29. W. Iremhale, EtTcx, In the parifii of Stan- fted-Monttichet. Tremiti, three fmall iflands in the Adriatic, near the coaft of Naples. They are called Caprara, Tremite, or St. Nicolo, and St. Domino. Tremoly, Cornwall, S. of Carantock. Tremouille, a town in the dept. of Vienne, 32 miles ESE. of Poitieri. Tremp, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, Tremavorth, or Tretnijuood, Kent. Trendle, N. and S. Somerf. near Taunton, 'Treneglos, Cornw. near Half- Drunken- Downs. TrenegO've, Cornw. NE. of Lcft- withiel. Treiioxvth, Cornw. SW. of Pad- ftow-Haven. Trenovjth, Cornwall, N. of Letkard. l^renjho-vj^ Devonf. near Comb- Martin. Trent, a city of Tirol, formerly im- perial i and famous for a council held here, which began in 1545, and ended in 1563. It contains no Itreets exa6Hy regular, and the houfes are in general old. Here is a large but antique palace, a cathedral, 3 parith churches, a college, and fome con- vents. It is feated in a pleafant, fertile valley, on the river Adige, 67 miles NW, of Venice. Trent, or the Trentino, a princely bithopric of Tirol, partly under the fove- reignty of the houfc of Auftria, although the bithop is a prince of the empire. Trent, a large river in England, which rifes in Staffordfhire, itfuing from three feveral fprings between Congleton and Leek. Flowing S. through StatforJ- ftiire, it takes a NE. dircflion, and enters Derbythire, forming, for a thort fpace, it's feparation from the counties of Lei- cefter and Nottingham. It enters the lat- ter county at it's SW, extremity, and thence crotTes obliquely to the E. forming, toward the N. part, the boundary between th.it county and Lincolnfhire, a corner of which it crotTes, and then falls into the Humber below Burton Stather. Canals are made, or making, to open a communi- cation between this river and various parts of the kingdom ; viz. from the mouth of the Idle, below Gaintboiough, to Bedford and Clnrftertield ; a cut to Lincoln, and from thence to Tatterfhall, Horncalil*;, Seaford, Bolton, and the fea j from near Nottingham to Cromford and Winfter; from the mouth of the Derwenr, one branch through the counties of Derby, Stafford, and Chcfter, to the Mtrfev, join- ing t R £ ing with another branch to Coventry aud Braundon, where it meets with the canal fi oiT) BiEntford ; other branches extend to the Thames at Lechlade, the Avon at Warwick, the Severn at Worcclltr, and many others. The Trent is of itlelf na- vigable from Biirtcn in Staffortifhire, but has the inconvenience of being fubje(5l to gie:U and freq.ui.-nt floods. Trent, Somerfetf. betw'en Ilchefter and Milburn-Port. Trentham, Statf, on the Ti ent, 3 miles from Newcaltie-unJer-Line. Trento:-!, a town of New Jcrfcy, of which frate it is the largeft town. It is jVated on the E. fi.ie of the river Delaware, 24 miles NNE. of Philadelphia. Trentz'jith, Cornwall, near Madern. Treovjen, or Traozuey, SW. of Mon- mouth. Trepto/i, Northumberl. in tlie manor of Roubirie. Treptow, a town of PruflTian Pome- rania, with a nianufnflory of ftockings -nd woollen (fu(rj. It is feated on the Rega, which is iiere made navigable, 11 miles SW. of Colberg. Trerene, or 'Tru-e've, Cornw. near Pliil- l.ick. Trerife, Cornw, SW. of Colii.-r.b- M.agna. Treroje, Conuv. W. of Fal- mouth Haven. Trefcol, Staff, on the li- ver Sne(tal, SW. of Wolverliainpton. "Trefeck, Herefordf. between Aconbuiy and Rofs. TrcJItani., Glonc. in Hawkfbury pnrifh. Treshanisu I-SLES, tourferrile iflands on the W. coaft of Scotland, between the Klands of Co! and Mull. Trejllian, Cornw. at the bottom cf Tre- vvardreth Bay. Tr(?/wfrf, Cornw. by Half. Drunken-Downs. Trcfmere, Cornwall, N. of Bodmin. Treforo, and Trefunger, Cornw. E, of PntUtow Haven. Tref- nvit/jin, Covnw. E. of Phillack. "Tretal. lock, Cornw. NE. of St. Columb. Tre- termane, Cumbcrl. near Afkerton-Cadle. *Trethilly,Qoxv\\\. E. of Falmouth-Haven. Tretbiiife, Cornw. NE. of Truro. 7?-^- thune , Cornw . SW. of Pad (low. Tretire, Herefordf. near Michael- Church. Treton, Yorkf. E. cf Sheffield. Trctzver, Brcck- Bockf. "Tre-uabees, Cornw. SW. of Hel- ibrd-H3v#n. Tre'vacus, Corn-.v. SE. cf Tregony. Trcvalgen, Cornw. NW. of St. Ives. Tre-valgy^ Cornwall, SW. of Bofcaflle. Tre'jafus, C^'inw. S. of Ti uro. Trevegay, Cornw. by Rufl^arrock. Tre- 'veloch Forejl, Shropfliirt. S. of Ofwelfry. Trevcna, Cornwall, nearTinfagel-Caftlc. Tre-venna, Cornw. W. of Padftow-Haven. Tre-vera, Cornw, near Padftow- Ha veil. Treves, or Triers, acityofGer. many, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, capital of aa archbilhopric of ih? fajre T R E name, whofe archbifliop Is an eUflor, af- iumes the title of arciichancellor of the empire for the Gauls, and gives the firft vute at the ele6titm of the emperor. The chapter condfts of 4.0 canons, including 16 capitulars and 24 domictlll. It has 3 colleges, a cathedral, 5 collegiate ind 5 pa- rifh churches, as alio 13 mohaftcries. and nurmeries, with a hohfe of the Teutonic Order, and another belonging to that of St. John. Treves has greatly ruftered in the wars, and rs now neither laVge nor populous. It is feated on the river Mo- felle, over which is r. Ih.ne bridge, in a fertile country, abounding in wine. It is reckoned one of the molt ancient cities iri Germany, having been fonreily a' place of note of the Treviri, and the capital of all Gaul, in the time of Conftanrine the Great. It is 20 miles NE. of Luxemburg. Treves, or Triers, an eleftorate of Germany, in tiie circle of the Lower Rhine, bounded on the N. by the elector- ate of Cologne; de, with a harbour reckoned the heft and fined in the Eaft Indies. It is fituated in a bny capable of containing a thoufand vefTels, where they may winter, careen, and refit, with entire fafety. The citadel, built by the Dutch, has four baftions, well fupplied with ar- tillery; it is fituated on a peninfula, and commands the harbour. It was taken from the Dutch by the Englifb, in Janu- ary, 1782 ; retaken by the French in Au- gult following; and reftored to the Dutch by (he peace of 1783. It has been again taken by the Englifh ftnce the commence- ment of the prelent war. Trincomale is 70 miles NE. of Candy. Lat. 8. 45. N. Ion. 81. 51. E. Triftco^v, Cornwall, near Padftow. *TrinG, a town of Hertfordshire, 2s miles W. of Hertford, and 31 WNW. of London. Market on Friday. Tringfcrd, Herts, between Long Mar- flon and Tring. Trinidad, an ifland in the Weft In- dies, feparated from Paria, in Terra Firma, by a ftrait about 8 miles over. The foil is fruitful, producing fugar, cot- ton, Indian corn, fine tobacco, and fruits ; but the air is faid to be unhealthy, the ifland being often covered with thick fogs. It is upwards of 70 miles in length, and from 6 to 30 in breadth; and was dilco. vered by Columbus in 1498. The Englifh have lately taken this illand, and yet con- tinue in poffeflion of it, having put in a garrilon of their own troops. Trinidad, atownof Guatimala, Mex- ico, on the South Sea. It is a very im- portant place, becaufe there is no other harbour on this coaft. It is 100 milet S£. of Guatimala. Trinidad, a townof Terra Firma, in New Granada, feated on the river Magde- lena, 30 miles NW. of Santa-Fe. Trinitj, Cornwall, near Polrudden-HUJ, W. of T R I W. of Trewardreth-Bay. Trinlty-Chapel, Dei by f. near Altreton. Trimty-Chapel, Devonf. on the coaft, by Dartmouth. 1'rinity-Chapely Monmouthf. oppofite to Auft-Ferry, over the Severn. 7'rinity'Pari/h, in Watcrf'ord, Munfter. Trino, a town of Italy, in Montferrat. ^Trip, Somerletf. in OJd Cleeve parifh, by Clatworthy. Tripall, or Trippall, a ri- ver in Northumberland. Triplonv, Cam- bridgefhire, near Fulmer. Tripoli, a city of Africa, in Bar- bary, cipital of a territory of the fame name. It is pretty large, and has a har- bour, the moff commodious of any along this whole coaft, except Alexandria. The houfet are low and mean, and the ilreets narrow, dirty, and irregular. It was formerly very flourishing, and has now fome trade in fluffs, faffron, corn, oil, wood, dates, oftrich feathers, fkins, and particularly Chriftian flaves, whom they lake at fea. At the W. end is a ftrong caftle, fortified after the modern manner, and furni(hed with fome large cannon. In 1685, Tripoli was bombarded by a French fquadron, imdcr Marftial d'Etrees, and the government compelled to lue for peace. It is leated on the Mediterranean, in a fandy foil, 275 miles SE. by S. of Tunis. Lat. 31. 34. N. Ion. 13. 12. E. Tripoli, a country ot Barbary, on the Mediterranean, E. of Tunis and Biledul- gerid ; and W. of Barca. It is about 600 miles from E. to W. but the breadth is various. Some parts of it are pretty fruit- ful ; but that toward Egypt is a fandy de- fcrt. It had the title of a kingdom, but is now a fort of regency, at the head of which is a dey, or bey, who is not merely a titular vaffal to the Porte, but really un- der fubjeflion and tribute. They have about 7 or 8 corl'airs, which, tliough they are moftly I'mall gallies, poorly manned and equipped, lake a great number of ihips. Here are a number of villages, very poor, and thinly inhabited ; but few cities or towns ot confcquence. Tripoli, a town of Syria, on the Me- diterranean, Tlie inhabitants are near 60,000, confiding of Turks, fchil'matic Greeks, Latins, and Jews. AH the houles have fountains belonging to them, with orchards, where the nopal grows fpontane- oully. The commerce is wholly in the hands of the French, who have a conful here, and three commercial houfe* within the town. They export coarfe filjcs, fpunges fidied in the road, exchanging them for cloth, cochineal, fugar, or VVclt- India coffee. The bafliaw farms the go- vernment from the Porte, on a leaie of one T R O year only, at 750 purfcs, or about 59,000!. per annum. In the territory about ir, are a great number of mulberry- trees, and other fruits. It is 130 miles S. of Scan- daroon, and 72 NW. of Damafcus. Trippils, Eflex, near Woodford-Wells. Trippleton, Herefordf. NE. of Brampton- Brian. Trist, a fmall, uninhabited ifland of Mexico, on the S. coaft of the Bay of Campeachy. Trifull, StafFordf. on the Sneftal Water, by Wolverhampton. TriJ'vcelt, Nottingh. SE. of Retford. ^ Tritchinopoly, a ftrong town of Hmdooftan, in the Carnatic, garrifoned by Englilh troops. It is 67 miles SSW, ot Tranquebar. Trithall, Cornwall, N. of Helfton. TritliKgton, Northumberl. N. of Morpeth. Trivento, atownof Molifo, N<*ples. Troham, Gloucef. a hamlet to Bifley. Troja, a town of Capitanata, Naples, Trois-Rivieres, a town of Upper Canada, which, under the French govern- ment, was the martorem porcum for furs and other Indian commodities. It is not very populous, though the inhabitants are wealthy, and the houfes large, and richly furniflied. It is feated on the river St, Lawrence, 55 miles S\V. of Quebec. Trokenhole, Cambridgeftiire, W.of Wif- beach. Troki, a town of Lithuania, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, 16 miles W. of Wilna. Tron, St. a town of Liege. Trone, Berks, in Wantage parifh. Trope A, a town of Calabria Ultra, feated on a high reck, near the lea. Troppau, a city of Silefia, the feat of the regency for the Auftrian partj 40 miles N. by E, of Olinutz. Troppau, a principality of Silefia, divided between the houfe ot Auftria ani the king of Pruilia. Tropez, St. a fea.port in the dept, of Var, feated on the Mediterranean, i x miles SSW. of Frejus. Troflon, Suffolk, S. of Fakenham. Trcjlrey, Klonmouthf. N. of Ulk. Trot^y, a river in Monmouthf. Trottefdiff, Kent, 2 miles NE. of Wrotham. Tratton, Suffex, near Petworth and Midhurft. Tro-veryn, a river in Merionetfhire. Treughzv^n, Northumberl. SW. of Ellcfdon. Trout- hecky a river in Cumberland. T'roulbeck, Weftmorland, near Bownefs, on the river Troutbeck, which runs into the Winder- mere- Water. • Trowbridge, a town of Wiltfliire, with a manufactory ef broad cloth, aj V y 1 milvB T R U )iii!(s S\V. of Maiilioioufrh, nnd 98 W. ol l.onJon. Maika on S.itviiil:>y. Trcivell, W. of Nottin-^hjiTi. 'Tro^vfe- hcwton-llalU 1 "liles NE. of Norwich. Ikoy, or Imum, an ancient .in re, however, it may he oblcrvei!, that though the giand fignior has luch prodi- gious power, he feldoni extends it to thofu tlut live a private liltr, iur thel'e may re- main as quiet as in any other jiart of the woiKI. The Turks were originally a Scyihian, or Tartar nation, dwrlling be- twixt the Biick and Calpian Seas, and btcanne firit known in the 7th century, whrn Herodius, emperor of the eslt, took them into his fcrvicej after which the Arabian and Saracen caliphs had particu- lar bodiis of them for guards, and filled their armies with them. Having gradu- ally got the power into their own hands, feveral govrrncrs of this nation revolted from the cdiphs. In 1214, Schah Soli- man, prince of Nt-ra, a town on tb.e Cal- pian Sea, pafTcd M.unt Caucafus with 50,000 men, making himft-lf mailer of fe- veral countries and places in Lefler Alia. His grandi'on, Othman, called his people after his own name. In 14-53, Mahomet II. took Cunltantinople, and reduced the whole Giecian empire under his dominion. The number of the janizaries, who are all infantry, and the flower of the I'urkilh forces, is generally 40,000. The navy is laid up at Conftantinople, near the arienal, and confifts of about 40 men of war, ex- clufive of auxiliary and hired fliipSj and galleys of a, 3, and 4 benches ot oars. The Englifli trade here has for fome years bctn greatly on thedeclinc. In the iP.ands, the merchants are gmerally French. The Turks believe in one Gcd, and that his great prophet is Mihoinet. Turk Mountain, in Kerry, Mun- fttr. It is fnuattd near Killarncy Lake, and affords one of the moft beautiful na- tural pro'p;£fs in the world. Turlamore, in Claie, Munfter. Turl'ny. Lincolnfhire, NE. of Aiford. TuAey and Hii^.v, Gloucelierfhire, 4 miles SW. of Tcwktfbuiy. T'.^rkughmorCy in Galway, Connanght. Tunnjjio'i, Hereford!'. S. of tht Gclden Vale. Tiaihridge Yorkf. E. of Snaith. 1'urnJitch Ckapd Dei by f. in Dufneld pa- ri(h. Turner's Hall, H^its, near the li- ver Vt.laiii and Flamfied. Tuner's Hill, Herts, between Wall ham Crofs and Chef- hunt Wafli. Turnirs Hdl, SulTex. Tur- ner's fiddle, or Toiur's Fiddle, Dorlerl. on the rivu Piodle, z miles K. ot Affp.'dle. Turiibam, cr Tkurnkam, Kent, 2 niiUs and 2 TUT a half W. of Maidftone. Turnknm- Green, Miildlefex, between Hamnierlmith and Brentford. TuRNiiOUT, a town of Brabant. Turnhurji, Staff. E. of Taik-on-thc- Hill. Turnimnd, Dorfetf. W. of Bland- ford. Turnnxiorth, Dorfeifliire, 2 niiies N. of Winterboine Stickland. Turmvorth, Hants, between Odiam and lialingHoke. Turlington, 3 miles from Cimbridge. Turrington, 5. and ir. Lincolnfiiire, S. of Market Raifin. TuRSi, a town of Bafdicata, Naplrs. Tttrfdate, S. of Duiham. Turnjey, Bed- fordfliire, SW. of Stevingtcn. Tur'vil- Court, Bucks, 5 miles from Henley-on- Thames. Tur^J-'eJlon, cr Tinvjejlon, Bucks> on the Oui'e, NW. of Buckingham. Tur- ^ick, Suflex, SW. of MidhurTt. Tufcan ?ofs, between the counties of Down ani Armagh, in Ulfter. Tuscany, a fovtreicn (fate of Italy, fituated between the Mediterranean, the pope's territories, the Modenefe, and the Itate of Lucca. It is about 115 miles irv length, and 80 in breadth, exciufive of fome parts dlOributed in the territories of Modena, Lucca, and Genoa. It is wa- tered by feveral rivers, of which tiie Arno is the chief. There are feveral mountains, in which are found mines of divers lorts, fuch as iron, alum, and vitriol. They have alfo quarries of maible, alabalter, and poiphyry, bcfides hot-baths and mi- neial waters. Many parts of it are fruit- ful in corn and wine, and produce plenty of citrons, oranges, pomegranates, anil other fruits. The inhabitants apply ihem- I'elvcs to trade, and have elfahlilhed divers manufaffories, paiticularly ot lilks, fluffs, fine eai then-ware, and gilt leather. This duch.' is divided into three parts 3 name- ly, the Fiorentino, the Pil'ano, and the Siennefe, to which fome add the iflands. Florence is the capital, which fee. Tuj'nwre, Oxforttfhire, NE. ot Fritwell. Tuftons, Svilfcx, E. of Rotherbridee. TuTACORiN, a town in the Carnatic, oppohte the Idand of Ceylon, where the Djtch have a failory. It is 60 miles NE. ot Cape Comorin. TuTBURY, a town of S'affoidflrire, affording a pioipeit, from a hill in it's nrighbouihood, over the rivers Dove and Ticnt, as far as Nottingham, befide other extenfive views. It is 15 miles E. of S;afford, arn 134 NW. of London. Tuthill, iNortolk, near 1 lictford. Tut- till, cr Tccthitt, Yoikf. bcwtm Brighoufe and Huthertfield. Tutt.cll, Waiw. near Tar'oick. Tultington, Norfolk, between Alciiiaoi T W I A'efiiam and North Walftiam. Tuttle Street, Middleltx, between Forty Hill and V/altliam Crofs. *ToxFORD, a town of Nottinghnm- fhlie> w!tn a well-endowed fieefcliool. It is leated in a clayey foil, i j miles N. by W. of Newark, and 137 N. by W. of London. Mai ket on Monday. TuY, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feated on a mountain, near the river Min- ho, in a country affording the richeft pro- ipefts of gardens, orchards, vint-yauls, ami cornfields. It is 62 miles S. of Com- poftella. "Izvade, Kent, N. of Milton. Tweed, a river of Scotland, which rifes in Peebles/hire, at Tweedrnuur, crofles that county, as alfo the N. parts of Selkirk/hire and Roxburgh(hire, and form- ing the boundaiy between Berwickfliire and Northumberland, falls into the Ger- man Ocean at Berwick. ^ TwEEDALE. See Peeblesshihe. 'Tujeedmouih, Northumberland, near Berwick. TwEEDSMuiR, a mountainous and heathy trail in Pceblesftiire. 1v:emlo-M, Chefliire, on the Dane, SE. of Northwich. Tiyifw^c-, Northundi. on the Woulds. T-zvcige, or Thwng, Yorkl. W. of Burlington. Tivejleton, Yorkf. NW. of Inglcton. T'-vjickhere, Devonf. near Merland. Tivickenham, a fine vil- lage of Middlefex, feated on the Thames, with many handfonie villas. Some gun- powder and oil- mills are on a branch of the river Coin, which flows here into the Thames. Ic is 1 1 miles WSW. ot Lon- don. Twcrofs, Lelcrfterf. SE. of Hog's Norton, Ttvicicil, Kent, near GiUing- ham. T-Lvidfiack, Cornwall, in Lalant parifli. Tavifcrd, Berks, between Mai- denhead and Reading. 'TvuiforJ, Bucks, NE. of Biceltcr. Tvuiford, Derbyf. in Bairow parifli. Ti.viford, Dorfetf. S, of -Siiattfljury. T'nxi'iford, Hants, z miles from Wmchefter. "Tzuiford, Lcicef. NE. of Bilfdoii. T'-z'jiJhrd, Norfolk, near Foul- Jham. T-iviford Bridge, Kent, near Net- tiefted. T-iviJord, E. and /A'. Middl. near Wtmley G:cen and the Brent, between Halfden Green and Perivale. 'Tivigzvorfh, nen.r Glouccfter. Txvinehnm, Si-licx, E. of Shermanhury. licmjJed, Eflcx, E. of Caftle Heninghani. Tnjjiiiiiig, Glouccf. 3 ;niles N. ot TcwkeRjury. Tvjitching, or Tuchjn, Devonf. NE. of Snith Moul- Jon. T'-mitham, Ktnt, near Winghim. 'Tivi'verton, Sumerl. 2 miles SW. of Bath. T'xe'h.t'f//, Noithamptoni. between Tlunp- fton and Kettering. 'T-wizellCnfJe, Nor- thumbeiland, near Grindon, S, of Nor- T Y R ham, and near the jun6lion of the rivers- Till and Tweed. T-iAjo-Mile Bridge, in Waterford, Mun- fter. T--WO Mile IVater, in Wicklow, Le infter, "T-iVQ Pot-Haufe, in Coik, Mun- fte:-. T-xvo If^aters, Herts, between King's Laiiglcy and Brkhamlted. Tnx'y, a river in Cardiganfture. Tyeer Island, at the mouth of the river Sivanii h, ip Georgia. Tyd. St. Gdes, Camb. N. of Wiibeach. X)'d, St. Mary's, Line, on the bank of the Nyne, SE. of Gtdney. Tye Corbet, ElTex, NW. of Nortli Ock'enden. Tyes, SuITex, between Siaugham and Bilcomb. Tykokzin, a town of Bielfk, Poland. Tyld Hall, ElTcx, between Lacbingdon and Althorn. Tylemoulh, Northumb. S. of Noiham, wlitre the Till falls into the Tweed. Tylen, York I". N. of Doncaftcr. TylyMn, Carmarthen!. 5 miles VV. of St. Cicre, where was the palace of Hot^ Dha, the firft fovereign of all Wales. Here he convened all his ckrgy, to frame a fyftem of laws, in 942. Tynagh, in Galway, Connaught. T^i- nan, in Aiinagh, UJiler. Tyne, the principal river of Nortluim- berland, formed of a ilmth banch, wjiich rifes S. of Aldltonc, in Cumberland ; and a north one from the hiils on the borders oi Scotland. Thefe uniting a little above Hexham, form a large river, which flow- ing to Newcaftle, enters the German Ocean at Tinmouth. Tyne, a rapid river which rifes in the S. part ot Haddingtonfliiie, warers the town of Haddington, and enters the Ger- man Ocean to the W. of Dunbar. Tyng, or "Teing, a liver in Devon/iiire, which runs into the Englifli Channel iX. Teignmouth. Tynmouth. See Tinmouth. Tyone, in Tipperary, Munlter. Ty- ran.vly, a barony in Mayo, Connaught. Tyrconnel, the ancient name of Do- negal, in Uilfer. Tyre. See Sour, or Sur. Tyriiigham, Buckinghamlhire, a parifl^ near Newport Pagnal, Tyrone, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulftir, 4.1. miles In length, ar.d about 30 in bieadth ; bounded on the N. and NE. by Londonderry, on the E. bv Armagh and Lmigh Neigh, on the S. and SW. by Fermanagli and Monaghan, and en the W. by D^inegal. It contains 55 pariftits, and about 28,700 inhabitants. Tiie foil varies exceedingly; in fome pans it is rich and fertile, in others rough and mountaiaousj but in general cultivu^:. Nwur T Y R T Z A Near Dungannon are fomc collkriei. The Tyfoe^ Warwickshire, at the fkirt of ilfjze town is Omagb. The bleach-greens Edgehill ; had a market. in it are principally fituated in the neigh- Tysted, in Alburg, N. Jutland, bourhood of Dungannon, Cookftown, and Tzaritzyn, a town of the Ruflian Ktewartftown. The linen manufaflory is empire, in Saratof, on the river Volga, cftiauted at i57.444-l' >early. V A L VAAST, St. a town in the dept. of the Channel, X4- miles ESE. of Cherburg. Vabres, a town in the dept. of Avei- ron, before the revolution, the fee of a bi- Aop. It has fome manufaftures of ferges, dimities, and cottons, and is 30 miles SSE. of Rodez. Vach, Bucks, near Amerftiam, Vac HA, a town of Upper Heffe, circle ef Upper Rhine. Vachtrry, Surry, in Cranley parifh. Vada, a fea-port of Tufcany. Vado, a fea port of Genoa. Vadstein. See Wadstena. Vaen A, a town of Cardova, in Spain, Vajingen', a town of Wirtemburg. Vaiseaux, a fmall ifland on the coaft cf Loufiana, between the mouths of theMif- ^ppi and the Mobile, with a harbour. Vaison, a town of France, in the Ve- traiffin, feated on a mountain, near the ruins of ancient Vatfon, which was one of the largeft cities of the Gauls. It is 15 miles N£. of Orange. VAt. SeeLAVtro. Valdai A, a town of Ruflia, in the go- vemmenc nf Novogorod. It contains fe- veral new brick buildings } and even the vroodcii boufes are more decorated than the generality of Ruflian cottages. It lies upon an agreeable (lope, on a lake of the tume name, and is 71 miles SE. of Novo- gorod. Valdaia Hills, hills of Ruflla, in Novogorod, which, though of no confxler- able elevation, are the highelt in this part of the country, Valdaia, Lake of, in Novogorod, is about 10 miles in circumtercnce, and is the brgeft in the country round the town ot Valdaia. In the middle of it is an Llar.d containing a convent. Val-di-Demojja, a province in Sicily, lying to the NE. part of the illand, about 100 miles long, and xo broad. It me;int the Valley of Demons, and is lb called, bccaufc Mount Etna, which is placed therein, throws cat flamts continually, which occaiioned fuperftitious psopU to 3 V A L believe that it was a chimney of hell. Meffina is the capital, VAL-ni-MAZARA,the wefterly divifjon cf Sicily, fo called from a town of the fame name. This province contains Palermo, the capital of the whole ifland. Val-di-Noto, a divifion of Sicily, fo named from the capital town. It is fitu- ated to the SE. of the ifland, between Val- di-Mazara, VaUdi-Demona, and the fea. Val-Ombrosa, a celebrated monaftery of Tufcany, in the Apennine mountains* 15 miles E. of Florence. Valckenburg, a town of Holland, 3 miles NW. of Leyden. Valckowar, a town of Sclavonia. Vale of White Horse, a fertile tra£l in Berkfhire, extending from Far- ringdon to Abingdon, fo called from the reprefentation of a horfe, cut on the fide of a hill, and occupying nearly an acre. The chalky foil which is hereby denuded, is a bright white, and is fo (trong a contraft to the furrounding green turf of the hill, tlut the figure may be fometimes feen to the diftance of iz miles. About midfura- iner every year, the people of the next pa- rifli go and weed it, in order to keep the horfe in fhape and colour. Vale Royal, Chelhire, on the Weever, E. of Delamere Foreft. Valedia, a fea-port of Fez. Valen^a, a town of Douro. Valenca d'Alcanxara, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura, furrounded by walls after the antique manner, and built upon a rock, 20 miles SSVV. of Alcantara. Valence, Elfex, near Dagenham. Valence, a city in the dept. of Drome, feated on the Rhone. Before the revolu- tion, it was the fee of a bifliop, and capi- tal of a diRrifl, called the Valentinois. Valence is 30 miles N. by E. of Viviers, and 335 S. by E. of Paris. Valence, a town in the dept. of Lot and Garonne, fituated on the Garonne, ix miles SSE. of Agen. Valencey, a fmall town In the dept. of Indre, zi miles N. of Chateauroux. Valencia, a province of Spain, for- merly V A L tnerly a kingdom; bounded on the E. and SE. by the Mediterranean, on the N. by Catalonia and Arragon, and on the W. and SW. by New Caftile and Murcia. It is about ^^o miles in length, and 5+ in it's mean breadth, and is one of the mod populous and plealunt countries in Spain. It is watered by 35 rivers, all of which run towards the E". In the mountains are mines of gold, filver, iron, alum, and fi- nopica, or blood itone : there are alio quarries of marble, jalper, &c. Valencia, a city of Spain, capital of the province of the fame name. It is a large place, containing about ia,ooo hollies within the walls, befides thofe in the fubuibs, and in the pleafure gardens round about it, which amount to much the f;ime number. It has an univerfity, founded in 14.91, and confilting of feveral colleges. It was taken from the Moors in the i jth century, who were all expelled. The ftreets are narrow and crooked, and being unpaveJ, are impaflable after rain. The cathedral, which has a fteepie 130 feet high, the palace of the viceroy, that ot Ciuta, the monaftery of St. Jerome, the exchange, and the arfenal are all fine ftruftures. It has feveral manufaftories of cloth and filk, and there are leveral re- imins ot antiquity. It is pleafantly I'cat- ed on the river Guadalaviar, zo miles from the fea, and 170 ESE. of Madrid. Lat. 39. 23. N. Ion. o. 10. W. Valencia, New, a town of Carnccas, Terra Firma, 6 miles W. of the town of Caraccas. Valenciennes, a city of France, In the dcpt. of the North, founded by the emperor Valentinian. It contains about io.ooo fouls. TJie Sclield, on which arc lome fine fluices, divides it into two parts. It is a very important place : the citadel, and the other lortificntions, are the work of Vauban. Thcfe were conftruiled by order of Lewis XIV. who took the town by ftorm, in 1677, after ij days open trenches ; and it was confirmed to him by the treaty of Nimeguen, in 1678. In 1793, it furrer*Jtred to the nllied army, comminded by the Duke of York, after a i'cvere fiege. The ;n and fquare is hand- fome; but the ftreets are in general nar- row, dark, and ciookcd. Bcfide lace, this place is noted for manufaftures ot woollen ftutfs, fine linens, and cambrics. It is 17 miles NE. of Cambray, and izo NE. by N. of Paris. Valentia, an idand which forms a fine harbour' on the SW. coalt ot Kerry, in Munftcr. It is about 5 miles long, half a mile broad, and of a lu.^cicnt V A L depth for vefTels to fall through at any time of the tide. Valentine, a town in the dept. of Upper Garonne. It is the ufual roail in- to Spain, and is 2 miles SW. of St. Gau- dens. Valenza, a town of Milan, Valetta, a city of Malta, and tlie capital of that ifland, built in i$^S, by the grand maJter, Frederick John dc Va- letta. It has the happiell lit nation ima- ginable, and is wonderfully Itrong, both by nature and art. It's walls are of larg-s fquare ftones, dug out of the rock, and planted with a great number of batteries. It is feated upon a peninfula, l>etwee» twa of 4he fineft ports in the world, which arc defended by almoit impregnable fortifica- tions. That on the SE, fule of the city is the largeft; it runs about 2 miles into the heart of the ifland, and is fb very deep, and furrounded by Inch high grounds and fortifications, that ihe largelt (hips of war may ride here in the inoft ilormy weather, almoft without a cable. This beautiful bafm is divided into five diftinft harbours, all equally faie, each capable of containing a vaft number of flupping. The moutU ot the harbour is fcarcely a quarter of a mile broad, and is commanded, on each fide, by batteries that would tear the ftrongelt fliip to pieces before fhe could enter. Befide this. It is fronted by a qua- druple battery, one above the olitr, ths largell of which is level wiih the water edge. The haiboiir on tiir N. fiJe, ! hough only ufed for fifhing, and as a place of tjuarantine, is likewife well defended: and in an ifland in the centre of it is a caftle and a lazaret. The fortifications of Malta are indeed a very ftupendous work. All the boalfed catacombs ot Rome and Naples are trifles, compared to the immenfe exca- vations that have been made in this little ifland. The tlitches, of a vad fize, are all cut out of the lolid rock, and extend nr.my •niles. The Turks belieged this city in 1656, but after many dreatlful alLuiltSj, were compelled to raile the fiecc, with tl)C lofs of 30,000 men. The inhabitants of Valetta are about aooo. Valet IE, a town in the dept. of Cha- rente, to miles S. of Augonleme. Valladolio, a city of Leon, capital of a principality of the fame nr,me, with an univcriity. It is cmbellifhcd with handfome buildings, large public iquares, and fountains, and contains 1 1 ,000 houies, with fine long and broad flieeis. The! marketplace, called K, Ciinpo, is 700 paces in circumference, lunounded by a great nutnb(.T ot convents. Theic is a«- oiher" V A L other fqiinre in the niidclk- of tlie city, fur- rounilLcl by h;incllbii)i- brick lioiids, hav- ing iimlcr tiicm piazzas, within wiiich are fliops. All tile houles .'ire the lame heigiit, l)<;inp; tour ftories ; ami there are balconies at every wiiuiovv ot iron gilt. The town- h Mile takes up the entire lide of a (quare. The houle oi the inq'iiliiion is an odd fort of a ftriiihire, for there are no windows, b'lt a few holes to let in the light. An academy of tiie belles letlres was eltahlifli- fd here in 1752. It is Itrated near the Doiiero, sa miles SW. of Burgos, and 95 JS[. by W. of Madrid. Valladolid. S-je Mechoacan. Valladolid, or Comayacua, a town of Mexico, on the confines of Nica- ragua, in Honduras. Lat. 14. 30. N. Jon. 87. 20. VV. Valladolid, a town of Mexico, in Yucatan, 75 miles E. ol Merida. Valladolid, a town of Quito, in S. America, near the Andes. Vallais, a coun'v of Swiflerland, call- ed in the middle ages Valefia, extending from E. to VV. about 100 miles, and from N. to S. about ^i. It is divided into Upper and Lower Vallais, and is bounded on the N. by the Canton of Bern, and the I^ake of Geneva; on the E. by Vaimag- gia, and Locarno; on the S. by Milan, Piedmont, and Savoy ; and on the W. by France and Piedmont. The Upper Val- lais is fovereign of the Lower Vallais, ami contains feven independent dixains, or com- monwealths ; namely, Sion,Gonis, Brieg, Viip, Leuk, Raren, and Siders. Of thel'e, Sion is ariftocratical, and the others de- mocratical. Tluy arc called dixains, be- caule the Upper Vallais being divided into leven, and the Lower into three diltridts, each divifton is a dixain, or tenth of the wiiole. The Lower Vallais is divided into bailiwicks. The Vallais contains about 100,000 inhabitants, who profeis the Romifh religion. The bifliop of Sion was formerly abfoUite fovereien over the greateft part of the Vallais ; hut his au- thority is now limited. He has the fole power of paidoning criniinals, and figns all the warranrs for executions. The mo- ney is coined in his name, and with the arais of the republic. ]n his aiSis, he ligns himftU Bifhop of Sion, prince of the German empire, and count and pixfe6l of the Vallais ; and the levcn dixains torm, conjointly with the bifhop, the republic of the Vallais, all the aH'airs ot which are tranfafled in a diet, which conlifts of nine voices, and meets twice every year in the Majoria houle, at Sion. At tliis diet the bifljop pieiidcs. The rejuiblic is an ally V A L of the thirteen cantons ; having formed a perpetual alliance v/ith Bern in 1475, and I with the whole Helvetic body in i5a9t The inhabitants of the Upper Vallais arc very much fubjecEl to goiters, or wens, that grow from the throat, and .often increalc to an enormous fize. Idiocy alio 1 einark- ably abounds among them. A country entirely incloled within high Alps, and ccjnlilting of plains, elevated valleys, and 1 luity mountains, mult nectlTarily exlfibit a I great variety of fituations, climates, xmA productions. Accordingly, the Vallais prelents to the curious traveller, a quick luccelTion of profpeo'ts, as beaut itul as they are diverfified : vineyards, rich palture giounds, covered with cattle, coin,-Hax, Iruit-trees, and forelts, occ.dionally bor- dered by naked rocks, the lummits of wliich are covered by eveilafting inow. The Itriking contraft between the paftoral and the fublime, the cultivated and the wild, naturally affects the mind of an ob- lerver with the moll pleafmg emotions. The produ6lions of the Vallais vaiy aifo, according to the great diverlity of climates, by v.hich this country is peculiarly dilfiu- guillied. It has more than fuificient wine and corn for interior confumpti jn ; and a cunfiderable quantity of both are yearly exported ; theloil in the midland and lower dilhiiJls being exceedingly rich and fertile. In the plain, wheie the heat is collc(5fed, and confined between the mountains, the harvelf is generally fini/hed in July; where- as, in the more elevated parts, bai ley is the only grain that can be cultivated with fiiccels ; and the crop is ftldom cut before November. About Sion, the fig, the melon, and all the other fruits of Italy, coine to perfciSfion. " In conieijucnce of this fingular variety of climates," fays Mr. Coxe, «' 1 talted, in the fame day, Itrawberries, cherries, plums, pears, and grapes, each ot them the tiatural growth of the country." There are no manufac- tures of any confequence in the Vallais, Ttie people are accounted both ignorant and inilolent ; fo that they inay be confi- dered, in regard to knowledge and im- provements, as much behind the Swils, who are certainly an enlightened nation. Tne peafants, having few wants, fcldcin endeavour to meliorate their lands, where the foil is bad ; nor to draw the mod adr vantage from thole that are fertile. Vallemont, a town in ihedepartment of Lower Seine, 16 miles N. by W. of Caudebec. Vallengin, a town and <^unry of Ncuchatcl, in Swilfcrland, 3 miles NNW. ftf \\\% towji of >?egchatcl, Vallers., VAN VaLleRs, a town in tlie department of Indre and Loire, where there are iniiitral waters. It is 12 miles WSW. ot Tours. Vallery, St. a town in the depart- ment ot Somme, and at the mouth ol the riv>;r Soinme, with conlidcrahle tr;i'diterranean, 3 miles W. of Nice. Varameon, a town in the department of Ain, feated on the rivcr Ain, 14 miles NNW. of Eourg. Varendorf, a town of Weftphaiia. Varennes, a town in the department ol Aliier, 1 4 miles SSE. of Moiilins. Varkn NES,a I'mnll town in tlie depart- ment of Meufe, and lite province of Bar- rois. Here Lewis XVI. his outen, lilier, and children, were arrefttd, in their flight fiom the Tuiiltries, in 1791, and conduct- ed back to Paris. It is 13 milts N. of Clermont. Var.va, a confiderable town of Bulga- ria, and cajitalof the ten itoryoi Drcbngia, Willi an archbilhop's lee, and a haibour ntir the mouth oi the river Varna, on the Black Sea, ^^ miles N. of Mefcmber, and 145 NW. of Conilantlnople. Varzey, a town in tiie department of Yonne, 31 miles /mm Auxerre. VA-S-stRBURG, a tovvn of Munich, Ba- varia, feated on the river inn, xH miles E. of Munich. Vassi, a town in the department of Up- per Marnc, 10 miles NW. of Joinville, and 1 15 E. of Paris. ypfitni, Great ar-.d Litl'.e, Wilts, near Lugger/hail. Vatan, U B E Vatan, a town ill tlic clcpar(ment of Indrc, Icatcd in a fine i>Iain, 8 mile* from Iiroiului). Vaucolf.urs, a town in flic depart- ment oi Ml-uIc, watered by the river Mcufc, lo mik s W. ol Tovil, and 1 50 E. of Paris. Vaoclu.sk, the name oi one of the finert (jiiings in Europe, 8 miles from Avignon, and near tiic lown of Ath. Vaup, Pays de, a pleafanr country €)f S^vilfeilaiv.!, in the canton of Bern. It e> tends nlong the Lake of Geneva, rifing giad.ially from the edge of that lake, and is richly hid out in vineyards, corn-fields, aitd luxuriant meadows, and chequered with continued hamlets, villages, and towns. Laufanne is the capital. Vaudables, a town in the department •t" Puy-de Dome, 5 miles from IfToire, and 240 from Paris. Vaudemont, a town In the depart- ment of Mcurthe, feated in a very fertile sountry for corn, 15 miles SE. ofToul> and iS' S\V. of Nanci. Vaudois, the Valleys of. He in Piedmont, in Italy, N. of the maiquifate cf SaUiz2o, the chief town in which is Lu- cerna. The inhabitants are called Vau- dois, and alio Waldcnfes, from Peter Waldo, the name of a merchant at Lyons, who oppofed the doctrines of the church ct Rome, in 1160. Being banifhed from France, he came here with his difciples The Vaudois underwent the moft dread- ful perlecutions in the laft century, and pnrticularly in 1655, 1656, and 1696. Vaudrevange, a decayed town in the dep.ntmcnt of Meurrhe, feated on the river Sue, 3 miles N. of Sar-Louis. yau.iy Abbey, Lincolnl". at Giimllhorp. fauxbdll, a village of Surry, and a pre- cinSi of the pariili of Lambeth, Seated on the Thames, and celebrated for it's gar- dens, which are laid out in a grand fade, •with fine pavilions, fhady groves, delight- ful walks, Sic. Ubarrovj, Wcdmorland, SW. of Ken- dal. Ubt'cjlon, Suffolk, near Yexford. UcEDA, a town ot Jaen, Andalufia, 3 miles E. of Jaen. Uberlincen, a free and imperial city of Suabia, feated in a bay of the Lake of C'ublic of Italy, which comprehends the following provinces ; the Dogado, Paduano, Vicentino, Veronefe, Brefciano, Bergamo, Cremal'co, Polefmo,- di-Rovigo, Treviiana, Feltrino, Bclliuiefe, Cadorino, and great part ot Fiiiili and Iftria. To thelis may be added a part of Dahnatia, the iflands of Corfa, Z:mte, Cephalonia, Paxo, Antlpajcu, and Ibme others. In the 4.th century, when Attila, king of Huns, called the Scourge of God, ravaged the N. part of Italy, many of the inhabitants abandoned their country, and retired into the iflands of the Adriatic Sea. As thefe iflands are near each other, they found means to join tliem together, by driving piles on the fide of the canals, and on which they built houles, and thus the fuperb city of Venice hail it's begin- ning. The government of the republic of Venice Is ariftocratic, far none can have any fliare in It but the nobles. The doge is elefted by a plurality of voices, and keeps his dignity for life, and they make ufe oi gold and filver balls, which are put in a vefiel, and ferve for ballottiiig. Thole who draw nine golden balls firlt, ele£t 40 counfeilors, who draw 12 others. Thele cleft 25 other counfeilors, who draw 9 golden balls. Thefe 9 eleSi 40 counlel- lors, who draw ir. Thofe that have the II, choofe 41 counfeilors, who proceed to the eleftion, till 25 votes, or more, fall upon the fame perfon, who is then declar- ed doge. After this eleftion, fhey place the ducal cap upon his head, upon which he takes poffeilion of the doge's palace. He never uncovers his head to any perlbn, becaufe he does not wear the cap in his ov.^n name, but in that of the republic. When there are any pompous formalities, a nobleman carries the Iword, wluch is an emblem of the fupreme authority ; but it is not before the doge, but before the fc- nate, to fliew that the power is lodged in them. The office of the doge is to marry tlie Adriatic Sea, in the name of the re- public, vi'hich he does, by dropping a gold ring into it annually ; to prdide in all aflcmblles of the ftate; to have an eye over all the members of the magiftracy ; and to nominate to all the benefices annexed V E N to the church of St. Mark. On the otLcr hand, he Is to determine nothing without the confent of the council ; he is not to open any letter addrefftd to the republic, or that comes from the republic ; lie is not to receive any prefent ; he Is not to leave tlie city without permiflion of the ftates; he is not to chooie an afliftant ; and he is never to rellgn his dignity. In (hort, he Is a.prl- foner in the city, and out of It he Is no more than a private perfon. There are five coun- cils, the firft of which Is compofcd of the doge, and fix counfeilors called the Signiora. The fecond is the Configlio Grand, or Grand Council, in which ali the nobles, who aicfaid to be near 2000, have a voice. The third is the Configll )-del-Pregadi, wliich confifts of about 250 of tlie nobility. The fourth is thi.ConfiglioProprIo,vviiofc mem- bers are called Savii Grandi, or the Grantl Sages, which join to the Signiora, and confiftof 28 afleffors. This gives audience to the ambalfadors. The fifth and laft is II Collegio-dtlli-dieci, and is compofed of 10 counfeilors, who take notice of all cri- minal matters ; and the doge himfclf, wheii acculed, is obliged to appear before them. There is no appeal from this council, and it is a dreadful misfortune to be cited before it. The Venetians are Romanifts, but they tolerate the Greeks and Maho- metans. The Proteftants are not allowed the public exercife of their religion ; but they are not otherwife molefted. The head of the clergy is the patriarch of Ve- nice, who murt be a noble Venetian, and is elcfted by the fenate. This patriarch, in confequence of the policy of the fenate, has fcarce any power over the priefts and monks, who are grealy corrupted. There is another patriarch belonging to Venice, whoCe authority extends overFriuli, Iflria, and moft of the bifliops on the main land. The tribunal of the inquifition at Venice Is compoled ot the pope's nuncio, the pa- triarch of Venice, and the father-inquifi- fitor ; but as thefe had need of a bridle, they have added three counfeilors to the number, without whofe conl'ent they can determine lioihing. Tiieir famous carni- val begins with the year, and continues ti'i Lent ; all which time is employed in fports and diverllons. Then libertinifm reigns through the city, and thoufands of fo- reigners frequent it from all parts of Eu- rope. Tliey all appear in malks, which no one dares venture to take off, and in this dilgulfe they imitate the fports ol the ancient Bacchanals ; and the nearer Afh- Wcdnefday approaches, the more nud they are. The principal fpot of the niaf- querade is St, Mark's pLce, wlierc there Zz arc V E N »re fomctinnes above 15,000 people ; Jind it fwaims with hiu lequ'ms, jcftci s, inuuiitc- banlts, ropt-cJanctis, and puppet-fhows. Even thepriefts and monks enjoy the di- vei Tion of the carnival ; l)ut wlitn tlie dlver- fions oi the carnival are over, nothing is heard from the clergy, who are generally accounted ignorant, but Icniions on repent- ance. Whatever degree of iicentioufnels may prcviil among the Venetians, jea- louly, poifon, and the ftiletto, have been ]ong banifhcd from their gallantry. The pooler people of Venice difplay fome qua- lities very rarely to be f lund in that fpherc of life, being remarkably fober, obliging to llrangers, and gentle in their intercourle with each other. The Venetians, in gene- ral, are tall and well-made i they have a ruddy brown colour, witli dark eyes. The women are of an eafy addrefs, and have no Rverlion to cultivate au acquaintance with thofe Grangers who afe preleiUed to them by their relations, or have been properly recommended. The number of inhabit- ants in the city is. ellimated at 160,000, of the whole ftateat 1,500,000, and of the annual revenue of the republic at 6,200,000 ducats. By a Iste remarkable revolution, the fovereignty of this celebrated republic, which has now continued upwards oi 1 300 years, in abfolute freedom and independ- ence, is entirely, and for ever fuhverted. The French, without the (liew of military enterprife, fuddcnly made themfelves maf- ters of the city, while their troops were diffufing themlelves ail over the Venetian territory. Soon after, Dalmatia was taken poflKTion of by the emperor, and it is now annexed to his dominions, together with the city of Venice, and part of the late Venetian ellatcs in Italy, by the treaty ot Udina. The other part has become an acceffion to the new Citpadane Republic. Venice, Gulf of, or Thu Adria- tic, a fea between Greece and Italy, ex- tending frotn lat. 40 to 45. 55. N. It is the ancient Adriaticum Mare, and is ftili called the Adriatic. Venlo, a town of Ruremonde, in Guelderland, formerly in alliance with the Uanl'eatic towns. The inhabitants are jnollly Romanills. In 1702, this town, with Fort St. Michael on the other fide of the Maefc, was taken by the army of the allies, under tlie Duke of Marlborough. It is I'eatei on the river Maele, 25 miles NW. of Duffeldorf. Venosa, a town of Bafilicata, NapleSj 9 miles NNW. of Aceienga. Vent, a river in Cumberland, running into theS. Tyne, at Allton-Moor. Vi■sT^-DB•CRyZJ a town of Terra V E R Firma, on the Ifthmus of Darien, 20 mlle« N. of Panama. Here the Spaniards em- bark their merchandife, on the river Cha- gre, which they fend from Panama to Porto Bcllo. VentryHarbour, in Kerry, Mun- fter, on the N. fide of Dingle Bay, from which it is divided by a niu'row illhmus. Vera, a fea-port of Spain, in Granada, 31 miles SW. of Carthagena. VeraCruz, a fea-port of Tlafcala, Mexico, with a fecure harbour, on the coaft of the Gulf of Mexico. Here the flotilla arrive annually from Spain, to re- ceive tlic produce of the gold and filver mines, when this place becomes immenfely rich. They hold a fair here annually, which latts many weeks, for the rich Eaft- India goods brought over land from Aca- pulco, as well as the merchandile tranf- ported from Europe. It is furrounded by a wall, and the air is fo unhealthy here, that when the f-ir is over, there are few inhabitants, except nnilattoes and blacks. There are fuch crowds of Spaniards from all parts of .America, that they erecl tents for them while the fair lafts. It is 180 miles ESE. of Mexico. Lat. 19. 12. N. Ion. 97. 25. W. Vera Cruz, Old, a fea-port of Tlaf- cala, Mexico, 15 miles NKW. of Vera Cruz. Here Ferdinaiido Cortez landed with 500 Spaniards, when he undertook the conquelt of Mexico. Veragl'a, a province of Mexico, fo call- ed from a river of the fame name. It is bounded on the E. by Darien, on the VV. by Cuifa Rica, on the N. by the Atlantic, and on the S. by the Pacific Ocean. It is a mountainous and barren country, expof- ed to the incurfions of the Indians. A good deal of gold and filver is obtained here. Conception is the capital. Vera Paz, a province of Mexico, bounded in the N. by Yucatan and Chi- apa, on the E. by the bay and province of Honduras, on the S. by Guatimala, and on the V/. by Soconufco. It is about 120 miles in length, and 70 in breadth, and abounds with mountains and thick forefts of cedar, full of wild bealts, and yet there are many fertile valleys, which feed a great number of horfes and mules. There are alfo many towns and villages of the native Americans. The country is fubjeft to earthquakes, thunder, and 9 months rain. The capital is of the fame name, but it is inconsiderable, and in iat. 15. 10. N. Ion. 90. 54. W, Verbkrii, a town in the department of Oife, fcated on the river Oifc, 10 miles N£. of Seniis. Verht V E R Verhy, Yoikfhire, N. of Gifborough. Verceli, a town of Piedmont, capital of a conliderable lordfliip. The inhabit- ants are about 20,000. Here are z cathe- dral churches, 12 others, 2 abbeys, 19 convents of both I'exes, 2 priories, 2 pro- voftfhips, 3 poor-houfes, and 5 hofpitals. It is 10 miles NNVV. of Cafal, and 40 NE. of Turin. Verd, Cape, a promontory on the W. coait of Africa, 45 iniles N\V. of tke mouth of the river Gambia. Lat. 14. 45. N. Ion. 17. 28. W. Verd, Cape de, iflands feated on the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 miles W. of the cape of that name, and between the I4rb and iSth degrees of N. latitude. Thofe which are inhabited are 10 in num- ber, lying in a femi-circle} their names are St. Antonio, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, St. Nicolas, the Ilk of Sal, Bona-Vifta, Mayo, St. Jago, Fuego, and Bravo. They are, in general, mountainous, and the foil is often ftony and barren ; never- thelefs, many parts produce rice, maize, bananas, lemons, oranges, citrons, pome- granates, figs, and melons ; grapes alfo are gathered twice a year. Tiie inhabit- ants catch and lalt a great number of tur- tles, which they fend to America ; they alfo manufailure leather and fait. Their number is calculated at 100,000. The uninhabited iflands are all ftocked with cows, goats, hogs, alfes, mules, See. under their particular lords. They are fubjefl to Portugal. Verden, a duchy of Lower Saxony, having Bremen on the N. and W. and Lunenburg on the E. and S. It extends both in length and breadth about 24 miles. It confifts chiefly of heaths and high dry lands and forefts j but there is good marfh land on the rivers Wefer and AUer. In 1712, the Danes wrefted this duchy from Sweden, and, in 1715, ceded it to the king of Great Britain, as elc6lor of Han- over j which ceffion, in 1718, was con- firmed by the Swedes. This duchy has the fame regency with that of Bremen. The inhabitants are Lutherans. Verden, the capital of the duchy of the fame name, in Lower Saxony, contain- ing 4 churches, and a Latin fchool. It is feated on the AUer, 40 miles NW. of Hanover. Verdum, a town in the department of Meufe, noted for fine fweetmeats. It is feated on the river Mael'e, which runs through the middle, 33 miles NNW. of Tou!, and 150 E. of Paris. Verdun, a town in the department of Upper Garonne, lieated on the ilver Ga- V E R ronne, 18 miles NNW. of Toulonfe, rere, a river in Hertfordftiire. ^Wes, or l^erfe-Wotton, Dorfetf. W. of Bridporr. Vermand, a town in the department of Aifne, 6 miles W. of St. Qn^intin. Before the revolution, it was capital of a territory called the Vermandois. Vermanton, a town in thedepartment of Yonne, 10 miles SE. of Auxcrie. Verminflcry Dorfetf. NE. of Sturminfter. Vermont, one of the United States of. N. America, bounded-on the N. by Cana- da j on the E. by the river Conne6'ticut, which divides it from New llampfliire ; on the S. by MalTachuftts •., and on the W, by New Yoik. It is about 155 miles Jong, and 60 broad, and is divided into it\<::n counties. A chain of higli moun- tains, loinning N. and S. divides tiiis Itate nearly in the centre, between the river Conneflicut and Lake Champlain. The height of land is generally from 20 to 30 miles from the river, and about the fame diliance from the New-York line. The natural growth upon this inoi;^.iain is hemlock, pine, fpruce, and other ever- greens : hence it has always a green ap- pearance, and, on this account, has obtain- ed the defcriptive name ot Vtrmons;, from the French r^ri Mo«/, Green Mountain. On fome high parts of this mountain, Inow lies till May, and fometimes till June. The country is genetally hilly, but not rocky. It is finely watered j the foil is very fertile, and there is not a better cli- mate in the world. The inhabitants have very lately been eltimated at 100,000. The bulk of them are emigrants from Conneflicut aiidMaflachuftts. The prin- cipal town is Bennington, but the alfembly generally hold their fefTions at Windlbr. Vernkuil, a town in the dept. of Eure, leated on the river Aure, 22 miles SSW. of Evreux, and 65 W. of Paris. Vf.RNEUIL, a town in the department of Allier, 15 miles S. ol Moulins. Vernon, a town in the department of Eure, on the Seine, 27 miks SSE, of Rouen, and 42 NW. of Paris. i'ernon, Cnefliire, S\V. of Sindbach, Veroli, a town in the Campngni di- Roma, containing 8 churches, and 3 con- vents } 8 mllcs S. of Alatri. Verona, a city of Italy, in the late territory of Venice, and capital of the Veronele, fortified in the ancitnt manner. The ftreets are neither clean nor ftraight, and the hoides are mean ; but there is a large, handfome fquare, called the Piazra- d'Armi, and a good ftreet called the Corfo. The bifliop and governor have fuperb pa- laces, but the mort magnificent is that of Z 2 * Cuu.t V E R Count Maflfei. The town-lioiife and tlic opei a-hoiifc aic fine biiiltiings j but the jMod cclebiattil ftriithirc lu-ie is the ancient ninpliiilitnfit built by tbc Romans, in vvhich are 44. rows of benches, of white Jiiarble, Uill tnrirt-, whicli will hold, accord- ing; to Count M.ifTei, 22,1154. fjjei^ators. Little, hovvevL-r, of ibis valuable piece of aniiquify aj)[H;us ancient, having been carchilly rqi.iiied troni time totinrie at tlie city's expel. cc". In the Acscieniy ot" the Phil-Harmonics, is a large colle«5lion of ancient infcriptions and monuuKnts, in the Iletrurian, Punic, Egyptian, Greek, and Latin languages. It is I'eated on the river Adigc, on vvhich they tranfport linen, filks, woollen, ftiifFs, Sec. to Venice. Here are 4 ftune bridges, the principal of which is 34.8 teet long. The inhabitants amount to near 50,000. It is 6i miles W. of Venice. Veronese, a tenitority of Italy, lately in Venice, about 47 miles in length, and 25 in breadth. It is one of the moll fer- tile countries in Italy, abounding in corn, wine fj'its, and cattle. The Venetians became malftrs of the city and territory, in 1409. Vernois, a town of RulTia, in the go- vernment of Rezzan. Verrez, a town of Aorta, Piedmont. ycrrlu?t, Cornwall, 3 miles from Tre- gony, and N. of Gwyndrlth Bay. Vi RSAiLLES, a town in tiic department of Seine and Oil'e, iz miles S\V, of Paris. \i\ the reign of Lewis XIII. it was only a iinall village. This prince built here a liunting-feat in 1630, which BofTompierre calls " the paltry chateau of Veriailles.'" Although the lituation was low, and very unfavourable, Lewis XIV. built a mag- nificent palace here, which was the ufual refiderce of the king* cf France, till the 6th ot October. J 789, wlien the late un- happy Lewis XVI. and his family, were iTinoved from it to the Tnilkries. The buildings and the gardens are adorned with a vail number ot llatucs, canals, foun- Xain?, &c. and the waterworks are much admired. The gieat gallery is thought to be as curious a piece of workmanfliip of that kind, as any in the world: and the chapel is no lefs admired for it's fine archi- tti\ure and ornament?. The gardens, with the park, are 5 miles in circumle- rence, and liirrounded by wails. There ere three fine avenues to Verlailles, one of which is the common road to Paris, the other comes from Seaux, and the third irom Sr. Cloud. Vertus, a town in the department of Mune, 17 miles SW. cf Chaicns, and 78 L. ot Paiis. V E S Verue, or Verrua, a town of Afti, Piedmont, fented on a hill, near the river ]'o. It was taken by the French in 1705, after a fiege of fix months, when it wa$ reduced lo a heap of ruir.5. It was after- wards reftored to the duke of Savoy. Verviers, a town of Liege. VeRvins, a town in the department of Ailhe, noted in hillory for a treaty of peace concluded here, in i 598, between Henry IV. king ot France, and Philip II. king of Sjviin. It Is 1 10 miles NNE. of Paris. Verulam, the veftiges of a Roman op- pidum or town, in Hertfordfliire, on the Verlam river, oppofite St. Alban's. In the time of Nero it was a mumcipium, the inhabitants of which enjoyed the privileges of Roman citizens. By Tacitus it was called Verulamium, and by Ptolemy Ursla- mium. After the departure of the Romans, it was entirely ruined in the wars between the Britons and Saxons; and nothing re- mains of it but the ruins of walls, tefle- lated pavements, and Rcinan coins, which are (fill fometimes dug up. On the NE, corner is a piece of the wall, 3 yards and a half thick, compofed of flints, and layers of Roman bricks. The fite of it has long ago been converted into corn-fields. Ver-ixood, Dorfttlhire, near Winbom- Abbas. Veselize, a town in the department of Meurthe, 15 miles SS-E. of Toul, and i6i SSE. of Paris. VeslEv, a town in the department of Alliie, 10 miles E. of Soiflbns. Vesoul, a town in tlie department of Upper Saone, 22 miles N. of Befangon, and 200 SE. ot Paris. Vesprin, a town and county of Hun* gary, 32 miles SSE. of Raab. Vesuvius, a celebrated volcano of Italy, in Naples. The firft eruption of this volcano was in the year 79 of the the Cliriflian era, under Titus. It was accompanied by an earthquake, which overturned fevcral cities, particularly Pom- peii and Herculaneum. This eruption proved fatal to Pliny, the naturalift. " Great quantities of alhes and fulphure- ous nnoke," fays Dion CalTius, " were carried not only to Rome, but alfo beyond the Mediterranean, into Africa, and even to Egypt. Birds were iiiffbcated in the air, and fell down upon the ground j and filhes perilhed in the neighbouring waters, which were made hot, and infe^ed by it." Sir W. Hamilton mentions, that the erup- tion in 1767 was the 27th from the time of Titus, fince which there have been 9 others; thole of 1779 ^^^ ^794 being the moft vioknt and alannlr.g. in this last, 5009 V I A 5-0-00 acres of rich vineyards were cleftroy- ed, and moft of the houfes in the town of Torre "enfive gardens belonging to them, and many families, who live during the winter within the fortifications, fpend the fummer in the fuburbs. The fecond floor of all burghers houfes, is allotted for the recep- tion of officers of the imperial court, and the owners can only purchafe an exemp- tion, by paying a fum of money for the ereft ion of barracks. Vienna contains 50 churches or chapels, and ii convents. The cathedral is built of freeftone, is 114. yards long, and 48 broad, and the (ieeple is 447 feet high. Here is a monument in honour of Prince Eugene of Savoy, In- ftead of a weathercock there is a black Ipread eagle, over which is a gilded cioj's. Joining to this church is the archliifhop's palace, the front of which is vtry fine. iJt-'fides the univerfity, containing a great niimber, of ftudents, there is the academy ot Lower Auftria; and the archducal li- brary, which is open every morning 3 or 4 hours to the public, contains 5 or 6000 volumes, printed in the 1 5th centurv, with a well-furnl(hed and v?di!ahle collection of prints and ufeful modern books. The academy of painting is remarkable for the fine pi^ures it produces. The imperial cabinet is very rich in medals, and Itill more fo in natural hiftory. Provifions are brought here in great plenty and variety; and wild hogs, lings, with cart-loads of hares, pheafants, and partridges may be feeu in the game inarket. Here is a fort V I G of a harbour on the Danube, where there are magazines of naval (lores ; and fhips have been fitted out to ferve on that river againft the Turks. The manufaftures of this city are numerous, and the trade ex- tenfive, Vienna has been twice ineffeftn- ally befieged by the Turks, in 1^29 and 1683. At the latter period, the fiege was raifed by John SohielTci, king of Poland, who totally defeated the Turkifh army before this place. Vienna is feated at the place where the river Vlen falls into the Danube, near the fiie of the ancienr Vin- debona. Lat. 4.8. 13. N. Ion. 16. 28. E. ViENNE, a city in the depr. of Ifere. It is feated on the E. bank of the Rhone, over which it had formerly a gockl bridge, of which only foine piers remain, that ren« der the navigation dangerous. It's com- merce confilts in wines, filk, and fword blades, vvhich laft are highly efteemed. Near Vienne, on the banks of the Rhone, are produced the excellent wines ot Cote- Rotie; and the famous hermitage wijies. Before the revolution, it svas the fee of an archbifhop. In the 5th century it was taken by the Burgundians, whofe kings made it their place of refidence. Vienne is 1 5 miles S. of Lyons. Vienne, a department of France, join- ing on the W. to that of the Two Sevres. Poitiers is the capital. It takes it's name from a river which rifes in the department of Correze, and falls into the Loiie 5 miles above Saumur. Vienne, Upper, a department of France, compofed of the ci-devant Limou- lin. Limoges is the capital. ViERRAOEN, a town of Uckermark, Brandenburg. ViERZON, a town In the dept. of Cher, famous for it's foiges. It is feated at the confluence of the Chtr and Yevre, 17 miles NW. of Bourges, and 100 S. of Paris. ViESTi, a town of Capitanata, Naples. ViGAN, a town in the dept. of Card, 30 miles NVV. of Nifmes. ViGEVANO, a town of Piedmont. ViGNAMONT,a town of Liege. Vigo, a town of Spain, in Galicla, with a good harbour, feated on the Atlan- tic. It is 12 miles NNW. of Tay, and 260 WNVi^. of Madrid. Here, in 170;, the Englilh and Dutch fleets, having broken the boom laid acrois the mouth of the harbour, defeated a fquadronof French menof war, with 13 Spanifli galleons under their convoy. The Englilh took. 4 galleons and 5 inen of war, and the Dutch 5 gal- leons and I tv.an of war. Fourteen meu of war and 4 galleons were deftroyed, and a great deal of filvev was taken, In 1719* It V J L It w.is again taken by the Engli/h, who relinqtiifhed it, after raifing contributions. V1HIER.S, a town in the dept. of Maine and Loire, whofe inhabitants have a great trade in cattle. It is ao miles S. of An- gers, arid 162 SW. of Paris. ViLAiNE, a river of France, which rifes In tlic dept. of Maine, waters Vitre, Ren- nes, Redon, &c. and enters the Bay of Bifcay below Roche Bernard. Villa Bohim, .• town of Alentejo. ViLLACH, a town of Carinthia, whofe inhabitants trade with the Venetians. Near it are the baths of Toplitz. It is iS miles S. of Clagenfurt. Villa de-Conde, a fea-port of Dou- ro, 14. miles N. of Oporto. Villa- DE-HORTA, the principal town of the Ifland of Fyal, one of the Azores. It is feated on the weftern coaft, and has a harbour, the beft in the ifland, being land- locked on every fide except the E. and NE. Lat. 38. 32. N. Ion. z8. 36. W. Villa-de-Mose, a town of Mexico, in Tabafco, feated on a river of the fame name, 30 miles from the fea. ViLLA-D el-Rev, a town of Galicia; and a town of Eftramadura, both in Spain. Villa-Flor, a town of Tra-los- Montes. Villa Franca, a fea-port of Nice, taken by the French in 1792. Villa-Franca, a town in the Vero- riefe, with a !:lk manufa6lory. Villa Franca, the capital of St. Michael, one of tlie Azores, the moft an- cient town in tlie whole ifland, and at firft a free port. Before it's harbour lies an ifland, about a mile in circumference, and towards the fea, the town is defended by a fort and fome other works. It contains 181 3 hearths, and has a parifli ciiurches, and 2 convents. Villa-Franca, two towns in Old Oftile. Villa-Franca-de-Pana0ES, a town of Catalonia, near the fea. Villa-Hermos a, a town of Valencia ; a town of New Caflilc j and a town ot Tabafco, in Mexico. ViLLA-NovA, a town of Doiiro, feated on the liver Doiiro, oppofite Oporto. ViLLA-NovA, a town of Chieri 5 a town of Vercellij and a town of Aolla ; ail in Piedmont. ViLLAPANDA, a town of Leon. Villa-Real, a town of Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes, capital of Comarca. Villa-Real, a town of Valencia. Villa Rica, a fea-port oi Mexico; a town of Paraguay, Buenos Ayres j and a town of Minas Geraes, Brafd. V I N Villa Viciosa, a town of Alentejo, with a palace and park, in which the dukes of Braganza formerly refided. It fulfained a famous fiege againfl the Spani- ards, in 1667. A battle alio was fought near it, much about the fame time, theluc- cefs of which greatly conrributed to fix the crown of Portugal on the head of the Duke of Braganza. In the luburb is an ancient temple, originally built to the ho- nour of Pioferpine, as appears from the infcriptions. The foil about this town is extremely fertile, and there are quarries of beautiful green marble. It is 16 miles SW. of Elvas, and S3 SSE. of Lilbon. _ Villa-Vicjosa, a fea-port of Aftu* rias, 30 miles NE. of Oviedo. ViLLE-DiEU.a town in the dept. of the Channel, 12 miles NNE. of Avranches. Ville-Franche, a town in the dept. of Rhone and Loire, furrounded with walls and ditches. It is 18 miles N. of Lyons, and 233 S. by E. of Paris. Ville Franche, a town of France, in the dept. of the Eaftein Pyrenees, 2X miles ENE. of Puycerda, and 27 WSW. of Perpignan. In one of the mountains which furround this place, is a curious cavern. Ville-Franche, a town in the depf. of Aveiron. It carries on a great trade in linen cloth, and is feated on the river Aveiron, 14 miles W. of Rhodez, and 260 S. of Palis. ViLLE-JuiF, a town 4. miles S. of Paris, on the great road to Lyons. ViLLEMUR, a town in the dept. of Up. per Garonne, feated on the river Tarne, 16 miles N. of Touloufe. ViLLENA, a town of Murcia, near a moral's, from which they manufacture fair. ViLLENEUVt, a town in the dept. of Lot and Gaionne, feared on the river Lot* 17 miles N. of Agen. ViLLENEUV£,a town in the department of Gard, feated on the Rhone, oppofite Avignon. VillcNeuve-df-Berg, a town in the dept. of Ardeche, 12 miles NNW, of Viviers. ViLLERS-CoTERETS, a town in the department of Ailne, n miles SW, of Soiflbns. ViLLENGEN, a town of Auftrian Sua- bia, in the Bnlgaw, between the fources of the rivers D inube and Ncckar, 28 miles E. by S. of Friburg. ViLMANs rRANi), a town of Ruflifl, in the government ot Viborg. ViLVORDF, a town ot Brabant, feated on the Senric, 6 miles N. of Brulfels. Vincent, Capj:, a promontory oi Z z 4. Pvitupal, V I N Portugal, 15 miles W. of Lagos. Lat. 37. z. N. Ion. 9. o. W. Vincent, St. an ifland of the W. In- dies, 55 miles W. of Barl)a(loes. It is one oi the Caiibliee Ill.imis, and iniinl)iied by a race of people, of vvliom Dr. Robei t- fon gives this account : *' I'htre is a great diltinftion in cliarafler between iheCaiib- bees and liie inhabitants of tlie larger iflands. The former appear manifeftly to be a ftparate race. Their language is to- tally ditfierent from that of tlitir ncigh- boiu^s in the large iflands. They tlieni- ftlves have a tradition that their ancdtors came originally from iome part of tlie continent, and having conquered and ex- terminated the ancient inhabitants, took poflTeirion of their lands and of their wo- men. Hence they call themfelves Bana- rce, which iignifies a man come from be- yond lea. Accordingly, the Caribbees Itill ufe two diltincl languages, one pecu- liar to the men, and the other to the wo- men. The language of tiie men has no- thing common with that I'poken in the large iflands. The diakiSt of the women conliderably refembles it. This itrongly confirms the tradition which I have men- tioned. The Caribbees thtmlelves ima- gine that they were a colony from the Galibis, a powerful nation of Guiana, in S. America. But as their fierce manners approach nearer to thole of the people in the northern continent, than to thofe of the natives of S. America j ai;d as their language has likewife fome affinity to that fpoken in Florida, their origin fliould be deduced rather from the former than the latter. In tiieir wars, they Itill preferve their ancient practice of dtftroying all the Dales, and preferving the women either lot I'ervitude, or for breeding." St. Vin- cent's was long a neutral illand 5 but, at the peace of 1763, the French agreed that the right to it diould be veiled in the Englifhj who, in the fequel, at the in- ftance ot fome rapacious planters, engaged in a war againlt the Caribbees, wiioinha- bited the windward fide of the illand, and who were obliged to confent to a peace, by which they ceded a very large track of valuable land to the crown. The confe- quence of this was, that retaining their lefentment againft he Englifli, they aided the French in the rcdu6tion of the illand, in 1779, who however rellored it by the peace of 1783. St. Vincent's is about 4.0 miles in length, and 10 in bread 1.. The country is generally mountainous and rugged : the valleys are, however, ex- tremely fruitful. It contains about S+jOoo acies, every where wdl watered, of which V I R 23,605 acres are pofTcfled by Brltifh fub- jc6ls ; ami as much more was lately held by the Caiibs. All the relt of the coun- try has not been yet cleared, hut retains it's native woods. The foil is a black mould upon a (trong loam, the moft pro- per (or tlie raifing of iugars : and indigo thrives here remai kably well. The num- ber ol inhabitants appears, by the lalt offi- cial returns, to be 1450 whites, and 1 1,853 negroes. The governor's falary is 2000I. ft'.-rling ; one half of which is raifcd with- in the ifland, and the other half is paid out ol the exchequer of Great Britain. Lat, 13. o. N. Ion. 61. o. W. Vincent, St. a town of Beira 5 and a fea-port of Allnria. Vincent, St. a town of Brafil, in the government of St. Paul, fituated on the fea-coaft, 150 miles SSW. of St. Sebadian. Vincent, St. one of the Cape dc Verd Iflands, on the coalt of Africa, about 3Q miles in circumference. On the NW. fide of it is a harbour, accounted the bt(i in all the Cape Verd Iflands, where fhips may wood and water, and wild goats may be obtained. It is laid, alio, that more turtle is caught near this ifland, than round ail the rtft, and that it abounds with lalt- pctre. Vincent's-Rocks, St. Gloucefter- fliire, E. of the Avon, and a mile and a halt NNW. of Briftol. They are very liccp and rugged precipices, which conti- nue their courfe about 3 miles, and feetT\ to have been almoft miraculoully cleft afunder, to admit a paflage for the river Fronie. The Avon flows between tliem, and the tide rile* here 41 tcet. At the bottom of thefe rocks, near the water-fide, riles a medicinal hot fpring, the tafte of which is foft, milky, and grateful to the ftomach. It is fuccefsfuUy prclcrlbed in inflammations, heftic coughs, immoderate fluxes, and fcrophulous and cancerous cafesj f'ine, Hants, near BaflngftokV. Fine- yard, near Glouceftcr. Vineyard, Glou- celferfliire, near Tcwkeflauiy. Vineyard- Flory, Somert'etftiire, SW. of Taunton. ViNGORiA, a Dutch fctticincnt on the coaft of Concan, 21 miles NNW. ot Goa. Finniton, Devonlhire, NW. of Honiton. ViNTiMlGLiA, a town of Genoa, with a fmall harbour on the Mediterranean, 8 miles NE. of Monaco, and 70 SW. ot" Genoa. I'intners, Kent, in Boxley parifli. ViRE, a town in the dept. of Calvados, with luanufaituresof coarle woollen cloths. It is fcatcd on the river Vire, 27 miles SW. of Caen. Virgin Islands, certain iflands and keys V I R keys in the W. Indies, fiuiated In about lat. i8. 30. N. to the E. of Porto Rico. They were called Las Virgines hy the SpauiaiJs, in honour of the ii^ooo Vir- gins of the Legend. They uie about 30 in number, nioflly detert, b:irren, and are pcficffed by the Englilh and Danes. Ths Spaniards, however, claiin thole near Porto Rico. In the firll divifion of thofe poi'- feffed by the Engiifh, is Tortola, the prin- cipal, to which belong Joft Van Dyke's and Little Van Dykes, Guana Ilk, with Beef and Thatch Klands. In the lecond divifion is Virgin Gorda, or Great Virgin, called ahb SpaniHi Town, having- two good harbours; 10 this iUand belong Ana- geda, or Drowned Ifland, Nicker, Prick- ley Pear, and Molkito Iflands, the Canima- noes, Sciiib and Dog Illands, the Fallen City (two I'ocky iflets, clofe together, at a dillance releinblinjr ruins) the Round Rock, Ginger, Cooper's, Silt Ifland, Pe- ter's liland, and the Dead Cheft. To the Danes belong S;. Thomas's Ifland, on which BrMi's, Little Saba, Buck Jfland, Great and Little St. James, and Bird Ifland are dependant; with St. John, to which be- long Lavango, Cam, and Witch Iflands ; and they have alio the Kland of St. Croix. ViRoiNtA, one of the United States of North Amrrica, bounded on the S. by North Carolina; on theW. by Kentucky; on the NW. by the Ohio ; on the N. by Pcnniylvania and M.uyiand ; and on the E. by Maryland, the Chelapeak, and the Atlantic. It is about 300 miles from E. to W. and 180 from N. 10 S. The prin- cipal rivers are James, York, Rappahan- noc, Potomac. Roanoke, and Kanhaway, Grea^ and Little, all which are f-uU of convenient and faie harbours. There aie alio many fmall rivers, fome of which are capable of receiving the iargeft merchant fliips. In general, tlie land is tolerably good, and cap ible of - producing corn, puhe, cotton, flax, and hemp ; and, in the mariTi lands, rice has been lately cultivat- ed. The lands toward the mouth of the rivers are generally low, and at prefent well flocked with many forts of trees, from 30 10 70 feet high. The land higher lip tile rivers is generally level, and well watered with fprings ; but there are here and there fome finali hills. That near the lea is generaliv fandy, and without llones, for which rcalbn thty feldom flioe their horfes. Tlie richell lands lie jiear the branches of the rivers, and abound with various ibrts of timber, lurprifingly large. At the heads of the rivers are mountains, vslieys, hills, and plains, with different tiees J and indeed not many years ago, the V I T whole country feemed to be one continued wood, with plantations here and there, where the mots o( the ti'ees had been grub- bed up. The principal pvoc'.uce ot Vir- ginia are tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn ; but the culture of tobacco has much de- clined of late, in favour of that of wheat. Virginia is divided into 8z cruntiis, and has but few towns of conl'equv^nre; the principal are Wiilia,r,fburg, Norfolk, Alexandria, and Richmond. The num- ber of inhabitants, in 1790, amounted to 7+7, 6to. The Virginiins now manufac- ture about three fourths of their clothing, aud they have alfb manufactures of iron and lead ; but agriculture is the piincipal employment. * ViRct.viA, a town of Cavan, in UI- fler, featt-d on Lough Ramor, in which are feveral iflands, 4.0 miles from Dublin. l^irginjioio, Dcvoni. SE. of LufTencote^ ViRTOM, a fma 1 town of Luxemburg. VtSET, a town of Liege. VisKU, anciently Visontium, a town of Beira. VlSHNE!- VOLOTCUOK, a town of RulFia, in the government of Tver. It is fcated on the river Zna, and is one of tJic imperial villages enfranchiiedby the late emprefs. It is rcmaikable for it's canal, which coimecls the Tvcrtzaand the Myfta, The inhabitants, railed fron> the fituation of flavcs to that of freemen, fcem to have fliaken of? their former indolence, and to be awakened to a knl'e of their commer- cial advantages. 1'he town is divided \ai to regular ftreets. AH the buddings are of wood, except the court of julfice ereft- ed at the charge of the emprelir, and a few brick houlis. It is 60 miles NNVV. of Tver. Lat. 57. 23. N. Ion. 35. o. E. VisiAPOUR, a conliderable city of liindooltan, the capital of a coun'ry of the fame name. It is now in tlie hands of the Poonah Mihrattas. It is 1^,6 miles SE. of Poonah, and 234. SK. of Bombay. Lat. 17. 26. N. Ion. 75. 19. E. VissoGOiiOD, a town ot Mafovia. UiST, N. and S. two illinds of the He- brides, on the W. co.dt of Scotland. They are each about 20 miks in length, •nnd of ronfiduable breidth. Kt!p is the flaple commodity of thele iflands ; and they export annually, between tiicm, 800 cows and young o5ctn. Here is abundance of game and aquaiic l)iids, ViSTUL.\, the laigell river of Poland, It rites in M"imt Crapach, on the N. part of Hungary, pallirs by Ciacow, San- domitz, Wariaw, Thorn, Culm, &c. and falls into the Baltic btlo.v Dant/ic. ViTtRBO, a towtj of Italy, capital of the U L A the Patrimonio. It contains only i 5,000 inl);\l>it lints, altlioiigh tlie ninubir of chiirclifs, convents, and liofpitals is 6^. Near it is a fpiing, Co hot, that it will hoil an egg, and tvtn fifli. It is 20 miles S. of Orvjeto. and 35 N. by W. of Rome. ViTRF., a town in tlie dept. of Ille and Vilaine, trading in linen-cloth, knit Itock- ings, and gloves. It is feated on the ri- vtr Vilaine, lo miles E. of Renncs. V'itri-lf.-Brul}:, a village in the dept. of Marne, 3 miles NE. of Vitri-le- Fran^ois. It was formejiy a confideiable town, but was taken (and, as it's name itn|>oits, burnt)byTI)ibaiit count of Char- tics, when many of tlie inhabitants were burned, and great part of the town de- ftroyccl. It was alio burnt, together with 60 villages, in 14.13, by the Engiifh and Biii'::undians. YiTRi-LE Francois, a populous town in the dept. of Marne, tradmg in corn. It is well hiiilt, thougli the houfes are of wood, and there is a fine fquare. It is ieited on the river Marne, 15 miles SSE. of Chalons, and 100 E. of Paris. ViTTEAUX, a town in the department of Cote-d'Or, feated among mountains, where there are quarries of marble. It is ai miles W. of Diion, and 9 SE. of Seinur. ViTjORiA, a tov/n of Bifcay, in the provincfe of Al4va. It contains 5 pa- riflics, 4 convents, ^ hofpitals, a college, and a fquire. The large (treets are bor- dered with trees, as a defence againft the heat of the fun. The merchants here deal in wool and wines, and particularly in fword blades and other cutlery, which they make in large quantities. It is feat- ed in a pleafint plain, fertile in corn and grapes, 32 miles SSE. of Biiboa. ViTTORioSA. S;e Citta Vitto- KIOSA. VivERO, a town of Spain, in Galicia, ncaj- the river Vivcro, or Landrova, whofe inouth forms a good harbour on the At- lantic. It is 1 2 miles E. of Cape Orlegal. ViviERS, a town in the department of Ardcche, leated among rocks, on one of which the cathedral is built. It is fitu- ared on the river Rhone, 20 miles N. of Onnee. Ukraine, a large country of Europe, Ivtng on the borders ot Turkey in Europe, Poland, IlufTia, and Little Tartary. It's D^me properly fignifies a frontier. But the whole of the Ukraine, on both fides of the Dnieper, now belongs to RulTia, and forms a part of the government of Ekate- rinoilav. The principal town is Kiof. See Cossacks. Uladislaw. See Inowladislaw. U L P Ulcami, or Ulcuma, a country of Guinea, N. of Adra, and W. of Benin. UUeJler, Dei byf. on the Dove, near Bur- ton- upon-Trent. Vlckhoni, SufTcx, by Uckfield. Ukomb, Kent, SW. of Len- ham. Uldale, Cumberland, on the Elcn, near Ireby. UUeJler^ Northumberland, in the lordfliip of Woiler. UiKA, or Ulaborg, a fea-port of E. Bo'hnia, 320 miles N. of Abo. Uley, a populous village of Gloucefter- fliire, with a manufaftuire of fine broad cloth, z miles E. of Durflry. Ulietea, one of the Society Ifles, in the S. Pacific Ocean, Lat. 16. 4-5. S. Ion. 151. 26. W. Ullapool, Rofsflilre, feated on the N. fide of Loch Broom. Ullenhall, Warw. S. of Umberflade. Ullejkelf, Yorkf. S. of Tad- cider. Ullington, Gloucef. in Pebworth parifh. Ullock, Cumberl. 4 miles SW. of Cockcrmouth. Ulljhy, or Vlljley, Cum- berland, S. of Penrith, near UiUwater. Ui.lswater, a lake, partly in Weft- morland and partly in Cumberland, 10 miles N. of Amblefide, and 14. SW. of Penrith. It is about 8 miles long, is of a fufficient depth for breeding char, and abounds with a variety of other fifh. Trout, upwards of 30 pounds weight, arc faid to have been taken in it. The navi- gators of this lake find much amufement by difc'iarging guns, or fmall cannon, in certain (lations. The report is reverbe- rated from rock to rock, promontory, ca- vern, and hill, with every variety of found ; now dying away upon the ear, and again returning like peals of thunder, and thus re-echoed, is heard leven times diftinflly. Ulm, an imperial city of Suabia, and chief of that order in the circle, where the archieves of the free towns in Suabia and Franconia are depofited. The inhabit- ants are Prottftants. There is a good college in this city; and iri the cathedral, whicfi is a very lofty llruilure, are 63 copper veffcls full of water, ready for live extinguifhing of fire. It is large and well fortified, and the town-houle is a hand- ibme edifice. There is a handfome bridge over the Danube, which greatly favours the trade of the inhabitants in linen, fuf- tians, hardware, and wool. The eleflor of Bavaria became mafter of it in 1702, by a fli atagem ; but after the battle of Blenheim, the Bavarians furrcndered it by capiiulation. It is feated on the Danube, where it receives the river Uler, 47 miles SSE. of Stutgard, and 275 W. of Vienna. Lat. 4.8. 25. N. Ion. JO. 12. E. L^LMEN, a town ips for the coafting trade, and has regular and well-paved rtreets. The principal inns are kept by the gui !es, who regularly pafs to and from Lancalfer, three limes a week. It is featcd near the mouth of the Duddon, j8 miles NNVV, of Lancatter, and 267 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Ul'vefcrofs Abbey, Leicefterf. in Charn- Wood Forelt. Umago, a fea-port of Iftria, lately fub- jeft to Venice. Umberjley, or Umberjlade, Warwlck- fliire, near Stratford-upon-Avon. Umbria. See Spoleto. Umbriatico, a town of Calabria Citra. Umea, a fea-port of VV, Bothnia. Underbarron.v,Wei\m. SW. of Kendal. Underditch, Wilts, a hundred between Am- brefbury and Sarum. Underley, Weftm. on the Lune, by Kirby-LonUlale. Underswen, a town of Bern, SwilTer- land, fituated between the Lakes of Bri- entz and Thun, near the famous cavern of St. Pat. It is %s miles SE. of Bern. Underton, Shropf. SW. of Bridgenorth. Underwai.den, a canton of SwiflTcr- land, and the fixth in rank. It is bound- ed on the N. by the canton of Lucern, U N I and by the lake of the four cantons ; on the E. by the canton of Uri ; on the S. bv tlie canton of Bern ; and on the W. by the cantons of Bern and Luccrn. It takes it's name from a large forcft of oaks, which is nearly in the middle of the country, and runs from N. to S. It is about 25 miles in length, and 17 in breatlth, and is divided into two parts, that above the toreft, and that below it ; for this rea- fon there are two councils, two jultices, and two land ammanies. It has no towns nor bailiwicks; and the chief advantage of the inhabitants ariles from cattle, and the fifli taken in five fmall lakes. The people are of the Romifli church ; and the grand council is compoled of 58 members- Sirnen is the principil place of the Upper Vale; and Stantz of the Lower, and of the whole canton. The Underwalders, in conjunftlon with the (fates of Uric and Schweitz, (hook cfF the Auftrian yoke, in 1308; cf all the people of Swidlrland, they are the moft honoured and loved by the other cantons, for their courage and love of liberty, joined to a (frid concord, and amiable fimplicity of manners. Underton, Shrop(hire, SW. of Cridge- rorch. Underxvood, Derbyfhire, NE. of Afliborn. Underucocd, Dcvonlhire. Ungwar, a town of Hungirv, 4.6 miles NNE. of Calchau. United Provimces of the Ne- therlands, a republic of Europe, con- filfing of ("even provinces, and extending from N. to S. not more than 150 miles, and 100 in breadth from E. to W. They are bounded on the W. and N. by the German Ocean, and on the S. and E. by Brabant and Germany, Thele provinces rank in the following order : i. Guelder- land, fubdivided into the diftri^^s of Ni- meguen.Zutphen, and Arnheim ; 2. Hol- land, fubdivided intoN. Holland, S. Hol- land, and W. Friedand ; 3. Zealand, fub- divided into the part near the E. Scheldt, and the part near the W. Scheldt; 4. Utrecht; 5. Friedand; 6. O very lid ; and 7. Groningeu. B<.lides thefe provinces, are the lands of the generalty, (including Dutch Brabant, Flanders, and Limburg) in which are the towns of Bois le-Duc, Breda, Bergen - op - Zoom, Mae(h icht, Venlo, Sluys, Hull*, &c. This republic (which is liktwile cnlled by the general name of Hollani!) affords a (triking proof, that unwearied ;mu perlevering indullry is capable of conquering almoll every ditad- vantage of climate and fituation. The air and water in this country are neuly equal. ly bad ; the Ibil proiluces n:itui;illy (carce any thing but turf ; and the polTcinon of % this U N I l!iis very foil is (lifputed l«y tiie ocean, vviiich rifin^:j confultrHbly above tiie level ot tlie land, is prevented from overflowing jr, only [^y (honc^ and cxpcnlivc ilikcj. Ycr tlic" labours of flic patient Dutchman havL* itndiTfd this fmall and ftcmingly in- fignificant territory one of tlie richelt fpots in Europe, witli rei'pecl to population and piopcity. In other countries, pofllfl'- cd ot a variety ot natural produflions, it is not furprifing to find manufaiilurers em- plo}'ed in augmenting the riches ot the foil; but to le.', in a country like Holland, large woollen manufaflures, where there are fcarce any flocks ; numberlefs artilb em- ployed in metrils, where there is not a mine ; thoul'ands of faw-mills, where there if Icarce a ioreli ; an imnicnlc quantity of corn, exported from a country where there ;s ivjt agriculture fufScient to fuppijrt one halt of it's inhabitants, is whatuiuft ftrike every attentive oblerver with admiration. Among the moft valuable natural produc- tions of the United Netherlands may be reckoned their excellent cattle ; and large quantities of madder are exported, chiefly cultivated in Zealand. The mo!l conli- derahle revenue arifes from the fiflierifs ; but thefe are not fo coiifiderable as for- merly. The number of vefiels employed in l\\c herring fifhery, in particular, is re- duced from upv/ards of aooo to lels than soo J and yet it maintains, even now, no lefs than 20,000 people. About 100 vef- iels are employed" in the Greenland filliery, and 140 in the cod fiflicry near the Dog- ger B.4nk, and near the coaft of Holland. The Dutch were formerly in poffeilioii of thecoafting trade and freight ofalmoft all other trading nations. They were alio the bankers for all Europe. But thefe advantages did not continue to be fo lu- crative, when the other European nations began to open their eyes fo far as 10 em- ploy their own fliipping in their trade, and to ellablifii banks of their own. Not- wrthllanding thefe deduftions, the Dutch trade is Hill immenfe; in coniequence of their vaft opulence, they ftill regulate the exchange for all Europe, and their coun- try is, as it were, the univerlal warehouse ol the commodities of every quarter of the globe. Among the monopolies of their E. India Company, the fpice trade has long beta the molt valuable : it comprehends tlie articles of cloves, mace, nutmeg, and cin- namon. The Java coffee is tire beft next to that of Mecca ; and other great branches of this trade are rice, cotton, pepper, &c. articles of great importance, but not in the exclufive pofiTcilion of the Dutch. They are the only European nation hi- U N I therto permitted to trade dire£lly to Ja- pan; but this trade is al(b on the decline. Their W. India Company trades not only to the Welt Indies, but to the coaft of Cruinea for (laves ; and, diltinit Irom this, they have two companies, which tiade to Surinam an 1 Berbice. The foreign pof- fcflions of the Dutch, in Afia, previoufly to the commencement of tlie prelent war, were the coalls of the Ifland of Java, the capital of which is Batavia, the feat of the gover- nor-general of all their Ealt-India fettle- ments ; fome fettlements on the coafts of Sumatra, Malabar, and Cornmandel ; the greateft part of the Moluccas or Spice- Illands J fettlements, or factories, in the Ifland of Celebes, at Surat and Petra, and in the Gulf of Perfia ; with Colombo, Trincomale, &c. on the Ifland ot Ceylon. In Africa they had the Cape of Good Hope, with George-de-la Mina, and other fortrefles and faftories in Guinea. In the Weft Indies they had the Iflands of St. Euftatia, Saba, and Cura^oa ; and in S, America, the colonies of Ilfequibo, De- raerjry, Surinam, and Berbice, in the country of Guiana, In Holland, the in- land trade is greatly facilitated by the nu- merous canals, which crofs the country in every dircftion. The number of manu- faftures eftabliflied in the United Provinces is altonifliing. Saardain, a village in N. Holland, contains, for inltance, about 900 windmills, partly cornmills, partly law and paper-mills, and mills for the making of whitelead, 6:c. In former times, the Dutch were the exclufive poiTelTors of fe- veral ingenious manufa6tures and arts ; a? the refining of camphor and borax, tlie cutting and polifhing of dl;imonds, the re- fining of fugar, oic. but, at prefent, thefe mylteries, tew of them excepted, are in the hands of many other nations, to whole commercial ignorance and want of indui- try the Dutch were once indebted for im- menfe profits, which liave decrealed with the caufes ; among the relt, the woollen manufaftory has prodigiouily decreafed. In a word, die Dutch trade is no longer in it's ancient flourifliing Itate, to which, even if the frugality and imliiftry of the nation had not been diminifhed by too great riches, the rivalfliip of other nations, and the commercial knowledge ot the age, would never permit it to rife again. All fefts are tolerated in Holland; but, till lately, none but Calvinifts could hold em- ployments of trull or profit. Since the great confederation of Utrecht, in 1579, (See Netherlands) the Seven United Provinces have been confidered as one po- litical body, united for the preiervation of the U N T the whole. In 1581, the Hague was ap- pointed the place of meeting tor the States General, an aflcmbly invefteJ with the Ai- preme power of the confederation, and compered of deputies chofen out of the provincial Itates. Tliis power related to the making war and peace, levying taxes, &c. in their joint capacity } but as to in- ternal government, each province was in- dependent, not only of the otlier provinces, but even of the lupreme power of the re- public. In the prefent difputes on the French revolution, the Dutch, at firft, ap- peared hoftile to the new republic, but ne- ver heartily co-operated with the allies. The ftadtholder was probably influenced by the courts of Pruffia and England, but a party more powerful than his own were his enemies, and, on the invafion of Hol- land by the French, in the beginning of 1795, '^^ thought proper, with his fa- mily, to take refuge in England. Since then their form of government has been modelled upon that of France, and they now form a republic one and indivifible. United States Of America, a re- public of N. America, confifting original- ly of thirteen provinces fubjefl to Great Britain, but which, on the 4th of July, 1776, by their reprefentatives in congrcfs aflembled, made a folemn declaration of independence, and were afterwards ac knowledged free and independent ftates by the treaty of Paris, in 1783. They are MafiachuCets, New Hampfhlre, Rhode Ifland, Connefticut, New York, New Jer- fey, Pennfylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, N. and S. Carolina, and Geor- gia. Only eleven of thefe Itates acceded, at firft, to the new federal conftitution, but they were afterward joined by N. Ca- rolina and Rhode Ifland; and Kentucky and Vermont having fince been added to them. Tlie prefent number of the ftates that form this great American republic is fifteen. See America. Unna, a town of Mark, Weftphalia. Unn A, a river of Croatia. Un ST, the moft remote of the Shetland Iflands, extending beyond lat. 6r. o. N. It is S miles long and 4 broad, and con- tains about 300 houfes, and 1688 inhabit- ants. Fiftiing is an important branch of bufmefs among the iflanders, 80 tons being taken on an average yearly. Rats, mice, trogs, toads, and adders, are unknown here. Unfted, Surry, S. of Godalmin. Un- ftotit Derby f. in Scarfdalc. Unterseen. See Underswen. Unthankt Cumber!. ^E. of Kirk-Of- VOL wald, in Dacre parifti. Unthanh, Durham, on the Wear, oppofite to Stanhope. Un- thank, SW. oh Duiham. Unj, Cornwall, near Lalant, N. of Market- Jew. Unyt Cornwall, near Redruth. Unza, a province of RufTia, the largeft divifion of the government of Koftrom. VOERDEK, a town of Paderborn ; alfo a town of Ofnaburgli. VooHERA, a town of Pavia. VoGLABRUci;, a town of Auftria. Void, a town in the dept. of Meurthe, 10 miles W. of Toul. VoiGTLAND, a tenitory of Upper Saxony, moftly Aibjcft to the eleiior. Vogt v^as anciently a title in the empire, whicii was difcontinued towards the mid- dle of the 14th century. The learned are not agreed as to what the name and dig- nity imported. VoLANO, a fca-port in the Fenaiefe, at the fouthern mouth of the Po. VoLCANELLO, a Imall volcanic ifland, between Lipari and Volcano. Volcano, one of the Lipari Iflands, iu the Mediterranean, lying to the S. of the Ifland of Lipari. It is 12 miles in circumference, and is a volcano, in the form of a broken cone, but now emits fmoke only. Volcano, as well as all the reft of thefc iflands, is fuppoled to have been produced by an eruption fromfubtcr- ranean fire. The produi5\ion of this ifland, in particular, happened in the early time of the Roman republic, and is recoided by Eufcbius, Pliny, and others. Volga, the largeft river in Europe, v/hich has it's fource in two fmall lakes, in tiie government of Tver, in Ruflia. It begins to be navigable a tew milts above that town. It is conJidersbly augmentiv^ here by thejunftion ot the Tverza, whicli is a broader, deeper, and more rapid river. By means ot the Tverza, a communica- tion is made between the Volga and the Neva, or, in other woids, between the Caf- pian and the Baltic. This great river waters fome of the tineft provinces in tlic Ruflian empire, puflls by Varoflaf, Kof- troma, Niflfinei-Novogorcd, Cafan, Sim- birlk, and Saratof; entering the Cafpian Sea, by feveral mouths, below Aftracan. VoLHiNiA, a palatinate of Poland, W. of thatof Kiov, about 180 miles in lengtii, and from 80 to 110 in breadth. It con- fifts chiefly of weil-wattred plains, pic- ducing a great furplus of corn. Rolennry, afparagus, &c. grow wild in the woods, and can hardly be diltinguiflted from thofc cultivated in the gardens. Lucko is the capita!. VOLKENMARCK., V O R Voi.KENMARCK, in Caiinthh. VoLLENHOVEN, a town and iliftrift of OveryfTcl, near tlic Zuy.lcr Zee. Voi.o, a lea-port r)t Jiriiu, or Tlieffaly, 38 miles SE. of LnrifPi. VoLODiMiR. or Vladimir, a govern- ment of the Riidian empire, formerly a |«ovince of M»lcow. The foil is ex- tremely fertile, anil in the forefts are in- numerable fwarms of bees. VoLODiMiR, or Vladimir, a town of Ruflia, capital of the government of the lame n.ime, and feated on the river Kliaf- ma. It was once the metropolis of the empire, and is 100 miles £. by N. of Mofcow. Vologda, formerly the largeft of all the Ruffian European governments, as it contained the provinces of Vologda, Arch- ang;.!, and Veliki Uftiug. It is now di- vided into the two provinces of Vologda and Veliki-UlHug, and is a marfliy coun- try, full of forclts, lakes, and rivers, and noted for it's fine wool. Vologda, a town of Ruflia, in the Ejovernment and province of the fame name. Tlie inhalntants trade in hemp, matting, leather, and tallow. It is feat- ed on the river Vologda, 308 miles S. by E. of Peterfburgh. VoLTA, a river of Guinea, which falls into the Atlantic, 74. miles E. ot Acra. VoLTERRA, a town of Tufcany, con- taining 25 churches, chapels, or oratories, and 20 religious lioufes. It is a lonely, mean place, and entire villages in the neighbourhood lie in ruins. It is noted for it's medicinal waters, and is leated on a mountain, 32 miles SB. ol Pifa. VOLTURNO, a river of Naples, which falls into the Gulf of Gaieta. VoLTURARA, a town of Capitanata ; alfo a town of Principato Ultra. VoLViC, 3 town in the dept. of Puy- de-Dome, two miles SW. of Riom. Heie are imnienfe quarries, formed by a current of prodigious lavas, which furnifli mate- rials for buildings, and tor the fculptor. VooRN, an ifland of S. Holland, be- tween the mouths of the river Mae/e. Brill is the capital. This ifland, with rhat of Goree and Overflackce, which are nc.r it, make the territory called Voorn- iao'', svhich was anciently pait of Zealand. VoORN, aniflmd and fort between the rivers Waal and Meute, 9 miles NNE. of B"is le Due. VoRONETZ, a government of Ruffia, the capital of which, of the fame name, is feated on the river Vorcnetz, near it's junc- tion with the Don, 256 miles S. of Mof- cow. U P P VosGES, a department of France, In- cluding the S. part of Lorrain, which was lately a province of the fame name. It is fa called, from a large chain of mountains, covered with wood, that feparate this de- partment from the departments of Upper Saone and Upper Rhine. Epinal i& the capital. yotherfieU, Hants, S. of Alton. VouiLLE, a village in the department of Vicnne, 10 miles NW. of Poitiers. Here Clovis gained, in 507, a battle ngainft Alaric, king of Vifigoths, (whom he flew with his own hand) which ex- tended the dominions of the Franks from the Loire to the Pyrenees. Vo-jjeljcomht Devon f. NE. of Mod- bury. Upherry, Bedfordf. in Pullox-Hill parifti. Upberry, Kent, amanorofGil- linghnm. Upburr.-DeTzicot, Bucks, near Beaconsfield. Upcerne, Durfetf. a mile and a half NW, of Cerne-Abbas. Up- church, Kent, 3 miles and a half NW, of Milton, and 5 from Chatharr>. Up' cote, Devonf. in Cheriton parifli. Vp- hall, ElTex, near Great Ilford. Uphatl, Herts, between Puckeridge and Albury. Upham, Hants, NW. of Bifhop's-Wal- tham. Vp-Hatherley, Gloucef. a hamlet to Shurdington. Upha-uen, Wiltfliire, 10 miles by W. of M-ulborcu^h. Uphill, Somerf. near the palTage to Wales, acrofs the Brillol Channel. Upkollam/, Line. Uplanm>, a province of Sweden, bound- ed on the N. and W. by Welfmania and Geltricia ; on the NE. by the Baltic ; and on the S. by the Malar Lake. It is about 70 miles in length, and 55 in it's greateft breadth, is very populous, and fertile in corn, and has mines of iron and lead. Stockholm is the capital, Upleadon, Gioucefterf. on the Leden, 3 miles E. of Newtnt. Upleatham, Yorkf. N. of Gifljorough. Up Lyme, or Nelher Lyme, Dorfetfliire, near Lvme Regis. Up Loman, Devonf. NE. of Tiverton. Uf~ minjier, Eflex, 15 miles E. by N. of Lon- don. Upiior-Cajfle, Kent, near Frendfljury, almoft oppofite Chatham-Dock, was built by (^een Elizabeth, for defence of the Medway, It's platform carries 37 gims, that command two reaches of the river, and defend all the fliips that ride between them and Rochefter bridge. Upper Ot- tery; fee Mount Ottery. Up Park, Soflex, in Hartiug parifli. Upperleigb, Gloucef. in Weiibury parifh. •Uppincha.m, a well-built town of Rutland, with a gocxl frce-fchcol, and an hofpital. It is 6 mih-i S. of Oakham, and 90 N. bv W, of London. Market on Wednelday, Upfinsbaat U P T Vpplngton, Shropf. NW. of Wrekln- Hill. Uprightly, Cumberl. nenr Carlifle. Upsala, a town of SwedePj in Up- land, anciently the refidence of the fove- leigns, and where the Heathen priefts, in the times of paginifm, offered the greateit Ibcrifices. It contains, exclufive of the ftudents, about 3000 inhabitants. The groundplot is extiemely regular. It is divided into two ahnoft equal pans by the fmall river Sala ; and the ftreets are drawn at right angles from a central kind of fquare. A few of the houfes are built of bri-k, and ftuccoed ; but the generality are conftru6fed of trunks, fmoothed into the fhape of planks, and painted red. Tlie roofs are coveied in witli turf; and each houfe has it's fmall court-yard, or garden. Upfala was formerly the metropolis of Sweden, and the royal refidence. The an- cient palace was a magnificent building, until great part of it was confnined by fire in 1702. The catliedral, which is a large Gothic ftru6ture of brick, has been feve- ral times greatly damaged by fire, and as often repaired. The univerfuy Is the mod ancient in Sweden, and is thefirft feminary in the North for academical education. It's library contains many valuable books, and near a thoufand manufcripts. Among thefe is the Codex Argenteus, fuppofed to be Uphila's Gothic tranflation of the Four Evangeiifls ; but it feenis rather to be written in the language of the ancient Franks. The Royal Society here is like- wife the oldert literary academy in the North. Here is a botanical garden, of which the celebrated Linne was fuperln- tendant. The Swedifli geographers com- pute their longitude from Upfal. Upfala is 3? miles NNW, of Stockholm. Upfall and Caftle, Yorkf. N. of Thirfl:. Upfetlington, Noitiiumberl. near Berwick. Up/Iiire, EfTex, near Wahham-Abhey. Upfidling, Dorfetf, W. of Ctrne-Abbey. Upftreei, Kent, in Ciiiilct parifh, W. of Thanet Ille. Upton, a well-built town of Woi^cef- terrtiire, feated on the river, Severn. It IS II miles S. of Worceller, and 109 WNW. of London. Market on Thurf- day. Upton, Berks, between Abingdon and Ea(t Illley. Uptcn, Bucks, near Datchct and Eaton. Upto/i, N. of Cheiter, be- tween the Dee and Merfey. Upton, Che- fhire, near Overchurcli and WooJcluirch. Upton, Dorfetf. near Ofminton. Upton, Dorfetf. near Biidporf. Upton, Dorfetf. I miles fmm Hamworthy. Upton, ElTcx, inV/.ft Ham parifli. UptO't, Gloucef. a hamlet to Hawkcfbury. Upton, Gloucef. U R A in Tetbury parlfti. Upton, Gloiicef. near Badminton. Upton, Hants, N. of An- dover. Upton, Herefordf. KE. of Rofs. Upton, Huntingd. S£. of the Gidding*'.' Upton, Leiccllerf. in Sihlton parilh, S\V. of Bofworth, Upton, Lincolnl. SE. of Gainfboroiigh. Upton, Norfolk, N. of Accle. Upton, Northamptonf. NW. of Peterborough. Upton, W. of Nortium!i- ton. Upton, Nottingh. in Headonparifli. Upton, Nottingh. E. cf Southwell. Upton, SE. of Shrewlbuiy. Upton, Somerfetf. NE. of Dulverron. Upton, Warwickf. near Ratlty. Upton, Warwick!". E. of Alcefter. Upion, Yorkf. NE. of Barnef- ley. Upton-BiJJiops, Herefordfhire, NE. of Rofs. Vpton-Chenay, Gloucelferl". near Bitton. Upton Crept, or Little, Shropf. SW. of Bridgnorth. Upton-Dring, Yorkf. in Holdtrnefs, NW. ot Hoi nit y. Upton - Grey, Hants, SW. of Odiam. Upton- Helion, Dcvonf. N. of Crediton. Upton^ Higher, Devonfliire, in Columpfon parilh. Upton, St. Leonard's, 3 miles SE.of Giou- celter. Upton-Lovd, Wilts, SE. of Haref- bory. Upton Nol'k, Somerfetf. between Frome and Biuton. Upton-Pine, Devonf. N. of Exeter. Upton Scudamore, Wilts, N. of Warminlter. Upton Snojepury, NE. of Worceller. Upton IVarin, Wor- certerfliire, between Droitwich and Bromf- grove. Up~Lvare, Camhrtdgef. W. of So- ham. Upi'jay, near Dorchefter. Upj'.ell, Cambiiilgefliire, near Wiibcach. UpivooJ, HiMitingtlonf. W. of Ram/ey. UraE\, a province of Terra Firma, on a gulf of the i'ame name, in the govern- ment of Carthagena, E. of the province of Darien. Ural, a river of the Rulfian cmpii'L*. in Alia, which riles in Mount Caucalu;, and watering Uiaifk, in the province ci Orenburg, falls into the Caipian Sea, by- three mouthsi below Gurief. ^ Uralian' Cossacs, a people that in- habit the Ruifian province. of Orenburg, in Alia, on the S. fide of the river Ur.il. The nuw calkd Uialj the Yaik C'lTics are dinomiiiatfit Uralian Cvlfncs ; and iht town yl Y^itfk, Ur,\Jlk. U R I Uralfk. The Unilian Coflacs enjoy the right ot' filhing on tlic coalt ot tlic Calpian Sea, for 47 niilcji on each lide of" the river Ural. Tlicir j)iinci|)al (ifhery is for ftiir- gconsanJ hthigi, who(e rot- liipplies large qOantitics of c.'ivinre i ami the filh, which ar6 chiefly liiheil ainl dinl, afford a con- iiderable nrticlo of toiiliiinptioniii the Ruf- fian empire'. In confeqiitnce of thtlc li(Ii- erics, thofc Coflics are very rich. Uralsk, ;i town of Rufli.i, in the go- vernment oi CauciiVis, leated on the river Ural, 3z8 miles NNE. of Aftracnn. Till the year 1774, it was called Yaitik. See the preceding article*. Uranienburch, wns formerly a mag- nlfictnt cadle of Denmark, in th'.' liitlc Kland of Hiien, in the Sound. It v/as built for Tycho Brahe, who called it Ura- nienhurgh, or the Caftle of the Heavens, and who here made his obl'ervations j but it is now in ruins. Urbane A, a town of Urbino. Urbi.no, the capital of the duchy of Urbino. The houfes are well built, and great quantities of fine earthen v/are are made here. It is 18 miles S. of Rimini, and 120 NE. of Rome. Urbino, aduchy of Italy, in the pope's territory, on the Gulf of Venice. It is about 55 miles in length, and 45 in breadth. Here is great plenty of filli and game; but the air is not very wholelbme, nor is the foil fertile. Urbino is the ca- pital. Urchfont, Wilts, NE. of E.ift Laving- ton. UrcbiugJieU, SW. of Hereford. Urcote, Gloucel. 6. of Thornbury. Urgantz, a town of Alia, in the country of Charafm, on a river which runs into the Lake of Aral. It was for- merly a very conliderable place, having been four miles in circumierence; fjut it is now greatly reduced. Lat. 41. 55. N. Jon. 59. 25. E. Urgel, a town of Catalonia, feated on the river Sagra, 60 miles W. of Peipig- san, and 78 N. by W. of Barcelona. Uri, the mod fouthern canton of Swif- ferland, and the fourth in rank. It is bounded on the N. by the canton of Schweitz, and the Lake of the Four Can- tons ; on the E. by the Grifons, and the canton of Glarus ; on the S. by the baili- wicks of Italy ; and on the W. by the canton of Underwalden and part of Bern, It is about 60 miles in length and 28 in breadth. Altortf is the capital. The people are Roman Catholics, and were formerly free, under the jurifdiiftion of the empire. Albert I. however, aiming at their entire luhjci\iyn, placed 9, fevere U S K vogt over them, whofe name was Geszrier, who, anjong other irrita'ing procedures, fct up a hat on a pule, at Altorff, with oidcrs that the lame toktm;, of regard fhould be paid to it as to his own perlbn. William leli openly reluled to comply with this mark of rtavery, and foon after, viz, in 130S, effected an union between the three cantons of Un, . Schweitz, and Underwalden, for Ihaking off the Aullrian yoke, which, in 13J5, was improved in- to a perpetual alliance. Uri, Lake of, in Swiflerbnd. See Waldst/etter-See, Urlingford, in Kilkenny, Leinfter, Urmjion, Lancaf. SW. of Manchefter. Urpethy Durham, NW. of Lumley-Caltlc. Urc^iiart, a town of Rofsfliire. Urf-Mtck, Lancaf. S. of Ulverlton. Usbec Tartary, a country of Wtft- ern Tartary, S. of the country of the Kalmucs. Thefe Tartars are divided in- to feveral tribes, governed !)y their relpec- tive khans; but formerly they were under one Ibvereign, and wert; accounted the mod powerful of all theTaitarian nations. Their principal khans pride thcmlelves in being defccnJcd from Tamerlane, whofe birthplace was the ancient city of Samar- cand. The Ulbscs, in their perfons, are faid to have fairer complexions and neater features than the Kalmucs. Their reli-" gious profefTion is Mahometanifm ; and they differ, in general, very little from the people of the northern provinces of Hin- dooltan. That country is fupplied hence with the moft ferviceable horfes, cameis> and other cattle. Ujhorn, Great and Li-tle, Yorkf. near the Oufs, SE. of Boroughbridge. UsEDOM, an ifland of Pomerania, feat- ed at the mouth of the river Oder, on the Baltic, 30 miles in length, and irregular in breadth. It is fubje6l to Prullia, and has a town of the fame name, fituated on the SW. coaft. Userche, a town in the dept. of Cor- reze, 16 miles NNW. of Tuile, and 217" S. of Paris. Ushant, an ifland of France, on the coalt of Finifterre, about 12 miles from the continent. It is 10 miles in circum- ference, and contains fevcral hamlets, a callle, a I'mall port, and about 700 inha- bitants. *U3K, a town of Monmouthfhire, feat- ed on the river Ufk. It is a large place, with well-built ffone houfes, 141 miles W. of London. Market on Monday. UsK, a river of S. Wales, which rifes on the W. fide of Brecknockfliire, and wa- tering the towns of Brecon, Crickhowel, Abergavenny, U T R Abergavenny, \>!k, and Caerleon, enters the Biiltol Channel below Newport. UJk, in Klldare, Leinller. UJkelt, Yorkf. near the river Wha;fe, NE. ofSlierborn. Uptt, Yorkf. by the Ouie, NW.of Burton-upon-Trent. UsNEACH, a mountain in Weft Meath, Leinfter, on which fires were kindled by the Druids, in honour of Beal, or the Sun. It was the grand Bealtinne of the norrhern parts of Leinfter, where tlie dates afiem- bled,and held judgment on criminals, when fuch as were accounted worthy of death, were burnt between two fires of Beal. This feems to have given rife to the ac- count of the Druids offering up human viiflims as facrifices. Children, alfo, and cattle, were made to pals between thefe fires by way of purification. UssEL, a town in the dept. of Correze, 30 miles NE. of Tulle. UJfelby, Line. NW. of Market-Raifin. Vsfiaiu, W. of Duriiam. UsTiANO, a town in the Mantuan. Ufings, Bucks, betwien Winflow and Aylelbury. UsTiuG, a town of Vologda. VJiout Berks, on (he Ktnnet, between Silham and Aldermafton. Uj\<:ay, a ri- ver in Northumberland, which runs into the Cockct, below Whitfide. Ufvjortby Durham, W. of Hilton-Caftle. Uikiuioti, Che/liire, a mile from Torperley. Utrecht, a large and celebrated city of the United Provinces, capital of a pro- vince oi the fame name. It is of a fquare form, and about 3 miles in circumference, without it's four fuburbs, which are con- fiderable. The fteeple of the cathedral is very lofty, and the handfomeft in the United Provinces. There is a great num- ber of churches and hoipitais. The fiu- dents of the univerfity, which is very fa- mous, wear their ordinary drels, and board in private houfes in the town, as there are I'carcely any endowed colleges in Holland. All the avenues to this city are handlbme, and the environs are full of gardens, walks, and groves, which, added to the purity of the air, render Utrecht one of the nioft agreeable places for refidence in thefe parts, and accordingly a great many opu- lent families refort hither. In July, 1672, the French made theml'elves mailers ot it, when Louis XIV. entered the city in ftate, accompanied by the Duke of Orleans and the Duke of Monmouth. ; but on the 13th of November, the Duke of Luxemburg, who had been appointed governor, aban- doned the city and the whole province, after having compelled tiiem topay 450,000 iivres. This town is famous fgt the treaty U X B of union, figned in 1579, between the Se- ven Provinces, which laid the foundation of the republic ; as likewife fcr the treaty of peace concluded here, in 1713, between the allies and France. It is fcated on the ancient channel of the Rhine, 18 miles SSE. of Amifcrdam, and 27 NE. of Rot- terdam. Lat. 52. 7, N. Ion. 5. !J.E. Utrecht, one of the Dutch United Provinces, lurrounded on all fides by Holland and Gueiderland, excepting one Imall tirip of land to the northward, and bordering on the Zuyder Z:e. The air is very healthy here; nor are there any in- undations to fear, as in other provinces} the foil is molfiy rich meadow, tliough, in many parts, full of turf grounds, and the country is pleafant. The length ot" it is not above 30 miles, and tl-.e breadtli is no more than 20, although it contains 70 towns and villages. Tlie number ot Calvinift miniflers is 79, who hold a fy- ncd once a year at Utrecht. The Romaa Catholics have above 30 churches. There arc but few Luthtrans, Remonftrants, ami Anabaptirts. Utterly, Lincolnf. 3 miles from Louth. *UttoxeteR, a large town of Staf- fordfliire, with a l»idge over the river Dove, that leads into Derby (hire. Here is a great number of iron-forges, and ir's market is the greateft in this part of Eug- hndj for coin, cptile, hogs, fhecp, but- ter, andcheefe. By the late inland navi- gations, it communicates with all the midland counties. It is fcated among ex- cellent padures for breeding and fattening cattle, 13 miles NE. of Stafford, and 136 NW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Fiirs on May 6th, and July 31ft. Utznach, a town of Zurich, which belongs, however, to the cantons of Gla- rus and SchvYcitr, who appoint a bailiff alternately. Furnnvey, a river of MontgomerydiHe, which runs into the Severn near Mclvcrly. *UxBRiDr.E, a town of Middlefcx, which, though it is a hamlet to Gieat Hillingdon, is governed independently by two bailifii, two coiiltables, and four head- boroughs. The Coin runs ti. rough it, in two (fleams, and over the main llieam is a Hone bridge, that leads into Bucking- ham/hire. Near it is a navigable canal, which communicates with the Thames at Brentford. A treaty was carried on here between Charles I. and the parliamenr, in 164.5; but it was broken off. The houl'c in which the plenipotentiaries met, at the lower end of the town, is ftill called the Treaty-Houfe. Near this town are the re- mains of a camp, fuppofed to be Britifh. ■ A ' Unbi'dt'e U Z E T'xb.iJge Is 15 milfs W. by N. of Lon- don. r.Iaikft oil Thurfday. U.rciiihn, Middle-lex, E. of Ilarrow-on- thcHill. l/A-wor Caftle. H^alla-. point, Dtvonfhiif , NE. 'jt King(bridge. Wallot, or Wallesf.a Isle, Ef- fex, in tlie river Crouch, W. of Foulnels lile. The water iiere is brackifli j on which account the inliabitants fetch whut they ufe from the other fide of the creek. It is 5 miles long and i broad, and is lecured from the fea by a wall of earth. Wall-End, Northmnberl. 3 miles from Newcadlc-upon-Tyne. IVallToqxn, Nor- thumb. near Thirlewall Caftle, near tlie PiCls-Wall, which, a little to the W. of it, is in the greatelf perfeftion : it is 3 yards high, and has 16 regular courlts, and at one part are 16 of the facing ftones entire. Wall-Tozvn, Ndrthumberl. on the Pi6h- Wall, N. of Ovingham. If' aimer, Kent, S. of Deal, feparated from it's coalt by a narrow channel. Walnier, Gloucefterf. in Weftbury parifh. Walmejley, Lancaihire, NW. of Bury. Wahiesford, Northamp- tonfliire, on the river Nen, oppofite to Stibbinton, in Huntingdonfliire. Walney, an ifland on tlie N. part of Lancaihire. It is 9 miles in length, but hardly 1 in breadth ; abounds with fea- gulls, and ferves as a bulwark to the hun- dred of Furnefs, againft the waves of the Irifh Sea. It has z or 3 fmall villages and a chapel. Walpo, a town and county of Sclavo- nia, on the river Walpo, 20 miles NNW. of Efleck. Walpok^ Suffolk, near the river Blithe, S. of Haiefworth. Wulpole, St. Aiidreiv's and St. Peter's, Norfolk, in the marsh- land between the Ouit; and the Nyne. Walsall, a town of Staffordrtiire, with manufa6lories of nails, bridle-bits, ftirrups, fpurs, bellows, Sec It is 15 miles S. of Stafford, and 116 NW. oV London. Market on Tuelday. W A L U'aljliam in the fHl.'oxvs, Suffolk, be- tween Buddcldale wnd Wulpic. Walsham, North, a uiindfometown in Norfolk, with a plentiful market on Thuilday. It is 10 miles N. of Norwich, and 123 NNE. of London. South Wal- fliam is much nearer to Norwich, and NE. of it. iValJJicroft, Lincolnfliire. gives name to 2 hun.ircd N. of Market-Railin. li'aljhjh'wn, in Cork, Munlter. Walsingham, a town in Norfolk, famous formerly for a monallery, which h id a fininc of the Virgin Mary, almoft as much frequented as Thomas a Becket's^ at Canterbury. Erafmus, who vilited it, in his time delcribes the chapel as «' bright and fhining all over, by the reflexion of the tapers on heaps of jt wels, gold, and lllver." Jt is 25 miits NW. of Norwich, and 116 NNE. of London. Old Wal- finghiim lies to the NE, of it. Market oh Fjiday. IValJohen, or Popenhoe, Norfolk, in the marflj-iand, SW. of ihe Walpoles. IValf. 'xvorth, Hants, NE. of F.ireham. Waif- ^^'orth, Herts, NE. of Hitchin. W^ALTENUUCH, a town of Wirtem- burg, Suabia. IValterflon, Durfetfliire, near Piddleton. Walterjhn, Heref. NE. of Trewin. Ual- tkam, Kent, 3 miles E. of Wye. iVaU tham, Kent, near Hinkfell. Ualthamf Lincolnfliire, S. of Gi imfoy. Walth AM Abbey, a town of Effey, with manuta6fu:es of printed linens, pins, and gunpowder. It is fcated on the river Lea, wliich here forms fevcral iflands, is miles N. by E. of London. Market on Tluirlilay. *Waltham, or Bishop's Wal- THAM, a fmall town of Hampfliire, 8 miles S. of Winc^^elfer, and 65 SW, of London, Market on Friday. Waltham-on-thi- Would, a town in Leicrfterfliire, with a (mall marker on Thurfd.-y. It is 16 miles NNE. of Lei- ceder, and 113 N. by W. of London. Wuliham, Magna and Ptt—'a, Eirex, NW. of Chelmstord, U'altham, Norths Hampfhire, SE. of Overton. * Waltham, West, or Waltham- Cross, a town, partly in Midillelcx and paitly in Hertiordfhire, hparated by the river Lea from Waltlinm-Abbey. A fmall market on Tu<-ld:ty, lValti:am, H'hite, Berks, 3 miles from MaitlenhcaJ. IVolthamJlo-iv, Elfex, on the river Lea, contiguous to Layion, and 5 miles NE. by E. of London. If'alton, a village in Surry, fcated on the Thames, ©ver which it has a handiouie bridge, 8 miles WAN nlles W. of Klngfton. Ifalton, Bucks, iicni- I{.MConsti>.-lil. //W/o/?, Cumb. NW. of Royd .n. lVpi> fal of the fame name; in Maiyhmd ; ia Virginia; in N. Carolina j in S. Ctro- lina i in the diltiicl of CharUflon ; ond in Giorgia, the capit.d of which is Golphin- ton ; alfo a town in Kentucky, on thi. O lio. Washing! ON, a town ot N. Caiolim, forme) ly called Baihj it is fcoted un th« river Tar. Washington, a town of N. Ame- rica, in Georgia, and o u)ity of Wilkes. Near it is a medicinal ipring, which riles tiom a hollow tree, the inlKlc of which is covered with a coat of nitre, an inch tliick ; and the leaves around the Ipring arc in- crufted with a fubilance as white as Inow. The waters have been found beneficial in rheumatic cafes, and are laid to he fo in all dilbrdtrs arifing from humours in the blood. Washington, a city of N. America, now building for the metropolis ot the United States. It is feated at the jun6\ion of the rivers Potomac and the Ealfern Branch, extending about 4 miles up each, including a traft of territory fcarcciy to be exceeded, in point of convenience, lalu- brity, and beauty, by any in the wr.rid. This territory, which is called C lumbia, lies partly in the Ifate of Virgmia, and partly in that of Maryland, and was ceded by thole two ftates to the United States of Ameiica, and by them eltabliflied to be the feat of government, after the year 1800. The plan combines not only con- venience, regularity, elegance of profpeiJt, and a free circulation of air, but every thing grand and beautiful that can be in- troduced into a city. It ii» divided into fquares or gran^! divifions, by ftreets lun- ning due N. and S. and E. an.l W. which form the groundwork of the plan. How- ever, from tire capltol. the prefident's houle, and feme of the important tircis in the city, run diagonal llreets, from one niaterial obje-Sf to another, which not only produce a variety of tint prolpefls,but re- move the iniipid lament is which renders fome other great cities unpleafmg. They were deviled to conncil tbe teparate and inoit WAS mod diftant objefls witli the principal, and to pieferve through the whole a recipro- city of fi^ht. Tiiel'c great leaditig ftreets are all i6o feet wide, incluHing a pave- ment of 10 feet, and a gravel walk of 30 feet planted with trees on each fule, which will leave 80 fret of paved ftreet for car- riages. The left of the ftreeis are, in ge- neral, no feet wide, with a few only 90 feet, exc( pt North, South, and Eaft Capi- tol Streets, which are 160 feet. The dia- gonal ftreets are named after the refpc6\ive ftates conipofing the Union, while thofe running N. and S. are, from the capitol eallward, named, Eaft Firft Street, Eaft Second Street, &c. and thofe W. of it «re, in the fame manner, called Weft Firft Street, Weft Second Street, Sic. Thofe running E. and W. are from the capitol northward named. North A Street, North B. Street, &c. and thofe S. of it are called South A St reet, South B Street, &c. The liquares, or divifions of the city, amount to 1150. The reilangular fquares gene- rally contain from 5 to 6 acres, and are divided into lots of from 40 to 2o feet in Iront, and their depth, from about jio to 300 feet, according to the fize of the fquare. The irregular divifions produced by the diagonal ftreets are fome of them fmall, but generally in valuable fituations. Their acute points are all to be cut oft' at 4.0 feet, fo that no houfe in the city will have an acure corner. All the houfes muft be of brick or ftone. The area for the capitol (or houfe for the legiflative bodies) is fituated upon the moft beauti- ful eminence in the city, about a mile from the Eaftern Branch, and not much more from the Potomac, commanding a full view of the city, as well as a conlldcrahle extent of the country around. The prc- fident's houfe will ftand upon a rifing ground, not far from the banks of the Po- tomac, affording a fine water profpeft, with a commanding view of the capitol, •nd fome other material parts of the city. Due S. from ihe prefulent's houfe, and due W. from the capitol, run two gieat plea- fure parks, or malls, which intcrfcft and terminate upon the banks of the Potomac, and are to be ornamented at the fides by a variety of elegant buildings, houfes for fo- reign minifters, &c. Interfperfcd through the city, where the moft material ftreets crofs eaci other, are a variety of open areas, formed in various regular figures, which in great cities are extremely ufeful and •rnamental. Fifteen of the bcft of thefe areas are to be appropriated to the dift"er- cnt ftites compofing the Union ; not only to bcai" their refptcUvc namts, but ss pro. WAS per places for them to erecl ftatnei, obe- lifks, or columns, to tlie memory of .their favourite eminent men. Upon a fmall eminence, where a line due W. from the capitol, and due S. from the prefident's houfe, would interft6t, is to be erefted an equeftrian ftatue of Central Wafliingion, late prefident of the United States. At the junilion of the riveis, a fort is to be erefted, to include an arlenal and maga- zines. Places are marked out for other public buildings ; as a marine holpital, with it's gardens ; a general exchange, and it's public walks 5 a city hall, churches, colleges, market-hoiir^s, theatres, ice. The prefident of the United States, in lo- cating the feat of the city, prevailed upon the proprietors oT the luil to cede a cer- tain portion of the lots in every fituation, to be fold by his direcllon, and the pro- ceeds to be folely applied to the public buildings, and other works of public uti- lity within the city. This grant will produce about 15,000 lots, and will be fufRcient, not only to ereft the public buildings, but to dig a canal, conduct wa- ter through the city, and to pave and light the ftreets, which will lave a heavy lax that arifes in other cities, and confequent- ly render the lots confiderably more valu- able. The Eaftern Branch of the Poto- mac is one of the fafeft and moft commo- dious harbours in America, being luffici- ently deep for the largeft ftiips, for about 4. miles above it's junClion with the Poto- mac, while the channel lies.clofe along the edge of the city, and is abundantly capa- cious. This river contains 30 and 35 feet to near the upper end of the city, where it is 18 and 20 feet deep. The city, being fituated upon the great poft road, exaftly equidiftant from the northern and fouthern extremities of the Union, and nearly lb from the Atlantic Ocean to the river Ohio, upon the beft navigation, and in the midft of the richeft commercial" ter- ritory in America, commanding the moll extenfive infernal refources, is by far the moft eligible fituation for the refidence of congrefs ; and it is now prefTing forward, by the public-fpirited enierprife, not only of the people of the United States, but all* of foreigners. The inland navigation of the Potomac is fo far advanced, that craft loaded with produce now come down that river and it's feveral branches j from up- ward of 180 miles to the great falls, whicli are within 14 miles of the city. The canals at the great and little falls, with their locks, are now completed ; the navi- gation is entirely opent-d between tide watw and the head bunches of the Po- toaiacj W A T tomac, which will produce a commiiiilca- tlon by water betwten the ci:y of \Va(h- ington and the interior parts ot Virginia and Maryland, by means of the Potomac, theSiiannaniloah, the Sooth Branch, Ope- can. Cape Capon, Patterlon's Creek, Co- noochegue, and Monaci'y, lor upwaril of 200 miles, through one of the mo!t heal- thy, pleal'ant, and fertile regions in Atiie- rica, producing, in vail abundance, tobacco of i'uperior quality, lienip, Indian corn, wheat, and other Imall grain, witli fruit and vegetables peculiar to Amtrica.in vaft abundance. The hmds upon the Potomac, above the city of W.tfliington, all around it, and for 60 niiles be! w, are high and dry, abounding with inninnerable I'prings of excellent water, and wtU covered with laige timber of various kinds. A few miles below the city, upon the banks of the Potomac, are inexhauftihle aiountains of excellent freeftcne, of the white and red Portland kinds, of which the public edi- fices in the cily are now building. Above the city alfo, upon the banks of the river, are immenfe quantifies cf excellent coal, limeilone, and marble, with blue (late of the beft quality. The Tyber, which is the principal ftream that pafTcs through the city, is to be colIeiSiecl in a grand refervoir, befide the capitol, wlience it will be car- ried in pipes to different parts of the city ; while it's furplus water will fall down in beautiful cafcades, through the public gar- dens weft of the capiiol, into a canal. The plan of this city was formed by Ma- jor L'Enfant. Mo(f of the Itreets were marked oat, and the (quares divided into lots, in 1791, fmce which time, lame thou- fands of workmen h^ve been conftani ly em- ployed. It is 100 miles SW. of Philadel- phia. Lat. 38. 53. N. Ion. 77. 15. W. Waf.iig, Berkfhire, near Aldennafton. Wafperion, Warw. on the Avon, a little below Barford. jraffalHill, Woicelferl". a mile and a half from the Severn, ll^uf- fand, Yorkf. in Holdernefs, near Hornfey. Wassenburg, a town of Juliers. Was s ER BURG, a town of Bavaria } and a townef Suabia. IP'aJi, Glouc. a hamlet in Hawkefbury. IVaftal-Foot and Waftal-Hcad, Wcltmorl. on the Burbeck, S. of RafgiU and Siiap. Wafis, the name of feveral places in North- umberland, efpcciaily in Rcadfdale, and N. Tinedale, and the adjacent mountains. Watchet, a to.vn of Somerl'etlhire, on the Briftol Channel, with a harbour, and a few coafting veflels, which fupply the glafs-houfe at Briftol with the aflies of fea-weed, of which abundance is burnt here for thit purpofe. Thty alfo cxpjrt W A T limeftone and alabafter, great quantities ef which fall do%vn the cliffs, by the waftiiiig of the lea. It is 14 miles NNW. of Bridgewater, and 1 53 W. by S. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. li'atchficU, Berks, near Shiivenham. Watekoo, an illand in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 6 miles long and 4.'broad, dilcovered by Captain Cook. It is a beautiful fpot, with a furface covered with verdure, and compoled of hills and plains. The foil, in fome parts, Is ligluand Tandy; but, tartlier up ttie country, a reddirti ca(t was feen on the riiing grounds, where the iflandcrs build their houlVs, which arc long and fpacious. The manners of the people of this ifland, their general habits ot lite, method of treating lirangcrs, lan^ guage, religious ceremonies, &c. greatly relemble thofe that prevail at Otaheite. Lat. 20. 1 . 8. Ion. 15. 15. W. IVaten-Lath, Cumberl. E. of Kefwlck. Water ^ Cumberl. near Langholm, li'atcr- Beach, Camb. W. of Nvrwmarkct. If'ater- comh, Dorfaf. a mile N. of Wormwell. Hater- Crook, Weftmorl. on a curv.d part of the Ken, a little below Kcndil. If'nter- den, Norf. NE, of Houghtoii-Hall. Ka- ter-Eaton, Oxf. on the Charv/cll, SVV. of inip. IVaterfcdl, Staff. S. of Grindon^ where the ilver Hampf'e, or Hans, falls into the ground, and docs not reappear till It enters the river Manifold, about half a mileiiff. Waterford, N. of Hertford. * Waterford, a city and lea-port of Munfttr, in Ireland, capital of a county of the lame naaie. The ftrects are narrow, and the air is not veiy healthy ; but it has an excellent harbour, (ituaied extremely well for trade, and thips ol great buidcn may ride at the quiy. It Itjnd^ on the Suir, which is a broad, deep, and rapid river, 5 miles above it's junv!:tion with the Nore and Burow. The white glaCs ?.r.d other manutaflures, aie in a riouriihing ftate. Upwards of 70 fail of (hipping are employed in the Newfoundland iiade. For many weeks together, upwards ot 3000 hogs are killed weekly ; anil ot but- ter, there have been exported from 60 to 70,000 calks per annum. The qu;iy is above hilt a nule in length, and of a cor- fiderable brcadtl). P.ickct-boats fail no.-, regularly between this j)ort and Milfi'rd- Haven. It is S miles N. of St. Geoigi^ Channel, and 75 S. by W. ol Dublui. Lat. 52. 18. N. i.m. 7. 8. W. Waterford, a county of Inland, 3 miles in length, and tiom S to 24 m breadth ; bounded on the S. bv St. Geoige',- Channel ; on the W. by Cork ami a pan of Tippcrary } on the N. by the nvn Sui . W A T ^^.1i^ ^vhirh ffparate* it from Tipp^rary and Kilkf-nny ; ami on the E. by Waitr- foid Il.U'fii, vvhicli parts it from Wexford. It contains 34 paiiflits, about 18,796 houfcs, and 110,000 inbaliitants ; and thoupli ill fcner;*! moiiiUainous, vvirh Jure *nd tlieie /rightful rocks and precipices, is a fin-; coiintfv, d^rtile, plcniant, ;ind ricli. Water friJ}on, YorkC. N. of Pontcfrad. a'AtntrrilL VVarwickf. near Itching-ton. V/utergraf! Hill, in Cork, Munfter. Waterhead, Drvonfliire, a crc^.k near Dartmouth. Water leigh, Gl'iticelterfhiie, in Nibley parifh. Watfnfian'i Manor, ElTcx, near Matcbinp. IVpttr Oakley, Berks, near Br^iy. Jf'^tcr OrtoUy War- \vicklhire, on the T;ime, in Afion paridi. Waterpen-y, Oxfordf. NE. ct Wharcly. WATERSAYjoneof the Wtlfern Iflands of Scotland, one mile S. of St. Uilh Watcr'iham, Yorkfhire, on tlie Wharfe, SW. of'Wctlierby. IVatvrjlock, Oxfordf. NE. of VVliateley Bridge. U'titerfupton, Shropf. SVV. of Newport. IValerlon Hall, Yorkf. SE. 6f Wakefield. W ater-Yute, Norlbiimherland, NVV. ol Simondbiii :' Watford, Dorictf. a mile and a half from Britiport, in Netherby pririfli. Watford, Nv'i thamptonlliiie, W. of Diventry. Wat- ford, Sonicrletlliiie, NE. of Taunton. ^Watford, a town of Hcrif'ordfhire, feated on the river Coin, 7 miles S. by W. of St. Alban's, and 14. NW. ol London. Market on Tucfday. Wath, Lincolnfliire, N. of Lxidburgh. Wath^ Yorkf. near Rippon. Wath upon- Don, Yorkf. N. of Rotlicrluim, Wather- millock. Cumberland, in Grayltock paridi. Watkiiipocl Cumberland, in Aikton parifh. Wathorp, Nv'rthamptonf. near Stamford- Baron. Wo.lland, Wtftmorl md, on the Ken, near Kendal. Waths, Yuikf. N. of Mafhani. Watlejhorongh, SW. of Shrewf- hiiiy. Watlesfii'ld. Whattisfield, or Watch- held. Suffolk, SW. ot Bottddale. W.-\ TUNG Street, one of the Preto- rian, or Conlidar highways, made by the Romans. It began at Dover, ran to Sf. Alban's, Dunftable, Towcefter, Ather- lion, and Shrewfbury, and ended at Car- digan in Wales. It is yet very firm, in fome counties, for feveral miles, eTpecially in Shropfhire, Staffordfhire, and Warwick- fhire; and is c.illed by the inhabitants, in different parts, by the names of Street. Way. High-Dike, H.-jli Ridge, Forty- foot-Wayi^ and Ridee-VVay. WaiUr^-Strcet, ShropO.ire, re.ir Wel- rington, on the Rom.ui way of that name. Wailtjjgfoii, Norfolk, near Sechy. Wat- liiigton, Siiflex, N. of Battel, Watlincton, a town in Oxford/hire, W E A T4. miles SE. of Oxford, and 4.0 NNW. of London. Mirket on Saturdiy. Wnrtriitg'.et on Wednelday. Walton- Aiht-y, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Baynton. Watton Wood Hall, or at Stone, 4.inUesN.of Hert;ord. Wa'vendon, BuckS| ne^r Newpcr; . Wax>enej, a river of Suf- folk, whicli, f>r a fpace, feparatts this county from Noifolk, and runs into the Yare ne.ar Burgh Caltle. Waiver, a river in CiMibtrland. Waverhn, a town of Brabant, on the Dyle, 12 miles S. of Louvain. Waverlcy- Abbey, Surry, SE. of Farn- hnm. Wuv;rton, SE. of Cheittr. Wa^ "jcrlon, Cumberland, in Brumfield parifh. /.^'^(^■x'O-^o;;, Waiwickl. NE. of Po'elworth. WarbottU, Northumh. on the Piets Wall, NW. of Ncwcaftle. Warbtirthivate, Cumberland, near Ravenglafs. Waiven'j. Moor, Warwickfliire, NE. of Coughton. Wcixhran, Norfolk, E. of Hickling. Wax- ham, YorkI'. on the coaft of HuUitrnefs. 1Fayhergth-Mate,Qnmhi:x\7i:\di, near Bootlc. Wi'iyborn, Norfolk, E. of Clay. Waybred, SutTolk, SW. of Harlclton in Norfolk. Wayford, SomerCetf. SW. of Crewkern. Wayland-Wood, Norfolk, on the left hand, between Watton and Msrton ; is com- monly called Wailing Wood, from a tra- dition of it's being the place where the two children, celebrated in the pathetic old ballad of the Babes in the Wood, were murdered by their uncle. Wayleigb, Che- fhire, SE. of Stopfoid. Waymer-Caj}le, Heits, near Bifliop's-Storiford. Way- 7tards, Heref. NW. of Pcmbridge. Way- vejitope, Northumb. in Thornton manor. Wayjhury, Bucks, a mile W. of Staines. Wnynton, Devonf. on the river Dart, W. of Eorbay. Waytcv:n, Dorfetl*. a mile S. of Nerhtrbury. Weald cfSuJfex and Kent, a woody traft on the S. parts of them, ex- tending from Winchelfea to the top of Riveruill towarJs Tunbridge ; a perfefl garden in the fummer, but unpl^afant and fwampv in the winter. Weald Harro-M, Middltlcx, at the foot of the hill, towards Bulhy. Heath. WeaU, North, Effex, near Epping, contiguous to B-virger. Weal J, South, W E i South, Eflex, W. of Brentwood. Weap- bam, Siifffx, SW. of Loxwood. Wear- ham, Ni;r}olk. NW. of Sioke. Wear, a river in the counfy of Dur- him, which riles in the W. part, and takes it's courie along a fine valley, by Stanhope, Waliingliam, Auckland, Dur- hani city, to tl)e German Oceap, below , §underland. Wearmoutk, BiJIiop, Durham, to tlie SW, of Suniierbnd. It has a manutatlory of fgjlcloth. Wear mouth, Durham, at the .N. mouih of tiie Wear, oppofite Sunder- land. It is alio callrd Monk Wearmouth, becanfe, before the diflolution it belonged to the monks. Wears End, Herefordf. SW. of Rofs. Weary HaU, Cumberland, near Egremont. Weafam, Lane, in Amoundernels. Wea- 'Ver, Devonf. near Columpton. IFeckdive, .Northamp. SE. of Towcefter. M^'edding- tan, Warwickf. E. of the Anker, a mile above C^ldecote. IVeddingv.ell, Derbyf. in the High P.-.ak. IVedgnock, Warwickf. S. of Keniiworth. It's Ipacious park is the oldeft in England, next to tiiat at Woodftock. IVed^vjood, or Wet-vood, Staffordf. NW. ef Ecclefhall. Wedmore, Somerfetf. 5 miles S. of Axbridge. Wed- Hejbury, or V/eedJhury, Staffordf. on the Tame, near Darlafton. Wednesfield, Staf- fordfhire, between Bloxwich and Wolver- hampton. U'eedon, Bucks, 2 miles from Aylefoury. JVeednn-Beck, Northampton!'. SE. of Daventry. Weedon Pmkmy, St. Loys, and IVejion, Northampton!'. W. and S W. of Towreder. Week, Hants, NE. of Aodover. IVeek, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina, /^^^/t, Somerfetf. NW. ofMil- born-Pert. Week, Simerl'etf. SE. of Stan- ton •Dr£w. Week Laivrence, Sonierletf. NW. of Ghiirchili.' /f^fi//)/, Northamp- tonfliire, NE. of Rothwell. Week, St. Mary^s, Cornwall, SW. of Stratton, Weeping- Crofs, SE. of Stafford. Weert, a town of Liege, \o miles W. of Ruremond. The allies took it in i/oz, when they deftroyed the caftle. Weethly, Warwickf. SW. of Aulcefter. Weeton, Lancafhire, NW. of Kirkham, in Amoundernei's. Weet.on, Yorkfliire, E. of Otley. Weetivood Bank, Northumber- land, a mile NE. of Wooller. Wee an imperial town of Wirt emburg, Weilburg, a (own, capital of a coun- ty in the circle of Upper Rhine. In the prince's palace are very elegant apart- ments, 4nd near it are fine gardens, a. large menagerie, a chapel, kc. All the roads near the town lie in a direct line, and are planted on both fides with rpws of trees. WEiLHEjM, a town of \yirtero\ji3rg ^' and a town of Bavaria. Weimar, a town, capita} of a princi- pality in Upper Sixony, with a palacCij where the duke refides. This palace con- tains, among other things, a fpacious hail, a valuable library, and a gallery of paint= ings. It is 46 miles SSW- of Leiplic. Weingartin, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine j and a town of Suabia. Weinheim, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, 5 miles E. of Worms. Weiselmunde, a fortrel's of Weft Pru/fia, on the Viftula, below Dantzick. Wejss^mburg. See Wissemburc. Weissemeurg, an imperial town of Frjnconia, 4.8 miles W. of Ratilbon. . Weissemburg, a townofErzgehurg^ Upper Saxony. WEissEMBUitq, or Alba Jplia. Sec Alba Julia. Weissemburg, or Stulweissem. BURG, a town of Hungary, 24 miles W\. of Buda. It was formerly the place o£ coronation 0^ theu- kjngs, an4 generally of their interment. Weissenfels, a town of '^hurlngia, iS miles WSW. ofj^eipfic. WEissENSEt,atown of Upper Saxony, In the centre of Thuringia. ' Welbeck A^bey, Nottingh. a mile and a half S. of Workfop. Near it is a park, finely wooded, and well ftorcd with deer^ Welbery, Herts, W. of Hitchin. Welbey, X-eicef. N. of Melton- Mowbray. WeLborttt Lincolnf. NE. of Beckingham. WeWorn^ Norfolk, SE. of Eaft Dereham. Weihrtj, York!'. SW. of New Malton, WeU'drn, Yorkf. ncaj- Kirby-Morefidc. Wel!/ury', York!', between Nurthallerton and Yarum, Welhy, Lincolnfhire, NE. of Grantham. Welcamb, or Woolaccnb, Devon(l)ire, S. of HartlandPoiut, WiUorilf, ^Var^i-ickl. by 5 B Stratferd- W E L Stratford-upon.Avon. JVeld, EfTex, near Harlow. IVeldr Hants, W. of Aliorj. H'eU, Herts, S. oK Slienlcy. H'eld, Ox- forcifhire, near Bampton. If'eUon, North- umherland, SE. of Rotlibury. WtLnON, Great, a town in North- amptoiifliirt, with a fiandlbme inarkct- houfc, and a fcfTions chamber over it. It isfituated in RockingliamForeff, 86 miles NNW.of London. Market on Wednefday. JVeUon, Little, Nortliamp. near Great Weldon. IVele-Hall, Yorkl. on the Oiife, N. of SelSy. IVelford, Berks, N. of New. bury. IVelford, Glouo-fterl". a hamlet in Kempsford parifh. H'elford, Gloucef. 4 miles S. of Stratford upon Avon. JVfl- harn, Leicef. NE. of Haiborough. Jl^el- ham, Yorkl". a mile S. of New Malton. if'ell, Kent, the water between Sheppey Jflc and the mainland. Well, Kent, near Northflet't. Well, Lincolnl'. S. of Alford. Well, Yorkf. VV. of Maftiam. Welland, Devonfliire, NE. of CoUumpton. Wel- land, Worcefferfjure, SW. of Upton. Wklland, a river which riles in Northamptonfhire, feparates that county from Leicelterihire, Rutlandshire, and Lin- colnflure, and paites by Market- Harbo- roiiglj and Stamford, from which laft place it is navigable, by locks, to the Wafti, which it enters below Spalding. Well-Court, Kent, near Cuckftone. Well. Court, Kent, near Littlebourn. Well- End, Bucks, NE. of Great Marlow. Wel- lejhurn, HajUngs, and Mountjort, S. of Warwick, Welley, Nottinghamf. SW. of Tuxford. Well-Hall, or Place, Kent, near Eltham. Welling, Kent, at the foot of Shooter's-Hill, ill the Dartford road. * Wellingborough, a town of Northamptonfhire, ftated on the weftern bank of the river Nen. It has a great trade in corn, and a confiderabic manufac- ture of lace, and is reckoned the fecond town in the county. It is iz miles NE. of Northampton, and 68 N. by W. of London. Market on Wednefday. Wellinjfham, Norfolk, S. of Rainhani- Hall. Wellingham, Soffex, N. of Lewes. Wellingbore, Lincolnfhire, near Welborn. Wellington, Herefordfhire, E. of Webley. Weilington, SufTex, 2 miles N. of Lewes. • VVellington, a town of Shropfhire, feated near Wrekin Hill, iz miles E. of Shrewfbury, and 151 NW. of London. M irket on ThurlUay. Wellington, a town of Somerfct- Ihire, with a manufaflory of ferges, drug- gets, &c. and a conliderable pottery. It is feated on the river Tone, 7 miles SW. of Taunton, and 14.7 W. by S. of Lon- don. Market on Thurldayl W E L Wellome, or Welham, Nottingh. near E. Redtord. /f^//o/>, Kent, near Hilh. Wei- lop, a river in Northumh. Wetlop, Wcltm. on the Eden, NW. of Appleby. Welloiu, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Wetloi>j, Somerf. NW. of Philips Norton. Wel- loiv, Somerfeif. 5 miles S. of Bath. Wei- loiv, E. and W. Hants, near Ruaifey. Wells, in Wextord, Leinfter. Wells, \u Carlow, Leinfter. * Wells, a fifhing (own on the N.coafl of Norfolk, exporting malt and corn to Hol- land, and importing the Dutch pottery. It has a good harbour, and a deep chan- nel, and is fituared between Clay and Bunilum, 121 miles Nx'JE. of London. Market difuled. * Wells, a city of Somerfetfhire, feated at the foot of a hill, has it's name fiom the wells and fprinsjs that are about it. Though but a linall city, the ftreets are broad, and it is well inhabited. The cathedral, bcfide which theie is only one parirti church, is a Ifatcly pile, and the market hout'e is a neat ltru6ture, fupported by pillars. Here are conliderable manu- faftories of knit worfted ftockings and bone-lace. The number of houfes is about 600, and the inhabitants are about 4000. When the fee is vacant, the blfhop is chofen by an equal number of delegates appointed by each of the churches of Bath and Wells, and he is inftallcd at both places. Befides the bifhopand dean, there belong to this church 27 prebendaries and 19 niinor canons, with no want of ipiritual court men, proilors «nd other officers. The fummer aflizes for the county are held here alternately with Taunton and Biidge- water. It is 16 iniles S, of Eriftol, and 120 SSW. of London. Markets on Wednef- day and Saturday. Wells, a town of Auftria. * Welshpool, a corporation town of Montgomeryfliire, feated on the river Se- vern, in a rich vale. It is the principal trading town in the county, being the great market for flannels, and the houfes are in general well built. The alTizes for the county are held in the town-hall. The caftle, called Powis-Caftle, is built of a reddilh (lone, on an eminence, and was formerly of great (\rength, beauty, and extent. It is 19 miles S. by W. of Shrewfbury, 7 N. of Montgomery, and 169 NW. of London. The market, which it confiderable for cattle and provifions, is on Monday. Fairs on the fecond Monday in March, the Monday before Eaiter, June 5th, the firft Monday after June r7th, Septetnher izth, and December i6th. Well- Street, Kent, near Welfram. Welnejii WEN Welney, Cambridgef. in the Fens, between Littleport and Upvvell. IVelozvbridge- Park znd JVells, Staftbrddiire, N. of Bloie- Heatli. Weljhorough, Leicel". W. of Bof- woith. Welton, Lincolnf. NE. of Spilfby. ' Welton, N. of Lincoln. Welton, Lincolnf. W. of Louth. Welton, Northamp. near Daventry. Welton, Northumb. NW. of Newcaltle. Welton, Someifetf. near Mid- funimer-Norton. Welton, Yorkshire, near the Humber, W. of Hull. Welton, York- ftiire, E. of Beverley. Wd'verton, or Wolvejion, Durham, N. of Stockton. Wel- Hvick, Yorkftiii'e, NE. of Spurnhead. * Wehvjn, Hertfordfhire, on the river Mimram, 25 miles N. by W. of London, in the road to Bedford. Wem, a town in Shropfhire, feated on the river Roddon, near ifs iburce. It is a fmall place, with a large market on Thuriday for cattle and provilions. It is 9 miles N. of Shrewfbury, and 164 NW. of London. Wemhury, Devonfhire, a mile and a half NE. of Plymouth. Wendon, Somerfetf. NW. of Bridgewater. Wemley Hill and Green, Midtllcfex, S. of Harrow. Wem- ivorthy, Devonfhire, SW. of Chimlcigh. Wendeon, Cornwall, on the Cober, W. of Peiiryn. Wenderton, Kent, near Wing- ham. Wendejley, Derbyl". N. of Wirkf- worth. Wendlebury, Oxfordfhire, SW. of Bicefter. Wendon, Loivth, Gre'at, and Little, EITex, SW. of Walden. *Wendovek, a town in Bucking- hamfhire, 7 miles SE. of Aylefbury, and 35 W. by N. of London. Market on Toefday. Wendy, Cambridgef. near Shengay and Wimple. Wenford- Eagle, Dori'ctfhire, between Weymouth and Bridport. Weng, Bucks, near Newport-Pagnel. Wenkam, Great ■z.ViA Little, Suffolk, on the river Bre- ton, near Bury. Wenhajlon, Suflex, SE. of Halefworth. Wenington, Huntingdon- fliire, SE. of Saltrey-Grange. Wenling, Norfolk, W, of Eaft Dereham. Wen LOCK, Great, orMugH,atown in Shropfhire, noted for limeftone and to- bacco pipe clay. It is 12 miles SE. of Shrewfbury, and 14.7 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Wenlock, Little, Shropf. E. of Wrekin- Hill. Wefine, Cornwall, SE. of Columb^ Wenner, the largeft lake of Sweden, in W. Gothland, to the N W. of the Lake Wetter, being about 80 miles in length, and from 20 to 30 in breadth. Wennington, Eil'ex, adjoining Rainham. Wennington, NE. of Lancalter, on the river Wenning, Wenjley, Yorkfhire, in the N. Riding, near Midlam, Wenlley- W E R Dale is extenfive, has the river Ure run- ning through it, affords romantic pro- fpe6ts, abounds with game, and yields a variety of minerals. In this vale Henry Jenkins was born in 1500, and died iu 1670. WENSYSSEL,atownof N. Jutland, iS miles NW. of Aalborg. Went, a river in Yorkrtiire, running into the Don, oppofite Marfiiland. Wentbeck, a river in Northumberland. Wentbridge, Yorkf. has a bridge over the Went, be- tween Doncafter and Tadcafter. Went- nor, Shropfhire, near Church and Little- Stretton. Wenton, Rutlandl'. near Cottef- more. Wentfum, a river in Norfolk. Wenfworth, Cambrldgefliire, SW. of Ely. Wentivorth, Yorkf. 3 miles NW. of Ro- theram. Near it is Wentworth Houfe, the magnificent feat of Earl Fitzsviiiiam, fituated in a beautiful park, S miles iu compafs. The ftables are fuperior in fize and grandeur to any in the kingdom. Weobly, a town in HerefordOiIre, chiefly noted for fine ale. It is 8 miles NW. of Hereford. Market onThurfday. Wepham, SufTex, near Burpham. Werben, a towK in the Old Marche, Brandenburgh, at the confluence of the Havel and Elbe. Werden, Lancafliire, S. of Prefton. Werden, a town of Mark, Weltphalia. Werdenburg, a town of Glarus, in SwifTeiland, capital of a bailiwick. It is 2o miles ENE. of Glarus. Werdley^ Lancafliire, SE. of Boltoa. Were, Deronfhire, in Topfham parilh. Were, Samerfetfhire, SW. of Axbridgc. Wereham, Chefhire, on the Weever, 2 miles W. of Northwich. Wercmoutb, Northumberland, in the lordfliip of Bothal. Werington, Northamptonfhire, on the Car- Dyke, N. of Peterborough. Werle, a town in the duchy of Weft- phalia, 13 miles WSW. of Lippffadt. Wermelano, a province of Sweden, in W. Gothland, bounded on the N. by Dalecarlia J on the E. by Weffmania and Nericia, on the S. by the Lake Wenaer and the province of D.ilia, and on the W. by Norway; being about iSo miles in length, and no in breadth. It is a fer- tile and pleafant province ; diverfified by mountains, rocks, hills, and dales, clothed with forefts of birch, poplar, mountain- afh, pine, and fir ; and abounding with lakes, which are extremely beautiful. They are from 4. to 40 miles in circum- ference ; fome lb nairow as to appear like broad rivers ; others of a circular fliapej their fhores, in fome parts, fttep and rocky j in others gently floping, but always fea- 3 B » thered WES tlicrcd with h:iiigiiig wciod to tlic margin of the water ;tlic roads (lcli:;lHiully wimi- ing throiigli tlit dark forelts whicii over- hang the inipendirg precipices, and over- fhaJow the wafer. Numerous rivulets flow iVom theft likes, and form, Ibme- times, Itnall picflurefque catarads. The chiet" occupation ot'the inhabitants is min- ing, fnielting, Sec. together with fifliing, and a little agriculture. Their trade cun- filis niolliy in mails, planks, timber, the bark of birch trees, 6ic. J[n the chief river Clara, or Stor Elbe, is a juofiiable falinon filht-ry. Wern, a townof Munfter, Wcftphi'lia. WERNiGEROaE, a town and county ot Upper Saxony. Wernitz, a river of Suabia, which falls into the Danube new Donawert. IVerrny, a river in Cardiganl. H ef- riiigton, Dtvonf. on the bordus of Cornw. lf'erro^<, Hants, in the lAe ot Wight. Wertheim, a tpwn of Fianconia, capital of a county of the fame name, 20 miles in length, and nearly as much in breadth. It is feated at the confluence ot the rivers Tuiburand IvLiine, Werwick, a town of Flandersj on the Lys, 3 miles SW. of Menin. IVeruuiny Clufliii e, N W. of Dclamere- Forelf. IVefcot, Surry, S\V. of Parking. Wesel, a toun of C.cves, near the confluence of the Rhine and the Lippe. WEsENBURU.a town of Mecklenburg, WfiSER, a confiderable river of Ger- many, which riii;s in Franconia, being then called the Werra.and receives the Fuld at Munden, in the duchy of Brunfwick. Then it obtains the nameof Weler, waters Himelen, Minden, and Hoye; when it joins the Aller, and After running by Bre- men and Carlelburg, or Carlftadt, falls into the German Ocean. U'ifiot, Suny, S W. of Darking. IVef- Jcl, Northumb. near Tylmoutli. U'ejj'e'n- ham, S:. Peter's and All Saints, Nf^i tolk, SW. of Rainhani-Hall. l{'ejfenton,G\o\.\- cclterf. near Campden. 'JV.Jjington, North- iimherland, NE. of Heddon-on-the-Wall. I^eji Acre, Norfolk, on the river Nar, W. ot Caftk-Acre. IVeftal, Gloucel. in Chel- tenham, parilh. U'cji-Almir, Dorfei/hire, a mile frorii Charbormigh. JVgJl Bere, Kent, 3 miles NE. of Canterbury. lyfjU born, Suflex, near Raj^lon. U'efthorn Green, Middl. near Paddington. JFfJlbo- rough, Lincolnfliire, N\V. of Grantham. ii'ejibroke, Dort'etf. in Upway paiifh, near Ridgehill. U'rllbrook, Berks, SW. of Newbury. U'cjibrook, Kent, near Ofpring, U'ejlbrookley, Herts, SE. of Berkhamlfead, HtjiitiQ, \V. of JSuckin^ham. ii'ejibur^t WES Oloucellerf. 2 miles NE. of NewnUam. li'ejlhury, Hants, W. of Y.a{\ and Writ Alean. Wtjlbury, Kent, near Wntring- bmy. If'efibury, Kent, near ODalt'jn. JVejlbury, Shroplhii e, hetv.een SUrcwIbury and Welrtipool. H'ejibury, Somtrletlhirc, NW. of Weils. Westeury, a town of Wiltfliire, with a manulaifure of coaile broad cloth. It is 26 miles NW. of Saliibury, and loi W. of London. Mtrket on Fiiday. ■ IVeftbury, Yovki". near Sheffield. IVejl- bury-on-1'rin, Glouce!. z miles NW. of Biiltol. K'cflh^', Lancii". in Amounder- nels, W. of Kiikham. Wefthy, Lincolnf, near Baiingthoip. H'eji Cindcrill, Dor- fetf. n-ar the Channel, on the river Firer. H'efi Cliff, Kent, N. of Dover. IVeji- comb, Kent, near Greenwich. Vejlcofnbt Somerlctf. near Batcomb. IVejl Coppice, near Slirew(bury, on the Severn. IVeJlcoU . Bocks, in Waddefdon parilh. If'e/icot, Devonfhire, S. of Ilfracomb. ffe/icot, Gloucclterf. 4. miles SE. of Stow-on-the Would. JVfJlcot, Surry, in Darking pa- rii'h. JVificot, Warwickf. near Ratky. U'ejicot, Wiltlhirt, near Swindon. JVeJi- court, Hants, NE. of Alton. Weftcourt, Ilk of Wight, in W. Medina. Wefi-. Court, Kent, near D-:tling. Wefl-Courty Kent, near Gillingham. Wejl Courtt Kent, near Sibbert's-Wood. U'eji Courts Kent, near Upchurch. IVefl -Court, Ox- fordf. near Benfmgton. IVeJlilon.vn, De- vonll)ire, between Weftcot and liuacomb, U'ejieJ, Surry, in Comptonparifli. ff^eji- E?ul, Middl. between Kilburn and Hanip- ftead. H'ejl-End, Middl. near Greenford. Jf'ej} EnJ, Suny, near EOier. U'ejl-End-, Surry, near Cobham. IfejlEnd, Yorkf. in Eaftington paridi. Jf'ejhnbanger, Kent, near Stanford. Westeras, or Westerahs, a town of Sweden, capital of Weitmania, the fee of a birtiop, and tlie ref;dence of a gOr vernor. It is a large, rtraggiing town, compofed of wooden houfes, and contains the ruins of an ancient palace, formerly inhabited by the kings of Sweden. Here is a weighing-houfe for nietaJs, from whence a vail quantity of iron, copper, and brafs, dug in the neighbouring mines, are exported acrofs the Lake Maeler to Stockholm. The cathedral, which is built of brick, is celebrated for it's tower, efteemed the highell in the king- dom. Wefterahs is 36 miles WSW. of Upfal. Westerburg, a town and lordfliip in the circle of Upper Rhipe, fubjc£l to the counts oi Linange. ifejierby, Leicef. near Fleckney. Jf^eft- frrCcmf'tia, ^W, Norfolk, nearE. Dereham. Weflfield, Somerl'etfhire, near Wellington. Wefifiddt SufTex, 5 miles N. of Haftiiigs. W'ejifield, •SuflTex, 6 miles W. of Winchelfea. I'/ejl- gate, Kent, in Thanet-Kle. Weflgreen, Middlclex, near Tottenham-High-L'rols. Wejihaddon, Northamptonf. 6 miks NE. of Daventry. Weji //«//, Chelhire, at High Leigh. Wcfl-Halh Cumberl. near Afkcr- tyn-Caltle. Weji Halt, Dorietfliire, near Folke. Wefl Hall, Eflex, near Packle- Iham. IVeJl Hall, Lancaf. near Dal ton. fVeft-HalL Staifordfliire, near Ecclelliall. IVifl Hall, Suffolk, near Halclworih. Wefl-Hnll, Yorkf. E. of Skipton. Wejl- Ham, SutTex, between Pevenfey-Marfli and the fea. Wej} Halks, Kent, near Kingf- north. I'/ejiholme, Dorfetf. near Stoke. Wefthope, Slnoprture, W. of Diddlcibnry. Wefihorp, Suffolk, S. of Botefdale. Jf'ef- ilorp, Nottinc. in Siuthwell parifli. fVcj}- 'hoiij-trs, CifinbeiJand, in Kivkbridc purilh. VJ E S f/ejihoufes, Yorkfhirc, N. of Skale Park. Weftington, Gloucefterf. in Camden parilli. U'eflland, Rutlandf. near Cotefmore. Wef- tletofi, Suffolk, between Yoxfoid and Dun- vvich. irejlley, Devonf. near Biddeford. IJ'eJlley, Shropf. between Longdon and Condover. Wejlley, Suffolk, W. of Bury. Weftley, Watedefs, .10 miles E. of Cam- bridge. If'ejlmancot, Worcefterf. a ham- let to Bredon. Westmaxia, or Westmanland, a province of Swed«n Pjoper, between Su- dermania, Geftricia, Nericia, Upland, and Wermeland ; being about 100 miles in length, and 70 where broadcll. It abounds in copper and iron mines, and the trade in thefe metals is the moll confiderable in all Sweden. The defcaiption already given of the face of the country in Wermeland will equally ferve for this. Jl'ejlmarden Hill, a fmall village in Sufftx, which was totally confumed by fire in 1777. U'ejhnark, Hants, by Peters- field.- Weftmificr, Weifmorl, in the ba- rony of Kendal, ir eft -Mill, Herts, a mile from Ware. V/ejl- Mill -Bury, Herts, on the river Rib, 2 miles N.of Braughing. West Meath. SeeMEATH, West. Westminster, a city of Middlefex, the refidence of the monarchs of Great Britain, the feat of the parliament and of the high courts of jnlf ice, and, conftitut- ing, with London and Southwark, the me- tropolis of the Britlfli empire. On the dif- jolution of it's famous abbey, in 1541, Henry VIII. ereffed it into a bifliopric, appointing the county of Middlefex (Ful- ham excepted) for the diocefe. It had, however, but one prelate, for Edward VI. tranflated the fee 10 Norwich. Theabbey, dedicated to S:. Peter, is now a collegiate church, the dean of which is always the bifhop of Rochefter. See London. JVeJhmfton, SulTex, near Chiltingfon. lFeJi)7ioor, Somerf. near Barrington. Westmorland, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the NW. and N. by Cumberland ; on the E. and SE. by Yorkfliirc; and on the S. and SW. by .Lincafhire. It's extent from NE. to S. is 40 miles, and it's breadth about 24. It is generally divided into four wards, which contain 11 market towns, 32 pa- rities, and about 70.000 houfes. The air is clear, (liai p, and lalubrious. The foil is various ; that on the mountains is very barren, while the Lowlands, called the Iii- rony, or Bottom cf Wtllmorland, are fer- tile, p'oducing gooil corn and grafs, ef- pecially in the meailows near the rivers. In the hilly parts, on the weflcrn borders, it is, generally believed there are vaft quan- tities of copper ore, and veins of gold ; 3 B 3 lome \V E S fomc mines of copper are worked, but molt of lite ore lies To deep, thit it will not iinfwer the expencc. This county yields the finelt flatc, and abundance of excellent hams are cured here. The prin- cipal rivers are the f>den, the Lone, and the Ken. It ha? a!fo feveral fine lakes, the principal of which is Winander-Mere, the bottom of which is one continued rock. In tiic Foreft of Martindale, to the S. of Ulls-Water, the breed of red deer ftiil exifts in a wild itate. The earl of Tha- net is hereditary ftierifF. Appleby is the county-town, but Kendal is the moft con- iiderable one, for fize, trade, and popula- tion. lFeJ}nath, Cornwall, N. of the Looes. IVefining, Bedfordf. S. of Ampthill. Wef- ioii, Berks, NE. of Hungerford. IVeJlon, Chef, near Rock- Savage. IVeJion, Chef. E. of Namptwich. IVeJIon, Dorfetf. in Corfcomb parifli. Wefton, Gloucef. ad- joining Campden. Wejion, H impfliire, SE. of Bafnigftokc. If^ejlon, Hampfhire, near IVlicheldever. /r/^9«, Hampfliire, SE, of Southampton. WeJlon, Heref. near Rofs. Wejion, Hertf. near Baldock. U'eflon, Ifle of Wight, in W.Medina. Wefton, Xfnc. SW. oi Whaplode. IVefion, Norf. iJVV. of Attlebridge. Wejion, Northamp, r.car Corby. Wejion, Northamp, near ^Vel(lon. Weflon, Nott. between Tux- lord and Carkton. Wejion, Shropf. near Bridgnorth. Wejion, Shropf. S. of Frees. iVejlon^ ShropI". *S\V. of Wem. Wejion, Shropfliire, between Stow and Walrbrd. Wtjlon, Somerfetf. near Batii. Wejion, So. merf. near Portbury. Wejion, Somerfetf. SE. of Bridgewater. Wejion, Staff. NW. of Swinerton. Wejion, Suff. near Barn- ingham. Wejion, Suffolk, S.ofBeccles. Wejion, Sorry, in Albuiy parifli, near Boxhill. Wejion, Wilts, near Salilbury. M'efton, York(hire, S. of New Malton. Wejton, Yorkf. NW. of Otley. Wejion- Rnmpjxeld, Somerfetf. near Queen-Camel. WeJ'tonEegger, N. of Heretord. Wejlon- Birl, Gloucef. 3 miles SW. of Tetbury. Wej'ton-Chapil, Shroplhire, S. of Brown- Clee-HiU. Wejton Colvil, Camb. E. of Gogmagog-Hills. Wejton Coyney, Staff, near Carelwell. Wejton Flavel, near Northampton. Wefion-Green, Surrv, in the parifli of Thames-Ditton. Wtj/o>t-in- Arden, Warw. near Bulkington, Wejon- in tbc-Thijtles, Warwickl. near Cheriton. H'ljion-Jones, Staff, near Norbury. If'ej- ':/.', Ki'ig^j, Gloucef. in Henbury parifli. i< lflon-La^lJrenc^, Gloucef. N. of King's Welfon. Wejton, North, Onlordf. 3 miles tiom Tame. Wejton, Old, Huntingd. E. of Biington. WeJ'ton on-tbc-Creen, Oxford!". WES near Bicefter. Wejton, Patrick" s, Hants, S W. of Odiham. Wejton, South, Oxfordf. E. of Efington. Wejton-Suhedge, GIouc. a mil-' W. of Campden. Wejton jubter- Wetheley, Warw. S. of Wetheley-Wood. Wejton-juper-Mare, Somerf. near the Sc- vtrn, between the Flatholms and Steep- holms. Wejtonton, Glouc. in Maiflifield parifli. Wejton -Turnjill, Bucks, near Aylefljury. Wejton under -Lijcard, Staff, near Blimhlll. W ejlon- under -Peniard, He re ford f. NE. ofRofs. W ejton under - Wood, Bucks, near Oulney. Wejton un- der-Wood, NW. of Derby. Wejion-upon- A'von, Gloucef. 4 miles W. of Stratford- upon-Avon. Wejton upon T'rent, SE. of Derby. Wejton-upon-Trent, Staff. N. of Inaeftre. Wejton-Worth, Dorfetf. a mile SW. of Worth, in Purbeck-Ifle. Wejton- Zoyland, Somerf. Wejtover, Hants, in the New Foreft. WejtO'ver, Ifle of Wight, in W, Medina. Wejtport, Wilts, near Malmfliiiry. Wejtparley, Dorfetf. 6 miles SE. of Winboriie. Westphalia, one of the circles of Germany, bounded on the E. and S. by the circles of Lower Saxony and Uppt-r and Lower Rhine ; on the W. by the United Provinces; and on the N- by the German Ocean, and circle of Lower Saxony. The air is cold, but the foil produced pafiures and fome corn, though tliere are a great many marfties. The horfes are large, and the hogs in high efteem, efpecially the hams, known by the name of Weftphalia hams. The principal rivers are the Wefer, the Embs, the Lippe, and the Roer. It contains the fovercign hiflioprics ot Ofna- burgh, Monfter, and Paderborn, the ab- beys of Corvey, Stablo, Effcn, and Ver- den, the principality of Minden, the coun- ties of Ravenlburg, Tccklenburg, Rit- burg, Llppe, Spiegleberg, Scliawenburg, Hoye, Diepholt, Delmenhorlf , Oldenburg, Embden, or Ea(t Friefland, Bentheim, and Mark ; the cities of CoIoc;ne and Aix-la- Chapelle; the town of Dortmund; and the duchies of Juliers, Berg, and Cleves, with fome fmallcr ftatts and figniories. The diets of the circle are ufually ap- pointed at Cologne, but the archives are kept at Duffeldorf. Westphalia, The Duchv of, in the circle of Lower Rhine, S. of Munfter and Lippe, it is about 4.0 miles in length, and near 30 in breadth, and is a mountain- ous country, full of wood, but moderate- ly fertile. It is under the government of C'jJogne. Erilon is the capital. *VV'estport, a fe?.-port of Mayo, in Connaught, feated on Clew-Bay. Whstra, one of the Oikr.ey Iflinds. WestRAM. W E V Westram. See Westerham. Weftrip, Gloucefterf. near Tetbury* Westrogothia. See Gothland. Weftrop, Northamptonfhire ; fee Aftrop. Weftrop, Wilts, near Highworth. Heft Tbuham, Dorfetf. in Purbeck-Ille, 2 miltS W. of Stepie. li^eft JFard, and it's Fo- reft, Cumb. SW. ot Carhfle. U'eftijueU, Kent, 3 miles N. of AftUord. Weft-vjell, Oxf. near Burtord. fi^ef^vick, near Cam- bridge. JVeffwick, Durham, SE. of Bar- nard-Caftle. ireftwick, Hertfordl'. near Hemftead. IVeft-ivick, Norf. near Lynn. IVeft^x'Ood, Dorlctftiire, in Purbcck-Iflc. Weft^vjood, Wore, near Droitwich. Weft- nvood. Line, in Axholm Ifle. Wefrnjood, Northumberl. on the Till, E. of Wooler. WeftivQod, Surry, NW. of Guilford. Weftnjjood, Wilts, near Bradford. Weten- Hall, Chef, near Torperley. IVeterJlades, Northumb. NW. of Tinmouth. IVethele, Warw. W. of Arrow. Ifetherul, Cumb. ntar Carlifle, formerly a monaftery. Weter, a lake of Sweden, in E. Goth- land, to the SE. of Lake Wenner. It is about 70 miles in length, and horn 10 to 20 in breadth. Weteravia, or Wetteraw, a country of Germany, between HefiTe and the river Maine, and fo named from the river Wetter. The northern part is call- ed Wefterwald. * Wetherby, a town in the W. Rid- ing; of Yorkftiire, feated on the river Wharfe, 14 miles S. by W. of York, and 1 80 N. by W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Wetherden, Suff. E. of Wylpit, If'eth- eringfet, Suffolk, near Mcndle(ham. Wetb- erley, Lcicef. SW. of Bofworih. Wgiherf- dale, Suffolk, SE. of Harlefton. Wethersfielb, a town in the ftate of Conne£licut. It is noted tor raifmg onions, and is 4. miles S. of Hartford. IFethersfeld, Eflex, E. of Thaxted. ll'ethihill, Somerf. S. of Dunfter. U'ethi- ton, NE. of Shrewftury. I'/eting, All- Saints and St. Mary, Norfolk, between Thetford and Met h would. Wettleton, Shropf. NW. of Ludlow. IFtlton, Staff, near Grindon. Wefwang, Yorkf. E. Riding, between Wilton and Kilham. H'etiuood, Northumb. in Veley barony. iVetivood, Yoikfliire, near Leeds. Wetzlar, an imperial town in the circle of Upper Rhine. Here are held the meetings of the imperial chamber, which were removed hither fram £,pire, in 1653. It is 45 miles E. of Coblentz. IFe'vehfield, Suffcx, ji miles S. of Eaft Grinftead. Ws'ver., a river in Chcfhire. U'iver, arivt;" in Pevondiire. IVtiieham, W E Y Chef, on the river Wever, W. of North- wich. IFe'verthorp, Yorkfhire, NW. of Kilham. ire'verj, a river in Brecknock^ Wc'verfley, Middlef. between Harmondf- worth and Cowley. IV^excomb, Wilts, SE. of Savernake-Foreft. Wexford, a covmty of Ireland, in the province of Munfter, 39 miles in length, and 20 in breadth, bounded on the N. by Wicklowj on the E. by St. George's Channel.; on the S. by the At- lantic Ocean j and on the W. by Carlow, Waterford, and Kilkenny. Though not mountainous, it contains a large propor- tion of coarfe, cold land, and ftiff clay, yet many parts are fertile in corn and grafs. It contains 109 parifhes. * Wexford, a fea portof Ireland, ca- pital of a county of the fame name. Ad- joining it is the barony of Forth, the in- habitants of which, defcindants of an an- cient Britifh colony, retain their native language, manners, and many fmgular ciiftoms, till this day. Wexford was once reckoned the chief city in Ireland, being the firft colony of the Englifti, and is (till a large, handfome town, with a beautiful and commodious harbouri but not deep enough for large velTels. Much woollen cloth is manufactured in the town and neighbourhood. The inhabitants are about 9000. It is feated at the mouth of the ri- ver Slaney, 63 miles S. of Dublin. Lat. 5». iS.N. Ion. 6. 19. W. JVexham, Bucks, between Beacons - field and Colebrook. Wexio, afea-port of Sweden, in Smo- land, feated on the Helga Lake, which contains a group of woody iflands. This town, though a bifhop's fee, is exceeding- ly fmall : the houfes are moitly of wood. It is 50 miles W. of Calmar. H'ey, a river of Dorleiftiire, which nm$ into thvifea at Weymouth. IVey, a river of Surry, which rifes in Hamplhire, wa- ters Guilford, and enters the Thames at Weyhridge, which is 4 miles SW. by W, of Hainpion-Courr. It is navigable to Guilford and Godalmin, and a canal hat been lately made fr^m it to Balinglloke in |Iampfhire. li'eyhill, Hants, 3 miles W. of Ando- Ver. A fair on OiSfobcr lOth, reckoned the largeft in England for ftore fheep, Suf. fex and Kenrifh hops, Wilts, Somerfet, and Gloucerter checle, leather, Sec, ♦Weymouth, a town of Dorfetfhire, feated at the mouth of the Wey, and in- corporated with Mclcomb-Regis, with which it communicates by means of a drawbrjdgp. It's port is injured by the la,nd, from which circumttancc it's trade, ;; B 4. which W H E V/liich Wat onte confidiraWe, is rtow m\i(iH' retliice;!; a iew (hips only heingr lent to t'liitiigal and McwJoimdland. There is, liowtver, a great relovt of company hither, Eor the |>urpole of Icn-bathing, for which St in exctlltndy Ktted by it's remarkably 'fine beach, and the Ibttncls of it's air. A few plain and Itriped cottons ai-e made here- Markets on VVednefday and Friday, ^ee Mrlcomb-Regis. fyha'>erUy, Warw. in Sronefey parifh, iVhndtioti^ and it's Chace, near the Oufe, NE. of Buckingham. U'haddon, Cainb\ near Roylton. Whaddon, 4 miles S. of OJoircclVer. V/haddon, Wiitis, near Mclk- illiam, IVlmddon, Wilts, near Alderbury. Whahy, D-rbylhire, near BoKbver-Caftle. iVhnle, Weltmorland, in Lowther parifli. Wkah'JhCrough, Carnwajl, near Stratton. frhaley, Lancaf. near PreltoR. Whalton, Northumb, near' 0;;ie-C*ille. H^kaltoHf Lo^.gy Leicefterf. NW, of Loilghboiough. Whaplade Dro-i/e, Lincolnf. in Holland, Smong the fenS. V/karby, Northumberl. NW. of Hexham. Wharfe, a river of Yorkfhire, falling into the Oufe near Tad- caftcr. W'harlfon, Durham, SE. of Bar- nard -Caltle. Wbarlton, Yorkf. SW. of Stokency. ^karmby-Hall, Yorkf. SE. of Halifax.. tVkarnford, Staffordfhire, N. of Leek. Wharram. on -the -Street, and iVharram-fiercy, Yorkrtiire, SE. of New Malton. Wbarrimgtoti, Durham, SW. of Wcarmouth. Wharton Hall, Weftmcrl. S. of Kirby-Steven. ^i&^o», Yorkfhire, 3 miles from Richmond. Whateot, Wai-- wickf. W. of Tyfoe. Whatcrofty Che- Chire, SE. of Northwich. * Whatehy, Oxford f. near Water-Perry, Wbatfield, SufF. N. of Hadley. iVhat- iiy, Efftfx, near Raleigh. IVhatley, So- merf. NW. of Frome. Whatley, War- wickftiire, NW. of Atherfton. Whattm, Nottinghamf. SE. of Bingham. Wheat- trgft, Derbyf. in Scarfdale-. JFkeaihamp- ton, Wilts, on the edge of Saii\bury-Plain, towards Calne. )Vheathamfftead, Herts, N. of St. Alban's. The church is of the cathedral fafhion, and fcems the oldeft in the county. In it are the remains of the Poplth 'mage, called the Rood, which is tiiititd into the clerk's defk. Wheathill, Somerfetf. 5 miles from Bruton and So- mertofK WheeitUy, Yorkf. a miles N. of Doncarter WheaiUyHUl, Durham, be- tweel. Dvham and Hedlam. Wheatley^ i^ and S. Nottingh. near Claerboronoh. h'heaton-Afion, Shropf. SE. of Wenlock. Il-'heeler. a river in Denbighf. JVheeloch, Clief.onthc rivn Wheeloch.nearSandhach. ^i''hslbech, S. of S'newfbury. Wheldrake^ SE. of York. Whtlcrs, Eficx^ near Bent- W H 1 ley. IVheler-Slreet, Surry, NW. of Ood- almin. lyhelham-Green, Hots, nearCol- ney-Hatch. IVheLp-Caftle, ruins near Kir- Iw-Thore, in Wcitmorlan I. It'ketpington, iVeft, Northumberl. neat Kiik- Win Iping- ton. H'ljilthant, Magna and Parva, But- folk, SE. of Bury. IVhmhy, Yorkl.-9/ of Hovingham. lVI:el'fi^nd, Suffolk, %. of Bury. IVherft'ed, Suifuik, near Ipf^vidu IVherrjjeH, H^iprey, when it is quick and rapid. They have a niortal antipathy to venomous i'er- pents, attacking them wherever they find them. They aie amazingly tame.artd fa- miliar, the natives and Europeans han- dling and playing with them, without dread or apprehenlion ot danger. When the Englifh firlt Icttled in Whidah. a fai- lor, jult arrived, found a fnake in the ma- gazine belonging to the faftory, and kill- ing it, without fcruple, threw it on the bank. The negroes, who loon difcovered the lacrilege, and had it confirmed by the acknov.'ledgment of the Englifli, aflTeni- bied all the inhabitants of the province, and malfacred the fadors to a man; con- fuming th;rir bodies and goods in the fire they had let to their warehoul'e. They have oxen, cows, goats, Iheep, hogs, tur- keys, ducks, and hens, which laft are ex- tremely pleniitul. There are many ele- phants, burTaioes, tigers, feveral kinds of deer, and a icrt of hares. The fruits are citrons, lemons, oranges, bananas, tama- rinds, &c. and they have vatf numbers of palm-trees, irom which they obtain wine. The king of Wliidah, who is only their chief, relidcs at Sabi, or Xabier, in tiie province of the fame name. Their trade confilts of elephants' teeth, wax, honey, and the perfons cf men. The Englifli fac- tory is 200 miles NE. ofCapeCoaft Cai- tle, within land. It'hid'ieck, Cumberl. S. of Ravenglafs. Wb'iddy-lfiand, in Cork, Munller, lies oppolite to B iritry, and is a pleafant foot, of a triangular form, having a good deer- park, plenty of rabbits, an excellent foil, and fome good orchards. Whiken'oy, Line. S. of Market- Raifin. ll'bikhavi, Durham, SVV. of Newcaftle- iipon-Tyne. IfhiUen, Suflex, NE. of ■Biighiheln.itone. JVhillan''s- Rocks, in Down, Ulfter, on Crors-Iflind, between the mouths of Larne and Glenaim Bays. iVhilton, Northamp. 3 miles from Da- ventry. lf'himf!e, Devonf, n':ar St. Ma- t^'s-Ottciy. Wblnborough, Norfolk, S. of \Y H I JCafl Dereham, fi'kififell, Wertmorl. near Grayrigg, in the parifli of Kendal, irhia- field-Hallz'nA Park, Weftm. between Or- ton and Kendal. fVbipJ'if.-ghum, Hie of Wight, in E. Medina. IVkipfnade, De- vonf. near Market-Street. I'/biihy, SW. of Lincoln. Whifrcn, Northamptonf. near Gryndon. Whifton, Staff. W. ofPcnk- ' ridge. Whifton, Staff, between Chetidle and Waterfall. Wbifton, near Worceller, IVkifion, Yorkf. near Rotheram. K'kit- bach, Shrcpfhire, near Bifhop's-C-sftle. fVhitbeck. Cumberl. a mile W. of Whit- cham. IFbitborn-Lefard, Durham,, S. cf Shields. JC^'Intborn- Palace, Hrref. on the Teme, W. of Worcefter. JVkitby, N W of Cheder. * Whitby, a fea-port in the N.Riding ot Yorklhire, commodioufiy feated near the mouth cf the river Eik. It is a confi- dei-able town, building many (liipi for the coal-trade, and employing many others in the exp'Tt of coals, canvas, butter, tallow, hams, bacon, and fifli. It is ?. tide-haven, almoil dry at low water, neither has it any river communication with the inland coun- try. It is much frequented by colliers, and has at leall 100 velfels belonging to it» of ICO tons, or more, burden. Several ftips are fent hence to the Greenland fi/li- ery. On December 24, 1787, at midnight, an alirming event took place here. By the fhrinking of fome of liie high ground, or clitT, an efplanade, 300 yards longanj 80 in breadth, on whicii a regular (hcet had been built, fincc the year 1761, was overturned and overwhelmed. The build- ings were 80 feet above the margin of the fea, founded on a itrong, new-built quay. One hundred and ninety-fix families became dellitute ot houfe, fire, or food; but the doors of the humane were thrown open, and every comfort adminillered. Ore per- fon, whofe rental amounted to lool. annu- ally, could no more find the place where his property Hood. In the ntigiibovuhoud are large ahnn works. It is 50 miles NE. by E. of Yi.rk, and 243 N. of London. Market on Saturday. Ifhitckatn, or Jyhittingham, Cumberl. near Millum-under-Blackcomb. H'kit- cbefter, Northumb. IVhitcbford, W:irw. near Long Compton. JVhit/hurch, Bucks; near Wing. JVbitcbtinb, Devonf. SE. of Taviftock. iVbitcb:irch, DorihC W, of Bridport. IVI itchurcb, Dorfeti., e, E. of MiJ'lieton. It'bitcburcb, Durham, NE.of Bidiop Auckland. H'bitchnrch, Heretordf. between Mmmouth and R, Is. H'hit' cburch ; H?e Stanmorc, LiltU. IVkilchurcb, Oxtbrdf. near Maple-Durnam. * WniTCHUjicH, a town -of Ilimp- 1 rhiie, w n I fliire, containing about lOO houfes, with a manufaflure of lh:>loons» ftrjjes, &c. It is 24. miles NE. of Salilbury, and fS W. by .S, ot London. Market ui\ Friday. • Wmi J CHUKCii, a large and popu- ious town ot Shropfhirc, in %vho(e clunch, among other monumtiiis ot the Talbots, !!> one of the fiift earli ot Shrewfbnry ot tliat niine. His nanje rtnick to miicli ter- ror in France, that he was ftilc-d the Eng- lifli Acliillcs; neither durlt any man en- counter him (ingle-lianded. It is ao nules N. ot Shrewtbury, and 164. NW. ot l,on- don. Msiket on Friday. IVbitLlmrct, Somerl. between Pensford andJiiiilol. irhitchuycb, Warw. on the Srour, near Alderminlter. IVhitchurchy Wilts, SE. ot Clarendon-Park. Whit- church. Wills, near Mahr.fbury. IVhit- churcbi Yoikf. 3 miles from Leeds. Whitchurch, in Warerroid, Munfter, Whitchurch, in Cork, Munfter. irhitiliff, Dorfetl'. near Swanwich-Bay. IVhiiCcloJi, Cumberland, S. of Gilfland. lVbitco»ib, Dorfetf. 2 iniies S. of Stafford. iVhltconib, Somcrietf. SW. of Ilcheihr. Wbitcot, Shropf. S. of Norl>ury. /,'/•//- fct, E'van and KiJ/et, Shropf. near Ciun- Caftle. irbitJo-xv/i, Somerletdi. H'bite- harns, Hertford!, near Furneaux-Pelham. ll'hitebread-HiU, Middlcf. in Tottenham parifli. White Ccijtle, Monm. bttwetn Michael-Church and Monmouth. V'hite- Chapcl, Devon!', near Kawllon and Ny- niet. IVbiteden, SuiTex, near Buckhurrt. Whifcdo-->:n, Surry, between Darking and Guilford. White End, Glouc. near Alh- clworth. Wi-hefield Cafth\ Northua>berI. near Little Cheltcrs. White Gate, Chef. S. of Vde Royal. II kitekall, Camb. near W (beacii. White Hart-Foreft ^ fee Blal'cmore. *Whit£haVfn, 3 large, populous, and improving town of Cumbevland, with a good artificial harbour, detcndtd by a long pier. It has it's name from the white cliffs near it, both to t!ie N. and S. which fhelter the harbour frcrn ten. pel's. It contains about i6,coo inhabitants, and employs near 300 Ihip?. Ship-building, and the acconipanying manufactures of lopes, fali-do'h, &c. arecairir-c} on hire very extcnllvely, and there are .ilio cop- peras works, which yield confiderahle profit ; but the working of the coal-mines lorms the principal bulinels ot the place. 'IheJe are lunk to the depth of 1 30 fa- flioms, and carritd ro a va(i dillnnce nn- «Ur the fc3, where vtfTels o! large burtiicn ride at anchor. From thefe a great part ^f Iielind, and other pbces, are fupplied v..:h coil, tri.ni wfi.cli the proprietcrj W H I Lord Lonfdalc, derive? a revenue of about i6,oool. a year. A good deal of bulinels is alio done in the foreign and coafting trade from this port. In 1566, it had but fix houfes, and one fjfliing-boat ; and, in 1582, it had only 12 fmall veflTcis. White- haven is feated chiefly in a valley, between two fleep hills, and is 13 miles SW. of Cockermouth, and 305 NW. of London. Market on Thurlday. Whitehauy;h, Staftordf. SE. of Leek. Whitehiil, Cnmb. in the Holm. White- Hill, Sony, near Godftone. Whitehorn, a town of Wigtonfliire, in Scotland. White- Horfe-Hill, Berks. Wbite-Horfe- Hill, Wilts. White-Houfe, Durham, 3 miles from Darlington. H'hie-Ladiejf Shropf. near Tong-Caftle. White-Lady- Afton, SE. of Woi cefter. WbiteUy, North- uinbeiiand, W. of Warkworth. White-Mountains, the higheft part of a ridge of mountains in the Itate of New Hampfliire, in N. America. They extend NE. and SW. to a length not yet afcertained. The height of thefe moun- tains, above the adjacent meadow, is rec- koned, from obfervations made in 1784, to be 5,500 feet 5 and the meadow is 3,500 feet above the level of the fea. The fnow and ice cover them nine or ten months in the year, during which time they exhibit that bright appearance from which they are denominated the White Mountains. From their fummit, in clear weather, is a grand view, extending 60 or 70 miles in every diieftion. Although they are 70 miles within land, ihey are feen many leagues off at fea, and appear like an ex- ceedingly bright cloud in the horizon. Their highell tummit is in lat.44.deg. N. li'hitenorth, Dorfetf. two leagues from Weymouth. Whitepnrijh, Wilts, NE. of Downton. Whiterigg, Cumberland, in Torpenhow parifh. White Sea, a bay of the Frozen Ore in, in the N. part of Ruflia, on the E. Ikit of which ftanas the city of Archangel. Whitejide^ Yorkfliire, on the Swale, W. of Richmond. White Smith. Suilex. U hite-iuoler, a river in the Ifle of Man, which rims into the fea at Douglafs. ii'hitrivay, Baft, Donetfhire, in Pur- beck Ille, NW. of Bradel. Whitjield, Deibyiliire, in the High Peak. Whit- f.eld, Doruti". in Wiiitechurch panfh, Whitefield, Gloucel'. in Dccrhurft pariQi. Whittidd, Itle of Wight, in E. Medina. Whilfic'd, Northamp. NE. of Brackley. Jl'hiffield, Northumb. NE. of Kirkhaugh. WhttcprH, Oxf. near Teifwoirti. H hit- f.cld-HcsU, Nr-rthunib. by the river Allen. W H I Whitfordy Worcefterf. near Bromfgrove. Whilgtft, Yorkf. near Mnrfliland. IVhit- gro've N. of Stifford. IVkitherj}, Kent, rear M.irden. Jf'biting Furjh, Devonl". in Alelbear parirti. IVhitkirk, Yorkf. near Lecd^'. U^hitiand, or Forge, Carmarthenf. 5 miles W. of St. Clere. V/hitlaton, Climb, near Alfton Moor, JVhitlai.v, or Whithth, Norihumberl. near Tinmouth. JVhittU'jury, Noriliamp. in Wliittlewood Forelt, about 9 milts in It-ngtli, of which the firil duke of Giarton was appointed hereditary rr-iiger, in 16S5. JFhittle in the Wcods and JVhittlf: IVeljh, L.mc. nenr Chor- ley. Wkitley, Berks, S. of Reading. Whitley, VVaiw. iitar Coventry. Ji'hitley, Warw, near He iley in Ariieii. Whitley, Wilts, in MelkHiam paridu Whitley, Worcef. nenr t!ie Severn, 5 miles from Bewdley. Whitley, Yorkf. E. of Ponte- fraa. Whitley and it's Park, Surry, SW. of Godalmin. Whitley Bach, Somerfetf. rearBenagei. Whitley Cajllc, Cumb. at the c:^iifliix of the Alon and Tyne. Whit- ley Cr.file. Northiimberl. NW. of Alfton Moor. Wbitley-Hall, Yorkf. near Al- mondbury, Whilley-Hcufe, Wilts, N. of Cain, Whitley Sheals, Nortluimb. E, of Allfcm Muor. Whitley, Upper and Loiver, Chet'hire, 4 miles from Noi thwich. Whit- niarfli. Warw. 6 miit-s NW. of Southam. Whitmi»fter: Gioucelferf. 5 miles W. of PainlWick, Whitmore, Staff, on the ri- ver Sow, SW. of Newcaftle under-Line. Whjffiore, Warw. a woody, moorifli traft between Coventry and Nuneaton. Whit- ney, Hcrcf. on the Wye, SE. of Michael Chinch. Whitridge, Cumb. in Bonlnefs parifh. ne;ir Solway Frith. Whitridge Lees, Cunih. in Aketon parifli. Whitfand, Norfolk, near Swiiffham. Whitfand-Eay, Cornwall, at the Land's End. Whitjhury, Hants, NW. of Fordingbridge. Whitsun Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 30 miles loner and 8 broad. It was dlf- coveied by Captain Wailis on Whitfun- day, 1767. Lat. 15. 44.. S. Ion. 16S. 25. E. Wkitjlable, Kent, 5 miles N. of Can- terbury. Whitjlanton, Somerfe'f. SW. of Chard. Whiijlon, Q.oxxw'j. near, Stratton. Whitflon, DrA-oni". W. of Exeter. Whit- flon, MonnKuithf. NE. of Newport-Haven. Whittecham, Cumb. SE. of R.ivenglaf;,. Whittel, Norhumberl. SW. of Alnwick. Whittonditch, Wilts, NE. of Marlborough. Whittenjlon,'^,n\.\wwh. SE. of Cholfer- ton. Whittenjion, Siaff. in Kinfarc paiifli. Whittingham, Lanca!. in A'no'.indernefs. Whiltingham, Nfihum'^eil. W. of Aln- wick. Whittinglmtn Hall, Suffolk, W. of Halefworth. IVhitiingion, D^ibyi'. N. of W I B Chefterfield. Whittington, Gloucefterf. 5 miles SE. of Cheltenham. Whittington, Lane. S. of Kirby Lonfdale. Whitting- ton, Shropf. NE. of Ol'weltry. Whiting- ton, S-afF. near Lichfield. Whittington, near Worcelter. Whittington Grange, NE. of Leicefter. Whitiifijlaiv, Shrop- fhire, SE. of Aflon Scot. Whittle, Der- byfhire, in the High Peak. Whittle, L:iia- cafhire, near Chorley. Whitlesey Mere, a large bke of Huntingdonfliire, well fupplied with tench, pike, perch, and eels. I: is formed by a branch of the Nen, SE. of Peterborough. The country about it is unhealthy by rea- fon of the fens ; but affords abundance of turf for firing, and fome rich pafture. Wkitilefry, Sl.AndrezvsznA St. Mary s, Camb. in the Great Bedford Level : Whit- lefey Dyke runs between them, and is a large village. Wkitlon, Durham, NW. of Srockton. Whittcn, Northumb. SW. of Alnwick. Whit ton, Shropf. SE. of Lud- low. /r,^///o«, Suffolk, near Ipfwich. li'lit- on, Whitton Dean, and Whitton Place, Middl, near Twickenham. Whitton, and Whitton Ncfs, Lincolnfliire, on th- Hum- ber, NE. of Burton Stather. Whit-wain, Northumb. in Langley Manor. Whit-Meb, Middl. near Walthain Crofs. Whitxvell, Derbyf. in Scarldale. Whinvell, z miles from Durham. JUntuoell, Ifle of Wioht, in E, Medina. Whit-iuell, Norfolk, S". of Repeliam. Whitzvell, R'jilandC. E. of the yale of Catmofe. Whitzuell, Weftm. n-,>.-ir Great and Little Afhby, H'hitzcell, Yoi kl'. E. of Sheriff- Hutton. Whitxvick, Lelcef. E. of Aflibv-de la-Ziuch. Whitivorth, D'irhsm, S. iif Brandfpeth Caftle. Whjx. all, Shropfhire, W. of Prtes. WHxky, Yorkf. NE. of Knn-efborough. Whor- End, Gloucef. in Niblty parifli. Jf'horle- ton, and it's Moor, Northumt)erl. N. of Pi6ls-Wall and Newburn. Whorncs Place, Kent, SW. of Rochefter. Wibberfon, Bedf. NE. of Wilden. Wthden, Gloucel. in Tiddenham parifh. JFiberton, or Wil' herton, Lincoln!', near Bollon. Wiborne, Cumb. on the road between Kefwick and Amblefide. IFi'-fey, Yorkf. near Br.ril- ford. Wibtoft, Warw. in the parifh of Cleybrook, in Leicellerfhire. Wiburn. bury, Chefhire, SE. of Namptwjch. WiBURG, a goveininent of Ruflia, be- ing the province lately called RijOim Fin- land, which was comprifed in Carelia. It has Finland on the W. and the Lake Ladoga and the government of Olonelz on the E. Befides ptiltures, the country produces rye, oats, and barley, but not J'uiHcicnt for the inhabitants. It formeiiy belon?td to the S.vedes, and was ceded 'o the W 1 c tU Riirtians, partly by the peace of J>Iy. ftult in i7ii| and partly by ihc treaty of Abo in 1743. This province retains moli oi' it's Ancient privileges, with fome occifional moflifications, wliich have been ntceirnily iniioiluctd under flie new go- vernment. !'> the governor's court, bufi- nds is tranfi^fted in the Swedidi, German, and Riillian tongues. Tne peufants talk only the Fini(h diaica 5 biit the inhabit- frnfs of the towns iindcriland Swedilh alio, and many of them Gerni.in. Lutheranifm !s the eltablilhed religion; but the Greek woifhip has lately been introduced by the RcfTiuns. WiBORo, a fea-portof Ruflia, former- ly the capital of Carelia, and now of the government of Wiburg. A few houlcs arc conftru^fcd with lirick ; but the great- Clt part of wood. They fell planks, tar, tallow, &c. chiefly to the Englifh, and import wine, fpices, and fah from France and Holland. The inhabitants are about ■5000. It is feated on the N. fide of the Gulf of Finland, 67 miles NNW. of Pe- tti fbnrgh. Wiburg, a city of Denmark, capital of N. Jutland, the feat of the provincial tourt, v/hich is held here every two months, and the refidence of a governor. It is about 3 miles ir^ circumterence, and con- tains 3 parifli chorclies. It is feaied on a lake, called Afmid, 95 miles N. of Sief- wicfc, and 110 NNW. of Copenhagen. Wicbam, 16 miles from Canibridge. Wicbampford. V*''orcefterfliire, S'W. of Evediam. ly'ichamfton, Dorletfliire, near Morechttrch. JVkhenden, 5 miles from Worcelter. li^ichford, Cambridgefiiire, W, of Ely. IVichlin^, Kent, 2 miles N. oi Lenliam. Wick, a fea-port and royal btirgb of Caithnel'sfliire, containing about 1000 in- Jiahitants. It is 13 miles S. ot Dunibay- Heid. Wick, Cornwall, NE. of Bofcaftle. U'Lk, Ert'ex, SW. of Witham. IFick, Gloucefterf. SW^ of Marflifield. Hick, Sjmerletf. near Kriiton. W^ick, S?merl". u.ar Wells, ll'ick, Surry, W. of GuiU ford. /^/V/fr, Worcerterlhirc, near Perfliore. Uickanford, Woicef. between Eveiliam ai.t VViMerlley, in Gloucelterfhire. Wick Cocket, Elfex, neu- St. Olyth. Wick Waryn-, Worcef. near Ptilhore. Wicke, Shropf. .SK. of Wellington. Wickelford, or Wickf. ford, and Mare- Hall, Wavv.-. S. of Alee f- I .. fi'ickc/i, Camb. near Buivvell. Wick- enficld. Bucks, near Stony Stratford. #Vy eridge, Gloucefterf. nearAlhelworth. Wi rr .a;-/t, Wtdmorl. iir.li- Ship. Wick- Jurd, EiTex, on the Croucii, SE. of Ramf- \V 1 c den. Wick ham, Berks, near W'dfonl. Wukham, Edcx, N \V. of Maiden. Wiik- ham, Hants, on the Beer, near Bidioj/s Waltham. Wickham, Herts, near Little Hadham. Wickham, Kent, a mile E. of Fordwich. Wickham, Kent, in the pjrirta j of Cuckeften anil Stroud. Wickhco/t, Line, near the Wafii, NW. of Qnr.pi<-'l. Wtck- ham, Lincolnl. SW. of Louih. Witkhani, Nortluimb. 3 miles from NcwcaHle. IFick- ham, Oxf. near Bloxham. Wi'kham, Suf- Itx, in Clayton parifh, % miles from Lewes. Wichham, Yorkfliire, NE. of New Maboni Wickham and Abbey, Yorkf. near Picker- ing Foreft. Wickham, or Child's Wick- ham, Gloucef. 6 miles W. of C^mpden. Wickham Honant, or Bonhiint, Efllx, N. of Rickling. Wickha?n firook, Suffolk, E. of Great and Little Bradicy. Wick' ham, Eajl, Kent, NE. of Bcxlcy. Wickham Market, a town of Suf. folk, feated on the river D.ben, 4. miles N. of Woodbridge, and 8z NE. of Lon- don. Market diiuled. Wickham, St. Paid, EfTex, near Wick- ham Bonant. Wickham Skeyth, Snfifolkj SW. of Eye. Wickham, H ej}, 10 miles SE. of Cambiidge. Wickham, Wtji, Kent, adjoining to Hayes. Wickhainpton, Nor- folk, W. of Tunftal. Wickhotife, Midd!-. near Olferley. Wickhoufe, Middl. near Hackney. Wickins, Kent, in Chaiing parifh. Wickins, Noithifnptunniire, SW. of Stony Strafford. Wkklexvood, Norfolk> sear Windbrur;. Wickicy, Northampton- ihire, near Boughton.' WiCiCLOVv, a county o" Ireland, in the pvovuice of Leinllcr; bounded on the N. by the coimty of Dublin, on the E. by the Iril!) Cbainiel, on the 8. by Wcxfoid antl a part ot Carlow, .^nd on the W. by Kildarc and Carlow. Ic is 30 miles irt it's grcatcft length, and from 15 to 26 irt breadth. It contains 5S parifhcs, about 11,550 houfes, and 58000 inhabitants. Much of it is mountainous and woody, with a mixture of rocks and bogs, yet af- fording beautiful and rom;'.ntic views : the valleys, however, are fertile and well cultivated. In the hills rich veins of cop- per and other minerals are found, and lately confiderable quantities of gold have been difccvered. *WicKLOW, the capital of a county of the fame name, in Ireland ; feated on the lea fide, with a narrow harbour, at the month of the river Leitrim. It is re- markable for having the belt ale in the kingdom, which, «'ith other provifions lent to Dublin, farms the principal part of it's trade. About a mile and a bait to the SE. is Wicklow-Headj on vrfiich there are W I E are two Ught-houles. It is 24 milts S8E. of Dublin. Wickner, Norfolk, near WoUerton. Wick Rifin^ton, Gloucefteifliire, S. of Sfovv in t!:e Woukl. H'lckjireet, G ou- CrSieifhiie, in P-iinlwicic panfh. IVkk^s End, and Odhury^ Gloucefterfhire, near WickvArare. Wick WARE, a corporate town of Gloiicelierfhiie, 17 miles NE. of Biiftol, and III W. of London. Market on Monday. IVick-Likk, Gloucefterf. a hamlet in the parifh ot Frampton Co'terel. ff'iciivick, Gloiicedcrf. SW. of Chipping Sodbmy. li'kkliff, Yorkf. SE. of Barnard Caftle. Jf'icoler, Lane, near Coin. U'ldhro^ Hill, Herts, N. of Hodl'don. IViddington, El- lex, near Dehden. JViddin?t07t, a mile fcE. of Worcefter. Widdan Friars, SW. or Dorche!i( r. Widdop Head, Yorkfhire, near Burnley in Lancafliire. Widdruig- ion, Nortiiiiinberl. between Warkworth and Newbiggin, Widehayy Berks, S. of Hungerford. Wide HOPE, or With OP, Cumberland, in Lorton pari(h^ an extenfive, mountain- ous, and woody traft, with fevtral fmall hamlets, fc?ttered about in different parts of it. It extends 4 miles from Cocker- mouth, nearly in a direft line towards ICefwick. The lofty Skiddaw, and the beautiful Vale of BaiTingthwaite, on one fide, and it's lake with the diftant hills of Borrovvdale on the other, falling off to the liorizor, form, from the heights of Withop, a mort grand and beautiful profpe6l. IVidemouth, Cornwall, W. of Stratton. Widerto7i, or Wiertoti Hoiife, Kent, near Boughton MonchellVa, or Q^^rry. JVid- Jord, S. of Cambridge. Widford, Effex, W. of Chelmsford. JVidfcrd, Gloucef. a miks E. of Burford, a parifli entirely I'MTOundcd by Oxfordshire. IVidford, Herts, a mi!e N. of Hoddefdon, Widhill, Wilts, SE. of Cricklade, IFidial, Herts, near Buniingford. Widkirk, Yorkfliire, E. of Leeds. IVidleigb, Hants, between Southwick and Havant. IFidmer Pole, Nott. between Stanton and Willoughby. Widmore, Kent, near Bromley. IVidnefs, J^ancaf. near Weft Darby. Widon, Nor- thurab. SW. of Haltwiftle. Widringlon, Northamptonfliire, between Peterborough and Crowland. iridvjorthy, Devonfliire, E. of Honiton. JVierJdale and Foreft, a wild folitary traft SE. of Lancafter. WiELlCSKA, a village of Cracow, Po- land, now compriud within the Auftrian Jciiigdom of Lodomeria. It is celebrated for It's fait mines, which lie 8 miles SE. of Cracow. In tliefe inexhauftjble nijiies, W I G are feveral fmill chapels excavated In the fait, in which mals is faid in certain dayj of the year. One uf ihcfe chape!* is above 30 feet long, and 25 broad : an alt^r, a crucifix, with various ornamen's and fta- tuee, are all carved out of the (alt, The iinmenle iize of the different excavations or chambers, with the fpacious pafTagej or gallerie«, the chapels above-mentioned, and a few fhtds builr for the horfes, which are foddered below, Jiave given rife to the exaggerated accounts of travellers, that thefe mines contain feveral villages, inha. bited by colonies of miners, who never fee the light, Thtrre is certainly room for fuch purpofes, the mines being of itupen- dous exttnt and depth, and dry as a room, without the leaft dr.mp or moifiure. There is, however, one fmall ipring of irefh wa- ter, which runs through the mine; but the miners have no fnbrenaneandwellint;s, and do not remain below more than 8 hours at a time, when they are relieved by others. Thel'e mines have been woi k- ed above 600 years. Before the partition ol Poland, in 177*, they furniflied a cori- fiderable part of the revenue of the kint- ot Poland, who drew fiom them an aver- age profit of about 3,500,000 Poliih flo- rins, or97,4Z-.l. i.i. 6d. fterling. WiELUN', a town of Poland, in Siradia. *WiOAN, a large and well built town of Lancafliire, (i;ated on the river D.)uglas, v.'ith manufaftiir-.s of cotton, rugs, blan- kets, linen, and v.iih pit-coal and iron works. That elegant fpecies of coal, called Channel, is found in plenty and great prrfe^ion in it's neighbourhood. The Douglas is made navigable to the Ribble; and it is joined by a canal from Liver- pool. Wigan is 30 miles S. of Lancaf- ter, and 196 NNW. of London, Market? on Monday and Friday. JVigaithy, Cumherl. in Aketon pariflr, IVigborougk, Great and Little, W. and i\W. of Merfey Kland. IVigden, So, merfetf. N. of Yeovil. JVigejlhorp, Noi'- thamp. NE. of Thrapfton. /figgenhif, SufTex, on the river Arun, oppoiite to Hpirdham. If' iggiflej, Nott, E. ot Tuxford, IVlggey, Suny> NE. of Ryegatc, H'ig' gin, Huntingd. N. ot St. Ives. If'igpitt' Moor, Huntmgd. NE. of RamiL-y. Jrig. ginton, Herts, on a hill, between Nonh- Church and Tring. IViggington, Oxf, near Hook Norton. Wiggin^ton, Siafi'. N." of Tamworth. IViggniJhall, Warw. SE. of Sutton Cotield. li^iggintborp, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Buhner Foreft, if ig~ pinton, NW. of York, ff'igqle/v.-ortb, Yorkf. S. of Settle, ff'iggol'd, Gli^ucef- SE. wt Cirenc,-?(}er.- tcilhjie, ii hamkt NE, iiighill. W I G Wipjill, Yoikfliire, on the banks of the \Vh.trt" breadth, containing 5 t'.-wns, 30 ^aiiflies, and abovit 22,000 in- hiliiiants. It is nearly divided into equal l)ait.s by the river Mede or Medina, which liles near the iouth coa(t, and falls into t!ie Channel near Cowes. Acrof's the idand, from E. to W. runs a ridge of hills forming a traft of fine oowns, with a chalky or marly foil, which feed a great number of fine fleeced flieep. Rabbits, hares, pirtridges, wild and tame fowl, ^■c. are alio very plentiful heie. In the N. parts the land is chiefly pafture ; in the S. chiefly arable, producing, it is thouglit, as much corn in one year, as is equal to the conlumption of eight. The variety of profpe^ls which this ifland af- fords, it's mild air, and the neat manner in which the fields are laid out, render it a very delightful fpof. It is devoted almoft folely to hnfbandry, having no manufac- tory but that of lalt, and a great relburce of the London market for malted barley. Among it's exports are a pure vi^hite to- bacco-pipe clay, and a fine white cryllal- llne land, uled in the manufacture of glafs. The lea is contimially incroaching on it on the S. pirts, and abandoning it on the NE. fides. Newport is the principal town. IVighljIeU, Gloucef. in Deerhurft pa- rifli. Uightlingham, SE. of Norwich. li':phtfncre, Staflrordl'. N. of Burton-upon- Tr'nt. irigktori, Nortolk, S. of Wells. lliglt Ucfel, Yorkl. NW. of Sheffield. If ightn.L-ick, Stafl'. near Wolverhampton. iriglefduti Moor, Durham, near Darlington. H'lgLjle, Wilis, near Everley Warren. irigrnere, Kent, NE. of Elham. IFig- more, Heretoidf. near tbe Lug. IVigmore, S\V. of Shrcvvfljury. IVignell, or ICigea- hull, Norfolk, in the Marlhland. irig/iell, St. Mc.rfs, St. Peter's, St. Magdalen, auil 5"/. Margaret's, are four parilhes on the W. fide ol the Oufe, SW. of Lynn. Jl't'^j'til, K.rnt, near Hawkhurft. U'igfton, Crc\it and Liitle, S. of Leiccfler. I! igtoj't, Lii-.colnftiiie, E. of Dunnington. VVicroN, a neat town in Cumberl.ind, feated among the moors, 12 miles SW. of C^ilUflf., and 304 NNW. of London. Mil ket on Tuclday. WicTON, a lea- port of Scotland, the cour ty town of Wigtonfliire, containing W I L about 1000 inhabitants. Here arc fome manufaftuies of pliid and flannel. It is 32 miles W. ot Dumfries. Wioi ONSHiRK, a county of Scotland, fometimes called Upper, or West Gal- loway. It is bounded on the N. by >V.yrfliire, on the E. by Kiikcudbright- fliire, and on the S. and W. by the Inlh Sea. It's greatelf extent, in any direction, does not exceed 27 miles. 7 he N. part, called the Moors, is naked and mountain- ous. Great numbers of fheep and black cattle are railed here ; and they have a finall breed of horl«;s peculiar to this dif- tri6f, called galloivajs, which are very ftrong and gentle. It is well watered with lakes and (Ireams, and has feveral commoilious creeks and harbours. IVigiKiall, Derbyf. near Wirkfworth. IVikam, Lincolnf, E. of Market Raifm. IVike, SinopHiiie, NE. of Great Wenlo'ck. inke, Shropf. near SheH"nal. l^ike, Suflcx, near Chichelter. irih, Yorkf. NE. of Halifax. IV/ke, Yorkf. S. of Harwood- Caftle. IVikeham, Leicef. NE. of Wal- tham-on- the- Would. JViketi, Norfolk, rear Garboldifliam. U^iken, Warw. a hamlet to Coughton. WikenAJli, Norfolk, SE. of Lynn. Wiienf'y, Lincolnf. S. of Market Kaifin. Wikerjley, Yorkf. near Rotherham. Wikerjley, or IVikeley, Yorkf. near Rippon. Wikey, Shropf. S. of Bag- geley. IVikin, Leicef. near Hinkley. IVi- lam, Northumb. W. of Newcaltle. IVil- baflon, Norfhamp. SW. of Rockinghani- Forelt. Wilhees, Suflex, near Arlington. iniberfoffe, Yorkf. W. of Pockliiigton. H'tlberry, Wilts, between Newton- Tony and Ambrefljury. irilbrakam. Great and Little, 7 miles NE. of Cambridge. IVil- brighton. Staff", near Moreton. I'/ilbur- ton, Camb. SW. of Ely. irilburion, ot Wilherton ; fee U'iherton. H'ilburton- Rode, Line, between Wibci ton and the fea. IVilbury Hill, Herts, near Hitching, iril- by, Northamp. SW. of Wellingborough. IVilby, Suffolk, near Stradbrook. Wilby- Hall, Norfolk, near New Buckenham. Wilchernjjode, Dorletf. in Purbcck Ille. IVihot, Oxt. S. ot Charlbury. IVilcot^ Shropf. near Shrawarden Cattle. irHcot, Wilts, E. of Alcannings. IVilden, 4. miles NE. of Bedford. H'ilderjley, Shropl. W. of Longnor. IFildernefs, Kent, near Seven- oaks. ll'ildertoTi, Kent, near Throwley. WlLDESHAUSEN, a town and dillritl in the duchy of Biunfwick, Lower Saxony. li'ildftoke, Dorletf. in Whitchurch pa- rifli. li'ildj'v.crth. Line, on the Trent, W. of Kirton, i:i Llndfey. Wilford, Nor- thamp. by the Avon, NW. of Naleby. U'iljirJ, a hamltt of Ciifton, by Notting- ham. W I L bam. Wilgaie, or IFolgate Green, Kent, in Thiowley paiifti. WiLKOMiF.RS, in Wilna, Lithuania. IVilkJhy, or }{^il/l>y, Lincolnf. near Bul- lingbrook. lVillaJ'to?i, or Woilafton, Che- ihire, between Hooton ami the Dee. IFil- lafton, Chfclhire, near Nainptwicli. /^'V/- lafton. Magna, Stuopftiire, near Wigmore. IVillen, or tVilley, Warw. NE. of Newn- ham Padox. U'illenhall, Staff, near Wal- fall and Wolverliampton. IVillcrliy, Yorkf. on the river Harfcr they were compelled to retire with lofs. It is 14 miles SSW. of Dort. ll^illiamfcot, Oxfordf. N. of Banbury. Williamjion^ Northumb. near Kirkhuugh. miliamfthorp, Derbyf SE. of Chefterfield. Williamjirip, Gloucelicrl". near Coin Sr. Alwins. IViUiaiTi's or Willimofs IVick, Northumberl. near Beltingham. IVilline, Bucks, SW. of Newport. IVillifigiiale, Doe and Spain, Eflex, near the Rollings. Willingford, Staffordf. NE. of Lichfield. U'illingham, Camb. E. of St. Ives. IVil- lingham, Camb. E. of Gogmagog-Hills. inilingbam, Line. SE. of Gainfborough. Willingham, OQ tiie river Witham. E. of W I L Lincoln. JFIling/.am, Suff. S. of Btccies, IVUlingkam, N. and S. Line. E. and SE. of M:ai krt Railin. iriilingpiuorth, Staff. in Si.dglcy parilh. IViliington, SE. of Bjdrord. U^illington, or IVihnington, Cinib. in the I(ie of Ely. IViUiiigtof:, Chertiire, near High Leigli. li'iUingtcn, Derbyf. N. of Burfon-upon-Trrnt. IVU- linglon, Dm ham, SW. of Brandl'pethCal- tle. IViUingion, Durham, 2 miles SE. o\ Bidiop's- A ukland . U'iUhigton, or Willy, ton, Lincolnfhire, S. ofKirton in Lindiey. Wil/higton, Northumberland, W. of Tin- mouth. IVill'mgtojt, Sulfex, N. of Cuck- mere-Haven. WiUington, Wrtrwickriiite, near Shipton-upon-Stour. U'illion, Herts, S. of Baldock. milij'ham, Suffolk, be- tween Needham and Biideffon. Willis' Island, at the N. end of S. Georgia, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Willishaw, a town of Lucern, Swif. lerland, 15 miles NNW. of Lucern. H'illiton, Somerlt^trtiire, S, of Wafchet. JFilloford, Cumberland, where the Plft's- Wall crolles the river Irthing. li'iUough- h, Lincolnfiiire, near Alford. IVillougb- iy, Nottinghamfliire, N. of Newark. WiLLOUGHBV, a town of VVarwick- ftiire, ieated on a canal, near tlie conflux of the Leame and Avon, E. of Lcmington HalVmgs. This town has lately airumtd a commercial appearance, from the num- ber of new buildings rifing on the banks of Ifhe canal, and the m.-gazines of coiil and limelione laid up here for fale. It is i^ miles SE. of Coventry, and 77 NW. of London. M irktt on Tuel'day. lyilloughuy-Qn-thc-U'ould, Nuttingh. on the S. borders or the county, near the FulFc-way. H'il/ough!y, Scots, of If'ater, LincolnC. N. of Fokiitgham. IFillougbbyt -SV/yi', Lincoln!'. S. of Sleafurd. U'iihu^hly il'aterlefs, Leicelterl. nyar C 'uniilthorp. IVilloTxiheck, a (tream in Yorkihire, running into the S.vale at Cundal. ll'iilo'-.vlr'ufg:-, Stafford!', formerly a tafliionable iciort, on account of it's wells. IFUlj'don, Middlefex, between Paddington and Harrow on the Hill, li'illy, or WiUehy, Shropf. near Bi idgenortfi. U'illy, Surry, in Chaldyn pini^h. /f///y, a liver ot Wilts, which runs into the Upper Avon, a littk- below Salifbury. //'///>, Wilts, on the river Wiliy bourn, near Heittrlbuiy. IViimer- Jhn, Soiiierl'eifhire, betweeu Lath and Farrrhorough. Wilmington, a town of N. America, the largcft in Delaware, 12 miles SW. of Pliiladelphia. Wilmington, a town of N. Carolina, fituated on the E. branch of C.ipe Fear rivt'r, 76 miles SSW. of New Bern. iiilmingtoftf \V I L U'lhii'inp:toit, Kenr, a mile SW. of D.irt- fr)i\l. IVilmin^ton, Kent, n«ni- Scllindge. H'ilmi'igtOH, Kent, m'.tr Boaon Aluph. If'ilr/ii/igfon, Shropf. W. of Stiperltonc's- Ilill. 'iViimlniiton, Siiffcx, near Eaftbourn. H'ilmwjlon, Pevonf. in Taviftock pariOi. WiLNA, a lurge city, capital of Litli'.i- ania, »n a palatinate ot" the lame name, with a univcility. The houies are moftly btiilf of wood, and thtre are upwards of 40 churches. It is It.ued at the confluence of tlie rivers Vilia and Wilna, 215 miles NE. of Warfaw, ifil/jaH, Staftordf. near Wol vei-harnpton. ffihie, Mugna and Faria, Dcrbyflnre, in Sawiey parilh. Wilmcote, Warwickfhire, a hamlet of Tamwoith. Wi/Jhury, near M.iimouili. JVjhforii. Lincieen's Lodge, which is the royal refidenct i.i luni- mer J and below this, 'n the Lov^er Lodge, fi4- tiie accommodation of the youngir branches of the royal family. AJjoinirg the QnCv-n's Lodge is the Little Park, which extends rouiid the N. and E. fides of the caftle, and ioruis a btautitiil lawn, alwtit 3 miles in ciicumfercncc. But on . the S. fide of the town is a much larger park, called the Great Park, which is laid to be 20 miles in circumference. Windlor is %z miles S. by W. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. WiNp50R Forest, an extenfive foreft in the E. part ol Berkfliire, about 50 miles in circumference. It contains fevcrsl vil- lages, of which Wokingha!;], or Oking- ham, near the centre of the foreft, is the princij>al; and though the foil is generally barnn and uncultivated, it is finely diver- fified by hills and dales, woods, lawns, and delightful villas. Wifidfo-y Old, Belks, on the Thames, to the fcE. of New Windfor. H'in(sfcrd, Somcileti". SW. of Carhampton. JVine- Jlozv, SW. of Monmouth. IVinfarib'mgf Not folk, S. of New Bucket. ham. JVi?i. ftld, or irinford-cumFclton, Somerlerr. W. of Pensford. If infield, Wilts, SW. ot Trowbridge. U'iujord- Eagle, Dorfetf. a mi'e SE. of Little Toller. IVlnforton- Court. HMefordf. on the Wye, near Whit- ney. Winfrith, DorJttf. W. of Wareliam. //V/;^, Bucks, near Afcct. ll'ing, Ru'l. 3 miles from Okeliam. Wingcdl, LiDcolnf. iieai Kiitoii in Lindlcy. Wingale, Stall", bctrvctn Leek and Fl-fli, Wingcr-.vorth, Deibylliirc, 2 .-..iJcs SW. of Chelfc! field. Wi.-^gf.cld, N. and S. Dei by f. near Alfrc- ton. IVingfidd, Kent, in Wrotham parifh. JVinpfcld, Suffolk, N. of Strndbrook. * li' ingkam, Kent, by the Stour, 3 miles SE. of Fcrdwich. U':?igham Barton, Kenr, near Sandwich. mig,\T-ve, Bucks, NE. of Ayl-.fliury. I^i/^gjl-y^ L t,;olnfliire, near HorncaftlV. IVindball, H a m p f h i 1 e , N . o f W i n c ii. c li e i" . if'iningbart!, Chcfhiie, on the Pever, near Nu;thwich. IViningicr., Shropf. KW. of Canle Caltle. In th.s parifii was born, in 14.S3, Thomas Parr, wlio lived to tiie age ot 152 years. Jl'ini;:gton, StafToidf. near Aflilcy. /r//7^wr«,Nottingh.N. of Soutji- well. U'inkficld E^i k«, 2 miL-!, liom Si;ii- ningwell. ii'inkf.cld- Et^ft, Berks, in the FuJf. W I N Foreft, 5 miles from Wind for, If'inkJey, Yorkilme, W. of Rippon. JVinlayton, Nortliumb. near Nevvcaltle. iVinimelay, Lancaf. near Giiritang. U'inmore in-El- mety Ycrkfhire, 4 miles NNE. of Leeds. ff'in/ielra-iv, Northumber). NE. of Kirk- haugh. if'innejley, Heret. NE. otWeobly. WiNNICZA, in Braclaw, Poland. If^innington, Cht/hire, near Northwich. fl'i/irwiv, Curnw. 5 miles from Launcef- ton. Winrujb, GJoucefterf. near North Leche. IVinjiury, Sliropl'. neai Chirbury. V/inschote;-, a town of Groningen. Wtnjcale^ Cumberland, between White- haven and Cockermouth, JVinfcomb, So- merletfliire, NW. of Axbridge. Winfcot, Devonfiiire, by Torrington, WiNSEN, 3 towns of Lunenburg Zell. IVinfgell, Cumberland, SE. of Kirk Of- wald. Wiiijbain. Somerfetf. SE. of Chard. Winjliill, Dcrbyf. by the Trent, in Burton parifh. Winjlade, Hints, a miles from Eafmgftoke. Winjlcy, Shropf. E. of Caufe Caftle. JVinJley, Wilts, near Bradford. * WxNSLOW, a town in Buckingham- fhire, 7 miles NW. of AiKfbury, and 50 WNW. of London. Market on 'Phurfday. JVinfon, Gloucefterf. in Eibury pari/h. Winftanley, Lancafliire, SW, of Wigan. irinfted, Yorkfhire, near Patrington. WiNSTER, a town ot Derbylhire, with innumtrable cottages, fcattered on the fide of a hill. Here is no mat ket, but a meet- ing for the faie of provifions on Saturday. Jt is fituated near jich mines ot lead, 7 miles NW. of Derby, and 144 NW. of London. IVinfter^'Wt^Tn. near Ct 00k . Jl'infton, Devonl. nearModbury. /Fz>//?o«, Durham, 4 miles bclov/ Barnard Caltle, towards Ji)ailington. IVinJ'ion, Gloucel. 6 miles NE. of Cirenceller. lFinfto/7, Gloucef. inBibury parifli. fFi'iffon, Ni^rfolk, near the Gillinghams. IFi/i/tc/i, SuH'ex, S, of Dcbenham. IVbiteley, Chtfh. S. of Sand- bach, frhiierl^or/i, Berks, in Chevtley pari/h. IVinterliorn, Yorkf. SE. oi Settle. if'ititei-i'orn, or Wherry, a liver in Doritrt- Ihire. IVinterborn Ahtas, Ajhton, Monk- ton, Came, Clenfton, FarrhigJon, Her- ringft07i, HoTjJton. Kingfton, MuurivarJ, Mufton, Suarelfton, St. Mnrlin, S:a- pleton, Strickland, nomfon. If hitchurch, and Zelfton, Dorietfliire. Ji'ir.ttrlorti, .Cherborougb, Danfey, Earls, Gunner, and Stoke, Wiltj. Hinterborn, Gloucel". near Pucklechurch. IVinierdine, Woicef. near Bewdley, Wintering, Yorkfhire, SW. of Arkendaie. JVinteringkan:^ HimtingdonC. SE. of Eyneibury. iVinterlngham, Lin- colnOiire, in the N. angle, neai th- Hiun- l?er. IVinterfnilt, HaiUii, near Billiop's- \V I s Waltham. Winterjlovj, Dantly, E. and //'. Wilts, N. of Clarendon Park. Wi.NTERTHUR, a town of Zurich, noted fur a manufafture of beautiful ear- then-ware, p:uticularly while; together with painted ftoves. ]t is 15 miles NE. of the City ot Zurich. IVinterton Baft, Wiltfhlre, N\V. of Miilborough. WiNTERTONNESs, a cape of Noifolk, 5 miles NNW. ol Yarmouth. The town of Winterton, near it, which is fituated in a foil reckoned the fatti.ft in England, and the eafieit to be ploughed, declined on the advance of Yarmouth. Market diluted. Winiksrp, Lincolnf. on the coaft NNE. of WainHcct. U'iiithcrp, Nottinghnnd'. on the Trent, NNE. of Newark, iritney Hartley, Hants, near Hirtley-Row. Win- ton, Hants, 3 miks froin Chriftchiuch. Winton, Hani s, near Riiigwood. Wintcu, Sulfex, N. of Cuckmi-re Haven. Winton, Weftmorl. in the parifli of Kirby S:cvcn. Wintrig, Nortliumb. NW. cf Widdring- ton-Caltle. Winirington, Lincolnl". near Vv''intringliain. Ji'inivick, Huiuingdonf. near the Giddings. H'lnnjuick, Lancaf. N. of Warrington. Win^vick, Nortliamptcnf. E. of Tlirapfton. Win-ivick, Nortliamp- tonfliire, a mile SW. of Cold Aflihy. Winyard, D.irliam, near Buiterwick. Wippedfitet, Ker.t, in Thanet Ille. U'iral, or Wirehal, Ciitfliire, is a trafl between the Dee and the Nurley, from Cheller to the tea. It is 16 miies long and 8 broad, and was once a foreft. WiRKSwoRTH, a town in Derbyfhire, fituated among hills, wliich abound with lead ore, and with tUmaces for Imehing it ; which is generally done by large wood fires. Here is a barmoot court, confi.'fing of a mailer and 44 jurors, to determine difputes among tl'e miners. It is 8 niius N. by W. of Derby, and 135 NNW. of London. The market, which is the greateft for lea,^. in England, is on Tuel'day. If'irley, Magna and Parza, Staft". near Watling-S'rtet, and the louicc of Walfal Water. Wirf-vall, Cliefh. !•:. of Malp.:gkan:, St. Faith's and St. Mary's, Norfolk, lE.of Kepehain. W I T J'/itchley, Heath, Rutland!", between Ketton and Tmewell. IVitcbnxood, a forcft in Oxfordf. between liurford and Charlbury. Witcomh, Somerfetl. SE. of the Avon, op- pofite to Bath. JVitcomb, Somerletf. N. of Eaft and Wdt Harptrce. IVitcomb, Soir.erfetfliire, near M .rtock. IVitcomb, 6 niiles SE. of Gloucefter. WiTEPSKi, a town of PolotAc, Lithua- nia, fea:edon the Dwiiia. * WiTHAM, a town in EfTex, feated on the great road to Harwich, 8 rniics NE. of Chelmsiord, and 37 NE. of London. Market on Tuefday. WiTHAM, a river of Lincoln/hire, wliitli palTes by Grantham to Lincolr>, where it becomes navigable, and turning SE. enters the German Ocean below Bof- ton. It is a (hallow ftream, famous for it's pike. From Lincoli> it has a com- municaiion with the Trent, by means of a navigable canal, calkd Fofsdike.cut by King Henry I. which is fllU of great ule in conveying away the corn, wool, and other commodities of the country. IFitbam, Berks, on the Thames, 3 miles W. of Oxford. Withafn, Hants, N. of Andover. IVitham, N. and S, Lincolnf. near the fource of the river Witham. JVitbam-on-the-Hlll, Lincolnfhire, SW. of Bourne. Ifitbcall, Lincolnfhlie, SW. of Louth. Witbcock, Lucclftrf. near Laund Abbey. Witbefia^w, Chefhire, NE. of Alrringham. Jf'itbe ridge, Devonf, E. of Chimieigh. Witheri gton, or JVodrington, Northuinh, an ancient callle near the Jhore. IViibenngfey, Yorkf. E. Riding, in the'S. bailiwick of Hornfey. H'i!her>!e, Lincolnf. N\y. of Altcrd. IVitbersJidd, SnfFolk, N W. of Havei ill. U'ltberjiake, Weftmorl. near B' iglfer Park, and Levins Bridge. H'itbirfpan, ElTex, near High Ongar. JVi'herjione, Dorfetfliire, near Beminfter. U'ither-xvick, York!", in Holdcrnefs, S. of Hornfey. Withfelds, EiTcx, near Great Iltord. Withu'.U. Cornwall, NW. of Bod- min, WitbioM, Ht rts, N. of Buntingford. Witbihrook, Warwichf. in the paii.'h of Monk's Kirby. Witbicomb, Devonf. NW. of Adiburton. ]V]t'-ico7nb, Sun)erfetf. near Carliampton, IViibicomb Kaiuley, Devonf. between Powderham Caftic and the fca, U'iibiford, Magna and Parva, NE. of Shrew fbury. Witbibam, SuiVcx, near Buck- luirff, iritbitl, Cumherl, NE. of Scalcby. JVltbi".g1on, NE. of Hereford. Ifuhing- tc/2, Gloticcfterf. on riie Coin, 6 miles SE. ot Chcltenhani. I'/itbiugtoti, Upper and Loiver, Chefliire, near the Peovers. JVith. into?:, Staffordf. W. of Utloxeter, Withi- pcol, Somcrf. SW. ot Duntter. H'i/born, Lincolnf. near Thoitlby. li^ithy Bridge, Giouccl. W I V. Gloucef. In Bodington piriOi. Wttky-Hilh SumerCeif. SW. of Wllliton. IVitley, Surry, SW. of Godalmin, JVitley, Great and Little, Woicefterfnire, at the foot of Woocibeny-HiJl. WiTLiCH, a town of Treves. Witne/harn, Suffolk, near Ipfwich. * VVtTNEY, a populous town in Oxforcl- fliire, noted for it's nianufaftnre of the fineft white blankets, and other thick wooiicns, called bcaifklns and kerfi^ys ; alio tor it's trade in carding, fpinning, &;c. It is 8 miles NNW. of Oxford, and 64. WN W, of Lonuon. Market on Thurfil. JViton, Worcefterf};ire, in Wick parifli. Wits EN'HAU SEN, a town of Hcife Rhiiitels, circle of Upper Rhine. WiTTEMEERG, a town in the deflo- rate of Saxony, with a famous univerfity, in which Martin Luther, who lies buried In the chapel belonging to the caftle, was profeffor. It is not large, but has a con- liltory, or court of juftice, and is the place where the general affemblies of the circle are held. The old caCle, or citadel, was formerly tlie eledloral refidenre. It is feared on the river Elbe, 55 miles NNW. of DreI'den. Wittenkam, Little, Berks, near Benfing- ton. IVittenham, Long, Berks, W. of Dorchelier. WiTTENSTEiN, a town of Livonia. Wittering, Northamptonf. near Thom- haugh. JVitterii.g, E. and W. Sufiex, in the peninfula of Sdfey. U'ittlfsford Bridge, 7 miles S. of Cambridge. WiTTMUND, a town of Embden coun- ty, in E. Fricfland. Witton, Chefli. by Northwich. Witton, Durham, near Nevil's Crofs. Wittcn, Durham, 3 miles W. of Bi(hop Aukland. Witton, Hercf. near Llanwerdine. U'ition, Huntingdonf. near Houghion. Witton, Norfolk, E. of North Walfliam. Witton, E. ofNorwich. Witton, Worcef. NE. of Bromfgrove. Witton-Caflle, Northumb. rear Newcaftle. Witton-cum- Freeze, Lan- cafliire, near Blackburn. Witton, £. and W, Yorkf. 2 miles from Micllam. Witton, Long, Nether, and Shields, Noithumbcrl. NW. of Morpeth. Witton, Upper and Lo^jcer, Warwickfliife, N. of Birmingham. Witrijliam, Kent, in Oxney Ifle. Witty - Green, Oxfordfliire, near Rasnfden. WiVELSCOME, a town in Scmerfct- Ihire, with a confiderable manufactory of coarlc woollens, &c. It is 20 iTiiks N. by E. of Exeter, and 155 W. by S. of London. Msrket on Tuelilay. Wi'vehfield, Suffex, N. of Dlchlinor. Wi'venhoe, or Feunoe, Efl'cx, 3 miles from Colcherter, of which it Is tlie harbour. W O G Wiverhy, Leicef. SW. of Waltham-on- the- Would. Wizierjly, Berks, near Sun- ning. Wiverton, Nottingh. on ttie Snite, near Langarr. Wivaford, Wilts, near the Dcvercls. Wi'veftone, Suffolk, NW. o^Mcndlefham. Wi-vill, Oxfordl. W. of Henky-cn-Thames. Wixo, Suff. W. of Stoke, by Clare. Wize, a river in Cumb. which runs into the Waver, in the Holm. Wlodsimierz, a town of Volhynia. WoAHOO, one cf the Sandwich I'flands, lying to the NW. of Morotoi, at the dii- tancc of 7 leagues. From the appearance of the NE. and NW. parts, it is the findt ifland of the group. Scarcely any thing can exceed the verdure of the hills, the variety of wood and lawn, and ric!i culti- vated valleys, which the whole face of the country difplays. It contains about 60,000 inhabitants. Lieutenant Hergelf, commander of the Dsdalus ftorefhij), who had been fent from England, in 179 1, to New S. Wales, and thence to the S. Pacific Ocean, with a fupply of provifions ior the floop Dlfcovery, Vancouver, then on a voy- age of difcovery, was here furprifed and killed by the natives, together with Mr. Gooch the al'tronomcr. Lat. 21. 43. N. Ion. 157. 51. W. *WoBURN, a town in Bedford/lilre, formerly famous for it's abbey, which is now a country feat of the Duke of Bedford, fitiiated in a fine large park, walled round. Woburn was burnt down, June 19th, 1724, but has (ince been neatly rebuilt. It has a free-fchool, and a charity- fchool, founded by a Duke of Bedford. Near it is foimd great plenty of fuller's earth ; and here is a manufacture of jockey-caps. It is 12 miles S. by W. of Bedford, and 42 NNW. of London. Market on Friday. Wobuiy, Shropfliirc, near Bridgenorth. Wodcll, Yorkfliire, W. Riding, between Wliarnfide Hill, and the N. Riding. Wodenjlorough, Kent, near Sandwich. Near it is a remarkable eminence, fuppofed to have been railed by the Saxons, as a pedeffal for their idol Woden, which flood upon it. Wodmancote, Suflex, SE. of Sttning. WoDNANY, a town of Prachatitz, Bo- hemia, W^OERDEN, a town of 8. Holland, on the Rljine, 8 miles S. by W. of Utrecht. Wogkam, i\i'Xe\, N. ofLtwes. If'dg- net, E. and W. Divonf. near Afhburton, Wokey, or Ohey, Somerletf. S. of Mendip- HdU, wiihiii a miles of Wells, On the N. fide of ic is a dark, difmal cavern, call- ed Wokey Hole, about 2co yards in length, which contains feveral curious pieces of natuie'a workmanfliipj a kitchen, 3 C 3 a hall, W O L a liall, a dancing room, a cellar, anti other ailmiiiiblc ierciiibl.iu in fonie places W O L '7 invalids, to drink goat's whey ard milk. It is 14 miles S. ot Berwick. M.'iiket on Tluiifday. li'ollerjliill, Worcefterf. S. of Pcrftore. Wolierton, or If^o/terton, Norlolk, N. of Ayllliam. JVc'lefwortky, Devonl. N. of lb low, that a man muft crtep, to pal's Crediton. lyolUyy Derbyf, in ScarlUale, . thro\igh. VVoKiNC, a town of Surry, between Guiltoril and VVtybiidge, 24 miles SW. by VV. of London. Market onTuelclay. Wokingham. See Okingham. IVoL-fion, StalfordI'. E. of Penkridge. WOLAW, a town and principality of S;icrii,with a woollen manufaftory. lie. Ceding, SulTex, near Midhiult. IVol- loroxv, or iradhoro'-JJ Park, Worcef. W. of Pcrdiore. irukomb, Dorfctftiire, near Slierborn. H'oUomb Matrwveri^ Dorfetf. a mile N. ot M-lbury Bubb. J'/ohot, Somerfetf. near Bath. IVcldham, Kent, by the Medway, 2 miles and a halt SW. of Rochelter. U'oldingham, Surry, E. of W.iilingiianu JVo'fi!rdifiK:orth, D-vonf. rear Ilartland. It'o'fe Nenvton, Mon- moiuhfliire, N. of Strogte Ciltle, Wo LFHN BUTTLE, 3 conlidcrable town of Brumwick, cupual of a piincipsliiy of the fame name, which ccniliiutcs a part ot the duchy of Brimfwlck. In the cliate-^u, the refulence of the dukes, is a library, containing 120,000 volumes of printed books and nianulcripts ; alfo a cabinet 61 cuiiofities relating to natural hiftory. In the princijiality arc 18 towns, 386 villages, ami 17 lets and convents. It is 24. miles E. of Hildcrtieim. NW. of Alfrelon. IFolley, Dcvonf. in Up.ot paiifh. Wolley, Soinerittf. near Bath. H^ollry, Yoikl. NW. of Barnefley. Woi.LiN, a fta-port of Pruflian Pome- raiiia, at the mouth o\ the Oder, capital of an ifland of the fame name. It is 10 mile» S. of Ca Timin. if'olmagum, Ide of Wight, in W. Me- dina, WoLMAR, ir, (he government of Riga. fVolmarJiony Someri'etf. near N. Pcrher- ton. IVolmer Forcjl, Hants. Woltner- Creen, Herts, by Datcliworth. IVolmiftom, Somerf. in Crewkein paiifli. IVolpkam- cote, or O'vencote, Warw. near Willough- by. U'olfehy, StafFordf. near Rugcley. WoLsiNGHAM, a town in the county of Durham, in a country abounding in ccal and lead mines. It is 16 miles SW. ofDuiham. Market difule;oWis.';, atown of Novogrodeck, /ro/ivr/fr, Worcei. on the Stour, near Lithuania. n'olhiid, Dorfetf. a mile SW. of Ibber- ton. ffollafcoml', Upper and Nether, De- Kidderminlter, and the canal which joins the Severn near Stourport. ff^ol-verfhiH, \V'arw. in Bulkingtoii paiifli. Wol-ver- vonf. S. of Ilfracomb. W^ollaton and ftsn, Suffolk, near Jpfwich. H'ol'verton, IVcllaton Hall, the feat of Lord Middleton, near No:tingham. U'oUp.ii'tJigton, Somerf. between Sedgniore and Huntlpill. li'ol- iai'ingtOH, Sufl"ex, near Pet worth. WoLLER, a town in Northumberland, much reforted to, in the furomcr months, or IVolveringtcn, Bucks, near Stony-Strat- ford. Ifol-vrrtcn, Ille of Wight, in W. Medina. If'ol'verion, Kent, tiear Folk- ftone. If'ol'vertoK, or U'ultcrton, Norfolk., on the coaft, SW. of Snetiham. ff'ol-ver. ton, near Warwick. ff'ol'Vci, IVeft, Suf- fexj \v o o Tex, N. of Stenlng. ll''ol'veton, NW. of Of Dorchefter. WoLVEY, a town of Warwickfliire, fiUiatLd near Hinckley, N. by E. of Shil- ton. Market on Wednelclay. U'omhorn, StafFoKif. SW. of Setlgley. Wom'-'.jtll, Yorkfliire, SE. of Bameflty. jrombnjuell-Hall, or JVimbie, Ken», in rhe parifii of Northfleet. IFomejlcgk , Dorfetf. a hamlet in V/otton Fitzpain. I'/omenf- nvold, Kenf, near Canterbuiy. Wo7ncrf- Icy, Yorkshire, near Ponteha.^. WonJtr, Bidfoidf. near Woburn. WonJy., Mon- moui hr. near Caldicore. Wonfton^H. mts, nrar Micheidever. JFoocot, or Jf'oodcoty Surry, * miles S. of Wimbledon. JVooJ, Devonf. E. of" Modbury. Wood, Devoiil", near Colunihton. U'ood, Devonf. near Woouleigli. IVood Rcifixvick, Norfolk, NW. of S. Walftiam. H'ooJIjcrry, Dor- I'etf. near Bere Regis. JVoodborough, be- tween Nottingiiam and Southwell, JVood- lorough, Wilrs, E. ot Bifhop's Cannings. WoODBRlDGE, a town in Suffolk, feat- ed on the river D^ben, >.\iih very fate and deep water, but the bar is dilficuit and uncertain. A good corn trade is carried on here, and it is famou's for refining fait. It is fituated about 6 miles from the Tea, and 7 NNE. of Ipfwich, and 76 NE. of London. Market on Wednefday. IFocdburny E. and ff. Nonhumberl. on the Read, SE. of CorfcnfrJe. U'oodbury, Devonf. 9 miles SE. of Exeter. fVood- chefter, Giouc. S, of Stroud, 2 miles from Mmciiinghampton : liere is a manufacture of filk, and of fine broad cloth, li'ood- cburch, Chefhire, betvireen the Dee and Merley, 3 miles from Liverpool. U'ood' church, K;nt, 3 miles E. of Ter.'eiden. Woodcock Hill, Midui. in the parifli of Harrow. JVoodcoty Hants, between Wood- hay and Overton. Wocdcot, Hams, near Whitchurch. Woodcot, Nott. in Skegby pariflj. Woodcot, Oxf. near Ucnley-upon- Thames. Woodcot, near Shrewlbury. Woodcot, Shropf. near Shefnal. Woodcot, Worcef. in Bromfgrove parifli. Woodcot e, Surry, near Wimbledon. Woodcotc, Up- per and Lon.ver, Warvv. SE. of Coventry. Woodcots, Djifetf. 2 miles from Sixpenny Henley. Woodcraft, Northamp. between Peterb-rough and Stamford. Woodcroft- Hall, Diivham, on the Wear, SE. of San- hope. IFoode, alias Wood.burch, Kent, in Thanet Ille, 5 miles N. of Sandwich. Wood-Eaton, on the Cherwell, 3 miles N. of Oxford. Wooden, Northumb. on the coaft, S. of Aylmouth. Wood Ei:d, Bedf. SE. of Tuddinc^on. Wood End, Glouc. in Twining parifli. Wood End, in Dini- inork parilh. Woe (End, Gloucef. in the \v o o parifli of Hill. Wood-End, Herts, near Anlley-Bury. Wood End, Herts, near Flamlted and Bury. Wood End, North- ampri.nf. NW. of Towceller. Wood-End, Stntfordf. in Needwood-Fortfl. Wood End, Staff, near Shenflon. Wood End, Staff, near Wallall. Woodenton, Wilts, W. of Uphavcn. Woodcrl'in, Gloucef. in Nibley panfh. WoodfoLl, Kent, near Yalding. Woodford, in Galway, Connaught. Woodford, Chefliirc, between Preffbury and Stopford. Woodford, Dorfetf. on the river Frome, between Fiampton and Bin- don. Woodford, Glonc&l^. in Berkley pa- rifli. Woodford, Northamp. a mile SW. of Thrapfton. Woodford, Northamp. near Bifield. Woodford, Somerfetf. bv Vv'cils. Woodford, Elfex, in Epping Foreif, 8 or 9 miles NE. of London. Woodford, Great and Little, Wilts, 4 miles fiom Sarum. Woodford- SraiiP-euuays, Dorfetfiiire, E! of Doiclicfler. Woodgreen, Herts, a mile W. of Chefhunt. Woodgreen, Middlefex, near Tottenham - High - Crols. Woodgro-ve, Kenf, in Oxney Ifle. Wood-Hall, Cumb. near Cockcrmouth. Woodhall, Effex. in Aiki'd.-n. Woodhall Herts. N. of Hat- field. Wood Hcdi, Middl. N W. Of Pinner. Wood-Hall, Yorkfhiie, near Bifhoplihle- Chace. Wood Hall, Yorki". W. of Wc- tlurbv. Woodkam, Surry, near Cheitfcy. Woodham Ferris, Elfex, E. of the Hin- ningfields. Woodham Mortimer ■And Wa- ter, or Wcdter, Elfex, adjoining Hafclcigh. ¥ ood- Hatch, Surry, near Ryegate. Wood- hay, Chefhire, SW. of Namptwich. Wood- hay, Eaft, Hants, on the borders of Berks, towards Neiiburg. Woodkay, Weft, Btrks, SE. of Hungerford. Woodhead, Chdhire, at the fource of the Merfey. Woodhead, Rutlandf. nea; Bri^-Catterton. Woodhide, Dorfetf. in Purbcck Ifle, between Dunfhay and Afflington. Woodborne, Northumb. near the coaff, N. of Newbiggin. Wood- koiife, or Woodborroiv, Nott. S. of Sher- wood-Forefh Wood Houfe, Derhyf. neai Stubley. Wood-Houfe, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Wood Houfe, or Heath Houfe, Hants, near Petersfickl. Wood Houfe, ids of Wight, in E. Medina. WoodHoiife, Leiceli near Loughbciougli. /food Houfe, Northumb. SE.of Harhotile-Cadle. Wood- Houfe, Norihumh. S. of Alnwick. Wood- Houfe, Sliropf. E. of OfAClhy. Hood- Houfe Staff. NE. of S:one. Wcod-H'.ufe, St:^tf. S. of Patlhall. Wood Houfe, S:..tr. near Womhorn. Wood-Houfe, Wef^morl. near the Ken, 4 or 5 miles below Kendal. Wood Houfes, Chelliire, SW.of Frodfham, Jt'ood-Houfs, Sliropi'. E. of Wellingf.in. Wood Houfs, Shropf. NE. of Whitchurch. Wood- Houfe, Staff. N. yf Netd.vooJ-Fo- 3 C 4. rcrt. woo (vR. If'ooil-Houffj, StnflT. iitar Yoxal). UnoilHurft, Hunting I, near Somciflum. Us'j.i Land, Dnlnl". in the High Peak. If'ocd Land, Devonfliiie ntar Aihburton. Wood Land, Dfvonl'. on the Y.ilne, .1 li'- tle.ihovc Yalintton. Wood Land, Dcvonl'. nccir Toirington Pnvd. IVood Land, D^rletl'. S. ot Ci.mhi-in. In this mnnur, to the \V. ot Riiigwouil, under an a(h tree, tlie Dii^fe of Monmouth was taktn after tile battle of i;cilgeniore. The tree is in- Icribtd with the names of feveralvvho hare vifitcci tlic f|iot. li^ood Laud, Glouctf. in Alinondfhuiy parifti. Hood Laud, K.cnt, NW. ot VViothain. Wood Land, Warw. on the boidesof VVoictdcinure and Staf- fonllhire. irood Land, Wilts, NE. of Marlboronnh, IVood Landy Wilts, near IVItre. Wood-Land Chapel, Lancaf. in Fournefs Fells. Ifood Lund, E. an.l JV. Soniitf. and Wilts, near Frome. fVood- Land-Houfe, Kent, N. of ]?lackhe;uh. {(''oodlan.v, S. ot Warwick. Ji'oodley, De- vonf. between Brent and K.nglbridge, Wocdiej, near O:le>r the invention, or firft twi(t- ine;,of tl-.ar fort of woollen yarn or thitad, •viiich from hence is c:illeri worded. Here is alio a maniifailmc of worded ffuh's, and of knit and wove Itockings. It is 12 miles N. by E. of Norwich, and 120 NNF. of London. Market on Saiurday. M'crilhnrii, Lmcal. in V\'hallcy paridv. Jf'orjloi:, Lane. NE. of Clithero. fVorJhn, N. of Stnttcrd. Worth, Devonf. in Wafh- ington p.irid). IVcrtb, T>Qr\h{\ SE. of Cramboiiin. Wcrth, or IVonie, Kent, a mile S. of Sandwich. Worth, Sudex, in Worth Forert, E. of Ifieid. Woith, E. and IV. Dorict(hire, S. of Corfe-Cadle. Worth- Francis, Dorietf. on the river Birt, in Netherny parllh. Wor:h-iv''altra--vers, Doiletf. 2 miles SW. of Lar.gton, in Piiibcc;; Ide. Wcrthnm, Suffolk, near ILiddeld lie. Wortham. E. and W. Hants, near Alton. Worth Cdftle, Hants, W, of Fortfmouth. Wortken, Shroj'f. near Adon Pigot. Worthing, Noifoik, near IIoo and Swanton. Worthiigtcn, Lane, rear the Dowks, N. of Wir;an. Worth- ingto'., Leicef. near Stanton-Harold. Wor- thy D01UKS, Hants, near Wincheder, Wortifig. SnTtx, W. of New Siiorcham. Wor.ley, Devonf. between Rowborough and S. Alouiton. Wart.'n', Glouc. in tiie paridi of Worton-iindcr-Edge. Wortlej, Yorki". near Wentwcrrh, on the banks of the Don. Wortley, Yorkf. in tiu p^rifh ot Leeds. Wort'ikam, Devonf. N. of Lilli.n. Worlon, Middl. in Ide'.vorth pa- rirt). Wot ton, Wdis, near the Devizes. Worton, Lozvcr nnd Up/^or, Oxferdf. near D.tdington. Wort~xcll, Norlolk, near Harledon. Wor'Sd, Shropf. NE. of Bridge- north. Woj'aken. CluTnire, in Malp^s pi- ridi. Wotton. SW. ot B-dfurd. Woiton, Berks, near Ai :ngdon. //''o«o»/, Cornwall, NVV. of Saltafli. Wottcn, near Glouceltcr. \V R A WoUon, Hants, W. of Rifiniraoke. Wnt- ton, Ide of Wight, in E. Medina.- Wat- ton, Kent, 3 milc-s NE. of Elham. Wot- ton, Lincolnf. NE. of GUndfoid Bridge. IFotton, Norfolk, near Saxling!;am. Wal- ton, S. ot W'lrih imuton. JFotton, WcoJlon^ or Wullon at Stone, Htrts, W. or Saw- comb. Wo'ton, Oxf. near Time. Woiton, Sliropf. E. of Olwc'ftry. Wcilon, Somerf. near Pilton. Wotton, Sudex, E. of Dich- ling. ^o//(3«, Sud'ex,nrMrPevenfey Marfli, Wotton- Abbots ; fee Wollon-Abbci:. Wotton-Basset, a town in Wilr- Hiire, 30 miles N. by W. of Salifbnry, and 8 ; W. of London. Market on Friday. Wotton Courtney, Sointrf a. miles from Minchead. Wotton Vit%pain, Dorfetdiire, near Lyme. Wotton (Jlanfield, Dorlttf, near the Vale of Wlilte Hart. Wotton, Great and Little Lane. SE. of Liverpool. Wotton, Lonver and Upper, Surry, 5 miles from Darki'ig, near the bottom of White Down. Woiton, N. and S. Norfo'k, N. of Lynn. Wot/on, North, Dorfctf. S. of Sheiborn. Wotton, North, Somerf. NE. of Gladonhnry, by Svjdgmour. V/niton- Ri-uers, Wilts, near Savemake-Foreft. //'■'o//5«'/-£wi^ Glouctdt-rf. in Wederleigli paridi. Woiton, South, Somerletlhire, S. of GInllonbiiry. * Wotton-under-Edge, a town in Gloiiccfterdiire, feattd under the hills, with a cond in this county, one in Lancaf. and the third in Wcltmcrl. Wulfall, Wilt.<;, near Great Bedwin. IVulfeniOtt, or Ovencole, Warvvickf. near Willoughhy. IVullerton, Shropf. SE. of Frees. IVulley, Durham, NW. or Branfpeth-Caftle. WuLPiT, or WooLPiT, a town in Suffolk, in the road between Bury and Iplwich, 8 miles E. of the former, and 79 NE, of London. Market on Thurfday. A horfe fair, which bfls for a week, from Septcmbrr i6th. IVulfcot, Derbyf. NW. of Wirkfworth. Widj'iborf, Notiingh. in Lowdham paii(h. IVulfton, Cornwall, in Sr. Ives panfh. Wulfion, Durham, N. of Stockton. U'ul. ftou, or ll'olfton, Warwickf. SE. of Co- ventiy. IVulftt-y-Caftle, Cumbcil. W. of Alibey-Holm. H'uhjefcote, or /f'ofcotef Warwick!", near Granboiough. ICurney, a river in Montgomcryfliire. ffurjpur, Yorkfliire, S. of Burton Grange. Wurtemsvrg, or Wirtemburc, a fovereign duchy of G;.rinany, in Su «bia, S. of the p-ila;inate of the Rhine, atul the territiiries of Spire, Hohenloe, and Hall. It is 65 miki in Itni^rh, and as mucti in breadth, and the river N^ckar runs almolt through tlie middle of it fiom S. to N. Though there are many mountains and woods, yet it is one of the molt populous and fertile countries in Cirmany, pioduc- JEg plenty of paffure. corn, fruit, excellent wine, timbci, and filk. There arc alfo mines and falt-fpiings, with pltnty of filh and game. T(:e duchy contains 68 cities and l< bed, between lofty rocks cloihe>l with hanging woods, and here and there crowned by ruined cai- iks, have e.T, ployed tlie deicriptive powers of the pen and pencil, and often attract the curicfity of iiaveliers. H'ye, a river in Derbyfhire, which rifes in the NW. part of the county, above Buxton, and flowing SE. tails into the Derwent below liakewell. frye-Do-iui, Kent, is part of a ridge of hills, beginnmg at Chatham and ending at the lea, between Folklione and Hythe. Wycrton, Kent, near M::id(lcne. IVyham, Lincolnf. near Luilburgh. Wyhe, Dorleti". a mile from Gillingham. K^yke, Dorlcif. in Halllock parifli. JFyke- Regis, Dorfetf. near Mel- comb, and the ferry to Portland I fie. K^ykes, EfTex, near Beckingham. IVykes^ Suffolk, near Ipfwich. Wykin, Warwick^ NE. ot Coventiy, Wyl, a town of St. Gall, SwilTcrland, capital of a biiiiwick. It is 16 miles SSW. of Ccnltance. l^'yley, Effcx, SE. of Wivenhoe. l^y- t?:onclhnm, Leicef. S. of Waltham-on-the- Wouid. Wymondham. See Windham. WYNANDER.MERE.Sie Windermere. Wynen'Dale, a town of the late Au- flrian Flanders, wheie General Webb, in 1708, as he was conveying a great fupply of ammunition and provifions to the army before Liile, was attacked by 24,000 French ; but though he had only 6000 men, he dt feated the enemy, and arrived fate at Lifle. U'ynniton, Cornwall, SE. of Mount's- Bay. IVynJler and Wyre, rivers in Lan- cafiiire. Wyre, a river of Luxemburg. W^yredaliy Lancaf. a lonely village near Wyrcdaie Foreft, at the lource of the ' Wyre. JCyre-Fcrtj}, Worcef. near Bewd- ley. IVyre kiill, or Hall, Middlelex, near Edmonton. iVythinglon, Gloucel'. near Dowdefwell. iVythn^ Yorkfliirc, N. of Headon, in Holdernefs. IVyverton, Nor- folk, SW. of Clny. XACCA> X E R X U D X. XACCA, or SiACCA, a fca-port of Sicily, in the Valley of Maznra, I'cHtc^il on the SW. coaft. It is 41 miles SSWCof Pakrmo. Xagua, a large bay on the S. coaft of the Ifland or Cuba, one of the fineft ports in A iierica. It is 15 miles in circumfe- rence, and is furround^^d with mountains, which break oif the force of the winds. Lcn. 81. 20. W. Xalapa, a town of Tlafcala, Mexico, which ib laid to give name to the purga- tive root, called jalap, or xalap. XALisco,a town of Mtrxico, capital of a province of the faine name. Xalisco, a province of Mexico, in the audience ot (juadalajara, and W. of Me- choacan, about 150 miks in length, and the fame in breadtli. Xativa, formerly a floiirifhingtown of Sp?in, in Valencia, but fidlng with Charles III. in 1707, Philip V. ordered it to be demolilhed, and a new town to be built, called St. Feiipi. It is 29 miles 8. of Valencia. Xavier, Island of. See Agrig- NAX. Xeres-du-Badajoz, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura. Xeres-de-Guadiana, atownof An- dalufia, feated near the river. Gusdiana, a little N. of Sr. Lucar. Xeres-de LA Frontera, a town of Seville, Andalufia, tamous for it's excel- lent wines, corruptly called ftierry. It is feated near the river Guadaleta, 15 uiiKs NNE. of Cadiz. Xerls-de-la-P'rontera, a town of Mexico, in tie province of Zacatecas. Xeres, Nova, a town of Venezuela, Terra Firma. Xeril, a confiderable Kiver of Spain, which riles in Cirertada, and empriis itlclf into the Guadalquiver, about 6 miles be- low Ecija. XERU.Mb'ivUA, a town of Alcntejo, 3S miles E. of Evora. Xicoco, an iiland of 3 ipan, about 5'3 miles in lengih, and near as many in breadth, SVV. of Niphon, and AE. of Ximo. It has fcveral convenirnt harbours, and there are many towns within the ifland. XicONA, a town of Valencia, 15 miles N. of Alicant. XucAR, a river in Spain, which rifcs in New CalHIe, and palling by Cuenza, Ahrcon, &c, in Valencia, runs into the Mediterranean, about 24. miles S. of the city of Valencia. XuDNOGROD, a town ot Croatia, Y A N yABINGTON, Hants, NE. of Wlnchef- •^ ter. Yafford, Yorklhire, near Northal- lerton. Yaik^ a river of Ruflia. See Ural. Yaik Cossacs. See Urahan Cos- sacs. Yaitsk. See Uralsk. Yakutsk, a town of RuflTia, in the go- vernment of Irkutflc, on the Lena. It contains between 5 and 600 houles, and has a wooden fort. It is 960 miles NE. of Irkutfk. Yaldham, Kent, in Wrotham paiirti. Talding, Kent, 4- miles S. of Welt Mai- ling:. Yale, a town and diftrifl in the Ifland of Ceylon, 56 miles SSE. of Candi. Talmeton, or Yampton, Devonf. on the river Yalme, SE. of Plymouth. Yaneton, or Heanton, Devonf. N\V, of Barnftaple. Yangtcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Kiangnan. Y A R Yanivath, Weftmorland, S. of Penrith, near the conflux of the Loder and Eimot. Y^n-Morth, Gloucef. a hamiet to Halleton. Yapton, Sulfex, SW. of Arundel. Yar- horouf-J) Caftle, Wilts. Yarlmrgh, Line. 2 miies W. of Thornton. Yarcomh, De- vonf. W. of Chard. Yarcomh, Someifctf. near Whitllamon. Ynrdbury, 'D'tvonW r.ear Honiton. Yardlry, Herts, SW. of Bunt- ingford. Yardley, Norf. NE. of Loddon. Yardley, Somen, near Wokty. Yardhy, Staff, near Talk on-the-Hill. Yur.iuy, Worcef. in the NE. part, adjoming King's Norton. Yardhy, Cbace and Hafi'm^s, Northamptcnf. near Caftle AOiby. Yard- hyCo'.'h'tns, Northamp. NW. of S'.ony- Stratford. T'^jr.-/?/, Norihumberl. NW. of Harehaugh. Yardftvick, Chelliirc, W. of Sandbach. Yare, a river of Norfolk, which rifes near the NW^ part of the county, and pafles by Norwich, whence it is navigable to Yirmoutli, below which it falls inta the Y A R flic German Ocean. It is noted for plenty of rdfr^. Yunftborp, Yorkf. W. of Nfw Milton. y'arkhtll, lk-n.-tonll'. between Stretton and HcTcford. Yarlct, N. of Stafford. Tar- Ih^lon, Somcili-tf. W. of Wincanfon. ^Varmouih, Great, a conliderable fra port of Norfolk, I'eartd on the river Yare, hv means of which, it has the ex- port and import trade ot Ncrwicli. and va- rious j)lacrs in Nortolk anil Suffolk. It's harbour will not admit fhipb of large bur- den ; but it is extremely convenient for biilJnels, the vellels lying in the river, along a very exienfivc and coniniodiuus quay, planted with trees. It's toieigil trjde is chiefly to the Baltic, Holland, rortug:\l, and the Mediterranean. It alfo fends Ihips to the Greenland fifliery. The home filliing is f:\nicd on at two leafons; that for mackarel in May and June, and thit for iierrings in 06lobcr and Novembtr. Of thcfe laft, 50,000 barrels are generally t.iken .uid cured in one year; about 150 VclTels, of forty or fifty tons burden, bemg annually employed in the fifliery. The herrings are chiefly cured here by faking, anil then drying tlieui in wi:od imokc ; when, under the name of red her- rings, they are cither confumed at home, or exported to Spain, Italy, and other louthern countries. Yarmouth is much frequented in the ieafon as a place for fea- batiung. The town confilts of about 1 500 houfes, and there are a few pretty wide ftreets, and a Ipacious market-place ; but they are chiefly very narrow, are called rows, and are jufl wide enough tor their little canlagcs to pafs thiough. Tiiele carriages aie a kind of fledge, or very fmall cart, drawn by one horie, and cal- culated entirely for thel'e nariow ftreets. A lofty Iteepic here ferves as a landmark for thole at fea ; but which ever way it Is viewed, it appears crooked. Off the mouth of the harbour is a bar, which pre- vents the enti y of ftiips of large burden ; and the roads, E. of the town, within the dangerous fands and banks of the offing, are much frequented, though noted for frequent fhipwrecks. Yarmouth is 22 miles E. of Norwich, and 123 NE. of London. Marketis on Wednelday and Sa- turday. Yarmouth, a borough of the Ille of Wight, in Hampihire, ftated on the north- welUrn part of the ifland, on the fea (hore. 1: is 8 miles NNW. of Newport, and 99 SVV. of London. Market on Fridav. Yarnefomb, Devon!'. SE. of Bi.ii'cford. YnrndelJ, Statt". SW. ot Sffcne. Yirntor:, 3 mdci from Oxford, in the road to VV^ood- Y E L ftock. Yarnton-HaU, Warw. near Bir- mingham. Yaroslaf, a government of RufTia, W. of the government of Kolfrom. It's capital, of the fame name, whicli is noted for the manufacture of RufTia leather, is feated at the confluence of the river Volga with the Kotorofl, 140 miles NNE. of Mofcovp. Yarpoll, Heref. near Crofr-Caftie. Yar- ro-w, Jarronxi, or GyrvA, Duiham, on the Tyne, 5 miles E. ot Newcaltlc. Yarrcnu- Hnugh, Northuinbeil. on the N. Tyne, E. of Emmot-Haugh. Yariy, Dcvonl. near Menibuiy. * Yarum, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkfliire, feated on the river Ttes, over which is a hindfome (tone. briio- vinces of H'ldramaut. Nejed, and Hedj^.s. It is p?iicelled out amor^ different iox^' reigns, fome of them ooiv.'ic-rable princes, as rlie iman, who rdides at Sana ; olheis aie called fheiks, if chiefs of large vil- lages; and b.akins, ii of fmall ones ; who aie however perfefJy independent. Cof- tee is alinoft the only ariicle exported. Tendon, a river in Stafibrdfhiie. Yenisei, a large river of Sibtrria, which rifes near Chincle Tiirtary, and running from N. to S. enters the P~rozen Ocean, E. of I he Boy of Oby, YENlsEistc, a town of Siberia, In tlie government of Toboifk, and piovince of Tomlk. It is fixated on the Yenilei, and contains three churches, a monaflery, a nunnery, and an exchange, and pays an annual tribute of fkins to the crown. Lat. 37. 46. N. Ion. 92. 35. E. Yenlode, or E'venlode, a river in Staff. Yenfton, Someritrti. between the Cadburics and Stalbridge. Yentch^ou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Tchekiang, Yto, Dcvonftiiie, in y\.Uii.gton parifh. Yeo'verin, Northumb. in Glendale. Yeo- 'veri/t-Hiil, Northumbcrl. W. of Wooler. It is a Ittep and lolty mountain, one of tlie NW. Clieviots ; on it's futnmit and fides there appear I'evcfal works of reinote antiquity, imputed to the Druids. It is thought to have been a facred inount iifed in fire worfliip. * Yeovil, a town in Somerfetfliire, with a confidei able marker on Friday for corn, cheel'e, hem)), flax, and provilions, and a manufaffure of leather gloves. It is leated on the river Ivel, 4. miles S. of Ilcheftcr, and 113 W. by S. of London. Yerdejley, Ch«f. NE. of Macclesfield. Yerclji Yorkf. between Pickering-Forelt and the fea. Yerejhy, Yorkfli. SW. of Hovingham. Yesd, a town of Perfia, in Iiac- Age- mi, on the road from Kuinan to Ifpahan. It has a fdk manufaffory, and the inha- bitants make the fincit carpets in the world. It is 200 miles E. of Ifpahan. Yefington, Northumb. in the lurdfhip of Wooler. Yeftley, or Jftley, SE. of Ox- ford. Yetrrinjier, Dorieil. W. of the Vale of WliiteHari. Yenielsy, Derby f. in Shiiley paiilh. Yin:ency, Middkl". W. of Y O R Stanwell. Yockleton,^\Y. of Shrcwfbury. Yokfjlete, Y'-ikf. on the Humber, SE of Howden. Yok^ntbzi.>ate, Yovki'. W. Rid- ing, on the V.'harfe, near Langlfrt thdale- Cnace. Yokels-Court^ Kent, in Fiinfted parifli. Yo'iar.ds, Kent, near Godmerfliain. Tolgra've, D^rbyf. m the High Peak. YoU' do-JLj-t Doilctf. near Bcminlicr. YoNNE, a department of France, N. of the dept. of Nievre. It is fo called fi(jm a river that rifes in the dept. of Nievre, palfes by Chateau Chinon, Au- xerre, and Suis, below which laft it falls into the Seine, Auxerre is the capital. ** York, an ancient city of Yorkfhire, of wliich it is the capital. It has alio been conlidered as the capital of the North, and, in point cf rank, as the fecond city in the kingdom ; hut it is now lurpaffed in wealth and populoiifntfs by many of the more modern trading towns. The minfter is reckoned the nioft elegant and magnificent Gothic (frucluie in the king- doui, Lincoln perhaps excepted. From it's top is leen a valt extent of*couniry, particularly the outn VVulds to the E. ffretching almolt to the lea. It is diviiled by the river (>ufe ijuo two pans, which are united by a Ifately Itone bridge of five arches. The caJfle, built by William the Conqueror, is now a comity prifon for debtors and felons. Among tlie charita- ble foundations is an alylum for lunatics, by much the fined and plcalantelf in Eng- land. The river Oufe is navigable to this city for vefl'els of 70 tons burden, al- though it Is 60 rules from the Tea. The title of lord was firlf annexed to the ofiice of mayor by Richard II. This city has jurifciiiTtion over 36 villages and hamlet*, W. of the Oui'e, called the Liberty of Dhifty. It's menibci s claim a feat in the Houfe of Commons, next to the citizens of London, upon what is culled the privy- counlellor's bench. Yoik is 197 miles N. by W. of London. Lat. 53. 59. N. Ion. I. I. W. Markets on I'uelday, Tluiriday, Friday, and Saturday, Yorkshire, the lirgeif county ia England, bountUd on the N. by We(f- nioi land, ami tlie hifliopi ir of Durham j on the E. by the Geiuiim Ocean; on the S. by Lincolnfhire, Noitii;f;hamflure, and Derbyfliiie; on the SW. l)y a Imall pait of Chefliire; on the W. by Lancashire; and on tiie NW. by WcHmorland. It extends 90 miles from N, to S. and 115 from E. to W. This county is divided into three Ridings ; the N, Riding con- taining _i2. wapentakes; the E, 7 ; and the W, 12. It contains 1 city, 60 niar- ket-luwns, 563 parifhes, and 2330 vil- lages. Y O R l.igcs. The air and foil of tliis extenfive county v.iry extrcim.ly ; (he E. Riding, on account of it's neighbourhood to the Gcrnian Oc^an, is more inclined to hu- midity th:in the other ridings j but this inconvenience decrcafes in proportion as the country rectrdes from the fc.i. How- tver, where the air is nioft indifferent, the lc>il is moll fiuitful; for on tlie hilly parts of this riding, elpeciHlly in what is called the York Wolds, the (oil is generally bar- ren, dry, and fandy ; great numbers o\ lean ihecp are therttbre lold hence, and fent into other counties to be fatteneil for the market. The W. Riding enjoys a fh:irp, but healthy air, and the land, oH the wellern fiJc, is hilly, llony, and not very fruitful j but the intermediate valleys confill of much good meadow-ground, and alfopalture for the largeft cattle. Much flax is grown here, and large plantations of licotice, about Pontefrafl. On the lide next the river Oufe, the foil is rich, producing wheat and barley ; and, in it's worft p^ris, very good oats. It's other commo^lities are iron, coal, jet, alum, horfes, and goats. Here the clothing manufactures principally flourifii. Tne N. Riding, ill general, exceeds the other two in the falubrity and coldnefs of the air. The worft parts breed lean cattle j but on the fides of the hills, in the valleys, and plains, it produces good corn, and rich paltures for large cattle : in the dif- trift of Pickuing, which iorms the NE. corner of Yorkdiire, and confilts of a very cxienhVe, fecluded, and icrtile vale, is a toirile marl, produced by a petrifying Ipring, Very beneficial for improving land. Rape and potatoes are grovvn here in great quantities. Richmndlhire, on the NW. of this riding, was formerly a county of itfeltj here many lead-mines are worked to great advantage. In Yorkfliire, like- wile, are the diltri<^s of Cleveland, Hol- deriiefs, and Ciavf-n. The principal rivers of Vorkfliire are the Nortliern Ou!e, and thofe which fall into it, as the Don, the Derwenr, the Caldcr, the Aire, the Waarle, ihe Nyde, and the Youre, all which terminate in the Humber, which tails into the German Ocean, bet.ween Yorkfhire and Lincolnlhire. Here are likewlie the Tees and the Hull. York, New, one of the United States of America, bounded on the SE. by the Atlantic Ocean; on the E. by Connecti- cut, Mifuchuftts, and VermoiU ; on the N. by the45ih dtg.of hr. wh'ch divides it »rom Cinadaj on the NW. by the river S-. Lawrence, and iht Likes Ontuiio and Y O R Erie ; and on the SW. and S. by Penn- fylvania and New Jerfey. It is about 350 miles long, and 300 broad, and is di- vided into 13 counties. New York, in general, is interfered by ridges of moun- tains running in a NE. and SW. direc- tion. Beyond the Allegany Mouniains, howev-er, the country is pretty level, of a fine rich foil, covered, in it's natural ft tte, with various kinds of trees. Ealt of thefe mountains it is broken into hills, with rich intervening valleys. The hills are fhickly clothed with timber, and, when cleatcd, afford fine pafture. The valleys, when cultivated, produce wlieat, hemp, fl.>r, peas, grafs, oats, and Indian corn. Of the commo;lities produced from cultiirr, wheat is the ftaple, of which immcnfc qua'i- tities are railed and exported. The b^ll lands in this province, which lie alo.-g the Moliawks River, and W. of the Al- legany Mountains, ar-- yet in a ftate of nature, or are juft beginning to be fetrled. This Itate abounds with leveral fine rivers and hikes. The niun'oer of inhabitants, in 1771, was 14.8,124. whites, and .19,883 blacks; total 168,007. The capital is of the lame name. York, New, a city of N. America, capital of the ftate of the fame name. It is fituatcd at the SW. point of an iftand, at the confluence of H'-tdlon and Eaft Ri- vers, and is about four miles in circumfe- rence. The fituation is both healthy and pleafant. Surrounded on all fides t)y wa- ter, it is rcfrefued by cool breezes in fum- mer, and the air in winter is nx)re temper- ate than in other places under the lame parallel. York-Ifland is fifteen miles in kngth, and hanily one in breadth. It is joined to the main by a bridge, called King's-Bridge. The channels between Long and Staten Iflatids, and between Long and York Iflands, are fo narrow as tooccafion an unuiual rapidity of the tides, which is increafed by the confluence of the waters of Hudl'on and Eaft Rivers. This rapidity, in general, prevents tiie obftruclion of the channel by ice. There is no bafin or bay for the reception of fliips, but the road where they lie in Eaft River is defended from the violence of the lea by the iHands which interlock with each other, fo that, except that ot Rhode- lOand, the harbour of New York, which admits ftiips of any burden, is the beft of the Uniieil States. A few houfes here are built after the old Dutch manner, but the Englilh rartc has prevailed* almoft a cen- tury. In time of peace, more commercial bufiuefi is done htre than in any otiier port Y P R port in tlie United States. The mtniher of inhabitants, in 1786, whs 23,614. Lat. 4.0. 43. N. Ion, 74, 5. W. York-Town, a fmill town of Vir- ginia, iituated on the S. C\de of York Ri- ver, 13 mllfS E. ot Wiliiamfbiiigh. T0-k !Volds,3. heap of hills in the mid- clle of the E. Riding of Yorkfhirc. 7'ork- ton, Shrop!'. NE. ot Albrigliton. YoTCHiiOU, a city of China, of the ■fiift rank, in the province of Houquang, fituated on the Tongting Lake. *YouGHALL, a confiderable town of Treland, in the county of Cork. It has a very commodious harbour, and a fine, well- defended quay. It is fcatcd at the mouth nf the river Blackwater, 25 miles N. by E. of Cork. Toule, a village in the E. Riding of Yorkfhire, 12 miles below York, at the conflux of the Don and Humhcr. Here is a remarkable dike, called Youle Dike, 10 miles long. Here are a fort of pcrfons called Triers, becaiile, with a long piece of iron, they fearch into the foft, boggy ground, for fubterraneous trees, winch they Ibmetimes meet with of the fir kind. They often meet with trees large enough to fiirnifh timber for buiUling, and the fmaller trees they fplit into laths, or cut into chips or fplinters. Youljlon, Devonf. in Slierwell parlfh. Young''s Manor, Kent, by Chilham. YotJRE, a liver in Yorkfliiie, wlilch being joined by the Swale, below Borough- bridge, both theCe rivers conftitute what is called the Oiife. On this river is the magnificent catarafl, called Ayfgard- Force, the water falling nearly half a jnilc upon a I'urface of ftone, worn into infinite irregular cavities, and inclofcd by hold and (hiu'iby cliffs. According to Dr. Pococke, who vilited Egypt, it ex- ceeds the? Catarai^ of che Nde. Yoxford, Suffolk, between Saxmimdhani and Hdcfworth. Yoxhalt, Stafford (h. 4 tniles N. of Lichfield j had formerly a market. YPres, a town of Flanders, with a confiderable manufactory in linen, of an excellent fabiic, and every year, in Lent, there is a well frcqvienied fair. In 1242, the number of inhabitants, for the moll part weavers, amounted to 200,000. By the fcverity of the Duke of Alva, the prin- cipal manufaiVurers were diiven to Eng- land, from which time, that bianch of trade liaS declined. The chatelany of Ypres contained about 50 villages, and fclit deputies to the (latci of Flanders. Y U N By the treaty of Utrecht, it became a Dutch barrier town» and thougli taken by the P'rench in 1744, was reftorrd at Uie peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. It is feated on the river Ypielee, 15 miles NNW. Of' Lifle, and 138 N. of Paris. Yriex, St. a town in the dept. of Upper Vieiine, 20 miles S. of Limoges. VsENDiCK, a town of Dutch Flanders, 8 milts E. of Sluys. YSSEL. See ISSEL. YssEl.BURG.a town of Clcves. YssENGEAUX, a town in the dept. of Upper Loire, 10 miles NE. of Le Puy. YsTAD, a fea-port ot Schonen, Sweden, froii) whence a packet fails to btraliund. Ythan. See Eithan. Yucatan. See Jucatan. YvERDUN, a town of Bern, SwifTer- land, in the county of Vaud, capixal cf a bailiwick of the fame name, 15 miles in lengili, and containing 25 panfhes. In the Theodofian table, it is called Cajirum EhreJittievfe, and tiie Romans mainijine4 here a prcfeSius barcariorum. It is feated at the head of the lake of the fame name, 34milesSSW. of Bern. YvERDUN, Lake of. See Neu- C H A T E L . YvETOT, 3 town in the dept. of Low- er Seine, 5 miles NNE. of Caudcbcc. YviCA. SeelviCA. Yuma, or Lono Island, one of the Bah.ama Iflands, 50 miles in length, and of unequal breadth. YuMETOS, a clufter of fmall iflands among the Bahamas, about 20 miles W. or SW. of Ymna. YuN NAN, a province of China, S. of Setchuen and Thibet. It contains 21 cities of the fiill rank, and 55 in the li?- cond and third, and is well watered with rivers and lakes, which render it very fruitful. Gold is very often found in the fands cf the rivers, and probably there are mines of the fame metal in the mountains oftheealfern part. There are alio copper- mines, feveral forts of precious Ifoncs, be- fide mulk, benjamin, lapis lizuli, and ve- ry fine ipatble, fome of which is painted of divers colours. Tluy have alfo excellent horles, which are ifrong and vigorous, but low; as alfo very fmall d.ctr, whicfx are kept for their amuiemeut. Yunnan, a city ot China, of the firft rank, capital of a province of the fame name. Yltnning, a city of C'lina, of the firft rank, in the province of Honan. ;tABERN, Z A N Z A S 2. ZABERN, a town of Spue, ii miles SSW. ot M.mhtiin. ZabOLA, a town ot Tranfylvania. Zaburn. SccSaverne. ZacatECAS, a province of Mexico, having New Bifcny on tht N. anci Guafte- ca on the E. The ca))iral, of the fame namc^ is 14.0 miles NNW. of Mexico. ZacaTULLA, a town of Mtchoacan, Mexico, 130 miles S. of the city of Me- choacan. ZadMonachorum, Devonfliiie, SE. ©f- Okthampion. Zatka, in Spanifli Eiframadura. Zagara, a tamous mountain of Liva- dia, near the ancient Thebes, in Boeotia. It was formerly called Helicon, and is al- nioft always covered with fnow. ZaGRAB, in Auftrian Croatia. ZaHARA, a town of Andalufia. Zahara, or The Desert, a vaft country of Africa, ftretching from near the Atlantic Ocean on the \V. to Barca and Nubia on the E. and from Biledul- gerid on the N. to Nigritia and the river Senegal on the S. It comprehends a fpace of about 600 miles from N. to S. and i8oo from W. to E. The inhabitants are a mixture of wandeiingnations proceeding from Arabs, Moors, Portuguefe refugees, &c. fubje(5\: to a numbtr of petty princes. The commodities are camels, horned cat- tle, horfes, dates, the fat and feathers of ollriches, and the gum Senegal. Zaire, a large river of Africa, which paflTes through the kingdom ot Congo, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean, between the 6th and 7th deg. of S. lat. Z AMOR A, a town of Leon, on the Dniro. Zamora, a town of Guadalajara, Mex- ico J an 1 a town of Qn_ito, S. America, J 80 miles SSW. of Quito. Zamora, a town ot Algiers. ZAMOsKt, a town of Bclcz, Poland. Zanfara, a town of N«groland, ca- pital of a country, 1 70 miles ENE. of Wangara. Zaxguebar, a country of Africa, little known, fituatcd on the eaftern coaft, between lat. 2. o. N. and 18. o. S. in which the Portuguefe have various fettle- ments. The inhabitants are partly of the Romilh faith, and Mahometans, but moftfy Pagans, The Bedouin Arabs breed cat- tle, and live on the flcfli and milk, while the Zinges, or negroes, feed on wild bealls and fowl, which fwarm all over theli; part,s. Throughout the whole coun- try, are mine* of gold, eadly got, by the help of which the indoltnt natives purchafe iieceflaries from other parts; but, on this veiy account, they are extremely jealous of letting ftrangers penetrate into the in- land country. The principal territories are Melinda, Mongala, Molambiquc, Ju- bo, and fome others. The Portuguefe trade with the natives for flavts, ivory, gold, olfrich-feathers, furs, wax, and drugs. Zanhaca, a diftrifl of Zahara, in Africn, bordering on the Atlantic. Zante, an ifland of the Mediterrane. an, near the coalt of the Morea, 17 miles SE. of the Illand of Cephalonia. It is about I z miles in length, and 6 in breadth ; it's principal riches confift in currants, with which it abounds. Here are alfo fine peaches, weighing eight or ten ounces, cucumbers, figs, and oil. The houfes are losv, on account of the frequent earth- quakes, for fcarce a year paffes without one ; but they do no great damage. The grapes are called currants, becaufe they were chiefly cultivated about Corinth. This ifland lately belonged to the Vene- tians, and in it there are about 50 vil- lages, but no other large towns than Zante, which is feated on the eaftern fide of the ifland, and has a good harbour. The Englifli and Dutch have each a fac- tory and conful here. Lat. 37. 53. N. Ion. zt. 3. E. Zanzibar, an ifland of the eaftern coaft of Africa, near the coaft of Zangue- bar. Lat. 6. o. S. Zara, a city of the late Venetian Dal- matia, capital of a county of the fame name, with a fafe, capacious harbour. It is feated on a fmall peninlula, Joined to the continent by an ifthmus only 25 paces in breadth. On the fide of the citadel the fortifications are confidered as almoft im- pregnable, being defended by very deep ditches hewn out of the rock. Near the church, which the Greeks call St. Helia, are two handfome fluted columns, ot the Corinthian order, fuppofed to have been part of an ancient temple of Juno. The ciicumference of the walls extends two miles, and the number of the inhabitants is about 6000. In the caftle the provedi- tor, or governor of Dalmatia, refided. Lat. 44. 22. N. Zarnata, a town jn the' Morea, 10 miles SW. ot Mifitra. Zarnaw, a towm of Sandomirz, Po- land. Zaslaw, a town of Volhinia. Zatmar, Z E A Zatmar, a town of Hungary, 56 miles NNW.ofColofvar. Zator, a town ot Cracovia. Zborow, a town ot Poland, in Gali- cia, 63 miles E. of Lemburg. Zealand, an ifland of Denmark, in the Baltic, almoft of a round form, and about 700 miles in circumference. It is bounded on the N. by the Schaggerack ; on the E. principally by the Sound ; on the S. by the Baltic ; and on the VV. by the Great Btlt. The coaft is much in- tcrfc6\ed by large bays; and within the country arc fcveral lakes, which, together with the rivers, abound in fifh. In moft parts is plenty of wood, except towards the centre of the ifland, where turf is ge- nerally iiftd for fuel. It is the largcit of the ides of Denmark, and exceedingly fer- tile; producing graiti of all forts, and in grea< plenry; and abounding with excel- lent pafture. It is particularly famous for it's breed of horles. Copenhagen is the capital. Zealand, one of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands, feparated by the fea on the N. from the ifles of S. Holland ; by the Scheldt on the E. from Brabant; by the Hont from Flanders; and on tne \V. it is bounded by the Ger- man Ocean, it comprehends 8 iflands, 3 of which are pretty large. Their names are Walchercn, Schowen, S, Bcveland, N. Beveland, Tolen, Doveland, Wolfer- dike, and St. Philip. There are likewife pearance : it is, indeed, not only hilly, but mountainous: yet even the bills and mountains are covered wi:h wood, and every valley hat a rivulet of excellent wa- ter. The foil of thefe valleys, and the plains, of which there aie many overgrown with wood, is, in general, light, but fer- tile ; and it is fu^pofed, that every kind of European grain, plants, and fruits, would floiiiifti here with the utmoft luxu- riance. The winters arc miLlcr than in Enghnd, and the fummers not hotter, though more equally waim. There are forefts of vaft extent, full ot theflraighteft and largeft timber, fit for buildings of any kind. The trees are chiefly ot two forts j one as large as an oak, d.itipguillied by a fcarlet flower, the wood ot which is hard :;nd heavy j another remarkably tail and ftraight, of which, probably, very fine nialti might be made. Among other trees, is a fpccirs of piiiiadelphua, which grows en the eminences that ji;t out into the fea, the Ifaves of %vhich may he vie(\ as tea, and mi;;ht be an excellent fubfiitutc for that oriental plant. Wild < eleiy, and a kind of crefles, grow pientifuily in almoft every cuve. Yams, fwcet potatoes, and cocoas, are .iJfo raifcd by culfivation. if) 3, ' Cjpuin Z E A Captain Cook, in 1773, pUiUed fevfial fjiots of proiinii with Eiiiopfean girileii- fecds; and, in i777> in fVvi-ial of ihefe (pots, altlioiigh totally neglcdcd, and over- fun by wceils, were ioiind cabliHgcS, onions, It-eks, puifliin, radifhts, milliard. Arc. and a few fine potatoes, greatly im- S 'roved by ch inj'e of foil. Tiie oniy quad- upeds :ire dogs and rats -. the former are domcftic. ^nd for foot! ; and the latter, though not nu'mefovjs, (ceni alio to be daten. Tlie birds, like the VLgttabie pro- rfutlT'ons, are almofV entirely peculiar to (lie country; and though it is difficult to follow I hem in the woods, on account of ^he underwood ai.d climbing phn;s, yet a f>er(on, by reitiaining in one plsce, may flloot AS many in a dny as Vvill krve for Hk or eigjl^it others. Captain Cook intro- duced European poultry, and, on his lall Vifit, had the ("atisfafVion to fitv.l them in- treafed, both in a wild and dcnieftic ftatc, beyond all danger of being exterminated. Their creeks fw.um with fifli. which are not only whoKlome, but equally delicious ■with thofc of Europe. Captain Cive. The women, in general, are fmallcr than the men, pofltfling few peculiar graces of form or perlon ; and chiefly difiinguiflied by ttie fottnefs of their voices. The l)odics «f both lexcib are 'narked with black ffains, called amoco, which is the fame as laf- towing at Otaheite. Their dufs is alfo the fame; ir confiUs of an oblong gannenr, about five fret long and four broad. They bring two corners of this garment < vrr their (houldeis, and laflen ir rn the brenft with the other parts, which covers the body; and about the helly i: is again titd with a girdle of mat. They ornanunt their heads with feathers, peail fljelU, bones, &rc. T^e women, fometimes, wear neckhces of fliatks teeth, or btmches of long beads made of hones cr (heW^. Their houfes are miler.ihlc lodging places, and their only firmture is a few fmall balkets, in which they put their firtiing- hooks and other tnfics. Their food con- Z E L fifts chiefly of fi(h, with which, ipfteaU of bread, they eat the root of a kind of fern» which theyjcoich over the firei and then beat with a rtitk till the birk, or dry outfide, falls ofT. Bcfide theirdogs, they alfo con'riye to kill birds; and in moft parts of the northern iflands, they have Iweet potatoes, cocoas, and yams ; btit, in the fouthern, nothing is rai(ed by culti- vation. Their cookery confifts wholly in roaltmg and baking, which latter is per- formed in the lame manner as at Otaheite. The women eat in common with the men, and but little fuhordination, or dif- tiniUon of rank, i> obferveil among thein. From Cipe Kiufe of Hanover, by marriage with the heirefs, the male line failmg, in 1705. It is luirountled by ditches and ramparts, on whicii are plant- ed chefnut and lime-trees, and is a imall town, with a few artificers and manufac- turers, particularly in gold and filver. The houies are old, and of a mean appear- ance ; hut the high courts of appeal tcr all the territories of 'he eleftoial houfe of Brunfwick Limen'^u;g are h> Id here. Here ah.) is the provincial houfe for the (iiets of the principali'v. The orher pub- lic edifices are the Guddhall, the Riding- Houfe, the Mews, and the Armory. The Z I A' '^h^ caille, which is fituated near tli? town, and Is walled and moated in, was formerly thd ttfidervce of the dukes, and was repaired by order of the king of Oicat Britain, tor the refidence of his unfortu- nate Cfter, the queen of Denmark, who died here. It is fciued on tiic river AlUr, 4;0 miles S. of L'.inenljurg. Z&.LL, a town of Salzburg, Bavaria, feated on the Zeller Scej and a town of Hamrnerfljach, Siiabia. ZfiMSLA, Nova, a large ifland, Ivingj in the Northern Ocean, to the N. tf Riil- fia, from which it is leparated by the Strait of Waigate, about 500 miles in length, and fiom loo to 200 in breadth. It was firrt di!(:overec1 by the Ens^lilh in 1553. Xt''s inhabitants, are cliictty wild bealls, particularly white foxes, be trs, elks, rein- deer, and rab lits ; yet a few human be- ings' have been itcn here at times. The country produces nothing but moi's, and 1 few a>-6Hc plants. Sea-cows abound on the coa{f, and fea-fowl fl^ck there to lay their eggs. In 1596, a Dutch vcfiVl was call away on the coalt, and the fliip's com- pany were obliged to winter here ; they did not (i:e the fun i'roni the^-th of November, to the beginning of February, and had great difficulty to keep themfelves from being frozen to death. Lat. 71. to. 78.. deg- N. Ion. 53. 4.5. W. to7i. 4.9. E. Ze/i/ien, Cumwail, near S . Buiien's. '_ Zenta, a town ot Hungary, on the rlvcr Theiiie, where Prmce Eugene, in 1697, obtained a figi.al victory over the Xuiks, commanded by the emperor, Muf- tapha II. in perfon. Twenty thouliind. 'iTurks were kdlcd, 10, coo wounded, and 3000 taken prifoners. It is 52 miles N.- of Belgrade. ZER.RST, a town of Anhalt Zerbft, 0pper Saxiiny, with a caftle, where the princes commonly relide, and a college. It is famous for brewing good beer; and here are manufactures ot gold and lilver. It is 44. miles SSW. of Potfdam. . Zerea, a town of Faifjftan, Perlla, i8 miles NNE. of Schiias. ZiA, an iiland of the Archipelago, an- ciently called Ceos and Hydrafl'a, SW. of Andros, and i* miles E. of Cape Co- lonni. It is 15 miles in length, and 8 in breadth ; is well cultivated, and abounds in mo(i of the neceflaries of life. They have here a fort of oak, whofc fruit, call- ed 'velani, is the belt trading commodity of the i^^nd, being exported for the ufe of dyers and tanners. The principal town, of the fame name, refembles an amphi- theatre, and contains about Z500 houlcs, •Z U E all ftat at the top. Moft of the inhabitants are Greeks, and have a bifliop. Ziric-Zee, a towuof the United Pio- vinces, in Zealand, and capital of the Ifle of Schowen. It was the ancicnf. refidence of the counts of Zealand, and formerly a place of coiifiderablc coniequence. The harbour is now filled up witii fand ; it is, however, large and populous, and is i3 miles SSW. of Briel. ZiTTAU, a town of Lufatia, fubjefl to the eleflor of Saxony. Ttie principal bn- finefs ot the inhabitants is brewing beer; but there are above 100 cbthiers, and in the ueighbouiing villages above 1000 weavers. Tiie merchants of Zittau trade with thofe of Prague and Leipfick, and. extend their commerce as far as Holland. Here is a library, the fined in all Lulatia, which is open twice a week ; and at a Iniall diftance from it, i^ the orphan-houic. Jt is leated on the river Ncilii, 17 miles S. of Gcirlitz. Znaim, a town of Moravia, 58 miles SW. or Oimutz. ZOARA, an irtand of Barbary, with a good harbour, 60 miles NNW. of Tri- poli. ZoELiTZ, a town of Erzgeburg, Up- per S.ixony. ZOFFINGEN, a town of R:rne, Swif, ferland, the principal place of a bailiwick, 24 miks NNW. of Lucerne. ZoLLERN, a callle of Suabia, which gives name to the principality of Hohen- Zollcrn, whicli is 37 miles in length, ami 17 in breadth, and is a very fertile coun- try. The prince is h-ri-oditary chamber- !:UES, a diltri^\ ot Mexico, in Chi- 3pa, bordering on 'I'abalco. It produces plenty of filk and cochineal. ZoRNDORFF, a viU.age in the New Maiche, Brandenbure:, near Cuftiin. ZouT Pan, a curious fait lake in the country of the K n.-cniots, fituated a few miles N. of Point Padron. It is a plain» much above the level ot the fea, and be- tween three and fnn miles in circumfe- rence. At fome leafons of the year, it is formed into an entire mals of fine white l:dt, with a hard cruft, exaflly refembling ice, which, at a diftance, has a very ftrilt- ing appearance. ZuEBLA, a town of Africa, in Fczran, fiuiated in a ftitile iiiflri6f, in which the remnants of ancient builJings, fountains, cillerns. Z U R ciftcrns, and vaulted cavrs, exhibit fuch vcltiges ot ancit-nt Cplenilour, as will pro- bably attiaft, and highly itward, the at- tention of fiitint; travtlUrs. It is 60 miles E. of Maurzotik. Zvn, 3 town of Swiflerland, capital of n cantw) of the fame name ; leated en a beautiful lake, in a fertile valley. It con- tains two churches, a convent, a town- hoiili.-, aiTcnal, curn magazine, college, hofpiinl, Sec. Ofwaid, a Saxon king of NorthuinherbnH, in the 7th century, is the tutelar faint of this place. Zug is i i miles NNE. of Lucem. Zug, one of the cantons of Swiffer- land, bounded on the E. and N. by Zu- rich ; on the W. by Lucem j and on the S. by Schweitz ; about 10 miles long, and ijearly as mucli in breadth. The govern- Hi<-nt rclides in a council, which meets an- nually in the town of Zug, where every male of 16 years of age is pofTefTed of a vote, and where all public ports are con- Jinred. The inhabitants are Romanifts. Zuc, a lake of Swiflinland, 8 miles long and 2 wide, named from the town on it's coaft. ZuLLiCHAW, a town in the New Marclie, Brandenburg, with a woollen ir.anufaflurc. It is 37 miles SE. ot Frank- iort on the Oder. ZuLPHA, a town of Perfia, a fort of fo'niub tollpahan. It contains about 4.000 houfes, and is peopled with a colony of Armenians, who were brought into Ptrfia by Shah Abbas, from an ancient town on the Aras. It Is an archbi(hop's fee, and contains fcvera) churches and monalleries. ZuLPiOH, a town of Cologne. Zurich, acity of SwilTerland, capital 0/ a canton of the fame name, fituated at the northern extremity of ih? lake of Zu- rich. It is one of the beft-bwilt cities in this country, but the rtreets are narrow, and the joules high. Zurich was the firft town in SwilTerland, that feparated from the church ot Rome, being induced there- to by the arguments of Zuinglius, Among tl»e charitable foundations in this town are an orphan-houfe; an hofpital for Licurables ; that for the fick of all nations, ■which ul'ually contains between 6 and 700 patients ; and the Allmoleii-Amt, or toundation tor the poor, which puts out children as apprentices, and diftributes money, clothes, and books to poor per- fons, not of the town only, but of the canton, to fhe amount of upward of 50001. a year. The arfenr.l is well fupplied with cannon, arms, and ammunition, and con- tains a referve of mnl'rcets for 30,000 men. Ti;cy have inanufciduies of muilins, tut. Z U T tons, linens, filk handkerchiefs, &c. The inhabitants, in 1780, amounted to 10,559. It is 40 miles SE. of Bafle. Lat. 4,7. 20. N. Ion. 8. 30. E. Zurich, one of the 13 cantons of Swill'ciland, about 50 miles in length and 30 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by Schaff haufen and a part of Suabia; on the S. by Schweitz nnd Zug ; on the E. by Thurgaw anti the county of Tockcnburg ; and on the W. by the county of Bidcn. The civil war between the magiftrates and people of Zurich, in 1335, nearly reduced that city to ruins; but the former being baniftied, the citizens, in 1337, eftablifli- ed a new form of government. The exiles, after feveral fruitlefs attempts, were re- admitted : but, engaging in a confpiracy againft the citizens, were difcovered and put to death. In confequence of this, the nobles in the neighbourhood took up arms, and Zurich, for protefVIon, formed an al- liance with X-ucern, Uri, Schweitz, and Underwalden, and was admitted a mem- ber of their confederacy in 1351. The four cantons yielded the pre-eminence to Zurich, a privilege it ftill enjoys, being the tirft canton in rank, and the moft con- fiderable in extent, both of territory and power, next to that of Btrn. This can- ton abounds in corn, wine, and excellent pafture; but as there is not a fufficient fupply of corn for interior confumption, the deficiency is chiefly fupplied from Sua- bia. There is alio a granary maintained at the public expence, where, in feafons of fcarcity, corn is fold condderably cheaper than the market-price. In 17S+, it con-, taincd 174,572 inhabitants, including thole in the capital. The people are di- vided into thirteen tribes ; and the legif- lative authority is veiled ia a council of 300, or rather of 212 members drawn from thefe tribes. This council comprifes the fenate, or little council (compofed of 50 members) which has a jurifdiftion in all. civil and criminal caufes. Zurich, a lake of SwilTerland, in the canton of the fame name, near 10 leagues in length and one in breadth, It is of an oblong form, and the borders are ftudded thickly with villages and towns. The adjacent country is finely cultivated and well peopled ; and the S. part of the lake appears bounded by the ftupendous high mountains of Schweitz and Glaros j the fcenery is pi^urelque, lively, and diver- fified. Ztirita, a town of New Caftile. ZuTPHEN, a confiderable town of the United Provinces, capital of a county of the fame name. It was taken by the Frenc)^ Z W A French in 1672, under Philip, Duke of Orleans, only brother of Louis XIV. and abandoned by them in 1674, ^fter having previoufly dttlroyed the fortification?. It }S feated at the confluence of the rivers Berkel and Yflel, 9 miles S. by E. of Dc- venter, and 55 E. by S. of Anilhrdam. Lat. 52. 10. N. Ion. 6, zz. E. ZuTPHEN, a county of the United Provinces, feparated by the YlTel from Guelderland. Otho I.of Naffau, acquired this county in the nth century, by mar- rying the heirefs of Gerlach, Count of Zutphen ; fince which time it has ever been annexed to Guelderland. Zuyder-Zee, a great bay of the Ger. man Ocean, which extends from S. to N. in the United Provinces, betvi^cen Frief- land, Overyflel, Guelderland, and Norih Holland. It is fo called from it's fitua- tion toward the $. Zivallock, or Sivallock, Cornwall, SW. of Camelford. Z Y T ZwAMMERDAM, a town of Holland, on the Rhine, 10 miles ESE. of Leydcn. Zwickau, a town of Erzgeburg, Up- per Saxony, ftatcd on the river Mul- daw. ZwiNGESBURG, a town of Heffe- Darmftadt, circle of Upptr Rhiiw, 10 miles N. of Manheim. ZvvOLL, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in OveryfTcl, and in the Uiliriif of ZsUant. It is large and rich, and a canal begins near this place, which extends to the river Yllel, Here was formerly an Auguftine convent, in which Thomas a Kempis, otherwile called Hamerken, liv- ed 71 years, and died in 1+71, at the nge ot 91. It was formerly an imperial and hanlcatic town, and is feared on the river Aa, between the YiTtrl and the Vecht, 15 miles N. ofDeventer. ZwoRNiCK, a town of Eofnia. Zytomierz, a town of Volhmla, -9 miles NNW. of Kiof. THE £ N D. 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