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 THE BOSTON HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 COMMERCE IN THE WORLD WAR
 
 THE BOSTON HIGH SCHOOL 
 OF COMMERCE IN THE 
 WORLD WAR 
 
 EDITED BY FACULTY COMMITTEE 
 
 WILLIAM H. CUNNINGHAM 
 
 JAMES E. DOWNEY 
 
 CLARENCE B. HILL 
 
 WILLIAM H. H. PEIRCE 
 
 PRINTED AT 
 
 THE PLIMPTON PRESS 
 
 Norwood, Mass., U. S. A. 
 
 1921
 
 C|)!!5 36ook 10 SDeDicateO 
 
 TO THE PATRIOTISM OF THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 COMMERCE MEN — ALUMNI AND INSTRUCTORS — 
 WHO DURING THE WAR AGAINST THE CEN- 
 TRAL POWERS GAVE UP THE COMFORT AND 
 SECURITY OF CIVILIAN LIFE AND FOUGHT 
 IN DEFENCE OF OUR COUNTRY'S CAUSE. OF 
 THOSE WHO PAID THE "LAST FULL MEASURE 
 OF devotion" we mourn THEIR YOUNG 
 LIVES SACRIFICED; WE SHARE THE GRIEF OF 
 THEIR COMRADES AND KINDRED; AND WE 
 ARE PROUD TO HONOR IN THEM THE EAGER, 
 VALIANT, AND SELF-FORGETFUL SPIRIT OF 
 AMERICAN MANHOOD.
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 THE articles in this section were written at 
 the request of the editor. They afford 
 admirable evidence of the courage, the 
 spirit of adventure, the unselfish loyalty which 
 motivated so large a number of the young men 
 who made up our army and navy. Written from 
 various angles, they form a vivid composite picture 
 of the struggle, enabhng us to ghmpse at least 
 darkly the complexity and hugeness of the forces 
 which the War aroused into action. 
 
 The sincere thanks of the School are due to 
 the authors of these reminiscences, not only for 
 their willingness to give aid in the making of this 
 memorial to our boys in the service, but also for 
 the verve and simplicity which, for the most part, 
 characterize the writing.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The 26th Division Starts for Paris 3 
 
 Subterranean Flapjacks 25 
 
 Naval Experiences 29 
 
 The Air Service Mechanics School 37 
 
 Sketches from the Log of a Naval Recruit . 45 
 
 More or Less Official 53 
 
 Hospital Service in France 61 
 
 Training for Air Service 67 
 
 Submarine Two Points off the Port Bow! . . 75 
 
 In Khaki 83 
 
 The Sailor in the War 93 
 
 Impressions — Post and Posted loi 
 
 The Counter Attack at Chateau-Thierry (YD) 1 15 
 
 With the Marines 123 
 
 What the School did at Home 149 
 
 Reprints from the "Tradesman" 153 
 
 Letters 167 
 
 Roll of Honor and Record of Service. ... 177
 
 THE 26th division STARTS FOR 
 PARIS
 
 Commerce in the War 
 
 THE 26th division STARTS FOR 
 PARIS 
 
 ANSON EARL SAWYER, '15 
 Sergeant, loist Engineers 
 
 SAY, you fellows, just look here! We must 
 be getting near Paris." There was a rush 
 for the open side door of the rapidly moving 
 box car. What a sight! Yes, we were rapidly 
 approaching Paris. The buildings beside the track 
 were now closer together and of a distinctly urban 
 type. More and more people, mostly girls and 
 women, were waiting along our path — cheering 
 wildly; all had American flags, and every window 
 in every house on either side proudly displayed 
 the Stars and Stripes. 
 
 There was an enthusiastic response on the train. 
 Here were houses with whole roofs and walls, 
 streets free from shell holes, trees that were not 
 snapt off" at the base, and in place of the worn- 
 out peasant women were literally thousands of 
 pretty Parisiennes. It had been rumored that we 
 had been picked to parade in Paris July fourth, 
 but with a scepticism born of many disappoint-
 
 4 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 ments, we had rejected the supposition because it 
 was simply too good to be true. Yet here we were 
 in the very outskirts of Paris, within sight of Eiffel 
 Tower, and just in time, for this was the evening 
 of July second. Was it any wonder the boys went 
 wild? Already, vindicated prophets were claim- 
 ing acknowledgment to eager cries of "I told you 
 so!" Some of the more imaginative were already 
 saving the officers trouble by figuring out in ad- 
 vance just how the company was going to be 
 billeted. 
 
 Gradually we became aware that the train was 
 slowing down. It was a railroad yard ahead, at 
 the station of Noisy le Sec. We had stopped, and 
 many were the conjectures made as to the cause. 
 The prophets and soothsayers uttered words of 
 wisdom to the effect that we were taking on water 
 or changing the engine, but a prophet has no honor 
 in his own company. The major dashed down the 
 platform and received from some mysterious source 
 a still more mysterious communication which he 
 read. He smiled, and handed it to another officer 
 who read it, followed the major's example and 
 smiled. The captain handed it to a lieutenant who 
 read it, forgot to smile, and then, recollecting him- 
 self, had the poor taste to laugh, whereupon he was 
 sternly rebuked. The engine jolted the first car, 
 the train sprang back in recoil, and jerkily backed 
 off onto a siding, where it reversed its field and took 
 a new direction. Something had gone wrong. 
 Paris, with its glamour and alluring attractions
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 5 
 
 was fading behind. The river that wound between 
 the banks below the tracks was not the Seine, but 
 the Ourcq, and that water under the straight rows 
 of poplars was the Marne canal. We were not 
 going to parade in Paris, but instead we were head- 
 ing for the hottest part of the Western front. The 
 truth dawned slowly upon unwilHng minds. The 
 solacing words of the soothsayers were of no avail 
 against the determined grief of the disappointed 
 "bon vivants" who had already laid plans for a 
 celebration and would not be comforted. An irre- 
 pressible optimist, however, ventured to say that 
 that was closer than the Kaiser had come and we 
 could at least say that we had seen Paris. He was 
 promptly and vigorously silenced. 
 
 Back to the front? Why, we had just left the 
 front! The Division had "broken in" at Chemin des 
 Dames in February. Easter Sunday we went into 
 the hnes in the Toul front, where we had remained 
 through June. Thus far we had been most for- 
 tunate and our company had come through with- 
 out a single serious casualty. While out working 
 in front of the hnes at Apremont our own platoon 
 had been caught in the open without cover and 
 subjected to a fierce barrage from enemy artillery, 
 machine guns, and trench mortars. Our own fire 
 was almost as dangerous. Machine gun bullets in 
 streams buzzed from both directions just above our 
 prostrate forms as we made ourselves as unob- 
 trusive as possible; shells from our own batteries 
 were bursting just ahead, while Fritz dropped his
 
 6 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 contributions bounteously all around. It lasted for 
 about two hours. When it was over each man be- 
 lieved himself the only one alive, but as daylight 
 came everybody had been accounted for. Time 
 after time the whole company had been caught out 
 in a similar manner with little or no shelter, pelted 
 with gas of all varieties, and yet we had not left 
 any of our company behind us. Doubtless our good 
 fortune would continue at this front. This was the 
 sort of philosophy used by the men to facilitate 
 acceptance of the inevitable. 
 
 The train whirled rapidly along, taking us into 
 a country which showed plainly by the wreckage 
 left behind, the high-tide mark of the first waves 
 of the invaders under Von Kluck. Meaux was like 
 a city beset with the plague. Everything was or- 
 derly and beautiful, even the gardens looked well 
 cared for, curtains were drawn, but little damage 
 was done; yet not a soul stirred. Within the car 
 all was quiet. The long ride in cramped quarters 
 without possibility of sleep or a good meal and the 
 reaction after our disappointment made many try 
 once more to accomplish the impossible by making 
 themselves really comfortable. 
 
 Late that night we piled out sleepily at Lizy sur 
 Ourcq. Here we had to unload ammunition and 
 rations and prepare for the long hike up to the 
 front. A little after midnight we started off on what 
 what was to be one of the most severe ordeals of 
 our experience. I had read of men falling asleep 
 while making a forced march, but I could not quite
 
 LIEUT. WILLIAM B. CORBETT
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 7 
 
 see how it could be done. That morning after 
 stumbling blindly along an endless, reeling road 
 until my eyes refused to remain open, I had my 
 first acquaintance with sleep-walking. By day- 
 light our road had brought us to several small 
 towns uninhabited but apparently undamaged. Dur- 
 ing the night we had heard no firing and had met 
 with none of the characteristics of a well-defended 
 active front. At last we came to a small collection 
 of houses where some marines were moving about, 
 getting mess. A httle farther on, the exhausted 
 company came to a halt near a small wood oppo- 
 site a chateau. We remained here a few days and 
 then once more, joined by the rest of the battalion, 
 resumed our march to the front. As usual, a great 
 deal of good-natured bantering took place between 
 the outfits. After a fairly short hike we arrived 
 at our new quarters in the woods on the right of 
 the Paris-Metz road. 
 
 We were on historic ground. Near here in 451 
 the Huns under Attila had been beaten by Theod- 
 oric in the first battle of the Marne. After them 
 came Spanish and English invaders, and in 18 14 
 Napoleon defeated the Russo-Prussian forces. In 
 June 19 1 8 American troops of the Second Division 
 had been rushed in trucks from Verdun to help 
 stop the advance of the modern Huns. They took 
 their place in the line but were advised by the 
 French command to fall back. "Fall back!" said 
 General Bundy, " My men would not understand 
 such an order. We'll fight!" The French fell back
 
 8 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 through the gaps in the American hnes. Bundy 
 was left alone to fight it out without artillery in 
 position as yet to support him. He was forced to 
 thin out his hnes to cover enough of his front to 
 prevent his being flanked. Reserves? He had none. 
 What happened at Belleau Woods is now well known, 
 although credit is often concentrated entirely upon 
 one branch of the service. The casualties among the 
 marines, engineers, and infantry were in some com- 
 panies sixty per cent of their strength, but although 
 terribly weakened, all fought with such unequalled 
 valor that the hne was not only held, but was ac- 
 tually advanced. Such was the state of aff"airs when 
 we took over the sector. Our first duty was a sad 
 one. Owing to the nature of the front it had been 
 almost impossible to bury the vast numbers of dead, 
 but now the conditions were so unsanitary that the 
 major considered it expedient to send one company 
 out on a burying party. Every marine found lay 
 with his face to the enemy, and almost always 
 surrounded by a number of Boches which he had 
 accounted for. The Americans had kept their trust. 
 Now, we wondered, what was the next chapter in 
 the history of Chateau-Thierry going to be? 
 
 Our quarters in the Bois de Gros Jean were rustic 
 in the extreme. Security depended upon our avoid- 
 ing detection. No one was allowed to leave the 
 woods in dayhght or even to strike a fight at night. 
 When we first arrived, the quarters provided for 
 us were nothing but shallow holes and some im- 
 provised dugouts. Immediately ambitious archi-
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 9 
 
 tects set about making improvements. The shelf 
 slits were deepened, built up by sand bags, and 
 covered or protected in other ways to the extent 
 necessary to insure comfort and peace of mind to 
 the individual occupant. Apparently there was a 
 variety of standards. Some industrious and cau- 
 tious fellows dug themselves in so securely that 
 their positions might well have endured a bombard- 
 ment. My companion, another sergeant of the same 
 platoon, and I decided that fresh air and comfort 
 should be the principle upon which our P.C. was 
 going to be constructed. We found a place in a 
 highly desirable neighborhood inhabited by most of 
 the other members of our platoon. It had a slight 
 covering of straw, some empty sand bags, and a 
 small hole near by, which we cleaned of cans and 
 debris, to be used in case of fire. We collected all 
 the straw carefully, loosened and leveled the ground 
 beneath, put down the straw where it would do the 
 most good, and covered it with a burlap mattress 
 of empty sand bags sewn together with string. 
 Then we united our shelter halves and erected upon 
 this luxurious foundation a pup-tent supported by a 
 tent pole in the rear and by a sapling in front. 
 Our bed clothing consisted of one thin blanket 
 apiece, and although it was July and the days were 
 hot, we felt the cold keenly at night. We dug a 
 drainage ditch around the tent to prevent the rain 
 from coming in through the sides, and furnished 
 our yard with a rustic bench and table made from 
 sapling boughs lashed together with wire. Thus 
 equipped, our home now was quite comfortable.
 
 10 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Work was to be done. There were no real 
 trenches here, no support positions, no secondary 
 defences, and almost no wire. What a contrast to 
 the Toul front! Our battalion was now attached to 
 the 51st Brigade and was instructed to strengthen 
 our position. One night, just at dark, we left 
 our woods and moved 'cross country towards the 
 front. We passed batteries in the woods, so skil- 
 fully concealed that only the flash when firing dis- 
 closed their whereabouts to us. Shell holes, fresh 
 ones, too, spotted our path. Leaving the path we 
 entered the Ravine Gobert, a winding boyau which 
 was rightly nicknamed "Death Valley." The ra- 
 vine was irregular, rocky, full of projecting roots 
 and snags; progress in it in utter darkness, laden 
 down as we were with equipment, was nothing 
 but a succession of bumps. You came to a curve 
 you could not see, struck the opposite wall, groped 
 around for the opening, bumped into the man 
 ahead, who had stopped, and were bumped into by 
 the man behind, who had not. It is a rule of some 
 unknown force that no matter how slowly the head 
 of a company may go, the rear end must always 
 race to keep up. The man leading the company had 
 to stop frequently to get his bearings, so the pro- 
 cession became a series of sudden and violent halts 
 followed by frantic dashes on the part of the end 
 of the company. We passed by a dressing station, 
 got jammed up in a narrow space, and did not know 
 which way to turn. An excited medical orderly 
 called out that that was one of the most unhealthy
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR ii 
 
 spots around, as it was shelled every few minutes. 
 We had just moved on when we heard several shells 
 come over after that dressing station. The gloomy, 
 broken outhne of a deserted town rose up before 
 us. It was Lucy le Bocage, a target for the German 
 gunners, and a place to be avoided. Just beyond 
 the town we found our position. The whole trench 
 system had been traced out, the fire-bays dug to 
 a depth of two or three feet and covered with straw 
 so that they would not show on photographs taken 
 from airplanes. The men were put in position 
 and the traverses were dug connectmg the fire-bays 
 so as to make it a continuous system. A heavy 
 fire passed just over our heads into Lucy but our 
 position was not molested. The work was not 
 finished that night, so it was necessary for us to 
 return the following night. 
 
 The new work was promptly detected by the 
 German observers, who had the artillery register 
 on it. We had just got the men placed and started 
 to work. Lucy was again receiving attentions from 
 Fritz, and I was walking around in back of the 
 trench looking things over when I heard a sharp 
 report of a German gun that was not pointed at 
 Lucy. Much practice diving into the Park Street 
 subway enabled me to get under cover as a 155 hit 
 that particular part of the ground just outside 
 the trench where I had been standing. It hit soft 
 earth and failed to explode. The next one was even 
 closer, but was Hkewise a "dud." The third was a 
 perfect specimen of hate, however, which exploded
 
 12 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 perfectly, showering us with dirt and fragments. On 
 they came, so close that it seemed they must hit 
 someone; but when the firing stopped, no damage 
 had been done except to the trench. We got the 
 order to move out and work somewhere else where 
 no labor trouble was expected. On the way out, 
 after ascertaining that no harm had been done, I 
 jumped into the trench again ahead of the platoon. 
 I turned the corner of a traverse, kicked some big 
 hard object lying in the bottom of the trench and 
 fell flat. Picking oneself up after such a mishap 
 is not an easy task when laden down with a rifle, 
 1 60 rounds of ammunition, and a pick and shovel, 
 so I had occasion to address some remarks to the 
 object which had caused my fall. Investigation 
 showed that it was a huge "dud" that had struck 
 the parapet and fallen right into the trench. I 
 tip-toed around the corner and warned the man 
 behind me, who promptly fell over it, made almost 
 the same remarks I did, and likewise informed the 
 man behind him. The precedent having once been 
 established, the entire platoon was unanimous in 
 adopting this method of procedure. That night 
 passed, happily without any further excitement, so 
 we had time to watch the front for a few moments 
 while leaning on our picks and shovels. It seemed 
 a surprisingly great distance away. Flares shot up 
 and burst into a blaze of light which showed the 
 scarred landscape. An occasional machine gun 
 sputtered, trench mortars rumbled distantly, and 
 the batteries took turns in exchanging compliments 
 with one another. It was quiet, suspiciously quiet.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 13 
 
 The next night the work was similarly outlined, 
 but our good fortune had left us. Such luck as 
 had been ours could not continue. While in the 
 ravine, just as we were getting our tools, we were 
 fired upon. Our platoon was hit, the platoon ser- 
 geant, the senior corporal, and several other fine 
 fellows were killed, and a few more wounded. Night 
 after night we met with Hke misfortune. The tents 
 in the woods were thinning out. It was a pitifully 
 small platoon that fell in at dark to have identi- 
 fication tags and gas masks inspected prior to going 
 out. Casualties did not seem to have any effect 
 upon the morale, however. It was not the hardships 
 (we got one hot meal at noon, coffee when we came 
 in at dayhght, and one canteen of water a day), 
 nor the danger, although we were losing men every 
 night, but the fact that we couldn't do anything 
 about it that bothered the men. We wanted a 
 chance to furnish some of the fireworks ourselves. 
 
 Imagine, then, our dehght when on the night 
 of the 15th we received word that Fritz was coming 
 over and we were going to hold a position in reserve. 
 We took down our tents cheerfully and rolled our 
 packs. The very air seemed charged with expec- 
 tant excitement. Wagons, trucks, and caissons 
 filled the road while we were waiting for the cover of 
 darkness. At last we started off. Shrapnel was 
 bursting in the air ahead, while towards the front 
 we could see flares shooting up nervously and fights 
 for the guidance of air craft were cfimbing up, 
 going out, unfike the flares, at their greatest height
 
 14 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 from the ground. Heavy shelling had been going 
 on, high explosives mixed generously with gas. 
 The wet grain was reeking with the offensive fumes 
 of mustard gas. We passed along the path in single 
 file towards our position. Suddenly there came 
 from ahead the cry of "Gas!" I turned round, 
 shouted back the warning to the next platoon, 
 knocked off my helmet, slipped my rifle-sHng more 
 securely over my shoulder, fished out my mask, and 
 wormed into it. Now if I could find my helmet 
 — where the deuce had the blamed thing rolled to? 
 I felt around on my hands and knees, but I could 
 not find it. There was only one thing to do, so 
 I pulled off my mask, took a good whiff of air which 
 was sHghtly tainted by gas, and recovered my 
 helmet. As the gas was only shght we removed 
 the face-piece of the mask and breathed through the 
 mouthpiece, thus making it easier to see where we 
 were going. Our position was just off the Ravine 
 Gobert, already traced out with tape and with the 
 sod removed in places. Picks and shovels were to 
 be brought up to us over the road, but the tool- 
 wagon had been either blown up or otherwise de- 
 layed, so we had to send back for tools and in the 
 meantime we started to dig ourselves in with our 
 bayonets and mess kit covers. The men had just 
 been placed, and I was going over the line, making 
 more or less humorous remarks reminiscent of days 
 spent digging in the sand at Nantasket, when the 
 situation suddenly became no joking matter. All 
 along the ravine came the sounds of heavy shells
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 15 
 
 exploding, the sharp reports of bursting gas shells, 
 and a nasty, snapping bark of a small calibre shell 
 of high velocity. The fire was getting closer; they 
 were following up the ravine. We started now to 
 dig in real earnest and made the dirt fly even with 
 nothing more than a bayonet and our bare hands. 
 Now the shells were landing right among us. I 
 had no place to get into but I contrived to squeeze in 
 front of one of the fellows and Hke an ostrich, leav- 
 ing my body fully exposed, I endeavored to throw 
 up a bit of protection in front of my head. The 
 position was so badly exposed that we were unable 
 to cross over to the other side of the ravine without 
 passing right through the thick of the shelling; 
 we could not draw back because they were firing 
 on the batteries just behind us, and the shells were 
 dropping right among us. Nantasket was never 
 like this. Shells were dropping so close that their 
 flame was almost blinding when they burst, and 
 fragments thudded into the ground beside me. 
 Every few moments, after an especially close one, 
 my neighbor would politely inquire as to the state 
 of my health. After a while it seemed as if his 
 solicitude changed to disappointment after repeated 
 assurances that I was all right. Things were not all 
 right just across the shallow traverse. The last 
 shell had burst right inside the httle trench. Before 
 the flash of its explosion had faded away, a dark 
 form rose from the ground and fell prostrate. I 
 was reluctant about exposing myself at first, so I 
 merely called over, asking if everything were all
 
 i6 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 right. The answer came "No! Somebody's hit." 
 Jumping up, I found that about a dozen fellows 
 hearing that answer had run over to offer aid. The 
 men were in the next platoon, however, whose ser- 
 gent assisted by volunteers succeeded in getting 
 them to a dressing station, but unfortunately too 
 late. The gas was now terribly thick and the shell- 
 ing had become a continuous bombardment. After 
 some time, when it seemed as if we could stand it 
 no longer, one of the men discovered that the other 
 platoons had withdrawn and we were alone. The 
 casualties had occured just to our left and the pla- 
 toon on our right had been sent off for picks and 
 shovels. An order could not have been heard un- 
 less relayed. It was up to me to suggest something. 
 I passed the word along to cross the ravine and meet 
 in the wheat field on the enemy side and started 
 off. A shell came over — everybody "hit the dirt" 
 quick but was off again. By a series of short rushes 
 we gained a place of safety and rounded up most of 
 the men. The use of the gas signified that the attack 
 was not going to be made through our position, 
 so we had nothing to do but collect our equipment 
 and go back to the woods. 
 
 The affair had been a disastrous failure. Instead 
 of getting a chance to fight the Boches, it was the 
 same old story, — more casualties without even a 
 possibility of firing a shot in return. The next day 
 was spent in airing blankets and equipment which 
 had been saturated with gas. That night we did 
 some easy work over on General Cole's headquarters.
 
 LIEUT. FRANK P. KELLEY
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 17 
 
 In the morning I heard myself being paged by the 
 first sergeant. He told me to go over and see the 
 captain with the other sergeant. I dressed hastily, 
 called my bunkie, who refused to get up and in 
 disgust turned to go, leaving him still "in bed." 
 However, as soon as I started, I found him at my 
 side in an equal degree of attire. 
 
 The captain was the only one present who 
 looked at all respectable, and he beamed a cheery 
 "good-morning" to us as we drew up to his table 
 around a big map. There were six dirty, unshaven, 
 sleepy, red-eyed sergeants, "the top," and the cap- 
 tain present. He told us that the company had 
 been called upon to furnish a detail of two second 
 lieutenants, six sergeants, twelve corporals, and fifty 
 men. We got out our lists and tried to scrape up 
 out of a company that had left home 250 strong, 
 fifty men fit for duty and we could not get them. 
 Our platoon had only two sergeants, no corporals, 
 and about a dozen men. After the Hsts had been 
 made out, we notified the efigibles and were im- 
 mediately the center of a fusilade of questions. 
 Yes, it looked Hke the real thing this time. The 
 demohtion men were put to work making up thirty 
 pound bombs of TNT. Everything pointed to 
 a raid. 
 
 That night we had the heaviest rain and elec- 
 trical storm I have ever seen. About nine o'clock, 
 with our bombs and 220 rounds of ammunition, 
 wire cutters, and fight packs with full emergency 
 rations, we piled into waiting trucks. It was so
 
 i8 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 dark it was almost impossible to see the road. A 
 man with a luminous wrist watch stayed at the 
 back of our truck, so that the driver of the truck 
 behind could see when we stopped. It was a wild 
 ride over the road, and everybody felt relieved when 
 we finally came to a halt and piled out. We formed 
 on the road in single file, each keeping a hand on 
 the pack of the man in front so as to keep together 
 in the dark. A coil of emergency wire, reaching 
 from a man's shoulder to his ankles, was given to 
 every man who was not carrying a bomb. As we 
 started the march, many speculations were made as 
 to the nature of our project. I was appealed to for 
 my opinion and said that I thought we were going 
 up to the lines, and that after a few drills in the 
 woods, we might stage a raid. The lieutenant, who 
 was just behind me, told me quietly that such was 
 not the case, but we were going to make an attack, 
 and told me the time zero was and our objective. 
 Now I had something pleasant to think about. 
 We hiked wearily over the road and came to the 
 woods where the other company left us after wishing 
 each other the best of luck. After a while we dis- 
 covered that we were almost lost and the other 
 Heutenant, who was leading the company, set off in 
 search of a guide or runner. We threw ourselves 
 wearily on the ground and waited. Other troops 
 were coming up now, and it was obvious that we 
 were going over. At last the lieutenant returned 
 with a runner and we set off for the lines again. 
 We passed along through woods with slippery foot-
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 19 
 
 ing until we came to a slight clearing where there 
 were some small dugouts. Just beyond was the 
 front line. It was almost daylight, the barbed wire 
 stood out grim and somber against the gray mist of 
 dawn, the air was stiff and heavy with the taint of 
 human carrion. I looked at my watch. Just 3:30. 
 In five more minutes — ! We got the order to move 
 forward and form in the valley just below, where we 
 loaded our rifles, fixed bayonets, and waited while 
 the first sanguine rays of light crept over the hill 
 beyond. 
 
 Suddenly the hills behind us opened up with 
 a leaden interference that was to open up a hole 
 in the German line for us to slip through. As that 
 rain of metal left our batteries we too started over. 
 The air was filled with things that whined and 
 buzzed. Beyond, in the mist we could see the 
 smoke of the bursting shells from our artillery and 
 the stark outline of a ruined village held by the Ger- 
 mans. We were the extreme left of the first wave. 
 On our right we could see the lines of olive drab 
 advancing as orderly as if on a drill field. Enemy 
 batteries had opened up but our own artillery soon 
 silenced the most bothersome. The German ma- 
 chine gunners were active if not accurate. Solid 
 streams of lead droned overhead like swarms of 
 bees. A high ridge was just ahead, beyond which 
 was a short open space which seemed to be pretty 
 well covered by machine gun fire. We bent low 
 and sprinted for it. The fellow in back of me was 
 severely wounded in the head. We were now right
 
 20 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 down upon the first Boche outposts and patrols. 
 These were promptly desposed of and surrendered 
 eagerly. Among the first prisoners was a Red Cross 
 man who fixed up the wounded man's head so skil- 
 fully that he finally recovered. The ground we 
 were crossing was an open wheat field with the grain 
 almost waist high. All around us, frightened figures 
 in field gray sprang from the ground, threw away 
 the rifles with which they had just been shooting 
 at us, and signified surrender in the approved German 
 manner. There was only a Httle wire to be crossed 
 and that gave us no bother. The method of advance 
 was to follow up our barrage in columns of single 
 file which stopped and deployed when united re- 
 sistance was expected. Several times we halted and 
 started to dig ourselves in, expecting determined 
 opposition, but each time we pushed steadily on 
 again. At last our men were in contact with 
 the town. Strong obstacles and chevaux-de-frise 
 had been provided by the enemy, but they had no 
 time to secure them in position; so our entrance, 
 while cautious, was not strongly disputed. We 
 explored the streets and searched the buildings for 
 opposing Boches but we found most of them anxious 
 to surrender. In no time the httle square was 
 filled with prisoners and captured weapons. The 
 buildings showed that their German occupants had 
 withdrawn in a hurry, leaving mess on the table 
 untasted. Most of the houses were tumble-down 
 ruins, but the church was the worst of all. It was 
 absolutely pulverized. By this time we had reached 
 our objective.
 
 GORDON DENTON
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 21 
 
 The German fire was now increasing propor- 
 tionately as ours was decreasing. With my bunkie 
 I took up a post in a huge shell hole, with water 
 at the bottom, that was in the very farthest part 
 of our hne. A sniper with an automatic rifle took 
 hberties with my back when I left the shell hole 
 to get some barbed wire at the order of a heutenant. 
 Our job was to put up wire across an open road 
 near our shell hole, which, with four other men, we 
 succeeded in doing in spite of the snipers. After 
 that the httle group went back to the square to 
 await the return of the officer. Several prisoners 
 were massed here, with only one guard over them, 
 waiting to go back to the rear. There were plenty 
 of rifles lying there, but the Germans had no thought 
 of further opposition. The prisoners and their lone 
 guard moved off". Airplanes were flying in great 
 numbers overhead, giving splendid cooperation to 
 both infantry and artillery. 
 
 It was now broad daylight, and we were glad of 
 this chance to rest. We leaned back against the 
 wall and got ready to wait, when our peace of mind 
 was disturbed by a vicious report right over the 
 square. It was only a smoke bomb, to give range 
 to the artillery, but it was bound to be followed by 
 high explosives. Wounded men were passing through 
 looking for a dressing station, some dazed and bleed- 
 ing, others were carried or supported by comrades 
 who were only shghtly wounded. There was an- 
 other rush of air and another shell burst over- 
 head. More came, and so close that the fragments
 
 22 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 passed between the man next to me and the wall. 
 It was time to move. We had just left our position 
 when the wall was hit directly. Again we were 
 forced to move, and again we moved just in time. 
 We later, having no more work to do, took shelter 
 in an old cellar. It was now noon, and we were 
 hungry, thirsty, and very tired and sleepy. The 
 cellar was on the enemy side of the line taken up 
 by our infantry just outside the town. All day 
 a terrific fire was kept up by the German batteries. 
 We tried to get a Httle rest before they could 
 make a counter attack. Others joined us and soon 
 our little shelter was full. The heavy fire on the 
 open lines behind the town was discouragingly effec- 
 tive. In the early evening we heard distant machine 
 gun firing and saw on the left the gallant advance 
 of our French allies. A counter attack was now 
 impossible. The victory had been won; as decisive 
 was this last battle of Chateau-Thierry as had been 
 the first. The Yankee Division had lived up to the 
 glorious tradition of Theodoric, Napoleon, and Bundy 
 even if it did not parade in Paris.
 
 SUBTERRANEAN FLAPJACKS
 
 SUBTERRANEAN FLAPJACKS 
 
 JOHN HAYES, 'i6 
 loist Injantry 
 
 WHILE Stationed in the Toul sector on ob- 
 servation duty we occasionally made flap- 
 jacks, partly to pass the time away, but 
 mainly to enjoy eating them. We were only on 
 duty during the day, so that there wasn't much 
 for us to do at night. At this time there were 
 only four of us in one dugout. We had an ingen- 
 ious contrivance in the dugout; somebody called 
 it a stove. The main body was made from an old 
 petrol can with a hole cut in top to put the wood 
 in, and another in the front near the bottom to 
 remove the ashes from. This was set on a couple of 
 stones to protect the floor. An unnecessary pre- 
 caution, however. The floor was watersoaked and 
 we had to pump the water out of the dugout to 
 keep from floating out. For a chimney we used a 
 number of empty Karo cans with the ends removed. 
 These were fitted over each other and extended out 
 into the trench where they were camouflaged. 
 Wood was procured either from the cook shack or 
 some old abandoned dugout. Of course the stove 
 could be used only at night because Jerry would 
 
 25
 
 26 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 spot us if it were used in the day time and probably 
 make it hot enough for us without a fire. 
 
 In order to make flapjacks we first had to beg, 
 borrow, or steal some flour, sugar, and baking pow- 
 der from the cook shacks. These ingredients with 
 a little salt were mixed in an old can; cold coffee 
 instead of water answered our purpose, for none 
 of us felt like walking a couple of miles to get any 
 water fit to drink. The cover of a mess kit with 
 a pair of pHers for a handle was our spider. We 
 often used bacon rinds or lard and sometimes when 
 more fortunate we used oleo, otherwise known as 
 grease, to fry the batter in. 
 
 One night while frying a batter of this mixture 
 the gas alarm was sounded, and we had to put our 
 masks on. After putting on his mask the corporal 
 continued frying the cakes. The grease caught 
 fire and it was funny to see him trying to blow it 
 out. An impossibility with an English gas mask on, 
 as anyone knows who ever saw one or had one on. 
 In conclusion I'll say that these pancakes tasted 
 better than any that Child's chefs turn out.
 
 NAVAL CAMP EXPERIENCES
 
 NAVAL CAMP EXPERIENCES 
 
 C. GORDON MACKAY, '15 
 
 JULY 2, 19 1 8 found about 250 civilians, myself 
 included, shuffling along in the dust and tramp- 
 ing down a long winding road of Hingham, 
 Mass., to one of Josephus Daniels' navy camps 
 
 — the United States Training Camp at Hingham 
 
 — there to learn the dehcate art of how to be- 
 come a "gob." 
 
 Upon arriving in camp, we were sent to the 
 "small stores," at which place we were given a 
 large snowy-white sea-bag, which, at the first glance, 
 gave one the impression it would hold nearly every- 
 thing in the whole camp. However, after I had 
 shoved into it everything from soap to blankets, 
 the bag was soon full and overflowing. 
 
 Arriving at our assigned barracks, we "set to" 
 trying on each and every piece of wearing apparel; 
 and, between "swapping" with this mate and that, 
 and exchanging the balance of misfits at the "smafl 
 stores," we soon began to look ship-shape on our 
 first day. "Civics" were either tied up in bundles 
 and sent home, or else thrown away. The next 
 day found us stenciling every piece of clothing and 
 afl supphes capable of having our name stamped 
 
 29
 
 30 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 on it. Black paint was used for white articles, and 
 white paint for black. Socks, shoe brushes, and even 
 handkerchiefs were not immune from this attack. 
 
 Scarcely had we arrived at the barracks when we 
 were given the various parts and pieces of our new 
 "bunk" — the swinging hammock. With the aid 
 of some of the "old timers" with three or four 
 "hitches," we soon had our hammocks tied up and 
 lashed properly with the famous seven winds, a 
 feat which we found rather difficult at first, owing 
 to the newness of the rope. Even six times around 
 the hammock seemed almost an impossible task for 
 us "landlubbers" on our first few attempts. 
 
 "Chows," while they could scarcely be compared 
 with "what Ma used to make" or with a la Waldorf, 
 were — in the judgment of the majority of the 
 fellows — quite passable during our sojourn in camp. 
 To be sure, there was not any too large a variety of 
 food during a single meal. However, what we did 
 receive was wholesome, clean, and plentiful, i.e., if 
 you saw to it that you were "in the swim." This 
 meant that every "gob" had to see that he got ail 
 (ye-ah, and perhaps even more) that was allotted 
 to him. One favorite plan of the "wiseacres" 
 was to keep walking down the aisle of tables, and 
 upon arriving at a heaping plate of food, "squat." 
 Although we saw neither milk nor sugar on the 
 table, we soon became used to its scarcity, coming 
 in for "chow" after a rather hard and tiresome 
 day's work. We were then glad to get almost any- 
 thing at all. Many were the men who wondered
 
 WILLIAM HESFORD
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 31 
 
 how they were going to eat porridge in the morning 
 without milk or sugar, but after a stiff set of Swedish 
 exerises, they were only too glad to eat the menu 
 for the first "chow" of the day. 
 
 Sleeping in our "bunks" was a new and rather 
 interesting experience, especially so the first night. 
 One arrived in his hammock via the beam method, 
 which consisted in puIHng oneself up after catching 
 hold of one of the long beams running widthwise of 
 the barracks, and then dropping in — or out, if one 
 were that fortunate. It was in this feat that the 
 six-foot-two had the advantage over his smaller mate 
 who had to climb into his hammock with the aid of 
 the window sill — ye-ah, that's the way I did it. 
 
 The first night found us "piping down" at 9:30 
 o'clock, scarcely venturing to move an inch, fearing 
 that such a move would end in going overboard 
 and landing on the deck six feet below. As a matter 
 of fact, one man did find out, much to his sorrow, that 
 the floor was not the softest spot he could possibly 
 strike. It might be added, too, that, before turning 
 in for the night, it was to the advantage of each 
 man to see that his hammock swung as evenly as 
 he was able to make it swing. However, after two 
 or three nights' experience, practically every man 
 felt quite at home in his new bunk, one fellow even 
 venturing to state that sleeping on a picket fence 
 would not be such a difficult task. At 5:30 a.m. we 
 were awakened by the bugler blowing reveille. 
 'Twas then we made the seven winds, and stowed 
 our hammocks overhead.
 
 32 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Our first duty, after dressing, was to clean the 
 barracks inside and out. After this, followed "swab- 
 bing down the decks," each man having a certain 
 portion to do. 
 
 Scrubbing our own clothes proved to be one of 
 the most difficult jobs. Then we learned just why 
 the "ki-i" brush was given to us on our arrival 
 the first day. Scrubbing the dirt out of our sea-bags 
 and hammocks, and pounding, squeezing, and rub- 
 bing the coal dust out of a formerly snowy white 
 suit of "whites," after spending five days coaling 
 ship, soon made us experienced and efficient help 
 for Lewandos or any other home laundry. 
 
 "Mess striking," although it enables a man to 
 get the cream of the "chow" during his time as a 
 mess striker, was not the most enviable work a 
 man could wish for. For, between clearing and 
 cleaning the dishes, peeHng "spuds," and assisting 
 in the preparation of the food, every man was feel- 
 ing and looking quite greasy in no time — which 
 meant more scrubbing the next day. 
 
 Shaving with cold water was also enjoyed by 
 all — ye-ah, just like the innoculations. 
 
 Every man stood guard at least one day and 
 night during his stay in camp. He went on at 
 ten o'clock one morning, and remained on duty 
 until the same time the next day, doing "four on" 
 and "four off" as a rule. Provided the weather 
 was clear, this job was not so difficult or uninterest- 
 ing, even though it did keep one up during a great 
 part of the night.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 33 
 
 The clothes line, we found, had certain hours 
 for going up and coming down. If one desired 
 either to put wet clothes on the line or to take dry 
 things off, he had to be at the line at the time set 
 for it to go up or come down. Some sailors found 
 out, much to their misfortune, that dry clothes 
 could not remain on the line at the time it was sched- 
 uled to go up again; for just previous to that time, 
 the master-at-arms came along, feeling for all dry 
 cloths still hanging on the Hne, and such cloths 
 were confiscated and thrown into the "lucky bag." 
 As a rule, they were never seen by the owner again. 
 
 Before leaving camp we had our finger prints 
 taken for our identification tags, which were often 
 affectionately called "dog collars" or "German hunt- 
 ing licenses. " On one side of these tags was the finger- 
 print of the right index finger. On the reverse side 
 was the name of the man, the date of his birth, the 
 date of His enlistment, and the letters U.S.N, or 
 U.S.N. R.F., according to the branch of the Navy 
 in which the man was serving. 
 
 "Working parties" came to all barracks at cer- 
 tain intervals, at which time it was the duty of the 
 men in the barracks selected to do all the necessary 
 repair and miscellaneous work about the camp. 
 Should there be no work (which rarely happened) the 
 men "higher up" had the humor to make work for 
 us in the "rock pile." Such work consisted in hav- 
 ing the men get shovels, picks, and dump carts, 
 after which they started off for a certain section of 
 the camp where a pile of rocks, many in number
 
 34 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 and large as rocks ordinarily seen, was located. 
 Then, piling, shoveling, heaving, and shoving these 
 rocks into dump-carts, we drove the teams of horses 
 to the other end of the camp, where the rocks were 
 unloaded. When one spot became clear, the same 
 rocks were re-loaded into the carts and carried back 
 to their original resting place. Raking the parade 
 grounds, collecting odd stones around the campus, 
 and leveling off the corn humps on the drill field 
 constituted more profitable varieties of labor. 
 
 The sewing on of loose buttons gave us all a 
 bit of household experience. It didn't take fac- 
 tory-sewn buttons very long to come off, we found, 
 and as they were absolutely necessary for inspection, 
 as few of these as possible were lost. 
 
 With the possible exception of the last five days, 
 which were spent coaling ship, I am sure that all 
 the men who arrived at camp during the month 
 of July, 19 1 8, would be only too glad to do the whole 
 thing all over again, just for a summer's vacation.
 
 THE AIR SERVICE MECHANICS 
 SCHOOL, SAINT PAUL, MINN.
 
 THE AIR SERVICE MECHANICS 
 SCHOOL, SAINT PAUL, MINN. 
 
 H. A. PUBLICOVER 
 
 2nd Lieutenant, U- S. Army Air Service 
 
 THE Air Service Mechanics School as it existed 
 in fact, and in the process of immediate real- 
 ization, at the time of the signing of the Armis- 
 tice, was a natural evolution of the first crude efforts 
 to transform the artisan of industry into the semi- 
 scientist — the airplane mechanician. 
 
 After the flush of excitement, incidental to our 
 entry into the war, we, as a nation, took stock of 
 our resources and our needs as a belligerent; and, 
 foremost among these needs, we found airplanes. 
 While other nations had devoted themselves to this 
 branch, we had puttered along with a few nonde- 
 script planes which made occasional flights and 
 disastrous landings. 
 
 Impulsively we seized upon this fact, and count- 
 less millions made available and backed with the en- 
 gineering brains of a nation were rushed into the 
 solution of this problem. Under the impulse of this 
 mighty force, the actual production of airplanes was 
 soon under way. Then came the realization that the 
 airplane in itself was useless unless backed by an effi- 
 
 37
 
 38 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 cient comprehensive body of mechanics thoroughly 
 competent to keep in constant operation the vast 
 fleet of planes essential to success in battle. 
 
 When we reached this point in our preparations, 
 the unpleasant truth dawned upon us, that we did 
 not have such a body, nor any plan or place for 
 training this essential element of our army. A hasty 
 survey was made and any man whose trade test 
 card showed any former mechanical experience, was 
 rushed off to a trade school to receive a brief train- 
 ing in some branch essential to the upkeep of the 
 airplanes. 
 
 The next experiment was to send these embryo 
 mechanics to a flying field in the hope that they 
 might become experts thru actual experience on the 
 planes in daily use. This plan had its disadvantages 
 as the mistakes of the willing but untutored mechan- 
 ics were persistent and costly. These experiments 
 clearly pointed to the need of highly specialized army 
 trade schools wholly devoted to airplane upkeep. 
 
 In accordance with this plan a detachment of 
 men who were training at Dunwoody Institute at 
 Minneapolis were moved into the Overland Building 
 on February 15, 19 18 to form the nucleus of the first 
 and foremost Air Service School under Major 
 W. R. Weaver, former executive officer of Wilbur 
 Wright Field. 
 
 Detachments of men began to arrive and during 
 the month of March the strength of the Post grew to 
 several thousands. During this period three perma- 
 nent squadrons, 864th, 871st and 872nd depot repair
 
 RALPH R. McCORMACK
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 39 
 
 squadrons were formed. The various schools were 
 divided among the squadrons; 864th containing all 
 motor transport men; the men in miscellane- 
 ous trades, embracing carpenters, cabinet makers, 
 vulcanizers, electricians, coppersmiths, machinists, 
 metal workers; the men in Aero-Engine Courses 
 and Liberty Ignition were assigned to the 871st; 
 and airplane mechanics, fabric workers, and special- 
 ists to the 872nd. 
 
 As soldiers the men were directed by one set of 
 officers and as students by an entirely different set 
 under the supervision of the officer in charge of 
 training. 
 
 In the beginning the courses were of but one 
 month duration, but experience showed that the men 
 could not be brought up to the high standards of 
 army efficiency; so the courses were extended to 
 cover a three months period. As the work progressed 
 the need was found for new courses; and courses 
 in propeller making, instrument welding, and ma- 
 chine shop practice were added. As the departments 
 grew by leaps and bounds, standards were set which 
 soon eliminat'^d the inapt, who were transferred to 
 other arms of the service for which they were bet- 
 ter fitted, such as Infantry, Labor Regiments, and 
 Quartermasters Corps. Men who failed on three 
 weekly exams were subject to transfer to other 
 branches; but before being transferred, they had 
 two or three weeks time to do in the "Soldiers' 
 Paradise" — the Kitchen. 
 
 As the men progressed in the theoretical and
 
 40 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 practical shop work, they were offered an oppor- 
 tunity to test their knowledge upon planes used in 
 daily flight, as no man could be classed as a graduate 
 until he had demonstrated his ability for a prescribed 
 period at the Advance Training Field. The success- 
 ful flying at this field, free from all accidents, is a 
 tribute to the instructors who so thoroughly trained 
 their men that it was practical to keep a number 
 of ships in first class condition, all the time. 
 
 The schools were equipped wiith every modern 
 mechanical appliance, and some geniuses evolved 
 new methods and appliances for use in these courses. 
 
 When a student completed his course, he was 
 sent to a flying field to meet the incessant demand 
 for skilled mechanics. 
 
 As an example of the training methods and their 
 evolution, let me illustrate by giving in detail the 
 development of one important course, namely, 
 Aero Engines. 
 
 Instructions were started March 13, 19 18 when 
 a class of eighty men began the study of motors 
 with one Liberty Motor for equipment. In order to 
 manage this, the motor was disassembled and various 
 parts placed on eight benches with a civilian in- 
 structor at each bench. The class was divided and 
 the diff^erent groups studied each part in turn. 
 This only lasted about a week, for L. W. F. Suselages 
 began to arive and their engines were immediately 
 added to the Engine Department and worked into 
 service. Besides civilian instructors, the best men 
 among this first class were placed as instructors.
 
 JOSEPH J. CROWLEY
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 41 
 
 As time passed, the department steadily grew both 
 in regard to equipment and personnel. The regular 
 courses were four weeks and during this period the 
 men became famihar with the following engines; 
 Sturtevant, Thomas Curtis, and the Liberty, which 
 was then new both to instructors and students. 
 
 The course was extended to cover three months 
 and the capacity of the department was enlarged so 
 as to handle eight hundred men; manuals of in- 
 structions were started; these were the next big 
 changes. Three Massachusetts boys, Lieutenants 
 Walsh, Cleary, and Pubhcover were added to the 
 Administrative Staff of the Department and several 
 more instructors from other fields, together with in- 
 structors retained from the graduates, were ap- 
 pointed. The growth of the Department was such 
 that 400 men were under instruction in July and 
 one hundred graduates were awaiting shipment. 
 
 Rotary engines of several types as well as a few 
 Hispano-Suiza had been added and were used in the 
 course, as a result of which one hundred and fifty 
 Rotary engine experts were shipped near the end 
 of June. 
 
 In October the department started the training 
 of thirty instructors who were to estabhsh a branch 
 school at Selfridge Field, Mt. Clemens, Mich., on 
 the Hispano-Suiza engine. Instruction at this time 
 was being carried on almost entirely by enhsted men, 
 civilian instructors having gradually been eliminated 
 as fast as their services could be replaced. 
 
 Finally, with cessation of hostihties, orders were
 
 42 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 given to cease instruction and close up the de- 
 partment. 
 
 The development of this department from its 
 humble beginnings to the point where it was able to 
 handle one hundred thirty-six motors of every known 
 type, with a corps of highly speciaHzed instructors, 
 masters of each type of motor, is but typical of the 
 development which took place through the school.
 
 SNATCHES FROM THE LOG OF 
 A NAVAL RECRUIT
 
 SNATCHES FROM THE LOG OF 
 A NAVAL RECRUIT 
 
 GEORGE H. SALLAWAY, 191 2 
 
 Lieut. U-g-) (P-C.) U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 MY job during the war was to take care of 
 the needs of the good ship U.S.S. Alloway. 
 That was not a small order, yet it had many 
 pleasant experiences included in it. The most un- 
 usual of these was my journey to and the stop- 
 overs at the different ports of the west coast of 
 South America. 
 
 Twenty days after leaving San Francisco, we 
 sighted land off the coast of Ecuador. The Andes 
 rise sheer out of the ocean at this point to tremen- 
 dous heights. As we plied southward, this remarkable 
 scenic display, gradually unfolded from a distance, 
 produced deep impressions of awe and wonderment. 
 So immense is the scale on which Nature works in 
 these regions, that only from a distance can one in 
 any degree comprehend the relation of the several 
 parts to the stupendous whole. 
 
 The object of the voyage was to get a cargo of 
 nitrate salt, which was in great demand for muni- 
 tion production. Our loading point was Caleta 
 Buena (little good harbor). We dropped anchor 
 
 45
 
 46 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 within fifty yards of the shore. The cHfFs which 
 bordered the coast formed a natural horseshoe- 
 shaped shelter. The inlet was not very large, yet 
 while we were there Japanese, French, and English 
 vessels lay alongside. 
 
 An invitation was sent to the ship, offering the 
 hospitality of the Agua Santa headquarters to the 
 Captain and me. The Captain sent his regrets. 
 I don't think he fancied taking the hazardous trip 
 over the precipitous cliffs that towered above 
 our ship, but I was keen for the experience. 
 
 So many incidents of unusual interest were con- 
 centrated into those delightful thirty-six hours, 
 that time and space would not permit detailed 
 review. So I will just give you snatches of the 
 saHent features of this seventy-mile trip into the 
 interior of the narrow country of Chile. 
 
 This trip has done a great deal to broaden my 
 views and to make me realize that the sun does not 
 rise and set only in the U.S.A. Burton Holmes 
 would do well to take a trip on the tram and narrow 
 gauged railway that carries one into the heart of the 
 nitrate fields. The steep incline to the "alto" is a 
 sensation worth the entire trip down there. I cannot 
 adequately describe it but I treasure the spectacle 
 as I whizzed upward as though tagged thru to 
 heaven. For two hours, after reaching the "alto," 
 I gazed at a tremendous scenic expanse, which held 
 me spell-bound as we chugged along the lofty ridges. 
 The wealth of minerals present in the distorted 
 strata, made a kaleidoscope of color. There was
 
 ANGUS A. CAMERON
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 47 
 
 not a spear of vegetation visible, nor a trace of life. 
 On arriving at the "alto," which was the httle sta- 
 tion, at the top of the cliff, I thought I was through 
 with climbing, but instead I was surprised to find 
 myself surrounded with lofty peaks of easily twice 
 the height again. 
 
 After several stop-overs I finally reached the 
 "Oficina." This is synonymous with "headquar- 
 ters." For several miles, before reaching the settle- 
 ment, laborers were in evidence working the "caliche" 
 (nitrate). Three hundred feet from the " ferrocarril" 
 an explosion happened just as we were passing. The 
 method of working the nitrate is by blasting. It is 
 as spectacular as depth bombs, and incidentally 
 there may be more connection between between the 
 two phenomena than a literal simile would suggest. 
 
 On arrival I was very cordially received into the 
 Humberstone household. Everything bespoke com- 
 fort, refinement, and especially sincere hospitahty. 
 English customs were evident and each member of 
 the family circle proved delightfully pleasant and 
 kind. 
 
 On the afternoon of arrival, we followed the re- 
 fining process of the nitrate step by step at the main 
 plant and, before breakfast on the following fore- 
 noon, visited the "Irene" oficina about four miles 
 distant. Many points of scientific significance were 
 disclosed, which to refer to would carry me far 
 off the track. Yet these formed the nucleus and 
 value of these intensely interesting trips. 
 
 Knowing the natural advantages under which
 
 48 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 our industries in the United States flourish, having 
 all contributing appliances readily available, assisted 
 by communication, with specialized scientific schools 
 to consult and from which to draw capable subor- 
 dinates, my complacence as to their success was 
 tempered somewhat by the examples of grit and 
 energy evidenced in every department of the nitrate 
 manufacture. 
 
 Despite the handicap of isolation, the oficina 
 proved marvelously self-sufficient, modern in equip- 
 ment, construction, and scientific arrangement and 
 management. The growth of the industry had 
 caused the headquarters to be expanded by patch- 
 work; notwithstanding, it forms a smooth-running, 
 effort-conserving plant of considerable capacity. 
 The genius of the managers is shown clearly by the 
 model modern oficina, "Irene," recently constructed, 
 adjacent to the famous "Agua Santa." Methods, 
 which are considered ultra-modern, are developed 
 even to a point beyond what are found in American 
 industrial plants, yet are casually and modestly 
 referred to. Cooperative food distribution, model 
 homes, and musical and social clubs, together 
 with many other sincere efforts to promote the 
 welfare of the nitrate workers are part of the 
 conduct of the administration of this interesting 
 community and corporation. The plant itself is 
 replete with time- and labor-saving devices, having 
 in operation the best methods of gravity and 
 belt conveyors, mechanically adjusted levers, etc. 
 The iodine refining plant is a separate unit and
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 49 
 
 is so arranged that the crude essence is started 
 at an elevation, and, by its own gravity, goes step 
 by step through the refining process, and finally 
 reaches the other end of the plant ready for export. 
 Many superior points of a technical nature were dis- 
 closed on my two visits to the plants, which would be, 
 I am sure, of far-reaching practical value to our 
 best-informed industrial engineers. Time went all 
 too quickly and at three o'clock all arrangements 
 had been made for me to meet the coach, on the 
 main hne, to Caleta Buena. The afternoon trip, 
 westward, was a most impressive scenic display. 
 The outlook could be considered constantly "bird's- 
 eye," for the roadbed maintains its lofty altitude 
 despite the steep and numerous ridges and ravines. 
 We arrived at the "alto" again all too soon. There 
 we changed for the tram cars and prepared for the 
 drop to the depths, dimly visible 2200 feet below. 
 The inchne has three stages. It consists of two 
 lines on which ascending and descending cars travel. 
 A brake controls the speed of the drum, the prin- 
 ciple of the line being, that a full car of nitrate, 
 descending, pulls up a car lightly laden with hay, 
 coal, oil, barley, etc. A kind of step was hitched 
 on the back of the car that was waiting for me and 
 there I took my stand. The brakeman retired to 
 the power house and set the ropes loose. Toboggans, 
 Elevated cars, roller coasters at home had in a small 
 measure prepared me for this sort of riding, but 
 I must confess that when I found myself leaning 
 alone forward, on my stomach, against the back of
 
 50 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 the car, taking a genuine bird's-eye view of little 
 Caleta Buena and the ocean beyond, I, involunta- 
 rily, gripped hard and sank into almost a kneeling 
 position. In a few seconds recovered, I began to en- 
 joy the sensation of rushing down through the air. 
 On reaching the bottom of the section the car was 
 level again. One third of the drop was over; my 
 feelings were mingled regret and relief. Down I 
 whizzed again, the whirr of wheels alone marking the 
 progress. On the second level, the car was shifted 
 again. This took a minute or two and it was all but 
 dusk as it literally shot over the cliff for the last 
 time. "Ouf!" I could not help ejaculating, for with 
 a 53° grade, it really looked as if the car and I were 
 going to take a header into the water, which I 
 could see glittering below me. A few moments 
 later, I was safely on sea level, back to the point 
 I had started from, laden with delightful experiences, 
 yet mighty glad to see my good ship's stately lines 
 silhouetted in the diminishing glow of twilight. 
 
 A few days later we steamed northward, well 
 laden with the precious ingredient of warfare and 
 first-hand impressions of this crude, unique, and 
 prosperous country.
 
 MORE OR LESS OFFICIAL
 
 MORE OR LESS OFFICIAL 
 
 WILLIAM M. SLATTERY, 'll 
 
 I WAS considerably to the Rear. Mine was a 
 more or less official capacity in our Southern 
 Port of Embarkation. I say more or less official 
 as I am shghtly confused on this point. It is pro- 
 bable however that I received more orders than I 
 gave, so we will, to expedite this narrative, decide 
 t hat my capacity was less official. A Port of Embark- 
 ation is in itself difficult to describe. I might even 
 declare that it beggars description. It is supposedly 
 divided into clearly defined spheres of action, de- 
 signed primarily to ensure efficient administration. 
 Any such result is forestalled, however, by subject- 
 ing these spheres to a bewildering process of addition, 
 subtraction, and multiphcation of duties. Being but 
 a passable mathematician, I have never solved the 
 problem. 
 
 During the winter of 191 7-18 our army and its 
 organization may be said to have been in their 
 infancy. To those of my readers who have reached 
 the infant stage (second generation) the following 
 comparison should prove especially illuminating. 
 You have observed the natural inabihty of the child 
 to grasp the things of everyday life beyond the eter- 
 
 53
 
 54 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 nal mystery of its ten pink toes, occasionally varied 
 with the probing exploration of its mouth with a ghs- 
 tening forefinger or thumb. True, you reahze that 
 its brain is slowly grasping things and reason is 
 developing, but its first smile of recognition is mar- 
 velous to you, and its first pronounced word is a 
 positive thunderbolt. So it was at the Port. We 
 started with nothing, and quickly, before our aston- 
 ished eyes, was reared a tremendous system and 
 organization of unbounded activity. 
 
 I can remember, back at the beginning, standing 
 out at the end of our lone pier awaiting the sight of 
 an unnamed, unknown transport that would push 
 its nose through the capes and on up the river to 
 dock. We did not know the capacity of her holds, 
 to what port in France she would proceed, nor what 
 material was most urgently required; and so the 
 cars that stood in closest proximity to the pier shed 
 were unloaded with an occasional especially desig- 
 nated car ordered "rush," via wire from Wash- 
 ington. It was usually wagon parts, trucks, canned 
 foods, ammunition, machinery, lumber, horses, 
 mules, and fodder. A typical instance of resultant 
 confusion may be of interest here. On a particu- 
 larly blustery day, finding time hanging heavily 
 while awaiting a ship, I took a personally conducted 
 tour of the waterfront in a spirit of exploration and 
 came soon to an old apparently deserted pier. The 
 door being slightly ajar, I squeezed in and was con- 
 fronted by thousands of tons of hay and oats, 
 stacked to the very roof. Pondering over this dis-
 
 
 LIEUT. JAMES R. MAHONEY
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR S5 
 
 CO very, it occured to me that the bustle of prep- 
 aration was threatening our horses with a barren 
 banquet, our mules with a lost luncheon, and so 
 forthwith I started back to trail the ownership of 
 my find. A day of investigation estabhshed its 
 owner as the U.S.A. and in due time it found its 
 way to the stomachs of our silent combatants in 
 France. 
 
 Gradually the speed of the transport service in- 
 creased and now we were never without ships on 
 either side of the three piers in operation. Our forces 
 abroad were increasing by leaps and bounds and the 
 difficulty soon was to get men to develop the or- 
 ganization within the Port. Constantly we averaged 
 eighteen hours on the job, and this amidst the diffi- 
 culties resulting from the abnormal freezing weather 
 of that winter. The possessor of a bad cold was 
 recognized as in tiptop condition, while he who 
 contracted pneumonia was merely indisposed. 
 
 A condition Hke this, however, could be but a 
 passing one and the addition of men soon regulated 
 the periods of duty. Enormous warehouses were 
 under construction and a system was perfected that 
 anticipated the arrival of a ship by placing, one day 
 previous to its arrival, the exact amount of cargo 
 the ship was known to hold by actual measurement, 
 in the order of its priority, upon the side of the dock, 
 at which the ship would tie up. There were actually 
 thousands of officers and men in this Port organi- 
 zation at the finish, covering every conceivable activ- 
 ity, and although the unloaded freight cars extended
 
 $6 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 back from the pier sheds through the government 
 yards to a distance of fifteen miles inland, confusion, 
 allowing for the magnitude of the operations, was 
 reduced to the minimum, and astounding quantities 
 of material, men, and animals were shipped daily. 
 A comparison that will perhaps place clearly before 
 you the amount of traffic we handled suggests 
 itself to me. In your imagination can you picture 
 the United States with its manifold war activities 
 as a gigantic double-spouted funnel? In the cup of 
 this funnel are all the factories and plants of the 
 country turning out materials of war for shipment 
 abroad, and herein also are the many camps where 
 our troops were concentrated and trained. The out- 
 lets for this material and these men were our two 
 Embarkation Ports and these, then, are the spouts 
 of our funnel. Through these poured an unending 
 stream, day and night, week in and week out, swell- 
 ing the tide of allied success to such proportions 
 that the Central Empires were soon inundated and 
 further resistance made useless. 
 
 The outstanding feature of all this activity to 
 me was the peculiar adaptability of the average 
 man and his ability to surmount the varied diflfi- 
 culties constantly confronting him. They had no 
 rule or precedent to govern or guide them, for they 
 were confronting a situation foreign to this country. 
 Largely without previous experience they applied 
 themselves to tasks that were of a magnitude never 
 attempted before. There was all about them, how- 
 ever, a spirit of grim determination that was infec-
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 57 
 
 tious. I watched with keenest appreciation this 
 spectacle of real American initiative and adapt- 
 ability bringing order out of chaos, accelerating to 
 tremendous speed the machinery of our army move- 
 ment, and above all else hastening the day of days 
 that brought bitterly-won Victory. This was the 
 spirit that was rife at the front and rear, in factory 
 and field. If this war brings us nothing else we are 
 at least richer in having been gripped by the fervid 
 enthusiasm of those days of America's triumph. 
 
 'Twould seem. Reader, that my pen had wan- 
 dered momentarily from the lighter paths of thought 
 we first trod. I will hasten on to the end with you 
 and hand you over to more entertaining company 
 on the page that follows me. Be I richer or poorer 
 in Time or Pelf as a result of those rushing Army 
 months, I retain at least in storage a motley mass of 
 in- and- misin- formation, gathered unconciously, to 
 be used perhaps some future day, The League of 
 Nations notwithstanding. I know for instance how 
 to take the draft of a ship; the component parts 
 of an escort wagon; a soldier's ration of food for 
 a day; a mule's ration of fodder for a week; the 
 horror of fiUing out various forms too numerous 
 to specify; the graduated attitudes of deference to 
 be shown officers of all ranks; the sensation of 
 parking in an army shoe; the careless drape of all 
 new-issue army clothing; the nauseated feeling 
 following a shot; the comradeship of good fellows; 
 the glow of robust health; the awakened realization 
 of just what the folks back home meant to me;
 
 58 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 the bliss of a discharge; and the yearning for pie 
 like mother used to make. Suffice it to say that 
 by adhering strictly to my carefully planned rule 
 of defence I emerged unscathed. This rule, by the 
 bye, I found extremely valuable, not to say effica- 
 cious; so I impart it to all who may ever wear 
 bars and find themselves in similar distress: i.e., Sign 
 nothing but the Pay Roll. 
 
 Curiously, it has just occurred to me that at no 
 time in this article have I mentioned what I was 
 or where I was. If you were an Army man I am 
 sure you have guessed the answer to my Httle riddle 
 and I will take your acceptance of my apology, or 
 your sympathy — as you elect. Both are in order.
 
 HOSPITAL SERVICE IN FRANCE
 
 HOSPITAL SERVICE IN FRANCE 
 
 WILLIAM S. DAVIS, JR., '19 
 
 ON the thirtieth of May, 191 7 I enlisted. I 
 enhsted in the Medical Corps with the Mas- 
 sachusetts General Hospital Unit, officially 
 known as U.S.A. Base Hospital No. 6. The only 
 reason I can think of now for doing it was that this 
 outfit was going to France immediately, or at least 
 that was what we were told. During our five weeks 
 training at Fort Strong we were all scared to death 
 the war would be over before we got across. We 
 felt differently after we had been in France awhile; 
 then we were afraid it never was coming to an end. 
 The outfit sailed from New York, July 11, 191 7, 
 on the English boat Aurania, it being before the 
 time of American transports. There was the usual 
 submarine excitement and — as with all other 
 boats — a narrow escape. Of course every boat 
 either had a torpedo just miss the stern or go under 
 the bow, so we had to have some story. An American 
 destroyer met us when we were a day off" the Irish 
 coast and just before she turned us over to a British 
 convoy she suddenly swerved off for a few miles 
 and fired five shots, then returned and drew up 
 alongside our boat. The captain yelled to our 
 
 61
 
 62 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 captain that they had sunk a sub with the third 
 shot. Now use your own judgment about this 
 and do not be too hard on me. 
 
 We put into Queenstown harbor for 24 hours 
 to wait for a let-up in the sub activities and then 
 went to Liverpool, where we landed July 23. Then 
 to Southhampton and two days later we sailed 
 into Le Havre. The only distinction I have is that, 
 so far as I know, I was the first Commerce fel- 
 low to arrive in France with the American Expedi- 
 tionary Forces. However, I know of a few that 
 got over there before with the Canadian Forces. 
 There was another Commerce graduate, Herbert 
 Taylor, in the same outfit with me, but he was on 
 a freight detail in England and came across the 
 Channel a little later. 
 
 After a short stay in a British Camp at Le Havre, 
 we went to Bordeaux. We took over a French 
 hospital at Talence a short distace outside this 
 city. When we first arrived at this place, it was a 
 sorry looking sight and the patients were just as 
 sorry looking. After the French patients were sent 
 away to other French hospitals, we immediately set 
 to work to clean the place up and prepare for our 
 own patients. A short while after, a company of 
 engineers joined us and made improvements and 
 additions. At first it was a one thousand bed 
 hospital, but before we left, it had held 5000 at 
 one time and on a pinch was capable of holding more. 
 
 During the twenty-one months I was in France 
 I spent all the time at this hospital, except for a
 
 JOHN L. DONOVAN
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 63 
 
 short period of detached service helping to establish 
 other hospitals, occasional trips with convoys to 
 different hospitals, one furlough spent in Brittany, 
 and, last but not least, an AWOL trip to Paris. 
 
 In February, 1919 we turned the hospital over 
 to another organization and awaited our embark- 
 ation orders. They finally came, although many 
 of us had begun to doubt that such things existed. 
 On March 12 we sailed from Bassens on the good 
 ship Antigone. She was formerly a German boat 
 and a pretty poor one at that, but we were going 
 home, so could stand anything. The morning of 
 March 24 we sighted the skyline of New York 
 and that night were decently quartered at Camp 
 Merritt. From there we went to Camp Devens and 
 on April 9, 19 19 received our discharges.
 
 TRAINING FOR AIR SERVICE
 
 TRAINING FOR AIR SERVICE 
 
 JAMES COGGESHALL, JR. '13 
 
 APRIL, 1917, found me nearing the end of my 
 Junior year at Harvard College. Months be- 
 fore, the Reserve Officers Training Corps had 
 been formed. College had developed a more or less 
 complete military atmosphere, daily drills, classes 
 in military matters, and what not. Regular col- 
 lege work had become distinctly secondary among 
 college activities. 
 
 So it was with no feeling of unexpectedness that 
 I, as an individual, was drawn into the war — and 
 the same would be true of my friends and class- 
 mates. To those enrolling in war activities, special 
 examinations were given by the College. These I 
 hurriedly prepared for and passed. May found me 
 in Washington assisting former Dean WilHam R. 
 Castle, Jr., of Harvard, in the establishing of a 
 new bureau in the American National Red Cross. 
 
 This bureau, first called the Bureau of Infor- 
 mation for Wounded, Killed, Missing and Prisoners, 
 later was known as the Bureau of Communication. 
 As time went on, this Bureau served by obtaining 
 information of loved ones for thousands of anxious 
 parents who sought its aid. Through its efforts, 
 
 67
 
 68 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 arrangements were made with the International 
 Committee of the Red Cross at Geneva to obtain 
 information concerning boys who had been taken 
 prisoners and were confined in German camps. 
 Parcels of food went regularly from a branch in 
 Switzerland. It was splendid humanitarian work, 
 and when the whole story is written, Dean Castle 
 must be given due recognition for the untiring 
 service he gave in its behalf. 
 
 Only through the summer did I take part in 
 this work. The actual mihtary branches of the ser- 
 vice had been closed to me, but early in September 
 my failure to pass a physical examination was 
 waived, and October found me a Student Naval 
 Aviator at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
 nology. The Naval Reserve Flying Corps was a 
 new organization composed of eager young men. 
 For two months, we worked hard and long at the 
 Ground School. In that short time, we were ex- 
 pected to grasp the fundamentals of the technical 
 side of flying along with a knowledge of engines, 
 wireless telegraphy, signalhng, meteorology, aero- 
 plane construction, Naval Regulations, seamanship, 
 and, most important of all, navigation — not a 
 small order! Time passed rapidly, and by Thanks- 
 giving, we were through the Ground School, and 
 had commenced flight training at the Naval Air 
 Station at Hampton Roads, Virginia. 
 
 The fife at the Air Station was, in a sense, a con- 
 tinuation of the days at Technology. Theory, 
 learned there, was now appHed to actual flying.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 69 
 
 My first flight came a few days after our arrival. 
 More than enough has been written about "first 
 flights," and the subject must be passed over. My 
 feeling was one of bewilderment more than anything 
 else; confused by the noise of the engine, and mar- 
 velling at the adroitness of the pilot — I wondered 
 whether I could ever learn to control the machine 
 in which I, for the time being, was a quiet and 
 somewhat scared passenger. 
 
 There is an impression, I think, that the life of 
 a flyer was "cream" as compared to the life in 
 other branches of the service. True, it was a more 
 undisciphned hfe, but on the whole, it was as hard 
 as other branches, if not harder. There was no 
 precedent for its organization. Inexperience was the 
 dominant note of the men in charge. Facilities for 
 the care of planes were sadly lacking. The canvas 
 tents in which planes were kept in the early days 
 would be blown over by the storms that swept the 
 coast, and many times the entire station was called 
 out to salvage as much as possible. Or again, 
 if there was a crash — and there were plenty of 
 crashes — instead of having a derrick proceed to 
 the wreckage as would happen in later days, the 
 wrecked plane was salvaged by hand work. We 
 assembled planes, changed pontoons, installed en- 
 gines, unpacked freight cars, built roads — in fact, 
 did everything, but fly. 
 
 An exceedingly severe cold set in Christmas 
 week, 19 1 7. Flying was prevented entirely. This 
 condition continued through early January and soon
 
 70 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 we were a disillusioned crowd. Cold, snow, and dis- 
 appointment, combined with inactivity, served to 
 dim the glamour of flying. Orders from Washing- 
 ton directing the entire detachment to Pensacola, 
 Florida, were welcomed eagerly. We arrived at 
 that Station soon enough, and quickly took our 
 places in the life there. Neither the living quarters 
 nor the food were what they might have been, but 
 there was steady flight instruction — and that, after 
 all, was the most important thing. 
 
 The days of preliminary flight training passed 
 rapidly, and it was not long before I had passed 
 successfully the various qualifying tests — flying to 
 an altitude of 6000 feet, spiralling down to 3000 feet, 
 shutting the motor completely ofl^, and landing 
 within a prescribed distance of a dory anchored in 
 the bay. Then came bombing practice, machine- 
 gun work, and navigation trips. At the end of 
 February, I was a qualified Naval Aviator, and 
 commissioned an Ensign in the United States 
 Naval Reserve Flying Corps. 
 
 On completion of flight training at Pensacola, 
 aviators were sent to many diff^erent places; some 
 went directly across, some to the diff^erent stations 
 in this country, and some remained on duty at Pen- 
 sacola. My orders kept me at Pensacola, and there 
 for three months, I played my part in the training 
 of student flyers. Just what might have become of 
 me is problematical, but any possibility of service 
 across was cut short by an attack of typhoid fever 
 in May. This, of course, removed me from active
 
 GEORGE P. WORKMAN
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 71 
 
 duty, and it was not until October that I was able 
 to resume work, and flying was out of the question. 
 
 Orders brought me to the Bureau of Naval 
 Operations (Aviation) at Washington. Lt. Com- 
 mander Read, later to win fame as the first trans- 
 Atlantic flyer, was at that time in charge of the 
 Material Section of Naval Aviation, and I served as 
 assistant to him until December 13, when I was 
 reheved of all active duty and ordered home. 
 
 Probably every man who saw service has the 
 feeling that his particular branch was the best 
 branch. That is a right sort of feeUng, and I must 
 confess to sharing it. Man for man, both as re- 
 gards the officer and enhsted personnel, the men with 
 whom I came in contact in Naval Aviation were a 
 sterhng crowd, and eager to play the parts assigned 
 them in the struggle for world freedom.
 
 SUBMARINE! TWO POINTS OFF 
 THE PORT BOW!
 
 SUBMARINE! TWO POINTS OFF 
 THE PORT BOW! 
 
 HAROLD E. RUISSEAU, '15 
 Ensign, (T.), U.S.N. 
 
 WHEN war was declared on April 6, 1917, one 
 of the first steps taken by the Naval au- 
 thorities was to form a Naval Reserve 
 Patrol Fleet, made up of motor yachts of many 
 sizes and descriptions and one hundred and ten- 
 foot submarine chasers especially constructed for 
 the work of finding submarines. Although this fleet 
 of sub-chasers was joked about a good deal and its 
 members sometimes nicknamed the U.S.N.R.F., 
 "You shall never reach France," or The "Useless 
 sons of nation's rich families," its work during the 
 war was very courageous and efficient and in some 
 cases heroic, as many of its members who accom- 
 panied these chasers abroad to the Engfish Channel 
 and Mediterranean Sea can testify. 
 
 Although their fighting experiences with German 
 submarines or other enemy craft was somewhat 
 Hmited, the fights they had with the briny deep were 
 about as tough as many of these trench battles 
 that some of the army men tell about. For they 
 fought an invincible seasickness, in which they knew 
 no fear of death. 
 
 75
 
 76 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Then, too, we must give a lot of credit to many 
 of the men who manned the sub-chasers on this 
 side of the Atlantic, for their experiences were as 
 bad at times. Many of these men wanted to go to 
 France or England for duty but were unfortunate 
 enough to be held on this side on chasers that were 
 not sent abroad. In the summer months it is agreed 
 that this duty was rather enjoyable, but those that 
 have a good deal of sarcasm for the Naval Reserve 
 Patrol should have taken a few trips up and down the 
 coast during the winter of 191 7. Imagine yourself 
 on a 1 1 0-foot sub-chaser — which is little larger than 
 the lifeboat of an ocean-going liner and not as 
 seaworthy — coming up the coast from Province- 
 town to Boston in the month of January, the ther- 
 mometer a few degrees above zero, so cold on deck 
 that your breath would freeze when you opened 
 your mouth. It was impossible to sleep as the spray 
 coming over the sides leaked through the decks and 
 flooded your bunk. And the eats were generally 
 terrible, consisting mainly of soup and crackers, 
 many times just crackers, when it was impossible 
 to keep the soup pot on the stove. Funny, too, 
 as most of us enlisted in the Navy with the idea of 
 at least getting a place to sleep and three squares a 
 day. But the worst of it was that we did all this for 
 a year, looking for German submarines which we 
 never had a chance of finding, for they were never 
 within 3,000 miles of us. Very often, however, we 
 were sure we saw one, which scared some of us 
 quite badly.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 77 
 
 But, the following year of 19 18, submarines of 
 the enemy became a reality on this side of the 
 Atlantic. Orders were received to keep men on 
 watch at all times when the sub-chasers were at 
 sea. The chasers were equipt with submarine de- 
 tectors, a device invented by Edison, consisting of 
 a long-armed hollow-tube instrument, extending out 
 about eight feet from the side of the chasers and then 
 down two or three feet below the surface of the water. 
 On the end of this arm was an instrument like a 
 telephone receiver which recorded the sound vibra- 
 tions of the water and these sound waves were trans- 
 mitted to the receivers worn by the operator. By 
 turning the arm in an arc until the sound waves 
 were heard most plainly, the direction of the sound 
 waves made by a vessel could be obtained on the 
 compass card attached to the instrument. An expert 
 operator could surmise from the results obtained 
 what sort of vessel was approaching, its speed, size, 
 and whether it was a submarine or surface ship. 
 However, many of the captains of the chasers ex- 
 pressed the feehng that they could get as near the 
 submarines as they wanted to without that old 
 device on board. 
 
 Shortly after this device was installed, we were 
 ordered to sea as wireless reports had been received 
 that a German submarine had sunk a fishing schooner 
 not sixty miles from our Section Base. We immedi- 
 ately started for the position given as the scene of 
 the sinking and arrived at our approximate desti- 
 nation about three o'clock the following morning; but
 
 78 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 as it was still dark, nothing could be seen. We 
 were all very creepy and nervous, for we felt that the 
 same sub might be lying submerged near by and 
 might suddenly torpedo us. So we were much ex- 
 cited when the watch in the crow's nest (the crow's 
 nest is a basket-shaped device rigged near the top 
 of the mast several feet above the pilot house) 
 reported a vessel or something off the starboard 
 quarter. We soon overhauled the object of interest 
 and we had the good fortune to pick up three dories 
 containing about half of the members of the crew 
 of the sunken fishing schooner. They told us of 
 their experience with the German sub: how she 
 had come alongside and ordered the fisherman to 
 heave to. Then the German sent a crew aboard 
 with bombs. The German sub Captain told the 
 fishermen to take to their boats as quickly as pos- 
 sible. He asked them many questions about the 
 war and its effect on America and told them — 
 in very good English — that he had lived in Port- 
 land, U.S.A., for twenty years before the war and 
 knew this coast hke a book; that they would bottle 
 up the United States harbors and fleet within a week 
 or two and the United States would soon pray for 
 peace. The crew of the sub were a very rough and 
 dirty set of sailors and were thin and white from 
 their voyage across the ocean. They said they had 
 plenty of food and drink but that they could get 
 no exercise. The German captain pointed the di- 
 rection of the coast and then ordered his crew to 
 blow up the ship with bombs. The fisherman,
 
 WALTER SHEA
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 79 
 
 however, did not believe that the coast was in the 
 direction he pointed, and had been drifting for 
 almost forty hours without food or water or making 
 any progress toward land. After the rescue we re- 
 turned to our Section Base — our desire to get a 
 German sub sharpened. 
 
 "Submarine two points off the port bow," was 
 the call we heard the watch yell about dark one 
 evening as we were proceeding along the coast con- 
 voying a large four-masted sailing vessel. She was 
 loaded with copper ore which was being shipped 
 from Canada to the Du Pont Powder Works in 
 Maryland. We had been feeling rather proud that 
 we had at last been given a ship to convoy that 
 would really make a prize for a German submarine. 
 But our pride suddenly vanished and some sort of 
 fright seized us and put our hearts where our mouths 
 should have been, for we felt that we were at last 
 due for a fight with a real German sub, and, from 
 reports, some of them were said to be as big as 
 battleships. Someone, however, sounded general 
 quarters and we all rushed up on deck. One gun 
 crew manned the six-pounder on the forecastle and 
 the other crew the machine gun aft. The gun cap- 
 tain uncovered the six-pounder; the first shellman 
 opened the ammunition boxes; the second shellman 
 seated a shell in the breach; the trainer set the sights 
 at the approximate range; the gun captain closed 
 the breach and pulled the trigger at the command 
 "Fire." Our first real shot at the enemy had been 
 fired. Things had proceeded so quickly that we
 
 8o THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 had not realized just where the enemy was or 
 what he looked like, but as the first shell landed 
 all eyes were centered on the enemy craft which 
 appeared on our port bow approaching us about 
 1500 yards away and about six feet above the water's 
 surface. 
 
 Now if you could reahze just the position we 
 were in you would see Httle difference between the 
 doughboy in the trenches awaiting the approach of 
 Heinie over the top, and us as we awaited the attack 
 of the German submarine from which we had no 
 possible means of escape. It was a case of " I sink 
 you or you sink me," and the German sub had some 
 reputation for sinkings. Their guns could go through 
 three ships hke ours while we would be lucky to 
 make a good dent in their hull with our cute six- 
 pounder. Our depth charges were useless as our 
 convoy would be unable to get from the effect of 
 the explosion. It is not surprising that we were all 
 deathly white, our knees shaky, and our mouths 
 uttering silent prayers, for we thought we were 
 doomed. But we would die fighting anyway. Some 
 courage stayed with us and after we had fired 
 twenty shells or more a direct hit seemed to have 
 penetrated the hull of the sub, for the immense 
 dark outline rose high in the water, then settled 
 down bow first, but just before it disappeared it 
 sent a stream of water high in the air. Fear evap- 
 orated but we stood stunned; for we had been 
 fooled by an immense whale.
 
 IN KHAKI
 
 IN KHAKI 
 
 HAROLD J. SULLIVAN, 1914 
 
 WHEN the man of khaki or blue returned, 
 he was always asked to tell his story. And 
 finally would come the question, "What 
 did you get out of it," or "Was it worth it all?" 
 Invariably, the reply would be, "Well, I wouldn't 
 want to go through it again, but it was a wonderful 
 experience." 
 
 Not only was it a wonderful experience, but it 
 was worth it all. Speaking for himself the writer 
 received far more than he was able to give. 
 
 It is a lasting experience to travel throughout 
 a great nation bubbling over with the passions of 
 war. The South, the West, and the East are all 
 the same. They live alike, they work alike, they 
 play the same games, and in a great war, oh boy, 
 they all fight alike. 
 
 Few careers are as nearly ideal as the soldier's. 
 And no period perhaps is as ideal as that of war. 
 Every thought of the soldier is toward an ideal. 
 Through privation and self-sacrifice, he has learned 
 the value of an ideal. Those at home have their 
 burdens which they bear nobly. With few ex- 
 ceptions, all are zealously working for one common 
 
 83
 
 84 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 end. It is always refreshing to look back on the 
 many incidents of sincere patriotism and unself- 
 ishness of the war. No matter at what station the 
 troop-train, already hours on the rails and overdue 
 drew in, or at what unhallowed hour it might arrive, 
 the women old and young would be found caring 
 for the wants of the soldiers. Many and many a 
 meal did they give that was far better than the 
 regulation ration. 
 
 Nor were these the only instances of noble 
 action. Men have almost wept when they learned 
 they were not to go over seas. Others grieved 
 because they were not fit to hazard the perils of 
 the air. The pleasant memory of these pure and 
 noble emotions will remain with every soldier till 
 his last taps. It is deeply regretted that the same 
 wonderful spirit of unity and unselfishness passes 
 with peace. War demands its toll in men and money, 
 but the nation is purified in its travail. 
 
 The army is a great training school. The great- 
 est benefit comes perhaps to the physique. Life 
 is lived in the open. And fortunate indeed is the 
 soldier who is stationed in the great Southwest or 
 West, where life is lived in the great open, with its 
 turbulent changes of weather, its wonderful sun- 
 set pictures, in rugged and strange country. With 
 few exceptions, all, but the wounded, left the service 
 with a better physique. It was kill or cure. And 
 with few kills, and many pills, cures were permanent. 
 For no matter how painful the ailment, one regu- 
 lation pill was sure to convince khaki that he was
 
 FREDERICK W. FRANK
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 85 
 
 on the rapid road to rapid recovery, and his hap- 
 piness needed no further encouragement. On bar- 
 gain days at sick call, old sergeant Sawbones might 
 often say, "What 'smatter? Trench feet? Well, 
 give him one of those blue pills, we've got more 
 of them." And still science strolls along the Giants' 
 Causeway. 
 
 But to the youth who is fagged from his four 
 years' grind at high school or college, no better field 
 could be chosen than the army. Even a year's 
 enhstment would restore a man as the fabled foun- 
 tain of youth. And in the end, he would advance 
 just as far even though his start in business was 
 delayed. 
 
 Perhaps the greatest training came from attend- 
 ance at the officers' training schools. There were 
 several of these for each branch scattered over the 
 country. Work here was intensive. It was hard. 
 It was a grind; every one worked hard, ate harder, 
 and slept hardest. But it was interesting, because 
 it was different from the dull routine of old buck 
 private. There was always the hope of one day 
 rating a salute, and perhaps better chow, and no 
 infernal demerits to haunt hke a crime. All who 
 have been through the mill, will agree that a 
 three months' intensive training at an officers' 
 training school is the last word in preparation. 
 One of the anomalies of cadet life was the con- 
 stant exhortation to conduct one's self with bear- 
 ing and dignity becoming an officer, yet the next 
 breath of the "looie" would have the company doing
 
 86 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 "white wing" duty sniping butts. But it was worth 
 it all. 
 
 Those who spent their time plucking cactus from 
 their bunks or dodging Texas northers will recall 
 with a smile the immense patronage accorded the 
 South and Southwest. In Texas alone, in the vicin- 
 ity of San Antonio, the headquarters of the Southern 
 Department, camps, schools, and depots of every 
 kind were maintained. There were infantry camps 
 at Travis, aviation at Kelly Field, balloon schools 
 at Camp John Wise. Q.M., ordnance, remount, re- 
 pair and salvage depots as well as officers' training 
 schools of all branches were centered around historic 
 old San Antonio. And last of all, were the gallant 
 S.A.T.C. units. As Mr. Murphy said, "Yes, people 
 are dying now, who never died before," so too youth, 
 middle age, and all were going to school who never 
 went before. But the S.A.T.C.'s should not be ridi- 
 culed. Had the war lasted, its members would have 
 received their war crosses as well as the marines and 
 doughboys. The first officers' training schools were 
 sneered at, yet its graduates have their war crosses, 
 and others are in French soil. The depletion of 
 officer material was the justification of the S.A.T.C. 
 units. And its purpose was to enable the nation 
 to educate men and still supply material for officers. 
 Perhaps, after all, it was but wise and fair to place 
 many activities in the South to enable it to get on 
 its feet, for it is only today that the South is recover- 
 ing from the economic effects of the Civil War. 
 
 But the news of peace sapped the spirits of
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 87 
 
 the cadets. After that, we lost our punch. It was 
 just like a football team that failed to come through 
 in the last quarter. At the ground school for fliers 
 at the University of Illinois, for months the cadets 
 had studied the maps of the western front, and 
 knew every kilometer; had even calculated to a day 
 how much time they would spend at flying school, 
 how much to get across, how long at the advanced 
 school, and knew exactly when they would be "sho 
 nuf" pilots flying over the hnes. 
 
 At two-thirty one morning the bell clanged, 
 noises were abroad, and the whole small coflege 
 town behaved most indecorously, not at aU like a 
 good little prohibition college town. The little town 
 was as wild as a little town could be. But the dream 
 of the cadets was shattered. While the muddy 
 doughboy in France bear-hugged his companion at 
 the thought of coming home, and the sailors spread 
 from Sweden to South Africa welcomed the good 
 news, and the slacker had his prayer answered, yet 
 there was many a cadet lad who was quiet and grave. 
 For months it had been his dream to be a commander 
 of an air argosy. He recalled the anxious weeks of 
 waiting, perhaps driUing on the dusty desert of Ari- 
 zona. It might have been the drudgery of heavy 
 labor in the cold snows of Camp Grant, or an endless 
 round of K.P. He had taken it all. Then came the 
 examinations for admittance. After two days of 
 strenuous tests he passed. Then followed an anxious 
 period of delay or waiting. His papers might have 
 been lost, as happened in many cases. He might have
 
 88 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 been transferred. Some one with more pull might 
 have got his place at ground school. Yet he kept 
 up through it all. And all for what? For exemp- 
 tion? No. Merely for the privilege to be trained 
 to fight and die. Yet he got to ground school. He 
 recalled the stern, incisive words of reception of the 
 hard-boiled officer, "You fellows will do as you're 
 told. And if you don't, we'll ride you till your 
 tongues hang out." But this was nothing. Some 
 day he would fly. That was enough. Then came the 
 course: Early rising; tiresome calisthenics; hours of 
 lectures; hours of drill. Daily was every cadet in turn 
 "ridden." It was part of the system. Nearer was 
 graduation. The demerits pressed on, but never came 
 abreast. One day a flier! One day a pilot! And 
 perhaps one day an ace! That was the cadet's 
 dream. Not a man ever attended ground school 
 who did not live that ideal, for none was drafted 
 into that calling, and every one actually had to 
 fight hard and persistently to get in. That was his 
 dream. And he was dreaming that, when the bells 
 on that November morn shattered it. And now 
 you can understand why many a cadet was quiet 
 and grave. 
 
 But the cadets did not have a monoply on 
 ideals. Every man in every branch of the service 
 had them. And that is what made the transition 
 to civilian life so hard sometimes. You can not 
 undo the work of a year in a day. For months, the 
 mind of the nation and the men had been concen- 
 trated on fighting and winning, and it took more
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 89 
 
 than a day to forget that. None of us have for- 
 gotten nor ever will. It is to be hoped we have 
 merely changed our objective from the Huns to 
 success in peaceful pursuits. 
 
 The day of the soldier in war has its many bur- 
 dens. But that one brief moment at retreat, when 
 the entire camp stops to pay its tribute to the flag 
 as it is tenderly lowered to strong arms is compen- 
 sation for the drudgery of the entire day. When 
 the heated sun pours out its rivers of crimson across 
 a Texas desert, and sends its dying shafts through 
 the mad dust of the plains, and Old Glory is lowered 
 to fond arms to the vigorous notes of the bugle, the 
 cares of the day vanish. The dream of what is back 
 of the flag flashes into the mind of khaki. Dead 
 must be the spirit that does not thrill at that picture. 
 Yes, it was a wonderful experience, and worth it alL
 
 THE SAILOR IN THE WAR
 
 THE SAILOR IN THE WAR 
 
 FRANK S. FRIEDMAN, 1917 
 
 WITH the formula "so help me God" at the 
 close of the oath of allegiance the recruit 
 bhthely annulled his own freedom and 
 thenceforth, for the duration of the war, regarded 
 himself as an atom in the vast machine directed 
 against Germany. Usually, however, he had a 
 period of grace, and returned to his home to await 
 the call for active duty. During the period extend- 
 ing from the day of his enlistment to the summons 
 to camp the recruit invariably underwent a change. 
 He looked with contempt upon ordinary civihan 
 activity; wondered how it was possible for him to 
 wait so long before enlisting; strained impatiently 
 for the call from headquarters; and in the meantime 
 did his utmost to spend every cent he could lay 
 hands on, in order to have what he called "a last 
 good time," for he felt that his was to be a life of 
 privation, of sacrifice; in other words, he conjured 
 up a proverbial hero whose role he was to play. 
 But, though unwittingly, he was often right. 
 
 A reception committee composed of sailors of 
 from three days' to two weeks' standing greeted 
 the new draft of men as they entered the training 
 
 93
 
 94 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 camp. Upon the faces of the members of this com- 
 mittee there rested an affected look of nautical 
 experience, of extreme "saltiness," and of briny 
 "hardness" — in some cases, however, entirely natu- 
 ral, although not from exposure to brine. In three 
 days the rookie of today became part of the audience 
 watching the arrival of the new batch of men, and 
 felt as "salty" as a jack who has completed three 
 enlistments in the regulars. With the manner of a 
 thirty-third degree member he undertook to initiate 
 the novice into the awfulness and terror of life in 
 the Navy. Nothing was easier, for it required only 
 about four hours to make a man believe himself a 
 regular sailor; he arrived at camp about noon and 
 late in the afternoon reported at quarters in his 
 new outfit — trousers baggy and unusually cool 
 around the ankles, blouse strangely loose and un- 
 comfortable, shoes feeling like clod-hoppers, and the 
 position and shape of his white hat giving every 
 old timer (of three days' standing) just cause for 
 laughter. 
 
 But it did not take the rookie long to find him- 
 self in his new clothes (and incidentally to learn 
 what a terrible infliction is the stiff" collar of civil- 
 ian dress), to learn at what angle to wear his white 
 hat and how to crease it, and how to make a sea- 
 going knot in his tie. Within a short time he ac- 
 quired what he thought was the professional expres- 
 sion and gait, and never failed to have a package 
 of Lucky Strike cigarettes showing from his blouse 
 pocket — except, of course, at inspection. But be-
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 95 
 
 sides all this, after being in camp for a week or two 
 he learned to work at hard, dirty, and unpleasant 
 tasks, and to feel it high time that he was leaving 
 the "dry land ship" and putting out to sea where he 
 could get the thing for which he enHsted: namely, 
 sea experience, a shot at the subs, and perhaps a 
 dose of seasickness. At camp the recruit had per- 
 formed duties varying from those of Captain's 
 orderly to those of scrubber of the chiefs' hammocks 
 under the direction of a contemptible coxswain who 
 assumed the high and mighty imperiousness of an 
 admiral. After two weeks or more the rookie became 
 extremely restless and looked enviously upon the 
 outgoing drafts of men, and hoped that when his 
 time for departure came he would not get another 
 unfortunate land assignment, for a Navy man de- 
 tested being a "land sailor," just as much as a soldier 
 disliked being a home soldier while most men around 
 him were being sent abroad. This applied par- 
 ticularly to the Naval Reservist who, in the face of 
 many gruesome and discouraging tales concerning 
 the gob's hfe at sea, persisted in his keen desire to 
 go aboard ship. 
 
 Of course, it is not at all surprising if after being 
 out to sea for a length of time, the sailor should have 
 prayed for transfer back to shore, or that he should 
 have welcomed his ship's being "popped" by a sub 
 so that he might have at least a short sojourn on 
 land until he got another sea assignment. Four 
 hours of sleep a night and the work of a dozen slaves 
 during the remaining hours of the day do not en-
 
 96 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 courage a love for the sea. Add to that, the meager- 
 ness of the few hours of liberty when the gob did 
 at last reach port, and the frequent deprivation of 
 liberty which he suffered at the hands of a crabbed 
 executive or captain who was overcome by an ex- 
 aggerated sense of discipline, and you have the 
 experiences which attenuate the romantic lure of 
 the sea. Not infrequently a man did not set foot 
 upon sohd ground for several months at a time, for 
 (and I refer here especially to the transport service) 
 ships often remained at sea twenty-five days out 
 of every month. Hence a man deprived of Hberty 
 on a single trip did not touch land for two months. 
 The joy of walking along the streets of a large city, 
 of seeing a stream of new faces, of meeting and talk- 
 ing to civiHans can be experienced only by him who 
 has been shut up for weeks in a tiny shell on the 
 boundless sea with nothing to look upon but the 
 monotonous faces of his mates, the monotonous dark 
 blue of the ocean, and the monotonous hght blue 
 of the sky. How, then, can a stroll ashore, a meal 
 off a table cloth, help being a delight! The sea 
 makes of seafarers — as inexperience makes of chil- 
 dren — immature, simple creatures with the un- 
 restraint of babies. 
 
 The duties of the enlisted man, and also of the 
 commissioned officer, were anything but pleasant, 
 nor were they of the spectacular type which calls 
 forth the plaudits of movie audiences. They were 
 tedious, dirty, difficult and wearisome. The seaman 
 scrubbed and painted and polished all day; the cook
 
 ROBERT PETTS
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 97 
 
 sweated in the galley; the fireman roasted his body 
 in that inhuman inferno, the boiler room, — all 
 this for a large part of the twenty-four hours. 
 After that did the men "turn in" and rest up? 
 No, not in this war with so much to be done. After 
 the performance of regular duties, they — whether 
 cook, yeoman, gunner, or anything else — had to 
 go on night and day look-out watches. And to 
 their conscientiousness in scanning the sea with their 
 binoculars we owe the happily low number of sink- 
 ings suffered by American ships. It is not unusual 
 or surprising then that men actually rejoiced over 
 being put into the brig for any length of time, even 
 on bread and water. There, at least, they could 
 reduce the debit side of their sleep account. 
 
 This everlasting occupation, nevertheless, had 
 its value. It gave the men absolutely no time to 
 think about the dangers which might confront them, 
 or to pray that they might finish the trip in safety. 
 There was no time to think of anything but the com- 
 pletion of the work at hand. Thus grew up a feeling 
 of complete indifference to everything but the loss 
 of sleep. They looked upon peril as part of the day's 
 work, and if the ship was hit, then the thing to do 
 was to get off safely as a matter of routine duty. 
 Mad scrambles and desperation were unknown. 
 When the "President Lincoln" was torpedoed, a gob 
 calmly read the "Blue Book" in his lifeboat as the 
 ship was sinking while he waited for his mates to 
 shde down the Hfe lines. Another survivor from 
 the same ship in one boat with the Chaplain, re-
 
 98 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 sponded to the latter's assurance that the Lord was 
 still with them: "Then give him an oar and let 
 him pull with us." Such buoyancy in the face of 
 disaster was common. 
 
 Not only were men buoyant, but they were loyal 
 and devoted. When some thirty men were pulped 
 into jelly by a torpedo in the boiler room of the 
 **Mt. Vernon," a Httle water tender resolutely clung 
 to his condensers until ordered to leave. Later when 
 the incident was referred to, this man, who had seen 
 eighteen years of service in the Navy, said in a most 
 unaffacted and casual manner: "Aw, that's nothin*; 
 all in the day's work; gotta expect them things." 
 
 On the whole, the sailor led in this war a life of 
 ceaseless toil under extreme difficulties, seldom in 
 contact with civilization, surrounded by unheeded 
 dangers, performing duties unhesitatingly, and filled 
 with implicit faith in the ability of American in- 
 genuity and courage to defeat the sub. That life 
 was known about only by those who knew the sailor, 
 and experienced only by the seamen who lived it. 
 Said one "I wouldn't give a nickle to live through 
 it again, but I wouldn't take a million for my ex- 
 periences."
 
 IMPRESSIONS -POST AND POSTED
 
 IMPRESSIONS— POST AND POSTED 
 
 DONALD BRIEN, 1912 
 
 ALMOST everybody jots down notes these days 
 in a more or less progressive form, and if 
 these scribblings, crab-wise, go backwards it 
 is not with the intention of being original. 
 
 The commotion caused by the sinking of the Irish 
 mail steamer Leinster a few weeks ago not far from 
 Dubhn on her way to Holyhead, and the loss of 
 587 men, women and children, has been the greatest 
 since the ill-fated Lusitania victims were brought 
 into Queenstown for burial. Even that incident 
 failed to arouse the Irish as this latter did. 
 
 I came across the Irish Sea on this same steamer 
 last April. These mail boats are very fast and up 
 till then were unescorted. No doubt several hundred 
 bags of mail went down on her. 
 
 The morning it happened we were out on patrol 
 duty, having left Liverpool fairly early. We picked 
 up the S.O.S. and the position reports, later getting 
 orders to proceed at utmost speed to aid in picking 
 up survivors. We were not near enough to get to 
 the spot under two hours and the English destroyers 
 and trawlers had done all they could. 
 
 We were assigned to escort the mail steamer on
 
 102 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 the next few trips, another boat relieving us later 
 on. We passed a round score of floating bodies 
 during the course of the day. 
 
 It is really hard to understand just why more 
 were not saved, although it is possible that some of 
 the boats were put out of commission at once. 
 These Irish mail boats make the dash from Kings- 
 town port for Dublin, to Holyhead in about two 
 hours, zigagging all the way and scorning any other 
 escort than the occasional silvery dirigible hovering 
 above. 
 
 With the excitement of the Leinster still in mind 
 and with the immediate prospect of patrol duty for 
 the next three or four days, we suddenly got orders 
 to proceed to Berehaven, away down in the south- 
 west corner of Ireland. The orders were unusual in 
 that they said to refuel and keep in readiness to 
 get under way. 
 
 As it is not a port from which convoys leave, the 
 only thing we thought of was that three of our battle- 
 ships were lying there. Immediately the rumors took 
 wings. The German fleet was coming out and we 
 were to help escort the big battlewagons to the North 
 Sea. Splendid ! 
 
 Second best was that German raiders had been 
 met and that an engagement was imminent! Pretty 
 good. 
 
 Arriving at Berehaven our hearts did give a jump 
 to see the big boys weighing anchors with steam up. 
 Also quite a bunch of our destroyers at the rendez- 
 vous. Now anything was plausible and we assured
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 103 
 
 ourselves that the real thing was close at hand, for 
 you know down deep in our hearts above all we pray 
 for a chance to exchange shots with a visible enemy. 
 Peppering the sneaky submarine is truly exciting, 
 yet the other thing is never quite gone from our 
 hopes. 
 
 A submarine came to the surface and attacked 
 an aeroplane the other day, which was fruit for them 
 of course. If one would only show his nose to us 
 and open fire! This is off the track, though. 
 
 At dusk we all got under way, still without 
 definite word of where, when, and why. When I 
 came on watch at midnight only one thing was 
 certain; from the sound of the shore stations we 
 were headed west. 
 
 Morning brought a saner guess, which noon 
 verified. 
 
 Only out for a convoy, this time a large troop 
 convoy. 
 
 And the battlewagons? Perhaps raiders were 
 feared, perhaps we only had them out for an airing. 
 Who knows? When we were abreast of their base 
 on the return trip, they turned and steamed off. 
 
 Now a large troop convoy naturally awakens 
 every nerve you have, the responsibihty is greater 
 than ever, as is, too, one's sense of the protection 
 due our own men as compared with cargoes of food- 
 stuffs or freight of any nature. 
 
 This time they were all large ships and by day 
 we could see them massed on deck, each boat evi- 
 dently holding all it could. Then, too, twice we had
 
 104 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 to haul the flag to half mast while burials at sea 
 were taking place; more victims of the world-wide 
 epidemic. 
 
 Just one more thing about this trip. 
 
 We were up in the Irish Sea, only six hours out 
 of Liverpool, when I came on watch at midnight. 
 Nothing in particular was going on even in that 
 haunt of the sub. I remember I was copying a land 
 station when suddenly and near by a loud note 
 started the most thrilling signal that comes to us 
 out of the air! "S.O.S. S.O.S. S.O.S. Adriatic 
 Torpedoed!" 
 
 Midnight on a dark night. The largest troop 
 ship in the bunch, with probably three or four thou- 
 sand boys to be plunged into the icy water, de- 
 stroyers rushing around at thirty knots, dropping 
 depth charges! Can you conjure up anything more 
 horrible? 
 
 A double explosion had preceded the signal of 
 distress only by a minute, so that everybody was 
 aroused at once, and emergency procedure adopted. 
 
 Then in a few minutes great was my joy when I 
 copied: ** Cancel Adriatic Torpedoed." 
 
 What the explosion could have been is something 
 we have not yet been able to find out, nor solve by 
 guessing. It may be that she struck a sub that in- 
 tended coming up in the middle of the convoy as 
 they sometimes do to fire, or maybe a ship thought 
 she sighted a periscope and dropped depth charges. 
 Anyhow, early the next morning we left them lying 
 safe in the Mersey basin and, turning, left to hurry 
 back to Base Six.
 
 GEORGE KLINE
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 105 
 
 And so it goes. You never know what to expect 
 nor what may happen in the coming minute. Some- 
 times the best, often the worst, generally the usual. 
 Not often, though, such a worstbest combination 
 for a thriller. 
 
 Being an oil-burner, this packet can't very well 
 carry coals to Newcastle, but a short while ago we 
 did, figuratively, when we had orders to proceed to 
 Waterford and oil an oiler that was stranded in that 
 port for lack of fuel-oil. 
 
 There is always interest in a new port and this 
 was a Httle out of the way and hence one that we 
 would hardly ever have gone into otherwise. 
 
 The town lay several miles up a narrow river 
 winding through the greenest country ever eyes did 
 see. If there is anything much prettier than one of 
 these Irish landscapes- — sohd masses of green with 
 httle white single-story houses tucked in now and then 
 to reheve the color scheme of slope and hedge — ^I 
 certainly want some day to see it. I have not yet. 
 
 The town, eventually reached after miles of this 
 prosperous valley with its farms and its manor houses 
 and even glimpses of a ruined castle, lay largely 
 along the river front, giving a good impression and 
 a contrasting one, with its modern hotels and ware- 
 houses. 
 
 After we had oiled the ship I mentioned, we were 
 given hberty and at 5 130 we proceeded, each accord- 
 ing to his inchnation, to see the place. My being
 
 io6 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 on watch kept me from going until dark and then 
 everything but the hotels was closed. 
 
 It has been said, and very truly, that a sailor can 
 always eat, and a meal ashore is generally in order. 
 Waterford has a permanent place in our affections, 
 due to her very generous, juicy, and well-served 
 steaks, as well as a true sense of humor in serving 
 the "chips," as they call the French-fried in this 
 part of the world. 
 
 On Sunday the first of September we found our- 
 selves outward bound from Liverpool with a convoy 
 of about twelve empty ships bound for various parts 
 of the States and Canada. We had left Liverpool 
 late the previous afternoon and contrary to the 
 custom had a mixed escort consisting of a number 
 of small, junky-looking little Limey boats and the 
 two destroyers, the " Aylwin " and the " Beale." 
 The "Aylwin" was the S.O.P. as we call it, or Senior 
 Officer Present. 
 
 As it was a slow convoy, about nine knots an 
 hour, the other little boats were able to keep up 
 well enough, but we all remarked that a sub would 
 have an easy chance to pick off a few without much 
 danger of getting caught himself, simply by watch- 
 ing the two destroyers. 
 
 I had the eight to twelve watch that day and 
 afetr the chow was over I turned into my bunk with 
 a magazine. Very, very seldom had we seen any 
 calmer sea or clearer day up in the Irish Sea.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 107 
 
 I fell asleep over my magazine, for the first thing 
 I remember was being pulled by the foot, and awoke 
 to see Spear and the rest of our little crowd getting 
 down on deck in a hurry. There had been a loud 
 explosion so near to us that there was no need to 
 sound the general alarm bell, as we were already on 
 the move. 
 
 My station at general quarters was to relieve the 
 decoder on watch, a station which of course pre- 
 vented me from seeing as much as the rest. 
 
 No sooner had I reached the radio shack and 
 taken over the watch when the explosion occurred 
 once more. Having no message, I opened the door 
 and looked out. There not over two hundred yards 
 from us was a ship torpedoed amidships, with that 
 part already partly submerged. 
 
 Now of course all this had happened within two 
 minutes' time, and in a flash it was brought home 
 to us what the menace of the sub was. 
 
 From our own fan-tail now depth charges were 
 being dropped and we were making thirty knots and 
 circling around in an eff"ort to get just one glimpse 
 of that devil's periscope. The man who had the 
 phones on asked me to take his place for a second 
 so that he might take a picture of the ship before 
 she sank. I let him go ahead and just had the 
 phones on my head when the operator's S.O.S. 
 started, and such a jumble you never heard in all 
 your life. It is nothing for a man in an emergency 
 to lose his entire nerve for a minute, and just hear- 
 ing this frantic sending was a terrible experience.
 
 ro8 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Then he steadied and it was readable, the call for 
 aid and the position of the ship. 
 
 The other radio man came back and said that 
 another ship as well had been hit and that she was 
 going down even quicker. The look I got was 
 enough. There away on the sky hne stood out in 
 gigantic rehef a huge ship tilted right up on end 
 with her bow straight down, her engines still going 
 and the propeller whirling at a fearful rate. In 
 a few minutes you had to rub your eyes and wonder 
 if it had not all been a nightmare. There was no 
 more ship. 
 
 In an attempt to launch one of our small boats 
 something had given away and as I looked out of 
 the port I saw two of our own men in the water 
 and beyond them a panorama of desolation itself. 
 Away in the distance the rest of the convoy and 
 the other destroyer were making knots and zig- 
 zagging at full speed, and directly on our starboard 
 beam, the last of the "City of Glasgow," the first 
 to be hit, was submerging. Between her and us, 
 the floor of the sea (as calm as ever you would 
 see it) was a hteral mess of men and boys in the 
 water, Hfeboats, rafts and every sort of debris that 
 would float. 
 
 By now the messages began to come in as fast 
 as they could be copied and decoded, all of them 
 position reports and orders from the S.O.P. 
 
 I was too busy to see the survivors being picked 
 up, but I could hear the shouts of the officers and 
 saw the dripping figures as they passed the door of
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 109 
 
 the shack. Shortly afterwards the regular decoder 
 came back and I was free. All over the ship were 
 httle groups telling of what was going on the minute 
 they were hit and what their experiences were 
 directly afterwards. A few had been saved from the 
 other ship, the "Mesaba," but very few, and many 
 of them had been cut to bits by the whirhng pro- 
 peller when one of the boats ran too near and was 
 sucked back. 
 
 The last that was seen of the Captain was when 
 he yelled to the last boatload, "Take it cool, boys." 
 
 I lent the gunner's mate from this ship some dry 
 clothes and he told me of seeing a torpedo wake 
 coming and giving warning, but it was too late to 
 swing the ship. It struck on the port side, smashing 
 all the hfeboats at the time. A second one hit, way 
 forward, flooding the forward compartments and 
 hence dipping her down suddenly. 
 
 A number of the men saved were Lascars and 
 they were very grateful. At a loss to express them- 
 selves in our tongue, all they could do was to grab 
 and kiss the hand of the officer that had managed 
 to save them at the last minute by getting his boat 
 right up under the stern before it sank for good. 
 One of them was cut by the propeller and only 
 lived a few hours, muttering a constant stream of 
 "Allah, Allah, Allah." 
 
 Nobody wanted to eat that night and the work 
 of the afternoon was the only thing we could talk 
 about. As far as was known, the submarine was 
 never seen although the other destroyer dropped
 
 no THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 seventy-three depth charges and we dropped a dozen 
 or so. Unless you see a suspicious wake there is 
 no chance in creation of getting the sub except by 
 pure luck, letting go a "can" in the right spot. 
 Every advantage is with the sub as a rule. 
 
 About seven o'clock that evening all of a sudden 
 there was another boom, followed by the sound of 
 some ship dropping depth charges. Again we took 
 our emergency stations and again it was full speed 
 ahead and every eye strained to see the offender or 
 any trace of him. 
 
 This time my station was back by the after 
 steering gear where I could see everything. The 
 sea was rougher, and as we ploughed through it, 
 enormous waves drenched us, but there was no 
 thought of that now. Get a sub! We would have 
 given our right arms for the sight of that monster 
 which had clearly followed us and taken another 
 shot. 
 
 Soon it was evident which ship had got it this 
 time, as we saw the stern of one high out of the 
 water with the propeller almost entirely out. She 
 immediately turned off towards land and left us to 
 avenge her, but with no greater success than before 
 and for the same reasons. Mr. Sub had simply 
 dropped as far down as he could and was lying on 
 the bottom, but where? With so many ships in the 
 vicinity, Hstening for the pecuhar sound of his pro- 
 pellers was out of the question. Besides, that would 
 have meant our stopping, the last thing on earth to 
 do then.
 
 EDMUND B. ABOTT
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR iii 
 
 After a pretty hard time of it, this last ship 
 managed to make her way into Milford Haven. 
 She, the "Acton," was the luckiest of the three 
 that day. 
 
 Although there must have been fifty or more of 
 the radio messages exchanged, not a word ever crept 
 into the press. 
 
 We continued with the ships to the usual parting 
 place, about fifteen degrees West, then turned and 
 steamed for Queenstown. 
 
 The armistice has been signed and although 
 that is not peace in name, still everyone knows that 
 virtually it is over. Last night in the bright moon- 
 light I had a view of the harbor here, and the many 
 silhouetted trawlers, minesweepers and men-of-war 
 in the harbor made a striking reminder that for 
 many of them it has been an interminable four 
 years of suffering and hardship, eternal and soul- 
 wearying vigilance to ward off actual famine or 
 worse. 
 
 We are yet comparatively new at it, but what 
 a great rehef it must have been to them (judging 
 by our own feehngs) to know that it was at last 
 at an end.
 
 THE COUNTER ATTACK AT 
 
 CHATEAU-THIERRY 
 
 YD
 
 THE COUNTER ATTACK AT 
 
 CH ATE AU-TH I ERR Y 
 
 YD 
 
 WILLIAM C. PINKHAM 'I7 (One oj the Ttvenly-Sixtb) 
 
 IT was on the first day of July, 19 18, that we 
 moved into reserve at Chateau-Thierry, after 
 having seen five previous months* service on the 
 Chemin-des-Dames and Toul sectors. 
 
 Here we lay in the woods, until the night of the 
 fifth, and then one regiment after another took up 
 its place in the line which the Second (U.S.) Division 
 had held so well. It was not long before we discov- 
 ered that we had come to a sector far different 
 from any we had ever seen before; for there were 
 no trenches here (unless one were to classify that 
 miserable httle ditch that ran along the edge of 
 the Bois-de-Belleau as one), and as far as the eye 
 could see, one could observe nothing but clumps of 
 trees and row upon row of wheatfields. Here, sure 
 enough, was open warfare. 
 
 Of course, it was seen that some sort of defences 
 and obstructions was essential; and night after night 
 was spent stringing barbed wire entanglements and 
 building a sort of makeshift trench, which at no 
 time exceeded three feet in depth. This was very 
 nerve-racking work, for all through the night Fritzie 
 kept sending over a mixture of H.E. (high explosive) 
 
 "5
 
 ii6 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 88's, 77's, and gas, all of which took their toll. As 
 fast as a man dropped to the ground, he was picked 
 up and carried to the dressing station on a stretcher. 
 One particular night I shall always remember, for 
 we had a man from Ohio go mad, and several others 
 afflicted with a temporary nervous breakdown. Dur- 
 ing the day we slept as best we could, in the little 
 gravelike holes in the ground which we had dug 
 as a protection from flying shrapnel. 
 
 While no one knew it at the time, the German 
 offensive, that had been stopped in June, was to be 
 resumed not later than July 15. Fritzie had kept 
 up a heavy artillery fire ever since our introduction 
 to the sector, and our casualties had been heavy; 
 but we had attributed all his movements to nothing 
 more than the activities of a wide-awake sector. 
 
 About four o'clock, on the morning of the fif- 
 teenth, they started their advance, in that part of 
 the line held by the loist. Through a misunder- 
 standing, they were allowed to take up their positions 
 in the town of Vaux; but as soon as their identity 
 and location were discovered, the American artillery 
 laid over a box barrage shutting them off from re- 
 inforcements, and the boys of the loist went over 
 to give them a little of their own medicine. How 
 well they succeeded is now an old story, and the 
 Boche once more fell back to his old positions. 
 
 The long-Iooked-for opportunity for a successful 
 counter-attack had presented itself at last, and word 
 was passed down from G.H.Q., to the Corps, Divi- 
 sional, and Regimental Commanders, to make imme-
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 117 
 
 diate preparations for an advance. (We buck pri- 
 vates, of course, were unaware of all this except 
 that we had a "hunch" that something big was 
 coming off.) Late in the evening of the seventeenth, 
 the artillery started their barrage, and shortly after- 
 wards Old Jupe Pluvius began his as an accom- 
 paniment. A check was taken of all the men, and 
 our first and second platoons were assigned to go 
 "over the top" with the 104th. About this time, 
 the rain was coming fairly hard and things were 
 beginning to be rather disagreeable, for it was almost 
 impossible to see a hand in front of one's face. 
 
 The noise from the barrage our artillery was 
 sending over was terrific, and conditions altogether 
 were a fitting prelude to an event which was to 
 make world history. Promptly at 4:30 o'clock, the 
 zero hour, the loist, i02d, and 103d, went "over 
 the top" and gained their objectives. 
 
 Here we stopped, the line now reaching from 
 Monthiers, to Torcy, to the Bois-de-Belleau. The 
 French had found considerable difficulty in taking 
 their objective, and accordingly we were held up 
 until the following afternoon. To the Engineers 
 fell the task of strengthening our positions, carrying 
 the wounded and burying the dead. Only one who 
 has engaged in this work can appreciate just how 
 repulsive it is. In fact, the odor, at times, was 
 so nauseating, that we found it necessary to use 
 our gas masks. We were not even left alone when 
 we attempted to get our wounded in off the field 
 that represented No Man's Land. The instant one
 
 ii8 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 of us put in an appearance outside of our lines, 
 Fritzie opened up with machine guns and one- 
 pounders. We worked all the rest of that after- 
 noon, and about one half the night, before we man- 
 aged to get all the boys that had a chance to pull 
 through, back to the first aid stations. 
 
 The next morning (July 19) we received quite 
 a bit of shelling, but as soon as our batteries opened 
 up, the Boche batteries were silenced. Then the 
 word was passed along that attack was due to begin 
 again — probably about noon — with the objective 
 thirteen kilometres away. The barrage that had 
 been ordered proved to be little more than the 
 dropping of a few shells on machine gun nests, but 
 regardless of that fact, the first wave "went over" at 
 about one thirty in the afternoon. Only a dozen of 
 them reached the bottom of the hill, for the machine 
 guns cut them down like wheat. The Boches upon 
 seeing the effect of their fire came out to meet them; 
 but as the second wave was following very closely 
 they seemed to reconsider their first impulse and 
 fell back to their positions. 
 
 Just about that time the long delayed American 
 barrage arrived and the curtain of fire swept Fritzie 
 out of his position and forced him slowly but surely 
 backward. From there on, for five or six kilometres, 
 practically no resistance was offered (with the ex- 
 ception of a few machine gun nests), but upon 
 getting into the country again, the Boche made 
 another stand. After a httle hot work, "Jerry" 
 was once more started on his journey, and four
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 119 
 
 more kilometres were taken. Then it seemed as 
 though the backbone of the drive had been broken, 
 for three successive attacks failed to dislodge the 
 Hun from his position in the woods and plateau, 
 outside of the towns of Epieds and Trugny. Our 
 platoon had been assigned to the 103d Infantry, 
 and we now fell back for orders on how to proceed. 
 From where we lay in the ravine, we could see the 
 wounded coming in, one after another, and as con- 
 siderable gas was being thrown over, it was found 
 necessary to put gas masks on the boys on the 
 stretchers. A few minutes later we had orders to 
 move forward once more. For perhaps a half hour 
 we hiked in single file through the woods with the 
 machine guns and artillery working all around us. 
 The Boches were also very active in the air, but 
 for the most part, their 'planes were up solely for 
 observation purposes. 
 
 As we maneuvered our way along, with bent 
 shoulders (for the rain was coming down in torrents), 
 the Lieutenant attempted to get his bearings, but 
 was unsuccessful. Soon we came to the edge of 
 the woods and moved a short distance into the field. 
 As we did so, the firing seemed to increase, and in 
 looking around in order to observe our surroundings, 
 we saw to our amazement that we were located be- 
 tween the two hnes. We had obviously been walking 
 around in circles and had accidentally strolled into 
 No Man's Land. One hundred yards to our right 
 was the first wave of the American infantry coming 
 "over the top" and four hundred yards on our left.
 
 120 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 the Boches were waitinp; for them with their machine 
 guns playing a merry tune. As some old sage once 
 said "Discretion is the better part of valor"; so we 
 immediately moved back into the rather doubtful 
 protection of the woods until the infantry had come 
 abreast of us. 
 
 Then the ^id brigade started to move again. 
 The 104th was allowed to file out of the woods in 
 which they were intrenched and to move across the 
 wheatfield, without being molested by so much as a 
 single shot, but as soon as the last of the battahon 
 entered the adjoining woods, all Hell broke loose 
 It was in this ambush that Max Hirshovitz, as good 
 and as brave a soldier as ever lived, was killed. The 
 class of '16 may well be proud of him, I searched 
 for two hours in an attempt to locate his body, but 
 was unsuccessful, as there were so many others also 
 lying there. Two days later, a sergeant in his 
 company told me he had been one of the first to 
 be buried. 
 
 This last attack had been a success and the Boche 
 resistance had turned into a hasty retreat. So com- 
 plete had been their defeat that it was not until a 
 day and a half later, when they had reached the 
 outskirts of Le Fere-en-Tardenois, a town that had 
 once been a fairly good sized railroad center, that 
 they again had serious trouble. 
 
 Here we were relieved by 28th (U.S.) Division, 
 of Pennsylvania, after completing a drive of 17 kilo- 
 metres, the longest advance that had been made by 
 any Allied Force, in the previous four years of the 
 War.
 
 FRANCIS G. KANE
 
 WITH THE MARINES
 
 WITH THE MARINES 
 
 BY A. E. BEATON, '17 
 
 JUST before going into service what did most 
 men think? What were their feehngs when 
 they took the oath of soldier or sailor? If 
 one were to listen to each man, one would no doubt 
 hear as many different stories. Probably my story 
 is different from that of any other, for when I had 
 got through school, I pursued my studies with the 
 intention of going into one of the naval branches. 
 I did not get into the outfit I aimed for and in con- 
 siderable wrath hiked to the Marine Corps recruit- 
 ing station at 22 Tremont Row. Accepted, I left 
 for Paris Island, South Carolina. 
 
 Those who have visited the island will need no 
 coaching to recall what an aspect was presented to 
 the prospective Marine. Hot sun, white sand and 
 a myriad of sand fleas. Near the landing were a 
 number of men in uniform who promptly began 
 to give the newly arrived much advice. All were 
 incredulous, I believe, for the advice was certainly 
 of a strange nature. 
 
 "You'll like it! You got to like it!" was the 
 greatest cry. I can't state that I agree with the 
 first part but with the second I soon learned to 
 
 123
 
 124 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 agree. Another cry which proved only too true 
 was, "Shave every morning, 'Boot,'" and the 
 speaker grinned as he rubbed his chin. Quite 
 true it was, too, much to my regret today. The 
 word "Boot " in the Corps meant "recruit" and one 
 can easily see where "boot" applies. 
 
 The party with which I arrived was conducted 
 by a guide who continually cried, "Where's your 
 traveling orders?" Why he kept this up was a 
 mystery unless it was to show us his importance. 
 I learned later that his importance was very Uttle, 
 for he was also a private. Later I had the pleasure 
 of making him work and sweat, and he knew not 
 why he was so distinguished. Others knew. 
 
 With this same guide we marched to a group of 
 buildings some one thousand yards distant. As we 
 approached, we could see men running around aim- 
 lessly, and we wondered. As we entered the group 
 we were greeted by a howling mob, some in the 
 white clothes we had seen from the distance. Others 
 were half-dressed. The "white clothes" proved to 
 be pajamas and nature's suits. All were quite free 
 with advice, greatly more startHng than before. 
 
 This place was known as the Applicants' Camp, 
 and to it all men were conducted who aspired to be 
 Marines. The principal occupation of Apphcants' 
 Camp was evading work. The commander of the 
 station had wisely placed Shorty Anderwood, a 
 sergeant, in charge of policing the camp. Shorty 
 had a wonderful voice with which to scare a man. 
 He was a case of hard shell but good heart. As
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 125 
 
 police sergeant it fell to him to get these nondescripts 
 who were neither soldiers nor civilians, to work. 
 
 At various times "Shorty" called at the " Y" and 
 there gathered the men and put them to work. Only 
 the new and uninitiated visited the "Y," for those 
 who had once been caught found it easier to refrain 
 from writing the folks till better times. 
 
 My first meal proved to be a failure in this 
 manner. I marched into the "galley" with others 
 and proceeded to sit down at the allotted plate 
 when some one screeched, "Stand up, you, and fold 
 your arms!" Also other words. I of course stood 
 up and folded my arms. 
 
 Suddenly, "Seats!" All seated quickly and 
 promptly appropriated the greatest part of what- 
 ever food was near them. I noticed that a man 
 first filled his plate and then ate. There was no 
 passing around of food. I failed to notice that 
 almost all "bolted" their food and as a result I 
 was one of the last to leave, but I did not get out. 
 
 The doors were locked. There were some ten 
 left and it fell to us to gather the dishes, also to 
 wash and dry them, "swab" the deck and "wash 
 down " the tables. At the next meal I also ate 
 hurriedly. 
 
 One soon learned to pay no heed to such cries 
 as "Bull Ring!" "Outside for mail" and other 
 calls to catch the unwary. There was one cry 
 which all did answer promptly, namely: "All men 
 who came in yesterday report to sick-bay right 
 away." At this cry all men who had arrived on the
 
 126 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 preceding day hurried to be examined for enlist- 
 ment. Those fortunate enough to pass the rigid 
 examinations were conducted before the major in 
 command and duly sworn in. 
 
 The drawing of clothes followed and the placing 
 into companies of 66 men in charge of a sergeant 
 and four corporals. The sergeant in charge of our 
 company was "Foxy" Styskell, a man of infinite 
 patience and a "scrapper." Unfortunately, he re- 
 mained with us but a short while, for he was made 
 a "top" and then succeeded in getting reduced to 
 "line" so as to get transferred to France. 
 
 Sam Bassett of Greenfield and I hitched up and 
 went "over the fence" together. "Over the fence" 
 meant that the "boot's" training had begun, but 
 none knew why "over the fence" was the term. 
 
 Sam and I did not succeed in getting into the 
 same tent, and I was placed with Bob Gillis, a fellow 
 from Cumberland, Maryland. Bob was a fine fellow 
 and we had good times together but we later were 
 separated. 
 
 Why dwell on the period of training? The maga- 
 zine writers continued to keep the wolf away from 
 the door by writing of the life at camp. Don't 
 you remember reading the menu? Remember how 
 often beans appeared in the same? Is it any wonder 
 that Boston seemed to mean the same to many? 
 And it was useless for Bostonians to explain what 
 beans really were. 
 
 During my training, there were two periods which 
 I greatly enjoyed: the bayonet course and the rifle
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 127 
 
 course. Probably the greatest period of the boot's 
 hfe is on the rifle range. After having been told 
 that the rifle was his best friend, he looked forward 
 to the day when he could use it. How we aU talked 
 over that first shot! 
 
 "What did you make?" "Oh, I made a bull." 
 None would admit that he made a "swabo" or a 
 "walking four" on his first. A "swabo" or a "walk- 
 ing four" was a miss. I still have the empty sheUs 
 of the first chp I fired, as have many others. With- 
 out doubt the rifle was the "boot's" best friend, for 
 it gave him a chance for France. To quahfy meant 
 France; to fail meant service elsewhere. 
 
 Is it any wonder that so many qualified! Just 
 previous to going on to the range the men in the com- 
 pany had been inoculated for the third time and the 
 blood of most men was causing boils and abscesses. 
 These came just where a fellow least wanted them, 
 positions which interfered with firing. I know of 
 men who fired their rifles with boils that if they 
 were to report at sick-bay would cause them to be 
 sent to the hospital immediately. 
 
 The eventful day came and we fired for record, 
 nearly all quahfying, myself included. Then came 
 the breaking up of the boot company; the records 
 of the men and their adaptabihty were considered. 
 I was chosen to become a bayonet instructor, but as 
 I had chosen "straight duty" I was sent to Quantico, 
 Virginia. 
 
 At Quantico, I was not so fortunate as the 
 "straight duty" clause had no weight there and
 
 128 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 I was placed in the Bayonet Instructors' School. 
 My boot companions were mostly transferred to 
 overseas organizations and I later met some of 
 them in France. 
 
 The school was in command of Captain Harris- 
 son, a Canadian officer wounded in France. He had 
 a staff of officers as instructors, of whom Lieutenant 
 Agrault conducted the class in which I was. In 
 the same class was Pat Dougherty, Andy Clay, Red 
 Bergquist, Lee Dooley, Bid Schmucke, and " Irish." 
 "Irish" was my other name in the outfit. 
 
 We became boon companions and remained to- 
 gether throughout the rest of our time. We did 
 not care to stay in Quantico for all time, so we 
 became obnoxious to the "top." If a man wishes 
 to get transferred, there is one certain way and 
 that is to incur the "top's" dislike. This we did. 
 We had of course been made instructors and al- 
 though we had great fun on the different fields and 
 ranges, we still hankered to get across. At last 
 our chance came. The company clerk read off a 
 list of names for transfer to an overseas battalion 
 and we were among those going. The "top" had 
 got rid of us. A hurried note home, a turning in 
 of equipment not necessary for the field and we 
 were ready. Next day we "shoved." 
 
 Again I shall let you turn to the magazines for 
 stories of the boys "going over." The trip across 
 was quite uneventful; no one giving the "subs" a 
 thought, which goes to show the confidence we had 
 in our Navy.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 129 
 
 Who can forget his first glimpse of France? To 
 be sure, it was nothing grand, but it at least rep- 
 resented sohd earth and rehef from a crowded trans- 
 port. At last we got ashore and hiked through 
 Brest. 
 
 Some few soldiers greeted us with, "What kept 
 you?" This meant nothing to me but to some men 
 in the battahon it meant much. Some had been 
 on ships in the North Sea; Bill Schmecski, for one, 
 had been for nearly a year on a cruiser there. Others 
 had been at different stations and in the tropics. 
 Now the language of the soldier is nothing if not 
 expressive, and these same soldiers were treated with 
 a just share of that same expressiveness. 
 
 As it is the custom of our good Uncle Sam to 
 feed and clothe as well as sometimes pay his sol- 
 diers, it is also his custom to give his soldiers plenty 
 to do. Consequently the first morning in camp we 
 "hit the deck" dark and early. As we were sleep- 
 ing quite close to the deck — a poncho separated us 
 from the ground — "hitting the deck" represented 
 little work. Getting dressed was something that 
 we did not think of doing. We were already dressed. 
 
 "Chow" was uppermost in our minds as we 
 marched to the galley to feast on our good Uncle. 
 He was a great disappointment right there. Luck- 
 ily for me I knew a "grease ball," (popular name 
 for men working in the kitchen) and threatened him 
 with dire results if he did not feed me more beans 
 and another sHce of bread. He did give me another 
 piece, which I shared with Andy. There was a
 
 130 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 great howl by others not so fortunate, which worried 
 me not. Hiking into Brest was not without its 
 fun. Between shouting, singing and trying to slip 
 out of ranks the time passed quickly and we were 
 in Brest in no time. 
 
 In Brest the battahon was broken up into work- 
 ing parties and I was sent with one group to work 
 for a corporal of engineers. He was a good fellow. 
 Bringing us to a toolshed, he handed out shovels, 
 picks, wheelbarrows, and what not, connected with 
 building a road. I foreseeingly laid hold of a sledge- 
 hammer. While others shoveled and picked, I hfted 
 and let fall my mighty sledge, taking note of the fall. 
 
 This same corporal had won a brassard on his 
 left arm. He informed us that the brassard allowed 
 him free passage over the city and the M.P.'s did 
 not challenge him. One good Marine from "Cinci" 
 asked: "Let me try it on?" The corporal was 
 obhging enough and did. Hardly had "Cinci" 
 gotten it on when he ran off, quickly leaving all 
 gaping. We Marines thought it a great joke, but 
 the engineer did not, especially when his lieutenant 
 asked him for it. There can be no doubt that 
 "Cinci" had a good time seeing Brest. 
 
 Chow time again. Would I fare as well at 
 dinner as I had at breakfast? The battalion as- 
 sembled in a square and we were issued tickets 
 good for one trip. Andy and I were together and 
 he and I had at last reached a point where our 
 tickets were due to leave us. The soldier taking 
 the tickets was colored and swung a billy. Pre- 
 caution?
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 131 
 
 "Hello, don't you remember me?" I turned 
 around and saw Andy was In great glee, for he 
 had recognized the soldier as an attendant in a 
 Cincinnati bowling alley. Andy intended to make 
 use of this one-sided acquaintance and promptly 
 put his ticket into his own pocket. The colored 
 soldier obligingly admitted that he did recognize 
 Andy. Then Andy called his attention to me, 
 saying that I was one of the scorers in the last 
 tournament held there. The fellow remembered 
 me, for he waved me by without taking my ticket. 
 I must admit that he had a very good memory for 
 I do not recall ever having seen "Cinci." How- 
 ever, I did not recall this to him, and Andy and I 
 enjoyed "seconds" as well as "firsts" that day. 
 Our good luck did not continue, for we did not see 
 him after that day. 
 
 The work of course had to be done, but it was 
 not our purpose to do it. Brest was new to us, and 
 work was not. We had noticed that if a body of 
 men went around in a column of twos with a man 
 on the other flank to do the saluting and command- 
 ing, the body could move through the city un- 
 molested. We had been working on the road some 
 little time after dinner when the wanderlust seized 
 us. The engineer had not returned from his dinner. 
 We organized into a column of twos and I was duly 
 elected to do the "high-balling." I was quite 
 successful, for we were not stopped once. We saw 
 the greater part and I do not wonder if some of 
 the party became lost, for we returned minus some 
 of the squad.
 
 132 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 France had not yet been hit by Prohibition and 
 some of the men were hit with a great thirst. Water 
 was of course out of the question, but who had the 
 money to get the necessary thirst-quencher? All 
 remained thirsty, but not for long. A Marine 
 corporal had seen a Portuguese ship unloading wine 
 for the Portuguese troops in France. He believed 
 that as we were in the same war, we should be 
 treated ahke, even to the wine. He did not com- 
 municate this to the Portuguese guarding the hogs- 
 heads on the dock. Our brainy corporal secured 
 a piece of thirst pipe, and succeeded in getting it 
 into one of the barrels. The pipe was long enough 
 to allow him to hide from the sentry and drink 
 comfortably. I can state that he drank almost 
 enough to make himself uncomfortable. Others 
 followed suit and before long other parties came to 
 work in the same vicinity; one can rest assured that 
 it was not to labor. 
 
 At last we left Brittany. It was then we be- 
 came familiar with the meaning of "Hommes 40, 
 Chevaux 8." As long as the number remained at 
 forty, the traveling was not so uncomfortable, but 
 when the amount went above forty it was another 
 matter. The car in which I rode was in charge of 
 Sergeant Fisher, a good soldier and a man who knew 
 the game. Fisher had been in the Corps for some 
 time and had been made by General "Flys" 
 Mahoney. It was a known fact that a man made by 
 "Flys" deserved his warrant. The battahon dis- 
 entrained at St. Argnan of great renown.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 133 
 
 "Camp Argony" was the great replacement 
 camp of the A.E.F. through which all troops cleaned 
 and where casuals were placed into organized out- 
 fits. The night we remained in St. Argnan we had 
 the good fortune to secure billets. Skip was out of 
 question; "chow" was uppermost in every man's 
 mind. We expected to get hot food. But softly. 
 We did get food which had once been hot. 
 
 I got to talking with a soldier who had been in 
 the hnes and who was then a casual. He informed 
 me that to get warm food one would have to get 
 up early. Pat, Andy, and I were quite wiUing to 
 get up early to get something warm. Reveille did 
 not find us sleeping and it seems that it found very 
 few in the camp sleeping, for men were hurrying to 
 get a good place in fine. The three of us did not 
 fare so badly. There was a call for volunteers to 
 serve "chow" and we promptly stepped out. We 
 of course ate before we commenced work. 
 
 The captain of our company happened along 
 after we had been working a short time. He 
 promptly and in no gentle tones informed us that 
 when any of his men went to work in the galley he 
 would send them. I know very well that the cap- 
 tain "called us down" only to get us out of the 
 kitchen because I saw a wink. 
 
 Armistice came, the "Big Show" was over, and 
 we had not got "Up There." There was some dis- 
 appointment in having got so far and then not seeing 
 the real thing. What was our little disappointment 
 in the joy of it all?
 
 134 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 After the Armistice there were rumors floating 
 around continually, some to this effect and some to 
 that. The more credulous believed that we were go- 
 ing home soon. If there were any who sincerely be- 
 heved that we were to go home at that time they 
 were greatly disappointed. An order came organiz- 
 ing police companies and we left for parts unknown. 
 We arrived in St. Nazaire and then undertook all 
 sorts of duties, from guarding ships to convoying 
 trains. 
 
 It was our great privilege to be attached to the 
 Army Transport Service and as such help the home- 
 going soldier on his journey. At first it was quite 
 a hardship to watch men leaving for home and 
 yet remain on foreign ground; we soon lost any 
 longings, for we learned that our time was a long 
 way off". 
 
 It used to be great fun to stand at the foot of 
 the gangplank and watch the men go aboard. 
 
 I have seen some men so excited with joy that 
 they could scarcely answer their name when called. 
 A home-going soldier once aboard did not come off. 
 If ever an outfit was cursed and abused it was ours. 
 We had our orders and we obligingly told those who 
 wished to come ashore what conditions we labored 
 under. There was no pleasing some people and we 
 tired of taking all the abuse and became calloused. 
 If a person was disrespectful to a member of the 
 guard or to the Corps, he was arrested. 
 
 What else could we do? Because we carried out 
 our orders, we were considered tyrannical. And
 
 FRANCIS L. JOHNSON
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 135 
 
 when we arrived home, we found stories being circu- 
 lated to the effect that all Marines were fiends. I 
 am glad to state though that, placed as we were in 
 a position of trust, we had comparatively Httle 
 trouble. The fellow who was obnoxious was the 
 first to ''cry." 
 
 Our associations with the Army were always 
 quite cordial, despite reports to the contrary. I 
 wish to state here that though the 30th Company 
 gained infamy, not all its members were to blame. 
 There were some members of the 30th in our com- 
 pany and they were men of sterhng character. 
 They deplored the actions of some members of the 
 company, but they boasted that it was not a Marine 
 officer who commanded the company at the time. 
 
 Each day there were various interesting incidents. 
 I could write many of them but will confine myself 
 to the story of the negro who attempted to steal 
 his way home. I was an eyewitness to the whole 
 affair but it was such an affair of nerve that I failed 
 to exercise my duty and the one to act was none 
 other than Colonel Olsen, commander of the A.T.S. 
 
 The negro, a member of a skeleton battafion in 
 St. Nazaire, had arranged with friends aboard to 
 throw him a fine. His friends obligingly did so, 
 at about two o'clock in the morning. Everything 
 was going well; he had tied his barracks bag to the 
 line, which was promptly pulled up. I befieve that 
 his lust for souvenirs, for no doubt that is what the 
 bag contained, proved his undoing. He himself 
 started to climb a sheet fine but Colonel Olsen arrived 
 on the scene.
 
 136 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Now Colonel Olsen, according to all codes, should 
 have been at home and in bed sleeping, but he 
 wasn't. He arrived in time to see the bag disappear 
 over the rail. 
 
 Being of an explosive nature, the colonel called 
 out to the " Steve" to come back, and in no uncertain 
 tones. This the "steve" refused to do, whereupon 
 the colonel took hold of the line and swayed it back 
 and forth so as to scare the runaway. The noise 
 attracted a Naval officer on deck, who ordered his 
 quartermaster to dowse the forward sheet Hne. The 
 quartermaster did. The negro with a yell sHpped 
 back and found his Nemesis. 
 
 The sentry and I had of course come up when 
 the colonel started action and were immediately 
 questioned as to our whereabouts. I did not lie 
 when I told him I was in the district, but I did not 
 tell him just what part. I know that the sentry 
 spoke the truth, for if he had seen the "steve" he 
 would surely have stopped him. Mississippi was 
 his home state. 
 
 I am not trying to vindicate myself but leave 
 my reader to judge. The negro at that time rated 
 three service stripes. Was I right or wrong? 
 
 I was a pretty good soldier but still I did hke to 
 see a little more of France than I had already seen. 
 So it was with others. It was no simple matter to 
 get a pass from the "tops" and, therefore, a fellow 
 took a chance on going A.W.O.L. As stolen fruits 
 are sweetest so was an absence without leave more 
 exciting. Needless to say that I did enjoy disap-
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 137 
 
 pearing for a couple of days and then coming back 
 and not getting rammed. The "top" usually failed 
 to note "A.W.O.L.'S. " and we appreciated his 
 kindness. 
 
 The M.P.'s were our cross and to beat them 
 meant good head work. On one occasion I was 
 A.W.O.L. in the City of Nantes. Nantes is called 
 "Little Paris," and who would not risk getting 
 "rammed" to visit "Little Paris"? At the time I 
 visited Nantes a Marine from E company, 13th 
 Marines, was reported to have been visiting Nantes 
 in the same manner as I, A.W.O.L. 
 
 I could have had a finer time but for him, because 
 every M.P. who saw a Marine, of whom there were 
 very few in the city, gave chase in hopes of getting 
 that 13th Marine. I was also without pass, and to 
 be caught meant personal inconvenience and a 
 hurried ride home. 
 
 Upon seeing an M.P. watching me, I slipped into 
 a cafe and was greeted by a lonely Army Service 
 Corps man. These men were somewhat privileged, 
 as their duty carried them everywhere and they 
 moved unchallenged. 
 
 The A.S.C. saw my plight and came to my 
 rescue. He helped me by giving me some collar 
 ornaments of the A.S.C. and one for my cap. I 
 changed hurriedly while the A.S.C. explained that 
 he carried a few buttons for such occasions. Had 
 I been French I should have kissed him. We be- 
 heved that a little disguise could hurt no one and 
 would cause the M.P.'s no trouble. I am very
 
 138 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 fortunate that I escaped detection in my masquer- 
 ade, for the penalty is great. My A.S.C. friend 
 and I enjoyed the freedom of the city very much. 
 
 How many men in the A.E.F. had duty leaves, 
 and how those who had did enjoy them! Will they 
 ever cease talking about Paris, Nice, Biarritz, St. 
 Malo, and those other wonderful resorts. 
 
 Pat Dougherty and I were offered leaves to 
 Biarritz; we just gobbled them up. At last the 
 day came and we set forth. With us went a very 
 shy young boy, by name Floyd Wickham. He was 
 shy until a young lady dentist in Biarritz drew him 
 out of his shell. It was the first time that we had 
 ridden on a legitimate pass; other times it was on 
 fake passes, sometimes guard rosters with officers' 
 seals, other times it was with bulletins of courts- 
 martial, — anything to show the French conductor. 
 
 This time we had honest-to-goodness railroad 
 tickets and "permission." Our destination was 
 Biarritz and after a day and night of eventful rid- 
 ing we reached there. Railway riding for the 
 American was a source of joy and to the French a 
 nightmare. The Americans would not stay where 
 they belonged. A soldier rode according to rank, 
 but the only one who could keep him out of a 
 first-lass coach, where he did not belong, was an 
 M.P. 
 
 The American would ride "first" or get arrested 
 in the attempt. Pat, Floyd, and I rode the greater 
 part of the way "first" but an M.P. occasionally re- 
 quested us to change. We obeyed his request
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 139 
 
 — while he was looking! But when he moved 
 away, we went back to the "first," to the chagrin 
 of the French. 
 
 Biarritz at last, a real hotel, a regular dining 
 table and real chow! Pat and I secured a room to- 
 gether. Biarritz is in the Basque country, celebrated 
 for hospitality and justly so. My poor pen can never 
 write the joy of a buck on leave — no reveille, no 
 roll-call, no taps, nothing military, not even the 
 Military Poilu. 
 
 We visited the country seat, Bayonne, a pros- 
 perous city. In one of the big stores I desired to 
 buy some toilet articles, and my French being in- 
 different, I asked in Spanish. I was rewarded in 
 that one of the Spanish-speaking girls obtained my 
 articles. She proved to be a very nice young person. 
 She called the proprietor, who was passing, and told 
 him that I spoke Spanish. 
 
 The proprietor conducted Pat and me to his 
 office and we had a most pleasant conversation. Pat 
 is a school teacher in the Keystone State and could 
 converse in French after a fashion. As for me, I 
 struggled along, afraid I did not altogether fulfill all 
 Mr. Berge's rules. My being able to speak Spanish 
 was quite novel to these people and I was accepted 
 at par wherever I went. 
 
 The salesgirl saw fit to invite Pat and me to 
 her home — a most unusual thing in that country. 
 We accepted the invitation for that evening and 
 were on time. The young lady greeted us on our 
 arrival at her home and I should think that most
 
 140 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 of her relatives were there. We must have been 
 queer or something out of the ordinary. 
 
 We had a most enjoyable evening even if we did 
 paint a theatrical picture of things in America. I 
 called the next evening, but the whole family was 
 not there — I saw to that. 
 
 The Frenchman, one might say, was at home on 
 a bicycle, for nearly every one owns a wheel. The 
 members of the A.E.F. in our hotel formed a bicycle 
 party to do a little touring. We were quite safe 
 in choosing such a trip, for the roads were in splendid 
 condition. We visited the various bicycle shops in 
 Biarritz and found that the charge was eight francs 
 a day. After a few visits to different shops I got 
 to talking with the proprietor of one who had been 
 an "avion" or aviator in the war. 
 
 We had been strugghng along in a wretched 
 French when I thought of again using the Spanish. 
 "Habia el espanol, Sefior?" "Si! Si!" Then we 
 became really acquainted even to the extent of re- 
 ducing the rates to one half for the five of us. 
 
 After some unsuccessful attempts at mounting 
 I did succeed in staying on my wheel and thought 
 that I had silenced the laughter of the French, who 
 were watching us start. The laughing did not stop 
 and I soon discovered why. Poor Pat had never 
 ridden a wheel before and was having a hard job 
 now. The French and Americans shouted advice 
 at him, to which he paid no attention. Once on 
 and going, Pat refused to get off, up hill or down.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 141 
 
 Unfortunately we got separated from our three 
 companions and we did not know which way to 
 turn. We did think it unfortunate, but Fate does 
 some queer things. Pat moved that we push on and 
 as we were then well into the Pyrenees we held a 
 sHm chance of returning that night. Push on we 
 did. Towards dusk we entered a small village in 
 the mountains, the name of which I do not know. 
 
 As we entered the village, the welcome we got 
 was a wonder. I cannot attempt to describe it fully. 
 
 "Vive les Americans!" "Vive! Vive!" 
 
 The whole population had turned out to greet 
 us; to be sure, it was not large, but the people made 
 up for it with their "vives." Dismounting and 
 allowing the men to shake our hands and the women 
 
 — well, the women, you know, they welcomed us also 
 
 — we were conducted to the inn. 
 
 What would they have done had we been real 
 heroes? Probably the marksmanship badges de- 
 ceived them. Our arrival was known soon, for at 
 the inn was a very pompous person who greeted 
 us effusively. 
 
 We took him to be the mayor and Hstened quite 
 respectfully, wondering what he could be saying. 
 
 "He did not talk French," Pat said. 
 
 "Well, it wasn't Spanish," I said. 
 
 "Then it must be the Basque," we both spoke 
 up. Pat was equal to the occasion and addressed 
 a few words in French to the villagers. Modesty 
 ought to hold me in check but it does not, and why 
 am I writing this theme but to tell what did happen?
 
 142 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 I arose, and in Spanish thanked the mayor and 
 his people for their kindness. I told of the love 
 America had for France, of how the people of the 
 Basque country were known for their generosity 
 and kindness. All in all I gave quite a lengthy talk 
 and to do the same again I would need a greater 
 inspiration than I then had. 
 
 The proprietor had not been idle and a bountiful 
 meal awaited us. We alone ate but the room had 
 a good share of the village in it. The notables con- 
 ducted us through the village, showing its good 
 points, and I must state that it was a delightful 
 place; sheep-herding being the main occupation of 
 the inhabitants. Nor were our bicycles forgotten — 
 a good villager produced a large pump and with the 
 aid of many willing hands pumped the tires until I 
 thought they would burst. 
 
 The best room in the inn was ours and when 
 morning came and we looked forward to returning 
 to Biarritz, a wonderful breakfast awaited us. When 
 it came time to settle our bill there was great com- 
 motion; we did flash good rolls, but "His Honor'* 
 said that it was all part of their welcome to us. 
 I am sure we thanked him, but to leave our good 
 host, the innkeeper, without some token would 
 have been a great injustice. We both tipped him 
 well. 
 
 Thinking and talking it over later, Pat and I 
 agreed that we both carried out our part quite well 
 and admitted that we did present a good appearance. 
 Pat was dressed in O.D. and I in green; we had
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 143 
 
 got some russet shoes of a home-going "medic," 
 and a lieutenant out of the 82d Division had given 
 me a couple of pairs of gloves. The gloves were 
 given to me as a thanks and remembrance of him 
 for a considerable favor I had done him. All dressed 
 up! I do believe that no two men in the A.E.F. had 
 the same experience. 
 
 St. Nazaire again and we had to go on watch 
 right away. Oh! Hum! I wish I were home or 
 in Biarritz. The divisions were still going through 
 and the only things to enliven the place were fights 
 with anyone who cared. 
 
 Still the troops came and went and still we 
 lingered on. As the troops passed our barracks they 
 were greeted with, "Anyone from Boston, Buffalo, 
 Cinci?" "Who's from Chi?" Boston always got 
 response; in nearly every company there was at 
 least one Beaneatic. No matter the division or the 
 outfit, Boston was represented. 
 
 The last of July found us in Brest. There we 
 were placed in the i ith Marines for transport home. 
 At Brest, no work, no guard, just eat and sleep. 
 The "Y," the K.C., the "Sallies," were there, all 
 generous, and their gifts were quickly taken up. 
 
 We prepared to leave, but before I end, what 
 ought I to say of France? Many came home with 
 stories in no way just. Robbery, selfishness, and 
 other vices were paraded. I, for one, will not 
 acquiesce in those statements. Who was it that 
 when we were cold and wet took us into their homes 
 and warmed us! The French woman, who more
 
 144 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 than once washed our clothes, even when we did 
 not have a "sou." Who was it that when a friend 
 of mine was sick took him and kept him till he was 
 well? A French woman. Who cooked our stolen 
 foods at a great risk? The French woman. Why 
 go on? 
 
 Many complained of storekeepers robbing them. 
 What did many patriotic people near the Army 
 camps charge the soldier? You know. In nearly 
 every city in which a training camp had been placed 
 prices jumped to the soldier trade. 
 
 In France one haggles when buying, but the 
 Americans would pay the first price asked. What 
 did Americans do when they came ashore? Ask 
 any soldier who had done duty in any of the ports, 
 how Americans acted when on liberty. Ask any 
 M.P. 
 
 Let us Americans consider the plight of France 
 before we judge too harshly. Consider America over- 
 flowing with the soldiery of many countries. Britain, 
 Italy, Canada, Austraha, Portugal, America, India, 
 Algiers, French Colonies, are but a few of the 
 many who had men in France. What would Ameri- 
 cans do? Each soldier is subject only to his own 
 Corps and not to the nation in which he is placed. 
 Knowing this, all took advantage. 
 
 Home at last, the only things mihtary that re- 
 mained were my uniform and memories, some of 
 which you now know. Still I was a bit lonesome. 
 I wonder what is Pat doing now, how Mike's appear- 
 ance at home startled his folks. They only knew
 
 EDWARD JAMES
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 145 
 
 that he was living, but never received word from 
 him. Over two years in France. How is Andy? 
 
 Such thoughts would come up in my memory, 
 and I know that I will see most of my old comrades 
 in my mind's eye only. The fellows who were in 
 sectional divisions do not know how fortunate they 
 are. When I see a man out of the Y.D., I say, 
 "Lucky Stiff!" His outfit is still going and he can 
 meet his buddies almost any time. I am not so for- 
 tunate. There is not a man out of my company 
 within twenty-five miles of Boston.
 
 WHAT THE SCHOOL DID AT HOME
 
 WHAT THE SCHOOL DID AT HOME 
 
 OUR records show that the School sent into the 
 various branches of service some eight hun- 
 dred men; and while to them fell the major 
 portion of work, and belongs the greater glory, it 
 must not be thought that the boys and teachers who 
 were obhged to remain on the job were altogether 
 idle. Their service was undramatic, but it was offered 
 in the same spirit of loyalty that was revealed by 
 their more fortunate comrades who risked their lives 
 on land and sea. It may be worth while, therefore, 
 to chronicle briefly the different activities in which 
 the members of the School engaged here in Massa- 
 chusetts, — three thousand miles from the centre of 
 conflict. 
 
 Registration Cards 
 
 By far the most important single piece of work 
 and one thoroughly deserving commemoration was 
 the job of tabulating the returns from the first draft 
 of June 5, 1917. 
 
 June 7, all registration cards for the State were 
 brought to the High School of Commerce. Here 
 the cards were copied in dupHcate, and from them 
 hsts in quadruphcate were typewritten. The work 
 
 149
 
 150 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 went on until July 21, 191 7, engaging the service of 
 500 Commerce boys and a large number of clerks 
 furnished by business offices of the city. 
 
 Unusual precautions were taken to protect the 
 cards. At night each room was sealed; the build- 
 ing was guarded day and night. As a result of the 
 unusual care, not a single card was lost. 
 
 The efficiency and industry of the boys of the 
 School were highly commended by the Bureau of 
 Statistics of the Massachusetts Division of Labor, 
 which had general direction of registration. 
 
 Exemption Board — Division 14 
 
 In addition to the task of assisting in supervis- 
 ing the tabulation connected with the draft cards, 
 the teachers of Commerce performed all the clerical 
 work for the Exemption Board of Division 14. 
 This work went with such dispatch and precision 
 that the Board was cited for particular praise by 
 the authorities at Washington. 
 
 Second Liberty Loan 
 
 The Liberty Loan Committee for Boston re- 
 quested the services of twenty boys for publicity 
 work in connection with the Loan drive. The boys 
 (seniors) more than fuffilled expectations, and were 
 warmly commended for their effectiveness.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 151 
 
 Third Liberty Loan 
 
 In the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Liberty Loan 
 campaigns, Mr. James E. Downey was given a most 
 important commission, being appointed member of 
 the Executive Committee for the Massachusetts 
 schools. This Committee was a subsidiary of the 
 Loan Committee for New England. 
 
 One of the pieces of literature sent out by the 
 Committee was a letter addressed to the school 
 children of the State — a letter written by one of 
 the teachers of the School, and put into the hands 
 of 300,000 pupils. A reprint of this letter is on 
 page 152. 
 
 Special Work 
 
 Several men in the School — Mr. Berge-Soler, 
 Mr. Donlan, and Mr. Hatheway — gave a good deal 
 of time to help the Post Office authorities in the way 
 of translating documents and letters. Mr. Downey 
 during the summer of 191 8 was engaged in work at 
 Washington for the War Industries Board. Mr. 
 Lyman G. Smith, lately deceased, did considerable 
 work at Harvard in. connection with the Chemical 
 Warfare Service. Mr. Clarke cheerfully gave the 
 summer of 19 18 to supervise the Commerce Farm 
 Camp, of which a description may be found among 
 the reprints from the Tradesman.
 
 152 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 UNCLE SAM 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Dear Friend, 
 
 You Want to Help Win the War. 
 
 Every one must put his shoulder to the wheeL 
 We are fighting a nation in which every man, 
 woman and child counts. We cannot hope for 
 victory unless each one of us contributes — not a 
 
 Httle but ALL HE CAN. 
 
 You cannot fight — yet. You cannot go to 
 the front — now. 
 
 But remember that money fights. Without 
 money, our brothers in the trenches are helpless. 
 For money provides the food, the guns, the ammu- 
 nition, and the ships to carry all these things. 
 
 Here is Where You Come In. 
 
 For the last Liberty Loan, over $30,000 was 
 subscribed through fourteen schools in one city. 
 
 If you will help — you — many times thirty thou- 
 sand dollars can be raised for the Third Liberty Loan. 
 
 How Can You Help? 
 
 You can buy a bond — yourself. 
 
 You can persuade your father to buy a bond. 
 
 You can ask your relatives to buy a bond. 
 
 You can ask your neighbors to buy a bond. 
 
 Will you help to put your neighborhood on the 
 bond map? 
 
 Will You Be a Soldier for the Third 
 Liberty Loan? 
 
 Your dearest friend, 
 w. H. c. Uncle Sam
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 153 
 
 JoFFRE Flags 
 
 On the memorable occasion of Marshal JofFre's 
 visit to Boston, our boys made possible one pic- 
 turesque incident by distributing to the school- 
 children of the city 80,000 French flags. These 
 flags were used in greeting the Marshal when he 
 rode through the streets of Boston.
 
 GEORGE I. McLaughlin
 
 REPRINTS FROM THE "TRADESMAN"
 
 REPRINTS FROM THE "TRADESMAN" 
 Our First Service Flag 
 
 THE High School of Commerce is the proud 
 possessor of a service flag. The flag at present 
 has five stars on it, representing five members of 
 the faculty. 
 
 Mr. William B. Corbett is at Camp Devens, 
 Ayer, where he is an officer with the rank of id 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Mr. Louis Fish has donned a sailor's suit. He 
 is busily engaged at Commonwealth Pier as a ist 
 Class Yeoman. 
 
 Mr. Hall and Mr. Corhss are training at Platts- 
 burg for commissions. 
 
 Mr. Walter L. McLean is a member of the 
 Naval Reserves. Mr. McLean, although officially 
 assigned to this school, has not yet done any teach- 
 ing here. 
 
 A Commerce Boy in the Trenches 
 
 BENNY" LEPROHON, a member of the class 
 of 19 14, is the first Commerce boy to get into 
 the trenches in the great war that is being now 
 waged. In 191 3 Leprohon, while a member of the 
 
 IS7
 
 158 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 third year class, moved with his family to Montreal, 
 where he continued his work at a business school. 
 At the outbreak of the war his father enhsted, and 
 soon saw service in France. Later "Benny" en- 
 hsted, and for a year was in training in the military 
 camps in Amherst, N. S., and Valcartier, Quebec. 
 At the latter place he was a captain in the 150th 
 Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force. Last 
 October the battahon was sent to England, and 
 in December Leprohon was sent to France as a 
 captain in the 3d Canadian Pioneers. From latest 
 reports he is with the 22d Canadian Battalion, 
 
 To Mr. Lacey, who visited Captain Leprohon 
 at Camp Valcartier last August, Colonel Barre of 
 the 150th Battalion gave most glowing reports of 
 the former Commerce boy. Colonel Barre said, 
 "Although Captain Leprohon is only 22 years of 
 age, he is one of the best officers in the battalion. 
 He has a wonderful influence over the men. He 
 has organized a baseball league among the various 
 companies, and has also conducted track and field 
 games at the camp. It has been surprising to us 
 to see how many of the men remain in camp to 
 witness the league games instead of going to Quebec 
 for Saturday and Sunday." Captain Leprohon was 
 the only officer playing in the league, and, inci- 
 dentally, was leading the league in hitting and 
 base-stealing. 
 
 While in Commerce, Captain Leprohon played 
 football and was one of the Tradesman artists. He 
 designed the frontispiece of the Tradesman used 
 in 1912-13.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 159 
 
 Our Flag Dedication Exercises 
 
 ON Wednesday, April 4th, the formal presen- 
 tation to the school of the national and state 
 flags bought by the boys took place. 
 
 The exercises were opened by the singing of 
 "America," under direction of Mr. Rowse. Head 
 Master Downey spoke of the fitness of having the 
 exercises on a day when the question of war or 
 peace would be settled by Congress, and warmly 
 commended the patriotic zeal of the boys of the 
 school in buying these flags and thus estabhshing 
 a tradition. Walter Downey, who originated the 
 idea of presenting the flags to the school, was 
 called on to act as spokesman for the boys of the 
 school. He told the story of his efforts in finally 
 starting a fund in consequence of the lack of flags 
 in the school hall. 
 
 Messrs. Ely and Hatheway supported him in 
 the movement, and a sum of $93 was raised to 
 purchase silk flags of nation and state. He pre- 
 sented the flags to the faculty as a symbol of the 
 loyalty of the boys of the school and as an expression 
 of the high ideals of patriotism which accompany it. 
 as rehcs for future generations who may attend this 
 school. 
 
 Mr. Ely accepted the flags in behalf of the fac- 
 ulty, at the same time expressing his loyalty and 
 ours to the flag, which stands for the rights of 
 humanity, rights for which the people of this
 
 i6o THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 country have always fought and will fight: life, 
 liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Now at a 
 time when people are thinking deeply of war, we 
 see the Stars and Stripes flying everywhere, which 
 portends that at last we must assert our rights, 
 and maintain our principle of government of the 
 people by the people against despotism and divine 
 right of kings. 
 
 The "Song to the Flag" was then rendered by 
 Mr. James Mahoney, one of the teachers in the 
 school, and judging by the encore he received, his 
 performance was greatly appreciated. 
 
 Head Master Downey next presented Mr. Frank 
 V. Thompson, the school's first head master, to the 
 boys of the school. Head Master Downey remarked 
 that Mr. Thompson served as a first sergeant in the 
 Spanish-American War. Mr. Thompson opened his 
 address, quoting the motto on the state flag: 
 "With the sword she seeks peace and quiet under 
 hberty." Today the principles of democracy are 
 what are at stake, and with such principles in mind 
 the men of this country are willing to fight. This 
 war will introduce a new era, one of universal train- 
 ing and of greater efficiency. The age of careless- 
 ness and ease is past. The adoption of universal 
 training, which is practically a decided thing, is 
 directly in concord with the principles of our 
 country, — every man contributing a small share of 
 military service instead of a few sacrificing a great 
 deal. It is the duty of every man to "do his bit" 
 in the present crisis, whether it is to fight in the 
 service or to help in the raising of foodstuff^s.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR i6i 
 
 Mr. Thompson was followed by Commander 
 Haskill of Allston Post, G.A.R., who made a few 
 short remarks on the general subject of loyalty to 
 the colors. 
 
 Under Head Master Downey's direction the as- 
 sembly stood at attention and repeated the Oath 
 of Allegiance: "I pledge allegiance to my flag and 
 to the republic for which it stands; one nation, indi- 
 visible, with hberty and justice for all." 
 
 The exercises closed with the singing of "The 
 Star Spangled Banner" under the direction of 
 Mr. Rowse, the occasion being one long to be re- 
 membered as one of the most impressive gatherings 
 in the history of the school. 
 
 Draft Work 
 
 AGAIN Commerce boys have come to the front 
 in volunteer patriotic work. Not content with 
 the success they had in securing several hundred 
 dollars' worth of subscriptions in the Liberty Loan 
 drive last October, a number of our seniors recently 
 rendered very valuable aid to the Legal Advisory 
 Board of Boston. Some boys acted as stenographers 
 for the executive committee while others made them- 
 selves useful as office assistants and messengers. 
 This work gave the boys a chance to serve the 
 government and at the same time put their knowl- 
 edge of business technique into actual practice. 
 Incidentally, their work gave them a chance to 
 rub elbows with some of the most prominent lawyers
 
 1 62 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 of Greater Boston, who were working several hours 
 a day absolutely gratis aiding draft registrants to 
 fill out properly their respective questionnaires. 
 
 The High School of Commerce Farming Camp 
 
 John M. McIsaac, '19 
 
 DURING the first week of June a call was sent 
 out to the boys over sixteen years of age in 
 the High School of Commerce to volunteer their 
 services for the summer to do farm work. About 
 fifteen boys answered this call, and enlisted in the 
 United States Working Boys' Reserve. A camp 
 was to be estabhshed by the High School of Com- 
 merce in Hatfield, Mass., and Mr. Clark, one of 
 the teachers, was to be in charge. The boys who 
 enhsted were summoned to the Hbrary on June 6, 
 and were told what equipment was needed to take 
 with them, and how to reach Hatfield, a town on 
 the Connecticut River, north of Springfield. 
 
 On June 9 the fifteen boys from the High School 
 of Commerce and six fellows from the Boys' Latin 
 School met at the South Station, and boarded our 
 train. At the station in Hatfield we were met by 
 one of the farmers in the town with a large auto 
 truck. 
 
 For our headquarters we had an old two-story 
 schoolhouse, with two rooms on each floor. One 
 of the rooms on the lower floor was used as a wash- 
 room, the other was a recreation room, where the
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 163 
 
 boys boxed, wrote their correspondence and read. 
 On the upper floor, one of the rooms was a dormi- 
 tory, with twenty beds, a writing table and a few 
 chairs. The other, the mess hall, had three tables, 
 seating forty-five fellows. The rooms were all kept 
 clean. Later, when the camp grew larger, five tents, 
 containing seven cots each and having an officer in 
 charge, were set up on the lawn. 
 
 Life in camp on all working days followed a 
 regular routine. We rose at 5:40 o'clock, when 
 reveille was blown by our bugler, and took fifteen 
 minutes to wash and dress. We then assembled 
 on the lawn before the camp, and had the solemn 
 ceremony of raising the colors, followed by a five- 
 minute setting-up drill, given by our captain. Mess 
 call was then blown, and we marched up stairs to 
 breakfast, which consisted of a cereal and some 
 plain but wholesome food, followed by coff^ee or 
 cocoa. After breakfast everybody was obliged to 
 wash his own dishes, as is done in the army. 
 
 The fellows then separated for their respective 
 jobs, for the farms were scattered all over the sur- 
 rounding country, and began work at 7 o'clock. 
 We worked until 12, when we ate our lunch, which 
 we had put up the evening before. Work was again 
 resumed at i o'clock, and at 5:30 our work for the 
 day was done, and we all made our way to camp. 
 We washed and cleaned up for supper. 
 
 The big problem in a camp of this kind is the 
 food problem. In some camps it was the cause of 
 many departures, but at Camp Thompson, as we
 
 i64 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 named our camp, not one fellow left on account of 
 poor food. All credit is due our cook, Raymond 
 Kempton of Winthrop, for the excellent service he 
 gave. The food was of good quality, wholesome and 
 abundant. The cost of our board was three dollars 
 and fifty cents per week. 
 
 In the evening the boys spent their time from 
 7 to 8:45 as they liked. Many indulged in baseball 
 practice. We had a good team, which defeated 
 the teams from all the surrounding camps, and won 
 the championship of the valley. Others boxed or 
 wrote letters, while many walked about the town. 
 
 Of course no camp can succeed unless it has dis- 
 cipline. The rules of our camp were few, but neces- 
 sary. They were: No cigarette smoking, punctuality 
 at all bugle calls, silence after taps. Other rules 
 related to profanity, idleness, and hours of freedom. 
 Breaking these rules was punishable by three grades 
 of penalties. The first for minor offences, such as 
 swearing or being late for bugle calls, consisted of 
 from one half to three hours' fatigue duty, such as 
 helping the cook, or doing guard duty after work. 
 The next severer penalty, given for repeated dis- 
 obedience of minor rules, or for smoking the first 
 time, was loss of freedom from one to three weeks, 
 as the officers who decided these cases judged appro- 
 priate. The last and severest penalty was to be 
 sent home. This penalty was inflicted for smoking 
 the second time or for some other serious offence. 
 I am glad to say that this punishment was inflicted 
 only three times at Camp Thompson.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 165 
 
 The spirit in this camp was fine. The boys took 
 hold in first-class shape, and earned the reputation 
 of having the best camp in the state. To maintain 
 discipHne, officers, consisting of a captain, two heu- 
 tenants, five sergeants, and six corporals, were ap- 
 pointed by Mr. Clark. It was their duty to see 
 that the rules of the camp were obeyed, report all 
 violations, see that beds were made and the camp 
 kept clean. 
 
 The work for the fellows at Camp Thompson 
 was on tobacco and onions, for which the Connecti- 
 cut Valley is noted. At first the work consisted 
 mainly of hoeing, weeding and planting. These 
 three jobs were considered hard, as they caused 
 bHsters, sunburn and backache, but as we got used 
 to it they became much easier. After hoeing, weed- 
 ing and planting there came miscellaneous tasks, 
 until the time of harvest, when the tobacco was 
 picked and hung in the sheds to cure, and the onions 
 were pulled up, clipped and bagged. The work in 
 general was not hard, yet it was no cinch. The 
 weather throughout the summer was fine, and only 
 a few hot days caused any trouble for the boys. 
 The pay was nine dollars for the first week, and then 
 two dollars per day thereafter, but most of the boys 
 made two fifty per day. Out of this we had to pay 
 our board and pay the cook. Every fellow made 
 at least two hundred and fifty dollars for the 
 summer. 
 
 When we finished our work in Hatfield, in 
 October, we bade the farmers there good-by, and
 
 i66 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 set out on Sunday afternoon about i o'clock for 
 a hike over the hills to Williamsburg, a town about 
 eight miles distant, where Mr. Clark had obtained 
 jobs of picking apples for us all, arriving there 
 about 4:30. We had nothing to carry as an auto 
 truck came from Williamsburg and took tents, 
 bedding and cooking utensils. Immediately on our 
 arrival we set up the tents, made our beds of hay, 
 gathered wood and fetched water, for we were living 
 and cooking in the open. 
 
 We turned in early that night as we were tired 
 after the hike, and at 5:30 the next morning all 
 were up on time and after breakfast began a new 
 sort of work. We were shown how to pick apples 
 by the owner of the farm. Each of us was given a 
 ladder, and we attacked an orchard of 2,000 trees to 
 be picked in three days. Many fellows fell from the 
 trees, as they were inexperienced in placing a ladder, 
 but no one was hurt. Then at night came the happy 
 time of the day, when we all gathered around the 
 camp fire and told stories and sang songs. The 
 good old Commerce songs were the favorites at these 
 meetings. These evenings were enjoyed more by the 
 boys than any other time while they were farming. 
 
 The three days here passed rapidly. The last 
 night we built a huge bonfire and were merry all 
 round. The next morning we broke camp, and hiked 
 back to Hatfield for our clothes. In Hatfield we said 
 a last good-by to our friends, packed up and left for 
 home. 
 
 This summer was enjoyed more by the fellows
 
 MAX HIRSCHOVITZ
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 167 
 
 than any other summer they have ever experienced. 
 It built them up, and made them strong and healthy. 
 The boys also learned the real good side of a school 
 teacher, for they had in Mr. Clark the finest super- 
 visor that they could possibly have had.
 
 ARTHUR DUFFIE
 
 LETTERS
 
 WILLIAM POHL
 
 LETTERS 
 Letter from Max Hirshovitz, '17 
 
 ALTHOUGH it has been many months since 
 I left the United States, I have often thought 
 that it was my duty to write to the school of which 
 I am a graduate. The teachers and pupils of the 
 High School of Commerce may be a Httle surprised 
 to hear that the news of their successful football 
 season was carried cross the ocean, despite the 
 submarines, across a country unknown, to a soldier 
 boy who was anxiously awaiting it, "Somewhere 
 in France." It was through a newspaper which 
 was given to me by a comrade that I saw the 
 big score with which Commerce beat Needham. 
 Louis MacDowell, Commerce, 19 13, who was there 
 at the time, remarked that "Skip" was up to his 
 old tricks. MacDowell is a member of the 104th 
 Infantry Medical Corps, A.E.F, It was through 
 a letter from home that I read of the defeat of 
 Enghsh and the tie game with B.C. High. I wish 
 to congratulate Mr. Sherlock and the High School 
 of Commerce for their champion football team and 
 Ring for his wonderful playing. 
 
 I am sorry that I cannot write all that I would 
 like to because the censor would not pass it. I 
 
 171
 
 172 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 cannot tell what I am doing or what I may do, or 
 even tell much about myself. 
 
 I am quartered in a barn. As the janitor hasn't 
 been looking after the steam heat we are content 
 with the cold of the winter. I was sorry to read 
 in a Boston newspaper that the boys at Ayer were 
 forced to be three hours without steam heat and 
 they have the sympathy of myself and my comrades. 
 
 The first few weeks of our arrival we were content 
 with Canned Willie (corned beef hash) and hard- 
 tack for our "three squares" each day, but now our 
 food is excellent in quality and we have all we 
 desire to eat. The high cost of Turkey didn't worry 
 the boys in France, for their Uncle Sammy was on 
 the job and they had plenty of Turkey for Thanks- 
 giving Day and Christmas. 
 
 It may be interesting for the school to know 
 that John W. Dineen, '14, is also a member of my 
 company. If I hear of any Commerce graduates 
 in France I will send their names to you. I hope 
 that I will hear from the school. 
 
 Extract from Letter of 
 Ralph McCormack, '14 
 
 A TREMENDOUS amount of hard work faces 
 us here at Pensacola before we become full- 
 fledged pilots and wear the coveted wings. Before 
 leaving Key West we mastered thoroughly the art 
 of straight flying and ventured into the realms of
 
 PAUL F. ANDREWS
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 173 
 
 acrobatic flying. Here the most ambitious of us 
 became fairly proficient in "tail spins," "flipper spir- 
 als," "loops" and "reversement," which is the 
 Navy's version of the Immelman turns. I will 
 not attempt to describe the sensation of flying. 
 That has been too well done by the current aviator 
 — journalists. Suffice it to say, that after the first 
 few "solo hops," the novelty soon wears ofl" and 
 from then on "stunt" flying is the only thing 
 that furnishes "the thrill that comes once in a life- 
 time." My only approach to trouble, so far, came 
 on my second "solo." I nose-dived with the "gun 
 on" (motor wide open) to escape venturing into 
 a cloud which at that time represented "no man's 
 land" to me. Consequently I dropped from 3200 
 feet to 1200 feet in less time than it takes to tell 
 about it. Finally I managed to pull out O.K. and 
 so absorbed another lesson in the costly school of 
 experience. 
 
 Letter from Arthur Duffie, '15 
 
 France, Sept. 14, 19 18. 
 Dear Mr. Downey: 
 
 A year ago last April I enfisted in the cavalry, 
 which later became a machine gun outfit. After 
 serving about a year as a machine gunner, I was 
 transferred into the artillery, and I now have charge 
 of two machine guns in the battery. During the 
 last drive I did quite a lot of anti-air craft work with 
 the machine gun, and on several occasions I had the
 
 174 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 pleasure of seeing a hostile plane fall in front of my 
 gun. I have been in France for a year now, and 
 most of that time I have spent at the front. We 
 were engaged in the recent large Franco-American 
 drive, during which our division advanced thirty 
 miles. The "Yankee Division" (26th), which is 
 composed of New England volunteers, has made a 
 great reputation, and has several times been cited 
 by high army officials. 
 
 At present we are in another big offensive which 
 started four days ago. Already we have advanced 
 nearly ten miles and are still going towards Germany. 
 Today I am guarding some ammunition which was 
 left behind when the battery made its last move. 
 I will be glad to get back on the guns tomorrow. 
 
 I believe the turning of the war has come, and 
 from now on Fritz will receive some terrible pun- 
 ishment. We have captured a large number of 
 prisoners the last few days. They were quite old 
 men and were very happy to be captured. They 
 are dressed well and apparently are well fed. I 
 haven't seen a paper for nearly two weeks, so 
 therefore I only know what is happening in our 
 immediate sector.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 175 
 
 Letter from William Pohl, '13 
 
 "Over Here," June 10, 1918. 
 
 Mr. James E. Downey, 
 
 High School of Commerce, 
 Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 Dear Mr. Downey: 
 
 You, no doubt, wouldn't recognize me if we 
 were face to face again and you probably wouldn't 
 recollect my name out of the many hundreds of 
 names contained in the record of the alumni in your 
 office. Nevertheless, I am glad to be one of those 
 who graduated from the High School of Commerce 
 in 1911. 
 
 I picked up a paper from the floor of the local 
 Y.M.C.A. tent this morning and the first thing 
 I saw on it was "Commerce High Helps Drive," 
 and needless to say it held my attention. In the 
 fittle write-up under this was the account of your 
 services in helping the Liberty Loan. 
 
 I also found the first account of the death of 
 three fellow alumni that have been over here. I 
 had no means of knowing how much the school 
 was affected by the war. As for myself, I joined 
 the Mifitia, went to the border in 19 16, and of 
 course got called out again last July and came 
 to France among the first. I've seen some service 
 already as you have doubtless read of the activities 
 of the New England division. I met Harry Horn
 
 176 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 (you are well acquainted with him) in an old town 
 back of the Hues and it was some surprise to me as 
 I didn't know he was even in the service yet. It's 
 strange the way one meets another over here. 
 
 You could make a systematic search for a fellow 
 for months to no avail and presto you bump into 
 him coming around the corner of the trench you 
 are coming through. Harry is in the Artillery and 
 I was very glad to meet him. I only know of one 
 more of the boys being over here and he is Dodge, 
 of the Class of 191 1. He's in the Hospital Corps; 
 I saw him back in Lynnfield when the old 8th was 
 called out. I have not seen him since. I notice a 
 number of the faculty are in the service. I wonder 
 who they are. We are all in it with both feet over 
 here and I know those over there are playing the 
 game too. 
 
 When you expected the young men who went 
 into the world of business to make good you Uttle 
 thought of the bigger job a lot of them are under- 
 taking. I am confident they will all make good 
 in this. 
 
 Co. G, 308th Infantry, 
 January 21, 19 18. 
 Mrs. Henry Andrews, 
 Brookline, Mass. 
 
 Dear Mrs. Andrews: 
 
 When your son, Paul, first came to Camp Upton 
 it was my privilege to give him his preliminary 
 training and I there learned to know him and
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 177 
 
 appreciate his sterling qualities as a soldier and a 
 man. I left the company in June and returned 
 to it in October. It was a great shock to me to 
 learn of your son's death but a source of pride to 
 me to know the way he died. 
 
 He, you know, was in the detachment of Co. G, 
 which was cut off with part of the first battalion, 
 308th Infantry. For six days this group were en- 
 tirely cut off from the rest of the regiment and 
 heroically refused to surrender although subjected 
 to fire from all sides — of machine guns, rifles, trench 
 mortars, and even hand grenades. 
 
 Sergeant Healy, your son's platoon sergeant, 
 tells me that he defended his position fearlessly, 
 volunteered for and conducted dangerous patrols 
 which brought back valuable information, and 
 through his coolness and cheerfulness under the 
 most distressing circumstances helped steady the 
 men in his platoon and keep them nerved for the 
 fight. 
 
 He was killed on October 5, 1918, by a high 
 explosive shell and was buried near where he fell 
 with the other men who paid the great sacrifice 
 in that heroic fight. This is in the Bois de Apre- 
 mont, Foret d'Argonne. His grave is marked with 
 a small wooden cross, which, as Bishop Brent said 
 in the memorial service, was the highest decoration 
 a man could receive. 
 
 Shortly there will be a monument erected at 
 La Haragre, near Verine le Chateau (five miles in 
 the rear of Bois de Apremont), as a memorial to
 
 1 78 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 the men of the 308th Infantry, on which your son's 
 name will be inscribed. 
 
 I have written at length, Mrs. Andrews, because 
 not only do I feel the loss of Paul Andrews as a 
 soldier but also as a friend, as it was a privilege to 
 serve with a man of his character. The men of 
 the company also feel his death very keenly as he 
 was among the most popular in the company. He 
 was known as "Smiling Andrews." 
 With greatest sympathy I am 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 Charles T. Greenwood 
 Cap't ^o8th Infantry 
 Commanding Co. G
 
 ROLL OF HONOR AND RECORD 
 OF SERVICE
 
 The list oj service men represents a determined effort — 
 extending over more than three years — to collect the names 
 of all Commerce men who took part in the War; and not 
 only to collect names, but also to get bold of accurate in- 
 formation concerning the role oj each man in the conflict. 
 The alumni were circularized tbree times; a preliminary 
 list was published in the Tradesman, and to each man 
 on our list was sent a copy of his personal record, thus 
 giving him a chance to rectify errors. In spite of our ef- 
 fort, we have no doubt, some omissions will be discovered, 
 and no doubt, also, some inaccuracies. These we hope 
 will be forgiven in consideration of the fact that we have 
 exhausted all the means within our power to obtain full 
 and exact information.
 
 ROLL OF HONOR 
 
 " Their name liveth Jorevermore" 
 
 FACULTY 
 
 CoRBETT, William B., Second Lieutenant, loist Infantry, 
 A.E.F. Fell near D'Omont Woods at Verdun. 
 
 Kelly, Frank P., C.A.C. 
 
 Mahoney, James R., Lieutenant, Q.M.C. Died No- 
 vember II, 1918. 
 
 ALUMNI 
 
 Abbot, Edmund B. (191 5), Corporal, U.S.A. Died 
 
 October i, 19 18, Camp Johnston. 
 Andrews, Paul F. (ex 19 12), U.S.A., A.E.F. Killed in 
 
 action October, 19 18. 
 
 Cameron, Angus A. {ex 1915), U.S.A. 
 Crowley, Joseph J. (191 2), Quartermaster Sergeant, Base 
 Hospital. Died October 7, 191 8. 
 
 Denton, Gordon (1916), Corporal, loist Artillery* 
 A.E.F. Fell October 31, 191 8, Death Valley, Verdun. 
 
 Donovan, John (191 i), Despatch runner, 58th Infantry. 
 Wounded by shell fragment during Meuse-Argonne
 
 1 82 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 offensive, attempting to procure water for members 
 of his squad. Died from wound Dec. 19, 1919. 
 Awarded victory medal for "Aisnc-Marne," "St. 
 Mihiel," "Meuse-Argonne," and Defensive sector. 
 
 DuFFiE, Arthur (191 5), i02d Machine Gun Bn. Trans- 
 ferred to loist F.A., A.E.F. 
 
 Frank, Frederick (ex 1914), Canadian Signal Corps. 
 Died from wounds Oct. 28, 1918 at Letroport, 
 France. 
 
 Hanlon, Frank S. (ex 1919), U.S.A., A.E.F. Killed in 
 
 action July 15, 191 8. 
 Henry, Andrew A. (ex 19 13), Sergeant, 14th Machine 
 
 Gun Bn. Killed in action October 12, 191 8. 
 Hesford, William (ex 1920), Welsh Fusiliers (British). 
 
 Killed in action at Chateau-Thierry, September 15, 
 
 1918. 
 HiRSHOViTZ, Max (1917), Corporal, 104th Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Killed in action August 5, 191 8. 
 
 James, Edward (ex 19 18). U.S. Marine Corps. Killed 
 in skirmish with bandits in San Domingo. 
 
 Johnson, Francis L. (ex 191 6), U.S.A. Died April 25, 
 1919. 
 
 Kane, Frank G. (1913), 104th Infantry, A.E.F. Killed 
 in action at Apremont, April 13, 191 8. 
 
 Kline, George (ex 19 17), Canadian Volunteers. Killed 
 in action November 14, 19 17, after eight months in 
 trenches.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 183 
 
 McCoRMACK, Ralph L. (1914), Ensign, U.S.N. R.F., Air 
 Service. Drowned in Pensacola Bay, February 7, 
 1919. 
 
 McLaughlin, George (1909), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N. R.F. 
 Died in service, September, 191 8. 
 
 Petts, Robert {ex 19 16), U.S.N. R.F. Died in service. 
 PoHL, William (191 3), 103d Infantry, A.E.F. Killed in 
 action at Chateau-Thierry July 30, 1918. 
 
 Shea, Walter (ex 1916), U.S.A., Air Service. Killed 
 January, 1918. 
 
 Workman, George P. ( 1 9 1 8) , S. A.T.C. Died of influenza, 
 November, 19 18.
 
 RECORD OF SERVICE 
 
 FACULTY 
 
 Casey, John B., M.O.R.S., A.E.F., Army of Occupation. 
 Corliss, James C, First Lieutenant, 71st Artil- 
 lery, CA.C, A.E.F. 
 
 FiHELLY, James E., Canadian Air Service. 
 Fish, Louis J., Ensign, U.S.N. R.F. Transport Service, 
 American and European Waters. 
 
 Green, Vincent, R.R. & C. Service, A.E.F. 
 Grueter, Leo H., Sergeant, First Class, Medical 
 Department. 
 
 Hall, Ernest J., Captain, U.S.A. Camp Morale Officer, 
 Camp Devens. 
 
 Hatheway, Joel, Captain, U.S.A. Stationed in Washing- 
 ton for Special Service on Military Intelligence 
 Division of General Staff. 
 
 Hurley, Frederick, Sergeant, Ordnance Department. 
 Transferred to M.LD. 
 
 McCarthy, Edward J., Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 McDevitt, J. Edward, Jr., Infantry Officers' Training 
 
 School. 
 McLean, Walter. Ensign, U.S.N.R.F., Service in 
 
 Foreign Waters. 
 Mahoney, Thomas E., U.S. Merchant Marine. 
 
 184
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 185 
 
 Post, Edward A,, Proving Grounds Detachment, 
 Bourges, A.E.F. 
 
 Rennison, William J., Ensign, U.S.N., Air Service. 
 
 Snow, Joseph S., Personnel Department, Camp Jack- 
 son, S.C. 
 Sullivan, George M., U.S.A., A.E.F. Wounded. 
 
 Tracy, Roland V., Air Service. 
 Trumbull, Samuel B., Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 ALUMNI 
 
 Albiani, Henry F. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 Alexander, Edward (19 15), loist Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Altenbach, William M. (ex 1918), U.S.A., Air Service. 
 
 Anderson, Carl (1916), Second Lieutenant, U.S.A., Air 
 Service, A.E.F. 
 
 Appel, Leo J. (191 1), First Class Yeoman, U.S.S. 
 Erie. 
 
 Archer, Samuel T., Jr. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Armstrong, Stuart (ex 191 2), U.S.N. 
 
 Artesani, Edward (ex 1920), U.S. Merchant Marine^ 
 
 Atwell, Everett C. (1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Aylward, Harry (ex 191 4), Coast Artillery. 
 
 Aylward, Herbert (ex 19 12), U.S.A. 
 
 Bagnall, Arthur R. (1914), loist Engineers. 26th 
 
 Division, A.E.F. 
 Baird, W. F. (ex 1913), U.S.A. 
 Balch, Malcolm W. (1913), U.S.A.
 
 i86 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Baldwin, Walter C. (1914), Third Class Gunner's Mate' 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. Naval Railway Battery. 
 Ballas, Frank J. (1914), U.S. Merchant Marine. 
 Bamberg, Henry F. (1910), Statistical Department, 
 
 Q.M.C., A.E.F. 
 Barker, Henry F. (ex 1920), U.S.N. Newport. 
 Barry, John J. (1915), Chief Quartermaster, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Atlantic Fleet. 
 Bastable, John E. (1914), 33d Engineers, A.E.F. 
 Bayer, George A. (1914), loist Ammunition Train, 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Beaton, Albert E. (19 17), Corporal, 62d Company, 
 
 U.S. Marine Corps, A.E.F. 
 Beau, Carl W. (191 i), U.S.A. 
 Bell, Charles A. (19 14), Lieutenant, U.S. Marine 
 
 Corps, A.E.F. 
 Belton, Joseph F. (19 16), Corporal, U.S.A. 
 Benker, Frederick W. (1915), S. A.T.C., Boston 
 
 College. 
 Benton, Herbert C. (1914), U.S.A. 
 Berg, Carl A. (1917), S.A.T.C. Boston University. 
 Berman, Benjamin (1916), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 Bernat, Eugene (ex 1914), U.S.A., Medical Corps. 
 Bernstein, Lewis (ex 1917) S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 Birnbach, Nathan (1916), U.S.A. 
 Bishop, Edward L. (ex 191 7), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Black, Edgar L. (191 8), Chauffeur, Motor Transport 
 
 Corps, U.S.A. 
 Black, Harry C (1913), Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Blackwell, Frederick L. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston 
 
 College. 
 Bleet, Abraham (ex 1917), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Bloom, Solomon (ex 1915), U.S.N. 
 Boelhoff, Herbert O. (1917), Quartermaster,U.S.N.R.F.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 187 
 
 BoHLD, Peter Oliver (e.v 1919), Lieutenant, U.S.N., 
 
 Transport Service, Convoy Duty. 
 BoLTZ, William (1913), F.A.R.D., Camp Jackson, S.C. 
 Boyle, John M. (191 5), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Bradley, Bernard (1912), U.S.N. , Intelligence Service. 
 Bragger, James (1914), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Bramback, Arthur N. (ex 191 7), U.S.N. 
 Brand, Edward (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 Braverman, Julius D. (1918), U.S.A. 
 Breen, Henry P. (1910), U.S.A. 
 Brennan, John E. (19 17), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Brennan, William A. {ex 1912), U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 Brien, Donald G. (19 13), Submarine Listener and 
 
 Wireless Operator, U.S.S. Beale, Service in Foreign 
 
 Waters. 
 Briggs, Albert L. (ex 1916), loist Infantry, U.S.A., 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Broders, Charles (191 i), U.S.A. 
 Brody, J. H. (1917), U.S.N.R.F., Tufts College. 
 Brogan, William H. (1915), Second Class Yeoman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 Brooks, Charles J. (191 1), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 Brown, Harold A. (1912), Corporal, loist Infantry, 
 
 U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 Brown, Milton H. (1913), Q.M.C., U.S.A. 
 Brown, Thomas F. (ex 1912), Supply Co. 330, Q.M.C., 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Bryant, Edward H. (19 17), S.A.T.C., Boston Uni- 
 versity. 
 Buckley, Paul A. (ex 1916), U.S. Marine Corps. 
 Buckley, Walter C. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Burke, Edward F. J. (1917), U.S.N. 
 Burke, John M. (ex. 1912), U.S.N.R.F. 
 BuRNHAM, Howard P. (1913), Cavalry, U.S.A.
 
 i88 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Burns, Francis, Jr. (19 13), Ambulance Corps, U.S.A., 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Byrnes, C. J. (ex 191 7), Petty Officer, U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Cadiff, Joseph (1915), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Caffrey, John A. (1918), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Callahan, Leo D. (ex 1910), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Cameron, Amos A. J. (1912), First Musician, U.S.S. 
 
 Virginia, U.S.N. 
 Campbell, Howard J. (ex 19 17), U.S.A. 
 Carder, Nathaniel S. (1916), First Sergeant, 27th F.A., 
 
 U.S.A. 
 Carlson, Elmer R. (1913), U.S.A. 
 Carlton, Edward J. (1915), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Carrol, Thomas (ex 191 2), N.H. Corps. 
 Casey, Walter J. (ex 1914), Field Clerk, U.S.A. 
 Cashing, Willis C. (1914), Ensign, U.S.N. R.F. 
 Cassidy, Joseph P. (1916), Yeoman, U.S.N. R.F. 
 Chafe, Ralph (1913), First Class Yeoman, U.S.N. R.F. 
 Chalmers, Everett (19 13), Headquarters Co., I02d In- 
 fantry, A.E.F. Wounded by shrapnel. 
 Chamberlain, Paul (1910), Q.M.C., U.S.A. 
 Chamow, Harry (1911), Sergeant, Medical Department, 
 
 U.S.A. 
 Chandler, Joseph A. (1916), First Lieutenant, Air 
 
 Service, Rainbow Division, A.E.F. 
 Chester, Harold (ex 191 7), Second Class Seaman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 Christensen, Einar B. H. (1915), Tank Corps, U.S.A. 
 Christmas, Harry T. (ex 1914), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Clancy, John F. (ex 191 2), Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Clark, Joseph W. (19 15), Corporal, 55th Artillery, 
 
 C.A.C., A.E.F. 
 Clark, Raymond (ex 1919), U.S.N.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 189 
 
 Clark, S. E. (1917), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Clarke, Medville (ex 19 12), U.S.A. 
 Cleary, J. W., Jr. (19 1 7), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Cloonan, Thomas J. (1914), First Class Yeoman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 Coffey, John H. (19 18), First Class Yeoman, Navigation 
 
 Department, U.S.S. Dakotan. 
 Coggeshall, James, Jr. (19 13), Lieutenant, Junior Grade, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. Flying Corps. 
 Cohen, Arthur A. (1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Cohen, I. {ex 1918), S.A.T.C, Boston University. 
 Cohen, Maurice (191 i), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Coleman, Ralph (1916), 301st Regiment, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 Collins, Francis X. (1912), Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Collins, Thomas F. (1915), Sergeant Major, U.S.A., 
 
 Camp Devens. 
 CoLviN, Allen S. (191 8), S.A.T.C, Wentworth Institute. 
 Comins, Robert E. (ex 191 6), S.A.T.C, Boston Uni- 
 versity. 
 CoNLEY, Edward M. (191 6), First Class Yeoman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 Connelly, John W. (191 7), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 CoNNERS, Albert E. J. (1918), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 Connor, Eugene (1914), U.S.N. 
 Connor, Maurice A. (191 1), Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 CooGAN, J. Ralston (19 16), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 Corbert, Joseph (ex 191 7), U.S.A. 
 Corbet, Francis (ex 1918), U.S.N. 
 Corley, John L. (ex 1920), U.S.N.R.F. 
 CoRwiN, Mark C (19 15), Second Class Yeoman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 CoRwiN, Norman E. (19 13), Corporal, First Balloon Co., 
 
 A.E.F. 
 CosTELLO, Walter (19 12). U.S.A., Camp Devens.
 
 I90 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 CouGHLAN, Frank (1916), Sergeant, U.S.A., Q.M.C. 
 
 CouNTiE, Ralph L. (191 2), U.S.A. 
 
 Coy, Ralph (ex 1919), U.S.A. 
 
 Craig, Cilarles (ex 1919), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 
 Crane, Thomas {ex 1918), U.S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Craven, William J. (ex 1914), loist Ambulance Corps, 
 A.E.F. Cited for extraordinary heroism in action at 
 Wadonville, France. 
 
 Creighton, William (ex 1918), U.S.N. 
 
 Cronin, Timothy H. (1914), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Cronin, Walter (1910), U.S.A. 
 
 Crosby, William F. (ex 191 7), U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S. 
 Georgia. 
 
 Crovo, Augustus S. (1915), S..A.TC., Wentworth In- 
 stitute. 
 
 Crowell, Stewart P. (191 8), U.S.N.R.F,, Tufts 
 College. 
 
 Crowley, Edward J. (ex 1914), Lieutenant, loist In- 
 fantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Crowley, J. E. (ex 1916), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 
 Cullinan, Michael (1916), Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Cummings, John T. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Cunningham, Edward (1910), 301st Infantry, U.S.A., 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Cunningham, Thomas J. (1914), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 
 Cunningham, William C. (19 13), Sergeant, Medical De- 
 partment, Third Pioneer Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 CuRLEY, Albert J. (19 15), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Curley, William F. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 CuRTiN, Frederick W. (1913), U.S.N.R.F., Flying 
 Corps. 
 
 CusACK, David J. (ex 1914), Corporal, C.A.C., A.E.F. 
 
 Cusack, James (ex 19 18), C.A.C.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 191 
 
 Dacey, Jeremiah J. {ex 19 19), Radio Operator, Tank 
 
 Service. 
 Dailey, Charles (ex 191 2), Sergeant, 26th Division, 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Daires, Joseph F. (191 7), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 Daisey, Edward F. (e.v 1918), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Daley, George A. (ex 1919), 56th Balloon Co., U.S.A. 
 Daley, William (1913), Ensign, U.S.N. 
 Dalton, Edward (191 2), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 Dalton, James N. (1916), U.S.N. R.F., Air Service. 
 Damon, Ernest A. (1910), U.S.A., Q.M.C. 
 Dana, Henry L. (1915), Hospital Apprentice, U.S.N. R.F. 
 Daniels, Harry (1914), Sergeant, Medical Corps, 12th 
 
 Division. 
 Darrell, Herbert H. (1912), U.S.A., Q.M.C. 
 Davies, Joseph F. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston College 
 Davis, Arthur C. (191 6), First Class Seaman, U.S.N. 
 Davis, Nathan (1916), First Class Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F., 
 
 European Waters. 
 Davis, William (1915), Hospital Ambulance, A.E.F. 
 DeCourcy, Alfred (191 2), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 Deery, Edward M. (1917), U.S.N. R.F. 
 DeFreytas, Edward B. (ex 1916), U.S.N. R.F., Air 
 
 Service. 
 Delahunt, Richard W. (1915), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 DeVeer, Robert (1917), U.S.A., Fort Logan, Colo. 
 Devine, Charles G. (191 5), Yeoman, U.S.N. Con- 
 nected with Naval Staff at Peace Conference. 
 Diamond, Charles R. (ex 1918), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 DiCKHAUT, Edward (ex 19 19), Medical Corps, Third 
 
 Pioneer Infantry, A.E.F. 
 Di GiAcoMO, John (19 17), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Dillon, Kenneth (1916), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Dillon, William A. (ex 1918), U.S.N.
 
 192 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 DiNNEEN, John W. (1914). U.S.A. 
 
 DiNNEEN, Joseph F. (1915), Second Lieutenant, U.S.A., 
 Infantry. 
 
 DoBREiN, Edward (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 Dodge, C. E. (ex 191 1), Hospital Corps, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 
 DoHERTY, Ellis E. (1917), U.S.A. 
 
 DoHERTY, Thomas F. (19 14), First Class Electrician, 
 U.S.N. R.F., Submarine Chaser Detachment, Medi- 
 terranean Waters. 
 
 DoLAN, Jerome C. (191 5), First Class Yeoman,U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 DoLAN, Leonard (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 DoLAN, Thomas F. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 DoLAN, Walter L. (1914), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 DoLPH, Fred (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 Donahue, James F. (ex 1920), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 DoNAVAN, Thomas J. (1913), Lieutenant, U.S.A. 
 
 DoNLAN, Arthur (1913), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 DoNLAN, Edmond J. (1917), Chief Ycoman, U.S.N. R.F. , 
 U.S.S. Worden. 
 
 DoNNARUMA, Caesar (cx 1914), Gun Pointer, U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Donnelly, John J. (191 1), First Lieutenant, Sunset 
 Division, A.E.F. 
 
 Donoghue, John S. (19 14), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Donovan, Edward A. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Donovan, Edward M. (1915), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Donovan, George H. (191 3), Hospital Sergeant, Medical 
 Department, U.S.A. 
 
 Donovan, Michael (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Donovan, Paul (ex 19 14), loist Regiment, U.S.A. 
 
 Downey, Thomas (1916), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Downey, Walter (1917), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Downing, J. M,, Jr. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Doyle, Edmund F. (ex 19 14), Air Service. 
 
 Doyle, John (ex 191 8), C.A.C.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 193 
 
 Doyle, Peter (1909), U.S.A. 
 
 Doyle, Thomas E. (191 i), U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S. Calvin 
 
 Austin. 
 Doyle, Winfred (1912), Ensign, U.S.N. R.F. 
 Drea, John J. (191 1), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Driscoll, James U. (1918), U.S.N.R.F., Boston College. 
 Driscoll, Thomas P. (i9i7)» S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Driscoll, William F. (ex 19 14), Sergeant, Signal Corps, 
 
 U.S.A. 
 Druan, E. D. (1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Duffy, John J. (19 18), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 DuGAN, Raymond T. (1911), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 DuNKEL, William O. (ex 191 3), Sergeant, Q.M.C. Water- 
 
 vliet Arsenal, N.Y. 
 
 Eaton, John H., Jr. (1915), Second Lieutenant, U.S.A., 
 Infantry. 
 
 Edmonds, Sidney W. (1915), Captain, M.T.C., A.E.F. 
 Citation for Meritorious Service. 
 
 Egan, Edward L. (1917), U.S.N. Died January 14, 1921. 
 
 Eldridge, Charles F. (19 15), Chief Yeoman, U.S.S. 
 Charleston, Atlantic Fleet. 
 
 Elliot, Edgar M. (191 3), Corporal, U.S.A. 
 
 Emery, George A. (1911), Sergeant, First Class, Medical 
 Department, 26th Division, A.E.F. 
 
 Enroth, Peter (19 14), First Class Sergeant, Q.M.C, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Erickson, Elmer (191 2), Chief Yeoman, Supply Depart- 
 ment, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Fairfield, Edward (1913), First Lieutenant, Pilot, Air 
 
 Service. 
 Fales, Nelson (ex 1913), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Farrenkopf, Rudolph (191 7), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F.
 
 194 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Ferreira, Ralph A. (1917), Hospital Corps, Commercy, 
 
 France. 
 Ferrer, Edwin R. (ex 1912), U.S.N. 
 Ferry, Francis P. (1914), Sergeant, U.S.A. Engineer 
 
 Property Department. 
 Ferry, John J. (ex 191 1), Central Office, Machine Gun 
 
 School, U.S.A. 
 Fields, Douglas (ex 1916), 503CI Aero Squadron, U.S.A. 
 Finnegan, Leo (ex 1916), Sergeant, Field Signal Bn., 
 
 4th Div., Regular Army, A.E.F. 
 Finney, William A. (ex 1919). 
 
 Fishel, Albert L (1912), Supply Co. 314, Q.M.C., U.S.A. 
 Fishel, Raymond C. (191 i), Sergeant, Q.M.C., A.E.F. 
 
 Died April 18, 192 1. 
 Fisher, M. R. (191 i), 36th Machine Gun Brigade, 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Fitzgerald, John J. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 Fitzgerald, Paul (191 2), 250th Aero Squadron, U.S.A. 
 Fitzgerald, William J. (1913), Second Lieutenant, Fly- 
 ing Section, Air Service, U.S.A. 
 Fitzpatrick, Arthur D. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Flynn, Allan (ex 191 5), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 Flynn, William H. (ex 1912). 
 Follen, Francis O. (19 14), Sergeant, Supply Train, 
 
 78th Division, A.E.F. 
 Ford, Daniel (ex 1913), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Ford, Thomas B. (19 17), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Foss, Carl (1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Foss, Herbert H. (1916), A. B. Seaman, U.S.N. 
 Foye, Harold B. (1914), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 Freedman, Edward (191 3), 22d Machine Gun Brigade, 
 
 Camp Fremont. 
 Freeley, J. Edward (ex 1917), U.S.A., Air Service. 
 Friedman, Abraham (1916), U.S.N.R.F.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 195 
 
 Friedman, Frank S, (1916), Second Class Petty OfFicer, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 Froom, Paul (ex 19 16), 626 Company, U.S. Marine 
 
 Corps, A.E.F. 
 
 Galligan, Joseph J. (1916), 26th Division, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 Gassed at Chateau-Thierry. Wounded by machine- 
 gun bullets at Verdun. 
 
 Gardner, Russel (1915), U.S.A. 
 
 Gately, Joseph M. (19 18), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Gavin, Albert (1915), U.S.A. 
 
 Gavin, Arthur L. (ex 1914), Bn. Sergeant Major, In- 
 fantry, 26th Division, A.E.F. 
 
 Gavin, Walter (ex 1916), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 
 Geary, Thomas F. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Geissler, Frederick E. (ex 191 4), U.S.A. 
 
 Geoghegan, Lawrence (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Gholman, Nathan (ex 191 5), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 GiLFOY, Richard (ex 1919), Canadian Volunteers. 
 
 Gill, Francis J. (19 16), Corporal, Tank Corps, U.S.A. 
 
 Gillespie, David (1913), 6th Engineers, 3d Division, 
 A.E.F. Wounded at Avancourt. 
 
 Gillis, Allan (ex 1919), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Gillis, John A. (ex 1917), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Gilpin, Norman J, W. (1917), Corporal, S.A.T.C., 
 Harvard. 
 
 Ginsberg, Robert M. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Gleason, Thomas (1914), U.S.A. 
 
 Glover, Thomas J. (ex 1919), U.S.A. 
 
 Godfrey, Harold F. (ex 191 5), Special Agent, Military 
 Intelligence Division, Dept. of the Northeast. 
 
 Goldenberg, Isaac A. (1918), U.S.A., Signal Corps. 
 
 Goldings, Barry J. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 Goldhrand, Harry (ex 191 1), U.S.A.
 
 196 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Goldman, William (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 GoLDRiCK, John J. (ex 1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Goldsmith, Isaac R. (191 i), Sergeant, U.S.A., Q.M.C. 
 
 Goldstein, Alfred H. (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 GooDE, Edward F. (1917), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Goodman, Irving (1916), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 
 GooKiN, James A., Jr. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Gordon, David (191 6), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 GoREY, Andrew F. J. (1916), U.S.A. 
 
 Gorman, Joseph H. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston University 
 
 Gormley, Andrew J. (1915), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 
 Gormley, Frederic (1914), Supply Sergeant, U.S.A. 
 
 Gormley, Henry (1910), U.S.A. 
 
 Goulart, George E. (ex 1918), 103d Infantry, U.S.A., 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Gould, George E. (1917), Sergeant, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 Wounded. 
 
 Graham, Edward S. (191 6), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 Graham, Frederick J. (1916), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 
 Grandberg, Leon (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Grant, Frederick J. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 
 Green, John F. (ex 1912), Second Lieutenant, 151st D.B., 
 U.S.A. 
 
 Griffin, John F. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 
 Grimm, Harry H. (191 i). Second Lieutenant, Q.M.C, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Grunt, Benjamin (19 17), S.A.T.C, Boston University. 
 
 Gunning, Gerald I. (ex 191 4), Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Guttentag, Samuel A. (1914), Sergeant, 71st Artil- 
 lery, CA.C 
 
 Hackett, N. R. (1918), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 Hagerty, William J. (191 3), Second Lieutenant, Air 
 Service.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 197 
 
 Hale, Edwin D. (1912), U.S.A. 
 
 Halliday, Hugh J. (i9i4)» U.S.A. 
 
 Hannon, Robert E. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Hanson, George (1915), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Hargraves, Frederick (ex 1914), Lieutenant, 26th In- 
 fantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Harkins, Herbert J. (1914), Corporal, U.S.A., Camp 
 Devens. 
 
 Harrington, John A. {ex 19 18), 69th Regiment, U.S.A. 
 
 Harrington, Thomas {ex 1920), U.S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Harris, Joel G. (191 i). Second Lieutenant, Air Service, 
 Reserve Military Aviation. 
 
 Hart, Charles (1915), U.S.N. 
 
 Hartnett, Joseph L. (19 16), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Harvey, Maurice {ex 191 4), Surgeon's Asst., Medical 
 Corps, A.E.F. 
 
 Harvey, Roger (191 i), U.S.A., Q.M.C. 
 
 Hayden, Clarence L. {ex 1917), Signalman, U.S.N.R.F., 
 U.S.S. Louisiana. 
 
 Hayes, George P. (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Hayes, James E. (1910), Q.M. Sergeant, Q.M.C, A.E.F. 
 
 Hayes, John (191 6), loist Infantry, A.E.F. Wounded 
 and lost a leg. 
 
 Hayes, Timothy M. (1912), Air Service. 
 
 Hayes, William (ex 191 8), U.S.A. 
 
 Heath, Irving J. (1908), Second Lieutenant, Air Service. 
 
 Heeger, Paul (1916), Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Hefferman, George (1914), 26th Division, A.E.F. 
 
 Hegarty, Jeremiah J. (1917), U.S.A. 
 
 Hegarty, Richard P. (1917), U.S.N.R.F., Tufts. 
 
 Heiler, Nathan (1914), First Class Musician, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Heller, Herman (1916), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Henderson, Howard W. (1914), Sergeant, Q. M. De- 
 tachment, A.P.O., A.E.F.
 
 198 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Hendrie, R. E. (1917), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Hendry, Joseph W. (191 5), First Class Gunner; active 
 service on various fronts; afterwards Auditor, Sub- 
 sistance Branch Accounts Division, France. 
 
 Hener, Frank (1913), U.S.N. 
 
 Hennessey, Charles (ex 19 12), Ordnance Department, 
 U.S.A. 
 
 Hennessey, E. L. (1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Hennig, Herman C. (ex 191 7), S.A.T.C., Amherst, 
 
 Hersey, Henry H. (1914), Tank Corps, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 
 HoADLEY, Thomas (19 13), U.S.A. 
 
 Holland, Richard G. (1918), U.S.N. 
 
 Hookway, Harold (191 2), Medical Corps. 
 
 Hooper, Harold (191 3), Medical Corps, loist Engi- 
 neers, A.E.F. 
 
 Horn, Albert M. (191 1), Captain, Sanitary Corps, A.E.F. 
 
 Horn, Harry E. (1913), Corporal, loist Field Artil- 
 lery, A.E.F. 
 
 HoRwiTZ, Julius A. (1917), First Class Sergeant, U.S.A., 
 Air Service. 
 
 HouT, Edward G. (1917), U.S.A. 
 
 Howley, Frank (ex 1919), U.S. Marine Corps. 
 
 HowLEY, Joseph P. (ex 191 7), U.S.N. R.F., U.S.S. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Hughes, Llewellyn A. (191 5), Field Artillery, A.E.F. 
 
 Hunt, John (ex 1918), U.S.A. 
 
 Hurley, John H. (ex 1916), Field Signal Bn., A.E.F., 
 Army of Occupation. 
 
 Hyland, William C. (19 13), Corporal, Provost Guard, 
 Camp Hancock, Ga. 
 
 Hyman, Melvin (ex 19 16), Annapolis. 
 
 Ireland, Henry P. (191 1), 212th Field Artillery, Signal 
 Corps.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 199 
 
 Irons, Gordon F. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Jacobs, Samuel {ex 19 16), Third Class Storekeeper, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S. Crane. 
 Jacobs, Victor (1918), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Jacobson, Harold (ex 1920), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Jacobson, Norman C. (191 6), Naval Radio Band. 
 Jensen, Arthur T. (191 5), U.S.A. 
 Jesseau, Henry (19 12), Q. M. Sergeant, Q.M.C. 
 Johnson, Edward (ex 19 16), U.S.A. 
 Johnson, Harold N. (191 3), U.S.A., C.A.C. 
 Joyce, Ernest (1914), U.S.N. R.F., U.S.S. Drake. 
 
 Kammler, Walter F. (191 5), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Kane, Michael J. (ex 1914), U.S.A. 
 
 Kane, Thomas H., Jr. (1914), U.S.A. 
 
 Keane, T. R. (191 6), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Keegan, George F. (ex 19 17), Second Class Quarter- 
 master, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Keegan, John P. (1915) Ensign, U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S. 
 Maui. 
 
 Kelley, Francis X. (ex 191 1), Second Lieutenant, 
 U.S.M.C.R., Quantico, Va. 
 
 Kelley, Theodore R. (191 i), 44th Artillery, C.A.C, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Kendrick, Joseph (191 5), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 
 Kenneally, John F. (19 16), First Class Sergeant, Trans- 
 portation Corps, A.E.F. 
 
 Kennedy, John J. (1913), U.S.N. 
 
 Kenney, Edward A. (1914), U.S.N. 
 
 Kerr, J. E. (191 2), First Lieutenant, Royal Air Force 
 (formerly Sergeant MacLean Highlanders), Canadian 
 Army. 
 
 Kerrigan, Joseph (1919), U.S.A., C.A.C.
 
 200 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 KiLEY, Joseph (ex 191 2), U.S.A. 
 
 KiLHAM, Charles R. (191 7), U.S. Marine Corps, San 
 
 Domingo. 
 KiMPEL, Fred E. (ex 191 8), U.S.A., Air Service. 
 King, Edward (1912), U.S.A. 
 Kingsbury, Kenneth (ex 1918), U.S.N. 
 Kinsley, A. Thomas (1919), U.S.N.R.F. 
 KiRBY, Donald R. (ex 1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 KiTTREDGE, Frank (ex 1912), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F., 
 
 U.S.S. America. 
 Knowles, Edward J. (ex 1920), Canteen Service, Red 
 
 Cross. 
 KoHLER, Otto H. (191 2), U.S.A., Ordnance, Raritan 
 
 Arsenal, N.J. 
 Krop, Benjamin (19 16), Chief Stenographer, Boston 
 
 Army Supply Base; afterwards Sergeant, Tufts 
 
 S.A.T.C. 
 
 Laffey, Thomas W. (1912), U.S.A. 
 
 Lahaise, Arthur (ex 191 7), loist Artillery, A.E.F. 
 
 Laird, Noel (191 6), Corporal, U.S. Tank Corps, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Lamb, Herbert W. (ex 191 7), S.A.T.C., Bowdoin. 
 
 Landers, Robert P. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Lane, Henry T. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Lane, Joseph V. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Lane, Martin J. (1917), Corporal, 198th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Laneigan, John (ex 19 13), loist Regiment, A.E.F. 
 
 Lang, Edward P. (191 2), Medical Detachment, loist 
 F.A., A.E.F. Wounded July 15, 1918. 
 
 Larkin, James W. (1914), U.S.A., C.A.C. 
 
 Lavery, Herbert A. (1909), Corporal, Medical Detach- 
 ment, 304th Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Lavery, Michael J. (191 3), U.S.A.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 201 
 
 Lawton, Henry T. (191 7), First Class Yeoman, 
 U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S. Black Hawk, Atlantic Fleet. 
 
 Leary, Daniel F. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Leary, James H. {ex 191 5), U.S.N. 
 
 Leary, John G. (1918), U.S.N. 
 
 Leary, Joseph A. (191 2), Ensign, U.S.N. 
 
 Leavitt, Arthur M. (1912), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Leavitt, Hyman (191 7), C.A.C., O.T.C. 
 
 Lee, John (1914), Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Legge, Charles F. (ex 191 5), First Sergeant, Transport 
 Corps. 
 
 Legge, Robert S. R. (ex 19 16), Supply Sergeant, 
 M.G. Co., 104th Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Lennehan, Charles H. (ex 1914), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Leonard, Eugene A. (ex 1912), loist Infantry, A.E.F. 
 Wounded at Chateau-Thierry and at Meuse-Argonne. 
 Mentioned for conspicuous bravery. 
 
 Leonard, Francis M. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 LeProhon, Benjamin (ex 191 6), Lieutenant, Canadian 
 Volunteers. 
 
 Levin, Israel A. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 Levine, Barnard (1914), U.S.A. 
 
 Levine, S. J. (1916), S.N.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Levins, Nichols J. (1918), U.S.N. 
 
 Lewis, Lawrence J. (1916), U.S.N., Air Service. 
 
 Lewis, Thomas (ex 1914), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 LiBERMAN, Lawrence L. (1914), Storekeeper, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 LiCHAUCO, Joseph (191 7), Cavalry, Canadian Volun- 
 teers. 
 
 Lindsay, Archibald (1914), loist Engineers, A.E.F. 
 
 Locke, Jacob (1914), U.S.N., U.S.S. Valeski. 
 
 Long, James D. (191 i). Second Lieutenant, U.S.A., 
 Q.M.C. 
 
 Looney, James J. (1918), 53d Balloon Co.
 
 202 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 LoTHROP, Edgar T. (19 14), Chief Yeoman, Submarine 
 
 Service, U.S.N. Still in service. 
 Lowe, Allen A. {ex 1910), U.S.A. 
 
 LuBOFSKY, David G. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 LuGTON, Albert {ex 1917), U.S.A., Air Service Depot. 
 Lydon, Michael A. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Lynch, John E. (1910), loist Infantry, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 Lynch, Peter J. (1914) U.S.A. 
 Lyons, Thomas (1910), U.S.A. 
 
 McAuLiFFE, Andrew M. (1912), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McAuLiFFE, James E. (1911), U.S.N. 
 
 McCabe, John (1917), U.S.N.R.F., Fort Slocum, N.Y. 
 
 McCarter, Horace {ex 191 5), U.S.A. 
 
 McCarthy, Charles R. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 McCarthy, George {ex 19 14), Sergeant, Artillery, 26th 
 Division, A.E.F. 
 
 McCarthy, Henry J. (1916), S.A.T.C, Holy Cross. 
 
 McCarthy,William(i9I7), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service, N.Y. 
 
 McCarthy, William F. (1910), U.S.A. 
 
 McCluskey, John T. (1917), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McClusky, Peter (1915), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McClutchy, Harold J. (1916), 103d Field Artillery, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 McDermott, Charles M. (191 3), Q.M.C., U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 
 McDevitt, J. Edward, Jr. (1914), Infantry Officers* 
 Training School. 
 
 McDonald, Edward W. (1914), U.S.N. , U.S.S. Yacoma. 
 
 McDonald, William F. (ex 1915), U.S.A. 
 
 McDowell, Lewis (191 3) Medical Service, I02d Regi- 
 ment, A.E.F. 
 
 McElaney, Leo F. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 
 McEnany, Charles H. (1913), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McFarlin, R. E. (1915), S.A.T.C, Harvard.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 203 
 
 McGeary, Joseph W. {ex 1912), U.S.N. 
 
 McGiLVRAY, Joseph {ex 19 19), U.S.A. 
 
 McGoNiGLE, George E. (1916), loist Field Artillery, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 McGovERN, Charles J., Jr. (19 15), Chief Yeoman, 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McGrath, John L. (191 i). Signal Corps, U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 
 McGuE, Joseph (191 2), U.S.N.R.F., Stationed in Scot- 
 land. 
 
 MacIntyre, Henry N. (191 2), U.S.A., C.A.C., Fort 
 Adams, R.I. 
 
 McKelvey, Harold W. (ex 19 19), First Class Quarter- 
 master, U.S.N.R.F., Destroyer and Mine Forces in 
 Foreign Waters. 
 
 McKiLLOP, James J., Jr. (191 5), Quartermaster, U.S.A. 
 
 McLaughlin, Bernard (1910), Air Service. 
 
 McLaughlin, Eugene (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McLaughlin, George F. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston Col- 
 lege. 
 
 McLaughlin, John (191 i), U.S.N. 
 
 McLaughlin, Leo A. (1915), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 McLeod, John (1914), Medical Corps, U.S.A. 
 
 McManus, Arthur {ex 191 7), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 McManus, Charles F. (1915), Corporal, 55th Artillery^ 
 A.E.F. 
 
 McMullen, Francis C. (1916,) S.A.T.C., BostorL 
 College. 
 
 McNamara, Charles (191 5), U.S.N. 
 
 McNealy, J. A. (1917), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 McNeil, Donald, (1916) U.S. Marine Corps. 
 
 McPhee, John J. (ex 191 7), U.S.A. Died October lo^ 
 1918. 
 
 McQuADE, John (ex 191 7), Medical Corps, U.S.A.. 
 
 McSweeney, George (ex 1913), U.S.A.
 
 204 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Mackay, C. Gordon (191 5), U.S.N. R.F., Boston Navy 
 
 Yard. 
 Mackay, Norman (1915), 104th Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Wounded at Verdun, losing a leg. 
 Madden, Richard (ex 1922) U.S.N.R.F, 
 Magaldi, John B. (1912), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Maginot, Emil J. (1914), U.S.A., Air Service. Flying 
 
 Cadet. 
 Mahoney, Francis X. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Mais, Robert A. {ex 1917), Artillery, U.S.A. 
 Mallard, J. A. (1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Malloy, James L. (191 5), Candidate Officer, O.T.C., 
 
 Camp Lee, Va. 
 Maloney, Eugene T. (1916), S.A.T.C. 
 Mantle, Joseph P. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 Marcus, Edward A. (1913), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Margeson, George L. (19 13), Sergeant, Supply Co., 
 
 301st Regiment, A.E.F. 
 Marr, John F., Jr. (1913), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 Marshall, Carl (ex 1918), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 Martin, Leslie (191 i). First Sergeant, U.S.A., Infantry. 
 Maskowitz, George L. (1912), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 Mason, Embert E. (1912), First Sergeant, Signal Corps, 
 
 U.S.A., Camp Funston. 
 Mathiau, Louis (1916), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 May, William (ex 1913), Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Meade, David J. (1910), Sergeant, Fire, Hose and Truck 
 
 Co., Q.M.C 
 Medlin, Joseph (191 7), Royal Canadian Navy, 
 
 H.M.CS., Malaspina. 
 Meikle, William M. (1916), Corporal, S.A.T.C, 
 
 Harvard. 
 Mencke, Herbert F. (1914), S.A.T.C, Boston Uni- 
 versity 
 Mendrie, Joseph (1915), U.S.A., CA.C
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 205 
 
 Merchant, William H. (191 3), Medical Corps, 74th 
 Infantry, Camp Devens. 
 
 Mertin, Arthur (1914), U.S.A. 
 
 Miller, Charles F. (1915), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Miller, Frederic J. (ex 1917), U.S.A. 
 
 Miller, Harry (ex 191 2), Second Lieutenant, U.S.A., 
 A.E.F., R.R. & C. Service. 
 
 Miller, Herbert H. (191 7), U.S.N. 
 
 Miller, Samuel (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston University, 
 
 MoNAGHAN, Cornelius L. (ex 1918), U.S.N. , U.S.S. Georgia. 
 
 Moore, Raymond W. (1913), U.S.A., Camp Sevier. 
 
 MoRAN, Edward L. (19 17), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 MoRAN, Frank (1910), 317th Field Bn., Signal Corps. 
 
 MoRAN, Patrick F. (191 i), Lieutenant, U.S.A. 
 
 MoRiN, Hardie R. (1914), Warrant (P.C), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Morrill, Wilber H. (1910), Captain, 356th Infantry, 
 89th Division, A.E.F., Army of Occupation. 
 
 Morrissey, David F. (191 5), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 
 MowLES, Daniel (1918), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 
 MuLCAHY, Charles J. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 MuLCAHY, Francis L. (ex 191 7), Gunnery Sergeant, 
 U.S. Marine Corps. 
 
 MuLDOON, James (1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 MuLLANE, Edward D. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Mullane, Eugene F. (1915), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Mullen, George J. (19 17), Boston College, S.A.T.C. 
 
 Murphy, Francis (1913), U.S.A. 
 
 Murphy, George A. {ex 1919), S.A.T.C, Boston Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Murphy, James (19 18), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 
 Murphy, Walter (191 4), Army Field Clerk, 26th 
 Division, A.E.F. 
 
 Murphy, William J. (1916), U.S.A.
 
 2o6 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Myron, Albert B. (1914), Second Lieutenant, U.S. In- 
 fantry. 
 
 Napolitano, Pasquale (1913), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 
 Neary, William F. (191 5), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Needham, Thomas H. (1918), U.S.A., Infantry. 
 
 Newman, Ralph J. (1917), U.S.A. 
 
 Nicholson, Thomas (ex 191 8), Air Service. 
 
 NiELSON, Christian H. (ex 1913), Radio Operator, U.S.N. 
 
 Noble, William H. T. (ex 19 18), S.A.T.C, Boston Col- 
 lege, 
 
 Nolan, Arthur F. (1918), S.A.T.C, Holy Cross. 
 
 NooNAN, Thomas J. (ex 191 6). 
 
 Norton, Joseph (191 i), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 
 Norton, Thomas (19 13), 639th Aero Squadron, 26th 
 Division, A.E.F. 
 
 Norton, William E. (ex 191 6), Battery B, 55th Artil- 
 lery, A.E.F. 
 
 O'Brien, Charles J. (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 O'Brien, Cornelius F. (1916), S.A.T.C. 
 
 O'Brien, Everett (ex 1918), U.S.N. 
 
 O'Brien, William P. (1916), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 
 O'Connell, Charles (ex 1919), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 
 O'DoNNELL, Hugh E. (191 5), First Class Midshipman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 O'Keefe, Arthur J. (1916), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 O'Meara, Stephen (ex 1913), Lieutenant, U.S.A., Camp 
 
 Devens. 
 O'Neil, Arthur D. (ex 19 12), First Class Sergeant, 
 
 647th Aero Squadron, A.E.F. 
 O'Neil, Bernard F. (1917), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 O'Neill, John R. (ex 191 1), U.S.A., Signal Corps. 
 O'Neill, John T. (1915), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Orlov, David (1911), U.S.N.R.F., Foreign Waters.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 207 
 
 Orlov, Lawrence (1916), Army Field Clerk, Q.M.C., 
 
 U.S.A. 
 O'Shea, a. a. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 OsTEMAN, Lester A. (1912), Second Class Musician, 
 
 59th F. A. Band. 
 Oswald, Paul J. (1918), U.S.N. 
 
 Parker, Robert E. (1914), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Parnes, Hyman (1916). 
 
 Patnode, F. L (19 1 7), Harvard S.A.T.C. 
 
 Pearce, Frederick (1910), Captain, Personnel Branch, 
 
 Transportation Service. 
 Petitti, John F. (191 8), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 Petrocelli, Phillip A, (ex 191 7), S.A.T.C, Boston 
 
 College. 
 Petts, Donald L (ex 191 5), U.S.A., Q.M.C, Camp 
 
 Upton, N.Y. 
 Phalon, Edward F. (19 12). 
 Phillips, Russell A. (1908), Electrician, LLS.N., 
 
 U.S.S. Palmer. 
 Pierce, Clifford A. (19 10), 5th Sanitary Train, 5th 
 
 Division, U.S.A. 
 Pierce, Frank F. (1914), U.S.N. 
 
 Pike, Leslie A. {ex 191 7), S.A.T.C, Boston University. 
 Pinkham, Emery S. (1916), U.S.A. 
 PiNKHAM, William (19 17), Corporal, loist Engineers, 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Plumer, Basil N. (1908), U.S.A. 
 Podren, Phillip (ex 1916), U.S.A., Q.M.C 
 PoLAK, Henry (1910), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Porter, Robert N. (1916), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 PouLLMAN, Bernard (191 i). First Lieutenant, U.S.A. 
 Powers, Thomas J. (1913), U.S.A. 
 Prentiss, Leslie H. (191 i), Y.M.C.A. Secretary,
 
 2o8 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 PuBLicovER, Harold A. (19 15), 87th Aero Squadron, 
 
 Signal Corps, U.S.A. 
 PuRDY, Eugene W. (ex 1919), 42d Infantry, U.S. A 
 PuRDY, Wilton F. (ex 1920), U.S.A. 
 
 Recomendes, Frank (1914), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Recomendes, Joseph (1917), U.S.N. 
 
 Regan, John E. (19 16), Corporal, Machine Gun Bn., 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Regan, Joseph L. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Reilly, Norbert J. (ex 1910), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Renfrew, W. Howard (1912), French Artillery Air 
 Service. Graduate of French Artillery School at 
 Fontainebleau with rank of Aspirant. 
 
 Reynolds, Thomas D. (1914), 29th C.A.C., U.S.A. 
 
 Ripley, Joseph (1912), Corporal, U.S. Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Ripley, Scott (ex 191 3), U.S.A., Medical Corps. 
 
 RiTTENBERG, David (1916), Mcdical Corps, A.E.F. 
 
 Roach, Francis N. (19 17), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Roberts, Chester W. (191 4) Lieutenant, Field Artil- 
 lery, A.E.F. 
 
 Roberts, Otis R. H. (ex 1916), U.S.N., Naval Operating 
 Base, Signal Unit T. 
 
 Robertson, Richard F. (1912), First Class Quarter- 
 master, U.S.N.R.F., U.S.S.C. 263, European Waters. 
 
 Robertson, Robert S. (1912), Sergeant, 9th Field Ar- 
 tillery. 
 
 Robinson, Chester A. (1913), U.S.N.R.F., Radio Service. 
 
 Rockwell, Llewellyn H. (191 3), First Lieutenant, M.C. 
 
 Rockwell, Ralph (1915), Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 RoDGERS, Frank (ex 1916), loist Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 RoDGERS, Leslie J. (1911), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 
 RoEMER, William J. (1914), Second Lieutenant, In- 
 fantry, A.E.F.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 209 
 
 RoGAN, James (1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Rogers, Grant (191 7). 
 
 Rosen, Jacob (1912), Sergeant, U.S.A., Q.M.C. 
 Rosenberg, Edward (1914), Medical Corps, A.E.F. 
 Ross, Alfred G. (1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 RoTHWELL, Paul T. (1914), Captain, Infantry, U.S.A. 
 Rowen, Edward J. (1912), U.S.A., Air Service. 
 RuEL, F. W. (1914), Yeoman, U.S.N.R.F. 
 RuissEAU, Harold C. (191 5), Ensign, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Russell, William E. (1915), Q.M.C, A.E.F. 
 Ryan, Joseph (191 2), Ambulance Corps. 
 Ryan, William J. (1916), Artillery, U.S.A. 
 
 St. Laurent, George E. (ex 19 18), loist Engineers, 
 
 A.E.F. 
 Sallaway, George H. (191 2), Senior Supply Officer, 
 
 U.S.S. Alloway, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Sandberg, William C. (1910), Second Lieutenant, 
 
 Philippine Scouts. 
 Sandilands, John J. (1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Sandler, Simon (ex 19 17), U.S.A. 
 Sargent, John (191 7), Chief Yeoman, U.S.N., Convoy 
 
 Service, European Waters. 
 Sassone, Charles (191 8), U.S.N. 
 Saunders, Joseph H. (191 3), U.S.N. , U.S.S. Columbia. 
 Sawyer, Anson E. (1915), Sergeant, loist Engineers, 
 
 26th Division, A.E.F. 
 Scanlon, George A. (ex 19 12), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Schwelm, Charles {ex 19 16), U.S.A. 
 Scott, Bronson (1916) 123d Infantry, A.E.F. 
 ScHULTZ, Morris (1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 Seaman, M. (1914). 
 
 Selig, William M. (1917), S.A.T.C., Boston University. 
 Sennott, Clifford T. J. (191 1), Ensign, U.S.N.
 
 210 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Senter, Irving (ex 1914). U.S.A. 
 
 Senter, Karl W. (ex 1916), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Shanahan, Raymond (191 i), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Shanley, Stephen E. (1914), U.S.A., Signal Corps. 
 
 Sheehan, Albert C. (191 3), U.S.N. 
 
 Sheehan, Francis J. (191 6), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Sheridan, Lawrence V. (ex 191 7), Corporal, U.S.A. 
 
 Sherman, George F. (1916), Corporal, Q.M.C., U.S.A. 
 
 Sherman, Samuel (1917), U.S.A. 
 
 Shiels, Daniel (1913), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 
 Show, John G. {ex 1912). U.S.A., A.E.F. Wounded in 
 
 action. 
 Shurdut, Saul (1914), Corporal, Field Signal Battery. 
 SiLSBEE, Nathaniel F. (191 7), U.S.A., Signal Corps. 
 SiLVA, Frank A. (ex 1918), U.S.N. Transferred to U.S.A., 
 
 Air Service. 
 Silver, Leo (1915), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 Simpson, Frank (191 i), Q.M.C, U.S.A. 
 Simpson, Harold (1912), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Slattery, William M. (1911), Q.M.C, U.S.A. 
 Sloane, Christopher (191 7), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Smith, Elmer (1914), U.S.A., Fort Slocum. 
 Smith, Francis Q. (1915), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 Smith, George (ex 1918), Canadian Volunteers. 
 Smith, Harold J. (191 1), Q.M.C, U.S.A. 
 Smullen, Charles A. (1917), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Snow, Joseph S. (191 4), Personnel Department, Camp 
 
 Jackson, S.C 
 Solomon, Joseph (ex 191 5), Lieutenant, Canadian 
 
 Army. 
 Solomon, Oscar (191 2), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Speth, Carl S. (1914), Field Artillery, U.S.A. 
 Stalker, George L. (ex 1920), Tank Corps, U.S.A., 
 
 A.E.F.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 211 
 
 Starr, Frederick E. (1914), Lieutenant, Air Service, 
 
 S.E.R.C 
 Stearns, Frederick (1914), U.S.N.R.F., Tufts. 
 Steinman, Henry (ex 1919), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Sternberg, Alexander (ex 1916), Cavalry, U.S.A. 
 Stevenson, Walter H. (1914), Machine Gun Bn., U.S.A. 
 Strecker, Charles {ex 1920), U.S.N. 
 Stumcke, Richard B. (ex 1912), U.S.A., Camp Devens. 
 Sullivan, Arthur L. (1915), U.S.N. R.F. 
 Sullivan, Daniel J. (191 2), S.A.T.C., M.I. Technology. 
 Sullivan, Frank W. (19 17), First Class Yeoman, 
 
 U.S.N.R.F. 
 Sullivan, Harold J. (1914), Cadet, U.S.A., Air Service. 
 Sullivan, John F. (1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Sullivan, Samuel J. (1913), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Sullivan, William (ex 1916), U.S.A. 
 Sullivan, William J. (ex 1917), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Supple, Joseph I. (19 15), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Supple, William E. (1916), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 SuRETTE, William E. (19 18), Air Service, U.S.A. 
 Svenson, O. Ivar (19 1 6), U.S.N.R.F. 
 Swan, Thomas H. (1918), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Sweeney, John J. (1914), U.S.N. 
 Swetzoff, Samuel (ex 1916), U.S.A., Infantry. 
 SzAWLis, John (ex 1917), U.S.A. 
 
 Taber, Earle (1918), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Tansey, Bernard (1916), U.S.A. 
 
 Taylor, Edward H. (191 i). Hospital Corps, A.E.F. 
 
 Thompson, Barton (ex 1920), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Thompson, James, Jr. (1912), C.A.C. 
 
 Thorup, Sheridan J. (1915), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Thulin, Ernest F. (191 i), U.S.N.R.F., Air Service. 
 
 TiLLSON, Paul (ex 19 17), Air Service.
 
 212 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 ToBEY, Venard (191 3), Signal Corps, U.S.A. 
 
 ToBiN, Francis (19 17), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 ToLAND, Francis J. (191 2), Chief Yeoman, U.S.A. 
 
 ToRLiN, Nathan S. (1917), U.S.A., Artillery. 
 
 ToRPEY, Edmond (1915), Q.M.C., U.S.A. 
 
 TowNSEND, William S. (1912), Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Toy, Charles S. {ex 191 1), U.S.A. 
 
 Travers, John F, (1915), Medical Corps. 
 
 Travers, W. (191 3), U.S.A. 
 
 Tucker, A. A. (1915), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Turner, William R. (1914), R.O.T.C., Camp Lee, Va. 
 
 Tyner, Francis (1917), U.S.A., A.E.F. 
 
 Varney, Malcolm B. (191 5), Signal Corps. 
 VoRTiscH, Herbert W. (ex 191 2), U.S.A. 
 
 Waddick, J. H. (191 1), U.S.A. 
 Waldstein, Jacob (1915), U.S.N. R.F., Air Service. 
 Walker, Samuel D. (ex 1920), U.S.A. 
 Wall, Leonard (1908), U.S.N.A. 
 Walsh, Francis (191 2), Artillery, U.S.A. 
 Walsh, Frank (1918), U.S.A. 
 Walsh, J. T. (191 7), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 Wansker, Charles H. (19 18), S.A.T.C. 
 Ward, Chester (1917), U.S.N. R.F., U.S.S. Leviathan. 
 Ward, Lewis L. (191 5), Air Service. 
 Ward, Michael (ex 1917), U.S.A. 
 Ward, Peter F. (191 7), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 Warren, William (191 i), U.S.A. 
 Waterfall, Charles V. (1914), F.A.R.D., nth Regi- 
 ment. 
 Watson, Joseph (1910), U.S.A. 
 Watson, Joseph F. (ex 1912), U.S.N. R.F.
 
 COMMERCE IN THE WAR 213 
 
 Wayne, Warner H. (191 i), In service. 
 
 Weaver, George (1915), Yeoman, U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Webber, Arthur J. (191 1), U.S.A. 
 
 Weden, Raymond (ex 1916), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Weinstock, Miah (1915), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Welch, Albert (ex 1913), Veterinary Lieutenant, U.S.A. 
 
 Welch, Franklin E. (191 2), Sergeant, loist Field Ar- 
 tillery, A.E.F. 
 
 Wellings, Augustus (1915), Ensign, U.S.N., U.S.S. Ari- 
 zona. Convoy duty in American and Foreign Waters. 
 
 Wells, Arthur J. (ex 1919), S.A.T.C., Boston College. 
 
 Westwood, Thomas (191 3), U.S.A. 
 
 Westwood, Walter (191 3), U.S.A. 
 
 Whalen, B. F. (1915), S.N.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Whalen, John (191 7), S.A.T.C, Harvard. 
 
 Whalen, Joseph (ex 1918), U.S.A. 
 
 Whelan, James R. (1914), Co. C, loist Infantry; and 
 Army Field Clerk, Hq. 76th Division, 8th Army 
 Corps, France; and Hq. Tliird Army of Occupation, 
 Germany. 
 
 Whelpley, Charles R. (19 17), Air Service. 
 
 White, Benjamin (1916), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 White, James (1912), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 White, Stephen (19 17), U.S.N.R.F. 
 
 Whitman, A. R. (1915), S.A.T.C. 
 
 Whitman, Hyman L. (19 12), Q.M.C. 
 
 Widen, Elmer (ex 191 6), Signal Corps, U.S.A. 
 
 WiLKiE, Alan (1911), Ordnance Department, U.S.A. 
 
 WiLKiE, George R. (1915), S.A.T.C, Boston College. 
 
 Willis, Sumner (1914), Quartermaster, U.S.N.R.F. 
 Overseas on A.S.C. 
 
 Wilson, John N. (ex 19 13), Motor Transport Corps, 
 A.E.F. 
 
 Winch, George (1912), Air Service.
 
 214 THE HIGH SCHOOL OF 
 
 Winchester, Artemas (1917), S.A.T.C., Harvard. 
 
 Winchester, John C. (1918), Second Class Quarter- 
 master, U.S.N. R.F., Air Service. 
 
 Winchester, William (1915), Artillery, U.S.A. 
 
 Wolf, William (ex 1913), U.S.N. R.F. 
 
 Wolfe, John (1918), Corporal, loist Infantry, A.E.F. 
 
 Woods, Owen H. (ex 191 3), U.S.A., Air Service. 
 
 Wright, Frank W, (1913), Sergeant, U.S.A., C.A.C. 
 
 Wylie, Roland S. (1914), First Class Sergeant, U.S.A., 
 Air Service. 
 
 Young, Henry W. (1918), S.A.T.C., Harvard.
 
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