B 3 110 ^75 
 
GIFT OF 
 
 c— -^ 
 
THE 
 
 ';;;>!* 
 
 MECHANICAL CAUSE 
 
 iiPi 
 
 OF 
 
 Gravitation and the Tides 
 
 BY 
 
 H. D. HOUGHAM 
 
THE 
 
 MECHANICAL CAUSE 
 
 OF 
 
 Gravitation and tlie Tides 
 
 BY 
 
 H. D. HOUGHAM 
 
 
 OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 
 
 ARTISTIC LIFE PRESS 
 1899 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 
 
I have written no preface for this pamphlet. If it has merit 
 it will write its own preface in the future ; if it has no merit, it 
 will do the same thing for its epitaph. 
 
 H. D. HOUGHAM. 
 
 Oakland, Cal. 
 Oct. I, 1899. 
 
 374415 
 
THE MECHANICAL CAUSE OF GRAVITATION 
 
 AND THE TIDES 
 
 Dear Reader: — At the time I authorized the following in- 
 terview in the Call, I had not decided to give the result of my 
 experiments and study to the public; as you will see, there is no 
 explanation of the mechanism of the system,- for, as I believed 
 then, and still believe, there is an economic value in my discover}'. 
 Failing health, however, has decided me to present it to the world, 
 and though the explanation in this pamphlet may be so crude 
 and rambling as not to be rightly understood, I have tried, as 
 much as possible, to avoid the use of technical terminology, and 
 to use plain, household words that all can understand, — I am not 
 writing for a class, but for the general public. I claim I can 
 maintain my theory, and am willing to go before any body of men 
 with full faith in my ability to demonstrate the correctness of my 
 theories. 
 
 THE INTERVIEW 
 [From the San Francisco Call, April 4, 1897] 
 
 /||\R H. D. HOUGHAM of Oakland thinks that he has dis- 
 covered the mechanical "why" for gravitation; the "why" 
 whose existence Sir Isaac Newton conceded, and at the same time 
 confessed that he could not find it. 
 
 Mr. Hougham has been working over the problem for forty 
 years, and he now believes that he has solved it, and that success 
 has finally crowned his labors. 
 
 The scientist was visited in his home across the bay by a 
 Sunday Call reporter, to whom he talked most interestingly 
 concerning his supposed discovery of a new principle in mechani- 
 cal science. 
 
 " After forty years of experimenting and study," said Mr. 
 Hougham, "I claim to have discovered the mechanical and mathe- 
 
<.v 
 
 -:. • • ^ 6 — 
 
 matical principles in which electricity, heat and other forces of 
 matter, both materialized and etherealized, operate to produce 
 many of the phenomena that we see in nature, as we call it, but as 
 I believe there is an economic value in my discovery, at present 
 I can give you only some of the cardinal points leading up to it. 
 
 " When Newton picked out the latin words ' centrum pelo ' 
 and 'centrum fugo,' out of which he coined the two English words 
 centripetal and centrifugal, and applied them as names to the two 
 motions or forces which he claims to have discovered and explained 
 that always exist in a body revolving on an axis, he assumed at 
 once that our earth was endowed with the same condition of force 
 and motion, and as he found that the centrifugal force was from 
 the centre at a right angle from the radia of that centre, he found 
 that force not to be in harmony with world-building, and then 
 claimed to have discovered what he called the law of gravitation 
 to counteract his other force — that is, a law that clothes matter 
 with the power of acting at a distance, altliough he admitted that 
 he believed that there was a mechanical 'why' for gravitation, liut 
 he could not find it. and claimed the credit of discovering only the 
 mathematical 'whw' The mechanical 'why' is what I claim to 
 have discovered, and I do not claim it as a theory alone. 
 
 " I would not give a fig for any man's theory or a cent for my 
 own if I had one, if I did not have something tangible behind it. 
 I claim in describing it I can materially demonstrate, mechanically 
 illustrate and methematically prove it. If I should go into my mill 
 to put in some additional machinery and I should find that some 
 of the old pulleys were running the wrong way to suit the new 
 pulleys, what would 1 do ? Reverse the engine ami shafting ? By 
 no means. 1 would cross \.\\u ])clt and the new pulley would run 
 the right way. Now, that is just what nature does. She crosses 
 her belts. T>ut one may sa>- thai there is no such thing as a \isible 
 tangible Ijelt in tlic nebular liypolhesis. I grant it : but what is the 
 operation of a visible tangible belt? Nothing l)ul force operating 
 upon the lines of least resistance within the form and substance of 
 the belt, and that is what electricity and all other forces in nature 
 do, — always act on tlie lines of least resistance within the hnni and 
 svibstance of whatever they are acting in, and the forces in their 
 operations in nature as we call it, cross these line.s ot least resist- 
 ance, and the scientist has never been able to explain their mechan- 
 ism. They point out the many crossed lines in astronomy and 
 physical geography, and the crossing of the nerves as they pass 
 
from the spinal cord to the brain at the medulla oblongata, the 
 motor optic, and nearly all the nerves of the human and animal 
 body on which flow the nervous fluid, but the} have never been 
 able to explain the mathematical and mechanical operation of these 
 systems of vibratory energy, and like our earth, the cyclone, water- 
 spout, the shot falling from the shot-tower, hail, rain, and many 
 other systems of energy that seem a puzzle to them — that is what 
 I claim to be able to explain 1 
 
 "The explanation carries with it no puzzle or seeming incon- 
 sistencies, as there is in some of Newton's theories. Take one of his 
 theories that space has three dimensions, then just consider a body 
 of matter like our earth, 8,000 miles through, with all its mountain 
 ranges and inequalities, with free access to this space revolving 
 upon but one axis, what is there to keep it from deviating or turn- 
 ing on some other axis, and if it should, what is there to stop it 
 or bring it back? Within the last few years I have read a number 
 of pamphlets from different authors, wherein they claim that there 
 is the fourth dimension to space, and our failure to comprehend it 
 is the cause of our ignorance of the mechanism of the universe. 
 
 " Now. I deny that there is any such thing as dimension to 
 space. What we call space is a condition between forms, and is 
 not an entity, and has no existence in fact, and you cannot give 
 dimensions to a non-existing nothing. What seems to designate to 
 us the condition we call space is nothing but the principles that 
 govern the possibilities and impossibilities of the vibratory energy 
 of the absolute of the form, together with the joint product of that 
 vibratory energy governed by all the possibilities and impossi- 
 bilities of the motion of the form itself. 
 
 " The reason why, as I claim, that there is stability apparent 
 in our planet, is that the motion that we see is the elusive motion 
 of form, that is, the combined product of the invisible mathemati- 
 cal, mechanically organized S3'Stems of the vibratory energy of the 
 absolute of matter, or the mathematically arranged units of form. 
 
 " In a system that I can show is a spontaneity in nature wherein 
 all the systems so arranged themselves as in the snowflake that 
 the vibratory energy is constantly recurring back to itself, or back 
 to first primary motion, so that, when the system is once created, 
 like a waterspout over the ocean, for instance, every system of vi- 
 bratory energy embodies within itself both cause and eff'ect, for the 
 kinetic energy of each system is so utilized by crossing the lines 
 of least resistance, that all the generative forces in the form are 
 
— 8 — 
 
 turned in upon themselves, and create a pressure toward a common 
 center. I can show that that system is in harmony with world- 
 building without the invention of any law of gravitation or any 
 other law separate from matter or force, for a law is nothing and 
 does nothing. 
 
 " Laws do not execute themselves. It takes force to create 
 motion. 
 
 "To show how easily Newton might have been deceived, I 
 will illustrate. I will place you in a boat with a man rowing you 
 due west. You know the boat is going west; you see the man 
 rowing you west at the same time that a wind is blowing >ou due 
 north. You know the boat is going north. You feel the wind 
 blowing you north. Now, your judgnient and understanding, 
 governed by your reasoning faculties, tell you that the boat cannot 
 go north and west at the same time in separate paths; that the two 
 systems of vibratory energy, created within the form and substance 
 of the boat by the two forces, the man and the wind, impel the 
 boat to form a resultant motion, and grant, lor this illvistration, 
 that the force of the wind was etiual lo the force of the man, that 
 resultant motion would be due northwest. 
 
 " Now, suppose >-ou could not see the man nor feel tin.' wind, 
 and the existence of those two separate and di.-tiiict causes were 
 unknown to you, and could not be recognized by any of your 
 senses or modes of observation, what would you say was the cause 
 of the motion of the boat northwest, which you see? Would \"ou 
 say, as Newton did ab nit that apple, that there was something in 
 the northwest that attracted it? 
 
 "You see in ihi^ illustration out of the man\- possible nu)tions 
 of the form of the boat I have employed only two, and out of the 
 possible number of systems of vitiratory energy that could be 
 created williiii tlie form and sui)Stance of tlic boat by force. I liave 
 employed only two. 
 
 ''Now I want to sa\- about Ne-wton's apple, that the apjile 
 before it fell Irom tlic tree was fulliHing all tla- possibilities of 
 motion and \ibration and was only a i)art of a s\stem, the forces of 
 which are .so mechanically and matlK'Uialie'ally arranged, that the 
 system controls and utilizes all ot tiie e(.iUritugal and kiiietit- 
 energies in such a way as to recur llieni bat-k to tlie sv^lLin and 
 create a motion and ])ressure, and when the ap])le fell it was obev- 
 ing a force and not a law, and that force was a pri-duit of \ ibration, 
 and that vibration was within the su1)stance of the apple and not 
 
— 9 — 
 
 outside of it. Nature never gets outside of itself. If it could. 
 Newton might put his centrifugal force where nature could not 
 handle it. 
 
 "If 3'ou are a contractor and I give you a job to lay a stone 
 sidewalk, about the first question you will ask is, in what shape 
 do I want the block put down. I will tell you that there are but 
 three shapes that will fit a superficial area without interstices 
 between, and they are the equilateral triangle, the hexagon and 
 square. You may make forms all your lif and make untold 
 millions of them, but you never can make forms but the three, 
 that will fit a superficial area without leaving interstices between, 
 but all the millions that you could make equal onl>' the three, 
 for the three embody all their lines. And so it is with the solid 
 figures. There are but five solid figures that can have an equal 
 mathematical and mechanical division with a common center, and 
 they are called the platonic figures, after Plato, who discovered 
 them. Now you may make untold millions of solid figures, but 
 you can never make one that can have a mathematical division 
 with a common center but the five, and all the millions that you 
 can make will equal only the five, for they embody all their lines. 
 
 " vSo, too, with the principles of vibration and life that run this 
 universe. There are millions of conditions of vibration, as many 
 as there are forms in it, or as many as all the forms you can create, 
 but there is but one condition, or system of vibration, and life, 
 wherein the vibration recurs back to first cause, or primary 
 motion ; but all the millions of conditions of vibrations that you 
 can create equal only the one, for the one embodies all the others. 
 Nature never gets outside of itself. And this recurrence of the 
 vital force of life back to the system of life, as I can show, is what 
 causes the thud or pulse in thi- human and animal system or body, 
 and that ever-present pnlse can be detected in every and all forms 
 of organized life, even back to the protoplasm; and not only in 
 organized life, but in organized force or energy, as in the galvanic 
 battery, the waterspout, thunder cloud or storm, and even in the 
 lines of force in the stationary magnet. The ever-present pulse 
 can be detected, and so it is from the plajiet on which we live down 
 to the smallest organization of life or force within its grasp. 
 
 •'Some scientists tell us that evolution is a spontaneous 
 change from a uniform structure, or a change from a homogeneous 
 to a heterogeneous condition. Now what I claim is that the spon- 
 taneitv is in the uniformitv and not in the change ; that the 
 
lO — 
 
 change is caused by the environments. What makes it seem to 
 us as a spontaneit}' is because the environments are ever present 
 within the uniformity of the structure of the vibratory system that 
 runs the planet on which we live and holds in its grasp all forms 
 that can evolute and binds them within some kind of environment. 
 
 " The most discouraging part of the work of a student is 
 seeking the truth. After finding something that he thought real, 
 he discovers that it was only an illusion, and that the real is still 
 further away, and after he has followed his investigations for a 
 lifetime and cleared away illusion after illusion from his bewildered 
 senses, he falls hack upon his reasoning laculties and asks himself 
 the question : Is there an absolute reality within and beyond the 
 reach of human ken, and if there is, is all this side of it a world of 
 illusion ? 
 
 "To show you what I mean by illusion I will illustrate. I 
 will place eight cannon balls on the arms of a four-foot wheel and 
 give that wheel a certain revolution and it will look to you like a 
 solid iron rim or balance wheel, but you know it is not, and why ? 
 Because you have been undeceived. You have seen it start and 
 stop, or .seen some other wheel start and stoj), l)ut if you had never 
 been undeceived, you never would know l)ut what this was a solid 
 iron wheel. All the knowledge that comes to you from the out- 
 side world comes to you through some of your five senses. Now 
 there are four of your senses that have nothing to do with the 
 analysis of that problem ; you cannot smell it, you cannot taste it, 
 5'ou cannot hear it, you cannot feel it, and the onl\- sense that von 
 have left, your sight, is completely deceived, and if >-ou had never 
 been undeceived you ne\'er wonld know i)ut what it was a solid 
 iron rim. 
 
 "Now, if eight cannon balls, large objects that you can ordi- 
 narily see with the naked eye at a very slow \-flocit\-, can so 
 deceive the only sense you have that has anything to tlo willi tlic 
 problem, and make you believe that a condition or form is an 
 entity wlu-n it is not — m;d-:L' von believe tlial ;in illusion is a reality 
 — liow much easier it is for the iiiikscMil):il»l\ small ;it(un< that 
 cannot be seen with llie l)est mii-roscope, with an inconcei\able 
 velocity, to deceive any and all \(iur senses, ami make nou think 
 other tilings are real when the\- are not, but oid\- the condition of 
 something that is real. What the somelhin.L; is we do not know. 
 Call it atoms, call it s])irit, call it electricity, call it force, call it 
 
— II — 
 
 mind, call it God ; but calling an unknowable thing a name gives 
 us no additional knowledge of what it is. 
 
 "I see that lamp-post there, and why do I see it? I see it 
 because there is an intervening medium between me and the post, 
 and the form of that post is vibrating through that medium on to 
 the retina of my eye, thence across the optic ner\^e to my brain, 
 making me cognizant of the fact that the post is there ; but if you 
 could take away the intervening medium and create an absolute 
 void between me and the post, I never would know that the post 
 was there. How many intervening mediums exist between our 
 senses and forms, we do not know. Between the hardest steel and 
 the X ray there are many. How many beyond the X ray no man 
 can answer. 
 
 " What I claim is that there is the last intervening medium, 
 the absolute of form or what we call matter ; the absolute reality 
 of this univer.se can act as an intervening medium between all the 
 forms it creates and the human mind, but there is nothing to act 
 as an interv^ening medium between itself and the human mind. 
 Any gross substance cannot act, and a more etherealized or spiritual 
 substance there is none. I claim that no human being will ever 
 know what the absolute reality is ; that there always will be an 
 empty void between tlieni, but what it does and how it does it is 
 a problem that can be soh-ed by the human mind. 
 
 " You ask me what it is ? I answer it has no is. What is it 
 like? It has no like. But when you ask mc what it does, I say 
 it does nothing only through form and in form. That is what I 
 claim to be able to explain ; that when it acts in form and through 
 form it acts mechanically and mathematically, and in no other 
 way.' ' 
 
 The preceding interview sets forth some of the phenomena 
 that I claim to be able to explain, but as I cannot treat of them all 
 in a short pamphlet like this, I will take up but two of them here 
 — Gravitation and the Tides — and lea\-e the others for a future 
 effort. 
 
 Now, on the question of Gravitation, I will .say that all motion 
 of form, that we can see or recognize by any of our senses or ph_vs- 
 ical modes of observation other than deductions of the intellect 
 through the process of our reasoning faculties, is produced by the 
 joint forces of some condition of vibration of the absolute or ulti- 
 mate substance composing the form in question. To make it more 
 
— 12 — 
 
 clear, let me illustrate. 1 will take ten oranges in my two hands 
 and put them together so that they will touch each other, and ask 
 you what I have. You will say that I have a bunch of oranges or 
 a cluster of oranges, but I will tell you that a cluster or a bunch of 
 oranges is not an entity and has no real existence ; that it is only a 
 condition of the oranges ; take away the oranges and where is 
 your bunch or cluster ? Then I will move the cluster north and 
 ask you what I moved north, and you will say, "The cluster." I 
 will say, "No, it was the oranges." There was nothing else to 
 move, and the motion of the oranges is not real, only an illusion of 
 our senses ; the only real thing that moved would be the absolute 
 or ultimate substance of the form of the oranges. Apply the same 
 principle to the motion of all forms. Although the ab.solute or 
 ultimate substance of all forms may not be recognized as possessing 
 form or tangibility, as the oranges do, yet we must admit that this 
 universe is not entirely an illusion save to the senses ; our intellect 
 will decide that there is a reality in it, even if it is hidden from our 
 senses within the form. And if the real exists, it must be the 
 foundation on which the mechanism and mathematics of this uni- 
 verse is based, and not on the unreal and illusive form. I claim 
 thai the reason that the scientists have made no better progress in 
 explaining the mechanism of the universe is that they have used 
 the wrong kind of mathematics. Becau.se there is no limit to the 
 divisibility of form that is recognized by our senses, they tell us 
 there is no limit to figuring on the conic sections and the squaring 
 of the circle; that there is no limit to the use of the decimal or 
 vulgar fraction and that the circle cannot be squared. Now, I 
 claim that there is a limit to the divisibility of form, and that limit 
 lies between the form and the real that creates and maintains it, so 
 when you get into the realm of form to ligmntc, tla-rt.- is no limit 
 to the use of fractions until that dividing line is reached ; hut 
 .when you go into tlie realm of the reality to figurate, you must 
 leave your fractions behind, for you are figuring on something 
 that was never created, never can be divided, changed or destroyed: 
 and here is where the mechani.sm and the mathematics of this uni- 
 verse rest, and this I hope to be able to show by self-evident facts 
 that 1 shall ])resent. I believe I shall demonstrate that the nvolu- 
 tions and motions that we see are not causes, but the effect ot' the 
 invisible systems of x-ilnalion behind or within lluni, sxstcnis of 
 \-ibration that ])rodnce the onl\' motion that wc can see, the motion 
 of the form. Now, when I sjieak of forms, 1 mean to include all 
 forms, ])(>th material and ethereal, to include electriiMt\- and nt'buhe. 
 
as well as iron and stone, for all forms are governed by the same 
 principal of limit to the possibility and impossibilty of the number 
 and condition of their motions, both primary and kinetic. I will 
 now try to set out some of the cardinal principles of my theorum. 
 From any given point in space, form can move in opposite direc- 
 tions, but it is impossible for it to move in opposite directions sim- 
 ultaneously, though it can move in diff rent directions at the same 
 time. The question arises, how many ? The answer is, three, and 
 no more; one motion for each dimension of form — length, breadth 
 and thickness, or what some scientists call the three dimensions of 
 space. When form is moving in two separate and distinct direc- 
 tions at the same time, there is but one resultant motion ; Init 
 when form is moving in three separate directions at the same time, 
 it has three separate and distinct resultant vibratory forces. This 
 principle of limit to the possibility and impossibility of the vibra- 
 tory forces of the absolute of the form in the form makes the 
 unreal and elusive form appear to our senses to act; what some 
 scientist or professor terms, Governed by Law, the Law of Motion, 
 The Law of Mechanics, but they have never told us how a law acts 
 to grant, prohibit, or create motion to a form, and they never will 
 as long as they look to the unreal form instead of to its real units 
 for their knowledge. Now, these three vibratory forces above 
 referred to merge into a common product of visible motion. As 
 the square of the distance from the lines of its primary motions, 
 and the only motion that is visible about this, is the motion of the 
 form, the mechanism within the form that is not seen is the vibra- 
 tion of the absolute or ulimate substance of the form, and when all 
 the conditions of vibrations are created that can be created, there 
 exists a uniformity of action and a mechanism of structure in the 
 lines of force within the form. Now, if form cannot move in 
 opposite directions at the same time, it cannot revolve in opposite 
 directions at the same time, but it can revolve in different directions 
 at the same time, and the question arises, how many ? The answer 
 is, three, and no more. Three first or primary revolutions, one 
 revolution for each dimension of form, or each possible three 
 planes of vibration in the form. All the powers in the universe 
 cannot make a body or form revolve in more than three directions 
 at the same time on three primary axes. Not that form is real, 
 but that the real within, that created and maintains it, cannot 
 vibrate in more than three planes at the same time within the form, 
 for to exceed that limit would be granting to substance the power 
 to annihilate itself, or move in opposite directions at the same time, 
 
— 14 — 
 
 with the attributes of Omnipresence. When matter or form has 
 free access to space, like a rain-drop, or a shot falling from a shot- 
 tower, it first commences to revolve, simultaneously or alternately, 
 on three axes that produce three resultant revolutions that merge 
 toward a common revolution, as the square of the distance from 
 their primary lines of force. Let me describe the mechanism in 
 detail. Take a form of electricity or nebula, or a form of any 
 other matter, either visible or invisible, tangible or intangible. 
 They are all governed by the same principle of action when free to 
 act. Take for this illustration a form of nebula regardless of its 
 shape, for out of the millions of shapes into which it can form, it is 
 impossible for it to have more than three dimensions, length, 
 breadth and thickness, or three planes of vibratory action. Now 
 let this form of nebula commence to revolve on three axes, either 
 simultaneously or in rotation. You .see the three axes would all 
 be at right angles to each other, and following the lines of least 
 resistance of each others revolution, they will maintain tliat right 
 angle position if the form has free access to space and as there is 
 no infinitx- in stability until all the possibilities of motion ha\e 
 been created in the form, for as there is no stabilit\- in a torm 
 revolving in free space on one primary axis, the revolution on the 
 other two possible axes becomes a spontaneity ; for as there is no 
 stability, deviation on ihe other axis is snre to follow . and devia- 
 tion is revolution and the limit is three. Von see the instant the 
 three revolutions are created there will l)e three resnltant revolu- 
 tions, and each of these resultants will form a resultant with one of 
 the three primary revolutions that created them, and merge into 
 one common product or revolution, and the three resultant re\-olu 
 tions will form a resultant with each other :uul nierL;e that \-ihra- 
 torv force to the .same common centre or rexolnlion ;in the >qn;ue 
 of the distance from their primar\' lines of re\olution. Now, this 
 product of the primary system i-; the only motion that can be 
 detected by any of our senses, and is a visiltle revolution of the 
 form on one visible axis, and as 1 show in the inter\-ie\\ , in the 
 illustration of the boat and the man, when three priniar\ revolu- 
 tions are not \isil)le or not recognizable 1)\ our senses, the cause of 
 the product becomes a puzzle lo thosi.' who have not L;one deeper 
 into the mechanisiu of nature. Now, the produi-t of the priinar\- 
 system, this resultant revolution on an axis, pnnlnces within the 
 ultimate sul)stance of that toini what Xewton eiilled tin.' i-eiitiifu 
 gal force of a revolvinj.; bodw and as the three |>riinnr\ revolutions 
 transferred their centrifugal force to tlu' x'isihle revolulioii, :ind the 
 
— 15 — 
 
 forces between the primar}' and resultant was an action of the units 
 and not the form, the primary' revolutions display no centrifugal 
 force save in the product. A body revolving on one axis will 
 manifest centrifugal force, but the instant the body commences to 
 revolve on a second axis, the centrifugal force is transferred to the 
 resultant revolution. Now, I will try to show how the other 
 invisible system of kinetic energy operates to utilize and control 
 the centrifugal forces of the resultant revolution and throw them 
 back into the three primary revolutions completing the endless 
 chain of vibratory cause and effect within the form and complete a 
 uniformity in the mechanism of that vibratory system. Let me 
 say here that the words " inertia ", "momentum", "centrifugal 
 force" and "kinetic energy" all relate to motions, but I have 
 selected "kinetic energy" as the term to express what I mean 
 when dealing with forms that are already in motion. To better 
 understand it let me illustrate. I will place a grind-stone hung in 
 bearings on a platform car going north on a true, level, straight 
 track at the rate of sixty miles an hour. If the stone is not 
 revolving in its bearings there is no kinetic energy, but momen- 
 tum and inertia the same as the substance of the car ; but revolve 
 the stone in its bearings and the resultant motion or energy pro- 
 duced by the joint product of the motion of the car and revolution 
 of the stone is what I call kinetic energy. The reader will note 
 that, if the stone revolves on the car with its axis vertical, that 
 there will be two conditions of kinetic energy in the stone, one in 
 each half of the stone. If the side of the stone facing north is 
 revolving east, the east half of the stone's motion will be in 
 conflict with the motion of the car and the west half will be in 
 union with the motion of the car, and form a stronger kinetic 
 energy than the east half. You see the difference of the kinetic 
 energy is divided by halves in the stone, but switch the car off onto 
 a curve or circle from the straight track, say of a mile radius, the 
 instant the kinetic energy changes from a dual condition to a 
 quadral condition in the stone, there will be two quarters of the 
 stone where the forces of the car and stone conflict, and two quar- 
 ters where the}' conspire, and that condition of motion or force is 
 constantly changing and swinging around in the stone and always 
 faces the center of the car's orbit or revolution, and the stone 
 revolves around in that changeable condition of motion and kinetic 
 energy combined, the same as the earth does in her plane around 
 the common center with the moon; and here you have the mechan- 
 ism of the tides. In one plane or dimension of form, as described 
 
— TB — — 
 
 in another part of this pamphlet, the four quarters represented by 
 the tvventj^-four hours, six for each quarter, a low tide facing the 
 moon in one quarter and a high tide and the same on the opposite 
 side of the earth; and this kinetic motion is limited by the same 
 limit of the three dimensions of form that govern primary motion; 
 and as I deny there is any such thing as dimensions to space, either 
 three or four, and as it is a self-evident fact that there are but 
 three dimensions to form, yet I hope to be able to show how form, 
 although it cannot move or revolve in more than three directions 
 in its primary motions at the same time, not only can but does go 
 into the fourth condition by a union of all the possible motions of 
 the two systems of primary and kinetic motion. In fact, it is a 
 spontaneity in the nature of matter or substance, whenever form has 
 free access to space, as in the case of the rain-drop, the fourth con- 
 dition of motion is the final limit of motion; that a sphere is the 
 final limit of form, the mechanism that that fourth condition of 
 motion creates, when form has free access to space witli a pressure 
 toward a common center called gravity. The reader will note 
 in the interview what is said about the three forms that will fit 
 a superficial area, and the five solid figures. Now, the limit of 
 form, the sphere, is not created by a single act of vibration, motion 
 or revolution, but by a succession of different systems of vibration 
 and revolution that work in mechanical harmony, that follow all 
 the lines of the regular bodies from the lowest to the highest, tin.- 
 lines of least resistance defined by the triad condition of motion. 
 Nature's limit of primary revolution marks out the lines of the 
 tetrahedron and the equilateral triangle, and the whole system 
 when in action does not change its parallelism. The six poles of 
 that triad condition of revolution define the lines of the hexahe- 
 dron and the sciuare, and the six resultant i evolutions of the pri- 
 mary and kinetic systems, with their twcl\L- j)oks, define the 
 dodecahedron and hexagon. The eight poles of the fourth con- 
 dition of revolution represent the octahedron and triangle, and tlie 
 eight poles last named, and their unison with the resultant poles 
 of the dodecahedron, represent the icosahedron, the form of twent\- 
 faces. Thus you have all the regular bodies. 'I'he platonic figures 
 well-defined in nature's mechanism, like the motion that creates 
 them, are limited in nunil)er, and on these limits rest the mechan- 
 ism and stability of the uiii\erse, systems of \il)rator\- rex'olution 
 that are constantly changing their lines of force wilhiii tiie form, 
 by uniting, with the lines of foree, the kinetic s\stems of xihralion 
 and re\-()lntion, tinis aetins; in a dual mechanism in each jilane of 
 
— .1^ — ^ 
 
 action or dimension of the form, cbntinually renewing and chang- 
 ing the lines of force from the tetrahedron, by graduation through 
 all the lines of the regular bodies to the icosahedron, a twenty- 
 sided regular body, one of the platoinic figures, and from that to 
 the sphere, the final limit of the form, as the carpenter's auger is 
 the final limit of the primary motion of any or all of his tools. If 
 it were not so. some genius would make a tool beyond an auger, 
 but it never will be done unless tools can be endowed with the 
 attributes of Omnipresence. For the auger when in use is fulfill- 
 ing all the possibilities of primary motion, centripital, centrifugal 
 and forward, and no tool can do more, for in order to do more it 
 would have to move in opposite directions at the same time in one 
 of its planes of dimension, length, breadtli or thickness ; but if the 
 auger was composed of a pliable or plastic substance, and had free 
 access to space like a rain-drop, or a waterspout, so that the spon- 
 taneous systems of kinetic motion, with their cross-lines of least 
 resistance could unite with the primary motion referred to when 
 the auger was in use, matter or form would then go into the 
 fourth condition of motion, the final limit of motion, and form a 
 sphere, the final limit of form. If it were not so, some ingenious 
 carpenter would build a form beyond the sphere, but it never has 
 been done. It is easy for the mechanic to follow the lines and 
 forms the other way until he arrives at the tetrahedron, where 
 mathematics seem to be of little use to him in his search for regular 
 bodies below it in uniformity. Would it be unreasonable to sug- 
 sre-st that the mathematical lines of vibration, defined in the tetra- 
 hedron, have any relation to the triad principle of primary motion 
 that pervades this whole universe? In order to have the reader 
 understand this S3'stem of kinetic energy and the fourth condition 
 of motion, I will emplo\' a well-known form, one of the platonic 
 figures, to illustrate. Take the hexahedron, or cube ; commence 
 to revolve it simultaneously on three axes, the six poles to repre- 
 .sent the center ot the six faces of the cube : the three axes will all 
 stand at right angles to each other, and as there is no conflict with 
 each other's lines of least resistance in that right angle position, 
 they will maintain that relation to each other if free to act. The 
 instant the three revolutions commence to act within the form, 
 they produce three resultants, and as soon as the three resultants 
 commence to act within the form, they form a resultant revolution 
 with the three primary revolutions, all thus merging to one com- 
 mon center of revolution. The axes of the three resultant revolu- 
 tions would be at an angle of forty-five degrees from the primary 
 
— I8 — - - 
 
 axes and represent three of the six equilateral diagonals of the 
 cube. Now, this resultant revolution, the product of the primary 
 systems, has received from the three primarN- revolutions all of 
 their energy, and as there is no centrifugal force shown in the form 
 in either of the three planes of primary revolution, the centrifugal 
 force shown in the product was derived from the substance of the 
 form in the primary planes of motion; and as the three lines of 
 least resistance of the three primary systems are crossed, the cen- 
 trifugal forces of the resultant system are acting on opposite sides of 
 the primary axis, and support three kinetic revolutions, the axes of 
 which will be the other three equilateral diagonals of the cube. 
 This action is a generativ^e force and is constantly being renewed, 
 for it is derived from the centrifugal force which is a spontaneit>" 
 in nature; for as the axes of a revolving body are the lines of least 
 resistance of that body, and the lines of least resistance in this case 
 are crossed, the centrifugal force of the resultant revolution is 
 acting on six opposite sides of the six poles of the three axes of the 
 primary revolutions and becomes a generative force. You will see 
 that the resultant axes of the three primary revolutions, the poles 
 of which stand for two of the corners, of the cube, represent the 
 diagonal between those two corners and cross the lines of least 
 resistance of the three primary revolutions. The kinetic revolu- 
 tions, created by the centrifugal force of the resultant revolution, 
 form three resultant revolutions with the three primary revolutions, 
 the poles of which represent the other six corners of the cube, 
 between which the three axes run witli their six poles. Tims you 
 have the fourth condition of motion, or revolution. The four axes 
 represent the eight corners of the cube, with their eight poles. 
 Now, I claim that this system of vibratory mechanism is all 
 between the ultimate parts and not of the form only in the final 
 product of revolutions, or the final resultant, the only action that 
 can be recognized by our senses; that the vibratory systems are 
 within and behind the motions of the form, the same as a bod>- 
 revolving in one axis; as Newton described it, it is moving in two 
 directions continually, centripital and centrifugal, l)ut the only 
 motion we see or can recognize by any of our senses is the motion 
 in the curve or circle. If Newton had looked to the ultimate sub- 
 stance of the form, instead of to the illusive form for a solution of 
 the problem, it would have saveil him the trouble of inventing his 
 \/dw of (ira\-itation ; he would ha\e seen titat the motion of the 
 form was an illusion and it was the ultinuite sul)slani'e that w.is 
 moving in the tw<j directions and that created the illusion of the 
 motion of the form by vibration in the form. 
 
— 19 — 
 
 I claim that this can be materially demonstrated, mechanically 
 illustrated and mathematically proven. Science teaches that our 
 earth is inclined 2314 degrees lo the i)lane of its orbit. Now, what 
 I claim is that that inclination is the position assumed by the 
 visible resultant axes ; that it stands at right angles to the planes 
 of its three orbits with the primary revolutions and is the invisible 
 cause of its visible position ; that there is a perfect mechanism in 
 the operation of our planet that can be demonstrated by self-evident 
 facts, that cannot be disproved. I believe that I was the first that 
 advocated the theory that our earth is and has been revolving since 
 its nebulous formation, on three primary axes that hold their 
 position at right angles to each other, and maintain their parallel- 
 ism in space ; that the motion that we see and the position 
 assumed as to its orbit are the resultant motion and position, a 
 product of the invisible systems behind it or in it. This, my 
 theory, appeared in the Oakland Times on the nth and 29th of 
 June, 1 8 80. 
 
 Now, there is no such force as a centrifugal force in primary 
 revolutions of a body — the mechanism is in the ultimate substance 
 and not in the form— it is transferred from the primary revolutions 
 to the product or resultant by the vibration of the absolute in the 
 form, and as the lines of least resistance of the centrifugal forces of 
 our earth are crossed, the force is converted into three kinetic 
 revolutions connected with the resultant revolution of the primary 
 revolution and creates the fourth condition of motion and revolu- 
 tion, all of which I claim that I can demonstrate to the .satisfaction 
 of any scientific mind. 
 
 I claim that when a system of that kind is organized and the 
 form has free access to space, (and when I say free access to space 
 I do not mean absolute suspension, but freedom with a limit for 
 vibration, like a protoplasm, or jelly-fish in the ocean or other 
 pliable environment) this fourth condition of vibratory revolution 
 is the cause and origin of all life on this planet, both animal and 
 vegetable. The internal form of beings is a function of their 
 vibratory molecular construction ; in other words, one might say 
 that the component vibratory atoms determine the external form 
 where it is not changed by the environments and the change 
 reproduced in the reproduction of the specie called evolution ; that 
 at the origin of life the form is spherical and has a pr. ssure toward 
 a common center and is organized in the fourth condition of 
 motion ; that the system organizes any and all etherealized sub- 
 stances, and in the protoplasm, when first organized in the fourth 
 
— 20 
 
 condition of motion, cannot be seen with the best microscope, but 
 as it has a pressure towards a common center, its vibratory interior 
 force soon brings the absolute or ultimate atoms closer together in 
 a nucleus or body of a materialized or visible form called matter, 
 and the change of form in man and the animals, caused by the 
 environments, is only a change of the grosser ])art of man ; tlie 
 etherealized part or spirit is spherical, and that is not endowed 
 with the attributes of Omnipresence, and is governed by the same 
 principle of motion and revolution as the grosser part of man. just 
 as our earth with its air and ether works in harmony in a mechan- 
 ical system with the grosser part under one principle of action. 
 
 Now, after this digression, we return to our reference to the 
 free access to space. This will organize a sphere with a pressure 
 towards a common center, and if a planet organized in that way 
 had no orbicular motion, there would ])e no tides, for the horizon- 
 tal of the water would never cliange, but having an orl)iculnr 
 motion, tlie conflict of its axilliary and orbicular mocion produces 
 a change of the horizontal in two quarters of the planet of the 
 horizontal of the water in each of the three planes of its orbicular 
 revolutions, .so that a planet has three tides — one for the plane 
 with the moon, one for the plane with the sun, one for the ])l:ine 
 in the big orbit witli the sun — and these tides cross each other at 
 right angles and merge; each faces tlie center of its orbicular 
 revolution, and the earth maintains its parallelism in these revolu- 
 tions, l)Ut is constantl\- changing its relative position as to tli;;t 
 center: or, the three tides are constanth- swinging around the 
 earth. In tlie ])lane with the mot)n it .swings around in twent\- 
 eight days; in the plane with the sun it swings around in ^b^ 
 days; in the plane of the great circle with the sun it swings 
 around in 25,000 years. 
 
 Xow, these tides area conditicMi of motion of tlie water of a 
 planet, and like all other triad motions, the product of their action 
 is the only motion that we can see. lor we cannot see the separate 
 tides for they merge into a joint product of action 'iMiese tides 
 are a condition of motion, and the earth re\dl\es arountl in that 
 condition on its three in'inuiry axes and produces the three tides 
 that merge, bringing a change e\er\- six hours. The reader u ill 
 note that the tides are produced by dual causes in each ]>lane. ami 
 if eit lu'r ot the t-auses ceases to act , there would be no tide>. Xow , 
 the earth does not cease to re\'ol\e, but tiure is no motion at the 
 poles in each plane of jirimary revolution, conseciuently there is no 
 tide there for those planes, but a full tide there tor tlic other ]>l:ine 
 of rex'olution that ac-ts at riijht anijles with it. 
 
21 
 
 The tide of the great circle with the sun merges with the other 
 two tides and the earth's relative position is constantly changing 
 as to the center of that orbit, but as it swings around only once in 
 25,000 years, the human race has >ct no record of that tide ; but 
 it has made many thousand swings around that center since this 
 planet w^as nebulous. When the scientific world understands this 
 theory, the emergence of this continent and the submergence of the 
 Atlantas, the glacial period, the receding of the ocean at Norway 
 and Spitzbergen, and the advancing of the ocean at other places, 
 the alternate stratas of Arctic and tropical fossil animals and plants 
 in Florida and Alaska, these are all made plain to the mechanical 
 mind, for it is seen that the earth is changing the relative position 
 of its poles as to the sun in that plane of its orbit, as well as in the 
 other orbits around the sun and moon, all of which I can materi- 
 ally demonstrate, mechanically illustrate and mathematically prove. 
 
 If the earth was 25,000 years travelling once around its orbit 
 in the plane with the moon, instead of 28 days, the changes in the 
 tides that we now have every 14 days, at the new and full of the 
 moon, would only occur once every 1 2,500 years, at the new and full 
 of the moon. This s\stem will account for the tide on the opposite 
 side of the earth from the moon, that never has been explained 
 mechanicall3% even grant the Newtonian theory- of Gravitation to be 
 true. But in this system there is one quarter of the circle of the earth 
 in the plane with the moon that conflicts with the orbicular motion 
 that is opposite from the moon, and one quarter that is facing the 
 moon, so the change of the horizontal of the water occurs in those 
 quarters every six hours in tliat plane of dimension or motion. 
 The three tides are all acting at right angles to each other tide, 
 each tide runs to nothing at its own axis, and is the deepest at the 
 axis of Its neighboring tide. I claim to he able mechanically to 
 illustrate all the conditions of motion, the final product of which 
 produce the tangible visible tides that we recognize by our senses 
 and physical modes of observation. 
 
 When we go into the realm of form to figurate on the question 
 of motion, it is limited to three planes or dimensions in its primary 
 motion, and it can change its direction in three planes at the same 
 time; but when we go into the realm of the reality to figurate, the 
 question arises, is the absolute or ultimate substance of that form 
 governed by the same limit in its motion ? Is it limited more or 
 less? Let me suggest that all motion of form, inertia, centrifugal 
 force and momentum, of or in a form, is the product of the vibra- 
 tions of the absolute or ultimate substance of that form. A form 
 
22 
 
 can change its direction of motion by the vibration of its parts 
 mechanically; but it it is an absolute solid, and not composed of 
 parts, it would be as impossible to change a direction of a moving 
 body as it would be to move it in opposite directions at the same 
 time, and to do either one or the other it would have to possess 
 the attributes of Omnipresence and be in two places at the same 
 time. For it will appear as a self-evident fact to the student of 
 science, when he has given this question the required study, that if 
 an absolutely solid body, not composed of parts and not able to 
 vibrate within its form, were moving north, it would be impossible 
 for it to move east without first stopping its motion north ; but in 
 this realm of form, where the motion or" form has deceived our 
 senses so long in that regard that the scientists have made no dis- 
 tinction in regard to motion of the form and the absolute that 
 creates and maintains it, the question of Omnipresence is as well 
 defined or applied between north and east, as it is between nt)rth 
 and south, or any other directions of dual or triad motions for 
 an absolute solid. What I claim is that the atoms, the absolute 
 of form, never change their directions of motion; that when an 
 atom moves or is moved, it never changes the direction of that 
 motion; that there is no power in the universe tiiat can make it 
 change its direction of motion; that when it is once in motion it 
 keeps moving in that direction until it meets another atom and 
 then it stops and starts in another direction. Now, this collision 
 of atoms stopping and starting, is vibration pure and simple, \ibra- 
 tion within the form. It makes no dilTerence whether the form is 
 a uniformity or a promisquity, it is vibration all the same; the 
 only difference is the vibration is in the cell or crystal or any 
 other uniform structure, the joint product of all ihc vibration in 
 the form operates mechanically in a system in tlie i'orm. I would 
 have the reader note here that there is a diff"erence between vibra- 
 tion in the form and an alternate rapid motion itf the form. Xow. 
 some scientists tell us that the action of the reed in the llute or 
 organ and the tuning-fork is vibration ; I claim that the\- are onl\- 
 alternate rapid motion of the visible form; that the vibrations are 
 invisible actions of the absolute of the form that produced tlie 
 motion of the form that we see, all of which was produced 1>\ tlie 
 force of concussion or contact with some other form, either elheri- 
 alized or tangible, and the\ in turn received their force fioin \ ibra- 
 tion, and so on ad inlinituin. .\11 the motion oi' a planet that 
 organizes is a vibratory system of mechanism in the fourth condi- 
 tion of motion and wonld create but one common center of graxitv. 
 
— 23 — 
 
 so called, if it had no orbicular motion ; but the orbicular motion, 
 b}' forming a resultant motion with the axillary motion, changes 
 the center of gravity, so called, in two quarters of the planet in 
 each of the three planes of its orl^icular motion. 
 
 Thus we have in the system, six quarters in the three planes 
 that have a common center, and six quarters that do not have a 
 common center of gravity. The question may be asked, why does 
 a planet move in its orbit, and where does it get its motive power ? 
 The lines of vibratory force that would seek a common center, if 
 the planet had no orbicular motion, are diverted from their course 
 by the orljicular motion in two quarters of the circle in each plane 
 of revolution in the three orbits, and seek a center pressure or 
 gravity, so called, a little ahead of what it would be if the planet 
 was at rest in its orbit, and impels the planet forward in its three 
 orbits or three planes of revolution. 
 
 The question may be asked, what is the center of gravity ? 
 The center of revolution is an imaginary line drawn through the 
 center of a revolving body from pole to pole. The center of gravit}' 
 is an imaginary point where three such lines cross each other at 
 right angles in their center ; the point where all the mechanical 
 lines of a planet, operating in the fourth condition of motion. cro.ss 
 the point where duration exists but where there is no measure 
 ment of time ; the point from which all the motions of that planet 
 are measured. 
 
 The question may be asked, what is time? Time is the 
 measurement of events and has the same relation to form that 
 motion has to matter. Without something to move, there can be 
 no motion ; without something to create the event, there can be no 
 time. Even the event of the existence of our own body produces 
 the illusion we call duration ; but when we go into the realm of 
 the reality, where there are no forms to measure events, fthe Bible 
 says. "Unto God, the Alxsolute. one day is as a thousand years and 
 a thousand years is as one day " ) the absolute is not deceived by 
 the illusions of forms, as our senses are here in this realm of 
 form. What is a da>-, a month, a year ? A day is the event of the 
 earth revolving on its axis once in 24 hours. Place on the equator 
 24 houses an equal distance apart : you will have just one hour 
 between each house. Then move them ten degrees farther north ; 
 the houses are much closer together, but it is an hour between them 
 ju.st the same. Then move them to the north pole, so the houses 
 touch each other. Then cut a door from each house into the 
 adjoining one, and by walking one way a man can walk a thousand 
 
\'ears into the past ; and by walking the other way, he can walk a 
 thousand years into the future ; and by keeping step over the 
 twelve o'clock mark he will be in the Everlasting Now, and there 
 will be to him no past or future ; there will be no event to measure 
 time for him ; the only thing he can recognize is the event of his 
 own being. His own existence makes him recognize the condition 
 we call duration, and if his l^ody did not exist there would be no 
 duration for him. No more than you can have momentum with- 
 out matter, so time cannot exist without form, and cannot be 
 measured without a motion of that form. 
 
 Some scientists may say that these things are governed by law ; 
 that the fundamental principles connecting force and motion in the 
 physical universe are obviousl\" to be derived from experiments 
 alone, since intuitive reasoning cannot possibly give usan\- inform- 
 ation as to what may be, or what may not be a law of nature. But 
 if we take the ground that there is no such thing as law, separate 
 and distinct from matter or form, that the absolute of form is the 
 law, or a law unto itself; that it can act only in and through form ; 
 that form is an illusion and not real ; that all experiments deal 
 with form and cannot be performed without motion and vibration 
 of and in that form and without a knowledge of the final limit of 
 thai motion and vibration, the experiment will be elusive and 
 deceptive to our senses and can only be removed by the application 
 of (Uir intuitive reasoning faculties. Laws are not entities, or real, 
 and cannot act. Laws do not execute themselves, are nothing and 
 do nothing. All motion of form is the product of vibration and 
 law cannot pre duce it. \"ibration is pioduced by force and not bv 
 law, and motion is the product of its action. The absolute is the 
 only thing that acts and it makes the form appear to our senses to 
 do what the absolute cannot do — change its direction of motion — 
 and it does it 1)\- the vibration of tlie units in the form. 
 
 The material laws, .-o called, expressed by mathematics, are 
 few and simple, but the b(cl\' of the science consists ot a vast 
 scheme of numerical computations whose value seems to ai'|)ear in 
 its application to astronomv and the other j)]iysical sciences, bnt as 
 long as it vloes apjK-ar and is u^ed bv scientists, they will never 
 arrive at the final truth ol the mechanism ol the universe; bnt 
 when tlu\' are satisfie<l to lea\'e this vast scheme of tractions 
 behind and use the few and sim])le prinei])les of mat liem.ilits in 
 the realm of the re,dit\-, tlie\' will arrive at better leMilts in their 
 astrononi\- and plivsic-s. 'I'he reader nmy a\er thai to rail llu-se 
 energies prodncin;^ tlu'^i' I'esnlts nielanioi ]i]iic or nioKeular action 
 
is simply to hide our ignorance ; we get a name and nothing 
 more. To speak dogriatically on subjects so obscure is a sign of 
 the same ignorance. That may be true when we speak alone of 
 the ultimate substance of form as it relates to what it is ; but not 
 when we speak of it as to what it does (and when I say what it 
 does I mean to include vibration in the form and the motion of the 
 form). Now, surely our reasoning faculties will sustain us in the 
 assumption that, ii a form cannot move in opposite directions at 
 the same time, the absolute or ultimate substance of the form can- 
 not do it. Now, that inquiry is removed from question to axiom 
 by the self-evident fact as revealed to us by our senses as far as the 
 form is concerned, and the same fact will appear to our understand- 
 ing as revealed to us by our reasoning faculties, as far as the ulti- 
 mate substance is concerned, unless w^e are willing to believe the 
 unreasonable proposition that the absolute or ultimate sul)stance 
 of form possesses the attributes of Omnipresence. Now, if it is 
 governed by the principle of possibility and impossibility in one 
 phase or condition of its motion, may we not assume that the differ- 
 ent phases or conditions are limited in number, and each, as far as 
 condition is concerned, like the first, limited in action or motion ? 
 When we have found all the limits and applied the proper mathe- 
 matics, shall we not arrive at infinity in stability, uniformity in 
 action, and the mechanism for which we seek, if we apply our 
 mathematics with the knowledge or belief that all parts of knowl- 
 edge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally, perhaps, revolve 
 into it, and that mathematics has not a fact to stand on that is not 
 purely metaphysical ? 
 
 What is mathematics based on? Mathematics is based on the 
 hypothetical number one. And what is the hypothetical number 
 one based on ? Is it based on an animal, tree or stone? If it is, the 
 animal, tree or stone are not the same to you as they are to me, 
 and not the same to-morrow as the\- are to-day. W'hicli one of our 
 visions is true, or are they both illusions of the form to our senses 
 of sight, and mathematics ba^ed on the absolute of the form — the 
 real, not the illusion? Because we cannot recognize the absolute 
 of form by our senses is no proof that it does not exist, and the 
 fact that our senses cannot limit the divisibility of form is no proof 
 that there is no limit. Quality and kind come to us by the exer- 
 cise of our reasoning faculties by the process of c(miparison. 
 Mathematics deals with vibration, dimension and motion. No 
 man can apply mathematics in an empt_\ room. He can say or 
 think twice two are four. Twice two what are four what? Twice 
 
— 26 — 
 
 two apples. Where are the apples? In Chicago. Then you are 
 applying mathematics in Chicago, not in the empty room. When 
 all the possible motions of a form have been created, both primary 
 and kinetic, that form never takes more than one visible path or 
 resultant motion as long as what the scientists call the cohesive 
 attraction of the forn) is not disturbed ; but where all the possibili- 
 ties are not understood and the primary motions are unknown, the 
 product or resultant becomes a puzzle, and you cannot unravel it 
 by naming a law, as Xewton tried to do with his apple. The same 
 principle will apply to revolution as well as to motion, that the 
 vibratory energy within the form in the final product of revolut.'on, 
 is not lost, but resolves itself into kinetic energy by a unison of the 
 centrifugal force with the primary motions, and by crossing their 
 lines of least resistance is thrown Ixick into the primary revolution, 
 or first cause, and creates a never-ending chain of vibratory cause 
 and effect within the form. 
 
 Thus is employed the only ])ossible primary revolutions, the 
 resultant of the only possible kinetic revolutions, that derive their 
 cause from the vibrator}', centrifugal and generative forces from 
 the final, \isible, resultant revolution, together with that other 
 vibratorN- force that a planet is constantly receiving from the out- 
 side, the ether or what sientists call the rays of the sun, and other 
 ethereralized sulwtances that are now and ever have been entering 
 into its control since the nebulous formation of this planet. As 
 there is a pressure towards a common center — or, with the orbicu- 
 lar motions, common centers — it is continually being condensed or 
 solidified, thus yielding up its vibratory force into the vibratory 
 median i-m of our ])lanet. 
 
 Can the reader contemplate the uiithinkahle amount of force 
 that lias been \ ielded U]) to the running of our planet i)y the 
 solidifying or niateriali/iiig ol" the \asl auiouiil ol matter of which 
 our eartli is eoiiijiosed ? 
 
 When form is nio\ing north it i^ inipossil)le for it to move 
 soutli at the same time Now, as between north and south, there 
 is an infinity in stability, no wavering or deviating, no attributes of 
 Omnipresence to cloud the student's mind, as far as that ])henom- 
 ena is C(jncerned. Now, when all [\\v possibilities of nioli< n or 
 revolution are created, there is an infinitv in stal:ilit\- on all of its 
 lines ol' motion or ])lanes ol revolution, and wlieu form has tiee 
 access to space and organizes in a s>stini ot niechaiiisni and uni- 
 formity, there is a perfei-t inlinit\- in llu' stabilitN of tin w liole svs- 
 ti-m ; ii it was not so, chaos, instead ofoidei. would hIl^u supreme. 
 
I am an engineer by trade and know something al>ont a steam 
 boiler, and I will say that the only difference between the action 
 of vibration in the steam boiler and in the dynamo in the power- 
 house is that the vibratory energy in the boiler is vil)ration in pro- 
 miscuity, has a pressure in all directions, is held in place by the 
 shell of the boiler and is taken out in a pipe and used in the cylin- 
 der. The vibration in the dynamo is vibration in unilbnnity, and 
 organizes in a mechanical s>steni tliac confines itself and has a 
 pressure toward a common center — a wire is run in and takes it 
 out and uses it, for instance, in the motor under a car, that has less 
 pressure than the dynamo. Here let me say that ever\- rain-drop 
 organizes that way and has a pressure toward a common center 
 and not only organizes water, but heat and other etherealized sub- 
 stances in a sphere around it, as our earth does the atmosphere. 
 And this solves the query of why a thunder-shower cools the air. 
 The air being a poor conductor of heat, it cannot descend alone, 
 so each rain-drop takes some down to the earth, which is a good 
 conductor of heat. 
 
 There is no such condition as a constant pull from the center 
 of a revolving body, caused by what Newton called the centrifugal 
 force ; the pull is caused by vibration and is a generative force ; as 
 the form is moving in two directions at the same time, as Newton 
 showed, the resultant is what he called the centrifugal force. 
 Now, that force being generative and from two causes, dual in its 
 action and continually renewing that dual condition, the product 
 must be an alternate condition of motion and rest ; but our senses 
 are not acute enough to detect the rest, for it is not an action of 
 the form but the vibration of the ultimate substance of the form, 
 and the illusive pull is the action of the absolute in form, or ot 
 form ; and as I show in the illustration of the sheep, the units ot 
 the form are not doing what the form appears to our senses to be 
 doing, and neither our sen.se of sight nor our sense of feeling is 
 acute enough to detect the rest in the vibrations, which are al\\a>s 
 dual in their action. In any one plane any three points in spacf 
 are always in one plane. The pull from the center of a revolving- 
 body seems like a constant pull from the center ; we cannot detect 
 the rest, but a second revolution will do it, and in the primary 
 revolutions there is nocentifugal force of the form — that force is in 
 the form and not of it, and is transferred to the product or result- 
 ant fr(mi the two j)rimary re\-olutions. Now, if two primary 
 revolutions are able to convert or divert their centrifugal force to a 
 resultant revolution as they do, and three primary revolutions 
 
— 28 — 
 
 divert their centrifugal forces to a common product of revolution 
 as they do, why will not the common product or resultant revolu- 
 tion, by crossing its lines of least resistance, be able to convert its 
 centrifugal forces through the khietic energy back into the first 
 primary revolution, and create a never-ending chain of vibratory 
 action in a system of uniiorm mechanical action ? 
 
 Now, in the common transactions of every day life, we think 
 it nothing strange or unreasonable to see two or more separate and 
 distinct physical causes operating to bring about one effect, as 
 when we travel on a steamboat propelled by two engines, a coach 
 drawn by six horses, or a boat rowed by ten men ; but it seems 
 never to have occurred to any one to look for more than one cause 
 for gravitation and the tides. Now, what I claim is that all effects 
 are the product of motions and vibration, and without motion and 
 vibration there can be no effect ; that the vibration in the form is 
 a separate and distinct cause in each of its separate planes of 
 dimension, and, when free to act, works in harmony to bring about 
 one effect, and the effect is the only action we can recognize by our 
 senses. 
 
 Let me illustrate this centrifugal force. Seat your self in a 
 chair at the center of a revolving table, say forty feet in diameter; 
 seat another man in a chair at the circumference or outer edge 
 facing you ; connect your hand with his by a string ; then revolve 
 the table at the rate of one hundred revolutions a minute. The 
 man in tlie outer chair will pull on the string one-half of the way 
 around during the first revolution, and slacken the string the other 
 half; the second revolution he will j)ull and slacken twice, the 
 third revolution he will pull and slacken four times ; the fourth, 
 eight times; the fifth, sixteen times ; the sixth, thirty-two times, 
 and so on, sixty-four, one hundred and twenlx' eight, etc. How 
 far would he have to dcjuble the pull and slack before it would 
 deceive the sense of feeling of the man at the center, and make 
 him think that it was a constant pnll '^ lUit it ne\er \\t)uKi lie. if 
 you ran it up into the hundreds of millions. .As Tesla tells abt)ut 
 that other condition of vibration, so this centrifugal force is not a 
 constant pull l)Ut a generative force, and constantly being renewed. 
 But no revolution was ever created bv man so rapid that the 
 second rex'olution, on another axis of the same form, would not 
 form a resultant with the first centrifugal force and transfer the 
 two centrifugal forces to the resultant rexoliition. 
 
 Let me give another illustration. 1 will >tand \(in in a \alley 
 five miles away, facing a side hill witli a nnitonu >;rade, at an angle 
 
— 29 ^ 
 
 of forty-five degrees. I will mark the hill off in ten foot squares, 
 with the diagonal of the squares facing you. I will then place two 
 sheep on each corner of the squares, facing down the lines of the 
 squares, and have them all commence to walk down the lines of 
 the squares. I will ask you what you see on the hill. You will 
 say that you see a band or herd of sheep that are so far away that 
 you cannot see an individual sheep, but you see the band or herd 
 that they create. I will tell you that a band or herd of sheep is not 
 an entity, that it has no existence as a reality, that it is only a con- 
 dition of the sheep ; take away the sheep and where is your band 
 or herd ? I ask you what are they doing ? You will say the band 
 is coming straight down the hill, which would be on the lines of 
 the diagonals of the .squares. I hand you a spy-glass and you look 
 through it at the band, and you say, " Oh ! yes, I was mistaken ; 
 they are not coming straight toward me, it was an illusion of the 
 sight ; each sheep is coming at an angle of forty-five degrees to the 
 diagonal of the squares. I can see the units that create the illu- 
 sion, and not the form." 
 
 Apply this to the absolute of all form and you will see that 
 the illusion can never be removed by our senses, for the abso- 
 lute can never be seen. Anything real can have but one name, all 
 other names are names of conditions ; but in order to place these 
 names properly we must know on which side of the line we stand, 
 that line that lies between the realm of form and the realm oi" the 
 real ; and that line will be defined, not alone by studying what 
 matter is, but what it does ; for all the knowledge that can be 
 grasped by the human mind is the product of action, as well as 
 being, since all forms are created and maintained by action. 
 
 Some years since I visited the University of California, and 
 enjoyed an interview with Prof John Le Conte. While showing 
 me his experimental appliances he had occasion to display the 
 gyroscope, and referred to it as the mechanical paradox. I said to 
 him. " Professor, why do you call the gyroscope a mechanical par- 
 adox? Is not the top as much a paradox as the gyroscope ? " 
 
 He said, " Yes, fully as much, so I do not know why we have 
 not called it such." 
 
 I then put the question, " What is your theory of the action 
 of the top ? The top is a cone sitting on its apex. Place a piece 
 of wood in a lathe fashioned as true as human skill can build ; turn 
 it down as accurately as human art can accomplish ; set it on its 
 apex and level it with a spirit level, leave it to itself, and at the 
 least oscillation it will fall, and the oscillation is bound to come. 
 
— 30 — 
 
 No human being ever made a cone set on its apex ; but if you give 
 
 it a spinning motion it will not fall ? Now, Professor, what is 
 your theory of the reason that it does not fall, Avhen running as 
 when standing ? ' ' 
 
 "Yes," he said, "that is the question — you have stated it 
 correctly. We have but one theory and I am not prepared to say 
 that it is correct ; but it is the only one we have, and we will have 
 to keep it until we have another." 
 
 Then I said. " Professor, what is the theory ?" 
 
 He replied, " It is impossible to create z. perfect point; grind a 
 needle down with the greatest of skill and then look at it through 
 the microscope, and you will see a blunt point. The top not hav- 
 ing a perfect point, works to an upright position on this imperfect 
 point as it revolves." 
 
 " Professor." said I, "That theorx- will not work, there is 
 nothing in it." 
 
 He laughingl\- said that he was not prepared to say that there 
 was, but it was the only theory extant. 
 
 I continued: "Now, Professor, I ha\-e a theory why the top 
 does not fall when running as it does when standing." 
 
 "What is it?" he inquired. 
 
 " I told him to let me have a piece of paper and allow me to 
 demonstrate. 1 then marked out two tops, one standing vertical 
 and the other at an angle of about thirty degrees, and showed that 
 it was impossible for matter or form to move in more than three 
 directions at the same time in its primary motions; that the top. 
 when revoh'ing. is fullfilling that limit in all its parts ; that when 
 the top is N-ertical these three motions are all at right angles to 
 each other and have three resultant motions. Consider the two 
 motions as defined b\' Newton in a revolving body, the centripetal 
 and centrifugal, and a downward motion toward the center of the 
 earth, the centripetal motion of the earth —but that motion we do 
 not notice for we nio\e with it. Now, the two resultant motions 
 on opposite sides of the to]), the product of the downward motion 
 and the centripetal motion, press toward the axis ot the toj) and 
 form e(|uilateral lines of ])ressure ; but, as the downward motion 
 never changes, if the to]) leans over a little the centrii)etal motion 
 on one side oi tlie top forms an obtuse angle and on thr other an 
 acute angle with the downward moti()n, thus tlirowing the lop up 
 to a vertical position, if the re\-olution is strong enough. 
 
 The Professoi reflected a inonnail and said, " 1 ,ini not pre- 
 pared to sa\' that nou arc wrong ; I will look into it." 
 
— . 31 — 
 
 Illusions that are created and maintained b\' the motion of 
 form are sometimes removed i)y the proper exercise of our senses, 
 but the illusions that are created by the vibration of the absolute 
 of the form, can only be removed by our reasoning faculties in con- 
 nection with a knowledge of all the possible conditions of vibration 
 within the form itself. 
 
 Speaking of the fourth condition of motion, I will sa\- to those 
 men who are talking so much about the bringing of rain by firing 
 of cannon and exploding gases in the air, that there is a right way 
 and a wrong way to explode and fire your cannon. You can shoot 
 in uniformity or promiscuity, as explained in another place. 
 When matter organizes in the fourth condition of motion, a sphere 
 is the final limit of form and it has a pressure toward a common 
 center ; that sphere is held in that form by the fourth condition of 
 motion, as is our earth, a cyclone or a waterspout. Now, in order 
 to create that condition by the firing of cannon, it must be done 
 mechanically. Take the hexahedron or cube, place it mechani- 
 cally with the four cardinal points of the compass, take forty-eight 
 cannon more or less — as long as the number is uniform in division 
 with the six sides of the cube — place eight on the north side shoot- 
 ing west, eight on the south side shooting east, eight on the west 
 side shooting up, eight on the east side shooting down, eight on 
 the top shooting south, eight on the bottom shooting north. 
 Then if these cannon are shot, one on each of the six sides simul- 
 taneously, in rapid succession until they are all discharged, you 
 will create the three primary revolutions, as descrii)ed in another 
 place in this book ; and the other kinetic system is a spontaneity 
 and creates itself without cannon and merges with the primary 
 system, and you have the fourth condition of motion of torm, a 
 sphere of air, and like a cyclone or a waterspout w itli a pressure 
 toward a common center; and it will condense the moisture and 
 produce rain as the cyclone and cloudburst do. On this coast it 
 would gather the moisture and condense the vapor, that is con- 
 stantly being drifted into the interior by the sea breeze, and hold 
 it until it bursts, then you have the rain ; but let me say that this 
 should be done as high in the air as possible, for if done on the 
 ground in a narrow vallev it would not be a success. It should be 
 performed on the top of a hill, so as to give it room to organize, 
 and to act after organizing, and to travel in its three orbits. 
 
 Speaking again of the fourth condition of motion, let me say 
 to the men who are experimenting with the flying machine, that if 
 they will imitate the bird they will have better success. The bird 
 
being the nucleus of a magnetic vibratory system, and being insu- 
 lated witli its feathers, a gootl non-conductor, the bird has the 
 power witli its wings to change in rapid succession the center of 
 common pressure of the fourth condition of nioticni, up and down 
 and forward, and the bird takes a visible resultant ])alh ; the faster 
 the bird flies, the further forward the common CLMiter is thrown; 
 the bird's orbicular motion forms a resultant with the axillary 
 motion of the magnetic system around and in the l)ird's body and 
 creates a pressure a little ahead of what it would be if the bird was 
 at rest. The bird may have the power to change the common cen- 
 ter to some extent. In- tlie volition of its will, by a contraction of 
 its muscles through the operation of its nerves. 
 
 I do not expect to gain credit from the scientific world 1)\- 
 writing this pamphlet, for, amateur and unlettered as I am, I can- 
 not claim that it has been done with that clearness and l)riiliancy 
 which has distinguislied the writings of men like Faraday, Darwin 
 and Pasteur; but I do expect to see the day when the scientific 
 world will be as unwilling to admit the truth of Newton's theory 
 of the laws of gravitation and the tides, as they now are to admit 
 tho.se other theories that they had in their text books, such as, that 
 nature abhors a vacuum, and that the stm's light was a radiation 
 instead of a vibration through an intervening medium, aiid now in 
 their text books, in their colloquial language, they say that bal- 
 loons, hot air, etc., rise because they are light. In their older 
 books it was stated more explicitly, and therefore much more 
 clearl\ , that the\- possessed a qualit\' called "levity," which was 
 opposed to heaviness; heaviness made things tend downward, 
 levity made things tend upward ; it was a sort of action at a dis- 
 tance, at least it would have required such an hypothesis if it had 
 survived until Newton told them that heaviness was due to the 
 action of the earth. 
 
 I presume if .some scientist had not proved that the air had 
 weight the text books by this time would have told us that levity 
 was due to the action of Heaven, and where is the theory received 
 from Newton, "gravity" in place of " heaviness, " any better than 
 levity without a mechanical cause to support it? A mechan- 
 ical cause was found for levil\-, and I i-laini that I have found a 
 mechanical cause for gravity. Their " le\-it\- and i^iaxitx theory " 
 acting ill opposite directions, u]) and down, acting at a distance 
 without any claim of an intervening medium or mechauital cause, 
 had as much reason to support it, as their theory i>l the two tides, 
 one on each side of the earth, aiiing in opposite directions from a 
 cause acting' in one direction. 
 
When Galileo said the earth revolved he was called crazy, 
 and now that I say that tlie illusive, visible and resultant revolu- 
 tion of the form that he discovered, is only the resultant product 
 of the vibratory mechanical systems of the real invisible revolu- 
 tions of the ultimate substance of the form, I, too, will be called 
 crazy. But I will console myself with the knowledge that these 
 people of to-day are but the descendants of those who murdered 
 Socrates, tolerated the persecutions of Galileo, and deserted 
 Columbus; that the evolution of the human race is slow and many 
 errors mingle with the knowledge transmitted from one generation 
 to another; and it is too often the case, at this late day of toleration 
 and enlightenment, that the persons who are the first to discover 
 these errors are denounced as cranks and lunatics. It is difficult 
 to dislodge error from the minds of some men who have sustained 
 and believed them for a life-time; " convince a man against his 
 will, he's of the same opinion still." I will add : 
 
 " \Mien proven wrong by facts and truth. 
 
 Hell cling to hobbies taught in youth." 
 So it is, both in science and religion, men will cling to the 
 crude theories of ancient times without either reason or sense for 
 their support, and they do this rather than believe in a new theory 
 having both reason and sense for support, and carrying indisputa- 
 ble facts for their conviction. 
 
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