HOLA: COMPANK THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION CONTAINING EXERCISES IN THE rijragrapjjn, gcnbation, raft Classification OF ENGLISH WORDS. REVISED EDITION, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND A COPIOUS INDEX, BY RUFUS W. BAILEY. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY E. II. BUTLER & CO. 1862. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1841, by HEXRY PERKINS, In the Clerk's OBice of th District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered, afc'/cirj :o Act of Congress, in the year 1R54, by CLARK & HESSER, in the Clerk's OEc of the District Court uf the Uuited States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by K. II. IJUTLEK & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of rennsylvania. PUBLISHERS' NOTE. THE publishers of the Scholar's Companion desire to express their thanks to the teachers and friends of education throughout the United States for the very liberal patronage extended to this work. To make it still more worthy of favour, it has been stereotyped entirely anew, and without, it is hoped, a typogra- phical error. PHILADELPHIA, July 4, 1859. INTRODUCTION. THE "SCHOLAR'S COMPANION" has been too long before the public, and too widely endorsed, to require a labored defence as a text-book for schools. The sale of half a million of copies in more than a hundred editions, with an increasing demand, is sufficient indication of the esti- mate in which it is held. In revising it for a new edition, it has not been thought best to attempt any alteration in the plan or arrangement of the text. This, besides the doubtful utility, would render the new edition unfit to be used with those already in extensive use in the schools. Some more marked distinctions in the old arrangement, with a copious index for easy reference, with an improved typography aiid style of mechanical execution, is all the Publishers deem necessary to meet the wishes of its numerous patrons. These improvements have been effected at considerable expense, and it is hoped they will be acceptable. Part I. embraces a large and judicious selection of cognate words, requiring the particular attention of the learner to their orthography and orthoepy ; also a list of equivocal words, or words spelled and pronounced alike, but used in different significations, and a corrected list of others that are improperly spelled and used. These selections are not unnecessarily multiplied, and yet they are fully sufficient for all practical purposes. Part II. treats of the composition and the derivation of words. The learner who makes himself familiar with the prefixes and suffixes, as here presented in a few pages, will hardly need more for all practical purposes to enable him to recognise readily their proper force and effect. The etymology of words derived from the Latin and the Greek is of leading importance, because such words are the most numerous. Language, in its principles and its structure, is necessarily, and everywhere, the same. The Latin and Greek scholar has the advantage of the mere English scholar in this only, a facility in tracing the ety- 202905 4 INTRODUCTION. mology of a large class of our words which hare been derived from those languages. Yet by a careful study of the etymology of the words whose derivation is traced in the following pages, the English scholar will find his only compensation for the lack of that classical learning which can be obtained only by a long course of study. To the classi- cal scholar, these exercises will be doubly useful and interesting. Part III. embraces the important study of synonyms. The import- ance of this branch of the study of words can be duly appreciated only by those who have pursued it critically. It is indispensable to a correct use of language, and has contributed essentially to place the few who have attained the highest eminence in scholarship above the others of high position. Augustine said of Cicero, " Ille verborum vigilantissimus appensor ac mensor" a skilful mint-master, a subtle watcher and weigher of words. Of all masters of the English language, hone perhaps deserves so nearly a comparison with Cicero as Daniel Webster. All who have ever aided him in placing his thoughts upon paper and he was often obliged to employ amanuenses can testify how critically he watched and weighed his words, how accurately he discriminated, how he would discourse on the nice shades of distinction when he required the change of a word, how he was capable of showing clearly, etymologically, historically, eloquently, and convincingly, a difference where ordinary scholars had discerned only a simple synonym. This made his defini- tions and opinions of authority, and will for ever place his written dis- cussions in every department among the most cherished classics of English literature. The subject is fairly opened in these pages, and enough is here col- lated for a class-book; enough, too, to awaken an interest which may lead the inquiring mind to pursue the subject in more elaborate treatises. These may be found at hand in " Roget's Thesaurus of English words," revised and edited by Dr. Sears, a work of sterling merit and priceless value to the scholar who would attain to accuracy in writing or speaking his mother-tongue. " Trench on the Study of Words" may also be recommended as a book which unites the interest of a novel with a most critical and discriminating philological discussion. "How often," says Trench, "do the great masters of style in every tongue, perhaps none so often as Cicero, the greatest of all, pause to discriminate between the words they are using ; how much care and labor, how much subtlety of thought they have counted well bestowed on the operation ; how much importance do they avowedly attach to it ! Not to say that his works, even where he does not intend it, will be a continual lesson in this respect, a great writer, merely in the accuracy with which he employs words, will always be exercising us in synony- mous discrimination. INTRODUCTION. O " Nor is this habit of discrimination valuable only as a part of our intellectual training ; but what a positive increase is it of mental wealth when we have learned to discern between things which really differ, but have been hitherto confused in our minds ; and have made these distinctions permanently our own in the only way by which they can be secure, that is. by assigning to each its appropriate word and peculiar sign. " What a help, moreover, will it prove to the writing of a good English style, if instead of having many words before us, and choosing almost at random and hap-hazard from among them, we at once know which, and which only, we ought in the case before us to employ, which will be the exact vesture of our thoughts. It is the first characteristic of a well-dressed man that his clothes fit him; that they are not too small and shrunken here, too large and loose there. Now it is precisely such a prime characteristic of a good style that the words fit close to the thoughts: they will not be too big here, hanging like a giant's robe on the limbs of a dwarf; nor too small there, as a boy's garment into which the man has with difficulty and ridiculously thrust himself. We do not feel in one place that the writer means more than he has succeeded in saying ; in another, that he has said more than he mqans ; in a third, something beside what his intention was and all this from a want of dexterity in employing the instrument of language, of precision ia knowing what words would be the exactest correspondents and fittest exponents of his thought." Words are to be considered principally in two relations, viz. : in their definite meaning, and in their grammatical construction. In their latter aspect, we learn the structure of language, the different classes of words with their philosophical uses and relative importance in the former, the force and distinct signification of each separate word. This requires an accurate knowledge of their origin and authorized use, In tracing the etymology of words, we go first to the original words in the language where they have been first employed, or to their first formation, if original, in our own language. Thence we trace their related meanings, the modified uses to which they have been applied, and the new significations which, in process of time, have been assigned to them. Sometimes a Avord is entirely changed from its original mean- ing, and is used not only in varied but in opposite senses. Words are constantly manufactured too for the times, for the new things that are made the subject of thought, or for the new modes of thought that are entertained. They are also formed by the combination of different words ; by affixes and suffixes. They are thus, at different periods, changed or modified in meaning, and new words are invented. Language, the first necessity of the mind, is not only the instrument 6 INTRODUCTION. but the nutriment of thought, " essential to the activity of our specu- lative powers, modifying, by its changes, the growth and complexion of the faculties it feeds." The importance of language, then, is readily perceived in its necessity, its controlling influence, and its uses. It is necessary to the develop- ment of mind and to civilization. The language of a nation or of an individual tests the character as accurately as the thermometer tests the elevation of the temperature, or as the consols of England indicate the value of money in the market. Thought is the capital deposit of the mind ; Language the medium of exchange and intercommunication. The consols of the race man consist of the united stock of all these separate deposits, where the value of each is set forth and certified in language, the instrument of thought. Books written become the indentures of a common partner- ship. Here, the treasures "unhedged, lie open in one common field, and bid all welcome to the vital feast." The study of language as a mental discipline, is, perhaps, of greater influence than any other study : not generally so considered, only, per- haps, because like everything common, its true position and true influ- ence are lost in the subtle involution of its power with any study that is new, startling, or difficult. We must analyze the mind's operations in the solution of problems in science, or labored results in philosophy, before we can detect the nice distinctions required, and sought out, and discovered in the words and forms of speech which we use to define our propositions and elucidate our arguments. Here is a field for philosophy, for logic, for mental enterprise, for keen analysis, and nice discrimina- tion. Here, in the clear exhibition of results to others requiring the logic, the philosophy, the illumination of language a mental activity is exercised more important to a healthful discipline than in most, per- haps than in any, other profound investigations prosecuted in thought. The study of words is the study of philosophy, of history, of morals. We may read a nation's history in a nation's words. Mind is there stereotyped in form and feature like the reality of life. There is often more of true history to be learned in a Dictionary, which cannot lie, than in written annals, which may be framed by prejudice, pride, affec- tation, misconception, or intended falsehood. Tradition is shadowy ; memories may be partial ; history, even, is often poetic, mixed with fiction. But a nation's language is itself, the record of the day and the hour, and the honest reality of its acting, thinking, speaking. Words are things. In everything, therefore, which they fairly indicate, they are reliable. The study of words, then, becomes something more than a detail of vocables, a tissue of sounds : " 'Tis food, 'tis strength, 'tis life." INTRODUCTION. 7 The study of words has never yet had its proper place in the educa- tional course. If pursued at all, it has been a study of definitions merely, disconnected with etymology. We here trace the stream to its sources, explore its fruitful branches and its delta, where, by a hundred mouths, it brings down accumulated treasures to a common reservoir of human thought, whence, as from the ocean, is exhaled a healthful influence that refreshes the whole face of the earth. ' Word warriors" have caused more bloodshed and misery than all the executioners of martyrs to truth and principle. Books have been written, treasures squandered, controversies exasperated, eternal hatred engendered, armies brought into deadly conflict, and nations revolu- tionized or destroyed, for a word: more than this, for a word misun- derstood, for an illusion. " One word interposed Makes enemies of nations that had else, Like kindred drops, been mingled into one." Theological controversies, political asperities, judicial litigations, per- sonal animosities, have their origin and vitality most often in the mis- understanding of words. This, unperceived by the contending parties, is often obvious to the disinterested observer sometimes apparent to the combatants themselves after all the mischief has been done, past remedy. That which is so often fatal to truth and to right in social life, is also injurious to the individual mind in all its own inquiries and activities. We think in words. Hence these words must truly represent their antitypes, else the mind deceives itself, and is at war with its own opinions. Thus the mind becomes its own tormentor, biting and devour- ing itself; or urged on to conflict without an object, it builds a man of straw, applies the faggot, and is consumed by the fire it has wantonly kindled ; or like the viper bites itself to death, a suicide without a cause. Thus it is not without a philosophical reason the Saviour said to the Pharisees: "By thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned." The connection between the words we utter and the moral emotions, is palpable to every man who has studied the mental processes of his own consciousness. Physiologically, the con- nection between the vocal organs and the brain is known to be delicately sensitive and powerfully reciprocal. The same may be true, meta- physically, between the verbal definitions in our mental activities and the permanent impressions of principles on the mental and moral emo- tions. In the spiritual state, these verbal mental processes place in permanent forms what words, uttered or written, stereotype in vocables. INTRODUCTION. They are then ours, adopted, attach to the mind as a part of itself, and become permanently operative A man's thoughts, which are words uttered in himself, are the record by which he may read himself as truly as the opinion, written or spoken and defended, reveals him to others. Habits of thinking are as important, often more important, on permanent forms of character than habits of speaking. Hence the wisdom of that caution, "Be careful of thy words, whether in thought or utterance." Definitely, the study of words is the object of this treatise, intended to initiate the young learner early into the habit of a critical definition of the language he uses. Beyond mere orthography and correct pronun- ciation, it is designed to introduce the young mind into the inner life of words, and thus into the inner life of the soul It is a spelling- book, but that is not all. It teaches correct pronunciation, but that is not all. It is a defining Dictionary, but still more, it discriminates the nicest shades of difference in words, in thought, and contributes eminently to form the mind to truth, and the character to uprightness, and the soul for its immortal destiny. If we may have contributed to awaken the minds of Teachers and educationists to the true dignity, importance, and influence of the study ofu-ords, we have installed our subject in its proper place, and accom- plished the object of this brief Introduction to the SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. K. W. BAILBY. CONTENTS. PART I. CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS ACCORDING TO ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION'. PAGS CHAP. I. Words pronounced exactly alike, but spelled differ- ently ; arranged according to the sound of the prin- cipal vowel, 9 CHAP. II. Words of similar pronunciation. 1. The first of each pair having the sound of *, the second ofz, 19 2. The first of each pair ending in ts, . . . .20 3. ending in le, .... 21 4. having an /, the latter a v, . 21 5. ending in er or or, the second in ure or eur, .... 21 6. The second of each pair aspirated, .... 22 7. beginning with h, . .22 8. The first of each pair having the sound of a in mat ; the second of e in met, 23 9. Several sounds of a and e compared, .... 24 10. The first of each pair having the sound of e in mete, . 24 11. Sounds of e and i compared, 25 12. The first of each pair having the sound of o in more, . 25 13. Several sounds of o and other vowels compared, . . 26 14. The first of each pair having the sound of o in move, . 26 15. Words to be carefully distinguished, .... 26 16. Words often confounded from improperly introducing or omitting the sound of r, 29 17. Dissyllables differing in accent, 30 18. Words spelled alike but pronounced differently, . . 33 CHAP. III. Equivocal words, 35 CHAP. IV. Improprieties heard in conversation, ... 44 CHAP. V. Rule in orthography, 46 (9) 10 CONTEXTS. PART II. DERIVATION'. CHAP. I. General account of derivation and composition, . . 48 Prefixes, 50 Suffixes, 52 CHAP. II. Words derived from the Latin, 55 CHAP. III. Words derived from the Greek, . . . .169 CHAP. IV. Miscellaneous tables, 200 1. Corresponding derivatives, .... 200 2. Greek and Latin plurals, 201 3. Latin words and phrases, .... 203 4. French words and phrases, .... 207 5. Abbreviations, 211 6. Words derived chiefly from classical proper names, 214 PART III. ENGLISH SYNONYMS, . . . .221 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. PART I. CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS ACCORDING TO ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION. To the Teacher. In using Part I., various modes of study and recitation may be employed, and it will usually be found best to pursue no oue mode exclusively. But it is earnestly recommended to the teacher to employ a variety of irritteit, as well as oral exercises, in the classes which are studying this Part. Let the pupils be required (for instance), to form sentences which shall contain the words of the lesson; and let the plan of the composition be simple or more difficult, according to the age and attainments of the class. Written exercises of this kind may be varied to almost any extent, and will be found on many accounts advantageous in the prosecution of such studies- CHAPTER I. Words pronounced exactly alike, but spelled differently; arranged according to the sound of the principal vowel. A as iu mate. ALE, a malt liquor. AIL, to affect unpleasantly. ATE, did eat. AIT. a small island in a river. EIGHT, a number. A'TE, the goddess of mischief. EIGH'TY, fourscore. BA'CON, smoked pork. BAK'EN, cooked in an oven. BALE, a pack of goods. BAIL, a surety. BATE, to deduct. BAIT, an allurement. BAY, a color; a tree. BEY, a Turkish governor. BAYS, [pi. of Bay] a garland. BAIZE, a kind of cloth. j BRAID, to plait. BRAYED, did bray. BRAKE, fern ; a thicket. BREAK, to part by force. CANE, a walking stick. CAIN, a man's name. CHASTE, pure. CHASED, pursued. DANE, a native of Denmark. DEIGN, to condescend. DAY, a period of time. DEY, the governor of Algiers. FAINT, languid; weak. FEINT, a pretence. (9) THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. ( 1 AST'ER, a small bottle. ^ CAST'OR, a beaver. [tioflT DRAUGHT, a drink ; a delinea- DRAFT, an order for money. HART, a sort of stag. HEART, the seat of life. MAIIK, a line; an impression. MARQUE, license for reprisals. MAR'SHAL, to arrange. MARE'SCHAL, a chief com- mander. MAR'TIAL, warlike. -1 as in all. ALL, every one. AWL, a sharp pointed tool. AL'TER. to change. AL'TAR, that on which sacri- fices were offered. AU'GUR, a soothsayer. AU'GER, a boring tool. AUGHT, anything. OUGHT, should. BALL, a spherical body. BAWL, to cry out. BALD, without hair. BAWLED, did bawl. CALL, to name. CAUL, a membrane. CAUK, a sulphate of barytes. CAULK, to stop leaks. CAUF. a box for live fish. COUGH, a convulsion of the lungs. CLAWS, talons. CLAUSE, part of a sentence. CORD, a small rope. CHORD, a musical harmony. GALL, bile ; bitterness. GAUL, a Frenchman. HALL, a large room. HAUL, to pull. MALI,, a wooden hammer. MAUL, to beat; to bruise. NAUGHT, bad ; worthless. NOUGHT, or NAUGHT, no- thing. PAUL, a man's name. PALL, a covering for the dead. PAWS, a beast's feet. PAUSE, a stop. PSAL'TER, a psalm book. SALT'ER, more salt. WALL, a partition. WAWL, to cry as a cat. E as in mete. ARREAR', what is unpaid. ARRIERE', last body of an army. BE, to exist. BEE, a stinging insect. BEECH, a tree. BEACH, the sea shore. BEER, malt liquor. BIER, a carriage for the dead. BEET, an eatable root. BEAT, to strike. BREACH, a breaking. BREECH, of a gun. DEER, an animal. DEAR, beloved ; expensive. DISCREET', prudent. DISCRETE', separate. FEET, plural of foot. FEAT, an exploit. FLEE, to run away. FLEA, a biting insect. FREEZE, to congeal with cold. FRIEZE, coarse woollen cloth GREECE, a country of Europe. GREASE, soft fat. HEEL, of the foot. HEAL, to cure. HEAR, to hearken. HERE, in this place. KEY, for a lock. QUAY, a mole, or wharf. WORDS PRONOUNCED ALIKE. 13 LEA, or LEY, a meadow. LEE, opposite to the wind. LE^F, part of a plant. LIEF, willingly. LEEK, a sort of onion. LEAK, a slow escape of fluid. MEED, reward. MEDE, a native of Media. MEAD, a liquor made from honey. MEAN, paltry; low. [pect. Mi EX, air; deportment; as- MEET, to come together. MEAT, animal food. METE, to measure. ME'TER, one who measures. ME'TRE, or METER, measure; verse. NEED, want; necessity. KNEAD, to work dough. PEACE, quiet; tranquillity. PIECE, a part. PEAK, a point; the top. PIQUE, a grudge. PEEL, a rind, or skin. PEAL, a loud sound. PEER, a nobleman. PIER, the support of an arch or bridge. PLEAS, excuses. PLEASE, to gratify; to delight. QUEEN, a king's wife. QUEAN, a worthless woman. REED, a plant. HEAD, to peruse. REEK, to emit vapor. WREAK, to inflict. SEE, to view ; to behold. SEA, the ocean. SEAL, an impression. CEIL, to make a ceiling. SEAL' I NO, fixing a seal. CEII/IXO, of a room. SKKD, of a plant. CEDE, to give up; to resign. SJSEM, to appear. ^SEAM, a joint. SEEN, viewed; beheld. SEINE, a fishing net. SCENE, a sight ; a view. SEER, a prophet. SEAR, to burn ; to wither. CERE, to cover with wax. SEIR, name of a mountain. SEAS, great waters. SEES, views; beholds. SEIZE, to lay hold of. SEN'IOR, elder. SEIGN'OR, a lord. SHAGREEN', a sort of fish skin. CHAGRIN', vexation. SHEER, pure ; unmixed. SHEAR, to clip. SHIRE, a county. SLEEVE, covering of the arm. SLEAVE, untwisted silk. STEEL, carbonized iron. STEAL, to thieve ; to pilfer. SWEET, fitted to gratify the taste. SUITE, [generally written and pronounced SUIT] re- tinue. TEAL, a water fowl. TEIL, a kind of tree. TEAR, water from the eye. TIER, a rank ; a row. TEAS, plural of tea. TEASE, to torment. TEEM, to abound. TEAM, animals harnessed to- gether. THE, the definite article. THEE, thyself. WEEK, seven days. WEAK, feeble; infirm. WEEN, to think. . WEAN, to alienate. WHEEL, a circular body. \YHEAL, a pustule. 14 ASSENT', .agreement. ASCENT', a going up. BELL, a hollow sounding body. BELLE, a gay young lady. BER'RY, a small fruit. BUR'Y, to put under ground. BET'TER, superior. [gers. BET'TOR, one who lays wa- BRED, brought up. BREAD, food made from corn. CEN'SOR, a critic. CEN'SER, a vessel for incense. CONSES'SION, a sitting together. CONCES'SION, a yielding. FER'RULE, a metallic band. FER'ULE, a wooden pallet. GUESSED, conjectured. GUEST, a visitor. HERD, a drove. HEARD, did hear. INTEN'TION, design; purpose. INTEN'SION, the act of strain- JES'SY, a woman's name. [ing. JES'SE, a man's name. LED, conducted. LEAD, a metal. LES'SEN, to make less. LES'SON, a task ; a lecture. LEV'Y, to raise money, &c. LEV'EE, a concourse ; a bank. PEN'CIL, for writing. PEN'SILE, hanging. PENDENT, hanging. PENDANT, a small flag. RED. a color. READ, did read. REST, repose. WREST, to take violently. SELL, to deliver for a price. CELL, a small cavity; a hut. SEL'LER, one who sells. CEL'LAR, a room under ground. THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. SENSE, feeling ; perception. CENSE, a public tax. SENT, participle of send. CENT, a coin. SCENT, odor. SES'SION, a sitting. CES'SION, a yielding. WETH'ER, a sheep. WEATHER, state of the air. WRETCH, a worthless person. RETCH, to attempt to vomit /as in pine. BITE, to seize with the teeth. BIGHT, one round of a cable. BY, with ; near. BUY, to purchase. CLIME, a climate. CLIMB, to mount up. DIE, to expire ; a stamp. DYE, to color. FIND, to discover. FINED, punished by fine. GUISE, appearance. GUYS, ropes. HIDE, to conceal. HIED, did hie. HIGH, lofty. HIE, to make haste. I, myself. EYE, the organ of sight. I'LL, I Will. ISLE, an island. AISLE, passage in a church. INDITE', to compose ; to write. INDICT', to accuse. LIE, a wilful falsehood. LYE, liquor from wood ashes. LI'ER, one who lies down. 'Li'AR, one who tells lies. MI'NER, a worker in a mine. MI'NOR, one under age. MITE, a little insect. MIGHT, power; ability. WORDS PRONOUNCED ALIKE. 15 NlGHT, darkness. KNIGHT, a title of honor. PRI'ER. a close inquirer. PRI'OR. former; previous. PRIES, inquires into. PRIZE, a reward ; a premium. PRIDE, self-esteem. PRIED, past tense of pry. QUIRE, 24 sheets of paper. CHOIR, a hand of singers. RICE, a species of grain. RISE, elevation. RIME, hoar frost. RHYME, agreement of sound. RITE, a ceremony. WRITE, to form letters. RIGHT, straight; correct. WRIGHT, a workman. RYE, a kind of grain. WRY, crooked; distorted. SIDE, the margin. SIGHED, did sigh. SINE, a geometrical line. fSlGN, a mark; a token. SI'ON, name of a mountain.. CI'ON, or SCI'ON, a sprout. SITE, a situation. CITE, to summon ; to quote. SIGHT, a view ; a vision. SIZE, bulk, magnitude. SIGHS, expressions of grief. SLIGHT, to neglect, SLEIGHT, an artful trick. STILE, a stairway over a wall. STYLE, manner of writing. TIDE, rush of water. TIED, fastened. TIME, duration ; season. THYME, an aromatic herb. TIRE, of a wheel; to weary. TYRE, an ancient city. VI'AL, or PHIAL, a small bottle. VI'OL, a musical instrument. VICE, sin. VISE, a kind of press. 2 / as in pin. BEEN, participle of be, BIN, a large box. BRTT'ON, a native of Britain. BRIT'AIN, England and Scot- land. Dis'cous, broad and flat. Dis'cus, a quoit. FIL'LIP, to hit with the finger. PHIL'IP, a man's name. FIL'TER, to strain liquors. PHIL'TER, a love charm. FIS'SURE, a cleft ; a crack. FISH'ER, one who catches fish. GILD, to adorn with gold. GUILD, the name of an asso- ciation. GILT, adorned with gold. GUILT, wickedness; sin. GRIS'LY, frightful; hideous. GRIZZ'LY, somewhat gray. HIM, that man. HYMN, a sacred song. IN, within. INN, a public-house. KILL, to take away life. KILN, a sort of stove. LIMB, a member. LIMN, to draw or paint. LINKS, connecting rings. LYNX, an animal. MIL'LINERY. goods of a milliner. MIL'LENARY, consisting of a thousand. MIST, a fine rain. MISSED, did miss. NIT, an insect's egg. KNIT, to weave with needles. RIG'GER. one who rigs. RIG'OR. severity ; sternness. RING, a circle; to sound. WRING, to twist. SIG'NET, a seal. CYG'NET, a young swan. 1C THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. SlLl'ciOUS, flinty. CILI'CIOUS, made of hair. SIL'LY. simple ; foolish. SCIL'LY. name of islands. SIN'GLE. alone. CIN'GLE, a girth. SINK, to fall down. CINQUE, five. SIT, to rest on a seat. CIT, a citizen. STICKS, small pieces of wood. STYX, a fabulous river. as in no. BLOTE, to dry by smoke. BLOAT, to swelL BOLL, a pod. BOLE, a kind of earth. BOWL, a basin. BORE, to make a hole. BOAR, a male swine. BORED, pierced. BOARD, a thin plank. BORNE, carried; supported. BOURNE, a limit; a boundary. Bow, an instrument. BEAU, a gay gentleman. BROACH, to open ; to utter. BROOCH, a jewel. COLE, a sort of cabbage. COAL, a kind of fuel. COARSE, rough ; gross. COURSE, order; progress. CORE, the inner part. CORPS, a body of troops. DOE, a female deer. DOUGH, unbaked bread. DOZE, to slumber. DOES, female deer. FORE, preceding. FOUR, twice two. FORTH, forward. FOURTH, next after the third. GOURD, a vegetable production. GORED, pierced with a horn. GROAN, to sigh deeply. GROWN, increased. GRO'CER, a dealer in groceries, GROSS'ER, coarser. Ho, a cry to attend. HOE, a garden tool. HOARD, to lay up. HORDE, a tribe. HOLE, a hollow place. WHOLE, entire; unbroken. HOME, one's dwelling. HOLM, the evergreen oak. Lo, behold. Low, not high. LONE, retired ; solitary. LOAN, to lend. MOAN, to lament. MOWN, cut down. MODE, manner. MOWED, cut down. j MOTE, a particle of dust. MOAT, a ditch. | Xo, not so. KNOW, to understand. XOSE, a part of the face. KNOWS, understands. ! ! or OH ! alas ! OWE, to be indebted. : ODE, a poem. OWED, did owe. j ORE, unrefined metal. OAR, a pole to row with. O'ER, over. j POLE, a long stick. POLL, the head. PORE, a minute tube. POUR, to cause to flow. PORT, a harbor. PORTE, the Turkish court. ROAN, a color. ROWN, impelled by oars. RHONE, a river in France. ROADS, highways. RHODES, an island in the Le*. vant. WORDS PRONOUNCED ALIKE. 17 KODE, did ride. ROWED, did row. ROAD, a way. ROE, a female deer. Row, to impel with oars. ROES, female deer. ROSE, a flower. ROME, a city of Italy. ROAM, to wander; to rove. ROTE, a round of words. WROTE, did write. SHONE, did shine. SHOWN, exhibited. SLOE, an animal ; sort of plum. SLOW, tardy ; not quick. So, in such manner. Sow, to scatter seed. SEW, to work with a needle. SOLD, did sell. SOLED, furnished with a sole. SOLE, only. [man. SOUL, the immortal part of SORE, tender; painful. OAR, to rise high. SWORD, a weapon. SOARED, did sour. THROE, extreme agony. THROW, to cast ; to heave. THRONE, a seat of state. THROWN, cast. TOE, part of the foot. Tow, dressed hemp ; to drag. TOLD, did tell. TOLLED, rung. TOLE, to allure. TOLL, a kind of tax. as in not. COD'LING, a sort of apple. COD'DLINQ, parboiling. COL'LAR, covering for the neck. CHO'LKK, aimer; rage. CoM'pLlMENT,a token of respect. COMPLEMENT, the full num- ber. j LOCK, a tuft of hair; a fastening, LOCH, or LOUGH, a lake. I NOT, a word of negation. KNOT, a tie. i ON'ERARY, fit for burdens. HoN'oRARY,conferring honor, PROPH'ET, a foreteller. PROF'IT, gain; advantage. SOR'REL, a color. SOR'EL, a buck in the third year. as in move. COOM, a species of soot. COOMB, a measure. To, unto ; towards. Too, likewise. Two, a couple. Oo book. HOOP, of a barrel. WHOOP, a shout. WOOD, the substance of trees. WOULD, was willing. 6 T as in tube. BLUE, a color. BLEW, did blow. BREWS, does brew. BRUISE, to hurt. BRUTE, a beast. BRUIT, noise ; a report. CREWS, ships' companies. CRUISE, to sail up and down. CREW'EL, a ball of yarn. CRUEL, savage; inhuman. DUE, owed. DEW, moisture. j EWE, a female sheep. YEW, an evergreen tree. j FEUD, a quarrel. FEOD, a tenure. FLUE, a chimney pipe. FLEW, did fly. 18 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. HUE, a color, or tint. HEW, to cut down. HUGH, a man's name. JU'RY, a set of men sworn to give a true verdict JEW'RY, the land of Judea. LU'SERN, a lynx. LU'CERNE, a sort of clover. Mu'cous, slimy. Mu'cus, a viscid fluid. MUE, or MEW, to moult. MEW, a fowl ; an enclosure. MULE, a beast. MEWL, to cry like an infant. NEW, fresh; novel. KNEW, understood. SU'ER, one who entreats. SEW'ER, a drain. THREW, did throw. THROUGH, from end to end. USE, to employ. EWES, female sheep. fas in tub. BUR'ROW, the cell of an ani- mal. BOR'OUGH, a corporation. BUT, except. BUTT, to push with the head. CHUFF, a blunt clown. CHOUGH, a sea bird. COUS'IN, a relative. COZ'EN, to defraud; to cheat. CULL'ER, a selector. COL' OR, hue. CUR'RENT, a stream ; flowing. CUR'RANT, a fruit. DUN, to ask for a debt. DONE, finished. DUST, powdered dirt. DOST, contraction of doest. FUN'GOUS, growing as a fungus. FURS, skins of beasts. FURZE, a wild shrub. JUST, honest; upright. JOUST, or JUST, a mock fight. LUMP, a shapeless mass. LOMP, a roundish fish. PLUM, a fruit. PLUMB, a leaden weight. RUFF, a plaited collar. ROUGH, coarse; uneven. RUNG, did ring. WRUNG, twisted. SKULL, the bone of the head. SCULL, a small boat. SUCK'ER, a young shoot. SUC'COR, relief; help. SUM, the whole ; the total. SOME, a part. SUN, the fountain of light. SON, a male child. SUT'LER. a seller of provisions. SUBT'LER, more cunning. SUT'TLE, neat weight. SUBT'LE, cunning; artful. TUN, a large cask. TON, 20 hundred weight. WON, gained. ONE, a single thing. Sound of u in turn. BERTH, a sleeping place in a vessel. BIRTH, coming into life. I COL'ONEL, a military officer. KER'NEL, the seed. FUR, soft hair. FIR, a tree. HERD, a drove or flock. HEARD, did hear. PEARL, a precious substance. PURL, to murmur. FUN'GUS, a spongy excres- CIR'CLE,' a round figure. cence - , SUR'CLE, a shoot', a twig. WORDS OF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 13 SERGE, a kind of cloth. SURGE, a swelling sea. URN, a vessel. p]ARN", to gain by labor. WERT, past tense of be. WORT, an herb. Sound of ou in out. Bow, to bend. BOUGH, a branch. BROWS, brinks, or edges. BROWSE, to eat shrubs. FOUL, unclean. FOWL, a large bird. OUR, belonging to us. HOUR, part of the day. ROUT, a rabble ; to defeat. ROUTE, a way. TOUS'ER, one who tears. TOW'SER, the name of a dog. WORDS OF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 1. In this section, the first of each pair has the sound ofs, and the other that of z. ADVICE', counsel. ADVISE', to give advice. BOD'ICE, a kind of waistcoat BOD'IES, material substances. CEASE, to leave off. SEIZE, to take hold of. COP'PICE, a wood of small growth. COP'IES, imitations. DACE, a kind of fish. DAYS, plural of day. DECEASE', death. DISSEIZE', to dispossess. DISEASE', sickness. DEVICE', contrivance. DEVISE', to contrive. DICE, small cubes. DIES, expires. DIVERSE', different. DI'VERS, seve'ral. DOSE, a portion of medicine. DOZE, to slumber. Fuss, a bustle. Fuzz, to fly off in particles. FRAN'CIS, a man's name. FRAN'CES, a woman's name. GLA'CIERS, fields of ice. [glass. GLA'ZIERS, workmen wno set GRACE, favor; elegance. GRAZE, to eat grass. GREECE, a country of Europe. GREASE, to smear with fat. GRIST'LY, cartilaginous. GRIZZ'LY, somewhat gray. HEARSE, a carriage for the dead. HERS, belonging to her. Hiss, the noise of a serpent. His, belonging to him. INSI'TION, a grafting, [thing. INCIS'ION, a cut into any JUICE, the fluid part. JEWS, Hebrews. LEASE, a contract for houses, &c. LEES, dregs. LOOSE, slack ; untied. LOSE, to be deprived of. MACE, a sort of spice. MAZE, an intricate place. 20 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. MUS'CLE, a shell fish. 3Iuz'zLE, to bind the mouth. PEACE, quiet; tranquillity. PEAS, a kind of pulse. PENCE, coins; pennies. PENS, writing implements. PRE'CEDENT, an example. PRES'IDENT, a governor. PRICE, the estimated equiva- lent. PRIZE, reward. PRIN'CESS, the daughter of aj king. PRIN'CES, plural of prince. \ RACE, a contest in running. RAISE, to elevate. RA'CER, a racing horse. RA'ZOR, a tool for shaving. RICE, a sort of grain. RISE, to get up. SINK, a drain. ZINC, a metal. SIGN, the name of a mount. ZION, ^ TRUTH'S," belonging to truth. TRUTHS, plural of truth. TREATISE, an essay. TREATIES, plural of treaty. 2. The first of each pair ending in ts. AC'CIDENTS, unexpected events. AC'CIDENCE, rudiments of grammar. ACTS, deeds. AXE, a chopping tool. ADHE'RENTS, partisans. ADHE'RENCE, fidelity. ASSISTANTS, helpers. ASSIST'ANCE, help. ATTEND' ANTS, those who attend, j ATTEND' ANCE, attention; ser- vice. CHANTS, sacred melodies. CHANCE, fortune ; accident. CORRESPONDENTS, persons who| correspond. [ment. ! CORRESPONDENCE, agree- COURTS, halls of justice. COURSE, race ; career. DENTS, hollow marks. DENSE, thick ; close. DEPEND'ENTS, subordinates. DEPEND'ENCE, connection ; reliance. FAULTS, defects; errors. FALSE, untrue. IN'NOCENTS, harmless beings. IN'NOCENCE, purity. IN'STANTS, moments. IN'STANCE, example. INTENTS', purposes. INTENSE', powerful. PARTS', portions. PARSE, to analyse sentences. PA'TIENTS, sick people. PA'TIENCE, forbearance. PRES'ENTS, gifts. PRES'ENCE, immediate view. PRINTS, impressions. PRINCE, a sovereign, or chief. SCENTS, perfumes. SENSE, feeling ; reason. SECTS, parties in religion. SEX, male, or female: TAL'ENTS, natural powers. TALONS, claws. TENTS, canvas houses. TENSE, strained to stiffness. WORDS OP SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 21 3. The first of each pair ending in le. A'BLE, of sufficient power. A'BEL, a man's name. BRI'DLE, a curb. BRI'DAL, relating to marriage. CHRON'ICLE, a record ; history. CHRON'ICAL, of long duration. GENTLE, mild. GENTILE, one who is not a Jew. I'DLE, unemployed. I'DOL, an image. MED'DLE, to interfere. MED'AL, a piece of metal stamped like a coin. MET'TLE, spirit ; courage. MET'AL, iron, silver, &c. ' PED'DLE, to sell as a pedler. PED'AL, a part of an organ. PRIN'CIPLE, elementary part. PRIN'CIPAL, chief. RAB'ICLE, a young root. [root. RAD'ICAL, pertaining to the 4. The first of each pair having an f, the latter a \. BEHOOF', advantage. BEHOOVE', to be fit. HALF, one of two equal parts. HALVE, to part equally. LEAF, green part of a plant. LEAVE, permission. OFF, at a distance. OF, [sound of ;,] concerning. PLAIN'TIFF, the complainant. PLAIN'TIVE, complaining. REFEREE', one referred to. REV'ERIE, irregular musing. 5. The first ending in er or or ; the latter in ur CAP'TOR, one who seizes. CAP'TURE, a seizure. CEN'SOR, a critic. CEN'SURE, blame. COUL'TER, a plough iron. CUL'TURE, cultivation. DICTA'TOR, one with absolute authority. [dictator, i DIC'TATURE, the office of a] FLEX'OR, a contracting muscle. FLEX'URE, a bending. GRAND'ER, more grand. GRAND'EUR, magnificence. IMPOS'TOR, a deceiver. IMPOS'TURE, a cheat. JEST'KR, one who jokes, [tion. GES'TURE, a significant mo- JOINT'ER, a long plane. JOINT'URE, a wife's estate. LEGISLA'TOR, a law giver. LEGISLA'TURE, the assembly which enacts laws. LIQ'UOR, a fluid. LIQ'UEUR, a spirituous cor- dial. OR'DER, method. OR'DURE, filth. PAS'TOR, a shepherd. PAST'URE, grazing land. SCULP'TOR, a carver. SCULPT'URE, carved work. TEN'OR, part in music; purport. TEN'URE, manner of holding land. 22 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. 6. Words pronounced alike, excepting (hat the latter of each pair is aspirated. AR'DOR, zeal. HARD'ER, firmer. AR'RAS, tapestry. HAR'ASS, to vex ; to plague. ART'LESS, without art. [rage. HEART'LESS, wanting cou- AWE. reverence. HAW, fruit of the hawthorn. AWL, a sharp pointed tool. HAUL, to pull. AXE, a chopping tool. HACKS, plural of hack. Cow'ARD, a fearful person. COW'HERD, one who tends ED'DY, a whirlpool. [cows. HEAD'Y, rash; heedless. EIGHT, a number. HATE, to dislike. E'THER, a volatile fluid. HEATII'ER. the plant heath. ERR, to mistake. HER, that woman. EYE, the or^ran of sight. HIGH, tall ; lofty. ISL'ANDS, lands in the sea. HIGII'LANDS, elevated re- gions. [OwE, to be indebted. HOE, a gardening tool. I OWES, is indebted. HOSE, stockings, &c. OWN. to acknowledge. HONE, a whetstone. WALES, part of Great Britain. WHALES, large sea animals. jWARE, merchandise. WHERE, in what place. j WAY, a road. WHEY, the thin part of cur- dled milk. WEAL, prosperity. WHEEL, of a machine. I WEATH'ER. state of the air. WHETH'ER, which of the two. WEN, a fleshy excrescence. WHEN, at what time. WET, moist. WHET, to sharpen. j WILE, a trick. WHILE, as long as. WINE, a fermented liquor. WHINE, to moan. 'WiT, shrewdness; humor. , WHIT, a bit. 7. Words spelled and pronounced alike, excepting that the latter of each pair begins with the sound of II. AIL, to affect unpleasantly. HAIL, frozen rain. AIR. the atmosphere. HAIR, covering of the head. AFT. behind. HAFT, a handle. ALE. a malt liquor. HALE, strong; healthy. ALL. every one! HALL, a large room. AL'TER. to change. HAL'TER, a rope. AM, I am. HAM, a kind of smoked meat. AND, also. HAND, part of the body. ANK'ER. a liquid measure. HANK'ER, to long after. AR'BOR, a bower. , HAR'BOR, a shelter. WORDS OF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 23 ARK, a chest. HARK ! listen. ARM, a limb; a branch. HARM, hurt; mischief. AR'ROW, a pointed weapon. HAR'ROW, a farming imple- ment. ART, skill ; a trade. HART, a male deer. As, like. HAS, possesses. ASH, a timber tree. HASH, minced meat. ASP, a serpent. HASP, a fastening. AT, in ; near to. HAT, cover for the head. ATE, did eat. HATE, to dislike. AUNT, a relative. HAUNT, to frequent. EAR, the organ of hearing. HEAR, to hearken. EAT, to consume. HEAT, warmth. EAVES, the edges of the roof. HEAVES, throws. EDGE, the sharp border. HEDGE, a fence of bushes. EEL, a fish. HEEL, part of the foot. ELL, a measure of length. HELL, the eternal abode of the wicked. ELM, a tree. HELM, that by which a vessel is steered. EW'ER, a kind of pitcher. HEW'ER, one who cuts down. IDES, a Roman term of time. HIDES, skins of animals. ILL, badly; unwell. HILL, a mount. IRE, rage; anger. HIRE, wages. Is, it is. His, belonging to him. IT, that thing. HIT, to strike. OAR, a pole to row with. HOAR, white. OLD, aged ; ancient. HOLD, to keep ; to possess. O'RAL, delivered by mouth. HO'RAL, relating to the hour. O'siER, a sort of willow. HO'SIER, a dealer in hosiery. OT'TER, an amphibious animal. HOT'TER, warmer. OWL, a bird. HOWL, to cry as a dog. 8. The first of each pair having the sound of a in mat; the second that of it in met. ABOLI'TION, an abolishing. EBULLI'TION, a boiling. ACCEPT', to take ; to receive. EXCEPT', to leave out. ACCESS', an approach. EXCESS', more than enough. AF'FABLF,, ready to converse. EF'FABLE, utterable. AFFECT', to move the passions. EFFECT', consequence. ASSAY', to test or try. ESSAY', to attempt. AR'RANT, infamous. ER'RANT, wandering. CAR'AT, a small weight. CA'RET, a mark in writing. THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. CATCH, to seize. KETCH, a kiud of vessel. EXPANSE', an extension. EXPENSE', cost; charge. EXTANT', in being. EXTENT', space; length. MUS'CAT, a sweet grape. MUS'KET, a small gun. PAR'ISH, a district. PERISH, to die. RAD'ISH, an eatable root. RED'DISH, somewhat red. SAL'ARY. wages. CEL'ERY, a vegetable. TAR'RIER, a delayer. TER'RIER, a sort of dog. 9. Several sounds of a and e compared. A.PPRIZE', to set a price on. APPRISE', to give notice. CAR'AT, a small weight. CA'RET, a mark in writing. CHAIR, a movable seat. CHEER, to encourage. COMMAND', to order. COMMEND', to praise. DU'AL, expressing two. DU'EL, combat between two. FAIR, beautiful. FEAR, dread. HA'LO, a bright circle. HAL'LOW, to make holy. HA' YEN, a harbor. HE A' YEN, the state of the blessed. MED'LAR, a fruit. MED'DLER, a busy-body. MO'DAL, formal. MOD'EL, a pattern. PAL'ACE, a princely house. PAL'LAS, a heathen deity. PAL' ATE, the roof of the mouth. PAL'LET, a little bed. [son. PAR'SONAGE, the house of a par- PER'SONAGE, an important person. RAI'SIN, a dried grape. REA'SON, a faculty; a cause. RARE, scarce. REAR, the hinder troop. STAR'LING, a bird. STER'LING, genuine. WEAR, to consume by use. WERE, past tense of be. YARN, spun wool. [thy- YEAHN ; to feel strong syrnpa- 10. The first of each pair having the sound ofe in mete. BEA'CON, a kind of signal. BECK'ON, to make signs. CAVALIER', a horseman. CAV'ILLER, a captious person. CK'RATE, salve made of wax. SER'RATE, formed like a aw. CLEAV'ER, a butcher's tool. CLEV'ER, suitable. CREEK, a small bay. CRICK, a cramp. CRITIQUE', a criticism. CRIT'IC, a judge of literature. DEFORM'ITY, unsightly shape. DIFFORM'ITY, variety of form. DESCENT', a going down. DIS'SENT, disagreement. WORDS OF SIMILAR PROXUXCIATIOX. 25 EAS'TER, the anniversary of our Lord's resurrection. ES'THER, a woman's name. ELIC'IT, to draw out. ILLIC'IT, unlawful. ELUDE', to escape from. ILLUDE', to deceive. EKUP'TION, a breaking out. IRRUP'TION, a breaking into. IMPE'RIAL, of an emperor. EMPYR'EAL, pure; aerial. INGE'NIOUS, skilful. INGEN'UOUS, open; candid. LEAST, smallest. LEST, for fear. LEAP'ER, a jumper. LEP'ER, a leprous person. NEI'THER, not either. NETH'ER, lower. TIERCE, [sometimes pronounced like terse,] a kind of cask. TERSE, neat; elegant. 11. Sounds oft COUN'SEL, advice. COUNCIL, an assembly. DEF'ERENCE, respect. DIFFERENCE, disagreement. EM'INENT, conspicuous; noted. IM'MINENT, threatening. POSSES'SION, property. POSI'TION, situation. and i compared. RAB'BET, a joint in carpentry. RAB'BIT, a small animal. SET, to place. SIT, to take seat. SHELL'ING, taking off shells. SHIL'LING, twelve pence. WHETH'ER, which of the two. WIIITH'ER, to what place. 12. The first in each pair having the sound of o in more. BOARD'ER, one who boards. BOR'DER, a boundary. BOAT, a small vessel. BOUGHT, purchased. BORNE, carried ; supported. BORN, brought into life. BIN'OCLE, a kind of telescope. BIN'NACLE, a compass box. BOAR, a male swine. BOOR, a clownish person. COLA'TION, the act of straining. COLLA'TION, a repast, [hair. COMB, an instrument for the COOMB, a corn measure. DOE, a female deer. Do, to perform. DOGE, a magistrate of Venice. DODGE, to start aside. DO'LOR, grief. DOL'LAR, a coin. DOME, an arched roof. DOOM, a sentence. FOLKS, people. Fox, a cunning animal. GROPE, to feel about. GROUP, a cluster. GROVE, a small wood. GROOVE, a channel. HOARSE, having a rough voice. HORSE, an animal. LOAM, a rich earth. LOOM, a weaver's frame. MOURN, to lament. MORN, morning. POUL'TRY, fowls. PAL'TRY, mean. THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. 13. Several sounds ofo and other vowels compared. BAR'ON, a nobleman. BAR'REX, uut'ruitful. CAR'ROT, a root. CAR' AT, a weight. COF'FER, a chest. COUOH'ER, one who coughs. GLUT'TONOUS, greedy. GLU'TIXOUS, sticky. GROT, a pleasant cave. GROAT, four pence. GAM'BOL, a frolic. GAM'BLE, to practise gaming. COX'SORT, a companion, [tion. Ho L' LOW, a cavity; not solid. COX'CERT, union; combina-| HAL' LOW, to make holy. CAP'ITOL, a public edifice. CAP'ITAL, principal ; chief. CONFORM A'TION, shape. CONFIRMATION, strengthen- ing. DEPOSITORY, a place of safe keeping I'DOL, an image ; a favorite. I'DLE, not industrious. OP'POSITE, contrary. AP'POSITE, suitable; proper. OR'ACLE, counsel supernaturally given. AU'RICLE, the external ear. DEPOSITARY, a person to'Pi'LOT, he who guides a ship, whom any thing is com- j PI'LATE, a man's name, niitted. [spirits, i ROT. to decay. EX'ORCISE, to cast out evil) WROUGHT, worked. EX'ERCISE, employment. FOND'LING, one caressed. FOUND'LING, an infant found. SYM'BOL, a sign ; a type. CYM'BAL, a musical instru- ment. 14. The first in each pair having the sound of o in move. BROOD, to sit over. BREWED, did brew. CHOOSE, to select. CHEWS, masticates. Do, to perform. DUE, owed. [knot. NOOSE, to catch with a running NEWS, tidings. POOR, not rich; lean. PURE, clear; innocent. ROOD, a measure of land. RUDE, rustic. BOOT'Y, plunder. [ance. BEAU'TY, pleasing appear- SHO'ER, a fastener of shoes. SURE, certain. 15. Words which have some similarity in pronunciation, but which ought to be carefully distinguished. ARRAIGN', to bring to trial. IAE'EANT, infamous; bad in a ARRANGE', to put in order. | high degree. HARANGUE', a formal oration. ] ER'RAND,^ message. WORDS OF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 27 BAL'LAD, a song. BAL'LOT, secret voting. BEE'TLE, an insect. BEA'DLE, a parish officer. BEA'GLE, a small hound. BILE, a liquid substance. BOIL, to bubble by heat. BREATH, respiration. j BREADTH, width. CAREER', a course. CAR'RIER, one who carries. CEN'TAURY, a plant. CEN'TURY, a hundred years. SEN'TRY, a guard. CHOKE, to suffocate. JOKE, a jest. CLOSE, to shut ; to end. CLOTHES, garments. CLOTH, a texture of wool, &c. CLOTHE, to dress. COALS, plural of coal. COLDS, plural of cold. COAT, a garment. QUOTE, to cite. COL'ORS, plural of color, [cles. COLURES', geographical cir- COM'EDY, a play. COM'ITY, civility. COMMIT'TEE, a body of man- agers. COM'FORT, convenience; ease. COM'FIT, a dry sweetmeat. CONCUR', to agree. CON'QUER, to overcome. COR'PORAL, an officer. CORPO'REAL, not spiritual. CUR'RIER, a leather-dresser. COU'RIER, a messenger. CUR'RANT, a small berry. COURANT', a newspaper. DESCENT', going down. DE'CENT, becoming. DESERT', to forsake. DESSERT', fruit, &c. after diu- DILU'TION, making weaker. DELU'SION, a deception. DIRE, dismal. DY'ER, one who dyes. DISEASE', a disorder. DECEASE', death. DISA'BLE, to weaken. DISHABILLE', an undress. DOE, a female deer. DAW, a chattering bird. DRONE, an idle bee. DROWN, to suffocate in water. DRAWN, pulled. EAR, a member. YEAR, a twelvemonth. EAST, where the sun rises. YEAST, barm. EI'THER, one of the two. E'THER, a volatile fluid. E'RA, a fixed point of time. HEAR'ER, one who hears. EX'ECUTER. one who performs. EXEC'UTOR, a trustee. ELIS'ION, act of cutting off. ELYS'IAN, very delightful. EW'ER, a kind of pitcher. YOUR, belonging to you. EM' AN ANT, flowing from. EM'INENT, high ; exalted. FILE, a rasping tool. FOIL, to defeat. VILE, base; wicked. FLOUR, meal. FLOWER, a blossom. FOUGHT, contended. FAULT, error; mistake. GAUL, a Frenchman. GOAL, a starting place. GAOL, a prison. GE'NIUS, a peculiar talent. GE'NUS, a kind. HIRE, wages. HIGH'ER, loftier. HOAR, white. HO'ER, one who hoes. THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. HO'LY, free from sin. WHOL'LY, entirely. HOL'LY, an evergreen tree. I'DOL, an image. FDLE, unemployed. I'DYL, a pastoral poem. IM'POTEXT, weak; powerless. IM'PUDEXT, insolent. IMPER'TIXEXT, intrusive. ISLE, an island. OIL, an unctuous matter. INCIDE', to cut into. IN'SIDE, within. INCITE', to urge. IN'SIGHT, discernment, JEST, a joke. " JUST, nearly. KlNE, COWS. COIN, stamped money. QUOIN, a kind of wedge. LEASE, a kind of contract. LEASH, a line, or strap. LEECH, a bloodsucker, LICK'ERISH, dainty; nice. LIC'ORICE, a sweet root. LIXE, a string; a row. LOIN, partTof the body. LIX'KAMEXT. a feature. LIN'IMEXT, an ointment. LIGHT'NIXG, the flash which precedes thunder. LIGHT'ENIXG, unloading. LIV'ER, one of the entrails. LI'VRE, a French coin. LOATH, unwilling. LOATHE, to dislike. LUKE, a man's name. LCOK, to see. LUCK, chance or fortune. LORE, learning. LOW'ER, deeper. LYRE, a musical instrument. LI'AR, a teller of lies. MARSH, a swamp. .MASH, to crush. MESH, the opening in a net. MAR'VEL, to wonder. MAR'BLE, a sort of stone. MAT'IX, belonging to the morn- ing. MAT'TING, stuff for mats. MES'SAGE, an errand. MESS'UAGE, a house and grounds. ME'TRE, verse. ME'TEOR, a fiery body. MIX'ISTER, an agent. MIX'STER, a monastery. MIS'SILE, thrown by hand. MIS'SAL, a mass book. MIS'LE, to rain in small drops. MORE, a greater quantity. MOW'ER, one who mows. MOUXT'AIN, a great hill. MOUX'TING, rising. MUS'LIX, fine linen. [mouth. 3Iuz'zLiNG, tying up the MUS'CAT, a sweet grape. MUSK'CAT, an animal. NICK, a notch. XICHE, a hollow for a statue. OFT'EX, frequently. OR'PHAN, a parentless child. OR'DIXAXCE, a law. ORD'XAXCE, cannon. OR'DOXXAXCE, disposition of figures in a picture. OR'ISOX, a prayer. HORI'ZOX, the line which bounds the sight. PELISSE', a coat, or habit. POLICE, internal government. PETRIFAC'TION. conversion into stone. PUTREFAC'TION, decomposi- tion. PIXT, a measure. POIXT, the small end. PISTOLE', a Spanish coin. PIS'TOL, a small hand gun. POP'ULACE, the common people. POP'ULOUS, full of people. WORDS UF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 29 PRE'SCIOUS, foreknowing. PREC'IOUS, of great value. PROPH'ECY, a prediction. PROPH'ESY, to predict. PUMACE, ground apples. PUMICE, a kind of cinder. RE'AL, true; genuine. RAIL, a bar. REEL, to stagger. REL/ICT, a widow. REL'IC, that which remains. RID'ICULE, derision. RET'ICULE, a net bag. ROAR, to cry with great voice. ROW'ER, one who rows, RUM, an alcoholic liquor. RHOMB, a quadrangular figure. SAT'YR, a sylvan god. SAT'IRE, pointed remark. SE'RIES, succession; order. SE'RIOUS, solemn ; grave. SIR'IUS, the dog-star. SHAWL, a garment. SHALL, will. SMILE, a look of pleasure. SIM'ILE, a comparison. SOAR, to rise. SOW'ER, one who sows. STAT/UTE, a law. STAT'UE, an image. STAT'URE, height of a per- son. SUR'PLUS, remainder. SUR'PLICE, a white robe. TALC, a transparent mineral. TALK, to converse. TOWER, a strong building. TOUR, a journey. TRACK, a path. TRACT, a short treatise. TIN'CAL, a mineral. TIN'KLE, a sharp quick noise. TREBLE, a part in harmony. TRIPLE, or TREBLE, consist- ing of three. TROUGH, a long vessel. TROTH, faith; fidelity. THROUGH, from side to side. THOR'OUGH, complete. VER'DURE, greenness. VER'GER, a mace bearer. VIR'GIN, a girl. VERG'ING, tending. You, thyself. YEW, a tree. 16. Words often confounded either from giving the sound of r where it does not belong, or omitting it where it should be given. AH ! an exclamation. ARE, plural of is. ALMS, gifts to the poor. ARMS, weapons. AWE, reverence. OR, a conjunction. BAA, the cry of a sheep. BAR, an obstacle. BALM, a plant. BARM, yeast. BO'A, a sort of serpent. BOAR, a male swine. BUST, a half-length statue. BURST, to break open. CALVE, to bring forth a calf. CARVE, to cut. CIN'NA, a Roman consul. SIN'NER, an evil doer. DUST, powdered substances. DURST, dared. FA'THER, a male parent. FAR'THER, more distant. FEL'LOW, a companion. FELL'ER, one who cuts down. 30 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. FOMENT', to excite. FERMENT', to work as beer. FOR' M ALLY, ceremoniously. FOR'MERLY, in times past. FUST, a mouldy smell. FIRST, foremost. GNAW, to eat by degrees. NOR, neither. GO'A, an Indian island. GORE, clotted blood. LAUD, to praise. LORD, a nobleman. LA' VA, discharge from a volcano. LA'YER, a washing vessel. LAWN, fine linen. LORN, forsaken. MA, mamma. MAR, to spoil. MAN'NA, a kind of gum. MAN'NER, method. Moss, a vegetable. MORSE, a sea-horse. NO'AH, a man's name. NORE, the entrance of the Thames. PA, papa, PAR, equality. PALM'EK, a pilgrim. PAR'MA, a city of Italy. PASS, a passage. "[cally. PARSE, to analyse grammati PETI'TION, supplication. PARTI'TION, separation. PIL'LOW, a cushion for the head. PIL'LAR, a column. Pus. purulent matter. PURSE, a money bag. QUAR'TAN, fourth day ague. QUAR'TERX, a fourth of a pint. QUO'TA, a proper share. QUO'TER, one who quotes. SOUGHT, searched after. SORT, a kind. STALK, a stem. STORK, a bird. STRA'TA, layers. STRAIGHT'ER, less crooked. TAUGHT, instructed. TORT, mischief. There is an error, which may be noticed in this connection, that should be carefully avoided; it consists in inserting an r between words, when the former ends and the latter begins with a vowel. Thus the sentence, "a boa is a sort of serpent," would be read by some as if it were, "a boar is a sort of serpent." 17. Dissyllables spelled alike, but differing in accent. Signification when the accent is on the first syllable. Not present. An abridgment. Stress of voice. A particle added to a | word . | An increase. The eighth month. A great gun. A partner. A short prayer. Signification when the accent is on the second syllable. ABSENT, To keep away. ABSTRACT, To take from. ACCENT, To mark the accents. AFFIX, To subjoin. AUGMENT, To increase. AUGUST. Grand. BOMBARD, To attack with bombs. COLLEAGUE, To unite with. COLLECT, To gather. WORDS OF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 31 Signification when the accent is on the first syllable. An agreement. COMPACT, A confederacy. COMPLOT, fiehnvior. COMPORT, A mixture. COMPOUND, A bolster of linen used in surgery. A musical performance. I COMPRESS, CONCERT, A mass formed of parts. CONCRETE, Behavior. CONDUCT, A boundary. CONFINE, A struggle. CONFLICT, A sweetmeat. CONSERVE, Companion. CONSORT, Thing contained. CONTENT, A dispute. CONTEST, A bargain. CONTRACT, Opposition. CONTRAST, Discourse. CONVERSE, One who embraces a > CONVERT, new opinion. A person found guilty. CONVICT, Attendance for defence. CONVOY, A tune. DESCANT, A compend. DIGEST, A body guard. ESCORT, An attempt. ESSAY, Commodity sent out. EXPORT, Essence drawn out. EXTRACT, A tumult. FERMENT, Contrivance. FORECAST, Anticipation. FORETASTE, Happening often. Signification. FREQUENT, IMPORT, Mark ; stamp. IMPRESS, Printer's name in the title of a book. I IMPRINT, A kind of perfume. INCENSE, Wood formed to inlay. INLAY, Natural impulse. INSTINCT, Insolence. INSULT, A thing acted on. OBJECT, Complete. PERFECT, 3 Signification when the accent I* on the second syllable. Firm ; solid. To conspire. To suit. To mingle. To force together. To contrive together. To unite into one body. To manage ; to guide. To limit; to restrain. To contest. To candy fruit. To associate with. Satisfied. To dispute. To shorten ; to bargain. To put in opposition. To talk. To turn from one con- dition to another. To prove guilty. To accompany by sea. To discourse. To concoct. To guard on a journey. To endeavor. To carry out of the country. To draw out. To be in commotion. To form schemes. To taste before. To visit often. To bring into. To print. To fix in the mind. To enrage. To insert. Animated. To treat with contempt. To oppose. To finish ; to complete. THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. Signification when the accent is on the first syllable. A particle put before a word. I PREFIX, An introduction. PRELUDE, A prognostic. PRESAGE, A declaration against. PROTEST, Passage back. REGRESS, Sale by small lots. RETAIL, One under dominion. SUBJECT, A kind of verbal noun. SUPINE, The family name. SURNAME, A view ; measure. SURVEY, Pain ; anguish. TORMENT, A conveyance. TRANSFER, A vessel of carriage. TRANSPORT, A negligent dress. UNDRESS, aification when the accent is on the second syllable. To put before. To introduce. To forbode. To declare solemnly. To go back. To sell in small lots. To put under. Negligent; careless. To add another name. To overlook. To vex ; to torture. To convey ; to remove. To banish; to enrapture. To take off the clothes. Words spelled alike, but different both in accent and sound. CEM'ENT, sticky matter. CEMENT', to agglutinate. CON'JURE, to practise charms. CONJURE', to intreat. DES'ERT, a wilderness. DESERT', to forsake. EN'TRANCE, place of entering. ENTRANCE', to put into an ecstasy. EX'ILE, banishment. EXILE', slender. GAL'LANT, high spirited. GALLANT', attentive to la- dies. MIN'UTE, a short space of time. MINUTE', small. PRES'ENT, a gift. PRESENT', to offer. PROD'UCE, product. PRODUCE', to bring forth. PROG'RESS, motion forward. PROGRESS', to advance. PROJ'ECT, a scheme. PROJECT', to jut out. REB'*L, a revolver. [thority. REBEL', to rise against au- REC'ORD, a register. RECORD', to put on record. REV'EL, a noisy feast. REVEL', to retract. TRAJ'ECT, a ferry. TRAJECT', to east through. AT'TRIBUTE, quality. ATTRIB'UTE, to ascribe. INVAL'ID, weak. IN'VALID, a sick person. O'VERCHARGE, too high a charge. OVERCHARGE', to oppress. PREC'EDENT, an example. PRECE'DENT, going before. PREM'ISES, positions assumed. PREMI'SES, explains before. SEV'ERER, one who separates, SEVER'ER, more rigorous WORDS OF SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION. 18. Words spelled alike but pronounced differently. 1st. In which ow has the sound of o in so, or of ou in thou. Bow, an instrument to shoot j Mow, to cut down. arrows. Mow, a heap of hay or grain- Bow, to bend ; to stoop. I Row, a rank or file. LOWER, to bring down. Row, a tumult; an uproar. LOWER, to appear dark. I Sow, to scatter seed. ! Sow, a female swine. 2d. In which s has the sound of s or of z. ABUSE', the ill use of a thing. ABUSE', to use ill. As, a Roman coin. As, so; like. CLOSE, shut fast ; narrow. CLOSE, the conclusion. CRUISE, a small cup. CRUISE, a voyage for plunder. DIF'FUSE, scattered. DIFFUSE', to spread. EXCUSE', an apology. EXCUSE', to pardon. GREASE, soft fat. GREASE, to smear with grease. HOUSE, a place of abode. HOUSE, to shelter. LEASE, a kind of contract. LEASE, to glean. MISUSE', a bad use. MISUSE', to misemploy. MOUSE, a little animal. MOUSE, to catch mice. REF'USE, that which is rejected. REFUSE', to reject; to deny. RESIGN*, to sign again. RESIGN', to relinquish. RISE, beginning ; increase. RISE, to ascend. USE, purpose ; convenience. USE, to employ. 3d. Various. A'TE, the goddess of mischief. ATE, devoured. AX'ES, plural of axe. AX'ES, plural of axis. COURTESY, civility. COURTESY, the reverence made by women. DENI'ER, one who denies. DENIER', a French coin. DOES, female deer. DOES, [duz] doth. DOVE, did dive. DOVE, a bird. I GILL, a quarter of a pint. GILL, a fish's organ of respi- ration. GOUT, a disease. GOUT, [.700] taste. 34 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. HIN'DER, to prevent. HIND'ER, backward. IN'TIMATE, to hint. IN'TIMATE, familiar. I'RONY, contrary meaning. IR'ONY, partaking O f iron. JOB, a piece of work. JOB, a man's name. LEAD, to conduct. LEAD, a metal. LEARN'ED, intelligent; skilful. LEARNED, did learn. LIVE, alive. LIVE, to exist. LIVES, plural of life. LIVES, does live. MANES, plural of mane. MA'NES, departed spirits. MOD'ERATE, to regulate. MOD'ERATE, temperate. NUM'BER, reckoning. XUMB'ER, more torpid. POL'ISH, to brighten. PO'LISH, belonging to Poland. POLL, the head ; a tax. POLL, a parrot's name. PUT, to place. PUT, a clown. II A' YEN, a large black bird. RAV'EN. to devour greedily. READ, to peruse. READ, perused. JREAD'ING, perusing. READ'INO, a town. SEP'ARATE, to part. SEP'ARATE, disjoined. SEW'ER, one who sews. SEW'ER, a drain. SING'ER, one who sings. SIN'GER, one who singes. SLOUGH, a deep rniry place. SLOUGH, to tall off. STATES, plural of staff. STAVES, parts of a cask. TAR'RY, to wait ; to stay. TAR'RY, smeared with tar. TEAR, water from the eye. TEAR, to rend. TI'ER, one who ties. TIER, a long row. WIND, air in motion. WIND, to twist. WOUND, twisted. WOUND, a hurt. AVORS'TED, woollen yarn. WORST'ED, defeated. EQUIVOoAL WORDS. 35 CHAPTER III. EQUIVOCAL WORDS : or words whose different significations have either no connection with each other, or none which can be easily traced. NOTE. As the words of our language have been derived from various other languages, it has often happened that two or more words entirely distinct in their origin and signification, have taken the same spelling and pronunciation in English. Thus, from the Saxon word beorcan, is derived the English word lark, signifying to make the noise of dogs ; from the French word barque, is derived bark, a vessel ; and from the Danish word bark, is derived bark, the covering of a tree. Words which thus have the same form while they are of different derivation and signification, are sometimes called parnnymous. Many of the words in the following chapter are of this class. The remaining words are such as have significations which are very different, although they are to be traced to a common origin. ^9* The abbreviation a. before a word, stands for adjective ; adv. for adverb ; con/, for conjunction ; part, for participle ; prep, for preposition ; pron. for pronoun ; . for substantive ; and v. for verb. ADDRESS', v. to accost. s. deportment ; dexterity, direction of a letter; a speech. AIR, a melody ; that which we breathe ; appearance. AN'GLE, s. a corner. v. to fish with a rod and hook. APPA'RENT, plain, visible; seeming, not real. ARCH, s. a curved roof. a. mirthful; chief. ART, s. skill. v. thou art. Ax'lS, that on which any thing revolves ; an animal. BACH'ELOR, an unmarried man ; a university degree. BAIL, a surety ; the handle of a bucket, or kettle. BAIT, s. a temptation ; refreshment. v. to worry with dogs. BALL, a sphere ; an entertainment of dancing. BANK, a heap of earth; a financial institution. BAR, a rail used to stop a passage ; the place where the criminal stands in court. BARK, s. the rind of a tree ; a stout vessel. v. to make the noise of dogs. BASTE, to pour the dripping over roasting meat ; to sew slightly. BASE, a. vile, worthless; s. the foundation. BAT, a stick to strike a ball; a flying animal. BAY, s. a tree; a small gulf; a color. v. to bark. UEAM, a large piece of timber; a ray of light. BEAR, v. to carry. s. a rough savage animal. BECOME', to enter into a new condition ; to befit. 36 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. BEE'TLE, an insect; a heavy mallet. BILL, the beak of a bird ; an account of money. BIL'LET, a small stick of wood ; a note. BIT, a small piece ; the iron put into a horse's mouth ; a boring tool. BLADE, the cutting part of a tool ; a leaf of grass. BLOW, s. a stroke. v. to puff; to blossom. BOARD, s. a thin plank. v. to live with another for a certain price. BOOT, covering for the leg; pro6t; advantage. BOUND, s. a limit; a leap. v. did bind. BOWL, s. a concave dish ; a ball. v. to roll. Box, s. a tree; a case, or chest; a slap on the ear. v. to fight with the fists. BRACE, v. to strengthen, to make firm. s. a couple. BRAKE, a fern; a thicket; an instrument for breaking flax, or hemp ; the lever by which a pump is worked ; the lever by which the wheels of a carriage, or railway cur, are checked. BRAZIER, or BRASIER, a worker in copper; a pan to hold coals. BROOK, s. a rivulet. v. to endure. BUTT, s. a liquid vessel; a kind of hinge; a person made the object of sport. v. to strike with the head. CALF, the young of a cow ; the thick part of the leg. CAN, s. a metallic cup, or bottle. v. to be able. CAPE, a headland ; a collar-piece. CA'PER, r. to skip and jump. s. a bud of a plant. CARD, s. a piece of stiff parser; a kind of advertisement v. to comb wool. CASE, a covering ; state of things ; variation of nouns. CAST, v. to throw; to form in a mould. s. a moulded form. CAT'ARACT, a waterfall ; a disease of the eye. CHARGE, care; command; accusation; expense; attack. CHASE, to hunt. [ENCHASE] to engrave with punches. CHORD, aline connecting the extremities of an arch; harmony of sounds; the string of a musical instrument. CLEAVE, to adhere; to separate; to split off. CLUB, a heavy stick; an association. COCK'LE, a shell fish ; a weed. COLLA'TION, comparison ; a repast between full meals. COMB, an instrument for the Aair; the crest of a cock; tne -waxen structure in jrfiich bees put honey. COMMIT*, to intrust; to be guilty of a crime; to send to prison. CONCORDANCE, agreement; an index to words in the Bible. CONSISTENCY, agreement with one's self; thickness. COP'Y, a model to be imitated; an imitation. CORD, a small rope; a measure of wood. EQUIVOCAL WORDS, 87 CORN, s. grain; a hard substance on the foot. v. to salt. COUNT, v. to reckon. s. an earl; a point in an indictment. -COUNTER, s. a table in a shop. a. contrary. COURT, v. to solicit. s. seat of justice; space before a house; residence of a prince; a little street. CRAB, a shell fish; a wild apple. CRAFT, cunning; small sailing vessels. CRANE, a long legged bird; an engine to raise weights; a bent tube to draw liquor out of a cask. CRICK'ET, a chirping insect; a game with bat and ball. CROP, s. the harvest; the craw of a bird. v. to cut short. CROSS, s. a straight body laid at right angles over another. a. peevish. v. to thwart; to pass over. CROW, a larsre black bird ; an iron lever ; the voice of a cock. CRY, v. to proclaim loudly ; to lament aloud. s. the call of an animal. CUE, a braid of hair; a suggestion; a turn of mind. DAM, the mother of an animal; a bank to confine water. DATE, a time; the fruit of the date tree. DEAL, s. quantity; a kind of timber. v. to traffic; to treat with; to distribute. DEAR, beloved; expensive. DECK, s. the floor of a ship. v. to dress. DESERT', s. merit. v. to forsake. DESPATCH', s. hasty execution. v. to put to death. DIE, v. to pass from life ; to tinge. s. a stamp ; a little cube. DI'ET, course of food ; an assembly of states. DI'VERS, s. they who plunge under water. a. several. DOCK, s. a place where ships are built, or moored; an herb. v. to cut off. DOWN, s. soft feathers; an open plain. ado. not up. DRAW, to drag; to let out a liquid; to delineate. DRILL, to bore holes; to exercise recruits. DRUG, a medicinal substance; an unsaleable thing. DUN, a. dark colored. v. to call for payment. EAR, the organ of hearing; a spike of corn. ELD'ER, a. older. s. the name of a shrub. ELLIP'SIS, an omission of words; an oval. ENGROSS', to occupy the whole ; to copy law writings. ENTERTAIN', to amuse; to hold in the mind. E'VEN, a. level; equal. s, evening. adv. so much as. EXACT', a. accurate. v. to require authoritatively. EXPRESS', v. to utter ; to squeeze out. a. definite. FAIR, a. beautiful; just; favorable. s. a sale. FARE, price of passage by land, or water ; provisions. / 38 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. FAST, a. firm; swift. s. abstinence from food. FAWN, s. a young deer. v. to court servilely. FEED, v. to supply with food. part, rewarded. FELL, v. did fall; to cut down. a. cruel. FEL'LOW, an associate ; one of a pair ; a mean wretch ; a trustee of a college. FELON, a criminal ; a whitlow. FELT, v. perceived. s. a substance of which hats are made. FER'RET, a sort of weasel; a kind of narrow ribbon. v. to drive out of a lurking place. FIG'URE, shape; a statue; a numerical character; a kind of simile. FILE, a rasping tool; a line on which papers are put; a line of soldiers ; a series. v. to exhibit officially. FIL'LET, a band ; the thick part of a leg of veal. FINE, a. thin; clear; splendid. s. a forfeit; the end. FIRM, a. strong; steady. s. the name of a house of trade. FIT, a. proper; suitable. s. a paroxysm. v. to suit. FLAG, s. a water plant; a paving stone; an ensign, or standard. v. to hang loose; to grow spiritless. FLAT'TER, a. more flat. v. to praise falsely. FLEET, s. a navy. a. nimble. FLOCK, a company of birds, or beasts ; a lock of wool. FLUE, a chimney; soft fur, or down. FOIL, leaf metal; a blunt sword v. to defeat. FOLD, an enclosure for sheep ; a double. FOOT, a member of the body ; a measure of twelve inches. FOR. prep, instead of; on account of. conj. because. FORGE, v. to form by the hammer ; to counterfeit. s. a furnace FOR'MER, a. before in time. s. a maker. FORT, a fortified place ; a strong side. FOUND'ER, s. one who establishes; a caster. v. to sink to the bottom; to fall. FRIEZE, a term. in architecture; the nap on cloth. FRET, to be peevish ; to wear away by rubbing. FRY, s. a swarm of young fishes. v. to cook food in a pan. FULL'ER, a. nearer full. s. a cleanser of cloth. GALL, an excrescence on the oak; a secretion of the body; 104. lignity. GAME, sport; a single match of play; animals chased. GIN, a snare ; an alcoholic liquor. GLOSS, superficial lustre; a comment. GORE, s. clotted blood. v. to pierce with a horn. GRAIN, corn ; any minute particle; a small weight. GRATE, s. a range of bars. v. to wear away by rasping; to make a harsh noise. EQUIVOCAL WORDS. GTRATE'FUL, thankful; agreeable, pleasing. GRAVE, s. the place of burial. a. not acute in sound ; serious. v. to carve figures. GRAZE, to feed ou grass; to touch lightly in passing. GREEN, colored like grass ; fresh ; immature. GROSS, a. large; coarse. s. the chief part; twelve dozen. GROUND, s. earth ; the first coat of paint. v. to found. part. sharpened by grinding; reduced to powder. HAB'IT, state of a thing; custom; dress. HAIL, s. frozen rain; an exclamation. v. to salute. HAM'PER, s. a large packing basket. v. to perplex. HAUT'BOY, a wind instrument ; a sort of strawberry. HEAV'EN, the eternal abode of the good ; the sky. HELP, to assist ; to avoid. HIDE, v. to conceal. s. the skin of an animal. HIND, a. backward. s. a female deer; a peasant. HOP, v. to jump. s. a climbing plant. HOST, the master of a feast; landlord of an inn; an army; any great number ; the sacrifice of the mass. HUE, a color ; a clamor. IN'STANCE, a case occurring ; suggestion ; urgency. IN'STANT, a. urgent ; immediate ; s. a moment. JAM, s. a conserve of fruits. v. to wedge in. JAR, a kind of vessel ; a rattling sound ; discord ; the state of a door not quite shut. JET, s. a black fossil ; a spout of water. v. to jut out. JUST, a. right. adv. exactly; nearly. KEN'NEL, a cot for dogs; a watercourse of a street. KEY, an instrument to open a lock ; that which solves a dimculty; a finger-piece on a musical instrument. KIND, a. ready to confer favors. s. a sort. KITE, a bird of prey ; a paper toy to fly. LACE, a string ; fine net work. LAKE, a large body of inland water; a color. LAP, v. to lick up; to fold. s. the part formed by the knees in a sitting posture. LAST, a. latest. v. to endure. s. the mould on which shoes are made ; a corn measure. LAWN, an open space between woods ; a linen fabric. LAY, v. to place down; to wager; did lie. s. a song. a. not clerical. LEAGUE, a confederacy; a distance of three miles. LEAN, v. to incline. s. muscular part of flesh. a. thin. LEAVE, s. permission. v. to forsake; to suffer to remain; to intrust; to refer for decision. 4() THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. LEFT, a. pertaining to the left hand. part, not taken. LET, v. to permit; to lease. s. hindrance. LKT'TER, a vowel, or consonant; an epistle; one who lets. LIE, v. to rest; to utter wilful falsehoods. s. a fiction, [settle. LIGHT, s. illumination. a. not heavy; bright. v. to kindle; to LIKE, a. resembling. v. to approve. adv. as. LIME, an alkali ; a sort of lemon ; a sticky substance. LINE, s. a string ; a single verse. v. to cover inside. LINK, s. a single ring of a chain ; a torch. v. to connect. LIT'TER, a portable bed; straw laid under animals; a number of things in disorder ; a birth of animals. LOCK, a complicated fastening ; a quantity of hair, or wool ; a contrivance to raise barges in canals. LONG, a. protracted. v. to desire earnestly. LOT, fortune ; a parcel ; a field. LUTE, a stringed musical instrument ; a sort of cement. MACE, an ensign of authority; a kind of spice. MAIL, armor ; a post-bag. MAIN, a. chief. s. strength ; the ocean ; the continent. MALL, a heavy beetle ; a public walk. MAN'GLE, to smooth linen ; to cut and tear. MARCH, s. the third month. v. to walk in procession. MASS, a lump ; the service of the Latin church. MAST, the pole to which the sails of a ship are fixed ; the fruit of the oak or beach. MATCH, a thing that easily inflames; an equal; a thing that suits ; a marriage alliance. MAT'TER, material substance; subject of discourse; consequence. MEAD, a meadow ; honey-wine. MEAL, a repast; the flour of corn. [to signify. MEAN, a. base; niggardly; middling. s. medium. v. to intend; MEET, v. to encounter. a. proper, suitable. MEW, s. a sea-fowl. v. to cry as a cat ; to shut up ; to change the appearance. MINE, s. a cavern dug for minerals. -pron. belonging to me. MINT, a plant ; -the place where money is coined. MIN'UTE, the sixtieth part of an hour; a short record. MOLE, a little animal; a spot on the skin ; a mound. MOOR, s. a marsh, or fen ; a negro. v. to make fast a vessel to the shore. MOR'TAR, a vessel in which substances are pulverized ; cement for bricks ; a short wide cannon for bombs. MOULD, the ground in which plants grow; the shape in which things are cast; a substance which gathers on bodies in a damp place. EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 41 MUST, v. to be compelled; to grow musty. s. new wine. NAIL, the horny substance at the end of the fingers and toes ; a metal spike ; two inches and a quarter. NAP, a short sleep ; the down on cloth, &c. NEAT, s. an ox, or cow. a. elegant ; cleanly. NERV'OUS, vigorous ; having weak nerves. No, a. not any. adv. the word of refusal, or denial. OBLIGE', to compel ; to please. OR'DER, regularity; a command; a class. OR'GAN, a natural instrument of sense ; a musical wind instrument. OUNCE, a small weight; an animal like a panther. PAGE, one side of a leaf; a young attendant on a prince. PALE, a. wanting color; dim. s. a rail to enclose grounds; a space enclosed, or limited. [insipid. PALL, s. a mantle of state; a covering for the dead; v. to become PAL'LET, a small bed ; a painter's board. PALM, s. a tree ; victory; the inner part of the hand. -v. to im- pose upon by fraud. PANEL, a small board set in a frame; a list of jurors. PANIC, sudden fright; a plant. PAR'TIAL, biassed to one side, or individual ; affecting only a part. PASTE, a mixture of flour and water; imitations of precious stones. PA'TIENT, a. enduring. s. a sick person. PECK, s. a quarter of a bushel. v. to pick up food with the beak ; to strike with a pointed instrument. PEER, an equal ; a nobleman. PEN, a writing instrument; a small enclosure. PERCH, a kind of fish ; a roosting place; 5 yards. PET, a slight passion ; a favorite. PIKE, a fish; a long lance. PILE, a beam driven into the ground; aheap; nap; the head of an arrow. PINE, s. a tree. v. to languish. Pi N'ION, s. a wing ; fetters for the arms ; a small toothed- wheel on the same axis with a larger one. v. to shackle. PINK, s. a flower ; a color ; the highest quality. PITCH, s. thickened tar ; degree of elevation. o. to fix; to throw; to fall headlong ; to alight. PLATE, a shallow dish; wrought silver; flatted metal. POACH, to boil slightly; to steal game; to tread soft ground. POLE, a long piece of timber; 5 yards in length; the extremity of the earth's axis; a native of Poland. POL'LARD, a tree lopped; a mixture of bran and meal. PORT, a harbor ; a gate ; the gun-hole in a ship ; a sort of wino from Oporto. 42 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. POR'TER, a door-keeper; one who carries loads; strong beer. POST, s. a piece of timber set upright; a messenger; office; a station. v. to travel quickly; to transcribe into a leger. POUND, s. twenty shillings; a weight; a prison for stray beasts. v. to reduce to powder. PREFER', to choose before another; to advance. PRETEND', to represent falsely; to lay claim. PRI'OR, former; the chief monk of a convent. PRUNE, v. to lop trees. s. a dried plum. PULSE, the throbbing of an artery; leguminous plants. PUMP, an engine to raise water; a light shoe. PUNCH, an instrument for cutting holes; a mixed liquor. PU'PIL, the apple of the eye; a scholar; a ward. PUR'CHASE, v. to buy. s. convenience for using force. QUAR'TER, s. fourth part; mercy shown by a conqueror; eight bushels. v. to lodge soldiers. RACE, a generation ; a contest in running. RAIL, s. a bar. v. to speak contemptuously. RAM, s. a male sheep. v. to drive in violently. RANK, o. luxuriant; rancid. s. a row; dignity. RASH, a. hasty; s. a breaking out. REAR, s. the hinder part. v. to raise up; to educate. REFU'SAL, a denial ; the right of choice. RENDER, s. one who tears. v. to restore; to yield. RENT, s. a tear; revenue. v. tore. part. torn. RESOLU'TION, act of separating into parts ; determination. REST, repose; remainder. RIGHT, a. correct; straight; not left. s. justice; just claim. RING, s. a circle. v. to sound; to fit with rings. ROAD, a way; a place where ships may anchor at a distance from the land. ROCK, s. a vast mass of stone. v. to move backwards and for- wards. ROE, a female deer; the eggs of fish. ROSE, s. a sweet scented flower. v. did rise. Row, v. to impel with the oar; a rank, or file. RUE, s. a plant. v. to regret. RUSH, s. a plant. v. to move with violence. SACK, s. a bag; a sort of wine. v. to pillage. SAGE, s. a plant. a. wise. SASH, a silken band ; a window frame. SAW, *. a toothed instrument for cutting; a proverb. v. did see. SCALE, s. the dish of a balance ; graduation ; a little shell on a fish's skin. v. to climb ; to peel off in thin pieces. SEAL, the sea-calf; a stamp. EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 43 SEA'SON, s. one of the four parts of the year; a fit time. v. to give a relish to. SEE, s. the jurisdiction of a bishop. v. to view. SET, v. to place ; to bring to a fine edge ; to fall below the hori- zon. s. a number of things suited to each other. [riage. SHAFT, an arrow; a narrow perpendicular pit; the pole of a car- SHED, s. a slight covered building. v. to let fall, to spill. SHEER, a. unuiingled. v. to deviate. SHOAL, s. a great multitude ; a sand bank. a. shallow. SHORE, the coast; a prop or support under a building. SHRUB, a bush ; an alcoholic mixture. SINK, s. a drain ; a reservoir. v. to go down. SIZE, bulk ; a sticky substance. SMELT, s. a small sea-fish. v. to melt ore ; did smell. SOLE, s. the bottom of the foot; a small sea-fish. a. only. SOUND, s. a noise; a shallow sea; a probe. a. hearty; unin- jured. v. to try depth. SPIR'IT, the soul of man; courage; an inflammable distilled liquor. SPRING, s. one of the four seasons; an elastic body; a leap; a fountain. .- to arise ; to grow. STEEP, a. precipitous. v. to soak. STEER, s. a young bullock. v. to direct a course. STEM, s. a stalk. v. to oppose a current. STERN, a. severe. s. the hind part of a ship. STICK, s. a slender piece of wood. v. to adhere ; to stab. STILL, a. quiet. v. to calm. s. a vessel for distilling. adv. to this time. conj. notwithstanding. STRAIN, v. to filter; to sprain; to force. s. style; a passage of music. SUCCEED, to follow ; to prosper. SUF'FER, to permit, to allow ; to endure, to bear. SUIT, s. a set; courtship; prosecution. v. to fit. SWAL'LOW, s. a bird. v. to take down the throat. TA'BLE, an article of furniture ; an index, or list of particulars methodically arranged. TACK, v. to join ; to turn a ship. s. a little nail. TAIL, the extremity ; a limited estate. TA'PER, s. a wax candle ; conical form. TENDER, s. an attendant. a. soft. v. to offer. TILL, v. to cultivate. s. a money box. conj. to the time. TIRE, s. a head dress; the hoop of a wheel. v. to weary. TOLL, s. a tax on passengers, &c. v. to ring a bell. TONE, sound ; elasticity, or vigor. TOP, the highest part of any thing; a toy. TREAT, v. to negotiate ; to discourse. s. a feast. 44 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. TUM'BLER, a posture master; a large drinking glass. TUR'TLE, a species of dove ; the sea tortoise. USH'ER, v. to introduce. s. an under-teaeher. UT'TER, v. to speak ; to put forth. a. entire. VAULT, s. a cellar. v. to leap. VICE, wickedness. as a prefix, in the place of. WA'GES, s. stipulated compensation for labor. v. carries on. WEAR, s. the act of wearing; a kind of dam. v. to impair by friction ; to carry upon the person. WELL, s. a deep narrow pit of water. a. in good health. YARD, an enclosure by the side of a building; a measure of three feet ; the support of the sails of a ship. CHAPTER IV. IMPROPRIETIES HEARD IX COXVERSATIOX. Some of the following improprieties are heard in the conversation of those who are regarded as persons of refinement ; while others of them are heard only among the most uneducated classes. Improprieties of the latter kind are often imitated by children who do not hear them from the lips of their parents. ACROST, for across. AcTYVE, for active. AFEARD, for afraid. 'i.GiN, for again [agen]. AGUR, for ague. AINT, for are not. ALL'EZ, for always. ARETHMETIC, for arithmetic. ARRIV, for arrived. ARTER, for after. Ax, for ask. BACHELDER, for bachelor. BAGONET, for bayonet. BEGRTJTCH, for grudge. BELLUSSES, for bellows. BETTERMOST, for best. BEYEND, for beyond. BILE, for boil. BlMEBY, for ly and-by. BLOWKD, for blew. BRAN, for brand. BRUSTLE, for bristle. BUST, or BUSTED, for burst. CATECHISE, for catechism. CAUSE, for because. ClIAW, for chew. CHEER, for chair. CHIMBLY, for chimney. CHIST, for chest. CHUSE, for choose. CLY, for cloy. CLUMB, for climbed. CORNISH, for cornice. COWCUMBER, for cucumber. CRITTER, for creature. CUPELOW, for cupola. DARE'SNT, for dare not. DATER, [a as in ,/ctr] for daughter. DONE, for did. IMPROPRIETIES. 45 DRAWED, for drew. DREAN, for drain. DROWNDED, for drowned. EEND, for end. EEN-A-MOST, for almost. FAIRM, for Jinn. FELLER, for fellow. FIFT, for fifth. FORRUD, for forward. FOR'T-!-NUR, for for aught know. FRIND, for friend. FUR, for/a?-. FURDER, for further. FUST, for first. GAL, for girl. . ' GETHER, for gather. GIN, for gave. GlNERAL, for general. GlNSANG, for ginseng. GIM-ME, for give me. GIT, for get. GOWND, for gown. GUARDEEN', for guar'dlan. HAINT, for have not. HANDIRON, for andiron. HEXDER, for hinder. HERN, for hers. HERTH, for hearth [harth.] HIS'N, for his. ~~ Hoss, for horse. HOUSEN, for houses. HOWSOMEVER, fat however. HUM; for ho'me. HUMBLY, for homely. HUSBANT, for husband. IDEE, for idea. ILE, for oil. INGIN, for Indian [Ind'yan.] IXGINE, for engine. INWITE, for invite. J ANDERS, for jaundice. JEST, for just. JlCE, for joists. JINE, for join. JINUARY, for January. KETCH, for catch. KITTLE, for kettle. KlVER, for cover. KNOWED, for knew. LARNING, for learning. LEAST, for lest. LEM-ME, for let me. LESS, for let us. LETTIS, for lettuce. LEVEN, for eleven. LICKERISH, for licorice. LINE, for lion. LINNING, for linen. LUTH'ER, for leather. LOOM, for loam. MAINT, for may not. MASSACREE, for massacre. MEDDLE, for medal. MILED, for mile. MORE'N, for more than. MORNIN, for morning. MOST, for almost. [ous. MOUNTANEOUS, for mountain- MOUNTING, for mountain. MUSH MELON, for muskmelon. NARY, for neither. NlGGER, for negro. NORWEST, for northwest, [ous. OBSTROPOLOUS, for obstreper- ONCE'T, for once. ORNERY, for ordinary. ': OURN, for ours. ! OUTCH, for Oh ! ;PARDNER, for partner. \ PLETE, for plait. POME, for poem. POOTY, for pretty. POPPLE, for poplar. [ciation. PRONOUNCEATION, for pronun- QUATE, for quoit. RALY, for really. REMARKABLE, for remarkalh/. RENSE, for rinae. 46 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. RHEUM ATIZ, for rheumatism. RlBBET, for rivet. RlZ, for risen. ROZZUM, for rosin. RUTHER, for rather. SAFT, for soft. SARCER, for saucer. SARMON, for sermon . S ASS AGE, for sausage. SAXAFRAX, for sassafras. SCURSE, for scarce. SECT, for sex. SEEN, for saw. SENCE, or SEN, for since. SET, for sit. SHAWL, for shall. SHAY, for chaise. SHEER, for share. SHET, or SHOT, for shut. SHUE, for shoe. SICH, for such. SILE, for soil. SITHE, for sigh. ' SIXT, for sixth. SKEERED, for scared. SKROUGE, for crowd. SMUDDER, for smother. SOME'RS, for somewhere. . SPARROW-GRASS, for asparagus. SPERE, for spire. SPERIT, for spirit. SQUINCE, for quince. STIDDY, or STUDY, for steady. STUN, for stone. STUNTED, for stinted. SULLER, for cellar. SURRINGE, for syringe. SUT, soot. SUTHING, for something. TAINT, for it is not. TENANT, for tenon. THAT- ARE, for that. THEIRN, for theirs. THIS-ERE, for this. TOTHER, for the other. TOWER, for tour. TuRCLE, or TORTLE, for turtle TWICE'T, for twice. UMBERIL, or UMBERILLA, for umbrella. VYAGE, for voyage. WANT, for was not. WARNUT, for walnut. WATERMILLION, for water- melon. WEAL, for veal. WEEK, for wick. WEN, for when. WlCH, for which. WIDDER, for widow. WILLER, for willow. WINDER, for window. \ WINE, for vine. | WlXEGAR, for vinegar. WINEPIPE, for windpipe. I WRASTLE, for wrestle. | TENDER, for yonder. jYouRN, for yours. CHAPTER V. RULE IN ORTHOGRAPHY. WORDS of one syllable, ending with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double that consonant when they take an addi- tional syllable beginning with" a vowel. Words of more than one RULE IN ORTHOGRAPHY. 47 syllable, ending in the same manner, follow the same rule, when they are accented on the last syllable. General usage allows some words to double the final consonant on taking an additional syllable, though the accent is not on the last syllable : as travel, traveller ; worship, worshipping, &c. In the following table, the several columns contain specimens of the several classes of words which do, or do not double their final consonant. BAR, Bare, Bait, Bark, BEFIT', Bal'lot. BARRED, Bared, Baited, Barking, BEFITTING, Balloting. CHIP, Chime, Cheat, Cart, COMMIT', Car'pet. CHIPPING , Chiming, Cheating , Carting, COMMITTED, Carpeted. DIP, Dire, Dear, Damp, DEFER', Differ. DIPPING, Direr, Dearer, Damper, DEFERRING, Differing. DIG, Dive, Deal, Dark, DISTIL', Diseom'fit. DIGGER, Diver, Dealer, Darker, DISTILLER, Discomfited. DOT, Date, Deaf, Dart, DETER', Dis'mal. DOTTED, Dated, Deafer, Darting, DETERRING, Dismally. FAT, Fade, Jail, Ink, IMPEL', Inhab'it FATTED, Faded, Jailer. Inky, IMPELLING, Inhabiting. IN, Ice, Fail, Find, FORGET', Fer'ret, INNER, Iced, Failing. Finder, FORGETTING, Ferreting. JUT. Jade, Join, Jolt, JAPAN', Jab'ber. JlTTING, Jaded, Joiner, Jolted, JAPANNING, Jab'berer. RCN, Race, Rain, Rend, REBEL', Ripen. RUNNER, Racer, Raining, Rending, REBELLING, Ripening. RED, Ride, Rail, Rest, REMIT', Rea'son. REDDER, Riding, Railing, Rested, REMITTED, Reasoner. RAP, Rise, Roar, Rust, REBUT', Recov'er. RAPPING, Rising, Roaring, Rusted, REBUTTING, Recovering RAG, Rage, Read, Right, REFER', Rob'ber. RAGGED, Raging, Reading, Righter, REFERRING, Robbery. TAN, Tune, Tear, Tight, TREPAN', Tam'per. TANNER, Tuner, Tearing, Tighter, TRKPANNIXG, Tam'pering. UP, Use, Vain, Urn, Ussnip', Ut'ter. UPPER, Using, Vainer, Urned, UNSDIP'PED, Uttering. When cd is added to those words which double the consonant, the e may be omitted in writing, and an apostrophe supply its place; but when the consonant is not doubled, the e should be written; thus, robl'd for robbed; but not rob'd for robed. 4 PART II. DERIVATION. DIRECTIONS FOR CSISG PART II. The pupil should study Chapter I., so as Io be able to recite it readily, (i. e. to state the substance of each of the prelimi- nary observations, and to give an account of each of the Prefixes and Suffixes, with the examples which illustrate their use,) before proceeding further. The figures included in parentheses refer to the paragraphs of Chapters II. and III. ; and in Chapter I., the references to Latin and Greek words are distinguished by the letters L. and G. It is desirable that Part II. should be studied, as a distinct exercise, before it is used as a reference book. The pupils will thus become accustomed to tracing the etymology of words, and will be prepared to discover, without referring to the book, the derivation and signification of many words, on meeting with them for the first time. Not only should the practice of tracing English words to their Latin or Greek primitives be continued by all pupils who have studied this Part, but those who are studying Latin or Greek should be in the habit of ascertaining, and stating in their recitations, what English words are derived from the Latin or Greek words which occur in their lessons. CHAPTER I. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE DERIVATION AND COMPOSITION OF ENGLISH WORDS. 1. THE words of the English- language may be separated into two principal classes, viz. : icords of -Saxon oriyin, and words of Latin origin. Words derived from the ancient Greek, belong, in this general division, to the latter of the two classes ; although they will be arranged by themselves, for the sake of convenience, in the following pages. Note. For an account of such words as are neither of Saxon nor Latin origin, let the student consult Dr. Webster's large Dictionary. 2. A great part of the words which are classed as words of Latin origin, were introduced into the English, not directly from the Latin itself, but from the French, or from some other of those modern languages which sprung from the Latin, and strongly resemble it. For example, the word finish may have come into our language from the French word ftnlr ; but both are to be traced back to the Latin word finis, (L. 176), signifying an end or limit. (48) DERIVATION AND COMPOSITION. 49 3. By learning the derivation of a word, we often obtain a clearer notion of its signification than we could obtain in any other way. This is true of the following examples, viz.: contact, which is from the Latin particle con, together, and the verb tango, (participle tactus), (L. 5->6), to touch; Federal, fromfoedus, (L. 162,) a league, or treaty; Gradual from gradus, (L. 207), a step; Induce from in, into, and duco, (L. 133), to lead. 4. As Latin and Greek words often vary considerably in form, in their different cases, tenses, &c., and as the English word is not always formed from that case or tense which is considered the foundation of the others, it is often necessary to know more than one of the forms which the Latin or Greek word may assume. Thus, the word fluent is derived from the Latin verb fluo, (L. 185), to flow; while influx is from fluxum, the supine of the same verb, and the preposition in. So the Latin adjective felix, (L. 163), which has in its genitive casefelicis, gives rise to the English word felicity. 5. In arranging English words in families under the Latin or Greek words from which they are derived, it is proper to place under the several Latin or Greek words, not only the English words derived immediately from them, but also those derived from their derivatives. For example, under the Latin word nascor, (L. 324), (part, natm}, to be born, should be classed the English words nascent, natal, natural, nativity, and nation; although, with the exception of the first, they are derived more immediately from words in the Latin which are derivatives of nascor, viz. : natalis, naturalis, nativitas, and natio. 6. Many English words are formed from other English words, by means of prefixes and suffixes. A letter, syllable, or word joined to the beginning of a word is called a prefix; a letter or syllable joined to the end is called a suffix. Thus, from tell is formed foretell, by joining a prefix; and from do is formed doer, by joining a suffix. A word may take two or more prefixes or suffixes at the same time. Thus, reproduce contains two prefixes, re and pro ; wonder/'Z(y contains two suffixes, ful and ly ; rognu&nea two suffixes, ish and ness. 1. Some of the prefixes and suffixes are of Saxon origin, and others are of Latin origin. Some of them are words which may be used separately, while the greater part are inseparable, i. e. are never used by themselves. Many of the prefixes which are in- separable in English, are separable in the languages from which they are derived. 8. In learning our own language, we become so familiar with the signification of most of the prefixes and suffixes, (although it is not always easy to state that signification), that as soon as we 50 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. have ascertained the meaning of any word which is new to us, we can tell what would be the meaning of the several words formed from it by such additions. Thus, after learning the meaning of the word confirm, we know what must be the meaning of the words confirmed, confirmation, confirmatory, confirms, con- firmed^, unconfirmed, &c., from the manner in which they are varied from the word confirm. In some cases, the prefixes or suffixes seem not to affect the signification of the word to which they are joined. 9. When a prefix ends with a consonant, that consonant is often changed or omitted, in order that the prefix may unite easily with the word to which it is to be joined. In the words a/fix, cohere, (L. 217), implant, and sw/nx, (for example), the prefixes ad, con, in, and sub, are changed, for the sake of producing a more agreeable sound. PKEFIXES. The following is a list of the most important prefixes used in forming English words. The abbreviation (Lat.) shows that the prefix is from the Latin; (Grr.) that it is from the Greek. Prefixes which are inseparable in the languages from which they are derived, (as above explained, $ 7,) are denoted by the abbreviation (insep.) A, (when of English or Saxon origin), signifies in, on, or at; as in the words abed, aboard, aloft, ashore, aside. A, or As, (Lat.) /ram; as, avert, (L. 579), to turn from; ab- solve, (L. 497), to release from. A, or AN, (G-r. insep.) destitute of; as, atheist, (G. 216), one without a God; anarchy, (GK 18), want of government. AD, (Lat.) which may become, in composition, ( 9), a, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, or at, signifies to; as, adhere, (L. 217), to stick to; ascend, (L. 465), to mount to; allot, to assign to; at- test, (L. 538), to bear witness to. ANTE, (Lat.), before; as antecedent, (L. 57), going before. ANTI, (Gr.,) against; as, a/^tchristian, opposed to Christian- ity; an^'spasmodic, (G. 203), adapted to prevent convulsions. APO, (Gr.),/rom; as, apostle, (G. 205), one sent out; aphe- lion, (G. 105), greatest distance from the sun. BE, (from the word 6y), signifies upon, over, about ; as, be- sprinkle, to sprinkle on or over. In some words, the prefix be seems to be one of a different origin ; as in oehead, besiege. ClRCUM, (Lat.), around, or about; as, circumnavigate, (L. 326), to sail around ; ciVcwmjacent, (L. 238), lying around. PREFIXES. 51 CON, (in Lat., CUM), with, or together. It takes several forms, viz., co, coy, col, com, and cor; as, connect, (L, 327), to bind to- gether; cohere, (L. 217), to stick together; compress, (L. 410), to press together. CONTRA, (Lat.) against ; as, contradict, (L. 117), to speak in opposition. In many words it takes the form counter; as, coun- teract, (L. 3), to act against. DE, (Lat.), /row, or down from; as, deduct, (L. 133), to take from ; o^scend, to go down from. Dis, and the forms di and dif, (Lat. insep.), asunder, apart, away ; as, cZtssent, (L. 476), to be of a different opinion; oJivert, to turn one aside. This prefix often has a kind of negative mean- ing ; as in disadvantageous. "E, or Ex, (Lat. & Gr.), out, or out of; as, eject, (L. 239), to cast out;* exclude, (L. 77), to shut out. It also takes the forms cc, and efc as, eccentric, out of the centre; e/flux, (L. 185), a flowing out.. * EN, or'EM. See IN. ExTRA^Lat.^, beyond; as, extraordinary, (L. 351), beyond what is ord3jpai^ ^ FORE, $/ok'e'*%s, /oretell, to tell beforehand. HYPER, (Gr.^'aoo^e, beyond; as, nypercritical, (G. 61), critical beyond reason. HYPO, (Gr.), under ; as, %pothesis, (G. 215), a supposition taken as the basis of a theory. IN, or EN, (Lat. & Gr.), in, on, or into ; as, insert, (L. 480), to put in; incubation, (L. 99), sitting on; induce, to lead into; engrave, (L. 211), to cut upon, or in. In may become ig, il, im, or ir; and en may become em. In and its equivalents often de- note privation or negation; as, indecent, (L. 110), not decent; i/legal, (L. 256), not legal. Some words are written with in or en indifferently; as, enclose, or inclose. INTER, (Lat.), between, or among; as, interpose, (L. 399), to place between. It sometimes takes the form enter. INTRO, (Lat.), within; as, introduce, (L. 133), to lead within. Mis, signifies wrong, erroneous, defective; as, misconduct, wrong conduct; misconception, (L. 47), an erroneous notion. NON, (Lat.), not ; as, nondescript, (L. 468), not described. OB, (Lat.) denotes opposition; as ooject, to cast against. In composition it may become oc, of, or op. OUT, beyond ; as, outdo, to surpass. PARA, (Gr.), by the side of; as, parasite, (G. 201), that which grows or feeds at the side of something. PER, (Lat), through; as, pervade, (L. 565), to extend through. 52 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. PERI, (Gr.), around; as, perimeter, (G. 137), the outer line, or measure around anything. PRE, (Lat.), before; as, precede, to go before; prejudge, (L. 241), to judge before. PRETER, (Lat.), beyond; as, preternatural, beyond nature. PRO, (Lat), for, forth, forward; as, pronoun, (L. 334), a word used instead of a noun; provoke, (L. 596), to call forth; propel, to drive forward. RE, (Lat. insep.), back again, anew; as, recall, to call back; recommence, to begin anew. RETRO, (Lat.), backward; as, ?-efr-ospect, (L. 504), a looking backwards. SE, (Lat. insep.), aside, apart; as, secede, to withdraw; .se- clude, to shut away, or apart. SUB, (Lat.), under ; as, subscribe, to write under. It also takes the forms sue, suf, sug, sup, and sus; as in succor, (L. 103), suf- fer, (L. 167), swgest, (L. 203), stmport, (L. 402), sustain, (L. 530). SUPER, (Lat.), above, over, more than enough ; *as, superna- tural, above nature; supervision, (L. 586), oV; a. frigid, (L. 194), having the quality of coldness. ILE; a. fragile, (L. 191), that may be broken ; puerile, (L. 417), like, or pertaining to a boy. INE; a. canine, (L. 4b^, pertaining to dogs; alkaline, like, or having the qualities of an alkali. ION; s. rebellion, (L. 35), the act of rebelling; expansion, (L. 358), the act of expanding, or state of being expanded. ISH ; a. whitish, somewhat white ; boyish, like a boy. v. publish, to make public; vanish, to do the thing denoted by the word disappear. ISM, or ASM; s. heroism, the state of being a hero; criticism, the practice of criticising; Hebraism, an idiom of the Hebrew language. IST ; s. artist, (L. 27), one icho does work in any branch of art; florist, (L. 184), one who practises the art of cultivating flowers; Calvin/sJ, one who is a follower of Calvin. ITE; s. favorite, one who is beloved; Israelite, one belonging to the nation of Israel. IVE; a. instructive, (L. b\5), fitted to give instruction; active, having power or fitness to act. IZE, or ISE ; v. fertilise, (L. 167), to make or render fertile. LESS ; a. fear/ess, without fear; penuifcss, destitute of a penny. LIKE ; o. 'warlike, resembling war. LING; s. a suffix denoting littleness, as in sapling, vearling, lordling. LY; a. beast?y, like a beast. adv. proudly, in a. manner exhibiting pride; fixedly, (L. 172), in a, manner unchanging or unmoved. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 55 s. banishment, the state of be.iny banished, or the act of banishing; acconipani?ne?, that which accompanies. MONY; s. acrimony, (L. 1), the quality of sharpness or se- verity. In the words testimony, matrimony, (L. 284), patri- mony, (367), &c., the suffix mony is used with singular variety of signification. NESS; s. firm?*e.ss, the state of being firm; littleness, the quality or circumstance of being little. OR; s. governor, (L. 213), one who does that which is denoted by the word govern. ORY ; a. preparatory, (L. 364), fitted or designed to prepare. s. observatory, (L. 483). a place where observations are taken. OSE; a. verbose, (L. 575), abounding in words. Ous; a. dangerous, partaking of danger; courageous, having the quality of courage. SHIP; s. clerkship, the place, or office of a clerk; friends^jp, the condition or relation of being a friend. SOME ; a. quarrelsome, characterized by a disposition to quar- rel; burdensome, having the quality or character of oppressive- ness. STER; s. teamster, one whose business it is to drive a team. TUBE; s. servitude, the condition of slavery; fortitaloverofthefinearts. AM'ITY, friendship. AM'BULATORY, pertaining the act of walking. A'MIABLE, lovely. AM'OROUS, affected by love. ENAM'ORED, fond. EN' MIT Y, hatred. EN'EMY, a foe. [ INIM'ICAL, unfriendly ; opposed. AM'PLE, large ; liberal. AM'PLY, largely. 10. Am' plus, large. AMPLIFICATION, enlargement; extension. AM'PLIFY, (152), to enlarge. AM'PLITUDE, largeness. 11. An'go, (anx'f), to vex. AN'GER, wrath. | ANXI'ETY, solicitude. AN'GUISH, extreme pain. | ANX'IOUS, solicitous. ~\.2T^An' gulus, a corner. AN'GLE, a corner. NJ QUAD'RANGLE, (426), a square. AN'GULAR, having corners. EQUIAN'GULAR, (144), having S&ECT' ANGLE, (438), a right- ! equal angles. angled, four-sided figure. MULTAX'GULAB, (317), many TRI'ANGLE, (549), a three cor-j cornered. nered figure. 13. An'imus, the mind. An'ima, the life, or spiritual principle, AN'IMAL, a living creature. i UNANIMITY, (563), agreement ANIMAL'CULE, a minute animal. AN'IMATE, to make alive. ANIMADVERT', (579), to con- sider or criticize. INANIMATE, lifeless. ANIMA'TION, liveliness?*'**^ ANI'MOSITY, violent hatred. in opinion. UNAN'IMOUS, of one mind. EQUANIM'ITY, (144), evenness of mind. [of mind. MAGNANIM'ITY, (278), great- ness of mind. PUSILLANIMITY. (Lat. pusil'- lus, weak), cowardice. 14. An'nus, a year. AN'NUAL, happening yearly. ANNU'ITY, a yearly income. ANNU'ITANT, one who receives an annuity. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 59 ANNIVERSARY, (579), a stated j SEPTEN'NIAL, (478), of seven day, returning with the revo-' years. lution of the year. AN'NALS, yearly records. BIEN'NIAL, (37), of two years. TRIEN'NIAL, (549), happening every three years. SUPERANNUATED, impaired by old age. PEREN'NiAL,continuing through the year. MILLENNIUM, a thousand years. 15. An'nulus, a ring. AN'NULAR, in the form of a ring, j AN'NULET, a term in architecture. 16. An'tiquus, ancient. AN'TTQUARY, one who seeks an- cient things. AN'TIQUATED, old ; out of date. ANTIQUE', belonging to old times ; a relic of ancient times. AN'CIENT, old. 17. Ape'rio. APE'RIENT, laxative. | AP'ERTURE, an opening. 18. Ap'to, to fit or join. APT, fit; inclined to. APT'NESS, fitness; quickness of apprehension. AP'TITUDE, tendency; disposi- ADAPT', to adjust. INEPT', unfit; foolish. [tiou. 19. A' qua, water. AQUAT'IC, living in or on the water. A'QUEOUS, watery, AQ'UEDUCT, (133), a channel for water. TERRA'QUEOUS, (536), consist- ing of land and water. 20. Ar'biter, a judge or umpire. AR'BITER, AR'BITRATOR, a judge appointed by opposite parties to decide between them. AR'BITRATE, to decide. ARBITRATION, determination by an arbitrator. AR'BITRARY, capricious; abso- lute. 21. Ar'bor, a tree. ARBOR, a bower. AR'BORIST, one who cultivates trees and shrubs. AR'BORET, ARBUSCLE, a little tree. ARBO'REOUS, belonging to a tree. (30 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 22. ASceo, to hinder or restrain. COERCE', to restrain by force. | COER'CION, restraint. 23. Ardeo, (a/sf), to burn. AR'DENT, burning; passionate. AR'SON, setting fire to a dwell- AR'DOR, heat; earnestness. 24. Arguo, to argue. AR'GUE, to reason ; to dispute. AR'GUMENT, a reason oflered; controversy. ARGUMENTATION, reasoning. ARGUMENTATIVE, containing argument. 25. Ar'ma, arms, weapons. ARM, v. to take arms. ARMS, weapons; war. DISARM', to deprive of weapons. AR'MORY, the place where arms are kept or made. AR'MAMENT, ARMA'DA, a naval AR'MY, a number of armed men. | warlike force. AR'MISTICE, (491), a cessation IARMO'RIAL. belonging to the es- of hostilities. cutcheonofafamily. [inarms. AR'MORER. one who makes arms, j ARMIP'OTENT, (403), powerful AR'MOR, defensive weapons. i UNARM'ED, without arms. 26. A'ro, to plough. AR'ABLE, capable ploughed. of being INAR'ABLE, not arable. 27. Ars, (ar'tis), art, skill. ART, skill, cunning; a trade. ART'IST, a professor of an art. ART'ISAN, ARTIF'ICER; a work- man, an operative, [genuine. ARTIFICIAL, made by art, not ART'IFICE, stratagem. ART'LESS, unskilful ; without fraud. INERT', dull; motionless. 28. Ar'tus, or Artic'ulus, a joint or limb. AR'TICLE, a single thing; a part of speech. ARTIC'ULAR, belonging to the joints. ARTIC'ULATE, v. to speak dis- tinctly; to join. ARTIC'ULATE, a. distinct; branched out into joints. ARTICULA'TION, a juncture of bones ; the knots in the stalk of a plant; speech. INARTIC'ULATE, indistinct. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 61 29. A'sper, rough. ASPER'ITY, roughness. j EXAS'PERATE, to enrage. 30. Au'dio, (audfturn), to hear. AUD'IBLE, that can he heard. AUD'IENCE, a hearing; the per- sons assembled to hear. AUD'IT, to examine an ac- AUD'ITOR, a hearer; an ex- aminer. AUD'ITORY, an assembly of hearers. fin**. L ^ count. OBE'DIENT, listening to; obey- 31. Au'gco, (aux'i, auc'tum), to increase. AUGMENT', to increase. ;AU'THOR, (the Latin word is AUGMENTATION, enlargement.! auc'lor), an originator; a AUC'TION, a sale by bidding writer. more and more. [auction, j AUTHORITY, legal power; in- AUCTIONEER', one who holds an I fluence. AU'THORIZE, to give authority, j AUXILIARY, helping. 32. A' vis, a bird. Au'gur, Aus'pex, (aus'picis), a soothsayer. A'VIARY, a place enclosed to ' INAU'GURATE, to invest with an keep birds in. office by solemn rites. AU'GUR, s. one who predicted AUS'PICES, (504), the omens of by obsetVing birds. an undertaking. A i '<;UR, v. to forbode | AUSPIC'IOUS, favorable. AU'GURY, an omen or prediction. ' INAUSPIC'IOUS, unfortunate. 33. Bac'clius, in heathen mythology, the god of wine. BAC'CHANAL, one who indulges I BACCHANA'LIAN, pertaining to in drunken revelry. j drunken revelry. 34. Bea'tuSy happy; blessed. BEATIF'IC, fitted to bless or BEAT'ITUDE, blessedness; a make happy. blessing pronounced. 35. Bel'lnm. war. BELLIG'ERENT, (203), waging REB'EL, one who revolts, HEBELL'ION, insurrection. 62 THE SCHOLAB'S COMPANION. 36. Bi'bo, to drink. BIB'BER, a tippler. [BiB'uLOUS, absorbing. BIBA'CIOUS, fond of drinking. IMBIBE', to drink in. 37. Bis, twice. Bi'ni, two by two. BI'FURCATED, (Lat. /u/ca, a fork), having two prongs. BIG' AMY, (G-. 91), having two wives at once. BI'NARY, composed of two. BI'PED, (380), an animal having BISECT', (470), to cut into two equal parts. COMBINE', to join or unite. 38. Bo'nus, good. Be'ne, well. BOUN'TY, generosity. BENIGN', kind; favorable. BENIG'NITY, graciousness. BENEF'ICENT, (152), kind; doing good. BENEP'ICENCE, active goodness. BEN'EFIT, advantage. BENEFI'CIAL, advantageous. BEN'EFICE, a church living. BENEFAC'TION, (152), a benefit conferred. BENEFAC'TOR, one who confers a benefit. BENEDic'iiON,(116),ablessing. BENEV'OLENCE, (598), disposi- tion to do good. 39. Bre'vis, short. BREV'ITY, BRIEF'NESS; short- ABBRE'VIATE, to sho/fen. ness. BRIEF, a. short; concise. BREV'IARY, an abridgment. BRIEF, s. a pleader's notes. BREV'IATURE, a shortening. 40. Ca'do, (ca'swm), to fall. CA'DENCE, fall of the voice. DECA'DENCE, falling; decay. CASE, state of a thing. CAS'UAL, happening by chance. CAS'UALTY, accident. CASCADE', a waterfall. AC'CIDENT, that which happens unforeseen. AC'CIDENCE, the rudiments of grammar. [of conscience. CAS'TJISTRY, the science of cases COINCIDE', to agree. COINCIDENCE, concurrence. DECAY', to fall away. DECID'UOUS, falling. IX'CIDENT, s. an event. IN'CIDENT, a. likely to happen as an attendant event. | OCCA'SION, opportunity ; time of a particular occurrence. I OC'CIDENT, the west, where the sun sets. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 41. Cos? do, (cot/ sum), to cut; to kill. INCIS'ION, a cut into any thing. Excis'lON, a cutting out. EXCISE', a duty on goods. CONCISE', short, brief. DECIDE', to determine. DECIS'ION, determination. DECI'SIVE, conclusive. PRECISE', exact; strict. PRECISION, exact limitation. PRECIS'IAN, one who limits. C.iSu'RA ; a pause in verse. FRAT'RICIDE, (192), killing a brother. HOM'ICIDE, ('220), manslaugh- ter; a manslayer. INFAN'TICIDE, (158), killing an infant. [parent PAR'RICIDE, (362), killing a SUI'CIDE, (Lat. Sui, of himself or herself), self-murder. REG'ICIDE, (438), murder of a kins. 42. Ca'leo, to be warm or hot. CALEFAC'TION, the act of heat- CAL'ID, hot. [ing. CALOR'IC, the element of heat. INCALES'CENCE, a growing warm. [fluid. SCALD, to burn with a boiling 43. Calx, (cal'ds), chalk. Cal'culus, a little pebble. CALX, any thing rendered redu- cible to powder, by burning or the action of an acid. CALCINE', to reduce to a calx. CALCA'REOUS, chalky like a calx. ! CAL'CULOUS, stony, gritty. I CAL'CULATE, to reckon. [An- ciently pebbles were used in numerical computation.] ! CAL'CULUS, a department of mathematics. 44. Can'deo, to glow with heat. CAN'DLE, a tallow or wax light. IN'CENSE, s. perfumes burnt. IN'CENSE, v. to enrage. INCEN'TIVE, inducement. INCEND'IARY, one who sets houses, &c., on fire. nification is derived figura- tively from the light pertain- ing to a red-hot substance.] CAN'DID, open, ingenuous. CAN'DIDATE, one proposed for office, or preferment.* CAN'DOR, sincerity. [This sig-|ExCANDEs'cENCE,glowingheat * Among the ancient Romans, those who sought the consulship wore robes of remarkable whiteness, and were thence called candidati. 45. Oa'nis, a dog. CA'NINE, pertaining to dogs. I CANIC'ULAR, pertaining to the dog-star. THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 46. Co! no, to sing. Can'tus, a som CHANT, a kind of sacred music. CHAN'TICLEER, the cock which crows. CAN'TICLE, a song; the song of Solomon. CAN'TO, a section of a poem. CANT, a set phraseology used to manifest religious zeal. DESCANT', to discourse in a for' mal manner. AC'CENT, a modification of the voice. ENCHANT', to delight highly. INCANTA'TION, charms by sing- ing. RECANT', to recall, to retract. 47. Ca'pio, (cap'tum), to take. CA'PABLE, able to do or take. INTERCEPT', to seize on the way ; to stop. OCCUPATION, possession; em- ployment. OC'CUPY, to possess. PARTICIPATE, (365), to share. PAR'TICIPLE, a word partaking of the nature of an adjective and of a verb. PERCEIVE', to notice. PERCEP'TIBLE, capable of being perceived. PRECEP'TOR, a tutor, a teacher. PRE'CEPT, a rule given. PRlN'ciPAL,(412),chief,capital. PRIN'CIPLE, element; of action. ground CAPA'CIOUS, large, holding much. CAPAC'ITATE, to enable; to qualify. CAPAC'ITY, power of holding. CAP'TIOUS, peevish; cavilling. CAP'TIVATE, to take prisoners ; to charm. CAP'TIVE, a prisoner. CAP'TOR, one who takes a prize. CAP'TURE, a seizure. ACCEPT', to receive. [ing. ACCEPT' ABLE, grateful; pleas- ANTICIPA'TION, receiving or doing beforehand. CONCEIVE', to have an idea or notion. CONCEPTION, notion, idea. DECEIVE', to cheat, to mislead. DECEP'TION, a fraud, a cheat, EMANCIPATE, (282), to set at liberty. EXCEPT', to take out. INCIP'IENT, commencing. : Recipe is an imperative form of the verb recipio, and would be the first word in a prescription written in Latin " Take," etc. In books of pharmacy the word is usually represented by R. or some other character. 48. Ca'put, (cap' it is) t the head. CAP'ITAL, chief; principal.! | CAPiTA'TiON,countingby heads. f Capital crimes arc those which are punishable by loss of the he.ad or life. RECEIPT', a taking; acknow- ledgment for money paid. RECEIVE', to take, to admit. RECEP'TACLE, a thing whicb receives or contains. REC'IPE, a medical prescription.* RECIP'IENT, one who takes. SUSCEP'TIBLE, capable of being affected or chanced. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 65 CAPIT'ULATE, to surrender on | PRECIP'ITATE, v. to tumble conditions.* headlong; to hurry. CAPE, a head-land. PRECIP'ITATE, a. headstrong; CAP'TAIN, a chief commander, j hasty. CHAP'TER, a division, or head. j PRECIP'ITATE, s. a sediment. DECAP'ITATE, to behead. j PREC'IPICE, a headlong steep. OC'CIPUT, the hinder part of the j RECAPITULATE, to repeat again, head. | (as the topics of a discourse.) * The word arose from the stipulation being drawn up under heads. 49. Car'cer, a prison. IXCAR'CERATE, to imprison. | lNCARCERA'TiON,imprisonment. 50. Ca'ro (car'nis), flesh. CAR'NAL, fleshy, not spiritual. 1 CAR'RION, putrid flesh. CAR'NAGE, (3), slaughter. I CAR'CASS, a dead body. INCARNA'TION, the taking of body of flesh. CAKNA'TION, a flower. CAR/NIVAL, in Roman Catholic countries, a feast before Lent. CARNEL'IAN, a red (or flesh co- lored) stone. CARNIV'OROUS, (601) feeding on flesh. CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, a place for depositing human bodies. 51. Car'po, to pluck. CARP, to cavil. CARP'ING, captious. INDISCERPT'IBLE, that cannot be torn in pieces. EX'CERPT, something culled out. 52. Cas'tigo, to chastise. CAS'TIGATE, to punish by stripes. | CASTIGA'TION, punishment. 53. Cate'na, a chain. CATENA'RIAN, relating to a I CONCATENATION, a series of chain. links. 54. Cau'sa, a cause. CAUSE, that which produces an effect. CAUSA'TION, the act of causing. ACCUSATIVE, the name of a case in grammar."}" EXCUSE', to pardon. ACCUSE', to charge with a 1 BECAUSE', for this reason, crime. IR.ECU'SANT, making opposition. fit was so called, because the act of accusing was taken to represent all acts which terminate on some object. 66 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. o, (cau'tum), to beware. CAU'TION, prudence in respect to PNCAU'TIOUS, heedless. CAU'TELOUS, wary. [danger. PRECAUTION, previous care. ^56. Ca'vus, hollow. CAVE,CAV'ERN; a hollow place.! EX'CAVATE, to hollow out. X ^JCON'CAVE, hollow, opposed to EXCAVA'TION, a cavity made by I digging. convex. 57. ue'do, (ces'sum), to yield; to go away. CEDE, to yield or give up. ! INTERCESSION, the act of inter- CES'SION, a giving up ; resigna-| ceding. tion. PRECEDE', to go before. PRECES'SION, a going before, --*i^^ *H/U *!EASE, to stop ; to leave off. a discon- to CESSA'TION, a stop, tinuance. ACCEDE', to assent agree. ACCESS', approach. ACCES'SION, a coming to; increase by the addition of something. ACCESSORY, rendering aid. AN'CESTOR, (Lat. antecesfsor, a person from whom one is dis- tantly a descendant. ANTECE'DENT, going before. OONCEDE', to admit, to grant. DECEASE', departure from this world; death. EXCEED', to go beyond. (an astronomical terra). PRECE'DENCE, PRECE'DENCY, to | priority; superiority. .PREDECES'SOR, one that was in a place before another. an ' PREC'EDENT, an example. PROCEED', to go forward. PROCE'DURE, manner of ceedinjj. pro- PROC'ESS, progressive course. PROCES'SION, a ceremonious march. RECEDE', to go back ; to retreat. RECESS', a place or time of retreat. SECES'SION, a withdrawing from. I SUCCEED', to follow after; to EXCESS', more than enough, prosper. EXCES'SIVE, exceeding. SUCCESS', prosperity; the event INCES'SANT, without pause. of an affair. INTERCEDE', to go between"; to SUCCESSION, series. request in behalf of another. | SUCCESSIVE, following in order. 58. Ccl'eber, renowned, famous. CEL'EBRATE, to praise; to com- CELEBRA'TIOX, a distinguishing mend solemnly. by ceremonies. CEi/EBRATED,renowned,famousJCELEB'RiTY, renown; fame. 'WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 67 59. Ce'ler, swift. CELER'ITY, swiftness. j ACCEL'ERATE^O hasten forward. 60. Cd'la, a cellar. CEL'LAR, an under ground store. CELL, a little hollow place. CEL'LULAR, full of little cells or cavities. [ler. CEL'LARER, CEL'LARIST, a but- 61. Ce'lo, to cover, to hide. CONCEAL', to hide. | CONCEAL'MENT, the act, place, | or mode of hiding. 62. Coe'lum, the heaven. CELES'TIAL, heavenly. I SUBCELES'TIAL, beneath the heavens. 63. Cen'seo, to judge or estimate. CEN'SOR, an officer who exam- CEN'SURABLE, blame-worthy. incs the works of authors be- ; CEN'SUS, a numbering of the fore they are allowed to be people. printed. j CENSE', a public tax. CENSO'RIOUS, judging severely. ; RECEN'SION, a review, or re- CEN'SURE, blame, reproach. i examination. 64. Cen'tum, a hundred. CENT, the hundredth part of a dollar. CENTEN'NIAL, occurring once CENTU'RION, an officer over a hundred men. CEN'TUPLE, a hundred fold. in a hundred years. j CEN'TIPED, (380), an insect CEN'TURY, a hundred years. | with many feet. 65 Ccr'no, (ere' turn'), to separate; to distinguish; to discern. CER'TAIN, determined ; sure, j DISCERN', to see; to distinguish. CER'TIFY, (152), to assure. | DISCREET', discerning, prudent. CERTIFICATE, a written declara- j DISCRETE', distinct, separate. tion or testimony. i DISCERN'MENT, judgment. AscERTAlN',to find out certainly. DISCRETION, judgment, pru- CONCERN', business ; anxiety. DECREE', (Lat. decer'no), to or- dain or command. dence. DISCRIMINATION, (Lat. discri- mcn^), distinction. DECRE'TAL, a book of decrees. > DISCRIMINATING, acute. 68 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. SECRETE', to put aside. I SEC'RETARY, one who writes for SE'CRET, concealed, private. another.* * So called from the private or secret affairs intrusted to him. 66. Cer'to, to contend ; to vie. CONCERT', to contrive together. COX'CERT, union. PR*ECONCERT'ED, contrived to- gether beforehand. DISCONCERT', to disturb. 67. Cer'tus, sure, (see cer'no). 68. Ci'eo, or ci'o, (cftum), to rouse ; to call forth. CITE, to summon into a court ; INCITE', to animate, to urge on. to quote. INCITE'MENT, impulse. CITA'TION, a summoning; a RECITE', to repeat; to tell over. quotation. ; RECITA'TIOX, repetition; re- CONCITA'TIOX, a stirring up. hearsal. EXCITE', to stir up to encourage. RECITATIVE', a sort of musical EXCITE'MENT, agitation. pronunciation. RESUS'CITATE, to rouse or en- QUOTE, to repeat a passage from liven again. some author 69. Cin'go, (cine' turn), to gird. CINCT'URE, a belt; a girdle. SUCCINCT*, brought into small PRE'CINCT. a limit or bound. compass. 70. Ci'nis, (c in' efts'), ashes. CIN'DER, a burnt mass. CINERI'TIOUS, in the state of ashes. 71. Cir'cus, a circle. INCIN'ERATE, to burn to ashes. CINE'REOUS, like ashes. CIR'CLE, a round space, also the line enclosing it. CIR'CLET, a little circle. CIR'CULAR, round like a circle. CiRCu'iTOUS.going round about ; not direct. CIR'CUS, an open space for sports. CIR'CULATE. to move in a circle. ENCIR'CLE, to surround. CIR'CUIT, extent round about, j SEMi'ciRCLE,(474), halfacircle. 72. Ct'vi's, a citizen. Civ'ic, relating to civil honors. CIV'IL, relating to the commu- nity ; gentle, well bred. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 69 CIVIL'IAN, one versed in law or ! CIVILIZA'TION, the state of a political affairs, [or city. CiT'iZEN.an inhabitant of a state CIT'Y, a large corporate town. CiviL'iTY,gentleuess, politeness. civilized people. CIV'ILIZE, to reclaim from a savage state. UNCIV'IL, rude, clownish. 73. Clam, secretly. CLANDES'TINE, secret. I CLANDESTINELY, in a secret manner. 74. Cla'mo, (clama'tum), to cry out ; to shout. CLAM'OR, outcry; noise. CLAM'OROUS, noisy; vociferous. CLAM'ORER, a noisy person. ACCLAMA'TION, a shout of ap- plause. DECLAMA'TION, discourse ad- dressed to the passions; ex- ercise of public speaking. Ci,AiM, to demand. CLAIM' ANT, one that demands a right. DISCLAIM', to deny the posses- sion of any right or character. EXCLAIM', to cry out. [ly. PROCLAIM', to announce public- PROCLAMA'TION, publication by authority. RECLAiM',_to recall; to reform. 75. Cla'rus, clear, bright. CLAR'IFY, to purify. DECLARA'TION, a proclamation; en avowal. CLAR'ION, a shrill trumpet. CLEAR, bright.; evident. DECLARE', to make known ; to proclaim, 76. Clas'sis, a class. CLASS, a rank of persons, a set. i CLAS'SIFY, to arrange in class- CLAS'SIC, CLAS'SICAL, relating I es. to authors of the highest rank, ' CLASSIFICATION, arrangement particularly ancient Greek] in classes. and Koman authors. | CLAS'SIS, a convention. 77. Clau'do, (clau'sum), or Ch CLOSE, to shut. CLOS'ET, a small private room. CONCLUDE', to come to a deci- sion. CONCLUSIVE, decisive. CLAUSE, a subdivision of a sen- tence. [p er y- CLOIS'TER, a monastery or nun- 'do, (du'surn^), to shut, to close. EXCLUDE', to shut out. SECLUDE', to shut up apart. INCLUDE', ENCLOSE', to shut in; to bring within certain limits. PRECLUDE', to hinder or prevent. RECLUSE'J retired. SECLU'SION, retirement. 70 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 78. Cle'mens, (demen'tis), merciful, kind. CLEM'ENT, merciful, kind. CLEM'ENCY, mercy. I INCLEM'ENT, unmerciful; harsh. [INCLEM'ENCY, severity. 79. Cli'no, to incline or bend. INCLINE', to bend, to lean. INCLINA'TION, propensity. DECLINE', to lean downwards; to refuse. DECLIV'ITY, descent, inclination downwards. ACCLIV'ITY, ascent, inclination upwards. PROCLIV'ITY, proneness. RECLINE', to lean back. CLIN'ICAL, relating to a couch or bed.* * Clinical lectures are medical lectures given at the bed-side of the patient. 80. Cli'vus, an ascent; a hill. See derivatives under Cli'no. 81. Co'dex, (cod' ids}, the trunk of a tree; a volume or roll. CODE, a collection or digest of COD'ICIL, a supplement to a laws. will. *k 82. Co'lo, (cul'turn), to cultivate. COL'ONY, a settlement or plan- tation abroad. COL'ONIST, a settler in a colony. COUL'TER, the sharp iron of a plough. CuL'TiVATE,to improve by labor. CUL'TURE, improvement by la- bor. AG'RICULTURE, (2), husbandry, farming. HORTICULTURE, (222), garden- ing. 83. Co'mes, (com'ititi), a companion. COM'ITY, kindness of manner. | CONCOM'ITANT, going with. 84. Concilium, an assembly; a council. CONCILIATORY, fitted to allay angry feelings. RECONCILE', to conciliate again; to render consistent. COUN'CIL, an assembly held for consultation. CONCILIATE, (Lat. conciFio), to bring together; to win to friendship. 85. Co'quo, (coc'tum), to cook. CONCOCT', to prepare by digest- 1 DECOC'TION, a liquor prepared 1D - by boiling any substance. CONCOCT'IVE, digesting. ; COOK, to prepare food by heat. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 86. Cor, (cor'dis), the heart. 71 CORE, the central part, as of CONCORDANCE, an index of fruit. COR'DIAL, a. sincere, hearty. COR'DIAL, s. anything that glad- dens the heart. CORDIAL'ITY, sincerity. CON'CORD, agreement. words contained in the Bible. COUR'AGE, boldness. DIS'CORD, disagreement. (RECORD', (Lat. Recor'dor, t<\ remember, call to niind), tc> | register. CORN'EOUS, horny. Cor'nu, a horn. [ed pods. CORNUCO'PIA, (Lat. co'pia, CORNIC'ULATE, producing horn- plenty), the horn of plenty. CORN'EA, a transparent mem- U'NICORN, (563), an animal brane in the eye. having a single horn. 88. Cofb'iia, a garland, or crown. CROWN, the head ornament worn by kings. CORONA'TION, the solemnity of crowning a king. COROI/LA, a blossom, (a little crown). COR'ONET, an inferior crown worn by the nobility. COR'ONER, an officer to inquire into violent deaths.* COR'OLLARY, an inference. f COR'ONAL, a crown or garland. * The name was derived from the relation of the office to the crown. j- So called because it crowns the leading proposition or argument. 89. Cor' pus, (cor'poris), a body. COR'PORAL, the lowest officer over a body of soldiers. COR'PORATE, united into a body or community. CORPORATION, a body politic. INCORPORATE, to embody. COR'PUSCLE, 'a minute body. CORPO'REAL, having a body; not immaterial; relating to the body. [body. COR'PULENT, having a bulky CORPSE, a dead body. CORPS, (pronounced core), a body of soldiers. 90. Cos'ta, a rib. COAST, the margin of the land. INTERCOS'TAL, lying between COS'TAL, pertaining to the ribs. the ribs. 91. Cras, to-morrow. PROCRAS'TINATE, to put off. | PROCRASTINA'TION, deferring. 72 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 92. Cre'do, (cred'Huvi), to believe. CREED, articles of belief. I CRED'IBLE, worthy of belief. CRE'DENCE, belief. INCRED'IBLE, not to be believed. CRED'IT, belief; reputation; CRED'ITOR, one who trusts another for a debt. CRED'ULOUS, apt to believe. DISCREDIT, to disbelieve, [lief, title to belief. INCEEDU'LITY, slowness of be- CRED'ITABLE, rep^able. CREDENTIAL, that which gives 93. Cre'o, (crea'tum}, to create. CREATE', to cause to exist. CREA'TION, the act of creating; the universe. CREAT'URE, a created being. PROCREA'TION, giving birth. CREA'TOR, God, who gives ex- istence. RECREA'TION, amusement, di- version, (because it re-creates vigor). 94. Cre'po, (crep'tium), to sound ; to rattle. CREPITA'TION,* a rattling noise. ; DISCREPANCY, literally, dis- DECREp'iT,f broken down by! agreement of sound; incon- age. I sistency. * This word is used by surgeons to denote the rattling sound made by the extremities of a fractured boue, when moved. f The derivation of this word is doubtful. If derived from crepo, its signi- fication has reference to the rattling or creaking of anything which is broken, or loosened from its place. 95. Cres'co, (ere 1 turn}, to grow. CRES'CENT, the shape of the j EXCRES'CENCE, something grow- new uioon.J ing out of another. ACCRE'TIOX, a growing to an- j DECREASE', to crow less, other ; increase. j INCREASE', to grow larger. CONCRE'TION, a mass formed ' IN'CREMENT, an addition. by a union of particles. J So called from its change of size. 96. Cri'men, (cntn'mts), an accusation; a crime. CRIME, an offence, a great fault. |EECRIMINA'TIOX, return of one CRIM'INAL, partaking of crime. ! accusation with another. CRIMINA'TION, an accusing. iRECRiM'iNATE,toretortacharge. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 97. Cm' dm, raw, unripe. 73 CRUDE, raw; unripe; undi- gested. CRU'DITY, CRUDE'NESS, unripe- CRU'EL, (Lat. crude'lis), hard- hearted. CRU'ELTY, inhumanity. ness; indigestion. 98. Crux, (cru'cis~), a cross. CROSS, s. one straight body laid j CRU'CIAL, cross-wise. across another. j CRU'CIFY, to put to death hy CROSS, a. peevish. nailing to a cross. CRUCIFIX'ION, (172), death on a j EXCRU'CIATE, to extort by suf- cross. fering; to put to severe pain. CRU'CIFIX, a cross bearing an |ExCRu'ciATiNG,extremely pain- image of our Saviour. j ful ; torturing. 99 Cu'bo, or cum'bo, to lie 'down. CUM'BER, ENCUM'BER, to bur- den ; to hinder. ENCUM'BRANCE, a burden. INCUBA'TION, the act of sitting upon eggs. IN'CUBUS, the night-mare; a sense of weight. INCUM'BENT, resting upon. RECUM'BENT, lying; leaning. PROCUM'BENT, lying down. SUCCUMB', to yield; to sink under a difficulty. SUPERINCUM'BENT, lying on the top of something. 100. Cul'pa, a fault. CUL'PABLE, faulty; blamable. PROM'ISE, to engage to do. | PROM'ISSORY, containing a pro- mise. I REMIT', to relax; to forgive, i REMISS', slack ; negligent. SUBMIS'SIVE, humble; yielding. SUBMIT', to yield to authority. SURMISE', suspicion. TRANSMIT', to send over; to suffer to pass through; to de- liver to posterity. 306. Mo'dus, a manner. MODE, manner. MOOD, temper of mind. MOD'EL, a copy to be imitated. MOD'IFY, to change the form or character of a thing. MOD'ULATE, to vary the pitch of sounds. MOD'ERATE, observing proper bounds. MOD'EST, restrained by a sense of propriety. MOD'ICUM, a small quantity. COMMO'DIOUS, convenient. COMMODITIES, wares; goods, ACCOM'MODATE, to supply with conveniences. INCOMMODE', to trouble. MODERA'TOR, a presiding officer. 307. Mo'lior, (moli'tus), to rear or build. MOLE, (Lat. mo'les, a mass), a massive wall of stone project- ing into the sea. DEMOL'ISII, to throw down, DEMOLI'TION^ the act of de- molishing. 308. Mol'lis, soft, MOL'LIFY, to soften ; to as- MOL'LIENT, EMOL'LIENT, fitted suage. to soften or assuage. o09. Mo'neo, (mon'itum^), to put in mind; to warn. MON'ITOR, one who warns of duty. MON'UMENT, a memorial. ADMONI'TION, MONI'TION, warning; reproof. PREMON'ITORY, giving warning MON'ITORY, calculated to give beforehand warning. j SUM'MON, (Lat. submo'neo), to ADMON'ISH, to remind of a fault. call by authority. 112 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 310. Mons, (mon'tis), a mountain. MOUNT, a hill. PAR'AMOUNT, superior; chief. MOUN'TAIN, a large hill. ' PROM'ONTORY, a high land pro- MOUND, a heap or bank of earth, j jecting into the sea. AMOUNT', the sum. DISMOUNT', to alight from a horse. SURMOUNT', to rise above. TANTAMOUNT, of the same amount or force. 311. Mon'stro, (monstra'tum), to point out; to show. MON'STER, something deformed or horrible. MON'STROTJS, unnatural ; huge. DEMONSTRATIVE, proving by irresistible argument; point- ing out. DEMONSTRATE, to prove rigor- ; REMON'STRATE^O present strong ously. ! reasons against any measure. 312. Mor'bus, disease. MOR'BID, diseased ; not sound or healthful. MORBIF'IC, causing disease. MORBOS'ITY, diseased state. CHOLERA-MOR'BUS, (Gr. 50), the name of a disease. 313. Mor'cleo, (mor'sum'), to bite. MOR'DANT, any substance used j MOR'SEL, a piece bitten off. to fix colors, in dyeing. [ REMORSE', sense of guilt. 814. Mors, (mortis), death. MOR'TAL, subject to death; deadly. MORTALITY, death; human na- ture. IMMOR'TAL, exempt from death. IMMOR'TALIZE, to render im- mortal. MOR'TIFY, to lose vitality; to MORTIFICA'TION, vexation; loss of vitality. 315. Mos, (wio/ts), custom; practice. MOR'AL, relating to the practice ! MOR'ALIZE, to apply to moral or conduct of men ; conformed \ subjects. to law and rectitude. j MORAL'ITY, correctness of life. MOR'ALIST. one who teaches the IMMOR'AL, not virtuous. duties of life ; one who prac- , DEMORALIZE, to render corrupt tises moral duties. I in morals. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 113 316. Mo'veo, (mo'turn), to move. MOVE, to put out of one place ! MO'TOR, a mover. into another. [of place. I COMMO'TION, tumult; disturb- MOVE'MENT, MO'TION, change) ance. MOV'ABLES, goods; furniture, j EMO'TION, disturbance of mind. MPBIL'ITY, capacity of being PROMO'TION, advancement to moved. MOB, a disorderly multitude. MOMEN'TUM, force of motion. higher rank. PROMOTE', to advance; to exalt. PRO.Mo'TiVE,tending to promote. MO'TIVE, moving power; in- 1 REMOVE', to put from its place, ducement. | REMOTE', at a distance. 317. Mul'tus, much. MUL'TITUDE, a great number. MUL'TIPLY, to increase in num- MULTIFA'RIOUS, having great ber. variety. I MULTIPLICA'TION, (392), in- MUL'TIFORM, having manyj crease in number. forms. MUL'TIPLE, a number which exactly contains several times. another MULTIPLICAND', the number to be multiplied. MUL'TIPED, (380), an insect with many feet. 318. Mun'dus, the earth; the world. MUN'DANE, belonging to the world. ANTEMUN'DANE, before the cre- ation of the world. EXTRAMUN'DANE, beyond the material world. SupRAMUN'DANE,situatedabove the world, qr our system. 319. Mu'nio, to fortify. AMMUNITION, MUNITION, MU'NIMENT, a strong hold; sup- materials used in war. port; defence. 320. Mu'nus, (mu'neris), an office; a gift. MUNICIPAL, pertaining to a corporation. MUNIF'ICENCE, (152), liberality. COMMUNE'. (Lat. con), to con- verse together. COMMU'NICATE, to impart. COMMU'NICATIVE, liberal in im- parting knowledge. COMMU'NITY, common posses- sion or enjoyment; society. COMMUN'ION, fellowship; in- tercourse. 114 THE SCHOLAR 8 COMPANION. COM'MON, shared by all; gene- IMMU'NITY, exemption from ral.* duty. EXCOMMU'NICATE, to cut off REMUNERATION, recompense, from church membership. j *A common inheritance is one which all the inheritors own and enjoy alike. A characteristic is said to be common to our race, which every human being possesses. 321. Mu'rus, a wall. MU'RAL, pertaining to a wall.* IMMURE', to enclose within walls; to imprison. * Among the ancient Romans, a golden crown was bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place ; this was called coro'na mura'lis, a mural crown. 322. Mu'sa, a Muse. MUSE, s. a heathen deity pre- siding over poetry, &c. MUSE, v. to ponder. AMUSE', to divert. MUSE'UM, a repository of curi- osities. Mu'sic, melody or harmony. MUSIC'IAN, one skilled in music. 323. Mu'to, (muta'tuni), to change. MU'TABLE, changeable. MUTA'TION, change. MU'TUAL, reciprocal ; inter- changed. COMMUTE', to exchange. IMMU'TABLE, unchangeable. PERMUTA'TION, exchange of one for another. TRANSMUTE', to change to a different nature. 324. Nets' cor, (na' tits'), to be born. NAS'CENT, coming into being. NA'TAL, relating to one's birth. NA'TIVE, NAT'URAL, conferred by birth ; original; unaffected. NATIV'ITY, birth. NA'TION, a distinct people. NA'TURE. original quality; the established course of things in creation. NAT'URALIST, a student of na- ture. COG'NATE, (Lat. gna'tus, born), related to; of the same stock. INNATE', born with us; consti- tutional. PRETERNAT'URAL, extraordi- nary, but not miraculous. SUPERNATURAL, above nature. 325. Na'to, to swiin. NA'TANT, floating. | SUPERNA'TANT, floating above. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 115 326. Na'vis, a ship or vessel. NA'VY, the national establish- ment of war vessels. NA'VAL, relating to vessels. NAVIGATION, (3), travelling by ships; the art of navigating. NAV'IGABLE, passable by ships. NAVIC'ULAR, relating to small vessels or boats. NAU'TICAL, (Lat. nau'ta, a sail- or), pertaining to seamen or navigation. [round. CIRCUMNAVIQA'TION, sailing 327. Nec'to, (nex'um), to tie or bind. CONNECT', to tie or join toge- 1 DISCONNECT', to sever. ther. CONNECTION, a joining; rela- ANNEX', to unite at the end. ANNEXATION, the act of joining or annexing. 328. Ne'go, (nega'tum), to deny. NEGA'TION, denial. I DENY', (Fr. denier; Lat. den'e- NEG'ATIVE, implying denial, go*), to contradict; to refuse. 329. Ncyo'tium,* business. NEGO'TIATE, to transact busi- i NEGOTIABLE, that may be ness. ! transferred in business. * Compounded of nee, not, and o'tium, leisure, ease. 330. Neu'tcr, neither of the two. NEU'TER, of neither gender. | NEUTRALIZE, to render neu- NEU'TRAL, not engaged on j tral ; to destroy the peculiar either side. j properties. 331. Ni'hil, nothing. NIHIL'ITY, nothingness. ANNIHILATION, reducing to nothing or non-existence. 332. Ncfceo, to hurt; to harm. NO'CENT, Nox'ious, hurtful. INNOC'UOUS, INNOX'IOUS, harm- less. IN'NOCENT, not chargeable with mischief. IN'NOCENCE, simplicity, purity. NUI'SANCE, that which does injury. OBNOX'IOUS, liable; exposed to penalty. 116 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 333. No/ ma, a rule. NOR'MAL, according to a rule or precept; elementary. ENOR'MOUS, beyond the usual measure; huge; excessive. ENOR'MITY, a wrong or irregu- lar act ; atrociousness. ABNOR'MOUS, (little used), irre- gular; deformed. 334. Nos'co, (no'tum), to know. No'men, a name. NOTE, a mark; a hint. NOTA'TION, (Lat. no'ta, a mark), mode of marking. NO'TED, NOTO'RIOUS, well known ; remarkable. NO'TICE, observation. NO'TIFY, to make known. NO'TION, idea; opinion. ANNOTATION, a comment. COG'NISANCE, (Lat. cognos'co), notice; perception. COGNI'TION, certain knowledge. DENOTE', to point out. NO'BLE, (Lat. nol'ilis), gene- rous; famous. NOBIL'ITY, dignity; high rank. ENNO'BLE, to dignify; to ele- vate. IGNO'BLE, mean; worthless. REC'OGNISE, to remember a thing as one previously known. RECONNOI'TRE, to survey. NOM'INAL, in name only. NOMENCLATURE, a system of names. NO'MENCLATOR, one who names things. [ment. NOM'INATE, to name for appoint- NAME, the term by which we distinguish things. NOUN, a part of speech. PRO'NOUN, a word used instead of a noun. DENOMINATION, a class of things or persons called by the same name. IG'NOMINY, disgrace, dishonor. MISNO'MER, a misnaming. 335. No'vus, new. NOV'EL, a. new; s. a tale. NOV'ELIST, a writer of novels. NOV'ELTY, newness. NOV'ICE, one new in the busi- NOVI'TIATE, the state or time of learning rudiments. IN'NOVATE, to introduce some- thing new. REN'OVATE, to renew. 336. Nbx, (noc'tis), night. NOCTUR'NAL, nightly. E'QUINOX, (See 144). 1 EQUINOC'TIAL, pertaining to the equinox. 337. Nu'bo, (nup'tum), to marry. CONNU'BIAL, pertaining to mar- 1 NUP'TIALS, marriage ceremo- WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 117 338. Nu'dus, naked. NU'DITY, nakedness. j DENUDE', to make bare or naked. 339. Nutlus, no one. NUL'LIFY, to render of no force. I ANNUL', DISANNUL', to make NUL'LITY, nothingness. | void. 340. Nu'merus, a number. NUM'BER, multitude; more than one thing. NU'MEROUS, containing many. NUMERATION, the art of num- bering. NUMERICAL, pertaining to num- bers. ENU'MERATE, to reckon up singly. INNUMERABLE, too many to be counted. SUPERNUMERARY, a person or thing beyond the usual num- ber. 341. Nun' do, to announce. ANNOUNCE', to proclaim ; to give notice. DENOUNCE', to declare against. DENUNCIATION, public menace. ENUN'CIATE, to declare; to pro- claim; to utter. NUN'CIO, an ambassador from the Pope. PRONUNCIATION, mode of utter- ance. RENOUNCE', to disown; to re- ject. 342. Oc'ulus, the eye. OC'ULAR, perceived by the eye. OC'ULIST. an eye-doctor. BINOC'ULAR, having two eyes. INOC'ULATE, to transfer an eye or bud of a tree to another stock. 343. Odi, to hate. O'DIOUS, hateful; causing hatred. jO'oiUM, dislike; offensiveness. 344. (Tleo, to emit odor. OLFAC'TORY, pertaining to the RED'OLENT, diffusing a sweet sense of smelling. scent. 345. Oni'nis, every; all. OMNIPOTENT, (403), having all i OMNIS'CIENT, (467), having in- power. [sent, j finite knowledge. OMNIPRES'ENT, everywhere pre- OM'NIBUS, (Latin), for all. 118 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 346. Onus, (on'eris), a burden. EXONERATE, to disburden. | ON'EROUS, burdensome. 347. Opfnor, to be of opinion. OPINE', to think. OPIN'ION, belief; judgment. OPIN'IONATED, obstinate in opinion. 348. Op'to, (opta'tum), to wisb. OP'TION, choice ; preference. 1 ADOPT', to assume; to cboose OP'TATIVE, expressing desire, j or take to one's self. 349. Opus, (ap'erii), a work. OP'ERATE, to act; to produce effects. OP'ERATIVE, active. OPERA'TION, action; effect. CO-OP'ERATE, to labor jointly JOP'ERATOR, one who ope- with others. rates. CO-OPERA'TION, joint effort; aid. OPEROSE', laborious. INOPERATIVE, inefficient. MANOSU'VRE,* (282), a skilful movement. OP'ERA, a dramatic composition set to music. OPUS'CULE, a small work. * (Euvre is a French word, signifying a work, action, or performance. 350. Or'bis, a circle; a circular body. ORB, a spherical body. ] ORBIC'ULAR, circular. OR'BIT, the circular path of a,ExoRB'iTANT,f extravagant; planet. excessive. f Literally, departing from an orbit or usual track. 351. Or' do, (p/dinis), order. OR'DER, regularity. OR'DINANCE, a public command or law. OR'DINARY, in the usual order INOR'DINATE, excessive. EXTRAORDINARY, beyond the usual course. SUBORDINATE, in a lower rank. SUBORDINATION, subjection. 352. Orior, to rise or spring from. I-HTENT, rising, as the sun ; j ORIENT'AL, eastern ; belonging eastern. to the east. [ence. OR'IGIN, beginning; source. j ORIGINATE, to bring into exist- WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 119 ABOR'TTVE, produced in an im- perfect state, ineffectual. EXOR'TIVE, rising; pertaining to the east. EXOR'DIUM, (Lat. or'ch'or, to begin), a formal preface. PRIMOR'DIAL, (412), existing from the beginning. 353. Or' no, (pma'tum), to embellish. OR'NAMENT, an embellishment. OR'NATE, decorated; beautiful. ADORN', to beautify. EXORNA'TION, decoration. SUBORN',* to induce a person to swear falsely. * The Latin word subor'no, signifies to fit out privately. 354. O'ro, (ora'tum~), to pray ; to ask. ORA'TION, a formal speech. OR'ATOR, a public speaker. OR'ATORY, eloquence. OR'ISON, a prayer. OR'ACLE, a place where heathen deities or priests were con- sulted. ORAC'ULAR, positive; having an affected air of wisdom. O'RAL, (Lat. os, (o'ris), the mouth J, pertaining to speech. ADORE', to worship. ADORA'TION, worship. EX'ORABLE, to be moved by entreaty. INEX'ORABLE, not to be moved. PERORA'TlON,f the conclusion of an oration. j- Literally, the going over the oration; the peroration recapitulates the main points, and presents the argument in a small compass. 355. Os, (os'sis), a bone. Os'siCLE, a small bone. OS'SIFRAGE, (191), the ospray. OS'SIFY, (152), to change into a bony substance. OSSIF'IC, having the power of forming bone. OS'SEOUS, bony. [bones. lNTEROs'sEOUS,situatedbetween 356. O'vum, an egg. O'VAL, egg-shaped. lOvip'ARors, (363), producing I eggs. 357. Pa'gus, a village. a heathen; an idol- PA'QANISM, the worship of false gods. JWhen the Roman emperor Constantino and his successors forbade the worship of the heathen deities in the cities, its adherents retired to the vil- lages, where they could practise their rites unmolested. Hence they obtained the appellation paga'ni, pagans. The word is now applied to all nations which are neither Christian, Jewish, nor Mohammedan. ater. 120 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION, 358. Pan'do, (para'stm), to lay open, EXPAND', to open; to spread. I EXPANSE', a wide extent. EXPAN'SION, the act of expand- EXPANS'IVE, capable of beinr ing; enlargement. expanded. 359. Pan'go, (pac'tum), to drive in ; to fix. COMPACT', close; dense; firmly united. COM'PACT, an agreement. COMPACT'URE, close union. IM'PACT, a falling upon; an im- pression. 360. Pal'lium, a cloak. PALL, a covering for the dead. PAL' LI ATE, to cloak: to cover to Extenuate; with excuse: to mitigate. PALLIA'TION, mitigation. PAL'LIATIVE, tending to miti- gate or relieve. 361. Par, equal; like. PAIR, two things like each other; a couple. PAR'ITY, equality; resemblance. DISPAR'ITY, inequality. COMPARE', to examine things with reference to their like- ness or unlikeness. DISPAR'AGE, to cause disgrace, PARISYLLAB'IC, having equal or like syllables, PEER, an equal ; a nobleman. PEER'LESS, unequalled; match- less. PEER' AGE, the rank of a peer. 362. Pa'reo, (par'iturn), to be present. APPA'RENT, visible; evident. [DISAPPEAR', to vanish; to with- APPEAR', to become visible; to' draw. seem . I TR AN SPA'RENT, capable of being APPARI'TION, a spectre, a ghost. ] seen through. 363. Pa'rio, (paStum), to bring forth. PA'RENT, a father or mother; UNIP'AROUS, (563), producing that which produces. OVIP'AROUS, producing eggs. one at a birth. [alive. VIVIP'AROUS, producing young 364. Pa'ro, (para'turn"), to prepare. APPARA'TUS, furniture or uten- i SEV'ER,* to separate, sils prepared for a particular PREPARE', to make ready, business. REPAIR', to mend. * This word was probably derived indirectly from th* Latin word aepni WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. REPARATION, making good IMPAIR', to injure. 121 what was injured or lost. SEP'ARATE, to disunite, to part. 365. Pars, (par'tis), a part. PART, POR'TION, a share. PAR'TJCLE, a little part. PARTIC'ULAR, having reference to individual things; attentive to minute matters. PARTAKE', PARTic'iPATE,(47), to have part or share. PARTITION, division. PAR'TY, a set of persons en- gaged in one design. PAR'TISAN, one devoted to the interests of a party. PAR'TITIVE, distributive. PAR'TIAL, inclined to favor one party or side. PART'NER, a sharer. PAR'CEL, a number of things taken together; a small package. PARSE, to analyze grammati- cally. APART' ME NT, a room or sepa- rate enclosure. COMPART'MENT, a portion of any surface marked off. DEPART', to go away. DEPARTMENT, a separate class of duties or of topics. IMPART', to communicate; to give a share. IMPAR'TIAL, not partial. BIP'ARTITE, having two parts. 366. Pas'co, (pas'tum), to feed. PAS'TOR, (Lat. patttor, a shep- herd), a minister of the gos- pel having the care of a con- gregation. AN'TEPAST. a foretaste. PAS'TORAL, relating to shep- herds. PAS'TURE, a field or ground where cattle may graze. REPAST', a meal. 367. Pa'ter, (pa'tris), a father. PATER'NAL, pertaining to a father. PAT'RI MON Y, an inherited estate. PA'TRIOT, (Lat pa'tria, one's country), a lover of his country. PA'TRIARCH, the father and ruler of a family. PATRIS'TIC, relating to the an- cient fathers of the Christian church. PA'TRON. a protector; one who affords support. PA TRONAGE, special support PATRIC'IAN, a Roman noble- man. COMPATERN'ITY, the relation of a godfather. COMPA'TRIOT, one of the same country. EXPATRIATE, to banish from one's country. JU'PITER, the father and king of the heathen gods. PA'TER-NOS'TER, (Lat. our Fa- ther), the Lord's prayer. 122 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 868. Pa'tiur, (pa/sws), to suffer; to endure. PA'TIENCE, endurance. PA'TIENT, a. enduring without complaint. PA'TIENT, s. a sick person. IMPA'TIENT, unable to bear pain . PAS'SIVE, suffering; unresisting. PAS'SION, emotion ; the suffering of our Saviour on the cross. PAS'SIONATE, influenced by pas- sion. COMPAS'SION, pity; sympathy. COMPAS'SIONATE, to pity; to have compassion for. DISPASSIONATE, calm. IMPAS'SIONED, characterized by strong feeling. 369. Pax, (pa'cis), peace. PEACE, quiet ; rest. PACIFIC, (152), peacemaking; gentle. PAC'IFY, APPEASE', to quiet. PACIFICA'TION, an appeasing. 370. Pec'co, (pecca'tum), to err; to sin.* PECCADIL'LO. a slight transgres- sion or offence. PEC'CABLE, liable to sin. PEC'CANT, sinning; guilty. P i, is the perfect of the same verb, and signifies 7 have sinned. 371. Pec'tus, (peJtoris), the breast. PEC'TORAL, pertaining to the I EXPEC'TORATE, to discharge breast. 1 from the trachea or the lungs. 372. Pe'cus, a herd or flock; cattle. PEc'uLATE,f to steal or embez- zle public property. PECTJL'IAR,! belonging to; ap- propriate; special. PECUNIARY, relating to money. f In early times, herds and flocks constituted the sole wealth ; and hence words derived from pe'cus, &c., came to represent property in general. J Pecul'ium, in Latin, signifies a treasure or stock of money laid up by an individual; every portion of this stock would therefore be pectilla'ris, pecu- liar, i. e., his own. $ Money was first coined at Rome under the reign of Servius Tullius ; and the figure stamped upon the coin was that of the ox. Hence, money came to be called pecun 'ia in the Latin language. 373. Pel'lo, (j9tf?sm), to drive. PULSE, the throbbing of the PULSA'TION, a beating or throbv arteries. bing. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. APPULSE', a striking against. COMPEL', to force; to con- strain. COMPUL'SORY, driving by vio- lence. DISPEL', to drive away. EXPEL', to drive out. EXPUL'SION, a driving out. IMPEL', to urge forward ; to ex- cite to any action. 123 IMPEL'LENT, impulsive power. IM'PULSE, force given. IMPULS'IVE, having power to impel. PROPEL', to drive onward. REPEL', to drive back. REPUL'SION, the act or power of driving back. REPULS'IVE, fitted to repel; for- bidding. 374. Pen'deo, to hang; Pen'do, (pen'sum), to weigh; to pay out. PEN'DENT, hanging. PEN'DULUM, a vibrating body suspended from a fixed point. PEN'SION, a stated allowance. APPEND', to hang to another thing; to annex. APPEND'IX.APPEND'AQE, some- thing added at the end. COMPENDIUM, an abridgment. COMPEND'IOUS, brief; compre- hensive. COMPENSATE, to reward. COMPENSATION, remuneration. DEPEND', to hang from; to trust to. DISPENSE', to distribute; to dis- pense with, to do without. EXPEND , SPEND, to lay out. EXPENSE', cost, charges. IMPEND', to hang over. INDISPENS'ABLE, that cannot be omitted or spared. PEND'IXG, remainingundecided. PERPENDIC'ULAR, directly down- wards. PREPENSE', meditated before- hand, [dency. PROPENSITY, inclination, ten- REC'OMPENSE, raward. STI'PEND, wages; stated pay. SUSPEND', to hang; to delay. SUSPENSION, a hanging; au in- terruption. SUSPENSE', uncertainty; a stop. 375. Pe'ne, almost. PENIN'SULA, (233), a portion of land almost surrounded by water. PENULT', PENULT'IMA, (559), the last syllable of a word but one. PENUM'BRA, (560), a partial shade. PE'NAL, enacting punishment. PEN'ALTY, suffering or loss in consequence of crime. 376. Poe'na, punishment. PEN'ANCE, suffering voluntarily endured for the sake of ob- taining pardon. 124 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. PEN'ITENCE, (Lat. pceniteo, to repent), repentance. PENITEN'TIARY, a prison. IMPEN'ITENT, not contrite. REPENT', to feel sorrow or regret for what one has done, SUBPCENA,* a writ commanding one to appear in court. * The word signii land is disobeyed. es under penalty ; i. e v penalty to be suffered if the com- 377 Pen'itus, inwardly; deeply. PEN'ETRATE, (Lat. in'tro, to en- ter), to pierce; to enter. PENETRA'TION, the act of pierc- ing; acuteness. PEN'ETRATING,PEN'ETRATIVE, piercing; sharp; discerning. IMPENETRABLE, that cannot be pierced. 378. Pen'na, a feather; a wing. PEN, a writing instrument. | PEN'NATE, winged. 379. Perso'na, the mask worn by players.f PER'SON, an individual human being. PER'SONATE, to represent by ac- tion or appearance. PERSON'IFY, (152), to represent an inanimate thing as having intelligence. PERSONALLY, in person. j- Perso'na also signifies character, person, &c. 380. Pes, (pe'dii), a foot. PED'AL, a key designed to be moved by the foot. PED'ESTAL, the base on which a pillar or statue is placed. PEDES'TRIAN, going on foot. BI'PED, a two-footed animal. QUAD'RUPED, a four-footed ani- mal. PED'LER, a travelling foot trader. PED'DLE, to travel as a pedler. PED'IGREE, genealogy. EXPEDITION, haste; an enter- prise on which one undertakes a journey. EXPE'DIENT, tending to promote the object; advisable. EXPEDIENCY, fitness of mea- sures to secure a desirable end. IMPEDE', to hinder; to obstruct. IMPEDIMENT, hindrance. EX'PEDITE, to hasten. 381. Petto, (petition), to seek. PETI'TION, a request. PET'ULANT, peevish; fretful in respect to what is wished for from others. AP'PETENCE, inclination ; desire. AP'PETITE, hunger; longing. CENTRIP'ETAL, tending towards the centre. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 125 COMPETE', to rival. COMPETENCE, a sufficiency. COMPETITION, rivalry ; contest IMPET'TJOUS, headstrong; forci- IM'PETUS, force of motion. REPEAT', to try again; to re- cite. REPETITION, the act of doing ble. or uttering a second time. 382. Pflo, to pillage; to rob. COMPILE', to select and put to- PIL'LAGE, to plunder; to rob. gether. 383. Pin' go, (pic 1 turn), to paint. PICT, a painted person. PICT'URE, a painting; a repre- sentation. PICTURESQUE', like a picture. PIG'MENT, paint; color. DEPICT', to paint; to describe. 384. Pi'o, (pia'tuni), to appease by sacrifice. EX'PIATE, to atone for. [atone. PIAC'ULAR, expiatory; needing EX'PIATORY, having power to expiation. 385. Pis'cis, a fish. PIS'CATORY, relating to fishes. | PIS'CINE, of the fish kind. 386. Pla'ceo, to please. PLAC'ID, quiet; mild. COMPLA'CENCE, satisfaction. IMPLA'CABLE, (Lat. pla'co, to appease), not to be appeased. PLEAS'URE, (Fr. plaisir), satis- faction; enjoyment. COM'PLAISANCE, civility. DISPLEASE', to offend. 387. Plan'ta, a plant. PLANT, a vegetable. PLANTATION, a place planted. PLAN'TAIN, an herb; a tree. IMPLANT', to set; to insert. IMPLANT'ED, deeply fixed. SUPPLANT', to displace by tak- ing the place of the person ejected. TRANSPLANT', to remove and plant in another place. 388. Pla'nus, even; level; evident. PLANE, to make smooth. PLAIN, fest. level region ; mani- EXPLAIN', to make plain or in- telligible, [planation. EXPLANATORY, containing ex- 126 'THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 389. Plau'do, (plau'sum), to clap; to applaud. PLAUP'IT, applause. [ance. PLAUS'IBLE, right in appear- APPLAUD', to join in applause. APPLAUSE', expression of appro- bation by clapping the hands, &c. EXPLODE', to drive out in dis- grace; to burst with a loud report. EXPLO'SION, violent bursting. EXPLO'SIVE, liable to cause ex- plosion. 390. Plebs, (pletbis), the common people. PLEBE'IAN, a. pertaining to the common people. PLEBE'IAN, s. one of the com- mon people. 391. Ple'o, (pie' turn), to fill; Ple'nus, full. PLE'NARY, full ; complete. j COMPLETE', full ; perfect. PLENIPOTENTIARY, (403), in-- COMPLEMENT, full quantity. vested with full powers. | DEPLE'TION, an emptying. PLEN'TY, PLEN'ITUDE, fulness. EX'PLETIVE, something added PLEN'TEOUS, abundant. PLE'ONASM, words. a redundancy of PLE'NIST, one who maintains REPLETE', filled that all space is full of matter. ACCOMPLISH, (Fr. accomplir), to finish entirely. to fill up. IM'PLEMENT, a utensil; a tool. REPLENISH, to fill again. SUPPLY', to fill up ; to furnish. SUPPLEMENT, an addition to supply defects. 392. PU'co, (plica' turn'), to fold ; Plec'to, (plex'um'), to twine or weave. ACCOM'PLICE, one united with another in a plot. APPLY', to put one thing to another. DUPLIC'ITY, (L&t.du'plex^), dou- bleness of heart or speech. DU'PLICATE, a second thing of the sort. EXPLIC'IT, plain; clear. EX'PLICATE, to unfold; to ex- COM'PLICATED, COM'PLEX, en- plain, tangled; interwoven with other j IM'PLICATE, to involve; to show things. a connection. COMPLEX'ION, the hue of the IMPLIC'IT, relying upon ; trust- 1 features ; general [ ing without reserve. APPLICATION, the act of apply- ing; the thing applied. skin appearance of a thin Y', to yield. DISPLAY', to unfold. IMPLY', to express some opinion, although not in direct lan- guage. - WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 12 < INEXPLICABLE, not to be ex- SIMPLE,* plain; artless; single. plained. SIMPLIC'ITY, innocence ; plain- MULTIPLICA'TION, increase; re-' ness. peated addition of a quantity SIM'PLIFY, (152), to render less to itself. complex ; to make easier. PERPLEX', to entangle ; to in- SUP'PLICATE,-J- to entreat. volve. TRIP'LE, three-fold. PLI'ANT, easily bent. TRIP'LET, three verses rhyming REDUPLICA'TION, doubling. together. * The Latin word aim'plcx, is supposed to derive its first syllable from se'mel, once; simple therefore signifies, literally, once folded, i.e. not complicated or united with anything else. | Lat. sup'plex, for subplex; literally, bending beneath; kneeling before one. 393. Plo'ro, (plora'tum^, to cry; to bewail. DEPLORE', to regret; to bewail, j EXPLORE', to search; to examine. DEPLOR'ABLE, lamentable; IMPLORE', to call upon; to be- wretched. seech. 394. Plum'bum, lead. PLUMB, PLUM/MET, a leaden weight at the end of a line. PLUMB, ad. perpendicularly. PLUMB'ER, one who works lead. PLUMBA'GO, black lead; gra- phite. 395. Plus, (plu'ris), more. PLU'RAL, containing more than I SUR'PLUS, what remains beyond one. the necessary quantity. PLURALITY,! greater number. |NON'PLUS. to bring to a stand. J A candidate is said to have a plurality of votes, when he has more than uny other single candidate. $ Literally, no more. 396. Po'lio, (polCtum}, to polish. || POL'ISH, to smooth ; to bright- 1 POLITE', elegant in manners ; en. I well-bred. || See Gr. 187. 397. Po'mum, an apple. POM'ACE, the substance of apples POMEGRANATE,^ kind of fruit, or of similar fruit crushed by POM'MEL, a knob or ball, grinding. <[ Literally, an apple having many grains or seeds. 128 POUND, a weight. PON'DEROUS, heavy. PON'DER, to weigh mentally. THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 8. Pon'dus, (pou'deris), a weight. PREPONDERATE, to outweigh. IMPON'DERABLE, not having perceptible weight. 399. Po'no, (pos'itum^), to put or pk POSI'TION, place; situation. POS'ITIVE, distinctly laid down. POST, station. POS'TURE, situation ; attitude. POSTPONE', to put off; to delay. Ap'POSITE, proper; fit. COMPO'NENT, forming part of a composition. COMPOSE', COMPOUND', to put together. COMPOS'ITOR, a setter of types. COMPO'SURE, calmness ; tran- quillity. DECOMPOSE', to separate into the constituent parts. DE'POT, a place of deposit. DEPOSITION, that which is laid or thrown down ; written tes- timony. DEPOSE', to put down. DEPOSITORY, the place where anything is lodged. DEPOSITARY, the person with whom anything is lodged. DISPOSE', to place in order. EXPOSE', to lay open. EXPOS'ITOR, an explainer. EXPOSITION, explanation. IMPOSE', to put upon ; to cheat. IMPOSITION, a cheat. IM'POST, a tax laid on imported merchandise. IMPOS'TURE, fraud ; imposition. INTERPOSE', to put between. OPPOSE', to resist. j OP'POSITE, situated in front or over against. PREPOSI'TION, a word placed before another. PROPOSE', PROPOUND', to offer to consideration. PUR'POSE, intention; design. REPOSE', to rest ; to rely. REPOSITORY, a place for storing anything. SUPPOSE', to imagine or state something possible, but not known to be true. TRANSPOSE', to put each into the place of the other. 400. Pop'ulus, the people. PEO'PLE, persons ; a nation. j DEPOPULATE, to deprive of in- POPULA'TION, the whole number j habitants. of people in a country or dis- PUB'LIC, general ; national. trict. .ruii 1,11;, general; national. PUBLICITY, general notoriety. PUB'LISH, to make known; to POP'ULACE, the common people. ; PUB'LISH, to make known POP'ULAR, suitable to people in ! send out to the public. general. ; PUBLICATION, a publishing; a POP'ULOUS, full of people. book. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 401. Por'ta, a gate. 129 POR'TAL, a gate; an entrance. POR'TICO, a covered walk; an entrance. POR'TER, a doorkeeper. PORT'-HOLE, a gun hole in a ship's side. PORT, a harbor; a place where vessels may enter. 402. For' to, to carry. POR'TER, a carrier. OPPORTUNITY, fit time ; occa- PORT'ABLE, easily carried. sion. PORTMAN'TEAU, a kindof valise, j OPPORTUNE', well timed. COMPORT', to agree; to suit. DEPORT'MENT, conduct. EXPORT', to send abroad. IMPORT', to bring into a country. IMPORT'ANT, weighty; moment- ous. IMPORTUNE', to tease, to molest. IMPORTU'NITY, urgent solicita- tion. INOPPORTUNE', unseasonable. PORTFOLIO, a case for carrying loose papers. PUR'PORT, meaning. PORT'LY, corpulent. REPORT', rumor; an account. SUPPORT', to bear up ; to prop. TRANSPORT', to carry from place to place. 403. Possum, (potfui), to be able. POS'SIBLE, that can be done. I PLENIPOTENTIARY, (391), hav- PO'TENT, powerful. ing full power. IM'POTENT, powerless. OMNIPOTENT, (345), infinite power. havin PO'TENTATE, one having kingly power. POTENTIAL, relating to power. 404. Pos'terus, following ; coming after. POSTE'RIOR, after. later ; POSTERITY, succeeding genera- coming POS'TERN, primarily, a back door or gate ; hence, any tions. small door or gate. PREPOS'TEROUS,* absurd. * Literally, having that first which ought to be last ; inverted in order. Webster. 405. Pos'tulo, (postula' tum^) , to demand. POST'ULATE, a position to which assent is demanded. EXPOSTULATE, to reason earn- estly with a view to dissuade. 130 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 40G. Po'to, (pota'tum or po'tum}, to drink. PO'TION, a draught; a dose. POTA'TION, a drinking; a draught. COMPOTA'TION, a drinking to- gether. SYMPO'SIUM, a banquet. 407. Pre'cor, (preca'tus), to entreat. DEP'RECATE, to pray for deliver- IM'PRECATE, to invoke calamity ance from any evil; to dread to rest upou any one. or regret. PRECA'RIOUS,* uncertain; not sure to be retained. * Original signification, asked for, and therefore dependent on the will of another. 408. Prce'da, prey; booty. PREY, plunder. DEPREDA'TION, a robbing ; a PRED'ATORY, plundering. spoiling. PREDA'CEOUS, living by prey. I DEP'REDATOR, a robber. 409. Prehen'do, (prehen'sum~), to seize. APPREHEND', to lay hold on ; to INCOMPREHENSIBLE, not to be suspect with fear. understood. APPRENTICE, (Fr. apprenti), a PRIS'ON. (Fr. prison~), a place learner of an art or trade. of confinement. APPRISE', to inform, to give | PRIZE, that which is taken in notice. [elude. contest. CoMPREHEND',CoMpRiSE',toin-iREPRi'sAL, seizure of property ENTERPRISE, that which is un- 1 in war. dertaken. j REPREHEND', to blame; to chide. IMPREG'NABLE, (Fr. ?Vpre?m- REPREHEN'SIBLE, blame-worthy. lie}, not to be stormed or SURPRISE', astonishment at taken. something unexpected. 410. Pre'mo, (pres'sum~) } to press. PRESS, to squeeze ; to urge. i EXPRESS', to squeeze out ; to IMPRESS', to imprint; to stamp. | declare. IMPRES'SION, a print; a mark OPPRESSION, cruelty; severity. made by pressure. COMPRESS', to force together. COMPRESS'IBLE, yielding to pressure. DEPRESS', to bear down. PRINT, (Fr. imprimer), to stamp with letters or figures. REPRESS', to force back. SUPPRESS', to subdue; to con- ceal. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 411. Pre'tium, price, reward. 131 PRICE, value; rate; reward. PRE'CIOUS, valuable; costly. APPRECIATE, to estimate justly. DEPRE'CIATE, to undervalue. 412. Pri'mus, first. PRIME, a first rate. PRIME, v. to put on the first coat in painting. PRIM'ER, a child's first book. PRiME'vAL,(147), PRIMITIVE, original; ancient. PRINCE, (Lat. prin'ceps), a sovereign or his kinsman. PRI'MATE, an archbishop. PREM'IER, the first minis minister of state. PRIM, nice ; formal. PRIM'ROSE, a rose which opens very early in the spring. PRIN'CIPLE, element; original cause; ground of action. PRIN'CIPAL, (47), chief, capital. PRI'OR, former; antecedent. PRIOR'ITY, precedence. PRIMOGENITURE, (204), state of being: first born. 413. Pri'ous, single; one's own. PRI'VATE, secret; particular. PRI'VACY, secrecy; retirement. PRIVILEGE, (256), peculiar ad- vantage. PRIVA'TION, a taking away; lack. PRIV'ATIVE, causing lack. PRIV'Y, secret; sharing in a secret. PRIV'ILY, in a secret manner. PRIVATEER', a vessel fitted out by private owners, to plunder the vessels of a hostile nation. DEPRIVE', to take away from. 414. Pro'bo, (proba'tum,*) to approve; to try. Pro'bus, honest. PROB'ITY, honesty; integrity. PROBE, to search into. PROB'ABLE, likely. PROBA'TION, trial. PROVE, to try, to test. [with. APPROVE', to like; to be pleased APPROBATION, APPRO'VAL, the act of approving. DISPROVE', to confute. IMPROVE', to make better. REPROVE', to blame; to censure. REP'ROBATE, lost to virtue. 415. Pro'pe, near Pi-ox' imus, nearest; next. PROPIN'QUITY, (Lat. propin'- quitas), nearness. PROX'IMATE, nearest; next. PROXIM'ITY, immediate near- APPROX'IMATE, APPROACH', (Fr. approcher^), to come near. REPROACH', (Fr. reprocher}, to 132 THE" SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 416. Pru'priuSj belonging to; peculiar. APPROPRIATE, v. to take for PROP'ERTY, that which belongs one's own use. to a person or thing. APPROPRIATE, a. suitable, fit. PROP'ER, fit ; suitable : also, belonging to; peculiar. PROPRIETOR, an owner of pro- perty, [ownership. PROPRIETY, suitableness : also, 417. Pu'er, a boy. PU'ERILE, boyish. (PUERIL'ITY, boyishness. 418. Pii(/nus, the fist. PUGNA'CIOUS, (Lat. pug'na, ajExpuGN*', to conquer. battle), quarrelsome; disposed i IMPUGN', to attack; to reproach. to fight. [fists, j OPPUGN', to oppose; to resist. PU'GILIST, a fighter with the | REPUG'NANGE, reluctance. 419. Pnl' vis, (pul'verii), dust. PUL'VERIZE, to reduce to pow- 1 PULVER'ULENT, consisting of der. I fine powder. 420. Pun'go, (punc'tum), to prick. PUN'GENT, pricking; sharp. PUNCTUALITY, scrupulous ex- PUNCT'URE, a hole pierced. actness in regard to time. PUNCTUA'TION, (Lat.^unc'fum, COMPUNC'TION, the sting of fot.pi , the conscience. a point or dot), the art of pointing written language. EXPUNGE', to cross out or ef- PuNCTii/lous,exact in behavior, j face. 421. Pu'nio, (jcntnfturn), to punish. Pux'isn, to inflict pain for evil conduct. PU'NITIVE, awarding or inflict- ing punishment. IMPU'NITY, freedom from pun- ishment; freedom or exemp- tion from evil consequences. 422. Pu'to, (pnta'tum), to think. ACCOUNT, (Fr. compte), a reck- 1 AM'PUTATE, to cut off.* ouing; a narrative. | COMPUTE', to count or reckon. * The primary signification of the Latin word ptito is to lop off or prune ; it also signifies secondarily, to adjust accounts ; to reckon. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 133 COUNT, to enumerate. j DISPUTE', to contend in argu- DEPUTE', to send as a substitute. I ment. DEP'UTY, one appointed to act for another. DEPUTA'TIO.V, the person or persons deputed. IMPUTE', to set to the account of; to ascribe. REPUTA'TION, REPUTE', charac- ter; public estimation. 423. Qua'lis, such as; of what kind. QUAL'ITY, character; nature ; I QUALIFICA'TION, fitness; modi- degree of excellence. QUAL'IFY, (152), to render fit. fication. DISQUALIFY, to render unfit. 424. Quan'tus, how great; as great as. QUAN'TITY, that property of any- ' QuAN'TUM,the required amount, thing which may be increased i AL'IQUANT, an arithmetical or diminished. term. 425. Qua'tio, (quas'sum~), to shake. QUASH, to crush ; to annul. QUASSA'TION, a shaking. CONCUS'SION,* a violent agita- Discuss',f to examine; to debate. PERCUs'siON,astriking; astroke. SQUASH, something easily crush- tion; a shock. ed; a fruit. * From concu'tio, which is compounded of con and qnu'tio. ( From discn'tio, signifying to shake apart or in pieces. 42G. f four; Quad'ra, a square body. QUAD'RAXT, a quarter of a cir- cle ; an instrument. QUADRAT'IC, pertaining to the square or second power of a quantity. QUADRAN'GULAR, having four angles. QUAD'RATE, to suit; to corres- pond. QUADRILAT'ERAL, (250), four- sided. QUAD'RUPED, (380), a four- footed animal. QUAD'RUPLE, fourfold. QUAR'ANTINE,! the term during which a vessel suspected of infection is kept at a distance from the port or city. QUART, the fourth part of a gallon. QUART'AN, an ague returning every fourth day. QUART'ER, the fourth part. QUART'ERN, the fourth part of a pint. QUAR'TO, a book in which every sheet makes four leaves. QUATERN'ION, the number four. J Literally, the space of forty days. 134 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. SQUAD'RON,* a division of a SQUARE, (Fr. quarre}, having fleet; a detachment of ships four equal sides and four right of war. angles. * Primary signification, a square or square form. 427. Que'ror, (ques'tui), to complain. QUAR'REL, (Fr. quereller), to QuERlMO'NIOUS,apttocomplain. contend angrily; to find fault ; QUER'ULOUS, disposed to mur- to cavil. mur. 428. Qua^ro, (qucesHtvm,} to seek; to ask. QUEST, search; inquiry. QUE'ET, QUES'TION, an asking; a doubt. ACQUIRE', to obtain. ACQUISITION, the thing ac- quired; the act of acquiring. CON'QUER, (Fr. conquerir*), to subdue; to gain by force. CON'QUEST, the act of conquer- ing. DISQUISI'TION, a systematic ex- amination of a subject. EX'QUISITE,| nice; excellent. INQUIRE', to ask a question. INQUIS'ITIVE, apt to ask ques- tions ; curious. INQUISI'TION, an investigation or trial. INQUISITO'RIAL, pertaining to the Catholic court of inquisi- tion. PER'QUISITE, a fee; an allow- ance beyond the stated wages. REQUEST', to solicit; to entreat REQUIRE', to demand. REQUIREMENT, REQUISITION, a, demand. [sary. REQ'UISITE, required ; neces- j- Literally, sought out from among others ; whence, choice ; select. 429. Qui'es, (quie'tis), rest. QUIET, tranquil ; at rest. | DISQUI'ET, to disturb. QUI'ETUDE, QUIES'CENCE, a : RE'QUIEM,| (in the Romish state of repose. church), a hymn or mass ACQUIESCE', to assent; to rest sung for the dead, for the rest satisfied. of the soul. J So called from the first word of the form used. 430. Quin'que, five. QUINQUEFO'LIATED, having five QUINTESSENCE, the fifth es- leaves. sence ; the essence highly QUINQUEN'NIAL, (14), occur- refined. ring once in five years. QUINTUPLE, five-fold. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. I3r> QUO'TA, a just part or share. QUOTJD'IAN, (118), daily. 431. Quot, how many; as many. QUO'TIENT, the number which shows how often the divisor is contained in the dividend. 432. Ra'bies, madness. RAB'ID, mad, as a dog. | RAVE, to be delirious or furious. 433. Ra'dius, a rod; a spoke. RA'DIUS, the semi-diameter of a circle. RAY, a line of light. RA'DIATE, to emit rays. RA'DIANCE, effulgence. IRRA'DIATE, to illuminate. 434. Ra'dix, (rackets), a root. RAD'ICAL, pertaining to the RAD'ICLE, the germ of the root. root;* deep seated. ord radical, wt with first principles, rejecting artificial arrangements. ERADICATE, to root out. * The word radical, when used in a political sense, denotes a disposition to go to the root in respect to the constitution of society, and to set out anew 435. Ra'do, (ra'swm), to shave.- ABRADE', to rub or wear off. ABRA'SION, the act of rubbing off. ERASE', to rub out; to obliterate. ERA'SURE, RA'SURE, the act of erasing. RASE or RAZE, to demolish; to destroy utterly. RA'ZOR, an instrument for shaving. _ RAZEE', a ship of war cut down to a smaller size. 436. Ra'mus, a bough or branch. RAM'IFY, to branch out ; to be RAMIFICA'TION, division into divided and subdivided. branches. 437. Ra'pio, (rap'fum), to snatch. RAP'INE, plunder. RAPA'CIOUS, RAV'ENOUS, plun- dering; greedy. RAPT, carried away by feeling or enthusiasm. RAPT'URE, ecstasy; transport. RAPT' URDUS, ecstatic. ENRAPT'URE, to put into ec- stasy; to delight. RAP'ID, swift. RAV'AGE, to lay waste. RAV'ISII, to bear away with joy or transport. [stealth. SURREPTI'TIOUS, done by 136 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 438. Re' go, (red turn), to direct; to rule. RE'GAL, (Lat. rex, (refgis), a .king), kingly. ARRECT', (Lat. recftus, straight), raised up; attentive. CORRECT', to make right. DIRECT', v. to guide; to order. DIRECT', a. straight; not wind- ing. DIRECT'LY, immediately. ERECT', upright; perpendicular. INCOR'RIGIBLE, bad beyond cor- rection. INTERREG'NUM, (Lat. rey'num, a reign), the time in which a throne is vacant between two reigns. REC'TIFY, (152), to set right. RE'GENT, a governor. REC'TOR, a director; a pastor. RECTILIN'EAR, (-65), consist- ing of right lines. REC'TITUDE, virtue ; upright- ness. REG'ICIDE, (41), the murderer of a king. REG'IMEN, a system of regula- tions; a course of diet. REG'ULAR, agreeable to rule. REG'ULATE, to adjust methodi- cally. REIGN, to exercise royal autho- rity. RIGHT, fit; just; true. SOVE'REIGN, a supreme ruler. 439. JRe'or, (ra'tiis), to think; to judge. RATE, v. to determine value ac-IllATiONA'LE, a series of reasons cording to a standard. RATE, s. mode of estimating. RAT'IFY, to sanction, to confirm. RATIFICATION, confirmation. RATIOCINA'TJON, (Lat, ra'tio, reason), a process of reason- ing- assigned. RA'TIONAL, agreeable to reason. IRRA'TIONAL, not rational. REAS'ON, (Fr. raison), the faculty of judging, which man possesses. RA'TION, a fixed allowance. 440. Re'po, (rep'tuni), to creep. REP'TILE, a creeping animal. ! IRREPTI'TIOUS, privately intro- I duced. 441. Res, a thing. RE'AL, actually existing. i RE'ALIZE, to bring into actual REAL'ITY, actual existence. existence ; to consider as real. 442. Ri'deo, (ri'surn), to laugh. RID'ICULE, s. a laughable repre- RID'ICULE, v. to mako sport of. sentation. RIDIC'ULOUS, worthy of ridicule. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 137 DERIDE', to laugh at in a con- temptuous manner. DERIS'ION, contempt. IRRIS'ION, laughing at another. EJS'IBLE, pertaining to laughter; laughable. 443. Ri'geo, to be stiff, as with cold. RIG'IB, stiff; strict; exact. jRio'oR, austerity; severity. RIGIB'ITY, stiffness; harshness. | RIG'OROUS, severe ; exact. 444. Ri'yo, (riga'tum), to water. IP/RIGATE, to water, as a garden. | IRRIG'UOUS, watered; watery. 445. Rivus, a stream. RIV'ULET, a little stream. BJV'ER, a large stream. ARRIVE',* to come to or reach. DERIVE',^ to deduce or draw from some source. RI'VAL,| a competitor. * Literally, to come to the shore or bank. Webster. f This word signifies, primarily, to draw a rivulet from the main stream or reservoir. J Among the Romans, those whose lands were separated by a brook were called rii:a'les ; the word rival seems to have originated in the idea of con- tention as occurring between such proprietors. 446. Ro'bur, (roUoris), strength. CORROBORATE, to confirm; to make more certain. ROB'ORANT, strengthening. ROBUST', strong; vigorous. Mir 447. Ro'f/o, (roga'tum'), to ask. AB'ROG ATE, to repeal; to annul. AR'ROGATE, to claim. AR'ROGANCE, claiming much for one's self; pride; con- ceitedness. AR'ROGANT, haughty; conceited. DER'OGATE, to detract; to dis- parage. DEROG'ATORY, tending to de- tract from the estimation in which anything is held. INTERROGATION, the act of questioning; a question. INTERROG'ATIVE, containing a question. PREROG'ATIVE,|| an exclusive privilege. PROROGUE',^" to put off; to ap- point at a future time. SUPEREROGA'TION, performance of more than duty requires. SUR'ROGATE, a deputy. g Literally, to propose or seek freedom from. || A privilege sought or asked which places the person before others, or gives superiority. ^ To ask or propose with respect to future time. 138 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 448. Ro'ta, a wheel. RO'TARY, RO'TATORY, turning, as a wheel on its axis. ROTA'TION, rotary motion. ROTE, a round of words; repe- tition of mere words. ROTUND', round; spherical. ROTUND'ITY, roundness; sphe- ricity. ROTUND'O, a round building. ROUTINE', a round of business. 449. Ru'dis, unpolished; uncultivated. RUDE, rough; coarse; un- RU'DIMENT, an elementary truth or principle. RUDIMENT'AL, initial; primary. finished. ER'UDITE,* learned. * Compounded of e, from, and rudis, and signifying, literally, brought out from ignorance or rudeness. 450. Ru'ga. a wrinkle. COR'RUGATE, to wrinkle. j RU'GOSE, wrinkled. 451. Rum'po, ( RUP'TURE, a breaking. ABRUPT', broken off short; having a sudden termination ; unconnected. BANK'RUPT, a trader who can- not pay his debts. CORRUPT', decomposed ; de- based; impure. to break. CORRUPTIBLE, capable of be- coming corrupt. DISRUPTION, the act of break- ing asunder. ERUP'TION, a bursting out. INTERRUPT', to break in upon the progress of anything. IRRUP'TION, a bursting in. 452. JRus, (ru'ris), the country. RU'RAL, belonging to the coun- try. RUS'TIC, plain; unpolished. RUSTIC'ITY, the qualities of a countryman. RUS'TICATE, to reside for a time in the country. 453. Sa'cer, consecrated. SA'CRED, holy; inviolable. J EX'ECRATE, (Lat. ex'sccror, to CON'SECRATE, to devote to sa-l utter imprecations), to detest. cred purposes. j SACERDO'TAL, (Lat. sacer'dos, a DES'ECRATE, to abuse or pervert j priest), belonging to the priest- a sacred thing. j hood. xx WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 139 SAC'RAMENT, a religious cere- mony. SAC'RILEGE, a violation of what is sacred. SAC'RIFICE, a religious offering; a surrender of some good for the sake of an ulterior object. 454. -Sa'gus, wise; discerning. SAGE, wise; prudent. SAGACI'TY, discernment; acute- SAGA'CIOUS, discerning. PRE'SAGE, a prognostic. 455. Sal, (sa'lii), salt. SAL'AD, (Fr. salade), raw herbs dressed with salt, &c. SAL'ARY,* a fixed annual com- pensation for services. SALINE', partaking of the quali- ties of salt. SALT, the chloride of sodium. SALSU'GINOUS, saltish. * The Latin word sala'rium, signifies, properly, money for salt; hence, allowance for expenses. Leverett. 456. Sa'lio, (sal 1 turn), to leap; to spring. ASSAIL', ASSAULT', to attack. ASSAIL'ANT, one who makes an attack. DES'ULTORY, leaping; passing immethodically from one sub- ject to another. EXULT', to rejoice greatly. INSULT', to treat with contempt or abuse. RESIL'IENT, rebounding. RESULT', to fly back or rebound; to follow as an- effect. SAL'LY, to rush out suddenly. SA'LIENT, leaping ; shooting out. SALM'ON, a leaping fish. SALTA'TION, a leaping or jump- ing; palpitation. 457. Sa'lus, (salu'tis), health; safety. SAL'UTARY, healthful; advanta- geous. SAFE, free from danger. SALU'BRITY, tendency to pro- mote health. [or success. SALUTE', to greet; to wish health SALUTA'TION, a greeting. SALVA'TION, preservation from destruction. SAL'VAGE, a reward allowed by law for saving a vessel or its cargo from loss at sea. SAL'VO, an exception; a reser- vation. SALVE, an ointment. SAVE, to preserve ; to rescue. SAV'IOUR, one who rescues. 140 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 458. San'cio, (sane' turn), to consecrate; to ordain or establish. SAINT, a person sanctified. SANC'TION, confirmation ; ap- SANC'TIFY, (152), to make holy, proval. SANCTIMO'NIOUS, having the i SANC'TITY, (Lat. sanc'tus, holy), appearance of sanctity. sacredness; holiness. SANC'TUS, a chant. i SANC'TUARY, a sacred place. 459. San'guis, (san'yuinis), blood. SAN'GUINARY, bloody. SAN'GUINE, ardent in feeling; confident. CONSANGUIN'ITY, relationship by blood. [blood. ENSAN'GTJINE, to stain with 460. Sa'nus, sound; healthy. SANE, sound; having. reason. SAN'ITY, soundness; reason. INSANE', disordered in mind. INSAN'ITY, derangement; mad- ness. SAN'ATIVE, tending to heal. X v v 461. 'Sa'pio, to have flavor or taste; to be wise. SA'PIENT, wise; discerning. I INSIP'ID, tasteless. SA'PIENCE, wisdom. SA'VOR, taste or odor. SAP'ID, having flavor. SA'VORY, pleasing to the organs SAPORIF'IC, producing taste. of taste or smell. 462. Sapo, (sapo'nis'), soap. SAPONA'CEOUS, soapy. I SAPON'IFY, (152), to convert I into soap. 463. Sa'tis, enough. SATE, SA'TIATE, to feed to the ! SAT'URATE, to add an ingredient full; to fill beyond natural desire. until no more can be absorbed. SAT'ISFY, (152), to gratify wants SATI'ETY, an excess of gratifica- 1 or demands to the full extent, tion ; fulness producing dis- i INSA'TIABLE, INSA'TIATE, not gust. i to be satisfied. 464. Sca'la, a ladder. SCALE, to climb, as by a lad- 1 ESCALADE', an attack on a for- der. tified place. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIX. 465. Scan' do, (scan' sum}, to climb; to mount. 141 ASCEND', to climb or go up. I CONDESCENSION, voluntary de- ASCENT', the way by which one! scent from rank, &c. ascends. DESCEND', to go down. CONDESCEND', to stoop ; to de- scend from the dignity of rank or character. TRANSCEND', to rise beyond; to surmount. SCAN, to examine with critical care; to examine a verse by counting the feet. 466. Scin'do, (sciVswm), to cut; to divide. SCIS'SORS, small shears. EXSCIND', to cut off. RESCIND', to abrogate; to re- voke. 467. Sci'o, to know ; Scien'tia, knowledge. SCI'ENCE, knowledge. j CONSCIOUSNESS, the knowledge SCIENTIFIC, pertaining to! of what passes in one's own science. mind. SCI'OLIST, asmatterer; one who CONSCIENTIOUS, obedient to the knows many things superfi- dictates of conscience. cially. OMNIS'CIENCE, (345), know- CON'SCIENCE, the knowledge of! ledge of all things. right and wrong. i PRESCI'ENCE, foreknowledge. & * "* 468. Scri'bo, (scrip* turn), to write. SCRIBE, a writer ; a secretary. SCRIB'BLE, to write carelessly. SCRIPT'URE, a writing.* SCRIVE'NER, one who draws contracts or other writings. SCRIP, a small writing or certi- ficate. SUBSCRIBE', to write under- neath ; to sign with one's own hand. DESCRIBE',! to give an account of. PRESCRIBE, to give a written direction; to give a rule of conduct. PROSCRIBE',;}; to censure and condemn as .unworthy of re- ception. TRANSCRIBE', to write a copy of anything. CIRCUMSCRIBE', to limit; to enclose by a boundary. INSCRIBE', to write upon ; to dedicate in a short written address. ASCRIBE', to attribute to. * Used only in reference to the Sacred Writings contained in the Bible. ( Literally, to write concerning. J Primitire signification, to write the name of a person on the list of those M-bo are placed out of the protection of the law. 142 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. CONSCRIP'TION, an enrolling. MAN'USCRIPT. (282), that which SUPERSCRIPTION, that which is is written with the hand, written on the outside. POST'SCRIPT, something written SCRUTOIR', a kind of writing- desk. after a letter has been con- cluded and signed. 469. -Scru'torj (scruta'tus), to examine. SCRU'TINY, close examination. INSCRU'TABLE, unsearchable; SCRUTINIZE, to examine closely. nut to be understood. 470. SJco, (scc'turn), to cut. A SE'CANT, in geometry, a line j DISSECT', to cut in pieces in which cuts another or divides j such a manner as to show the it into two parts. [tion. | several constituent parts. SEC'TION, a part; a distinct por- ; IN'SECT, a small animal. SECT, a party holding peculiar J!NSEC'TION, a cutting in. sentiments in philosophy or religion. SEG'MENT, a part cut off. INTERSECTION, the point where lines cut each other. VENESEC'TION, (Lat. ve'na, BISECT', to separate into twoj vein), the act of opening a equal parts. I vein. 471. Sec'ulum, an age. SEC'ULAR, pertaining to the ! SEC'ULARIZE, to make worldly, present world. 472. Stfdeo, (seJsum), to sit. SED'ENTARY, accustomed to sit- ting. SES'SION, a sitting. SEDATE', settled; calm; sober. POSSESS', (Lat. possid'eo), to hold; to own. PRESIDE', to be set over; to RESIDE', to dwell. [direct. SED'IMENT, that which settles. jREs'iDUE, the remaining part. ASSID'UOUS, SED'ULOUS, dili-! SUBSIDE', to sink away. gent in application.* ! SUBSIDIARY, aiding; furnishing INSID'IOUS, [properly, lying in | supplies. wait], deceitful; treacherous. ;SuB'siDiZE, to purchase the as- ASSESS', to fix the value of pro- j sistance of another. perty for the purpose of taxa- tion. ASSIZE', a kind of court. SUPERSEDE',! to ta ^ e tne of; to set aside by having superior influence. * Literally, sitting close to work, f Literally, to sit above. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 143 v . y y 473. Se'men, (sem'inis), seed. SEM'INAL, pertaining to seed jIDissEM'ix ATE, to scatter abroad, elementary. [tion.* as seed. SEM'INARY, a place of cduca-j * Because the seeds of knowledge are there planted. X 474. Sem'i, (an inseparable particle), half. SEM'I-AN'NUAL, half yearly. SEM'IBREVE, a note in music. SEM'I-CIRCLE, half of a circle. SEM'I-DIAM'ETER, half the diameter. [tone. SEM'I-TONE, (in music), half a 475. St'nex, aged Se'nior, older. SE'NIOR, one more advanced in years or in the course of ap- pointment or station. SE'NILE, pertaining to old age. SEN'ATOR, a member of a sen- ate.f SEIGN'IOR, a nobleman; a title of honor. | The Romans called their highest legislative body the Senate, from its having been composed at first of the older men. ^ >. r 476. Sen'tio, (sen'suin), to perceive; to think. SEN'TIMENT, thought ; opinion ; SENSITIVE, easily affected. SENS'IBLE, able to perceive; in- telligent; perceptible by the notion. SENTIMENT' AL, reflective. SEN'TIENT, having the faculty of perception. ASSENT', to agree to. SEN'TENCE, a judgment pro- CONSENT', to yield. nounced upon a criminal ; a DISSENT', to differ in opinion ; complete expression in words. to refuse assent. SENSE, the faculty of perceiving PRESENT'IMENT, apprehension by the senses or by the intel- : of something future. lect; meaning. j RESENT', to manifest anger in SENS'UAL, pertaining to the! consequence of a supposed senses. i injury. 477. Sepe'lio, (sepul'tuni), to bury. SEP'ULCIIRE, a tomb or place of burial. 10 SEP'ULTURE, burial ; the act of interring. 144 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 478. Scp'tem, seven. SEPTEM'BER, the seventh SEP'TUAGINT^ (Lat. srptua- month.* gin' tu, seventy), a Greek ver- SEP'TENAR Y,consisting of seven. ; sion ur translation of the Old SEP'TUPLE, seven-fold. | Testament. * Reckoning from March, which was once accounted the first month in the year. f So called hecause it was made by seventy (or more exactly seventy-two) interpreters. The date of its execution was about 280 B. C. 479. Se'quor, (secu'tus), to follow. SE'QUEL, the succeeding part, j PEB'SECUTE, to pursue with in- SE'QUENCE, a following; suc-j juries and vexation. PROS'ECUTE, to follow with a CON'SEQUENCE, that which fol- lows from any act or event. CONSEC'UTIVE, following in regular order. EX'ECUTE, (Lat. ex'sequor*), to carry into effect. view to accomplish; to bring to trial. OB'SEQUIES, funeral solemnities. ENSUE', to follow as a conse- quence. PURSUE', to follow ; to chase. OBSE'QUIOUS, complying in a | SUBSEQUENT, occurring at a servile manner. I later period. 480. Se'ro, (ser'tum^), to knit together; to connect. SE'RIES, a succession of things, j DESERT', to forsake. SER'MON, (Lat. ser'mo, speech), DISSERTA'TION, a treatise, a discourse. "" ' .--... ASSERT', to declare ; to affirm. ASSERT'OR, a vindicator. EXERT', to put forth ; to put into action. INSERT', to set in or among. 481. Ser'po, to creep. SER'PENT, a creeping animal, j SER'PENTINE, winding; spiral. 482. Ser'ra, a saw. SER'RATE, SER'RATED, notched SER'RULATE, finely serrate j like a saw. having minute teeth. 483. So-'vo, (serva'tum), to watch; to preserve; Se^vus, a slave or servant. SERVE, (Lat ser'vio), to attend | SERV'ANT, one who serves, at command; to wait on. I SERF, a kind of slave. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 145 SERV'ICE, labor performed for another. SER'VILE, slavish. SER'VITUDE, slavery. CON'SERVE, a sweet-meat. CONSERVATORY, a place where anything is preserved. DESERVE', to merit. OBSERVE', to watch; to have regard to. PRESERVE', to save. RESERVE', to keep back ; to keep in store. SUBSER'VIENT, useful as an in- strument in promoting some end. RES'ERVOIR, a place for con- taining what is kept in store; particularly a cavity for hold- ing a fluid. 484. Seve'rus, severe. SEVERE', sharp; strict; exact. PERSEVERE', to persist in an attempt. ASSEVERA'TION, a solemn af- firmation. , SEVER'ITY, sharpness ; strict ness, [pursuit. PERSEVE'RANCE, constancy in a 485. Sex, six. SEXAGENA'RIAN, (Lat. seoca- \ SEX'TANT, the sixth part of a ffin'ta, sixty), one at the age circle; an instrument for of sixty years. measuring angles. 486. Si'dus, (sid'eris), a star. SIDE'REAL, pertaining to stars. CONSID'ER, to think of; to de- liberate. SIGN, s. a token ; a mark. SIGN, v. to write one's name under any form or document. SIG'N AL, that which gives notice. SIG'NIFY, to express ; to mean. INSIGNIP'ICANT, wanting mean- ing; unimportant. ASSIGN', to allot; to appoint. 487. Sig'num, a sign ; a seal. CONSIGN', to deliver over; to commit. DESIGN', to purpose ; to plan. DESIGNATE, to point out. DESIGNATION, a name. EN'SIGN, a standard; a badge. RESIGN', to yield ; to give up. SIG'NET, a seal. 488. Sim' His, like. SIM'ILAR, like; resembling. SIM'ILE, an illustrative compari- son. SIMILARITY, SIMIL'ITUDE, SEM'BLANCE,RESEM'BLANCE, likeness; comparison. ASSI.M'ILATE, to make like; to cause to resemble. 146 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. . DISSEM'BLE, to hide under a/lliESEM'BLE, (Fr. ressemUer), to be like. SIMULTANEOUS, (Lat. si'mu?, together), at the same time. false appearance. DISSIMULATION, hypocrisy. DISSIM'ILAR, unlike. FAC-SIM'ILE, (152), iinitation. in exact j SIMULATION, pretence; dis- I guise. honest. 489. Sinister, left. , left handed; dis- 1 SIN'ISTROUS, wrong; perverse. 490. Si'nus, SI'NUS, a bay. SINUOS'ITY, a bending insr in and out. fold; a bosom. INSIN'UATE, to introduce by slow, gentle or artful means. INSINUATION, a hint. 491. Sis' to, or sto, (sta'tum), to stand; to place; to set up. STATE, condition. STA'TION, a standing place. STATIONARY, fixed; settled. STAT'URE, the height of a person. STAT'UE, an image set up. STA'BLE, STALL, a house for beasts to stand in. STABILITY, steadiness. AR'MISTICE, (25), a cessation from hostilities; a truce. ARREST', to stop. ASSIST', to stand by; to help. CIR'CUMSTANCE,* something at- tending a fact or case. CONSIST', to stand together; to be composed of. CONSIST'ENT, compatible; con- gruous, [tinual. CON'STANT, unchanged ; con- CON'STITUTE, to form or com- pose. CONSTITUTION, established sys- ... tern. CoN'sTABLE,f an officer of the peace. DESIST', to stand off; to stop. DES'TITUTE, not possessing ; needy. DIS'TANT, remote; far off. DIS'TANCE, space between two objects. ESTAB'LISH, to settle firmly. EXIST', to be. EX'TANT, now in being. INSIST', to stand upon ; to urge. IN'STANT, pressing; present; a oint of time. P IN'STANCE, urgency; example. INSTATE', to set or place. IN'TERSTICE, a narrow space between things. [the way. OB'STACLE, that which stands in PERSIST', to persevere. PROS'TITUTE, to devote to a base purpose. RESIST', to withstand. Literally, that which stands around or near, f Lat. co'mes stab'uli, overseer of the stable; an office which existed under the Roman emperors. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 147 RESTITUTION, giving back. SOL'STICE, (493), the tropical point STAT'ICS, that branch of mechan- ics, which treats of bodies at rest. STA'MEN, the fixed, firm part of a body which gives it strength. STAND, to be erect; to remain fixed. SUBSTITUTE, that which is put in the place of something else. SUBSIST', to be; to continue. SUBSISTENCE, being; support. SuB'sTArcE, being; body. SUBSTANTIVE, having separate existence. SUBSTANTIAL, not imaginary; solid. SUPERSTI'TION, false religion. 492. So'cius, a companion. SO'CIABLE, agreeable as a com- panion; familiar. SOCI'ETY, a union of persons for any particular purpose. SO'CIAL, pertaining to society. ASSO'CIATE, CONSO'CIATE, to unite. ASSOCIATION, CONSOCIA'TION, union; alliance. DISSO'CIATE, to disjoin. 493. Sol, (so'lis), the sun. SO'LAR, pertaining to the sun. IN'SOLATE, to expose to the heat of the sun. 494. Sol'idus, solid. SOI/ID, not fluid ; stron pact. SOLID'ITY, firmness; SOLID'IFY, to make solid. CONSOLIDATE,* to form into a compact mass. * Con'sols, in England, are annuities. SOL'DER or SOD'ER, to unite by a metallic cement. a man engaged in military service. SOLD'IERY, the body of military men. tocks formed by the consolidation of different ( The Romans had a gold coi that the word soldier was dern n called the Sol'idus or Sol'dus ; it is supposed ed from the mode of military payment. 495. So'lor, (sola' (us), to comfort ; to soothe. CONSOLE', to comfort; to cheer. DISCONSOLATE, destitute of con- solation; dejected; not expect- ing comfort. INCONSOL'ABLE, not to be con- soled. SOL' ACE, alleviation ; comfort. 148 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 496. Solus, alone ; only. SOLE, single; only. IDESOLA'TION, destitution; ruin. SOL'ITARY, living alone. j SOLIL'OQUY, (270), a speech to SOL'ITUDE, a state of being) one's self alone. alone ; a lonely place, [less. ' SO'LO, a passage of music for a DES'OLATE, laid waste; cheer-: single instrument or voice. 497. SoTvo, (solu'tum), to loose. SOLVE, to explain. \ ABSOLVE', to clear; to acquit of SOLU'TION, the process of dis-| a crime, solving; explanation. SOL'UBLE, capable of being dis- solved. SOL'VENCY. ability to pay. SOL'VENT, a fluid which dis- solves a substance. RESOLVE', to determine. 498. Som'nus, sleep. SOMNAM'BULIST, (8), one who SOMNIF'IC, causing sleep, walks in sleep SOM'NOLENCY, drowsiness. 499. So'nus, a sound. SOUND, a noise. I CON'SONANT, a. consistent. SONO'ROUS, giving sound. i DIS'SONANCE, discord. CON'SONANT, s. a letter that can RESOUND', to send back sound. be sounded only in connection UNISON, agreement of sound. with a vowel I RES'ONANT~, resounding. 500. So'por, drowsiness ; lethargy. SoPORip'ic,(152), causing sleep. ' SOPORIF'EROUS, (167), inducing AB'SOLUTE, complete, uncondi- tional, [sion. ABSOLUTION, acquittal; remis- DIS'SOLUTE, loose in morals. DISSOLVE', to melt ; to break up. 501. Sors, (sor'tis), a lot; chance; a share. ASSORT', to separate into classes. CON'SORT, s. a companion; a wife or husband. CONSORT', v. to associate. RESORT', to betake ; to repair. SORT, a kind. SORT'ILEGE, the drawing of lots. SORTI'TION, selection by lot. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 502. iSpar'go, (spar'surn), to strew; to scatter. 149 SPARSE, thinly scattered. | DISPERSE', to scatter; to dissi- ASPERSE', to bespatter with calumny. ASPER'SION, calumny. pate. INTERSPERSE', to scatter be* tween. 503. Spa' t turn, space. SPACE, room; extension. EXPA'TIATE, to move at large ; SPA'CIOUS, roomy ; extensive. to enlarge in discourse. 504. Spe'cio, (spec 1 tuni] , to look; to see. RESPECTIVE, particular. RE'TROSPECT, a looking back on things past. SPE'CIAL, ESPE'CIAL, particu- lar; uncommon. SPE'CIES, a sort or kind. SPE'CIE, coin. SPECIF'IC, designating the pecu- liar properties. SPEC'IFY, to mention particu- lars. SPEC'IMEN, a sample. SPE'CIOUS, apparently right ; having a fair or plausible ap- pearance. SPEO'TACLE, a sight ; a show. SPEC'TACLES, glasses to assist the sight. PROS'PECT, view of objects 'SPECTA'TOR, one who looks within the reach of the eye. ! on. PROSPECTIVE, regarding the JSPEC'TRE, an apparition. future. SPEC'ULATE, to contemplate ; AS'PECT, appearance; view. CIR'CUMSPECT, watchful; cau- tious. CONSPIC'UOUS, easily seen; pro- minent. DESPISE', to look down upon; to abhor. DES'PICABLE, worthy of con- tempt. EXPECT', to look or wait for. INSPECT', to look on or into ; to examine. PERSPECTIVE,* appearance re- T on a plane surface. ERSPICAC'ITY, acuteness of dis- cernment. PERSPICU'ITY, clearness; free- dom from obscurity. RESPECT', regard. RESPECT'ABLE,worthy of regard. to theorize. SUSPECT', to mistrust. * Primary signification, a glass through which objects are viewed. 505. Spe'ro, to hope. DESPAIR', hopelessness. DES'PERATE, without hope ; reckless. PROS'PER, to be successful. PROSPERITY, successful pro- gress, [ful. DESPERA'DO, a desperate fellow. PROS'PEROUS, thriving; success- 150 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 506. Spi'ro, to breathe. SPIR'IT, an immaterial, intelli-j INSPIRE', to breathe into; to in- cent beinsr; courage. fuse into the mind. SPIRITUAL, immaterial; mental. INSPIRA'TION, a drawing in of SPIR'ACLE, a breathing hole. the breath; a supernatural in- ASPIRE', to aim at something fusion of ideas ioto the mind, elevated. j INSPIR'IT, to animate; to enliven. ASPI'RANT, one who aspires. j PERSPIRE', to send out moisture ASPIRA'TION, a breathing after, j from the skin.- AS'PIRATE. to pronounce with a: RESPIRE', to breathe; to catch breathing, as the h in horse. breai!^ CONSPIRE', to agree together. " j TRANSPIRE', to pans oiit in va- CONSPIR'ACY, a plot; treason, j. per; -to .escape from secrecy. EXPIRE', to breathe out; to SUSPIRA'TION, a sigh; a deep die. breath. 507. Splen'deo, to shine. SPLEN'DID, shining; magnifi- SPLEN'DOR, brilliancy; elegance, cent; showy. RESPLEN'DENT, very bright. AS**' ^~V 508. Spon'deo, (spon'sum'), to promised SPON'SOR, one who promises for DESPOND', to be cast down; to another. lose courage. SPON'SAL, relating to marriage, i RESPOND', to answer. SPOUSE, a husband or wife. I RESPONSE', a reply. ESPOUSE', to marry; to take to RESPONSIBLE, accountable; nn- one's self. swerable. CORRESPOND', to answer; to be IRRESPONSIBLE, not t liable or congruous; to communicate! able to answer for cocse- by letters. quences. 509. SlePla, a star. CONSTELLA'TION, a cluster of STEL'LAR, starry; pertaining to fixed stars. stars. 510. Ster'no, (stra'luni), to spread; to strew. STRA'TUM, (pi. stra'ta), a layer, ' CONSTERNA'TION, great surprise ;is of earth. and terror. STRAT'IFIED, placed in strata. I PROS'TRATE, lying flat. SUBSTRA'TUM, a lower layer. [ PROSTRA'TION, loss of vigor. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 511. StiPla, a drop. 151 INSTIL', to pour in gradually ; ; DISTILLA'TION, the act of dis- to teach slowly. tilling 1 . DISTIL', to fall by drops ; to DISTILL'ERY, a place where dis- extract by heat and evapora-j tilling is carried on. tion. | STILL, a vessel for distillation. 5I2..Sti'po, (stipa'tum), to fill up; to stuff. CON'STIPATE, to stop, by. filling j CONSTITUTION, fulness and a passage. COS'TIVE, constipated. " ^ j . . obstruction of the intestinal canal. 513. Stirps, (stir' pis}, a root or stock. EXTIR'PATE, to root out. j EXTIRPA'TION, eradication ; I total destruction. 514. Strin'go, (sti'ic'tuni), to bind. STRICT, rigorously nice; exact; severe. STRICT'URE, a contraction; cri- tical censure. ASTRIN'GENT, binding ; con- tracting. CONSTRAIN', to compel. CONSTRAINT', confinement. CONSTRIC'TION, a contraction. CONSTRICT'OR, that which binds. DISTRAIN', to seize; to lay hold on. DIS'TRICT, circuit of authority. RESTRAIN', to withhold ; to re- press. RESTRICT', to limit ; to confine. RESTRICTION, limitation STRAIGHT, not crooked. STRAIT, narrow; compressed. STRAIN, to extend with force. 515. Stru'o, (struc'tum), to build; to construct. STRUCT'URE, an edifice ; a build- OBSTRUCT', to hinder; to block ing. up. CONSTRUCT', to form ; to build. | DEOB'STRUENT, removing ob- CONSTRUCT'IVE, not directly ex- ! structions. pressed, but inferred. CON'STRUE, to interpret; to ex- plain. [by precept. INSTRUCT', to teach, to inform INSTRUMENT, a tool; means employed. DESTROY', to lay waste, to put an end to DESTRUCTION, waste; ruin. SUPERSTRUCTURE, an erection upon something else. 152 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 516. Sua'deo, (sua'sum), to advise. PERSUADE', to bring over to an opinion. suade. DISSUADE', to exhort or advise against any proposed course. DISSUA'SIVE, tending to dis- SUA'SION, the act of persuad- ing. 517. Sua'vis, sweet; pleasant. SUAV'ITY, softness; agreeable- j INSUAV'ITY, unpleasantness, ness. 518. Su'do, (suda'lum'), to sweat. EXSUDE' or EXUDE', to flow out| SU'DATORY, a sweating-bath. in the manner of sweat. SUDORIF'IC, exciting perspira- SUDA'TION, a sweating. j tion. 519. Su'i, of one's self. SU'ICIDE, (41), self-murder. SUICI'DAL, destructive to one's self. 520. Sum, I am; Es'se* to be; Ens, (en'tis), being; Futu'rus, about to be. EN'TITY, a real being. j FU'TURE, to be hereafter. NONEN'TITY, non-existence. j FUTU'RITY, time to come. ES'SENCE, the peculiar nature j AB'SENT, not present. or quality of anything. PRES'ENT, at hand; near; before ESSEN'TIAL, necessary to the ex- the face. istenceof a thing; pertaining; REPRESENT', to exhibit; to de- to elementary or constituent! scribe. principles, J!N'TEREST, concern; advantage. * Es'se, is the present infinitive of the verb Sum, Ens the present participle, and Futu'rus the future participle. 521. Su'mOy (sump 1 turn) , to take. ASSUME', to take ; to claim. | PRESUMP'TION, confidence ; ar- ASSUMP'TIOX, a taking; a sup- rogance; strong probability. position. RESUME', to take back; to begin CONSUME', to waste; to destroy. again. CONSUMPTION, waste; a disease. SUMP'TUARY, (Lat. sump'tus, PRESUME', to suppose; to ven- expense), relating to expense. ture. SUMP'TUOUS, expensive. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 522. Su'per, above; over. 153 SUPE'RIOR, higher in place or excellence. SUPER'LATIVE, highest in de- gree ; most eminent. SUPERB', grand ; splendid. Su'PERABLE, (Lat. su'pero, to overcome), that may be over- INSU'PERABLE, not to be over- come or surmounted. SUPERCIL'IOUS, Lat. supercil'- inm, the brow), haughty; overbearing. SUPREME', highest in authority; greatest. SUPREM'ACY, highest power. 523. Sur'go, (surrec'lum), to rise. INSUR'GENT, rising in opposition to the government. INSURRECTION, a rising in re- bellion. RESURREC'TION, a rising again. SURGE, a billow; a rolling swell of water. SURGE'LESS, smooth; calm. 524. Taler'na, a shed; a shop. TAB'ERNACLE, a temporary habi- TAV'ERN, an inn; a drinking tation. place. 525. Ta'ceo, (tac'itum~), to be silent. TAC'IT, silent: implied but not TAC'ITURN, habitually silent; expressed. not free to converse. 526. Tan'go, (tad turn), to touch. TAN'GENT, a line touching a curve. TAN'GIBLE, that can be touched or taken hold of. TACT, peculiar skill, faculty or aptness. CONTA'GION, communication of disease from body to body. CON'TACT, touch; close union. CONTIGUOUS, touching ; having no intervening space. CONTIGU'ITY, contact. TACTIL'ITY, perceptibility by CONTINGENT, accidental; de- the touch. pending on an uncertainty. 527. Te'yo, (tec'tum^), to cover. TEG'UMENT, INTEG'UMENT, a | DETECT', to discover in spite of covering. concealment. TEG'ULAR, (Lat. te- rally, one who speaks from the stomach or belly. 574. Vcn'tus, the wind. VENT, an air-hole. VEN'TILATE, to afford free cir- VEN'TIDUCT, a passage for air. culation of air. 575. Vcr'bum, a word. AD'VERB,* a part of speech. PROV'ERB, a maxim ; a brief saying. VERBA'TIM, (Latin), word for word. VERB'AL, spoken; expressed in words. VERB, a part of speech. VERBOSE', full of words. VERB'IAOE, superabundance of words. * Literally, a word joined to another word. 576. Ve'reor, to fear. REVERE', to regard with fearjREVEREN'TiAL, feeling or ex- and respect. pressing reverence. REV'KRKNT, impressed with REV'EREND, worthy of reve- reverence. rence; a clerical title. 164 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 577. Ver'go, to turn or tend towards. VERGE, to tend ; to incline. I DIVERGE', to separate or recede CONVERGE', to tend to one point. | more and more. 578. Ver'mj.s, a worm, composition VERMICEL'LI, a used in cookery. VERMIC'ULAR, pertaining to or resembling a worm or the motion of a worm. YER'MIFUGE, (197), a medicine which destroys worms in ani- mal bodies. VERM'IN, noxious animals, in- sects, &c. ward. INVERT', to turn into the con- trary position. IN VERSE' LY, in an inverted order. 579. Ver'to, (ver'sum), to turn. ADVERT', to turn the attention to. j INTROVER'SION, a turning in- INADVERT'ENCE, heedlessness. AD'VERSE, opposed; hostUe. ADVERS'ITY, calamity; affliction. AD'VERSARY, an enemy. ADVERTISE', to publish a notice. MALVERSATION, (Lat. ver'so, to ANIMADVER'SION, (13), a criti- ! conduct), evil conduct. cism ; a censure. PERVERT', to turn to a wrong AVERT', to turn away. use. AVER'SION, disinclination; dis- j PERVERSE', obstinately wrong. like. ! PERVER'SION, a wrong use or CON'TROVERT, to oppose in interpretation. argument. CONTROVERSY, disputation. CONVERT', to change from one state to another. CONVERSE', to diseourse or asso- REVERT', to turn back. REVERSE', to change to an op- posite direction. SUBVERT', to overthrow from the foundation. SUBVERSIVE, tending to over- throw. ciate with. CON'VERSE, familiar intercourse; J an opposite proposition. I TRANSVERSE', lying across. DIVERT', to turn off; to amuse. (TRAV'ERSE, to cross; to pass DrVTcn'siOW, amusement. over. VERS'ATILE, easily turned from one employment to another. DI'VERSE, different ; various. DIVERS'ITY, difference. DIVERS'IFY, (152), to vary. DIVORCE', a legal dissolution of the bonds of matrimony. VERSE,* a line of poetry; short division of any compo- sition. * A furrow was anciently called ver'sus, because at the end of it the plough was turned round ; hence, a line in writing, from its resemblance to a furrow, received the same nanio. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 165 VER'SION,* a translation. VERT'EBRA, (plural vertebrae), a joint of the spine. VERT'EBRAL, having vertebrae. VER'TEX,f the top. VERT'ICAL, over head. VERT'IGO, giddiness. VOR'TEX, a whirlpool. * Literally, a turning from one language into another. | The turning point. 580. Ve'rus, true. VER'ITY, truth. VERAC'ITY, habitual observance of truth. VERA'CIOUS, observant of truth. VER'DICT, (117), the report of a VER'IFY, (152), to prove to be true. VERISIMILITUDE, (488), the appearance of truth. VER'ITABLE, true; genuine. i VER'ILY, truly. 581. Vestiy'ium, a foot-step. VES'TIGE, a track ; a trace. | INVESTIGATE, to search into. 582. Ves'tis, a garment. INVEST', to clothe. | VEST'URE, a robe. VEST, to put in possession of. VEST'RY, a room in which the VEST'MENT, a garment. sacerdotal vestments are kept. 583. Ve'tus, (vet'eris), old ; ancient. VET'ERAN, an old soldier. INVET'ERATE, fixed by long con- tinuance. 584. Vi'a, a way. DE'VIATE, to turn aside from the path. DF/VIOUS, wandering. OB'VIATE,| to remove. OB'VIOUS, evident. PER'VIOUS,|| penetrable. IMPER'VIOUS, not to be pene- trated or passed through. PRE'VIOUS, antecedent. TRIV'IAL,^" unimportant. VI'ADUCT, (133), a structure supporting a carriageway or railway, J Properly, to meet in the way and oppose or conquer ; hence to put out of the way an obstacle. $ Meeting one in the way. |i Admitting a way or passage through. ^ The Romans worshipped some of their minor deities at places where three roads met ; which deities were thence called Di'i Triv'ii. Thus the word trivial derived the signification secondary, unimportant. 166 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 585. Vi'cis, change; succession. VI'CAR, a substitute. VICA'RIOUS, acting for another. VICEGE'RENT, (203), a deputy. VICE-PRES'IDENT, one . who takes the place of the presi^ dent. 586. Vid'eo, (yfsuni), to see. Vis'ioV, sight. VIS'IBLE, that can be seen. VIS'IONARY, imaginary. VIS'IT, to go to see. VIS'UAL, pertaining to sight. VI'SOR, a mask. VIS'AGE, the countenance. VIS'TA, a view or prospect. VIEW, (Fr. vuc~), to look at VI'DE, (Latin), see. EV'IDENT, apparent; clear. INVISIBLE, not to be seen. PROVIDE',* to prepare. PROV'IDENCE, forethought; pru- dence. PROVIS'ION, that which is pro- cured or prepared beforehand. PROVI'SO, an exception provided for. PRU'DEXT, cautious ; wise. PURVEY'OR, a provider. REVISE', to examine again. SUPERVISION, oversight. SURVEY', to look over carefully. * Literally, to look out beforehand. 587. Vtfyeo, to flourish; to thrive. VIG'OR, strength; energy. | INVIG'ORATE, to strengthen. 588. Tin' co, (vie' turn), to conquer. CONVINCE', to persuade. CONVIC'TION, the state of being convinced; belief. CONVICT', to prove one to be guilty. PROV'INCE, a country subject to a foreign power ; a district or division of a country. VAN'QUISH, to conquer. VIC'TOR, a conqueror. CON'VICT, a person found, VIC'TORY, success over an ene- guilty. EVINCE', to make evident. INVIN'CIBLE, unconquerable. my. VIC'TIM, a living being sacri- ficed. 589. Vindex, (vin'dicis), a defender or avenger. VIN'DICATE, to defend ; to sus- tain. VINDIC'TIVE, revengeful. REVENGE', to return an injury. VEN'GEANCE, recompense of evil. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN. 590. Vi'nurn, wine. 167 VINE, the plant which produces ; VI'NOUS, having the qualitiea grapes. of wine. YIN'EGAR, vegetable acid. VINE'YARD, a plantation of grape-vines. VINT'AGE, the gathering of the crop of grapes. 591. Vir, a man. VI'RILE, masculine. VIRA'GO, a bold woman. iVm'TUE, (Lat. ciency; excellence. effi. 592. Vi'rus, poison; venom. VIR'ULENCE, malignancy. VIR'ULENT, malignant; venom- ous. 593. Vi'to, to shun; to avoid. INEVITABLE, unavoidable. | INEV'ITABLY, certainly. 594. Vi'trum, glass. VIT'REOUS, resembling glass. | VIT'RIFY, to convert into glass. 595. Vi'vo, (vic'tum), to live. CONVIV'IAL, festal; social. REVIVE', to live again; to arouse. SURVIVE', to outlive. VI'AND, an article of food. VICT'UALS, food; provisions. VI'TAL, (Lat. vi'ta, life), per- taining to life. VIVAC'ITY, liveliness. VIV'ID, lively; bright. [life. VIV'IFY, (152), to endue with 596. Vo'co, (voca'tum), to call. AD'VOCATE, a pleader. I PROVOCA'TION, a calling out; an AVOCA'TION, a calling or em-i incitement. ^Moyment. I REVOKE', to call back ; to repeal. CONVOCATION, an assembly. ! IRREVOCABLE, that cannot be EQUIV'OCAL, ambiguous. EQUIV'OCATE, to use ambiguous expressions. EVOCA'TION, a calling forth. INVOCA'TION, a solemn address or prayer. repealed. VOCAL, (Lat. vox, (vo'cis), the voice), pertaining to the voice. VO'CABLE, a word. VOCAB'ULARY, a list of words. VOCA'TION, a business or pro- fession. 168 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. VOC'ATIVE, (in grammar), the VOICE, sound uttered by the case of address. mouth. VOCIF'ERATE, (167), to cry out VOUCH, to attest; to affirm, loudly. I VOW'EL, a simple sound. 597. Vo'lo, (vola'tum}, to fly. VOI/ATILE, easily evaporated; gay; fickle. VOL'ATILIZE, to cause to pass in vapor. VOL'LEY, a flight of shot ; a burst or emission of many things at once. VOL'LEYED, discharged. 598. Volo, to will ; to wish. BENEV'OLENCE, (38), good will. MALEV'OLENCE, (279), ill will. VOLI'TION, the act or power of willing. Voi/UNTARY,actingfrom choice. VOLUNTEER', s. a voluntary sol- dier. VOLUNTEER', v. to offer or be- stow voluntarily. 599. Volup'tas, pleasure. VOLUP'TUOUS, given to luxury VOLUP'TUARY, a person devoted and pleasure. to pleasure. COO. Vol'vo, (volu'tum*), to roll. CON'VOLUTE, rolled together. DEVOLVE', literally, to roll down; to deliver over. EVOLVE', to unroll ; to unfold. INVOLVE', to envelop; to infold. REVOLT', to renounce allegiance. REVOLVE', to roll in a circle. REVOLUTION, rotation; an en- tire change. VOL'UBLE, rolling; fluent. VOL'UME, primarily, a roll ; a book. 601. Vo'ro, to devour. DEVOUR', to eat up greedily. VORAC'ITY, greediness of appe- tite, flesh. 602. Vo'veo, (vo'turti), to vow. VORA'CIQUS, ravenous. CARNIV'OROUS, (50),feeding.on Avow', to declare openly. DEVOTE', to dedicate; to set apart. [devoted. DEVOTEE', one who is wholly DEVOUT', earnest in worship. VO'TARY, one devoted or ad- dicted. VOTE, (Lat. vo'tum, a wish), suffrage ; a ballot. VO'TIVE, given by vow. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 169 603. Vul'gus, the common people. DIVULGE', to make public. VUL'GAR, common; unrefined. VUL'GARISM, a vulgar phrase or expression. VULGAR'ITY, grossness or clown- ishness. VUL'GATE,* an ancient Latin version of the Bible. * So called from its extensive use in the Latin church. 604. Vul'nus, (yul'neris), a wound. VULNERABLE, that may be I INVUL'NERABLE, that cannot be wounded. wounded. CHAPTER III. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. Greek Alphabet. Letter. Sound. Name. A a ." . . . a Alpha. It iM . . . . b Beta. r Y .... g Gamma. 4 S .... d Delta. E e .... e as in met . . Epsilon. Z C . . ; . z Zeta. II 1) .... e as in me Eta. 9 0$ . . . . th Theta. / i Iota. K A /I .... k 1 Kappa. Lambda. M UL . . . . m ..... Mu. N v .... n Nu. S $ . x Xi. o .... o as in not micron. u 77 Gf . p Pi. p p . . . . r Rho. 2 ff, s final s Sigma. T T t Tau. Y U .... uory . . . . Upsilon. * taught philosophy. ACAD'EMY, a high school. ACADEM'IC, belonging to a school or college. 2. Ach'os, (??), pain. ACHE, to suffer pain. | ACH'ING, painful. 3. Ak'me, (d*//^), the summit. 4. AJcou'o, (dxoww), to hear. ACOUS'TICS, the science of OTACOUS'TIC, (Gr. wra, the sounds. I ears), fitted to aid the hearing. 5. Attron, (axpov~), the extremity. ACROP'OLIS, (187), the height j ACROS'TIC, (208), a kind of or citadel. | poetical composition. tip 6. Adel'phos, (d&vtyoc), a brother. This word is used in forming botanical terms. 7. A'er, (ij/>), the air. AE'RIAL, consisting of air. j AEROSTA'TION, (204), aerial A'EROLITE, (127), a meteoric] navigation. stone. j AEROI/OGY, that branch of phi- A'EHOXAUT, (145), one who: losophy which treats of the sails in the air. | air. ^-. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 171 8. A' (jo, (V the first letter in the Greek alphabet. AL'PHABET, (34), a list of the letters of a language. ALPHABETICAL, pertaining to the alphabet. 13. An'emos, (ave/zoc), the wind. ANEMOM'ETER, (137), a wind- gauge. ANEM'ONE, the wind-flower. 14. An'er, (avTjjO, a'v(5/?oc), a roan. AN'DROID, (122), a machine in human form. ANDROPH'AGUS, (170), a man- eater. 15. Anggel'lo, (dyylttw*'), to bring tidings. AN'GEL, a spirit; a spiritual EVAN'GELIST, (89), a preacher me.ssencer. of the gospel. The first yamma has the souud of ny when the letter is doubled. 16. An'thos, (v0o), to baptize. BAP'TISM, a Christian sacra- ment, [tism. BAPTIS'MAL, pertaining to bap- PE'DOBAPTIST, (Gr. xais, a child), one who holds to infant baptism. 32. Ba'sis, (/3d a book. BI'BLE, the Holy Scriptures. BIB'LICAL, pertaining to the BIBLIOG'RAPHY, (99), a history or description of books. Bible. 36. Bi'os, 0%?), life. AMPHIB'IOUS,* having the BIOG'RAPHY, (99), the history power of living in two elements. of a person's life. * Literally, having double life. 37. Bot'ane, (/3ora'viy), an herb or plant. BOT'ANY, the science of vege- 1 BOT'ANIST, one skilled in bot- tables. any. 38. Bou'colos, (/Souxoylo?), a herdsman. BUCOL'IC, a. pastoral. | BUCOL'IC, s. a pastoral poem. 39. Ka'kos, (xaxo?), bad. CACHEX'Y, (G-r. ?cc, condition), I CACOPH'ONY, (176), harshness a deranged state of the body. | of sound. 40. Kalup'to, (xa/urrw), to cover; to veil. APOC'ALYPSE, ^gvelation. I APOCALYP'TIC, pertaining to a * I revelation. 41. Kan'on, (xavaj;/), a rule. CAN'ONIZE, to declare one a -saint. CAN'ON, a rule or law; a cata- logue of saints. 42. Kai'o, (xaiu), xatjffw'), to burn. CAUS'TIO, burning; corroding. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 175 43. Kar'dia, (xapoia), the heart. CAR'DIAC, pertaining to the PERICAR'DIUM, a membrane heart. enclosing the heart. 4 44. Ken'tron, (x&rpov*), a central point. CEN'TRE, the middle point. j CENTRIF'UGAL. (197), tending CONCEN'TRATE, to bring toge- 1 from the centre. ther; to bring into a smaller j ECCEN'TRIC, deviating from the compass. centre; irregular; anoma- I lous. 45. Keph'alc, (xe^o^), the head. CEPHAL'IC, pertaining to the! HYDROCEPH'ALUS, (119), drop- head. I sy of the head. 46. Ke'ras, (xpa$') ) a horn. MOXOC'EROS, (141), an animal having but one horn. RHINOC'EROS, (Gr. /Hs/, the nose), an animal having a horn upon the nose. 47. Chaos, (/a'o?), a chasm or abyss. CHA'OS, confusion ; disorder. | CHAOT'IC, without order. 48. Charts, (%dpt<;, y/ipiros}, favor; grace. CHAR'ITY, kindness; good will. EU'CIIARIST, (89), the Lord's supper. 49. Cheir, (%s}p), the hand. CHIROG'RAPHY, (99), hand- i CHIRUR'GEON, (83), a surgeon, writing. 50 Chole, (-/oAr^, bile ; anger. CHOI/ERA, a disease. CHOL'ER, anger; wrath. CHOI/ERIC, irascible. | tion. * Gr. n&as, black ; literally, black bile. 12 COL'IC, pain in the bowels. MEL'ANCHOLY,* gloom; dejec- 176 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 51. Chorco, (%wpiio), to go. AN'CHORET, or AN'CHORITE, a society to avoid the tempta- hermitj one who retires from[ tionsjplthe world. ty to jplt 52. Chriiitos, (XpterozJbe Anointed. CHRIST, the Messiah. |CHRIST'MAS, a Christian festi- CHRISTIAN'ITY, the religion of val. Christ. CHRISM, consecrated oil. 53. Chroma, (%pa>/j.a) color. CHROMAT'ICS, the science of ACHROMAT'IC, destitute of color. colors. 54. Chron'os, (ypuvot;'), time. CHRON'IC, of long duration. CHRON'ICLE, a record or his- tory. CHRO.\oi/OGY,(128), the science CHRONOM'ETER, (137), a time- piece. ANACH'RONiSM,an error in dates. IsocH'RONOUS,(123), performed of time or eras. in equal times. 55. Chru'sos, (ypuaoq), gold. CHRYS'ALIS, the caterpillar in j CHRYS'OLITE, a mineral of a its dormant state.* I yellowish color. * TheMiame is derived from the golden color. 56. Konche, (xt>YX T i)i\ a shell- CONCH, a marine shell. 1 CONCHOL'OGY, (158), the sci- CONCHOID'AL, (122), shaped ence of shells. like a shell. I ^ f Gamma here has th^ound of ng. 57. Kop'tO, (*07TTw), tO CUt. APOC'OPATE, to cut offfrom thelSYN'coPATE, to remove letters end of a word. from the middle of a word. 58. AWmos, (wkr/ioy), the world. COSMOG'OXY, (94), an account of the origin or creation of the world. COSMOP'OLITE, (187), a citizen of the world. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 177 MIC'ROCOSM, (138), a little; signed to beautify the corn- world, plexion.* COSMET'IC, a preparation de-l * A primary signification of the word *&>/>{, is order ; beautiful arrange, nient. 59. Kra'nion, (xpavio>y, the skull. CRA'XIUM, the skull. PERICRA'NIUM, (Gr. 7^, around), the membrane which covers the skull. CRANIOL'OGY, the science of skulls. CRANIOS'COPY, (197), the exa- mination of the skull. 60. Kra'tos, (xpdTotf), might; power. The terminations cracy, cratic, Ac., are from this word. See 21. 61. Kri'tes, (x/KT^?), a judge. CRIT'IC, a judge in literature or j HYPERCRiT'iCAL,critical beyond art. [ing. | reason. CRITE'RIOX, a standard of judg- 1 CRI'SIS, the deciding point. 62. Krup'to, (xpu-rio), to conceal. APOC'RYPHAL, of doubtful ori- j CRYPTOG'AMY, (91), concealed gin. I union. 63. Kuk'los, (xyx^.oc), a circle. CY'CLE, a period of time. I CYCLOPE'DIA, ENCYCLOPE'UIA, CVcLOiD, (122), a curve. | (163), the circle of sciences. 64. Ku'on, (xuwv}, a dog. CYx'iCAL,f surly; austere. | CYN'OSURE,]; a constellation. f The Cynics were philosophers who valued themselves on their contempt of riches and amusements, and laughed at the errors and follies of mankind. J Literally, the dojj's tail. That which attracts general notice, is some- times culled, figuratively, a c-jr.oture. 65. Kits' t is, (xwffrt?), a bladder ; a bag. CYST, a bag ; a vesicle. | ENCYST'ED, enclosed in a bag. 66. Dek'a, (<5o?), the people. DEM'AGOGUE, (8), a popular ; DEM'OCRAT, one who favors leader. democracy. PEMOC'RACY,' (60), a popular EPIDEM'IC, (I-}, upon), a pre- government. | vailing disease. 68. Dcspo'tes, ((Jsff-onj?), a master or lord. DES'POT, a monarch; a tyrant j |DES' POTISM, unlimited mon- an absolute ruler. I archy. 69. Diflas'ko, (o'.ddffzat'), to teach. DIDAC'TIC, adapted to teach; preceptive. DIDAC'TICALLY, in a didatic 70. Dox'a, (doZa), an opinion. HET'ERODOX, (111), holding PAR' ADOX, a proposition seem- erroneous opinions. i^ly absurd. OR'THODOX, (160), correct in DOXOL'OGY,* (1-8), an ascrip- opiriion. I tion of praise. * The word &c), an inseparable particle, denoting difficulty, pain, &c. DYS'ENTERY, (Gr. iVoa, the bowels), a disease of the bowels. [speaking. DYSPEP'SY. (Gr. x6tz. diges- tion), difficulty of digestion. DYSPXCE'A, (Gr. ->>, to DYS'PHONT, (176), difficulty of ; breathe), difficult breathing. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 179 75. Otkos, (o:xo?), a house. DI'OCESE,* the jurisdiction of a PAR'ISH,| an ecclesiastical dis- bishop. EcoN'oMY,f a system of manage- ment; frugality. tnct. PARO'CHIAL, pertaining to a parish. 55 From cioUrtaif, which signifies, primarily, the management of a household. f Sometimes written ceconomy. The Greek diphthong ot is usually repre- sented in English by a> or e. OiKOvopia is compounded of o^xo; and vfyoj, (149), a rcy illation or rule ; and therefore signifies the regulation of a house, of family. Economy is the corresponding English word. \ From Trapourqo-iy, which signifies the state of dwelling near ; a neighbor* hood. 76. Hed'ra, (?8pa), a seat. CATHE'DRAL, (Gr. xaOldpa), the | SAN'HEDRIM, (Gr. ffw8pto<,\ see or seat of a bishop; the) the chief council of the Jews, principal church in a diocese. TETRAHE'DRON, (213), a solid having four faces or sides. 77. Hege'sis, (rfaffts), a leading ; an explanation. EXEGE'SIS, (^l^frtT), exposi- EXEGET'ICAL, pertaining to exe- tion. gess. 78. E'meo, (//c'o>), to vomit. EMET'IC, a medicine that causes; EM'ETIN, a substance obtained vomiting. | from the ipecacuana. 79. En'tera, (k'vrspa), the bowels. *. DYS'ENTERY, (74), a disease of MES'ENTERY, (Gr. itlffoq, mid- the bowels. [intestines, j die), a membrane supporting ENTERI'TIS, inflammation of the the intestines. 80. Eii'lomox, (ivr^o?), cut into. See 217. ENTOMOL'OGY, (128), the sci- j ENTOMOL'OGIST, one versed in ence which treats of insects. j the science of insects. The words innec'tum in Latin and CITO/IOI/ in Greek correspond to each other precisely. The former is compounded of in, into, and se'co, to cut; and the latter of tv and rifivai, which have the same significations as the Latin words above mentioned. The names were undoubtedly suggested by the form which many insects have, i. e., the appearance of being almost cut in two. 180 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 81. Ep'os, (roc), a speech; a poem. EP'IC, containing narration of OR'THOEPY, (160), correct pro- an elevated character. nunciation. 82. JEr'emos, (ipfjfj.os'), lonely. ER'EMITE, one who lives in alHER'MiT, (same signification), wilderness. 83. E/ffon, (epYov), a work. EN'ERGY, (ivipyeta), vigor of operation. LIT'URGY, (Gr. hry, prayer), a formulary of public prayer. METALLURGY, (Gr. titraMav, a metal), the art of working metals and obtaining them from the ore. 84. Es'o, (eVw), within. ESOT'ERY, (little used), mystery. | ESOTER'IC, private; secret. 85. Ai'lher, (fl : %>), the air. E'THER, a light fluid. | ETHE'REAL, immaterial ; subtile. 86. Eth'os, (?^oc), a custom. ETH'ICS, the science of morals; I ETH'ICAL, relating to morals or moral philosophy. duty. 87. Eth'nos, (e'0jrra or /v.cSrrffa), the tongue ; language. GLOT'TIS and EPIGLOT'TIS, parts of the throat, lying near the root of the tongue. 96. Glu'pho, (f>lu^>), to carve or engrave. GLYPH, a kind of ornament in HI'EROGLYPH, (114), a mystical sculpture. character or symbol. POL'YGLOT, (188), in many lan- guages. GLOSS' ARY, a limited dictionary. 182 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 97. Gno'mr, (pco/zij), reason ; judgment. Gno'sis, knowlede. DIAGNO'SIS, judgment respect- ing the character of a disease. IG'NORANT, destitute of know- ledge. GXOS'TICS, an ancient sect of philosophers. PHYSIOG'XOM Y, ( 1 80), the art of discerning the character of the mind from the countenance. PROGNOS'TIC, a sign by which a future event mav be known. may 98. Go'nia, (fiu'sta), an angle or corner. DIAG'ONAL, passing through the opposite angles. GOMOM'ETER, (137), an instru- ment for measuring angles. POL'YGOX, (188), a figure hav- ing many angles. TRIGONOM'ETRY, (137), the measuring of triangles. 99. Graph'o, (ypdiput'), to write : Gramma, (ypd/j.[j.a), a writing. AN'AGRAM, a transposition of GRAPH'ITE, a substance used the letters of a word. for pencils. ATJ'TOGRAPH, (see 29). | PAR'AGRAPH, a distinct part of DI'AGRAM, a delineation; a fig-! a composition. PARALLEL'OGRAM, a figure whose opposite sides are par- ure. EP'IGRAM, a short, pointed poem. allel. GRAM'MAR, the science which STEXOG'RAPHY,* (206), short- treats of the laws of lan-| hand. guage. TELE'GRAPH, (Gr. -?7/b, afar), a GRAPH'IC, well delineated ; giv- ! machine for communicating ing vivid description. intelligence by signals. * The termination graphy, which is found in a large class of words, denotes a writing or treatise. 100. Gum'nos. (JU/JLVO^, naked. GYMNA'SIUM,| a place for ath- 1 GYMNAS'TIC, belonging to a letic exercises. gymnasium. f In the ancient games the combatants were naked, or nearly so, and hence their exercise was called ye/iuwfa. 101. Gu'ne, (^yviy),J a woman. GYN'ARCHY, (18), government : GYN^OC'RACY, (60), govern- by a female. ment over which a woman X. relating to women. may preside. J The word ywrj enters into a number of botanical terms. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 183 102. Gu'ros, (jD/>oc), a circle. GYRA'TION, a whirling round. | GY'RAL, whirling. 103. Ilel'domos, (e/Wo/w?), the seventh. HEB'DOMAD, (obsolete), a week. | HEBDOM'ADAL, weekly. 104. Hck'aton, (&OTOV), a hundred. HEC'ATOMB, (Gr. /9oy"Xwf enters into various astronomical terms. 106. EeHen, ("EUr^, a Greek. HELLEN'IC, pertaining Greece. HEL'LENIST, one skilled in the Greek language. 107. Hai'ma, (a?/to), blood. HEM'ORRHAGE, (195), a flow of j HEM'ORRHOIDS, bleeding tu- blood. I mors. 108. He'mera, (rj/xs/?a). a day. EPHEM'ERAL, lasting but a day. | EPHEM'ERIS, a kind of almanac. 109. ffe'mi, (^/j)> a P re fi x signifying half. HEMISPHERE, (Gr. ffyalpa, aiHEM'isTiCH, (208), half a line ball), a half sphere., in poetry. 110. fhp'ta, (c 7rrd), seven. HEP'TAGON, (98), a figure hav- : HEP'TARCHY, (18), a govern- ing seven angles. j ment by seven persons. 184 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 111. Hetfcros, (?/oo?), other; another. HET'ERODOX, (70), heretical ; j HETEROGE'NEOTJS, (94), of dif- holding erroneous sentiments. | ferent nature or kind. 112. Hex, (I,-), six. HEX'AGON, (98), a figure hav- ' HEXAM'ETER, (137), having six ing six angles. metrical feet. 113. Hi'p'pos, (F-ro?), a horse. HIPPOPOT'AMUS, (189), the i HIP'PODROME, (71), anciently, river horse. I a circus. 114. Hteros, (ispo-), sacred. HI'EBARCHY, (18), ecclesiasti- HIEROGLYPH'IC, (96), a sacred cal government. I character or symbol. 115. Hom'ilos, (ojuf/los'), an assembly or company. UOM'ILY, a discourse pronoun- j HOMILET'IC, pertaining to pulpit ced to an audience. discourse. 116. JHom'os, (J//o?), united; like. HOMOGE'NEOUS, (94), of the HOMOLOGOUS, (128), propor- same kind or nature. tionate to each other. 117. Ho'ra, (wpof), an hour. HO'RAL, relating to an hour. i HOROL'OGY, the art of making , time-pieces. 118. Hori'zo (<;/?!'!>), to fix a limit. HORI'ZON, the limit which HORIZONTAL, parallel to the bounds the sight. j horizon. 119. Uii'dor, (o8a>p), water. HY'DRA, a water serpent. HY'DRANT, a pipe for discharg- ing water. HYDRAUL'IC, (28), relating to the conveyance of water through pipes. WORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 185 HYDROSTAT'IC, (204), relating to the weight and equilibrium of fluids. DROP'SY, (Gr. udpta^, a disease. HY'DROGEN, (94), one of the elements of water. HYDROPHO'BIA, (Gr. fear), dread of water. 120. Ich'thus, 0>0y<0> a fish. ICHTHYOL'OGY, the science of ICH'THYOLITE, (127), fossil fish, fishes. 121. Id'ios, (f&o?), belonging to onej peculiar. ID'IOM, peculiarity of expression or phraseology. ID'IOT,* a fool. IDIOSYN'CRASY, (Gr. auYxpaats, constitution), peculiar liability to some form of disease. * The Greek word lSi^Trj( signifies a private individual; it was used also to signify a very ignorant pernon. 122. fdos, (e? memory. MNEMONICS, the art of memory. act of oblivion; a general AM'NESTY, (Gr. a^rjirrsia), an pardon. 141. Mon'os, (jwvof), sole; only. MON'AP, an indivisible thing. MONK, (Gr. (jua%os') > a religious recluse. MON'ACHISM, the condition of monks; a monastic life. 188 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. MONASTERY, a house of reli- gious retirement. MONAS'TIC, pertaining to the life of a monk. MOX'ARCH, (18), a sole ruler; a king. MONOPOLIZE, (186), to become the only dealer in any com- modity; to engross the whole. MONOSYL'LABLE,* a word of one syllable. MoNOT'oNY,sameness of sound; MON'OGRAM, (99), a character! want of variety. combining several letters. j * Jhe prefix mono or mon, which is found in a number of words, is from p6vo>. 142. Mor'plie, (,ue>}j), form; shape. AMORPH'OUS, of irregular shape, j METAMORPH'OSE, to transform. 143. Mu'thos, (futOus), a fable. MYTH'IC, fabulous. MYTHOL'OGY, (128), the system of fables respecting heathen deities. 144. Nar'ke, (ydpxy*), numbness; stupor. NARCO'SIS, stupefaction. INARCOT'lC, causing stupor. 145. Naus, (vats'), a ship. NAU'SEA, properly, sea-sick- 1 XAUT'ICAL, pertaining to navi- ness; disposition to vomit. gation. NAU'SEOUS, sickening; disgust- NAU'TILUS, the shell-fish which ing; loathsome. 146. Ne'os, (v assembly. 165. Pa'thos, (xddos), suffering; affection; emotion. ANTIP'ATHY, aversion. AP'ATHY, want of feeling. PATHET'IC, exciting emotion. PATHOL'OGY, the science of diseases. SYM'PATHY, fellow-feeling. 166. Pen'te, (r^vre), five. PEN'TAGON, (98), a figure hav- PEN'TATEUCH, (reD/*;?, a book), ing five angles. the five books of Moses. 167. Pep' to, (7r6rrW), to eat. ESOPH'AGUS, or (ESOPH'AGUS,* SARCOPHAGUS^ (196), a stone the gullet. coffin. * Compounded of 0101, (<."<7w), to carry, and 0iyo>, and signifying, literally, that which, carries or conducts the food to the stomach. f The word is derived from the name of a calcareous stone anciently used by the Greeks, (>.<&>,- ~), to appear; to show. DIAPH'ANOUS, transparent. : PHASE, or PHA'SIS, (pf. EM'PHASIS,! special stress upon j PHASES), an appearance, as some word or sentence. of the moon. EPIPII'ANY, the manifestation. 'PHENOMENON, (pi. PHENOM'- PHAN'TASM, PHAN'TOM, a fan- 1 ENA), an appearance ; a cied appearance. i change ; an event. J Literally, the making anything distinct or manifest. g The manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles. 172. P/iar'makon, fodp(uatov) t a drug; a medicine. PHARMACOPOEIA, (Gr. xinlw, to make), a dispensatory; a book describing the preparation of the several kinds of medicine. PHAR'MACY, the art of preparing medicine. PHARMACEUT'IC, pertaining to the art of pharmacy. 173, Phe'mi, (yrj/ju), to say or tell. BLASPHEME', to speak impi- ously. PROPH'ESY, to foretell. PROPH'ET, (Gr. TT^O^'TT;?), one who foretells. [phecy. PROPHET'IC, containing pro- 174. Phero, {), to bear or carry. DIAPHORETIC,)! causing perspi-lPERipu'ERY,** circumference. ration. jPHOSPHORUS,ff a luminous sub- MET'APHOR,^" a short similitude. | stance. [| Literally, carrying through ; i. e.. causing moisture to pass through the pores f the i-kin. \ From [ieralpw, which signifies to transfer. ** The words periphery and circumference are formed of corresponding words in the Latin and Greek. The former has a more limited siguificatiua than tha latter. ft Compounded of <&, light, and ^p^, light. PHOSPHORESCENCE, faint lumi- nousness. See 174. PHOS'PHATE, a chemical salt. PHOTOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the intensity of light 178. Phra'zo, (ypd^w), to say or relate. PHRASE, an expression or short j PAR'APIIRASE, a fuller expres- sion of the meaning of an sentence. PER'IPHRASE, ( Gr. around), circumlocution. author. PERIPHRAS'TIC, circumlocutory. 179. Phren, (_, a I PoL'iTY,f civil constitution. mother), the chief city. j POL'ITIC, prudent j sagacious. POLICE', the government of a j POL'ITICS, the science of govern- city or town. rnent. f Pul'icy is sometimes used to denote a course of political measures. 188. Po'lus, (ro^yc), much ; many. POLYANTH'OS, (16), a plant j POL' YGON, (98), a figure haviug which produces many flowers, j many angles. WUKDS DERIVED FUOM THE GREEK. 195 POL' YPTJS, (190), an insect hav- POL'YTHEISM, (216), the doc- ing many feet. trine ot a plurality of gods. NOTE. The signification of the prefix poly will be seen from the above examples, and it is therefore unnecessary to adduce more. 189. Pol'amos, (TTora/io?), a river. See 113. 190. Pons, ("<3c, rodo?), a foot. AX'TIPODE, one who lives on, and whose feet are directly the opposite side of the globe, i opposite to ours. 191. Pras'so, (xpdffffu*'), to do; Prak'tns, (-/>a*roc), done: Pray' ma.) (sywEy/wtJ, a deed. FRAC'TICE, frequent perform- ance. PRAc'llCABLEjthatmay be done. PRAGMAT'ICAL, officious; med- dling. PRAX'IS, a form to teach practice. 192. Pro'tos, (xpioros). fir s*- PRO'TOCOL,* a record or registry.) PRO'TOTYPE, (222), an original PROTiiox'OTARY,t a register or or model. clerk. PROTOX'YD, the first oxyd. * Compounded of rpcoTOj and *<5AAa, yhie. The word was originally used to denote the upper part of a leaf or writing, and was probably derived from tho practice of gluing or pasting pieces of paper or parchment together, as in forming a long sheet for an extended document; the protocol was, therefore, the first of the pasted sheets. f Literally, the chief register or clerk. 193. Psu'cke, (^'w/iy), the soul. METEMPSYCHO'SIS, the trans- j PSYCHOL'OGY, (128), a discourse migration of souls. on the human soul. 194. Pur, (rD/o), fire. EMPYR'EAL, formed of pure fire or light. [smoke. PYROLIG'NEOUS,;}; produced from PYRE, a funeral pile. PYROTECH'MCS, (212), the art of making fire-works. J Lat. liy'num, wood; pyroligneous, produced by wood and fire. 195. Rhc'o, (piw}, to flow. CATARRH', a defiuxion of mucus, il KM'ORRHAGE, (107), a flow of blood. DIARRHE'A, purging or flux. RiiEu'MATiSM,apainful disease of the limbs. So called because the ancients supposed it to arise from a defluxion of humors. 196 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 196. Sarx, (aapz, */""'-) flesh. SAR'CASM,* a satirical remark ; HYPERSARCO'SIS, the growth of a taunt. fungous or proud flesh. * Literally, a cutting or tearing of the flesh. 197. jSkep'tomai, (qxlojjLaf), to examine or consider. SKEP'TIC, one who doubts. SKEP'TICAL, doubting. SKEP'TICISM, a state or habit of doubting. 198. Schis'ma, (ff/tV/za), a splitting; a division. SCHISM, division or separation SCHISMAT'IC, promoting schism. in a church. 199. Scho'le, (?), a tomb. CEN'OTAPH, (Gr. xsvt><;, empty), i EP'ITAPH, (-}, upon), an in- a tomb or monument erected j scription on a tomb; a record to one who where. buried else- in honor of the dead. 211. Tax'is, (TGC?:?), arrangement; Tak'los, (raxro?), arranged. SYN'TAX, the construction of sentences according to estab- lished usage. TAC'TICS, the art of directing military and naval move- ments. 212. Tech'ne, (T/V>J), art ; skill. TECH'NICAL, pertaining to an art TECHNOLOGY, (128), a treatise or profession. on the arts. 213. Tes'sares, (rlcffapeq, rlrpa), four. TET'RACHORD, a series of four TES'SELATED, formed in little sounds. squares. 214. Thea'omai, (0sd.ofj.at'), to behold. THE'ATRE, a place of exhibi- tion; a conspicuous place of action. 215. The' sis, THEAT'RICAL, resembling the manner of dramatic per- formers. , a putting or placing; The' ma, (_0lfj.a), something placed. ANATH'EMA, excommunication ANTITH'ESIS, an opposition of with curses. EP'ITHET,* an adjective. words or sentiments. HYPOTH'ESis,f a supposition. * Literally, something placed upon; a descriptive word applied to any- thing in representing it. f A placing under; which is the literal signification of the word supposi- tion. See Lat. 399. A position assumed as the basis of an argument. \VORDS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. 199 PAREN'THESIS,* a clause or sen- j SYNTHETICAL, proceeding by THEME, a topic. [synthesis. tence within another. SYN'THESIS, a putting together; a combining. THE'SIS, a position; a proposi- tion advanced. Compounded of the prepositions napa and iv, signifying in or beside, and 216. TJie'os, (Oety, God. A/THEISM, the disbelief of the existence of a God. THE'ISM, the belief of the exist- ence of a God. [one God. MON'OTHEISM, the doctrine of THEOC'RACY, (60), government by the immediate direction of God. THEOLOGY, (128), the science of God and divine things. 217. To'me, (ro/uy), the act of cutting. ANAT'OMY,| the art of dissect- ing. Ax'oM,J an indivisible particle. EPIT'OME, a compendium or summary. TOME,|| a volume. ( Literally, a cutting up. J The A in this word is the A privative or negative. Atom therefore signi- fies, a thing which cannot be cut or divided. $ The Greek word i-mroftrj signifies a lopping or curtailing. || Literally, a section, or part cut off; a portion of a work. 218. TO'HOS, (juvo^, tension; tone. AT'ONY, relaxation; want of vigor. DET'ONATE, to explode. INTONA'TION, manner of sound- ing. TONE, tension; vigor; sound; a musical interval. TON'IC, increasing tension or vigor ; giving tone to the system. TOP'IC, a subject of discourse. TOPOG'RAPHY, (99), the descrip- tion of a particular place. 219. To'pos, (r6-oq), a place. t TOP'ICAL, local. 220. Treis, (T/K??), three. See Lat. (549). 221. Trop'os, (rpvxos), a turning. TROPE, a figurative turning of alTROp'iC, the point at which the word from its ordinary signi- sun appears to turn again to- fication. j wards the equator. 200 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. 222. Tu'pos, (rwros), a shape, figure, or model. TYPE, an emblem; a model or TYP'IFY, to represent by figure form of a letter, used in print- or symbol. ing. | TYPOGRAPHY, (99), the art c- TYP'ICAL, symbolical. operation of printing. 223. Xu'lon, (cu/ov), wood. XYLOG'RAPHY, (99), the art of engraving on wood. 224. Zo'on, (Cow^), an animal. ZOOL'OGY, (128), the science or description of animals. ZOON'OMY, (149), the science which treats of animal life. Zo'oPHYTE, (yurov, a plant), a body partaking of the proper- ties both of an animal and a vegetable. CHAPTER IV. MISCELLANEOUS TABLES. I. CORRESPONDING DERIVATIVES. The first column contains the icord derived from the, Greek, the. second that derived from the Latin, and the third the corres- ponding word or phrase of English or Saxon origin. TS. B. This table may be studied with advantage ; but the pupil must not suppose that the corresponding words in the three columns are t/nonynnni*. In a few cases they are nearly so. Some of the words in the third column may be remotely derived from the Latin. Amnesty, oblivion, forgetfulness. Amorphous, informal, shapeless. Analogy, correspondence, likeness. Anatomy, dissection, a cutting up. Anomalous, irregular, lawless. Apathetic, insensible, unfeeling. Apology, excuse, plea. Apostle, missionary, messenger. Bishop, supervisor, overseer. Catalogue, inventory, list. Cataract, cascade, waterfall. Chronical, enduring, lasting. GREEK AND LATIN PLURALS. 201 Chrysalis, Democracy, Diaphanous, Dialogue, Didactic, Doxology, Dynasty, Epitome, Elliptical, Esophagus, Eucharist, Eulogize, Gnomon, Graphite, Lexicon, Metamorphose, Monarchical, Parable, Pathetic, Phenomenon, Physical, Prophesy, Rhetoric, Sphere, Sympathy, Tautology, Tetragon, Theology, Tone, aurelia, republic, transparent, conversation, preceptive, glorification, dominion, abstract, oval, gullet, sacrament, commend, index, plumbago, dictionary, transform, regal, similitude, affecting, appearance, medicinal, predict, oratory, globe, compassion, repetition, quadrangle, divinity, sound, grub. commonwealth. clear. talk. teaching. praise. power. abridgment. egg-shaped. throat. Lord's supper. praise. pointer. black-lead. word-book. change. kingly. likeness. feeling. sight. healing. foretell. speaking. ball. fellow-feeling. a saying again. a square. godliness. noise. II. PLURALS OF GREEK AND LATIN NOUNS WHICH ARE USED AS ENGLISH WORDS. JV. /?. The pupil must not forget that in Latin and Greek words, a syllable must be given to every vowel and diphthong. Ho must pronounce Apsides, for instance, in three syllables. In the following table, the letter e with a horizontal mark over it is to be sounded as e in me. Singular. Analysis, Antithesis, Aphis, GREEK. f The solution of any ) ( compound, } Opposition or contrast, A minute insect on plants, Anal'yses. Antitheses. Aph'idts. 202 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. Singular. Tlurai. Apsis, A point in a planet's orbit, Ap'sidcs. Automaton, A self-moving machine, Autom'ata. JJasis, A foundation or base, Jla'ses. Chrysalis, The second state of an insect, Chryml'idts. Crisis, The decisive point, Cri'ses. Criterion, A standard of judging, Crite'ria. Dictresis, The disjunction of vowels, Dicer' eses. Dogma, An opinion propounded, Dog'mata. Ellipsis, Emphasis, A figure of syntax, Ellip'ses. Particular stress upon a word, Em' phases. Ephemeris, A kind of almanac, Ephemer'idcs. Ephemeroh, ( A worm that lives but ] | one day, } E P hem cra - Hypothesis, A supposition or theory, Ifypoth'cses. Metamorphosis, A transformation, Metamor'phoscs. Miasma, A pernicious exhalation, J\fis'mata. Oasis, A fertile spot in a desert, Oases. Phasis, Form or appearance, Pha'ses. Phenomenon, An appearance, PJienom'ena. Thesis, A proposition or theme, The'ses. LATIN. Singular. Plural. Addendum, Something to be added, Adden'da. Amanuensis, A private secretary, Amanuen'ses. Animalcula, A minute insect, Animal'cultv. Apex, A tip or point, Ap' 'ices. Appendix, Something added, Appeit'dices. Arcanum, A secret, Arca'na. Aurora Borealis, The northern light, Auro'rae.Borca'tis. Axis, An axle, Ax'es. Calx, A cinder, Cal'ces. Corrigendum, Something to be corrected, Corrigen'da. Datum, Something given, Da'ta. Desideratum, A thing wanted, Desidera'ta. Effluvium, Odor; exhalation, Efflu'via. Encomium. Praise; commendation, Enco'mia. Erratum, A mistake, Errata,. Fascis, A bundle of rods, Fas'ces. Focus, The point where rays meet, Fo'ci. Formula, A prescribed form, For'mulce. Fungus, An excrescence, Fun'gi. LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES. 203 Singular. Plural. Gen ius } A spirit, Ge'nii. Genus, A kind or sort, Gen' era. Jynis Faluns, Index, Will-with-the-wisp, A pointer, I/JHCX fat'ui. In'dices. Lamina, A thin plate or coat, Lam'ina;. Magus, A wise man, Ma'.ji. Medium, Something intervening, Me'dia. Memorandum, Something to be remembered, Memoran'da. Mi nut la, A minute particular, Minu'tice. Momentum, Force of motion, Momen'ta. Nebula, A cloudy appearance, Neb'ulce. Nucleus, A kernel, Nu'dei. Radius, The semi-diameter of a circle, Ra'dii. RSal'- ta'tor, Jesus, the Saviour of men. 111. Illinois. Incog, incog' n! to, unknown. i Inst. instant, i. e. present, at hand. Isa. Isaiah. Jac. Jacob. Jan. January. Jas. James. Jno. John. Jon. Jonathan. Jos. Joseph. Josh. Joshua. Jun. Jim' for, younger. K. B. knight of the bath. Kt. knight. Ky. Kentucky. La. Louisiana. Lam. Lamentations. ABBREVIATIONS. 213 Lat. latitude. L. C. Lower Canada. Ldp. Lordship. Lev. Leviticus. Lieut, lieutenant. LL. D. h'gum doc'tor, doctor of laws.__ Lon. longitude. L. S. lo'cus siyil'li, the place of the seal. M. mil'le, a thousand. Maj. major. Mai. Malachi. Mar. March. Mass, or Ms. Massachusetts. Matt. Matthew. M. C. member of Congress. Md. Maryland. M. D. medici'ncK doc'tor, doctor of medicine^- Me. Maine. Messrs. Messieurs. ^ Mi. Mississippi. Mich. Michigan. Mo. Missouri. M. P. member of parliament. Mr. Mister. Mrs. Mistress. MS. manuscript. MSS. manuscripts. N. B. no' to. be'ne, mark well; i. e. take particular notice. N. C. North Carolina. N. E. New England ; north east. Nera. con. nem'ine contradi- ce.n'te, no one expressing dis- sent. N. H. New Hampshire. N. J. New Jersey. No. number. Nov. November. N. S. Nova Scotia. Numb. Numbers. N. Y. New York. 0. Ohio. Obj. objection. Obs. obsolete. Obt. obedient. Oct. October. 0. S. old style. Oxon. Oxo'nta, Oxford, Oz. ounces. Pa. or Penn. Pennsylvania. Part, participle. Pet. Peter. P. M. post-master ; or, post merid'iem, after noon. P. M. (r. post-master general. P. 0. post-office. Pres. president. Prof, professor. Ps. psalm. P. S. post scrip' turn, (written afterwards), postscript. Q. or Qu. question, q. d. qua'si dic'tum, as much as to say. Q. E. D. quod e'rat demon- stran'dum, which was to be demonstrated, q. 1. quan'tum li'bet, as much as you please, q. s. quantum suf'ficit, as much as is necessary, q. v. quod vi'de, which see. Reed, received. Rep. representative. Rev. reverend; Revelation. R. I. Rhode Island. R. N. royal navy. Horn. Romans. Rt. Hon. right honorable. S. A. South America. S. C. South Carolina. Sec. secretary; second. Sen. senior; senator. Sept. September. Sol. Solomon. Sq. square. 214 THE SCHOLAR'S COMPANION. ss. scil'icet, to wit; namely. ! Vt. Vermont. St. street; saint. W. I. West Indies. S. T. D. sane' tee tlieolo' gicc doc' - Wm. William. . tor, doctor of theology. "Wp. worship. Tenn. Tennessee. Wt. weight. Thess. Thessalonians. Xmas, Christmas. Thos. Thomas. Tim. Timothy. Tit. Titus. Tr. translator; treasurer. Yd. yard. Y* ancient mode of writing the. Y! your. & ct, and. U. C. Upper Canada. &c. ct cetera, and the other Fit. ul'timo (men'se), the last ; things, i. e. and so forth. (month). 1 4 to. quarto. TJ. S. A. United States of Ame- 8vo. octavo. rica. ! 1-mo. duodecimo. V. or vid. vide, see. Va. Virginia. Viz. videl'icet, to wit. vs. ver'sus, against. 18mo. duodeut'ges'imo, eigh- teenth. 24to. vices'imo quar'to, twenty- fourth. VI. WORDS DERIVED CHIEFLY FROM CLASSICAL PROPER NAMES. a. pertaining to AR'GIYE, s. a native of Argos. M'olus, the fabled god of the; ARISTOTE'LIAN, a. relating to winds. the doctrines of Ar'istotle. ALEXAN'DRIAN, a. of or per- ARMOR'IC, a. pertaining to Brit- taining to Alexandria, a city] tany, in France. of Egypt. AT'TIC, . pertaining to At'tica, AXACREON'TIC, a. resembling a district of Greece, in which the style of Anac'reon, a Gre- j Athens was situated. cian poet, who wrote amorous AT'TICISM, s. an imitation of and Bacchanalian odes. the Attic style; an elegant AO'NIAN, a. belonging to Ao'nia, [ expression. a district of Greece in which AUGE'AN. a. relating to Auge'as, ' was situated Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses. ARCA'DIAN, a. belonsin a town of Macedonia, famed as the birthplace of Aristotle, who is hence called the Stagirite. PTOLEMA'IC, a. pertaining to the astronomical system of Claudius Ptolemy, an Egyp- tian philosopher; in which it is supposed the earth is fixed in the centre of the universe. PTJ'NIC, a. of or pertaining to Carthage. PYR'RHONISM, s. skepticism ; STENTO'RIAN, a. exceedingly loud or strong; from Stentor, a Grecian, whose voice, Ho- mer tells us, was as loud as the united voices of fifty men. from Pyr'rho, a Grecian phi- STENTOROPHON'IC, a. loudly losopher, who doubted of everything. PYTHAOO'REAN, a. denoting the discipline of Pythagoras: s. a follower of Pythagoras. PYTH'IAN Games, games insti- ted by Apollo, in commemo- speaking or sounding : sten- torophonic tube, a speaking trumpet. STY'GIAN, a. pertaining to the Styx, a fabulous river in the infernal regions. SYB'ARITE, s. an inhabitant of ration of his victory over the serpent Python. PY'THONESS, s. a witch. ROMA'IC, x. the modern Greek language ; so called in refer- ence to the extension of Ro- man power over Greece. SARACEN'IC, a. denoting the architecture of the Saracens, [ TARTA'REAN, a. of or pertaining or the modern Gothic; of or to Tartarus; the name given, pertaining to the Saracens, a in ancient mythology, to the celebrated people that came, place of punishment in an- sorne centuries ago, from the other world. Sybaris, once a powerful city of Calabria, whose inhabitants were proverbially effeminate and luxurious; one of whom, it is said, was unable to sleep, because one of the rose leaves which composed his bed was doubled under him. 218 THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. TARPE'IAX ROCK, a natue given to the height on which stood the capitol in ancient Rome. LN Order, an order in ar- chitecture, which had its ori- gin in Tuscaay. TIIE'BAX, a. of or pertaining TYR'IAX, a. of or pertaining to to Thebes ; s. a native of i the city of Tyre, an ancient Thebes. city of Phoenicia. GEOGRAPHICAL DERIVATIVES, Ac. AF'GHAX, s. a native of Afghan- istan. ALGERINE, s. a native of Algiers; <7. of or pertaining to Algiers. AI/PIXE, a. of or pertaining to, or resembling the Alps. AX'GLICAX, a. English. BRIT'OX, s. a native of Britain. BURMESE', a. of or pertaining to Ava. or the Birman empire; s. the natives of Ava. BYZAX'TIXE, a. of or pertaining to Byzantium, now Constan- tinople. AX'GLO-DA'XISH, a. pertaining CAF'FRE. s. a native of Caffraria to the English Danes. AX'GLO-NOR'MAX, a. pertaining to the English Xoriuans. AN'GLO-SAX'OX. a. pertaining to the English Saxons. AR'ABS, s. tribes inhabiting the whole African coast of the in Africa. CALABRESE', CALA'BRIAX. a. of or pertaining to Calabria; s. a native of Calabria. CALEDO'XIAX, a. of or pertain- ing to Scotland; s. a native of Scotland. Mediterranean, Egypt, Abys- CAM'BRIAX, a. of or pertaining synia, and the eastern side of Africa as far as the Cape of Good Hope, as well as the to Wales ; s. a Welshman. CAM'BRO-BRIT'OX, s. a Welsh- peninsula of Arabia in Asia, j CAXA'DIAX, a. of or pertaining ARAB'IC, a. of Arabia; s. the; to Canada; s. a native of language of Arabia. Canada. AR'XAUT, .s. an Albanian. CAX'DIOTE. a. of or pertaining ARRAGONESE', s. the natives of' to Candia ; s. a native of Arragon, in Spain. [Asia. Candia. ASIAT'IC, a. of or pertaining to \ CARIBBE'AX, a. pertaining to ASSAMESE', s. the natives ofi the Caribbee islands. Assam. [Babylon. CAUCA'SIAX, a. pertaining to BABYLO'XISH, a. pertaining to! Mount Caucasus. BEL'GIC, a. of or pertaining to CEPHALO'XIOTE, a. of or per- Belgium. [Bengal., taining to Cephalonia; s. a BEXGALESE', s. the natives of native of Cephalonia. BRAZILIAN, a. of or pertaining CES'TRIAX. a. of or pertaining to Brazil. to Cheshire. GEOGRAPHICAL DERIVATIVES, ETC. 219 CEYLONESE', s. the natives of Ceylon; a. of or pertaining to Ceylon. CIIIL'IAN, a. pertaining to Chili. CHINESE', of or pertaining to China; s. the natives of China. CiSAl/PiNE,a. an epithet applied to the countries on that side of the Alps next to France. COP'TIC, a. pertaining to the Copts or ancient Egyptians. COR'FUTE, or COR'FIOTE, s. a native of Corfu. COR'NISH, a. of or pertaining to Cornwall. COR'TES, s. the states, or assem- bly of the states, of Spain and of Portugal. CRE'OLE, s. one born in the West Indies of Spanish pa- rents. DAMASCE'NE, a. of or pertaining to Damascus. ]>ANK, s. a native of Denmark. EGYP'TIAN, . of or pertaining to Egypt; s. a native of Egypt. EN'GLISH, a. of or pertaining to England. E'THIOP, s. a native of Ethio- pia. EUROPE' AN, a. of or pertaining to Europe; s. a native of Europe. FIN'XISH, a. of or pertaining to Finland. FLEM'ISII, a. pertaining to Flan- ! ders. FLOR'ENTINE, a. of or pertain- ing to Florence : s. a native of Florence FRANK, s. any European who is not a Greek, a Jew, or a Turk. GAI/LICAN, a. French. GENEVESE', . of or pertaining to Geneva : s. the natives of Geneva. ; GENOESE', a. of or pertaining to Genoa. | GRE'CIAN, a. of or pertaining to Greece. GREEK, s. a native of Greece ; a. of or pertaining to Greece. HANSE, s. a company of mer- chants ; applied to certain towns in Germany, confede- rated for the mutual protec- tion of their commerce. HANSEAT'IC, . pertaining to the Hanse Towns. HES'SIAN, a. of or pertaining to Hesse in Germany. HIBER'NIAN, a. of or pertaining to Ireland : s. a native of Ireland. HINDOO', s. a native of Hin- dostan. HINDOSTANEE', a. of or per- taining to Hindostan. HYD'RIOTE, a. pertaining to Hy- dra, a small island in the Gre- cian archipelago : s. a native of Hydra. ICELAN'DIC, a. of or pertaining to Iceland. I'RISII, a. of or pertaining to Ireland. ITAL'IAN, a. of or pertaining to Italy : s. a native of Italy. JAPANESE', s the natives of Ja- pan. JA'VAN, s. a native of Java. jAVANESE',s.the natives of Java. LEVAN'TINE, a. pertaining to the Levant, a name given to the eastern part of the Mediter- ranean Sea and the countriea bordering on it. THE SCHOLAR S COMPANION. MADEGAS'SES, s. natives of Madagascar. MAHARAT'TAS, s. natives of Maharatta. MALTESE', s. the natives of Malta : a. belonging to Malta. [Man. MANK, s. a native of the Isle of MANX, a. of or pertaining to the Isle of Man. MILANESE', s. the natives of Milan. [the Morea. MO'REOTE, a. of or pertaining to NEPAULESE', a. of or pertaining to Nepaul. NOB/MAN, g,. of or pertaining to Normandy. NORWE'GIAN, a. of or pertain- ing to Norway. NORTHUM'BRIAN, a. of or per- taining to Northumberland. OT'TOMAN, a. pertaining to the Turkish empire. PARIS'IAN, a. of or pertaining to Paris. PARSEE', s. a fire-worshipper of the East Indies. PERU'VIAN, a. of or pertaining to Peru. PIEDMONTESE', s. the natives of Piedmont. POLE, s. a native of Poland. PO'LISH, a. of or pertaining to Poland. POLONESE', a. Polish. PORTUGUESE', a. of or pertain- ing to Portugal. PYRENE'AN, a. pertaining to the Pyrenees, mountains sepa- rating France and Spain. KH^E'TIAN, a. an epithet applied to a portion of the Alps, situated between the Grisons country and Milan. SAVOY'ARD, s. a native of Savoy. SAX'ON, a. of or pertaining to Saxony. SCOTCH, SCOT'TISH, a. of or pertaining to Scotland. SIAMESE', s. the natives of Siam. SMYR'NIOTE, s. a native of Smyrna. SPAN'IARD, s. a native of Spain. SPAN'ISH, . of or pertaining to Spain. SU'LIOTE, a. of or pertaining to Suli : s. a native of Suli. SUMA'TRAN, s. a native of Su- matra. SWEDE, s. a native of Sweden. Swiss, a. of or pertaining to Switzerland. SYR'IAC, a. of or pertaining to Syria. TAR'TAR, s. a native of Tartary. THIBE'TIAN, s. a native of Thi- bet. TRANSALPINE, a. an epithet applied to the countries on that side of the Alps furthest from France. TRANSATLANTIC, a. an epithet applied to the countries be- yond the Atlantic Ocean. TRIPOL'ITAN, s. a native of Tripoli : a. pertaining to Tripoli. TUNISIAN, TUNIS'INE, a. of or pertaining to Tunis. TURK, a native of Turkey. TYROLESE', a. of or pertaining to the Tyrol. VENE'TIAN, a. of or pertaining to Venice. WALDEN'SES, s. the natives of Vaudois in Piedmont. WELSH, a. of or pertaining to Wales. [koiitsk. YAKOUTE', s. a native of Ya- ZAN'TIOTE, s. a native of Zaute. ENGLISH SYNONYMS. 221 PART III. ENGLISH SYNONYMS. WORDS which are strictly synonymous, i. e., which are used to convey precisely the same idea, and might be substituted for each other in any possible connection, are almost, if not entirely un- known. But the term synonymous is applied, in common usage, to words which represent a given idea under different limitations or modifications, while the words belong to the same part of speech. As the degree of resemblance between the signification of such words may vary indefinitely, a larger or smaller number of words would, on different occasions, be classed together as synonyms, according to the different purposes for which the classification should be made. In attempting to express ideas, either orally or in writing, it is often difficult to recall the word which most nearly meets the case. Young writers, especially, are much embarrassed in this way; and without some aid, they will not rapidly improve in pertinency and variety of expression. It is the object of the following collection of synonyms to furnish the aid which the difficulty above mentioned renders necessary.* When the stu- dent is in doubt respecting the distinction between the significa- tions of words here classed together, he will of course resort, either to a large English dictionary, or to a proper dictionary of synonyms, like that of Crabbe. In consulting the following pages, he may not only have the appropriate word suggested, when the memory alone is at fault, but may become acquainted with new words, and be led to investigate their meaning. In arranging the words in paragraphs in this Part, the aim has been to place those of a more general or comprehensive signifi- cation first, and those more limited afterwards ; a transition to words of a distinct class is marked by a semicolon. Words arc occasionally introduced which may seem too remote; but if it is borne in mind by the pupil that the words classed together are not to be considered as defining each other, no error will be occa- sioned by thus extending the classification. This Part may be used, with great advantage, as the basis of exercises in which the pupil shall be required to discriminate carefully between the significations of words more or less nearly synonymous. These exercises may, of course, be much varied. They will be found admirably adapted to cultivate habits of accu- racy in thought and expression. * This collection did not form a part of Butter's Expositor, but is derived from a work by William Carpenter. ENGLISH SYNONYMS. ABO AGO To ABASE, depress, degrade, bring ABNEGATION, denial, renunciation. low, humble, disgrace, cast To ABRIDGE, abbreviate, curtail, down. ] shorten, reduce, compress, con- To ABBREVIATE, contract, curtail, tract, condense, epitomize. shorten, abridge, compress, con- ABNEGATE. See ABNEGATION and dense, reduce, epitomize. ABOLI.-II. To ABET, aid, assist. i To ABOMINATE, abhor, detest, ABETTOR, assistant, accessary, ally, loathe. accomplice. ABRUPT, rugged, rough ; sudden, To ABANDON, forsake, desert, re- unexpected. nounce, relinquish, resign, give ABSOLUTE, positive, peremptory ; up, abdicate, quit, forego. arbitrary, despotic. ABANDONED, profligate, corrupt, ABSOLUTELY, completely, unre- vitiated, depraved, reprobate, , strictedly, unconditionally. viciuus, wicked. To ABSOLVE, clear, acquit, set free ; To ABASH, confuse, confound, dis- remit ; pardon, forgive. concert, shame. To ABSORB, swallow up, imbibe, To ABATE, diminish, reduce, de- engulf, engross, consume. crease, lessen, liquidate, lower, To ABSTAIN, refrain, forbear, with- subside. ; hold. To ABDICATE, abandon, relinquish, ABSTEMIOUS, abstinent, temperate, forsake, resign, renounce, give] sober. up, quit. | ABSTERGENT, cleansing, purgative, To ABHOR, detest, abominate, I abstersive. loathe. j ABSTINENT, abstemious, temper- To ABIDE, stay, remain, tarry. | ate, sober. ABILITY, capacity, faculty, talent, I ABSURD, foolish, irrational, ridicu- capability, aptness, aptitude, skill, efficiency. ABLE, competent, capable, effi- cient, clever, skilful, fitted, qualified; strong, powerful, ef- fective. ABJECT, low. mean, base, despica- ble, worthless, servile, vile. lous, preposterous. ABUNDANT, ample, copious, exu- berant, plentiful, plenteous. To ABUSE, reproach, vilify, revile, deceive. ABUSIVE, reproachful, scurrilous, opprobrious, insolent, insulting, offensive. To ABJURE, forswear, recant, re- To ACCEDE, assent, consent, com- call, revoke, retract. I ply, agree, acquiesce. ABODE, residence, dwelling, habi- To ACCELERATE, hasten, quicken, tation, domicile. expedite. ABOLISH, abrogate, annul, repeal, To ACCEPT, take, receive. cancel, revoke; destroy, anni- ACCEPTABLE, agreeable, grateful, hilate. . welcome. 222 ACQ 223 ADJ ACCESS, approach, admittance, ad- make known ; disclose, commu- mission. nicate. ACCESSARY, accomplice, assistant, ACQUAINTANCE, familiarity, inti- abettor, ally. i macy ; fellowship. ACCESSION, addition, augmenta- To ACQUIESCE, accede, assent, con- tion, increase. i sent, comply, agree, yield. ACCIDENT, casualty, contingency, ) To ACQUIRE, obtain, attain, gain, incident, adventure, occur- j procure; Avin, earn. rence. ACQUIREMENT, acquisition ; quali- ACCIDENTAL, casual, fortuitous, fication. contingent, incident. To ACQUIT, set free, clear, absolve ; ACCLAMATION, applause, plaudit, i pardon, forgive. exultation, shouting. ACRIMONY, asperity, harshness, To ACCOMMODATE, adapt, adjust, suit, fit, serve. ACCOMPLICE, abettor, accessary, assistant, ally. To ACCOMPLISH, fulfil, realize, smartness, tartness. ACTIVE, agile, assiduous, alert, brisk, vigorous, nimble, lively, quick, sprightly; prompt; in- dustrious, laborious. effect, achieve, complete, exe- i ACTUAL, real, positive, certain, cute. genuine. ACCOMPLISHMENT, achievement, [ To ACTUATE, move, impel, induce, feat, deed ; acquirement, quali- j instigate, fication. ACUTE, keen, shrewd, penetrating, ACCORDANCE, agreement, harmo- ny, unison, melody. ACCORDANT, consonant, consist- ent. A< COUNT, narrative, description, piercing; sharp, pointed ADAGE, maxim, aphorism, apoph- thegm, proverb, saying. To ADAPT, accommodate, adjust, suit, lit. DEQUATE, equal, proportionate, relation, recital, detail, expla- nation, narration. I commensurate. ACCOUNTAIILE, amenable, answer- \ ADDICTED, devoted, attached, able, responsible. ADDITION, accession, augmenta- To ACCUMULATE, amass, collect, gather, heap up. ACCURATE, correct, exact, precise, tion, increase. ADDRESS, ability, dexterity. To ADDUCE, bring forward, ad- nice. i vance, allege, assign, cite, To ACCUSE, charge, impeach, cen- quote. sure; arra'-rn. I To ADHERE, attach, stick, hold, To ACCUSE falsely, asperse, calum- i cleave, fix. niate, defame, detract, scandal- j ADHERENCE, adhesion, attach- ize, slander, vilify. j ment. To ACHIEVE, accomplish, fulfil, ADHERENT, follower, disciple, par- realize, eS'ect, complete, exe- tisan. cute. ADHESION, adherence, attach- ACIIIEVEMENT, feat, exploit, deed, j ment. accomplishment, acquirement, t ADJACENT, near to, adjoining, ACID, sour, tart, sharp, acrimo- : contiguous, approximating. ADJOINING, adjacent, contiguous, nious, acetous, acotose. To ACKNOWLEDGE, avow, confess, approximating. o\vn, recognise. j To ADJOURN, prorogue; postpone, To ACQUAINT, apprise, inform, delay, defer. 15 AFF 224 To ADJUST, accommodate, adapt, get right, suit, fit. To ADMINISTER, minister, contri- To AFFECT, influence, act upon, concern ; assume, pretend to arrogate, buto, supply ; serve, manage. ; AFFECTING, pathetic, touching, ADMIRATION, amazement, asto-j moving. nishment, wonder, surprise. ! AFFECTION, attachment, kindness, ADMISSION, admittance, access, ; fondness, love. approach. i AFFIXITV, alliance : kindred, re- To ADMIT, allow, concede, permit, j lationship. suffer, tolerate, grant. i To AFFIRM, assert, declare, assure, ADMITTANCE, admission, access, asseverate, aver, protest, pro- approach, nounce. To ADORN, decorate, embellish, To AFFIX, attach, subjoin, con- beautify. iiect, annex. ADROIT, clever, skilful, dextrous, ' To AFFLICT, distress, trouble, expert. j pain. To ADULATE, flatter, compliment. AFFLUENCE, wealth, riches, opu- To ADULTERATE, corrupt, con- ' lence. taminate, defile, vitiate, soph is- To AFFORD, give, impart, yield, ticate. j produce ; spare. To ADVANCE, bring forward, as- 'AFFRAY, fray, quarrel, brawl, sign, adduce, allege ; proceed, i feud, altercation, go forward. To AFFRIGHT, frighten, terrify, ADVANCEMENT, progress, gression ; improvement, profi- ciency. .ppall, dismay, shock. AFFRONT, insult, offence, outrage. AFRAID, fearful, timid, timor- ADVANTAGE, good, benefit, profit. ADVENTURE, occurrence, incident, I AGE, time, period, generation, contingency, casualty, event, , date, era, epoch, century. accident. | AGED, elderly, old, senile. ADVENTUROUS, enterprising; rash, foolhardy. ADVERSARY, antagonist, opponent, AGENCY, action, operation ; ma- nagement. To AGGRAVATE, provoke, irritate, enemy, foe. exasperate, tantalize ; heighten, ADVERSE, averse, contrary, oppo- 1 raise, make worse. site ; inimical, repugnant, hos- tile. To ADVERTISE, announce, pro- claim, publish, promulgate. ADVICE, counsel, instruction, in- AGGRESSION, assault, injury, of- fence. AGILE, active, assiduous, alert, brisk, vigorous, nimble, lively, :juick, sprightly, prompt; in- formation ; notice, intelligence ; j clustrious, laborious. deliberation, consultation. , To AGITATE, shake, disturb, toss, To ADVISE with, seek counsel, de- i move. liberate, consult. AGITATION, disturbance, emotion, AFFABILITY, courteousness, ur- trepidation, tremor. hanity, courtesy, complai AGONY, anguish, pain, distress, sance. | pang, suffering. AFFABLE, courteous, conciliating, i To AGREE, accede, assent, con- gontle, urbane. j sent, comply, acquiesce, eon- AFFAIR, business, concern, mat-; cur. ter, {AGREEABLE, pleasant, pleasing, A i/: grateful, welcome, conformable, suitable, acceptable. AGREEMENT, concurrence, com- pact, contract, bargain, cove- nant ; accordance, harmony, unison : melody. To AID, assist, help, relieve, suc- cor. To Am, point, level; endeavor, aspire. AIM, end, object, purpose, drift, scope, design, tendency. AIR, look, manner, mien, aspect, appearance. ALARM, terror, fright, affright, consternation, disquietude. ALERT, active, agile, assiduous, brisk, vigorous, nimble, lively, quick, prompt, sprightly; in- dustrious, laborious. ALIEN, stranger, foreigner. To ALIENATE, estrange, withdraw, transfer. To ALLAY, appease, assuage, soothe, compose, calm, tranquil- lize. To ALLEGE, adduce, advance, as- sign. To ALLEVIATE, mitigate, relieve, abate, diminish. ALLIANCE, affinity, connection ; confederacy, league, combina- tion, coalition. To ALLOT, assign, apportion, ap- point, distribute. To ALLOW', admit, concede ; per- mit, suffer, tolerate; grant, give. ALLOWANCX, grant, stipend, pay, wages, salary ; permission, con- cession. To ALLUDE, hint, refer, glance at, suggest, intimate. To ALLURE, attract, decoy, entice, tempt, seduce. ALLY, associate, accomplice, ac-| cessary, assistant. To ALTER, change, vary. ALSO, likewise, too. ALTI-.KCATION, dispute, affray, quarrel, feud. ! ALWAYS, constantly, continually, incessantly, perpetually, ever. To AMASS, accumulate.* collect, gather, pile up, heap up. I AMAZEMENT, wonder, surprise, ! astonishment, admiration. i AMBIGUOUS, equivocal, indistinct, j doubtful. AMENABLE, accountable, answer- I able, responsible. To AMEND, correct, emend, better, mend, improve, reform, rectifv. | AMENDS, restoration, restitution, reparation. AMIAHLE, lovely, charmiiv de- lightful. AMOROUS, loving, fond. AMPLE, spacious, capacious; abun- dant, copious, plenteous. AMUSE, entertain, divert ; be- guile. AMUSEMENT, diversion, entertain- ment, sport, recreation, pas- time. ANCESTOR, progenitor, forefather, predecessor. ANCIENT, old, antique, antiquated, old-fashioned, obsolete. ANECDOTE, story, tale, memoir, incident. To ANGER, irritate, increase, ag- gravate, enrage, incite, stimu- late, exasperate, inflame. ANGRY, irascible, passionate, hasty, hot. ANGUISH, pain, agony, distress, suffering. ANIMADVERSION, criticism, stric- ture, censure. To ANIMATE, inspire, exhilarate, enliven, incite, impel, instigate, urge ; cheer. ANIMATION, life, vivacity, spirits, buoyancy. ANIMOSITY, enmity, hostility, ma- lignity. ANNALS, chronicles, memoirs, archives, records, registers. To ANNEX, affix, attach, subjoin. ANNOTATION, comment, note, ob- servation, remark, elucidation. Alii To ANNOUNCE, advertise, pro- claim, publish. To ANNOY, molest, incommode, vex, tease. ANNUL, abolish, abrogate, repeal, cancel, revoke, destroy, anuihi- j late. To ANSWER for, guaranty, war-i rant, secure. ANSWER, reply, rejoinder, re- sponse, replication. ANSWERABLE, responsible, ac- countable, amenable ; suitable, correspondent. ANTAGONIST, adversary, opponent, enemy, foe. ANTECEDENT, anterior, previous, prior, preceding, foregoing, for- mer. ANTERIOR, antecedent, previous, prior, preceding, foregoing, for- mer. To ANTICIPATE, prepossess, pre- cede, prejudge; forestall. ANTIPATHY, aversion, dislike, ha- tred, repugnance, contrariety, opposition. ANTIQUE, old, ancient, antiquated, old-fashioned, obsolete. ANXIETY, care, solicitude, per- plexity ; caution, attention. APATHY, indifference, insensibili- ty, unfeelingness. To APE, imitate, mimic, mock. APERTURE, opening, cavity. APHORISM, apophthegm, adage, maxim, proverb, saying. To APPALL, dismay, terrify, daunt. APPARENT, visible, obvious, clear, plain, evident, manifest, dis- tinct. To APPEAL, refer, call upon, in- voke. To APPEAR, look, seem. APPEARANCE, air, look, manner, mien, aspect, semblance APPEARANCE of truth, verisimili- tude, probability, speciousness. To APPEASE, pacify, allay, as- suage, soothe, compose, -aim, tranquillize, propitiate. APPELLATION, name, denomiuar tion, title, cognomen. To APPLAUD, commend, praise, extol, approve. APPLAUSE, acclamation, plaudit, exultation, shouting. To APPLY, devote, addict, ad- dress. To APPOINT, allot, ordain, depute, order, prescribe, constitute, iix, provide. To APPRECIATE, estimate, note, value ; esteem. To APPREHEND, take, seize, catch, hold ; conceive, imagine ; anti- cipate, fear, dread. To APPRISE, acquaint, inform, make known, disclose, commu- nicate. APPROACH, access, admittance, admission. APPROBATION, approval, concur- rence, consent. To APPROPRIATE, assume, arro- gate, usurp; allot, assign. APPROPRIATE, peculiar, particular, exclusive. To APPROXIMATE, approach, come near. APT, ready, fit, meet, prompt, suitable, dextrous. ARBITER, arbitrator, judge, um- pire. ARBITRARY, absolute, despotic, peremptory, imperious, tyran- nical ; optional. ARBITRATOR, arbiter, judge, um- pire. ARCHIVES, annals, chronicles, re- gisters, records. ARDENT, vehement, hot, eager, passionate, violent, fiery, fer- vent. ARDUOUS, hard, difficult. To ARGUE, dispute, debate, evince ; expostulate, remon- strate. ARGUMENT, reason, proof, dis- pute. ARIDITY, dryness : sterility, bar- renness, unfaithfulness. ASS 1227 ATT To ARISE, rise, moifnt, ascend ; scale. To AKRAIGV, accuse, charge, im- peach, censure. To ARRANGE, place, class, range, dispose. ARRAV, apparel, attire; show, ex- hibition. ARROGANCE, assumption, haugh- tiness, presumption, usurpa- tion. ART, cunning, deceit, duplicity ; skill, aptitude, contrivance, ex- pertness. To ARTICULATE, speak, utter, pro- nounce. ARTIFICE, trick, finesse, stratagem, deception, cheat, imposture, de- lusion, fraud, deceit, guile, im- position. ARTLESS, ingenuous, candid, open, frank. To ASCEXD, arise, rise, mount, soar, scale, climb. ASCENDENCY, influence, authority, sway, domination. To ASCRIBE, attribute, impute. To ASK, request, solicit, entreat, beg, claim, demand ; inquire, j question. ASPECT, appearance, air, look, mien. ASPERITY, acrimony, harshness, smartness, tartness. To ASPERSE, accuse falsely, calum- niate, defame, detract, scandal- ize, slander, vilify. To ASSAIL, attack, assault, en- counter. To ASSASSINATE, kill, murder,! slay. To ASSAULT, assail, attack, en- counter. ASSEMBLAGE, assembly, collection, _ group. To ASSEMBLE, collect, muster, con- 1 vene, convoke. ASSAILANT, aggressor. ASSEMBLY, assemblage, collec-i tion, group; company, con- gregation, congress, conven ' tion, diet, meeting, convocation, council. ASSENT, consent, concurrence, ap- probation. To ASSERT, affirm, declare, asseve- rate, aver, protest, pronounce ; maintain, vindicate. ASSESSMENT, tax, rate, impost. To ASSEVERATE, assert, affirm, aver, declare, assure, protest, pronounce, vouch. ASSIDUOUS, active, agile, alert, brisk. To ASSIGN, adduce, allege, ad- vance; allot, apportion. To ASSIST, aid, help, relieve, suc- cor. ASSISTANT, helper. ASSOCIATE, companion, ally, co- adjutor, partner. ASSOCIATION, combination, com- pany, society, partnership. To ASSUAGE, allay, soothe, ap- pease, cairn, tranquillize, miti- gate. To ASSUME, arrogate, usurp, ap- propriate, affect. ASSURANCE, confidence, persua- sion ; impudence. To ASSURE, affirm, assert, asseve- rate, aver, protest, vouch. ASTONISHMENT, amazement, won- der, surprise, admiration. ASTRINGENT, binding, styptic, astrictive, restringent, cos- tive. ASTUTE, arch, cunning, penetra- ting, wily, crafty, artful. ASYLUM, refuge, retreat, shelter. ATROCIOUS, flagrant, flagitious, heinous. To ATTACH, affix, subjoin, con- nect, annex; adhere, stick, hold, cleave. ATTACHMENT, affection, inclina- tion, fondness, love. To ATTAIN, reach, acquire, ob- tain, gain, procure, got. To ATTACK, assail, assault, en- counter ; impugn. ATTEMPT, effort, endeavor; es- 228 BAH say, trial ; enterprise, under- taking. To ATTEND, accompany, escort, wait on ; hearken, listen. To ATTEND to, mind, heed, re- gard. NOT ATTENDING to, absent, inat- tentive, abstracted. ATTENTION, heed, care ; applica- tion, study. ATTENTIVE, careful, mindful. ATTITUDE, posture, gesture, ac- tion, gesticulation. To ATTRACT, draw, allure, en- tice. ATTRACTIONS, charms, allure- ments. To ATTRIBUTE, ascribe, impute. ATTRIBUTE, quality, property. AUDACITY, boldness, effrontery, hardihood. AUGMENTATION, accession, addi- tion, increase. AUGUR, forebode, betoken, pre- sage, portend. AUGUST, majestic, magisterial, dignified, stately, pompous. AUSPICIOUS, favorable, propi- tious. AUSTERE, rigid, severe, stern, rigorous. AUTHORITATIVE, commanding, im- perative, imperious. AUTHORITY, ascendency, sway, influence, power, dominion, force. AVAIL, advantage, use, benefit, utility, service. AVARICE, covetousness, cupidity. To AVER, affirm, assert, declare, assure, asseverate, protest. AVKKSE, adverse, backward, loth, reluctant, unwilling. To AVENGE, revenge, vindicate. AVERSION, antipathy, dislike, re- pugnance, hatred. AVIDITY, eagerness, greediness. AVOCATION, calling, business, employment, engagement, of- fice, trade, profession, occupa- To AVOID, shun, elude, eschew. AVOIDED (not to be), inevitable, unavoidable. To Avow, acknowledge, own, con- fess, recognise. To AWAKEN, arouse, stir up, ex- cite ; provoke. AWARE, apprised, on one's guard, cautious. AWE, reverence, dread, fear. AWKWARD, clumsy, uncouth, untoward, unhandy, un po- lite. AWRY, crooked, bent, curved, oblique. B To BAUBLE, clatter, prate, prat- tle. BABBLING, garrulity, loquacity, talkativeness. BACKWARD, averse, unwilling, loth, reluctant. To go BACKWARD, retrograde, ro- trocede, recede, retreat, retire, withdraw. BAD, evil, unsound, wicked. BADGE, mark, sign, stigma. To BAFFLE, confuse, disconcert, confound, defeat. To BALANCE, poise, equipoise, equiponderate, counterpoise ; weigh. BAND, shackle, fetter, chain; com- pany, crew, gang. BANE,*pest, ruin ; poison. BANISHMENT, exile, outlaAvry, ex- pulsion, proscription. BANQUET, feast, entertainment, carousal, treat. To BANTER, deride, ridicule, mock, rally. BARBAROUS, savage, cruel, inhu- man, brutal. BARE, naked, uncovered, desti- tute ; scanty, mere. BAREFACED, glaring, impudent. To BARGAIN, cheapen, buy, pur- cha.-e. BARGAIN, agreement, compact, contract, covenant. BE II 229 BIA BARRENNESS, unfruitfulness, ste- rility, aridity. BARTER, exchange, interchange, dealing, trade, traffic, truck. BASE, low, mean, dishonorable, vile. BASHFUL, modest ; diffident. BASIS, foundation, ground ; pe- destal. BASTARD, illegitimate, spurious, not genuine. BATTLE, combat, engagement. To BE, exist, subsist. BEAM, ray, gleam. To BEAR, support, endure, sus- tain, carry ; suffer, under- go- To BEAR down, oppress, over- bear, overpower, subdue, over- whelm. BEARING, endurance, suffering, patience ; tolerance, toleration, sufferance. BEAST, animal, brute. BEASTLY, bestial, brutish, brutal ; irrational, sensual. To BEAT, strike, hit ; overthrow, defeat, overpower. BEATITUDE, happiness, bliss, feli- city, blessedness. BEAU, gallant, spark, sweet- heart. BEAUTIFUL, handsome, line, pret- ty- To BEAUTIFY, adorn, embellish, decorate, deck, ornament. BECOMING, lit, meet, suitable, be- fitting, comely, decent, grace- ful. BEFITTING, becoming, suitable, meet, fit, decent. To BEU, ask, entreat, crave, so- licit, beseech, implore, suppli- cate. To BECI.V, enter upon, commence ; originate. To BEGUILE, amuse; deceive, im- pose upon. BEHAVIOR, conduct, deportment, carriage, demeanor, manner, address. To BEHEAD, decapitate, decol- late. BEHEST, command, injunction, mandate, precept, order, charge. To BEHOLD, see, look, eye, view, observe. BEHOLDER, observer, spectator, looker-on. BELIEF, credence, credit, trust, faith, confidence. BELOW, beneath, under. To BEMOAN, bewail, lament. To BEND, lean, incline, distort. To BEND backward, recline. BENEATH, under, low. BENEFACTION, gift, donation, pre- sent. BENEFICENT, benevolent, bounti- ful, bounteous, munificent, libe- ral, generous. BENEFIT, advantage, good ; ser- vice, avail, use. BENEVOLENCE, beneficence, be- nignity, kindness, generosity, humanity, tenderness, good- ness. BENIGNITY. See BENEVOLENCE. BENT, crooked, curved, awry; bias, inclination, prepossession, turn. BENUMBED, numbed, torpid, sense- less. To BEQUEATH, give, devise. To BEREAVE, deprive, strip. To BESEECH, beg, entreat, crave, solicit, implore, supplicate. BESIDES, moreover, more than that, over and above. BESTIAL, beastly, brutish, bru- tal. To BESTOW, give, confer, grant. BETIMES, early, soon. To BETOKEN, augur, presage, fore- bode, portend, signify. To BETTER, improve, amend, emend, ameliorate, meliorate ; reform ; rectify. To BEWAIL, bemoan, lament. BEYOND, over, above. BIAS, bent, inclination, preposses- sion, prejudice. BOL 230 BRI To BID, offer, tender, propose ; solent, impudent, contuma- call, invite, summon. j cious. BIG, great, large. ', BOMBASTIC, tumid, turgid, inflat- BILLOW, wave, surge, breaker. i ed. To BIND, tie ; engage, oblige, lay BONDAGE, slavery, servitude, im- under obligation. i prisonment. BINDING, astringent, styptic, as- Booty, spoil, prey. trictive, restringent, costive. BORDER, edge, brim, run, verge, To BLAME, censure, reproach, re- brink, margin. prove, condemn, upbraid, rcprc- To BORE, pierce, penetrate, per- hend. forate. BLAMABLE, culpable, censura- To BOUND, limit, circumscribe, ble, reprehensible, reprova- restrict, confine, terminate. ble. ' BOUNDLESS, illimitable, unlimited, BLAMELESS, inculpable, irrepre-; unbounded, infinite. bensible, irreprovable, irre- : To BOUND back, recoil, rebound, proachable, guiltless ; unblem- reverberate. ished, spotless. To BLAST, strike, desolate, wither up; destroy, annihilate. BOUNTY, munificence, liberality, generosity, benevolence, benefi- cence, benignity. BLAST, gust, gale, breeze, storm. J BOUNTEOUS, generous, beneficent, BLAZE, flare, glare, flame. bountiful, liberal, munificent, BLEEDING, phlebotomy, venesec-j kind. tion. j BRACE, pair, couple. BLEMISH, flaw, speck, spot, defect, ; BRAVE, courageous, gallant, dar- fault. To BLEND, mix, mingle, con- found. BLESSEDNESS, bliss, happiness, fe- licity, beatitude. BLISS. See BLESSEDNESS. ing, valorous, valiant, bold, he- roic, intrepid, magnanimous, fearless. BREACH, chasm, opening, gap, break. To BREAK, rend, rack ; violate, BLOODY, bloodthirsty, sanguina- infringe; demolish, destroy. ry. I BREAKER, wave, billow, surge. To BLOT out, expunge, erase, i BREEDING, education, instruc- obliterate, cancel, efface. ; tion. BLUNDER, mistake, error. BREEZE, gale, gn?t, blast. BLUNT, pointless, obtuse. i BREVITY, conciseness. See next To BOAST, glory, vaunt. j word. BOASTER, braggadocio, braggart, ! BRIEF, short, concise, compen- braggard, bravado. BOASTING, vaunting, ostentation, vain-glory, parade, rodomon- tade. BODILY, corporal, corporeal. BODY, carcass, corpse. dious, summary, succinct, la- conic. BRIGHT, clear, lucid, limpid, splendid, translucent, resplen- dent. To BRIGHTEN, polish, burnish. BODYLESS, incorporeal; immate- BRILLIANCY, splendor, lustre, rial, spiritual. \ brightness, radiance. BOISTEROUS, violent, furious, im- BRIM,' border, edge, rim, brink, petuous, vehement. margin, verge. BOLD, fearless, undaunted, dar- BRINK, brim, border, edge, rim, ing, intrepid, audacious; in- margin, verge. BYW 231 CAP To BRING fonvard, adduce, ad- vance, assign, allege. BRISK, active, agile, assiduous, alert, vigorous, nimble, lively, quick, sprightly, prompt. BRITTLE, fragile, frail, frangi- ble. BROAD, wide, large, ample, exten- sive. BROIL, affray, fray, quarrel, feud, altercation. BROTHERHOOD, fraternity. BRUTE, animal, beast. BRUTISH, cruel, inhuman, bar- barous, savage ; irrational, sen- sual. To BRUISE, break, crush, contuse, squeeze, pound. To BUD, sprout, germinate, shoot forth. To BUILD, erect, construct; found. BULK, size, magnitude, greatness, extent, largeness. BUOYANCY, lightness ; animation, vivacity. BURDEN, load, weight, freight, cargo. BURDENSOME, heavy, weighty, ponderous. BURIAL, interment, sepulchre, in- humation. BCRYING-PLACE, grave, tomb, se- pulchre, cemetery. BtrttLESQlTE, satire, irony, humor, wit. BURNING, ardent, fiery, hot. To BURST, break, crack, split. BURSTING forth, eruption, explo- sion. BUSINESS, affair, concern, matter ; avocation, calling, employment, engagement, occupation, trade, profession ; office, duty. BUSTLE, tumult, hurry. BUTCHERY, carnage, slaughter, innssacre. To BUY, cheapen, bargain, pur- chase. BY-AVORD, adage, saying, re- proach. CABAL, combination, conspiracy, plot. To CAJOLE, coax, wheedle, fawn, flatter. CALAMITY, disaster, misfortune, mishap, mischance. To CALCULATE, reckon, compute, number, count. To CALL, cry, exclaim ; name, bid, invite, summon. To CALL back, retract, recant, re~ call. To CALL together, convene, con- voke. CALLING, avocation, business, employment, engagement, oc- cupation, trade, profession, of- fice. To CALL out, exclaim, ejaculate; evoke. CALLOUS, hard, obdurate, unfeel- ing, insensible, unsusceptible. To CALM, pacify, allay, appease, assuage, soothe, compose, tran- quillize. CALM, serene, placid, composed, unruffled, undisturbed, quiet. To CALUMNIATE, accuse falsely, defame, detract, scandalize, slander, vilify. To CANCEL, abolish, annul, re- peal, revoke, abrogate, destroy, annihilate. CANDID, open, artless, ingenuous, frank, plain. CAPABLE, able, competent, effi- cient, qualified, fitted, clever, skilful, effective. CAPACIOUS, ample, spacious. CAPACITY, ability, faculty, talent, capability, skill, efficiency. CAPRICE, humor, fancy, f';eak. CAPRICIOUS, fantastical, whimsi- cal. CAPTIOUS, cross, petulant, fretful, peevish. To CAPTIVATE, charm, enchant, fascinate; enslave, take pri- I soner. CAT 232 CIIA CAPTIVITY, confinement, impri- To CAVIL, carp, censure. sonmeiit, bondage. CAVITY, aperture, opening. CAPTURE, seizure, prize. ; CAUSE, motive, reason, induce- CARCASS, body, corpse. I ment, incitement. CARE, anxiety, solicitude, atten- To CAUSE, occasion, induce, give tion, concern, regard ; manage- rise to. ment. CAUTION', admonition, warning, CAREFUL, cautious, attentive, pro- notice, advice ; circumspection, vident, circumspect, heedful, I care, solicitude solicitous. CAUTIOUS, careful, wary, circum- spect, prudent, watchful. To CEASE, leave off, desist, discon- tinue. CARELESS, negligent, heedless, in- attentive, incautious, thought- less, remiss, indolent, supine, listless. ! A CEASING, cessation, discon- To CARESS, fondle, endear. ! tinuance, pause, intermis- CARGO. freight, lading, load. j sion. CARNAGE, butchery, massacre, Without CEASIXG, incessant, con- slaughter, j tinual, unintermitting. CAROUSAL, feast, entertainment, ! To CEDE, give up, concede, yield, banquet, treat. j surrender, deliver. To CARP, censure, cavil. | CELEBRATED, famous, renowned, CARRIAGE, gait, manner, walk, I illustrious. behavior, deportment, demea- j CELERITY, quickness, speed, nor. I swiftness, fleetness, rapidity, To CARRY, bear, sustain ; convey, ! velocity. transport. j CELESTIAL, heavenly. To CARRY on, conduct, manage, ! To CENSURE, blame, reprove, re- regulate, direct. I p roach, condemn, upbraid ; CASE, situation, condition, state, ' carp, cavil, accuse. plight, predicament. j CENSURE, blame, reproach, con- CAST down, depressed, discou- demnation ; animadversion, raged, dejected. I stricture. To CAST, hurl, throw. \ CEREMONY, form, observance, To CAST off, reject, forsake, aban-| rite. don. CERTAIN, sure, doubtless, secure ; To CAST back, retort, repel, re-j real, actual, positive. buff. j CESSATION, intermission, rest, CASUAL, accidental, fortuitous,! discontinuance. contingent, incidental. I To CHAFE, rub, gall, fret, vex. CASUALTY, accident, contingency, ; CHAGRIN, vexation, fretfulness, incident, adventure, occur-; mortification, rence. event. j CHANCE, fortune, hazard, acci- CATALOSUE, list, register, roll, re- dent, (happening by.) cord. ! CHANCE (to happen by), acci- To CATCH, seize, lay hold on,| dental, casual, fortuitous, con- grasp, gripe, snatch, cap- tingent, incidental, ture. j To CHANGE, alter, vary ; es- A CATCHING., caption, capture; change, barter. arrest, apprehension, seizure. CHANGE, variety, variation ; al- CATCIIING, infectious, contagious, teration, mutation; vicissitude, pestilential. revolution. CHE CLA CHANGEABLE, mutable, fickle, va- CHEERFULNESS, gayety, spright- riable, inconstant, unstable, un- liness, merriment, mirth, liveli- certain, wavering, versatile,' ness, blitiiesomeness, vivacity, unsteady, irresolute. i jocundity, jollity. CHARACTER, cast, turn, descrip- To CHERISH, nurture, nourish, tion ; reputation. foster, indulge. To CHARACTERIZE, name, denomi- To CHIDE, check, reprimand, re- nate, describe, designate, style,! prove, rebuke, entitle. j CHIEF, principal, main; leader, To CHARGK, accuse, impeach, ar- head, chieftain, raign. To CHEW, masticate. CHARGE, care, custody, trust, CHILD (with) pregnant, enceinte, management; cost, price, ex-i large. pense; assault, attack, encoun-; CHIEFLY, principally, mainly, par- ter, onset. j ticularly, especially. To CHARM, enchant, fascinate, CHILDISH, infantine, puerile, enrapture, captivate, transport, : CHILDHOOD, infancy, minority, bewitch, allure. ; CHILDREN, offspring, issue, p CHARMING, delightful, pleasura- ble, graceful, fascinating, capti- vating, enchanting. A CHARM, spell, incantation, en- chantment. CHASE, race, hunt. To CHASTEN, chastise, correct, punish. CHASTENESS, chastity, continence, purity ; simplicity. CHASTITY, continence, purity ; chasteness, modesty. To CHASTISE, chasten, correct, punish. To CHAT, chatter, prattle, prate, babble. CHATTELS, goods, furniture, effects, movables. To CHEAPEN, bargain, buy, pur- chase. To CHEAT, defraud, trick, beguile. pro- geny- A CHINK, fissure, cranny. CHILL, cold. To CHOKE, stifle, suffocate, smo- ther. CHOICE, option ; select. CHOLER, anger, rage, fury. To CHOOSE, prefer, select, elect, pick. CIRCLE, orb, sphere, globe. To CIRCULATE, spread, diffuse, disseminate, propagate. To CIRCUMSCRIBE, bound, limit, restrict, confine, enclose. CIRCUMSTANCE, situation, position ; incident, fact. CIRCUMSPECT, cautious, wary, par- ticular. CIRCUMSPECTION, caution, delib- eration, thoughtfulness, wari- ness. CHEAT, deception, imposture, ! CIRCUMSTANTIAL, particular, mi- fraud, delusion, artifice, deceit, i nute. trick, imposition, guile, finesse ; , To CITE, quote, summon, call. stratagem. CHRONICLES, annals, memoirs, ar- chives, records, registers. To CHECK, curb, restrain, repress, control, inhibit; chide, reprove, rebuke. To CHEER, exhilarate, animate, enliven, encourage, comfort. CIVIL, polite, complaisant, oblig- ing. CIVILITY, courteousness, urbanity, courtesy, affability, complai- sance, politeness. CIVILIZATION, culture, cultivation, refinement. To CLAIM, ask, demand. COA 234 COM CLAIM, pretension, right. I union, confederacy, league, CLAMOR, cry, outcry, noise, up- 1 combination, conspiracy. roar. j COALESCE, join, unite. CLANDESTINE, secret, hidden, pri- COARSE, rough, rude. vate. To COAX, wheedle, fawn, cajole. To CLASP, embrace, hug. j To COERCE, restrain, check. CLASS, order, rank, degree, grade. ; COEVAL, contemporary, contempo- To CLASS, arrange, rank, distri- 1 raneous. bute, classify. j COGENT, forcible, strong, resist- CLEANSING, purgative, abstergent, ! less. abstersive. , COGNOMEN, title, name, denomina- To CLEAR, absolve, acquit, .set : tion, appellation. free, remit; pardon, forgive, discharge. CLEAR, apparent, visible, obvious, plain, evident, manifest, dis- tinct ; fair, lucid, bright. CLEARLY, distinctly, plainly, ob- viously, explicitly. To CLEAR from, extricate, disen- gage, disentangle, disembarrass, evolve. To CLEAR of a fault, exonerate, exculpate ; justify. To CLEAVE, adhere, attach, stick, hold. CLEMENCY, lenity, mercy, mild- ness. CLERGYMAN, parson, priest, minis- ter. CLEVER, expert, dextrous, skilful, adroit. To CLIMB, scale, mount, get up. To CLOAK, mask, veil, cover, blind. To CLOG, load, encumber ; hinder, obstruct, embarrass. CLOSE, compact, solid, dense, firm ; near, nigh. To CLOSE, shut; conclude, end, terminate. To CLOY, glut, satiate. CLOTHES, garments, dress, appa- rel, attire, array, vesture, rai- ment. CLUMSY, awkward, unhandy, un- couth, untoward. COINCIDE, agree, concur. COLD, frigid, chill. COLDNESS, frigidity, algidity, al- gor. COLLEAGUE, partner, coadjutor, assistant, ally. To COLLECT, gather, assemble, muster. COLLECTED, composed, calm, pla- cid. COLLECTION, assemblage, group. | COLLOQUY, convocation, confer- ence, dialogue. COLOR, hue, tint, tinge. COLORABLE, specious, plausible, feasible. COMBAT, battle, engagement, con- flict, contest. COMBINATION, alliance, union, confederacy, league, coalition, conspiracy, cabal. COMELY, becoming, seemly, de- cent, agreeable, graceful. To COMFORT, solace, console, en- courage, revive. COMFORTLESS, forlorn, disconso- late, desolate, wretched. COMIC, droll, ludicrous, ridiculous, laughable. A COMING forth, egress, egres- sion. COMING between, intervening, in- termediate, intermedial, inter- posing, interfering. COMMAND, order, injunction, man- COADJUTOR, colleague, partner, ' date, precept, behest. assistant, ally. COMMANDING, authoritative, im- COALITION, alliance, connection, ! perative, imperious. COM 235 COM To COMMENCE, begin, enter upon. To COMMEND, applause, extol, praise, recommend, laud. COMMENSURATE, proportionate, COMPASSION, pity, sympathy, com- miseration. COMPATIBLE, consistent, suitable, agreeable. To COMPEL, force, oblige, neces- equal, adequate. COMMENT, annotation, note, ob-l sitate. servation, remark, elucida- COMPENDIOUS, summary, laconic, tion. j succinct, short, brief, con- COMMERCE, dealing, trade, traffic ; j cise. intercourse, communication. j To COMPENSATE. See COMPENSE. COMMERCIAL, mercantile, trading, j COMPENSATION, amends, satisfac- COMMISERATION, sympathy, com- 1 tion, remuneration, reward, re- passion, condolence. I quital, recompense. To COMMISSION, authorize, em- : To COMPENSE, make amends, corn- power, pensate, recompense, remune- To COMMIT, perpetuate; intrust, consign. COMMODIOUS, suitable, useful. rate, requite. COMPETENT, capable, efficient, able, qualified, fitted, clever, COMMODITY, advantage, profit ; j skilful, effective. wares, goods, merchandise. (COMPETITION, rivalry, emulation, COMMON, ordinary, vulgar, usual, ! contest. frequent, low, mean ; gene- ral. COMMONWEALTH, state, realm; To COMPLAIN, murmur, lament, regret, repine. COMPLAINING, querulous, queri- democracy, republic. COMMOTION, disturbance, tumult, j COMPLAISANCE, condescension, ci- To COMMUNICATE, impart, makej vility, courtesy, urbanity, sua- known, disclose. I vity. COMMUNICATION, commerce, inter- ; COMPLAISANT, courteous, affable; course. | civil, obliging. COMMUNICATIVE, free, open, libe-;To COMPLETE, accomplish, fulfil, ml. ! realize, effect, execute, achieve ; COMMUNION, fellowship, con- consummate, finish, fill up, ter- verse. j minate. COMMUNITY, society, common- COMPLETE, finished, perfect; wealth. ! whole, entire, total. To COMMUTE, exchange, barter, COMPLEX, compound, complicate, truck. composite, intricate. COMPACT, agreement, contract, COMPLIANT, yielding, submissive, covenant, close. complaisant. COMPANION, coadjutor, partner, To COMPLIMENT, praise, flatter, ally, associate, comrade, con-. To COMPLY, yield, accede, con- federate, accomplice. I sent, assent, acquiesce. COMPANY, association, assembly, To COMPOSE, form compound, put society, assemblage, corpora- j together, constitute; soothe, tion ; troop, crew, gang. ! calm, settle. COMPARISON, simile, similitude, j COMPOUND, complex, complicate, To COMPASS, encircle, environ, intricate. invest, enclose ; grasp, obtain, To COMPREHEND, comprise, em- attain, procure; bring about, brace, include; conceive, under- consummate, i stand. CON 2:JG COX COMPREHENSIVE, extensive; com- CONDITION, situation, state, pendious. plight, case, predicament; COMPREHENSION, capacity, know- article, term. ledge. CONDOLENCE, sympathy, commi- To COMPRESS, condense, press, seration, compassion. squeeze. : To CONDUCE, contribute, tend, COMPULSION, constraint, force. ! lead, conduct. COMPUNCTION, repentance, contri- , CONDUCT, carriage, deportment, tion, remorse, penitence. behavior, demeanor. To COMPUTE, calculate, count, To CONDUCT, guide, lead ; ma- nuinber, reckon, estimate, rate. nage, direct. To CONCEDE, give up, deliver, CONFEDERACY, alliance, league, surrender, yield, cede, admit, combination, coalition. allow, grant. CONFEDERATE, accomplice, ally. To CONCEAL, hide, secrete ; dis- To CONFER, bestow, give ; dis- guise, dissemble. ; course. CONCEIT, fancy, imagination ; CONFERENCE, conversation, dia- pride, vanity. logue, colloquy. CONCEITED, proud, opinionated, To CONFESS, acknowledge, avow, egotistical, vain. own, recognise. To CONCEIVE, apprehend, ima- To CONFIDE, trust, repose, defend, gine, suppose, comprehend, un-| rely. derstand. 'CONFIDENCE, assurance, hope, OX- CONCEPTION, notion, idea; per-i pectation, trust, reliance. ception. ! CONFIDENT, dogmatical, positive, CONCERN, care, regard, interest ; absolute. affair, business, matter. \ To CONFINE, limit, bound, circum- To CONCERT, contrive, manage. j scribe, restrict, restrain. To CONCILIATE, propitiate, recon- CONFINED, narrow, contracted, cile. j restrained. CONCISE, brief, short, com pen- To CONFIRM, corroborate, esta- dious, summary, succinct, la- blish. conic. ; CONFLICT, combat, contest. To CONCLUDE, close, finish, termi- To CONFORM, submit, yield, com- nate. j ply. CONCLUSION, inference, dcduc- : CONFORMABLE, agreeable, suita- tion. ! ble. CONCLUSIVE, decisive, convincing. CONFORMATION, form, figure. CONCOMITANT, accompaniment, To CONFOUND. See CONFUSE. comparison. | CONFUSION, disorder, distraction. CONCORD, harmony, unity. i To CONFUSE, abash, confound, dis- To CONCUR, agree, coincide, ap- concert. prove, acquiesce. CONFUSED, indiscriminate, indis- CONCUSSION, shock. tinct ; deranged, disordered ; To CONDEMN, blame, reprove, re- intricate, involved. proach, upbraid, censure, re- To CONFUTE, refute, disprove, probate ; doom, sentence. oppugn. To CONDENSE, compress, con- To CONGRATULATE, felicitate. tract. CONJECTURE' surmise, supposi- CONDESCENSION, preference, com- tion, guess. plaisance. CONJUNCTURE, crisis. cox COX temper, To CONNECT, unite, combine. I CONSTITUTION, frame, CONNECTED, joined, united, re-' temperament. late 1. : CONSTRAINT, compulsion ; confine- CONNECTION, union ; intercourse, meut. commerce, communication; fa- To CONSTRUCT, build, erect; com- mily. [ pile, constitute. To CONQUER, vanquish, subdue, I To CONSULT, advise with, deliber- overcune, subjugate, sur- ate; debate. mount. CONSULTATION, deliberation. CONSANGUINITY, kindred, tiousliip, affinity. CONSCIENTIOUS, scrupulous. rela- To CONSUME, up, waste, destroy, imbibe, enguiY, waste. CONTACT, touch. CONTAGIOUS, infectious, pestilen- tial. To CONTAIN, comprise, coin- embrace, include, preheud, bold. swallow absorb. CONSCIOUS, aware, apprised, sen- CONSUMMATION, completion, finish, sible. I perfection. To CONSECRATE, dedicate, devote, CONSUMPTION, decay, decline, hallow. CONSENT, assent, acquiescence, concurrence, approval. To CONSENT, assent, accede, com- ply, acquiesce, agree. CONSEQUENCE, effect, result, is- sue. Of CONSEQUENCE, avail, weight, importance, moment. CONSEQUENTLY, accordingly, there- fore. To CONSIDER, reflect, regard, pon- der, deliberate. CONSIDERATE, thoughtful, deliber- ate. To CONSIGN, commit, intrust. CONSISTENT, nant. To CONSOLE, solace, soothe. CONSONANT, accordant, ent. To CONTAMINATE, pollute, defile, corrupt, taint. To CONTEMN, despise, disdain, scorn. To CONTEMPLATE, meditate, muse. CONTEMPORARY, contemporane- ous, coeval. CONTEMPTIBLE, ordant, conso- despicable, temptuous. paltry, pitiful, dis- dainful, mean, vile. comfort, j To CONTEND, contest, debate, argue, dispute : strive, vie. consist- CONTENTION, strife, discord, dis- i sension, dispute. CONSPICUOUS, distinguished, not- j CONTENTMENT, acquiescence, sat- ed, eminent, prominent, illus-] isfaction, gratification. trious. ! To CONTEST, debate, argue, dis- CONSPIRACY, combination, cabal, | pute, contend. plot. I CONTIGUOUS, adjacent, adjoining, CONSTANCY, firmness, stability, | approximating to. steadiness. I CONTINENCE, chastity. CONSTANTLY, continually, inces-j CONTINGENCY, accident, casualty, samly. perpetually, ever; un-; incident, adventure, occurrence, chn*eabTy. j event. CONSTERNATION, alarm, fright, CONTINGENT, accidental, casual, terror. fortuitous, incidental. To CONSTITUTE, form, compose; CONTINUAL, perpetual, constant. appoint, dopu'.e. CONTINUALLY, always, constantly, CON 238 cou incessantly, perpetually, un- changeably. CONTINUATION, continuance, con- tinuity, duration. To CONTINUE in an attempt, per- severe, persist, prosecute, pur- sue. To CONTRACT, abbreviate, shorten, condense, abridge, reduce. CONTRACT, agreement, compact, bargain, covenant. To CONTRADICT, oppose, deny. CONTRARY, adverse, opposite, in- imical, repugnant. CONTRAST, opposition. To CONTRIBUTE, administer, min- ister, conduce. CONTRITION, compunction, repent- ance, penitence, remorse. CONTRIVANCE, device, plan, scheme, invention. To CONTROL, check, curb, restrain, govern. CONTROVERSY, debate, disputation, contest. CONTUMACIOUS, obstinate, stub- born, headstrong. CONTUMELY, obloquy, reproach, ignominy. To CONVENE, convoke, assem- ble. CONVENIENT, commodious, suita- ble, adapted. CONVENTION, assembly, meeting, convocation, company. CONVERSATION, dialogue, confer- ence, colloquy. CONVERSE, communion, discourse, conversation. To CONVERSE, speak, talk, dis- course, commune. To CONVEY, carry, transport, bear. CONVICT, malefactor, culprit, felon. CONVIVIAL, social, sociable. CONVOCATION, assembly, congre- gation, company, congress, meeting, diet, convention, synod, council. To CONVOKE, assemble, convene, call together. ] COOL, cold, frigid, dispassionate. COPIOUS, ample, abundant, exu- berant, plentiful, plenteous, full. COPY, model, transcription, imi- tation, counterfeit. COQUET, jilt, affected woman. CORDIAL, warm, hearty, sincere. CORNER, angle, extremity. CORPORAL, corporeal, bodily, ma- terial. CORPSE, body, carcass, corse. CORPULENT, stout, lusty, robust. To CORRECT, amend, emend, mend, better, rectify, reform, im- prove. CORRECT, accurate, exact, precise, faultless ; punctual, strict. CORRECTION, discipline, punish- ment, chastisement. CORRECTNESS, propriety, just- ness, exactness, exactitude, accuracy, precision, faultless- ness. CORRESPONDENT, answerable, suit- able. To CORROBORATE, confirm, estab- lish, strengthen. To CORRUPT, contaminate, defile, taint, pollute, infect, vitiate, adulterate, sophisticate. CORRUPTION, defilement, contami- nation, pollution, infection, adulteration ; depravity. To CORUSCATE, shine, radiate, glisten, sparkle, gleam. COST, price, charge, expense. COSTIVE, close, bound, styptic. COSTLY, valuable, precious. COUNCIL, assembly, company, meeting, congress, diet, conven- tion, convocation. COUNSEL, advice, instruction, no- tice, intelligence ; deliberation, consultation. To COUNT, calculate, compute, estimate, reckon, number, rate. To COUNTENANCE, encourage, sanction, support. COUNTERFEIT, spurious, supposi- titious, false. CRO OYX COUXTRYMAX, peasant, swain, rus- tic, hind, boor. COUNTRIFIED, rural, rustic. COUPLE, brace, pair. COURAGE, resolution, fortitude, firmness, fearlessness, bravery, boldness, COURAGEOUS, brave, gallant, dar- ing, valorous, valiant, bold, he- roic, intrepid, fearless. COURSE, way, road, route, passage, bent, bowed, awry, oblique; deformed, disfigured. CROSS, perverse, intractable, vex- atious, froward, peevish, petu- lant, untoward, fretful, splene- tic, ill-tempered. To CROSS, thwart, obstruct, em- barrass, hinder, impede, per- plex, retard. CROWD, multitude, throng, swarm. rase ; series, succession ; way, j CRUEL, inhuman, barbarous, mer- nvinner, method, mode. COURTEOUS, affable, conciliating, complaisant. COURTEOUSXESS, urbanity, civility, courtesy, affability, complai- sance, politeness. COVENANT, agreement, compact, contract, bargain. To COVER, shelter, screen, hide, overspread. COVERING, tegument. To COVET, desire, long for, hanker after. COVETOUSXESS, avarice, cupidity, inordinate desire. COWARD, poltroon, dastard. COWARDICE, timidity, pusillani- mity, fear. To CRACK, split, burst, break. ciless, pitiless, savage, fero- cious, brutal, unmerciful, inex- orable. To CRUSH, break, bruise; over- whelm. To CRY out, exclaim, shout, ejacu- late ; call. CULPABLE, faulty, blamable, coo- surable. CULPRIT. See CRIMINAL. CULTIVATION, culture, civilization, refinement. CUNNING, art; deceit, duplicity; crafty, sly, subtil, wily. CUPIDITY, avarice, covetousness, inordinate desire. To CURB, check, control, re- strain. To CURE, heal, remedy, restore. CRAFTY, cunning, artful, deceit- i CURIOUS, inquisitive, prying. ful, sly, subtil, wily. CRAPULOUS, drunken, inebriated, intoxicated. CRITICISM, animadversion, stric- ture, censure. To CRAVE, beg, entreat, solicit, beseech, implore. To CREATE, cause, produce, make, form, occasion. CURRENT, stream, tide. CURSE, malediction, execration, imprecation, anathema. CURSORY, slight, superficial, hasty, desultory, careless. To .CURTAIL, abbreviate, contract, abridge, shorten. CURVED, crooked, incurvated, bent. awry. CREDIT, belief, trust, confidence ;! CUSTODY, keeping guard. favor, influence ; name, reputa- CUSTOM, habit, manner, usage, tion, character. | practice, fashion ; prcscrip- CREW, company, band, gang. tion. CRIME, vice, sin, wickedness. j CUSTOM, tax, duty, impost, toll, CRIMINAL, culprit, convict, male- factor, felon. CRISIS, juncture, conjuncture. CRITERION, standard, measure. CROOKED, curved, incurvated, 10 tribute. To CUT off, amputate, sever, sepa- rate CYNICAL, snarling, snappish, waspish. DEC 240 DEF DECENT, becoming, comely, seem- D i ly, fit. DAILY, diurnal, quotidian. 'DECEPTION, duplicity, artifice, DAINTY, nice, delicate, squeam- guile, deception: fraud, trick, ish, scrupulous. imposition, double-dealing. DAMAGE, detriment, loss, hurt. To DECIDE, determine, conclude injury. upon, resolve. DAMPNESS, humidity, moistness. DECISION, judgment, sentence. DANGER, peril, hazard, risk, ven- DECISIVE, decided, conclusive, ture. ' convincing. To DARE, brave, challenge, defy;. To DECLAIM, inveigh, harangue. venture, presume. ; To DECLARE, state, affiim. assert, DARING, bold, brave, courageous, '. aver, asseverate, assure, pro- valorous, fearless, intrepid, he- ' nounce, protest, testify, utter, roic. i manifest, reveal, discover ; pro- DARK, opaque, obscure, dim, dis- 1 claim. nial, gloomy, mysterious. , To DECLINE, droop, sink, de- DATE, time, ' period, age, era, j viate ; decay ; refuse, repel, re- epoch. I ject. To DAUNT, dismay, appall, terrify, j To DECOLLATE, behead, decapi- frighten. ! tate. DEAD, inanimate, lifeless. | To DECORATE, adorn, embellish, DEADLY, mortal, fatal ; implaca- j ornament, beautify. ble. I DECORUM, decency, propriety. DEALING, commerce, trade, traf-jTo DECOY, allure, entice, in- fic. veigle, tempt, seduce, abduct. DEARTH, scarcity, famine. I To DECREASE, lessen, diminish, DEATH, decease, demise, depart- j abate, liquidate, lower, sub- ure. i side. To DEBAR, deprive, hinder, ex- 1 DECREE, edict, proclamation, ordi- clude. I nance. To DEBASE, abase, humble, de- j To DECRY, disparage, detract, grade, disgrace. cry down, depreciate, traduce, To DEBATE, argue, dispute, con- degrade. test. | To DEDICATE, devote, consecrate, To DEBILITATE, weaken, enervate, hallow. enfeeble. i To DEDUCE, derive, draw from, DEBILITY, weakness, infirmity, trace, infer. imbecility. To DEDUCT, subtract, separate, DEBT, due, obligation. j dispart. To DECAPITATE, behead, decol- i DEDUCTION, conclusion, infer- late, i ence. DECAY, decline, consumption. DEED, achievement, feat, exploit, DECEASE, death, demise, depart- accomplishment. ure. To DEEM, think, suppose, ima- DECEIT, duplicity, guile, art, cun- gine, believe. ning, deception, fraud, double- DEEPNESS, depth, profundity. dealing. To DEFACE, disfigure, deform. DECEITFUL, fallacious, delusive, To DEFAME, calumniate, accuse illusive, fraudulent, subtil. falsely, asperse, detract, scan- DECENCY, decorum, propriety. dalize, vilify, slander. DEL 241 DEP To DEFEAT, overpower, overcome, beat, rout ; baffle, disconcert, ; foil, frustrate. DEFECT, i'ault, blemish, flaw, im- perfection. DEFECTIVE, deficient, imperfect. To DEFEND, vindicate, justify; plead; exculpate; guard, pro- tect. DEFENDER, advocate, pleader, vin- dicator. DEFENSIBLE, justifiable. DEFENCE, apology, plea, excuse ; vindication, justification. To DEFER, postpone, delay, pro- tract, prolong, procrastinate, retard. DEFERENCE, condescension, com- plaisance; respect, submission. DEFICIENT, defective, imperfect. To DEFILE, corrupt, contaminate, taint, pollute, infect, vitiate. DEFINITE, positive, certain, exact, precise. DEFINITION, explanation, explica- tion, description. To DEFORM. See DEFACE. To DEFRAUD, cheat, trick, de- ceive. To DEFY, brave, dare, challenge. To DEGRADE, abuse, depress, dis- grace, humble, disparage, tra- duce, depreciate, decry. DEGREE, class, rank, order. DEJECTION, melancholy, depres- sion. To DELAY. See DEFER. DELEGATE, deputy, substitute, re- presentative. DELIBERATE, thoughtful, conside- rate, wary. To DELIBERATE, consult, seek, counsel, debate. DELIBERATION, thoughtfulness, circumspection, wariness, cau- tion. DELICATE, nice, fine, tender. DELIGHT, pleasure, joy, rapture, charm. DELIGHTFUL, charming, lovely, beautiful. To DELINEATE, depict, sketch, paint. DELINQUENT, offender, criminal, misdoer. To DELIVER, give up, surrender, yield, cede, concede; rescue, save. To DELUDE, deceive, impose upon, cheat, lead away. DELUGE, overflow, inundation. DELUSION, fallacy, illusion, cheat, guile. To DEMAND, ask for, claim, re- quire. DEMEANOR, behavior, deportment, carriage, conduct. DEMISE, death, decease, depart- ure. To DEMOLISH, destroy, dismantle, raze. To DEMONSTRATE, prove, evince, manifest. To DEMUR, pause, doubt, hesitate, object. To DENOMINATE, name, entitle, style, designate. DENOMINATION, name, title, appel- lation. To DENOTE, signify, imply, mark, betoken. DENSE, close, compact, heavy, thick. To DENY, oppose, contradict, re- fuse, disown, disclaim, disa- vow. DEPARTURE, exit, forsaking, aban- doning. DEPENDENCE, reliance ; trust, con- fidence. To DEPICT, delineate, paint, sketch, represent. To DEPLORE, bewail, bemoan, la- ment, mourn. DEPONENT, evidence, witness. DEPORTMENT. See DEMEANOR. DEPOSIT, pledge, security, pawn. DEPRAVED, abandoned, proili- gate, corrupt, vitiated, vi- cious. DEPRAVITY, corruption, vitiation; vice, wickedness. DES 242 DEX To DEPRECIATE, disparage, de- j tract, traduce, degrade, decry, lower. To DEPRESS, abase, degrade, humble, bring low, disgrace. DEPRESSION, dejection, melan- choly. To DEPRIVE, bereave, hinder, de- bar, abridge. DEPTH, profundity, deepness. To DEPUTE, constitute, appoint. DEPUTY, delegate, substitute, en- vov, representative. To DERANGE, disorder, disconcert, discompose. DERANGEMENT, insanity, madness, lunacy, mania. To DERIDE, mock, ridicule, rally, banter. To DERIVE, trace, deduce, infer. To DEROGATE, despise, degrade. To DESCRIBE, relate, recount, nar- rate, represent. DESCRIPTION, account, narrative, relation, recital, detail, expla- nation, narration. To DESCRY, discover, find out, espy. DESERT, merit, worth. To DESIGN, purpose, intend, pro- pose, mean, project, scheme. To DESIGNATE. See DENOMI- NATE. To DESIRE, wish, long for, han- ker after, covet, beg, soli- cit. To DESIST, leave off, cease, dis- continue. DESOLATE, solitary, desert, de- vastated. DESPAIR, desperation, despond- ency, hopelessness. To DESPATCH, hasten, accelerate, expedite, speed. DESPERATE, despairing, hopeless, desponding. DESPICABLE, contemptible, pitiful, mean, vile, worthless. To DESPISE, contemn, scorn, dis- dain. DESPONDENCY. See DESPAIR. DESPOTIC, arbitrary, absolute, self- willed. DESTINATION, destiny, purpose, appointment, fate, lot, doom. DESTITUTE, bare, scanty ; for- saken, forlorn. To DESTROY, demolish, consume, waste, annihilate, raze, dis- mantle, ruin. DESULTORY, loose, immethodical, cursory, hasty, slight, roving, wavering. To DETACH, separate, sever, dis- join. DETAIL, account, narrative, de- scription, relation, recital, ex- planation, narration. To DETAIN, hold, keep, retain. To DETECT, discover, convict. To DETER, discourage, dishearten. To DETERMINE, resolve, decide, conclude upon, fix, settle; limit, put an end to. DETERMINED, decided, fixed, reso- lute, firm. To DETEST, abhor, loathe, abomi- nate. To DETRACT, asperse, calumni- ate ; defame, scandalize, vilil'v, slander. DETRIMENT, disadvantage, hurt, injury, prejudice, loss, dam- age. DEVASTATION, ravage, desolation, havoc, waste. To DEVELOP, unfold, unravel, ex- hibit. To DEVIATE, swerve, stray, wan- der, err, digress. DETESTABLE, abominable, execra- ble, hateful. DEVICE, contrivance, invention, scheme, design. To DEVISE, contrive, invent, de- sign ; bequeath. DEVOID, vacant, empty, void. To DEVOTE, addict, apply, dedi- cate ; consecrate. DEVOUT, religious, holy, pious. DEXTERITY, ability, skilfuluess, adroitness, address. CIS 243 DIS DEXTROUS, clever, skilful, apt, ready, adroit, expert. DIALECT, tongue, language, speech, idiom. DiALO3UE, conversation, confer- ence, colloquy. To DICTATE, prescribe, suggest. ' DICTION, style, phrase, phraseolo- gy, expression. DICTIONARY, vocabulary, lexicon, nomenclature. To DIE, expire, perish, depart. DIET, food, regimen. To DIFFER, vary, disagree, dissent. DIFFERENCE, variety, contrariety, variance, dissimilitude, ine- quality. DIFFERENT, distinct, separate, di- verse, various ; unlike. DIFFICULT, hard, arduous. DIFFICULTY, obstacle, impediment, obstruction, trouble, trial, em- barrassment. DIFFIDENT, distrustful, suspicious ; modest, bashful. DIFFUSE, prolix, expansive, spread out. To DIGEST, dispose, arrange. DIGNIFIED, magisterial, stately, august, pompous, lofty. To DIGRESS, deviate, wander. To DILATE, enlarge, extend, ex- pand ; expatiate. DiLATORy, slow, tardy, tedious. DILIGENT, active, assiduous, ex- peditious, sedulous, persever- ing, laborious. DIM, obscure, dark, mysterious. To DIMINISH, liquidate, abate, de- crease, lessen, subside. DIMINUTIVE, small, little. To DIRECT, regulate, dispose, con- duct, manage. DIRECTION, address, superscrip- tion. DIRECTLY, immediately, promptly, instantly, instantaneously. DISABILITY, inability, weakness, incompetency. DISADVANTAGE, detriment, injury hurt, prejudice. To DISAGREE, differ, vary, dissent. DISAGREEMENT, dissension, divi- sion, discord. To DISAPPEAR, vanish. To DISAPPOINT, frustrate, foil, de- feat. DISAPPROBATION, displeasure, cen- sure. DISASTER, calamity, misfortune, mishap, mischance. To DISAVOW, disown, disclaim, deny. DISBELIEF, unbelief, skepticism. To DISCARD, dismiss, discharge. To DISCERN, distinguish, discover, penetrate, discriminate. DISCERNIBLE, perceptible, ascer- tainable, apparent, visible, evi- dent, manifest. DISCIPLE, follower, scholar, adhe- rent, partisan. DISCIPLINE, education, govern- ment; correction, punishment, chastisement. To DISCLAIM, disown, disavow, deny. To DISCLOSE, discover, reveal, make known, divulge. To DISCOMPOSE, disorder, discon- cert, derange. To DISCONCERT, unsettle, ruffle, discompose, derange, disorder, displace, confuse. To DISCONTINUE, cease, leave off, desist. DISCORD, disagreement, conten- tion, strife, dissension. To DISCOURAGE, deter, dishearten; dissuade. To DISCOVER, uncover, disclose, make known, communicate, impart, reveal ; detect,' find out. DISCREDIT, disgrace, reproach, scandal, disrepute, Ignominy, dishonor ; opprobrium, obloquy, shame. DISCRETION, judgment, prudence. DISCRIMINATION, discernment, judgment, acuteness, penetra- DIS 244 DIS DISDAIN, arrogance, haughtiness, j DISPOSAL, disposition, arrange- scorn, contempt. | ment. DISEASE, disorder, distemper, | To DISPOSE, arrange, place, re- malady. I gulate, order. To DISENTANGLE, disengage, ex- j DISPOSITION, temper, inclination, tricate. j To DISPROVE, refute, confute, op- To DISFIGURE, deface, deform. p u n - DISGRACE. See DISCREDIT. | To DISPUTE, argue, debate, con- To DISGRACE, degrade, abase, de-i test, contend, controvert. base, dishonor. i DISPUTE, altercation, quarrel, con- To DISGUISE, dissemble, con- ceal. DISGUST, aversion, dislike, dis- taste ; loathing, nausea. To DISHEARTEN, discourage, de- press. DISHONOR, disgrace, shame, oppro- brium. DISINCLINATION, dislike, aver- sion. To DISJOIN, separate, sever, dis- sever, detach. DISLIKE, aversion, antipathy, re- pugnance. DISMAL, dull, gloomy, sad. To DISMAY, appall, daunt, terrify. To DISMEMBER, disjoint, dislo- cate. DISMISS, discharge, discard. DISORDER, derangement, confu- sion ; disease, distemper, mala- dy- DISORDERLY, irregular, inordinate, intemperate. To DISOWN, disavow, disclaim, deny, renounce. To DISPARAGE, depreciate, dero- gate, detract, decry, degrade. DISPARITY, inequality, dissimili- tude, unlikeness. DISPASSIONATE, cool, calm. To DISPEL, dissipate, disperse. To DISPERSE, distribute, deal out; scatter, spread. To DISPLAY, exhibit, show, pa rade. To DISPLEASE, offend, vex, an ger. DISPLEASURE, dislike faction, distaste tion. test, difference. To DISREGARD, slight, neglect, contemn. DISSATISFACTION. See DISPLEA- SURE. To DISSEMBLE, disguise, conceal. To DISSEMINATE, spread, propa- gate, circulate, diffuse. DISSENSION, discord, contention. To DISSENT, differ, disagree,' vary. DISSERTATION, essay, treatise. tract. DISSIMULATION, simulation, deceit, hypocrisy. To DISSIPATE, disperse, dispel, expend, squander, waste. DISSOLUTE, loose, lax, vague, li- centious. DISTANT, far, remote. DISTASTE, dislike, dissatisfaction, disgust. DISTEMPER, disorder, disease, malady. DISTINCT, separate, different; plain, visible, obvious. DISTINCTION, difference; superi- ority, rank. DISTINCTLY, clearly, plainly, ob- viously. To DISTINGUISH, perceive, dis- cern ; discriminate ; signalize, j mark out. DISTINGUISHED, conspicuous, not- ! ed, eminent, illustrious. j To DISTORT, turn, twist, bend, j wrest, pervert. i DISTRACTED, discomposed, di dissatis-j turbed, perplexed, disapproba- j To DISTRESS, afflict, trouble, paii ! harass, perplex. DOO 24o DUP DISTRESS, anguish, agony, pain, [ DOUBT, hesitation, uncertainty, suffering ; adversity. suspense. diffi- To DISTRIBUTE, apportion, assign, To DOUBT, question, hesitate, allot, share. ] demur, scruple, waver. DISTRICT, region, division, tract, DOUBTFUL, dubious, uncertain, equivocal, ambiguous, ques- tionable, precarious. To DOZE, sleep, slumber, drowse, nap. To DRAG, draw, pull, haul, tug. To DRAIN, exhaust, expend. quarter, portion. DISTRUSTFUL, suspicious ; dent. To DISTURB, interrupt, trouble, molest, disquiet, tumultuate. DISTURBANCE, derangement, com- motion. To DIVE, plunge. To DRAW. See DRAG. To DIVE into, pry, scrutinize. To DRAW from, exact, DIVERS, different, several, sundry, i extract. extort, various. DIVERSION, .amusement, enter- tainment, recreation, sport, pas- time. To DIVERT, amuse, entertain. To DIVIDE, separate, part; dis- tribute, share. DIVINE, heavenly, godlike, holy, sacred. To DIVINE, guess, conjecture. DIVISION, part, share, portion, section. To DIVULGE, disclose, make known, communicate, reveal, discover, impart. DIURNAL, daily, quotidian. To Do, make, act ; effect, effectu- ate, accomplish, perform, exe- cute, achieve. DOCILE, tractable, ductile, pliant, yielding. DOCTRINE, dogma, tenet. DOGMATICAL, positive, confident, authoritative, magisterial. DOLEFUL, piteous, woful, rueful. DOMESTIC, servant, menial, drudge. DOMINEERING, imperious, lordly, overbearing. DOMINION, rule, empire, autho- rity ; reign, strength, force. DONATION, gift, present, alms. DOOM, fate, destiny, lot, sen- tence. DOUBLE-DEALING, deceit, duplicity deception, fraud, dishonesty. To DRAW back, withdraw, retreat, recede, retire. To DREAD, fear, stand in awe; apprehend. DREADFUL, fearful, frightful, ter- rific, awful, horrid, horrible, tremendous. DREGS, sediment, refuse, dross, cum, recrement. To DRENCH, steep, soak. DRIFT, scope, aim, tendency. DRESS, apparel, array, attire, gar- ments, vestments. DRINK, beverage, potion. DROLL, laughable, ludicrous, ridi- culous, comic, comical. To DROOP, languish, pine, sink, fade. DROSS. See DREGS. To DROWSE. See DOZE. DRUDGE, servant, domestic, me- nial. DRUDGERY, labor, toil, work. DRUNKENNESS, intoxication, ine- briety, crapulousness. DUBIOUS, doubtful, questionable, equivocal, ambiguous ; precari- ous, uncertain. DUCTILE, tractable, docilo. DRYNESS, drought, aridity. DUE, debt, right. DULL, stupid, heavy, UlWiy, gloomy, sail, dismal. DUMB, silent, mute, speechless. DUPLICITY-, deceit, deception, double-dealing, guile. EFF 246 EME DURABLE, lasting, permanent, constant, continuing. DUTIFUL, obedient, submissive, respectful. DUTY, business, office ; obedience, respect, obligation. DWELLING, abode, residence, do- micile, habitation. To DWELL, abide, stay, rest, so- journ ; reside, inhabit. EAGER, hot, ardent, vehement, im- petuous; forward. EAGERNESS, avidity, greediness. EARLY, soon, betimes. To EARN, acquire, obtain, gain, win. EARNEST, eager, serious : pledge. EASE, quiet, rest, repose ; light- ness, facility. To EASE, or calm, assuage, alle- viate, allay, mitigate, appease, pacifv. EBULLITION, effervescence, fer- mentation, a boiling over. ECCENTRIC, irregular, anoma- lous ; singular, odd, particular, strange. ECCLESIASTIC, divine, theolo- gian. ECONOMICAL, sparing, saving, thrifty, careful, frugal, par- simonious, niggardly, penuri- ous. ECSTASY, delight, rapture, trans- port. EDGE, border, rim, margin, brink, brim, verge. EDICT, decree, proclamation. EDIFICE, structure, fabric. EDUCATION, instruction, tuition, breeding. To EFFACE, blot out, expunge, rase, erase, obliterate, can- cel. To EFFECT, accomplish, fulfil, realize, achieve, complete, exe- cute. EFFECT, con sequence, result, issue, event. EFFECTS, goods, chattels, furni- ture, movables, property. EFFECTIVE, efficient, efficacious, effectual, operative. EFFEMINATE, feminine, female, womanish, tender. EFFETE, barren : worn out. EFFICIENT, competent, able, capa' ble, fitted, effectual, effective. EFFIGY, image, picture, like- ness. EFFORT, endeavor, exertion, essay, trial, attempt. EFFRONTERY, boldness, audacity, assurance, hardihood, impu- dence. EFFUSION, dispersion ; waste. EGOTISTICAL, conceited, vain, opi- nionated. ELDER, senior, older. To ELECT, choose, select, appoint. ELEGANT, graceful, beautiful. To ELEVATE, raise, lift, exalt, erect. ELIGIBLE, fit, worthy, preferable. ELOCUTION, eloquence, oratory, rhetoric. To ELUCIDATE, explain, illustrate, clear up. ELUCIDATION, explanation, expo- sition, annotation, comment. To ELUDE, evade, escape, avoid, shun. To EMANATE, arise, proceed, is- sue, spring, flow. To EMBARRASS, entangle, perplex, distress, trouble. To EMBELLISH, adorn, decorate, beautify, deck, illustrate. EMBLEM, figure, type, symbol, adumbration, allusion. To EMBRACE, clasp, hug ; com- prise, comprehend, contain, in- clude. EMBRYO, fetus, germ; unfinished, imperfect. To EMEND, amend, correct, bet- ter, mend, reform, rectify ; im- prove. To EMERGE, rise, issue, emanate, coino forth. END 247 ENS EMERGENCY, exigency, neces- ; ENDLESS, eternal, everlasting, sitj- I interminable, perpetual, iuti- E.MINENT, distinguished, conspicu-i nite. ous. noted, prominent; elevated, To ENDOW, endue, invest. illustrious j ENDOWMENT, gift, talent. EMISSARY, spy, secret agent. i ENDURANCE, fortitude, patience, T i EMIT, send forth, evaporate, resignation. exhale. j To ENDURE, support, bear, suffer, EMOLUMENT, gain, profit, lucre,! sustain. advantage. j ENEMY, foe, opponent, antagonist, EMOTION, agitation, trepidation, i adversary- tremor. ! ENERGY, force, vigor, strength, EMPHASIS, stress, accent. i potency, efficacy. EMPIRE, dominion, power, reign ; To ENERVATE, enfeeble, weaken, kingdom, state. | unnerve, debilitate. EMPLOYMENT, business, avocation, ' To ENGAGE, attract, invite, allure, engagement, office, trade, pro-j entertain. fes.sion, occupation. ENGAGEMENT, avocation, business, To EMPOWER, authorize, commis- employment, occupation, office, sion ; enable. j profession ; word, promise ; EMPTY, void, devoid, vacant,] battle, combat. vacuous, unfilled. i To ENGENDER, breed, generate, EMULATION, rivalry, competi- tion. To ENCHANT, charm, fascinate, produce. ENGRAVING, picture, print. To ENGROSS, absorb, swallow captivate, enrapture. j up, imbibe ; monopolize. To ENCIRCLE, enclose, embrace ; \ To ENGULF, swallow up, absorb, surround, environ, circum-i engross. scribe. ! ENJOYMENT, pleasure, fruition, ENCOMIUM, eulogy, panegyric, ; gratification. praise. ! To ENLARGE, increase, extend, To ENCOMPASS. See ENCIR- CLE. lengthen. To ENLIGHTEN, illumine, illumi- ENCOUNTER, attack, combat, as- 1 natc. sault. To ENCOURAGE, countenance, To ENLIST, enroll, register, re- cord. sanction, support, foster, che- i To ENLIVEN, animate, inspire, rish ; animate, embolden, cheer; i exhilarate, cheer, incite, urge, impel, stimulate, j ENMITY, animosity, hostility, instigate. I hatred, ill-will, malignity. To ENCROACH, intrude, intrench, ENORMOUS, huge, vast, immense, infringe, invade. i prodigious. To ENCUMBER, load, clog; im- ENOUGH, sufficiency, plenty, pede, hinder. ' abundance. END, aim, object, purpose; close, To ENRAGED irritate, incense, ag termination, extremity, sequel, : gravate, incite, stimulate, ex- finish : asperate, inflame. To ENDEAVOR, attempt, try, aim, To ENRAPTURE. See E essav, strive. To ENROLL. See ENLIST. ENDEAVOR, aim, effort, exertion, ENSAMPLE, example, pattern, attempt. To ENSLAVE, captivate. ERA 248 To ENSUE, follow, succeed. To ENTANGLE, perplex, embar- rass, inveigle, inquire, impli- cate, infold, involve, entrap. ENTERPRISE, undertaking, adven- ture, attempt. ENTERPRISING, adventurous. To ENTER upon, begin, com- mence. To ENTERTAIN, amuse, divert. ENTERTAINMENT, amusement, di- version, recreation, pastime, sport; feast, banquet, carousal, treat. ENTHUSIAST, visionary, fanatic. To ENTICE, allure, attract, decoy, tempt, seduce, abduct. ENTIRE, whole, complete, perfect, integral, total. To ENTITLE, name, designate, de- nominate, style, characterize. To ENTRAP. See ENTANGLE. To ENTREAT, beg. crave, soli- cit, beseech, implore, suppli- cate. ENTREATY, petition, prayer, re- quest, suit. To ENVEIGLE. See ENTANGLE. To ENVIRON. See ENCIRCLE. ENVY, jealousy, suspicion, grudg- ing. EPICURE, voluptuary, sensualist. To EPITOMIZE, abridge, reduce, condense. EPOCH, time, period, era, age, date. To EQUIP, fit out, prepare, qua- lify. EQUAL, equable, uniform ; ade- quate, proportionate, commen- surate; equivalent. EQUAL to, adequate, commensu- rate, prop< rtionate. EQUITABLE, Just, fair, honest, rea- sonable. EQUIVOCAL, ambiguous, doubt- ful. To EQUIVOCATE, evade, prevari- cate. ERA, time, point, period, date, epoch, age. j To ERADICATE, extirpate, root out, exterminate. To ERASE, blot out, expunge, rase, efface, obliterate, can- cel. To ERECT, set up, raise, elevate, construct; institute, establish, found. ERRAND, mission, message. ERROR, mistake, blunder, fault. ERUDITION, learning, knowledge, science. ERUPTION, explosion, breaking out. To ESCAPE, elude, evade. | To ESCHEW, avoid, shun, elude. To ESCORT, attend, accompany, wait on. ESPECIALLY, particularly, spe- j cia..y, principally, chiefly. To ESPY, discern, discover, find out, descry. ESSAY, attempt, trial, endea- vor, effort; tract, treatise, dis- sertation. ESSENTIAL, necessary, indispensa- ble, requisite. To ESTABLISH, confirm, settle, fix, institute, found. To ESTEEM, prize, value, appre- ciate ; respect. ESTEEM, regard, respect, prize, value, revere. To ESTIMATE, count, calculate, compute, reckon, number, rate, j appraise; appreciate, esteem, i value. ! ETERNAL, everlasting, bound- ! less, interminable, endless, in- finite. EULOGY, encomium, panegyric. To EVADE, escape, elude; equivo- cate, prevaricate. To EVAPORATE, exhale, emit. EVASION, shift, subterfuge ; pre- varication, equivocation. EVEN, equal, equable, uniform ; smooth, plain, level. EVENT, incident, occurrence, ad- venture, issue, consequence, re- sult, accident. EXE C40 EXP lfil, sum- EVER, always, perpetually, con- To EXECUTE, accomplish, tinually, incessuntly.unceasing- realize, effect, achieve, con ]y, constantly. j ma te, complete, finish. EVERLASTING. See ETERNAL. [EXEMPTION, freedom, immunity, EVIDENCE, testimony, deposition, privilege. proof; deponent, witness. | To EXERCISE, exert, practise, car- EVIL, bad, wicked; misfortune, 1 ry on. harm, mischief, ill. (To EXHALE, emit, evaporate. To EVINCE, argue, prove, mani-;To EXHAUST, spend, drain, fest, demonstrate. j empty. To EXACT, extort, draw from. To EXHIBIT, show, display. EXACT, accurate, correct, precise, [EXHIBITION, show, sight, specta- nice. ! cle, representation. To EXALT, raise, elevate, erect, To EXHILARATE, animate, inspire, lift up. enliven, cheer. EXAMINATION, search, inquiry, ! To EXHORT, persuade, incite. research, scrutiny, iuvestiga-j To EXHUME, unbury, disint tion ; discussion. EXAMPLE, pattern, ensample, pre- cedent. To EXASPERATE, aggravate, pro- voke, excite, irritate. To EXCEED, excel, surpass, tran- scend, outdo. EXCELLENCE, superiority, perfec- tion. EXCEPT, unless, besides. EXIGENCY, emergency, neces- sity. EXILE, banishment, expulsion, proscription. To EXONERATE, exculpate, relieve, absolve, clear; acquit, discharge, justify. To EXPAND, spread, diffuse, di- late. To EXPECT, look for, await. EXCEPTION, objection, difficulty. EXPECTATION, hope, anticipation, EXCESS, superfluity, redundance ; | confidence, trust. intemperance. EXPEDIENT, lit, necessary, essen- To EXCHANGE, change, barter, I tial, requisite. truck, commute. To EXPEDITE, accelerate, quicken, EXCHANGE, interchange, recipro- city ; barter, dealing, trade, traffic. To EXCITE, incite, awaken, arouse, stimulate, provoke, irri- tate. To EXCLAIM, call, shout, cry. To EXCULPATE, exonerate, ab- solve, acquit, justify. EXCURSION, jaunt. To EXCUSE, exculpate, absolve, hasten. EXPEDITIOUS, prompt, diligent, speedy, quick. To EXPEL, cast out, banish, exile. To EXPEND, spend, dissipate, waste. EXPENSE, cost, price, charge. EXPENSIVE, costly, dear, sumptu- ous, valuable. ramble, tour, trip EXPERIENCE, experiment, trial, proof, test, acquit. EXPERT, clever, dextrous, adroit, EXCUSE, pretence, pretension, pre-j skilful. text. jTo EXPIATE, atone for, blot EXECRABLE, abominable, detest- 1 out. able, hateful, accursed. ! To EXPLAIN, expound, interpret, EXECRATION, curse, malediction, 1 elucidate. imprecation. EXPLANATION, exphcat.on, rcci- FAB 250 FAR tnl, account, description, detail, i elation. EXPLICIT, express, plain, defi- nite. EXPLOIT, achievement, feat, deed, accomplishment. To EXPLORE, search, pry into. EXPOSED, subject, liable, obnox- ious. EXPOSTULATE, remonstrate, alter- cate, discuss. To EXPOUND, explain, interpret, unfold. EXPRESS, explicit, plain, defi- nite. To EXPRESS, declare, utter, signi- fy, testify, intimate. EXPRESSIVE, significant. To EXPUNGE, blot out, erase, ef- face, obliterate. To EXTEND, enlarge, increase, stretch out. EXTENSIVE, comprehensive, wide, large. EXTENUATE, palliate, lessen, di- minish. EXTERIOR, outward, external. To EXTERMINATE, extirpate, era- dicate, root out, destroy. EXTERNAL, exterior, outward. To EXTOL, praise, laud, applaud, commend. To EXTORT, exact, draw from. EXTRAORDINARY, remarkable, un- common, eminent. EXTRAVAGANT, prodigal, lavish, profuse, excessive. EXTREME, extremity, end, termi- nation. To EXTRICATE, disengage, disen- tangle, disembarrass. EXTRINSIC, extraneous, foreign. EXUBERANT, plenteous, luxuriant, plentiful, abundant. EXULTATION, transport, joy. FABRIC, edifice, structure. To FABRICATE, invent, frame, feign, forge. FABRICATION, fiction, falsehood, invention. To FACE, confront. FACE, countenance, visage. FACETIOUS, pleasant, jocular, jo- cose. FACILITY, ease, lightness. FACT, incident, circumstance. FACTION, party, junta, junto. FACULTY, ability, talent, gift, en- dowment. FAILING, failure, imperfection, weakness, frailty, foible; mis- carriage, misfortune. FAINT, languid, weak, low. FAIR, clear; honest, equitable, reasonable. FAITH, belief, trust, credit, fideli- ty- FAITHFUL, trusty. FAITHLESS, perfidious, unfaithful, treacherous. To FALL, drop, sink, tremble, droop. To FALL short, fail, be deficient, FALLACIOUS, deceitful, fraudulent, delusive, illusive. FALSEHOOD, untruth, fiction, fabri- cation, falsity. To FALTER, hesitate, waver. FAME, reputation, renown, cele- brity, credit, honor ; report, rumor. j FAMILIAR, free, affable ; inti- mate. FAMILIARITY, acquaintance, in- timacy, affability, fellow- ship. FAMILY, house, lineage, race. FAMOUS, celebrated, renowned, illustrious, eminent, distin- guished, transcendent, excel- lent, FANATIC, enthusiast, visionary. FANCIFUL, fantastical, whimsical, capricious, ideal. FANCY, imagination, conceit, ideality. FAR, distant, remote. FARE, provision ; journey, pa..- FEL 251 FIT FAREWELL, taking leave, valedic- tion. To FASCINATE, charm, enrapture, enchant. FASHION', custom, manner, prac- tice, mode. To FASHION, form, mould, shape. To FASTEN, fix, stick, hold; affix, attach, anne'x. FASTIDIOUS, squeamish, over- nice. FATAL, deadly, mortal. FATE, destiny, lot, doom ; chance, fortune. FATIGUE, weariness, lassitude. FAVOR, benefit, kindness, civility, grace. IAVORABLE, auspicious, propi- tious. FAULT, blemish, defect, imperfec- tion, vice, error, failing. To FAWN, coax, wheedle, cajole. To FEAR, apprehend, dread. FEAR, fright, apprehension, terror, alarm, consternation, trepida- tion, dread. FEARFUL, afraid, timid, timorous ; dreadful, frightful, horrible, distressing. FEARLESS, brave, bold, courage- ous, undaunted, daring, valor- ous, heroic, intrepid, magnani- mous. FEASIBLE, specious, colorable, plausible. FEAST, banquet, carousal, treat, entertainment, festival. FEAT, achievement, exploit, deed, accomplishment. FEEBLE, weak, infirm. FEELING, sensibility, sensation, consciousness, susceptibility ; kindness, generosity. To FEIGN, pretend, dissemble ; invent, forge. To FELICITATE, -make joyful, de- light ; congratulate. FELICITY, happiness, bliss, bless- edness, beatitude. FELLOWSHIP, society ; acquaint- ance, intimacy, familiarity. FELON, criminal, culprit, malefac- tor. FENCE, guard, security. FEROCIOUS, fierce, savage, raven- ous. FERTILE, fruitful, prolific, produc- tive. FERTILITY, fruitfulness, fecundity, productiveness. FERVOR, ardor, warmth, vehe- mence. FEUD, affray, fray, quarrel, broil, dispute. FICKLE, changeable, variable, in- constant, unstable, wavering, versatile. FICTION, falsehood, fabrication, invention. FIDELITY, faith, honesty, integ- rity. FIERCE, ferocious, savage. FIERY, hot, ardent, passionate, fervent, impetuous. FIGHT, conflict, combat, contest, encounter, contention, battle, engagement, struggle. FIGURE, form, semblance, shape; metaphor, allegory, emblem. FILTHY, nasty, foul, unclean, dirty, gross. FINAL", ultimate, last, latest, con- clusive ; decisive. To FIND out, discover, descry, de- tect ; ascertain. FINE, delicate, pure, nice; hand- some, pretty, beautiful, elegant, showy. A FINE," mulct, penalty, forfeiture, amercement. FINESSE, artifice, trick, stratagem, delusion, deceit, guile. To FINISH, perfect, complete, con- clude, terminate, close. FINITE, limited, bounded, termi- nable. FIRM, stable, solid, robust, strong, sturdy. FIRST, primary, primitive, pris- tine, original. To FIT, suit, adapt, adjust ; equip, prepare, qualify. FON FOR FIT, apt, suitable, meet; becom-j ing, decent; expedient. FITTED, competent, adapted, qualified, suited. To Fix, fasten, attach, stick ; set- tle, establish, limit, determine ; institute, appoint. To FLAG, decline, droop, languish, pine. FLAGITIOUS, flagrant, heinous, atrocious. FLAT, level : insipid, dull, spirit- less, tasteless, vapid, inanimate, lifeless. FLATTERY, false compliment, adu- lation, obsequiousness, syco- phancy, parasitism. FLAVOR, taste, relish, savor. FLAW, blemish, spot, speck, crack, defect. FLEETING, temporary, transient, transitory. FLEETNESS, quickness, celerity, swiftness, rapidity, velocity. FLEXIBLE, pliant, supple. FLISIITINESS, levity, lightness, giddiness, volatility. FLIMSY, light, weak, superficial, shallow. To FLIRT, jeer, gibe, scoff, taunt. To FLOURISH, thrive, prosper. To FLUCTUATE, waver, hesitate, vacillate, scruple. To FLUTTER, palpitate, undulate, vibrate, pant. FOE, enemy, opponent, antago- nist, adversary. FOIBLE, imperfection, failing, frailty, weakness. To FOIL, defeat, frustrate, disap- point. FOLKS, persons, people, individu- als. To FOLLOW, succcel, ensue; imi- tate, copy ; pursue. A FOLLOWER, adherent, disci- ple, partisan ; pursuer, succes- sor. FOLLY, weakness, irrationality ; foolery. To FONDLE, caress. FONDNESS, affection, attachment, kindness, love To FORSAKE, abandon, desert, re~ nounce, abdicate, relinquish, quit, give up, forego FOOD, diet, regimen. FOOL, idiot, buffoon. FOOLERY, folly, absurdity. FOOLHARDY, adventurous, rash, incautious, venturesome, ven- turous, hasty, precipitate. FOOLISH, simple, silly, irrational; | . ridiculous, preposterous. j FODTSTEP, trace, track, mark. I FOPPISH, finical, spruce, dandy- 'sh. To FORBEAR, abstain, refrain, withhold. To FORBID, interdict, prohibit. FORECAST, forethought, foresight, premeditation. FORCE, strength, vigor, might, energy, power, violence. To FORCE, compel, constrain, oblige, necessitate. FORCIBLE, strong, cogent, irresisti- ble. To FOREBODE, augur, presage, portend, betoken. FOREFATHER, progenitor, ances- tor. FOREGOING, antecedent, anterior, previous, prior, former, preced- ing. FOREIGN, extraneous, exotic, ex- trinsic. FORERUNNER, precursor, harbin- ger, messenger. FORESIGHT. See FORECAST. To FORETELL, predict, prophesy, prognosticate, presage, betoken, augur, portend. FORETHOUGHT, foresight, forecast, premeditation. FORFEITURE, fine, mulct, penalty, amercement. " To FORGE, invent, frame, feign, fabricate, counterfeit. | FORGETFULNESS, oblivion. To FOR-.IVE, pardon, absolve, re- | mit, u;:r;u'.t, excuse. FRA 253 F11U FORLORN, forsaken, destitute. | To FRAME, invent, fabricate foree FORM, ngure, shape, conforma- feign. tion, fashion, appearance, re- FRANK, artless, candid, free open presentation, semblance; cere- ingenuous, plain. mony, observance, rite. To FORM, make, create, produce, constitute ; fashion, mould, shape. FORMAL, ceremonious, precise, igeriuous, FRATERNITV, brotherhood. FRAUD, deceit, guile, cheat, impo- sition. FRAY, affray ; quarrel, broil, feud, altercation. exact, stiff, methodical. [FREAK, whim, caprice. FORMER, antecedent, anterior, i FREE, liberal, generous, bountiful, previous, prior, preceding, fore-; munificent, unconstrained, un- S"' n o- | confined, unreserved; familiar, FORMERLY, anciently, in times! easy, frank, candid, ingenuous ; past, in days of yore. exempt, clear. FORMIDABLE, terrible, tremen-jTo FREE, set free, deliver, libe- dous, shocking. ! rate, affranchise. To FORSAKE, abandon, desert, re- ' FREEDOM, liberty, independence, nounce; abdicate. ' unrestraint; familiarity; ex- FORSAKEN, abandoned, forlorn, ! emption, privilege. destitute. To FORSWEAR, perjure. To FORTIFY, strengthen, rate. invigo FREIGHT, cargo, lading, load, bur- den. _ To FREQUENT, resorfto, haunt, FREQUENTLY, often, comuionlv, FORTITUDE, resolution, courage, usually, generally. bravery. FORTUITOUS, accidental, casual, contingent, incidental. FORTUNATE, lucky, prosperous, successful. FORTUNE, chance, fate. FORWARD, onward, progressive; FRESH, new, novel, recent, dern. To FRET, gall, rub, chafe; agi- tate, vex. FRETFUL, splenetic, peevish, petu- lant, captious. FRIENDLY, amicable ; social, socia- confident, presumptuous, modest. im- ! ble. | FRIGID, cool, cold. To FORWARD, advance, promote, ! FRIGHT, alarm, terror, consterna- prefer. ! tion. To FOSTER, cherish, indulge, har- bor. FOUL, nasty, filthy, defiled. To FOUND, ground, res institute, establish. build ; To FRIGHTEN, affright, intimi- date. FRIGHTFUL, fearing, dreadful, ter- rific, horrid, horrible. FRIVOLOUS, trifling, trivial, petty. FOUNDATION, ground, basis; esta- FROLIC, gambol, prank, spree. blishment, settlement. !FROWARD, awkward, cross, unto- FOUNTAIN, spring, source. ward, perverse. FRACTION, part, piece. FRUGAL, economical, saving, par- FRACTURE, rupture, breach. simonious. Fit VULE, brittle, weak, frail. FRUITFUL, fertile^ prolific, preg- FRAILTY, weakness, imperfection, j nant, productive, abundant, failing, foible. l plentiful. FRAME, temper, temperament, FRUITIOV, enjoyment, gratifica- constitution. i tion. GAZ 254 GLO FRUITLESS, ineffectual, vain, abor- tive. FRUSTRATE, defeat, foil, disap- point. To FULFIL, accomplish, realize, effect, complete. FULLY, largely, copiously, abun- dantly, completely. FULNESS, plenitude, complete- ness, satiety, copiousness, abun- dance. FUNCTION, office, place, charge. FURIOUS, violent, boisterous, ve- hement, impetuous, angry. To FURNISH, provide, procure, supply. FURNITURE, goods, chattels, mov- ables, effects. FURY, madness, frenzy, rage, anger. FUTILE, trifling, trivial, frivolous, useless. ^ G To GAIN, get, acquire, obtain, at- tain, procure ; win. GAIN, profit, emolument, advan- tage, lucre, benefit. GAIT, carriage, walk. GALE, breeze, blast, gust; hurri- cane, tempest, storm. To GALL, rub, chafe, fret, vex. GALLANT, brave, courageous, daring, valorous, valiant, bold, heroic, intrepid, fear- less. GAMBOL, frolic, prank, spree. GAME, play, sport, amusement, pastime. GANG, band, company, crew. GAP, chasm, cleft, breach, break. To GAPE, gaze, stare. GARRULITY, loquacity, babbling, talkativeness. To GATHER, assemble, muster, collect. GAUDY, showy, gay, glittering. GAY, cheerful, merry, sprightly, debonnair. To GAZE, gape, stare. GENERALLY, commonly, fre- quently, usually. GENERATION, race, breed GENEROUS, beneficent, bountiful, munificent, liberal, bounteous GENIUS, intellect, invention, ta- lent, taste. GENTEEL, refined, polished, po- lite. GENTLE, mild, meek^tame. GENUINE, real, unalloyed, unadul- terated, not spurious. Not GENUINE, spurious, supposi- titious, adulterated. To GERMINATE, bud, sprout, grow. GESTURE, gesticulation, action, posture, attitude. To GET, acquire, obtain, attain, gain, procure, realize. GHASTLY, hideous, grim, grisly. GHOST, spectre, apparition, phan- tom, vision. To GIBE, scoff, sneer, jeer, mock, taunt. GIDDINESS, lightness ; flightiness, levity, volatility. GIFT, donation, benefaction, gra- tuity, present; endowment, ta- lent, To GIVE, grant, bestow, confer, yield. To GIVE up, abandon, forsake, renounce, dedicate, relinquish, quit. GLAD, pleased, cheerful, joyful, ex- hilarated, delighted, gratified. GLANCE, glimpse, look. GLARE, flare, blaze, glitter, radia- tion. To GLEAM, glimmer. To GLIDE, slip, slide. To GLITTER, shine, sparkle, glare, radiate. GLOBE, circle, sphere, ball, orb. GLOOM, heaviness, sadness, dull- ness, sullenness, moroseness,. spleen. To GLORY, boast, vaunt. To GLOSS, varnish, palliate, cover, hide. GRI 255 HAR GLOSSARY, lexicon, dictionary, vocabulary. To GLUT, satisfy, satiate, cloy. GODLIKE, divine, heavenly, super- human. GODLY, righteous, holy, pious. To Go before, precede. GOOD, benefit, advantage, profit. GOOD office, service, benefit. GOODS, furniture, chattels, effects, movables ; commodities, wares, merchandise. GOVERNMENT, rule, administra- tion, regulation, constitu- tion. GRACE, face, kindness, benefi- cence. GRACEFUL, becoming, comely, ele- gant. GRACIOUS, merciful, kind, benig- nant. GRAND, majestic, stately, pomp- ous, august, dignified, lofty, elevated, exalted, splendid, magnificent, sublime, noble. To GRANT, give, yield, concede, cede, allow; bestow, con- fer. GRANT, allowance, stipend; con- cession. To GRASP, lay hold on, catch, seize, gripe. GRATEFUL; agreeable, pleasing, welcome ; thankful. GRATIFICATION, enjoyment, frui- tion, pleasure. GRATITUDE, thankfulness. GRATUITOUS, voluntary. GRATUITY, gift, recompense. GRAVE, serious, sedate, thought- ful, solemn, sober; important, weighty. GRAVE, tomb, sepulchre. GREAT, big, large. See also GRAND. GREATNESS, magnitude, bulk, size. GREEDINESS, avidity, eagerness, voracity. GREETING, salutation. GRIEF, affliction, sorrow. 17 GRIEVANCE, hardship, uneasi- ness. To GRIEVE, mourn, lament, sor- row, bewail. GRIM, hideous, grisly, ghastly. To GRIPE, lay hold on, catch, seize, grasp ; press, squeeze, pinch. To GROAN, moan. GROSS, coarse ; unseemly, shame- r ful. To GROUND, found, rest, base. GROUP, assembly, assemblage, | collection. j To GROW, increase. GRUDGE, malice, rancor, spite, pique. To GUARANTY, answer for, war- rant, secure. GUARD, fence, security, shield, defence. To GUESS, conjecture, divine, sur- mise, suppose. GUEST, visitant, visitor. To GUIDE, lead, conduct, direct, regulate. GUILE, deceit, fraud. GUILTLESS, innocent, harmless. GUISE, manner, mien, habit. GULF, abyss. To GUSH, stream, flow. GUST, breeze, blast, gale. HABIT. H See GUISE. HABITATION, dwelling, residence, abode. To HALE, draw, drag, haul, pull, tug. To HALLOW, consecrate, dedicate, sanctify. HANDSOME, pretty, beautiful, fine. To HANKER after, desire, long for, covet. HANGING over, impending, immi- nent. HAPPINESS, felicity, bliss, beati- tude. HARANGUE, address, speech, ora- tion. To HARASS, distress, perplex, HAU 256 IIIL weary, tire, jade ; molest, dis- turb. HARBINGER, forerunner, precur- sor, messenger. HARBOR, port, haven. To HARBOR, lodge, shelter; in- dulge, cherish, foster. HARD, firm, solid ; hardy, unfeel- ing, insensible; difficult, ardu- ous. HARD-HEARTED, insensible, un- feeling, cruel, unmerciful, mer- ciless. HARDENED, hard, callous, obdu- rate, unfeeling, insensible, im- penetrable. HARDIHOOD, audacity, effrontery, boldness. HARDLY, scarcely, with difficulty. HARDSHIP, grievance. HARM, evil, ill, misfortune, mis- hap; injury, damage, hurt. HARMLESS, unconscious, inno- cent ; inoffensive, unoffend- ing. HARMONY, agreement, accord- ance, unison ; melody. HARSH, rough, severe, rigorous. HARSHNESS, acrimony, asperity, smartness, tartness. To HASTEN, accelerate, quicken, expedite. HASTINESS, precipitancy, rash- ness, temerity. HASTY, quick; irascible, pas- sionate, angry, hot; cursory, slight. To HATE, detest, abhor, loathe, abominate. HATEFUL, odious, detestable, execrable, abominable, loath- some. HATRED, aversion, antipathy, repugnance, enmity, ill-will, rancour. HAVEN, harbor, port. HAUGHTINESS, arrogance, disdain, pride, loftiness, highminded- ness. To HAUL, draw, drag, hale, pull, tug. HAZARD, danger, peril, chance, risk, venture. HEAD, chieftain, leader, chief. HEADSTRONG, heady, obstinate, stubborn, forward, venture- some. To HEAL, cure, remedy. HEALTHY, sound, sane ; salu- brious, wholesome, salutary, salutiferous. To HEAP, pile, amass, accumu- late. To HEAR, hearken, overhear. To HEARKEN, attend, listen. HEARSAY, rumor, report. HEARTY, warm, cordial, sincere. HEATING, calorific, calefactory. To HEAVE, hoist, lift, swell. HEAVENLY, celestial, divine, god- like, angelic. HEAVINESS, weight, gravity, gloom. HEAVY, burdensome, ponderous, weighty, dull, drowsy, slug- gish. To HEED, attend to, mind, regard, notice. HEEDLESS, inattentive, negligent, remiss, careless, thoughtless. HEIGHT, crisis, acme. To HEIGHTEN, raise, aggravate. HEINOUS, flagrant, fla.gitious, atro- cious. To HELP, aid, assist, succor, re- lieve ; serve. HERESY, heterodoxy, schism. HEROIC, brave, courageous, gal- lant, valiant, bold, intrepid, fearless. To HESITATE, falter, pause ; de- mur, scruple. HIDDEN, secret, latent, occult, mysterious. To HIDE, conceal, disguise, se- crete, cover; shelter, screen; dissemble. HIDEOUS, ghastly, grim, grisly, frightful. HIGH, tall, lofty, elevated. HILARITY, mirth, merriment, jo- viality, jollity. HUM 257 ILL HIND, countryman, peasant, swain, rustic. To HINDER, prevent, impede, ob- struct, oppose, thwart, retard, stop, embarrass. To HINT, allude, refer, glance at, intimate, suggest. HIRE, allowance, stipend, salary wages, pay. HIRELING, mercenary, venal. To HIT, strike, beat. To HOARD, treasure, heap up. To HOIST, lift, heave. To HOLD, keep, detain, retain ; support, maintain, possess, oc- cupy. HOLINESS, sanctity, piety, devo- tion. HOLLOW, vacant, empty, void. HOLY, pious, devout, religious; sacred, divine. HOLYDAY, feast, festival. HONESTY, integrity, purity, pro- bity, sincerity, veracity, virtue, justice, equity, uprightness, rectitude, honor. To HONOR, reverence, venerate, respect, revere; dignify, ex- alt. HOPE, expectation, anticipation, trust, confidence. HOPELESS, desperate, desponding, despairing. HORRIBLE, fearful, dreadful, frightful, terrible, terrific, hor- rid. HOSTILE, inimical, repugnant, adverse, opposite, contrary. HOSTILITY, animosity, enmity, op- position. HOT, ardent, burning, fiery. HOUSE, family, lineage, race; habitation, dwelling. HOWEVER, yet, nevertheless, not- withstanding. HUE. color, tint. To HUG, clasp, embrace, squeeze. HUGE, large, vast, enormous, im- mense. HUMANITY, kindness, benevolence, benignity, tenderness. I To HUMBLE, debase, abase, de- I grade, disgrace, humiliate. | HUMBLE, lowly, modest, submis- sive, unpretending, unpresum- ing, unassuming. HUMIDITY, moisture, dampness. HUMOR, temper, mood, frame ; caprice, disposition; wit, bur- lesque, satire. To HURL, cast, throw. HURRICANE, tempest, storm, blast. To HURRY, hasten; expedite; precipitate. HURT, harm, injury, damage, detriment, disadvantage, mis- chief, bane ; sorry, grieved. HURTFUL, pernicious, baneful, nocent, noxious, mischievous, detrimental, injurious, prejudi- cial. HUSBANDRY, cultivation, tillage, farming. HYPOCRISY, simulation, dissimu- lation, deceit. I IDEA, imagination, thought, con- ception, notion, perception. IDEAL, imaginary, intellectual. IDIOM, dialect. IDIOT, fool, natural. IDLE, lazy, indolent, sluggish; unemployed, vacant, at leisure. IGNOMINY, opprobrium, infamy, shame, disgrace. IGNORANT, uninformed, unin- structed, unenlightened, un- learned, untaught, illiterate, unlettered. [LL, bad, evil. ILLIMITABLE, boundless, immense, unlimited, infinite. ILLITERATE. See IGNORANT. ILLNESS, sickness, indisposition, disease, distemper, disorder, malady. ILL-TEMPERED, morose, crabbed, sour. To ILLUMINE, illuminate, enlight- en, illume. IMP 258 IMP ILLUSION, fallacy, chimera, decep- tion. To ILLUSTRATE, explain, elucidate, clear. ILLUSTRIOUS, distinguished, con- spicuous, noted, eminent, fa- mous, celebrated, renowned. ILL-WILL, enmity, hatred, ran- cor. IMAGE, likeness, picture, repre- sentation, effigy. IMAGINARY, ideal, fanciful. To IMAGINE, think, conceive, ap- prehend ; deem, suppose. IMBECILITY, weakness, debility, infirmity. To IMBIBE, absorb, swallow up, take in ; ingulf, engross, con- sume. To IMITATE, ape, mimic, mock ; copy, counterfeit, follow. IMMATERIAL, uncorporeal, unsub- stantial, unbodied, spiritual ; unimportant, insignificant, in- considerable. IMMEDIATELY, directly, instantly, instantaneously. IMMENSE, enormous, huge, vast, prodigious, monstrous, illimita- ble. IMMINENT, impending, threaten- ing. IMMODERATE, intemperate, exces- sive. IMMODEST, indecent, indelicate, impudent, shameless. IMMUNITY, privilege, prerogative, exemption. To IMPAIR, injure; diminish, de- crease. To IMPART, communicate, make known, reveal, divulge, dis- close, discover ; give, yield. IMPASSABLE, inaccessible, imper- vious. To IMPEACH, accuse, charge, ar- raign, censure. To IMPEDE, hinder, retard, ob- struct, prevent. To IMPEL, animate, actuate, in- duce, move, incite, instigate, encourage. IMPENDING, imminent, threaten- ing. IMPERATIVE, commanding, autho- ritative, imperious, despotic. IMPERFECTION, fault, defect, vice ; weakness, frailty, failing, foi- ble. IMPERIOUS, commanding, impera- tive, authoritative ; lordly, over- bearing, domineering. IMPERTINENT, irrelevant, inappli- cable ; rude, saucy, impudent, insolent. IMPERVIOUS, unpassable, impass- able, inaccessible, unapproach- able. IMPETUOUS, violent, boisterous, furious, vehement, rapid. To IMPINGE, strike against, touch, clash with. IMPIOUS, profane, irreligious. IMPLACABLE, unrelenting, relent- less, inexorable. To IMPLANT, ingraft, instill, in- fuse, inculcate. To IMPLICATE, involve, entangle, embarrass. To IMPLORE, beg, solicit, be- seech, entreat, crave, suppli- cate. To IMPLY, infold, involve ; denote, gnify. IM To IMPORT, imply, denote, mean, signifv. IMPORTANCE, signification, avail, consequence, weight, moment. IMPORTANT, momentous, signifi- cant, weighty, consequential. IMPORTUNATE, pressing, urgent. IMPORTUNITY, solicitation. To IMPOSE upon, deceive, de- lude. LMPOST, tax, duty, custom, tri- bute. IMPOSTOR, deceiver, cheat. IMPOSTURE, cheat, deception, fraud, delusion, artifice, trick, imposition, stratagem. IXC 259 IND IMPRECATION, curse, malediction, To INCLOSE, include, circumscribe, execration, anathema. To INCLUDE, comprise, compre- ment. To IMPROVE, To IMPRESS, imprint, stamp, fix. IMPRISONMENT, captivity, confine- amend, correct, emend, better, mend, reform, rectify. IMPROVEMENT, progress, proficien- cy ; amendment, &c. IMPUDENCE, assurance, confidence, insolence. IMPUDENT, impertinent, rude, saucy, insolent ; shameless. immodest, To IMPUGN, attack, assault, in- vade. To IMPUTE, ascribe, attribute. INABILITY, disability, impuis- sance, impotence. INACCESSIBLE, unapproachable, impervious. INACTIVE, inert, lazy, slothful, sluggish, idle. INADEQUATE, incapable, insuffi- cient, incompetent. INADVERTENCY, inattention, over- sight. INANIMATE, lifeless, dead, inert. gent, careless, remiss, thought- less, heedless. INBRED, inborn, inherent, innate. INCAPABLE. See INADEQUATE. hend, contain, embrace. INCOHERENT, incongruous, incon- sistent. INCOMMODE, annoy, molest, dis- turb, inconvenience. INCOMPETENT, inadequate, incapa- ble, insufficient. INCONSIDERABLE, unimportant, in, significant, immaterial. INCONSISTENT, incongruous, inco- herent. INCONSTANT, changeable, fickle, variable, versatile. INCONTROVERTIBLE, indubitable, unquestionable, indisputable, undeniable, irrefragable. INCONVENIENCE, annoyance, mo- lestation, disturbance, incom- modiousness. INCORPOREAL, unsubstantial, im- material, spiritual. IN COURSE, naturally, consequent- ] y- INCREASE, augmentation, acces- sion, addition. INCREDULITY, unbelief, infidelity, skepticism. INATTENTIVE, inadvertent, negli- To INCULCATE, infuse, instil, im- plant. INCULPABLE, blameless. INCURSION, invasion, irruption, inroad. INCESSANTLY, unremittingly, un- 1 INDECENT, indelicate, immodest. ceasingly, always, continually, j To INDICATE, point out, show, perpetually. j mark. INCIDENT, circumstance, fact, INDICATION, mark, sign, note, event, occurrence, adventure;! symptom, token. accident, casualty, contingency, j INDIFFERENCE, apathy, careless- INCIDENTAL, accidental, casual, ness, insensibility. fortuitous, contingent. \ INDIFFERENT, unconcerned, re- To INCITE, excite, provoke, stimu-) gardless. late, aggravate, move; encour- INDIGENCE, waut, need, penury, age, animate, urge. | poverty. INCLINATION, disposition, tenden- INDIGENOUS, natal, native. cy, bent, bias, prepossession, INDIGNATION, anger, ire, wrath, p'redilection, propensity, prone- \ resentment. ness; affection, attachment. j INDIGNITY, insult, aflrout; o To INCLINE, lean, bend. j rage. INF 260 INDISCRIMINATE, promiscuous, un- 1 INFIRM, weak, feeble, imbecile, distinguishing. j debilitated. INDISPOSITION, illness, sickness ; j To INFLAME, anger, irritate, in- aversion, dislike. j cense, aggravate, exasperate. INDISPUTABLE, indubitable, unde- l INFLUENCE, credit, favor ; autho- niable, incontrovertible, irre-j rity, sway. fragable, unquestionable. INDISTINCT, confused ; ambiguous, doubtful. To INFORM, acquaint, apprise, make known ; disclose, commu- nicate. INDIVIDUAL, particular, identical. ! INFORMANT, informer, accuser. INDOLENT, supine, listless, care- i INFORMATION, advice, counsel, in- less, idle, lazy. INDUBITABLE. Sec INDISPUTABLE. INDUCE, move, actuate, impel, in- stigate, urge. INDUCEMENT, motive, reason, cause, incitement. To INDULGE, foster, cherish, fon- dle, harbor. INDUSTRIOUS, active, diligent, as- siduous, laborious. INEFFABLE,, unspeakable, unutter- able, inexpressible. INEFFECTUAL, vain, fruitless, in- effective. INEQUALITY, disparity, uneven- ness. INERT, inactive, lazy, slothful, sluggish. INEVITABLE, not to be avoided, unavoidable. INEXORABLE, implacable, unre- lenting, relentless. INEXPRESSIBLE, unspeakable, in- effable, unutterable. INFAMOUS, scandalous, shameful, ignominious, opprobrious. INFATUATION, intoxication, stupe- faction. To INFECT, contaminate, taint, defile, pollute, vitiate. INFECTION, contagion, taint, poi- son. INFERENCE, conclusion, deduction. INFERIOR, secondary; nate, subservient. telligence, notice. INFRACTION, infringement, intru- sion, encroachment. To INFRINGE, encroach, infract, invade, intrude ; transgress, vi- olate. To INFUSE, instil, ingraft, implant. INGENIOUS, inventive, witty. INGENUOUS, artless, candid, open, frank, plain. To INGRAFT, implant. To INGRATIATE, insinuate, recom- mend. To INGULF, absorb, swallow up, engross. To INHABIT, sojourn, reside; oc- cupy, dwell. INHERENT, innate, inbred, inborn. INHUMAN, cruel, brutal, savage, barbarous. INIMICAL, adverse, contrary, op- posite, repugnant, hostile. INIQUITOUS, wicked, nefarious, unjust. INJUNCTION, command, order, mandate, precept. INJURY, hurt, detriment, disad- vantage ; wrong. To INJURE, impair, damage, dete- riorate, hurt, wrong, harm. INNATE. See INHERENT. INNOCENT, guiltless, harmless, in- offensive. subordi- INOFFENSIVE, unoffending, harra- i less. INFIDELITY, unbelief, incredulity, INORDINATE, intemperate, irregu- skepticism. i lar, disorderly, excessive. INFINITE, boundless, unbounded, ; INQUIRY, investigation, examina- unlimited, illimitable, immense, j tion, research, scrutiny. INS 261 INT INQUISITIVE, prying, curious. INROAD, incursion, invasion, ir- ruption. INSANITY, madness, derangement, lunacy, mania. INSENSIBILITY, apathy, indiffer- ence, unfeelingness. INSENSIBLE, hard, unfeeling, un- susceptible, callous. INSIDE, interior. INSIDIOUS, treacherous, sly, cir- cumventive. INSIGHT, inspection, introspec- tion. INSIGNIFICANT, unimportant, in- considerable, trivial, iminate- rial. INSCFFERABLE, insurmountable ; unconquerable, invincible. INSURRECTION, rebellion, revolt. INTEGRAL, whole, entire, complete, total. INTEGRITY, uprightness, honesty, probity. INTELLECT, genius, talent. INTELLECTUAL, mental, ideal. INTELLIGENCE, advice, informa- tion, instruction, notice ; under- standing, intellect. INTEMPERATE, immoderate, exces- sive, inordinate. To INTEND, design, mean, purpose. INTENSE, ardent. INTENT, design, purpose, inten- To INSINUATE, hint, intimate, sug- tion, view, drift, aim. gest; ingratiate. To INTERCEDE, interpose, inter- INSIPID, dull, flat, spiritless. fere, mediate. To INSNARE, entrap, enveigle. I INTERCHANGE, exchange, recipro- INSOLENT, rude, saucy, imperti-! city. nent, abusive, reproachful, scur- 1 INTERCOURSE, communion, com- rilous, opprobrious, insulting, j merce, connexion. To INTERDICT, forbid, proscribe, offensive. INSPECTION, insight, introspec- tion ; oversight, superintend- ence. To INSPIRE, animate, exhilarate, enliven, cheer. INSTANTANEOUSLY, directly, imme- diately, instantly. To INSTIGATE, animate, incite, urge, impel, move, stimulate, encourage. To INSTIL, infuse, insinuate. To INSTITUTE, establish, found, erect ; prescribe. To INSTRUCT, inform, teach. INSTRUCTION, advice, counsel, in- To INTERPOSE, interfere, intermed- formation. die ; intercede, mediate. INSTRUMENT, tool. INSUFFICIENT, inadequate, incom- elucidate. petent, incapable. | To INTERPRET wrongly, misinter- INSULT, affront, offence, outrage, _ pret, misconstrue. prohibit. INTEREST, concern ; advantage, good. To INTERFERE. See INTERCEDE. INTERIOR, inside. INTERLOPER, intruder. To INTERMEDDLE. See INTER- CEDE. INTERMEDIATE, intervening. INTERMENT, burial, sepulture, in- humation. INTERMISSION, cessation, rest, stop, interruption. To INTERMIT, subside, abate. To INTERPRET, explain, expound, indin;nity._ To INTERROGATE, question, ask, INSULTING, insolent, rude, saucy, : inquire of. impertinent, abusive, reproach- To INTERRUPT, disturb, hinder, ful, scurrilous, opprobrious, of- INTERVAL, interstice, vacancy ; fensive. space. INV 262 JIL INTERVENING, intermediate. INTERVENTION, interposition. INTERVIEW, meeting, conference. INTIMACY, acquaintance, familiar- ity ; fellowship. To INTIMATE, hint, suggest, insin- uate. To INTIMIDATE, frighten, dastard- ize. INTOXICATION, drunkenness, ine- briety, infatuation. INTRACTABLE, stubborn, unma- nageable, ungovernable ; cross, obstinate, untoward. To INTRENCH, encroach, infringe, invade, intrude. INTREPID, bold, fearless, undaunt- ed, courageous, valiant. INTRICACY, complexity, complica- tion, involution, perplexity. INTRINSIC, real, genuine, native. To INTRODUCE, present. INTRODUCTORY, preliminary, pre- vious, prefatory. To INTRUDE, obtrude ; encroach, intrench, infringe, invade. INTRUDER, interloper. To INTRUST, commit, confide. To INVADE. See INTRUDE. INVALID, weak, feeble, infirm, sick. To INVALIDATE, weaken, enfeeble. INVASION, incursion, irruption, in- road. INVECTIVE, abuse, censure, re- proach. To INVEIGH, declaim, censure. To INVENT, devise, contrive, frame, fabricate ; find out, dis- cover. To INVERT, overturn, overthrow, subvert, reverse. To INVEST, endue, endow. INVESTIGATION, examination, search, inquiry, research, scru- tiny. INVIDIOUS, envious, malignant. To INVIGORATE, strengthen, for- tify. INVINCIBLE, unconquerable, insu- perable. To INVITE, ask, call, bid, summon ; allure, attract. To INUNDATE, overflow, deluge. To INVOLVE, implicate, entangle, enwrap. INWARD, interior, internal, intrin- sic. IRASCIBLE, angry, passionate, hasty, hot, fiery. IRE, anger, wrath, resentment, indignation, passion. IRKSOME, troublesome, vexatious, wearisome, tedious. IRONY, ridicule, sarcasm, satire, burlesque. IRRATIONAL, foolish, silly. IRREFRAGABLE, indubitable, un- questionable, indisputable, in- controvertible, undeniable. IRREGULAR, eccentric, disorderly; inordinate, intemperate. IRRELIGIOUS, profane, impious. IRREPREHENSIBLE. See next word. IRREPROACHABLE, blameless, un- blemished, spotless. IRREPROVABLE. See IRREPROACH- ABLE. To IRRITATE, aggravate, pro- voke, exasperate, incite, ex- cite. IRRUPTION, invasion, incursion, inroad. ISSUE, effect, consequence, event, result; progeny, offspring. To ISSUE, arise, proceed, flow, spring, emanate. To JADE, harass, dispirit, weary, tire. To JANGLE, wrangle, jar. JAUNT, ramble, excursion, trip, tour. JEALOUSY, suspicion, envy. To JEER, gibe, sneer, scoff. To JEST, joke, sport, make game. JEST (given to), jocose, jocular, facetious. JILT, coquet. KIN 263 LAW JOCOSE, jocular, facetious, witty, pleasant. JOCUND, lively, sprightly, viva- cious, sportive, merry, light- hearted, mirthful. To JOIN", add, unite, combine, co- alesce, confederate, league. To JOKE, jest, sport, make game. JOLLITY, joviality, mirth, merri- ment, hilarity. JOURNEY, travel, tour, voyage. JOY, delight, gladness, charm, pleasure, ecstasy, rapture, transport. JUDGMENT, discernment, penetra- tion, discrimination; sagacity, intelligence; decision, sen- tence. JUST, right, proper. JUSTICE, right, equity, retribu- tion. To JUSTIFY, clear, exculpate, de- fend, excuse, absolve. JUSTNESS, correctness, accuracy, exactness, propriety. JUVENILE, youthful, puerile. EEN, shrewd, acute, penetrating, piercing, cutting. To KEEP, detain, retain, hold, re- serve, preserve ; maintain, sus- tain, support; observe. To KEEP back, retain, reserve, withhold. To KEEP from, abstain, refrain ; forbear, desist from. KIND, bland, mild, tender, indul- gent, compassionate, clement, gentle, meek, benevolent, be- nignant, generous, good, cour- teous, affable, gracious, lenient. KIND, species, sort, class, genus. KINDNESS, favor, civility; benig- nity, beneficence, benevolence, humanity, tenderness. KINDRED, relationship, affinity, consanguinity. KINGLY, royal, regal. KINSMAN, relation, relative, kin- dred. KNAVISH, dishonest, trickish. KNOWLEDGE, learning, erudition, science. To make KNOWN, acquaint, dis- close, communicate, divulge, apprise, inform, reveal. LABOR, work, toil, drudgery, task. To LABOR, toil, drudge, work, strive, exert. LABORIOUS, active, industrious, diligent, assiduous. LABYRINTH, maze. To LACK, want, need. LACONIC, short, brief, concise, suc- cinct. LADING, freight, cargo, load, bur- den. To LAG, linger, tarry, loiter, saunter. To LAMENT, complain, bewail, de- plore, bemoan, grieve, mourn, regret. LANDSCAPE, view, prospect. LANGUAGE, tongue, speech, idiom, dialect. LANGUID, faint, exhausted, droop- ing, pining. LARGE, extensive, big, capa- cious, comprehensive, huge, great. LARGER (to make), enlarge, aug- ment, magnify, extend, in- crease. LASSITUDE, fatigue, weariness, enervation. LAST, latest, final, ultimate. LASTING, durable, permanent. LATENT, secret, hidden, occult. LAUDABLE, praiseworthy, com- mendable. To LAUGH at, ridicule, banter, deride, mock. LAUGHABLE, risible, ludicrous, ri- diculous, comical, droll, mirth- ful. LAVISH, extravagant, profuse, prodigal. LAWFUL, legal, legitimate, licit. LIB 264 LIT LAX, loose, vague ; dissolute, li- centious. To LAY open, dilate, expand, ex- tend. To LAY up, hoard, deposit, trea- sure, store. LAZY, idle, indolent, slothful, sluggish, inactive, inert. To LEAD, conduct, guide, direct ; ! induce, persuade, influence, bias, incline. LEADER, chief, chieftain, head, guide. LEAGUE, alliance, confederacy, combination, coalition. To LEAN, incline, bend, pro- pend. LEARNING, knowledge, erudition, science, literature. LEAVE, liberty, license, permis-! sion. To LEAVE, quit, relinquish, aban- don, desert. To LEAVE off, cease, desert, dis- continue, stop. LEAVING off, ceasing, discon- tinuance, cessation, discon- tinuation. Taking LEAVE, valediction, fare- well. LEAVINGS, remains, relics, rem- 1 nants, refuse. LEGAL, legitimate, lawful, licit. LEISURE, idle, vacant, free. LENITY, clemency, mercy, mild- ness, tenderness. To LESSEN, abate, diminish, de- crease, liquidate, subside. To LET, leave ; permit, allow, suffer. LETHARGIC, sleepy, drowsy. LETTER, epistle, note. LEVEL, even, plain, smooth, flat. To LEVEL, aim, point. LEVITY, lightness, volatility, flightiness, giddiness. LEXICON, dictionary, glossary, vocabulary. LIABLE, exposed, subject, ob-j noxious. LIBERAL, beneficent, bountiful, ; bounteous, munificent, gene- rous. To LIBERATE, free, set free, de- liver, set at large. LIBERTY, freedom ; leave, license, permission. LICENSE. See preceding word. LICENTIOUS, luose, vague, lax, dis- solute. LICIT, lawful, legal, legitimate LIE, falsehood, falsity, untruth, fabrication, fiction, invention, mendacity. LIFE, animation, vivacity, spirits; good cheer. LIFELESS, dead, inanimate. To LIFT, heave, huist ; raise, ele- vate, erect, exalt. LIGHT (to supply), illuminate, illumine, illume, enlighten, lighten. LIGHTNESS, ease, facility ; levity, flightiness. volatility, giddiness; unsteadiness, mutability, incon- stancy. LIKE, uniform, equal, alike. LIKENESS, resemblance, simi- larity ; representation, simili- tude, picture, image, effigy. LIKELIHOOD, probability. LIKEWISE, also, too. LIMIT, extent, boundary, bound, border. To LIMIT, bound, circumscribe, restrict, confine. LINEAGE, family, house, race, ge- neration. To LINGER, tarry, loiter, lag, saunter. LIQUID, fluid; liquor, juice, hu- mor. To LIQUIDATE, lessen, decrease, lower, abate, diminish. LIST, roll, catalogue, register. To LISTEN, hearken, attend to. LISTLESS, indolent, supine, care- less. LITERATURE, letters, learning, erudition. LITTLE, small, diminutive. LOT 205 MAI To LIVE, exist, subsist. LIVELIHOOD, living, subsistence maintenance, support, suste nance. LIVELY, active, agile ; alert brisk, nimble, quick, sprightly prompt, jocund. LIVING at the same time wit another, coeval, cotemporary contemporary, ous. contemporane LOAD, freight, cargo, lading, bur den ; weight. LOATH, reluctant, backward, un willing, averse. To LOATHE, abhor, detest, abomi nate. To LODGE, harbor, shelter, enter tain. LOFTINESS, dignity; haughtiness : pride. LOFTY, high, tall, elevated, ex- alted. To LOITER, linger, tarry, 1 saunter. LONELY, solitary, lonesome. To LONG for, desire, hanker af- ter. To LOOK, behold, view, eye, in- spect. LOOK, air, manner, mien, appear- ance, aspect ; glance. LOOKER on, spectator, beholder, observer. To LOOK for, expect, await. LOOKING into, inspection, in- sight. LOOKING at things past, retrospect, retrospection. LOOSE, vague, lax, slack ; disso- lute, licentious, unrestrained, wanton. LOQUACITY, garrulity, talkative- ness, babbling. LORDLY, imperious, overbearing, domineering. LORD'S supper, eucharist, commu- nion, sacrament. Loss, damage, detriment. LOT, destiny, late, doom. LOUD, noisy, clamorous, strepe- rous, turbulent, tumultuous, g, vehement, vocifer- blusterii ous. LOVE, affection, attachment, fond- ness ; friendship. LOVELY, amiable, charming, de- lightful. LOVER, suiter, wooer. LOVING, amorous, fond, affection- ate. Low, humble, lowly ; base, abject, mean. To LOWER, reduce, humble, hu- miliate, degrade, debase, abase. LUCKY, fortunate, prosperous, successful. LUCRE, gain, profit, emolument. LUDICROUS, laughable, ridiculous, comical, droll. LUNACY, madness, derangement, insanity, mania. USTRE, brightness, splendor, brilliancy. JUSTY, corpulent, stout. -.UXURIANT, exuberant. JUXURY, voluptuousness, sensual- ity. M IADNESS, derangement, insanity, lunacy, mania, phrensy; fran- ticness. mental aberration, rage, fury. IAGISTERIAL, majestic, stately, pompous, august, dignified. V!AGNIFICENCE, grandeur, splen- dor, pomp. IAUNITUDE, size, bulk, great- ness. IAJESTIC. See MAGISTERIAL. MAIM, mutilate, mangle, crip- ple. IAIN, chief, principal. \> MAINTAIN, assert, vindicate, support, sustain. [AINTENANCE, livelihood, living, subsistence, sustenance, sup- port. MAR 266 MEE To MAKE, create, form, produce ; do, act. To MAKE game, jest, sport, joke, mimic. To MAKE amends, compensate, recompense, remunerate, re- quite. MALADY, disease, distemper, dis- order. MALEDICTION, curse, imprecation, execration. MALEFACTOR, criminal, culprit, felon, convict. MALEVOLENT, malignant, mali- cious. MALICE, spite, rancor, grudge, pique, ill-will. MALICIOUS, malevolent, malig- nant. MALIGNITY, malevolence, ill-will, mischievousness, malicious- ness. To MANAGE, contrive, concert; direct. MANAGEMENT, care, charge, econo- my, direction. MANDATE, command, order, in- junction, precept. MANFUL, manly, bold, daring. To MANGLE, mutilate, maim, la- cerate, tear. MANIA, derangement, insanity, lunacy, madness. To MANIFEST, discover, declare, reveal, make known, evince. MANIFEST, open, apparent, visible, obvious, clear, plain. MANNER, air, look, mien, aspect, appearance; habit, custom, way. MANNERS, morals, habits, beha- vior. MANY, several, sundry, divers, various, numerous, manifold. MARGIN, border, edge, rim, brim, brink, verge. MARINER, seaman, sailor. MARK, print, impression, stamp ; sign, note, symptom, token, in- dication ; trace, vestige, track ; badge, stigma ; butt. To MARK, note, notice, observe, remark ; show, point out, indi- cate ; impress, imprint, stamp, brand, stigmatize. MARRIAGE, wedding, nuptials; matrimony, wedlock. MARRIAGE (relating to), connu- bial, conjugal, matrimonial, nuptial, hymeneal. MARTIAL, warlike, military, sol- dier-like. MARVEL, wonder, miracle, prodi- gy, monster. MASK, cloak, veil, blind. MASSACRE, carnage, slaughter, butchery. MASSIVE, bulky, heavy, weighty, ponderous. MASTER, possessor, proprietor, owner. MATERIAL, corporeal ; important, momentous. MATRIMONY, marriage, wedlock, nuptials. MATTER, affair, business, concern; material. MATURE, ripe, perfect, complete. MAXIM, adage, aphorism, apoph- thegm, proverb, saying. MAZE, labyrinth ; uncertainty, perplexity. MEAGRE, lean ; poor, hungry. MEAN, low, abject, vulgar, vile, contemptible, despicable ; sor- did, penurious, niggardly. To MEAN, design, purpose, intend, contemplate ; signify, imply, import, express, denote. MEANING, signification, import, sense. MEANS, way, manner, method, mode, course. MECHANIC, artist, artisan, artifi- cer, operative. To MEDIATE, intercede, interpose. I MEDIUM, mean. MEDLEY, difference, variety, di- I versity, mixture, miscellany. MEEK, mild, gentle, humble, soft. MET 267 MIT MEET, apt, fit, suitable; expe- MIEX, look, air, aspect aDnear- dient. ance. MEETING, assembly, congregation, MIGHTY, powerful, potent. auditory, company. | MILD, soft, meek, gentle. MELANCHOLY, dejection, depres-j MILITARY, martial, warlike, sol- sion. I dier-like. MELODY, harmony, accordance, To MIMIC, ape, imitate, counter- unison, feit, mock. MEMOIR, anecdote, annal, chroni- To MIND, heed, attend to, regard, cle, narrative. notice. MEMORABLE, signal, worthy of re- MINDFUL, regardful, observant, membrance. attentive. MEMORIAL, monument, remem- To MINGLE, mix, blend; com- brancer, memento. MEMORY, retention, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence. MENACE, threat. To MEND, amend, correct, emend, better, improve, rectify, reform. MENDACITY, falsehood, * untruth, lying, deceit. MENIAL, servant, domestic. MENTAL, intellectual, ideal. MERCENARY, venal, hireling. MERCHANT, trader, tradesman. MERCHANDISE, goods, ware, corn- mad ity. MERCIFUL, gracious, benignant, kind. MERCILESS, cruel, unmerciful, hard-hearted. MERCY, clemency, lenity, pity. MERELY, barely, only, scarcely. MERIT, worth, desert; claim, right. pound ; confound. MINISTER, agent, official, em- ployee ; priest. clergyman, parson, To MINISTER, administer, contrib- ute, supply. MIRACLE, wonder, marvel, pro- ^gy- MIRTH, festivity, joy, gladness, merriment, jollity, joviality, hi- larity, gayety, vivacity, cheer- fulness, fun. MISCARRIAGE, failure, abortion, mishap. MISCELLANY, mixture, medley, di- versity. MISCHANCE, calamity, disaster, misfortune, mishap. MISCHIEF, evil or ill, misfor- tune; harm, injury, damage, hurt. MERRIMENT, mirth, joviality, jol-'To MISCONSTRUE, misinterpret. lity, hilarity. MERRY, cheerful, mirthful, joyous, MISDEED, offence, trespass, trans- gression, misdemeanor, crime. gay, sprightly, lively, blithe, MISERABLE, unhappy, wretched. blithesome, vivacious, jocund, MISERLY, avaricious, parsimoni- sportive. I ous, niggardly, penurious. MESSAGE, mission, errand. j MISFORTUNE, harm, ill, mishap, MESSENGER, carrier, harbinger, calamity, disaster, nuisance. forerunner, precursor. ! To MISINTERPRET, misconstrue. METAMORPHOSIS, change, trans- To Miss, lose ; fail. formation. i MISSION, message, errand. METAPHOR, figure, allegory, em- MISTAKE, error, blunder, miscon- blem, symbol. j ception. METHOD, order, rule, regularity, To MISUSE, abuse, maltreat. system ; way, manner, mode, To MITIGATE, allay, soothe, ap- course, means. | pease, assuage. MUN 268 NEC To Mix, mingle, blend, confound. To MURDER, kill, assassinate, To MOAN, groan, grieve, deplore. slay. MOB, populace, mobility. To MURMUR, complain, repine. To MOCK, mimic, imitate, ape ; To MUSE, meditate, contemplate, 1 . i think, reflect, wonder, method, To MUSTER, collect, assemble. MUTABLE, alterable, inconstant, changeable, fickle, variable, unstable, wavering, unsteady, irresolute. To MUTILATE, maim, mangle. MODEST, bashful, diffident, re- 1 MUTINOUS, tumultuous, turbu- served; chaste, virtuous. j lent, seditious. To MOLEST, annoy, incommode, MUTUAL, reciprocal. vex, tease, inconvenience, dis- MYSTERIOUS, dark, obscure, hid- bauter, deride, ridicule. MODE, way, manner, course, means. MODEL, copy, pattern, specimen. MODERATION, mediocrity ; mo- : desty, temperance, sobriety. MODERN, novel, new, recent. turb, trouble. MOMENT, signification, avail, im- portance, consequence, weight. MONARCH, prince, sovereign, po- tentate. MONUMENT, memorial, remem- brancer. MOOD, humor, temper, frame. MORALS, manners, behavior. MORBID, sick, sickly, diseased. MOREOVER, besides, likewise, 1 also. den, occult, latent, dim, mystic. N NAKED, bare, uncovered, un- clothed; rude. To NAME, denominate, entitle, style, designate, characterize, term, call. NAME, appellation, denomination, title, cognomen ; reputation, character, credit. MOROSE, gloomy, sullen, splenetic. To NAP, sleep, doze, slumber, MORTAL, deadly, fatal. drowse. MORTIFICATION, vexation, cha- vexation, grin. MOTION, movement. NARRATION, narrative, account, description, relation, recital, detail, explanation. prmci- NARROW, contracted, confined, i straitened, limited. MOTIVE, cause, reason, pie. To MOULD, form, shape, fashion. | NASTY, filthy, foul. To MOUNT, arise, rise, ascend ; i NATAL, native, indigenous. climb, scale. To MOURN, grieve, lament, fret. To MOVE, actuate, impel, induce, stir, instigate. NATIVE, intrinsic, real, genuine; indigenous. NATURALLY, in course, conse- quently. To MOVE round, turn, revolve, NAVAL, marine, maritime, nauti- circulate, whirl. cal. MOVING, affecting, touching, pa- NAUSEA, disgust, loathing. thetic. NAUTICAL. See NAVAL. MULCT, fine, penalty, forfeiture. ; NEAR, nigh, close, adjacent, con- MULTITUDE, crowd, throng, tiguous, vicinal. swarm. NECESSARY, expedient, essential, MUNIFICENT, beneficent, bounti- requisite, needful. ful, bounteous, generous, libe- To NECESSITATE, compel, force, ral. oblige. NOT 269 OBS NECESSITY, occasion, need; exi- NOTIOX, conception percention gency, emergency. | idea, opinion, sentiment ABED, poverty, indigence, want, ' NOTORIOUS, noted, distinguished, DGnuvy. rnnririir*nc I*/-**!,-*, J penury To NEED, want, lack. NEFARIOUS, wicked, unjust, ini- conspicuous, renowned. NOTWITHSTANDING, however, yet, nevertheless. T or( ler, degree, class. tercation, wrangling, dispute. QUARTER, district, region. QUERY, question, inquiry, inter- rogatory. To QUESTION, doubt, dispute ; ask, interrogate, inquire. QUICK, nimble, agile, active, brisk, lively, prompt, expeditious. To RANSOM, redeem, free, manu- mit. voracious, RAPACIOUS, ravenous, greedy. RAPIDITY, quickness, swiftness, fleetness, celerity, velocity, speed, agility. RAPINE, plunder, pillage. To QUICKEN, accelerate, hasten, CAPTURE, ecstasy, transport. expedite, despatch. RARE, scarce, singular, uncom- QUICKNESS, speed, velocity, celeri- 1 mon, incomparable. ty, swiftness, rapidity, fleetness, To RASE, blot out, efface, ex- nimbleness, briskness; expedi- punge, erase, obliterate, cancel ; tion, despatch; agility, activity. demolish, dismantle, destroy, QUICKNESS of intellect, acuteness, ' subvert, ruin. sharpness, sagacity, penetration, RASH, foolhardy, thoughtless. shrewdness. j RASHNESS, temerity, precipitance, To QUIET, appease, calm, pacify, precipitancy, precipitation, lias- still. I tiness. QUIET, ease, rest, repose, calm, 'RATE, proportion, ratio, quota, tranquillity. ! degree ; tax, assessment, im- To QUIT, relinquish, leave, give post: value, worth, price. up, resign. , To RATE, estimate, value, ap- To QUIVER, shake, tremble, quake. praise ; scold. To QUOTE, cite, adduce. RATIO, rate, proportion, degree, : quota. RAVAGE, desolation, devastation. RACE, course, passage; family, RAVENOUS, rapacious, greedy, vo- house, lineage, breed, genera- raoious. * 10Q - RAY, glimmer, gleam, beam. REC 279 REF To REACH, stretch, extend. READY, apt, prompt, dextrous; easy, facile. REAL, actual, positive, certain; genuine. To REALIZE, accomplish, achieve, fulfil, effect, complete, excite, consummate. REALM, state, kingdom. REASON, argument, proof; cause, motive ; sake, account, purpose, end. REASONABLE, rational, just, honest, equitable, fair. Void of REASON, irrational, fool- ish, silly, unreasonable, absurd, preposterous, ridiculous. REBELLION, insurrection, sedition, revolt; contumacy. To REBOUND, recoil, reverberate. To REBUFF, repel, reject, beat back, oppose. To REBUKE, reprimand, reprove, check, chide. To RECANT, abjure, retract, recall, revoke. To RECAPITULATE, repeat, recite, rehearse. To RECEDE, retire, retreat, -with- draw, retrograde. RECEIPT, reception. To RECEIVE, accept, take. RECENT, fresh, new, novel, mo- dern. RECEPTION, receipt. RECIPROCAL, mutual, alternate. RECIPROCITY, interchange, ex- change. RECITAL, account, narrative, de- scription, relation, detail, ex- planation, narration. To RECITE, repeat, rehearse, re- capitulate. To RECKON, compute, calculate, estimate, count, number; es- teem, account. RECKONING, account, bill, charge. To RECLAIM, reform, recover, cor- rect. To RECLINE, repose, lean, rest. | To RECOGNISE, acknowledge, avow, confess, own. To RECOIL, rebound, reverberate, rush back. RECOLLECTION, memory, remem- brance, reminiscence. To RECOMPENSE, m:ike amends, compensate, compense, remune- rate, requite. RECOMPENSE, compensation, remu- neration, requital, satisfaction, amends, gratuity. To RECONCILE, conciliate; propi- tiate. To RECORD, enroll, register. To RECOUNT, relate, describe, enu- merate. To RECOVER, refrain, retrieve ; re- pair, recruit. RECOVERY, restoration. RECREATION, amusement, diver- sion, sport, pastime, entertain- ment. To RECRUIT, repair, recover, re- trieve. To RECTIFY, amend, correct, emend, better, mend, reform, improve. RECTITUDE, uprightness. To REDEEM, ransom, rescue, re- cover. REDRESS, remedy, relief, amend- ment. To REDUCE, diminish, curtail, shorten, lower; subdue; de- grade. REDUNDANCY, excess, superflui- ty- To REEL, stagger, totter. To REFER, allude, hint, glance at, intimate, suggest. REFINED, polite, polished, genteel, I elegant. 1 REFINEMENT, cultivation, civiliza- ! tion. To REFLECT, consider, think, I ponder, muse; censure, re- proach. REFLECTION, consideration, medi- tation, cogitation. REL 280 HEM To REFORM, amend, emend, mend, correct, better, rectify, improve, restore. REFORMATION", reform, amend- ment, correction. REFRACTORY, unruly, ungoverna- "ble, perverse, obstinate, contu-| macious. To REFRAIN*, abstain, forbear- withhold. To REFRESH, revive, renovate, re- new ; refrigerate, cool. REFUGE, asylum, shelter, retreat. To REFUSE, deny, reject, de- cline. REFUSE, dregs, sediment, dross, scum, To REFUTE, confute, oppugn, dis- prove. REGAL, royal, kingly. REGARD, concern, care, attention ; respect, reverence. To REGARD, attend to, mind, heed ; consider ; esteem, respect, re- verence, REGARDFUL, mindful, heedful, at- tentive, observant. REGARDLESS, indifferent, uncon- cerned, careless, unobser- , vant. REGIMEN, food, diet. REGION, district, quarter. To REGISTER, enroll, record. REGISTER, list, catalogue, roll, re- cord, archive, chronicle, annal, memoir. To REGRET, complain, lament, re- pent, grieve. To REGULATE, direct, dispose, ad- just ; govern, rule. To REHEARSE, repeat, recite, reca- pitulate. REIGN, empire, dominion ; power, influence. To REJECT, refuse, decline, repel, rebuff. To REJOICE, exult, exhilarate. REJOINDER, answer, reply, re- sponse, replication. To RELATE, recount^ narrate, de- tail, describe ; refer, respect, re- gard, concern. RELATED, connected, combined. RELATION, account, narrative, de- scription, recital, detail, narra- tion, explanation. RELATIVE. See RELATION. RELATIONSHIP, kindred, consan- guinity, affinity. To RELAX, slacken, loose ; miti- gate, remit. RELENTLESS, implacable, unre- lenting, unpitying. RELEVANT, pertinent, to the pur- pose, apposite, tit, proper. RELIANCE, dependence; trust, con- fidence, repose. RELICS, remains, leavings. RELIEF, redress, alleviation, miti- gation. To RELIEVE, aid, help, succor, assist, alleviate. RELIGIOUS, pious, devout, holy. To RELINQUISH, give up, forego, renounce, quit, abdicate, resign. RELISH, taste, flavor, savor. RELUCTANT, averse, backward, unwilling, loth. To REMAIN, abide, stay, continue, tarry, sojourn, await. REMAINDER, rest, remnant, resi- due. REMAINS, leavings, relics. REMARK, annotation, note, com- i ment, observation. REMARKABLE, extraordinary, ob- servable, distinguished, worthy I of note. ! To REMARK, observe, notice. A REMARK, observation, comment, annotation, note, notice. REMEDY, cure, reparation. REMEMBRANCE, memory, recollec- tion, reminiscence. REMEMBRANCER, memorial, monu- j ment, memento. REMINISCENCE, recollection, re- membrance. REMISS, inattentive, heedless, ne- gligent, careless, thoughtless. REP 281 RES To REMIT, .absolve, pardon, for- give; liberate, give up. REMNANT, rest, residue, remain- der. To REMONSTRATE, expostulate. REMORSE, repentance, penitence, contrition, repugnance. REMOTE, distant, far. REMUNERATION, compensation, satisfaction, recompense, requi- tal. To REND, break, rack, tear. To RENE\V, renovate, revive, re- fresh. To RENOUNCE, abandon, forsake, abdicate, relinquish, give up, quit, forego. resigr RENOWN, fume, notoriety, reputa- tion, celebrity. To REPAIR, restore, recover, amend, retrieve. REPARATION, restoration, restitu- tion, amends. REPARTEE, retort. To REPAY, restore, return. To REPEAL, abolish, abrogate, revoke, annul, cancel; destroy, annihilate. To REPEAT, tell over, recite, re- capitulate, rehearse. REPENTANCE, penitence, contri- tion, remorse, compunction. REPETITION, tautology. To REPINE, complain, murmur. REPLICATION, answer, reply, re- joinder, response. REPLY. See the preceding word. REPORT, fame, rumor, hearsay. REPOSE, ease, quiet, rest. To REPOSE, recline, rest. REPREHENSIBLE, blamable, culpa- ble, reprovable, censurable. REPREHENSION, reproof, reproach REPRESENTATION, show, exhibi- tion, sight, spectacle. To REPRESS, restrain, suppress, subdue. To REPRIEVE, respite. To REPRIMAND, check, chide, re- prove, rebuke. REPRISAL, retaliation. To REPROACH, blame, reprove, upbraid, censure, condemn ; vilify, revile. REPROACHFUL, abusive, scurrilous, opprobrious, insolent, insulting, offensive. REPROBATE, abandoned, vitiated, profligate, corrupt, depraved, castaway, wicked. To REPROBATE, censure, con- demn. REPROOF, reprehension, censure, blame. To REPROVE, check, chide, repri- mand, rebuke. REPUGNANCE, aversion, dislike, antipathy, hatred. REPUGNANT, adverse, contrary, opposite, inimical, hostile. REPUTATION, character, fame, re- nown, credit, repute. To REQUEST, ask, solicit, entreat, demand. In REQUEST, repute, credit, de- mand. REQUEST, prayer, petition, entrea- ty, suit. To REQUIRE, demand, need. REQUISITE, necessary, essential, expedient. REQUITAL, compensation, satisfac- tion, amends, remuneration, re- compense ; retribution. To RESCUE, deliver, set free, save. RESEARCH, examination, inquiry, investigation, scrutiny. RESEMBLANCE, likeness, similarity, similitude. RESENTFUL, revengeful, vindic- tive. blame, RESENTMENT, anger, indignation, ire, wrath. RESERVATION, reserve, retention. To RESIDE, dwell, inhabit, sojourn, abide. RESIDENCE, habitation, abode, dwelling, domicile. RESIDUE, rest, remainder, rem- RET 282 RID To RESIGN, give up ; renounce, relinquish, forego, abdicate. RESIGNATION, patience, endur- ance, submission. To RESIST, withstand, oppose ; thwart. To RESOLVE, determine, purpose ; solve, analyze, reduce. RESOLUTE, decided, determined, fixed ; firm, constant, steady. RESOLUTION, courage, fortitude, firmness. To RESORT to, frequent, haunt. RESOURCE, resort, means, expedi- ent. To RESPECT, esteem, regard, ho- nor, venerate, revere ; value, prize. RESPECT, deference, regard, con- sideration, esteem, estimation. RESPECTFUL, obedient, dutiful. RESPITE, reprieve ; interval. RESPONSE, answer, reply, rejoin- der, replication. RESPONSIBLE, answerable, ac- countable, amenable. REST, cessation, stop, intermis- sion ; ease, quiet, repose ; re- mainder, residue, remnant. To RESTORE, return, give back, repay. RESTORATION, restitution, retribu- tion, reparation, compensation, requital, amends. To RESTRAIN, repress, coerce, re- strict. To RESTRICT, bound, limit, con- fine, circumscribe. RESULT, effect, consequence, issue, event. To RETAIN, hold, keep, detain, re- serve. RETALIATION, reprisal, repay- ment. To RETARD, delay, defer, pro- tract, prolong, postpone, pro- crastinate, hinder. To RETIRE, recede, retrograde, retrocede, retreat ; withdraw, secede. j RETIREMENT, privacy, seclusion. RETORT, repartee. To RETRACT, recall, revoke, re- cant, abjure. RETREAT, asylum, shelter, refuge. To RETREAT. See RETIRE. RETRIBUTION, requital, repay- ment. To RETRIEVE, recover, repair, re- cruit, regain. To RETROCEDE. See RETIRE. To RETROGRADE, go backward. See RETIRE. RETROSPECT, review, silrvey. To RETURN, revert; restore, re- pay. To I\EVEAL, divulge, disclose, make known, communicate, open, impart. To REVENGE, avenge, vindicate. REVENGEFUL, vindictive, resent- ful. To REVERBERATE, rebound, re- coil. To REVERE, reverence, adore, ve- nerate. REVERENCE, awe, dread ; honor, respect. To REVERSE, invert, overturn, subvert, return. REVERY, dream. REVIEW, retrospect, survey ; revi- sal, revision. To REVILE, vilify. REVISAL, revision, review. To REVIVE, refresh, renew, reno- vate. To REVOKE, recall, retract; .abo- lish, abrogate, annul, repeal, cancel, destroy, annihilate. REVOLT, insurrection, sedition, re- bellion. REWARD, compensation, amends, satisfaction, remuneration, re- compense, requital. RHETORIC, elocution, eloquence, oratory. RICHES, wealth, opulence, afflu- ence. To RIDICULE, laugh at, deride, ROU 283 SAL mock, satirize, lampoon, rally, banter. RIDICULE, satire, sarcasm, bur- lesque, irony, banter. RIDICULOUS, absurd, preposterous, ludicrous, droll. RIGHT, straight, direct; just, proper ; claim, privilege, immu- nity. RIGHTEOUS, upright, just, honest, virtuous, incorrupt, equitable, godly. KIGID, rigorous, austere, stern ; harsh, severe. RIM, border, edge, brim, brink, margin. RIND, skin, peel, hide. RIPF.NESS, maturity, perfection, puberty. To RISE, arise, mount, ascend, climb, scale. RISE, origin, source, original. RITE, form, ceremony, observ- ance. RIVALRY, emulation, competi- tion. ROAD, way, route, course, path. To ROAM, rove, wander, stroll, ramble, range. ROBBERY, depredation, theft, plun- der. ROBUST, strong, firm, sturdy. ROLL, list, register, catalogue. . ROMANCE, fable, tale, novel. ROOM, space, extent ; chamber, apartment. ROOMY, capacious, ample, spa- cious. To ROOT out, eradicate, extermi- nate, extirpate. To ROT, putrefy, decay, corrupt. ROTTEN, putrefied, putrid, de- cayed, corrupt, carious. ROTUNDITY, roundness, circularity. To ROVE, wander, stroll, ramble, roam, range. ROUGH, rugged, rude, harsh, se- vere. ROUND, circuit, tour, sphere, orb, globe. ROUNDNESS, circularity, rotundity, globosity, sphericity. To ROUSE, awaken, stir up, excite, provoke. To ROUT, beat, defeat, overpower, overthrow. ROUTE, way, road, course. Row, tumult, broil, commotion, riot, disturbance, affray, uproar. ROYAL, regal, kingly. To RUB, chafe, fret," gall. RUDE, coarse, rough; uncouth, unpolished; impertinent, sau- cy, impudent, insolent. RUEFUL, piteous, doleful, woful. RUGGED, rough, rude, harsh. RUIN, destruction ; bane, pest. RUINOUS, pernicious, destructive. RULE, order, method; law, max- im, precept, guide, regulation, government. RULING, prevailing, prevalent, predominant. RUMOR, fame, report, bruit. RUPTURE, fracture, fraction. RURAL, rustic. RUSTIC, rural ; countryman, pea- sant, swain, hind, clown. S SACRAMENT, Lord's supper, eu- charist. SACRED, holy, divine. SAD. sorrowful, mournful, melan- choly, dull, dejected, depressed, gloomy, cheerless. SAFE, secure, fearless ; trusty, trustworthy. SAGE, sagacious, sapient, wise, prudent ; grave. SAGACITY, acuteness, discernment, penetration. SAILOR, mariner, seaman. SALARY, allowance, stipend, pay, wages, hire. SAKE, account, reason, purpose, end. SALUBRIOUS, salutary, healthy, wholesome. SCA 284 SED SALUTARY, advantageous. See also SALUBRIOUS. SALUTATION, greeting, address. SALUTIFEROUS, healthy. SAMENESS, identity. To SANCTION, countenance, sup port. SANCTITY, holiness. SANE, sound, healthy. SANGUINARY, bloody, bloodthirsty. To SAP, undermine, subvert. SAPIENT, sagacious, wise, sage. SARCASM, satire, ridicule, irony. To SATIATE, satisfy, glut, cloy. SATIRE, ridicule, irony, sarcasm ; wit, humor, burlesque. SATISFACTION, compensation, amends, remuneration, recom- pense, requital, reward ; con- tentment. To SATISFY, please, gratify ; sa- tiate, glut, cloy. SAUCY, impertinent, rude, impu- dent, insolent. SAVAGE, cruel, inhuman, brutal, barbarous ; ferocious, fierce. To SAVE, rescue, deliver ; spare, protect; preserve. SAVING, economical, sparing, fru- gal, thrifty ; penurious, nig- gardly, stingy. To SAUNTER, linger, loiter, lag, tarry. SAVOR, taste, flavor, relish. To SAY, speak, tell. SAYING, adage, maxim, aphorism, apophthegm, proverb, by-word, saw. To SCALE, rise, mount, ascend, climb. SCANDAL, discredit, disgrace, re- proach, infamy. To SCANDALIZE, accuse falsely, asperse, calumniate, dentine, detract, slander, vilify, offend. SCARCE, rare, singular ; hardly, scantily. SCARCITY, dearth, penury. To SCATTER, spread, disperse, dis- sipate. SCENT, smell, odor, perfume, fra- grance. SCHEME, design, plan, project. SCHOLAR, disciple, pupil. SCHOOL, academy, seminary. SCIENCE, knowledge, learning, erudition. To SCOFF, gibe, jeer, sneer. SCOPE, drift, aim, tendency. To SCORN, contemn, despise, dis- dain. To SCREAM, shriek, cry, screech. To SCREEN, cover, shelter, shield. SCRIBE, writer, penman. To SCRUPLE, hesitate, doubt, fluc- tuate. SCRUPULOUS, conscientious. To SCRUTINIZE, pry. dive into, ex- amine, investigate, inquire into, search. SCUM, dregs, sediment, refuse, dross. SCURRILOUS, abusive, reproachful, opprobrious, insolent, insulting, offensive. SEA, ocean, main. SEAMAN, sailor, mariner. SEARCH, scrutiny, inquiry, inves- tigation, examination, research, quest, pursuit. SEASONABLE, timely, opportune. To SECEDE, recede, retire, with- draw, retreat. SECLUSION, privacy, retirement. SECONDARY, second, inferior, sub- ordinate. SECRECY, concealment, privacy. SECRET, clandestine, concealed, hidden, occult, latent, myste- rious. SECULAR, temporal, worldly. i To SECURE, make sure, certain, guarantee. SECURE, certain, sure, safe. SECURITY, deposit, pledge ; fence, guard. SEDATE, composed, calm, quiet, serene, unruffled, still. SEDIMENT, dregs, dross, refuse, I scum. SEQ 285 SHA SEDITION, insurrection, rebellion, ' SERENE, calm, tranquil. revolt. I SERIES, course; successive or- SEDITIOUS, factious ; tumultuous, i der. turbulent, mutinous, rebellious. , SERIOUS, earnest, grave, solemn. To SEDUCE, allure, attract, decoy, j SERVANT, domestic, menia entice, tempt, abduct. SEDULOUS, diligent, assiduous. To SEE, look, behold, view, eye ; perceive, observe. To SEEK, search, explore, exam- ine. To SEEM, appear. SEEMLY, tit, suitable, meet, be- coming, decent. To SEIZE, catch, snatch, appre- hend, lay hold on, take. SEIZURE, capture. To SELECT, choose, pick. SELF-CONCEIT, self-sufficiency, va- nity. SEMBLANCE, show, outside appear- ance. To SEND away, dismiss, discharge, discard, despatch. SENIOR, elder. SENSATION, perception, senti- ment. SENSE, feeling, perception ; judg- ment ; signification, meaning, import. SENSIBILITY, feeling, susceptibili- ty- SENSITIVE, sensible, sentient. SENSUALIST, voluptuary, epicure. SENTENCE, decision, "judgment; proposition, period, phrase. To SENTENCE, condemn, doom. SENTIENT, sensible, sensitive. SENTIMENT, sensation, perception ; opinion, notion. SENTINEL, guard. SEPARATE, distinct, different, un- connected. To SEPARATE, detach, sever, di- vide, disjoin, disunite, disen gage, part, sunder. SEPULCHRE, grave, tomb. SEPULTURE, burial, interment, in- humation. SEQUEL, close, conclusion. menial, drudge. To SERVE, aid, assist, help, suc- cor, minister to, furnish, pro- vide. SERVICE, advantage, benefit, avail, use, utility. SERVITUDE, slavery, bondage. To SET, put, place, lay. To SET free, liberate, loose ; ac- quit, clear ; pardon, forgive. To SET apart, dedicate, devote ; consecrate, hallow. To SETTLE, adjust, compose; regu- late, arrange, determine, fix, establish. To SETTLE firmly, confirm, estab- lish, corroborate. SETTLED, determinate, definitive, decisive, conclusive. To SEVER, separate, disjoin, de- tach. SEVERAL, different, divers, sun- dry, various. SEVERE, rigid, austere, rigorous, harsh, stern, rough. SEVERE in remark, keen, cutting, sarcastic, satirical. SEX, gender. SHACKLE, fetter, manacle, chain. SHADE, shadow. To SHAKE, agitate, tremble, shud- der, shiver, quiver, quake. To SHAME, abash, confuse, con- found. SHAME, dishonor, disgrace. SHAMELESS, immodest, impudent, indecent, indelicate. SHAMEFUL (grossly), infamous, scandalous, disgraceful, oppro- brious, ignominious. To SHAPE, form, fashion, mould. To SHARE, divide, distribute, ap- portion, participate, partake. SHARP, acute, keen, shrewd. SHARPNESS, penetration, shrewd- SHU 286 SKI ness, acutcness, sagacity ; sour- ness, acidity, acrimony. To SHED, pour, spill. SHELTER, asylum, refuge, retreat. To SHELTER, cover, screen, har- bor, lodge. SHIFT, evasion, subterfuge; ex- pedient, resource, alternative. To SHINE, radiate, glitter, glis- ten, gleam, glare, sparkle, co- ruscate. SHINING, brilliant, splendid, re- splendent, bright, radiant, glit- tering. To SHOCK, offend, disgust ; ap- pall, dismay, terrify, affright, disturb. SHOCKING, formidable, dreadful, terrible. To SHOOT forth, sprout, bud, ger- minate. To SHOOT out, project, protrude. SHORT, brief, concise, compen- dious, summary, succinct, la- conic. To SHORTEN, curtail, contract, abridge, reduce. SHOUTING, declamation, applause, plaudit, exultation. SHOW, outside appearance, sem- blance ; exhibition, representa- tion, sight, spectacle ; parade, ostentation. To Snow, exhibit, discover, dis- play ; direct, point out, instruct, inform. SHOWY, ostentatious, gaudy, fine, gay, splendid, pompous, sump- tuous, magnificent, stately, grand. SHREWD, acute, keen, penetrat- ing. To SHRIEK, cry, scream, screech. To SHUDDER, shake, tremble, quake, quiver. To SHUFFLE, equivocate, prevari- cate, quibble, cavil, evade, so- phisticate. To Siiux, avoid, elude, eschew, evade. To SHUT, close. I SICK, sickly, diseased, morbid, ill, indisposed. : SIGHT, show, exhibition, represen- tation, spectacle. : SIGN, omen, prognostic, presage, bodement, signal, token ; mark, i sign, note, symptom. ! SIGNAL, memorable, remarkable, I eminent, distinguished. I SIGNIFICANT, expressive. SIGNIFICATION, meaning, import, sense ; avail, importance, con- sequence, moment, weight. To SIGNIFY, denote, imply, ex- press, declare, testify, "utter, betoken, intimate. SILENCE, taciturnity ; stillness. SILENT, dumb, mute, speechless. SILLY, simple, foolish. SIMILARITY, likeness, resemblance, similitude. SIMILE, similitude, comparison. ! SIMILITUDE, likeness, resemblance, similarity. SIMPLE, silly, foolish; single, sin- gular. SIMULATION, dissimulation, feint, pretence. SINCERE, unvarnished, honest, un- dissembling, upright, true, un- corrupt ; plain, frank. SINGLE, only, sole, singular, par- ticular. SINGULAR, particular, odd, eccen- tric, strange, rare, scarce. To SINK, droop, drop, fall, tum- ble. SITE, place, spot, situation, locali- ty- SITUATION, condition, state, plight, case, predicament ; place, site, station, position, post, locality. SIZE, greatness, magnitude, bulk. : To SKETCH, depict, delineate, por- tray, paint. SKETCH, outline, draught. SKILFUL, clever, expert, dextrous, adroit. : SKIN, hide, peel, rind, pelt, husk. SOB 287 SOU SLACK, loose, relaxed. To SLANDER, accuse falsely, as- perse, calumniate, defame, de- tract, scandalize, vilify. SLAVERY, servitude, bondage, cap- tivity. SLAUGHTER, carnage, massacre butchery. To SLAY, kill, murder, assassi nate. To SLEEP, slumber, nap, doze, drowse. SLEEPY, drowsy, lethargic. SLENDER, slight, slim, thin. To SLIDE, slip, glide. SLIGHT, slender, slim ; cursory, hasty, desultory ; neglect, con- tempt, scorn. To SLIP, slide, glide. SLOTHFUL, lazy, inactive, slug- gish, inert. SLOW, dilatory, tardy, tedious, dull. SLUGGISH, inactive, inert, lazy, slothful. To SLUMBER, sleep, doze, nap, drowse. SLY, cunning, crafty, subtle, wily. SMALL, little, diminutive, mi- nute. SMARTNESS, quickness, liveliness, briskness ; pungency, tartness. To SMEAR, daub, besmear. SMELL, scent, odor, perfume, fra- grance. SMOOTH, even, plain, level. To SMOTHER, stifle, suppress, suffocate. SNARLING, cynical, snappish, waspish. To SNATCH, catch, seize, grasp, gripe. SNEAKING, crouching, servile. To SNEER, scoff, gibe, jeer. To SOAK, steep, imbrue ; drench, macerate. SOBER, moderate, abstemious, ab- stinent, temperate ; grave. SOBRIETY, moderation, temper- ance, modesty. 19 i SOCIAL, sociable, convivial, con- versable, familiar, companion- able. SOCIETY, association, company, community, fellowship. SOFT, flexible, supple, ductile, pliant, lithe, pliable, yielding, compliant, docile, tractable ; mild, gentle, meek. To SOIL, stain, sully, tarnish. To SOJOURN, dwell, reside, in- habit; tarry, stay. SOLACE, consolation, comfort, re- creation. SOLE, solitary, single, only, alone. SOLEMN, grave, serious. To SOLICIT, ask, request, crave, entreat, beg, beseech, implore, supplicate. SOLICITATION, importunity, invi- tation. SOLICITUDE, care, anxiety. SOLID, hard, substantial, firm, table. SOLITARY, sole, only, alone, sin- gle, lonely ; retired, remote ; desolate, desert. To SOLVE, resolve, explain, clear up. SOME, any. SOON, early, betimes; quickly, promptly. To SOOTHE, allay, appease, as- suage, compose, calm, tranquil- lize, pacify, mitigate. To SOPHISTICATE, adulterate, cor- rupt, vitiate. SORDID, mean, covetous, nig- gardly, gross. SORROW, affliction, grief. SORRY, grieved, hurt, afflicted, affected, mortified, vexed, cha- grined. SORT, species, kind. SOVEREIGN, prince, monarch, po- tentate. SOUND, healthy, hearty, KMK-; tone. SOUR, acid, sharp, tart, acrimo- nious, acetose, acetous. SPI 288 STA SOURNESS of manner, acrimony asperity, harshness. SOURCE, origin, rise, spring, foun- tain. SPACE, room. SPACIOUS, ample, capacious. To SPARE, afford, give, impart, communicate. SPARING, economical, saving, thrifty. SPARK, gallant, beau. To SPARKLE, shine, glitter, glare, radiate, coruscate. To SPEAK, say, tell, talk, con- verse, discourse, utter, articu- late, pronounce. To SPEAK to, accost, address, di course. SPECIAL, specific, particular. SPECIES, kind, sort. SPECIFIC, particular, special. SPECIMEN, model, pattern, sam- ple. SPECIOUS, colorable, ostensible, plausible, feasible. SPECK, stain, spot, flaw, blem- ish. SPECTACLE, show, sight, exhibi- tion, representation, pageant. SPECTATOR, looker-on, beholder, observer. SPECTRE, ghost, phantom, appa- rition. SPECULATION, theory, scheme. SPEECH, oration, address, ha- rangue. SPEECHLESS, dumb, silent, mute. To SPEED, hasten, accelerate, ex- pedite, despatch. To SPEND, expend ; exhaust, dis- sipate, squander, waste. SPHERE, circle, globe, orb. To SPILL, pour/shed. SPIRITED, lively, animated, viva- cious, ardent, active. SPIRITS, animation, life, vivacity ; courage, enterprise. SPIRITUAL, immaterial, incorpo- real. SPITE, rancor, malice, malevo- lence, malignity; pique, grudge. SPLENDOR, lustre, brightness, bril- liancy ; magnificence, pomp, pa- geantry. SPLENETIC, morose, gloomy, sul- len. To SPLIT, break, burst; crack. SPOIL, booty, prey. SPONTANEOUSLY, voluntarily, wil- lingly. SPORT, amusement, diversion, en- tertainment, recreation, pas- time ; play, game. SPORTIVE, lively, jocund, spright- ly, vivacious' merry. SPOT, place, site, locality ; speck, stain, flaw. SPOTLESS, unspotted, unblemish- ed ; blameless, irreproacha- ble. To SPREAD, scatter, expand, dif- fuse, disperse, distribute, circu- late, propagate, disseminate, dispensate. SPRIGHTLY, active, agile, assidu- ous, alert, brisk. SPRING, fountain, source. To SPRING, arise, issue, proceed, flow, emanate. To SPRINKLE, bedew, besprinkle ; scatter. To SPROUT, bud, germinate, shoot forth. SPRUCE, finical, foppish, dandy- ish. SPURIOUS, counterfeit, suppositi- tious, not genuine. SPY, emissary. To SQUANDER, spend, expend, waste. SQUEAMISH, fastidious, over-nice, finical. SQUEEZE, press, pinch, gripe. STABILITY, fixedness, firmness, steadiness. STAFF, stick, crutch ; prop, stay, support. To STAGGER, reel, totter. To STAGNATE, stand, stop, rest. STAIN, blot, blemish, spot, speck, flaw. To STAIN, color, dye, tinge. STI 289 STR To STAIN or dirt, blot, maculate, spot, foul, soil, tarnish, sully, pollute. To STAMMER, stutter; hesitate, falter. STAMP, mark, impression, print. To STAND, stop, rest, stagnate. STANDARD, criterion, rule, test. To STARE, gape, gaze. To START, startle, shrink. STATE, condition, situation, posi- tion, predicament, case, plight. STATION, situation, position, post, place. STATELY, magisterial, majestic, pompous, dignified, august. STAY, staff, support, prop. To STAY, remain, abide, con- tinue. STATE in life, station, situation, condition, circumstances, rank, degree, post. STEADINESS, constancy, firmness, stability. To STEAL away, withdraw, ab- scond. To STEEP, soak, drench. STERILITY, unfruitfulness, barren- ness, aridity. STERN, austere, severe, rigid, rig- orous. To STICK, hold, cleave, fasten, ad- here, attach, fix. STICKING to, adherent, adhesive, tenacious. STICKING together, cohesion, ag- glutination. To STIFLE, suppress, smother; suffocate, choke. STIGMA, mark, badge. To STILL, quiet, calm, lull, allay, pacify, assuage, appease ; sub- due, suppress. To STIMULATE, animate, incite, encourage, impel, urge, insti- gate, irritate, exasperate, in- cense. STIPEND, allowance, pay, wages, salary, hire. To STIR up, awaken, rouse, in- cite, animate, excite, stimulate, provoke. STOCK, store, fund, supply, accu- mulation, hoard, provision. STOP, cessation, rest, intermis- sion. To STOP, check, hinder, impede. STORE. See STOCK. STORM, blast, tempest, hurricane. STORY, tale, anecdote, memoir, in' cident. STOUT, corpulent, lusty. STRAIGHT, right, direct. STRAIT, narrow. STRANGE, particular, odd, singu- lar, eccentric. STRANGER, foreigner, alien. STRATAGEM, artifice, trick, finesse, deception, cheat, imposture, de- lusion, fraud, deceit, imposition. To STRAY, deviate, wander, swerve, rove, ramble, err. STREAM, current, tide. STRENGTH, power, force, autho- rity. To STRENGTHEN, fortify, invigo- rate, animate. STRENUOUS, bold, zealous, vehe- ment, vigorous, ardent. To STRETCH, extend, reach. STRICT, accurate, exact, nice ; rigorous, severe. STRICTURE, animadversion, criti- cism, censure. STRIFE, dissension, contention, discord. To STRIKE, hit, beat. A STRIKING together, collision, clashing. To STRIP, bereave, deprive, divest; rob, plunder, pillage. To STRIVE, contend, vie ; endea- vor, aim, struggle. STROKE, blow, knock. To STROLL, wander, ramble, rove, roam, range. STRONG, forcible, cogent, potent, efficacious ; powerful, vigorous, stout, robust, hardy, firm, mus- cular. SUB 290 SUP STRUCTURK, edifice, fabric. To STRUGGLE, contend, contest, strive, endeavor, labor. STUBBORN, obstinate, contuma- cious, unyielding, headstrong, heady. STUDY, attention, application. STUPID, dull, doltish. STURDY, strong, firm, robust. To STUTTER, stammer, hesitate, falter. STYLE, diction, phraseology. To STYLE, name, denominate, en- title, characterize, designate. SUAVITY, urbanity, sweetness. To SUBDUE, overbear, overpower, overcome, surmount, conquer, vanquish, subjugate. SUBJECT, matter, materials, ob- ject ; exposed, liable, obnox- ious ; subordinate, subservient, inferior. To SUBJECT, subjugate, subdue. To SUBJOIN, affix, attach, connect, add to. SUBLIME, great, grand, exalted, lofty, elevated. SUBMISSIVE, compliant, yielding, obedient, obsequious ; humble, modest, passive. To SUBMIT, comply, yield. SUBORDINATE, subject, inferior, subservient. To SUBORN, perjure, forswear. SUBSEQUENT, consequent, poste- rior. SUBSERVIENT, subject, subordi- nate, inferior. To SUBSIDE, abate, intermit. To SUBSIST, exist, to be. SUBSISTENCE, living, livelihood, sustenance, support, mainte- nance. SUBSTANTIAL, solid ; strong, stout, bulky ; responsible. To SUBSTITUTE, change, ex- change. SUBTERFUGE, evasion, shift, quirk. SUBTLE, cunning, crafty, sly, wily. To SUBTRACT, deduct, withdraw. To SUBVERT, overturn, overthrow, invert, reverse. To SUCCEED, follow, ensue ; obtain one's object. SUCCESSFUL, fortunate, lucky, prosperous. SUCCESSION, series, order. SUCCESSIVE, alternate. SUCCINCT, brief, short, concise, compendious, summary, laco- nic. To SUCCOR, aid, assist, help, re- lieve, cherish. SUDDEN, unexpected, unanticipat- ed, unlooked-for. To SUFFER, bear, endure, support, sustain ; admit, allow, permit, tolerate. SUFFICIENT, enough, competent, adequate. To SUFFOCATE, stifle, smother, choke. SUFFRAGE, vote, voice. To SUGGEST, allude, hint, refer to, glance at, intimate, insinu- ate. To SUIT, answer, fit, serve ; agree, accord. SUIT, prayer, request, petition. SUITABLE, fit, apt, meet, becom- ing, expedient, seemly ; agree- able, conformable ; convenient. SUITOR, wooer, lover. SULLEN, gloomy, morose, sple- netic. To SULLY, stain, tarnish, soil. SUMMARY, brief, short, compen- dious, succinct, laconic. To SUMMON, call, cite, bid, in- vite. SUNDRY, different, several, va- rious, diverse. SUPERFICIAL, shallow, flimsy. SUPERFICIES, surface. SUPERFLUITY, excess, redundancy. SUPERIORITY, excellence, pre-emi- nence. SUPERINTENDENCY, inspection, oversight, superintendence. sus 291 TAL SUPERSCRIPTION, direction, ad- dress. To SUPERSEDE, overrule, set aside. SUPINE, indolent, listless, care- less. SUPPLE, flexible, pliant, bending. To SUPPLICATE, beg, solicit, be- seech, entreat, implore, crave. To SUPPLY, furnish, provide, ad- minister, minister, contribute. To SUPPORT, sustain, stay, prop, uphold, maintain; assist, coun- tenance, favor, second, for- ward, patronize, promote, en- courage ; nurture, nourish, che- rish, protect, shield, defend. To SUPPOSE, conceive, appre- hend, imagine, think, believe, deem. SUPPOSITION, conjecture, surmise, guess. SUPPOSITITIOUS, spurious, counter- feit, not genuine. To SUPPRESS, repress, restrain, put down, stifle, smother. SURE, infallible, certain, indis- putable ; safe, secure ; confi- dent. SURFACE, superficies. SURGE, wave, billow, breaker. SURMISE, conjecture, supposition. To SURMOUNT, rise above, over- come, subdue, vanquish, con- quer. To SURPASS, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip. SURPRISE, wonder, astonishment, admiration, amazement. To SURRENDER, give up, deliver, yield, cede. To" SURROUND, environ, encom- pass, encircle ; enclose, in- vest. SURVEY, review, retrospect ; view prospect. To SURVIVE, outlive. SUSCEPTIBILITY, sensibility, feel ing. SUSPENSE, doubt, indetermina- SUSPICION, jealousy, distrust, dif- fidence. To SUSTAIN, support, maintain, bear up. SUSTENANCE, living, livelihood, subsistence, support, mainte- nance. SWAIN, countryman, peasant, rus- tic, hind, clown. To. SWALLOW up, absorb, imbibe, ingulf, engross, consume. SWARM, multitude, throng, crowd, SWAY, influence, authority, as- cendency, rule. To SWELL, heave ; rise, protuber, ate, enlarge. To SWELL out, extend, enlarge, expand, dilate. SWELLING, turgid, tumid. To SWERVE, deviate, wander, stray. SWIFTNESS, quickness, fleetness, rapidity, celerity, velocitv. SYCOPHANT, flatterer, parasite. SYMBOL, emblem, figure, type ; metaphor. SYMMETRY, proportion, harmony. SYMPATIIY, compassion, commis- eration, condolence ; fellow- feeling ; agreement. SYMPTOM, mark, note, sign, token, indication. SYNOD, assembly, meeting, convo- cation, diet, congress, congre- gation, convention. SYSTEM, method ; scheme. TACITURNITY, silence. To TAINT, contaminate, defile, pollute, corrupt, infect, vitiate. To TAKE, accept, receive ; seize. To TAKE heed, guard against. To TAKE from, deduct, subtract, abstract. To TAKE out, extract. TALE, anecdote, story, fable, inci- dent, memoir, narrative. TALENT, ability, faculty, gift, en- dowment. TEM THO TAK, conversation, colloquy, dis- course, chat, dialogue, confer- ence, communication. TALKATIVENESS, garrulity, loqua- city. TALL, high, lofty. TAME, gentle. To TANTALISE, aggravate, pro- voke, irritate, vex, tease, taunt, torment. TARDY, slow, dilatory, tedious. To TARNISH, stain, sully, soil. To TARRY, await, loiter, continue, linger, saunter. TARTNESS, acrimony, asperity, acerbity, harshness. TASK, work, labor, toil, drudg- ery. TASTE, judgment, discernment, perception, sensibility ; savor, relish, flavor, gout. To TAUNT, tease, vex, tantalize, torment. TAUTOLOGY, repetition. TAX, impost, tribute, contribution, duty, toll, rate, assessment, cus- tom. To TEACH, inform, instruct. To TEAR, rend, rack, break. To TEASE, vex, tantalize, plague, torment, mortify, chagrin. TEDIOUS, slow, dilatory, tardy ; wearisome, tiresome. TEGUMENT, covering. To TELL, make known, communi- cate, impart, reveal, disclose, inform, acquaint, report. To TELL over, repeat, recite, re- hearse, recapitulate, enumerate. TEMERITY, rashness, precipitancy, heedlessness. TEMPER, disposition, tempera- ment, constitution ; frame, mood, humor. To TEMPER, gratify, humor, mo- dify ; soften, assuage, mollify, soothe, calm. TEMPERAMENT, frame, constitu- tion, temper. TEMPERANCE, moderation, sobrie- ty, modesty. TEMPERATE, moderate, abstinent, abstemious, sober. TEMPEST, blast, gale, storm, hur- ricane. TEMPORAL, worldly, secular. TEMPORARY, transient, transitory, fleeting. TEMPORIZING, time-serving. To TEMPT, allure, attract, decoy, entice, seduce ; try. TENDENCY, inclination, propen- sity, proneness ; drift, scope, aim. To TENDER, offer, propose, bid. TENDERNESS, benignity, humanity, benevolence, kindness. TENET, doctrine, opinion, princi- ple, position. TERM, condition, stipulation ; limit, boundary ; word, expres- sion. To TERMINATE, complete, finish, close, end. TERRIBLE, terrific, fearful, dread- ful, shocking, frightful, horri- ble. TERRITORY, domain. TERROR, alarm, fright, consterna- tion. * TEST, criterion, standard ; expe- rience, experiment, trial, proof. To TESTIFY, declare, signify, ut- ter. TESTIMONY, proof, evidence. THEORY, speculation. j THEREFORE, consequently, accord- in gly- THICK, dense, close, compact, solid ; gross, coarse. THIN, lean, meagre, slim, slender, rare, slight. To THINK, cogitate, consider, re- flect, ponder, deliberate, con- template, meditate, muse ; con- ceive, imagine, suppose, opine, believe, deem, fancy. THOUGHT, imagination, concep- tion, fancy, idea ; conceit, no- tion, supposition, consideration, meditation, reflection, contem- plation, cogitation, deliberation. TOR 293 TRA THOUGHTFUL, considerate, delibe- rate, attentive, careful, wary, circumspect, discreet; reflective, contemplative. THREAT, menace. THREATENING, imminent, impend- ing. THRIFTY, economical, saving, sparing, careful, penurious. To THRIVE, nourish, prosper. THRONG, multitude, crowd, swarm. To THROW, cast, hurl. To THROW back, reject, retort ; re- flect. To THROW in, inject. To THWART, oppose, resist, with- stand. TIDE, current, stream. TIDINGS, news, intelligence. TILLAGE, cultivation, husbandry. TIME, duration ; period, age, date, era, epoch ; season. TIMELY, seasonably, opportune. TIME-SERVING, temporizing. TIMID, timorous, fearful, afraid. TIMIDITY, pusillanimity, fear, cowardice. To TINGE, dye, color, stain. TINT, hue, color. To TIRE, weary, jade, harass. TIRED, fatigued, wearied, jaded, harassed. TIRESOME, tedious, wearisome. TITLE, denomination, name, ap- pellation. TOIL, labor, drudgery. TOKEN, mark, sign, note, symp- tom, indication. To TOLERATE, admit, allow, per- mit, suffer. TOLL, tax, custom, duty, impost, contribution. TOMB, grave, sepulchre. TONE, sound. TONGUE, language, speech, idiom, dialect. TORMENT, torture. To TORMENT, tease, vex, tanta- lize, taunt, torment. TORPID, benumbed, numb. To Toss, shake, agitate. TOTAL, gross, whole, entire, com- plete. To TOTTER, stagger, reel. TOUCH, contact. TOUCHING, affecting, moving, pa- thetic. TOUR, circuit, round, excursion, ramble, trip, jaunt. To TRACE, derive, deduce. TRACE, mark, track, vestige. TRACT, essay, treatise, disserta- tion ; district, region, quarter. TRACTABLE, docile, ductile. TRADE, business, profession, occu- pation, calling, office, avocation, employment ; commerce, deal- ing, traffic. TRADER, merchant, tradesman. To TRADUCE, disparage, detract, depreciate, degrade, decry. TRAFFIC, commerce, exchange, barter, dealing, truck, trade. TRAIN, retinue, procession. TRAITOROUS, treacherous, treason- able. To TRANQUILLIZE, appease, allay, assuage; compose, soothe, calm, pacify. TRANQUILLITY, peace, quiet, calm, repose. To TRANSACT, negotiate, treat for, or about. TRANSACTION, proceeding. To TRANSCEND, exceed, surpass, excel, outdo. To TRANSCRIBE, copy. To TRANSFIGURE, transform, meta- morphose. TRANSGRESSION, offence, infringe- ment ; misdemeanor, misdeed, affront, TRANSIENT, transitory, temporary, fleeting. TRANSPARENT, pellucid, translu- cent, transpicuous, diaphanous, pervious. To TRANSPORT, bear, carry, con- vey. TRO UNB TRANSPORT, ecstasy, rapture. TRAVEL, journey, tour. TREACHEROUS, faithless, perfidious, insidious. TREASONABLE, treacherous, trai- torous. To TREASURE, hoard, deposit, lay up. TREAT, feast, banquet, carousal, entertainment. To TREAT for, or about, nego- tiate. TREATMENT, usage ; entertain- ment. TREMBLING, tremor, trepidation, shaking, shivering, quivering. TREMENDOUS, dreadful, frightful, terrible, terrific, horrid, horri- ble. TREMOR. See TREMBLING. TREPIDATION, agitation, tremor, disturbance, emotion, trem- bling. TRESPASS, offence, transgression, misdemeanor, misdeed. TRIAL, experiment, proof, test ; attempt, endeavor, effort. TRIBUTE. See TAX. TRICK, artifice, stratagem, wile, fraud, cheat, juggle, finesse, sleight, deception, imposture, delusion, imposition. TRIFLING, trivial, futile, petty, frivolous, unimportant, incon- siderable, light, slight, worth- less. TRIP, excursion, ramble, tour, jaunt. TRIVIAL. See TRIFLING. To TROUBLE, afflict, distress, ha- rass, perplex, disturb, molest. TROUBLES, distress, affliction, ad- versity, calamity, misfortune ; difficulties, embarrassments, perplexities, vexations, anxie- ties, sorrow, misery. TROUBLESOME, vexatious, perplex- ing, harassing, annoying, dis- gusting, disturbing, irksome, afflictive. To TRUCK, exchange, barter, com- mute. TRUE, sincere, honest, upright, plain. TRUST, belief, credit, faith, confi- dence ; hope, expectation. TRUSTY, faithful. To give in TRUST, intrust, com- mit, confide, consign, charge. TRUTH, veracity, honesty, faith- fulness, fidelity. To TRY, attempt, endeavor, essay ; tempt. To TUG, haul, pull, pluck, hale. To TUMBLE, fall, sink, drop, droop. TUMID, turgid, bombastic. TUMULT, uproar, commotion, riot. TURBULENT, tumultuous, riotous, seditious, mutinous. TURGID, tumid, bombastic. TURN, gyration, meander; cast, bent, character. To TURN, revolve, circulate, whirl, twirl, wheel ; bend, twist, distort, wring, wrest, con- tort. To TWIST. See TURN. TYPE, symbol, figure, emblem. TYRANNICAL, absolute, arbitrary, despotic, imperious. ULTIMATE, last, latest, final. UMPIRE, arbiter, arbitrator, judge. UNANTICIPATED, unexpected, un- looked-for ; sudden. UNAVOIDABLE, not to be avoided, inevitable. UNBELIEF, disbelief; infidelity, incredulity, skepticism. UNBLEMISHED, blameless, spotless, unspotted, irreproachable. UNBODIED, incorporeal, immate- rial, spiritual. UNBOUNDED, boundless, infinite, unlimited, illimitable, intermi- nable. UNG 295 UXS UNBURY, disinter, disentomb, ex- hume, exhumate. UNCEASINGLY, uninterruptedly, always, constantly, continually, perpetually, ever. UNCERTAIN, doubtful, dubious, precarious ; equivocal. UNCOMMON, rare, scarce, unique, choice, singular. UNCONCERN-ED, indifferent, regard- less. UNCONQUERABLE, invincible, insu- perable, insurmountable. UNCOUTH, odd, strange, awk- ward, clumsy, unhandy, unpo- lite. To UNCOVER, discover, strip, de- nude. UNDAUNTED, bold, fearless, intre- pid. UNDENIABLE, indubitable, indis- putable, incontrovertible, un- questionable, irrefragable. UNDER, below, beneath, subja- cent, lower. To UNDERMIVE, sap. To UNDERSTAND, comprehend, conceive, apprehend. UNDERSTANDING, intellect, intelli- gence, faculty ; comprehension, apprehension, perception, con- ception. UNDERTAKING, enterprise, attempt, engagement. UNDETERMINED, unsettled, un- steady, irresolute, unresolved, hesitating, doubtful, fluctuat- ing, wavering. UNEXPECTED, sudden, unlocked for, unanticipated. UNFAITHFUL, perfidious, treacher- ous: undutiful, disloyal. UNFEELING, insensible, unsuscep- tible, callous, obdurate. To UNFOLD, develop, divulge, un- ravel, expand. UNFRUITFULNESS, barrenness, ste- rility, aridity. UNGOVERNABLE, unruly, refracto- ry, obstreperous. UNHANDY, awkward, clumsy, un- couth, untoward. UNHAPPY, miserable, wretched, distressed, afflicted ; untbrtus nate, calamitous. UNIFORM, equal, even, equable, alike. UNIMPORTANT, insignificant, im- material, inconsiderable, trivial, trifling, petty. UNINTERRUPTEDLY, unceasingly, incessantly, unintermitting. UNISON, accordance, agreement, harmony ; melody. To UNITE, join, combine, connect, coalesce. UNIVERSAL, general. UNLEARNED, illiterate, unlettered, ignorant. UNLIKE, dissimilar. UNLIMITED, boundless, unbound- ed, illimitable, infinite. UNLOOKED-FOR, unanticipated ; sudden. UNMERCIFUL, merciless, hard- hearted, cruel. UNOFFENDING, inoffensive, harm- less. UNQUESTIONABLE, indubitable, in- disputable, incontrovertible, ir- refragable, undeniable. To UNRAVEL, unfold, develop; disentangle, extricate. UNRELENTING, relentless, impla- cable, inexorable. UNRULY, ungovernable, refracto- ry- UNSEARCHABLE, inscrutable. To UNSETTLE, disconcert, dis- compose, dis rrange, derange, displace, ruffle, disorder, con- fuse. UNSETTLE, undetermined, un- steady, wavering. UNSPEAKABLE, ineffable, unutter- able, inexpressible. UNSPOTTED. See SPOTLESS. UNSTABLE, infirm, changeable, I mutable, wavering. ! UNSTEADY. See UNSETTLED. VAL 296 VEX UNSUSCEPTIBLE, unfeeling, insen- sible, hard, callous. UNTIMELY, premature, inoppor- tune, unseasonable. UNTOWARD, awkward; uncouth; froward, perverse. UNTRUTH, falsehood, falsity, lie, mendacity. UNUTTERABLE. See UNSPEAKA- BLE. UNWILLING, averse, backward, loth, reluctant. UNWORTHY, worthless ; mean, contemptible, vile. To UPBRAID, blame, reprove, re- proach, censure, condemn. UPRIGHTNESS, rectitude, integrity, probity, honesty. UPROAR, bustle, tumult, disturb- ance. URBANITY, suavity, affability, complaisance, courtesy. To URGE, animate, incite, impel, instigate, stimulate ; encourage. URGENT, pressing, importunate. USAGE, custom, prescription ; treatment. USE, usage, practice, habit ; avail, advantage, utility, benefit, ser- vice. USUALLY, generally, commonly. To USURP, arrogate, assume, ap- propriate. UTILITY, advantage, benefit, ser- vice, avail, use. To UTTER, speak, articulate, pro- nounce, express. UTTERED by the mouth, oral, vo- cal, verbal. VACANCY, vacuity, chasm, inani- ty- VACANT, empty, void, devoid; idle. VACUITY. See VACANCY. VAGUE, loose, lax. VAIN, idle, fruitless, ineffectual. VALE, valley, dale, dingle, dell. VALEDICTION, farewell, taking leave. VALOR, bravery, courage, gal- lantry, boldness, intrepidity ; fearlessness. VALUABLE, precious, costly, esti- mable. VALUE, worth, rate, price; ac- count, estimation, appreciation. To VALUE, compute, rate, calcu- late, appraise, assess ; appre- ciate, estimate ; esteem, re- spect, regard, prize. VANITY, pride, conceit. To VANQUISH, conquer, subdue, surmount, overcome. VARIABLE, changeable, fickle, wa- vering, versatile, unsteady. VARIATION, change, vicissitude, variety. VARIETY, difference, diversity, change, medley. VARIOUS, different, divers, seve- ral, sundry. To VARNISH, gloss, palliate. To VARY, change, alter; differ, disagree, dissent. VAST, enormous, huge, im- mense. To VAUNT, glory, boast, brag. VAUNTING, boasting, ostentation, vain-glory, parade. VEHEMENT, ardent, hot, eager, firm, passionate, impetuous, vi- olent. VEIL, mask, cloak, blind, cover- ing. I VELOCITY, quickness, swiftness, j fleetness, celerity, rapidity. [VENAL, mercenary, hireling. To VENERATE, adore, revere, re- verence. VENIAL, pardonable. VENTURE, hazard, risk. VERACITY, truth, integrity. VERBAL, vocal, oral. VERGE, border, edge, rim, brim, brink, margin. VESTIGE, mark, trace, track. To VEZ, tease, plague, tanta- TIT 297 lize, torment, mortify, chagrin, \ VIVACIOUS, offend VEXATION, chagrin, mortification ; uneasiness, trouble. VICE, imperfection, defect, fault ; crime. VICINITY, neighborhood. Vicious corrupt, depraved, pro- fligate, wicked. VICISSITUDE, change, variation. VICTOR, conqueror, vanquisher. To VIE, contend, strive. To VIEW, look, see, behold, eye. VIEW, survey, prospect; land- scape. VIGILANT, watchful, wakeful. VIGOR, energy, force, strength, efficacy. VIGOROUS, strong; active, agile, alert, brisk, nimble, sedulous, dtlisent. WAR animated, lively, sportive, jocund, VILE, base, mean, worthless, des- To VOUCH, obtest, attest, warrant ; picable, wicked. To VILIFY, accuse falsely, asperse, calumniate, defame, detract, scandalize, slander. To VINDICATE, defend, protect; clear. VINDICTIVE, resentful, revenge- ful. To VIOLATE, ' infringe, trans- gress; inure; deflower. hurt; ravish, VIOLENT, forcible, vehement, bois- terous, turbulent, furious, im- petuous, passionate. VISAGE, face, countenance. VISIBLE, apparent, obvious, clear, plain, evident, discernible, ma- nifest, distinct. VISION, apparition, phantom, spectre, ghost. VISIONARY, imaginary, fantasti- cal ; enthusiast, fanatic. sprightly, merry. VIVACITY, life, animation, spirits, lightness, volatility. VIVID, clear, lucid, bright; live- ly, quick, sprightly, active ; striking. VOCABULARY, dictionary, nomen- clature, lexicon, glossary. VOCAL, verbal, oral. VOID, empty, vacant, devoid. VOLATILITY, lightness, levity, gid- diness, flightiness. VOLUNTARILY, spontaneously, wil- lingly, gratuitously. VOLUPTUARY, sensualist, epi- cure. VORACIOUS, rapacious, ravenous, greedy. VOTE, suffrage, voice. asseverate, affirm, aver, protest, assure. VULGAR, common, ordinary, mean, low. W WAGES, stipend, salary, hire, al- lowance, pay. WAKEFUL, watchful, vigilant, ob- servant. WALK, carriage, gait. To WALK unsteadily, stagger, reel, totter. WAN, pale, pallid. To WANDER, stroll, ramble, rove, roam, range. WANT, poverty, penury, indigence, necessity, need, lack. WARE, commodity, goods, mer- chandise. I WARINESS, caution, circumspec- VISITVNT. visiter, guest. tion, scrupulousness care. Io VITIATE, contaminate, taint, j WARLIKE, martial, military, sol- defile pollute, infect, sophisti- ' dier-like. ^ te ' WARM-HEARTED, cordial, sincere, VITIATED, corrupt, depraved, de- 1 hearty, based, wickedf i WARMTH, fervency, fervor, ardor, 298 WON zeal, cordiality; vehemence, WELCOME, acceptable, agreeable, heat ; glow. < grateful. WARNING, caution, admonition, WELL-BEING, welfare, prosperity, notice. j happiness. To WARRANT, answer for, gua- WELFARE. See the preceding ranty, secure. [ wurd. WARY, cautious, circumspect, To WELTER, wallow. guarded, watchful. To WHEEDLE, coax, cajole, To WASTE, spend, expend, dissi- fawn. pate ; squander, consume, la- WHIM, freak, caprice. vish, destroy. WHIMSICAL, capricious, fanciful, WASTE, devastation, ravage, fantastical. spoil, desolation, havoc, destruc- To WHIRL, twirl, turn, wheel, re- turn ; consumption, tion. dissipa- WASTEFUL, profuse, extravagant, volve, circulate. To WHITEN, blanch, bleach. WHOLE, all; entire, complete, prodigal, lavish. WATCHFUL, vigilant, attentive, cautious, observant, circum-j WICKED, unjust, nefarious, irreli- integral, total, undivided, per- fect. spect, wakeful. WATERY, aqueous. WAVE, billow, surge, breaker. To WAVER, hesitate, fluctuate, scruple. WAY, method, system, mode, means, manner, form, fashion ; road, route, course. WEAK, feeble, infirm, enfeebled, debilitated, enervated. WEAKNESS, debility, languor, gions, profane, impious. WICKED in a high degree, atro- cious, heinous, flagrant, flagi- tious, villanous, enormous, monstrous. WILLINGLY, voluntarily, sponta^ neously. To WIN, obtain, gain, procure, get, earn. WILY, subtle, sly, crafty, cun- ning. feebleness, infirmity, imliecili-! To WIND, turn, whirl, twirl. ty, frailty, impotence ; failing, WISDOM, sapience, knowledge ; foible. WEALTH, riches, opulence, afflu- ence. WEARINESS, lassitude, fatigue. WEARISOME, tiresome, tedious, fa- prudence. WISE, sage ; sapient, sagacious ; learned, skilled ; judicious ; dis- creet, prudent. To WISH, desire, long for, hanker tiguing, troublesome, annoying, after. vexatious. !WIT, ingenuity; humor, satire, To WEARY, tire, fatigue, harass, irony, burlesque ; contrivance, jade, subdue ; vex, annoy. stratagem, invention. WEDDING, marriage, nuptials. To WITHDRAW, retreat, retire, re- WEDLOCK, marriage, matrimony. cede, retrograde, go back. WEEKLY, hebdomadal. j To WITHHOLD, keep back, let, WEIGHT, gravity, heaviness, pon- 1 hinder; refrain, forbear. derousness ; burden, load ; sig- To WITHSTAND, oppose, resist, nifi",ation, avail, importance, thwart. consequence, moment. WITNESS, deponent, evidence. WEIGHTY, heavy, burdensome, WOFUL, piteous, doleful, rueful. ponderous; onerous. I WONDER, surprise, astonishment WRE 299 ZEA admiration, amazement ; mira- cle, marvel, prodigy. WOOER, suitor, lover. WORD, term, expression ; promise, argument. WORK, employment, occupation ; operation, performance ; toil, labor, drudgery, production. WORLDLY, secular, temporal. WORSE (to make), impair, deterio- rate ; injure, damage. To WORSHIP, adore, revere ; honor. WORTH, desert, merit ; value, ex- cellence ; rate, price. WORTHLESS, unworthy, valueless. WORTHY, deserving, meritorious, estimable. To WRANGLE, jangle, jar. WRATH, anger, ire, fury, resent- ment, indignation. To "\VRENCH, wrest, turn, bend, twist, distort. WRETCHED, unhappy, miserable. To WRING. See WRENCH. WRITER, penman, scribe; author. WRONG, injury, injustice. YEARLY, annual. To YIELD, impart, give, communi- cate ; produce ; give up, com- ply, cede, concede, surrender; conform. YIELDING, compliant, submissive. YOUTH, juvenility, adolescence, puerility. ZEAL, ardqrj enthusiasm. ZEALOUS, ardent, earnest, solicit- ous, anxiousi, warm, fervent, enthusiastic. INDEX. INTRODUCTION. PART I. CLAS WORDS. CHAP. I. Words of different orthography, but of similar orthoepy. 9 " II. Words of similar orthoepy, but of different orthography (17 classes) 19 " III. Words of equivocal signification, .... 35 " IV. Words, colloquial improprieties, .... 44 " V. Words, Rule of Orthography, 46 PART II. CHAP. I. Derivation and composition .... Prefixes, Suffixes, A. 21. Arbor arbor. 1. Acer acid. 22. Arceo coerce. 2. Ager agrarian. 23. Ardeo ardent. 3. Ago, actum act. 24. Arguo argue. 4. Alienus alien. 25. Anna arm. 5. Alo aliment. 26. Aro arable. 6. Alter altercation. 27. Ars art. 1. Altus altitude. 28. Artus article. 8. Ambulo amble. 29. Asper asperity. 9. A mo amatory. ^ 30. Audio audible. 10. Ampins ample. 31. Augeo augment. 11. Ango anger. 32. Avis aiiary. 12. Aogulus angle. 13. Animus animal. B. 11. Annus annual. 33. Bacchus bacchanal. lo. Annulus annular. 34. Beatus beatific. 16. Antiquus antiquary. 35. Bellum belligerent. 17. Aperio aperient. 36. Bibo bibber. 18. Apto apt. 37. Bis binary. 19. Aqua aquatic. 38. Bonus bounty. 20. Arbiter arbiter. 39. Brevis brevity. 48 50 52 55-169 (300) COR 301 MTt c. 90. Costa coast. 40. Cado cadence. 91. Cras procrastinate. 41. Caedo excision. 92. Credo credit. 42. Caleo ca/ta 1 . 93. Creo create. 43. Calx calx. 94. Crepo crepitation. 44. Candeo candle. 95. Cresco cretcent. 45. Canis canine. 96. Crimen crime. 46. Cano chant. 97. Crudus crude. 47. Capio capable. 48. Caput capital. 49. Career incarcerate. 50. Caro carnal. 98. Crux cro. 99. Cubo cumber. 100. Culpn-culpablt. 101. Cumulus cumulative. 51. Carpo carp. 52. Castigo castigate. 53. Catena catenarian. 102. Cura cure. 103. Curro current. 104. Curvus rc. 54. Causa cause. 105. Custos custody. 55. Caveo caution. 106. Cutis cutaneous. 56. Cavus cave. D. 57. Cedo cede. 58. Ccleber celebrate. 107. Damnum damage. 108. Debeo debt. 59. Celer celerity. 60. Cella cear. 109. Decem decimal. 110. Decet decent. 61. Celo conceal 111. Dens dental. 62. Caelum celestial. 112. Census dense. 63. Censeo censor. 113. Deterior deteriorate. 64. Centum cent. _ 65. Cerno certain. 66. Certo eoncert. 114. Deus deity. 115. Dexter dexterity. 116. Dice dedicate. 67. Certo certain. 117. Dico diction. 68. Cieo ci'te. 118. Dies diary. 69. Cingo cincture. 70. Cinis cinder. 119. Digitus digit. 120. Dignus dignity. 71. Circus ci'rc/e. 121. Dimidium demigod. 72. Civis civic. 73. Clam clandestine. 122. Disco disciple. 123. Divide rfu-iaV. 74. Clamo clamor. 124. Do a\mor. 75. Claras clarion. 125. Doceo doctor. 76. Classis c/a. 77. Claudo close. 126. Doleo do/e/uf. 127. Dominus dominion. 78. Clemens clement. 128. Domo indomitable. 79. Clino tncZ.ne. 129. Domus rfome. 80. Clivus acclivity. 130. Dormio dormant. 81. Codex code. 131. Dorsum dorsal. 82. Colo colnny. 132. Dubious dubious. 83. Comes comity. 133. Duco t/iict 84. Concilium council. 134. Duo dual. 85. Coquo concoct. 135. Durus durable. 86. Cor core. 87. Cornu corneow*. . 88. Corona crown. 136. Ebrius e&nVty. 89. Corpus corporate. 137. Ades-edijice. FOL IXF 138. Edo edible. 187. Forma /orm. 139. Ego egotism. 188. Fors fortune. 140. Emo exempt. 189. Fortis fortitude. 141. ^mulus emulation. 190. Fossa /oe. 142. Eo exit. 191. Fractum fracture. 143. Equus equestrian. 192. Frater fraternal. 144. .Slquus equal. 193. Fraus /ranrf. 145. Erro err. 194. Frigus-//-^. 146. .Slstimo estimate. 195. Frons -front. 147. JSvum coeval. 196. Fruor //!> i'f>ii. 148. Exemplum example. 197. Fugio fugacious. 149. Exterus exterior. 198. Fulgeo /HfyeHcy. 199. Fumus fume. . 200. Fusum /ue. 150. Faber fabric. 201. Fundus foundation. 151. Facies /ace. 152. Facio /act. G. 153. Fallo- false. 202. Geln sreZi'rf. 154. Fama fame. 203. Gestum gesture. 155. Fames famine. 204. Genitum genius. 156. Familia /a,%. 205. Gladius gladiator. 157. Fanum fane. 206. Glutio gr/itf. 158. Fatus /ate. 207. Gradior gradation. 159. Farina /a/-i'nacOH. 208. Grandis grand. 160. Fessus confess. 209. Granum ^i-afn. 161. Febris /eeer. 210. Gratus grateful. 162. Foedus -federal. 211. Gravis grave. 163. Felix felicity. 212. Gregis gregarious. 164. Femina feminine. 213. Gubernator gubernatorial. 165. Fendo /erf. 214. Gusto : 502. Spargo, sparsum sparse. S. 503. Spatium space. 453. Sacer sacred. 504. Specio, spectum aspect. 454. Sagus *i'<. 456. Salio assail. 507. Splendeo splendid. 457. Salus salutary. 608. Spondeo, gponsum tpoiuor. 458. Sancio, sanctum taint. 509. Stella fettar. 459. Sanguis sanguinary. 510. Sterno conttenation. 460. Sanus sane. 511. Stilla infi7. 461. Sapio sapient. 512. Stipo count/pate. 462. Sapo, saponis saponaceous. 463. Satis satiate. 513. Stirps extirpate. 514. Stringo, strietmn /nVr. 464. Scala scale. 515. Struo, structum /ruc7 anarchy. 19. Arktos, ap apocalypse. 41. Kanon, racuv canontca/. 42. Kaio, ai&>, I cAaoa. 48. Charis, Xapif, \aptrof charity. 49. Cheir, xtip chiroyraphy. 50. Chole, X"Xi7 cAo/er. 51. Choreo. Xupwo anchorite. 52. Christos, v/ia cAromaM'c. 54. Chronos, xpovjyjoj'c. 82. Eretnos, tpq/io; eremite. S3. Ergon, rpyoy energy. 84. Eso, r(J esotery. 85. Aither, LET PAT 86 Ethos, eOof ethics. 87. Ethnos, (?K>{ ethnology. 88. Etumon, trvpov etymology. 89. Eu, u eulogy. G. 90. Galax, yaXaf galaxy. 91. Gameo, ya/<(j bigamy. 92. Gaster, yaarrip- gastric. 93. Ge, yij geology. 94. Gennao, ysi/cacu genesis. 95. Glotta, yX&jrra glottis. 96 Glupho, y\wt>o> glyph. 97. Gnome, yvwfin gnostics. 98. Gonia, yuvia goniometer. 99. Grapho, ypafyia graphic. 100. Gumnos, yu/tvoj gymnasium. 101. Gune, ywi? gynarchy. 102. Guros, yupoj sr^/'ai. H. 103. Hebdomos, !/?&/io { hebdomad. 104. Hekaton, hecatomb. 105 Helios, f,\,os heliacal. 106. Hellen, i\\cvhellenic. 107. Haima, apj odontalgy. 154. Suffix oirf. 155. Oligos, oXiyof oligarchy. 156. Onoma, ovonanoi>ymous. 157. Optomai, (mro/iai optic*. 158. Orama, opafia-. diorama. 159. Ornis, opviOo; ornithology. 160. Orthos, o/300f orthodox. 161. Osteon, oarrov osteology. 162. Oxus, ouj oxyd. P. 163. Paideia, irai&tta pedant. 164. Pan, ?rai/, jravroj panacea. 165. Pathos, ;ra6oj pathetic. SAR 309 ZOO 166. Pente, swre pentagon. 197. Skeptomai, oxnmipai skeptic. 167. Pepto, Trcjrro) peptic. 198. Schisma, o*iff/*a cAi>m. 168. Petition, ntra\ov petaL 199. Schole, i\o { philanthropy. 206. Stenos, awor stenographer. 170. Phone, ^tuv/? phonology. 207. Stereos, crtptoj stereometry. 177. Phos, hosphate. 208. Stikos, (rnxoj acrcMftc. 178. Phrazo cjoaijco phrase. 209. Strophe, jrp^if apostrophe. 179. Phren, Qpv.vphrenzy. 180. Phusis, 0ixrif physics. T' 181. Peirao, vtipaw empiric. . 182. Plane, *\av n planet. 210. Tapho?, ro^of epitaph. 18:5. Plasso, Xa pneumatics. 185. Polemos, irX/i3; polemic. 212. Techno, X"j technical. 2i:i. Tessares, rtraaptf tesselated. 186. Polen, n-coXcu monopoly. 187. Polls, n\tf police. 188. Polus, woXuf polygon. 189. Potamos, irora^o; hippopotamus. 190. Pous, irony, iro&f antipode. 214. Theoinai, S/at theatre. 215. Thesis, 0wif thesis. 216. Theos, Ocas theism. 217. Tome, TO/IJJ tome. 218. Tonos, rvof tone. 191. Prasso, irpajcu practice. 192. Pro top, jrpurof protocol. 193. Psuche, i//i'^i psychology. 194. Pur, vvfpyre. 219. Topos, r7roj topic. 220. Treis, rptif