P S 
 
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 1909 
 
 MAIN 
 
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LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 
 Class 
 

 
 Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on 
 
 California Literature 
 and Its Spirit 
 
 By GEORGE WHARTON JAMES, Litt D. 
 Of Pasadena, California 
 
 PRICE, FIFTY CENTS 
 
 
 
 Advance Announcement of Two Important Works on 
 California Literature and Its Makers 
 
 ARROYO GUILD PRESS 
 LOS ANGELES 
 

 Books by George Wharton James 
 
 IN AND OUT OF THE GRAND CANYON OF THE COLORADO RIVER IN 
 ARIZONA. With 23 full-page plates and 77 illustrations in the text. Crown 
 8vo. $2.50. 
 
 THE GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA. An entirely new book, written in 1909, 
 with the new maps of the U. 8. Geological Survey and many illustrations. 
 $1.00 net. 
 
 INDIAN BASKETRY AND HOW TO MAKE INDIAN AND OTHER BASKETS. 
 
 With nearly 600 illustrations. Large Crown 8vo. $2.50 net. 
 
 HOW TO MAKE INDIAN AND OTHER BASKETS. With 225 illustrations. 
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 THE INDIANS OF THE PAINTED DESERT REGION. With 16 full-page pic 
 tures and 50 half-page illustrations from photographs. Crown 8vo. $2.00 net. 
 
 IN AND OUT OF THE OLD MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA. An Historical and 
 Pictorial Account of the Franciscan Missions. With 142 illustrations from pho 
 tographs showing the architecture, the interior decorations, furniture, pulpits, 
 crosses and candle- sticks of the Missions, pictures of the Saints, etc. 8vo. 
 $3.00 net. 
 
 THE WONDERS OF THE COLORADO DESERT (Southern California). Its Riv 
 er and its Mountains, its Canyons and its Springs, its Life and its History pic 
 tured and described. Including an account of a recent journey made down the 
 overflow of the Colorado River to the mysterious Salton Sea. With a colored 
 frontispiece, 32 full-page plates, and more than 300 pen and ink sketches by 
 Carl Eytel. 2 vols. 8 vo. $5.00 net. 
 
 THE STORY OF SCRAGGLES. An Autobiography of a Song Sparrow. Illustra 
 ted by Sears Gallagher and from photographs. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. 
 
 TRAVELERS HANDBOOK TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Small 8vo. $1.00 net. 
 
 WHAT THE WHITE RACE MAY LEARN FROM THE INDIAN. 88 illustra 
 tions. 269 pages. Large 8vo. Cloth, $1.50 net. 
 
 THROUGH RAMONA S COUNTRY. Over 130 illustrations. 8vo. Cloth, $2.00 
 net. 
 
 THE CALIFORNIA BIRTHDAY BOOK. Selections on California from the writ 
 ings of living California authors ; with biographical sketches and lists of books. 
 $1.00 net. 
 
 THE CALIFORNIA HERO BOOK. (Now in press.) 
 MODERN MISSION ARCHITECTURE. (Now in preparation.) 
 
 GEORGE WHARTON JAMES 
 1098 North Raymond Ave. Pasadena, California 
 
Syllabus 
 
 Of a Course of Lectures 
 
 on 
 
 California Literature 
 and Its Spirit 
 
 by 
 
 George Wharton James, LittD, 
 
 Of Pasadena, California 
 
 Advance Announcement of Two Important Works on 
 
 California Literature and Its Makers 
 
 Your Careful Perusal is Respecfully Solicited 
 

 Information Wanted 
 
 Correspondence Solicited 
 
 To perfect the biographical sketches of California Authors I am anxious to 
 get in touch with all Calif ornians or others who are interested in the subject. 
 Especially do I wish to learn of authors of creditable work in any line who are 
 not here referred to. Information of any and every kind will be most gratefully 
 received. Photographs, prints, manuscripts, copies of books other than those 
 named, early editions, different editions, reviews, magazine and newspaper arti 
 cles dealing with authors and their work all are desired. 
 

 
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 Introduction 
 
 For nearly thirty years I have been collecting and studying California Litera 
 ture, with the avowed object of some day writing a work upon the subject, that 
 should be not only an anthology, but a History of the Literature of the State 
 and its makers. Though diverted by the multitudinous affairs of a busy life, 
 I have steadily pursued this object, and, in consonance with the larger purpose, 
 have written a number of articles on California authors and their work, and 
 given many lectures upon the subject. During the last few years the 
 latter phase of the work has opened up considerably and the following outlines, 
 in the main, are of lectures that I have delivered in various cities of Cali 
 fornia, to Women s Clubs, High Schools, Colleges, Lodges, Parlors and other 
 audiences. Generally they have been given in one course of ten lectures; some 
 times reduced to but five. Occasionally a single lecture has been chosen for de 
 livery, as, for instance, The Humorists of California ; The Nature Writers ; or, 
 The Founding of the Overland Monthly. That on Joaquin Miller has been given 
 repeatedly, and in many cities throughout the Union. 
 
 While to those unfamiliar with the great scope of the subject it may appear 
 that so many lectures ought very fully to cover the field, it will be self-evident 
 to the well-informed student that I have given an inadequate and incomplete sur 
 vey of California Literature in this series. Yet it is confidently asserted that, 
 to those who will take the trouble to browse in the pastures here opened up, 
 as rich and varied a feast as they have ever enjoyed before will be their happy 
 lot. The wealth and variety of California Literature has not begun to be esti 
 mated, nor its vast importance understood. 
 
 This series can be given as outlined or condensed as follows: 
 
 In Ten Lectures. 
 
 I. Introduction and Literature of the Aborigines. 
 
 II. Literature of the Epoch of Spanish Discovery and the Padres. 
 
 III. Literature of the Pioneers. 
 
 IV. Founding of the Overland Monthly. 
 
 V. Joaquin Miller and Edwin Markham. 
 
 VI. The Humorists. 
 
 VII. The Nature Writers. 
 
 VIII. Ambrose Bierce, Sterling and Scheffauer. 
 
 IX. A Cycle of Early Poets, San Jose, Religious, and Later Poets. 
 
 X. The Novelists. 
 
 This order of arrangement is purely suggestive. Any order or arrangement 
 can be followed. 
 
 224656 
 
. Introduction Continued 
 
 In Five Lectures. 
 
 I. Introduction and Literature of the Aborigines. 
 
 II. Literature of Spanish Discovery, Padres and Pioneers. 
 
 III. The Overland Monthly, Miller, Markham, Bierce, and the Humorists. 
 
 IV. The Nature Writers and Poets. 
 
 V. The Novelists. 
 
 It is my sincere hope that, by the delivery of these lectures, the readings 
 from the works of our California authors, the elucidation of the CALIFORNIA 
 SPIRIT as enshrined in these works, the publication of this Syllabus, the California 
 Birthday Book, and the ultimate issuance of my magnum opus "The Literature 
 of California and its Makers," a larger acquaintance with the rich mine of Cali 
 fornia s literary treasures will be fostered in the minds of adults, and an intense 
 desire to know it fully be inflamed in the minds of the young and also of new 
 comers to the State. 
 
 GEORGE WHARTON JAMES 
 
 1098 Raymond Avenue, Pasadena,, California. 
 September 27. 1909. 
 
Syllabus 
 
 Lecture I Introductory 
 
 Is there a California Literature? To be distinguished from other literature 
 it must possess distinctive qualities. Three things make literature Californian. 
 I Author a Californian. II About California. Ill Possesses California Spirit. 
 
 I. Author a Californian. Not necessarily born here. Narrow inclusiveness 
 not possible. Bret Harte, Joaquin Miller, Edwin Markham not native born, yet 
 true Californians. Some native writers have no distinctive California qualities 
 in their work. 
 
 II. About California. No matter who had written Luck of Roaring Camp, 
 First Family of Sierras, Santa Lucia, Soul of Rafael, Ramona, they justly 
 belong to California. Deal with California subjects. Could not have been writ 
 ten of any other place. Distinctive scenery people conditions, etc. 
 
 III. Possesses California Spirit. This a large topic. Not confined to Cali 
 fornia, but here in extraordinarily large measure. Treated more fully later. 
 
 Importance of California Literature to the world primarily to Californians, 
 young especially. California the land of destiny. This is shown I By the Hand 
 of Prophetic History. II By Peculiar Isolation and Environment. Ill By the 
 Pioneer Basis of its Civilisation. 
 
 I. By the Hand of Prophetic History. Movement of nations westward. 
 Berkeley s Exclamation, and George Bancroft s use of it. Kingsfey s novel. Applies 
 peculiarly to California. History pointing towards it from dawn of civilization. 
 Civilization born on banks of Hindu Kush. Rise and decline there. Moved west 
 ward, within certain temperate zones. Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, Rome, The 
 Empire, Great Britain, the United States. Where now in the United States? 
 Political Capital is Washington. Literary Capital. Commercial Capital. Real 
 Capital is where the dominating minds are. These will ultimately be in the West. 
 
 II. Peculiar Isolation and Environment. California s isolation. Sierran bar 
 rier. Sonora deserts on South. Pacific Ocean on West. Fifty years ago reached 
 only by arduous journeys overland from the Eastern States or Mexico, by Isth 
 mus and by sea or around Cape Horn. Central Pacific Railway opened May 10, 
 1869. Twenty years of isolation for expression of Pioneer Spirit. Twenty years 
 of special training. Peculiar environment afforded by California. Few Califor 
 nians know California. Topographical and climatic cosmos. Glaciers and des 
 erts; barren plains, fertile fields; areas below sea level, over 100 peaks over 
 10,000 feet high; Sahara outdone in heat, dryness and area below sea level; 
 Mount Whitney, Mt. Shasta, Mt. San Gorgonio, etc. One thousand miles of 
 shore line. Yosemite and other mountain valleys. Islands. Fertile foothills and 
 plains. Home of Big Trees. Gigantic growths in flowers, etc. Every desired 
 climate within reach. New Year s Day in Southern California. Effect of this 
 
6 Syllabus of Course of Ledlures on 
 
 upon body, mind, soul. Conducive to out-of-door life. Children may be out 
 almost 365 days in the year. Health. Openness of mind, largeness, freedom, 
 contact with nature. These enlarge the soul. 
 
 Wonderful recent changes and development. The Salton Sea in heart of Colo 
 rado Desert. Results of irrigation. Desert areas annihilated. The Imperial Val 
 ley, Coachella Valley, etc. The Little Landers. Artesian water. United States 
 Reclamation Service. Growth of cities inland and on shore. Climate permits 
 out-door sleeping becoming universal. Out-of-door schools. Thatcher s Ojai 
 Valley school, Dr. Henderson s near Riverside, Mrs. Chandler s at Los Altos, Mrs. 
 Denton s at Pasadena. 
 
 III. By the Pioneer Basis of its Civilization. California History prior to 
 the pioneers. Spanish discovery. Mission epoch. Days of the Dons. Fremont 
 and Sloat, Monterey, July 7, 1846. Kearny s Army of the West. Discovery of 
 gold by Marshall at Coloma, on North Fork of American River, about fifty miles 
 from Sacramento, January, 1848. The gold rush. Pioneers, however, before 
 the gold days. Pattie, Jed. Smith, Donner party, Parkman s Oregon and Cali 
 fornia trail. Characteristics of pioneers. Their Initiative, Foresight, Physical 
 Strength, Bravery; Out-of-Door. Men and Women; Disciplined by hardship; 
 Cosmopolitan by contact with diverse people ; generous ; simple-hearted ; inde 
 pendent in thought; men of achievement; careless of precedent; inventive; just; 
 resolute. Vigilance Committees. 
 
 The California Spirit is that which feels this Historic Destiny, is 
 permeated with the California environment of largeness and freedom, 
 and is full of the life of the pioneers. This local spirit, therefore, is a 
 world-moving force, a spirit which is to help potently to renew the minds, trans 
 form the souls of the world. This is California s High Destiny. This spirit is 
 enshrined unconsciously in California s Literature, hence the need and benefit of a 
 thorough study of it. 
 
 Lecture II The Literature of the Aborigines 
 
 Do the California Aborigines have a literature? When did "Homer" be 
 come literature? Is it the writing that makes literature, or the invention, the 
 creation? The Norwegian and Icelandic Sagas. The Songs of the Troubadours. 
 Folk Lore. Grimm s Stories. Hans Anderson s Fairy Tales. The California 
 Aborigines were creators and inventors of stories. Their extensive mythology. 
 Jeremiah Curtin s Creation Myths of North America. Hittell s errors as to the 
 Indians having no legends, mythology or religion. How did Indian literature 
 originate? Nature worshipers. Personified the forces around them sun, moon, 
 stars, storms, lightning, clouds, rivers, etc. Power s Tribes of California. The 
 place of the coyote in Indian stories. Shamans or medicine-men. What is meant 
 by the term medicine. Rhapsodists or story-tellers. Odigininina. Wallapai 
 chief, Le-ve Le-ve. Chemehuevi women. How stories are told. Major Powell. 
 The unwritten Bible of Savagery. Charles F. Lummis Man That Married the 
 Moon. Campfires on desert, mountain, or in canyon and forest. Myths the su 
 perstitions of the ancients. Natural forces represented as living beings. Legends 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 7 
 
 wonder stories, unauthentic, improbable, yet interesting. Folk Lore includes 
 myths and legends, also stories of the customs, etc., of the people. Benefit to 
 us of this knowledge. Operations of the human mind in the childhood of the 
 race. Major Powell and the Bureau of Ethnology and the Geological Survey. 
 
 The simplicity of the aboriginal mind. Takes things for granted. The turtle 
 of the Hindoo upon which the elephant and the world rest. Note this in story 
 of the Creation. Tochopa s daughter, etc. Gaining the Indians viewpoint. Why 
 does the Indian worship the snake, the bird, the fish, the cougar, the bear, etc.? 
 The value of the Indian and his legends to American Literature. Fenimore 
 Cooper, Longfellow s Hiawatha, H. H. Jackson s Ramona, Marah Ellis Ryan s 
 For the Soul of Rafael, and Love Letters of an Indian, etc. Creation myths. 
 Captain Roncho at Martinez on Colorado Desert. Two babes in egg floating in 
 air. Quarrel ^which was oldest. The making of light. Jose Pedro Lucero at 
 Saboba. Siwash sent Uuyot. Boats full of people. Landed in Southern Cali 
 fornia. S^torrn. Dread. Uuyot s prayer. Dancing. Smoking. Darkness. Com 
 ing of light. Bare and level earth. How mountains, valleys, rivers, were made. 
 Animals, birds, reptiles, trees, etc. More people. Location of villages. 
 
 The creation myth of the Mattoals. That of the Klamath Karoks. Kareza 
 on the Sacred Throne. Order of creation fishes, animals, man. All alike in 
 power. Man to give each his rank. Big Bow and long arrows. Coyote s cun 
 ning. His sleep. Distribution of bows. Cougar, bear, frog next to last, coyote 
 last. Kareza took pity on coyote and prayed for him. Made crafty. Friend to 
 man. Helped him hereafter. Creation myths of Maidus, Miwoks, Shastas, Walla- 
 pais and Havasupais. Indian legends describe physical phenomena. Bertha H. 
 Smith s YOSEMITE LEGENDS. Pohono or Bridal Veil Falls the Spirit of the Evil 
 Wind. The Chemehuevis legend of the Chimpapounoqui or place where the 
 bear left his tracks. Helen Hunt Jackson s reference in RAMONA to the Cahuilla 
 legend of Tauquitch, the demon of Mt. San Jacinto. The legend of Tauquitch and 
 Algoot in JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLK LORE. How the Karoks got fire, or why 
 the grpund squirrel has a black streak behind his shoulders. Kipling s JUST So 
 STORIES. John Vance Cheney s poem, How Squire Coyote Brought Fire to the 
 Cahrocs. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE II. 
 
 Bancroft, H. H., NATIVE RACES OF THE PACIFIC STATES, Vol. Ill Mythology and 
 Languages. Brinton, D. G., California Indians (In his MYTHS OF*" TE NEW 
 WORLD, 1896), p.p. 58, 161, 235. Clark, Galen, INDIANS OF THE Yos* . VALLEY, 
 THEIR HISTORY, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS. Curtin, Jeremiah, CREA^N MYTHS OF 
 PRIMITIVE AMERICA. Fiske, John, MYTHS AND MYTHMAKERS. Goddard, Pliny 
 Earl, HUPA TEXTS, MYTHS AND LEGENDS, (University of California Publications, 
 1903-4.) James, George Wharton, THE INDIANS OF THE PAINTED DESERT REGION; 
 THE WONDERS OF THE COLORADO DESERT; THROUGH RAMONA S COUNTRY; INDIAN 
 BASKETRY; IN AND AROUND THE GRAND CANYON. Lummis, Charles F., THE MAN 
 WHO MARRIED THE MOON. Matthews, Washington, NAVAHO LEGENDS. Miller, 
 Joaquin, LIFE AMONG THE MODOCS. Parkman, Francis, THE OREGON TRAIL. Pow 
 ell, J. W., SKETCH OF THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS (in First 
 Report Bureau of Ethnology.) Powers, S., TRIBES OF CALIFORNIA, U. S. Bureau 
 of Ethnology. Smith, Bertha H., YOSEMITE LEGENDS. Strobridge, I. M., THE 
 LOOM OF THE DESERT. Consult also all the volumes of the Bureau of North Amer 
 ican Ethnology. They are full of reliable data, gathered by trained observers and 
 students, about the North American Indian. 
 
8 Syllabus of Course of Ledtures on 
 
 Magazine Articles : Austin, Mary, Winneduma, Land of Sunshine, Vol 8, 
 p. 267. Barrows, D. P., Some Coahuia Songs and Dances, Land of Sunshine, Vol. 
 4, p. 38. Buchanan, Charles Milton, The Indian: His Origin and Legendary Lore, 
 Overland Monthly, August, 1900. Coan, H. E., The Legend of Mt. Tauquitz, 
 Land of Sunshine, Vol. 5, p. 173. 
 
 Lecture III Literature of the Epoch of Spanish 
 
 Discovery 
 
 Ignorance of the Continent of North America up to 1492. Sagas as Norse 
 men and Iceland had traditions, but no knowledge. Asia reached by going east. 
 Columbus sailed from Palos, August 3, 1492. Joaquin Miller s glorious poem on 
 this event. Changes in the subsequent four hundred years. Discovery of the 
 lower coast of Africa; all America; all Australasia. Explorers who followed 
 Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro, Balboa. Keats incorrect historic allusion. Balboa s 
 trip across Darien, arrival at the South Sea, September 25, 1513. This the first 
 step to the discovery of California. Cortes operations on the Pacific between 
 1521 and 1530. His letter to King Charles V, May 15, 1522. Villa for ship-build 
 ing. Founding of Zacatula, July, 1526. Ship arrives near Zacatula from Spain by 
 Magellan Straits. Five vessels built for exploration. Robbed and pillaged in ab 
 sence of Cortes. In 1532 had to begin again. Meantime enemies active. Nuno 
 de Guzman 1529 came north. Again 1531. Organized Nueva Galicia. 
 
 1532 Cortes sent two vessels from Acapulco. Commander Becerra killed. 
 Jiminez, the mutineer, put in command. Discovered Santa Cruz. Supposed to 
 be an island. The first knowledge of the California of today part of the penin 
 sula. Colony. Ulloa left in charge in 1536. 
 
 On the Atlantic Coast history in the making which was ultimately to affect 
 the yet unknown California. Panfilo de Narvaez, 1519, sent by Gov. Velasquez 
 of Cuba to arrest Cortes. He is arrested instead. Released. Goes to Spain. His 
 ill-fated expedition with 600 men to Florida in 1528. Cabeza de Vaca. Lummis s 
 story of his trip. May 1, 1536, reached Melchior Diaz at Culiacan. Heroic jour- 
 neyings. Mendoza now viceroy. Excitement at DeVaca s stories. Expedition 
 planned. Marcos de Nizza s reconaissance. Cortes fears. Sends Ulloa with three 
 vessels from Acapulco, July 8, 1539. Discovery of the Gulf, named after Cortes. 
 Afraid of tide at head of Gulf. Missed opportunity to discover Colorado River. 
 The name California. Ordonez de Montalvo s romance, SERGAS DE ESPLANDIAN. 
 Mendoza now sends Coronado to New Mexico, February, 1540. Alarcon starts 
 by sea, May 9, 1540, to co-operate. Discovers the secret of the river, unknown 
 to Ulloa. Melchior Diaz s trip and landing in California. His death. Original 
 records of these expeditions. RAMUSIO S three volumes, 1554, 1583, 1585. Ac 
 count of Ulloa s trip written by Francisco Preciado. Ramusio quoted. In 1599- 
 1600 HAKLUYT translates Ramusio into English. Reprints in 1904. Coronado s 
 historian was Castaneda. Winship s translation in Bureau of Ethnology Report, 
 1892. Original copy of C. s narrative, made 1596 at Seville, Spain, now in Lenox 
 Library, N. Y. Mendoza, undaunted, sends Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo to explore 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 9 
 
 North Coast. Portuguese. Diary written either by Ferrelo, the pilot, or Juan 
 Paez. Original in Madrid. Copied by Buckingham Smith ; translated by R. S. 
 Evans and published in United States Geological Survey Report W. of 100th 
 meridian, Vol. 2, part 1. Cabrillo left Navidad (315 M. N. of Acapulco) June 
 27, 1542. Enters San Diego Bay. Discovers Channel Islands. Reaches Cape Men- 
 docino. Saw and named the Sierra Nevadas. On the return journey Cabrillo 
 died on island of San Miguel. Ferrelo made captain. 
 
 Sir Francis Drake in 1579. Did not enter San Francisco Bay. Drake s Bay. 
 Accounts in Hakluyt, Vol. 2, p.p. 440-2; WORLD ENCOMPASSED, by Drake himself, 
 London, 1628.; DISCOURSE OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE in MSS., but republished by 
 Hakluyt Society. 
 
 Sixty years after Cabrillo Sebastian Vizcaino makes explorations. Sutro col 
 lection of authorized copies from Seville. .George Butler Griffin s Translations. 
 Published Southern California Historical Society, 1891. Vizcaino s letter to King 
 for help. Writes from Bay of Monterey, December 28, 1602. He renamed places 
 on Coast as now found. The Viceroy, Conde de Monte Rey. Vizcaino s letter to 
 the King. Value of the Bancroft Library now owned by the State University. 
 
 References: ^Bancroft s HISTORIES OF PACIFIC COAST; Lummis s SPANISH 
 PIONEERS, HAKLUYT, etc., as noted in syllabus above. 
 
 Lecture IV Literature of the Padres 
 
 Epoch of the Missions. After Vizcaino California neglected for nearly 150 
 years. Activity of Religious Orders. Jesuits, Franciscans, Dominicans, etc. 
 Jesuits in Lower California. Missions established there. Kino and Salviaterra. 
 The Pious Fund. Origin of Franciscans. Founded 1210. Francis of Assissi born 
 1182, died 1226. Canonized by Gregory in 1228. 
 
 Jesuits expelled by Carlos III in 1767. Franciscans required to take control 
 in Peninsula. Serra put in charge. History and Spirit of Serra. Life by Palou. 
 Born at Petra, Mallorca, Spain, November 24, 1713. Entered Franciscan order 
 September 14, 1730, took vows September 15, 1731. Brilliant student, successful 
 preacher. Desire to become missionary. Sailed from Cadiz with Palou, August 
 28, 1749. Walked from Vera Cruz to Mexico City. Serra a hero of self-sacrifice 
 and self-discipline. Nine years with Sierra Gorda Indians. Seven years in Mex 
 ico. Appointed president? of California Missions July 12, 1767. Two days later 
 with eight friars started overland. Caspar de Portola the new governor. Jose 
 de Galvez, King s Inspector General, with large powers. Afterwards Viceroy. 
 Long delay at Tepic. Difficulty to obtain enough friars. Arrival of the banished 
 Jesuits on the Purisima Conception, Serra and fifteen friars returned on same 
 vessel. Arrived April 1, 1768, at Loreto. Friars sent to respective posts. Tem 
 poralities in hands of soldiers. Palou appeals to Galvez, who visits the peninsula 
 missions. Restores temporalities. The King orders extension of missions to Alta 
 California. Galvez and Serra confer at Santa Ana. Preparations for the new 
 work. Relinquishment of the missions of the Peninsula. Palou left to wind up 
 affairs. Serra s enthusiasm over the new work. Two royal vessels, San Carlos 
 
10 Syllabus of Course of Ledtures on 
 
 and San Antonio, were to go by sea. Two land expeditions. Galvez orders Pen 
 insula missions to contribute supplies for the new missions. Three missions, at 
 first, to be established, viz., San Diego, Monterey, and San Buenaventura, mid 
 way between the two. Serra s plea for a mission for St. Francis. Galvez s re 
 ply. San Carlos at La Paz, December, 1768. Hastily constructed. Leaky. Emp 
 tied and repaired. January 10, after blessing, and speech .by Galvez sailed for 
 San Diego. San Antonio delayed by storms. Overhauled, repaired, and -then 
 loaded with provisions, etc. Sailed February 15. Each to wait twenty days for 
 the other at San Diego. As an additional aid another vessel equipped San Jose 
 so that one always remain at San Diego, other two ply back and forth to San 
 Bias. San Jose sailed May 1, 1769. Three months later returned with broken 
 mast. Repaired. Again sailed. Lost. 
 
 Two land expeditions. First under Capt. Fernando Rivera y Moncada to go 
 ahead, collect provisions and mules, and the second, under Governor Portola, to 
 follow. Juan Crespi with Rivera, Serra with Portola. Serra s holograph diary 
 of the trip in the Ramirez Collection of E. E. Ayer, Chicago. Translated by C. 
 F. Lummis in OUT WEST, Vol. 16, p. 293 et. seq. Palou s LIFE OF SERRA, published 
 in Mexico, 1787. Poor translation by Vicar General Adam, Los Angeles. Com 
 plete translation and Life of Serra now in preparation. 
 
 The journey north. Serra s injured leg and its cure. Arrival at San Diego. 
 Adventures of the San Antonio and San Carlos. Loss of crew through scurvy, 
 save cook and one sailer. San Antonio arrives first, April 11, 1769; eighteen 
 days later San Carlos. May 14 Rivera appears, with 25 soldiers, Padre Crespi, 
 four others and forty-two Christianized natives. Two diaries written on this 
 trip in existence, the one by Crespi published in Palou s NOTICIAS. Portola, Serra 
 and sixteen soldiers and helpers and forty-four natives arrive end of June and 
 July 1. Portola s diary. Thanksgiving. San Antonio goes back for supplies 
 and a new crew. San Carlos remains. San Jose still expected. Portola, Rivera, 
 thirty-four soldiers and volunteers, Padres Crespi and Gomez, ten other whites 
 and fifteen Indians 64 in all start for Monterey on July 14, 1769. Mission of 
 San Diego founded by Serra, July 16, at Cosoy, Old Town. Trouble with Indi 
 ans. Long remained stubborn. No one converted in the first year. 
 
 Journey north. They see Monterey Bay, yet do not recognize it. Rivera 
 and eight men explore south and walk on shore of Carmelo Bay, yet do not 
 know it. October 4 mass at mouth of Salinas River. Then consultation. Pro 
 visions short, seventeen men sick. Decide to go forward, hoping to find the port 
 and the San Jose with supplies. 
 
 Two explanations offered for failure to recognize port of Monterey. I. 
 Palou deems it a miracle on behalf of the port of San Francisco; II. that Gal 
 vez had given secret orders not to find it. Old San Francisco long known. Golden 
 Gate and present harbor unknown. Ortega and his soldiers sent on. Returns 
 with news of the mouth of the harbor. Back to San Diego. January 24, 1770, 
 arrive. 
 
 Governor disheartened. No San Jose yet. Decided to abandon the enter 
 prise March 20. Serra broken-hearted. Prayers, Novena and grand ceremony 
 March 19. That night the San Antonio appeared in fog. Rejoicing. Portola, 
 Serra and Crespi started North. Monterey duly recognized. June 3, 1770, mis 
 sion and presidio of San Carlos Borromeo founded. 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 1 1 
 
 Hereafter the literature of the padres is the historical account of the found 
 ing of the missions and their method of conducting religious and temporal affairs. 
 
 Palou s account of Serra s death, August 28, 1784. Buried in Carmel Mis 
 sion. Cassanova s restoration of Carmel and discovery of Serra s remains. Serra s 
 successors, Palou, Lasuen 1785-1803, Tapis 1803-1 812, Senan 1812-1815, Payeras 
 1815-1819, Senan 1819-1823, Sarria 1823-1825, Duran 1825-1827, Sanchez 1827-1831, 
 Diego 1831 and then became bishop and office of president abolished. In 1812 
 Comisario perfecto also. Two officials up to 1831. 
 
 Juan Bautista de Anza s ride from Sonora to find route to California mis 
 sions. Tubac, San Xavier, Tumacacori, Tucson. Padre Garces. The missions 
 on Colorado River. Arrival at San Gabriel and Monterey. Serra s opposition to 
 new method. Danger prophesied. Anza s diary. Report. Second journey. Col 
 onists, etc., for San Francisco. In 1775 started. Font s account. Garces diary, 
 translated by Elliott Coues. Two hundred and forty persons, 695 horses, 355 
 cattle. Hardships. Arrival. Return. Founding of Yuma missions. Disaster. 
 Murder of Garces, etc., and Governor Rivera. 
 
 The Indians as seen by the padres. Salmeron on Catalina Island Indians. 
 Crespi. Palou. Boscana s CHINIGCHINICH, Bancroft s summaries in NATIVE 
 RACES. 
 
 The records of all the old missions. The rubrics of the padres. Sign man 
 uals. See Father Zephyrin s MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES OF CALIFORNIA. Arch 
 bishop s ARCHIVES in his office, San Francisco. Eight volumes, 2560 letters, etc. 
 Loss of 300 volumes in 1906 fire, San Francisco Land Office, CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES. 
 Mainly copied by Bancroft, 69 volumes at University, Berkeley. SANTA BARBARA 
 ARCHIVES, about 2000 M.S.S. letters, reports, etc., at Old Mission. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE IV. 
 
 Baegert, Jacob, translation of his ACCOUNT OF THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS^ 
 OF THE CALIFORNIA PENINSULA, made by Charles Rau, Smithsonian Report 1863. 
 Benavides, Alonso, translation of his MEMORIAL, in Land of Sunshine, Vol. 13, by 
 Mrs. Edward E. Alger. Carter, C. F., MISSIONS OF NUEVA CALIFORNIA. Clinch, 
 B. J., CALIFORNIA AND ITS MISSIONS. Coues, Elliott, ON THE TRAIL OF A SPANISH 
 PIONEER (a translation of the diaries of Padre Garces, with excellent notes. 
 Diaz, Bernal, TRUE HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF NEW SPAIN; translation, Lon 
 don, 1844. James, George Wharton, IN AND OUT OF THE OLD MISSIONS. Palou, 
 LIFE OF SERRA, translation by Father Adams. Sutro Collection of SERRA S LET 
 TERS, etc., originals and translations by C. B. Griffin in Proceedings of Southern 
 California Historical Society, 1891, part II. Zephyrin s MISSIONS AND MISSION 
 ARIES OF CALIFORNIA. A full list of Spanish authorities will be found in Ban 
 croft, and in Zephyrin s MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES OF CALIFORNIA, Vol. I, p.p. 
 XIX, et seq. 
 
12 Syllabus of Course of Ledlures on 
 
 Lecture V Literature of the Pioneers 
 
 Three pioneer epochs. I Prior to the Military Invasion. II Military In 
 vasion. Ill Pioneer Gold Days. Value of this literature. Heroic epics. En- 
 shrinement of California spirit. 
 
 I. Pioneers prior to the Military Invasion. A far greater interest in Cali 
 fornia and the West before the days of gold than people generally know. Lewis 
 & Clark s exploration of the Louisiana purchase in 1804-06. Jefferson s foresight. 
 Discussions in Congress about Oregon. England s claims. Trappers. Jed. Smith 
 in 1876 left Salt Lake with fifteen men. Rios Virgen and Colorado over desert 
 to San Gabriel. Taken to Gov. Echeandia in San Diego. Released. Eight 
 slain by Indians. At Mission San Jose. Padre Duran s charge. First crossing 
 of Sierra Nevada in 1827. The Patties father and son. Wonderful adventures. 
 Horros of trip across desert below Yuma. Arrested at Santa Catarina Mission, 
 Lower California, and brought to San Diego. Echeandia s sternness. Death of 
 father in prison. Release of Pattie to vaccinate the Californians ; 23,500 operated 
 on. Row with Padre Juan Cabortes at San Francisco, July 8, 1829. Refusal of 
 offer. PATTIE S NARRATIVE published in St. Louis, 1831. Rigid regulations re 
 stricted influx of foreigners. 
 
 Kit Carson, born Kentucky, December 24, 1809. Adventurous by birth and 
 association. Taos, 1828. Sacramento Valley, 1829-30. Exciting life. Met Fre 
 mont as he started on first expedition in 1842. Friendship with Fremont and 
 wife and Senator Benton. Fremont s and Carson s Memoirs. Carson s and Beale s 
 heroic act in saving Kearny s army. Died Ft. Lyon, Colo., May 23, 1868. 
 
 John Coulter s ADVENTURES * * IN CALIFORNIA. Lies ; see Overland, Vol. 2, 
 p. 263. Natural instinct to romance. R. H. Dana s visit. Two YEARS BEFORE 
 THE MAST, 1840. Truthful and fascinating. Forbes s CALIFORNIA and Robinson s 
 LIFE IN CALIFORNIA, 1846. These three books had wonderful influence in stim 
 ulating travel to California. Also reports of Fremont s explorations, 1842-43-44- 
 45-46, and Greenhow s OREGON AND CALIFORNIA (1844.) 
 
 Donner party. Reed and Donner. Enlargement of party at Independence. 
 Death on way. Ft. Bridger. Hastings cut-off. Reed s energy. Loss of stock on 
 Salt Desert. Death of Snyder. Banishment of Reed. Heroism of 12-year-old 
 Virginia. Privations. Return of Stanton. In the snow. Horrors. Rescue. Sin 
 clair and Yount. Virginia s letter. Thornton s account. 
 
 Heath Davis s SIXTY YEARS IN CALIFORNIA. Story of Sutter. Jim Beck- 
 wourth. Crow Chief. Scout. Indian trader. Messenger from Monterey. Mur 
 ders at San Miguel. Slaying a grizzly bear. Ross Browne s DANGEROUS JOURNEY. 
 Fight between bull and bear. Parkman s OREGON TRAIL. 
 
 II. Military Invasion. Fremont s memoirs. U. S. Flag raised Tuesday, July 
 7. War with Mexico. Sloat at Monterey. Kearny s Army of the West. Re 
 port. Battle of San Pasqual. Journey across desert. Desperate straits. John 
 ston s Diary. Carson s and Beale s heroism. 
 
 III. Pioneers of the Gold Days. Vast amount of material. Manly s Death 
 Valley party. Manly and Rogers go ahead. Their return. The little mule. Pack 
 ing the oxen. The stampede. Comedy and tragedy. Escape. The real Death 
 Valley party. Colton s THREE YEARS IN CALIFORNIA. Bryant s WHAT I SAW IN 
 CALIFORNIA, 1846-7. Bayard Taylor. William Taylor s street preaching in San 
 Francisco. ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO. White s reply. Bret Harte s Stories. 
 Habberton s ROMANCE OF CALIFORNIA LIFE. 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 13 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE V. 
 
 Bancroft s HISTORIES. Beckwourth, James, LIFE OF SCOUT AND PIONEER. Browne, 
 J. Ross, DANGEROUS JOURNEY. Canfield, C. L., DIARY OF A FORTY-NINER. Carson, 
 Kit, STORY OF LIFE AND ADVENTURES. Conrad, H. L., UNCLE DICK WOOTTON. Dana, 
 R. H., Two YEARS BEFORE THE MAST. Dellenbaugh, F., BREAKING THE WILDER 
 NESS. Emory, Abert, Cooke and Johnston, REPORTS ON OPERATIONS OF ARMY OF 
 THE WEST. Fremont, J. C., MEMOIRS OF MY LIFE. Forbes, A., CALIFORNIA, pub 
 lished in London. Grey, William, PIONEER TIMES IN CALIFORNIA. Greenhow, 
 Robert, OREGON AND CALIFORNIA. Inman, SANTA FE TRAIL. Lewis & Clark s 
 EXPLORATIONS. Manly, W. L., DEATH VALLEY IN 49. McGlashan, C. F., THE 
 DONNER PARTY. Miller, Joaquin, LIFE AMONG THE MODOCS. Pattie, James O., 
 PERSONAL NARRATIVE, Cincinnati, 1831. Reprinted 1905. Robinson, Alfred, LIFE 
 IN CALIFORNIA. Soule, Gihon and Nisbet, ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO. Thorn 
 ton, J. Quinn, OREGON AND CALIFORNIA. Upham s and Bigelow s LIFE OF FRE 
 MONT. A large variety of interesting narratives of exploration from 1800 to 1857, 
 directly or indirectly bearing upon California may be found in Pacific Railway 
 Reports, Vol. XI, p. 13 et seq. 
 
 In the Bancroft Library, State University, Berkeley, are many personal nar 
 ratives of pioneers, in manuscript, of great value. 
 
 Lecture VI The Founding of the Overland Monthly 
 
 Twenty years after discovery of gold. Material prosperity. Early magazines 
 GOLDEN ERA, 1852. THE PIONEER, 1854. HUTCHINGS CALIFORNIA MAGAZINE, 
 1858. July, 1868, OVERLAND MONTHLY born. Anton Roman. Devoted to the de 
 velopment of the country. Bret Harte. Born Albany, N. Y., 1839. Printer on 
 GOLDEN ERA. Starr King. Mint. Poet of Serious Things. The Reveille. Made 
 editor. Noah Brooks and W. C. Bartlett to help. Charles Warren Stoddard. Ina 
 Coolbrith. The Golden Gate Trinity. Their work. Luck of Roaring Camp. 
 Local criticism. Roman s and Harte s decision. Offer from ATLANTIC MONTHLY. 
 Harte s account in General Introduction to his collected works, Houghton, Miff- 
 lin & Co. Mining camp stories. Dialect poems. Heathen Chinee. Original 
 M. S. S. in State University Library. Work as editor. 
 
 Ina Coolbrith and Beckwourth. Life and school in Los Angeles. San Fran 
 cisco. Joyousness of early songs. Stedman s praise. Whittier s comments on 
 California. Keith s appreciation of Meadow Larks. Life in Oakland. Librarian. 
 In San Francisco. The earthquake and fire. Loss of manuscripts, letters, etc. 
 Her poem on San Francisco. 
 
 Charles Warren Stoddard. Born Rochester, N. Y. Early poems. Theatre. 
 FOR THE PLEASURE OF His COMPANY. Earlier experiences in FOOTPRINTS OF THE 
 PADRES. Hawaii. Kipling s estimate of SOUTH SEA IDYLLS. Compare his Skylark 
 with Shelley s. Becomes a Catholic. Poor speller. Notre Dame and Washington 
 University. Onomatopoesy in Bells of San Gabriel. 
 
14 Syllabus of Course of Ledtures on 
 
 Other writers of note Miller, Bierce, Brooks, Bartlett, Avery, McCrackin, 
 Victor, Mark Twain. 
 
 Varying fortunes of OVERLAND. 
 
 If desired, a separate lecture can be given, devoted entirely to Charles Warren 
 Stoddard. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE VI. 
 
 Early volumes of OVERLAND MONTHLY from 1868. Also Bret Harte Memorial 
 Number, September, 1902. Consult Poole s Index for articles on Harte, Cool- 
 brith and Stoddard. = Coolbrith, Ina, SONGS FROM THE GOLDEN GATE. Cummins, 
 Ella S., STORY OF THE FILES. Harte, Bret, WORKS AND POEMS. James, George 
 Wharton, INA COOLBRITH (sketch in National Magazine, June, 1907) ; CHARLES 
 WARREN STODDARD, (in Ave Maria, May 22, 1909.) Stoddard, Charles Warren, 
 POEMS, SOUTH SEA IDYLLS, HAWAIIAN LIFE, ISLAND OF TRANQUIL DELIGHTS, 
 MARSHALLA, A TROUBLED HEART, WONDER WORKER OF PADUA, CRUISE UNDER THE 
 CRESCENT, OVER THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS TO ALASKA, IN THE FOOTPRINTS OF THE 
 PADRES, EXITS AND ENTRANCES, FOR THE PLEASURE OF His COMPANY, THE LEPERS 
 OF MOLOKAI. 
 
 Lecture VII Joaquin Miller, the Poet of the Sierras 
 
 Joaquin Miller. Born in wagon on way to Indiana, November 10, 1841. 
 Quaker parents. Moving west. Indians in Indiana. When Little Sister Came. 
 Fremont s explorations. Crossing the plains to Oregon. Gold mines. First song. 
 LIFE AMONG THE MODOCS. Justice of Peace. SPECIMENS. Pony rider. To Idaho 
 and Montana. HISTORY OF MONTANA. JOAQUIN, ET. AL. Bret Harte s dislike. Ap 
 pears in San Francisco. Meets Ina Coolbrith. Drops name of Cincinnatus Heine 
 and becomes Joaquin. My first visit to the Hights. Three miles east and one 
 mile perpendicular! Joaquin s peculiar equipment as poet. Association with In 
 dians. Child mind. Fullest culture. Nature in all its largeness. Freedom of 
 miners and pioneers. Pure lyric poetry. To London. SONGS OF SIERRAS. In 
 stant success. Browning. Rossetti, etc. Misunderstood and vilified in America. 
 Indian wife. Callishasta. Minnie Myrtle. His gentleness under her censure. 
 Tender words in MEMORIE AND RHYME. Is he a poseur? My New Year s Day 
 visit. Meeting with John P. Irish. Reception to Mrs. Langtry. Simple heart. 
 Alaska trip. Solitude on the Hights. Hear the voice of God. Planting trees. 
 Quotations on "Rain." Love for his mother. Heroism Civil War. Quakerism. 
 Defense of Indians. Poet of peace. Peter Cooper. The greatest heroes. Poet of 
 freedom. Cuba Libre. To Russia. Poems on Boers. His solitude. His refusal 
 to keep any books. Defense of Japan. Place in American poetry. Imagination. 
 Description. Lyric power. Humanity. Prophecy. Humor. The genius of Co 
 lumbus. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE VII. 
 
 Joaquin Miller s COMPLETE WORKS, 6 vols., San Francisco, 1909, Whitaker- 
 Ray-Wiggins Co. ; THE DANITES ; LIFE AMONG THE MODOCS ; PAQUITA, THE INDIAN 
 HEROINE ; MEMORIE AND RHYME ; FIRST FAMILIES OF THE SIERRAS ; GOLD SEEKERS 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 15 
 
 OF THE SIERRAS ; DESTRUCTION OF GOTHAM ; BUILDING OF THE CITY BEAUTIFUL. 
 Consult Poole s Index for magazine articles on Miller. Hubbard & James, 
 JOAQUIN MILLER, Roycroft, 1903. 
 
 Lecture VIII The California Humorists 
 
 Humor of various kinds. No attempt to analyze humor. Inclusive. Califor 
 nia humor cosmopolitan; influx of various races; new conditions, new juxtapo 
 sitions produce conscious and unconscious humor. The largeness of the country 
 leads to extravagance and exaggeration. California s contributions to American 
 humor: John, Phoenix, Squibob, Bret Harte, Joaquin Miller, Ross Browne, Am 
 brose Bierce, Mark Twain, Charles Warren Stoddard, Dan de Quille, J. T. Good 
 man, Sam Davis, C. C. Goodwin, Gelett Burgess, E. S. Field (Childe Harold), 
 Charles K. Field, "Chimmie Fadden," "Hashimura Togo," "Sazerac Lying Club." 
 
 John Phoenix Lieut. G. H. Derby, West Point graduate, 1846. Suggestions 
 for new uniform. Drawings. Hook on pants. Secretary Davis s anger. PHOENIX- 
 IANA (1856), a protest against long-winded scientific reports. Dedicated to Dr. 
 Hitchcock. The Doctor s horse. Editor San Diego Herald. Change of politics. 
 Pictorial edition. Antidote for fleas. THE SQUIBOB PAPERS, 1859. Illustrations. 
 Died May 15, 1861. 
 
 Ross Browne. Irish. Born 1822. WHALING CRUISE. Shorthand reporter. 
 Reporter of California Constitutional Convention. Harper s correspondent. 
 YUSEF. AMERICAN FAMILY IN GERMANY. LAND OF THOR. CRUSOE S ISLAND. 1868 
 U. S. Minister to China. Died October, 1875. The driver George. Mary Jane. 
 Driver s humor over Sierras. Smashup at Walker s lake. 
 
 Mark Twain. TUMPING FROG, in Overland Monthly. Innocents in New York. 
 INNOCENTS ABROAD, written for San Francisco paper. Petrified man. SAZERAC 
 LYING CLUB, Fred H. Hart. Charles Warren Stoddard s quiet humor. "Joshing" 
 of the Hawaiian Consul in ISLAND OF TRANQUIL DELIGHTS. Wm. Wright, (Dande 
 Quille.) BIG BONANZA. Expert pistollers. Bill Terry s Jokes. Street Fakirs. 
 Sam Davis. Piano in Camp. 
 
 Ambrose Bierce. Satirical and grim humor. Classic wit. Lines on orator. 
 Midwinter Fair. James Cabell Brown. CALABAZAS. Kate Sanborn s TRUTHFUL 
 WOMAN IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Lecture on the mountains. THE LARK. A 
 spontaneous outburst of new, free wit. Typical of the freedom of California. 
 Gelett Burgess. Bruce Porter. "Childe Harold." C. K. Field. Paul Shoup. 
 Lionel Josaphare BUNGALOW STORIES. R. J. Burdette. CHIMES FROM JESTER S 
 BELLS. RISE AND FALL OF A MOUSTACHE. Kind satire and exaggeration. Father 
 Wood s Parodies of Heathen Chinee. Townsend s CHIMMIE FADDEN. SAGE 
 BBUSH PARSON. Alice Ward Bailey. Fred Emerson. Brooks. Negro, Dutch, 
 Italian dialects. George Bromley, wit of the Bohemian Club. Dr. Behr s Bohe 
 mian witticisms. Herbert Bashford s Newbrasky s Fertile Shore. A. J. Water- 
 house. Frank Seabright. E. A. Brininstool. Miriam Michelson. THE MADI- 
 GANS. P. V. Mighels. BRUVVER JIM S BABY. Short Stories. Amanda Matthews 
 quaint stories of Sonoratown. Wallace Irwin. A new note. LOVE SONNETS OF 
 A HOODLUM. Hashimura Togo. 
 
16 Syllabus of Course of Lectures on 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE VIII. 
 
 Bailey, Alice Ward, SAGE BRUSH PARSON. Bashford, Herbert, AT THE SHRINE 
 OF SONG. Behr, H. H., THE HOOT OF THE OWL. Bierce, Ambrose, DOD GRILE, 
 BLACK BEETLES IN AMBER, SHAPES OF CLAY. Brown, James Cabell, CALABAZAS. 
 Browne, J. Ross, THE APACHE COUNTRY, etc. Brooks, Fred Emerson, OLD AcE; 
 PICKETT S CHARGE. Bromley, George, THE LONG AGO AND THE LATER ON. Bur 
 gess, Gelett, THE LARK, Vols. 1 and 2. Derby, G. H., PHOENIXIANA, and the 
 SQUIBOB PAPERS. Harte, Bret, COLLECTED WORKS. Hart, Fred H., SAZERAC LYING 
 CLUB. Irwin, Wallace, LOVE SONNETS OF A HOODLUM; AT THE SIGN OF THE DOL 
 LAR; LETTERS OF A JAPANESE SCHOOLBOY. Keyes, E. D., (on George H. Derby,) 
 FIFTY YEARS OBSERVATION (pp. 198-9.) Mathews, Amanda, HIEROGLYPHICS OF 
 LOVE. Michelson, Miriam, THE MADIGANS, etc. Mighels, Phillip Verril, BRUVVER 
 JIM S BABY, etc. Sanborn, Kate, A TRUTHFUL WOMAN IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 
 Stoddard, C. W., see list under Lecture VI. Townsend, C. H., CHIMMIE FADDEN. 
 Twain, Mark (Samuel L. Clemens), JUMPING FROG AND OTHER SKETCHES; INNO 
 CENTS AT HOME, INNOCENTS ABROAD, etc. Waterhouse, A. J., SOME HOMELY 
 SONGS; LAYS FOR LITTLE CHAPS. Wright, William, THE BIG BONANZA. Woods, 
 Henry, LUDI IGNATIANI. 
 
 Lecture IX Ambrose Bierce, the last of the Satirists, and 
 his two pupils, George Sterling and Herman Scheffauer 
 
 The place of satire in literature. Lucilius. Lucian. Juvenal. Rabelais. Dante. 
 Vauquelin, the father of modern French satire. Butler s HUDIBRAS. Byron. Hood. 
 Thackeray. Carlyle. Lowell. Bierce s grim humor. Horrible imagination. Ir 
 reverence. Fearlessness. Attacks on mediocrity. Feared and dreaded. Soldier 
 in War of Rebellion. Experiences in England. NUGGETS AND DUST. FANTASTIC 
 FABLES. Editing English paper. San Francisco. BLACK BEETLES IN AMBER. 
 Bierce s explanation. A writer of satire, the object a matter of indifference. At 
 tacks on DeYoung. Sarcasm at Stoneman s Thanksgiving Proclamation. SHAPES 
 OF CLAY. Cover design. Wonder and the Devil. Art. MONK AND HANGMAN S 
 DAUGHTER. Schuete edition, 1892. Rap at Danzizer in 1907 edition. CAN THESE 
 THINGS BE? IN THE MIDST OF LIFE. Wierd, horrible. Surpass Poe in unnatural- 
 ness and horror. 
 
 Bierce s other side. His ode to liberty. Defense of soldiers of South (to E. S. 
 Solomon.) Fight against Huntington s Funding Bill. Tenderness. A Baby 
 Tramp. 
 
 Dedication of SHAPES OF CLAY to Sterling and Scheffauer. George Sterling. 
 Oakland Life. Early training. Tendencies to Socialism. Bierce s influence. 
 Testimony of the Suns. Naturalness of this diction. Home at Carmel. Sire 
 at Bohemian Jinks. The Triumph of Bohemia, 1907. WINE OF WIZARDY. Great 
 controversy. Beirce s estimate. What constitutes poetry. Monahan s fun. To 
 Bierce. "The man I might have been." Poems on Oblivion. Back to humanity. 
 Night in Heaven. 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 1 7 
 
 Herman Scheffauer. Schoolboy s letter to the satirist. Reply. Meeting. Bo 
 hemia. Helpfulness. Work in England. Reviews, etc., LOOMS OF LIFE. Proem. 
 Man and Woman. Stalactite and Stalagmite. Ballad. Louis Robertson. Bohe 
 mian drama, THE SONS OF BALDUR, 1908. Niagara. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE IX. 
 
 Bierce, Ambrose, COLLECTED WORKS, also earlier editions ; Prattle, in San Fran 
 cisco Examiner. Scheffauer, Herman, LOOMS OF LIFE; THE SONS OF BALDUR. 
 Sterling, George, THE TESTIMONY OF THE SUNS; THE WINE OF WIZARDRY. 
 
 For a right understanding of the place of satire in literature, read James 
 Hannay s SATIRE AND SATIRISTS, and consult Poole s Index for magazine articles 
 on the subject. 
 
 Lecture X Edwin Markham, "The Poet of Humanity" 
 
 Early life. Oregon. Mendocino County. Mendocino Memory. Three books, 
 Bible, Shakespeare, Bunyan. Directness of thought. Benefit of no early school 
 ing. No conventional way of viewing life. Sees men and things as they are. 
 Blacksmith. Normal school at San Jose. Influence of T. L. Harris. High school, 
 Oakland. Poems in Overland, etc. THE MAN WITH THE HOE. Bierce s praise 
 and attacks. Misapprehensions. Replies. Huntington s offer in New York Sun. 
 Cheney s prize poem. Goodcell s MAN WITH THE SPADE. D. F. Leary s TOIL. 
 All based on error. No rebuke to toil. The denunciation is against those who 
 grind the face of the toiler. There must be "dreams" accompanying it. Mark- 
 ham s brochure. Dedicated to Bailey Millard the first of men to welcome and 
 to speed the "Man With the Hoe." First read at Ruskin Club dinner, Oakland. 
 Then to Bailey Millard at Carol Carrington s. San Francisco Examiner. Five 
 years worth $10. Now $100. First edition autographed sold $75. How he came 
 to write the poem. Hard worker on ranch. Death-clutch when crops fail. Why? 
 A type of industrial oppression in all lands. Degradation of joyless labor. Sweat 
 shops. Child factories. The savage of civilization. Millet s explanation of his 
 picture. Carlyle s words. Ruskin. Not poverty but the soul-poverty of the hope 
 less, bent drudges of factory, sweat-shop and mine. He is a man dead to aspira 
 tion and ideal. Difference between drudgery and labor. Fight for industrial free 
 dom. Real brotherhood of man. London Express. Poem on Boer War. Peace 
 over Africa. $500. LINCOLN AND OTHER POEMS. Joy of the Hills; Kyka; "In 
 asmuch" ; Virgilia; The Homing Heart; The Chant of the Vultures. Home at 
 Westerleigh. Books galore. Friendship with Maxim. Humor. Mrs. Markham. 
 Virgil. Fight for children. A true and great poet. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE X. 
 
 Markham, Edwin, THE MAN WITH THE HOE; LINCOLN; articles in Cosmo 
 politan on Child Labor; see Poole s Index for poems and articles in magazines 
 by Markham, and for criticisms and reviews of his work. Cheney, John Vance, 
 REPLY TO THE MAN WITH THE HOE. Goodcell, Henry, THE MAN WITH THE 
 SPADE. Leary, Daniel Florence, TOIL. 
 
18 Syllabus of Course of Lectures on 
 
 Lecture XI The Nature Writers 
 
 California a paradise for Nature writers. Parallel to Greece. Climate. Great 
 mountain ranges. Ocean. Canyons. Forests. Deserts. Altitudes of high and 
 low; snow and blossom. Flowers, birds, etc. California should be fruitful in 
 Nature writers. Influence of Isaak Walton, Gilbert White, Thoreau, Burroughs, 
 Surpassing conditions and environment should produce surpassing results. 
 HUTCHINGS MAGAZINE. HEART OF THE SIERRAS. His home in Yosemite. Emer*/ 
 son. Tragic death. James Capen Adams. Grizzly bear hunter. Taming of Ben 
 jamin Franklin and Lady Washington. W. C. Bartlett, BREEZE FROM THE WOODS. 
 First article in Overland. Two editions published. Classic. Quaint humor. Care 
 ful observation. Quotableness. Art of forgetfulness. Dog and nature healing. 
 Songs of the Woods. Clarence King and the Geological Survey. Botany and 
 geology of California. MOUNTAINEERING IN THE SIERRA NEVADA. Pure litera 
 ture. Enshrinement of California spirit. Gertrude Atherton s comment on book. 
 Cotter s and King s ascent and descent of Mt. Tyndall. Desert mirage. Joseph 
 Le Conte. Beloved. Ramblings in Yosemite. Trip in Warner Spur of Sierras. 
 Diary of trip. John Muir. Mrs. Carr. Early life. Father. Baker s account in 
 Outlook. Inventive genius. Study in early morning. University of Wisconsin. 
 Professor and Mrs. Carr. Eye injured. Ramble through south. To California. 
 Yosemite. Letter in Craftsman. Study in mountains. Glaciers. Alaska. 
 STICKEEN. Offer of professorship. Refusal. MOUNTAINS OF CALIFORNIA. OUR 
 NATIONAL PARKS. Harriman s ALASKA EXPEDITION. Sunflowers. Ouzel. Doug 
 las squirrel. Storm in mountains. Climbing tree. Autobiography. Sierra Club 
 outings. T. S. Van Dyke. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. MILLIONAIRES OF A DAY. 
 FLIRTATION CAMP. Procession of flowers. Wind currents. Charles Keeler. 
 BIRD NOTES AFIELD. COLORS OF NORTH AMERICAN LAND BIRDS. Poet, scientist 
 and lecturer. Mrs. Keeler s sketches. Charles Frederick Holder. Sportsman. 
 Editor California Magazine. LIFE OF DARWEN. TORQUA. Great fisherman Tuna 
 Club, Avalon. Big game. Master of hounds. Coaching. Stanton Davis Kirk- 
 ham. Companionship of woods and trees. IN THE OPEN. Exquisite stories of 
 birds, trees, Nature. Elizabeth and Joseph Grinnell. Beautiful relationship in 
 study. Humming birds. Jays. Road-runner. Joseph now at Berkeley. With 
 Harriman expedition. BIRDS OF SONG AND STORY. Olive Thome Miller. Life 
 student of birds. Many books. Now living in Los Angeles. Mrs. Harriet Myers. 
 Studies. Florence A. Merriam. A-BIRDING ON A BRONCO. The lure of the Des 
 ert. Five writers issue books almost simultaneously. Mary Austin, John C. Van 
 Dyke. George Wharton James, Arthur C. Burdick, Idah Meacham Strobridge. 
 Earthquake literature. E. S. Holden. H. W. Fairbanks. D. Starr Jordan. J. C. 
 Branner. Jordan s CALIFORNIA AND CALIFORNIANS. ALPS OF THE KING-KERN DI 
 VIDE. JOSIAH KEEP S PACIFIC COAST SHELLS. Mary Parson s WILD FLOWERS OF 
 CALIFORNIA. Belle Sumner Angier s GARDEN BOOK OF CALIFORNIA. Grace Seton 
 Thompson. A WOMAN TENDERFOOT. Philip Verrill Mighels. CHATWIT. Luther 
 Burbank s great work for humanity. Harwood s STORY OF BURBANK. E. J. Wick- 
 son, Scientific literature. Burton s book. A strong climax in Stewart Edward 
 White. Grandeur of mountains. SILENT PLACES, THE FOREST, etc. A master of 
 vivid, virile prose. Exquisite descriptions. Many magazine articles by various au 
 thors. Chief among these Ninetta Eames. Shasta. Hop fields. Redwoods, etc. 
 
 Books on adjacent country, by California authors. Similarity. Nevada. Ari 
 zona. Mexico, etc. SAGE BRUSH PARSON. The Sage Brush School of Western 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 19 
 
 writers. Charles F. Lummis. STRANGE CORNERS OF OUR COUNTRY. LAND OF 
 Poco TIEMPO. AWAKENING OF A NATION. TRAMP ACROSS THE CONTINENT, etc. 
 Contain much of ethnologic and antiquarian interest. Editor OUT WEST. Right 
 Hand of the Continent. Librarian Los Angeles. J. A. Munk s ARIZONA SKETCHES. 
 George Wharton James. GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA. INDIANS OF PAINTED DES 
 ERT REGION. Studies of Indians. STORY OF SCRAGGLES. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XL 
 
 Angier, Belle Sumner, GARDEN BOOK OF CALIFORNIA. Austin, Mary, LAND OF 
 LITTLE RAIN; THE BASKET WOMAN; THE FLOCK. Bartlett, W. C., BREEZE FROM 
 THE WOODS. Burbank, Luther, THE CULTIVATION OF THE HUMAN PLANT. Bur- 
 dick, A. J., THE MYSTIC MID-REGION. Burton, G. W., CALIFORNIA S SUNLIT SKIES 
 OF GLORY. Grinell, Elizabeth and Joseph, OUR FEATHERED FRIENDS; BIRDS OF SONG 
 AND STORY; many magazine articles. Harwood, W. S., NEW CREATIONS IN PLANT 
 LIFE (story of Burbank s work.) Hittell, T. H., JAMES CAPEN ADAMS, GRIZZLY 
 BEAR HUNTER. Holden, E. S., EARTHQUAKES OF CALIFORNIA. Holder, Charles 
 Frederick, LIFE OF DARWIN; TORQUA; LOG OF AN ANGLER; BIG GAME AT SEA; LIFE 
 IN THE OPEN, OR SPORT WITH ROD, GUN, HORSE AND HOUND IN SOUTHERN CALI 
 FORNIA; five volumes also of the ILLUSTRATED CALIFORNIA MAGAZINE. Hutchings, 
 J. M., HUTCHINGS MAGAZINE; IN THE HEART OF THE SIERRAS; GUIDE TO Yo- 
 SEMITE. James, George Wharton, IN AND AROUND THE GRAND CANYON; INDIANS 
 OF THE PAINTED DESERT REGION; THE WONDERS OF THE COLORADO DESERT; 
 THROUGH RAMONA S COUNTRY; IN AND OUT OF THE OLD MISSIONS; THE STORY 
 OF SCRAGGLES. Jordan, David Starr, CALIFORNIA AND CALIFORNIANS ; THE ALPS 
 OF THE KING-KERN DIVIDE; (With J. C. Branner, C. Derleth, Jr., G. K. Gilbert, S. 
 Taber, F. Omori, H. W. Fairbanks, and Mary Austin) THE CALIFORNIA EARTH 
 QUAKE OF 1906. Keeler, Charles, BIRD NOTES AFIELD; EVOLUTION OF COLORS OF 
 NORTH AMERICAN LAND BIRDS ; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Keep, Josiah, PACIFIC 
 COAST SHELLS. Kirkham, Stanton Davis, IN THE OPEN; WHERE DWELLS THE 
 SOUL SERENE; THE MINISTRY OF BEAUTY. King, Clarence, MOUNTAINEERING IN 
 THE SIERRA NEVADA. LeConte, Joseph, RAMBLINGS IN THE YOSEMITE; EVOLUTION 
 IN RELATION TO RELIGIOUS THOUGHT; ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. Lummis, C. F., 
 STRANGE CORNERS OF OUR COUNTRY; LAND OF Poco TIEMPO; TRAMP ACROSS THE 
 CONTINENT; A NEW MEXICO DAVID; THE AWAKENING OF A NATION; THE EN 
 CHANTED BURRO; THE GOLD-FISH OF GRAN CHIMU; editor OUT WEST; many ar 
 ticles (see Poole s Index.) Merriam, Florence A., A-BiRDiNG ON A BRONCO. 
 Mighels, Philip Verrill, CHATWIT, THE MAN-TALK BIRD. Miller, Olive Thome 
 (Harriet Mann), a long list of books on birds, published by Houghton, Mifflin & 
 Co., written, however, before taking up residence in California. Muir, John, 
 MOUNTAINS OF CALIFORNIA ; OUR NATIONAL PARKS ; STICKEEN ; HARRIMAN S ALAS 
 KA EXPEDITION. Also many magazine articles by Muir; (see Poole s Index); also 
 articles about him, especially H. M. Bland in OVERLAND; R. Stannard Baker in 
 OUTLOOK, and George Wharton James in CRAFTSMAN. Munk, J. A., ARIZONA 
 SKETCHES. Parsons, Mary E., WILD FLOWERS OF CALIFORNIA. Seton-Thompson, 
 Grace Gallatin, A WOMAN TENDERFOOT. Strobridge, Idah Meacham, IN MINER S 
 MIRAGE-LAND; THE LOOM OF THE DESERT; THE LAND OF PURPLE SHADOWS. Van 
 Dyke, T. S., SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MILLIONAIRES OF A DAY; FLIRTATION CAMP. 
 Van Dyke, John C., THE DESERT. Wickson, E. J., several books on Fruit Culture 
 and many magazine articles; also editor PACIFIC RURAL PRESS. White, Stewart 
 Edward, THE BLAZED TRAIL ; THE SILENT PLACES ; THE FOREST; THE MOUNTAINS ; 
 THE WESTERNERS. 
 
20 Syllabus of Course of Lectures on 
 
 It is impossible in a single lecture to make extensive biographical and critical 
 references to the work of any one poet, or to read many selections. In these out 
 lines, therefore, I have suggested readings, from which selections will be made 
 for each lecture. 
 
 Lecture XII A Cycle of Early Verse 
 
 One hundred and twenty-eight volumes of California song on table as I write. 
 Many good songs. Disposed of Harte, Miller, Stoddard, Coolbrith, Markham, 
 Bierce, Sterling, Scheffauer. Cursory survey. Almost arbitrary division into four 
 sections and give lecture to each. I Early verse. II The San Jose School. Ill 
 Religious verse. IV Later verse. 
 
 I. Early verse. Earliest songs of the pioneers. FEET S SONGSTERS. 1855. 
 Rude songs of the miners. Good idea of mines in early days. Bartholomew Dow- 
 ling. Born Listowel, County Kerry, Ireland. California in 1852. Editor San Fran 
 cisco Monitor 1858. Died San Francisco, November 20, 1863. Crowley gathered 
 forty songs in his IRISH POETS. Death Song of Viking. Brigade at Fontenoy. 
 Hurrah for the Next That Dies. Relief of Lucknow. James Linen. Scotchman. Came 
 early to San Francisco. Contributor to Harper s. Poems issued New York, 1852. 
 Second edition in 1866. California poems in this. Died N. Y. about 1870. Scotch 
 poems. / Feel I m Growing Auld, Gude-wife. Imitation of Hiawatha. Masonic 
 Funeral. Edward Pollock. Born September 2, 1823. No schooling, self-taught. 
 California in 1852. Sign painter. The Falcon appeared in 1854 in THE PIONEER. 
 In 1855 studied law. 1856 admitted. Died September 13, 1858. Ode to Califor 
 nia. Evening. Gold is King. John Rollin Ridge. Son of Cherokee chief and 
 educated woman of Connecticut. Born March 19, 1827. Wife saw father mur 
 dered. Came East and son educated. In 1850 in California with wife and infant 
 daughter. POEMS issued by his wife in 1868. Mt. Shasta. Humboldt River. Thin 
 precious volume dated 1866. POEMS. Sarah Carmichael. Mormon girl. Officers 
 of Fort Connor. President Lincoln s Funeral. Passionate ardor of patriotism. 
 California. Stolen Sunbeam. Garbled version in BRYANT S LIBRARY OF POETRY 
 AND SONG, called The Origin of Gold. Tragic story. Married Capt. Williamson. 
 Died in Los Angeles. Charles Warren Stoddard. POEMS. Keith s drawings. Miss 
 M. V. Tingley (now Mrs. Lawrence s) selections taken by Bret Harte OUTCROP- 
 PINGS, 1866. Names, some known, others forgotten. Jealousy aroused. POETRY OF 
 THE PACIFIC, 1867. May Wentworth. Long list of names. Some good poetry. 
 Some distinctively Western. Baker s The Wave. Flag On Fire. Ridge s Hum 
 boldt Desert. Miss Wentworth s Children s Stories. Sam W. Smith s GEMS FROM 
 THE TAILINGS. Attempt to ape Bret Harte in style. "Sluice Club." Useful for 
 giving pictures of mining-camp life. Last poem good. CURLEY DAN. George 
 Homer Meyer. Lad of 20. Native son. Book of great promise. Russian River 
 Legend. Legend of Santa Rosa. Humor. Fishing. Playing Chess. Grape Gath 
 erers. Pretty lullaby. First volume poems of Native Son. Edward Rowland Sill. 
 Born Windsor, Conn., 1841. Yale 1861. California in business. Back East. THE 
 HERMITAGE AND OTHER POEMS. Teacher in Ohio. Returned to California in 1871. 
 Teacher Oakland high school. In 1874 chair of English Literature in University. 
 In 1883 left. THE VENUS OF MILO. Died Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, February 27, 1887. 
 Christmas in California. Among the Redwoods. The Fool s Prayer. Perhaps the 
 purest lyric poet California has had. Careful worker. Too academic. Now and 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 21 
 
 again great strength as in Fool s Prayer, "Words, Words, Words" and The Re 
 former. Sill s HERMITAGE full of San Francisco atmosphere. Comptroller Nye 
 long preparing California poetic Anthology. His estimate of Sill. Volume pub 
 lished here at his death. Richard Realf. Another giant of a different type. Ro 
 mantic history. Born Framfield, Sussex, England, June 14, 1834. Writer at 15. 
 Petted by nobility. Lady Byron sent him to her nephew in Leicester. Scandal. 
 Dementia. United States April, 1855. Reformer. Taught at Five Points. 1856 
 went to Kansas to help free the slave. John Brown. Wrote lyrics for freedom. 
 Selected as Secretary of State for Brown s new state. England. New Orleans. 
 Catholic. Accused by Redpath of being a traitor to Brown. Not true. Appeared 
 before Congressional Committee. Shaker. Lecturing. Volunteered. Civil War. 
 Marital woes. Helped Francis Murphy 1869. Pittsburg. On staff of COMMER 
 CIAL. Divorced 1872. Decree reversed. 1876 came to San Francisco. Back to 
 New York. Again to San Francisco in 1878. Suicided in Oakland, October 28, 
 1878. Buried Lone Mountain. Symbolisms. Indirection. Father-love. Last Poem, 
 written on night of his suicide. Great songs of Liberty and Patriotism. Frances 
 Fuller Victor. Poet of the earlier class. Border stories. Lines to a Lump of 
 Virgin Gold. Nevada. Work for Bancroft. History of Oregon. B. s tribute to 
 her ability. Later years. Poverty. Last volume in 1900. Lizzie F. Baldy, CALI 
 FORNIA PIONEER. A few interesting pictures. Los Angeles. Daniel O Connell. 
 Born County Clare, 1849. California in 1868. Professor in Santa Clara College, 
 afterwards St. Ignatius. Published Lyrics 1881. Camp Indolence. Trees. Sing 
 We a Ringing Anthem. Charles Henry Phelps. Native son. Born Stockton, Jan 
 uary 1, 1853. Editor THE CALIFORNIAN. (Three CALIFORNIANS : I Webb s, 1864- 
 1867; II Somers s, 1880-1882; III Holder s ILLUSTRATED C., 1891-1893; all de 
 funct.) CALIFORNIA VERSES, 1882. California Cradle Song. Yuma. At the Sum 
 mit. Tenaya. Albert Kercheval. DOLORES, a legend of Mission San Gabriel. 
 After Longfellow. Many vivid local poems. Mountains, Desert, Storms, etc. Dia 
 lect and humorous. Charge of the Light (Clad) Brigade. Mining camp poems. 
 Poems by his daughter, Rosalie. Along the Shore. Later work. James Gowdy 
 Clark. Poet and singer of the Civil War. Lived his last days in Southern Cali 
 fornia. Message of Mt. Lowe. Mocking Bird of Saticoy. The City of the Clouds. 
 War songs. Songs of the New Time. Swing Inward, O Gates of the Future. W. 
 Frank Stewart. PLEASANT HOURS. Crazy Nell. Temblor Muy Terrible. The 
 Great Trees of California. Mary Lambert. RHYMING OAK LEAVES, 1892. Sonnet 
 to an Oak. A Rich Man s Reverie. Under the Mulberry Tree. Mrs. M. C. F. 
 Hall-Wood. SEA LEAVES. Nom de plume Camilla K. von K. Strong lines. Pessi 
 mism. Christmas, 1883. Editor Santa Barbara Independent. Aspiration. Flora 
 McDonald Shearer. California. THE LEGEND OF AULUS. Unfortunate death. Ella 
 Ferre (Hannah B. Gage.) THE LAND BY THE SUNSET SEA. Benjamin F. Taylor. 
 Vivid pictures of travel. Descent of the Sierras. Ed. Russell s READINGS FROM 
 CALIFORNIA POETS. An excellent selection. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XII. 
 
 Baldy, Lizzie F., THE CALIFORNIA PIONEER AND OTHER POEMS. Carmichael, 
 Sarah, POEMS. Clark, James Gowdy, POEMS AND SONGS. Crowley, D. O., IRISH 
 POETS AND NOVELISTS. Ferre, Ella, (Hannah B. Gage), THE LAND OF THE SUNSET 
 SEA. Harte, Bret, OUTCROPPINGS OF CALIFORNIA VERSE. Kercheval, A. F. and 
 Rosalie, DOLORES AND OTHER POEMS. Lambert, Mary, RHYMING OAK LEAVES. 
 Linen, James, POETICAL AND PROSE WRITINGS. Meyer, George Homer, LAMARA 
 
22 Syllabus of Course of Ledtures on 
 
 AND OTHER POEMS. O Connell, Daniel, LYRICS, POEMS. Phelps, Charles Henry, 
 CAUFORNIAN VERSES. Pollock, Edward, POEMS. Realf, Richard, POEMS, AND 
 MEMOIR, by R. J. Hinton. Ridge, John K., POEMS. Russell, Edmund, READINGS 
 FROM CALIFORNIA POETS. Shearer, Flora Macdonald, THE LEGEND OF AULUS. 
 Sill, Edward Roland, POEMS. Smith, Sam W., GEMS FROM THE TAILINGS. Stewart, 
 W. Frank, PLEASANT HOURS. Stone, John A., PUT S ORIGINAL CALIFORNIA SONG 
 STER; PUT S GOLDEN SONGSTER, etc. Taylor, Benjamin F., BETWEEN THE GATES. 
 Victor, Frances Fuller, THE NEW PENELOPE; POEMS. Wentworth, May, POETRY 
 OF THE PACIFIC; THE GOLDEN DAWN. Hall-Wood, Mrs. M. C. F. (Camilla K. von 
 K), SEA LEAVES. 
 
 Lecture XIII The Poets of San Jose 
 
 There is no "school" of poets in San Jose. But many poets. Classed to 
 gether. When J. J. Owen alive and editing Mercury there came to him a young 
 woman, silent, feeble, ailing, offered him poems. Felt their power and worth. 
 Position on staff. Madge Morris. DEBRIS. In Nevada nearly thirty years ago. 
 Put Flowers on My Grave. Early 50* s father brought her to California. Visions 
 of San Joaquin Valley. Desert experiences. To the Colorado Desert. Bierce s 
 criticisms. Replies. Rocking the Baby. Liberty Bell. Little Brown Bird. Mar 
 ried Harr Wagner, March 30, 1886. Carrie Stevens Walter. Santa Clara Valley. 
 Many California poems. Sunshine. Shadow. Tempest-tossed. Title of book, 
 ROSE ASHES. California. Published the SANTA CLARA for six years. Children. 
 Night at New Almaden. Died April 27, 1907. Clarence Urmy. Constant, faithful 
 servant of the muse. Contributor to many magazines, East and West. ROSARY 
 OF RHYME, VINTAGE OF VERSE, etc. Nineteen poems on California. Morning in 
 the Sierras. Play of poetic fancy. Essentially a calm lyricist. Down the Lane. 
 Tribute to Ina Coolbrith. Charles Francis Walsh. San Francisco. Mission Bells. 
 Mission Cross. Strength, vigor, worship, reverence. Mrs. Frances L. Mace. Came 
 here from East, where had long written and published. Most careful worker. 
 UNDER PINE AND PALM. Contains her California songs. Waiting, Only Waiting. 
 Born Orono, Maine, January 15, 1834. Died Los Gatos, July 20, 1899. Her scrap- 
 books. Writing with care. Rejection. Poem on Washington s Birthday dis 
 missed with one word, "Highfalutin." Edward E. Cothran. Lawyer. Editor 
 Coronado News. Mt. Blythe. To Jesus. To Blythe. Salamander s Song. Poe 
 like stories. Mrs. Kate B. Cothran. Poet and friend of poets. Cosmic song. 
 Mary H. Field. A California Year. Interest in C. L. S. C. Mira Abbott Maclay. 
 Literary page of San Jose Mercury. A May Day Vision. At Christmastidea 
 rondeau descriptive of the Santa Clara Valley. John R. Richards. Influenced by 
 Sill. IDYLLS OF MONTEREY AND OTHER VERSES. Legend of the Cypress. Story of 
 the Pine. John G. Jury. Essay on The Art of Poetry. Lawyer. Rather acade 
 mic than powerful. Lyric, singing quality. Joy is Mine Where Muses Throng. 
 Two Souls. Henry Meade Bland. Professor English Literature State Normal 
 School. Short-Story Club. Skyland. The Hills of Long Ago. Keep A-Climbing. 
 Simple, sweet songs. The Poet s Wish. Charles D. South. Playwright and poet. 
 Two verses for California to add to National Anthem. Serra Land. Editor San 
 Francisco SUNDAY CALL. Sister Anna Raphael (in Sacred Songs.) Sister An- 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 23 
 
 thony. Swing Song. Liberty. Herbert Bashford. Strength and power. Felt the 
 wilds. Companioned with storms at sea. WOLVES OF THE SEA. Song of Forest 
 Ranger. The Arid Lands. Successful playwriter and manager. Defiance of 
 Doris, etc. TENTING OF THE TILLICUMS. Modern Pagan. To Ina Coolbrith. Critical 
 
 Essays. 
 
 An excellent showing for one city, fully exemplifying Bayard Taylor s proph 
 ecy of sixty years ago. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XIII. 
 
 Bashford, Herbert, SONGS FROM PUGET SEA; THE WOLVES OF THE SEA; AT 
 THE SHRINE OF SONG; TENTING OF THE TILLICUMS; various magazines (consult 
 Poole s Index.) Cothran, Edward E. and Kate Blythe, various magazines. Jury, 
 John G., OMAR AND FITZGERALD, AND OTHER POEMS. Mace, Frances L., LEGENDS, 
 LYRICS AND SONNETS; UNDER PALM AND PINE. Richards, J. R., IDYLLS OF MONTE 
 REY. Urmy, Clarence, A VINTAGE OF VERSE and later volume of poems. Wagner, 
 Madge Morris, DEBRIS; see various magazines. Walter, Carrie Stevens, ROSE 
 ASHES; THE SANTA CLARA MAGAZINE. 
 
 Lecture XIV Religious Verse of California 
 
 Much scattered through various books. Some writers more distinctively re 
 ligious. One of the earliest of these Harriet M. Skidmore "Marie." BESIDE THE 
 WESTERN SEA, 1877. Opening poem, "To the Greater Glory of God." Several 
 dramas. The Cross and the Crescent a Drama of the First Crusade. The Siege 
 of Granada. Church legends. The Consecrated Months. Poetic fancy. Versa 
 tility in description. Devoted daughter of the Catholic Church. ROADSIDE FLOW 
 ERS, 1903. Legends, stories and songs. Greater variety. King Stephen s Protege. 
 Bartholomew Dowling s translation of Korner s Battle-Hymn, Father, I Call to 
 Thee. Thomas Lake Harris. Fountaingrove. Many songs of power. Inspira 
 tion to Brotherhood. Called a mystic. Poems full of powerful imagery. Call 
 to truer life. Reign of Love. THE GREAT REPUBLIC. BATTLE BELLS. THE TRI 
 UMPH OF LIFE. God is the Fountain of Perpetual Youth. Harris s influence. Pro 
 phetic vision. "With song, the winged gondolier, I ferry o er the floods of Time." 
 Richard Edward White. A native Californian. Many songs, religious and other 
 wise. THE CROSS OF MONTEREY. The Midnight Mass. The Masterpiece of Bro 
 ther Felix. Marcella Agnes Fitzgerald. A poetic family. The enshrinement of 
 the poetic fancies of the heart resting in the Home and the Church. Devoted love 
 to California and its shrines. Homeward Bound. Legend of San Miguel. Stir 
 ring picture, At the General Rodeo. Mossy Woodland. A CHAPLET OF VERSE. 
 Rev. D. O. Crowley. CHRISTMAS MEMORIES. Sister Anna Raphael. Dirge on 
 Lincoln. California s Golden Jubilee. Hymns and songs. A Crown of Joy. Sister 
 Anthony. Editor Notre Dame Magazine. A Wish. Ode to Music. The convent 
 wall. Two worlds apart. Of the world, yet set apart. Magdalen. A monologue 
 of power. The Singer. Songs must be human and full of love. Barabbas. Mary 
 Lambert s RHYMING OAK LEAVES. Give Thy Love Now. Adieu. Mater Dolor osa. 
 Louis Alexander Robertson. CLOISTRAL STRAINS. On bed of pain in hospital. 
 
24 Syllabus of Course of Lectures on 
 
 Antithesis of his other books. The Nazarene. Rhyme of the Redeemed. Bes 
 sie Smith. // / Should Die Tonight. Early influence of poem. Annie S. Page. 
 AT THE GATES OF LIGHT. Music. The Miracle at Cana. The Supper at Emmaus. 
 William Hartley Holcomb. OLD MISSION RHYMES. An endeavor to picture their 
 power and romance. Legends of the Church. List to the Bells. THE PLANTING OF 
 THE CROSS, by Horace M. DuBose. Wail at the decay. Strength of description. 
 The change of the old to the new. Chester Gore Miller. FATHER JUNIPERO SERRA. 
 Historical drama. Pretty songs. Bells of Carmelo. Youthful endeavor of prom 
 ise. J. P. Widney. VIA DOMINI. Vox Lamentationis. He Giveth His Beloved 
 Sleep. The New Song. Dr. Widney s great work on Ayrian Race. President 
 University of Southern California. In the quiet of life s close. Charles Francis 
 Saunders. IN A POPPY GARDEN. Short songs of religious thought. Poetic pray 
 ers. The Road to the Sea. Santa Humilitas. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XIV. 
 
 Crowley, Rev. D. A., A CHAPLET OF VERSE BY CALIF. CATHOLIC WRITERS. DuBose, 
 Horace M., THE PLANTING OF THE CROSS. Marcella Agnes Fitzgerald. POEMS. 
 Harris, Thomas Lake, BATTLE BELLS; THE GREAT REPUBLIC; THE TRIUMPH OF 
 LIFE. Holcomb, William Hartley, OLD MISSION RHYMES. Lambert, Mary, 
 RHYMING OAK LEAVES. Miller, Chester Gore, FATHER JUNIPERO SERRA. An his 
 torical drama. Page, Annie S., AT THE GATES OF LIGHT, AND OTHER POEMS. Rob 
 ertson, Louis Alexander, CLOISTRAL STRAINS. Saunders, Charles Francis, IN A 
 POPPY GARDEN. Skidmore, Harriet M., (Marie), BESIDE THE WESTERN SEA; 
 ROADSIDE FLOWERS. White, Richard Edward, THE CROSS OF MONTEREY. Widney, 
 J. P., VIA DOMINI. 
 
 Lecture XV A Cycle of Later California Verse 
 
 High hopes of many poets. Few attain. Few live beyond their own genera 
 tion. Few are known even in their generation. Yet much good is given and 
 in good form. Evidences of the uncontrollable desire of the human soul for ar 
 tistic expression. In 1894 Doxey published ROSES AND THISTLES, by Rufus C. 
 Hopkins. Clever Aztec romance Malinche. The Miser. Humor. Uncle Sam 
 uel s Farm. Venier Voldo. POEMS FROM THE PACIFIC. Let us be conscious 
 how happy we are. Hymn to the Calm Night. Lucius Harwood Foote. Natural 
 versifier. RED LETTER DAY, 1882. Many strong and vigorous western poems. 
 Suiter s Fort. El Vaquero. On the Heights. Roycroft, 1897. Tent Life. A 
 Monograph. Daniel S. Richardson. Contributor Overland. TRAIL DUST, 1908. 
 The Promise of the Sierra. Panchita. Dormer Lake. Now Japanese Consulate. 
 Fred Emerson Brooks. Lecturer, reader, great success. OLD AcE AND OTHER 
 POEMS and PICKETT S CHARGE. Versatility, vigor, freshness, pathos. Dialect po 
 ems. Humorous. Louis Alexander Robertson. My first visit, San Francisco, 
 1908. Life. DEAD CALYPSO. Other books. Bohemian Sire of High Jinks. En 
 larged to play. THROUGH PAINTED PANES, 1907. Includes many of the others. 
 Strength of Ataxia. Changes. Give a Beggar a Crust. Nothing distinctively west 
 ern save Resurgam and The California Redwoods. Maurice V. Samuels. Native 
 son. Plays. THE FLORENTINES, 1904. Humorous. Spirited. Spontaneous. Mar- 
 

 California Literature and its Spirit 25 
 
 shall Ilsley. BY THE WESTERN SEA. An Invitation, The Island Fool. A Desert 
 Junction. Greville D Arville. OMEGA ET ALPHA, 1899. A Remembrance. Har 
 vest. Ode to Y os emit e. HATHOR, by Stanley Coghill. Halo of ancient things. 
 Quatrain, p. 17. Friend. Ghosts. Morning in Alaska. The Song of the Purple 
 Sea. One of the strongest names John Vance Cheney. Librarian of San Fran 
 cisco. Newberry, now San Diego. THISTLE DRIFT, 1887. Light and airy. Title 
 good. THE GOLDEN GUESS, 1892. Essays on Poetry and the Poets. NINETTE, 1894. 
 POEMS, 1905. Contributor to leading magazines. Lyric quality. Love of Out- 
 Doors. Compare with Miller and Markham. Bailey Millard. Poet and friend of 
 poets. Editor San Francisco Examiner. SONGS OF THE PRESS, 1902. The Yo- 
 semite Road. John Muir. The Crotalus. The Apache in Ambush. DELPHINE, 
 1901. Simple rhymes of L. Adda Nichols. Lydia F. Angney. CALIFORNIA, 1900. 
 W. D. Crabb. LYRICS OF THE GOLDEN WEST, 1898. Rock of Monterey. J. Vinton 
 Webster. THE HERMIT S HOME, 1903. WORLD OF SONG, 1878. Josephine Walcott. 
 "Cordelia Havens." Onward. Santa Barbara. Edward Robeson Taylor. Mayor- 
 poet of San Francisco. MOODS AND OTHER VERSES, 1899. The Sawmill. SON 
 NETS FROM THE TROPHIES OF JOSE-MARIA DE HEREDIA, 1902. Grace and power. 
 Language experts say with fidelity. Evening of Battle. The Conquerors. The 
 Century Flower. VISIONS, 1903. The Lark. With the Eagle. INTO THE LIGHT, 
 1906. Joseph Le Conte at Yosemite, July 4-6, 1901. William Keith. Bass. Earth 
 quake and fire destroyed this edition. SELECTED POEMS, 1907. Howard V. Suther 
 land. JACINTA, 1900. Lines to California. IDYLLS OF GREECE, 1908. Sweet singer. 
 Love of the West. Lorenzo Sosso. High ambitions. Career. IN THE REALMS 
 OF GOLD, 1902. WISDOM FOR THE WISE. Introspective. Little knowledge of scenic 
 environment. Passionate devotion to art. Frances M. Milne. Poet of the new 
 order. Henry George. Tom L. Johnson. The Land of Bye and Bye. Back to 
 the Land. Fannie de C. Miller. IN THE REDWOODS. Emma Dawson. Weird. Old 
 Glory. Decoration Day. Bierce s praise. Grace Hibbard. Prolific pen. Sweet 
 and simple songs. "Wee Hoosie." CALIFORNIA POPPIES, 1893. VIOLETS, 1902. 
 WILD ROSES, 1902. FORGET-ME-NOTS, 1907. Yone Noguchi. J. Miller s "Rights." 
 Tin-roofed house beside his own. SEEN AND UNSEEN, 1896. Befriended by G. 
 Burgess and P. Garnett. Introduction by G. B. The Brave Upright Rains. The 
 Shadow of the Trees. Not "popular" poetry. Ralph Irwin Gibbs. SONGS OF CON 
 TENT, 1903. Introduction by Charles Mills Gayley. Bold Blue Jay. Daybreak in 
 Sierra Nevada. A singer of great promise. Untimely end. Lionel Josaphare. 
 Rising star. TURQUOISE AND IRON, 1902. SOVEREIGN IN THE STREET, 1907. Poems 
 of democracy. Strength. Power. Clear insight. One of the Wicked. The 
 Hump-back, Cripple, and One-Eyed Man. Lowell Otus Reese. Fugitive poems. 
 The Sand Storm. Passion and power. One of California s latest singers is John 
 McGroarty. Editor WEST COAST MAGAZINE. Songs of California. Devotion to 
 the land. Mrs. Eliza A. Otis. Voluminous writer on Los Angeles Times. Ordi 
 nary verse. L. E. Mosher, "Hank Waggoner." History. Tragic death. Early 
 days in California. THE STRANDED BUGLE. Rose Hartwick Thorpe. Curfew Shall 
 Not Ring. Many other and temperance poems. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XV. 
 
 Angney, Lydia F., CALIFORNIA AND OTHER POEMS. Brooks, Fred Emerson, 
 OLD ACE; PICKETT S CHARGE AND OTHER POEMS. Crabb. W. D., LYRICS OF THE 
 GOLDEN WEST. Cheney, John Vance, THISTLE DRIFT; THE GOLDEN GUESS; NAN 
 ETTE; POEMS. Coghill, Stanley, HATHOR. D Arville, Greville, OMEGA ET ALPHA. 
 
26 Syllabus of Course of Lectures on 
 
 Foote, Lucius Harwood, A RED LETTER DAY; ON THE HEIGHTS. Gibbs, Ralph 
 Erwin, SONGS OF CONTENT (with introduction by Charles Mills Gayley.) Hibbard, 
 Grace, WILD POPPIES ; WILD ROSES OF CALIFORNIA ; CALIFORNIA VIOLETS ; FORGET- 
 ME-NoTs FROM CALIFORNIA. Hopkins, Rufus C., ROSES AND THISTLES. Ilsley, 
 Marshall, BY THE WESTERN SEA. Josaphare, Lionel, TURQUOISE AND IRON; THE 
 SOVEREIGN IN THE STREET AND OTHER POEMS. Milne, Frances Margaret, FOR 
 TODAY; HELIOTROPE; A COTTAGE GRAY. Miller, Fannie de C., IN THE REDWOODS. 
 McGroarty, John S., JUST CALIFORNIA; WANDER SONGS. Millard, Bailey, SONGS OF 
 THE PRESS. Mosher, L. E., THE STRANDED BUGLE. Noguchi, Yone, SEEN AND 
 UNSEEN. Nichols, L. Adda, DELPHINE AND OTHER POEMS. Otis, Eliza A., WHERE 
 SETS THE SUN. Robertson, Louis Alexander, THE DEAD CALYPSO; BEYOND THE 
 REQUIEMS; CLOISTRAL STRAINS; FROM CRYPT AND CHOIR; THROUGH PAINTED 
 PANES. Richardson, Daniel S., TRAIL DUST. See, E. Anna, GOLDEN HARP STRAINS 
 OF CALIFORNIA. Samuels, Maurice V., THE FLORENTINES. Sosso, Lorenzo, IN THE 
 REALMS OF GOLD; POEMS OF HUMANITY; WISDOM FOR THE WISE. Sutherland, 
 Howard V., JACINTA AND OTHER VERSES; IDYLLS OF GREECE. Taylor, Edward Rob- 
 eson, SONNETS FROM THE TROPHIES OF JOSE-MARIA DE HEREDIA; MOODS AND OTHER 
 VERSES; VISIONS AND OTHER VERSES; INTO THE LIGHT; SELECTED POEMS. Thorpe, 
 Rose Hartwick, poems in various magazines. Voldo, Venier, POEMS FROM THE 
 PACIFIC. Walcott, Josephine, WORLD OF SONG. Webster, J. Vinton, THE HER 
 MIT S HOME. 
 
 Lecture XVI The History Writers of Calif ornia 
 
 Large field. Pioneer and individual histories all of importance. Take broader 
 survey. BANCROFT S HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA, Volume I, gives 4000 titles of books 
 on California History. Chapter II of this volume should be read as Introduction. 
 Bancroft s colossal work. (39 volumes.) Native Races 5. Central America 3. 
 Mexico 6. North American States and Texas 2. Arizona and New Mexico 1. 
 California 7. Nevada, Colorado and Wyoming 1. Utah 1. North-west Coast 2. 
 Oregon 2. Washington, Idaho and Montana 1. British Columbia 1. Alaska 1. 
 California Pastorals 1. California Inter Pocula 1. Popular Tribunals 2. Essays 1. 
 Literary Industries 1. Method of work. Criticisms. Unique. Typical of New 
 West. Monument unequaled of enthusiasm, business skill, common sense, literary 
 power. A lesson to the world. Lesser histories. Accessible and important. 
 DWINELLE S SAN FRANCISCO. Rare. Used in legal cases. TUTHILL S HISTORY OF 
 CALIFORNIA, 1866. GLEESON S- CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CALIFORNIA, two volumes, 1872. 
 HITTELL, T. H., four volumes HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA, 1898. Readable. Useful. 
 Enlargement of earlier works. Royce s CALIFORNIA in the "States" series. Bril 
 liant. Condensed. Argumentative. Charles F. Lummis in OUT WEST. The Right 
 Hand of the Continent. Brilliant. Comprehensive. Illustrated. Lesser Histories 
 and for children. Ella Sexton s STORIES OF CALIFORNIA, 1902. Helen Elliott Ban- 
 dini s HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA, 1908. CALIFORNIA HERO BOOK. County histories. 
 Commercial. Historical introductions. Many useful and helpful. Local Histories. 
 HALL S SAN JOSE, WILLARD S Los ANGELES, and Los ANGELES CHAMBER OF COM 
 MERCE. Types of earlier and later styles. SMYTHE S SAN DIEGO. Two volumes, 
 1908. Personal biographies of pioneers. See Pioneer Literature. Valuable but 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 27 
 
 variable. McGlashan s DONNER PARTY. STORY OF VIRGINIA REED MURPHY. Cen 
 tury articles. Records of Pioneer Societies. Historical Society of Southern Cali 
 fornia. TRANSLATIONS. Special phases of history. Pious Fund. J. T. Doyle. 
 U. S. Government Report of Hague Case. The San Francisco earthquake. Pres 
 ident Jordan s book. Henry Morse Stephen s work. The Missions. Fr. Zephy- 
 rin s FRANCISCANS IN CALIFORNIA. Hudson s CALIFORNIA MISSIONS, 1901. Inter 
 esting and sketchy. Carter s MISSIONS OF NUEVA CALIFORNIA, 1900. Personal vis 
 itations. Bryan J. Clinch s CALIFORNIA AND ITS MISSIONS, two vols., 1904. Lower 
 California. Fullest and clearest. Relationship between the two sections. IN AND 
 OUT OF THE OLD MISSIONS, 1906. George Wharton James. Popular account. De 
 tails of architecture, furniture, silverware, etc. Fr. Zephyrin s 3 volumes MISSION 
 ARIES AND MISSIONS. Latest and best. Franciscan historian. Church standpoint. 
 The benefits to the young of California from a study of its unique history. In 
 spired with spirit of its founders. Work out its great destiny. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XVI. 
 
 Bancroft, Hubert Howe, HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA and COMPLETE WORKS, 39 
 volumes. Bandini, Helen Elliott, HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA. Carter, C. F., MISSIONS 
 OF NUEVA CALIFORNIA. Clinch, Bryan J., CALIFORNIA AND ITS MISSIONS, 2 vol 
 umes. Dwindle, J. W., COLONIAL HISTORY OF SAN FRANCISCO. Doyle, John T., 
 HISTORY OF THE Pious FUND. Gleeson, William, HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH 
 IN CALIFORNIA, 2 volumes. Hittell, T. H., HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA, 4 volumes. 
 Hudson, W. H., THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA. James, George Wharton, 
 IN AND OUT OF THE OLD MISSIONS; CALIFORNIA HERO BOOK. Lummis, Charles F., 
 OUT WEST (series of articles on: The Right Hand of the Continent.) Smythe, 
 Wm. E., HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO, 2 volumes. Tuthill, Franklin, HISTORY OF CALI 
 FORNIA. Willard, Charles Dwight, HISTORY OF Los ANGELES; HISTORY OF Los AN 
 GELES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Zephyrin, Fr., FRANCISCANS IN CALIFORNIA; MIS 
 SIONARIES AND MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA, 3 volumes. Also the histories of the va 
 rious Counties of the State and the proceedings of the Historical Societies. 
 
 Lecture XVII Some California Novelists 
 
 Camp life of pioneers conducive to story telling. They themselves making 
 romance. Short stories in great number. Novels came more slowly. Mark Twain 
 (Samuel Clemens), in early Nevada days laying up material for ROUGHING IT. 
 Joaquin Miller s LIFE AMONG THE MODOCS; FIRST FAMILIES OF THE SIERRAS. Bret 
 Harte s mining camp stories. GABRIEL CONROY. Interesting but irregular. Opens 
 with memories of Donner Lake tragedy. Yount s dream. John F. Swift. ROBERT 
 GREATHOUSE, 1870. Greathouse a pioneer man-slayer. Comstock mines. The 
 Washoe bar. Swindles. Jack Gowdy, the stage driver. Enoch Bloodstone, the 
 treacherous friend. Withergreen, the grasping superintendent. Plot and counter 
 plot. Fairly strong novel. Historic characters. Damned the political career of 
 its author. Chapters published as campaign documents. Swift tried to recall the 
 book. Now scarce. An earlier book, GOING TO JERICHO, 1868. Sketches of travel. 
 Insight and humor. United States Minister to Japan. Died there March 16, 1891. 
 
28 Syllabus of Course of Ledlures on 
 
 James W. Gaily. Born Wheeling, W. Virginia, 1828. Died Watsonville, October 
 5, 1891. BIG JACK SMALL. Pioneer teamster. Josephine Clifford McCrackin. Wife 
 of an army officer. OVERLAND TALES, 1877. ANOTHER JUANITA, 1893. Truth as 
 fiction. Power and vividness. Toby. Flight. Home now in Santa Cruz. Two 
 series of novels by Californians Richard Henry Savage and Archibald Clavering 
 Gunter. Savage a contributor to the old GOLDEN ERA. LITTLE LADY OF LAGUNITAS, 
 a Franco-Californian romance. Interesting. Introduction. Melodrama and verbal 
 fireworks. Popular. Gunter s works similar. Came to San Francisco as a child. 
 Educated there. Successful dramatist. Two NIGHTS IN ROME. Comedies in the 
 East. Then MR. BARNES OF NEW YORK. MR. POTTER OF TEXAS. Climax on every 
 page. Financially successful. Already referred to Ambrose Bierce as writer of 
 short stories and novelist. THE MONK AND THE HANGMAN S DAUGHTER. W. H. 
 Rhodes. CAXTON S BOOK, 1876. Strong stories. Flora Haines Loughead. Writer 
 for magazines. THE MAN WHO WAS GUILTY. Bank cashier. Embezzled. Es 
 caped to Japan. Conscience stricken. Gave himself up. Sentenced to San Quen- 
 tin. Came back to San Francisco and resolutely lived down his crime. A help 
 ful, inspiring book. Well wrought out. THE ABANDONED CLAIM. Invalid father. 
 Mother dead. Two boys and girl. Took up .claim in Coast Range. Good and 
 true descriptions. A beautiful character, Dr. John, introduced. Open air. Ranch 
 life. In 1891 Mrs. Loughead started Gold Dust Series. Monthly short stories. 
 Three only issued. THE MAN FROM NOWHERE; A CROWN OF THORNS; SANTOS S 
 BROTHER. Her latest book, THE BLACK CURTAIN. Great painter; great singer. 
 Both appear to claim same land in Coast Range. Romance of the story. Sus 
 picion of the black curtain. Helen Hunt Jackson. Stirred by wrongs of Indians. 
 CENTURY OF DISHONOR. Effect scarcely noticeable. RAMONA. Made great im 
 pression that is lasting, and still continues. Story told in THROUGH RAMONA S 
 COUNTRY. Emma Frances Dawson, writer of strange short stories. AN ITINERANT 
 HOUSE, 1897. Beatrice Harraden. Meeting in Arizona. El Cajon ranch. Then 
 writing HILDA STRAFFORD. Too true to be romantic. Mrs. Nellie Blessing 
 Eyster. Several books for children, among others, CHINCAPIN CHARLIE; 
 TOM HARDING AND His FRIENDS; A COLONIAL BOY. Kate Douglas 
 Wiggin. Now famous. Once kindergartner in San Francisco. BIRDS 
 CHRISTMAS CAROL; THE STORY OF PATSY; A SUMMER IN A CANYON. Frona 
 Eunice Wait. ZERMAH THE DORADO. Mystic. 11,147 years ago. Imaginative of 
 the San Francisco of that long past age. W. C. Morrow. Writer of strong short 
 stories, leaning towards the horrible, wierd, almost revolting. In 1897 in book 
 form : THE APE, THE IDIOT, AND OTHER PEOPLE. Great success. In 1901, A MAN : 
 His MARK. In 1907, LENTALA, a tale of the South Seas. High mark in fiction. 
 In THE LARK Gelett Burgess showed his originality and power. Developed into 
 a novelist. A LITTLE SISTER OF DESTINY. Suggestive title. Rich California girl. 
 Adventurous and romantic. Aids struggling and worthy men and women to at 
 tain their ambitions. Clever story, cleverly worked out. Several other stories. 
 Mrs. Lu Wheat. Much time in China. THE THIRD DAUGHTER. A story of the 
 sale of Chinese girls. Mrs. Fremont Older. Wife of editor San Francisco Bul 
 letin. THE GIANTS, 1905. Struggle for supremacy in oil. Vivid pictures of early 
 oil in California. Power of wealth. Bribery. Punishment. Margaret Collier 
 Graham. Delicacy of touch. Fine descriptions. STORIES OF THE FooT-HiLLS. 
 Struggle for water in early days. Tragedies. Good character drawing. Com 
 plicity of Enoch Embody. Mary Austin. Power in desert descriptions. Short 
 stories. ISIDRO. Novel of Mission days. SANTA LUCIA; THE BLUE MOON. Alice 
 Prescott Smith. THE LEGATEE. Later purely California work. Story in SUNSET. 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 29 
 
 Marah Ellis Ryan. Successful novelist. Came to California to write FOR THE 
 SOUL OF RAFAEL. Room at San Juan Capistrano. Taylor s fine photographs. 
 INDIAN LOVE LETTERS. Pathetic and strong. Reveals the hopelessness of the In 
 dian s life. Sarah Pratt Carr. THE IRON WAY. Father superintendent of con 
 struction on Central Pacific. Lived among scenes described. Pretty love story. 
 James Hopper. Half-back at Berkeley. Went to Philippines. Stories for Me 
 Clure s. CAYBIGAN. Later story "999." Revelation of convict life. Willis George 
 Emerson. BUELL HAMPTON; THE BUILDERS. Deal with pioneer times. Cattle and 
 mining. THE SMOKY GOD. An imaginative romance. The mystery of the North 
 Pole. The continent of the "within." Ella Sterling Mighels. THE FULL GLORY 
 OF DIANTHA. Mrs. A. S. C. Forbes. MISSION TALES IN THE DAYS OF THE DONS. 
 Edmund Mitchell. An expert novelist in other fields. India, Australia, Paris, etc. 
 IN DESERT KEEPING. True sympathy with the desert, and fidelity in description. 
 Idah Meacham Strobridge. Her stories while of desert are good novels. Virile, 
 strong, powerful. The characters real and personal. THE LOOM OF THE DESERT; 
 IN PURPLE SHADOWS. Mrs. C. D. Daggett. MARIPOSILLA. Adeline Knapp. Short 
 stories. THE WELL IN THE DESERT. Sad death just as fame came. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XVII. 
 
 The complete works of Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and Joaquin Miller. Austin, 
 Mary, ISIDRO, 1905; SANTA LUCIA, 1908; THE BLUE MOON, 1909. Burgess, Gelett, 
 A LITTLE SISTER OF DESTINY, 1906. Carr, Sarah Pratt, THE IRON WAY, 1907. 
 Cheney, Warren, THE WAY OF THE NORTH ; His WIFE, 1907. Daggett, Mrs. C. D., 
 MARIPOSILLA. Dawson, Emma Frances, AN ITINERANT HOUSE, 1897. Eyster, Mrs. 
 Nellie Blessing, CHINCAPIN CHARLEY; TOM HARDING; A COLONIAL BOY, 1889. 
 Emerson, Willis George, BUELL HAMPTON, 1906; THE BUILDERS, 1906; THE SMOKY 
 GOD, 1908. Forbes, Mrs. A. S. C., MISSION TALES IN THE DAYS OF THE DONS. 
 Galley, James W., BIG JACK SMALL. Graham, Margaret Collier, STORIES OF THE 
 FooT-HiLLS, 1895. Harraden, Beatrice, HILDA STAFFORD, 1897. Hopper, James, 
 CAYBIGAN, 1906; "999," 1909. Loughead, Flora Haines, THE MAN WHO WAS 
 GUILTY; THE ABANDONED CLAIM; THE BLACK CURTAIN; THE MAN FROM NO 
 WHERE; A CROWN OF THORNS; SANTOS S BROTHER. Jackson, H. H., A CENTURY 
 OF DISHONOR; RAMONA. Knapp, Adeline, THE WELL IN THE DESERT. McCrackin, 
 Josephine Clifford, OVERLAND TALES, 1877; ANOTHER JUANITA, 1893. Mitchell, 
 Edmund, THE LONE STAR RUSH; ONLY A NIGGER; THE TEMPLE OF DEATH; 
 TOWARDS THE ETERNAL SNOWS ; PLOTTERS OF PARIS ; IN DESERT KEEPING. Morrow, 
 W. C., THE APE, THE IDIOT, AND OTHER PEOPLE, 1897; A MAN: His MARK, 1899; 
 LENTALA, a story of the South Seas, 1909. Mighels, Mrs. Phillip Verrill, THE 
 FULL GLORY OF DIANTHA, 1909. Older, Mrs. Fremont, THE GIANTS, 1905. Ryan, 
 Marah Ellis, FOR THE SOUL OF RAFAEL, 1906; all her earlier novels; INDIAN LOVE 
 LETTERS, 1907. Smith, Alice Prescott, THE LEGATEE, 1903. Rhodes, W. H., 
 CAXTON S BOOK, 1876; THE STRANGE CASE OF SUMMERFIELD, 1907 (reprint.) Stro 
 bridge, Idah Meacham, IN MINER S MIRAGE LAND; THE LOOM OF THE DESERT; 
 IN THE LAND OF PURPLE SHADOWS. Swift, John Franklin, GOING TO JERICHO, 1868 ; 
 ROBERT GREATHOUSE, 1870. Savage, Richard Henry, THE LITTLE LADY OF LA- 
 GUNITAS, 1892. Wheat, Mrs. Lu, THE THIRD DAUGHTER, 1906. Waite, Frona 
 Eunice, YERMAH THE DORADO, 1897. Wiggin, Kate Douglas, A CHRISTMAS CAROL; 
 THE STORY OF PATSY; A SUMMER IN A CANYON. 
 
30 Syllabus of Course of Ledlures on 
 
 Lecture XVIII A Sextet of Women Novelists: Gertrude 
 Atherton, Geraldine Banner, Gwendolyn Overton, 
 Frances Charles, Miriam Michelson, Eleanor Gates 
 
 Gertrude Atherton born in San Francisco. An American novelist of inter 
 national renown. Full of much of the California spirit. Some of it not the best 
 of manifestations. Creator of strong and original types. No idealistic characters 
 with spiritual uplift or inspiration. Men and women of the society world. Morals 
 far from certain. Exemplifications of modern laxity. Early a writer in San Fran 
 cisco and elsewhere. Her first book to arouse great interest was HERMIA SUYDAM. 
 A novel character. Since then Mrs. Atherton has created shadowy personalities 
 as real as Maggie Tulliver, Little Dorrit, or Martin Chuzzlewit. Attempt at 
 psychological explanation of erratic and abnormal conduct. Cryder. Quintard. 
 Compare. Quintard s standard of morality, p. 153. Tragic end. Los CERRITOS. 
 Dialect of native Californian. Carmelita s childhood. Torture at school. A child 
 of nature. Her love of trees, p. 54. Daughter of Joaquin Murietta, the bandit. 
 Error in attributing missions of Alta California to the Jesuits, p. 20. Murietta s 
 marriage to the daughter of the hermit, Alvarado. Carmelita s anger at felling 
 of trees, p. 68. Loss of rancho. Alexander Tremaine. One of several such cre 
 ations by the author. Doubtless drawn from life. Rich, grasping, discontented, 
 dissolute Anglo-Saxons. Castro s fight to retain ranch. Carmelita s eloquence to 
 same end. Castro s love. Geraldine s love for the priest. Carmelita meets Tre 
 maine. Her simple love, p. 187. The denouement, Tremaine s fight with Castro. 
 Carmelita saves Tremaine. Tragic end of Tremaine s wife, Castro and Hawkins. 
 The Litany of the Redwoods. Have given this lengthy analysis to show Mrs. 
 Atherton s earlier work. THE DOOMSWOMAN. Spanish tradition re twins. A 
 WHIRL ASUNDER. Owin Clive. Young Englishman comes to California to marry 
 Mary Gordon. Meets Helena Belmont, a California girl. The whirl asunder fol 
 lows. A few exquisite descriptions of mid-Califoniian scenery. Clive s tragic 
 death. PATIENCE SPARHAWK. Dedication on Individual Will to Paul Bourget. 
 A wonderful creation. Living, real. Pathetic touches in early pages. Romance 
 of Carmel and the owl in tower. Rosita s development. Patience s growth. Loss 
 of ideals. Curse of society. A book that would shock the W.C.T.U. Graphic 
 pictures of Miss Tremont and Miss Beale. Shows society s attitude towards such 
 work. The Gardiner Peeles. Field. Morgan Steele, p. 356. The death of Bev 
 erly. Honora. Patience s imprisonment, trial, preparation for death. Dramatic 
 release. A man s imagination. No equivocation. Frankness. Scorn of others 
 opinions. The daring of the early Californian. AMERICAN WIVES AND ENGLISH 
 HUSBANDS. Reveals intimate knowledge of English life. A little mistaken in 
 some generalizations, as any foreigner of her temperament and training is apt to 
 be. But a fine view of some forms of English life from a California society 
 woman s standpoint. Frank snubbing of San Francisco. Scathing analysis of 
 the society round, p. 259. THE CAUFORNIANS. Helen Belmont again introduced. 
 The miser, Don Roberto Yorba. Magdalena an interesting character, sweet and 
 pure and good. Trennahan the Clive of "A Whirl Asunder." Magdalena a 
 Spanish type altogether unlike Mary Gordon, her English prototype in the ear 
 lier novel. Different ending. A DAUGHTER OF THE VINE. Story originally in 
 ARGONAUT. True to life. Now much enlarged and further away from facts. A 
 daring story. Unconventional theme. Well handled. Dudley Thorpe a living 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 31 
 
 character. Nina Randolph, the unfortunate victim of heredity, p. 140. A terrible 
 picture. The dance in the attic, p. 129. California life of the early forties. Temp 
 tation, p. 183. dough s penetration of her secret. The failure of Nina s and 
 Thorpe s letters to reach their destinations. A girl arrives. Nina marries Clough. 
 Degradation. Thorpe finds her dying. A sad story. Has too many prototypes 
 in actual life. SENATOR NORTH. A political novel. Life in Washington. Doubt 
 less led to the writing of THE CONQUEROR. Hamilton s ideas, p. 330. THE 
 ARISTOCRATS. An Adirondack story. Study of Hamilton added greatly to Mrs. 
 Atherton s fame. A man s brain and hand, with a woman s delicate touch shown 
 all through. Vivid description of storm. Only one other equal description in the 
 language. That also by a Californian. Jack London in THE HousE OF MAPUTA. 
 Her exaltation of Hamilton s statesmanship and defense of his principles. Reveals 
 the aristocrat. Her life a protest against democracy, and democratic ideals. 
 RULERS OF KINGS shows the same strong, masculine handling. A notable piece 
 of fiction. Fessenden Abbott and his father are powerful creations, and Ranata 
 one of her strongest women characters. Alexandra well drawn also. When men 
 deny the creative and executive power of women I hand them this novel. 
 REZANOV. A true historical picture, exquisitely and tenderly drawn. Equal as a 
 novel, throughout, to Bret Harte s poem. Concha Arguello s story was never 
 better told. Will ever awaken the sympathy of humanity. The most ideal char 
 acter Mrs. Atherton has yet drawn. ANCESTORS. The possibility of an English 
 statesman finding a large enough career for himself in the developing California. 
 Higher ideals in this for both men and women than in former stories. Less call 
 upon the melodramatic. Vivid pictures of San Francisco. Graft and its fights 
 for supremacy. The battle against it. The earthquake of 1906. Mrs. Atherton s 
 personal experiences. Altogether a voice heard throughout the English speaking 
 world. An assured position. Books not for children. Not true to life among all 
 types of men and women. As realistic as the French, with more of the open air 
 and frank primitiveness. Great pictures of the times in several different localities. 
 
 Geraldine Bonner. Difference between actual genius and a conscientious 
 workman. Miss Bonner a trained journalist and writer. Steadily improving. Ar 
 gonaut school. HARD PAN, 1900. TOMORROW S TANGLE. Unfortunate title. Too 
 feminine. A strong, rugged story and well worth reading. Men repelled by 
 title. The Mormon emigrant and his two wives excellent and graphic pictures. 
 Life in the mines. Moreau a true type of the impulsive, educated, better class of 
 miner. Fletcher the opposite. Degradation is- consistently worked out. Jake 
 Shackelton as powerful a character as any of Mrs. Atherton s. True pictures of 
 the mines, and San Francisco from a different standpoint than G. A. s. Show 
 the difference temperamentally. Shackelton s love for his lost daughter. Mari- 
 posa a sweet girl. Strong and good. Her rebuke to Essex. Gamaliel Barron 
 a true westerner. The prima donna contented with home role. THE PiONEEjs. 
 Scarcely so vigorous in plot, or as well worked out, though the descriptions are 
 more vivid and striking. Col. James Parrish. His tender spot gets him into 
 trouble with the squatter. June and Rosamund Allen. Parrish and June s father 
 and mother. The tragedy of the Colonel s life. Alice sends for him. Kindness 
 to his enemy s children for their mother s sake. San Francisco in 1870. True 
 pictures. June in love with the wrong man. Barclay s record. The stock ex 
 citement of 1871-72. Parrish goes down. Barclay marries Mercedes. Allen s con 
 temptible trading on Parrish s love. Nevada pictures. June and Rosamund in 
 Virginia City. R. s marriage. Barclay comes back to June. June s weakness. 
 
32 Syllabus of Course of Ledtures on 
 
 She plans to elope with Jerry Barclay. Mercedes s father discovers the plot. 
 Deals with Barclay. Rion comes again. CASTLECOURT DIAMOND CASE. A good, 
 rattling, detective story. RICH MAN S CHILDREN. Frances Charles. Thin paper 
 covered brochure by Fannie A Charles: SIFTINGS FROM POVERTY FLAT. IN THE 
 COUNTRY GOD FORGOT. Strong story of Arizona life. Hate of rich old farmer 
 for his son. Struggle for water in a desert land. Peculiar style. Effective and 
 thralling, though at first somewhat irritating. THE AWAKENING OF THE DUCHESS. 
 A beautiful story, beautifully told of San Francisco. The Duchess is a young 
 mother whose love for her half-forgotten child is awakened by the sweet inno 
 cence and attractiveness of the little one. Roselle as bewitching as Little Lord 
 Fauntleroy. THE SiEGE OF YOUTH. Another San Francisco story. Art develop 
 ment. Two local pictures. Epigrammatic conversations. PARDNER OF BLOSSOM 
 RANGE. Back to Arizona. Pardner is the daughter of Jeddy Blossom, the owner 
 of the range. A naturalistic story of a pioneer Arizona girl who loved her rough 
 old father and rode range with him. Struggles against hard conditions. Raids 
 by Apaches. Brave defences. True pictures of days forever gone. 
 
 Gwendolen Overton. Daughter of an army officer in Arizona. Personal ex 
 periences of great value. Strong literary power. HERITAGE OF UNREST. Stronger 
 pictures and more intimate of the Apaches than in Miss Charles s work. True 
 western flavor. Open, frank, sincere, unapologetic for things as they are. Days 
 of Geronimo never better described. Half-breed Apache girl Cabot s daughter 
 left as ward by her dying father to Lieutenant Landor. Sent East. Ten years 
 later returns to Fort Grant. Landor s dread of Apache blood, p.p. 16 and S3. 
 Tarantula and vinagrone. L. marries her. Apache uprisings, p.p. 68-69. Citizens 
 vs. military. New viewpoints., p. 116 et. seq. Poor Kirby. Military jealousies. 
 Agents delinquencies, p. 175. Picture of Crook, p. 227. Meeting of Crook and 
 Geronimo, p. 297. Felipa s marriage to Cairness. Death. ANNE CARMEL. New 
 scene. Strong character drawing. French Canadians. THE GOLDEN CHAIN. 
 CAPTAINS OF THE WORLD. THE CAPTAIN S DAUGHTER. 
 
 Eleanor Gates. THE BIOGRAPHY OF A PRAIRIE GIRL. Experiences at Stanford 
 * and Berkeley. Inability to enter Literature class. Instant success with her story. 
 Sweet, fragrant, tender, pathetic, strong. Vivid pictures of the stern pioneer life 
 of the North. Death of her father before she was born. Life with three broth 
 ers. Another and somewhat similar story in THE PLOW WOMAN. A story of 
 independence and womanly self-reliance on the Dakota prairie. The crippled 
 father and two sisters. Precarious hold on land of some of the early settlers. 
 CUPID THE Cow PUNCH. A refreshing, humorous character. A real creation. 
 GOOD NIGHT. The pathetic story of a parrot, tenderly told. El Recreo. Arab 
 horses. Married to Richard Walton Tully, the earnest California dramatist. 
 Happy career ahead. 
 
 Miriam Michelson. Nevada life. THE MADIGANS. Simple, natural, uncon 
 ventional. As charming as any of the noted girls of fiction. Different and full 
 of humor. THE BISHOP S CARRIAGE. Strong dramatic situations. ANTHONY OVER 
 MAN. Powerfully written. High ideals, vividly expressed. In this regard leads 
 her accomplished sisters of the pen. Eloquence of inspiration. Life in the Sierras. 
 
 These six novelists have written well and strong. Have given useful pictures 
 of passing epochs to the world with vividness and dramatic power. Books of 
 historic value. They will ever rank high and deservedly so. Demonstrate two 
 propositions: I Women are natural romancers and can become skilled writers; 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 33 
 
 II The West provides novelists and abundant themes of freshness and absorb 
 ing interest. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XVIII. 
 
 Atherton, Gertrude Franklin, WHAT DREAMS MAY COME, 1888; HERMIA SUY- 
 DAM, 1889; Los CERRITOS, 1890; MRS. PENDLETON S FOUR-IN-HAND; THE DOOMS- 
 WOMAN, 1893; BEFORE THE GRINGO CAME, 1894, (rewritten and enlarged and re- 
 published under title THE SPLENDID IDLE FORTIES, 1902) ; A WHIRL ASUNDER, 1895 ; 
 PATIENCE SPARHAVVK AND HER TIMES, 1897; His FORTUNATE GRACE, 1897; AMERI 
 CAN WIVES AND ENGLISH HUSBANDS, 1898; THE CALIFORNIANS, 1898; A DAUGHTER 
 OF THE VINE, 1899; THE VALIANT RUNAWAYS, 1899; SENATOR NORTH, 1900; THE 
 ARISTOCRATS, 1901 ; THE CONQUEROR, 1902 ; A FEW OF HAMILTON S LETTERS, 1903 ; 
 RULERS OF KINGS, 1904; THE BELL IN THE FOG, 1905; THE TRAVELING THIRDS, 
 1905; REZANOV, 1906; ANCESTORS, 1907. Bonner, Geraldine, HARD PAN, 1900; 
 TANGLED TOMORROWS, 1902; THE PIONEER, 1905-6; CASTLECOURT DIAMOND CASE, 
 1906; RICH MAN S CHILDREN, 1906. Charles, Frances, SIFTINGS FROM POVERTY 
 FLAT, 1893; IN THE COUNTRY GOD FORGOT, 1902; THE AWAKENING OF THE DUCH 
 ESS, 1903; THE SIEGE OF YOUTH, 1903; PARDNER OF BLOSSOM RANGE, 1906. Gates, 
 Eleanor, THE BIOGRAPHY OF A PRAIRIE GIRL, 1904; THE PLOW-WOMAN, 1907; 
 CUPID THE Cow PUNCH, 1907; GOOD NIGHT, 1907. Michelson, Miriam, THE MADI- 
 GANS; IN THE BISHOP S CARRIAGE; ANTHONY OVERMAN. Overton, Gwendolen, 
 HERITAGE OF UNREST, 1901; ANNE CARMEL; GOLDEN CHAIN; CAPTAINS OF THE 
 WORLD; THE CAPTAIN S DAUGHTER. 
 
 Lecture XIX The Young Giants. A Trio of California 
 
 Novelists: Frank Norris, Jack London, 
 
 Herman Whitaker 
 
 Age of fiction. Peculiar growth in California. Bret Harte s influence. The 
 environment. Frank Norris. Mother s moulding. Short stories. A DEAL IN 
 WHEAT. Great power. Vivid imagination. Tremendous realism. BLIX. A MAN S 
 WOMAN. Wonderful change from his YVERNELLE, a legend of France in rhymed 
 couplets written at 21. MORAN OF LADY LETTY. Interest in the water front. Wheat 
 vessels. The picturesque in the commonplace. Ross Wilbur. Shanghaied. Cap 
 tain _Kitchell. The Bertha Millner. Gets a prize. Lady Letty. Moran. A purely 
 western, unconventional character. She lives in the eye of the reader. Storm at 
 sea. The Lady Letty and Kitchell go down together. Moran becomes the Girl 
 Captain of the Bertha Millner. Chinese crew. Singular situation. Desertion. 
 Beachcombers and sperm whale. Great find of ambergris. Fight with Chinese 
 and loss of the treasure. Recapture. A change of captains. At Coronado. Back 
 in San Francisco. Moran s tragic end. Here was power; a new note, strong, vig 
 orous, untrammeled by conventional standards. Vivid imagination dealing with 
 new field. McTEAGUE, a story of a dentist in San Francisco. Here massing of 
 facts with microscopic fidelity, as afterwards in larger work. Bold, sketchy draw 
 ing of McTeague, Marcus Schouler and Trina. McTeague awakens. The lottery. 
 
34 Syllabus of Course of Ledtures on 
 
 Hatred between Marcus and McTeague. The latter wins Trina. McTeague pre 
 vented from practicing. Sordid details of life. Trina s avarice. Relieved with 
 story of Old Grannis and Miss Baker. Desertion. Sinking. The end. McTeague s 
 escape. On the desert. The posse. Marcus catches the criminal. The end in 
 Death Valley. Now Norris rises to work. The railway conditions in California; 
 Southern Pacific Company s political bureau. A large outlook upon life. The 
 need for bread. He becomes a voice and writes THE OCTOPUS. Basis of history. 
 Story of Mussel Slough. The tragic end of S. Behrman, p. 642. Descriptions of 
 the San Joaquin wheat fields. Harvesting, etc. This novel reveals him a man 
 of growing power and genius. THE PIT, the second novel in his wheat trilogy. 
 A scathing denunciation of the gambling methods of the wheat pit. The fore 
 runner of universal attacks. Destined to produce great change ultimately in the 
 ungodly methods of making the food necessities of a people the object of rich 
 men s gambling. The dawning of a new day. Norris s prophetic vision. The 
 true democracy. The horrors of the pit. A corner in wheat. The breaking of 
 the corner, and downfall of the king. Jadwin a counterpart of Hutchinson. Nor 
 ris s untimely end. A new figure of power and genius looming up for some time. 
 Jack London. Born in San Francisco. A "cub of the slums." Ages of power 
 concentered in his protoplasm. Poetry. Own story of his struggle. Socialist 
 speaker on streets. Primitive elements. A revelation of possibilities. Goes on 
 tramp. Story afterwards graphically told in THE ROAD. On the Bay. TALES OF 
 THE FISH PATROL. In a whaler. THE SEA WOLF. Studies of social conditions. 
 Becomes a materialist. His views in this book. Goes to Alaska. On his return 
 gives experiences to the world. Writes for OVERLAND MONTHLY. Mrs. Eames. 
 Story in MARTIN EDEN. Leaps into popular favor. The bold brutality compels 
 attention. Strength of Kipling, and equally vivid picturing, though not so delicate 
 a touch. CHILDREN OF THE FROST. Indian studies. As great an insight into Indian 
 heart as Fenimore Cooper, Major Powell, or Lieut. Frank Gushing. The value 
 of these stories never appreciated. The League of the Old Men, one of his best 
 stories. This alone proof of insight of genius, as well as the genius of story-tell 
 ing. His socialism pure and strong. His lectures in New York, etc. Studies in 
 London. PFOPLE OF THE ABYSS. His inscription: "Walk with me here amongst 
 the creatures damned by man, and then wonder not that I sign myself, Yours 
 for the Revolution ! " Not a passive socialist. The fight is on. Suddenly he 
 hurls out the Kempton-Wace Letters. Letters between himself and Anna Strunsky, 
 a typical Russian revolutionist. Here he reveals his evolution theories, especially 
 as applied to sex and the development of the race. Philosophers correspondence, 
 for Anna is his mental equal. Again he thrills the world with THE CALL OF THE 
 WILD. Reversion to type. A philosophical lesson in a wonderful story, written 
 with a purpose. The only story begun and unfinished. London s method of work. 
 Bob, Son of Battle. Determined some day to write of a dog fight. Ideas flowed 
 at last. Written in three weeks. THE FAITH OF MEN. Short stories. THE SEA 
 WOLF. "Find here, in the mouth of the Sea Wolf, much of the philosophy that 
 was mine in my long sickness. It is still mine, though now, that I am happy, 
 I keep it covered over with veils of illusion." The cynical pessimism of harsh 
 materialism. THE GAME. "I d rather be champion of the world than President 
 of the United States." The apotheosis of boxing and athletic power. WAR OF THE 
 CLASSES. A determined propagandist. His socialistic lecture purchased by Cos 
 mopolitan for $500. Never published. Too radical. This book is his statement 
 of socialistic principles. The wise man studies the mental attitude of his enemy. 
 London a teacher of thousands. Where wrong he must be combatted fairly and 
 
California Literature and its Spirit 35 
 
 with mental power. WHITE FANG a most revelative volume. The personal put 
 into the experiences of a half-wild-born wolf-dog. The fight provoked controversy 
 with President Roosevelt. The love-master. Won to the tame. The dog at Glen 
 Ellen. IRON HEEL. A prophecy of the downfall of our commercial and material 
 civilization. MARTIN EDEN, a biographical sketch. BEFORE ADAM. An imaginative 
 story of prehistoric man and his development. The Story of Ab, etc. Charge of 
 plagiarism. The unreason of the charge, and the folly of making it. The voyage on 
 "The Snark." London a power to be reckoned with. Still a most prolific 
 worker. Fertility of imagination equal to that of any of the great writers of the 
 past, and his energy and industry unsurpassed. Ruskin Club of Oakland. Herman / 
 Whitaker. London s interest in him. The club s interest. Help given grocery 
 clerk. Made good. Harper s acceptance of THE PROBATIONER. Strong stories of 
 the Northwest. THE SETTLER showed sustained power and great mental grasp. 
 Pictures of historic importance. Not so imaginative a genius as London s, but 
 graphic descriptive power. THE PLANTER increases his reputation. The Uncle 
 Tom of the Mexican peon and Yaki slave. A true note of humanity. Pictures of 
 Mexican jungles. The eternal fight with sense. An expose of the rubber planta 
 tion swindles. Character drawing of compelling power. In this the equal of 
 Norris. The Yaki story well told, p.p. 269 et. seq. 
 
 All three men have done work that will live. Read by thousands. Untold in 
 fluence. Is it all for good? Responsibility for his work and its influence should 
 be borne in upon the heart of an author. The higher the human motive the bet 
 ter the art, and the truer the result. 
 
 REFERENCES FOR LECTURE XIX. 
 
 London, Jack, SONG OF THE WOLF, 1900; THE GOD OF His FATHERS, 1901; 
 DAUGHTER OF THE SNOWS, 1902 ; CHILDREN OF THE FROST, 1902 ; CRUISE OF THE 
 DAZZLER, 1902; PEOPLE OF THE ABYSS, 1903; KEMPTON-WACE LETTERS, 1903; CALL 
 OF THE WILD, 1903 ; THE FAITH OF MEN, 1904 ; SEA WOLF, 1904 ; THE GAME, 1905 ; 
 TALES OF THE FISH PATROL, 1905; MOON FACE, 1906; WHITE FANG, 1907; BEFORE 
 ADAM, 1907; LOVE OF LIFE, 1907; THE IRON HEEL, 1907; THE ROAD, 1907; MARTIN 
 EDEN, 1908. Norris, Frank, A DEAL IN WHEAT, AND OTHER STORIES, 1903; MORAN 
 OF THE LADY LETTY, 1902; McTEAGuE, 1900; BLIX ; A MAN S WOMAN; THE OC 
 TOPUS, 1903; THE PIT, 1903. Whitaker, Herman, THE PROBATIONER, 1905; THE 
 SETTLER, 1907; THE PLANTER, 1909. 
 
36 Advance Announcement 
 
 California Literature and Its Makers 
 
 During the sixty years of its existence the Golden State has had 
 a wonderfully romantic and varied history.. Prior to its entry into 
 the Sisterhood of the United States of North America it had its 
 epochs of Spanish discovery, missionization by the Franciscan pad 
 res, severance from Spanish rule, government as a province of the 
 Mexican government and early influx of American trappers and col 
 onists. Then came the military invasion of Fremont, Sloat and Kear- 
 ny s Army of the West, its seizure from Mexico, and the establish 
 ment of a State government, while in the turmoil and rush of the 
 greatest gold excitement known to history. It saw its mines add to 
 the gold supply of the world fabulous amounts in a short period of 
 time, and had barely settled down to a recognition of its own life 
 when its structure was again thrilled through and through by the 
 great Comstock excitements of Nevada. It occupied an unique po 
 sition during the Civil War, and developed its transcontinental stage 
 lines and pony expresses to a higher degree of efficiency than had 
 ever before been known. It started an epidemic of railroad building 
 by the completion of its trans-continental railway, and quickened 
 rapid transit in many cities by the development of its cable railways. 
 It has had its heroic epoch the days when cattlemen were its kings 
 and its pomological developments. Its growth in irrigation has been 
 a revelation to the world and its transformed deserts are now the 
 garden spots of Western America. Its oil discoveries have revolu 
 tionized its relation to manufactures, and its scenic and climatic en 
 vironment have aided its growth in every direction. It has devel 
 oped a civilization peculiarly its own and this civilization finds full 
 est enshrinement, with the history of its development, in its litera 
 ture. This is as remarkable as its history, and it was encumbent 
 upon some one to preserve, tabulate and analyze it. Without di 
 minishing in any degree the high credit due to Hubert Howe Ban 
 croft for his work in this direction, I have felt like adding to it. For 
 nearly thirty years I have been collecting and studying it, and gath 
 ering such details of its creators as might prove edifying, entertain 
 ing, and instructive. Slowly a HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA LIT 
 ERATURE AND ITS MAKERS has formulated itself, and its is 
 now my intention to issue, as soon as convenient, three large quarto 
 volumes, of about one thousand pages each, which will give a com- 
 
Advance Announcement 37 
 
 prehensive and analytical survey of the whole field up to the pres 
 ent time. The scope of the work is crudely suggested by the outlines 
 of the lectures I have been giving in California for some time. 
 
 The first volume of this work is in an advanced state of prep 
 aration. Its chapters are somewhat as follows: 
 
 I. The Country. 
 
 II. California s Historic Destiny. 
 
 III. California s Isolation and Its Influence Upon Its Civili 
 zation. 
 
 IV. California s Scenic Environment and Its Influence Upon 
 Literature. 
 
 V. California s Climate and Its Influence upon Literature. 
 
 VI. The Pioneer Basis of its Civilization. 
 
 VII. The Development of the California Spirit. 
 
 VIII. The Breeding Ground of Heroes and Heroines. 
 
 IX. The Literature of the Aborigines, with Many Illustrative 
 readings. 
 
 X. The Literature of the Spanish Discovery. 
 
 XI. The Literature of the Padres and of Mission Days. 
 
 XII. The Literature of the Pioneers Prior to the Military In 
 vasion. 
 
 XIII. The Literature of the Military Invasion. 
 
 XIV. The Literature of the Gold Pioneers. 
 
 These three volumes will not only constitute a History of Cali 
 fornia Literature, but in the truest sense will be a key to California s 
 history, viewed from every standpoint. It will be history at first 
 hand, digested and arranged by an enthusiastic and devoted student. 
 
 Every private, public and school library in California should 
 possess this extensive work, not, perhaps, for reading, but as a work 
 of reference, and students and libraries outside of the State will find 
 it a valuable acquisition. 
 
 Its preparation has been a labor of love to its author, and he has 
 spared neither time nor expense (within his limited means) to make 
 it as complete and comprehensive as its theme is noble and exalted. 
 To meet the expense of its publication, however, it is necessary that 
 a sufficient number of ADVANCE SUBSCRIPTIONS be obtained, 
 
38 Advance Announcement 
 
 and these are confidently solicited. The three volumes will be issued 
 at Fifteen Dollars each, or Thirty Dollars for the set, bound in law 
 calf or cloth; in half morocco Twenty Dollars each, or Fifty-five Dol 
 lars for the set; in full levant, Fifty Dollars a volume, or One Hun 
 dred and Twenty Dollars for the set. 
 
 As it will require another year or more of the author s undivided 
 attention to complete the work, he is compelled to ask his friends and 
 patrons if they will be willing to advance the subscription for the 
 first volume as soon as they are notified that a sufficient number of 
 subscribers have been obtained. 
 
 Correspondence upon the subject is respectfully asked and your 
 subscription earnestly solicited. 
 
 GEORGE WHARTON JAMES. 
 1098 N. Raymond Ave., 
 Pasadena, Calif., 
 
 September 27, 1909. 
 
 Also in Preparation: 
 
 California Literature and Its Makers A Grammar and High 
 
 School Text Book 
 
 All that has been said in the foregoing pages applies to the prep 
 aration of a text book for the higher Grammar Grades, High Schools 
 and Colleges. Why should not the youth of our Golden State be 
 mentally fed upon the literature which recounts in stirring words 
 the brave, heroic, noble and worthy deeds of the founders of the State. 
 There are epics as grand and moving as those of Homer, though less 
 bloody and cruel, and deeds as noble and tender as any chronicled 
 by Tennyson, Longfellow or other masters of epic poetry. This text 
 book will contain several of the Introductory Chapters given in the 
 foregoing outline, and its complete list will be somewhat as follows. 
 Extensive and interesting selections will be made from the various 
 works of poets and prose writers and thus a direct and personal 
 knowledge of the literature of the State will be obtained. 
 
 Introductory. 
 
 I. California s Historic Destiny. 
 
Advance Announcement 39 
 
 II. California s Scenic and Climatic Environment and Their 
 Influence Upon Literature. 
 
 III. The Pioneer Basis of Its Civilization. 
 
 IV. The California Spirit and Its Development. 
 
 V. Heroes and Heroines. 
 
 VI. The Literature of the Aborigines. 
 
 VII. The Literature of the Spanish Discovery. 
 
 VIII. The Literature of the Padres and of Mission Days. 
 
 IX. The Literature of the Pioneers Prior to the Military In 
 vasion. 
 
 X. The Literature of the Military Invasion. 
 
 XI. The Literature of the Gold Pioneers. 
 
 XII. The Literature of the Mining Camps. 
 
 XIII. The Founding of the Overland Monthly. 
 
 XIV. The Poet of the Sierras, Joaquin Miller. 
 
 XV. The Last of the Satirists, Ambrose Bierce and His Friends, 
 George Sterling and Herman Scheffauer. 
 
 XVI. Edward Markham, the Poet of Humanity. 
 
 XVII. The Nature Writers of California. 
 
 XVIII. The Humorists of California. 
 
 XIX. The Earlier Poets of California. 
 
 XX. The History Writers of California. 
 
 XXI. The Dramatic Writers of California. 
 
 XXII. Some Great Editors of California. 
 
 XXIII. The Orators of California. 
 
 XXIV. The Forensic Literature of California. 
 
 XXV. The Scientific Literature of California. 
 
 XXVI. The San Jose Poets. 
 
 XXVII. The Religious Poets of California. 
 
 XXVIII. The Later Poets of California. 
 
 XXIX. The Short Story Writers of California. 
 
 XXX. The Men Novelists of California. 
 
 XXXI. The Women Novelists of California. 
 
 XXXII. California s Place in the Literature of the World. 
 
 This Text Book will contain about 400 pages, large 8vo, and its 
 price will be $2.50 net. Advance subscriptions are earnestly solicited, 
 as well as suggestions from Literature and History teachers who are 
 interested in the subject. 
 
40 Advance Announcement 
 
 Subscription Order 
 
 19 
 
 To GEORGE WHARTON JAMES, 
 
 1098 N. Raymond Ave., Pasadena, Calif. 
 
 I have pleasure herewith in subscribing for volume 
 
 HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA LITERATURE AND ITS MAK 
 ERS, at $ per volume, or $ per set. I agree to 
 
 pay for the first volume in advance as soon as notified that the re 
 quired number of subscribers has been obtained, and for Volumes 
 II and III on delivery. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Please give full shipping directions: 
 

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