CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION^ rb^J^b'' ^GESSARY DURING PROGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN WAR PREPARED BY THE WAR COLLEGE DIVISION, GENERAL STAFF CORPS AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE STATEMENT OF A PROPER MILITARY POLICY FOR THE UNITED STATES WCD 4886-23 ARMY WAR COLLEGE : WASHINGTON NOVEMBER, 1915 806 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFPIOB lUi6 • •• • • • •« • • • • • ^^ri'^^^'fif War Department, Document No. 506. 0^ oJih& Chief of Staff, SYNOPSIS I. Introduction. Page. 1. AuBtria-Hungary 7 Chasseurs 7 Cavalry 8 Field artillery 8 Divisional and corps artillery 8 Engineer troops 8 Communication troops 9 Cavalry ponton trains 9 Aviation corps 9 Aero company 9 Signal troops 9 Mobile automobile repair shop 10 Machine-gun organizations 10 2. France 10 Heavy movable artillery 10 Schneider mobile battery 1 Cavalry 1 3. Germany 1 The 42 centimeter Howitzer battery (Krupp) 1 Depot battalions 1 Aero companies 1 Automobile park 12 4. Great Britain 12 A. General and army headquarters 12 General headquarters (3 echelons) 12 Headquarters of an army (two or more divisions) 12 General headquarters ammunition park .' 12 A printing company 13 B. Army and corps headquarters 13 Headquarters of an army (two or more corps) 13 Headquarters of an army corps (two or more divisions) 13 Army troops supply column (provisional) 13 Corps troops supply column 13 The cavalry corps 14 Cavalry corps troops 14 Machine-gun corps (new oi^;anization, 1915) 14 C. Infantry 14 Headquarters of a division (new armies) 14 Headquarters of an infantry brigade (new armiee) 15 An infantry battaUon (new armies) 15 Divisional ammunition park (new armies) 15 An ammunition subpark for divisions (new armies) 15 Divisional train (new armies) 16 Divisional supply column (new armies).. 16 Cyclist company, divisional mounted troops (new armies), 16 606 (3) 4. Great Britain— Continued. Page. D. Cavalry 16 The cavalry division 16 Headquarters of a cavalry brigade 17 The cavalry brigade 17 The cavalry regiment 17 The cavalry squadron 17 Cavalry squadron (divisional mounted troops) (new armies) 17 Cavalry division signal squadron 18 Remount units , 18 E. Artillery 18 Army artillery brigade headquarters 18 Army artillery ammunition park 18 Headquarters of divisional artillery (new armies) 18 Divisional ammunition column (new armies) 19 Heavy artillery reserve group headquarters 19 Heavy artillery battery and ammunition column (R. G. A.) (60-pounder B. L.) (new armies) 19 Pack artillery brigade ammunition park) 19 A field artillery brigade 19 Field artillery (howitzer) brigade (new armies) 20 Siege artillery brigade (medium) 20 Siege artillery brigade (light) 20 Mountain artillery brigade, R. G. A., and ammunition column. . . 20 Armored motor battery 21 Motor machine-gun battery 21 Antiaircraft gun detachment 21 Workshop for six antiaircraft gun detachments 21 P. Engineers 21 Headquarters of divisional engineers (new armies) 21 Base Royal engineer park 22 Railway company (construction) 22 Field searchlight company 22 Antiaircraft searchlight section 22 A tunnelling company, R. E 22 Bridging train (horsed transport). 22 Bridging train (mechanical transport) 22 A labor company (Mediterranean) 23 Field squadron 23 Pioneer battalion (new armies) 23 An army troops company, R. E 23 A field company (new armies) 23 Railway supply detachment 23 G. Signal service 24 Cavalry corps signal squadron 24 Army headquarters signal company... 24 Army corps headquarters signal company 24 Motor wireless section L 24 Motor air-line section 24 Cable section 24 H. Transport and supply 24 A depot unit of supply 24 A bakery section 25 An auxiliary horse transport company 25 606 4. Great Britain— Continued. Pftge. Inland water transport section 25 An auxiliary mechanical transport company 26 A reserve park (mule transport) 25 A reserve park (new armies) 25 A workshop, A. S. C, for the motor ambulance cars of a division. . 25 I. Medical department 26 A field ambulance (new armies) 26 A motor ambulance convoy 26 A casualty clearing station 26 A general hospital (1,040 beds) 26 An ambulance train 26 J, Veterinary service 27 A veterinary hospital 27 A mobile veterinary section 27 A convalescent horse depot 27 K. Military prisons 27 Military prisons in the field 27 L. Army service corps 27 Dockers' battalian 27 Foragers' battalion. 27 6. Italy 28 Armored motor machine-gun cars 28 Aviation service 28 Sanitary service 28 Transport service 28 6. Japan 28 7. Turkey 28 8. Russia 28 9. Serbia 28 606 CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION FOUND NECESSARY DURING PROGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN WAR. I. INTRODUCTION. It is not to be expected that all of the changes in organization found necessary during the progress of the European war to date can be ascertained, nor that all the details of such changes as are known can be accurately stated. This for the reasons that such matters are not willingly divulged by belligerent nations, and that facilities for obtaining this information differ with the several countries con- cerned. Definite and full information on this subject can not be expected until after the close of the war. Such changes as have been ascertained may be attributed to pri- mary causes as follows : (a) The unusual magnitude of the war and the immense terrain covered, calling for the solution of unusual problems in logistics and the formation of higher units in armies that have been abnor- mally expanded. (b) The first application of the science of aeronautics in any war. (c) The increased use of field artillery and the introduction of armament of larger calibers heretofore not considered mobile or even movable. (d) The increased importance and use of machine guns. (e) The improvement and increased use of mechanical transport. (/) Changes due to faulty organization discovered by countries not well prepared before the war. Even with due allowance made for perhaps greater facilties of information, and incomplete returns from other countries, Great Britain seems to have found more changes necessary than have prob- ably been made in any other country, due, as was to be expected, from too small a standing army in peace, and too much dependence upon raising untrained volunteer armies after war began. 1. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. By decree of the War Office of June 8, 1914, the following changes in organization of troops was to be completed by March 1, 1915 : CHASSEURS. The fourth company of each battalion, formerly converted into a cyclist company, was to be reestablished. (7) 8 CAVALRY. Eegiments of the common army consist of 6 troops of 150 men each. Uhlan regiments, heretofore having only 5 troops, increased to 6 troops each. FIELD ARTILLERY. (a) Brigade headquarters established for the existing 14 brigades of field artillery. Field gun regiments reduced from 5 to 4 bat- teries — the fifth battery transferred to raise other regiments to same strength. (6) A horse artillery division (IJ regiments) of 3 batteries to be organized. (c) Heavy field artillery divisions increased from 2 batteries to 3 batteries. (d) Siege artillery, formerly organized as 6 regiments and 10 separate battalions, of 4 companies each. Two siege artillery brigade headquarters organized. A seventh regimental siege artillery head- quarters organized. One siege artillery regiment increased from 6 to 8 companies. The field artillery has a makeshift organization at present, due to large increase in number of guns per 1,000 rifles, and of so many types and characters. Six guns to 1,000 rifles are now provided, but many are of obsolete pattern. Some regiments now have as many as 12 batteries. Many of their batteries now have only 4 guns. Bat- teries have only 1 caisson per gun. The 4 ammunition trains are to be reduced to 2, and use motor trucks in place of the 2 in rear, i. e., 2-horsed ammunition trains (1 caisson for each gun), and 1 motor-truck train carrying the equivalent of 2 caissons per gun. DIVISIONAL AND CORPS ARTILLERY. Each landwehr infantry division provided with a brigade of field artillery commanded by a major general, and consists of 2 regi- ments — 1 field-gun regiment (4 batteries), and 1 field-howitzer regi- ment (4 batteries). Each battery, 6 pieces. Landwehr divisions have the same strength in artillery as those of the common army, namely, 60 guns, including the corps artillery. ENGINEER TROOPS. (a) Sapper battalions increased from 3 to 4 companies each. (h) A cadre for an experimental sapper battalion established. 506 9 C03IMUNICATI0N TROOPS. (a) A telegraph regiment of 4 battalions of 4 companies formed from peace cadre. (b) An additional regiment of railway troops formed. CAVALRY PONTON TRAINS. Each cavalry troop division provided with a ponton train of four 6-horse vehicles and 36 pioneers for crossing rivers by boat, or bridges of a length of 18 to 50 meters — 18 meters of " riding " bridge, or 50 meters of "walking" bridge. The pioneer section taken from one of the 4 regiments forming the division. A^TATION CORPS. Proposed organization into a brigade of 2 regiments of the 16 companies, with 2 additional companies being organized. Formerly not organized into battalions or higher units. AERO COMPANY. (Four flying machines in service and 4 in reserve.) Captain; field pilots (2 officers and 2 noncommissioned officers) ; observers (3 to 4 officers); 2 noncommissioned officers; 1 photog- rapher; 5 chauffeurs, flying; 12 machinists; 2 property men; 4 workmen; 5 chauffeurs, auto; 50 train soldiers, 20 to 30 guards (attached) ; total, 7 to 8 officers, 39 enlisted. Wireless now installed on flying machines. Current generated by dynamo driven by belt connection with propellers. Sending instru- ment in observer's compartment. Antennae, 3 multiple wires — 2 extended from tip of tail to wing tips and third carried on reel and payed out after rising, with plumb-bob to hold it free from machine. Latest flying machines are armored with steel to protect against rifle and shrapnel bullets when flying at 1,200 meters or higher. Ar- mor covers entire body occupied by crew and motor. SIGNAL TROOPS. Material increase in allotment of signal troops since war began. (a) Field telegraph platoon (4 sections) consists of 5 officers, 135 enlisted, 60 horses, 5 station wagons, and 11 material wagons. (h) Corps telephone platoon (4 sections) consists of 3 officers, 50 enlisted, 20 horses, 9 station wagons, and 9 material wagons. (c) Division telephone platoon (2 sections) consists of 3 officers, 90 enlisted, 23 horses, 5 station wagons, and 5 material wagons. 30669"— No. 506—16 2 10 Infantry companies, artillery batteries, pioneer, and railway com- panies equipped with telephones. Cavalry regiments equipped with telegraph instruments. (d) Assignment to higher units. Telegraph stations. Telephone stations. Visual stations. Telegraph wire. Telephone wire. Superior command Field army Corps Infantry division Cavalry division Mountain brigade Mountain Infantry division. Kilometer a: 80 160 80 Kilometers. 40 To the field army is assigned a special platoon, for repairs, as a reserve, and to handle special equipment. In principle, each subdivision connects up with the next higher command. In practice, when possible, aid is given the next lower command. MOBILE AUTOMOBILE REPAIR SHOP. One or two for each field army. Organization increased by 16 additional enlisted specialists. New features added to equipment of latest type; second dynamo and gasoline engine added, electric lighting apparatus extended, windlass turned by auto motor. MACHINE-GUN ORGANIZATION'S. {a) Infantry. — Each battalion has a platoon of 4 machine guns instead of 2 provided before the war began. In practice, organiza- tions gather in all the machine guns they can. To keep the troops supplied with machine guns in working order, a repair and supply depot is maintained at the advance depot, where guns are issued and repaired, pack saddles and other equipment exchanged or replaced. {h) Cavalry, — Each regiment has a machine-gun platoon of 4 guns, formerly the allowance for a cavalry division of 4 regiments. 2. FRANCE. HEAVY MOVABLE ARTILLERY. Organization not known. Armament: 305-millimeter (12-inch) navy gun, mounted on and fired from specially constructed railroad car. Projectile weighs 848 kilos (767 pounds), with 108 kilos (238 pounds) bursting charge. Six such guns said to have been completed or under construction. 606 11 SCHNEIDER MOBILE BATTERY. Organization not known. Armament: 2 howitzers, caliber 200 millimeters (7.9-inch), each mounted on and fired from a truck carriage, an ammuniton carriage and a carriage for the personnel, with an apparatus for observation (a sort of mast). Together this forms a train of 4 carriages that a locomotive can draw on a normal line. CAVALRY. Cavalry of all kinds, for service as infantry in trenches, is pro- vided with bayonets for their carbines. The lance is still retained for cavalry service proper. Each cavalry division in addition to its 6 regiments, 400 cyclists, and 3 batteries of artillery, has a " light group " of 1,000 dismounted men, intended to accompany the cavalry, usually in automobiles. Each cavalry regiment has a machine-gun section of 2 guns drawn by horses. Each army has from 4 to 6 veterinary hospitals. 3. GERMANY. THE 4 2-CENTIMETER HOWITZER BATTERY (KRUPP), Organization not reported. Armament: 42-centimeter (16.5-inch) howitzer, mounted on car- riages hauled by motor tractors, loaded wagons average 15 tons; motor tractors also 15-ton. Shell weighs 820 kilograms (1,800 pounds). Most effective range 9,400 meters. Used as heavy field artillery. DEPOT BATTALIONS. Originally designed to complete and supply personnel for and replace wastage in 3 regiments; have, since the war began, been ex- panded to maintain 4 to 6 regiments each. AERO COMPANIES. Equipped with 6 flying machines. Officers are observers and pilots. But noncommissioned oflScers are trained as pilots for replacement of casualties. All mechanical transport. 606 12 AUTOMOBILE PARK. (Repair shop — fixed and mobile.) Personnel: 1 captain (taken from the railway regiments), 2 lieu- tenants (1 from the cavalry and 1 from the artillery) and about 400 men (from recruit depots, most of them skilled workmen). Plant (fixed) : Buildings arranged on a rectangle including car- penter, painting and glazing, machine, vulcanizing, blacksmith and oxy-acetylene welding shops; (mobile): inclosed motor trucks, parked, and contain repair shops and appliances which follow the movements of an army. New organization. 4. GREAT BRITAIN. A. General and Army Headquarters. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS (THREE ECHELONS), First eschelon : Personnel : 36 officers, 25 clerks, 91 rank and file ; total, 152. Transport: 8 motor cars, 3 motor vans (for G. S., A. G., Q. M. G., any pay branches). Total vehicles, 11. Second echelon: Personnel : 4 officers, 36 enlisted ; total, 40. Transport: 1 bicycle, 3 motor cars, 1 cart, 1 motor van (P. O. and medical branches) ; total vehicles, 6. Third echelon (Adjutant general's office) : Personnel : 29 officers, 229 clerks, 31 rank and file ; total, 289. Transport: 1 motor car. Organization materially changed. HEADQUARTERS OF AN ARMY (TWO OR MORE DIVISIONS). Personnel: 19 officers, 73 enlisted; total 92. (If at some distance from general headquarters, or on separate lines of communication, an extra G. S. officer added for censorship work.) Transport: 1 bicycle, 6 motor cars (1 for chaplain), 2 motor vans (medical equipment and baggage). New organization connected with general headquarters. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS AMMUNITION PARK,. (One mechanical transport company, A. S. C.) Army service corps personnel : 7 officers, 366 enlisted ; total, 373. Artillery attached personnel: 1 officer, 115 enlisted; total, 116. Grand total, 489. 900 13 Transport: 4 motor cars, 8 motorcycles (3 with side cars), 3 lor- ries (workshop), 3 lorries (store), 125 lorries, 3-ton (4 first-aid, 16 spare, 105 ammunition) ; total vehicles, 143. Capacity of a 3-ton lorry : 225 rounds of 18-pounder, or 120 rounds 4.5-inch, or 80 rounds 4.7-inch, or 90 rounds 60-pounder, or 80,000 small-arms ammunition. New organization. A PRINTING COMPANY. Headquarters, general headquarters section, inspector general of communications section, and army section (1 for each army). Personnel: 1 officer (headquarters), and 1 (for each army), 2 enlisted (headquarters), 17 enlisted (general headquarters section), 5 enlisted (I.-G. C. section), 14 enlisted (each army). Transport: 1 motor car for photographic equipment and 1 lorry, 3-ton, each army section for printing and lithographic equipment. Organization materially changed. B. Army and Corps Headquarters. HEADQUARTERS OF AN ARMY (TWO OR MORE CORPS). Personnel : 31 officers, 106 enlisted ; total, 137. Transport: 8 motor cars, 1 motor lorry (for electric-lighting ap- paratus), 2 motor vans (medical equipment, baggage, etc.); total vehicles, 11. New organization. HEADQUARTERS OF AN ARMY CORPS (TWO OR MORE DIVISIONS). Personnel : 17 officers, 72 enlisted ; total, 89. Transport: 5 motor cars, 1 motor lorry (for electric-lighting ap- paratus), 2 motor vans (medical equipment, baggage, etc.). New organization. Similar to former army headquarters. ARMY TROOPS SUPPLY COLUMN (PROVISIONAL). Personnel : 3 officers, 56 enlisted ; total, 59. Transport: 1 motor car, 1 motorcycle, 5 lorries, 30-hundredweight, 1 lorry (workshop), 1 lorry (store). New organization. CORPS TROOPS SUPPLY COLUMN. Personnel : 5 officers, 68 enlisted ; total, 73. Transport: 2 motor cars, 2 motorcycles, 6 lorries, 3-ton, 2 lorries, 30-hundredweight, 1 lorry (workshop), 1 lorry (store). New organization. 606 u THE CAVALRT CORPS. As originally organized the cavalry of the expeditionary force, ex- clusive of the divisional cavalry, consisted of 1 division of 4 brigades, and 1 brigade (the fifth) in addition. This has been changed to a cavalry corps of 3 divisions of 3 brigades each. The 3-brigade division was found from experience to be a handier and more mobile command unit than the 4-brigade division. CAVALRY CORPS TROOPS. One squadron of cavalry for headquarters duty ; one signal squad- ron for intercommunication; one detachment of military mounted police for provost duty; one detachment, Army Service Corps, for headquarters transport. MACHINE-GUN CORPS (nEW ORGANIZATION, 1915). Three branches: (a) Cavalry of the line; (h) infantry of the line; (c) motor machine-gun service. Cavalry and infantry branches, organized as brigade machine-gun squadrons and companies. Motor machine-gun service, organized as machine-gun batteries of 4 armored cars of 2 guns each. Machine-gun company (16 guns) : 9 officers, 1 warrant officer, 10 staff sergeants and sergeants, 2 artificers, 128 rank and file (2 at- tached) ; total, 150. Company composed of 4 sections of 4 guns each. Personnel : 2 officers, 2 staff sergeants and sergeants, 25 rank and tile. Animals: 9 horses, riding; 43 horses, draft; 4 bicycles. This machine-gun corps is in addition to the machine-gun sections (4 guns) with each infantry battalion and cavalry regiment, making 48 machine guns with each infantry division and cavalry division. This machine-gun corps is said to be similar to the German organization. C. Infantry. HEADQUARTERS OF A DIVISION (nEW ARMIES ). Personnel: 22 officers (1 major general, 2 aids, 6 staff, 7 other personnel, 5 veterinary, and 1 interpreter), 12 clerks, 86 enlisted; total, 120. Transport: 6 motor cars, 1 cart, 4 wagons (cooks, baggage, and supplies), 1 motor lorry for electric lighting apparatus, 6 bicycles. Total vehicles, 12. Change and increase in personnel and transport over regular estab- lishment. 506 15 HEADQUARTERS OF AN INFANTRY BRIGADE (nEW ARMIES). Personnel: 8 officers (1 brigadier general, 2 staff, 3 chaplains, 1 brigade machine-gun officer, 1 signal officer attached), 3 clerks, 22 enlisted; total, 33. Transport: 4 wagons (cooks, baggage, and stores), 2 wagons (in- trenching tools), 7 bicycles. Total vehicles, 6. Change and increase in personnel and transport over regular establishment. AN INFANTRY BATTALION (NEW ARMIES). Personnel: 30 officers (5 headquarters, 1 machine-gun section, 24 company, 6 each), 995 enlisted; total, 1,025. Transport: Headquarters, 9 bicycles for signalers, 4 carts, 7 wagons, limbered, for tools and small-arms ammunition; machine- gun section, 2 wagons for 4 guns, tripods, ammunition, 2 wagons for ammunition, and 4 ammunition pack saddles for lead horses ; 4 com- panies, 8 pack mules for ammunition (2 per company), 4 traveling kitchens, 6 wagons for baggage, stores, etc. Total vehicles, 28. Change and increase in personnel and transports mainly due to increase in machine guns from 2 to 4 per section. DIVISIONAL AMMUNITION PARK (NEW ARMIES). One mechanical transport company, A. S. C. Personnel : 6 officers, 364 enlisted ; total A. S. C, 370. Artillery attached, 1 officer, 77 enlisted; total, 78. Grand total, 7 officers, 435 enlisted; total, 448. Transport: 5 motor cars, 9 motorcycles, 4 workshop lorries, 4 store lorries. Lorries, 3-ton : 17 for stores, spares, first-aid and reliefs, 32 for 18-pounder, 12 for 4.5-inch, 3 for 60-pounder, 20 for S. A. A. Divisible into 4 sections. Change and increase in personnel and mechanical transport. AN AMMUNITION SUBPARK FOR DIVISIONS (NEW ARMIES). One mechanical transport company, A. S. C. Personnel : 4 officers, 164 enlisted ; total, 168. Artillery attached, 37 enlisted. Grand total, 205. Transport: 3 motor cars, 6 motorcycles, 1 workshop lorry, 1 store lorry. Lorries, 3-ton: 10 for first-aid, artillery and engineer stores, spares for reliefs, 1 for 13-pounder, 16 for 18-pounder, 4 for 4.5-inch and 11 for S. A. A. Divisible into 2 sections. Capacity : 280 rounds 13-pounder, 3,600 rounds 18-pounder, 480 rounds 4.5-inch howitzer, and 840,000 rounds S. A. A. New organization. 606 16 DIVISIONAL TRAIN (NEW ARMIES), Four-horse transport companies, A. S. C. Organization: Headquarters, headquarters company, and 3 other companies. Personnel : 25 officers, 482 enlisted ; total, 507. Transport: For headquarters and headquarters company, 31 bi- cycles, 5 carts, 23 wagons, and 4 motor cars. Total vehicles, 64. Baggage section : 98 wagons (for attachment to the several units of the division as baggage train). Supply section: 83 wagons (for attachment to the several units of the division as supply train). Total vehicles, 245. For each infantry battalion allotted to this division, 6 G. S. wagons additional. Modification of regular establishment organization. Increased personnel. DIVISIONAL SUPPLY COLUMN (NEW ARMIES), One mechanical transport company, A. S. C. Personnel : 5 officers, 312 enlisted ; total, 317. Transport: 2 motor cars, 7 motorcycles, 45 lorries (3-ton), 14 lorries (30-hundredweight), 2 workshop lorries, 2 store lorries. Modification of regular establishment organization. Increased personnel and change in transport. CYCLIST COMPANY, DIVISIONAL MOUNTED TROOPS (NEW ARMIES). Personnel : 8 officers, 196 enlisted ; total, 204. Transport: 202 bicycles, 1 cart, 1 wagon (ammunition), 2 wagons (baggage and supplies). Total vehicles, 4. New organization. D. Cavalry. THE CAVALRY DIVISION. The proportion of officers to men in the cavalry is 1 to 22 ; in the infantry it is 1 to 33.5. Cavalry field ambulances reduced from 4 to 3. The guns of the first line transport, horse artillery brigade ammu- nition columns, have been assigned to the brigades; one battery, reduced from 6 to 4 guns and changed from 13-pounders to 18- pounders, is assigned to each brigade. The cavalry ammunition parks (M. T.) and the cavalry supply ijolumns (M. T.), formerly units of the lines of communication, have been transferred to the field troops. 606 17 Mobile veterinary sections, one to each brigade or 3 to the division, have been added to the cavalry division troops. HEADQUARTERS OF A CAVALHY BRIGADE. (With cavalry division.) Personnel: 1 brigadier general, 1 aid, 2 staff, 1 brigade machine- gun officer, and 4 others ; total, 8 ; enlisted, 45 ; grand total, 53. Transport: 1 motor car, 7 bicycles, 3 wagons; total vehicles, 11. Principal change: Increase in commissioned personnel (machine- gun officer and 1 other) and enlisted (from 41 to 45). THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. Headquarters; 3 cavalry regiments; 1 battery, horse artillery; 1 signal troop. THE CAVALRY REGIMENT. Headquarters, machine-gun section, 4 guns, and 3 squadrons. Personnel : 26 officers, 551 enlisted ; total, 577. Horses: 534 riding, 89 draft, 6 pack; total, 629. Transport : Headquarters, 3 bicycles, 3 carts, 2 wagons (cooks and baggage). Machine-gun section, 8 wagons (for materiel, ammuni- tion, and 12 pack saddles for use with lead horses). Squadrons (3), 9 wagons (1 each squadron for ammunition, tools, and baggage), 12 bicycles (4 per squadron), for intercommunication. Total ve- hicles, 37. Principal changes: Increase in personnel (28), machine guns (from 2 to 4), and transport vehicles (from 33 to 37). As in the infantry battalion, the machine guns with the regiment have been doubled— 4 instead of 2 guns. THE CAVALRY SQUADRON. Two trumpeters replaced by privates. Interpreters provided. Trumpet signals are not used in the field. CAVALRY SQUADRON (DIVISIONAL MOUNTED TROOPS) (NEW ARMIES). Personnel : 6 officers, 152 enlisted ; total, 158. Horses: 148 riding, 11 draft, 2 pack. Transport: 1 cart, 9 wagons; total vehicles, 10 (3 wagons and 6 horses, heavy draft, provided by Army Service Corps). New organization. 606 18 CAVALRY DIVISION SIGNAL SQUADRON, Personnel : 3 officers, 42 enlisted ; total, 45. Transport : 2 motor cars, 1 wagon. Total vehicles 3, bicycles 14, motorcycles 12. Horses : 15 riding, 6 draft. New organization. REMOUNT UNITS. (a) A headquarters : Personnel : 5 officers, 16 enlisted ; total, 21. (b) A remount squadron: Personnel: 4 officers, 197 enlisted (including 40 privates, rough- riders) ; total, 201. Transport: Headquarters, 1 wagon; squadron, 2 wagons; total ve- hicles, 3. New organization. E. Artillery. ARMY ARTILLERY BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS. (Horse and tractor drawn.) Personnel : 5 officers, 29 enlisted ; total, 34. Transport: 1 bicycle, 2 carts, 1 wagon (telephone), 1 wagon (bag- gage) ; total vehicles, 4. New organization. ARMY ARTILLERY AMMUNITION PARK. (4.7-inch or 60-pounder gun ammunition, or both.) One mechanical transport company. Army Service Corps. 1. Army service corps details. Personnel : 4 officers, 140 enlisted ; total, 144. Artillery personnel attached : 1 officer, 32 enlisted ; total, 33. Grand total, 5 officers, 172 enlisted ; total, 177. Transport: 3 motor cars, 6 motorcycles, 1 workshop lorry, 1 store lorry, 34 lorries, 3-ton (26 for ammunition). Capacity 3-ton lorry : 80 rounds 4.7-inch or 90 rounds 60-pounder. New organization. HEADQUARTERS OF DIVISIONAL ARTILLERY (NEW ARMIES). Personnel : 4 officers, 21 enlisted ; total, 25. Transport: 1 motor car, 3 bicycles, 2 wagons (baggage and sup- plies). Total vehicles, 4. Change: Increase in personnel and transport over regular estab- lishment. 606 19 DIVISIONAL AMMUNITION COLUMN (nEW ARMIES). Personnel: (Headquarters and 3 sections), 12 officers, 537 enlisted; total, 549. Transport: 5 bicycles, 3 carts, 57 wagons (18-pounder), 12 wagons (4.5-inch howitzer), 24 wagons (small arms), 12 wagons (store, l^aggage, and supplies) ; total vehicles, 104. New organization. HEAVY ARTILLERY RESERVE GROUP HEADQUARTERS. Personnel : 4 officers, 26 enlisted ; total, 30. Transport: 2 motor cars, 3 motorcycles, 1 lorry (30-hundred- weight) ; total, vehicles, 6. New organization. HEAVY ARTILLERY BATTERY AND AMMUNITION COLUMN (R. Q. A.) (60- POUNDERB. L.) (NEW ARMIES). Personnel : 6 officers, 199 enlisted ; total, 205. Transport : 4 gun carriages, 1 bicycle, 1 cart, 12 wagons with lim- bers (ammunition), 4 wagons (ammunition), 7 wagons (stores, bag- gage, etc.) ; total vehicles, 26. New organization. PACK ARTILLERY BRIGADE AMMUNITION PARK. One mechanical transport company. Army Service Corps. 1. Army service corps details. Personnel : 1 officer, 90 enlisted ; total, 91. Artillery attached : 1 officer, 10 enlisted. Grand total : 2 officers, 101 enlisted ; total, 103. Transport: 1 motor car, 3 motorcycles, 19 lorries (3-ton), 1 lorry (workshop), 1 lorry (store) ; total vehicles, 25. New organization. A FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE. (Four batteries, each four 18-pounder Q. F. guns.) Headquarters, 4 batteries and ammunition column. Personnel : 26 officers, 732 enlisted; total, 758. Transport: 16 gun carriages, 6 bicycles, 11 carts, 48 wagons with limbers (ammunition), 12 wagons (small-arms ammunition), 19 wagons (stores, baggage, etc.) ; total vehicles, 98. ^i«> 1 Changed from 3 batteries of 6 guns to 4 batteries of 4 guns each. 506 20 FIELD ARTILLERY (HOWITZER) BRIGADE (NEW ARMIES), Four batteries and ammunition column. (Q. F. 4.5-inch howitzer equipment.) Personnel : 23 officers, 688 enlisted ; total, 711. Transport: 16 carriages, howitzer, with limbers, 6 bicycles, 11 carts, 48 wagons with limbers (ammunition), 16 wagons (stores, bag- gage, etc.) ; total vehicles, 83. Changed from 3 batteries of 6 howitzers to 4 batteries of 4 howitz- ers each. SIEGE ARTILLERY BRIGADE (MEDIUM). With mechanical transport. Headquarters and two batteries, R. G. A. Each armed with four 9.2-inch B. L. howitzers. Personnel: 23 officers, 768 enlisted; total, 791. Transport: 7 motor cars, 31 motorcycles, 76 lorries (3-ton), 2 lor- ries, 30-hundredweight, 10 " Holt " tractors ; total vehicles, 126. Changed from 4 batteries each of four 6-inch howitzers. SIEGE ARTILLERY BRIGADE (MEDIUM). With mechanical transport. Headquarters and 2 batteries, R. G. A., each armed with four 8-inch B. L. howitzers. Personnel : 23 officers, 651 enlisted ; total, 674. Transport: 7 motor cars, 25 motorcycles, 45 lorries, 3 ton, 1 lorry (30-hundredweight), 10 "Holt" tractors; total vehicles, 88. Changed from 4 batteries each of four 6-inch howitzers. SIEGE ARTILLERY BRIGADE (LIGHT). Headquarters, 2 or 3 batteries, each with four 6-inch howitzers, and ammunition column, R. G. A. Personnel: 19 officers, 535 enlisted; total, 554. (For 2 batteries.) Transport: 8 carriages with limbers, 9 carts, 20 wagons for am- munition and technical stores, 26 petrol lorries, 2 motor cars, 4 motorcycles, 5 wagons (baggage and stores) ; total vehicles, 69. Changed from 4 batteries each of four 6-inch howitzers. MOUNTAIN ARTILLERY BRIGADE, R. G. A., AND AMMUNITION COLUMN. Headquarters, 3 batteries each of six 2.75 B. L. guns, and am- munition column. Personnel: 23 officers, 997 enlisted; total, 1,020. Animals: 62 horses, riding; 83 horses, draft; 20 horses, draft, heavy; 490 pack mules. 606 21 Transport: 5 bicycles, 5 carts, 12 wagons (ammunition, technical stores), 9 wagons (baggage and stores) ; total vehicles, 31. New organization. ARMORED MOTOR BATTERY. (Four armored cars, each with 2 machine guns.) Personnel : 4 officers, 56 enlisted ; total, 60. Transport: 4 armored cars, 2 motor cars (baggage and supplies), 1 lorry, 30-hundredweight (ammunition) ; 1 lorry, 3-ton (workshop and store) ; 19 motorcycles, 1 motor car; total vehicles, 28. New organization. jiotor machine-gun battery. (Six machine guns.) Personnel : 4 officers, 55 enlisted ; total, 59. Transport: 4 motorcycles (officers), 5 motorcycles (scouts), 18 motorcycles with side cars (6 for guns, 12 for men and ammunition), 3 motor cars (with box bodies) for spare men and ammunition, 2 motor cars (with box bodies) for baggage and supplies; total ve- hicles, 32. New organization. ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN DETACHMENT. (Two 13-pounder Q. F. guns.) i Personnel : 2 officers, 41 enlisted ; total, 43. Transport: 2 motor cars for guns, 4 lorries (30-hundredweight) for ammunition, 1 motor vehicle for personnel, 1 motor car, 1 motor- cycle. Total vehicles, 9. New organization. WORKSHOP rOR SIX ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN DETACHMENT. (13-pounder Q. F. guns. Capable of division into two sections.) Personnel : 2 officers, 43 enlisted ; total, 45. Transport: 2 motor cars, 5 motorcycles, 2 lorries (workshop), 2 lorries (store), 2 lorries (30-hundredweight) for personnel and first aid. Total vehicles, 13. »,;iiA^ci^ ^ ,., ^ jh ^.;:^u \ New organization. F. Engineers. HEADQUARTERS OF DIVISIONAL ENGINEERS (nEW ARMIES ). Personnel : 3 officers, 1 clerk, 9 enlisted ; total, 13. Transport : 1 bicycle, 1 cart, 2 wagons. Organization similar to that of regular service. 000 22 BASE ROYAL ENGINEER PARK. Personnel: 9 officers, 241 enlisted; total, 250. New organization. RAILWAY COMPANY (CONSTRUCTION). Personnel : 6 officers, 249 enlisted ; total, 255. Transport: 2 motorcycles, 2 motor lorries. Principal change in transport : From horse to motor. FIELD SEARCHLIGHT COMPANY. Personnel : 4 officers, 88 enlisted ; total, 92. Transport: 5 power lorries, 4 30-hundredweight lorries, 1 motor car, 6 limbers. New organization. ANTIAIRCRAfT SEARCHLIGHT SECTION. Personnel : 1 officer, 22 enlisted ; total, 23. Transport: 1 30-hundredweight lorry. New organization. A TUNNELING COMPANY, R. B. (Headquarters and 4 sections, each 3 reliefs.) Personnel : 14 officers, 325 enlisted ; total, 339. Transport: 6 bicycles, 13 motorcycles, 3 lorries (3-ton) for stores, tools, and baggage, 1 lorry (30-hundredweight), 1 box car (15- hundredweight), 1 water cart, 4 wagons, G. S. (train) for supplies; total vehicles, 29. New organization. BRIDGING TRAIN (hORSED TRANSPORT). Personnel: 8 officers, 193 enlisted (mounted) and 36 (dismounted) ; total, 237. Transport: 1 bicycle, 3 carts, 55 wagons (equipment), 2 wagons (supplies) ; total vehicles, 59. Slight change in personnel and vehicles. BRIDGING TRAIN (MECHANICAL TRANSPORT). Personnel : 6 officers, 175 enlisted ; total, 181. Transport : 4 motor cars, 6 motorcycles, 50 wagons (convertible for horse or mechanical transport), 32 lorries (quadruple drive); total vehicles^ 86. New organization. 606 23 A LABOR COMPANY (MEDITERRANEAN). Personnel : 2 officers, 258 enlisted ; total, 260. Transport : 1 water cart, 2 wagons, G. S., for tools, baggage, and supplies. New organization. Officers, Royal Engineers. FIELD SQUADRON. Headquarters and 4 troops. Personnel : 7 officers, 186 enlisted ; total, 193. Transport: Headquarters, 2 carts, 8 wagons (6 for bridge mate- rial) ; total, 10 vehicles. For 4 troops : 8 carts, 8 wagons ; total vehicles, 16 ; grand total, 26 ; vehicles. Changes in personnel and equipment. PIONEER BATTALION (NEW ARMIES). Headquarters, machine-gun section, 4 guns and 4 companies. Personnel : 30 officers, 1,008 enlisted ; total, 1,038. Horses : 12 riding, 60 draft, 9 draft, heavy, 98 pack mules. Transport: 9 bicycles for signalers, 4 carts, 26 wagons; total ve- hicles, 32. New organization. Personnel : 3 officers, 146 enlisted ; total, 149. Transport : 3 motorcycles with side cars, 10 bicycles, 4 carts, tool, 5 wagons, 2 lorries, 3-ton ; total vehicles, 23. New organization. A FIELD COMPANY (NEW ARMIES). Headquarters and 4 sections. Personnel: 6 officers, 223 enlisted (54 mounted, 169 dismounted). Transport: 33 bicycles, 9 carts (water and tool), 19 wagons (searchlights, pontoons, trestles, technical stores, and baggage) ; total vehicles, 52. New organization. RAILWAY SUPPLY DETACHMENT, Personnel : 3 officers, 18 enlisted ; total, 21, New organization. 506 24 ' '' ' ' G. Signal Service. CAVALRY CX)RP8 SIGNAL SQUADRON. Headquarters and 2 troops. Personnel : 10 officers, 184 enlisted ; total, 194. Transport: 4 wagons, 3 lorries, 7 motor cars; total, 14 vehicles. New organization: 2 troops instead of 4, as per normal signal squadron. ARMY HEADQUARTERS SIGNAL COMPANY. Personnel : 7 officers, 142 enlisted ; total, 149. Transport: 7 loi^ies (1-ton, 30-hundredweight, and 3-ton); 3 motor cars; total vehicles, 10. Principal change, increase in personnel and all motor transport. ARMY CORPS HEADQUARTERS SIGNAL COMPANY. Personnel : 5 officers, 73 enlisted ; total, 78. Transport: 4 lorries (1-ton and 3-ton), 2 motor cars; total ve- hicles, 6. New organization. MOTOR WIRELESS SECTION. Personnel : 1 officer, 27 enlisted ; total, 28. Transport: 2 wagons, motor wireless, 2 lorries, 30-hundredweight; total vehicles, 4. New organization. MOTOR AIR-LINE SECTION. Personnel: 1 officer, 50 enlisted; total, 51. Transport: 5 lorries (3-ton and 30-hundredweight), 1 motor car (light) ; total vehicles, 6. New organization. CABLE SECTION. Personnel : 1 officer, 35 enlisted ; total, 36. Transport : 2 wagons, cable, 2 limbered ; total vehicles, 4, New organization. H. Transport and Supply. A DEPOT UNIT OF SUPPLY. Personnel : 1 officer, 13 enlisted ; total, 14. New organization. 506 25 A BAKERY SECTION, Personnel : 2 sergeants, 2 corporals, 11 privates ; total, 15. New organization. AN AUXILIARY HORSE TRANSPORT COMPANY. (Two-horsed wagons. Three sections, each of 20 wagons.) Personnel: 5 officers, 125 enlisted; total, 130. Lines of communication transport. New organization. INLAND WATER TRANSPORT SECTION. Personnel: 18 officers, 327 enlisted; total, 345. Transport: 1 motor car, 16 motor bicycles. New organization. AN AUXILIARY MECHANICAL TRANSPORT COMPANY (STEAM LOItRIES). Line of communications. Headquarters and 3 sections, A.S.C. Personnel: 5 officers, 143 enlisted; total, 148. Transport: 1 motor car, 1 motorcycle, 46 lorries, 3-ton steam (15 to each section), 1 lorry (workshop), 1 lorry (store). New organization. A RESERVE PARK (MULE TRANSPORT). One horse transport company, A.S.C. Personnel : 9 officers, 500 enlisted ; total, 509. Transport: 3 carts, 8 wagons (organization), 144 wagons (sup- plies) ; total vehicles, 155. Draft mules, 673. Personnel increased. Animals changed from horses to mules. A RESERVE PARK (NEW ARMIES). (Two-horsed wagons.) Similar to regular establishment. Enlisted personnel decreased by 2. A WORKSHOP, A. 8. C, FOR THE MOTOR AMBULANCE CARS OP A DIVISION. Personnel : 1 officer, 20 enlisted ; total, 21. Transport: 2 lorries (3-ton) (workshop and stores), 1 lorry (30- hundred weight) for stores and personnel, 1 motor car for personnel; total vehicles, 4. New organization. 26 I. Medical Department. A FIELD AMBULANCE (NEW ARMIES), (Accommodating 150 patients.) (Seven motor ambulance cars and three horsed ambulance wagons.) Personnel (3 sections) : 10 officers, 238 enlisted; total, 248. Transport: 1 bicycle, 4 carts, 3 wagons (cooks and medical stores), 3 wagons (ambulance), 6 wagons (medical stores and baggage), 7 motor cars (ambulance), 4 wagons (train) ; total vehicles, 25. New organization. A MOTOR AMBULANCE CONVOY. (Fifty motor ambulance cars.) Personnel (3 sections) : 8 officers, 157 enlisted; total, 165. Transport: 50 motor ambulances, 4 motor cars, 7 motorcycles, 1 lorry (30-hundredweight), 1 lorry (workshop), 2 lorries (store); total vehicles, 65. New organization. A CASUALTY CLEARING STATION. (Two hundred sick.) Personnel: 11 officers (including 3 chaplains), 87 enlisted; total, 98. Transport: 3 lorries (3-ton), 3 bicycles (for chaplains). New organization. A GENERAL HOSPITAL (1,040 BEDS). (Including 40 beds for officers.) Personnel: 35 officers (including 3 chaplains attached), 206 en- listed; total, 241. Transport : Furnished, as required, by the inspector general of com- munications. New organization: Capacity doubled. AN AMBULANCE TRAIN. (For rail transport of 396 bed patients.) Personnel : 3 officers, 3 nursing sisters, 47 enlisted ; total, 53, Organization personnel increased. 6oe 27 J. Veterinary Serrice. A VETERINARY HOSPITAL. (For 1,000 sick horses.) Personnel : 10 officers, 389 enlisted ; total, 399. Transport : 7 carts, 2 wagons, 1 lorry (30-huiidredweight) ; total vehicles, 10. New organization. A MOBILE VETERINART SECTION. Personnel : 1 officer, 27 enlisted ; total, 28. Transport : 3 wagons. New organization for service with divisions. A CX>NVALE8CENT-H0RSE DEPOT, (For 1,200 horses.) Personnel: 3 officers, 128 enlisted; total, 131. Transport: 1 cart, 1 ambulance (horse), 5 wagons. Total ve- hicles, 7. |,vj,5 ,/ New organization. K. Military Prisons. MILITARY PRISONS IN THE FIELD. (Military prison, each 500 prisoners.) Headquarters personnel : 1 officer, 2 enlisted ; total, 8. Military prison personnel : 1 officer, 28 enlisted ; total, 29. Change in organization and increase in personneL L. Army Service Corps. BATTALION. A new organization of stevedores given a military status for better control. Enlisted personnel organized with a proportion ranking as staff sergeants, sergeants, and corporals. foragers' BATTALION. A new organization of forage supply service given a military status for better control. Enlisted personnel must be men over 41, or phys- ically unfit for fighting, or boys between 15 and 17; a proportion ranlring as staff sergeants, sergeants, and corporals. 506 28 5. ITALY. ARMORED MOTOR MACHINE-GUN CARS. Each 3 guns of the Maxim type. Cars are provided with under- mountable tires. About 120-130 on hand. Organization not known. AVIATION SERVICE Has all mechanical transport. SANITART SERVICE. Besides the usual ambulance cars, motor ambulance cars have been provided. Each carries, besides a doctor and a nurse, 6 patients lying and 4 sitting, or 12 sitting. TRANSPORT SERVICE. Mechanical transport, in addition to animal -drawn carts and wagons, has been adopted. To these motor vehicles are attached trailers, either of the mechanical traction type, or the usual four- wheel, animal-drawn type of cart. 6. JAPAN. No changes in organization known. 7. TURKEY. No changes in organization known. 8. RUSSIA. No changes in organization known. 9. SERBIA. No changes in organization known. 606 o ^;^M^iMmMim>k^m^^miM'^f:M^m>immmm^M:* THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. ^►;f' 2 ^ m : j APR 211923 ^ ^ fflif ** 'wi Noviataifgf r-(\ . ,^ ^wvn-fj <^^ n'-C 11 ^93? UCV ♦ ' LD 21-95j/t-7,'37 667363 JA } ,-■- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY