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THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
^i^i.^I^l—I — 1 
 
€l)e aiU)itncr jHcmonal iHcettng. 
 
 A REPORT 
 
 OF THAT SESSION OF 
 
 THE FIRST AMERICAN CONGRESS OF 
 PHILOLOGISTS, 
 
 WHICH WAS DEVOTKD TO THE MEMORY OF 
 THE LATE PROFESSOR 
 
 AVILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY, 
 
 ©f gale 5Snibcvsitg ; 
 Held at Philadelphia, Dec. 28, 1894. 
 
 EDITED FOR THE JOINT COMMITTEES OF PUBLICATION, 
 By CHARLES R. LANMAN. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE CONGRESS. 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY. 
 
 1897. 
 
SEnibrrsitg IDrrss : 
 John Wilson and Son, Cami;riuge, U.S.A. 
 
 G(jot<i 
 

 Committee of |3iibltcat{on of Hje ^mcricnn (Pn'cntal Societg ; 
 
 C. R. Lanmax, Vorresjjondmy iiecrttary. 
 
 M. Bloomfield. 
 
 I. H. Hall. 
 
 Paul Haupt. 
 
 E. W. Hopkins. 
 
 G. F. MoouE. 
 
 Committee of Pufelfeation for t|}e American i^I)floIogfcal ^Issoctation ; 
 
 Herbert Weir Smyth, Secretary. 
 B. L. Gildersleeve. 
 JoHX H. Wright. 
 
 Committee of Piifilicatton for tfje f^lotiern language Issociatton 
 of ^mcri'ea : 
 
 James W. Bright, Secretary. 
 A. M. Elliott. 
 Henry A. Todd. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Portrait of Professor Whitxey Frontispiece 
 
 Prefatory Sketch of the History and Character of the 
 
 First American Congress of Philologists and of the page 
 
 Whitney^ Memorial Meeting 1 
 
 The Reading from the Letters of Foreign Scholars con- 
 cerning Professor Whitney (See Appetidix /.).... 6 
 
 Memorial Address, by Professor Lanman 7 
 
 Whitney's Influence on the Study of Modern Languages 
 
 AND ON Lexicography, by Professor March .... 29 
 Whitney's Lnfluence on Classical Philologists, by Pro- 
 fessor Perrin 37 
 
 Whitney's Personality, by Professor jNIanatt 43 
 
 Address, by Dr. William Hay'es Ward 47 
 
 Concluding Address, by President Gilman 57 
 
 Appendix L: Original Text of the Letters from Foreign 
 
 Scholars concerning Professor Whitney G7 
 
 1. A.'scoli, of Milan ; 2. Earth, of Paris ; 3. von Boehtlingk, of Leipsic ; 
 4. von Bradke, of Giessen ; 5. B real, of Paris; 6. Brugmann, of Leip.'sic ; 
 7. Buehler, of "Vienna; 8. Cowell, of Cambridge; 9. Delbrueck, of Jena; 
 10. Garbe, of Kiinig-sberg ; 11. Henrv, of Paris; 12. Hillebrandt, of Bres- 
 lau ; 13. Jollv, of Wiirzburg; 14. Kern, of Leiden ; 15. Leskien, of Leipsic; 
 16. Liulwig, of Prague; 17. Priedrich Miiller, of Vienna; 18. Oldenberg, 
 of Kiel; 19. Pischel, of Halle; 20. Rost, of London; 21. von Both, of 
 Tubingen; 22. Senart, of Paris; 23. AVindisch, of Leipsic. 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 PAOE 
 
 AlTENDIX II.: DkTAII.KD PltOtatAM OK TIIK ExEHCISES OF TUE 
 
 Joint and of the Special Sessions ok the Fiust Amkk- 
 
 ican coxgiless of philologists 107 
 
 Ari'ENUix 111.: Chronological UiBLioGUAi'HY ui Tin: Whitings 
 
 OF Pkofessok William Dwigiit AVhitney r21 
 
 Appendix IV. : List of someBiogkaphical, Neckological, and 
 
 OTiiEK Publications concehnin(; Pkofessok Whitney . 151 
 Appendix X. : Titles of several Books concerning the 
 
 Pamily and Kindred of Professor Whitney .... 155 
 
PREFATORY SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HISTORY AND CHARACTER OF THE FIRST AMERICA]!? 
 
 CONGRESS OF PHILOLOGISTS AND OF THE 
 
 WHITNEY iMEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 TIJ^OR many years the various American societies that 
 have for their ol^ject the promotion of philological 
 science in its several aspects have held their stated 
 meetings separately, at different times of the year and 
 in different places. The project of uniting them in a 
 joint convention, with general and special sessions, had 
 doubtless often suggested itself to many, and had been 
 the suljject of more or less discussion and effort in pri- 
 vate and in pul^lic. Such discussions, however, were 
 without palpable result, until, in March, 1894, upon the 
 vigorous initiative of Talcott Williams, Esq., of 
 Philadelphia, new efforts were made, and, thanks in 
 largest measure to his persistence, were pushed to a 
 successful conclusion.^ 
 
 The death, on the 7th of June, 1894, of Professor 
 \yiLLiAM DwiGHT WniTNEY — for morc than a quarter 
 of a century the leading figure in American philology 
 — at once awakened in his friends and pupils a 
 
 1 See "Journal of the American Oriental Society," vol. 15, p. cxliv, 
 and vol. 16, pp. v and Iv; also "Transactions of the American Philo- 
 logical Association," vol. 25, pp. xxv and xxvi. 
 
2 THE WIITTXEY MEMORIAL IMEETIXG. 
 
 desire fitly to commemorate his distinguislied services. 
 It was suggested tliat the principal session of the joint 
 convention, the arrangements for which were already 
 well under way, should be made a memorial meethig, 
 and be devoted to the expression, on the part of his 
 colleagues and friends, of their appreciation of the char- 
 acter and public services of Mr. Whitney. This sug- 
 gestion met with a quick, general, and cordial response. 
 The arrangements were brought to a speedy conclusion ; 
 and the Philadelpliia Congress of American Philologists 
 of December, 1894, at which more than two hundred 
 scholars were assembled, was the result. 
 
 In the organization of this Congress, the initiative 
 was taken by the American Oriental Society and by the 
 American Philological Association, — the two oldest of 
 the societies concerned, and the two with which Professor 
 Whitney had been more intimately connected. To each 
 of the other leading American societies of kindred aims, 
 an invitation was issued to hold a meetinsr in Philadel- 
 phia during the Christmas holidays in conjunction with 
 the other societies named. The invitations were duly 
 accepted, and the following societies assembled in joint 
 and special sessions on December 27, 28, and 29, at the 
 University of Pennsylvania : — 
 
 The American Oriental Society, organized 1842. 
 
 The American Philological Association, organized 1869. 
 
 The Spelling Reform Association, organized 1876. 
 
 The Archaeological Institute of America, organized 1879. 
 
 The Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, organized 
 
 1880. 
 The Modern Language Association of America, organized 
 
 1883. 
 The American Dialect Society, orgranized 1889. 
 
niEFATOKY SKKrCIT. 3 
 
 The details of the arrangements for the Philadeli^iia 
 meeting were intrusted to a Committee composed of 
 deleg-ates from the several societies concerned. The 
 Committee met in October, and agreed that wliile 
 there should be three general or joint sessions of the 
 societies, the last of these sessions should be exclusively 
 devoted to the memory of Professor Whitney. 
 
 The present volume is intended to be a full report 
 of this Whitney Memorial Meeting, which was held in 
 the Library of the University of Pennsylvania, on 
 Friday evening, December 28, 1894. The presiding offi- 
 cer was President Daniel C. Oilman, of the Johns 
 Hopkins University, President of the American Oriental 
 Society. 
 
 The meeting began with the reading, by Professor 
 David G. Lyon, of extracts from letters relating to Pro- 
 fessor Whitney, which had been received from various 
 foreign scholars. 
 
 The memorial address, by Professor Charles R. 
 Lanman, then followed. 
 
 Professor Francis A. March, on behalf of the 
 Modern Language Association of America, then made 
 an address on " Whitney's Lifluence on the Study of 
 Modern Languages and on Lexicography ; " and Pro- 
 fessor Bernadotte Perrin, one on "Whitney's In- 
 fluence on Classical Philologists." Mr. Perrin was 
 followed in turn by Professor J. Irving Manatt and 
 Rev. Dr. William Hayes Ward ; and, in conclusion, 
 by President Oilman. 
 
 Since the whole convention or congress of societies 
 was itself of the nature of a tribute to the memory and 
 
4 THE WIIITXKY .MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 services of Professor Whitney, and since many of its 
 contributions to philological learning were in no small 
 measure the fruit of his activity, it has seemed proper 
 to include in this volume not only a complete report of 
 the exercises of the Memorial Meeting, but also at least 
 the programs of the various sessions, both joint and 
 special, of the different societies, as they were finally 
 carried out : these programs are accordingly given in 
 Appendix II., pages 107-119. For the detailed reports of 
 the proceedings of these meetings, the official publica- 
 tions of the several societies may be consulted. The 
 list of Professor Whitney's writings (Appendix III.) is 
 of scientific value, as well as of historical interest. 
 Finally, to those who care for the history of philology 
 in America, and who were friends of Mr. Whitney, 
 the brief bibliographical notes concerning his life (x\p- 
 pendixIV.) and his family (Appendix V.) can hardly 
 fail to be acceptable. 
 
PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
THE READING 
 
 FKOM THE 
 
 LETTERS OF FOREIGN SCHOLARS CO^X'ERNING 
 PROFESSOR WHITNEY. 
 
 A LARGE and distinguished assembly having met at 
 eight o'cloclv in the University Libran', President 
 GiLMAX took the chair. The exercises began with tlie 
 reading by Professor Lyox, in tlie original English or 
 in English translation, of extracts from letters concern- 
 incr Professor Wiiitxey which had l)een received from 
 
 o 
 
 various foreign scholars. The original text of these 
 letters is given below in full, pages 67 to 105. 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS» 
 
 By FKOFESSOK CHARLES ROCKWELL LANMAN, 
 
 O/Uarmrd University, Cambridtje, ^fassachusells. 
 
 Ladies axd Gentlemen, — There are some among 
 us who can remember the time when " a certain con- 
 descension in foreigners " easily gave ns pain. There 
 was little achievement behind us as a people to awaken 
 us to national self-consciousness and to a realiziner sense 
 of our own great possibilities. Time is changing all 
 that. The men have come, and some, alas ! are already 
 gone, of whose achievements we may well be j^roud 
 wherever we are. In the battles for the conquests of 
 truth there are no distinctions of race. It needs no 
 international congress to tell us that we belong to one 
 great army. But to-night — as the very titles of these 
 gathered societies show — Science has marshalled us, 
 her fifties and her hundreds, as Americans. AYe look 
 for the centurion, for the captain of the fifties ; and he 
 is no more ! And we call, as did David, lamenting for 
 Abner, " Know ye not that there is a prince and a 
 great man fallen this day in Israel," yea, and like 
 Jonathan, " in the midst of the battle ? " 
 
 It is in the spirit of generous laudation that we are 
 assembled to do honor to our illustrious countryman. 
 And it is well. AYe may praise him now; for he is 
 gone. But I cannot help thinking of a touching legend 
 of the Buddha. Nigh fifty years he has wandered up 
 
8 THE WIIITXEY MEMOniAL .MEETING. 
 
 and down in Ganges-land, teaching and preaching. 
 And now he is about to die. Flowers fall from the 
 sky and heavenly quires are heard to sing his praise. 
 "But not by all this," he answers, — " Imt not by all 
 this, Ananda, is the Teacher honored ; Ijut the disciple 
 who shall fulfil all the greater and lesser duties, — by 
 him is the Teacher honored." It is fitting, then, that 
 we pause, not merely to praise the departed, but also to 
 consider the significance of a noble life, and the duties 
 and responsibilities which so great an example urges 
 upon us, — in short, the lesson of a life of service. 
 
 It would be vain to endeavor, within the narrow 
 limits which the present occasion imposes, to rehearse 
 or to characterize with any completeness the achieve- 
 ments that make up this remarkal^le life. j\Iany ac- 
 counts ^ of it have been given of late in the public prints. 
 Permit me rather to lay before you, by way of selection 
 merely, a few facts concerning Mr. Whitney which may 
 serve to illustrate certain essential features of his char- 
 acter and fundamental motives of his life. 
 
 And indubitably first in importance no less than in 
 natural order is the great fact of his heredity. William 
 Dwight Whitney was born, in 1827, at Northampton, 
 Massachusetts, and in his veins flowed the best blood of 
 a typical New England community, of the Dwights and 
 the Hawleys, — heroes of the heroic age of Hampshire. 
 His stock was remarkable for sturdy vigor, both of body 
 and of intellect, and was in fact that genuine aris- 
 tocracy which, if it be true to its traditions, will remain 
 
 1 j\Iost notable among them is the one by Professor Seymour of Yale, 
 in the " American Journal of Philology," vol. 15. 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 9 
 
 — as for generations it has been — one of the prime 
 gnarantees of the permanence of democracy in America. 
 Few places in this hind have produced a proportionately 
 greater number of distinguished people than has North- 
 ampton. Social advantages were thus added to those 
 of birth, and to all these in turn the advantages of 
 dwelling in a region of great natural beauty. 
 
 It was in William Whitney's early infancy that his 
 father moved into a dwelling built on the precise site of 
 the Jonathan Edwards house. This dwelling was the 
 second in a row of six neighboring houses, all of which 
 could boast of more or less notable occuj)ants. In the 
 first lived Dr. Seeger, who was educated at the same 
 school and time as Schiller, at " the Solitude." Beyond 
 the Whitneys' was the house in which lived Lewis S. 
 Hopkins, the father of Edward W. Hopkins, the San- 
 skrit scholar of Bryn Mawr. The fourth was the orig- 
 inal homestead of the Timothy Dwights, in which the 
 first Yale President of that name, and Theodore, the 
 Secretary of the Hartford Convention and founder of 
 the New York " Daily Advertiser," were born, both 
 grandsons of Jonathan Edwards. The adjoining place 
 was the home of the elder Sylvester Judd, and of his 
 son Sylvester, the author of " Margaret ; " and the sixth 
 house was occupied by the Italian political exile, Ghe- 
 rardi, and later by Dr. William Allen, ex-President of 
 Bowdoin Colles^e. 
 
 Whitney was a mere boy of fifteen when he entered 
 Williams College as a sophomore. Three years later 
 (in 1845) he had easily outstripped all his classmates 
 and graduated with the highest honors ; and with all 
 
10 THE WIIITXEY .MEM(niIAL MEETING. 
 
 that, he found ample time to range the wooded hills of 
 Berkshire, collecting birds, which he himself set up for 
 the Natural History Society. The next three or four 
 years were spent by him as clerk in the Northampton 
 Bank, with accounts for his work, German and Swedish 
 for his studies, ornithology and botany for his recrea- 
 tions, and music for his delight, — unless one should 
 rather say that all was his delight. These oft-men- 
 tioned studies in natural history I should not linger 
 over, save that their deep significance has hardly l^een 
 adverted upon in public. They mean that, even at this 
 early age, Whitney showed the stuff which distinguishes 
 the genuine man of science from the jobbers and jDcd- 
 lers of learning. They mean that, with him, the gift 
 of independent and accurate observation was inborn, and 
 that the habit of unprejudiced reflection uj)on what he 
 himself saw was easily acquired. 
 
 This brings us to a critical period in the determina- 
 tion of his career. In the encyclopedias, Whitney is 
 catalogued as a famous Indianist, and so indeed he was. 
 But it was not because he was an Indianist that he was 
 famous. Had he devoted his life to the physical or 
 natural sciences, he would doubtless have attained to 
 equal, if not greater eminence. Truly, it is not the 
 lohaty but the how ! That he did devote himself to Indol- 
 ogy appears to be due to several facts which were in 
 themselves and in their concomitance accidental. First, 
 his elder brother, Josiah, now the distinguished pro- 
 fessor of geology in Harvard University, on his return 
 from Europe in 184V, had brought with him l)ooks in 
 and on many languages, and among them a copy of the 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 11 
 
 second edition of Bopp's Sanskrit Grammar. Second, 
 it chanced that the Rev. George E. Day, a college-mate 
 at Yale of Professor Salisbury, was Whitney's pastor. 
 And third, he met with Eduard Desor. 
 
 There is in possession of Professor Whitney of Har- 
 vard a well-worn volume of his father's called the Family 
 Fact-book. It is, I am sure, no breach of confidence if 
 I say, in passing, that this book, with its varied entries 
 in all varied moods and by divers gifted hands, is the 
 reflex of a most remarkable family life and feeling. In 
 it, among many other things, are brief autobiographic 
 annals of the early life of William Whitney, and in its 
 proper place the following simple entry : " In the win- 
 ter of 1848-49 commenced the study of Sanskrit, en- 
 couraged to it by Rev. George E. Day. In June, 1849, 
 went out with Josiah to Lake Superior as ' assistant sub- 
 agent ' on the Geological Survey." To William Whitney 
 were intrusted the botany, the barometrical observa- 
 tions, and the accounts. And although the ornithology 
 was not formally intrusted to him, there is abundant 
 evidence that he was habitually on the look-out for the 
 birds, with keen eye and with attentive ear. He must, 
 already, in the spring, have made substantial progress 
 by himself in Sanskrit ; for his article (almost the first 
 that he pulDlished) entitled " On the Sanskrit Language," 
 a translation and abridgment of von Bohlen, appeared 
 in the Augnist number of the "Bibliotheca Sacra" for 
 1849, and must therefore have been finished before he 
 left home. With him, accordingly, he took his brother's 
 copy of Bopp. 
 
 Besides the two brothers, there was a third man-of- 
 
12 TIIK WIIITXKY MOIUKIAL MEETING. 
 
 power in the little company that spent the suninier 
 among the swamps and mosquitoes of the great copper 
 region. That man w^as Eduartl Desor, already a yoimg 
 naturalist of distinction, and afterward famous both in 
 science and in puljlic life in Switzerland. He had come 
 only a short time Ijefore, w^ith Agassiz, and as his friend 
 and intimate associate in scientific undertakings, from 
 Neufchatel to Cambridge. He was by nature full of 
 the purest love for science ; and that love had been 
 quickened to ardent enthusiasm by his own w^ork, and 
 by his intercourse Avith other bright minds and eager 
 workers wdiom he had known in Paris and Neufchatel 
 and in the Swiss glacier-camps of Agassiz. Small won- 
 der if the intimate relations of that summer's camp-life 
 in common gave opportunity for potent influence of the 
 brilliant young Huguenot upon the brilliant young Puri- 
 tan. It is to Desor, and to his words and example, that 
 my Cambridge colleague attributes in large measure his 
 brother's determination to devote himself to a life of 
 science rather than to business or to one of the learned 
 professions. That the chosen department w^as Sanskrit 
 may be ascribed in part to the accident of the books 
 thrown in his way ; in part to the interest of the lan- 
 guage and antiquities of India, intrinsically and as 
 related to our owm ; and in part to the undeniable fas- 
 cination which the cultivation of the virgin soil of an 
 almost untrodden field has for a mind of mmsual energy, 
 vigor, and originality. 
 
 William Whitney has left a full an<l interesting jour- 
 nal of this summer. Tuesday, July 24, wdiile w^aiting 
 for the uncertain propeller to come and rescue them 
 
iMEMORIAL ADDRESS. 13 
 
 from the liorriljle insect pests, he writes from CojDper 
 Harbor : " For my part, I intend attacking Sanskrit 
 grammar to-morrow." And then, on ^yednesday : " I 
 liave, after all, managed to get thro the day without 
 having recourse to the Sanskrit, but it has been a nar- 
 row escape." And live weeks later, from Carp River : 
 '' Another day of almost hiaction, most intolerable and 
 difficult to be borne. How often have I longed for that 
 Sanskrit grammar which I so foolishly sent down ])efore 
 me to the Sault ! " 
 
 The autumn of 1849, accordingly, found him at New 
 Haven, and in company with Professor Hadley, study- 
 ing under Edward Ell^ridge Salisbury, the Professor of 
 the Arabic and Sanskrit Languages and Literature. The 
 veteran Indologist of Berlin, Professor Welder, has said 
 that he and Professor Roth account it as one of their 
 fairest honors that they had Whitney as a pupil. To 
 have had both a Whitney and a Hadley at once is surely 
 an honor that no American teacher in the departments 
 here represented this evening can match. In a man 
 whose soul was beclouded with the slightest mist of false 
 pretension or of selfishness, we may well imagine that 
 the progress of such pupils might easily have occasioned 
 a pang of jealousy. But Mr. Salisbury's judgment upon 
 them illuminates his own character no less than that of 
 his pupils wlien he says, "■ Their quickness of jDcrception 
 and unerring exactness of acquisition soon made it 
 evident that the teacher and the taught must change 
 places." 
 
 We have come to the transition period of Whitney's 
 life. He is still a pupil, but already also an incipient 
 
14 THE WHITNEY ^U:,MORIAL MEETING. 
 
 master. " 1850, Sept. 20. Sailed for Germany in the 
 steamer Wasliington. S2)ent three winters in Berlin, 
 studying especially Avith Dr. Weber, and two summers 
 in Tubingen, Wlirtemberg, with Professor Roth." Thus 
 runs the entry in the Fact-book. A few lines later we 
 read : " Leaving Berlin in April, 1853, stayed six weeks 
 in Paris, three in Oxford, and seven in London (collat- 
 ing Sanskrit manuscripts), and then returned in the 
 steamer Niagara, arriving in Boston Aug. 5." Such 
 is the modest record that covers the three momen- 
 tous years of the beginning of a splendid scientific 
 career. For in this brief space he had not only laid 
 broad and deep foundations, by studies in Persian, 
 Arabic, Egyptian, and Coptic, but had also done a large 
 part of the preliminary work for the edition of the 
 Atharva-Veda, — as witness the volumes on the table 
 before you, which contain his Berlin copy of that Veda 
 and his Paris, Oxford, and London collations. 
 
 Meantime, however, at Yale, his honored teacher and 
 faithful friend. Professor Salisbury, " with true and self- 
 forgetting zeal for the progress of Oriental studies " 
 (these are Mr. Whitney's own words), had been dili- 
 gently preparing the way for him ; negotiating with 
 the corporation for the establishment of a chair of San- 
 skrit, surrendering pro tanto his o"wn office, and pro\4d- 
 ing for the endowment of the new cathedra ; leaving, in 
 short, no stone untiu'ned to insure the fruitful activity 
 of his young colleague. Nor did hope wait long upon 
 fulfilment ; for in 1856, only a trifle more than two 
 years from his induction, Whitney had, as joint editor 
 with Professor Roth, achieved a most distinguished ser- 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 15 
 
 vice for science by the issue of the editio princejjs of the 
 Atharva-Veda, and that before he was thirty. 
 
 In September, 186 9, — that is to say, in the very 
 month in which began the first college year of Presi- 
 dent Eliot's administration, — Whitney was called to 
 Harvard. It reflects no less credit upon Mr. Eliot's 
 discernment of character and attainments than upon 
 Mr. Whitney's surj^assing gifts that the youthful presi- 
 dent should turn to him, among the very first, for aid 
 in helping to begin the great work of transforming the 
 provincial college into a national university. The pros- 
 pect of losing such a man was matter of gravest con- 
 cernment to all Yale College, and in particular to her 
 faithful benefactor, Professor Salisbury. Within a week 
 the latter had provided for the endowment of Mr. Whit- 
 ney's chair upon the ampler scale made necessary by the 
 change of the times ; and the considerations which 
 made against the transplanting of the deeply rooted tree 
 had, unhappily for Harvard, their chance to prevail, and 
 Whitney remained at New Haven. 
 
 It was during his studies under Mr. Salisbury, in May, 
 I8o0, that he was elected a member of the American 
 Oriental Society. Mr. Salisbury was the life and soul of 
 the Society, and, thanks to his learning, his energy, and 
 his munificence, the organization had already attained 
 to "standing and credit in the world of scholars." Like 
 him, Mr. Whitney was a steadfast believer in the obli- 
 gation of which the very existence of these assembled 
 societies is an acknowledgment, — the obligation of pro- 
 fessional men to help in " co-operative action in behalf 
 of literary and scientific progress ; " and, more than 
 that, to do so at real personal sacrifice. 
 
16 TlIK WIIITXKY MEMORIAL .MEETiXG. 
 
 The first meeting at which Mr. Whitney was present 
 was held Octol)er 20, 1853. More than thirty-tliree 
 years passed, and he Avrote from the sick-room : " It is 
 the first time in thirty-two years that I have been alDsent 
 from a meeting of the American Oriental Society, 
 except when out of the country." His first communi- 
 cation to the Society was read by Mr. Salisbury, October 
 13, 1852 ; and his last, in March, 1894, at the last meet- 
 ing before his death. Of the seven volumes, vi.-xii., of 
 the Society's Journal, more than half of the contents 
 arc from his pen, to say nothing of his numerous and 
 imj)ortant papers in the Proceedings. In 1857, the most 
 onerous office of the Society, that of Corresponding Sec- 
 retary, which from the beginning carried with it the duty 
 of editing the publications, was devolved uj^on him ; and 
 he bore its burdens for twenty-seven years. Add to this 
 eighteen years as Librarian and six as President, and ^\'e 
 have an aggregate of fifty-one years of official service. 
 The American Philological Association, too, is under 
 deep obligation to Whitney. He was one of its found- 
 ers, and, very fittingly, its first president. For many 
 years he was one of the most constant attendants at 
 its meetings, a valued counsellor, and one of its most 
 faithful helpers and contrilnitors. 
 
 Some might think it a matter of little importance, 
 but it is certainly a significant one, that, after paying 
 his Oriental Society assessments for about thirty-five 
 years, at last, and when facing mortal illness, he paid 
 over the considerable sum required to make himself 
 a life member. A little later, — for the candle still 
 burned, — and with strictest injunction of secrecy dur- 
 ing his lifetime, he sent to the Treasurer his check for 
 
MEMORIAL ADDKKSS. 17 
 
 a thousand dollars of his modest savings, to help to- 
 ward defraying the Society's expenses of publication, 
 and in the hope that it might serve as a " suggestion 
 and encouragement to others to do likewise." 
 
 Added to all this was his service in keeping up the 
 very high scientific standard of the Society's publica- 
 tions. The work of judging and selecting required 
 wide knowledge, and the making of abstracts much 
 labor; while the revision or recasting of the papers of 
 tyros unskilled in writing demanded endless pains- 
 taking, not always met l)y gratitude and docility. All 
 this cost him a lavish bestowal of time, of which hardly 
 any one in the Society knew, and that for the reason 
 that he took no steps to have them know. So exem- 
 plary was his freedom from self-seeking in all his rela- 
 tions with the Society. 
 
 The rehearsal of the titles of ^Ir. Whitney's books 
 and treatises would give to this address too much the 
 character of a Ijibliographical essay; and, Ijesides, it 
 would merely tend to impress hearers who are accus- 
 tomed to count volumes rather than to weigh them. 
 His distinguishing qualities, as reflected in his work, 
 are everywhere so palpalDle that it is not hard to 
 descrilje them. Perhaps the most striking and per- 
 vading one is that which Professor Lounsbury calls his 
 " thorough intellectual sanity." In reading his argu- 
 ments, wdiether constructive or critical, one can hardly 
 help exclaiming, How near to first principles are the 
 criteria of the most advanced theories and high-stepping 
 deliverances ! With him, the imi)ulse to prick the IduIj- 
 ble of windy hypothesis upon the diamond-needle (as 
 
18 THE \\HITXEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 the Hindus call it) of hard common-sense was often 
 irresistible, and sometimes irresistibly funny. Witness 
 this passage from his boyish journal : " On entering the 
 river [the St. Mary's], we found ourselves in an archi- 
 pelago of small islands, which stretches from the Sault 
 
 down to the foot of the Georgian Bay. says [that] 
 
 actually visited thirty-six thousand such islands, 
 
 . . . which in my opinion is a whopper. To have done 
 it, he must have stopped upon ten a day, every day 
 for ten years." This may seem triviaL In fact, it is 
 typical. It is in essence the same kind of treatment 
 that he gave in later life to any loose statement or 
 extravagant theory, although printed in the most dig- 
 nified journal and propounded by the most redoubtable 
 authority. 
 
 Breadth and thoroughness are ever at war with each 
 other in men, for that men are finite. The gift of both 
 in large measure and at once, — this marks the man of 
 genius. That the gift was Whitney's is clear to any 
 one who considers the versatility of his mind, the vari- 
 ousness of his work, and the quality of his results. As 
 professor of Sanskrit, technical work in grammar, lexi- 
 cography, text-criticism, and the like, lay nearest to 
 him ; but with all this, he still found strength to illu- 
 minate by his insight many questions of general lin- 
 guistic theory, the origin of language, phonetics, the 
 difficult subject of Hindu astronomy and the question 
 of its derivation, the method and technique of transla- 
 tion, the science of religion, mythology, linguistic eth- 
 nology, alphabetics, and paleography, and much else. 
 Astonishing is the combination of technical knowledge 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 19 
 
 in widely diverse fields which appears in his elaborately 
 annotated translation of the famous Sanskrit astronom- 
 ical treatise called Suryasiddhanta, and which, again, 
 he brought to bear upon his criticisms of earlier and 
 later attempts to determine the age of the Veda by 
 its references to solar eclipses, and by its alleged impli- 
 cations respecting the place of the equinoctial colures. 
 
 But not only in respect of contents were Whitney's 
 writmgs of conspicuous merit ; he had also the sense of 
 form and proportion, — that sense for lack of which 
 the writings of many a scholar of equal learning are 
 almost nugatory. At twenty-two, his English style 
 had the charms of simplicity, clearness, and vigor, and 
 they held out to the last. And what could be more 
 admirable than his beautiful essay, — a veritable classic, 
 — " The Vedic Doctrine of a Future Life " ? His sub- 
 jects, indeed, if treated seriously, do not lend themselves 
 to the graces of rhetorical or ornate writing,; and his 
 concise and pregnant periods sometimes mock the flip- 
 pant or listless reader. But his presentation, whether of 
 argmnent or of scientific generalization, is always a 
 model of lucidity, of orderly exposition, and of due 
 subordination of the parts. This was a matter on 
 which he felt deeply ; for his patience was often sorely 
 tried hj papers for whose slovenliness in diction, ar- 
 rangement, and all tlie externals of which he was a 
 master, the authors fondly thought that their erudition 
 was forsooth an excuse. 
 
 Indeed, for the matter of printer's manuscript, more 
 than once has Boehtlingk, the Nestor of Indianists, 
 taxed him home with making it too good, declaring 
 
20 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 it a wicked sin to put time on such things, though 
 playfully admitting the wliile that he had killed off 
 with his own desperate copy I cannot remember how 
 many luckless type-setters in the office of the Russian 
 Academy. 
 
 Where there was so much of the best, it is not feasi- 
 ble to go into details about all. Yet I cannot omit 
 mention of some of his masterpieces. Very notable is 
 his " Language and the Study of Language," — a work of 
 wide currency, and one which has done more than any 
 other in this country to promote sound and intelligent 
 views upon the subjects concerned. It deals with prin- 
 ciples, with speculative questions, and with broad gen- 
 eralizations, — the very things in which his mastery of 
 material, self-restraint, even balance of mind, and rigor- 
 ous logic come admirably into play. 
 
 Of a wdiolly different type, but not one whit inferior 
 withal, are his Prati^akhyas. These are the phonetico- 
 grammatical treatises upon the text of the Vedas, and 
 are of prime importance for the establishment of the 
 text. Their distinguishing feature is minutijB, of mar- 
 vellous exactness, but presented in such a form that no 
 one with aught less than a tropical Oriental contempt 
 for the value of time can make anything out of them 
 as they stand. Whitney not only out-Hindus the Hindu 
 for minutiae, but also — such is his command of form — 
 actually recasts the whole, so that it becomes a book of 
 easy reference. 
 
 As for the joint edition of the Atharva-Veda, it is a 
 most noteworthy fact that it has held its own now for 
 thirty-eight years as an unsurpassed model of what a 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 21 
 
 Vedic text-edition ought to l)e. His " Index Verborum 
 to the Atharva-Veda," a work of wonderful complete- 
 ness and accuracy, is much more than its name implies, 
 and may not pass without brief mention, inasmuch as 
 its material formed the basis of his contriljutions to 
 the Sanskrit-German lexicon puljlished by the Imperial 
 Academy of Russia. This great seven-volumed quarto, 
 whose steady progress through the press took some 
 three and twenty years, is the Sanskrit Stephanus. 
 Americans may well be proud of the fact that to Whit- 
 ney belongs the distinguished honor of being one of the 
 four "faithful collaborators" who, next to the authors, 
 Boehtlingk and Roth, contributed most to this monu- 
 mental work. 
 
 Of all his technical works, his " Sanskrit Grammar," 
 with its elaborate supplement, " The Roots, Verb-forms, 
 and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language," 
 forms the crowning achievement. Here he casts off 
 the bonds of tradition wherever they might hamper 
 his free scientific procedure, and approaches the phe- 
 nomena of language in essentially the same spirit and 
 attitude of mind as that in which Darwin or Helmholtz 
 grappled the problems of their sciences. The language 
 is treated historically, and as the product of life and 
 growth ; and the work is filled with the results of scores 
 of minute and far-reaching special investigations. The 
 amount of material which is here subjected to rigorous 
 and original methods of classification and scientific 
 induction is enormous ; and none but those who were 
 familiar with his writinG:-table can well realize the self- 
 restraint that he used in order to bring his results into 
 moderate compass. 
 
22 THE WIIITNKY MEMORIAL .MEETING. 
 
 In all these technical works there is little that ap- 
 peals to the poj^ular imagination, and absolutely nothing 
 to catch the applause of the groundlings ; but much, on 
 the other hand, to win the confidence of the judicious. 
 It was therefore natural that Whitney should be sought 
 as editor-in-chief for what is in every sense by far the 
 greatest lexicographical achievement of America, " The 
 Century Dictionary." And desj^ite the abihty and size 
 of the editorial stajffi, we may well believe that this office 
 was no sinecure ; for the settlement of the principles 
 of j)rocedure demanded the full breadth of learnmg, the 
 largeness of view, and the judicial temper of a master 
 mind. Among the great body of his countrymen, this 
 will be Whitney's best-known monument. 
 
 Mr. Whitney was a genuine lover of nature and of 
 the world out of doors no less than of his books ; and 
 so, with his keen sense of humor and love of fun, he 
 was a charming companion for the woods and hills. 
 Physical courage, too, abounded, often Avith a daring 
 impulse to meet bodily risk and danger, as when he 
 climbed the so-called Look-off Pine, about one hundred 
 and thirty feet high, a monarch overtopping the prime- 
 val forests of the Ontonagon River, and broke off its 
 top as a trophy ; or as when, with his brother, he in- 
 dulged in the youthful escapade of passing the forbidden 
 point of the spire of Strasburg Cathedral by clambering 
 out and around the point of obstruction on the outside, 
 and of mounting thence toward the summit as far as 
 there was any opening within the spire large enough to 
 contain a man's body. He was intensely American, in 
 the best sense of the word ; and his patriotism, aside 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 23 
 
 from its loftier manifestations (of wliich a moment 
 later), showed itself in some lesser ways not iinpleasing 
 to recall. In describing his passage through the wilds 
 of the Detroit River, he says in that youthful journal, 
 " There was little difference in the appearance of the 
 two sides ; but I endeavored to persuade myself that the 
 American offered evidence of more active and successful 
 industry than the British." 
 
 I venture to quote in part the words and in part the 
 substance of a recent letter from one of his old pupils. 
 There is no one, said this pupil, whose privilege it was 
 to know him more intimately, who could not speak of 
 the deep tenderness underlying his ordinary reserve, of 
 his profound sympathy with difficulty and misfortune, 
 and of his ever-steadfast loyalties. Of the last a touch- 
 ing illustration is found in his remembrance of the 
 Schaal family, in whose house auf clem Grahen he lodged 
 during his Tubingen summers of 1851 and 1852. 
 Nearly forty years later he wrote to this pupil, then in 
 Tubingen, asking him to seek out the Schaals, and to 
 be the bearer of kindly messages to them. Fraulein 
 Schaal spoke of the delight her mother and herself had 
 felt at the messages sent them by the professor who had 
 become so celebrated, but who had not forgotten them, 
 and showed the visitor Professor Whitney's room, all 
 unchanged, a typical Studentenzimmer ; in the middle, a 
 long plain table, and by it an uncushioned arm-chair. 
 That, said she, was Professor Whitney's chair, and in it 
 he used to sit for hours at that table, almost without 
 moving. When he moved the chair more than a little, 
 I knew that it was time for me to take him his mug of 
 
24 THE AVIIITXKY MEMORIAE MEETlXfJ. 
 
 beer, and ])t'rchance a l)it of l)read. And, as a very 
 small '/]]■] then, I wondered at the table, which was 
 covered with Uttle bits of paper, which he had arranged 
 in a certain order, and was very particular that no one 
 should disturb. The only adornment which he had in 
 the room was an American flag draped over the mirror; 
 and on the Fourth of July he said he would Avork an 
 hour less than usual, as it was the anniversary of 
 American independence. The Hag was the symbol of a 
 true passion ; and in his toils for truth he felt that he 
 was working, first for the welfare, and second for the 
 glory of his country. And as for the latter, how many 
 an American student in Germany has been proud of the 
 generous recognition of AVhitney's success ! Years ago, 
 continues the letter, I was exchanging a few words with 
 a famous Orientalist. The Herr Professor kindly asked 
 me from what part of America I came. New Jersey, I 
 told him, and his face grew A^ery blank. I know Con- 
 necticut, said he. And he knew Connecticut, as did his 
 colleagues, largely because he knew Whitney. So much 
 for the letter of a loving and beloved pupil. 
 
 It suggests withal an inquiry : What was the secret 
 of Whitney's great productivity ? In the first instance, 
 — it is almost needless to say, — his native gifts. But 
 it is far from true that native gifts are always fruitful. 
 Next to them came his power of discerning what was 
 the really important thing to do, and his habit — self- 
 imposed, and enforced with Spartan rigor — of doing 
 something every working-day upon that really impor- 
 tant thing, and, above all, of doing that something first. 
 Such was his regularity that even the dire necessity — 
 
'^ OP THK 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 
 
 :io 
 
 which arose m 1882 — of moving from one dwelling- 
 house into another did not Ijreak it. " Even moving," 
 he writes, '' I expect to find consistent with regular 
 doses of Talavakara, etc." The " art of judicious slight- 
 ing " was a household word in his family, a weapon of 
 might; its importance to the really great is equalled 
 only by its perilousness in the hands of the unskilful. 
 His plans were formed with circumspection, with care- 
 ful counting of the cost, and then adhered to witli the 
 utmost persistence, so that he left behind him nothing 
 fragmentary. We may change Goldsmith's epitaph to 
 suit the case, and say that Whitney put his hand to 
 nothing that he did not carry out, — nihil quod incejrit 
 noil 2>erfecit. 
 
 And wdiat shall I say of the lesser virtues that graced 
 him ? As patient as the earth, say the Hindus. And 
 endless patience was his wdiere patience was in place. 
 And how beautiful was his gentleness, his kindness to 
 those from whom he looked for nothing again, his grati- 
 tude to those who did him a service ! And how espe- 
 cially well did the calm dignity which was ever his 
 wont become him when he presided at the meetings of 
 learned societies ! How notal^le the brevity with which 
 he presented his papers ! No labored reading from a 
 manuscript, but rather a simple and facile account of 
 results. An example, surely ! He who had the most 
 to say used in proportion the least time in saying it. 
 And this w^as indeed of a piece Avith his most exemi)lary 
 habit, as editor of the publications of the Oriental 
 Society, of keeping his own name so far in the back- 
 
26 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 ground. For how genuine was his modesty of bearing, 
 of speech, and of soul ! 
 
 And in harmony therewith was liis reverence for 
 things hallowed. 
 
 He counted not himself to have attained, 
 
 This douj^hty toiler on the paths of truth ; 
 
 And scorned not them who lower heights had reached. 
 
 As was his attitude toward things sacred, so also was it 
 toward those who went before him in science. He did 
 not speak sneeringly of what they, with lesser light, had 
 achieved. And to him Aristotle was none the less a 
 giant because some dwarf on a giant's shoulders can see 
 farther than the giant himself. 
 
 If I may cite my own words used on a former occa- 
 sion, Whitney's life-work shows three important lines of 
 activity, — the elaboration of strictly technical works, 
 the preparation of educational treatises, and the popular 
 exposition of scientific questions. The last two methods 
 of })ublic service are direct and immediate, and to be 
 gainsaid of none ; yet even here the less immediate 
 results are doubtless the ones by which he would have 
 set most store. As for the first, some may incline to 
 think the value of an edition of the Veda or of a San- 
 skrit grammar — to say nothing of a Pratiqakhya — 
 extremely remote ; they certainly w^on for him neither 
 money nor popular applause ; and yet, again, such are 
 the very works in which we cannot doubt he took the 
 deepest satisfaction. He realized their fundamental 
 cliaracter, knew that they were to play their part in 
 unlocking the treasures of Indian antiquity, and knew 
 that that antiquity has its great lessons for us moderns; 
 
MEMORIAL ADDRESS. 27 
 
 further, that the history of the hxiiguages of India, as it 
 has indeed already modified, is also yet to modify, and 
 that profoundly, the whole teaching of classical and 
 Germanic philology, both in method and in contents; 
 and that the history of the evolution of religions in 
 India is destined to exert a powerful intiuence for good 
 upon the development of religious thought and life 
 among us and our children. He labored, and other 
 men shall enter mto his labors. But it is this " faith, 
 the assurance of things hoped for," — Trtcrrt? eXTrt^ojae- 
 vdiv vnocTTaai^, — which is one of the most vital attri- 
 butes of the true scholar. 
 
 In the autumn of 1886 came the beginning of the 
 end, an alarming disorder of the heart. Adhering 
 closely to a strictly prescribed physical regimen, he 
 labored on, according to his wavering strength, heap- 
 ing, as it were, the already brimming measure of his 
 life-work. His courage, his patient learning of the art 
 of suffering, his calm serenity in facing the ever-present 
 possibility of sudden death, — this was heroic. And 
 through it all forsook him not the two grand informing 
 motives of his life, — the pure love of truth, and an all- 
 absorbing passion for faithful service. 
 
 With this love of truth, this consuming zeal for ser- 
 vice, with this public spirit and broad humanity, this 
 absolute truthfulness and genuineness of character, is 
 not this life an inspiration and an example more potent 
 by far than years of exhortation ? Is not this truly one 
 of the lives that make for righteousness ? 
 
28 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 And wliat then ? On the tympanum of the theatre 
 at Harvard are inscribed in the Vulgate version those 
 nol^le words iVom the Ijook of Daniel : — 
 
 QVIAVTEM-DOCTI-FVEKIXT 
 
 FVLGEBVNT-QVASI-SPLENDGR-FIKMAMENTI 
 
 ET-QVI-AD-IVSTITIAM-EKVDIVNT-MVLTOS 
 
 QVASI-STELLAE-IN-PERrETVAS-AETKKNITATES 
 
 We may say them of him : And tliey that he wise shall 
 shine as the brightness of the firmament ; and they that 
 turn many to righteousness, as the stars for ever and 
 ever. 
 
WHITNEY'S INFLUENCE 
 
 ON THE 
 
 STUDY OF MODERN LANGUAGES AND ON 
 LEXICOGRAPHY. 
 
 By professor FRANCIS ANDREW MARCH, 
 
 Of Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsi/lrania, as Spokesman of the Modern Lamjiiafje 
 Association of America and of the Spelling Reform Association. 
 
 o 
 
 UR great Sanskrit scholar was also an instructor in 
 modern languages at Yale during almost all of 
 his active life. He taught great classes of under- 
 graduates French and German for thirty years. He 
 daily gave them his morning hour. He prepared a 
 German grammar, a French grammar, a German 
 reader with notes and vocabulary, a German diction- 
 ary, and also an English grammar, all for practical 
 use in schools and colleges. These books are believed 
 to be the most widely used of their kind, and are 
 everywhere prized by superior teachers. 
 
 All are remarkable books. Professor Whitney was 
 an exact observer, but he was by eminence a systema- 
 tizer. He had a profound system of language, its 
 origin, its essential elements, its development, its dif- 
 ferentiation into families of lanQ-uas-es, and in the Indo- 
 European family the differentiation of the languages. 
 A linguistic phenomenon was no fact to him till he saw 
 it in its historic development ; a fact was no truth to 
 
30 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 liiin till lie saw it in its systematic necessity. Any 
 one of his books was in some sense exposition or expli- 
 cation of this system. 
 
 " The Essentials of English Grammar " is his most 
 perfect work of this kind. It seems to ))e a statement 
 of simple facts in the simplest language, made with 
 charming ease and fluency ; Ijut it is an organic unity, 
 — the same blood flows and forms in every sentence and 
 every word. It is a masterly portrait of the youngest 
 sister of the Indo-European family. The German and 
 French grammars are similar sketches of her French 
 and German sisters. Professor Whitney had chosen 
 betimes the eldest of this sisterhood. He had his ear- 
 lier fancies, lightly turned to the beauty of minerals, of 
 plants, of birds ; but he married betimes, as the scholar 
 should, and when he married Sanskrit, he married into 
 the family. When his "Students sought the acquaintance 
 of the younger sisters, he liked to introduce them to the 
 head of the sisterhood. The press has teemed with 
 American English grammars ever since Lindley Mur- 
 ray, many of them brilliant with original nomenclature, 
 diagrams, and other novelties. Professor Whitney's 
 " Essentials " shows that simplicity and lucidity are 
 better than brilliancy. It makes the study of gram- 
 mar an effort to understand language, elementary gram- 
 mar an exposition of facts by principles. It shows no 
 fads of methods. It has no special relations with any 
 of the current text-books. It is an orio-inal o;rowtli from 
 fundamental truth, and might have been written in any 
 aere when the fundamental truths were kno^^m, and it is 
 
 '5 
 
 and will be as good for one age as another. This is the 
 
PROFESSOR MARCH'S ADDRESS. 31 
 
 kind of book Professor Whitney liked to write, not a 
 repetition or refutation of the latest views, but exposi- 
 tion of truth for all time. In the higher study of 
 modern languages his example strongly favors direct 
 study of languages in monuments and literatures rather 
 than in the opinions of others. 
 
 A similar excellence belongs to his w^ork in lexicog- 
 raphy. It l)egan in systematizing and simplifying the 
 definitions of Webster's Dictionary, and in contributing 
 material to the St. Petersl^urg Sanskrit Dictionary. It 
 was continued in the planning and direction of his Ger- 
 man Dictionary, and finally of the Century Dictionary, 
 which is a sort of apotheosis of Webster. In his 
 superintendency of the Century he w^as able to do a 
 great work for the historical and scientific study of 
 English by adopting plans for introducing into the dic- 
 tionary most liberally the results of such studies, and 
 materials for further advance. Perhaps no other editor- 
 in-chief could have secured the adoption of Dr. Scott's 
 plan for tlie etymology. Its thoroughness and compre- 
 hensiveness foreboded a voluminousness appalling to a 
 pul^lisher. But the publisher of the Century was no 
 common publisher, and Professor Whitney's authority 
 was little short of a categorical imperative. He sup- 
 ported Dr. Scott, wdio prepared the etymology and most 
 of the philological material from the modern languages, 
 not only by general approval, but by constant interest 
 and cordial recognition day by day of the eminent merit 
 of his work. 
 
 In the Century another form of Whitney's power 
 appears, — a genius for amending, improving, recon- 
 
32 THE WHITNEY MEMUIUAL MEETING. 
 
 structing, especially in semi-mechanical contrivances, a 
 genius like that of Franklin. There are in his earlier 
 vocabularies notable contrivances of method, order, and 
 typography, for conveying in simple ways information 
 about etymology and tlie like. In the Century there 
 are many ingenious devices of arrangement and nota- 
 tion especially to indicate pronunciation. Those are of 
 special importance which give the pronunciation of let- 
 ters of varying sound. He also makes an onslaught 
 on the irregularities and inconsistencies of English 
 spelling. 
 
 In his work upon Sanskrit, studying old manuscripts, 
 observing, systematizing, expounding ancient speeches, 
 he would be apt to think of language as record merely. 
 But in dealing with modern languages and especially 
 with the lexicography of English, he could not fail to 
 recognize it as machinery, — miglity machinery working 
 for the future. He would pride himself on the conquest 
 of the past, the reconstruction of history in his exposi- 
 tion of Sanskrit ; but his English lexicography would 
 remind him that the highest praise of a branch of 
 knowledge is that it is fruitful, that " we seek truth for 
 generation, fruit, and comfort." His linguistic phil- 
 osophy also, his view of words as inventions, of each 
 language as an aggregation of these inventions, a na- 
 tional institution, and of the science of language as a 
 Ijranch of human history, made it a matter of course 
 that he should regard language as a field for improve- 
 ments, like other inventions and mstitutions. 
 
 Professor Whitney had already, in 1867, in his lectures 
 on Language and the Study of Language, and in a 
 
PROFESSOR MARCH'S ADDRESS. 33 
 
 series of papers in '" The Nation," stated fully the scien- 
 tific aspect of our spelling, and the unhappy position of 
 those who defend it, and love it, and are proud of it. 
 There were some such in those days. I will not read 
 what he says of them, lest haply there may be some 
 survivor of that period present, too old to learn, too 
 venerable to be ridiculed on this occasion. But as to 
 practical action, Professor Whitney announced at that 
 time that it was impracticable while the public temper 
 should remain Avhat it then was. 
 
 In 1875, however, he accepted the Chairmanship of a 
 Committee of the American Philological Association, 
 which was appointed to report what could be done for 
 English spelling, and he prepared the report^ which was 
 presented in 1876, setting forth the principles which 
 should govern any attempt at reform. He wrote the 
 same year to the International Convention for the 
 Improvement of English Orthography held at Phila- 
 delphia at the World's Fair : " There are few in our 
 community deserving the name of scholar who do not 
 confess that a ' historical ' spelling is in principle inde- 
 fensible, that it has no suj^port save our customs and 
 prejudices." He still declined to make any suggestions 
 for a new orthographic method, although he said that 
 he had been sometimes tempted to say that he should 
 not think any progress of much account until we could 
 agitate for the true ("Continental" or "Italian") rep- 
 resentation of the vowel sounds. But he Avas for " a 
 beginning anj^vhere, of any kind. Break down the false 
 sacredness of the present modes of spelling, accustom 
 
 1 See below, Bibliogi-aphy, No. 208a. 
 
34 THE WIinXEY MEMORIAL .MEETIXG. 
 
 people not to shiver when they see familiar words * mis- 
 spelt,' and something good will be the final result." 
 
 He accepted office in the Spelling Reform Associa- 
 tion. The names of Professor Whitnc}- and Professor 
 Max Miiller stood side by side. He continued a mem- 
 Ijer of the Committee on Spelling Reform of the Philo- 
 logical Association. Holding these offices for twenty 
 years, he exerted the full weight of his influence and 
 authority in behalf of this reform. He freely gave it 
 time and money. He attended meetings. He would 
 make a long journey m a midwinter storm to attend a 
 meetmg of the Committee. He contributed in his turn 
 to a series of articles in reformed spelling, published in 
 " The Independent." He signed memorials to Con- 
 gress. He acted as a Commissioner of the State of 
 Connecticut to examine and report on amending the 
 spelling of the public documents. He promoted and 
 assisted joint action l^etween the American Philological 
 Association and the Philological Society of England. 
 He introduced this action in the Century Dictionary. 
 
 His last public act, almost his last publication, was 
 a communication to the Anthropological Societ}^ of 
 Washington in 1893, for a symposium on the ques- 
 tion : " Is simplified spelling feasible as proposed by 
 the English and American Philological Societies ? " 
 
 But with all this he declined to lead. When he 
 sisrned a memorial he would make it a condition that 
 his name should not be placed first. He did not use 
 in his own books any form of amended spelling. In 
 giving the pronunciation of the Century Dictionary, he 
 did not adopt the Continental vowel notation, though 
 
PROFESSOR MARCH'S ADDRESS. 35 
 
 he used it in his studies, and regarded it as vital fur re- 
 form. He weighed the matter well, and decided that it 
 would too much endanger the popular success of the 
 whole undertakmg. We must reserve that, he said, for 
 a future edition. In all this, as in other things, Professor 
 Wliitne}' was eminently the wise man. 
 
 Many men of many minds are needed to advance 
 reforms. The good providence which sends rain on 
 the wise and on the unwise has its crowns reserved 
 for both. The great emperor had a medal for the 
 soldier with the thickest head and the stoutest heart 
 in his army. So it is in the army of progress. Other 
 spelling reformers may take their medals; Professor 
 Whitney is sure of his crown. 
 
PROFESSOR WHITNEY'S INFLUENCE 
 
 ON 
 
 CLASSICAL PHILOLOGISTS. 
 
 By professor BERNADOTTE FERRIN, 
 
 Of Yale Universiti/, New Haven, Connecticut. 
 
 TT was, of course, natural that those pupils of Pro- 
 fessor Whitney who made Oriental studies, and 
 especially Indian literature and antiquities, their chief 
 pursuit, should come into the closest relations with him, 
 and receive from him the strongest influences and deep- 
 est impressions. They are also best qualified, now that 
 the master is gone, to testify of his powers and achieve- 
 ments as a master. But the larger proportion of men 
 who took Professor Whitney's graduate courses, espe- 
 cially after 1871, were fitting themselves for careers as 
 teachers either of the modern or of the classical lan- 
 guages and literatures. To adopt the terminology of 
 our scliools, these men took Professor Whitney's courses 
 as minor courses. Nevertheless, they too were pro- 
 foundly impressed by Professor Whitney's personality 
 and work. Most of them are now occupying honorable 
 positions in our academic life. They do not hand on 
 the special traditions of the school of Indian studies 
 which Professor Whitney founded for this country, but 
 they are carrying into their own fields of investiga- 
 
38 THE WHITNEY :\rEMORIAL SHEETING. 
 
 tion a spirit, a method, and an ideal which they caught 
 from him. 
 
 It seems as though no man could again attain to 
 the absolute impartiality of his spirit. A young enthu- 
 siast often mistook its crystal clarity for coldness and 
 lack of zest. It prevented Professor Whitney from 
 being what is called magnetic. For this a certain 
 degree of partisanship would seem to be requisite. It 
 even made liim seem at times to lack proper appre- 
 ciation of a beauty or a power which others were more 
 ready to acknowledge; and this, no doubt, kept him 
 from the somewhat ephemeral success of interesting 
 and stirring large miscellaneous classes of undergrad- 
 uates. A young man just entering the domain of clas- 
 sical philology, and gettmg his first ranges over the 
 fields of classical literature, is sure to have a distorted 
 idea of the relative superiority of those literatures, from 
 comparative ignorance both of other ancient and of 
 modern literatures. This often blinds him to the real 
 merits of other literary expressions, and especially to 
 much of tlie narro^mess and squalor of ancient clas- 
 sical life, and to its hideous injustices. It was not, then, 
 alone the fact that Professor AYhitney introduced such 
 students to a new ancient language and literature of 
 great richness, upon which successive ages had spent 
 themselves in comment and elucidation, but it was his 
 comparative estimate of tins and other ancient lan- 
 guages and literatures, or of all ancient and modern 
 languages and literatures, which led those who came 
 under his teaching to revise their standards and readjust 
 their mental perspectives. He did not unduly exalt the 
 
PROFESSOR PERRIX'S ADDRESS. 39 
 
 new lancniaere and literature. His students never de- 
 
 o o 
 
 tec ted in him the specialist's natural partiality for that 
 range of human endeavor which happens to be most in 
 his thoughts. Rather, he slowly but surely, and almost 
 always indirectly, brought a pupil to acknowledge to 
 himself that a zeal born of ignorance had led him to 
 indulge in a species of mental idolatry. But no icono- 
 clasm followed tlie conviction. It was above all things 
 a calmness and deliberateness of mental activity which 
 was most fostered by contact with Professor Whitney's 
 spirit, — a spirit which made him a dull controversialist, 
 but a relentless opponent. 
 
 Professor Whitney's method was usually a revelation 
 and an inspiration to his pupils. It was the method 
 under wdiich alone so comprehensive and masterful a 
 mind as his, relatively unfired l^y imagination, must 
 work, if it works at all, after the process of mere 
 accpiisition is complete, — the method of a Boeckh or 
 a Darwin. It insisted upon the full accumulation of 
 facts, and discouraged inference until inference could no 
 more be deferred. Most of his pupils, before coming to 
 him, had not risen above the idea of simple acquisition, 
 and there was nothing organic even in their acquisition. 
 It was agglutinative. Acquisition under his guidance 
 had to be thorough and complete, and he slmnned no 
 dreariest monotony in enforcing it. But underneath 
 the patience and serenity with which he sought to 
 secure this with his pupils there lurked plainly, not 
 exactly contempt for the mere acquisition or the process 
 of acquisition, but the feeling that as means to an end 
 it must not be suffered to eclipse the end. That end, 
 
40 TTTE WIITTXFA' MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 as it was natural for one to feel who had swept such a 
 A\i(le range of comparative studies, was the reconstruc- 
 tion of a past national life, or of the processes of a 
 long organic development, and the estimate of their 
 part in the great competitive struggle of races and 
 peoples and institutions, in which our ^Dresent civiliza- 
 tion and its complex prol)lems have been evolved. This 
 method was not formall}' taught in set phrase, nor was 
 it soon perceived. Rather, it slowly dawned upon the 
 pupil by participation in the mental processes of the 
 teacher. Once having dawned, the vision never faded. 
 
 In spirit and in method, then. Professor Whitney was 
 clearly Aristotelian rather than Platonic. He was never 
 known to appeal to the emotions or the imagination. 
 His influence discouraged such appeals. It was a natu- 
 ral result, therefore, that those pupils at least who did 
 not come into more intimate and e\en confidential rela- 
 tions with him, felt that he was lacking somewhat on 
 the side of esthetic literary discrimination. It is not 
 improbable that the long protraction and rigid main- 
 tenance of the severely scientific side of his studies 
 tended to produce in him, as in Darwin, more or less 
 atrophy of certain senses which had at an earlier period 
 been strong. 
 
 The example of Professor Whitney's career gave all 
 his pupils a -lofty ideal, and most of them a new ideal. 
 The old ideal of an academic instructor in the classics 
 was that of a genial man, of good literar}- form, who 
 had acquired enough to teach what was required of him 
 in a stimvdating way, without much reference to any- 
 thing beyond the formation of a good literary taste and 
 
PROFESSOR PERRIN'S ADDRESS. 41 
 
 style in the pupil. This may Avell be still the collegiate 
 ideal. But no true university work can be done until 
 both instructor and pupil coine under the influence of 
 the larger ideal, the historical ideaL Language, litera- 
 ture, and institutions must all be studied as exponents 
 of a great national life, in fierce contest for supremacy 
 with other great national lives. It was the manifest 
 desire in Professor Whitney to bring the national life 
 and thought of India into fair comparison with those of 
 the two great j)eoples of Greece and Rome, which most 
 impressed those of his pupils who were classical philol- 
 ogists. And the fact that it was his privilege and his 
 glory to do pioneer work in this comparatively new field, 
 the fact that he was known to be an honored co-laborer 
 with the best powers of England and the Continent in 
 making the intellectual and religious life of a great 
 ancient people, and the more obscure steps in the evo- 
 lution of the greatest institutions of human society 
 accessible to modern thought, — these facts not only 
 increased the confidence and pride of his pujDils in him, 
 but opened their eyes to the essential solidarity of the 
 highest intellectual life and effort of the present day, — 
 to the internationality of the highest science. Helle- 
 nists, Latinists, and linguists of every sort, and even 
 historical students in the more restricted sense, all over 
 this country and Europe, are now laboring each in his 
 chosen field, with a more equable spirit, a broader 
 method, and a loftier ideal, because they have caught 
 them all, directly or indirectly, from the master whose 
 memory we honor. 
 
WHITNEY'S PEESONALITY.i 
 
 By professor J. IRVING MANATT, 
 
 Of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 
 
 A T this hour, and after these comprehensive and 
 S3aiipathetic studies, I venture but a word about 
 the Master's personahty. 
 
 Of his wide and deep learning, his multifarious and 
 fruitful labors, the world is well aware ; it cannot know 
 so w^ell the power he was for guidance and inspiration 
 to his immediate disciples. Other men there were, as 
 learned and as prolific, who kindled no altar-fire, who 
 set no torch-runners on the way. Among them may 
 liaA'e been more brilliant men; but often their own 
 torches went out loefore their day was done. In the 
 quiet study under the New Haven elms the altar- 
 fire burned brightly to the last, and the torches 
 kindled there have lighted other altar-fires throughout 
 the land. 
 
 The secret of this enduring influence is to be sought 
 in Whitney's individuality ; it is a secret of character. 
 His was, indeed, an opportunity ; he came in the fulness 
 of time to find a new world waiting to be won for a 
 new science ; but the opportunity opened alike to all 
 his generation. He alone measured up to it and mas- 
 
 1 This address was imwTitten and not reported ; but is here repro- 
 duced in spirit and substance. 
 
44 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 tered it. He laid his hand upon it, and it became 
 achievement. 
 
 This he did through his absohite devotion, his single- 
 ness of purpose. He never sought his own ; he never 
 spared or coddled himself. If any man ever forgot 
 himself in the service of Science, it was Whitney. To 
 him Truth was the one goal ; and he pursued it with a 
 simplicity and sincerity rarely realized even in a reli- 
 gious consecration. It was this that made his work so 
 genuine. His feet were always planted on solid ground, 
 even when his thought touched the stars. 
 
 He found two philologies, — one afloat in clouds, the 
 other chained in her cave. More than any other man 
 of his time, he had the mind to precipitate the one 
 and to deliver the other. The cave-dweller he headed 
 toward the light, and he undergirded airy speculation 
 with ponderable substance. Of all men, he it was who 
 made ours an liistorical science, rooted in reality. 
 
 Tlie lesson of his life is sincerity. To us who 
 knew him, he stands for absolute intellectual integrity. 
 To seek the truth and speak the truth was a necessity 
 of his constitution. He never thought of lions in the 
 way, but it was just as well for lions to get out of 
 the way. He never roared, but on occasion there was 
 that in his still, small voice to make the pretender trem- 
 ble. This impression of sternness somethues made by 
 his righteous judgments may justify a more intimate 
 word. 
 
 To one pupil, at least, — and one as little deserving as 
 any, — he was the incarnation of benignity. How well 
 I remember my first call upon him just four and twenty 
 
PROFESSOR MANATT'S ADDRESS. 45 
 
 years ago, — the first great man I had ever met, and to 
 this day the greatest man I have ever known. 1 came 
 to him with my burden of provincial bashfiihiess and 
 awe ; but how soon the feeling vanished in his kindly 
 human presence ! He gave the impression of as real a 
 diffidence as my own ; and from that monu'iit, through 
 more than three years of study with him, — much of the 
 time alone with him alone, — his patience, kindness, gen- 
 erosity never failed. It went beyond all official obliga- 
 tions and courtesies ; it concerned itself not only Avith 
 the student, but with the man, and became a sort of 
 providence, which ke^^t on opening ways and smoothing 
 paths for me as long as he lived. If this were merely 
 an individual experience, I should speak of it with yet 
 greater hesitation; but I believe it is typical. While 
 we were with him, he was the masterfid yet sympa- 
 thetic teacher, magnifying that office in our eyes with 
 a supreme fidelity ; and ever since, he has followed us 
 with his beneficence and his affection. 
 
 Northampton bred many great preachers, but hardly 
 another son whose life made more potently for righteous- 
 ness ; and at the last, in the serene beauty of his age. 
 Heaven seemed to have set its halo on his head. Had 
 the angel gone about New Haven in those days seeking 
 a fit subject for the aureole, he could hardly have sin- 
 gled out any other than William Dwight Whitney. 
 
ADDRESS. 
 
 By WILLIAM HAYES WAKD, D.D., LL.D., 
 
 Of New York C'Uij. 
 
 T DO not understand that I am desired to provide a 
 ^ biographical sketch of Professor Whitney. That 
 has been the grateful task for those who were in more 
 constant and intimate connection with liim. Neither 
 am I asked to supply a critical review of his scholarly 
 acquisitions and philological productions. That is a 
 service to us which would require the technical knowl- 
 edge of one of his favored pupils. I was not an inti- 
 mate friend of Professor Whitney, nor was he my 
 teacher. I seldom met him except at the spring and 
 fall meetings of the American Oriental Society, where 
 he was the one to whom all looked up as leader and 
 master. He had been a member of this Society nearly 
 twenty years before I became a member ; but the meet- 
 ings of these last twenty-five years, with the occasional 
 call on him since his resignation, to discuss the interests 
 of the Society, gave me some knowledge of, and admu*a- 
 tion for, the man, although my own ignorance of the spe- 
 cial branch of philology which he made his own leaves 
 me incompetent to say what many of you coidd well say. 
 It is only my own long connection with the American 
 Oriental Society, and the sense of the obligation I am 
 under to his personal kindness, that make me unwilling 
 
48 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 to decline the request in behalf of all of us, to scatter 
 now, in the mellowing year, the leaves and the ripened 
 berries of laurel, brown myrtle, and ever green ivy, over 
 the grave of him who was the master not of his pupils 
 only, but of all American scholarship, and whom, de- 
 parted, we yet look up to as its genius, shall 1 not say 
 its guiding, its protecting spirit ? 
 
 Our first tribute is due to Professor Whitney as the 
 most active and faithful memljer and officer of the 
 American Oriental Society. He became a member in 
 1850, while a graduate student m Yale College, with 
 Professor Hadley, under Professor Salisbury, the same 
 year that he went to Germany to pursue the study of 
 Sanskrit with Weber and Roth. On his return in 1853 
 he accepted a professorship especially secured for him 
 by the wise provision and generosity of Professor Salis- 
 bury, who particularly desired his assistance in develop- 
 ing the usefulness of the Oriental Society, of which he 
 was Corresponding Secretary. And accordingly his name 
 appears on the Publication Committee for 1853-54, and 
 in 1855 he was made Librarian. He found the books 
 lying in a corner in a room in the Boston Athenaeum, 
 where they seemed to have been dumped, brought them 
 to New Haven, and did no small amount of tedious work 
 in arranging and cataloguing them and providing for 
 their increase. In 1857 he succeeded Prof essor Salisbury 
 as Corresponding Secretary, and in 1884 he was made 
 President, — an office which he held until his enfeebled 
 health compelled him to resign in 1890. During the 
 years from 1853 until 1886 he was never absent from a 
 meeting when he was in the country, and for a series of 
 
DR. WAllD'S ADDRESS. 49 
 
 years his contributions composed half, and far the most 
 import-iint half, of the Society's publications. Indeed, we 
 could almost say, and Avere glad to say, that the Society 
 ivas William D. Whitney. It came with him to the 
 Annual Meeting in Boston, and went back with him 
 on his return. He put most distinctly his impress 
 on the Society. He taught it the methods of critical 
 jDhilological science ; and as an object lesson in that kind 
 of research he presented his own work, and that of his 
 pupils, in the study of Sanskrit. The Philological Asso- 
 ciation was later founded, inheriting the field of the 
 classical section of the Oriental Society, and Professor 
 Whitney was elected its first president in 1869. And 
 his influence, coupled with that of Professors Goodwin 
 and Hadley in the classical field, and of Professor March 
 in Anglo-Saxon and Modern Languages, was of the 
 most far-reaching importance in directing the activity 
 and moulding the character of the young Association. 
 
 I suppose that what we may, without thereby identi- 
 fying ourselves with either opposing camp of Material- 
 ists or Spiritualists, call the physical substratum of 
 genius, its large and finely textured or convoluted 
 brain, is given by Nature, and no study will make a 
 great scholar out of one on whose endowment niggardly 
 Nature has frowned. But Nature w\as in a gracious 
 mood when she moulded the brain of the infant 
 Whitney. Mr. Galton tells us that classic Greece bred 
 men of genius more lavishly than has any other country 
 at any time in the world's history. Some favored fami- 
 lies have extraordinary endowments. The Whitney 
 family was a remarkable one, although I need speak 
 
50 'J'HE WIirrXKY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 here onh' oi the two older Ijrothers, Josiah Dwight, the 
 famous geologist, and our own William Dwight, the phil- 
 ologist, of whom it is a curious fact that the geologist 
 brother attended Sanskrit lectures in Berlin, while the 
 younger philologist, on graduating from Williams Col- 
 lege at the age of eighteen, with the ^'aledictory rank, 
 began collecting l)ir(ls and plants, and soon after was 
 taken by his eminent brother as his assistant on a United 
 States Geological Survey of the Lake Superior region, 
 having charge of the botany and barometrical observa- 
 tions. It was about this time that he found some San- 
 skrit books in his Ijrotlier's liljrary, and his attention 
 was first directed to what was to proA^e the main })ursuit 
 of his life. The geologist came very near turning out 
 a philologist, while it was a narrow chance which i)re- 
 vented the philologist from l^ecoming an authority in 
 geology or biology. 
 
 When Nature has given a man the mind-stuff, it 
 makes all the difference in the world how he develops it. 
 I douljt very much if tastes or aptitudes for specific 
 lines of study are inherited. I think they rather come 
 from training. They are the result of the influences by 
 which we are environed, or of the drift of study into 
 which we fall. It was no injur}" to the boy graduate of 
 Williams College that he had acquired no special tastes. 
 He had a powerful and alert mind, and everything was 
 meat and drink to it. In everj'thing he excelled. In 
 these days of early specialization we may not err in 
 directing the ordinaril}' bright mind, from which we 
 expect useful second-class work, into fields where mten- 
 sity is cultivated at the expense of extension ; but this is 
 
DR. AVAKD'S ADDRESS. 51 
 
 no benefit to a mind of the first order, — a mind whicli 
 can co-ordinate. Such a mind can attord to create for 
 its acquirements the widest base, and to wait long before 
 it takes extreme excursions in any single direction. 
 Such a mind can profitably learn nnicli of what the 
 Avorld knows on many diverse subjects before it selects 
 one to be made a life's field of labor. Nowadays we 
 are m danger of making narrow men when we make 
 learned men. Of all men a specialist needs to be a 
 broad man ; but how can he be a broad man if he de- 
 votes himself to his specialty early in his course of study ? 
 The profound scholar is not the one who will laugh at 
 the scheme outlined by John Milton in his Letter to Mas- 
 ter Hartlib on Education. Its wonderful breadth is the 
 record of nothing more than what Milton himself did as 
 a youth, in school and college and at Horton ; and for 
 all that wonderful breadth of learning which covered 
 all that all languages could then give him, he found use 
 when, comparatively late in life, he entered on the im- 
 mense political and literary tasks which no man in 
 England but him was trained to accomplish. But, as he 
 reminds Master Hartlib, that is a bow wdiich not every 
 man can draw. That universal breadth of training and 
 that late coming into his kingdom is peculiarly impor- 
 tant, not for the drudges, in the second and third rank, 
 but for the master, in the first. The carpenter may 
 begin early to hew to the line ; but the architect or the 
 engineer must spend many years over many thmgs 
 before he is master of his profession. 
 
 At last, after securing the first rank in college in the 
 days when there were no electives, after a time given to 
 
52 THE WIHTXEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 business, and then to botany, zoology, and geology, the 
 new study of Sanskrit attracted him, and he Avent to 
 New Haven to be a pupil of Professor Salisbury, the 
 only professor of Sanskrit and Arabic in the United 
 States, and who still survives in a venerable and hon- 
 ored old age. But I am not following him to Germany 
 and back. I only want here to recall that as a philolo- 
 gist he Avas not a mere Sanskritist, and nothing else. 
 He not only found all his knowledge helpful to his study 
 of philology, but the breadth of his training and the 
 variety of his discipline gave him soundness of judgment 
 in the processes of his own peculiar study. I do not 
 simply mean that it was only because he exactly under- 
 stood the mathematics that underlies astronomy that he 
 was competent to undertake the editing of a Sanskrit 
 astronomical treatise, but rather that the bent and dis- 
 cipline which a mind gets in one study fits it better 
 to reach sure conclusions in another. The mind trained 
 to the severe methods of observation of actual facts 
 in biological science could not help, for example, seeing 
 the absurdity of following the unscientific traditions 
 of Hindu grammarians. He could do nothing else 
 but build his Sanskrit grammar out of the observed 
 facts in the language of the Vedas and the later writ- 
 ings, throwing all the traditions overboard, and that, 
 too, notwithstanding he was a proficient student of the 
 native grammarians. He did not put botany or geology 
 into his grammar, but he was the first to prepare a 
 grammar on methods as purely scientific, as absolutely 
 based on observation of facts of language and observed 
 phonetic laws, as those he had first learned to employ 
 
I)K. WARD'S ADDRESS. 53 
 
 in the studies of natural science. I do not ask otliei's 
 to shoot with his bow, but for a man wlio is to break 
 paths, to be the engineer of our highway, no breadth of 
 culture or extent of attainment can be useless; nothing- 
 less than the greatest is safe. Accordingly, we are not 
 surprised that even in his own field of philology he had 
 wider interests than those of the whole Indo-European 
 family even ; that in the beginning of his service at Yale 
 College, he offered instruction in Egyptian as well as 
 Sanskrit. 
 
 Ma}' I not perhaps connect with this same breadth of 
 training the remarkable exactness of his knowledge and 
 the soundness of his judgment ? He had a contempt 
 for uncertainty where certainty was attainable, and per- 
 haps a greater contempt for certainty where it was 
 unattainaljle. He demanded the exact facts, as they 
 were observed and measured and counted. For hasty 
 conclusions and generalizations he had no patience. If 
 he was ever lacking in suavity, it was toward the sound- 
 ing pronouncements and brilliant charlatanisms of a 
 really able scholar. His keen mind took in all the 
 facts and sought out their philosophy, and was not to 
 be misled by eloquent sophistry to accept conjecture for 
 ascertained truth. He was our soundest teacher on the 
 philosophy of language. At the same time, while thus 
 careful, he was not slow, neither did he allow any fini- 
 cal nicety to prevent him from being a prolific author. 
 We have observed the contrary dangers of a hasty man, 
 fertile in suggestion, quick to enter new fields, publish- 
 ing his undigested studies, often to the advantage of 
 others and his own discredit ; and the opposite error of a 
 
54 THE WIUTXEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 scholar so careful never to be wrong that he never tells 
 the world anything. Mr. Whitney avoided both errors. 
 Who was more careful than he ? And how large and 
 numerous are his published writings ! 
 
 On one other jjoint m Professor Whitney's character 
 I wish briefly to speak ; I mean his transparent simpli- 
 city. Naturalness may be treated as a negative quality, 
 the absence of show and pretence ; but it is a positive 
 quality, nevertheless, just as the whiteness of light is 
 something more than the absence of color. I sup- 
 pose that simplicity, unconsciousness, is the mark of a 
 great scholar anywhere, and that every great college 
 can boast of men as simple as they have been great. 
 But it seems to me that Yale College has been fortunate 
 in having had, during the last forty years, three men 
 singularly great in special scholarship, yet all very wide 
 in their attainments, and all notably simple and unaf- 
 fected. I mean President Woolsey, Professor Hadley, 
 and Professor Whitne3^ It is a great thing for the trtv 
 ditions of a college, for the influence exerted on its suc- 
 cessive classes of students, to have such men as their 
 models, as the objects of their admiration. No one 
 could meet Professor Whitney without observing the 
 beauty of his simple Doric strength, which allowed no 
 acanthus decorations to solicit the notice of observers. 
 
 Perhaps Ave may best appreciate what we owe to Pro- 
 fessor Whitney, if we try to imagine our American 
 scholarsliip deprived of all that came through him. I 
 do not deny that it might have come through others, in 
 time ; but through him it did come, and through others 
 it would have come later. His special impulse was 
 
DR. WARD'S ADDRESS. 55 
 
 needed. Only two students, Whitney and Hadley, liad 
 ever sought instruction in Sanskrit from the Professor 
 of Arabic and Sanskrit during the dozen years he held 
 the chair before the accession of Professor Whitney. 
 Whitney was the lirst American Sanskrit scholar to 
 exploit the whole broad field of Indo-EuroiDean philology, 
 or indeed any field of comparative philology ; for up to 
 that time — only forty odd years ago — there was no 
 Semitic comparative philology. Let it then be remem- 
 bered that it is no exaggeration, no figure of speech, 
 which calls him, who has so lately left us, yet lacking 
 three years of a man's allotted threescore and ten, tlie 
 Father of American Philological Science. Every one of 
 the Sanskritists of this country, — and a great school it 
 has been, if a young one, — Avery, Bloomfield, Buck, 
 Edgren, Hopkins, Jackson, Lanman, Oertel, Perry, and 
 a dozen others that deserve mention, may fairly claim to 
 have been his pupils, either because they received his 
 instructions in his lecture-room, or else because of the 
 potent personal influence which he exerted upon their 
 studies and work, albeit they had not belonged to that 
 more favored circle. And to these pupils should be 
 added others, men like Harper, Perrin, Peters, Tarbell, 
 Wright, who learned from him the methods which they 
 have since employed in other fields of philology than 
 Sanskrit. His impulse, given specially to Aryan studies, 
 has reacted even on Semitic, through his pupils ; and all 
 our students of human language, of whatever famil}^, 
 have felt his power. 
 
 Scholarship moves like the tides of the sea. It is 
 started by some great celestial attraction, some force 
 
56 THE AviiiTXFA' :\ik:morial meettxg. 
 
 moving in an ecliptic high above the level world of let- 
 ters ; and with gathering strength it comes to its flood. 
 Such a force was Professor Agassiz, who was master to' 
 the whole school of young American biologists. We can 
 never sutticiently recognize the debt we owe to that Swiss 
 naturalist through whom we learned how to ol^serve 
 the facts of life and discover its laws. What Harvard 
 did for the science of life in America through Agassiz, 
 Yale did for Indo-European philology through Whitney. 
 These men created epochs in our learned world, — such 
 epochs as we have not since seen paralleled by any one 
 man, and only l)y the establishment of Johns Hopkins 
 University, with its grand provision for post-graduate 
 instruction. These great epochs and epoch-making men 
 and institutions we need to keep in mind in all their 
 commanding grandeur if we will understand aright the 
 history of learning. 
 
 Professor Whitney, who tiu^ned the tide of American 
 pliilology so completely toward Indo-European studies, 
 lived long enough to rejoice in the later renaissance of 
 Semitic studies under the lead of his friend Hall, his 
 pupil Harper, and Dr. Haupt, called to the head of the 
 Semitic department at Johns Hopkins. Those of ns 
 wdio were interested in these studies he encouraged to 
 earnest labor, and warned against hasty conclusions. 
 To him all deferred as their wisest leader and friend. 
 Who can follow him, with such creative abilities, such 
 power of mind, such purity of soul, such simplicity 
 of character, such scorn for the pretentious and the in- 
 exact, such l)readth of learning, such balance of judg- 
 ment, such modest strength ? 
 
CONCLUDING ADDRESS. 
 
 By president DANIEL COIT GILMAN, 
 
 Of the Johns Hopkins UniversUij, Baltimore, Maryland. 
 
 A ND now there is but one note more to be uttered 
 
 in this assembly, — a word of friendship, which 
 
 must be free from exaggeration, or it will not suit the 
 
 character of Professor Whitney, — which must be warm 
 
 and glowing, or it will not suit ourselves. 
 
 Tliis tribute of affection and gratitude comes from 
 one who was a friend of Whitney for more than forty 
 years, — for a time an intimate friend, — who knew 
 how he entered the various phases of sorrow and of joy 
 in early, middle, and later life ; who used to meet him 
 daily in the household, upon long walks, in the college 
 faculty, in hours of quiet study, or in the presence of 
 learned men, where even in his youth, among the fore- 
 most, Whitney stood the first. It is a pleasure to have 
 dwelt within the influence of an intellect so strong, a 
 moral nature so pure, and a life so full of fruit. Can 
 we discover the secret of such a character ? 
 
 From what others have already said, it is clear that 
 Professor AYliitney, whose lineage and environment were 
 of the best, was born with rare endowments, and that he 
 grew to manhood in the school of Duty, " Stern Daughter 
 of the Voice of God." But this is not all. In the train- 
 ing of his head, his heart, his hands, — his Will was not 
 neglected. It was strengthened by precept and habit. 
 
58 TlIK WIirrXKY .AIEMOrxIAL MEETING. 
 
 As life advanced, in face of laljors, difficulties, inter- 
 ruptions, and discouragements, — in face of honors and 
 applause, that Will grew stronger and more victorious. 
 It conquered the love of ease, of money, of praise ; it 
 conquered selfishness ; and finally, a supreme victory, 
 it conquered the pahi of enforced seclusion, of bodily 
 weakness, and prolonged ill-health. It only yielded to 
 that conqueror whose voice all men obey. 
 
 Whitney was always modest, sometimes diffident, 
 yet never timid, never shrinking from the duties that 
 were thrown upon him. For the place of a presiding 
 officer, or of an extemporaneous speaker, or even of an 
 academic lecturer, he had no predilection. When he 
 came to the front, it was to bring an offering well pre- 
 pared. He never sought greetings in the market-place 
 nor high seats in the synagogue. Notoriety gave liim 
 no pleasure. Recognition was doubtless grateful to 
 him, but it was never sought. He did not try to sur- 
 pass another in fame or rank ; he did not even try to 
 surpass himself. The quiet assurance that what he 
 produced was true and fresh and of importance, gave 
 him the tone of authority in every company where his 
 voice was heard ; but he never exacted tribute, nor 
 sought j)recedence. Honors fell upon him. In early 
 life they were stimulating, in later days rewarding ; ]3ut 
 their value Avas never impaired by the regret that they 
 had been solicited. He talked but little of that which 
 he had written or accomplished, and still less of the 
 laurels he had won, content that his papers should 
 naturally find their way among scholars and be received 
 at their true value. 
 
rilESlDEXT GILMAN'8 ADDRESS. 59 
 
 Many distingiii.shed men belonged to the Oriental 
 Society when Whitney began to take part in its pro- 
 ceedings. ^ Robinson was there, in the renown of his 
 Biblical researches, and Gibbs, the accurate Hebraist; 
 Woolsey, with his early distinction as a teacher of 
 Greek literature, and his later distinction as a student 
 of all the phases of human progress ; Beck, the accom- 
 plished Latinist, and Felton, the true Hellenist -, Abbot, 
 with his remarkable memory and more remarkable acu- 
 men as a textual critic ; and Hadley, sensible, versatile, 
 erudite, and acute. Of those still living, I will name but 
 two, — Day, who suggested to our friend (as Professor 
 Seymour has informed us) the study of Comparative 
 Philology; and SalislDury, who guided Whitney in his 
 incipient study of Sanskrit and then founded the pro- 
 fessorship which enabled him to pursue through life 
 his Oriental researches. Among them all, Whitney 
 would have said, indeed, he did say, that Hadley was 
 " America's best and soundest philologist ; " and Had- 
 ley, we may be sure, would have handed the palm 
 to Whitney. 
 
 A certain consciousness of dignity — one might call 
 it self-appreciation — he maintained, but without dis- 
 play, without haughtiness, without detraction, or, to 
 employ a positive phrase, with a just and discriminat- 
 ing recognition of the worth of others. He had no 
 patience with pretence. Real contributions to knowl- 
 edge, however small, and endeavors for the promotion 
 of science, however inadequate, he welcomed and en- 
 couraged. The youngest scholar, if he was earnest, 
 true, intelligent, and careful, might be sure of help and 
 
GO THE WIIITXEY .AIEMOIUAL MEETING. 
 
 counsel ; Ijut the oldest who was careless or erratic 
 would not escape criticisni. 
 
 He showed in an unusual degree the love of nature. 
 Lonii; walks were his recreation. The fresh air, the 
 ))right skies, the woodlands, tlie hills, the mountains, 
 the procession of wild flowers, the frozen lakes, tlie open 
 sea, instructed and inspired him. If he saw a Ijird, he 
 could imitate its notes ; if he lieard its voice, he could 
 name the singer. Devoted by choice and by profession 
 to literary pursuits, to the study of the speech and the 
 history of mankind, he maintained a lively interest in 
 the progress of })hysical science. More than once, for 
 example, he took a part in important geological sur- 
 veys. It is even more notew^orthy that when the Shef- 
 field Scientific School at New Haven, a department of 
 Yale College, was an infant, he watched over its cradle, 
 surpassed in devotion by only one of his colleagues, still 
 engaged in that work. His instructions in Prench and 
 German were there given for some twenty years. In 
 the organization and development of this new depart- 
 ment in an old university, his counsels were wise and 
 constant ; wdiile others were in doubt or opposition, he 
 was ready from the first to support openly and heartily 
 the introduction of modern methods and of modern sub- 
 jects in the courses of a liberal education. 
 
 He had a sensitive ear, as w^ell as a discernino; eve. 
 This interested him in phonetics, and enabled him to 
 become an exact and discriminating reproducer of the 
 sounds of his own and of foreign tongues. The apti- 
 tudes which made him love the music of the woods and 
 groves led him to take part in the music of the house- 
 
PRESIDEXT CilLMAN'S ADDRESS. 61 
 
 hold, the church, and the concert-room. His apprecia- 
 tion of simple melodies heightened his enjoyment of the 
 master-pieces of great composers, whose Oratorios and 
 83'niphonies were to him like familiar poems. The 
 oftener he heard them, the greater his pleasure. 
 
 To those who knew him at a distance, and perhaps 
 through his writings only, he sometimes seemed severe. 
 He was certainly as fearless in the expression of liis 
 criticism as he was just in his standards. He disliked 
 — it is not too strong to say that he hated — to see 
 what he believed to be the truth covered up, or dis- 
 torted, or neglected. In such a mood, he was not 
 conscious how strong some of the expressions which 
 he employed (lamenting, perhaps, their inadequacy), 
 would appear to those who were used to genial criti- 
 cism, and afraid of athletic discussions. But, in truth, 
 our friend was as kind as he was just. He harbored 
 no personal resentments ; and I am sure that in all the 
 controversies of a scientific character in which he was 
 engaged, earnestness for the presentation of the truth 
 was his impelling force. The effort to be conciliatory 
 in tone, when he was censorious in fact, is often obvious 
 in his published criticisms. 
 
 The amount of work accomplished by Professor Whit- 
 ney in the class-room of midergraduates, in the guidance 
 of advanced students, in the editing of Sanskrit texts, 
 in the writing of papers for the Oriental and Philologi- 
 cal societies, in contributions to current periodicals, in 
 the collection of material for the St. Petersburg Lexi- 
 con, in tlie preparation of school-books, in the revision 
 of Webster's Dictionary, and long afterwards in the 
 
62 THE WHITNEY MEMORIAL MEETING. 
 
 editorial supervision of the Century Dictionary, in 
 the deUvery of lectures at Boston, Washington, BaUi- 
 niore, and elsewhere, — all this work, performed with- 
 out hurry, and for the most part without nervous 
 irritation or undue fatigue, seemed to Ije the conse- 
 quence, not so much of unusual facilit}', as of extraor- 
 dinary industry, and still more extraordinary economy 
 in the direction of his intellectual resources. All his 
 efforts told. They were not often wasted upon the 
 trivial. Hence the permanence of their value. 
 
 I shall not attempt to say, in this public place, what 
 he was as a son, a brother, a husband, a father. The 
 bereavement of his family is too recent and too sacred 
 for us to dwell upon. But I may say what he was as 
 neighbor, colleague, citizen, friend. In these relations 
 he was exemplary. He participated in discussions of 
 educational methods, and in plans for the enlargement 
 and advancement of university courses. The duties of 
 a patriot in the upholding of good government were 
 never slighted. He was outspoken in his comments 
 upon public affairs. He lent a hand to the promotion 
 of the general welfare. He took an open though not 
 an active part in politics. Among those who lived 
 near him, he Avas sympathetic in trouble ; in perplexi- 
 ties he Avas wise. In the welfare and preferment of 
 his pupils, associates, and correspondents he was always 
 interested. 
 
 The essential honesty of his nature is, after all, its 
 croAvning excellence. This underlies the accuracy of 
 his knowledge, the certainty of his judgments, the fear- 
 less utterance of his opinions. Truth, with him, was an 
 
PRESIDENT OILMAN'S ADDRESS. 63 
 
 intellectual as well as a moral virtue. Vagueness of 
 expression, uncertainty of that which might be defi- 
 nitely known, neglect of the proper sources of infor- 
 mation, the saying more or less than was strictly true 
 in order " to serve a purpose," were faults to which he 
 was not exposed. Integrity ruled his life. 
 
 The biographer of Isaac Casaubon said of him: "The 
 scholar is greater than his books. The result of his 
 labors is not so many thousand pages, but himself." 
 So we say of our friend, " The result of his labors is 
 not so many thousand pages, Ijut himself," — an ex- 
 ample, a guide, an inspiration to the younger scholars 
 of this country who now and henceforward proclaim 
 him Master, 
 
 For many years I have seen but little of Professor 
 Wliitney. Our homes have been far apart, and our 
 vacations have not brought us together. He has re- 
 cently been kept away from the meetings of the Ameri- 
 can Oriental Society, which owes to him so much of its 
 reputation. But the impressions of his personality I 
 find as strong as if it were but yesterday when I watched 
 with admiration, and when I saw many others watch, 
 admire, and emulate, his virtues. Love of nature, a 
 vigorous and disciplined will, simplicity, industr}^, self- 
 f orgetfulness, loving-kindness, integrity, reverence, — 
 these are the characteristics which, in spite of the re- 
 serve of a recluse, are now recognized as his by a gen- 
 eration of scholars, who delight to say "we were friends 
 and pupils of William D wight Whitney." 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 OEIGIXAL TEXT OF THE LETTEES FEOM FOEEIGX 
 SCHOLAES CONCEENING PEOFESSOE WHITNEY. 
 
 [The letters from Ascoli, J3real, Brugniauu, Henry, Leskieu, and Miiller were 
 addressed to Professor H. W. Smyth, the Secretary of the American Philo- 
 logical Association; and the rest to Professor E. D. Perry, then the Corre- 
 sponding Secretary of the American Oriental Society. The Editor desires 
 to express his thanks to Messrs. Perry and Smyth for making from the 
 originals suitable transcripts for the printer.] 
 
 1. From Gkaziadio I. Ascoli, Professor of Comparative Phi- 
 lology at the Hoyal Scientific-Literary Academy of Milan, 
 Italy, Member of the Regia Accademia del Lincei in Home. 
 
 Roma, 9 dicembre 1S94. 
 
 Mio EGREGIO SiGNORE, — Molto riiigrazio la Signoria Vostra 
 deir invito die mi rivolge, in nome dell' onorevole Comitato, di 
 esprimere il mio sentimento siill' opera del compianto profes- 
 sore Whitney, in quanto essa ha versato nel campo della filo- 
 logia comparativa. 
 
 Xeir attivita di Whitney non h facile separare il glottologo 
 dair indianista. La esplorazione storica della parola appariva 
 in Lui come una funzione istintiva ; e pur quando Egli sem- 
 brava limitarsi alia sola parola dell' India, virtualmente giovava 
 alia storia del linguaggio indoeuropeo tutt' intiero. 
 
 Ma la parte ch' Egli ebbe nella diffusione e nell' incremento 
 degli studj glottologici, h stata grande davvero. Li ha Egli 
 trapiantati nel Nuovo Mondo, e, con 1' insegnamento e col- 
 r esempio, ve li lia portati a una floridezza e a un' altezza, onde 
 ne riverberasse nuova luce alia vecchia Europa. 
 
G8 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 L' inKefino aveva sobrio e cauto, ma atto insieiue all' investi- 
 gazione piii estesa. Aveva scliietto il peiisiero come 1' animo, 
 e la sincerita e il rigore della Sua iudagiiie si ritiettevano in una 
 esposi/ioiiu lucidissima e faconda. Lo studio delle questioni 
 pill compreusive iiitonio alle scaturigiiii e alia vita del liuguag- 
 gio lion lo ha inai costretto a cascare iiell' astruso ; e i piu aidui 
 particolari della evoluzione storica, miiabilmente da Lui intesi 
 e sviluppati, non lo lianno mai poitato a congetture piu o meno 
 fantasticlie. Senza mai riuscir superticiale, scrivcva sempre 
 con una facilita, clie insieme attraeva e persuadeva i dotti e 
 gl' indotti. 
 
 lo personalmente gli devo.il piu valido incoraggiamento di 
 cui la mia povera carriera mai si sia rallegrata. E cos'i avviene 
 die anclie un particolar sentimento di riconoscenza accresca la 
 commozione clie mi assale dinanzi alia Sua memoria venerata. 
 
 Yoglia accettare la Signoria Vostra, per sfe e per 1' intiero 
 Coraitato, 1' espressione della molta mia osservanza. 
 
 Prof. G. I. AscoLi. 
 
 2. From Aucuste Barth, Member of the French Institute (Aca- 
 deinie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), Paris. 
 
 Paris, le ler Decenibre 1894. 
 
 Monsieur le Secretaire, — Dans une notice ndcrologique 
 envoyde an Journal Asiatique de Paris, j'ai ddja essayd, an len- 
 demain meme de la triste nouvelle, d'exprimer la profonde doii- 
 leur qii'a eveillde parini nous I'annonce si pen prdvue de la 
 mort de William Dwiglit Wliitney, et, en donnant un aperqu 
 de ses nombreux travaiix, de rappeler quelle reconnaissance 
 nous devons tons a sa mdmoire. Aussi est-ce avec empresse- 
 ment que je saisis aujourd'liui I'occasion si gracieusement offerte 
 de m'associer pour mon humble part h I'hommage solennel que 
 les savants de I'Amdrique vont rendre a leur illustre et regrettd 
 compatriote. 
 
 Je le fais d'autant plus volontiers que cela ne m'oblige pas 
 a me rdpdter et que je ponrrai etre bref. Car quelqne grande 
 
ASCOLI. BARTII. 69 
 
 que soit loeuvre de Whitney, dont les travaux relatifs a I'lnde 
 lie sont qu'une partie, elle se laisse, mieux })eut-etre que celle 
 d'aucuu de ses ^uiules, caractt^riser dans les liniites forc^ment 
 (itioites d'uiie simple lettre. 
 
 L'ne these soutenue par Whitney peut, en effet, tuujours etre 
 r^sum^e en pen de mots. Non qu'il en supprime ou en d^guise 
 aitiHciellement la complication ; iiiais parce qu'il salt a nier- 
 veille la ramener a ses termes essentiels. Nul n'a plus fouilld 
 le detail que lui, et chez nul le d(itail u'est moins encombrant. 
 Ces theses a leur tour s'enchainent, se soutiennent I'une I'autre 
 et se groupent comme d'elles-memes en plusieurs ensembles 
 bien ddtinis. Je dirai plus : bien qu'il n'ait jamais essay^ d'4- 
 tablir entre les diverses parties de son oeuvre des liens factices, 
 je crois qu'oii peut affirmer que cette oeuvre elle-meme forme 
 un tout harmonieux, qu'elle est une non seulement par les 
 mdthodes de recherche et d'exposition, mais pour le fond et par 
 sa genfese intime, et que rien ou presque rieii n'a ^t6 laissd au 
 liasard dans cette carrifere scientitique si bien ordonn^e et si 
 feconde. 
 
 C'est que Whitney, qui n'a peut-etre jamais ^crit une seule 
 page d'histoire proprement dite, a ^t^ avant tout historien, que 
 tout problfeme entre ses mains devient un problfeme historique. 
 C'est la, si je ne m'abuse, ce qui fait I'unitd de cette belle vie. 
 Qu'il s'agisse du Veda, de grammaire ou d'astronomie hindoues, 
 les trois grands domaines entre lesquels se sont partag^s ses 
 travaux d'indianiste, nous le trouvons toujours fermement dta- 
 bli au meme point de vue. D'une part, il nous fournit les 
 matdriaux, des textes admirablement ^labords, ce qui est pro- 
 prement rceu\Te du philologue ; d'autre part, il ne se contente 
 pas de les interpreter : il s'applique aussi et surtout a en pr^- 
 ciser la portde, a les replacer dans leur vrai cadre, a en faire 
 saisir la logique interne, en quoi il fait oeuvre d'historien. Et 
 avec quelle force, quelle clartd, quelle sobriet<^ ! Les faits qui 
 ne sont que des faits, il ne les dddaigne pas, sans doute, et nul 
 n'a du en remuer et noter plus que lui dans ses minutieuses 
 enqu§tes; mais il les retient soigneusement dans ses cartons 
 d'(^tude. II ne nous prdsente que ceux qui lui out livrd un 
 rapport, une indication significative, aprfes avoir ^t^ soumis (au 
 
70 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 prix de quel patient labeur !) a cette ingdnieuse mdthode sta- 
 tisti([ue a laquelle son nom devrait rester attache, tant elle a 
 dtd fdcoude entre ses mains. Dans tons ses Merits, il serait diffi- 
 cile de trouver la moindre trace d'^rudition sterile, de vain 
 dtalage. On a parfois prdtendu qu'on n'y trouvait pas non plus 
 d'imagination. Si Ton entend par la qu'il s'y trouve peu de 
 choses imaginaires, on a raison. Ce logicien serr^, qui a niontrd 
 tant de fois qu'il savait pousser un argument jusqu'au bout et 
 faire rendre a un fait tout son contenu, dtait, en eil'et, singuliere- 
 ment defiant de I'liypothfese, et il faut convenir aussi que son 
 exposition est de prdfdrence logique et abstraite. Mais on 
 a tort, si Ton entend ainsi lui refuser cette autre sorte d'ima- 
 gination (|ui consiste a posseder parfaitement les choses et a se 
 les reprdsenter fortement. Cette imagination, Whitney en dtait 
 doud au plus haut degrd. II faut avoir, conmie lui, le sens du 
 connu dans toute sa plenitude, pour dprouver de ces scrupules 
 presqu'instinctifs en presence de I'inconnu. De la I'autoritd 
 de Whitney. Ce don de force et de probitd intellectuelle, ad- 
 mirablement unie chez lui a la droiture morale, a donn^ en 
 quelque sorte la trempe a son vaste savoir et a son rare talent, 
 et, sans nul doute, il assurera la durde a ses dcrits. Tel de ses 
 mdmoires sur le Veda, par exemple, n'a que trtjs peu vieilli, bien 
 qu'il date de pres d'un demi-sifecle. On pourra, on pourrait dfes 
 maintenant y ajouter beaucoup ; on n'y trouvera que trfes })eu 
 k effacer. C'est aussi la ce qui, avec sa franchise, a fait de lui 
 un si redoutable poldmiste. Peut-etre a-t-il mis parfois dans 
 ces luttes une vivacitd trop upre. Mais qui oserait s'en plain- 
 dre aujourd'hui? Comme je le disais h. la fin de ma notice, 
 " devant sa fin prdmaturde, il ne pent rester que le souvenir du 
 savant ([ui fnt une des plus belles intelligences de notre dpoque, 
 mieux ([ue cela, qui fut un caract^re, et qui n'a jamais ('crit 
 une ligne qui ne fut I'expression d'une conviction." 
 
 A. Baf.th 
 
 de I'lustitut. 
 
BARTH. VON BOEIITLINGK. 71 
 
 3. From His Excellencij, Otto vox Boehtlingk, Member of the 
 Imijerlal Academy of /Sciences of liusnia, of the Moyal Acad- 
 emy of Sciences of Prussia, of the Royal Saxon Society of 
 Sciences, etc., etc., Leij)sic, Saxony. 
 
 Leipzig, den 14ten November 1894. 
 
 HocHGEEHRTER Herr PROFESSOR, — So eben erhielt ich 
 Ihren liebenswiirdigeu Brief, aus deni ich zu meiner Freude 
 ersehe, dass verscliiedene gelehrte Gesellschaften in America 
 ihren heimgegangenen grossen Gelehrten auf eine wiirdige 
 Weise zu feiern gedenken. Von dem in New York erscheinen- 
 den Journal " The Critic " wurde icli bald nach Whitney's Tode 
 aufsefordert, in ungefahr 100 Worten mein Urtheil liber den 
 Yerstorbenen abzugeben. Ich kam dieser Aufforderung nach, 
 und eine Uebersetzung dieses Urtheils erschien in dem obenge- 
 nannten Journal am 14ten Juli, auf Seite 30. Audi lieute wiisste 
 ich in gedriingter Form, und diese erwartet man doch, nichts 
 Besseres zu sagen. Ich erlaube mu', Ihnen dieses Urtheil mit- 
 zutheilen, und diejenige Stelle zu unterstreichen, die in der 
 englischen Uebersetzung arg missverstanden worden ist. 
 
 " William Dwight Whitney war nach meiner Ueberzeugung 
 einer der vielseitigsten, scharfsinnigsten, griindlichsten und 
 gewissenhaftesten Sanskritisten der Gegenwart. Seine wissen- 
 schaftlichen Leistungen sind so bedeiitend, dass noch die feme 
 Nachwelt sie dankbar benutzen wird. Die zahlreiclien pole- 
 mischen Artikel Whitney's, die seinem ungewiilmlichen Scharf- 
 sinn ihren Ursprung verdanken, sind bisweilen herb, aber im 
 Grossen und Ganzen gerecht. Wer sich von ihnen unangenehm 
 beriihrt fiihlte, mnsste doch schliesslich eingestehen, dass cr 
 diirch sic gefordert worden vmr. Audi idi babe mit dem Yer- 
 storbenen manchen Strauss gehabt, aber nie anfgehiirt den Geg- 
 ner hoch zu aditen und ihn zu meinen Frennden zu ziihlen. Der 
 Heimgang Whitney's ist ein grosser Yerlust fiir die Wissen- 
 schaft : bei seiner Geistesfrische konnte man noch vieles Be- 
 deutende von ihm erwarten. 
 
 Leipzig, den 24fen Jnni 1894. O. BOEHTLTNGK 
 
 50-jahrif^os Elironmitfjlied der American Oriental Society." 
 
 Empfangen Sie, hodigeehrter Herr Professor, die Yersiche- 
 rung meiner ausgezeichnetsten Hochachtung. 
 
 Ihr c;anz ersebener 0. Boehtltxgk. 
 
72 LETTERS FROM FOREIGX SCHOLARS. 
 
 " The Critic's " translation of Boelitliugk's letter of June 24, 
 18U4. Issue of July 14, 1S94. 
 
 " William Dwiglit Whitney was iii my opiuiou one of the most many-sided, 
 disceniiug, thorough, and conscientious Sanscritists of the present time. His 
 contributions to science are so important that eveij distant posterity will use 
 them with grateful recognition. His numerous polemical articles, which found 
 their origin in his uncommonly clear view, are at times rather sharp, but, on 
 the whole, just. Whoever was hurt by his shafts was obliged to acknowledge 
 that the provocation was his own.* I, too. Lave had many a discussion with 
 him, but have never ceased to esteem him highly and to count him among my 
 friends. Whitney's death is a great loss : from his unclouded brain^-e miglit 
 still have expected many important contributions to science." 
 
 4. From Peter von Bkadke, Professor of Sanskrit and Com- 
 paratloe I'h'doloyy, Unirersiti/ of Giessen, Germany. 
 
 GiESSEN, den 29ten November 1894. 
 
 HociiOEEHRTER Herr COLLEGE, — Es ist mir eine liohe Ehre 
 dass Sie micli, iin Nanien ties Koniitees, dazu einladen, an der 
 feierlichen Yersammlung zum elirenden Gedaclitniss William 
 Dwight Wliitneys iui Geiste theilzunehmen. Dass die Wissen- 
 schaft iiber die Greuzen der Lander iind Volker hinaus verbindet 
 und ihre Jiinger sich nah und fern, ob jeder gleich in seiner 
 Sprache redet, anch iiber den Ocean hinweg versteben, wird 
 vielleicht nirgends so oflenbar als auf dem orientalisclien Wis- 
 sensgebiete, dem die Yielen fern bleiben ; und die besonderen 
 Beziehungen, welelie in der indiscben riiilologie und der Sprach- 
 wissenscbaft Ibr und unser Land verkniipfen, Beziehungen, die 
 nicht zuletzt und nicht zum "Wenigsten von dem Verewigten 
 geschaffen und geptlegt worden sind, lassen uns Ibren Verlust 
 als den nnsrigen beklagen. Gott hat dem nun entscblafenen 
 Forscber ein reiches Leben gescbenkt, an Jahren Arbeit und 
 Erfolsren ; und doch ist er mitten aus seiner Arbeit von uns 
 genommen, da wir nocb Grosses von ihm erhofften. Wie der 
 
 * Tlie Italic words arc those of the mistranslation to which Boehtlingk nllndes. 
 
vox BRADKE. BREAL. 73 
 
 Atharva-veda an den Anfiingen seiner wissenscliaftlichen Lauf- 
 bahn stand und seine Mitarbeit an unsereni 'JMiesaurus von 
 diesem Veda ausgegangen ist, so glaubten wir, dass uns seine 
 spiiteren Jahre eine Uebersetzung des Atliarva-veda schenken 
 wiirden. Nun ist er, nach menscliliclieni Meinen vor der Zeit, 
 dahingegangen ; seine Werke und sein Beispiel siiid uns 
 geblieben. Ueber sie niehr zu sagen wiirde mir jetzt und hier 
 nicht ziemen. Ihni leben die Mitstreiter und Freunde seiner 
 jungen Jahre, aus jener Zeit da die indische Pliilologie jung 
 war, und frisch und unbeengt aus dem Vollen heraus ins Grosse 
 schuf ; und was William Dwight Whitney den JUngeren war 
 und ist, das bewahrt in Ihrem Lande ein grosser Kreis von 
 Schiilern und Freunden in treueni Gedenken, und wird es deni 
 weiteren Kreise der trauernden Mitforscher Ijesser und wahrer 
 vermitteln als der Feme es vermochte. So lassen Sie niicli das 
 Gedachtniss Ihres grossen Gelehrten stille ehren. 
 
 Indem icli Sie bitte, meinen Dank fiir die freundliclie Ein- 
 ladung entgegennehmen und vermitteln zu wollen, habe icli 
 die Ehre zu sein 
 
 Mit ausgezeichneter Hochachtung 
 
 Ilir ganz ergebener 
 
 P. VON Bradke. 
 
 5. From Michel Beeal, Member of the French Institute (Acade- 
 mie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres) , Professor of Com- 
 parative Philology in the College de France, Secretary of 
 the Societe de Linguistique, Paris. 
 
 Paris, 12 novemhre 1894. 
 
 MoxsiEUR, — Je vous remercie de m'avoir associd a la stance 
 commemorative que vous vous proposez de tenir en I'honneur 
 de feu M. le Professeur Whitney. S'il m'est impossible d'y 
 assister de ma personne, j'y assisterai en esprit et par la pensde. 
 
 La perte d'un homme tel que Whitney est un deuil pour tons 
 les pays qui savent le prix de la science. On I'a bien vu tout 
 n'cemraent, au mois de septembre, au Congres des Orientalistes, 
 
74 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 a Genfeve, ou son nom a 6t6 mainte fois prononct^, et ou il m'a 
 6t6 doniid de preter ma voix au sentiment de tons. 
 
 A rinstitut de France, dont il dtait Correspondant, sa mort 
 n'a pas dtd moins ddplorde. II sera difficile, pour remplir sa 
 place sur nos listes, de trouver un homme qui r^unisse a ce 
 point les qualit^s du caractfere aux plus beaux dons de I'esprit. 
 
 A la Society de Linguistique de Paris, ou il comptait autant 
 d'admirateurs qu'elle renferme de membres, j'ai ^t^ souvent 
 tdmoin de Tuniverselle considt^ration dont son nom (5tait en- 
 toure. On se plaisait a citer ses opinions, ses apergus, dont la 
 nettet^ ^claire les questions les plus obscures. 
 
 Veuillez dune dire a vos lionorables Confreres que nous 
 prenons, en France, notre part de votre deuil, en meme temps 
 que nous comptons sur les dl^ves formt^s par Wliitney pour 
 continuer le glorieux sillon qu'il a ouvert. 
 
 Je vous prie. Monsieur, de recevoir pour vous et pour vos 
 Collegues I'assurance de mes sentiments tres distingu^s et tres 
 ddvouds. 
 
 Michel Breal 
 
 Membre de I'lnstitut de Prance, Secretaire de la Societe de Linguistique de 
 Paris, Membre de I'Acadeinie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 
 
 6. J^rojn Karl Brugmank, Pmfcssnr of Indn-Eurnpean Phi- 
 lologij, Univeyalty of Leipsic^ Saxony, Member of the Royal 
 Saxon Society of Sciences. 
 
 ZUM GEDACHTNISS W. D. WHTTXEY'S. 
 
 Der an micli ergangenen Aufforderung, zu der dem Andenken 
 Whitney's zu widmcnden Tagung mehrerer amerikanischer 
 Gelelirtengesellscliaften eine Aeusserung von mir dariiber ein- 
 zusenden, welche Stellung dem Verstniliem'n in der Gescliichte 
 der indogermanisclien Spracliforschung anzuw('isen sei, komme 
 icli mit Freuden nach. War doeh in jenen .Tahren, da man im 
 Mutterlanile der Indogermanistik auf eine grlindliche Bevision 
 der Forschungsmethode und auf die Herstellung einer ans;emes- 
 
BRfiAL. BRUGMANN. 75 
 
 senen Wechselwirkimg zwischen Sprachphilosophie imd Special- 
 forscliung drang, inir wie anderen jiingereu Gelehrten Whitney 
 im Streit der Meinungen ein Wegweiser, desseii Zuveiiiissigkeit 
 ausser Frage stand und dessen Winkeu man stets mit reichem 
 Nutzen folgte, iind hat sich mir doch die hohe Meinimg, die ich 
 von Whitney in meinen Lehrjahren gewann, im Lauf der Zeit 
 nur befestigt. So mogen diese anspruchslosen Zeilen vor allem 
 als ein Dankeszoll erscheinen, den ein deutscher Fachgenosse 
 dem heimgegangeuen grossen Gelehrten darbringt. 
 
 Die Fordenmg, welche die indogermanische Sprachwissen- 
 schaft durch Whitney erfahren hat, ist einerseits durch seine 
 Thiitigkeit als Sanskritist, anderseits durch seine Erforschung 
 der Grundfragen des Sprachlebens bedingt. 
 
 Von dem, was Whitney auf dem weiten Felde der indischen 
 Philologie geleistet hat, beriihreu die Sprachwissenschaft am 
 niichsten seine Mitwirkung an dem grossen, von Bohtlingk und 
 Eoth herausgegebenen Petersburger Worterbuch (1852-1875), 
 seine mit Uebersetzung und Commentar versehene Ausgabe des 
 Atharvaveda-Pratigakliya (1862) und des Tnittirlya-Prati^akhya 
 (1871) und seine Sanskrit Grammar (1879) mit dem als beson- 
 deres Buch erschienenen Anhang " Roots, Verb-forms, and 
 Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language" (1885). Das 
 Wichtigste ist die Sanskritgrammatik. In der langen Reilie 
 der Grammatiken, die die europaisch-amerikanische Indologie 
 aufzuweisen hat, ist sie von geradezu epochemachender Bedeu- 
 tung gewesen. Denn sie war die erste, die nicht die Lehren 
 der indischen Nationalgrammatiker, sondern den in den Littera- 
 turwerken vorliegenden, von uns unmittelbar zu beobachtenden 
 Sprachgebrauch zum Fundament der Darstellung machte, urid 
 die erste zugleich, die die Jiltere Sprache, wie sie uns in Veda 
 und Brahmana's entgegentritt, systematisch in die Behandlung 
 einschloss. Liisst nun Whitney hier wie in alien seinen Bei- 
 triigen zur indischen Sprachwissenschaft grundsatzlich die 
 verwandten Sprachen bei Seite, und hat er der traditionellen 
 Methode der Darstellung der indischen Spracherscheinungen 
 Zugestandnisse gemacht, die bisweilen vielleiclit liber das 
 N(')tige und Wiinschenswerte hinausgehen, so sind diese Ar- 
 beiten doch nicht bloss fiir die Indologie von Bedeutunjr, 
 
 s^califok-ax' 
 
76 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 sondem sie haben audi die allgemeinindogermanische Sprach- 
 wissenschaft niclit unerheblich geftirdert und werdeu sie iioch 
 waiter fordern. Icli verweise nur auf die Wiclitigkeit, die 
 gerade die iiltesteu Dialekte des Indisclien fiir den Indoger- 
 nianisten liaben, uud auf den Nutzen, der diesem aus der von 
 "Wliitney gebotenen, auf die iilteren accentuierten Texte sicli 
 stiitzenden Darstellung der Aecentverhaltnisse erwiichst. 
 
 So schuldet die Indogermanistik Whitney, dem Sanskritisten, 
 der ihr ein reiches, philologisch gesichertes Sprachniaterial 
 zuganglich gemacht und zahlreiche Aufgaben zur Bearbeitung 
 unterbreitet hat, grossen Dank. Aber grosseren nocli, wie ich 
 meine, hat sich Whitney durch die Anregungen verchuut, die 
 seine Behandhmg der Principienfragen der Sprachgeschichte 
 den Indogermanisten gegeben hat. Diese Forschungen sind 
 ausser in einer Anzahl von kleineren Abhandkmgen in den 
 beiden Blichern " Language and the Study of Language : Twelve 
 Lectures on the Principles of Linguistic Science" (1867)^ und 
 " Life and Growth of Language " (1875) niedergelegt, die unserm 
 deutschen Publikuni durch geschickte Bearbeitungen von Jolly 
 und Leskien naher gebracht worden sind. 
 
 Es gibt freilich einige angesehene Sprachforscher, die, wie 
 sie flir die allgemeinen Fragen der Sprachwissensohaft wenig 
 iibrig haben, so audi den aus einer Klarlegung der Principien- 
 fragen zu ziehenden methodologischen Gewinn iiberall gering- 
 schatzen. Sie werden niein Urtheil liber den Einfluss, den 
 Whitney's sprachtheoretische Werke auf die indogernianische 
 Sprachforschung ausgeiiljt hat, bemangeln, und so muss ich, 
 ehe ich auf diesen Einfluss naher eingehe, Folgendes voraus- 
 schicken. Ich bin, gleichwie jene Gelehrten, der Ansicht, dass 
 in der Sprachforschung das Beste die natiirliche Begabung, der 
 mehr angeborene als anerzogene glUckliche Instinkt zu Wege 
 bringt. Aber ich meine zugleich, Genie allein tliut's nicht. 
 Audi der Begabteste bedarf, wenn er liber die einzelnen Ereis;- 
 uisse einer Sprachentwicklung speculieren will, einer Kennt- 
 
 ^ Diese Vorlesungen waren hereits im Marz 1864 und in den Monaten Decem- 
 her 1804 und Januar 1865 gohalten worden. Die ersten siehen sind auch unter 
 dem Titel " Lanj^fuajje and its Study with Especial Reference to the Indo- 
 European Family of Language.*!," London 1876, erschienen. 
 
BRUGMANX. 77 
 
 niss des Wesens der Krafte, durch die die geschichtlichen 
 Thatsaclien geschaffen siud. Nur die durch diese allgemeiiiere 
 BilduiiCT ermui'iichte Selbstcontrole und Selbstkritik bewahrt 
 ihn vor den Willkuiiicbkeiteu uud Irrtuinern, denen eine robe 
 Eiiipirie alleiitbalben ausgesetzt ist. Und halt mil- nun jemand 
 entgegen, dass die heutzutage tbatigen ludogermauisten doch so 
 ziemlich alle dieselbe Methode befolgeu und dass VorziigUches 
 in weitem Unifang aucb die leisten, welche die eingebendere 
 und systematische Beschaftigung nut den Gruudfragen von sich 
 weisen und sagen, sie bedlirften von dieser Seite her keiner An- 
 leituner, so antworte ich : nur infolge davon sind diese in ibren 
 Specialuntersucbungen dem Scbicksal, das deu einer allgeniei- 
 neren spracbwissenschaftlichen BikUmg Ermangelnden be- 
 droht, nicbt baufiger verf alien, dass sie die Forscbungsmethode 
 der Andern sich ausserlich — und grosstentheils wohl vollig 
 unbewusst — nachahmend angeeignet haben. So hat denn die 
 Principienforschung audi auf sie heilsamen Eintluss geiibt, nur 
 mittelbar. 
 
 Als Whitney mit seinen principienwissenscbaftlichen Werken 
 hervortrat, war die indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft noch 
 wenicr iilier ibr Heimatland binausCTedrungen. Durch einii^e 
 Deutsche aber, die als Indogermanisten oder, wie man danials 
 noch aUgemein sagte, vergleichende Sprachforscher hobes An- 
 sehen genossen, waren Anscbauungen iiber die menschliche 
 Sprache verbreitet worden, die jedes grlindlicbere Nachdenken 
 iiber die realen Faktoren und die allgemeinen Bedinwungen 
 ihres geschichtlichen Werdens vermissen lassen ; die von W. 
 von Humboldt inaugurierte Sprachphilosophie war in der Hand 
 einiger hervorragenden Indogermanisten nicbt in gliicklicber 
 Pflege. Lag doch freilich audi gerade fiir sie, die in der Er- 
 forsclumg L'ingst vergangener Spracbentwicklungen ibren 
 Schwerpunkt batten, die Gefahr, auf Abwege zu geraten, be- 
 sonders nahe. Sie liessen sich durcli die leeren Abstractionen 
 und Metaphern tauscben, zu denen das schriftlicbe Abbild 
 der Sprache im Verein mit der altiiberlieferten Terminologie 
 der Specialgrammatik ununterbrochen verfiihrt, indem jene, 
 zwischen das Auge des Beobachters und die Dinge selbst sich 
 stellend, die wahre Xatur der Vorgiinffe verschleiern. Zwar bat 
 
78 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 sich von den hervorragenderen deutschen Forschern, die mit 
 spraohtlieoretischen P^rtirterunjfeu vor das Publikuni trateii, 
 einer dauernd von solchen Illusionen frei zu lialten verstauden, 
 Heymann Steinthal. Aber der war zu einseitig riiilosoph, 
 blieb zu einseitig im Allgenieiuen stehen, um in weiterem Um- 
 fang auf die Ddtailforscliung einwirken zu konuen, und er 
 berlicksichtigte audi zu wenig gerade das Moment ini Sprach- 
 leben, auf dessen Klarlegung die Specialforscher vor AUem 
 auszugehen liatten, das Entwickluugsgeschichtliche. Da war 
 denu unter den Indogermanisteu Whitney der erste, der wahr- 
 haft gesunde, von alleni phantastischen und triibenden Schein 
 freie Anschauungen iiljer das Wesen der Sprachgeschiclite dem 
 Publikum vorlegte. 
 
 Diese Ansichten erschienen wohl im Anfang diesem und 
 jenem, der von der Lektiire anderer Werke liber denselben 
 Gegenstand, namentlich von der Lektiire von Max Miiller's 
 Vorlesungen herkam, als allzu niichtern, wenn nicht gar als zu 
 platt. Aber es ist hier Whitney nicht anders gegangen als 
 anderen Denkern, die einfache, wenn auch nicht bekannte und 
 sewiirdigte Walirheiten zum ersten Male in einfache Worte zu 
 kleiden verstanden haben. Alle wahrhaft Sachverstandigen 
 freuten sich der wohlthatigen Niichternlieit und Klarlieit der 
 Whitney'schen Darlegungen, und bald stand das Urtlieil fest, 
 dass etwas Besseres iiber Sprachgeschiclite bis dahin nicht 
 vorgebracht sei. 
 
 Das Wichtigste, was Whitney lehrte, war etwa Folgendes. 
 Wenn man der Sprache eine selbstiindige Existenz, gewisse 
 Thiitigkeiten, gewisse Neigungen oder Launen, eine Fahigkeit 
 der Anpassung an die Bediirfnisse des Menschen und der- 
 gleichen mehr zuschreibt, so sind das figiirliche Ausdriicke. 
 Sie bezeichnen nicht die Sache selbst, und man darf sich nicht 
 durch sie verblenden lassen. In Wirklichkeit lebt die Sprache 
 nur in der Seele und auf den Lippen derer, die sie sprechen. 
 Alle Veriinderungen in der Fortentwicklung der Sprachen 
 dienen der Befriedigung von Bediirfnissen des menschlichen 
 Geistes. Doch waltet daliei so gut wie nie bewusste Absicht, 
 (larum ist die Sju-ache kein Kunstprodukt. Sie ist aber auch 
 kein Xaturprodukt. Da alles, was die Sprache eines Yolkes 
 
BRUGMANN. 79 
 
 ausmacht, aus seelisclier Thiitigkeit entspringt imd auf einer 
 langen Kette von vorausgegangeiien Processen berulit, bei denen 
 immer der menschliche Geist, mag er audi noch so sehr vou 
 ausseren Factoren bestimmt wordeii sein, selb.st das eigentliche 
 Agens gevvesen ist, so ist die Sprache iiiclits anderes als eine 
 menschliche Einrichtung (an institution). Und so ist die 
 Spiachwissenschaft eine historische oder Geisteswissenschaft 
 (a historical or moral science). Nur eine obertlachliche Be- 
 trachtung hat sie zu einer naturwissenschat'tlichen Disciplin 
 stempeln konnen.^ In der Sprache spiegelt sich also niclit 
 nur das geschichtliclie Leben der Volker, sondern sie ist auch 
 ein Theil desselben, und wie es die Aufgabe der Sprach- 
 forscher ist, vermittelst aller ihnen zugjinglichen geschichtlichen 
 Zeugnisse den Entwicklungsgang der einzelnen Sprachen zu 
 erforschen und darzustellen, so ist auch nur dann zu richtigen 
 Anschauungen iiber das Sprachleben liberhaupt zu gelangen, 
 wenn man sich die Sprache immer als etwas in der Geschichte 
 sich Entwickelndes und in fortwiihrendem Umbildungsprocess 
 Befindliches vorstellt. Die einzelnen Veriinderungen vollziehen 
 sich nur langsam und ohne dass sie den Sprechenden selbst 
 zum Bewusstsein kommen. Sie konnen nicht durchdringen, 
 wenn sie von dem bestehenden Sprachgebrauch allzu stark 
 abweichen; nur was sich dem Sprachgefiihl Aller empfiehlt, 
 kann obsiegen und zur Allgemeitigiltigkeit durchdringen. Bei 
 noch so grosser Yerschiedenheit aber der ausseren Verhiiltnisse 
 beruhen die Yeranderungen der Sprachen allenthalben auf den 
 gleichen (iesetzen und der gleichen Art ihrer Wirksamkeit. 
 
 Damit war im Wesentlicheu das Fundament gelegt zu einer 
 angemessenen Behandlung der sprachgeschichtlichen Prin- 
 cipienlehre, und Whitney selbst hat manche dahin gehorige 
 Einzelfrage, theils in den genannten grosseren Werken theils 
 in besonderen kleineren Abhandlungen, in klarer und umsich- 
 tiger Weise erortert. Er ist sich aber auch des hodegetischen 
 und methodologischen Gewinnes bew^usst gewesen, der aus 
 diesen Untersuchungen fiir die Einzelforschung zu holen ist. 
 
 1 Gegen diese Verkehrtheit hat "Whitney noch cinmal zwei Jalire vor seinem 
 Tofle anftreten miissen in der Sclirift "Max JIUller and the Science of Lan- 
 giiage " (New York, 1892), p. 23, sqq. 
 
80 LETTERS FROM FORETHX SCHOLARS. 
 
 Schon im Jahre 1867, im Vorwort zu " Language and the Study 
 of Language," sagt er : " It is, I am convinced, a mistake to 
 commence at once upon a course of detailed comparative 
 philology with pupils who have only enjoyed the ordinary 
 training in the classical or the modern languages, or in Loth. 
 They are liable either to fail of apprehending the value and 
 interest of the intinity of particulars into which they are 
 plunged, or else to become wholly absorbed ni them, losing 
 sight of the grand truths and principles which underlie and 
 give significance to their work, and the recognition of which 
 ought to govern its course throughout." Es hat laiige gedauert, 
 bis dieser Appell an die Universitiitslehrer in weiterem Unifang 
 Nacliachtung fand, und noch heute hat er sie nicht uberall 
 gefunden. 
 
 Als Sanskritist hat sich Whitney von dem Boden der sta- 
 tistischen und descriptiven Sprachbehandlung kaum je entfernt, 
 und so hat er selber hier die praktischen Folgerungen seiner 
 allgemeinen Lehren liber Sprachentwicklung nicht gezogen.^ 
 Aber er hat Andere, Specialforscher in verschiedenen Theilen 
 des indogermanischen Sprachgebietes, dazu angeregt, seine 
 Erkentnisse w^eiterhin nutzbar zu machen. Diesen Einlluss im 
 Einzelnen genauer darzulegen, ist freilich, der Natur der Sache 
 nach, nicht wohl moglich ; er kann nicht mit der Elle gemessen 
 werden. Dass er aber ein erheblicher war, lasst sich nicht in 
 Abrede stellen. Bald nach dem Erscheinen von Whitney's 
 Hauptwerk begann in Deutschland unter den Indogermanisten 
 die Bewegung, die sich gegen eine Anzahl von weitverbreiteten 
 methodischen Eehlern der Forschung wendete, welche ganz 
 vorzugsweise in den von Whitney aufgedeckten Yerirrungen 
 ihre Wurzel batten. Und wenn Anregungen zu dieser Bewe- 
 gung und Fiirderung fiir sie audi noch von anderen Soiten her 
 kamen (namentlich aiis dem Kreise derjenigen (Tclehrten, die 
 sich um die Aufhellung neuerer indogermanischer Sprach- 
 entwicklungen, der germanischen, romanischen und slavischen, 
 bemlihten), so diirfen die von Whitney ausgegangenen doch 
 vielleicht als die wichtigsten und nachhaltigsten bezeichnet 
 
 1 Wie weit er es etwa in miindlicher Lehre .^einen Scliiilern gegeniibcr gethan 
 hat, pntzieht sich nieiiier Kenntniss. 
 
BRUGMANN. BUHLER. 81 
 
 werden, Aiif dieser Bewegung aber Ijenihen grossentheils die 
 bedeuteiideii Fortschritte, die die iiiddgermanische Sprach- 
 forschung seit den siebenziger Jalireii unseres Jahrlmnderts 
 geiuacht hat. 
 
 Leipzig, 25. November 1894. 
 
 Karl Brugmann. 
 
 7. From Georg Buhler, Professor of Indlc PltUology and An- 
 tiquities, University of Vienna, Austria, Member of the Iin- 
 jjerial Academy of Sciences of Austria. 
 
 Zurich, December 16, 1894. 
 
 Pear Sir, — I sincerely sympathize with the idea of the 
 American Orientalists to devote the next meeting of the 
 Society to the memory of their late master and chief, Professor 
 W. D. Whitney, whose recent death all European Sanskritists 
 deeply deplore with their American colleagues. And I gladly 
 accept your invitation to take part in this (^raddha, this rite of 
 reverence and devotion, by sending an expression of my high 
 and sincere regard for Professor Whitney's most eminent 
 services to our branch of learning. 
 
 Among the many great and excellent qualities distinguish- 
 ing Professor Whitney, none strikes me so forcibly as his truly 
 scientific turn of mind, which impelled him to strive for full 
 clearness and scrupulous exactness in all his work and writ- 
 ings, and to combat fearlessly and with signal success all 
 tendencies to surround difficult problems with a mystic veil 
 of obscurity or to escape from them by a liberal employment 
 of fine phrases. 
 
 To this same precious quality we owe Professor Whitney's 
 admirable editions and translations of Sanskrit works, which 
 are models of accuracy and true scholarship, and to this we 
 owe Ids great reform of Sanskrit grammar, the most import- 
 ant that has been introduced since its study was taken up by 
 European scholars. The conscientious and masterly manner 
 
82 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 in which the statistical method has been applied to the eluci- 
 dation of the language of the lirahmans and of its history in 
 Professor Whitney's " Sanskrit Grammar " will make his name 
 unforgotten among Sauskritists and linguists. New discoveries 
 of ancient manuscripts or of other materials may cause editions 
 and translations of Sanskrit works to become antiquated, but 
 no grammarian of the future will be able to dispense with the 
 method first applied to Sanskrit by Professor Whitney, and 
 every one of them will be compelled to have recourse to his 
 works in order to learn how to apply it. 
 
 Begging you once more to assure our colleagues of my fullest 
 and heartiest sympathy, I remain, 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 G. BtJHLER. 
 
 8. From Edward B. Cowell, Professor of Sanskrit and Fel- 
 low of Cor^ms Christl College, University of Cambridge, 
 England. 
 
 Cambridge, November 19, 1894. 
 
 My dear Sir, — Your letter of the 9th interested me very 
 much indeed, and I shall think often of the meeting of the 
 American Oriental Society on the 27th and 28th of December, 
 and wish that I could be present. I would gladly have sent 
 a letter to express my affectionate reverence for Professor 
 Whitney, and my deep sense of the loss Oriental learning has 
 sustained by his death ; 1 )ut I really have no leisure to give to 
 it. My time is just now fully occupied, as I am busy with my 
 translation of tlie Harsha Carita and the joint translation of 
 the Pali Jataka, in addition to my usual lectures, so that I dare 
 not undertake anything liesides. Professor Whitney's career 
 was one of such lirilliant originality in so many different direc- 
 tions that it could not be lightly touched upon. To treat it 
 properly, it must be carefully examined. It would offer so 
 many suggestive topics that I could not bear to handle it care- 
 
BiJlILEll. COWELL. DELBRUCK. 83 
 
 lessly; so that I feel I must be silent. Silent respect and 
 esteem seem to me to express best my own feelings. 
 I remain, my dear Sir, 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 E. B. CowELL. 
 
 9. From Bekthold Delbrijck, Professor of Sanskrit and Com- 
 parative Fhilolofjij, Unicersity of Jena, Germany, Member 
 of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. 
 
 Jena, 1. December 1894. 
 
 Als ich vor dreissig Jahren anfing, mich mit dem Veda zu 
 beschaftigen, war W. D. Wliitney bereits eine fest umschrie- 
 bene wissenschaftliclie Personlichkeit, zu der ich voll Vereh- 
 rung hinaufsah. Er lieferte Beitriige zu dem grossen Boehtlingk- 
 Roth'schen Sanskritworterbuch, auf das wir alle stolz sind, er 
 hatte eine damals viel benutzte vedische Concordanz zusam- 
 mengestellt, er hatte im Verein mit Roth einen schwer zugiing- 
 lichen vedischen Text herausgegeben, und ein Stiick indischer 
 Gelehrsamkeit, das sich mit der Textgestaltung dieses Buches 
 beschaftigte, iibersetzt und erklart. Im Jahre 1871 folgte ein 
 zweites dieser sogenannten Pratiqakhyen, das zu einem anderen 
 Yedatext gehort. Diese Art von Arbeiten, durch welche er 
 sich einen Ehrenplatz in der Geschichte der indischen Philolo- 
 gie erworben hat, hat Whitney audi spater fortgesetzt. So hat 
 er z. B. im Jahre 1881 einen uniibertrefflich geordneten Wort- 
 index zum Atharva-veda geliefert. Etwa von der Mitte der 
 70er Jahre an aber nahm die Grammatik in seiner Beschaf- 
 tigung einen immer grosseren Raum ein. Das Hauptwerk 
 dieser Periode ist seine Sanskritgrammatik nebst dem dazu 
 gehorigen, auf hochst umfassenden Studien beruhenden, mus- 
 terliaft genauen Verzeichniss der in der indischen Literatur wirk- 
 lich belegten Yerbalformen. Seine Grammatik ist unzweifel- 
 haft das beste Lehrbuch des Sanskrit, das wir besitzen. Sie wird 
 gewiss noch fiir lange Zeit die leitende Stellung behalten, bis 
 sie von einer vergleichend-historischen Beschreibung des San- 
 
84 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 skrit abgeldst werden wird, denn eine solche stellt sie niclit dar. 
 Man muss sie vielinelir mit den besten Arbeiten vergleiclien, die 
 auf deni classisch-philologischeu Gebiet entstanden sind, etwa 
 den Arbeiten von Madvig oder Kriiger. Neben diesen grossen, 
 der indischen Welt gewidmeten Werken ging noch vieles 
 nebenher, iiber das andere berichten werden ; ich mochte nur 
 noch die Flille von Eecensioneu erwiihnen, mit denen er als 
 gewissenhafter und unermiidlicher Kritiker die Produkte einer 
 inimer zunehmenden, verschiedeuen Nationen angehorigen phi- 
 lulugischen Thiitigkeit begleitete. Es wird wohl wenig geben, 
 das man diesen Kecensionen an die Seite setzen kdnnte. Ich 
 wlirde sie als beinahe vollkomnien in ilirer Art bezeichnen, 
 wenn niclit bisweilen das Unwiclitige mit demselben gewissen- 
 haften Ernst behandelt wiire, wie das Wichtige. 
 
 Soil ich nun versuchen, audi meinerseits einen Beitrag zur 
 Charakteristik seiner Personlichkeit zu geben, so mochte ich 
 mich etwa so ausdriicken. W. I). Whitney war niclit eine 
 von jeuen genialen Persbiilichkeiten, bei denen die grossen 
 Gedanken plotzlich aus dunkler Tiefe hervorbrechen. Seine 
 Thatigkeit voUzog sich durchaus in deni geordneten Eeiche des 
 Verstandes. Sein Wesen wird nicht vorzugsweise durch Phan- 
 tasie, sondern durch Intelligenz und Charakter gekennzeichnet. 
 Sein Verstand war ruliig, scliarf, siclier und selbstvertrauend. 
 Kein Mann war geneigter als er, Griinde zu vernehmeii und 
 auf sich wirken zu lasseii ; wenn er aber nach reiflicher 
 Ueberlegun" entschieden hatte, vermochte ihii keine Autoritiit 
 mehr zu beunruhigen, mochte sie nun jung oder Jahrtausende 
 alt sein. Fleiss und Gewissenhaftigkeit waren bei ihm erstaun- 
 licli, sie wandten sich auf das Kleine, wie auf das Grosse. Auf 
 seine Citate kann man sich durchweg verlassen. Druckfehler 
 cehoren in seinen Werken zu den Seltenheiten. Wie er als 
 Lehrer gewirkt hat, vermag ich aus eigener Anschauung nicht 
 zu sagen. Es ist mtiglich, dass er die Masse nicht anregte, aber 
 sicherlich ist er ein wissenschaftlicher Erzieher ersten Ranges 
 gewesen, der seinen Schiilern vor alien Dingen die Grundsiitze 
 der hochsten wissenschaftlichen Soliditiit eiiipriigte. So ist [er] 
 denn das verehrte Haupt einer Schule geworden. Sein Ein- 
 fluss aber erstreckte sich weiter. In gewissem Sinne gehuren 
 
DELBRtCK. GARBE. 85 
 
 wir alle zu seinen Schiilern. Wir Deutschen danken ihm noch 
 besonders, dass er an erster Stelle dazii beigetrageu hat, die 
 Yerbiiidimix zwischeu der deutscheu iiiid amehkaiiischeii Phi- 
 lologie zu einer so engeu zu macheu, wie sie jetzt schwerlich 
 zwischen den Gelehiteii zweier anderer Natioueu besteht. 
 
 B. Delbruck. 
 
 10. From Richard Garbe, Professor of Sanskrit and Compara- 
 tive Philology, University of Konigsberg, Prussia. 
 
 KoxiGSBERG, 30. November 1894. 
 
 HocHGEEHRTER Herr, — Ihrem Wunsche, von mir einige 
 Worte iiber den verstorbeuen Professor W. D. Whitney zu 
 erlialten, entspreche ich gern, wiewohl ich iiberzeugt bin, dass 
 ich nur zum Ausdruck bringen werde, was in Deutschland alle 
 diejenigen empfinden, die durch den Tod des unvergesslichen 
 Mannes betrofl'en sind. 
 
 Obgleich Professor WMtney auf den verschiedensten Gebie- 
 ten grundlegend gearbeitet uud Segen gestiftet hat, gilt er uns 
 Deutschen doch vorzugsweise als Indologe. Was er in diesem 
 Fache geleistet hat, ist zu bekannt, als dass ich die Arbeiten 
 im Einzelnen nennen und rUhmeu diirfte. Whitney hat sein 
 ganzes Leben hindurch als ein Vorkampfer der Eichtung 
 gewirkt, welche das Verstandniss der altindischen Texts 
 in der Hauptsache durch die Texte selbst gewinnen will 
 und die Erkliirungen der einheimischen Commentare nur mit 
 grosser Yorsicht in Betracht zieht. Die Eichtigkeit dieser 
 Methode ist heute allgemein anerkannt, wenn audi iiber das 
 Maass der Beriicksichtignng, die den Commentaren zu zollen 
 ist, noch Meinungsverschiedenheiten bestehen. Ebenso hat 
 Professor Wliitney mit grosserer Energie als irgend einer seiner 
 Mitforscher dahin gewirkt, dass die Darstellung der gramma- 
 tischen Formen des Sanskrit auf die LiteraturdenkmJiler selbst 
 gegriindet werde und nicht auf die Angaben der indischen 
 Nationalgrammatiker. Es diirfte wohl heutzutage ziemlich 
 allgemein die Anschauung herrschen, dass Whitney in seiner 
 
86 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 Almeirfung gegen die indischen Grammatiker zu weit gegaiigen 
 ist, weun er die bis jetzt aus der Literatur iiiclit belegteu 
 Formen, die sich bei jenen linden, in der grossen Mehrzalil f iir 
 Fiktiunen erklUit hat. Und docli liegt auch in der Art, wie er 
 dies gethau und begriindet hat, ein grosses Verdienst ; denn er 
 hat die Frage imnier aufs Neue angeregt, und bewirkt, dass sie 
 ihrer Ltisung niiher gebracht ist. Und wenn die LiJsung schliess- 
 lich anders ausfallt, als Whitney geglaubt hat, so wiirde er 
 selbst zweifellos dariiber nicht verstininit gewesen sein. Denn 
 wer Whitney kannte, der weiss, dass er inimer nur nach der 
 Wahrheit und nach nichts als der Wahrheit gestrebt hat. Sein 
 Kriticismus — vielleicht die characteristischste Seite seines 
 Wesens — hat mich oft an Lessing erinnert ; und Lessmg hat 
 bekanntlich den Satz ausgesprochen, dass es gleichgiltig sei, ob 
 man selbst die Wahrheit finde oder ob der eigene Irrthuiu der 
 Anlass sei, dass ein anderer sie finde. 
 
 Professor Whitney's Name ist nicht nur mit den verschie- 
 densten Zweigen der Indologie unloslich verbunden ; Whitney 
 liat audi als Erzieher auf die jiingeren Fachgenossen gewirkt ; 
 denn er hat uns durch sein Vorbild gelehrt, die peinlichste 
 Genauigkeit zu iiben, alien tauschenden Schein zu meiden, deu 
 Dincfen immer auf deu Grund zu oehen. Aber er hat uns da- 
 neben auch gelehrt, Entsagung zu iiben — Eutsagung insofern, 
 als man sich im Dienste der Wissenschaft auch langwierige, er- 
 mlidende mechanische Arbeiten, sobald sie sich als nothwendig 
 erweisen, nicht verdriessen lassen soil. Dass Whitney eine 
 Eeihe solcher Arbeiten in mustergiltiger Form vollendet hat, 
 ist eineni so reichen Geiste doppelt hoch anzurechnen. 
 
 Alle Wissenschaft ist international. Trotzdeni empfinden 
 ■wir nicht selten die Arbeits- und Darstellungsweise hervor- 
 ragender auslandischer Gelehrter als etwas frenides und ab- 
 stossendes. Whitney aber war uns Deutschen kein Fremder ; 
 ihn haben wir ganz als einen der unsrigen betrachtet ; denn 
 er besass in seiner wissenschaftlichen Personlichkeit alle die 
 Eigonschaften, deren Gesammtheit fiir uns das Ideal echten 
 deutschen Gelehrtenthums ist. 
 
 Whitney war der Begrunder des Sanskritstudiums in Threni 
 "Vaterlande. Wenn jetzt in den Vereinigten Staaten eine Schaar 
 
GARBE. HENRY. 87 
 
 jiingerer Indologen zu den berufensten Vertretern des Faches 
 geliort und audere sich zu solcheii eiitwickelii, so ist das un- 
 mittelbar oder mittelbar Whitney's Werk. Jeder aber unter 
 uns, der Ilirem grossen Gemeinwesen und seiner bewunderns- 
 werthen Eutvvickelung herzliclie Sympathien entgegenbringt, 
 \vird vou dem Wunsche beseelt sein, dass der Geist des grossen 
 Mannes in Ihren gelehrten Anstalten fortleben und furtwirken 
 moge zum Heile und zuni Besten Hires Volkes. 
 
 Genehniigen Sie, hochgeelirter Herr, die Versicherung der 
 grossten Hochachtung 
 
 Hires ganz ergebenen 
 
 E. Garbe. 
 
 11. From Victor Henry, Professor of SansTxrit and of Com- 
 parative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages, Uni- 
 versity of Paris, France. 
 
 Paris, 15 novembre 1894. 
 
 Monsieur et cher Collegue, — Je vous remercie de tout 
 cceur de votre lettre du 29 octobre, et suis profonddment 
 touchd de la bonne pensde que vous avez eue de m'associer 
 a rhommage fun^bre que vous vous proposez de rendre au 
 grand, au bon, au regrettd William D wight Whitney. 
 
 Croyez que je n'avais pas attendu votre invitation pour 
 prendre part au deuil des Etats-Unis et du monde savant. 
 D^sireux de contribuer, dans la faible iiiesure ou cela m'^tait 
 possible, a honorer cette chere mdmoire, j'avais, aussitot apr^s 
 son apparition, traduit en frangais la notice n^crologique de 
 " The Nation," pour I'envoyer, accompagnde de quelques notes, 
 k notre Eevue de Linguistique. 
 
 Malheureusement, cette revue ne parait qu'a longs iiiter- 
 valles, et ma traduction est encore inddite, en sorte que je ne 
 saurais vous en envoyer d'exemplaire. Je le regrette, quelque 
 faible intf^ret que pr^sente pour TAmdrique un article francais 
 qui n'est que la reproduction d'une notice anglaise. 
 
 Je ne mentionne done cette circonstance, que pour faire voir 
 
88 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 le ]>v'ix (|ue j'attaclie a ce que le iiom de W. I). "Whitney scjit 
 \'6n6r6 et sa mort ddplor^e eii France comme ils le sunt en sou 
 propre pays. 
 
 Car Whitney ne fut I'as seuleinent I'iik'al du travailleur et 
 du savant, le statisticien ini})eccable, le granimairien niinutieux, 
 I'esprit qui au souci du ddtail precis et sdvfere sut joindre la 
 comprehension vaste et la vue des larges ensembles ; il n'eut 
 pas seulement la force de I'intelligence, mais encore, au plus 
 haut degrd, celle que donnent la conscience et la bontd. 
 
 La conscience : — Quoi qu'il dcrivit, on le sentait ardent de 
 male conviction ; la bonne foi transparaissait a chaque ligne de 
 sa prose, et, alors meme qu'on jugeait qu'il allait trop loin dans 
 une polemique et qu'on se refusait a I'y suivre, sa sincerity 
 ^tait si dclataute qu'elle appelait irr^sistiblement la sympathie. 
 
 La bont^: — Autant parfois il se mon trait rigoureux pour 
 r^crivain en qui il d^covivrait ou seulement soup^onnait la 
 Idg^retd ou la prt^vention, autant sa critique se faisait douce 
 pour les essais qui, a ddfaut meme d'autres qualit(^s, trahissai- 
 ent I'effort sincere et le bon vouloir. J'en sais quelque chose : 
 il a fait a toutes mes communications un accueil a la fois pater- 
 nel et amical, et c'est une dette de gratitude (|ue j'accpiitte en 
 ^crivant ces lignes. 
 
 Je ne I'ai jamais vu ; mais je I'aimais et le range parmi mes 
 meilleurs maitres, heureux si je puis m^riter d'etre dit quelque 
 peu son dlfeve. 
 
 Veuillez, Monsieur et cher collogue, agrt^er et transmettre 
 aux membres du Congrfes la haute expression de ma confrater- 
 nit(5 scientifique et de ma tr^s vive sympathie. 
 
 Y. Hexrv. 
 
 12. From, Alfred Hillebraxdt, P roft'ufinr of Sinislcrif and 
 Comparative Philology, University of Breslau, Germany. 
 
 Breslait, 29. November 1894. 
 
 Sehr verehrter Herr, — Ihr geehrter Brief gibt mir will- 
 kommene Gelegenheit Ihnon und den Mitnliedern der American 
 
IIEXRY. IIILLEBRANDT. 89 
 
 Oriental Society meiue herzlichste Teilualime an deni Verlust 
 auszusprechen, den America durch das Hinscheiden W. D. 
 Whitney's erlitten hat. Der Nestor der anierikanischen San- 
 skritisten und seine Werke werden unvergessen l)k'il)en in der 
 Entwickhnig der Wissenschaft, an der er selbst hervorragen- 
 den Anteil nahm. Was niir ininier als ein Lesonderer Vorziig 
 seiner Arbeit erschien, war die Genauigkeit seiner Methode, 
 die Praecision in Form und Inhalt, welche er anstrebte und in 
 grammatischen Fragen durch Zahlen zu gewinnen suchte. 
 Dies hat, wie mir scheint, der vedischen Wissenschaft eine Kich- 
 tung gegeben, die klar und kiihl mit den Tatsachen, nicht niit 
 Hypothesen reclmet und in Werken wie Whitney's Sanskrit 
 Grammar oder Lanman's Noun-inflection einen vorziiglichen 
 Ausdruck findet. Als Philologe hat er in den Pratigakhyas, 
 im Suryasiddhanta, in der Mitherausgabe des Atharva seine 
 Exactheit bewahrt und in seinem unlibertrettiichen Index zum 
 Atharva alien Jungeren gezeigt, dass ein Meister audi das schein- 
 bar aussere Beiwerk nicht verschmaht. Seiner Wirksamkeit 
 hat sich Wahrhaftigkeit und Freimut zugesellt, und er hat 
 seinen Gedanken unumwundenen, manchmal wohl zu schroffen 
 Ausdruck gegeben. Das wird seinem Bilde keinen Eintrag tun, 
 denn im Karapfe um die Wahrheit soil man nicht den Streiter 
 schelten, der heiss fiir seine Ueberzeugung ficht, wenn er nur 
 grade Waffen braucht. " Gerade und furchtlos" aber darf die 
 Unterschrift seines Bildes in der Erinnerung seiner Zeitge- 
 nossen sein. 
 
 Ueber dem Grabmal des Entschlafenen erhebt sich ein an 
 Blliten und Friichten reicher Baum, die American Oriental 
 Society, die seiner rastlosen Arbeit ilir Gedeihen wesentlich 
 verdankt. Wenn wir alle uns an ihrer Entfaltung freuen, so 
 lenkt dankbar unser Blick sich auf W. D. Whitney zuriick, der 
 einen Zweig des Bodhi-baumes in den P]oden Ihrer Heimat hin- 
 libertrug. Moge es Ihrer Society iramer beschieden sein jManner 
 zu finden, die in Whitney's Geiste weiter arbeiten, und jede neue 
 Bliite, die sie ansetzt, wird zu Whitney's Gedachtniss sein. 
 
 Alfked Hillebrandt 
 
90 LETTERS FROM FOREIGX SCHOLARS. 
 
 13. From Julius Jolly, Professor of Sanshrit and Comparative 
 FhiloUxjij, Unlcersltjj «f Wiirzhurg, Gerraany. 
 
 November 30, 1S94. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I consider it a great honor to have been asked 
 by the American Oriental Society to record my opmion of 
 Professor Wliitney's services, in the field of Indian I'hilology 
 especially, and I will try to comply with their recjuest. 
 
 It was first as a translator of Whitney's famous work on Lan- 
 guage and its Study that I became fully acquainted with the 
 depth and research of his writings, though indeed I had been us- 
 ing a great deal the Atharva-Yeda as edited by Professors Roth 
 and Wliitney, " rothena ca hvitneyena ca codhita," when I was 
 reading the Veda with Professor Weber at Berlin as a student. 
 The late lamented Professor Georg Curtius of Leipzig having 
 directed my attention to the advisability of rendering Whit- 
 ney's Language and its Study accessible to the general reader 
 in Germany through the medium of a German translation 
 and adaptation, I lost no time in undertaking that task, and 
 derived much pleasure and jirofit from the close acquaintance 
 which I formed, in the course of iny labors, with the eminent 
 work of Professor Wliitney. While my translation was going 
 through the press, he sent me several valuable contributions to 
 my work, as well as the first volume of his delightful Oriental 
 and Linguistic Studies, which I reviewed for a German scien- 
 tific periodical. Among the many remarkable essays collected 
 in that volume, which includes Whitney's attractive essay on 
 the Vedic Doctrine of a Future Life and a number of valuable 
 reviews and criticisms, the short but masterly essay on the 
 Avesta has always appeared to me a specially striking instance 
 of Whitney's rare skill in exhibiting in a condensed shape the 
 salient features of an entire department of philological research. 
 The first series of Whitney's Oriental and Linguistic Studies 
 was speedily succeeded by the second, wdiich is as rich in con- 
 structive essays as the first is in critical ones, and contains 
 among other valuable papers Whitney's instructive and able 
 remarks on the historv of the Nak.satras in India. Indiaii 
 
JOLLY. 91 
 
 astronomy had always been a favorite subject with Professor 
 Whitney, and he had published as early as -1860 his coni- 
 nientary and notes on the Surya-Siddhanta. Dr. James Bur- 
 gess has well brought out in his Notes on Hindu Astronomy 
 the value and interest of that work, when he says that it is a 
 model of careful annotation and has placed within the reach 
 of all who are interested in the subject a complete outline of 
 Hindu methods of astronomical calculation, together with a 
 clear exposition of the theories on which they are based, and 
 their relations to European science. 
 
 In descending from the Vedas, his first love, to the Vedailgas, 
 Professor Whitney took up another important branch of Hindu 
 science besides astronomy. This was the science of phonetics, 
 which is so ably discussed in the PratiQakhyas, two of which 
 were edited and translated by Whitney in 1862 and 1871. His 
 successful labors in that tield may have served him as a prepa- 
 ration for his Sanskrit Grammar, his principal work, towards 
 which all his various studies and labors may be said to have 
 converged. His edition of the Atharva-Veda, with whicli he 
 had introduced himself so successfully as a Sanskrit scholar, 
 his Praticakhyas, his contributions to the Sanskrit Dictionary 
 jointly edited by Boehtliugk-Eoth, his labors in the field of 
 linguistic science, these and his other achievements must have 
 caused him to appear the fittest person to be entrusted with 
 the difficult and responsible task of approaching the Sanskrit 
 language from a new point of view, and writing a Sanskrit 
 Grammar for the well-known Lil)rary of Indo-European Gram- 
 mars. I remember w^ell the enthusiasm with which his engage- 
 ment to do so was greeted by Sanskrit scholars in Germany, 
 myself among the number. It was in 1875, and I had just 
 then repeatedly met Whitney both in Germany and England, 
 my veneration for the man and scholar liaving been enhanced, 
 I need hardly say, by personal acquaintance. He set to work 
 with his wonted energy and produced after four years' work 
 the well-known lucid and elaborate volume, which has fully 
 realized the expectations entertained of it, and materially aided 
 the progress of Sanskrit and linguistic studies. One of the 
 principal new features of Whitney's Sanskrit Grammar, the 
 
92 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 utilization of tlie amjile materials to Ije gained from an inde- 
 pendent examination of Sanskrit literature for the study of 
 grammar, comes out even more strongly in the supplement 
 which he added to his grammar a few years later, as may 
 indeed be gathered from the list of Sanskrit works consulted 
 in the course of preparing liis "Eoots." The solidity and trust- 
 worthiness of the materials underlying his researches in the 
 held of Indian grammar and lexicography may l)e tested hy his 
 exliaustive Index Verborum to the Atharva-Vuda, which he 
 printed in 1881. 
 
 One important part of Whitney's services in the field of 
 Indian philology, his merits and achievements as a teacher of 
 Sanskrit, and as a member of the American Oriental Society, 
 can be sufficiently appreciated only by his pupils and junior 
 colleagues in America. However, we Germans have been 
 eagerly reading his numerous minor papers, and we cannot fail 
 to see the results of his teaching and example in the fact that he 
 has found so much talent to join and help him in his studies and 
 in the rapid and unprecedented rise of Sanskrit studies in 
 America. Germany may well feel proud to have assisted in 
 training a scholar like Professor Whitney, in whom learning 
 and industry, powerful logic and indefatigable perseverance 
 was coupled in a remarkable manner with originality and 
 genius. 
 
 Apologizing for my bad English, T have the honor to sign 
 myself. Sir, Yours with respect and esteem, 
 
 J. Jolly. 
 
 14. From, Hexdrtk Kerx, Pro/^.s.w?- of Snnal-rJf nnrl Comparn- 
 Hve PhUoJogy, JJniversif}/ of Lehlen, Ketherlayids. 
 
 Letdkx, Docomher 17, 1894. 
 
 My deae Sir, — After receiving your communication that a 
 IMemorial Meeting will be held in honor of the late William 
 Dwight "VAHiitney, T will not remain behind in offering my 
 humble tribute to the memorv of the great scholar whose death 
 
JOLLY. KERX. LESKIEX. 93 
 
 has been a heavy loss not only to his country, but to the 
 republic of letters in general, and a severe blow to Indian 
 philology. His eminent merits are so universally acknowledged 
 and the chief characteristics of all his works are so striking 
 that I do not Hatter myself to say anything that does not 
 re-echo the opinion of all fellow-laborers in the same field. It 
 is a fact that Whitney almost from the beginning of his career 
 stood foremost in the ranks of Vedic scholars ; that his Sanskrit 
 Grammar is, and for a long time will be, a standard work ; that 
 his works on the science of language are remarkable by the 
 lucid exposition of facts and the soundness of reasoning ; and, 
 last not least, that his contributions to a critical knowledge of 
 Indian astronomy are of sterling value, so much so that after 
 Colebrooke no scholar has equal merits in that department 
 with Whitney. In saying this I do not think I am unjust to 
 any of the living. 
 
 From an obvious reason I refrain from expressing any opinion 
 about Whitney's accomplishments as a teacher of the science to 
 which he had devoted his life. I know from hearsay and from 
 the works of his pupils that his influence upon the younger 
 generation of students has been as great as beneficial, but it 
 must be left to those who have followed his lessons to testify 
 how greatly they are indebted to him. And surely they wuU 
 not fail to do so with piety and love. 
 
 H. Kern. 
 
 15. From August Leskien, Professor of the Slavic Languages, 
 Unirersitjf of Leijjsk, Saxony^ Member of the Royal Saxon 
 Society of Sciences. 
 
 Leipzig, 25. November 1S94. 
 
 Geehrter Herr College, — Ihrer Aufforderung, mich iiber 
 den Einfluss von Whitney's Auffassung der Sprachwissenscbaft 
 auf die deutschen Sprachforscher auszusprechen, folge ich mit 
 grosstem Vergniigen. Alier ich werde micli kurz fassen, da ich 
 h(ire, dass mein Freund Brugmann eine ahnliche Aufforderung 
 erhalten hat und sich ausfiihrlicher liber Whitney's Stellung in 
 
94 LETTERS FROM FOREIGX SCHOLARS. 
 
 der Sprachwissenschaft zu fiussern gedenkt. Da ich kaum 
 ctwas anderes, jedeufalls nichts besseres sageii koniite als er, 
 beschrfiuke ich luich auf die Hervorhebung eines besonders 
 wichtigeu Punktes. Whitney hat von alien am eindringlichsten 
 gelehrt, dass die Sprache kein selbstandiger, in sich Ijeruhender 
 Organismus sei, sondern nur begrilfen werden konne als ein 
 integrierender unabloslicher Theil der Lebensausserungen des 
 Menschen. Dies ist die Grimdanschauung von Whitney's 
 Betrachtungen liber die Sprache. Von ihr aus gelang es ihm zu 
 beweisen, dass die Sprachwissenschaft nicht zu den Naturwissen- 
 schaften gehort, wie es eine friiher weit verbreitete, jetzt niehr 
 und mehr verschwindende Lehre annahm, sondern dass sie zu 
 den Geisteswissenschaften oder, wenn man diesen Ausdruck vor- 
 zieht, zu den historischen Disciplinen zu rechnen ist. Whitney 
 hat immer wieder scharf hervorgehoben, dass die Sprache zum 
 geschichtlichen Leben der Menschheit gehort. Daraus ergiebt 
 sich nothwendig : erstens, die Entwicklung der Sprache iiber- 
 haupt beruht nicht auf Gesetzen, die nur ihr eigenthlimlich 
 und vom bewussten oder unbewussten Willen des Menschen 
 unabhangig waren ; zweitens, jede besondere Sprachentwick- 
 lung steht in engstem Zusammenhang mit der Geschichte des 
 betreffenden Volkes, mit den ausseren Bedingungen seiner 
 Existenz, mit seiner allgemeinen Culturentwicklung, mit seinem 
 Verhaltniss zu andern Volkern, kurz mit alien Momenten, 
 [die] dem Leben des Yolkes seine besondere Gestalt geben. 
 
 Whitney's Anschauungen haben, namentlich in neuster Zeit, 
 in der Sprachwissenschaft weit mehr gewirkt, als man auf den 
 ersten Blick bemerkt. Die Arbeit der Sprachforscher bewegt 
 sich ja zum grossen Theil in Detailfragen, bei denen weniger 
 Gelegenheit ist sich unmittelbar auf Whitney zu beziehen, aber 
 selbst bei Specialuntersuchungen, noch mehr natiirlich bei all- 
 gemeineren und principiellen Fragen, hat sich in den letzten 
 Jahrzehnten immer mehr eine Behandlungsweise Bahn ge- 
 brochen, die der wirklichen Natur der Dinge, d. h. hier den 
 realen Verhaltnissen der Sprache gerecht zu werden sucht, 
 und siclier geht ein grosser Theil der Anregung dazu mittelbar 
 od.er unmittelbar von Whitney aus. 
 
 Ihr ergebener A. Leskien. 
 
LESKIEX. LUDWIG. 95 
 
 16. From Alfred Ludwk;, Professor of Comparative Philology, 
 Unicersittj of Prar/ue, Bohemia, Member of the Poijal 
 Bohemia ti Soeiety of Sciences. 
 
 December 1, 1894. 
 
 Dear Sik, — I feel deeply obliged for having Leen offered an 
 opportunity to express my heartfelt sympathy with the Ameri- 
 can Oriental Society on the melancholy occasion of Professor 
 William Dwight Whitney's decease, and to testify my high 
 esteem for his scholarship. 
 
 It would be impossible for me to give anything like an ade- 
 quate idea of my consternatiun and utter dismay on receiving 
 so unexpected an intelligence ; nothing up to Professor Whit- 
 ney's latest publications would liave authorized an apprehension 
 that his career, splendid from its first beginning and sustaining 
 this character to the last, was about to close. For it is not the 
 least admirable feature in the deceased's scliolarship that it 
 revealed itself from the very first in its characteristic perfec- 
 tion ; there was no uncertainty, no wavering, no defectiveness 
 about him ; whatever he undertook to treat of, he knew all 
 about it to perfection, and his works will be forever remarkable 
 for clearness and terseness, correctness and exhaustiveness. 
 Permit me to repeat a few lines from a paper I have issued 
 some months ago, what time the Congress of Orientalists was 
 assembled at Geneva : 
 
 " It is witli no small degree of regret and reluctance that 
 I give now a limited share of publicity to the following pages, 
 that were originally destined in another form to meet the eyes 
 and to appeal to the sound judgment, to the impartial mind, 
 and to the extensive learning of one who is now no more 
 among the living. Suddenly and unexpectedly he has been 
 snatched away ; much it is that he has done, and no man can 
 say what he might not still have achieved ; the much he has 
 done, has been well done, so well that it would be difficult to 
 say how he might have been outdone." 
 
 But it would be a vain endeavor to comprehend within the 
 compass of a few lines the praise of one whose best and truest 
 encomium will always remain his own works and what he has 
 
96 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 done for the spread and progress of Oriental and linguistic 
 studies in America. 
 
 Believe me, Sir, Yours respectiully, A. LUDWIG. 
 
 17. From Friedricii Muller, Professor of Sanskrit and Com- 
 parative Fldlologij, Unioersitij of Vienna, Austria, Member 
 of the Imjierial Academy of Sciences of Austria. 
 
 HocHGEEHRTE Herren, — Es ist eine erhebende Feier, welche 
 Sie lieute begehen. Sie, freie Biirger eines Landes, das Ihre 
 Vater nicht mit dem Schwerte, sondern mit den Werkzeugen 
 des Friedens in Besitz genommen liaben, sind heute versain- 
 melt, um das Andenken eines Mitbiirgers zu feiern, der zu den 
 grossten Mannern Hires Landes gehtirt, dessen Kuhm auch in 
 die alte Welt heriiberreiclit. 
 
 Der Mann, welchen Sie feiern, hat den edelsten und kostbar- 
 sten Samen den es giebt, namlich den Samen der Wissenschaft 
 aus der alten Welt in seine Heimath verpflanzt, denselben zu 
 eineni herrlichen Bauni grossgezogen und die Frlichte dieses 
 Baumes als kostbare Geschenke dankbaren Herzens der alten 
 Welt zuriickgesendet. 
 
 In dem goldenen Geschichtsbuclie der vergleichenden Sprach- 
 forschung glanzt in den ersten Zeilen der unsterbliche Name 
 W. D. Whitney's, der das Studium der Sanskrit-Philologie in 
 seiner Heimath begriindet, eine Reihe tuchtiger IMitarbeiter des 
 genannten Faches herangebildet, und durch seine spraclnvissen- 
 schaftlichen Schriften um die Popularisirung der modernen 
 Sprachwissenschaft grosse Yerdienste sich erworben hat. 
 
 Wliitney war ein wahrer Prophet und Apostel seiner Wissen- 
 schaft. Darum Ehre seinem theueren Andenken ! 
 
 Miige der Banm, welchen er gepflanzt, herrlich bllihen und 
 reichliche Frlichte fortan tragen ! Dies wiinscht aus vollem 
 Herzen, liochgeehrte Herren, 
 
 Ihr ganz ergebener Dr. Friedricii Muller 
 
 Professor au dor Uuiversitiit Wieii. 
 
rH. MULLEK. OLDEXliEKG. 97 
 
 18. From Hermann Oldenberg, Professor of Coniparatioe Phi- 
 lohigij and Sanskrit, Uiiirersifi/ of Kin/, I'mssla. 
 
 Kiel, 1. December 1894. 
 
 HocHGEEHRTER Herr, — Icli daiike dem Coniitd, welches 
 Sie vertreten, aufrichtig dafiir, dass 8ie mir Gelegeuheit gel)en, 
 an der Bekunduiig dankbarcu und verelirmigsvullen Gedeii- 
 kens flir Whitney theilzunehinen. Ich habe ihn nur wenige 
 Male Hiichtig gesehen, aber die Erinnerung an die ernste und 
 reine Personlichkeit des hervorragenden Mannes wird mir un- 
 vergesslich bleiben. Es wiirde sich nicht ziemen, und am 
 wenigsteu wiirde es in Whitney's eigenem Sinn sein, wenn 
 ich in missverstandener Pietat den Eindruck, welchen ich von 
 seinem Wesen als philologischer und linguistischer Forscher 
 habe, nicht ungefarl)t und ungefalscht hier aussprache. Es ware, 
 scheint mir, kaum ein zutreffender Ausdruck fiir die Bedeutung 
 Whitney's, wullte man ihn den grossen Pfadfindern zurechnen, 
 welche der Forschung neue Bahnen vorgezeichnet haben. Ja 
 man darf vielleicht hinzusetzen, dass er selbst in dem Beschrei- 
 ten der von Andern erciifneten Bahnen gelegentlich allzu zu- 
 riickhaltend gewesen ist. Was seine Grammatik des Sanskrit 
 alien Sanskritisten gegeben hat, bedarf meines Lobes nicht : 
 aber die Aufgabe, durch diese Massen des Stoffes hindurch die 
 grossen Gesichtspunkte der neueren sprachwissenschaftlichen 
 Methode zur Geltung zu bringen hat Whitney sich nicht stellen 
 wollen ; so hat er den bedeutsamsten Schritt, den es hier zu 
 thun gab, Andern und zum grossen Theil der Zukunft iiber- 
 lassen. Man hat seinen Forschungen die Vorziige " of an 
 all-pervading common sense " nachgeriilimt. Es kann keinen 
 treffenderen Ausdruck fiir die Kraft geben, die ihm inne- 
 wohnte ; dasselbe Wort aber wird zugleich als eine Hindeutung 
 auf die seiner Individualitat gezogenen Grenzen verstanden 
 werden konnen. Doch innerhalb dieser Grenzen : mit wie 
 festem Schritt haben wir ihn bestandig vorwarts gehen sehen ! 
 Wie bedeutete jedes seiner Werke ein weiteres und immer 
 weiteres Vordringen von Ordnung und Klarheit ! Wir Deut- 
 schen haben besondre Ursache seiner zu gedenken. Es ist 
 
 7 
 
98 LETTERS FROM FOREIGX SCHOLARS. 
 
 nicht zu viel gesagt wenn wir iliii in gewissein Sinn als einen 
 der Unserii anselien. ^Vuf cluni CJel)iet der Philolngie ver- 
 korperte sicli in ihni der ]>un(l zwischen deu alten Traditionen 
 deutscher Forschung und der lioiruungsvoll zu hoheni Gedeihen 
 heranwaclisenden Wissenschaftsptlegc der neueii AVelt. Mogen 
 wir diesseits und jenseits voni Ocean das ( lediiclitniss Whitney's 
 ehren, indem wir diesen lUuid mit unsern besten Kraften 
 pflegen ! 
 
 Ich luibe die Elire zu sein, hocligeelirter Herr, 
 
 Ilir selir ergebener 
 
 H. Oldenbekg. 
 
 19. From. Eichard Pischel, Professor of Indie PhUologij, Uni- 
 versiti/ of Halle, Gernianij. 
 
 Halle (Saale), December 3, 1894. 
 
 Dear Sik, — To write a letter in memory of Professor Whit- 
 ney means to write a history of Sanskrit studies in America. 
 You know as well as I what Professor Whitney has done for 
 the study of Sanskrit in America, and that all the Sanskritists 
 of your country either directly or indirectly are pupils of Pro- 
 fessor Whitney. 
 
 Whitney has devoted his labors to the most difficult 
 branches of Indian philology, Veda, Astronomy, Grammar, 
 and it is universally acknowledged that he ranked with the 
 best scholars in these departments. The value of his edition 
 of the Atharvaveda he has greatly enhanced by his Index Ver- 
 borum, a masterpiece of completeness and exactness. His edi- 
 tions and translations of the Praticakhyas, made in a time 
 when it was much more ditticult to hit the correct meaning 
 of these rather obscure works than it is now, will always 1)6 
 standard works. The translation of the Suryasiddhanta, which 
 is his work though published by another, and many articles on 
 Indian astronomy, show his accurate knowledge of this branch 
 of Indian literature, foreign to most Sanskritists. His Sanskrit 
 Grammar is the first attempt at systematically arranging and 
 
OLDENBERG. PISCHEL. ROST. 99 
 
 scientifically explaining the Vcdic language. Like other San- 
 skhtists 1 am of opinion that AVliitney underrated the value of 
 the native commentators and grammarians, and his very last 
 lahors I do not consider very successful. But nobody will 
 deny that he always dealt with his subject in a scholarly 
 way, and the flourishing state of Sanskrit studies in America 
 shows better than many words could do what he has been to 
 liis country. 
 
 It has not been my good luck to personally know Professor 
 Whitney, but I wish to be added to the large number of schol- 
 ars who lament his untimely death and consider it an irrepa- 
 rable loss to science. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Yours very obediently, 
 
 E. PiSCHEL. 
 
 20. From Eeixhold Eost, sometime LUn-arian of the India 
 Office, London, England. 
 
 1 Elsworthy Terrace, Primrose Hill, 
 
 London, N. W., November 21, lS9i. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Your invitation that I should contribute to 
 a general record of Professor Whitney is an honor of which I 
 am highly sensible. He was to me the type of literary honesty 
 and thoroughness, and my admiration of him was as unqualified 
 as it was sincere. As soon as the news of his death reached 
 me I wrote at the spur of the moment an obituary notice ^ for 
 the " Athenaeum " (a copy of wliich was on publication sent to 
 Mrs. Wliitney) ; and as I should, lieyond a few formal correc- 
 tions which I had no opportunity to make at the time, scarcely 
 desire to make any alteration in what I there stated, I trust 
 you will consider that notice as tlie response to your in\itation 
 so far as it concerns my appreciation of his character. My 
 intercourse with him was at all times of the friendliest, and 
 I only regret that in the latter years I should have been rather 
 
 1 See below, p. 153, No. 17. 
 
100 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 remiss in my correspondeuce, as owing to the infirmity of my 
 left hand I cannot write htng letters. 
 
 Trofessor Lan man's address will form one of the golden 
 chapters in the literary annals of the United States. The 
 solid foundation on which Oriental scholarship is built up 
 throughout your country is a guarantee that many more such 
 will be written in due course. 
 
 Yours most sincerely, 
 
 E. liOST. 
 
 21. From Rudolf von Roth, Professof of Indo-Europedn Lan- 
 fjaayes and of the H'lstoi'ij of Beliglons, University of 
 Tuhliigen, Germany, Member of the Royal Academy of 
 Sciences of Prussia, etc. 
 
 Tubingen, 18. November 1894. 
 
 Sie werden, mein lieber Freund, nicht erwarten, dass ich auf 
 Ihre Einladung vom 2. d. M. eine Denkschrift iiber Whitney's 
 Verdienste abfasse. Das wird man in America besser machen, 
 als ich es kcinnte. Ich will aber einige Erinnerungen aus 
 meinem Verkehr mit ihm aufzeichnen. 
 
 Von den europaischen Fachgenossen sind A. Weber und ich 
 am liingsten in Verbindung mit ihm gewesen. Mit mir haben 
 ihn viele seiner Arbeiten, insbesondere alles was sich auf 
 Herausgabe und Bearbeitung des Atharva Veda bezog, mehr 
 als 40 Jahre lang, nahe verbunden. 
 
 Er hat bier in Tiibingen zwei Sommer, 1851 und 1852, stu- 
 diert. In der Zwischenzeit hat er Pteisen in Europa gemacht, 
 aber bei seiner Eiickkunft gesagt, dass ihm nach all den 
 schonen Landern, die er gesehen, das Tiibinger Thai noch eben 
 so gut gefalle. 
 
 Damals waren die Vedastudien in ihren Anfangen, von Text- 
 ausgaT)en hdchstens kleine Stiieke, und ich musste meinen 
 Schlilern Ausziige aus meinen handschriftlichen Sammlungen, 
 die aus Paris und London stammten, machen, urn mit ihnen 
 vedische Lieder zu lesen. Whitney ist spater noch dfters bei 
 
ROST. ROTH. SEX ART. 101 
 
 mir gewesen, wenn ieh micli recht erinnere, namentlich damals, 
 als eine gauze Collection von Handscliiiften cles Atliarvan und 
 seiner Hilf-sbiiclier bei niir lag, die man mir aus der Bibliotliek 
 des Raja von Bikanir zur Beniitzung mitgeteilt liatte. Er hat 
 in meinem Haus tleissig gearbeitet. Wahrend der Herausgabe 
 des Petersburger Worterbuchs hat er mir den ganzen Wort- 
 schatz des Atharvan ausgezogen, den er spater in seinem Index 
 Verborum 1881 so sorgfaltig herausgegeben hat. 
 
 Und in den letztvergangenen Jahren, als er zu einer Ueber- 
 setzung desselben Veda sich entschloss, habe ich ihm nicht bios 
 die varia lectio der Paippalada vollstandig geliefert, sonderu 
 auch meine Erklarungen aller schwierigen Stellen und Ueber- 
 setzungen ganzer Lieder gesandt, alles was ich im Lauf vieler 
 Jahre gesammelt nnd erarbeitet hatte. Er hoffte, seine Kraft 
 werde zureichen, um das Werk zu Ende zu fiihren. Leider ist 
 er mitten in der Arbeit abgerufen worden. Und Sie konnen 
 erniessen, dass kaum jemand in der gelehrten Welt immittel- 
 barer von diesem Verlust getroffen worden ist, als ich. Ich 
 hatte gehofft, noch einmal unsere Namen nebeneinander auf 
 dem Titel eines guten Buches zu lesen. 
 
 In einigen Aufsatzen seiner letzten Zeit hat er die Priifung 
 der indischen scholastischen Gelehrsamkeit auf ihren wirk- 
 lichen "VYert sich zuni Ziel gesetzt. Ich bedaure sehr, dass wir 
 davon nichts weiter horen werden, 
 
 Behalten Sie mich und Tubingen in freundlicher Erinnerung. 
 
 Ihr ganz ergebener 
 
 Pt. Roth. 
 
 22. Fvnm ^^MiLE Sen-art, Mpmhei' of the French. Institute (Aca^ 
 deniie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), Paris, France. 
 
 La. Felice, par La TERTi; Bernard (Sarthe), 
 
 ce 4 decembre 1894. 
 
 MoNsiEUE, — Yous vous proposez de rendre a William 
 Dwight Wliitney un solennel hommage. Je tiens k grand 
 honneur de m'y associer et d'unir ma voix ^ toutes les voix 
 autoris^es qui ne manqueront pas, en cette circonstance, d'ap- 
 
102 LETTERS FROM FOREIGN SCHOLARS. 
 
 porter a la ineinoire de votre dininent compatriote le tdmoi- 
 guage dclatant d'une admiration et d'uue syinpatlde bien 
 m^ritdes. 
 
 II api)artieiit surtout aux Ain^ricains de proclamer les r^- 
 sultats f^coiids (ju'a produits renseigneiiient acad^mique de 
 Whitney, de saluer en lui le pronioteur d'une activity philo- 
 l()gi(jiie qui honore grandenient votre pays. Mais c'est un 
 devoir pour tous les Orientalistes de recounaitre tr^s liaut la 
 dette de reconnaissance qu'a contract^e I'indianisme a regard 
 de ce vigoureux, de cet infatigable esprit. 
 
 Solidite, lucidity : telles sont les deux qualities niaitresses de 
 son oeuvre. II n'est pas commun de voir une longue vie scien- 
 tifique marcher d'un pas si ^gal, si rdsolu dans une voie si 
 fermement tracde. 
 
 Dans ce monde hindou si tlottant, si imaginatif, si mystique, 
 la curiosity exigeante de Whitney s'est d'un mouvement iiT^- 
 sistible portde vers les t^ldments les plus positifs, les moins 
 mouvants : la langue, les connaissances astronomiques. II 
 a ^t^ un grammairien admirable, portant avec une souplesse, 
 ime aisance surprenantes, le fardeau d'une 6tude analytique 
 dnorme dont la tradition a 4t4 religieusement recueillie par 
 de dignes disciples. 
 
 lilpris de clart^, avide de faits certains, surement enchain^s, 
 il s'est plus d'une fois impatient^ de ce qu'il ddcouvrait d'arti- 
 ficiel, de dt^cevant, dans les theories hindoues. 
 
 Adversaire ddtermin^ des theses qui presentent la linguis- 
 tique comme une science naturelle, il a dans I'etude du langage 
 portd plus que personne la m^thode minutieuse de ddpouille- 
 ment et de classification du naturaliste le plus consciencieux. 
 
 II n'y a la ni contradiction ni inconsdipience. II dprouvait 
 une defiance tres vive et trhs ddclarde pour les vues vagues et 
 les conclusions inddcises. 
 
 Si cette reserve I'a empeclid do nous dire son sentiment sur 
 tant de problfemes de I'antiquitd de I'lnde sur lesquels il eut 
 4t6 si pr^cieux k connaitre, elle communique a Tensemble de 
 son oiuvre un singulier aspect d'autoritd et de rigueur. 
 
 S'il se limita, ce fut volontairement ; ce fut chez lui force 
 et non pas faiblesse. Tout assure a ses travaux \ine durde 
 
SEXAllT. WIXDISCII. 103 
 
 qui, en cette oidie de reclierches, est iin rare et glorieux 
 privilege. 
 
 Eiiergie sup^rieure a tons les obstacles, poursuite avdente 
 des r^sultats positifs, intelligence decisive et pdn^trante : sa 
 noble et puissante figure restera dans nos Etudes comme le type 
 achev^, tr^s expressii et trfes digne, de la science amdricaine. 
 
 L'Am^rique en est justement fifere ; mais le deuil de ce grand 
 travailleur est port^ par ses confr6res de tous pays. 
 
 Notre Acadt^niie avait tenu a lui tdinoigner sa liaute estinie. 
 J'aime a me faire une fois de plus I'eclio des paroles de pro- 
 fond regret que son President consacrait a notre illustre 
 correspondant, sitot que la nouvelle de sa mort vint nous 
 surprendre. Je suis lieureux de fortifier mon honimage trop 
 ch^tif de riiommage collectif de notre corapagnie, et je vous 
 prie, IMonsieur, d'agr^er les assurances de ma haute con- 
 sideration. 
 
 Emile Sen art 
 
 de riustitut de France. 
 
 23. From Ernst Windisch, Professor of SansJcrit, Universiti/ of 
 LeipsiC, Saxony, Member of the Royal Saxon Society of 
 Sciences. 
 
 Univeksitat Leipzig, den 3. December 1894. 
 
 Verehrter Herr, — Icli benutze einen freien Yormittag, um 
 Ihren freundlichen Brief vom 2. November dieses Jalires in 
 folgender Weise zu beantworten : 
 
 William Dwiglit Whitney, dessen Tod auch die deutschen 
 Gelehrten tief beklagen, geliort zu den ausgepragten wissen- 
 schaftlichen Charakteren, die mehr noch durch die ganze Art 
 ihres Denkens und ihrer Arlieit als durch deren Ergebnisse auf 
 ihre Zeitgenossen bedeutend eingewirkt haben. Er war gleicli 
 hervorragend als Sprachforscher und als Sanskritphilologe. 
 Walirend er als Sanskritphilologe bis zuletzt in der ersten 
 Reihe gestanden hat, fiel seine Bliithe als Sprachforscher in die 
 Zeit von Georg Curtius, der gern bekannte, in den allgemeinen 
 Fragen der Sprachwissenschaft viel Anregung von ihm enip- 
 
104 lettp:rs from foreigx scholars. 
 
 fangen zu habeu. Die niicliterne, streng logische, unerbitt- 
 lich kritische Art, mit cler Whitney diese allgeiueinen Fragen 
 beliandelte, war deii luit der .Specialforschiiug bescliaftigten 
 Fachgenossen sympatliisclier, als die begeisterte Art von Max 
 Mliller, der die Clebildeten aller Stande anzog, und fiir desseu 
 Muse Whitney vielleicht etvvas zu wenig Yerstiindni.s.s hatte. 
 
 Keine Phantasien, keine Ungenauigkeiten, keine SchlUsse 
 aus ungeniigenden Pramissen ! diese ihm gieichsam ini Blute 
 liegendeu Grundsiitze ziehen sich wie ein rother Fadeu durch 
 alle seine Werke hindurch. In diesem Geiste ist er auch iu 
 seinen mannigfaltigen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiete der Sanskrit- 
 philologie interpretirend, registrirend, priifend und sichtend 
 bis zuletzt thatig geweseu. Wohl hat er den Werth Panini's 
 unterschatzt, aber gegenliber der sklavischen Nachfolge Panini's 
 ist doch auch das von ihm in seiner Sanskrit Grammar befolgte 
 Princip, die in der alteren Literatur wirklich vorkommenden 
 Formen in erster Linie zu beriicksichtigen, von grosser Bedeu- 
 tung flir die Entwickeluntr der Wissenschaft gewesen. Wie 
 genau ist Whitney's Bearbeitung der Praticakhya zur Taittiriya 
 Samhita und zum Atharvaveda ! doch bewundere ich noch 
 mehr den durchch'ingenden Verstand, mit dem er sich in der 
 indischen Astronomic zurecht gefunden hat. Eine kritische 
 Studie iiber die astronomischen Angaben, aus denen Jacobi 
 eine sichere Datirung des Yeda gevvinnen will, war eine seiner 
 letzten Arbeiten. Zu den Werken, in denen er mit statisti- 
 scher Genauigkeit der weiteren Forschung sichere Grundlagen 
 gegeben hat, gehJiren seine Vedenconcordanz und besonders sein 
 vorziiglicher Index zum Atharvaveda, dessen Text er im Beginn 
 seiner Laufbahn zusammen mit E. Eoth herausgegel)en hatte. 
 Hofl'entlich ist auch die Uebersetzung von ihm so weit gefilr- 
 dert worden, dass auch diese Arbeit der Wissenschaft noch zu 
 Gute kommen kann. 
 
 AVhitney stand mitten drin in dem geistigen Strome der 
 Wissenschaft. Er hat sich iiber viele bedeutende Werke seiner 
 Fachgenossen oflentlich ausgesprochen. Wurde seine Kritik 
 auch manchmal etwas zu genau, so war sie doch selten person- 
 lich verletzend, weil er nur wenigen Gelehrten gegeniiber ani- 
 mos war, und weil er fiir gewohnlich die tadelnde Kritik von 
 
"WIXDISCII. 105 
 
 Einzelheiten nicht auf die gauze Arbeit oder gar aiif die rerson 
 iibertrug. Die Stinime des kritisclieu Gewissens war ungemeiu 
 miiehtig in ilim, sie liess sicli durcli keinen Glanz und keiiie 
 Schoiiheit zuin Schweigeu bringen. In seiner unennlidlichen 
 Art Kritik zu iiben ist William Dwiglit Whitney unersetzlicli. 
 leli schreibe diese Zeilen nicht auf Grund besonderer Studien, 
 die ich zu diesem Zwecke angestellt liatte, sondern sie geben nur 
 das Bild wieder, das nach und nacli von diesem eigenartigen, 
 fiir America charakteristischeu, sein Vaterland zierenden Ge- 
 lehrten in mir entstanden ist. 
 
 Professor Dr. Ernst Windisch. 
 
II. 
 
 DETAILED PROGEAM OF THE EXERCISES OF THE 
 
 JOINT AND OF THE SPECIAL SESSIONS OF 
 
 THE FIRST AMERICAN CONGRESS 
 
 OF PHILOLOGISTS. 
 
 JOINT MEETING 
 
 Of the Amekicax Oriental Society, American Philologi- 
 cal Association, Society of Biblical Literature and 
 Exegesis, Modern Language Association of America, 
 American Dialect Society, Spelling Reform Associa- 
 tion, AND THE ArCHJ^OLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, AT 
 
 The University of Pennsylvania^ Philadelphia, 
 December 27-29, 1894. 
 
 JOINT SESSIONS. 
 Opening Session. 
 
 Thursday, December 27, at 12 m. 
 
 Address by Mr. C. C. Harrison, Acting Provost of the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania, introducing the Presiding Officer of 
 the Meeting, Professor A. Marshall Elliott, of the Johns 
 Hopkins University, President of the Modern Language 
 Association of America. 
 
 Address of Welcome by Dr. Horace Howard Furness, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
108 AMElilCAX CONGRESS OF nilLOLOGISTS. 
 
 Second Joint Session. 
 
 Friday, December 28, at 10 a. m. 
 
 Presiding Officer of the Meeting, Prof. Joiix Henry AVright, 
 of Harvard University, President of the American Philo- 
 logical Association. 
 
 1. Dr. J. P. Peteks, New York, and Prof. H. V. Hilpkeciit, 
 
 University of Philadelphia : The last results of the Babylo- 
 nian expedition of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 2. Prof. William W. Goodwin, Harvard University : The 
 
 Athenian <ypa<^'q Trapavoficov and the American doctrine of 
 constitutional law. 
 
 3. Prof. MiNTON Warren, Johns Hopkins University : The 
 
 contribution of the Latin inscriptions to the study of the 
 Latin language and literature. 
 
 4. Prof. A. V. Williams Jackson, Columbia College : Cyrus's 
 
 dream of the winged figure of Darius in Herodotus. 
 
 5. Prof. Hermann Collitz, Bryn Mawr College : Some Modern 
 
 German etymologies. 
 
 6. Prof. Maurice Bloomfield, Johns Hopkins University : On 
 
 Professor Streitberg's theory as to the origin of certain 
 long Indo-European vowels. 
 
 7. Prof. Federico Halbherr, University of Rome : Explora- 
 
 tions in Krete for the Archaeological Institute (read by 
 Professor Frothingham). 
 
 8. Prof. Edward S. Sheldon, Harvard University : The work 
 
 of the American Dialect Society, 1889-1894. 
 
 Third Joint Session. 
 
 Friday, December 28, at 8 p. m. 
 
 MEMORIAL MEETING IN HONOR OF WILLIAM 
 DWIGHT WHITNEY. 
 
 Presiding Officer of the Meeting, President Daniel Coit Gil- 
 man, of Johns Hopkins University, President of the 
 American Oriental Society. 
 
PROGRAM OF JOINT SESSIONS. 109 
 
 1. Reaclin" of letters from foreign scholars. 
 
 2. Memorial Addkess by Prof. Charles E. Lanman, Harvard 
 
 University. 
 
 3. Whitney's influence on the study of modern languages and 
 
 on lexicography ; by Prof. Francis A. March, Lafayette 
 College. 
 
 4. Whitney's influence on students of classical philology; by 
 
 Prof. Bernadotte Perrin, Yale University. 
 
 5. Whitney's personality ; by Prof. J. Irving Manatt, Brown 
 
 University. 
 
 6. Address by Rev. Dr. William Hayes Ward, New York. 
 
 7. Concluding address by President Daniel Coit Gilman. 
 
no TROGRAM OF AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. 
 
 SPECIAL SESSIONS. 
 
 AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. 
 
 (Organized 1842.) 
 
 Daniel C. Oilman, President, Johns Hopkins University. 
 Edwakd D. Perry, Corresponding Secretary, Columbia College. 
 
 First Special Session. 
 
 Thursday, December 27, at 3 p. 3i. 
 
 1. Prof. Morris Jastrow, Jr., University of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Note on the term Musannitu. 
 
 2. Prof. Maurice Bloomfield, Johns Hopkins University : 
 
 Two problems in Sanskrit grammar. 
 
 3. Prof. G. A. Barton, Bryn Mawr College : Some notes on 
 
 the Semitic Ishtar-cult. 
 
 4. Mr. Talcott Williams, The Press, Philadelphia : Some 
 
 unpublished Arabic inscriptions, in Morocco and elsewhere. 
 
 5. Prof. E. Washburn Hopkins, Bryn Mawr College : Notes on 
 
 Dyaus, Varuna, and Yisnu. 
 
 6. Mr. Stewart Culin, University of Pennsylvania : The origin 
 
 of games and divination in Eastern Asia. 
 
 Second Special Session. 
 
 Friday, December 28, at 2 .30 p. m. 
 
 7. Dr. Theodore F. Wright, Cambridge, Mass. : Note on the 
 
 Julian inscription described by Dr. Isaac H. Hall, at the 
 meeting of March, 1894. 
 
 8. Dr. Hanns Oertel, Yale University : The Agnihotra-section 
 
 of the Jaiminlya-brahmana. 
 
 9. Prof. D. B. Macdonald, Hartford Theological Seminary: 
 
 Description of the recent Biilaq edition of the Jamhara 
 Ash'ar al-'Arab of Abu Zayd al-Qurashl. 
 
PROGRAM OF .UIERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. 11] 
 
 10. Dr. Cykus Adlek, Smitlisouiau Institution, Washington : 
 
 Some Hebrew MSS. from Egypt. 
 
 11. Prof. H. Hyvernat, Catholic University of America: On 
 
 some Coptic manuscripts from Egypt. (Presented by Dr. 
 Cyrus Adler.) 
 
 12. Dr. I. M. Casaxowicz, U. S. National Museum, Washing- 
 
 ton : The emphatic prefix Ic in Hebrew. 
 
 13. Prof. Edwin W. Pay, Washington and Lee University: 
 Agni Matariqvan and related divinities. 
 
 14. Prof. A. V. W. Jackson, Columbia College : The Sanskrit 
 
 root mcmth-math in Avestan. 
 
 15. Eev. F. P. Eamsay, Augusta, Ky. : Psalm xxiii. : an essay 
 
 on Hebrew verse. 
 
 16. Prof. G. A. Barton, Bryn Mawr College : A note on the 
 
 god Mut. 
 
 Thihd Special Session. 
 
 Saturday, December 29, at 10 a. m. 
 
 17. Dr. Theodore P. Weight, Cambridge, Mass. : Eeport of 
 
 excavations at Jerusalem by the Palestine Exploration 
 Fund. 
 
 18. Prof. G. A. Barton, Bryn Mawr College : Was Ilu a dis- 
 
 tinct deity in Babylonia ? 
 
 19. Prof. Morris Jastrow, Jr., University of Pennsylvania: 
 
 A fragment of the Babylonian Etana-legend. 
 
 20. Prof. E. Washburn Hopkins, Bryn Mawr College: The 
 
 vocabulary of the eighth Mandala of the Eig-veda. (Eead 
 by title.) 
 
 21. Prof. E. Washburn Hopkins, Bryn Mawr College : The 
 
 Bharats and the Bharatas. 
 
 22. Dr. Hanns Oertel, Yale University : An emendation of 
 
 Sayana on SB. i. 3. 2. 
 
 23. Prof. D. B. Macdonald, Hartford Theological Seminary: 
 
 On a complete verl)al index to the Fiqh al-Luqha of ath- 
 Tha alibi. (Eead ])y title.) 
 24 and 25. Prof. M. Bloomfield and Prof. A. V. Williams 
 Jackson presented papers (numbered 6 and 4) at the Joint 
 Session of Friday morning. 
 
112 rROGKAM OF THE PHILOLOGICAL AtJbOCIATlON. 
 
 AMERICAN nilLOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 (Organized 18G9.) 
 
 John Hexky Wright, President, Harvard University. 
 Hekbert Weik Smyth, Secretai-ij, Bryu Mawr College. 
 
 FiKST Special Session. 
 
 Thursday, December 27, at 2.35 p. m. 
 
 1. Dr. Mortimer Lamson Earle, Barnard College : Sopliocles's 
 
 Trachiniae, 26-48 : a study in interpretation. 
 
 2. Prof, Louis Bevier, Jr., Eutgers College: The Delphian 
 
 hymns and the pronunciation of the Greek vowels. 
 
 3. Prof. Alfred Gudemann, University of Pennsylvania : Plu- 
 
 tarch as a philologist. 
 
 4. Prof. Edwin W. Pay, Washington and Lee University : 
 
 Aryan tr^ = Greek ttX" = Latin cl" ; Aryan dr.{ = Greek 
 ^X" = Latin gl". 
 
 5. Prof. Charles E. Lanman, Harvard University : Eeflected 
 
 meanings ; a point in Semantics. 
 
 6. Prof. Karl P. Harrington, University of Xorth Carolina : 
 
 Notes on the diction of the Apocolocyntosis Divi Claudii. 
 
 7. Prof. W. A. Lamberton, University of Pennsylvania : Notes 
 
 on Thucydides. 
 
 8. Dr. Arthur Fairbanks, Yale University : Local cults in 
 
 Homer. 
 
 9. Dr. Mitchell Carroll, Johns Hopkins University : Aris- 
 
 totle on the faults of poetry ; or Poetics xxv. in the light 
 of the Homeric scholia. 
 
 10. Dr. Charles Knapp, Barnard College : Notes on Horace. 
 
 Second Special Session. 
 
 Friday, December 28, at 2..30 p. m. 
 
 11. Prof. Morton W. Easton, University of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Eeinarks upon Gower's Confessio Amantis chiefly with 
 reference to the text. 
 
PROGRAM OF THE PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. 113 
 
 12. Mr. WiLLLVM C. Lawton, Philadelphia : A national form 
 
 of verse the natural unit for the thought. 
 
 13. Prof. Fkank L. Van Cleef, Cornell University : Confusion 
 of hma and T€(Taape<i in Tliucydides. 
 
 14. Dr. B. Newhall, Brown University : Women's speech in 
 
 classical literature. 
 
 15. Prof. E. G. Siiiler, University of the City of New York : 
 
 St. Paul and the Lex lulia de vi. 
 
 16. Dr. James M. Patox, Cambridge, Mass. : Some Spartan 
 families under the Empire. 
 
 17. Prof. H. W. Magoun, Oberlin College : Pliny's Laurentine 
 
 villa. 
 
 18. Prof. John Williams AVhite, Harvard University : The 
 
 pre-Themistoclean wall at Athens. 
 
 19. Prof. Hermann Collitz, Bryn Mawr College : The etymol- 
 
 ogy of dpa and of /ua-v^. 
 
 Third Special Session. 
 
 Saturday, December 29, at 9.45 a. m. 
 
 20. Prof. J. Irving Maxatt, Brown University : The literary 
 evidence of Dcirpfeld's Enneakrounos. 
 
 21. Prof. Benjamin I. Wheeler, Cornell University : The 
 
 Greek duals in e. 
 
 22. Prof. John Henry Wright, Harvard University : A note 
 
 on Alexander Poly his tor (Eusebius, Chron. T. 15, 16). 
 
 23. Prof. Herbert Weir Smyth, Bryn Mawr College : On 
 
 Greek tragic anapiests. 
 
 24. Prof. A. V. Williams Jackson, Columbia College : Two 
 
 ancient Persian names in Greek, 'ApravKT7]<i and (^aiSv/xr]. 
 
 25. Dr. Mortimer Lamson Earle, Barnard College : Some 
 
 remarks on the moods of will in Greek. 
 
 26. Prof. Edwin W. Fay, Washington and Lee University : 
 
 Aryan gn = Latin mn. 
 
 27. Prof. Carl Darling Buck, University of Chicago : The 
 
 passive in Oscan-Umbrian. 
 
 28. Prof. W. J. Battle, L'niversity of Texas : Magical curses 
 
 written on lead tablets. 
 
114 PROGRAJkl OF SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL EXEGESIS. 
 
 29. Dr. Charles Knait, Barnard College : Latin lexicographi- 
 cal notes. 
 
 30 and 31. Prof. W. W. Goodwin and Prof. ]\I. Wakken pre- 
 sented papers (numbered 2 and o) at the Joint Session of 
 Friday morning. 
 
 SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE AXD EXEGESIS. 
 
 (Urgauized 1880.) 
 
 J. Henry Thayer, Fresident, Harvard University. 
 
 David G. Lyon, Corresjjondlng Secretary, Harvard University. 
 
 First Special Session. 
 
 Thursday, December 27, at 2.30 i*. si. 
 
 1. Prof. George A. Barton, Bryn Mawr College : On the in- 
 
 terpretation of "»3D oy^, Judges v. 14. 
 
 2. Dr. Isaac H. Hall, Metropolitan Museum, New York: On 
 
 the new Syriac Gospels. 
 
 3. Prof. Lewis B. Baton, Hartford Theological Seminary : Did 
 
 Amos approve the calf-worship at Bethel ? 
 
 4. Dr. T. F. Wright, New Church School, Cambridge, Mass. : 
 
 The Songs of Degrees. 
 
 5. Prof. J. Henry Thayer, Harvard University : cru et7ra<?, (tv 
 
 Xeyei9, in the answers of Jesus. 
 
 Second Special Session. 
 
 Friday, December 28, at 2 40 v. m. 
 
 6. Eev. Benjamin W. Bacon, Oswego, N. Y. : The displace- 
 
 ment of John xiv. 
 
 7. Prof. Morris Jastrow, Jr., University of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Hebrew proper names compounded with ri" and in\ 
 
 8. Prof. Paul Haupt, Johns Hopkins University : On 2 Samuel 
 
 1. Zo. 
 
 9. Picv. William H. Cobb, Boston : Julius Ley on Isaiah 
 
 xl.-lxvi. 
 
PROGRAM OF MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION. 115 
 
 10. Prof. Nathaniel Schmidt, Colgate University : Mapavada, 
 
 1 Cor. xvi. 22. 
 
 11. Prof. M. S. Terky, Garrett Biblical Institute : The scope 
 
 aud plan of the Apocalypse of John. 
 
 Third Special Session. 
 
 Saturday, December 29, at 10.15 a. m. 
 
 12. Prof. George F. Moore, Andover Theological Seminary: 
 
 1 Kings vii. 46 and the question of Succoth (read by Pro- 
 fessor Lyox). 
 
 13. Eev. W. Scott Watson, Guttenberg, N. J. : Two Samaritan 
 
 manuscripts of portions of the Pentateuch (read in abstract). 
 
 14. Prof. J. P. Peters and Prof. H. Y. Hilprecht presented a 
 
 paper (numbered 1) at the Joint Session of Priday morning. 
 
 THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. 
 
 (Organized 1883.) 
 
 A. Marshall Elliott, President, Johns Hopkins University. 
 James W. Bright, Secretary, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 First Eegular Session. 
 
 Thursday, December 27, at 3 p. m. 
 
 1. Prof. W. T. Hewett, Cornell University : The life and works 
 
 of Prof. Matthias de Yries. 
 
 2. Prof. K. Francke, Harvard University : The relation of early 
 
 German romanticism to the classic ideal. 
 
 3. Prof. George Lyman Kittredge, Harvard University : Hie 
 
 Friar's Lantern. 
 
 4. Prof. Edward H. Magill, Swarthmore College : The new 
 
 method in Modern Language study. 
 
116 PROGRAM OF MODERN LAXGUAGE ASSOCIATIOX. 
 Second Kegular Session. 
 
 Friday, December 28, at 3 r. m. 
 
 5. Prof. Frederic Spencer, University of North Wales, Bangor, 
 
 Wales : On the reform of methods in teaching the Modern 
 Languages, together with an experiment in the teaching of 
 German. 
 
 6. Prof. Alex. Melville Bell, Washington, D. C. : A note on 
 
 syllabic consonants. 
 
 7. Prof. Henry E. Lang, Yale University: The metres em- 
 
 ployed by the earliest Portuguese lyric school. 
 
 8. Dr. J. Hendren Gorrell, Wake Forest College, N. C. : In- 
 
 direct discourse in Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 9. Prof. 0. F. Emerson, Cornell University : A parallel between 
 
 the Middle English poem Patience and one of the pseudo- 
 Tertullian poems. 
 
 Third PcEGUlar Session. 
 
 Saturday, December 29, at 10 a. m. 
 
 10. Mr. W. Henry Schofield, Harvard University : Eli;^abeth 
 
 Elstob : an Anglo-Saxon scholar nearly two centuries ago, 
 with her Pica for Learning in Women. 
 
 11. Dr. C. C. Marden, Johns Hopkins University : The Spanish 
 
 dialect of Mexico City. 
 
 12. Prof. C. H. Ptoss, Agricultural and Mechanical College, 
 
 Ala. : Henry Timrod and his poetry. 
 
 13. Prof. James T, Hatfield, Northwestern LTniversity : The 
 
 poetry of Wilhelm Miiller. 
 
 14. Dr. L. E. Menger, Johns Hopkins University : Early Ro- 
 
 manticists in Italy. 
 
 Fourth Regular Session. 
 
 Saturday, December 29, at 3 v. si. 
 
 15. Dr. Edwin S. Lewis, Princeton University : On the devel- 
 
 opment of inter- vocalic labials in the Romanic languages. 
 
PROGRAM OF SPELLING REFORM ASSOCIATIOX. 117 
 
 16. Dr. L. A. Ehoades, Cornell University : Notes on Goethe's 
 
 Ipkigenic. 
 
 17. Mr. Alex. W. Herdler, Princeton University: On the 
 
 Slavonic languages. 
 
 18. Dr. Thomas A. Jenkins, Philadelphia : Old French equiva- 
 
 lents of Latin substantives in -cus, -gus, -vus. 
 
 19. Prof. A. Pt. HoHLFELD, Vanderbilt University : Contril)u- 
 
 tions to a bibliography of Racine (read by title). 
 
 20. Prof. Hermann Collitz presented a paper (numbered 5) at 
 
 the Joint Session of Friday morning. 
 
 AI^IERICAN DIALECT SOCIETY. 
 
 (Orgauized 1889.) 
 
 Edward S. Sheldon, President, Harvard University. 
 Eugene H. Babbitt, Secretary, Columbia College. 
 
 Prof. E. S. Sheldon, Harvard University, read a paper (num- 
 bered 8) at the Joint Session of Friday morning. 
 
 SPELLING REFORM ASSOCIATION. 
 (Organized 1876.) 
 
 Francis A. March, President, Lafayette College. 
 
 Fred. A. Fernald, Corresjwnding Secretary, New York City. 
 
 Friday afternoon, December 28. 
 
 1. Opening remarks by President March: The movement for 
 
 spelling reform. 
 
 2. Paper by H. L. Wayland, D.D., Editor of the Examiner : 
 
 The obstacles to reform. 
 
 3. Eemarks by James W. Walk, M. D., Commissioner of Chari- 
 
 ties and Correction, Philadelphia : The advantage of a 
 reformed orthography to the children of the poor. 
 
1]8 PROGRAM OF THE ARCII.EOLOGTCAL INSTITUTE. 
 
 4. Kemarks by Charles P. G. Scott, Ph. D., Editor of JForces- 
 
 tirs Dictiumry : The attitude of philologists toward the 
 spelling reform. 
 
 5. Remarks by Patterson Du l^ois, A. M., of Philadelphia. 
 
 6. Pemarks by J. H. Allex, of Massachusetts. 
 
 7. Remarks by Mrs. E. B. Burns, of New York. 
 
 ARCH^OLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AlVIERICA. 
 
 (Orgauized 1879.) 
 
 Setii Low, President, Columbia College. 
 
 Harold jS". Fowler, Corresponduirj ."secretary, AVesteru Reserve 
 University. 
 
 First Special Session. 
 
 Friday afternoon, December 28. 
 
 1. Mrs. Sara Y. Stevenson, University of Pennsylvania : The 
 
 antiquities from Koptos at the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 2. Rev. W. C. WiNSLOW, Boston, Mass. : The explorations at 
 
 the temple of Queen Hatasu. 
 
 3. Mr. Talcott Williams, The Press, Philadelphia : Local 
 
 Moorish architecture in North Morocco. 
 
 4. Prof. Frank B. Tarbell, University of Chicago : Retrograde 
 
 inscriptions on Attic vases. 
 
 5. Prof. John Williams White, Harvard University : History 
 
 and work of the American School of Classical Studies at 
 Athens. 
 
 6. Prof. William R. Ware, Columbia College, N. Y. : The New 
 
 American School of Architecture at Rome. 
 
 Second Special Session. 
 
 Saturday morning, December 29. 
 
 7. Prof. William H. Goodyear, Brooklyn Institute : A discov- 
 
 ery of Greek horizontal curves in the Maison Carrde at 
 Nimes. 
 
PROGRAM OF THE ARCILEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. 119 
 
 8. Eev. Jonx P. Peters, New York : The excavations of the 
 
 Babylonian expedition at the temple of Bel in Nippur. 
 
 9. Prof. Allan Makquand, Princeton University : A study in 
 
 Greek architectural proportions. 
 
 10. Prof. Myeon Pt. Saxfokd, Middlebury College : The new 
 faun of the Quiriual. 
 
 11. Prof. W. C. Lawton, Philadelphia : Accretions to the Troy 
 
 myth after Homer. 
 
 12. Mr. Bark Perree, Brooklyn : Architecture of mediaeval 
 
 houses in France, 
 13 and 14. Prof. A. L. Feothingham, Jr., Princeton University : 
 Byzantine influence upon Mediieval Italy. The ivory 
 throne at Eavenna. 
 
 15. Mr. William Eankix, Jr., Princeton University: Some 
 
 early Italian pictures in American galleries. 
 
 16. Prof. Alfeed Emeeson, Cornell University : The archaeol- 
 
 ogy of Athenian politics in the fifth century B. c. 
 
 17. Prof. Federico Halbherr, University of Eome, presented 
 
 a paper (numbered 7) at the Joint Session of Friday 
 morning. 
 
III. 
 
 CHEOXOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WBIT- 
 IXGS OF WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 The Blhliographies of the Present Officers of Yale Universiti/, pub- 
 lished at New Haven, 1893, contain, pages 147-152, a list of Professor 
 Whitney's principal writings, compiled by him, and consisting of some 
 143 numbers. Mr. Whitney's list, as thus published, was very consider- 
 ably enlarged by his pupil and assistant, Dr. Hanns Oertel, of Yale Uni- 
 versity. Dr. Oertel added the titles of articles and minor papers which 
 Mr. AVhitney had not seen fit to incorporate in his own list, and published 
 the whole in a German dress in Bezzenberger's Beilrdge zur Kunde der 
 indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 20, pp. 316-331. Dr. Oertel's list has 
 been carefuU}' revised by me, and recast in form, and supplemented by a 
 few additions. Many more additions might still be made.^ 
 
 All the numbers which were not included by Mr. Whitney in his list 
 are here enclosed in square brackets. The number of pages of most of the 
 articles is indicated by giving the number of the first page and of the last. 
 If only a single page-number is given, this indicates that the paper is a 
 brief one of a page or less. 
 
 It is hoped that the list, as thus presented, may prove to be of his- 
 torical and scientific interest and also of practical service to scholars. 
 
 C. R. LAXMAN. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 AOS. = American Oriental Society. 
 
 JAOS. = Journal of the AOS. — Vol. 1, 1849 ; etc. 
 
 1 Such additions might include, for example, notices of the "preliminary 
 matter " in the Proceedings of the Orientnl Society, which, for years, was written 
 by him ; of his editorial work upon those and .«imilar ])ublications; and of the 
 printed reports made by him as Librarian of the Oriental Society. 
 
122 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 PAOS. =. Proceedings of the AOS. — For a history of this publica- 
 tion, see Whitney's Open Letter (No. 323). " In Oct. 15>G0 
 the new plan was adopted of repeating them [the Proceed- 
 ings] in the Journal, with altered continuous paging [in 
 Koinan numerals], and the volumes [of the Journal], from 
 vii. on (except vol. xii.), have contained such supplements." 
 The Proceedings have been more or less widely di.stributed 
 among Oriental scholars ; and it has therefore been deemed 
 useful to give for papers issued in the Proceedings the 
 equivalent double references to Proceedings atul Journal. 
 
 APA. = American Philological Association. 
 
 Trans. APA.= Transactions of the APA. — The " Trans, for " 18G9 and 
 1S70 form vol. 1. The " Trans, for" 1871 form vol. 2, 
 and so on (1895 = vol. 20). 
 
 Pi-oc. APA. = Proceedings of the APA. — These (like the PAOS.) were 
 long issued doubly: first separately-, soon after the meeiing; 
 and then afterwards, with the Transactions, to which they 
 formed a separate!}' paged supplement, i)r a[ipendix. 
 
 The annual meeting is held in the summer. The Pro- 
 ceedings were sometimes issued before the succeeding New 
 Year's Day and sometimes after. Hence I was sometimes 
 uncertain whether a given Proceedings paper should be 
 entered under the year of the meeting or under the fol- 
 lowing year. 
 
 AJP. = American Journal of Philology. Editerl by Basil L. Gildersleeve, 
 Professor of Greek in the Johns Hopkins University. Balti- 
 more. Vol. 1, 1880; etc. 
 
 O&LS. = Oriental and linguistic studies : First series and Second series 
 (:=Nos. 161 and 181, below, where the contents are given). 
 
 For the sake of some foreign scholars, it may be mentioned that The 
 Nalion, The Independent, and The Critic are weekly journals, 
 so named, and published in New York City. 
 
 Current 
 Number 
 
 1844. 
 
 [la.] Forms. The Williams Monthhf Miscellany. Conducted 
 hy the Students of Williams Culleye. Volume I. Henry 
 Cliickeriii!]; . . . Printer, North Adams, ]\Iass. 1844 [-Tuly, 
 1844-June, 1845]. Panes 65-67, in No. 2, for August, 
 1844. [Unsio-n.Hl] 
 
 [11..] [On the Pine Groslieak.] Ibidem, pp. 83-85, in No. 2, 
 for August, 1844. [The heading of tlie article is : " From 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWICillT WHITNEY. 123 
 
 the Lyceum of Natural History. — Family 15th Fringilliiue. 
 The Corythus Euucleator, or Pine Grosbeak." It is signed 
 " O. C." (= " Oh, see !"?). — The " Lyceum " of Natural 
 History of Williams College was founded in 1835. Mr. 
 Whitney was one of its Presidents.] 
 [Ic] [The Snowy Owl.] Ibidem, pp. 129-133, in No. 3, for 
 September, 1844. [The heading of the article reads as 
 follows : "From the Lyceum of Natural History. — Family 
 3rd Stringing, Surnia Nyctea. Snowy Owl." Signed 
 " 0. C." — This production of a seventeen-year-old boy is 
 remarkable both in form and in substance. It is the fruit 
 of keen and loving observation, set forth in vivacious and 
 charming English.] 
 
 1845. 
 [Id.] The drowned child. From Goethe's " Elective Affinities." 
 Ibidem, pp. 445-446, in No. 10, for April, 1845. [Signed 
 " Lehrling."] 
 
 1849. 
 
 1. On the grammatical structure of the Sanskrit. (Translated 
 
 and abridged from von Bohlen.) Bibliotlicca Sacra^ vol. 
 
 6, pp. 471-486, No. for August. [Signed "By W. D. 
 Whitney, Northampton, Mass."] 
 
 1850. 
 
 2. A comparison of the Greek and Latin verbs. Ibidem, vol. 
 
 7, pp. 654-668, No. for October. [Signed "By W. D. 
 Whitney, Yale College, Philolog. Department."] 
 
 1851. 
 [3.] lieport on the geology of the Lake Superior land district : 
 by J. W. Foster and J. D. Whitney, United States Geol- 
 ogists. Part II. Washington, 1851. Chapter xxi., pp. 
 359-381. Pteport on the Botany. By W. D. Whitney. 
 
 [" Remarks on the flora of this region. — Predominance of North- 
 ern types. — Effect of the Lakes in equalizing the temperature. — 
 The character of the vegetation little influenced by the geological 
 formations. — List of plants, with remarks on some of the more 
 important trees and shrubs."] 
 
ll'4 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 1852. 
 
 4. Tabellarische Darstellung der gegenseitigen Verhaltnisse 
 der Sauhitas des Kik, banian, weissen Yajiis uud Athar- 
 van. Weber's ludische titudien (Berlin), vol. 2, pp. 321- 
 368. 
 
 [5.] On the main results of the later Vedic researches in 
 Germany. (Preliminary abstract of No. 6.) PAOS. for 
 October, pp. 5-7, not included in the Journal. [This was 
 Professor Whitney's first communication to the American 
 Oriental Society, and was read to the Society at its meet- 
 ing in New Haven, Oct. 13, 1852, by Professor Salisbury, 
 the author being then in Germany.] 
 
 1853. 
 
 6. On the main results of the later Vedic researches in Ger- 
 many. JAOS., vol. 3, pp. 289-328. (Reprinted, O&LS., 
 No. 164.) 
 
 [7.] Translation of R. Eoth's On the morality of the Veda. 
 JAOS., vol. 3, pp. 329-347. 
 
 1854. 
 
 8. On the history of the Vedic texts. JAOS., vol. 4, pp. 245- 
 261. 
 
 [9-12.] Eeviews — printed in JAOS., vol. 4, pp. 457-471 — 
 of : R. Lepsius's Ueber den ersten iigyptischen Gotter- 
 kreis ; J. A. Vullers's Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymolo- 
 gicum ; Bohtlingk und Roth's Sanskrit-Worterbuch ; T. 
 Benfey's Handbuch der Sanskritsprache. 
 
 1855. 
 
 13. Bopp's Comparative accentuation of the Greek and San- 
 
 skrit languages. JAOS. vol. 5, pp. 195-218. 
 
 14. On the Avesta or the sacred scriptures of the Zoroastrian 
 
 religion. JAOS., vol. 5,' pp. 337-383. [First read before 
 the Society Oct. 18, 1854. Issued, 1856.] (Reprinted, 
 O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGIIT WHITNEY. 125 
 
 1856. 
 
 15. Contributions from the Atliarva-Veda to the theory of 
 Sanskrit verbal accent. JAOS., vol. 5, pp. 385-419. [The 
 ndf/arl type in this article was set by Mr. Whitney's own 
 hand.] [Translated by A. Kuhn into German in Kuhn 
 and Schleicher's Bcitrdge zur vergleichenden SjJraclifur- 
 sdmng, vol. 1, part 2, pp. 187-222, 1857.] 
 
 [16.] Brief biography of E. Lepsius as introduction to J. S. 
 Eopes's critique of Lepsius's Das allgemeine linguistische 
 Alphabet. BiUiothcca Sacra, vol. 13, pp. 681-684. 
 
 1855-1856. 
 
 17. Atharva- Veda-San hita, herausgegeben von E. Eoth und 
 
 W. D. Whitney. Part 1, 1855 ; part 2, 1856 ; royal 8°, 
 vi + 458 pp. 
 
 1857. 
 
 18. Alphabetisches Verzeichniss der Versanfange der Atharva- 
 
 Samhita. Weber's Indische Studien (Berlin), vol. 4, pp. 
 9-64. 
 [18a ?] Statement and appeal of the American Oriental Society. 
 [This elaborate and forcible document appears, from internal evi- 
 dence and from the statements in JAOS., vol. 6, pp. 578 and 579 
 (Minutes of meetings of May, 1857 and Oct. 1857), to have been 
 issued in the -winter of 18.57-58. It is the report of the Committee 
 on the mode of increasing the efficiency of the Society, made 
 "through the Corresponding Secretary" (W. D. W.). It is signed 
 by Edward Robinson, Theodore D. Woolsey, Rufus Anderson, C. C. 
 Felton, E. E. Salisbury, James Hadley, and AV. D. Whitney; but I 
 think there can be little doubt that all or nearly all of the actual 
 work of preparing the report is to be credited to JNIr. Whitney. — 
 C. R. L.] 
 
 1858. 
 
 19. The British in India. lieiv Englander, vol. 16, pp. 100- 
 
 141. (Eeprinted, O&LS., No. 181.) 
 [20.] On the history of religions in China. PAOS. for May, 
 
 pp. 7-8, not included in the Journal. 
 [21.] Upon the Vedic doctrine of a future life. PAOS. for 
 
 November, p. 6, not included in the Journal. (Cf. No. 24.) 
 
126 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 [l*2.] On the origin of language. TAOS, for November, pp. 
 8-J, not included in the Journal. 
 
 1859. 
 
 23. China and the Chinese. Nciu Eaglander, vol, 17, pp. 111- 
 
 143. (Keprinted, O&LS., No. 181.) 
 
 24. On the Vedic doctrine of a future life. BiUiotheca Sacra, 
 
 vol. 16, pp. 404-420. (Keprinted, O&LS., No. 164. Cf. 
 
 No. 21.) 
 [25.] On the origin of the Hmdu science of astronomy. PAOS. 
 
 for May, p. 8, not included in the Journal. 
 [26.] Comparison of the elements of the lunar eclipse of Feb. 
 
 6, 1860, as calculated according to the data and methods 
 
 of the Surya-Siddhanta, and as determined l>y modern 
 
 science. PAOS. for October, pp. 4-5, not included in the 
 
 Journal. 
 [27.] Strictures upon the views of M. Ernest Pienan respecting 
 
 the origin and early history of languages. PAOS. for 
 
 October, pp. 9-10, not included in the Journal. 
 [28.] Keview of E. A. Wilson's New history of the conquest of 
 
 Mexico. Neiv Englander, vol. 17, pp. 546-549. 
 
 [29.] The Eosetta stone and its inscription. Ibidem, pp. 549- 
 
 550. 
 
 1860. 
 
 30. Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, a text-book of Hindu 
 astronomy : with notes, and an appendix. JAOS., vol. 6, 
 pp. 141-498. [P)()tli translation and notes are entirely by 
 Professor Whitney, though in the work itself tliis fact 
 is acknowledged only in tlie words " assisted by the Com- 
 mittee of Publication."] 
 
 [30a.] Note on Arya-bhatta and his writings (Laghu-Arya- 
 Siddhanta). JAOS., vol. 6, pp. 560-564. 
 
 [31.] On Midler's History of Vedic literature. PAOS. for 
 October, = JAOS., vol. 7, p. viii. (Cf. No. 33.) 
 
 1861. 
 32. China and the West. JVew Englander, vol. 19, pp. 1-31. 
 (Eeprinted, O&LS., No. 181.) 
 
WIUTIXCJS OF WILLIAM DWKJIIT WIIITXEY. 127 
 
 33. jMuller's History of Vedic literature. Christian Examiner, 
 
 vol. 70, pp. 251-281. (Keprinted, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
 34. On Lepsius's Standard Alphabet. JAOS., vol. 7, pp. 299- 
 
 332. (Cf. No. 68.) 
 
 35. Review of Soule and Wheeler's Manual of English pro- 
 nunciation and spelling. New Enfjlander, vol. 19, pp. 
 913-929. 
 
 [36.] Remarks upon E. Webb's On the Scythian affinities of 
 the Dravidian languages. JAOS., vol. 7, pp. 296-298. 
 
 [37.] Remarks on Rev. R. Caldwell's Comparative Dravidian 
 grammar. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 7, pp. xiii-xiv. 
 
 [38.] On the ancient and modern dialects of the Persian lan- 
 guage. Ibidem, p. xiv. (Brief announcement.) 
 
 [39.] On Lepsius's Standard Alphabet. PAOS. for October, 
 = JAOS., vol. 7, p. xlix. (Brief announcement of No. 34.) 
 
 1862. 
 40. Tlie Atharva-Veda-Praticakhya, or (^'aunaklya Caturadhy- 
 
 ayika : text, translation, and notes. JAOS., vol. 7, pp. 
 
 333-616. [Also separately.] 
 [41.] Announcement concerning No. 40. PAOS. for May, := 
 
 JAOS., vol. 7, pp. liii-liv. 
 [42.] The teachings of the Yedic Prati^akhyas with respect to 
 
 the theory of accent and the pronunciation of groups of 
 
 consonants. PAOS. for Octolier, = JAOS., vol. 7, p. Ivii. 
 [43.] On the views of Biot and Weber respecting the origin of 
 
 the Hindu and Chinese asterisms. PAOS. for October, =: 
 
 JAOS., vol. 7, pp. lix-lx. (Cf. No. 44.) 
 
 1863. 
 44. On the views of Biot and Weber respecting the relations 
 
 of the Hindu and Chinese systems of asterisms ; with an 
 
 addition, on Miiller's views respecting the same subject. 
 
 JAOS., vol. 8, pp. 1-94. (Cf. Nos. 43 and 69.) 
 [45.] The Taittiriya Praticakhya. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., 
 
 vol. 8, p. xii. (Brief announcement: cf. No. 137.) 
 [46.] On Miiller's view^s respecting the relation of the Hindu 
 
 and Chinese asterisms, and respecting other points in Hindu 
 
12S CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 astronomy and clironology. TAOS, for October, = JAOS., 
 vol. 8, pp. xvii-xviii. (Abstract of part of No. 44.) 
 [47.] On the relation of language to the problem of human 
 unity. PA08. for October, = JAOS., vol. 8, pp. xxii- 
 xxiii. (Cf. No. 77.) 
 
 1861-1863. 
 
 48-56. The following articles in Appleton's Neio American 
 Cyclopccdia, first edition : Persia, language and literature 
 of, vol. lo, pp. 164-171; Sanscrit, vol. 14, pp. 334-339; 
 Semitic race and languages, ibidem, pp. 499-501 ; Syriac 
 language and literature, vol. 15, pp. 266-268 ; Turanian 
 race and languages, ibidem, pp. 641-643 ; Turkish language 
 and literature, ibidem, pp. 657-660 ; Veda, vol. 16, pp. 38- 
 40; Zendavesta, ^6^Vit'm,pp. 628-629; Zoroaster, ibidem, p. 
 655. Cf. Nos. 290 and 307 and 308-310. 
 
 1864. 
 
 57. Brief abstract of a series of six lectures on the Principles of 
 Linguistic Science, delivered at the Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion in March, 1864. Smithsonian Rej)ort for 1864, pp. 
 95-116. 
 
 [58.] On the origin of language. PAOS. for October, = JAOS., 
 vol. 8, p. Iv. 
 
 [58a.] Pieview of Charles L. Brace's The races of the Old 
 World : a manual of ethnology. North American Review, 
 vol. 98, pp. 273-276. 
 
 1865. 
 
 59. On the Jyotisha observation of the place of the colures, and 
 
 the date derivable from it. Journal of the Royal Asiatic 
 Society of Great Britain and Ireland, new series, vol. 1, 
 pp. 316-331. 
 
 60. On iMiiller's second series of lectures on the Science of 
 
 Language. Xorth American Reviev:, vol. 100, pp. 565-581. 
 (Eeprinted, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
 61. Is the study of language a physical science? Ibidem, vol. 
 
 101, pp. 434-474. 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWKillT WIIITXEY. 129 
 
 [61a.] Ixeview of S. S. Hakleman's Affixes in their origin and 
 application, exhibiting the etymologic structure of English 
 words. Ibidem, vol. 101, pp. 584-587. 
 
 [62.] Necrology of the Hon. Charles W. Bradley. PADS, for 
 May, — JAGS., vol. 8, pp. Ix-lxii. 
 
 [63.] On the detinition and relations of vowel and consonant. 
 PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 8, pp. Ixviii-lxix. (Abstract 
 of the " notes " mentioned in No. 68.) 
 
 [64] Reply to the strictures of Professor Weber upon liis 
 essay respecting tlie asterismal system of the Hindus, 
 Arabs, and Chinese. PAOS. for October, = JAOS., vol. 8, 
 pp. Ixxxiii-lxxxiv. (Abstract of No. 69.) 
 
 \_Qo.'] On Pictet's w-ork : Indo-European Origins, or the Primi- 
 tive Aryans. Ihidcm, pp. Ixxxv-lxxxvi. 
 
 [66.] Eeview of W. R. Alger's The poetry of the Orient. The 
 Nation, vol. 1, October 26. 
 
 [67.] Pieview of Saadi's Gulistan, or Rose Garden . . . trans- 
 lated by Francis Gladwin. The Nation, November 23. 
 
 68. On Lepsius's Standard Alphabet : a letter of explanations 
 
 from Professor Lepsius, with notes by W. D. Whitney. 
 JAOS., vol. 8, pp. 335-373. (Cf. Nos. 34 and 63; also 
 O&LS., No. 181, essay ix.) 
 
 1866. 
 
 69. Reply to the strictures of Professor Weber upon an essay 
 
 respecting the asterismal system of the Hindus, Aral:)S, 
 
 and Chinese. JAOS., vol. 8, pp. 382-398. (Cf. No. 64.) 
 [70.] Critique of Alford's A plea for the Queen's English. 
 
 North American Review, vol. 103, pp. 563-572. (Reprinted, 
 
 O&LS., No. 181.) 
 [71.] Review of J. Wilson's Phrasis : a treatise on the history 
 
 and structure of the different languages of the w^orld. The 
 
 Nation, August 2. 
 [72.] On the beginnings of Indo-European speech. PAOS. for 
 
 May, = JAOS., vol. 9, p. vi. 
 [73.] On the classification of languages. PAOS. for October, 
 
 = JAOS., vol. 9, p. xi. 
 
 9 
 
130 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 1867. 
 
 74. Language ami the study of language : twelve lectures on 
 
 the principles of linguistic science. New York, 12°, xi -|- 
 489 pp. [Translated into German by Prof. Julius Jolly, 
 1874, Mlinchen (Aekermann), 8°, xxix -|- 713 pp.; — 
 into Netherlandish liy J. Beckering Vinckers, 2 vols., 
 1877-81, Haarlem (Bohn), 8°, xvi + 436 pp. and iv + 
 476 pp.] (Cf. No. 206.) 
 
 75. The value of linguistic science to ethnology. New Emj- 
 
 landcr, vol. 26, pp. 30-52. 
 
 76. Languages and dialects. North American Review, vol. 104, 
 
 pp. 30-64. 
 
 77. On the testimony of language respecting the unity of the 
 
 human race. Ibidem, vol. 105, pp. 214-241. (Cf. No. 
 47.) 
 
 78. Key and Oppert on Indo-European philology. Ibidem, pp. 
 
 521-554. (Reprinted, O&LS., No. 164, essay vii.) 
 
 79. The aim and object of the Sheffield Scientific School. 
 
 Annual Statement for 1867-68, pp. 9-21. 
 [80.] How shall we spell? The Nation, April 25, May 2, 
 
 June 6. (Beprinted, O&LS., No. 181.) 
 [81.] On the views of Professor Key and M. 0})pert rc'^pecting 
 
 Sanskritic and Indo-European philology. PAOS. for May, 
 
 = JAOS., vol. 9, pp. xvii-xviii. (Cf. No. 78.) 
 [82.] On the translation of the Veda. PAOS. for October, = 
 
 JAOS., vol. 9, pp. xxxiv-xxxvi. (Cf. No. 87.) 
 [83.] G. W. Moon's Strictures on Dean Alford's Essays on the 
 
 Queen's English. New Englander, vol. 26, pp. 173-176. 
 [84.] Beview of W. Simson's A history of the Gipsies. Ibidem, 
 
 pp. 176-177. 
 [85.] Beview of M. Scheie de Vere's Studies in English. North 
 
 American Revierv, vol. 104, pp. 631-635. 
 [86.] Beview of B. Soule and W. A. Wheeler's First lessons in 
 
 reading. Ibidem, pp. 655-658. 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY. 131 
 
 1868. 
 
 87. The translation of the Veda. North American Review, vol. 
 
 106, pp. 515-542. (Eeprinted, O&LS., No. 164. Of. Xo. 
 82.) 
 
 88. On A. M. Bell's Visible speech. Ibidem, vol. 107, pp. 347- 
 
 358. (Reprinted, O&LS., No. 181.) 
 
 [88a.] Eeview of J. P. Lesley's Man's origin and destiny. 
 Ibidem, vol. 107, pp. 368-370. 
 
 [89.] On Bell's Visible speech. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 
 9, pp. xxxix-xl. (Abstract of No. 88.) [This was at 
 the meeting in Boston. It was the only communication 
 presented.] 
 
 [90-99.] Reviews — in The (New York) Natio7i — of : F. Max 
 Mliller's Chips from a German workshop, I., II. (cf. No. 
 106) ; J. Legge's The life and teachings of Confucius and 
 A. W. Loomis's Confucius and the Chinese classics ; A^'on 
 Martius's Beitriige zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde 
 Amerikas, zumal Brasiliens ; The first volume of the 
 M^moires de la Soci^td de Linguistique of Paris ; J. P. 
 Brown's Ancient and modern Constantinople ; F. Max 
 Mliller's On the stratification of languages ; A. Weber's 
 Indische Streifen ; G. W. Moon's Bad English of Lindley 
 Murray, and other writers on tlie English language ; R. T. 
 H. Griffith's Scenes from the Ramayan,etc. ; John Beames's 
 Outlines of Indian philology. 
 
 [100.] Histories of India. North American Revieio, vol. 106, 
 pp. 340-345. 
 
 [101.] Obituary of Franz Bopp. Proceedings of the American 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences for June, 1868, vol. 8, pp. 
 47-49. 
 
 '[102.] Review of F. Max Mliller's On the stratification of lan- 
 guage. Atlantic Monthly for December, pp. 761-762. 
 
 1864-1868. 
 [103-105.] Notices of the Oratorios, Mendelssohn's " St. Paul," 
 Hiindel's "Messiah," and Haydn's "Creation," for the New 
 Haven newspapers. 
 
132 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 1869. 
 
 106. On Miiller's Chips from a German workshop, I., II. 
 North American Review, vol. 109, pp. 544-556. (Reprinted, 
 O&LS., No. 181.) 
 
 107. A Compendious German Grammar, with supplement of 
 exercises. New York, 12°, xvi + 252 -}- 51 pp. [This 
 description does not fit the very first edition, which is 
 without the supplement.] 
 
 [108.] On Prof. Max Miiller's Translation of the Rig-Veda. 
 PAOS. for October, = JAOS., vol. 9, p. Ixiv. (Cf. No. 133.) 
 
 [109-111.] Reviews — in the North American Review, vol. 
 108, pp. 290-296 — of : C. S. Wake's Chapters on man ; 
 John Chalmers's The origin of the Chinese ; G. Pauthier's 
 M^moires sur I'anticjuite de I'liistoire et de la civilisation 
 Chinoises. 
 
 [112-113.] Reviews — /&tVZcm, vol. 108, pp. 655-661 — of: 
 Hunter's The annals of rural Bengal ; Hunter's A com- 
 parative dictionary of the languages of India and High 
 Asia. 
 
 [113a.] Review of John D. Baldwin's Pre-historic nations. 
 Ihidem, vol. 109, pp. 594-596. 
 
 [114-118.] Reviews — in The Nation— oi: Hunter's The 
 annals of rural Bengal ; Bholonauth Chunder's The travels 
 of a Hindoo to various parts of Bengal and Upper India ; 
 F. Lorinser's Die Bhagavad-Glta ; S. Beal's Travels of 
 Fah-hian and Sung-Yun, Buddhist Pilgrims from China to 
 India ; W. H. J. Bleek's On the origin of language (this 
 last, reprinted, O&LS., No. 164). 
 
 [110.] Ohituary of August Schleicher, The i\^r^^/o«, January 28. 
 
 [119a.] The Philological Convention. The Nation, August 9, 
 1869. [Notes and comments upon the first convention of 
 the APA., which took place at Poughkeepsie, 1869. Cf. 
 No. 122a.] 
 
 1870. 
 
 120. A German Reader, in prose and verse, with notes and 
 vocabulary. New York, 12°, x + ^^23 pp. 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY. 133 
 
 121. Mliller on the science of religion. The Nation, No. 276, 
 October 13. 
 
 122. On comparative grammars. North American Review, vol. 
 Ill, pp. 199-208. 
 
 [122a.] Notes on the Rochester meeting of the American 
 
 Philological Association. The Nation, August 11. [Cf. 
 
 No. 119a.] 
 [123.] Review of L. Jacolliofs La Bible dans I'lnde. The 
 
 Nation. 
 [124.] On comparative grammars. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., 
 
 vol. 9, pp. Ixxxiii-lxxxiv. (Cf. No. 122.) 
 [125.] On the system of duplication in consonant groups, as 
 
 taught by the ancient Hindu grammarians. PAOS. for 
 
 October, = JAOS., vol. 9, pp. Ixxxix-xc. 
 [126.] On Cox's Mythology of the Aryan nations. Ibidem, 
 
 p. xcii. (Cf. No. 1320 
 [127.] Address to the American Philological Association by 
 
 W. D. Whitney, as its President. Proc. APA. for 1870, 
 
 pp. 4-7, in Trans, for 1869-70. 
 [128.] The Sanskrit accent. Ihidem, pp. 8-9. (Cf. No. 130.) 
 [129.] The present state of the discussion of the origin of lan- 
 guage. Ihidem, pp. 18-19. (Cf. No. 131.) 
 
 1871. 
 
 130. On the nature and designation of the accent in Sanskrit. 
 Trans. APA. for 1869-70, pp. 20-45. 
 
 131. On the present condition of the question as to the origin of 
 language. Ihidem, pp. 84-94. (Reprinted, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
 132. On Cox's Mythology of the xVryan nations. North Ameri- 
 can Review, vol. 112, pp. 218-229. (Reprinted, O&LS., 
 No. 181.) 
 
 [132a.] Review of F. A. March's Anglo-Saxon Grammar and 
 Reader. Ihidem, vol. 112, pp. 429-433. 
 
 133. On Muller's translation of the Rig- Veda. Ihidem, vol. 
 113, pp. 174-187. (Reprinted, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
 134. Language and Education. Ihidem, pp. 343-374. (Re- 
 printed, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
134 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 135. On Miiller's Lectures on the Science of Language, 6tli ed. 
 Ibidem, pp. 430— 1:4 L (Kepriuted, ()&LS., No. 164.) 
 
 136. Examination of Dr. Haug's views respecting Sanskrit ac- 
 centuation. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 10, pp. ix-xi. 
 (Cf. No. 186.) 
 
 137. The Taittirlya-PratiQakhya, witli its commentary, the 
 Trihhashyaratna : text, translation, and notes. JAOS., 
 vol. 9, pp. 1-469. [Fills the entire volume of the Journal 
 proper.] (Cf. No. 45.) 
 
 [137a.] Notice of the Reports of the Geological Survey of 
 California. American Juarnal of Science, vol. 1, 3d series, 
 pp. 300-301. 
 
 [138.] On Prof. 11. lioth's recent contributions to the interpre- 
 tation of the Avesta. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 10, 
 pp. xv-xvi. 
 
 [139.] On Rev. S. A. Rhea's Kurdish Grammar. PAOS. for 
 October, = JAOS., vol. 10, pp. xli-xlii. 
 
 [140.] On the collation of a new MS. of the Atharva-Yeda 
 Pratigakhya. Ibidem, pp. xliii-xliv. (Cf. No. 228.) 
 
 [141.] Abstract of No. 150, which see. Proc. APA., pp. 17-18, 
 in Trans, for 1871. 
 
 [142.] Review of Geological Survey of California : Ornithology. 
 Vol. 1. Land Birds. The Nation, May 18, 1871. 
 
 [143.] Review of R. G. White's Words and their uses, past and 
 present. JVe^v Englandcr, vol. 30, pp. 305-311. 
 
 [144-147.] Reviews — in The Nation — of: R. Roth's Contri- 
 butions to the interpretation of the Avesta ; F. ]\Iax IMiil- 
 ler's Chips from a German workshop, vol. 3 ; F. Ebener 
 and E. M. Greenway's Words : their history and deriva- 
 tion ; J. F. Clarke's Ten great religions. 
 
 1872. 
 
 148. Steinthal on the origin of language. North American Re- 
 view, vol. 114, pp. 272-308. (Reprinted, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
 J 49. Jacolliot's Bible in India. The Independent, May 2. 
 
 150. Strictures on the views of August Schleicher respecting 
 the nature of language and kindred subjects. Trans. APA. 
 for 1871, pp. 35-64. (Reprinted, O&LS., No. 164.) 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGIIT WHITNEY. 135 
 
 [151.] Eemarks on the study of Hindu religions. TAOS, for 
 October, = JAOS., vol. 10, p. Ix. 
 
 [152.] Abstract of No. 165, which see. Froc. APA., p. 23, in 
 Trails, for 1872. 
 
 [153.] Obituary uf Th. Goldstlicker. The Nation, April 4. 
 
 [154-157.] Reviews — in The Nation^ — of : J. Edkins's 
 China's place in philology ; J. 0. Moffat's A comparative 
 history of religions ; F. Max Miiller's Ueber die Resultate 
 der Sprachwissenschaft ; S. Johnson's Oriental religions 
 and their relation to universal religion. 
 
 [158.] Obituary of James Hadley. The A^a/tt'ow, November 21. 
 
 [159.] Review of H. Wedgwood's A dictionary of English ety- 
 mology. North American Review, vol. 115, pp. 423-428. 
 
 [160-162.] Reviews — in The (^New York) Independent — of: 
 Max Miiller's On the philosophy of mythology (January 
 25) ; J. F. Clarke's Ten great religions (March 7) ; L. Ja- 
 colliot's The Bible in India (May 2). 
 
 [163.] Obituary of James Hadley. New Haven Daihj Palla- 
 dium, Noveml)er 15. (Issued also, together with a list of 
 Hadley's works, as an appendix to the reprint — from the 
 Neio Unr/landir of January, 1873 — of President Porter's 
 Funeral Discourse. Cf. No. 179.) 
 
 1873. 
 
 164. Oriental and Linguistic Studies : the Veda ; the Avesta ; 
 the Science of Language. New York, 12°, ix -)- 417 pp. 
 
 CONTENTS : 
 
 i. The Vedas. (= current No. 6 of this bibliography.) 
 
 ii. The Verlic doctrine of a future life. (No. 24.) 
 
 iii. Miiller's History of Vedic literature. (No. 33.) 
 
 iv. The translation of the Veda. (No. 87.) 
 
 V, Miiller's Rig- Veda translation. (No. 133.) 
 
 vi. The Avesta. (No. 14.) 
 
 vii. Indo-European philology and ethnology. (No. 78.) 
 
 viii. Miiller's Lectures on language. (Nos. 60 and 135.) 
 
 ix. Present state of the question as to the origin of language. (No. 131 .) 
 
 X. Bleek and the simious theory of language. (No. 118.) 
 
 xi. Schleicher and the physical theory of language. (No. 150.) 
 
 xii. Steinthal and the psychological theory of language. (No. 148.) 
 
 xiii. Language nnd education. (No. 134.) 
 
136 ClIllOXOLCKilCAL lUBLIOGUArilY OF THE 
 
 165. On materiiil anil foi lu in language. Trans. APA. for 1872, 
 i:)p. 77-96. 
 
 166. Notes to Colebrooke's Essay on the Vedas. Pp. 10;5-132 
 of vol. 1 of the second edition of Colebrooke's Essays, 
 London, 8°. 
 
 167. Intercollegiate emulation. TJtc Natlun, No. 399, Febru- 
 ary 20. 
 
 168. On the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories. Ameri- 
 can Journal of Science for Dec. 1873, vol. 6, pp. 463- 
 466. 
 
 169. Hall's Kecent exemplifications of false philology. The 
 New York Times, February 26. 
 
 170. Hall's Modern English. Ibidem, December 6. 
 
 171. The Hayden Expedition (letters from Colorado). The Nevj 
 York Tribune, extra No. 14, December 30. [Translated 
 by Emile Delerot into French in Le Tour du Monde, 
 Nouveau Journal des Voyages public sous la direction de 
 M. Edouard Charton (Paris, Hachette), pp. 353-368.] 
 
 172. Text-books for the study of Sanskrit. The (Yale) Collerje 
 Courant, December 13. Eeprinted, with corrections and 
 additions, June 27, 1874. 
 
 173. La question de I'anusvara Sanscrit. Memoires de la Societe 
 de Linguistique de Paris, vol. 2 (1875), pp. 194-190. [Dated 
 April 10, 1873 ; issued 1875.] (Cf. No. ]85.) 
 
 [174.] On the so-called vowel-increment, with special refer- 
 ence to the views of Mr. J. Peile. PAOS. for May, = 
 JAOS., vol. 10, pp. Ixvii-lxviii. 
 
 [175.] On Johannes Schmidt's new theory of the relationship 
 of Indo-European languages. PAOS. for October, = JAOS., 
 vol. 10, pp. Ixxvii-lxxviii. 
 
 [176.] On Mori's proposal that the Japanese adopt English as 
 a national language. The Kaiion, January 23. 
 
 [177.] Hall's ExempliHcations of false philology. The Nation, 
 May 15. 
 
 [178.] Eeview of J. Garrett's Classical dictionary of India. 
 Tlic (New York) Independent, April 10. 
 
 [179.] Edited: Essays, ])hilological and critical, selected from 
 the papers of James Hadley, LL.D., Professor of Greek in 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLI A^r DWIOIIT AVIIITXKY. 137 
 
 Yale College. [With preface by W. 1). W.J New York. 
 8°, vii + 424 pp. (Cf. No. 163.) 
 
 To this year seem to belong the Cyclopedia articles, 
 
 Nos. 308-310. 
 
 1874. 
 
 180. On Darwinism and language. North American Rcvieiv, 
 vol. 119, pp. 61-88. 
 
 181. Oriental and linguistic studies. Second series : The East 
 and West ; religion and mythology ; orthography and 
 phonology ; Hindu astronomy. New York, 12'', xi -|- 
 432 pp. [The volume contains a "Chart, illustrating 
 the Hindu, Arab, and Chinese Lunar Zodiac," drawn by 
 W. D. W.] 
 
 CONTENTS: 
 
 i. The British in India. (= cm-rent No. 19 of tliis bibliography.) 
 
 ii. China and the Chinese. (No. 23.) 
 
 ill. China and the West. (No. 32.) 
 
 iv. jNIiiller's Chips from a German workshop. (No. lOG.) 
 
 V. Cox's Aryan mythology. (No. 132.) 
 
 vi. Alford's Queen's English. (No. 70.) 
 
 vii. How shall we spell ? (No. 80.) 
 
 viii. The elements of English pronmiciation. (See note.) 
 
 ix. The relation of vowel and consonant. (No. 68 ; and see note.) 
 
 X. Bell's Visible speech. (No. 88.) 
 
 xi. On the accent in Sanskrit. (See note.) 
 
 xii. On the lunar zodiac of India, Arabia, and China. (See note.) 
 
 Note. — " The eighth, ninth, eleventh, and twelfth articles are entirely 
 rewritten, though including more or less matter already published." See 
 Whitney's Preface, p. viii. 
 
 182. Who shall direct the national surveys ? The Nation, No. 
 464, May 21. 
 
 183. On Peile's Greek and Latin etymology. Trans. Philol. 
 Soc. of London for 1873-74, part iii., pp. 299-327. 
 
 184. On the Chinese sieu as constellations. PAOS. for j\Iay, 
 = JAOS., vol. 10, pp. Ixxxii-lxxxv. 
 
 185. On recent discussions as to the phonetic character of the 
 Sanskrit anusvdra. Ihidem, pp. Ixxxvi-lxxxviii. (Cf. No. 
 173.) 
 
138 CIIROXOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 186. On the Sanskrit accent and Dr. Haug. Ibidem for Octo- 
 Ler, })[). ciii-cv. (Cf. No. 136.) 
 
 [186a.J lleview of Isaac Taylor's Etruscan Researches. North 
 American Review, \o\. 119, pp. 244-247. 
 
 [187.] The proi)()rti()nal elements of English utterance. Proc. 
 APA. pp. 14-17, in Trans, for 1874. 
 
 [188.] The relation of vowels and consonants, and certain in- 
 ferences from it. Ibidem, pp. 26-28. 
 
 [189.] ^uo-ei or ^e'o-ei ? /kV^cw, pp. 34-35. (Abstract of No. 
 195.) 
 
 [190.] Review of B. H. Hodgson's Essays on the languages, lit- 
 erature, and religion of Nepal and Tibet. Tlic Nation, 
 December 3. 
 
 [191.] Review of E. B. Cowell's edition of H. T. Colebrooke's 
 Miscellaneous essays. Tlic (New York) Independent, 
 April 16. 
 
 [192.] Review of L. J. Trotter's History of India. Ibidem, 
 November 26. 
 
 [193.] On the study of English grammar. Connecticut School 
 Journcd (New Haven), vol. 4, January. 
 
 1875. 
 
 194. The Life and Growth of Language : an outline of linguis- 
 tic science. (International Scientific Series, vol. 16.) New 
 York, 12°, ix ~|- 326 pp. [Translated into German by 
 Prof. A. Leskien, 1876, 12°, xv + 350 pp., Leipzig (P,r<)ck- 
 haus) ; into French, 1876, 8°, vii + 264 pp., Paris (Bail- 
 liere); into Italian by Prof. F. d'Ovidio, 1876, 8°, xxi + 
 389 pp., Milan (Dumolard); into Netherlandish by G. 
 Velderman, 1879, 8°, vi + 274 pp., Arnhem (Quint) ; 
 into Swedish by G. Stjernstrbm, 1880, 12°, viii -f 320 pp., 
 Stockholm (Bjcirck).] 
 
 195. ^vaeL or Oeaei — natural or conventional? Trans. APA. 
 for 1874, pp. 95-116. 
 
 196. Are languages institutions? Contcmpo7'ari/ Bcvieiv (Lon- 
 don), vol. 25, pp. 713-732. 
 
 197. Streitfragen der heutigen Sprachphilosophie. Deutsche 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWICIIT WIIITXEY. 139 
 
 Riindschuu (Berlin), vol. 4, Xu. for Aug. 1875, pp. 259- 
 279. • 
 
 [198.] lieport of progress in the edition of the Atharva-Veda. 
 PAOS. for November, = J AGS., vol. 10, pp. cxviii-cxix. 
 
 [199.] Professor Whitney on Language. The (London) Acad- 
 emy, September, 1875. 
 
 [200.] Eeview of A. Scliiefner's BharaUe responsa Tibetice cum 
 versione latina. Jenaer Liter aturzcitung. June 11, 1875. 
 [Festival-number, in celebration of Btihtlingk's sixtieth 
 birthday and of the completion of the Sanskrit- Wcirter- 
 biich.] 
 
 1876. 
 
 201. On the classification of the forms of the Sanskrit aorist. 
 PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 10, pp. cxxiv-cxxv. 
 
 202. ZeO = dydus, and other points relating to Sanskrit gram- 
 mar, as presented in M. Miiller's recent volume of " Chips." 
 Ibidem, pp. cxxvi-cxxix. 
 
 203. On De Kouge's derivation of the Phenician alphabet from 
 the Egyptian characters. PAOS. for November, = JAOS., 
 vol. 10, pp. cxxxi-cxxxii. 
 
 204. The study of English grammar. Neiv Englaiul Journal 
 of Education, March 18, April 15, May 13. 
 
 205. Miiller's Kig-Veda and commentary. Ncio Englander, vol. 
 35, pp. 772-791. 
 
 Language. Article in Johnson's Nevj Universal CyclopcB- 
 
 dia, vol. 2, pp. 1633-1641. [This article seems to belong 
 to 1876, but was entered also under 1886, and numbered 
 there.] 
 
 [206.] Language and its study, with especial reference to the 
 Indo-European family of languages. Seven lectures by 
 W. D. W., . . . ; edited, with introduction, notes, tables of 
 declension and conjugation, Grimm's law with illustra- 
 tions, and an index, by tlie Eev. P. Morris. London, 1876. 
 [The first " seven lectures " of No. 74. See above, p. 76, 
 note.] 
 
 [206a.] Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm : with an introduction 
 and notes. [In the series, " Whitney's German Texts."] 
 New York, 12°, ii-f]38pp. 
 
140 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 207. The system of the Sanskrit verlj. Proc. APA., pp. G-8, in 
 Trans, for 1876. 
 
 [208.] The question of Indo-European and Semitic relation- 
 ship. Proc. APA., pp. 26-28, in Trans, for 1876. 
 
 [208a.] Keport of the Committee appointed in 1875 to consider 
 the Keform of English Spelling [by its Chairman, W. D. W. : 
 see Proc. APA., p. 23, in Trans, for 1875]. Proc. APA., 
 pp. 35-36, in Trans, for 1876. (See p. 33, above.) 
 
 [209.] A botanico-philological problem. Ibidem, p. 43. (Cf. 
 No. 216.) 
 
 [210.] A rejoinder [to Max Mliller's In self-defence, Chips, 
 vol. 4]. The (London) Academy, Jan. 1, 1876. 
 
 [211.] Keply to Mliller's answer to No. 210. The (London) 
 Examiner, March 4, 1876. 
 
 [212.] Reply to Mliller's declaration in The (London) Academy 
 of Feb. 12, 1876. The Nation, March 16, 1876. 
 
 [213.] Mliller's Chips from a German workshop. The Nation, 
 March 23, 1876, pp. 195 J-197 h. 
 
 [214.] The (London) Academy and Professor Whitney. Tlie 
 Nation, March 30, 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 
 215. Essentials of English Grammar, for the use of schools. 
 Boston, 12°, xi + 260 pp. 
 
 [215a.] A compendious German and English dictionary. With 
 notation of correspondences and brief etymologies. By 
 W. D. W., assisted by A. H. Edgren. New York, 8°, viii -f 
 538 + iv + 362 pp. 
 
 [We quote from the Preface to the work : " In its preparation I 
 have had the able and efficient assistance of Dr. Kdgren, witliout 
 ■which the undertaking would probably never have been executed."] 
 
 216. A botanico-philological problem. Trans. APA. for 1876, 
 pp. 73-86. 
 
 217. On Cockneyisms. Proc. APA., pp. 26-28, in Trans, for 
 1877. 
 
 218. On the current explanation of the middle endings in the 
 Indo-European verb. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 10, 
 pp. cxliii-cxlv. 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGIIT WIIITXEY. 141 
 
 219. Re\'iew of T. L. Douse's book on Grimm's Law. Tlie 
 
 Nation, Xo. 631, August 2. 
 [220.] On tlie comparative frequency of occurrence of the 
 
 alphabetic elements in Sanskrit. PAOS. for October, = 
 
 JAOS., vol. 10, pp. cl-clii. 
 [221.] On surd and sonant. Proc. APA., pp. 8-9, in Trans. 
 
 for 1877. (Cf. No. 223.) 
 [222.] The principle of economy as a phonetic force. Ibidem, 
 
 p. 14. (Cf. No. 224.) 
 
 1878. 
 
 223. On the relation of surd and sonant. Trans. APA. for 
 1877, pp. 41-57. 
 
 224. The principle of economy as a phonetic force. Ibidem, 
 pp. 123-134. 
 
 225. On the derivative conjugations of the Sanskrit verb. 
 PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 10, pp. clxviii-clxx. 
 
 1879. 
 
 226. A Sanskrit Grammar, including both the classical lan- 
 guage and the older dialects, of Veda and Brahmana. 
 Leipzig (Breitkopf u. Htirtel), 8°, xxiv + 486 pp. (Trans- 
 lated into German by Prof. H. Zimmer. Ibidem, 1879, 8°, 
 xxviii + 520 pp.) [For the 2d ed., see No. 319.] 
 
 [227.] On certain points in Sanskrit grammar. PAOS. for 
 October, = JAOS., vol. 11, pp. xvii-xix. 
 
 1880. 
 
 228. Collation of a second manuscript of the Atharva-Veda 
 Prati^akhya, JAOS., vol. 10, pp. 156-171. (Presented to 
 the Society in 1871. Cf. No. 140.) 
 
 229. Logical consistency in views of language. AJP., vol. 1, 
 pp. 327-343. 
 
 230. Miiller's Sacred books of the East. The Lulependent, 
 November 11. 
 
 231. Sayce on the science of language. The Nation, No. 774, 
 April 29. 
 
142 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 232. On the rules of external combination in Sanskrit. PAOS. 
 for May, = Jour. vol. 11, pp. xxxii-xxxiv. 
 
 233. ()n the transliteration of Sanskrit. Ibidem for October, 
 vol. 1 1, pp. li-liv. 
 
 [234.] (Announcement of) Index-Verborum to the published 
 
 text of the Atharva-Veda. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., 
 
 vol. 11, p. xxvi. 
 [235.] Statistics of external vowel-combination in the Rig- 
 
 and Atharva-Vedas, by W. 1). Wliitney and W. Haskell. 
 
 Ibidem for October, pp. xxxvii-xxxix. 
 [236.] Logical consistency in views of language. Proc. APA., 
 
 pp. 13-lG, in Trans, for 1880. (Abstract of Xo. 22J.) 
 
 1881. 
 
 237. Index-Verborum to the published text of the Atharva- 
 Veda. JAOS., vol. 12, pp. 1-383. [Fills the entire 
 volume.] 
 
 238. On the so-called science of religion. Princeton Review 
 for May, 1881 (57th year), pp. 429-452. 
 
 239. On inconsistency in views of language. Trans. APA. for 
 1880, pp. 92-112. 
 
 240. What is articulation ? AJP., vol. 2, pp. 345-350. 
 
 241. On Lspsius's Nubian grammar. Ibidem, pp. 362-372. 
 [242.] On Lepsius's views of African languages. PAOS. for 
 
 May, =: JAOS., vol. 11, pp. Lwii-lxix. 
 
 [243.] On the so-called henotheism of the Veda. IJndem for 
 October, pp. Ixxix-lxxxii. 
 
 [244.] On mixture in language. Proc. APA., pp. 13-14, in 
 Trans, for 1881. (Cf. No. 255.) 
 
 [245.] What is articulation ? Ibidem, pp. 21-22. (Cf. No. 
 240.) 
 
 [246-251.] Reviews — in The Nation — of: E. H. Palmer's 
 The Qur'an, translated ; L. E. Poor's Sanskrit and its 
 kindred literatures ; T. Benfey's Vedica und Verwandtes 
 and Vedica und Linguistica ; F. ^lax Mliller's Chips from 
 a German workshop, vol. 5 ; E. B. Tylor's Anthropology ; 
 J. F. McCurdy's Aryo-Semitic speech. 
 
^VK1T1NGS OF WILLIAM DWIGIIT WHITNEY. 143 
 
 [252.] Obituary of T. Benfey. The Nation, Aw^n^it l\. 
 [253.] A. J. Ellis's " Dimidian " reform of English spelling. 
 
 The (New York) Lulcpcndcnt, January 27. 
 [254.] A. ]\r. Bell's Sounds and their relations. Tlic Critic, 
 
 December 17. 
 
 1882. 
 
 255. On mixture in language. Trans. APA. for 1881, pp. 5-26. 
 
 256. General considerations on the Indo-European case-system. 
 Ihidcm for 1882, pp. 88-100. 
 
 257. Eggeling's translation of the (^'atapatha-Brahmana. AJP., 
 vol. 8, pp. 391-410. (Cf. Nos. 263, 317, and 340.) 
 
 258. The cosmogonic hymn, Eig-Veda x. 129. PAOS. for 
 May, = JAOS., vol. 11, pp. cix-cxi. 
 
 259. Further words as to surds and sonants, and the law of 
 economy as a phonetic force. Proc. APA., pp. xii-xvi-i, 
 in Trans, for 1882. 
 
 260. Le prdtendu Henothdisme du Vdda. Revue de VHistoire 
 des Religions (Paris), vol. 6, pp. 129-143. 
 
 [261.] Abstract of No. 256. Proc. APA., pp. xlii-xliv, in 
 
 Trans, for 1882. 
 [262.] Specimen of a list of verbs, intended as a supplement to 
 
 his Sanskrit Grammar. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 1 1 , 
 
 pp. cxvii-cxix. (Cf. No. 286.) 
 [263.] Eggeling's translation of the Catapatha-Brahmana. 
 
 Ibidem for October, pp. cxxxiv-cxxxvi. (Cf. No. 257.) 
 [264.] Obituary of John Muir. The Nation, March 23. 
 [265.] Eeview of F. Max Mtiller's Buddhist texts from Japan. 
 
 Tlie Nation, April 1 6. 
 [266.] Obituary of A. C. Burnell. The Critic, November 18. 
 
 1883 
 
 267. On the Jaiminiya- or Talavakara-Brahmana. PAOS. for 
 May, = JAOS., vol. 11, pp. cxliv-cxlviii. 
 
 268. Isaac Taylor's The alphabet. Science, September 28. 
 
 269. The various readings of the Sama-Veda. PAOS. for Octo- 
 ber, = JAOS., vol. 11, pp. clxxxiv-clxxxv. 
 
 [270.] Eemarks upon M. Bloomfield's paper On cartain irregu- 
 
144 CIIKOXULOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 lar Vedic subjunctives or imperatives. PAOS. for May, 
 
 = JAOS., vol. 11, pp. clxii-clxiv. 
 [271.] On the varieties of predication. Proc. APA., pp. xvi- 
 
 xvii, in Trans, for 1883. (Cf. No. 276.) 
 [272.] On slighted vowels in English unaccented syllables. 
 
 Ibidem, p. xxv. 
 [273.] The sovereign reason for spelling reform. Tlic (New 
 
 York) Evening Post, May 19. 
 [274.] Pieview of C. Abel's Slavic and Latin. Tlic Critic, 
 
 July 14. 
 [275.] Notice of volumes 17, 19, and 23 of the Sacred Books 
 
 of the East. The Critic, July 28. 
 
 1884. 
 
 276. The varieties of predication. Trans. APA. for 1883, 
 pp. 36-41. 
 
 277. The study of Hindu grammar and the study of Sanskrit. 
 AJP., vol. 5, pp. 279-297. (Cf. Nos. 281 and 336 and 337.) 
 
 278. On E. Kuhn's Origin and language of the Trausgangetic 
 peoples. Ibidem, pp. 88-93. 
 
 279. On the classification of certain aorist-forms in Sanskrit. 
 PAOS. for October, =: JAOS., vol. 11, pp. ccxviii-ccxx. 
 
 280. On the etymology of the Sanskrit noun vrata. Ibidem, 
 pp. ccxxix-ccxxxi. 
 
 [281.] The study of Sanskrit and the study of the Hindu 
 grammarians. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 11, pp. 
 cxcvii-cc. (Cf. No. 277.) 
 
 [282.] On primary and secondary suffixes of derivation and 
 their exchanges. Proc. APA., pp. xviii-xix, in Trans, for 
 1884. (Cf. No. 285.) 
 
 [283.] Observations on vowel-utterance, by A. Schnyder ; re- 
 ported by W. D. Whitney. Ibidem, pp. xxxviii-xl. 
 
 [284.] Eeview of C. E. Lanman's A Sanskrit reader. Tlie 
 Independent, April 3. 
 
 1885. 
 285. On combination and adaptation as illustrated by the 
 exchanges of primary and secondary suffixes. Trans. 
 APA. for 1884, ])p. 111-12.3. (Cf. No. 282.) 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGIIT WIIITXEY. 145 
 
 286. The roots, verb-forms, and primary derivatives of the 
 Sanskrit language. A supplement to his Sanskrit gram- 
 mar, by W. D. W. Leipzig (Breitkopf u. Hartel), 8°, 
 xiv -f 250 pp. (Translated into German by Prof. H. 
 Zimmer. Ihidcm, 1885, 8°, xv -f 252 pp.) 
 
 287. The sis- and 6Yt-aorists (sixth and seventh aorist forms) 
 in Sanskrit. AJR, vol. 6, pp. 275-284. (Cf. No. 299.) 
 
 288. Numerical results from indexes of Sanskrit tense- and 
 conjugation-stems. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 13, 
 pp. xxxii-xxxv. 
 
 289. On Professor Ludwig's views respecting total eclipses of 
 the sun as noticed in the Eig-Veda. Ibidem for October, 
 vol. 1.3, pp. Ixi-lxvi. 
 
 290. Philology, pt. I. — Science of Language in general. Arti- 
 cle in the Enci/clojJcedia Britannica, 9th ed., vol. 18, pp. 
 765-780. (Cf. Nos. 48-56.) 
 
 [291.] Ptemarks upon H. C. Warren's paper On superstitious 
 
 customs connected with sneezing. PAOS. for May, = 
 
 JAOS., vol. 13, p. XX. 
 [292.] Eemarks upon the origin of the Laws of Manu. 
 
 Ibidem, pp. xxx-xxxii. 
 [293.] Piemarks upon A. H. Edgren's paper On the verbs of 
 
 the so-called tan-cla.ss in Sanskrit. Ibidem, p. xl. 
 [294.] Statement respecting a recent edition of the Atharva- 
 
 Veda, published in India (Bombay, 1884). Ihidcm for 
 
 October, p. xlviii. 
 [295.] On the latest translation of the Upanishads. Ibidem, 
 
 pp. Ixvii-lxxiii. (Cf. No. 306.) 
 [296.] Ptemarks on T. D. Ooodell's paper on Quantity in Eng- 
 lish verse. Proc. APA., pp. vii-viii, in Trans, for 1885. 
 [297.] Eemarks on F. A. March's paper on The Neo-Gramma- 
 
 rians. Ibidem, p. xxi. 
 [298.] The roots of the Sanskrit language. Ibidem, pp. xxvii- 
 
 xxix. (Cf. No. 305.) 
 [299.] The sis- and sa-aorists, or the sixth and seventh forms 
 
 of aorist in Sanskrit. Ibidem, pp. xxxvii-xxxviii. (Cf. 
 
 No. 287.) 
 
 10 
 
146 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 
 
 [300.] Eeviews of W. W. Kockliill's The life of the Buddha 
 (from the Tibetan), and of A. C. llurnell's The ordinances 
 of Manu (completed and edited by E. W. Hopkins). Tlie 
 Critic, March 21. 
 
 [301.] Edited: Forty years' record of the Class of 1845, Wil- 
 liams College. New Haven. 8°, pp. xvii + 196. [Pp. iii- 
 xvii, containing Introduction, general history, and statistics 
 of the class, etc., are from Mr. Whitney's pen.] 
 
 [302.] A brief autobiographical sketch published as a part 
 (pp. 175-182) of the foregoing number. [This sketch — 
 although brief — is of importance, inasmuch as the infor- 
 mation concerning matters of fact which it con tarns is 
 absolutely authentic and trustworthy.] 
 
 1886. 
 
 303. Hindu eschatology and the Katha Upanishad. PAOS. 
 for May, = JAOS., vol. 13, pp. ciii-cviii. (Cf. Nos. 322 
 and 306.) 
 
 304. A practical French grammar, with exercises and illus- 
 trative sentences from French authors. New York, V2°, 
 xiii -}- 442 pp. 
 
 305. The roots of the Sanskrit language. Trans. APA. for 
 1885, pp. 5-29. (Cf. No. 298.) 
 
 306. The Upanishads and their latest translation. AJP., vol 
 7, pp. 1-26. (Cf. Nos. 295 ; 303 and 315 and 322 ; 320 
 and 321.) 
 
 307. Language. Article in Johnson's Neiu Universal Cyclo- 
 pcedia, vol. 2, pp. 1633-1641. [See the entry immediately 
 after No. 205.] (Cf. Nos. 48-56.) 
 
 308-310. Alphabet. Vol. 1, pp. 348-351. — Africa, Languages 
 of. Ihidcm, p. 171. — Aryan Eace and Language. Ibidem, 
 pp. 799-802. Articles in Appldon's Kcio American Cyclo- 
 pedia, 2d ed. [These appear to belong rather to the year 
 1873.] (Cf. Nos. 48-56.) 
 
 [311.] Review of T. P. Hughes's A dictionary of Islam. Tlie 
 Critic, May 22. 
 
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY. 147 
 
 1887. 
 
 312. The method of phonetic change in language. Proc. APA., 
 pp. xxxiii-xxxv, in Trans, for 1886. 
 
 313. The Veda. The Century Marjazine, vol. 33, pp. 912-922. 
 
 314. Notes on part IV. of Schroder's edition of the Maitrayani- 
 Samhita. PAOS. for October, = JAOS., vol. 13, pp. 
 ccxxvi-ccxxviii. 
 
 [315.] (Announcement of) A translation of the Katha Upani- 
 shad. Proc. APA., pp. xi-xii, in Trans, for 1886. (Cf. 
 Xos. 322 and 306.) 
 
 [316.] On roots. Ibidem, pp. xx-xxi. 
 
 1888. 
 
 317. On the second volume of Eggeling's translation of the 
 Qatapatha-Brahmana. PAOS. for October, = JAOS., vol. 
 14, pp. vi-xi. (Cf.Nos. 257, 263, and 340.) 
 
 1889. 
 
 318. On the r and ar-forms of Sanskrit roots. PAOS. for 
 October, = JAOS., vol. 14, pp. cxlviii-cl. 
 
 [319.] Second (revised and extended) edition of his Sanskrit 
 Grammar. Leipzig (Breitkopf und Hartel), 8°, xxvi -}- 
 552 pp. (Cf. No. 226.) 
 
 1890. 
 320. Bohtlingk's Upanishads. AJP., vol. 11, pp. 407-439. 
 
 [Elaborate criticism of B.'s edition of the Chandogya and 
 
 of the Brhadaranyaka.] (Cf. No. 306.) 
 [321.] Abstract of No. 320. PAOS. for October, = JAOS., 
 
 vol. 15, pp. 1-lviii. 
 
 1891. 
 
 322. Translation of the Katha Upanishad. Trans. APA. for 
 1890, pp. 88-112. (Cf.Nos. 303 and 306.) 
 
 323. Open letter to the members of the American Oriental 
 Society. Privately printed. New Haven, 8°, 8 pp. 
 [I. As regards the de-localization of the Society. — 11. 
 
148 CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLTOGRAPIIY OF THE 
 
 As regards the library. — III. As regards the "Proceed- 
 ings."] 
 
 [324.] On the narrative use of perfect and imperfect tenses 
 in the Brahmanas. PAOS. for May, = JAOS., vol. 15, 
 pp. Ixxxv-xciv. (Cf. No. 330.) 
 
 [324a.] The police matron deadlock. The New Haven News, 
 July 4. [Treats of a matter concerning the welfare of the 
 municipality.] 
 
 1889-91. 
 
 [325.] The Century Dictionary. An Encyclopedic Lexicon of 
 the English Language. Prepared under the superintend- 
 ence of William Dwight Whitney, Ph. D., LL.D., Professor 
 of Comparative Philology and Sanskrit in Yale University. 
 Published by The Century Co., New York. In six vol- 
 umes, royal quarto. Pages xviii -f- 7046 (=21,138 columns) 
 + 30. 
 
 [The preface to the first vohxme is dated May 1st, 1889. The 
 supplementary note to preface is dated October 1st, 1891. The 
 actual work began, of course, long before the prior date. The " su- 
 perintendence " of the Lexicon naturally involved very far-reaching 
 thought and planning (pp. 22, 31, above); but, in addition to this, 
 tlie proofs of every one of the 21,138 columns were read by ]\Ir. 
 Whitney himself. See The Century Magazine, vol. 39, p. 315.] 
 
 1892. 
 
 326. On Delbriick's Vedic syntax. AJP., vol. 13, pp. 271-306. 
 (Cf. No. 328.) 
 
 327. Max Miiller and the science of language: a criticism. 
 New York, 12°, iii + 79 pp. 
 
 \^Mr. Whitney's list closes here.'] 
 [328.] On Delbriick's Vedic syntax. PAOS. for April, = 
 
 JAOS., vol. 15, pp. clx-clxxi. (Abstract of No. 326.) 
 [329.] Announcement as to a second volume of the Eoth- 
 
 Whitney edition of the Atharva-Yeda. Ibidem, pp. clxxi- 
 
 clxxiii. 
 [330.] On the narrative use of imperfect and perfect in the 
 
 Brahmanas. Trans. APA. for 1892, pp. 5-34. (Cf. 
 
 No. 324'.) 
 
AVIIITIXGS OF WILLIAM 1) WIGHT WHITNEY. 149 
 
 [331.] Eeview of F. Max Miiller's Vedic hymns, translated. 
 (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 32.) The New Wurld, 
 June, pp. 349-351. 
 
 1893. 
 
 [332.] List of W. D. W.'s principal writings. Bibliographies 
 of the inesent officers of Yale University. (See above, p. 
 121.) 
 
 [333.] The native commentary to the Atharva-Veda, Festgruss 
 an Both (Stuttgart, Kohlliammer), pp. 89-96. 
 
 [334.] The Veda in Painni. Giornale della Societa Asiatica 
 Italiana, vol. 7, pp. 243-254. 
 
 [335.] Simplified spelling. A symposium on the question " Is 
 simplified spelling feasible as proposed by the English 
 and American Philological Societies ? " XL The Ameri- 
 can Anthropologist, April. 
 
 [336.] On recent studies in Hindu grammar. AJR, vol. 14, 
 pp. 171-197. (Cf. Nos. 337 and 277.) 
 
 [337.] On recent studies in Hindu grammar. PAOS. for April, 
 = JAOS., vol. 16, pp. xii-xix. (Abstract of No. 336.) 
 
 1894. 
 [338.] Examples of sporadic and partial phonetic change in 
 
 English. Brugmann und Streitberg's Indogermanische 
 
 Forschungen, vol. 4, pp. 32-36. 
 [339.] On a recent attempt, by Jacobi and Tilak, to determine 
 
 on astronomical evidence the date of the earliest Vedic 
 
 period as 4000 b. c. PAOS. for March, = JAOS., vol. 16, 
 
 pp. Ixxxii-xciv. 
 [340.] On the third volume of Eggeling's translation of the 
 
 Qatapatha-Brahmana, with remarks on "soma = the moon." 
 
 Ibidem, pp. xcv-ci. (Cf. Nos. 257, 263, and 317.) 
 
 [341-359.] After the foregoing bibliography was in type, it 
 appeared desirable to add to it the following numbers: 
 la, lb, Ic, Id (18a — not absolutely certain), 30a, 58a, 
 61a, 88a, 113a, 119a, 122a, 132a, 137a, 186a, 206, 206a, 
 20Sa, 215a, 324a. 
 
150 CimONOLOGlCAL lilDLIOGKAriiY. 
 
 [360.] The Atharva Veda Sauhita, translated into English 
 with a full critical and exegetical commentary. 
 
 [Professor Whitney left a manuscript of some 2459 pages con- 
 taining a transhition of the Atharva- Veda, books i.-xix.. com- 
 plete, but not completely revised. This translation has from begin- 
 ning to end a running te.xt-critical commentary of great importance 
 and value, and also exegetical and other notes. It was the intention 
 of Professor Whitney that the work should be brought out in the 
 Harvard OrieuUd Series, published by Harvard University, Cam- 
 bridge, Massachusetts; and that intention the Editor of the Series, 
 Professor Lanman, is now endeavoring to carry out. The work 
 will, it is presumed, constitute volumes 4 and 5 of the Series. 
 
 No account, at once so systematic and extensive and complete, 
 of the critical status of any Vedic text, has ever been undertaken 
 before ; and the material is here presented in just such lucid and 
 orderly and well-digested form as the previous works of its lamented 
 author would lead us to expect.] 
 
IV. 
 
 LIST OF SOME BIOGEAPHICAL, NECEOLOGICAL, 
 AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS CONCERNING PRO- 
 FESSOR WHITNEY. 
 
 1. By GusTAV Kruell, of East Orange, New Jersey. A por- 
 
 trait of Professor Whitney, engraved upon wood, for C. R. 
 Lanman, after a large panel photograph by L. Alman & 
 Co., of 172 Fifth Avenue, New York. The block is 5| by 
 4| inches. 
 
 [One hundred and fifteen Japanese paper proofs were printed and 
 signed by the artist. Of these, a part were sold and a part 
 privately distributed. Copies were sent to the Libraries of the 
 American Oriental Society (New Haven), the Royal Asiatic Society 
 (London), the Bombay Branch thereof, tlie Lidia Office (London), 
 the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta), the Societe Asiatique 
 (Paris), and the German Oriental Society (Halle).] 
 
 2. By W. D. Whitney. Brief autobiographical sketch. [Im- 
 
 portant. See Nos. 301 and 302, above.] 
 
 3. By W. D. Whitney. Bibliography of W. D. W. (See 
 
 No. 332.) 
 
 4a. [By Professor Charles R. Laxmax, of Harvard L^niversity.] 
 William I) wight Wliitney. The Nation (New York), for 
 June 14, 1894. (Reprinted in 8° form for private circu- 
 lation.) 
 
 4b. By Y[ictor] H[exry]. Translation of No. 4a into French, 
 Revue de lingiiistiq^ie et dc philologie comparee (Paris), 
 vol. 27, pp. 350-357, Oct. 15, 1894. (See p. 87, above.) 
 
152 PUBLICATIONS CONCERNING rilOFESSOR WHITNEY. 
 
 4c. By Pandit Lal.v Chandra Yidya Bhaskara, of Jodhpur, 
 Marvar, Eajputaua, India. Viliyani-L)vait-Vitani-viduso 
 jivana-carita-kavyam. 
 
 [Tliis is a Sanskrit poem narrating the life and achievements of 
 INIr. Whitney, and made from Mr. Lanman's notice numbered 4a. 
 It is in beautiful manuscript, and makes about 33 pages in folio. 
 A cojiy was sent for the Library of the American Oriental Society, 
 another for Mrs. Whitney, and another for C. K. Lanman.] 
 
 5. By C. R. Lanman. Williaui Dwight Whitney. A slightly 
 
 modified form of the Memorial Address in this volume 
 (above, pp. 7-28), in the Atlantic Monthly (Boston) 
 for March, 1895, pp. 398-406. (Reprinted for private 
 circulation.) 
 
 6. By Professor Thomas Day Seymour of Yale University. 
 
 William Dwight Whitney. American Journal of Philology 
 (Baltimore), vol. 15 (1894), pp. 271-298. (Reprinted for 
 private circulation.) 
 
 [This sketch is of especial value by reason of its accuracy and 
 its fulness in matters of fact.] 
 
 7. By President Timothy Dwight, of Yale University. Re- 
 
 port of the President of Yale University for the year end- 
 ing Dec. 31, 1894, pp. 3-8. 
 
 8. . Professors William Dwight AVhitney and 
 
 James Dwight Dana. Commemorative address l3efore the 
 graduates of Yale University, June 23, 1895, by President 
 Dwight. New Haven, 1895. 8°, pp. 24. 
 
 9. By Professor Thomas R. Lounsbury, of Yale University. 
 
 William Dwight Whitney. Proceedings of the American 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston), vol. 30, pp. 
 579-589. 
 
 10. By AUGUSTE Barth, Membre de I'lnstitut. Notice sur 
 W. Whitney. Journal Asiatiquc, series 9, vol. 4, pp. 
 177-183. 
 
 11. By Professor Francesco d'Ovidio, University of Naples. 
 Commemorazione di G. Whitney. Rendiconti della Rccde 
 Accademia dei Lincei, cl. di scienze morali ecc, series 5, 
 vol. 4 (1895), pp. 128-134. 
 
PUBLICATIONS C0XCI:RXING PROFESSOR WHITNEY. 153 
 
 12. By G. A. G[rierson], Bengal Civil Service. Prof. W. 
 Dwiglit Whitney. Indian Antiquarij (Bombay), vol. 23 
 (189-1), pp. 263-264. 
 
 13. By Professor A. V. Williams Jackson, of Columbia 
 College. William Dwight Whitney and his influence 
 on American philological scholarship. Indogei'manische 
 Forschimgen, vol. 5, Anzeiger, pp. 275-277. 
 
 14. By Professor A. A. Macdonell, University of Oxford. 
 Notice in Journcd of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1894, 
 pp. 610-615. 
 
 15. By Dr. Hanns Oertel, of Yale University. A sketch (in 
 the German language) of Whitney's life, followed by an 
 ample bibliography (see above, p. 121) of his writings. 
 Bezzenberger's Bcitrclge zur Kunde dcr Indogermanischen 
 Sprachen, vol. 20, pp. 308-331. 
 
 16. By Professor Domenico Pezzi, University of Turin. Com- 
 memorazione di Guglielmo Dwight Whitney. Atti delta 
 Eeale Accademia dellc Scienze di Torino, vol. 30, June 30, 
 1895. 
 
 17. By Dr. Eeinhold Eost, sometime Librarian of the India 
 Office, London. Professor W. D. Whitney. The Athc- 
 nceiim (London), June 23, 1894, p. 805. 
 
 18. By [Professor] A. H. S[ayce], University of Oxford. Pro- 
 fessor Whitney. The Academy (London), June 16, 1894, 
 pp. 499-500. 
 
 19. By Professor Albrecht Weber, University of Berlin. 
 Gedenkworte flir W. D. Whitney. Actes du JT* congres 
 international des orientalistcs, tenu en 1894 it Geneve. Sec- 
 tion I. (^Inde.') Leiden, 1895. 
 
 20. By . Beilage zur allgemeinen Zeitung (Munich), June 
 
 11, 1894, No. 132, p. 7. 
 
Y. 
 
 TITLES OF SEYEEAL BOOKS CONCERNING THE 
 FAMILY AND KINDRED OF PROFESSOR WHIT- 
 NEY. 
 
 1. The history of the descendants of John Dwight, of Dedhani, 
 
 Mass. By Benjamin Woodbridge Dwight. Printed for 
 the anthor. New York, 1874 2 vols. 8°, paged continu- 
 ously, xxix+ 1144 pages. 
 
 2. Whitney. The descendants of John Whitney, who came 
 
 from London, England, to Watertown, Massachusetts, in 
 1635. By Frederick Clifton Pierce. Published by 
 the author at Chicago, Illinois, 1895. Royal 8°. Pages 
 692. 
 
 3. The ancestry of John Whitney, who, with his wife Elinor, 
 
 and sons John, Richard, Nathaniel, Thomas, and Jonathan, 
 emigrated from London, England, in the year 1635, and 
 settled in Watertown, Massachusetts ; the first of the name 
 in America, and the one from whom a great majority 
 of the Wliitneys now li\dng in the United States are 
 descended. By Henry Melyille, of the city of New 
 York. New York: Printed at the De Vinne Press, 1896. 
 Pages 295. 
 
 ["John was a great-grandson of Sir Robert Whitney, of Whit- 
 ney, dubbed a knight the day after Queen Mary's coronation, 
 October 2, 1553."] 
 
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