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The 
 
 Marietta Celebration 
 
 of 
 
 October 17 '13 
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 Containing full report of exercises and addresses de- 
 livered on the occasion of the dedication of Fayer- 
 weather Hall and the Library at Marietta 
 College, and the installation of the 
 Ohio Company's Tablet on the 
 College Campus. 
 
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 PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE 
 
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 HE CHAMPLIN PRESS 
 COLUMBUS, OHIO 
 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 General Introduction 5 
 
 Program of the Week of Celebration 8 
 
 Story of Wednesday 11 
 
 Program of Wednesday 14 
 
 Addresses of Wednesday: 
 
 Historical Statement, William W. Mills 15 
 
 Dedication of Library, Pres. A. T. Perry 20 
 
 Response on behalf of Faculty, 
 
 Dean J. H. Chamberlain 20 
 
 Dedication of Fayerweather Hall, 
 
 Pres. A. T. Perry 23 
 
 Response on behalf of the students 
 
 George S. Humphrey, W 23 
 
 Oration, Pres. W. D. Mackenzie 26 
 
 Story of Thursday 39 
 
 Program of Thursday 41 
 
 Presentation of Tablet, Homer Lee, Esq. 42 
 
 Acceptance, ---Mayor Leeper, Pres. Perry 44-45 
 
 Greeting from Ohio, Gov. A. L. Harris 48 
 
 Greeting from the United States 
 
 Vice President Chas. W. Fairbanks 54 
 
 Oration, Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart 58 
 
 Harvard University 
 
 Program of Banquet 
 
 Toastmaster, Hon. Chas. G. Dawes 78 
 
 Toasts:— Vice President Chas. W. Fairbanks 80 
 
 Homer Lee 84 
 
 Col. Douglas Putnam 85 
 
 A. D. Follett 88 
 
 Hon. Nicholas Longworth 92 
 
 Hon. R. D. Cole 96 
 
 Hon. Chas. W. Archbold 101 
 
 Thomas H. Kelley 103 
 
 Attorney-General Wade Ellis 107 
 
 Hon. John McSweeney 110 
 
 363795 
 
INTRODUCTORY 
 
 The famous celebration week at Marietta last Octo- 
 ber came about partly by planning and partly through 
 a fortunate accident. The completion of the new 
 buildings of Marietta College came at the moment 
 when the Ohio Company was ready to place the sec- 
 ond of their beautiful tablets which they propose to 
 distribute to the memory of the brave men who made 
 the beginning of civilization in "the wooden country'' 
 beyond the Alleghenies. By pure accident the State 
 meeting of the Ohio Daughters of Revolution was 
 scheduled to be held at Marietta during the very 
 week chosen for the celebration, and the Ohio Valley 
 Historical Society, seeking a suitable date for their 
 proposed centennial celebration of the Burr-Blenner- 
 hassett episode of 1806, chose this opportune week 
 for a meeting at Parkersburg. While not nominally 
 a "home-coming'' week to Mariettans, it was such to 
 a considerable extent, for the array of speakers placed 
 on the programs of the various days was quite as dis- 
 tinguished as on any previous occasion in the history 
 of the city, while the presence of Mrs. Longworth, 
 representing Theodore Roosevelt, added more than the 
 usual degree of interest to the reception Wednesday 
 evening and the events of Thursday. 
 
 The new Ohio Company of Associates, a society 
 of gentlemen living mostly in New York, of which 
 Whitelaw Reid is president, placed on the Sub-Treas- 
 
 5 
 
ury building in New York, one year ago, the first of 
 their memorial tablets; no sooner was this accom- 
 plished than plans were laid for installing the second 
 on the campus of Marietta College; the New York 
 tablet commemorated the signing of the contract be- 
 tween the old Ohio Company and the United States 
 Government which placed in private hands the first 
 acre in the "Old Northwest." The Marietta tablet 
 celebrated the advent of the first representatives of 
 the Ohio Company on the land that they had pur- 
 chased. Another tablet is appropriately planned to 
 stand on the former site of the "Bunch of Grapes'' 
 Tavern in Boston, where the Ohio Company was form- 
 ed through the efforts of its earnest leaders Putnam, 
 Cutler and Tupper. Other tablets will be raised in 
 the present capitals of the States formed from the 
 "Old Northwest." 
 
 These monuments will serve a peculiarly valuable 
 purpose, namely to impress upon all the significant 
 and important fact that the first legal settlement of 
 this western country was the result of a compact be- 
 tween a company of men and the United States Gov- 
 ernment. The effect of this compact was vital, na- 
 tional. The little yellow Ohio Company contract 
 preserved by Marietta College with reverent fidelity, 
 is as precious a document as the Ordinance which our 
 Government holds more dear than any of her docu- 
 ments, excepting only the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence; for this Contract between the Ohio Company 
 and the United States Board of Treasury made pos- 
 sible the Ordinance; and the party of the second part 
 in this compact was given free-hand to alter or amend 
 this marvelous document ; and when it left their hands 
 it was so powerful an instrument that Daniel Webster 
 said of it "I doubt whether one single law of any law- 
 
 6 
 
giver ancient or modern has produced effects of more 
 distinct, marked, and lasting character"; and our 
 own President has called the Ordinance "The greatest 
 blow struck for freedom and against slavery in all 
 our history, save only Lincoln's Emancipation Proc- 
 lamation." 
 
 Now, whatever place be accorded to the Ordinance 
 of 1787, it is not possible to separate it from the 
 Ohio Company, or look upon it other than as a law 
 formed and made effective by that Company. Of 
 course former Ordinances were used in part as basis 
 for that of 1787, and many men had part in its mak- 
 ing, but the fact remains that it was made for the 
 Ohio Company and at last put into the hands of their 
 agent, Manasseh Cutler, for final revision. 
 
 It is more than appropriate, then, that there should 
 stand within the city limits of Marietta a monument 
 to the Ohio Company. The priority of the Marietta 
 settlement is not the fact of greatest significance, 
 since there were thousands in Pennsylvania and Vir- 
 ginia who were ready and eager to cross the Ohio 
 River before the lands here were open for sale; the 
 profound significance of the settlement was that it 
 was made by a Company, under the terms of a com- 
 pact with the United States Government, this com- 
 pact making possible the enactment of the Ordinance 
 which gave free government to all the great North- 
 west. 
 
 Archer B. Hulbert. 
 
 Marietta, Ohio, December 5, 1906 
 
FULL PROGRAM OF THE WEEK 
 
 Tuesday, October 16 
 
 Union Veteran Association of Washington Countyy 
 Col. T. W, Moore, President; L. J. Cutter, 
 Secretary. 
 2 :00 P. M. Regimental Reunions. 
 7:00 P. M. General Campfire in the Auditorium. 
 General R. B. Brown, National Commander of G. A. 
 R., principal speaker. Annual parade Wednesday 
 morning. 
 
 Wednesday, October 17 
 
 Btate Conference of the Daughters of the American 
 
 Revolution; Mrs. James L. Botsford, Regent; 
 
 Mrs. William A. Smith, Secretary. 
 
 Sessions were held at 10 :00 A. M. and 1 :30 P. M. 
 
 on Wednesday, and 10:00 A. M. on Thursday. An 
 
 Address was delivered by Hon. E. O. Randall on 
 
 Wednesday afternoon. 
 
 Wednesday, October 17 
 
 Marietta College Celebration. 
 
 2:00 P. M. Mid-year meeting of the Board of 
 Trustees. 
 
 3:00 P. M. Dedication of two new buildings of 
 Marietta College, Fayerweather Hall, a men's Dormi- 
 tory, and the new Library, in large part the gift of 
 Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Address by Pres. W. D. 
 Mackenzie, D. D., of Hartford, Conn. 
 
 8 
 
Gen. Arthur St. Clair 
 
 Governor of the Norlluvest Territory. 
 
 fFrom painting by Filson, presented to Marietta College by W. H. Hunter. 
 
7:00 P. M. General Reception to the Public. The 
 College Trustees, assisted by others, received in the 
 new Library, the College Faculty in Fayerweather 
 Hall and the Academy Faculty in Andrews Hall, 
 Band Concert; College Sing; General illumination of 
 the Campus. 
 
 Thursday, October 18 
 
 Ohio Company Celebration under the auspices of the 
 
 Marietta Board of Trade; Howard W. Stanley, 
 
 President; Robert M. Nolly Secretary. 
 
 2:30 P. M. Unveiling of Bronze Tablet on 
 Campus of Marietta College. This was preceded by 
 a short parade escorting speakers to the Campus. 
 Exercises included: Presentation of Tablet by 
 Homer Lee, Esq., of New York; Unveiling by Mrs. 
 Alice Roosevelt Longworth; Acceptance by Mayor 
 Leeper, and President Perry of the College; Brief 
 Addresses by Governor Harris and Vice-President 
 Fairbanks; Historical Address by Professor Albert 
 Bushnell Hart, of Harvard University: 
 
 7:00 P. M. Banquet at the College Gymnasium 
 with after dinner speaking by many distinguished 
 visitors. 
 
 Thursday, October 18 
 
 3:30 P. M. Foot Ball Game between Marietta 
 College and West Virginia University at Fair 
 Grounds, Marietta. 
 
 Friday, October 19 
 
 Burr-Blennerhassett Centennial under the auspices 
 
 of the Business Men's League^ of Parkersburg. 
 
 Hon. J. N. Camden^ President; George 
 
 W. Summers, Secretary. 
 
 Excursion to Blennerhassett Island, leaving Mari- 
 
 9 
 
etta at 1:00 P. M. (Central Time) and Parkersburg 
 3:00 P. M. (Eastern Time). 
 
 6:00 P. M. (Eastern Time) Luncheon to distin- 
 guished guests at Chancellor Hotel. 
 
 8:00 P. M. (Eastern Time) General Meeting of 
 Ohio Valley Historical Society in Camden Theatre, 
 Parkersburg. Col. Douglas Putnam, President; 
 Archer B. Hulbert, Secretary. Address by Vice-Pres- 
 ident Fairbanks, and Historical Address by Mr. John 
 Mc Sweeney, of Wooster, Ohio. 
 
 10 
 
 
STORY OF WEDNESDAY 
 
 The story of Wednesday, October 17, is one that 
 will forever live in the annals of Marietta College, 
 containing as it does the first chapter of the history 
 of the New and Greater Marietta At the opening 
 of the year 1905 Mr. Andrew Carnegie's promise to 
 Marietta came as welcome news to all friends of the 
 old college; despite obstacles of no mean proportions 
 a sum exceeding forty thousand dollars was sub- 
 scribed for the two new buildings which now on this 
 beautiful October day were to be set apart by solemn 
 service to the high mission for which they were erec- 
 ted. 
 
 Though the Library was not fully completed, both 
 Library and Fayerweather Hall were royally dressed 
 for the auspicious occasion through the efforts of 
 Mrs. Mills and her cohorts of workers. A profusion 
 of bunting and an ocean of autumn foliage trans- 
 formed the Library into a bower of beauty, while 
 Fayerweather Hall was ablaze with blue and white 
 banners and streamers. 
 
 The mid-year meeting of the Trustees was held at 
 two o'clock in the President's office, at which encour- 
 aging reports were read and accepted. An hour later 
 before a splendid audience, with the Marietta Band 
 discoursing music from the platform erected beside 
 the gigantic stone which was to bear the Ohio Com- 
 pany's tablet, the Library and Dormitory were appro- 
 priately dedicated. 
 
 11 
 
The beautiful scene on the campus during Wednes- 
 day afternoon was but a foretaste of the brilliant 
 pageant of the evening. Never in its history, accord- 
 ing to the "oldest inhabitant/' had the college cam- 
 pus been so brilliantly illuminated. Long lines of 
 swinging Japanese lanterns marked the walks to and 
 between the five brightly lighted buildings where the 
 receptions of the evening were being held. 
 
 The full Marietta Band played throughout the even- 
 ing. At eight o'clock there was a College sing, led 
 by Professor Goodrich, which was greatly enjoyed, 
 then the bonfire was lighted and the students had a 
 walk around. While this entertainment was going 
 on outside, the more formal reception was proceed- 
 ing within the buildings. The receiving line in the 
 Library was a varying one, only President and Mrs. 
 Perry being present throughout, some of the Trustees 
 and their wives, some of the Board of Trade recep- 
 tion committee being present a part of the time. 
 Among those in the receiving line during the even- 
 ing were Mr. Howard Stanley, Congressman and Mrs. 
 B. G. Dawes, Representative and Mrs. Geo. White, Mr. 
 and Mrs. A. D. Follett, Congressman Ralph Cole and 
 Mrs. Wade Ellis. The presence here for an hour of 
 Governor Harris, and later for another hour of Con- 
 gressman and Mrs. Longworth brought immense num- 
 bers anxious to see and greet them. It was a difficult 
 matter to handle the crowd, but by help of a good 
 many volunteers it was done successfully. In An- 
 drews Hall, which was tastefully trimmed. Professor 
 and Mrs. Wolfe and the Academy Faculty welcomed 
 the public. Here were also displayed portraits of 
 Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler and Governor St. 
 Clair, as well as the original contract made by the 
 United States with the Ohio Company, and which has 
 
 12 
 
recently been handsomely framed in oak from the 
 old Congregational Church. This, the first deed ever 
 given by the United States, is the most precious doc- 
 ument the College owns. In the new dormitory, 
 Fayerweather Hall, Dean and Mrs. Chamberlin, with 
 other members of the College Faculty, were in the 
 receiving line in the main club room. The whole 
 building was lighted and open, and a very large num- 
 ber of people inspected the sumptuous provision made 
 for the students. Two floors are fully furnished and 
 ready for immediate occupancy. Light refreshments 
 were served in this building. Altogether there never 
 have been so many people on the campus and in the 
 buildings as on this evening, and all seemed to have 
 a good time. At times the crush became severe about 
 the library entrance, but the crowd was very orderly, 
 good natured and respectful, and was handled with- 
 out difficulty. 
 
 13 
 
PEOGEAM OF WEDNESDAY AFTEENOON 
 
 Music by the Marietta Band. 
 
 Invocation, Eev. George E. Gear, D. D. 
 
 Historical Statement on behalf of the Trustees, 
 William W. Mills. 
 
 Dedication of Library, Pres. A. T. Perry. 
 
 Eesponse on behalf of the Faculty, Dean J. H. 
 Chamberlin. 
 
 Dedication of Fayerweather Hall, Pres. A. T. Perry. 
 
 Eesponse on behalf of the Students, George S. Hum- 
 phrey, '07. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Oration, President W. D. Mackenzie, D. D., of Hart- 
 ford, Conn. 
 
 Benediction. 
 
 14 
 
ADDRESSES OF WEDNESDAY 
 
 HISTORICAL STATEMENT BY WILLIAM W. MILLS 
 
 The buildings which we dedicate today are the first 
 visible expression of the New Marietta. Born with 
 the century, the idea of the New Marietta has been 
 an inspiration to present accomplishment, and will 
 continue an incentive until hopeful dreams are made 
 glorious realities. 
 
 The bequest of Daniel B. Fayerweather and the 
 beneficence of Dr. D. K. Pearsons enabled old Mar- 
 ietta to liquidate its obligations, so that for the first 
 time in its history, the Treasurer reported to the 
 Trustees on June 12, 1900, that "the College has no 
 debts." 
 
 Thus was the way prepared for the New and 
 Greater Marietta, which beginning with that day, 
 has held fast all that was good, great and noble in 
 the old, and has pressed splendidly forward, with- 
 out the incubus of debt, to meet the opportunities and 
 obligations of the Twentieth Century 
 
 Plans for enlargement were made, but it was not 
 until Andrew Carnegie, on January 27, 1905, made 
 his offer of |40,000 on condition that an equal amount 
 be raised as a "Building and Kepair Fund'' that the 
 way was open for an increase in the physical equip- 
 ment of the institution. By July 1st of the same year, 
 Mr. Carnegie's conditions were met, and $40,023 had 
 been subscribed by 287 Alumni and friends. 
 
 15 
 
Messrs. Patton and Miller, of Chicago, were selec- 
 ted as the architects, and a bird's eye view of the 
 Campus, showing the proposed new buildings and 
 changes in the old ones, was prepared. The minia- 
 ture of this view is familiar to you all. In it are 
 indicated two focal points. One, the Library, before 
 which we are now assembled, the literary and scho- 
 lastic center of the institution, on either side of which, 
 and on the same level, extend the buildings devoted 
 to the study of language, science, philosophy and the 
 arts. Immediately opposite the library, and facing 
 it, on the line of Fourth street, will be erected at 
 no very distant day, we hope, the Chapel which will 
 be the focal point of the religious activities of the 
 institution, so important in the Christian College of 
 the type of Marietta. Between these two buildings 
 will be reared a tall flag staff from the top of which 
 will float our country's flag. Thus, true religion 
 and higher education as taught on the Campus of the 
 New Marietta will forever foster and encourage pure 
 and exalted patriotism. 
 
 At the lower end of the Campus has been erected 
 the new three story and basement Dormitory, 137 
 by 40 feet, with accommodations for fifty-four stu- 
 dents, to which has appropriately been given the name 
 of Fayerweather Hall. At the other end of the 
 Campus near to and parallel with Putnam street is 
 the point where it is hoped some friend of the College 
 may some day erect a fire proof Hall of History. 
 What more appropriate place in all the land for such 
 a building? Another building to be erected between 
 Andrews Hall and Butler street will complete the 
 quadrangle. Still another important structure, not 
 shown on the picture, is rapidly approaching com- 
 pletion, the Central Heating Plant near the corner of 
 
 16 
 

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Fifth and Butler streets. With this completed, the 
 College will dedicate three new buildings in this 
 good year of 1906. Plans also contemplate an entire 
 renovation and partial reconstruction of Alumni 
 Hall, now occupied by the Library, Erwin Hall and 
 Andrews Hall. When this is done, the hot water 
 heating system now installed in the new buildings 
 will be extended to them. 
 
 Before this comprehensive scheme was decided on, 
 it was necessary to determine what disposition to 
 make of the Dormitorj^ then standing on the site of 
 the new Library building. The building was the old- 
 est on the Campus, having been erected in 1832, for 
 the Marietta Collegiate Institute, and Western Teach- 
 ers Seminary. When Marietta College was char- 
 tered in 1835, it was occupied as recitation hall, chapel 
 and dormitory, and continued so to be used until the 
 completion in 1850 of the structure now called Erwin 
 Hall. Around the building clustered many sacred 
 memories connected with the old College, which added 
 sweetness to its historic value. It was decided to 
 retain it if possible and to properly repair it, for it 
 had fallen into a condition approaching dilapida- 
 tion. Expert examination however by the architects 
 and by capable builders revealed certain defects in 
 construction that would necessitate an expenditure 
 equal to the cost of a new building to properly repair 
 and reconstruct it. It was also proposed to move it 
 to a point between Andrews Hall and Butler street, 
 but this was decided impracticable, and before final 
 decision skilled house movers from Chicago and Pitts- 
 burg were brought here to estimate the cost. Reluc- 
 tantly therefore, and only after every alternative 
 had been tried, it was decided to raze the structure 
 to the ground. This was done, and the highest and 
 most central point on the Campus was made ready for 
 
 17 
 
the new Library Building and for the development of 
 the beautiful and comprehensive scheme of the archi- 
 tects. I believe the wisdom of this decision has al- 
 ready been generally approved. 
 
 October 5, 1905, is a memorable date in the history 
 of the College, for on that day contracts were let 
 for the construction of Fayerweather Hall to Chas. 
 W. Bowling of Marietta, and of the Library Build- 
 ing to Dickison, Beardsley and Foreman, also of 
 Marietta, and the ground was staked out for the 
 first named structure. Work was almost immed- 
 iately begun on both buildings, the old Dormitory 
 being first torn down by the contractors for the Li- 
 brary. Such of the old material as was suitable has 
 been used in the construction of the new building, 
 and as far as possible local labor and material has 
 been utilized in both. The corner stones of both 
 buildings were laid with suitable ceremonies Jan- 
 uary 23, 1906. The dimensions of the main building 
 of the Library are 115 by 51 feet, with a fireproof 
 stack room 46 by 35 feet, at the rear capable of hold- 
 ing 175,000 volumes. In it will be placed on metal 
 stacks, the more than 60,000 volumes now in the Li- 
 brary, including the priceless collection of Americana 
 given to the College by Hon. K. M. Stimson. On the 
 upper level of this stack the Charles Goddard Slack 
 collection of Historical documents and prints will find 
 a fitting home. The main structure, consisting of two 
 stories and basement, is conveniently divided into 
 reading, lecture, seminar and librarian's rooms. The 
 progress on the different buildings has been retarded 
 somewhat by unfavorable weather, and the failure 
 of sub-contractors to furnish material promptly, so 
 that neither of them is today entirely finished. 
 Grateful recognition is here made of the fidelity of 
 
 18 
 
contractors and workmen all through the building 
 period. 
 
 The cost of the three new buildings, when com- 
 pleted, furnished, including architects^ fees, will be 
 approximately as follows: 
 
 Library $65,000.00. 
 
 Fayerweather Hall, |34,000.00. 
 
 Central Heating Plant, including the hot water sys- 
 tem installed by W. H. Schott, of Chicago, and radi- 
 ation in the two new buildings, f 23,000.00. 
 
 Making a total of |122,000.00, of which $60,753.27 
 have already been paid the different contractors. 
 $97,837.58 of the amount needed have already been 
 secured and it is believed the balance will be in the 
 treasury before the final payments are due. The 
 architects wisely selected the simple, classic lines of 
 the Colonial as the style for all the buildings, ex- 
 cepting possibly the Chapel where they propose to 
 use the Gothic. 
 
 This Library and yonder Fayerweather Hall are 
 beautiful examples both without and within of this 
 style of architecture, and of its adaptation to the 
 requirements of the small College. When this group 
 of buildings is completed and the Campus beautified 
 by the art of the landscape architect, when labora- 
 tories are enlarged and recitation rooms made more 
 attractive, when the present able Faculty is supple- 
 mented by the addition of several new professors, 
 Avhen the equipment of the institution is in all re- 
 spects adequate to the demands of the times, then will 
 be realized in part some of the dreams of the present. 
 As the New Marietta becomes the greater Marietta, 
 let us hope that 
 
 "Hither shall troop the eager generations, 
 With youth and hope and wonder in their eyes. 
 And hence shall pass for healing of the nations, 
 ^fjen that have learned the love of truth, the hate of lies." 
 
 19 
 
DEDICATION OF THE LIBRARY 
 
 President Perry then dedicated the Library in the 
 following words: 
 
 This noble building made possible by the generous 
 gift of Andrew Carnegie stands a beautiful example 
 of architect's genius and builder's skill, generous in 
 its proportions, ample in its provision for the 
 future. This building we do now set apart 
 to be the storehouse of learning and the work-shop of 
 the brain, the center of the intellectual life of this 
 College. The literary treasures of all centuries will 
 here be preserved to be a guide and inspiration to 
 countless generations. Here coming throngs of stu- 
 dents shall browse in pleasant pastures and dig for 
 ore in rich mines, and gain knowledge, and power, 
 and ambition to achieve. May this lofty purpose be 
 fully realized in this and many years to come. 
 
 RESPONSE ON BEHALF OF THE FACULTY * 
 
 Responding to President Perry on behalf of the 
 Faculty, Dean Joseph H. Chamberlin said : 
 
 President Perry, Ladies and Gentlemen — This is 
 a day of joyous fruition for the Trustees, Faculty, 
 students, citizens and friends of Marietta College. 
 We see our long cherished hope grandly realized to- 
 day as we dedicate our two new substantial and 
 attractive buildings. Nor are we rejoicing simply 
 because we have something new, as a boy with a new 
 top or a man with a new automobile. There are 
 abundant reasons for our great gratification at these 
 dedicatory exercises. Rarely in the history of any 
 College, except the very largest and wealthiest, are 
 two such buildings dedicated on the same day; or 
 buildings so vital to the life of any institution and so 
 
 20 
 
necessary to the successful continuance of the work 
 of Marietta College. 
 
 If you will but step into the Library room in Alumni 
 Memorial Hall yonder, you will realize in a moment 
 the necessity of much ampler accommodations both for 
 the library itself and for those using it. The room is 
 so crowded that disorder seems triumphant, and 
 mental as well as physical action is hampered. We 
 are glad that the Board of Trustees were able to 
 make Mr. Carnegie see that our necessity was his 
 opportunity. 
 
 Kemain in the room but one half hour observing, 
 under the direction of our courteous librarian, the 
 richness of its contents, the rare books, the priceless 
 original documents, the beautiful works of art, and 
 you will surely be impressed with the fact that the 
 loss would be irreparable should the building be 
 destroyed by fire. Here we have a fire proof room 
 where we can place in safety the rich treasures which 
 are endangered in their present location, and for this 
 we feel that we should be genuinely grateful. 
 
 Modern methods of instruction make the library 
 more and more the center of the intellectual life of a 
 College. It is the student^s work-shop. There are 
 laboratories properly equipped for experimental work 
 in the sciences. The library is the laboratory of all 
 the students especially for their work in History, 
 Literature, Social Science and Philosophy. Such a 
 laboratory should be spacious, thoroughly adapted in 
 construction and equipment to the needs of the stu- 
 dents, and artistic in all its appointments. For 
 while there is truth as well as humor in the remark 
 that if you wish to train the child aright you should 
 begin with his grandmother; which means, I suppose, 
 that heredity is a large factor in the determination 
 of character, yet there are some of us who believe that 
 
 21 
 
environment is also a powerful influence, and so re- 
 joice that in the future our students will feel the 
 uplift of the most favorable and inspiring surround- 
 ings in our new library home. 
 
 Yet once more our joy is increased on this occasion 
 by the belief that this new edifice will strengthen still 
 further the bond between Marietta and Marietta Col- 
 lege For not Mr. Carnegie's liberal gift alone, but 
 the generous gifts of citizens of Marietta, have made 
 this splendid structure possible. When its shelves are 
 laden with our thousands of books, our magnificent 
 library, even more than in the past, will be at the 
 service of all. It will be more accessible, and the 
 purpose of the Trustees is to open it for a few hours 
 each evening that those who are occupied with other 
 duties during the day may have the opportunity out 
 of business hours, to consult our numerous volumes 
 amid delightful and restful surroundings. 
 
 Have we not then all of us, but especially the Fac- 
 ulty in whose behalf I speak, abundant reason for 
 peculiar gratification today? And should w^e not 
 give enthusiastic expression to our happiness? We 
 would be unworthy of our blessings and privileges, 
 and recreant to our trusts did we not exult in the 
 enlarged opportunity that comes to us with buildings 
 so beautiful without, so sumptuous within. We see 
 in them the promise of a larger sphere of usefulness 
 for our College in the future, and an era of wider 
 and more positive influence. We rejoice therefore 
 not for ourselves alone, but for the many who shall 
 come after us to enter into the fruits of your labors, 
 Mr. President, and the labors of the Board of Trus- 
 tees, to receive and cherish and to hand on to others, 
 as a rich heritage, the time honored traditions, the 
 precious history, and the high ideals of Marietta 
 
 College. 
 
 22 
 
DEDICATION OF FAYERWEATHER HALL 
 
 Next came the dedication of Fayerweather Hall, by 
 President Perry, who said: 
 
 "Yonder building flanking our beautiful campus, 
 is the gift of many loyal friends of Marietta, and 
 bears the name of one who never visited this city 
 but who was the largest giver to the College in all its 
 history, Daniel B Fayerweather. This building so 
 simple yet so substantial in its structure, so complete 
 in its appointments, so perfectly fitted to its purpose, 
 we do now set apart to be the home of the students 
 of Marietta College. We give it to the students of 
 today fair and perfect ; it is yours to use, to enjoy, to 
 learn to love. As the ivy grows over its walls, may 
 memories of pleasant friendships and blessed exper- 
 iences gather about it, until it becomes a very sanctu- 
 ary for all who shall have dwelt within its walls." 
 
 RESPONSE ON BEHALF OF THE STUDENTS 
 
 Mr. George S. Humphrey, '07, made the response 
 on behalf of the students. 
 
 If there is any one who should be real happy today 
 it is certainly the students of Marietta College. We 
 are the ones who are to derive the benefit of the untir- 
 ing labor of so many others. The citizens of our town 
 are glad to see the College grow because of what it 
 means to the city. The friends of the College are glad 
 to see it prosper because they love it ; because of what 
 it has done for them, and because of their interest in 
 the students who are now in attendance. If so many 
 who are only indirectly concerned are thus interested 
 in the improvements which we see now near comple- 
 tion, what must be the feeling of the students them- 
 selves, those who are to enjoy the fruits of so much 
 
 23 
 
labor? It would be an unworthy student indeed 
 whose heart does not swell with pride as he looks at 
 this magnificent building, which is to be the home of 
 so many men. 
 
 Just what will this dormitory mean to the students 
 of this College? This question can be answered very 
 briefly. It means a home. Think of all that is 
 implied in that word and you will have some concep- 
 tion of what this building means to us. To be sure it 
 will not be like the dear old home where mother an- 
 ticipates our every want, but it will be the best sub- 
 stitute for the old home that can be found. 
 
 In this building will be formed hundreds of char- 
 acters which will go forth into the many struggles and 
 temptations of this busy world. Characters are not 
 formed in a class room, they are not developed in the 
 conjugation of Latin verbs. It is in association with 
 his fellows that a man's character is developed. 
 
 The Student Home means better association and 
 hence better development of character. It means 
 more intimate friendship^ more constant companion- 
 ship, better co-operation, and more perfect harmony 
 on the part of the whole student body. It means a 
 greater activity of that indefinable but nevertheless 
 very powerful force known as College Spirit. 
 
 The Trustees have enough confidence in us students 
 to give this building entirely into our charge. We 
 expect to prove to them that their confidence has been 
 well placed, and that their labor in making such a 
 home as this possible, has not been in vain. We have 
 a home of which we may well be proud. There is not 
 a finer home in the whole city than ours, and we expect 
 to see to it that no one shall mar the beauty of our 
 building. We expect to have just lots of fun, but it 
 is all to be legitimate fun; fun that will do harm to 
 
 24 
 
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nobody and injury to no property, but at the same 
 time be genuine fun. Work and play will both 
 receive their due attention. 
 
 And so in accepting this building as our own, we 
 wish to thank all who have contributed in any way to 
 its construction. Hoping that you will not be disap- 
 pointed in your expectations, but that every year 
 will add to the pleasure w^hich you feel today, and 
 looking forward to a helpful association together, we 
 promise to do our utmost to create within the walls 
 of this dormitory a happy, harmonious Student Home. 
 
 25 
 
THE SPIRIT OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, D. D. 
 
 President Hartford Theological Seminary 
 
 From ancient times it has been felt that the edu- 
 cation of the young determines the character of the 
 State ; or, as it is sometimes expressed, what you wish 
 any nation to become you must put into its schools. 
 In this country it is idle to insist on the importance 
 of the problem of education. No nation in all his- 
 tory has made broader or more varied or more costly 
 efforts to deal with it. Today Europe is as much in- 
 terested in the educational experiments of this coun- 
 try as in her commercial achievements. They are 
 interesting because they are being carried out on so 
 large a scale, on so many different lines, at such vast 
 expense. It must be quite evident that the American 
 people are thus insistent with themselves in the mat- 
 ter of education for something more than merely in- 
 dustrial development. The multiplication of techni- 
 cal schools is a necessary and a good thing. But 
 neither is it the key to the ultimate problem nor the 
 best explanation of the spirit and purpose of the lead- 
 ers in education. These are revealed more clearly 
 in that public school system which in most of the 
 States leads from the Kindergarten to the College and 
 University. When you see the children of foreigners 
 who can hardly speak the English language swept by 
 hundreds and thousands into the school, when you 
 hear them rise in their class rooms side by side with 
 
 26 
 
descendants of New England Puritans and Virginian 
 planters, — when you find them kindling to the story 
 of American freedom and the ideals of the American 
 spirit, you catch a glimpse of the real power and 
 direction of the educational work of the country. 
 
 It is putting the matter superficially when it is said, 
 as too often it is, that the fundamental aim and motive 
 of universal education is to give every boy and girl 
 a chance in the race for wealth. Deep down among 
 the strongest motives of all true educators is the 
 desire to set the spirit free, to emancipate from the 
 thraldom of ignorance and those tyrannical super- 
 stitions which ignorance breeds with appalling pro- 
 fusion, the minds of all the members of a self-govern- 
 ing nation. To produce a whole nation of free and 
 righteous citizens is infinitely more than to make able 
 business men, or to train keen inventors; to instruct 
 them in the secret of self mastery is more divine even 
 than to increase their mastery of the forces and re- 
 sources of nature; although in each case you cannot 
 do the one without the other. The life is more than 
 meat and the body than raiment. We cannot be 
 truly and fully human if Ave live by bread alone. 
 The spiritual nature of man has its own peculiar uni- 
 verse which is not to be stated in terms of material 
 facts and the formulae of Mathematics, whose values 
 are measured only by the deep instincts of the soul. 
 Plato long ages ago said that truth is the natural food 
 of that nobler part of man. He also laid it down as 
 a fundamental principle that the highest aim, and the 
 noblest outcome of deep and wise and prolonged edu- 
 cation will be that knowledge of the Absolute Good in 
 which alone our highest self can really and glorious 
 live. And I am persuaded that the vast majority of 
 
 27 
 
teachers in this country in all departments realize 
 that Plato was right. When you would pursue truth 
 to her real and eternal home, where can you stay your 
 feet until you reach the perfect good? And if you 
 seek through all supernal realms for that in which 
 the good forever dwells, you will open your eyes one 
 bright and awful day to see the face of God. By 
 implication all education, even that which trains the 
 eye and hand, is dealing with the soul, and by in- 
 evitable movements of the soul, that true self within 
 us; all stages and phases of real education are found 
 to reflect those deepest beliefs, those surest convic- 
 tions, those dearest possessions, which we name by 
 the sacred name of religion. 
 
 It is important to remind ourselves here and on 
 this occasion that the education of a country is to be 
 tested not only by the extent and efficient of its 
 elementary schools, but by the standards and aims 
 of its higher education. And this for two reasons. 
 First, it is the highest schools which produce the 
 largest number of those men and women wHom we 
 regard as the leaders of the country. The ideals of 
 the nation are being shaped, her practical policy is 
 being directed most powerfully, by those who have in 
 one way or another won for themselves an advanced 
 education. And the majority of these have obtained 
 it in the colleges, universities and professional 
 schools. Secondly, it is a higher and the highest 
 schools which inform the spirit and sustain the effi- 
 ciency of education even of little children. The prin- 
 ciple is being recognized more widely every year that 
 it requires the best trained minds to deal most power- 
 fully with the minds of the youngest, and touch them 
 to the finest issues. Eipe culture, large wisdom, the 
 trained will, as well as the tender sympathies which 
 
 28 
 
wide study ought to give, these are all needed, if the 
 full meaning of education is to be realized among the 
 myriad little ones, who fill the schools today and rule 
 the land tomorrow. It is the quality of the highest 
 institutions which determines that of all below them. 
 The country with the best Colleges will, in these 
 democratic days, do the most even for those multi- 
 tudes who will never be hazed as freshman or gowned 
 as graduates, for those who will sweat in foundries 
 and win our living from the soil. 
 
 When we ask ourselves what it is that these higher 
 schools are intended to give, the answer will come in 
 these words: Power, Culture, Purpose. It is hard 
 to discuss them separately for each, when rightly 
 understood, implies the other. Nevertheless each has 
 its distinctive note. 
 
 And first of Power. Knowledge is Power. And 
 yet we are warned by many and great authorities 
 that the education which aims only at knowledge is 
 the destruction of power. President Hadley has 
 pointed this out in his clear and convincing way. 
 ^^We are," he says, "in the presence of a combination 
 of causes which produces a real danger that our 
 teachers will lay too much stress on knowledge and 
 too little on power." "The pupils with few exceptions 
 enjoy being taught knowledge and do not enjoy being 
 taught power." And he gives in illustration. "Many 
 a boy has suffered actual injury by studying too ex- 
 tensively into the phenomena of force before he has 
 mastered the mathematical principles which regulate 
 them." It is not always easy to draw the line between 
 these two results in all departments of instruction. 
 But it is a distinction of real importance. The edu- 
 cated man, the man of power, has trained and dis- 
 ciplined his mind by laying hold of methods of inves- 
 
 29 
 
ligation rather than the accumulation of the mere 
 results. He has grasped the principles that under- 
 lie the study of History and Philosophy, he has mas- 
 tered the grammar and structure of language, and 
 not merely read books about Philosophy or ended his 
 language work when he was just able to look up the 
 interesting derivation of "horticulture" and "tribu- 
 lation.'' Much knowledge comes with these proces- 
 ses; but the knowledge is less than the discipline, the 
 numbers of facts remembered are not nearly so im- 
 portant in his life-endowment as the power which he 
 has gained over these instruments by which facts are 
 discovered, arranged, remembered and controlled. 
 
 The danger referred to by President Hadley has 
 crept too far into some even of the great universi- 
 ties where competition among elective courses has not 
 been always healthy, either for those teachers who 
 are tempted to be popular, or for those students who 
 are tempted to pursue the lines of mere personal in- 
 terest and passing fashion. 
 
 The second great aim of higher education is best 
 expressed by that much abused and most necessary 
 word "culture.'' A few years ago, when some of us 
 were in our enthusiastic and happy student days, this 
 term was much discussed; and Mathew Arnold was 
 called the Apostle of Culture. Notwithstanding some 
 serious defects in his use of the term, and his appli- 
 cation of it to contemporary situations, I believe that 
 no better, no more dignified, and stimulating descrip- 
 tion of it has been given than his own. "Culture is 
 properly described," he says, "not as having its origin 
 in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of 
 perfection; it is a study of perfection. It moves by 
 the force, not merely or primaril^^ of the scientific 
 passion for pure knowledge, but also of the moral and 
 
 30 
 
social passion for doing good." Now I am free to 
 admit that Arnold's definition of culture was evi- 
 dently colored by the argument which he had it in 
 mind to pursue in his further discussion of religion, 
 and the religious situation in England. And in that 
 case, this may be said, that culture as we often under- 
 stand it, is something more than that power of which 
 we have already spoken, and something less than that 
 purpose of which we must speak later. A man has 
 culture in so far as he has interest in and apprecia- 
 tion for other lines of power than those in which he 
 is professionally concerned. As Professor Paulsen 
 has said, "Only such knowledge is valuable to the in- 
 dividual as either serves to give him professional 
 culture, or intensifies his general culture or both." 
 Now this general culture it is the interest of every 
 man to acquire, and it is one of the main functions 
 of a College or a university to bestow. A certain for- 
 eign visitor whose own widely and highly trained pow- 
 ers gave him the right to judge and to speak, on vis- 
 iting a great university was amazed to find in it a 
 number of professors who are known as specialists, 
 but who had not interest beyond their particular field 
 of investigation. His comment was that these were 
 able and learned, but not educated, men. We shall 
 never make a great nation out of men whose energies 
 are all narrowed to their own trade or profession. 
 We shall never make a great College or university out 
 of a company of mere specialists. Culture is essen- 
 tially a power to sympathize with the minds of other 
 men, to feel the value of other labors than our own, 
 to be able to walk at sunset arm in arm with our 
 neighbor in his fields, when we have done a hard day's 
 work in our own. And the power, the heart to do this 
 can only come to men who in their own self-culture 
 
 31 
 
or in their College course have been led by trained 
 minds into various fields of discipline and instruction. 
 
 The great dangers of general culture are twofold. 
 One is described with great force by Paulsen who 
 finds it where a man's culture has made him bitterly 
 discontented with that line of life in which he must 
 work for his bread and butter all his days. Culture 
 has injured him, if it only becomes the stimulant of 
 his vagrant and vain ambitions, instead of comfort- 
 ing and sweetening his permanent lot and task. The 
 other comes when culture renders a man so sympa- 
 thetic towards all forms of belief, so appreciative of 
 the difficulties which haunt every conviction, so keen- 
 ly aware of the partial blindness which seems neces- 
 sary to every form of real enthusiasm, and of that 
 sense of failure which is apt to follow all passionate 
 pursuit of ideals, that his own ardors are cooled, his 
 own desire for the attainment of good is smothered 
 by the fogs of doubt, and turned into the sneers of 
 despair. Then you have that monster of education 
 whom we have learned to call the cynic. He is to 
 be seen too often today in the academic world, he 
 is too much in evidence among our smaller poets and 
 playwrights, among our delicate essayists; and he is 
 found even among our instructors of youth. 
 
 What shall save us from this strange anomaly, this 
 unnatural product of our schools. Salvation from 
 cynicism can only be found, when in the discipline 
 of man's powers, along with a gift of culture, we give 
 him a great purpose. For the cynic is seldom to be 
 found among men of action, whose souls are on fire 
 with a great zeal. Education is not complete and 
 even the highest education has become a disaster and 
 source of shame, unless it plants in a man, unless it 
 nourishes, and guides and enlightens, the will to be 
 of use. Mathew Arnold saw this with the utmost 
 
 32 
 
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clearness when he said that culture is not only to be 
 found in curiosity and clearness, but in the purpose 
 "to make reason and the will of God prevail." A man 
 who has no purpose above having enough to eat and 
 drink is no more than an animal. And the man whose 
 only delight is to sun himself in the light of intellec- 
 tual glory — he also has failed to be man. Some 
 central passion must fill his heart, some high and 
 noble endeavor must gather to itself all his powers, 
 and consecrate all his acquirements. To make each 
 man clear about that, to help each youth in the years 
 when his nature is opening to the joy and task of a 
 human life, that is the god-like labor of those who 
 are engaged in the highest form of education. It is 
 purpose, worthy and noble purpose, which alone can 
 fill a man's culture with warmth, and his power with 
 light. And no man can ever name or know the su- 
 preme purpose of his own life, who has not discovered 
 the purpose of that God who gave him being and gives 
 him love. 
 
 I believe that in the carrying out of this threefold 
 labor the American College has a peculiar influence 
 and a splendid history before it. Some authorities 
 indeed have wondered whether the rise of the great 
 State universities does not menace the existence of 
 the small Colleges. It has seemed as if between the 
 upper and nether millstones of the public high school 
 and the public university, the independent College 
 must be ground into powder. And several of these 
 Colleges, under pressure of this dread, have consented 
 to lay aside their traditional independence through 
 some form of affiliation with the larger institutions. 
 But such is not the view which most of us cherish 
 today among these surroundings and in this celebra- 
 tion. The College which has had its origin in relig- 
 ious zeal, and to this almost all those to which I refer 
 
 33 
 
must be traced, is a unique and powerful product of 
 American soil. Its exact kind does not exist in any 
 other land. It was only possible where a vast terri- 
 tory was being covered by a free and self-propelling 
 population, where men and women arose who cher- 
 ished lofty ideals for the youth and the whole future 
 of the land they loved. They laid the foundations 
 of their Colleges often with tears of joy and deeds of 
 costly self-sacrifice. The institutions which were 
 thus created have a permanent and immeasurable sig- 
 nificance. It does not require hostile criticism of our 
 State or other great universities, to say, that after 
 they have performed their noblest functions they leave 
 a large and even essential place for the independent 
 college. If we still call the College Christian, we do 
 not mean to say that the State university is without 
 religion. If we suggest that a kind and quality of 
 work can be done here better than there, it does not 
 imply that there are not other kinds of work which 
 can be better done there than here. To claim all the 
 virtues for either institution is to speak with that 
 exaggeration which is always near to insincerity. 
 
 It is especially in relation to the second and 
 third of the great functions of education that a well 
 equipped College can contribute some elements of its 
 own to the character, ideals and history of the nation. 
 Power, it can and must confer upon its students, 
 power to work with disciplined mind in their life 
 calling. To fail there is to resign the right to live 
 at all. But on that firm basis I believe it can do its 
 most distinctive work for the general culture and 
 religious spirit of its students. Some seem to imag- 
 ine that culture is only to be found where multitudin- 
 ous chairs and courses offer their rival attractions. 
 On the other hand, just because its choices in the 
 list of studies are fewer, the College can insist on a 
 
 34 
 
curriculum, for every student, which shall give him a 
 good grounding in all the fundamental instruments 
 of culture. And just because its students and teach- 
 ers are fewer there can be brought into play a direct- 
 ness, an intensity, and a discrimination w^hich are 
 impossible amid the crowded classrooms the more 
 formal relation, the more casual and concentrated 
 intercourse of institutions which are as large as some 
 cities, and whose distinctions — social, economic, in- 
 tellectual and religious — are as numerous and as 
 strictly drawn almost as in the outer world. The 
 teachers themselves in independent Colleges are 
 brought inevitably into closer and more constant re- 
 lations with men of other departments than their own, 
 and are able to oversee the cultural as well as the 
 specialist development of their students. I am aware 
 that a small institution can miss its mark as com- 
 pletely as a large, and in some large institutions 
 through the influence of powerful and inspiring per- 
 sonalities, this closer gardening of young lives can 
 be done and is producing finest fruit. But I am 
 speaking of those deep and natural tendencies which 
 stir in all human breasts, and which in the long run 
 do have their own way with the life and work of every 
 institution which society may create. 
 
 And now let me say a word or two on the special 
 educational significance of the two buildings which 
 today Marietta College has the happiness of dedicat- 
 ing to this high service of God and country. 
 
 All knowledge is a social product. As soon as we 
 rise above those levels of animal life in which what 
 we ignorantly call instinct has full play, we find all liv- 
 ing individuals teaching each other. No man learns 
 or achieves anything wholly by himself. No discov- 
 ery in science, no new step in philosophy, is ever the 
 sole product of a mind working in isolation. In Col- 
 
 35 
 
lege life, this becomes very clear to every thoughtful 
 Freshman as he opens his eyes in his new world. 
 "Much is to learn, much to forget", and he must put 
 his own individual strength into the double task. 
 But he soon finds that he cannot do it alone. Besides 
 his living and professional teachers, he finds himself 
 in contact with a hodj of students and the litera- 
 ture of many ages. The three educational forces of 
 a College are these, the classroom, the dormitory, and 
 the library, when grasped and firmly used by the will 
 of a young and ardent soul. 
 
 It is perhaps only in after years that he will know, 
 in looking back, how much he learned from his fellow 
 students. He thought of them only as friends; some 
 of them he will learn to speak of as his best instruc- 
 tors, his wisest guides, his purest sources of inspira- 
 tion. Unhappy the College man who, casting back 
 his eyes to those dear years, recalls not some student 
 faces which he believes to have been among God's best 
 gifts to him ! He called them but his friends. What 
 has Bacon said in his own great way about Friend- 
 ship? Let us listen to those high tones: 
 
 "The second fruit of friendship is healthful and 
 sovereign for the understanding, as the first is for the 
 affections. For friendship maketh indeed a fair day 
 in the affections, from storm and tempests; but it 
 maketh daylight in the understanding, out of dark- 
 ness and confusions of thought; nor is this to be un- 
 derstood only of faithful counsel, which a man receiv- 
 eth from his friend ; but before you come to that, cer- 
 tain it is, that whosoever has his mind fraught with 
 many thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify 
 and break up in the communicating and discoursing 
 with another; he tosseth his thoughts more easily; he 
 marshalleth them more orderly; he seeth how they 
 look when they are turned into words ; finally he wax- 
 
 36 
 
eth wiser than himself; and that more by an hour's 
 discourse, than a day's meditation." What more 
 beautiful thing can be done for a College and for 
 many generations of young men, than to provide for 
 them this home where these splendid influences can be 
 mutually exercised and experienced. Happy the 
 builders of Fayerweather Hall, and happy the men 
 who there shall find as Bacon puts it in another place, 
 that "Example teacheth, company comforteth, emu- 
 lation quickeneth, glory raiseth." 
 
 And the library of a College has a power even great- 
 er and more vital than a dormitory. For there the 
 student inherits the labors of the greatest minds in 
 the whole history of man. In the hush of that room 
 I always feel as though I were in a holy place, as if 
 I were encompassed by a great cloud of witnesses, 
 august and kingly. To feel as you enter that they 
 are waiting, silent and not intrusive, waiting for the 
 man who is ready to speak with them ! To know that 
 the very w ords of Plato ought to be addressed to you, 
 that the mind of Shakespeare, of whom it is said: 
 "Others abide our question, thou art free," is ready to 
 utter its confidences on the whole field of human ex- 
 perience in your ear ! To grasp the fact that you may 
 train your mind to follow the steps of Immanuel Kant 
 as he wanders through a tangled maze of reasoning 
 and leaves you at last on the heights in a new world, 
 unable ever to think as a child again ! To find here, 
 offered to your scrutiny the discoveries of Newton and 
 Darwin. To come here when you are weary and open 
 a book that will sing in your heart the music of Shelly 
 and Tennyson, sing it until through your pulses the 
 river of peace is flowing again! What is there of 
 discipline, or wisdom, or delight, which a library may 
 not give to the man who will use it, use it as a 
 priceless boon. Out of that communion with the 
 
 37 
 
great souls of the human race, what great souls should 
 be formed. 
 
 Happy again are they who have had any share in 
 putting this noble building into the very heart of 
 Marietta College. Happy the student who here shall 
 be daily tempted and persuaded to become great 
 readers. There is nothing more absurd, nothing more 
 dreary, than to see a student who knows nothing but 
 his text-book and reads nothing he is not told to read. 
 But of the man who will hear the call of the centuries' 
 great voices upon these shelves, who will set himself 
 to read all he can of all kinds of things, to measure 
 his mind against the master minds that rule the ages, 
 and open his heart to all the regal hearts that have 
 loved the great truths and done the great deeds, of 
 that man it may be said that he shall walk all his days 
 among kings. May the God of all Truth dwell in these 
 halls and send forth one generation after another of 
 those who here have gained control of their native 
 powers, have Avon the culture of communion with 
 noble minds in the past and present, who have received 
 here into their eager hearts the purpose that shall 
 make their lives sublime. 
 
 38 
 
STORY OF THURSDAY 
 
 The beautiful weather on Wednesday and the large 
 success of the reception Wednesday evening which 
 was attended by many distinguished visitors whose 
 arrival had not been previously announced, promised 
 a very large audience for the important ceremony of 
 Thursday. Even unpropitious weather failed to mar 
 to an appreciable extent the exercises, for, sometime 
 previous to the forming of the procession at the Ohio 
 Land Company's Office on Washington street the 
 Campus had begun to fill. Company B of the Sev- 
 enth Regiment, O. N. G., headed by the Marietta 
 Band, formed the escort to the Vice President and 
 Governor. Then followed the distinguished guests 
 and officials in carriages, followed by the Jewell 
 Drum Corps and a large number of G. A. R. Veterans. 
 The line of march was down Washington to Front, 
 to Putnam, to the Campus, where the platform had 
 been erected. The tablet was placed upon a huge 
 block of Indiana limestone weighing sixteen and one- 
 half tons and directly in front of the entrance to the 
 new Library. It is designed to make a suitable ap- 
 proach with steps leading up each side of the mon- 
 ument to the level of the walk in front of the Library. 
 The monument will thus fall perfectly into the gen- 
 eral scheme of beautifying the grounds. 
 
 The inspiring exercises were conducted amid alter- 
 nate bursts of sunshine and gusty showers, and were 
 more than perfect in arrangement and in conduct. 
 
 39 
 
At the conclusion the suppressed enthusiasm of the 
 student-body found vent in the annual football game 
 between Marietta and the champions from the neigh- 
 boring Mountain State, Mrs. Longworth enthusiasti- 
 cally waving Marietta on to her first victory over 
 West Virginia University since 1899. 
 
 In the evening a banquet under the auspices of 
 the Marietta Board of Trade was spread in Goshorn 
 Gymnasium at which some three hundred business 
 men of Marietta and invited guests were seated. The 
 event proved unexpectedly enjoyable, surpassing any 
 banquet served in Marietta in years in point of in- 
 formal enthusiasm and good fellowship. The toasts 
 responded to by the Vice-President, Colonel Putnam, 
 and A. D. Follett were of solid worth beyond the 
 usual mark, while Nicholas Longworth and his Con- 
 gressional comrade E. D. Cole supplied the fund of 
 humor and by-play necessary to perfect an immensely 
 enjoyable evening. 
 
 40 
 
PROGRAM OF THURSDAY AFTERNOON 
 
 Music by Marietta Band 
 
 Introduction by Presiding Officer 
 
 Hon. Charles S. Dana, Marietta 
 
 Invocation Rev. John R. Nichols, D. D. 
 
 Pastor First Congregational Church — The Church 
 of the Pioneers 
 
 Presentation of Tablet on behalf of the Ohio 
 
 Company of Associates of New York 
 
 Homer Lee, Esq., New York City, Vice Pres. 
 
 unveilijStg of the tablet 
 By Mrs. Alice Roosevelt Longworth 
 
 Music — "The Star Spangled Banner" 
 
 Acceptance of the Tablet on behalf of the City of 
 
 Marietta, and of Marietta College 
 
 Mayor C. F. Leeper and Pres. A. T. Perry, D. D. 
 
 Greeting from the State of Ohio 
 
 His Excellency, Governor Andrew L. Harris 
 
 Greeting from the United States 
 
 His Excellency, Vice Prest. Charles W. Fairbanks 
 
 Historical Oration 
 
 Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart, LL. D. 
 
 Of Harvard University 
 
 Hymn — "America" 
 
 41 
 
PRESENTATION OF THE TABLET 
 
 By Homer Lee, Esq., Vice-President of the Ohio 
 Company of Associates of New York. 
 
 It is nearly a century and a quarter since those rev- 
 olutionary officers under the lead of Gen. Rufus Put- 
 nam, met at the Bunch of Grapes Tavern in Boston 
 on April 25th, 1786, and organized the Ohio Company 
 of Associates. The direct fruit of that meeting has 
 been of incalculable value to this nation. The Great 
 Ordinance of 1787 for the government of the North- 
 west Territory would not have been passed in its final 
 form had it not been for their persistence. The set- 
 tlement of Marietta laid the foundation for the Com- 
 monwealth of Ohio. The influence of these pioneers 
 shaped the development of this western region. Their 
 names and their deeds are w^orthy of everlasting re- 
 membrance. 
 
 A small group of sons of Ohio, desiring to perpetu- 
 ate the memory of their achievements, formed a new 
 association under the old name, and finally became in- 
 corporated, November 29th, 1902, under the laws of 
 the State of New York, as the Ohio Company of Asso- 
 ciates. This company has undertaken to erect a 
 chain of memorial tablets commemorating the stir- 
 ring events of historic interest from the period when 
 Ohio was a "vacant territory" to the time when she be- 
 came a "new state northwest of the Ohio," in order 
 that the lesson of the lives of these founders may be- 
 
 42 
 
come deeply impressed upon the minds of the youth 
 of the present and coming generations. These tablets 
 of imperishable bronze will be placed upon sites where 
 perpetual preservation and care will be assured. 
 
 It was planned to place the first tablet upon the 
 walls of the sub-Treasury in New York City, which 
 stands upon the site of the old Federal Hall. It was 
 while meeting in this building that the Continental 
 Congress passed the Great Ordinance of 1787, con- 
 cerning the Northwest Territory, and that other ordi- 
 nance so closely connected with it, authorizing the 
 sale of lands to the Ohio Company. Through the 
 co-operation of the lamented William McKinley be- 
 fore he became president, the proper authority was 
 ultimately obtained to place the first Ohio Company 
 memorial alongside the Washington statue without 
 an act of Congress. This tablet Avas installed on 
 November 29th, 1905, under the most flattering aus- 
 pices. A guard of honor from the Army and Navy, 
 commanded in person by Major General Frederick D. 
 Grant, as well as details of Minute Men were in at- 
 tendance. The oration of the occasion was delivered 
 by Hon. Stewart L. Woodford to a great throng filling 
 Wall street. The tablet was accepted on behalf of 
 the United States by Hon. Hamilton Fish, Assistant 
 Treasurer, and addresses were made by Lieutenant 
 Governor Bruce, the acting Mayor of New York City 
 and others. 
 
 The site for the second tablet was fixed here at 
 Marietta, the first settlement in Ohio, the home and 
 final resting place of Rufus Putnam, the great leader, 
 and his comrades, whose bodies lie clustered about 
 yonder ancient conical mound. The most appropri- 
 ate spot in this city seemed to be the campus of Mari- 
 etta College, which has become the custodian of so 
 many of the ancient documents of the Ohio Company, 
 
 43 
 
including the original records and the correspondence 
 of General Putnam. We found these documents 
 carefully filed away and guarded as precious treas- 
 ures, but in a building not fire-proof. It is largely 
 due to a watchful Providence that they have been 
 preserved to find a secure home in this magnificent 
 new library building. 
 
 It is the purpose of the new Ohio Company to erect 
 other tablets in Boston, Hartford and, if possible, in 
 the Capitols of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin 
 and Minnesota, states in whole or in part belonging 
 to the old Northwest Territory. 
 
 And now we have gathered here to unveil the second 
 tablet in this chain, and we all hope this memorial 
 and the institution which stands sponsor for it, will 
 be as lasting as the pre-historic mounds that are so 
 conspicuous a feature of this beautiful city. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure, on behalf 
 of the Ohio Company of Associates of New York, to 
 present to the city of Marietta and to Marietta Col- 
 lege, which will be its custodian, this memorial to the 
 brave and true men who laid the foundations of this 
 Western Empire. May it serve its intended purpose 
 and quicken the patriotism and devotion to high 
 ideals of the coming generations of young people in 
 this Commonwealth. 
 
 ACCEPTANCE OF THE TABLET ON BEHALF OF THE 
 CITY OF MARIETTA 
 
 By His Honor Mayor Charles F. Leeper 
 
 Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 It gives me much pleasure on behalf of the City of 
 Marietta, to accept this memorial from the hands of 
 the Ohio Company of Associates, of the City of New 
 
 44 
 
York, and I assure its donors that it will ever be 
 treasured and protected as one of the most precious 
 remembrances our city has ever received. 
 
 In all the annals of the past no more fortunate his- 
 tory is to be found than that which began at Marietta 
 on April 7th, 1788. The ordinance under which this 
 settlement was made devoted this territory forever to 
 equality, to education, to religion, and to liberty. 
 This remembrance, therefore, should stimulate the 
 citizens of our city and state, to follow the noble ex- 
 ample of our ancestors and with the greatest rever- 
 ence and veneration for the work of their hands, trans- 
 mit the inheritances we have received to our posterity. 
 So that in years to come the great principles of free- 
 dom, as established by the pioneers in the Northwest 
 Territory, may serve as a beacon light to the civil- 
 ized world. And this tablet will ever stand as a 
 beautiful and silent tribute to the memory of that 
 little band of pioneers who landed here from the sec- 
 ond Mayflower, and by their industry, integrity, and 
 perseverance have made the second Mayflower a flower 
 of perpetual bloom. It has withstood climatic chan- 
 ges and grows more beautiful with age, and it will 
 continue to spread its petals to the world, and to 
 exhale an everlasting fragrance through the ages of 
 recorded time. 
 
 Again, on behalf of our city, I thank you most 
 heartily for this remembrance. 
 
 ACCEPTANCE OF THE TABLET ON BEHALF OF 
 MARIETTA COLLEGE 
 
 By President Alfred Tyler Perry, D. D. 
 
 This College was founded by the sons of the 
 Pioneers. It was born of the same love for education 
 
 45 
 
as inspired those settlers in the wilderness to open 
 here the first classical school in the Northwest Terri- 
 tory. That school, the Muskingum Academy, organ- 
 ized in 1797, trained the young people of this and 
 neighboring communities for a generation. Marietta 
 College has therefore deep roots in the past, and is 
 bound by inheritance as well as in spirit to the great 
 men and great movements which we today commem- 
 orate. Marietta College is proud of this connection 
 and is devoted to the history of the early time. It has 
 been made the custodian of the early records of the 
 Ohio Company and the extensive correspondence and 
 other papers of Gen. Rufus Putnam, as well as the 
 Hildreth Collection of early documents and many 
 journals and letters of early settlers. A few years 
 ago Hon. Eodney M. Stimson gave to it his unsur- 
 passed collection of books on the Northwest Terri- 
 tory numbering nearly 20,000 volumes. More recent- 
 ly Mr. Charles G. Slack has donated his wholly unique 
 collection of historical documents and prints. Some 
 precious relics also of the early days have come to 
 it, and its friends long for the time when there may 
 be gathered in a fire-proof building to be erected for 
 the purpose on the campus, the memorials of the past 
 which abound in this region. 
 
 May I say, also that you, sir, have done well in 
 placing this memorial in the custody of this institu- 
 tion, not merely because it has manifested its inter- 
 est in these things, but also because a College like 
 this has an enduring life. Men come and go; the 
 institution lives. Those who one day are leaders, are 
 in a few years forgotten; but the College survives 
 to hold up high ideals and to teach the lessons of the 
 past to each succeeding generation. 
 
 And now, sir. Marietta College, and its Trustees 
 
 46 
 
and Faculty and students accept this trust you have 
 laid upon us and we pledge the Ohio Company of 
 Associates of New York for ourselves and our suc- 
 cessors, that we will guard and cherish this beautiful 
 tablet, and will preserve for all time the memory of 
 those deeds it commemorates. As this imperishable 
 bronze is riveted to this stone in a union than cannot 
 be broken, so shall these noble deeds and nobler spirit 
 of the fathers be bound to our hearts to be an inspira- 
 tion forever. And may the God of our Fathers bless 
 our undertaking. 
 
 47 
 
ADDEESS OF ANDREW L. HARRIS, 
 GOVERNOR OF OHIO 
 
 We are reminded by this occasion that we are living 
 in a commemorative period of our history. Ours is an 
 era of anniversaries. We scatter flowers above the 
 graves where sleep our patriotic dead. We rear 
 monuments where right triumphed in the shock of 
 battle. We inscribe on tablets of bronze and granite 
 the enduring triumphs of peace. 
 
 Our country is fortunate in a past with messages 
 of inspiration for us and the generations to come. 
 Such is the event that we are met this day to celebrate. 
 
 I shall not venture upon the ground assigned to the 
 distinguished scholar who is to follow me; but we 
 cannot comtemplate the Ordinance of 1787 without 
 feelings of pride and gratulation at its far-reaching 
 and beneficent results. When it was adopted by the 
 old Continental Congress, only one State of the Union 
 had prohibited slavery, and that one through a decision 
 of its suprme court. True, Vermont, which had not 
 then formally joined the Confederation, had declared 
 in her constitution, adopted in 1777, that no person 
 "ought" to be bound as a slave. With this exception, 
 if exception it may be called, the territory northwest 
 of the River Ohio, by virtue of the Ordinance of 1787, 
 was the first within the present limits of the United 
 States specifically dedicated to universal liberty. 
 
 Under the authority of both England and France, 
 slavery had previously existed in the Territory. The 
 
 48 
 
DO 
 
 r 
 
 w1 
 
great Ordinance was therefore, in the region embraced, 
 the initial emancipation proclamation of America. 
 
 The authorship of the clause prohibiting slavery 
 has been the theme of learned controversy, and the 
 motives that led to its unanimous adoption by Con- 
 gress have been the subject of much speculation. Local 
 self-interest and the desire for present advantage 
 doubtless mingled, as they not infrequntly do, with 
 humanitarian sentiment, love of freedom, and the 
 prophetic vision of the miracle of progress to be 
 enacted on this continent. 
 
 Certain it is, that this provision was not generally 
 satisfactory to the pioneers who had already settled in 
 the Territory. Some of them owned slaves; others 
 aspired to the possession of this species of property. 
 From the portions of the Territory now embraced in 
 the states of Indiana and Illinois, numerous petitions 
 were sent to Congress asking for the suspension or 
 repeal of this section. Wm. H. Harrison, soldier, 
 patriot and President of the United States, supposed 
 in his later years to favor gradual emancipation, when 
 governor of the Indiana Territory, presided over a 
 pro-slavery convention and forw^arded to Congress 
 resolutions favoring the re-establishment of slavery 
 in that territory. None of these memorials were 
 favorably considered. In an adverse report on one of 
 them, John Randolph, of Roanoke, declared, "The 
 rapid population of the State of Ohio sufficiently 
 evinces that the labor of slaves is not necessary to 
 promote the growth and settlement of that region. 
 * * * In the salutary operation of this sagacious 
 and benevolent restraint, it is believed that the in- 
 habitants of Indiana will, at no distant day, find 
 ample remuneration for a temporary privation of 
 labor and emigration." 
 
 49 
 
What a verification of that prophecy is found in the 
 subsequent history of the States of Indiana and 
 Illinois. Today in wealth and population they far 
 surpass the original states at the close of the Revolu- 
 tion, and their sturdy sons rejoice with us that they 
 were born free. 
 
 In the experiment of a century ago, there is a lesson 
 for the present. This beacon light of liberty that the 
 founders raised in the wilderness called over the 
 mountains and across the river a people alien neither 
 in race nor in spirit to our institutions. Some of the 
 vanguard of this western migration had shown their 
 devotion to the infant republic on the fields of the 
 Revolution. When the chivalrous Lafayette visited 
 this spot in 1825, truly did he say of those veteran 
 pioneers : 
 
 "I knew them all. I saw them at the Brandywine, 
 at Yorktown, and Rhode Island. They were the 
 bravest of the brave.'' 
 
 And in contemplation of the results that have flowed 
 from the event that we celebrate today, as truly did he 
 say in response to an address of welcome by the Gov- 
 ernor of our State : 
 
 "The highest reward that can be bestowed on a 
 revolutionary veteran is to welcome him to a sight of 
 the blessings which have issued from our struggle for 
 independence, freedom and equal rights. Where can 
 those enjoyments be more complete than in the State 
 of Ohio where even among the prodigies of American 
 progress, we are so particularly to admire the rapid 
 and wonderful results of free institutions, free spirit, 
 and free industry.'' 
 
 The pioneers came not as taskmasters. They 
 scorned to eat their bread in the sweat of servile brows. 
 
 50 
 
On wild Monongahela's stream 
 
 They launched the Mayflower of the West, 
 A perfect State their civic dream, 
 
 A new New World their pilgrim quest. 
 
 They came to dignify labor by rearing homes with 
 their own hands in this favored land. The forests 
 made room for the garden, the orchard and the grain 
 field; the solitude was vibrant with the sound of in- 
 dustry and vocal with the songs of hope and love. 
 These builders of the State loved the fields cleared by 
 their hands. In the triumph of free labor they and 
 their sons rejoiced and fiourished. They developed a 
 patriotism unique in its intensity. In every fibre 
 they were Americans. 
 
 Just now, as one hundred years ago, there is talk of 
 a scarcity of labor. Great enterprises, we are told, 
 await the advent of day laborers by the hundred thou- 
 sand, to push them to completion. In the light of the 
 event that we celebrate and its results, we may well 
 ponder the character of the labor with which we are 
 to recruit our industrial army. It must not bear the 
 brand of servility. It must be free. And no matter 
 from what quarter of the world it may come, in ideals 
 and aspiration it must be thoroughly American. A 
 few days ago, one of our great captains of industry 
 declared that in fifty years our population will reach 
 200,000,000. Where are they to come from. There 
 are countries from which our immigration cannot be 
 too large. It is well to be choosers while we may. 
 Great enterprises may wait ; but if they are to be con- 
 sumated only by lowering the standard of American 
 labor and American living, they may well wait forever. 
 
 When the Ordinance of 1787 went into effect, there 
 were no state lines on this side of the river. Even 
 now we are disposed to forget them. We are justly 
 proud of all the states that were the offspring of that 
 
 51 
 
compact. You will pardon me, I know, for a special 
 pride in Ohio, the eldest of the five. Comparisons 
 need not be odious, and I shall certainly not offend by 
 quoting from a well-known and reputable historian of 
 the sister State of Indiana, He tells us that in the 
 early period of the settlement of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory, those who favored the anti-slavery clause of the 
 Ordinance for the most part remained in that portion 
 which afterward became Ohio, while those who were 
 opposed to it went farther west. He also declares that 
 if this provision had not been upheld, "certainly 
 Illinois and probably Indiana would have become 
 slave states". Surely it must be gratifying to the 
 citizens of Ohio to know that the pioneer fathers never 
 faltered in allegiance to the original compact. From 
 the day that the "Mayflower of the West", bearing the 
 first settlers, touched the shore yonder, down to this 
 hour Ohio has stood for universal liberty and her heart 
 has throbbed in unison with the Ordinance. One hun- 
 dred and nineteen years have passed away and the 
 principles dear to her youth have found their way into 
 our national constitution and have become the corner- 
 stone of the Republic. 
 
 But liberty is not our only heritage. From the 
 beginning this goodly land was devoted to religious 
 freedom and popular education. Churches and 
 schools and colleges have risen on every hand, sur- 
 passing the most sanguine anticipations of the fathers. 
 In the teeming present the spirit of the founders will 
 live. 
 
 As glides Oye's solemn flood 
 
 So fleeted their eventful years; 
 Resurgent in their children's blood, 
 
 They live on — the Pioneers. 
 
 Their fame shrinks not to names and dates. 
 
 On votive stone, the prey of time : 
 Behold where monumental states 
 
 Immortalize their lives sublime! 
 
 52 
 
It is indeed fitting that we should celebrate the 
 triumphs of our progress on this ground dedicated to 
 morality and learning. Inspired by the achievements 
 of the past, grateful for our heritage and proud of our 
 contribution to liberty and union, — the great Ordin- 
 ance that has become warp and woof of our national 
 fabric, — we may look forward with an abiding hope 
 that the generations to come will keep step with the 
 music of progress and raise their voices in the pledge 
 to the Republic, — 
 
 We will write thy story, 
 We will keep thy glory 
 As pure as of old for a thousand years. 
 
 53 
 
ADDKESS BY VICE-PRESIDENT CHARLES W. 
 FAIRBANKS 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens: I am very 
 much gratified, indeed, for the opportunity to partici- 
 pate with you in this interesting, historical ceremony. 
 It is one of interest not only to the city of Marietta, 
 but it is of special interest to the entire United States, 
 for the event which we thus commemorate was of as 
 far-reaching benefit as the limits of our Republic. 
 There seems to have been something providential in 
 the progress of the American people from the earliest 
 moment until now. In every great exigency the men 
 who laid the foundations of civil liberty and social 
 progress have been men well fitted for the task — the 
 sublimest in all of our entire citizenship. Those who 
 laid the foundations of civil society and civil gov- 
 ernment here an hundred and eighteen years ago were 
 men Avell qualified to build a state. The time since 
 then is but brief when measured by the calendar but 
 when measured by the events which have come and 
 gone, it seems as though centuries had intervened. 
 The spirit of those who came here into the wilderness 
 so brief a period in the past seems to pervade the very 
 atmosphere. As we passed through the streets today 
 on our way hither, we have seen the buildings, erected 
 by their hands, in Avhich they transacted the business 
 engaging their attention and in which they made their 
 habitations and their homes. Ah, the influences they 
 set in operation are as active and as forceful in our 
 progress and development now as in the years gone 
 
 54 
 
w*^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c t 
 
 
 t^'' 
 
 o^ 
 
 U 
 
 X 
 
by. The distinguished gentleman who presented this 
 tablet on behalf of The Ohio Company expressed the 
 hope that it would serve to perpetuate the memory 
 of the events it is intended to commemorate. I imag- 
 ine that in good time, this evidence of your loyalty 
 and generous regard will fade away and be forgotten, 
 but the institutions which it is sought to commemo- 
 rate will be a vitalizing power in the progress of the 
 world centuries and centuries after it has gone. 
 
 We go back to Boston, we go back to Philadelphia, 
 yes, we go back to New York, where the Ordinance of 
 1787 was born — we go back with reverential ad- 
 miration and profound gratitude, for in those places 
 Republican government took shape and our patriotic 
 ancestors dedicated the western continent to human 
 liberty forever and forever. We go w^estward from 
 the Allegheny Mountains down into the Ohio valley 
 to the historic city of Marietta, which is one of the 
 cradles of American liberty upon the western contin- 
 ent. It is fitting, indeed, my countrymen, that this 
 evidence of our gratitude should find its abiding place 
 here in the shadow of this venerable institution dedi- 
 cated to learning. Our ancestors who came here to 
 establish civil government and social order, to erect 
 the American home, took thought of knowledge, took 
 thought of the school, for they realized that American 
 liberty would survive and survive only through the 
 enlightenment of the great body of the people. They 
 had a veneration for the Christian religion and 
 they were enamoured of knowledge. They brought 
 with them here a respect for the common school, the 
 nursery of American patriotism. 
 
 I understand that this institution. Dr. Perry, 
 takes root in the patriotic and lofty purpose of the 
 pioneers of 1788. It is therefore appropriate, my 
 countrymen, that this evidence of our appreciation 
 
 55 
 
of those who did arduous work in the long ago should 
 be committed to the kindly keeping of this venerable 
 and generous mother of education. Long may she 
 live and may the charge committed to her care remain 
 as a Mecca unto which the feet of the patriots of the 
 Republic shall come in the centuries which stretch 
 before us with such splendid promise, and bathe their 
 souls in its holy atmosphere. 
 
 The Northwest Territory! What an empire it is! 
 How little those who came hither in those elder days, 
 even in the farthest reach and sweep of their imagina- 
 tion, could see of the present majesty and power of 
 the great Northwest. Ohio, God bless her, Indiana, 
 sj)lendid commonwealth and Michigan and Illinois 
 and Wisconsin — five majestic members of our noble 
 sisterhood of states dwelling forever in unity and in- 
 spired by the spirit which our fathers brought into 
 the Muskingum Valley an hundred and eighteen years 
 ago. They are, indeed, in the highest and best sense, 
 an empire. Over eighteen millions of people now in- 
 habit them. There are thousands today where there 
 were but scores in 1788. The wealth of these states is 
 beyond the reach of our imagination; it amounts to 
 untold billions of dollars; illimitable in material 
 strength and commercial power. We value all these 
 things but we value above and beyond them all the 
 spirit of liberty, the love of knowledge and the rever- 
 ence for religion which inspires the hearts of all who 
 now inhabit the old Northwest Territory. 
 
 The entire country is peculiarly interested in the 
 event we commemorate, for it affected the welfare of 
 the entire Republic. We are so interlaced, so inter- 
 woven in the loom of the Divine Purpose, that what 
 affects one section of the Republic always affects in 
 some manner every other portion of it from ocean 
 to ocean and from the Lakes to the Gulf. Our eighty- 
 
 56 
 
five millions of people are so interwoven in commer- 
 cial, social and political interest that we have a spe- 
 cial concern in the development of every portion and 
 section of our common country. I use the word 
 "section." It was once a narrow word, but in the 
 great civil conflict it was wiped from the vocabulary 
 of America by the richest blood of the Republic. We 
 use it now in its broad and comprehensive sense. 
 Whatever affects the welfare of a section of our coun- 
 try is a matter of concern to every other. 
 
 The Great Northwest Territory is the very heart of 
 the Republic, great today and destined to a greatness 
 in the future that we can little comprehend. It is 
 not given us to penetrate the veil that hangs between 
 ourselves and the years to come. But faith can pene- 
 trate it, and in faith we see here in the great North- 
 west, not the eighteen millions of today, but uncount- 
 ed millions more. Cities, greater and grander in 
 their magnificence than now. Schools and colleges 
 multiplied, and churches increased in all of the val- 
 leys and upon all of the hilltops in the territory of 
 the Northwest. In the great Mississippi valley will 
 be found a population inspired always with the sub- 
 lime spirit that actuated those who came hither an 
 hundred and eighteen years ago. They will expand 
 in patriotism, expand in love of home, expand in love 
 of country; and in the stress and strain of it shall 
 come to our institutions in the future the children 
 of the great Northwest who will prove worthy of 
 their ancestors. They will be a veritable bulwark of 
 refuge to the entire Republic. 
 
 57 
 
THE WESTERNIZATION OF NEW ENGLAND 
 
 HISTORICAL ORATION BY PROF. ALBERT BUSHNELL 
 HART, LL. D., OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 "Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be until 
 "Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill 
 "Shall come against him." 
 
 So spake the dread prophetesses to Macbeth; so 
 might have spoken the seers of NeAv England, when, 
 a century ago, they saw the beginnings of rival com- 
 monwealths across the mountains. For the New 
 England of 1806 was still a close and separate com- 
 munity, proud of its history, exulting in its vigor, 
 abounding in wealth above its neighbors, strong in 
 traditional public spirit, imbued with a sense of its 
 superiority to the rest of the Union, and rejoicing in 
 the colonies which it has planted in the wilderness, 
 to be centers of New England influence in the West. 
 Such occasions as this today give an opportunity to 
 review the influence of the East upon the West; to 
 follow the New Englanders all the way across New 
 York and Pennsylvania, and plant them on the banks 
 of the Ohio, or of Lake Erie. A few years ago, on an 
 historical occasion of moment in Wisconsin, a very em- 
 inent New Englander, the descendant of two presi- 
 dents, informed the audience before him that he was 
 probably the only person present who was aware that 
 the site of Madison had once been claimed as a part 
 of the Territory of Massachusetts. If I were to sug- 
 gest today that the Ohio Company, organized in Mas- 
 sachusetts, founded, named, built and made famous 
 
 58 
 
the city of Marietta, you would feel the same kind 
 of astonishment as that audience. You might go far- 
 ther, you might ask whether the Puritan fathers were 
 to have no rest; must they not only create their own 
 immortal role upon the world's stage, but appear be- 
 fore the curtain whenever the words "New England" 
 are heard? Why not leave them out today? Why 
 not assume for once that the religious, social and 
 political influence of New England is still going on 
 its way and spreading ever wider, — 
 
 "Out there on the Archipelago, 
 
 In the region of the Horn, 
 Somewhere in the locks of the Equinox 
 
 And the Tropic of Capricorn." 
 
 Twenty years ago, when the English historian, Ed- 
 ward Freeman, came over to lecture in America, he 
 painfully evolved the phrase "New England and Old 
 England," which seemed to him to involve the novel 
 historical truth that the old region preceded and ac- 
 counted for the new. Perhaps he was unaware that 
 during the English Commonwealth in Cromwell's 
 time, the people had much to say about "The New 
 England Way", by which they meant principles of 
 religious and political organization which had been 
 proved in America, and could be put into operation in 
 the mother country. There is also a Western Way, 
 an Ohio Idea, if we can only find it, which has in 
 like manner affected the hive from which swarmed the 
 New England emigrants of 1788. And who could 
 have a better opportunity to observe and record these 
 subtle influences than one who is himself an eastward 
 emigrant, a son of Ohio planted in Massachusetts? 
 Not that I am too deeply planted! People say that 
 in Magnolia Cemetery at Charleston, South Carolina, 
 is a tombstone bearing the inscription, "Here lies the 
 body of John Wilkins, who came to this place when 
 
 59 
 
six months old and died at the age of ninety four. 
 Although a comparative stranger in Charleston, Mr. 
 Wilkins' last days were soothed by the attentions of 
 the people of this city.^' Cambridge is more hospita- 
 ble; after only thirty years in Cambridge, one some- 
 times begins to see prospects of no longer being a com- 
 parative stranger there. On the other hand, as in the 
 case of the person down on Cape Cod, who was said 
 by her neighbors not to be a real Cape Cod woman, 
 inasmuch as her mother was born in Plymouth, per- 
 haps you will not accept as a proper representative 
 of the Ohio Company of Associates, a Western Reserve 
 Yankee, attendant on the shrine of the Connecticut 
 Land Company. Today, however, northern and south- 
 ern Ohio may in common cause claim for themselves 
 that their forefathers made New England; and that 
 the present generation in the West is helping to re- 
 make it. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF NEW ENGLAND PEOPLE 
 
 In a state like Ohio, within whose limits in 1787, 
 the only residents were wild Indians, the garrisons 
 of military posts, and a few squatters sullenly hid- 
 ing themselves from the troops who ejected them 
 whenever found, the elements of the original popu- 
 lation were all external. Ohio drew in people as a 
 dry sponge sucks in water ; but within the first decade, 
 a trickling stream of emigrants began to pass farther 
 westward, until today more than a million bom Buck- 
 eyes are a part of the population of other states and 
 territories; of these about ten thousand are settled 
 in New England; the state of Massachusetts has re- 
 ceived over five thousand of them and has contributed 
 only about seven thousand five hundred to the present 
 population of this stata It is not for me to say how 
 far the quality of these re-emigrants compares with 
 
 60 
 
THE MOUNTliD TABI.ET 
 
that of the sturdy pioneers of 1788. No one can study 
 the history of the Ohio Company without a strong 
 feeling of admiration for the character and pluck of 
 the first settlers, and of the thousands who followed 
 them from New England. At both ends of the line, 
 Rjafus Putnam stands as one of the most admirable 
 men of his time, realizing the dictum of Emerson: 
 "A sturdy lad from New Hampshire or Vermont, who 
 in turn tries all professions, who teams it, farms it, 
 peddles^ keeps a school, preaches, edits a newspaper, 
 goes to Congress, buys a township, etc., in successive 
 years, and always like a cat, falls on his feet, is worth 
 a hundred of these city dolls. He walks abreast with 
 his days, and feels no shame in not ^studying a pro- 
 fession' for he does not postpone his life but lives 
 already.^' Never was there a broader or a livelier 
 spirit of enterprise, and I am proud to be the husband 
 of one of Rufus Putnam's kinsfolk, and to find in 
 the list of Putnam's friends, who signed the petition 
 in 1783 the name of John Hart of Connecticut, from 
 among my own kinsfolk. 
 
 When Major Denny visited the little colony in 1788, 
 he recorded that ^^those people appear the most happy 
 folks in the world; greatly satisfied with their new 
 purchase. But they certainly are the best informed, 
 the most courageous and civil strangers I have yet 
 met with." Not only were the fathers of the Ohio 
 Company enterprising, they were far removed from 
 the supposed New England austerity and reserve. 
 Manasseh Cutler was treated with "a handsome din- 
 ner with punch and wine. The General and ladies 
 in the Garrison very sociable." And the prototype 
 of this gathering today appears to have been that de- 
 scribed by Cutler on Sunday, August 24, 1788. 
 "Cloudy this morning, and very muddy, attended pub- 
 lic worship in the Hall in Campus Martins; the hall 
 
 61 
 
very full; had but one exercise. People came from 
 the Virginia shore and from the garrison." The 
 ladies, too, then as now, contribute to the charms of 
 Marietta. The circumspect, Rev. Manasseh Cutler, 
 thought "Mrs. McCurdy very agreeable," and "Miss 
 Symmes a very well accomplished young lady." Anoth- 
 er traveller regrets to reflect upon "Miss Symmes' ami- 
 able disposition and highly cultivated mind, about to 
 be buried in the wilderness." The worlds of fashion 
 even extended to Indian belles, for Cutler writes of 
 a stately squaw. Madam Zanes. "It was. said she 
 had on three hundred brooches and that her whole 
 dress cost her |500." Yet, contrary perhaps to the 
 general impression the New Engianders, after a year 
 or two, were never probably a majority of the peo- 
 ple of Ohio. The settlers in the Symmes Purchase 
 came from the Middle States ; of the Virginia bounty 
 lands, from the South. Outside of the Reserve and 
 the Ohio Company, there are few distinctively New 
 England centers in the State; and almost from the be- 
 ginning, there were several elements of foreign birth. 
 Denny found a number of Germans among the garri- 
 son of Fort Harmar, some of whom doubtless married 
 and became the ancestors of some of you. The French 
 of Gallipolis contributed a vivacious element. The 
 Scotch Irish spread from Pennsylvania and Virginia 
 and North Carolina into Southern and Central Ohio, 
 and today, though by no means the most heterogen- 
 eous of the States, Ohio has over 460,000 foreigners 
 of whom about 50,000 are Englishmen, 60,000 Irish- 
 men and over 200,000 Germans. 
 
 A like change may be traced in New England, which 
 in 1787 had by far the purest strain of English blood 
 in the New World ; except for a few French Hugenots 
 and stray Scotchmen, Irishmen and Dutchmen, the 
 New Engianders were the direct descendants of the 
 
 62 
 
English emigration which came over between 1620 
 and 1640. But now, how different ! Out of six mil- 
 lion New Englanders more than a million and a half 
 were born outside of the United States and another 
 million and a half born of foreign parents. Of the 
 three million people in Massachusetts, nearly a million 
 were born abroad, 800,000 are of foreign parentage, 
 and about four hundred thousand more are natives 
 of other states leaving only about eight hundred 
 thousand Massachusetts people in Massachusetts. 
 This foreign immigration to NeAv England is of course 
 not in any way the result of the similar influx into the 
 West; but it brings upon New England exactly the 
 problems which the western people have to solve. 
 
 An important current of movement from west to 
 east, which has no returning eddy is that of students 
 of the higher learning. Universities, Colleges, Tech- 
 nical Schools, Professional Schools, musical and art 
 institutes, academies, are fed constantly by supplies 
 from the west. This applies not simply to the stu- 
 dents, but to the teachers. There is hardly a College 
 in the east which does not include within its Faculty 
 western men, not only of its own graduation, but from 
 western institutions ; one of the most efficient profes- 
 sors of Yale College is a graduate of Western Ke- 
 serve and formerly a professor in that institution; 
 Harvard University recently made a graduate of your 
 own College here Acting Dean of its Divinity School, 
 and within a few days in seeking for a Dean to organ- 
 ize and direct the new graduate students of Applied 
 Science chose a graduate of Ohio State University. 
 Partly from these students who find careers in the 
 east, partly from the return of the children of New 
 Englanders, partly from direct emigration, the alum- 
 ni of Western institutions began to accumulate in 
 numbers and in power in the New England cities; 
 
 63 
 
Marietta College, Oberlin College, Michigan Universi- 
 ty, Western Reserve University have vigorous clubs 
 in Boston. The numerous professional and business 
 men in that city, who count the west to be their great 
 Alma Mater, have called for the recent organization 
 of the Western Club, which is to maintain sound 
 principles in this center of intellectuality. 
 
 LANGUAGE 
 
 The reason why so many western people are found 
 in the east is twofold: first, they discovered oppor- 
 tunities ; and second, they were competent to improve 
 them. Eastern men go west precisely for the same 
 reason. It is significant that such an interchange 
 should be established in the face of some local preju- 
 dice and preference in both sections. The truth is 
 that the barrier is broken down; there is little dis- 
 tinction of appearance or manner between the eas- 
 terner and the man of the Middle West. I know of 
 a professor of geology who went out to investigate 
 a mine, and arrayed himself in local raiment of 
 Scotch hat, rough clothes, and trousers thrust into 
 his boots. He was met by the proprietor of the mine 
 who had prepared himself to meet the stranger in his 
 presumed native costume by putting on a black suit 
 and tall hat. Nor could they decide which was lady 
 and which was tiger. The supposed Shibboleth of 
 dialect was never determining and has now almost 
 ceased to exist. I know of an eastern lady who, on 
 meeting an lowan said to her "You don't seem to talk 
 like a westerner; you talk very much as we do; but 
 then I have only known one western person before I 
 met you." "Yes, and where did she come from?" 
 "She came from Baltimore." 
 
 Leaving aside such misapprehensions, there is no 
 western dialect, and indeed, no New England dialect. 
 
 64 
 
RuFus Putnam 
 
 Leader of the Founders of Marietta, Ohio 
 
 From ''Pilots of the Jicpublic" by Archer B. Hulbert, 
 by courtesy of A. C. McClurgr & Co. 
 
Though I have spent twenty-five years of my life in 
 New England, I have never heard the Yankee dialect 
 of Lowell's Bigelow Papers^ or anything approaching 
 it, except in the Western Reserve of Ohio, where my 
 Uncle Gad, my Aunt Eunice, and my third cousin 
 Lovicy "wanted to know" and "haouw you talked" to 
 the heart's content. Never shall I forget Mrs. Gen. 
 Pierce's comment upon the wealthy friend who did not 
 bring her sons up to do something useful. "I says to 
 Mrs. Kimball says I, ^Haouw you are a missin' on't'." 
 Still Mrs. Gen. Pierce was a New Hami)shire woman, 
 who had brought with her the treasures of her own 
 home language. I have married into a New Hamp- 
 shire family and thereby have become conversant 
 with similar expressions, which could hardly be found 
 in the mouth of a born westerner, such as: "Now 
 do be a man or a mouse, or a long tailed rat, with 
 your pockets full of gold and silver," or, "he don't 
 want it no more than a toad wants a tail, every bit 
 and grain," or, "Money enough and two dollars over" 
 — which is more than our millionaires appear to pos- 
 sess. I know when a person of uncertain temper 
 looks "wapish" and when the indecisive person "wee 
 waws" in his opinions. I have seen things "as nice as 
 a cotton hat," and condoled with woes "which would 
 make a bird shed tears." I am familiar with that un- 
 willingness to make a positive assertion which takes 
 refuge in the statement that a bankrupt "haint been 
 any more successful in business than he expected to." 
 To balance these expressions with western phrases 
 of equal significance would be difficult, except per- 
 haps the favorite Buckeye expression "Going to go." 
 But though Noah Webster's dictionary was made in 
 New Haven and Worcester's in Cambridge, New Eng- 
 land no longer has a monopoly of the American lan- 
 guage. If we seek the exact spot where the mother 
 
 65 
 
tongue is spoken in the average form, would it not 
 logically be found at the geographical center of pop- 
 ulation, which, as all the world knows, is near Colum- 
 bus, Indiana? Certainly there is an American pro- 
 nunciation of the English language which prevails 
 with little alteration from the Hudson River west- 
 ward to the Mississippi, and which from year to year 
 undermines the more precise and perhaps accurate 
 speech of the born New Englander. 
 
 New England place names appear in widening cir- 
 cles — Bostons and New Bostons ; Springfield,Massa- 
 chusetts; Springfield, Ohio; Springfield, Illinois; 
 Springfield, Missouri; Springfield, Kansas. In some 
 of these cases, as for instance Granville, Ohio, the 
 new settlement was made by the emigration of a whole 
 community, taking with it church, schools and town- 
 meeting. This influence of nomenclature is hardly 
 reciprocal, though future historians may perhaps in- 
 quire whether great statesmen like Washington, Jef- 
 ferson, Hamilton and Trumbull were born in the Ohio 
 counties which bear the same names; and whether 
 by any chance the parents of Marie Antoinette could 
 have given her that pleasant name because they had 
 been settlers in the French Colony near the agreeable 
 town of Marietta. 
 
 EDUCATION 
 
 Perhaps it might be fanciful to set up the West as 
 the creator of the present New England standard of 
 pronunciation, which shows the debilitating influence 
 of the Middle States, Southern and English locutions, 
 as well as of Western, but in the training of youth, 
 the shuttle has flown from the Atlantic to the Missis- 
 sippi, and back again. It was Humphreys in his poem 
 on the Future State of the Western Territory, who 
 predicted in 1787 (?) 
 
 66 
 
"Then oh, blest land! with genius unconfin'd, 
 With polish'd manners, and the illumin'd mind. 
 Thy future race on daring wing shall soar, 
 Each science trace, and all the arts explore." 
 
 And Humphreys had good reason to expect a high 
 state of culture in the West, for like the first Eng- 
 lishman who came to New England, the earliest set- 
 tlers of this newer England, included men of high 
 intellectual power and excellent training. Manasseh 
 Cutler, a graduate of Yale, was one of the most versa- 
 tile and accomplished men of his time — minister, 
 school-master, botanist, member of Congress and com- 
 monwealth founder. His son relates of him that in 
 his school he was equally successful in preparing for 
 College, teaching theology and instructing in the art 
 of navigation. Among the other settlers was "Major 
 Dean Tyler, a scholar and a gentleman, educated at 
 Harvard College." Putnam had been successful as a 
 farmer, military officer and surveyor. These were 
 men, educated, not only in the schools but in the prac- 
 tical side of life, men of foresight and daring, men of 
 resources and courage. 
 
 One of their first solicitudes was for the proper 
 bringing up of youth. A great deal of twaddle has 
 been written about the origin of free public schools 
 in America. Massachusetts, New York and Virginia 
 contend for the honor of first introducing them; but 
 not one of those communities previous to the Revolu- 
 tion ever established a system of what we call free 
 public schools, supported wholly by taxation and open 
 equally to boys and girls. Outside of New England 
 there was, when Marietta was planted, no such thing 
 in the United States as a system of state supported 
 schools of any kind, and in New England they were 
 poorly taught, worse housed and not supervised at all. 
 Nevertheless the Ordinance of 1785 affirmed the pub- 
 lic importance of education by reserving one thirty- 
 
 67 
 
sixth of the new land for the support of the schools, 
 and the Ordinance of 1787 inculcated the principle 
 that "schools and the means of education shall forever 
 be encouraged"; while in the contract of the Ohio 
 Company, Cutler secured a section in each township 
 for the support of the schools, another "for the sup- 
 port of religion," and two whole townships for a uni- 
 versity, as the gift of Congress to the new community. 
 The principle of duty to educate the youth was per- 
 manent; the educational land grant was fleeting, for 
 the experience of a century has shown that no Ameri- 
 can community can be depended upon to protect such 
 gifts, either by a system of leases, or by holding the 
 land for a high price. Within the present limits of 
 the city of Chicago were original school lands, which 
 if properly husbanded would support the whole sys- 
 tem of public schools magnificently, but of which only 
 a few thousand square feet remain in public owner- 
 ship. Even the indirect reflex of these grants, in the 
 creation out of the proceeds of the AVestern Reserve 
 of a permanent Connecticut school fund, in the 
 judgment of the authorities of that State has served 
 to educate the people of Connecticut chiefly into 
 spending as little as possible beyond their proportion 
 of the state fund. 
 
 The great significance of the schools in the Ohio 
 Company's purchase, as in the Reserve, is that the 
 people would have them, fund or no fund; and that 
 they early adopted the idea of giving to girls equal 
 educational opportunities, in the common schools. 
 The admission of little children to mixed schools, and 
 of large girls to separate sections of the common 
 schools was not unknown in New England ; and there 
 were a few^ co-educational academies i)rior to 1787. 
 It was the West, however, with its widely diffused 
 population, that taught the country the immense 
 
 68 
 
financial saving of large school expenditures. The 
 success of the western common schools, however crude 
 and imperfectly organized, stimulated the eastern 
 states, so that fifty years from the founding of Ohio, 
 every northern state had general public schools; and 
 in girls' academies, and female seminaries, and in a 
 few girls' high schools, opportunities for advanced 
 instruction began. It was the West which first recog- 
 nized the possibility of a College education for girls, 
 as the founders of Oberlin College put it in 1833, 
 ^The elevation of female character, by bringing within 
 the reach of the misjudged and neglected sex all the 
 instructoral privileges which have hitherto unreason- 
 ably distinguished the leading sex from theirs." Then 
 in 1841 Oberlin began the conferring of the degree of 
 A. B. on women. It was in Iowa that women were 
 first admitted to the free privileges of a state uni- 
 versity. 
 
 In this development, Ohio led the way. The foun- 
 dation of Muskingum Academy in 1797 (or 1798) 
 made possible the first step above the common schools ; 
 and the incorporation of a state university at Athens 
 in 1801, followed by Miami University and Marietta 
 College, emphasized the determination of the com- 
 munity to give its children the same kind of advan- 
 tages that they had in the east. 
 
 It is impossible to say how far these things have 
 reacted upon the older part of the country, but it is 
 significant that the Moseley commission of English 
 educational experts, a few years ago, pitched upon the 
 University of Wisconsin as the typical American uni- 
 versity. The idea of state universities has so far 
 worked backward in New England, that Maine and 
 Vermont have adopted it, though in the other four 
 states the ground is practically pre-empted by en- 
 dowed colleges of great prestige. But those endowed 
 
 69 
 
Colleges have been modified, both by the example of 
 western institutions and by the competition of their 
 great growing rivals. Co-education, which does not 
 accord w^ith New England traditions, has penetrated 
 into many of the public and private universities of 
 the East, and has only been stayed by the creation of 
 splendidly housed and excellently taught separate 
 Avomen's Colleges, while the two great universities 
 of Harvard and Columbia have neutralized the de- 
 mand for the education of the girls by setting up ad- 
 junct Colleges for women, a kind of lightning rods 
 to carry away the electricity. In this respect influ- 
 ence seems to be moving a second time westward, inas- 
 much as this so-called "co-ordinate system of educa- 
 tion'' has been adopted at Western Reserve Universi- 
 ty, and in part at the University of Chicago; while in 
 several of the state universities the students tacitly 
 approve it by declining to affiliate with the women 
 members of their classes in class organizations, or 
 social events. 
 
 POLITICAL METHODS 
 
 A larger, more direct and more easily traceable in- 
 fluence of the West upon the East has been in the 
 development of government and political methods. 
 In 1787 the machinery both of government and of 
 parties was comparatively simple: state officers w^ere 
 few^; appointive officers had secure tenures; elective 
 officers were often chosen for many successive terms, 
 and political parties were not yet constructed on a 
 national basis. Political chicanery, fraud and cor- 
 ruption were by no means unknown ; it was no politi- 
 cal Arcady. More than two centuries ago when a 
 ballot was being taken in the Boston town meeting, 
 it is recorded that "The inhabitants proceeded to 
 bring in their votes, and when the Selectmen were Re- 
 
 70 
 
ceiving 'em at the door of the Hall they observed one 
 of the inhabitants, viz., John Pigeon to put in about 
 a dozen with the word Yea wrote on all of 'em and 
 being charged Avith so doing he acknowledged it" In 
 1765 a Philadelphia politician wrote to a friend that 
 the way to win was to "let it be spread through the 
 country, that your party intend to come well armed 
 to the election, and that you intend, if there is the 
 h^ast partiality in either sheriff, inspectors, or man- 
 agers of the election, that you will thrash the sheriff, 
 every inspector, Quaker and Mennonist to a jelly;" 
 adding, "I see no danger in the scheme but that of a 
 riot." The western people had some early acquaint- 
 ance with these methods. Ephraim Cutler complains 
 that when a candidate for the colonelcy of his mili- 
 tia regiment in Ohio, the election was held in secret 
 and without due notice; that even then he got a ma- 
 jority of the votes, but was nevertheless deprived of 
 his office. 
 
 The great contribution of the West to American 
 government has been the extension of the suffrage. 
 For years nobody out here was rich except in the 
 ownership of undeveloped lands, and the usual prop- 
 erty qualifications were easy to acquire, so that the 
 universal suffrage of white men speedily came about. 
 The desire to stimulate immigration led to the offer 
 of suffrage to naturalized citizens and even to declar- 
 ants. This flame of popular government swept back- 
 ward across the mountains, and within about forty 
 years from the planting of Ohio had practically over- 
 run every New England State. ^ This was the youth 
 of the World ; this was the glorious time when men be- 
 lieved in the educating power of the ballot; when 
 "government by the consent of the governed" came 
 as near realization as is humanly possible, when the 
 immigrants on the whole justified the belief that re- 
 
 71 
 
sponsibility brings reason and caution; when special 
 privileges of property holders or tax payers disap- 
 peared. The western communities with something 
 like equality of conditions, could furnish equality of 
 opportunities ; and exhibited to the world an example 
 of real democracy. The East A\dth its accumulated 
 wealth, its traditions of social distinctions, and its 
 variety of occupations seemed less fitted for such a 
 process; nevertheless the right to vote was success- 
 fully extended to the day laborers and mill hands of 
 New England. The influence of universal suffrage 
 has in our day been much diminished, first, by the 
 widespread disposition to exclude a race of ten mil- 
 lions altogether, and second, from the neutralizing in- 
 fluence of masses of voters, casting their ballots as 
 directed by employers, or by political machines; but 
 there is as little likelihood of any serious diminution 
 of this privilege in New England as in any part of the 
 country. 
 
 Another influence of the West upon the East has 
 been in the development of the idea of rotation in 
 office. In Ncav England, from Colonial times, it was 
 expected that any efficient public servant, governor, 
 ex-judge or assemblyman would be returned for a 
 succession of years; thus Jonathan Trumbull was 
 seventeen times elected Governor of Connecticut. 
 Partly because of the unpopularity of Governor St. 
 Clair during his fourteen years of service in the 
 Northwest Territory, and partly because of the feel- 
 ing that any man was good enough to clothe a public 
 office, such long public service never obtained in the 
 west, and from the replacing of elective officers at 
 the end of brief terms, the idea of rotation extended 
 to appointive officers, even to small positions. The 
 sweeping out of political opponents, whenever a new 
 party got control of the state government, began in 
 
 72 
 
Rev. Manasseh Cuti^er 
 Agent to Congress of the Ohio Company 
 
 From "-Pilots of the Republic" by Archer B. Hulbert, 
 by courtesy of A. C. McClurgf & Co. 
 
Pennsylvania and in New York; but the idea that a 
 public office is a gift and not an opportunity, and a 
 good thing which ought to be passed from hand to 
 hand, instead of an instrumentality for rendering a 
 public service, grew very slowly in New England and 
 was powerfully reinforced by the influence of the 
 West. 
 
 In one of the arts of government the founders of 
 the Ohio Company furnished a brilliant example: 
 Never was there a more ingenious, systematic and suc- 
 cessful piece of lobbying that that of Eev. Manasseh 
 Cutler before the Congress of the Confederation. He 
 came down to New York in July, 1787, armed with 
 forty-three letters of introduction to members of Con- 
 gress and other influential people; he dined with the 
 President of the Board of Treasury; he paid his re- 
 spects to the President of Congress ; he called on mem- 
 bers of Congress; he made a list of the members op- 
 posed to his project, in order to "bring the opponents 
 over." "In order to get at some of them, so as to 
 work powerfully on their minds," says he, "in some 
 instances we engaged one person, who engaged a sec- 
 ond, and he a third, and so on to a fourth before we 
 could effect our purpose," an early instance of the 
 mystic power of "influence." He flnally reduced 
 the opponents to three, about whom he said, "Of Few 
 and Bingham, there is hope, but to bring over that 
 stubborn mule of a Kearney I think is beyond our 
 power." He placated St. Clair by advocating his ap- 
 pointment to the governorship of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory; and he finally accomplished his purpose by 
 making a combination with the promoters of the Sci- 
 oto Company, whose only object was to get an "op- 
 tion" which they might sell out without putting any 
 money into the enterprise, and who organized a sys- 
 tem of American and French companies and holding 
 
 73 
 
companies, which might be studied by some of our 
 modern corporations with great profit to themselves 
 and corresponding damage to the public interest. But 
 all this machinery was set in motion, simply to ac- 
 complish a purpose of great benefit to the United 
 States, and the land operations of the Ohio Company, 
 though less successful financially than was hoped, 
 showed an openness and straightforwardness in strik- 
 ing contrast to the shady manipulation of the Scioto 
 Company, which resulted in fraud, bankruptcy and 
 misery to all concerned. Cutler's lobbying was arch- 
 angelic compared with the temporary scheme of the 
 Cuyahoga Purchase to which he alludes in his diary. 
 Certain Canadians and others in 1796 got a fraudu- 
 lent Indian Treaty, under which they claimed about 
 five million acres south of Lake Erie; and they did 
 their best to secure a confirmation from Congress; 
 eventually the promoters were glad to accept six hun- 
 dred dollars in settlement of their preposterous 
 claims, which approach recent land transactions in 
 Oregon for their barefaced impudence. 
 
 THE PROBLEM OF COLONIZATION 
 
 In still another way the West has been the instruc- 
 tor of the East. In the literature of the time, we 
 find two significant phrases : Manasseh Cutler speaks 
 of the settlement as a "colony" and Kufus Putnam 
 calls the United States "an empire.'' Both words 
 denote the conception that the United States consis- 
 ted of two separate sections, the states and the terri- 
 tories or dependencies. Theodore Roosevelt thinks 
 the foundation of Marietta an easy task compared with 
 that of their neighbors in Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 "The dangers they ran and the hardships they suf- 
 fered," says he, in his Winning of the West^ "in no 
 wise approached those undergone and overcome by the 
 
 74 
 
ironwilled, iron-limbed hunters who first built their 
 lonely cabins on the Cumberland and Kentucky." It 
 is true there was a springtime of intoxication of ad- 
 venture and danger in the southern settlements ; that 
 the Kentuckian might shout with the dweller of the 
 Heaven-kissing Himalayas : 
 
 •*0 Joy ! In the olden time the Head-Father-Spirit made the earth, 
 (He) the Sky-Existing-One made this earth, 
 
 He clothed the stony bosom of this tearful earth with fertile fields 
 When the men were made and the jointed bamboos and the trees. 
 At the same time were we, the sons of the ( one ) -mother-flesh jolly 
 
 fellows. 
 O Joy! The mulberry trees were made with the rice and other food 
 
 plants, 
 The running rivers were made with their fleeting fishes. 
 The fleeting sky-birds were made with the worms and insects. 
 And the rainbow was made by our first great grandfather, 
 (But) our troubles were made by our first great grandmother." 
 
 In this joy of the undiscovered the Ohio Associates 
 perhaps did not share ; but they knew many of the dan- 
 gers of the frontier. For them the volleys of Indian 
 musketry blazed out along the wooded bluffs of the 
 Ohio; into their skulls sank the tomahawk; to their 
 houses were applied the torch. The Kentuckian was 
 but exchanging one log house for another, leaving the 
 buck for the buffalo ; the New Englander was turning 
 his back on comfort and prosperity. The Kentuckian 
 expected to remain a backwoodsman; the Ohioan, 
 from the first conception of Putnam in 1783, had no 
 intention of anything but ultimate statehood and 
 membership in the Federal Union. The Northwest 
 Territory Avas the school of future states; its consti- 
 tution, the Great Ordinance of 1787, is a document 
 which stands alongside Magna Charta and the Dec- 
 laration of Independence as a bold assertion of the 
 rights of the individual. 
 
 Especially was this difference of moral purpose 
 visible in the slavery clause of the Ordinance. The 
 
 75 
 
Kentuckian and the Tennesseean carried along his 
 slave, if he had any, and drifted into a status of per- 
 manent slave-holding; the Ohio Company insisted on 
 the first national condemnation of slavery, and in 
 spite of the strong influence of southern settlers, every 
 state formed out of the Northwest Territory, persisted 
 in freedom. These two lessons were read by older 
 states. The influence of Ohio, and Indiana, and Illi- 
 nois helped to hold Connecticut, New York, Pennsyl- 
 vania and New Jersey to their schemes of gradual 
 emancipation. From the Ohio Purchase and from 
 Western Keserve sprang two streams of anti-slavery 
 sentiment, which united in a western abolition move- 
 ment, as vigorous and more effective than the 
 New England movement. Thus the New England 
 people, in sowing the seed of liberty and equal justice 
 were preparing a crop, not only for their western chil- 
 dren, but for their kindred remaining on the Atlantic 
 coast. 
 
 After all, is not the great reason for the influence 
 of the West on New England, the earlier influence of 
 New England on the West, which still goes on un- 
 checked and unmeasured? If the West sends east- 
 ward ideals, ideas, men and wealth. New England 
 sends westward wealth, men, ideas and ideals. In 
 the world of the mind, in the realm of action, there is 
 no longer an East or a West; we all listen to Walt 
 Whitman : 
 
 "I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, 
 Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be, blithe and 
 
 strong, 
 The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam. 
 The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off 
 
 work. 
 The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, 
 
 or of the girl sewing or washing, 
 Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else. 
 The day what belongs to the day — at night the part of young 
 
 fellows, robust, friendly. 
 Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs." 
 
 76 
 
It is in this sense that Birnam Wood has at 
 last come to Dunsinane, that the New-Anglicized 
 West has become the tutor of his school-master, that 
 the child and the grandsire are twin brothers. Of 
 New England it might be said, as Bacon said of Rome, 
 "It was not Rome that came upon the world, but the 
 world that came upon the Romans; and that is the 
 sure way of greatness.'^ 
 
 77 
 
THE BANQUET 
 
 Toastmaster, Hon. Chas. G. Dawes, of Chicago. 
 
 The Northwest Territory.... Vice President Fairbanks 
 
 "Oh strange Neiw World that yet wast never young, 
 Nursed by stern men with empires in their brains." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 The Ohio Company of Associates Homer Lee, Esq. 
 
 "Here, where but late a dreary forest spread, 
 Putnam a little band of settlers led. 
 And now behold, with patriot joy elate, 
 The infant settlement become a state." 
 
 — Harris' Journal, 1803. 
 
 The Ohio Valley Col. Douglas Putnam 
 
 "See towns and cities rising on the plain, 
 While fair Ohio bears, with conscious pride. 
 New laden vessels to the ocean's tide." 
 
 — Harris' Journal, 1803. 
 
 The Home of the Pioneers — Marietta 
 
 A. D. Follett, Esq. 
 
 "And see the spires of Marietta rise. 
 And domes and temples swell into the skies ; 
 Here justice reigns and foul dissensions cease. 
 Her walks be pleasure and her paths be peace." 
 
 — Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., 1789. 
 
 Losantiville — The Sister Settlement 
 
 Hon. Nicholas Longworth 
 
 "This song of the vine. 
 This greeting of mine, 
 The winds and the birds shall deliver 
 To the Queen of the West 
 In her garlands dressed 
 On the banks of the Beautiful River." 
 — Longfellow, dedicated to Mr. Joseph Longworth. 
 
 78 
 
Rufus Putnam — Father of Ohio Hon. Ralph Cole 
 
 "Thou skilled by Freedom and by great events 
 To pitch new States as Old World men pitch tents." 
 
 — Lotoell. 
 
 The Great Ordinance of 1787..-.Senator Charles Dick* 
 
 "The greatest blow struck for freedom and against 
 slavery in all our history, save only Lincoln's Emanci- 
 pation Proclamation." 
 
 — President Roosevelt. 
 
 The Twin Cities on the Ohio.. ..Hon. Chas. W. Archbold 
 
 "Let us not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments." 
 
 — Shakespeare. 
 
 Marietta College — Custodian of History 
 
 Thomas H. Kelley, Esq.* 
 
 "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to 
 the good government and the happiness of mankind, 
 schools and the means of education shall forever be 
 encouraged." 
 
 —Ordinance of 1787. 
 •Unable to attend. 
 
 Hon. Wade Ellis, Attorney General of Ohio, and 
 Hon. John McSweeney were called upon by the toast- 
 master after the set toasts were concluded. 
 
 79 
 
TOASTS 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 
 
 Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: I thank you 
 most heartily for your kindly greeting. This is the 
 first opportunity I have had to visit the city of Mar- 
 ietta. I have had the pleasure of visiting many sec- 
 tions of our common country but I have never known 
 until today how much I have really lost because of 
 my failure to become acquainted with Marietta and 
 its splendid citizenship. I simply promise now, Mr. 
 Toastmaster, to make amends in the future by coming 
 here upon the slightest provocation. I am led to be- 
 lieve since enjoying your hospitality today that no 
 son of the great Northwest Territory should lay him- 
 self down to his everlasting sleep without coming 
 here to the cradle of liberty in the great Northwest. 
 Our ancestors who came here were splendid people 
 — men and women of a high order of intellect, pa- 
 triots in the highest and best sense. We are proud of 
 them. We cherish their virtues and their services 
 with true filial fidelity. It occurred to me as I sat 
 here tonight and looked over this splendid gathering 
 of those who are proud to acknowledge themselves as 
 members of the great Northwest Territory, that if 
 our ancestors were to come here and look upon what 
 
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 prHI if .'' 
 
 iM 
 
I have seen and what you have seen, they would be 
 as proud of their posterity as we are of them. I find 
 in all of the evolution that has occurred in the North- 
 west that the same high ideals, the same splendid 
 qualities that characterized our ancestors are found 
 in full degree in their posterity. In short, we are 
 building and growing in every department of human 
 effort. We are not retrograding. We are going 
 forward. We have taken up the work laid down by 
 their hands and we have gone forward expanding in 
 all of the ways of true greatness and true power. It 
 is well it is so. 
 
 The Board of Trade whose hospitality we enjoy to- 
 night has placed us all under great obligation. I never 
 speak at a banquet such as this without felicitating 
 myself that there are men in the different communi- 
 ties, in the different cities of the country, devoted 
 to trade and commerce, yes, and devoted to promot- 
 ing civic righteousness within their communities, de- 
 voted to building up a splendid citizenship. Mar- 
 ietta is to be congratulated upon the forceful men 
 of business within her limits. I congratulate her 
 not only upon them but upon some of the splendid 
 sons she has sent out into the world to carve out 
 fame and fortune. It has been my pleasure to know 
 some of them and you may well be proud of many 
 who have gone from this nursery of business men and 
 statesmen. It is a gratifying thing to me to be able 
 
 to sit beside one of Marietta's sons who has gone 
 into the farther Northwest and has become one of its 
 leaders. 
 
 This city possesses a peculiar interest to me. Many 
 years ago my ancestors came from New England into 
 the farther Northwest by way of Marietta. They 
 went in a day of simple things when it took patience 
 
 81 
 
and courage to go into the wilderness and carve out 
 home and habitation. 
 
 The Northwest territory had at one time a dis- 
 tinctive place upon the map of the United States. It 
 was a separate political entity. We have talked of it 
 as such. We think of it as separate and distinct 
 from our entire country, yet under the evolution of 
 American institutions the great Northwest is but a 
 memory — though a splendid memory in it. It has 
 faded away and has merged into the great Kepublic 
 of the United States. We are proud of the fact that 
 we are members of the Northwest Territory, but 
 prouder than that that we are members of the great 
 Republic of the United States. 
 
 The Northwest Territory has done much to build 
 up and make our country great and splendid. It 
 is the heart of our Republic. The center of popula- 
 tion of the United States is in the middle of it. Our 
 country stands but at the morning of its career, great 
 now but in God's providence destined to a greatness 
 not yet fully appreciated. How would we develop it 
 to the utmost? We must all make our contribution 
 to its growth and its progress. We are not satisfied 
 with what we have, great and splendid as it is. We 
 will make it greater and more splendid by carrying 
 into the future the same exalted purpose, the same 
 noble aspiration, which inspired Gen. Rufus Putnam 
 and the men who came here to establish their habita- 
 tions and their homes in the long ago. 
 
 I had the pleasure a few years ago of visiting the 
 home of Gen. Rufus Putnam in Massachusetts. It 
 was the home of an American farmer. It was the 
 home of an American patriot. It was the home of 
 one of George Washington's trusted leaders in the 
 Revolutionary War. I felt a peculiar sensation. It 
 
 82 
 
seemed as if I stood upon sacred ground. For the 
 General who had gone into the service from New 
 England, had come into the west to carry out the 
 principles of Republican government and establish 
 here an advanced civilization. I visited the historic 
 spot in company with a great patriot, a statesman 
 of profound ability, a man of splendid sympathies, 
 a man of genius, who eighteen years ago delivered 
 here, one of the best orations ever uttered upon an 
 historic occasion — the Hon. George Frisbie Hoar. 
 
 My friends, I wish to thank you and thank you 
 from the bottom of a grateful heart for the hospitality 
 I have enjoyed in Marietta. I simply want to say be- 
 fore closing that I am a candidate for an invitation 
 to the next centennial celebration in Marietta. I 
 do not know when the event will occur but judging 
 from all I have heard which has transpired in the 
 life of the toastmaster, when I have been told of the 
 events of which he was a part and of the things 
 he has achieved, it occurred to me that the next would 
 be the centennial celebration of the birth of Charles 
 G. Dawes. Whether it be that or some other, 
 I shall felicitate myself upon an opportunity 
 again to meet with you around the festal 
 board, talk over the splendid story of the past, 
 rejoice in the advancement of the great North- 
 west Territory of which we are proud, yes, 
 rejoice in the advancement of our common country. 
 I enjoy occasions like this because they stir in us 
 again the fires of patriotism. They take us out of 
 ourselves, out of the contemplation of mere matters 
 of trade, mere matters of commerce, away from sta- 
 tistics of expansion and grow^th in material things, 
 into the contemplation of those nobler and more splen- 
 did aspirations of the human heart and of the human 
 
 83 
 
soul. We meet here to kindle anew our love for our 
 country, our veneration for the banner of the Kepublie 
 that has come to be the mightiest upon the face of 
 this earth of ours. 
 
 THE OHIO COMPANY OF ASSOCIATES 
 
 Homer Lee, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, Gentlemen: It is a pretty hard 
 proposition to follow our eloquent Vice President, 
 who has covered the ground so well. 
 
 The Ohio Company of Associates of New York has 
 endeavored to take up the threads where they were 
 laid down by the Pioneers and to perpetuate their 
 memory by the erection of memorial tablets upon 
 sites where they may be cared for and preserved. 
 The first tablet was put up in New York, the birth- 
 place of the great ordinance of 1787, and the other 
 ordinance authorizing the sale of lands to the Ohio 
 Company. The second plate, commemorating the first 
 settlement in Ohio, has now been installed in Mar- 
 ietta, and we expect to place the third tablet upon 
 the site of the old Bunch of Grapes tavern in the 
 city of Boston where the Ohio Company was organ- 
 ized in 1786; and others in the capitals of the States 
 which composed the old Northwest Territory, in order 
 that the names and deeds of General Eufus Putnam 
 and his comrades will be assured of everlasting re- 
 membrance. 
 
 Upon behalf of the Ohio Company, I thank you. 
 
 gentlemen. 
 
 84 
 
THE OHIO VALLEY 
 
 Col. Douglas Putnam 
 
 It is said that the State of Ohio contains the ele- 
 ments of industry to a greater degree than any other 
 state in the Union. Be this as it may, I do not think 
 the resources of the Ohio Valley have been appre- 
 ciated fully. As time passes I am satisfied that their 
 magnitude is becoming better understood. At the 
 beginning of the last century the tide of emigration 
 poured over the Alleghenies, stopped at the head- 
 waters of the Ohio. In 1790 the centre of population 
 of the United States was near Baltimore. Forty 
 years after that (1830) it had crossed the Alleghenies 
 and was at that time in what was then the state of 
 Virginia; for decade after decade it has gone west- 
 ward toward the Ohio Valley; it remained three 
 decades in West Virginia, two in Ohio, one in Ken- 
 tucky, and two in Indiana, where it now rests. While 
 the centre of population may not have any peculiar 
 significance so far as its point of locality is concerned, 
 yet when for seven consecutive decades it has gone in 
 one direction it does have some significance. 
 
 But this is not all. In 1850 the government com- 
 menced a tabulation of reports as to the centre of 
 manufacturing. Naturally, then, it was in Pennsyl- 
 vania. But it remained in Pennsylvania only ten 
 years and then went one hundred miles toward the 
 Ohio Valley, resting in Western Pennsylvania where 
 it remained until 1890; now in the State of Ohio. 
 Thus you have both the centre of population and the 
 centre of manufacturing in the Ohio Valley. Re- 
 member, too, that four -fifths of the known deposits of 
 coal are in this Ohio Valley; the great deposits of 
 Pennsylvania and Ohio and West Virginia and In- 
 
 85 
 
diana come first and after them are those in the valley 
 of the Big Sandy — deposits that have never heard 
 the pick in a miner's hand — deposits that have no 
 chaotic theory, but which have been ascertained to a 
 point of certainty that has led to the investment of 
 large sums of money; a shipment of coal can be ob- 
 tained from this source alone that will supply the 
 United States for three hundred years to come. 
 
 Time will not allow me to speak of the other re- 
 sources of this beautiful valley, of its rivers and fields, 
 hills and valleys, cities and villages, and of its climate. 
 We who have lived here know that these resources are 
 so versatile that one who Avill stay Avith us thirty days 
 is indeed hard to suit it he cannot in that time find the 
 kind he wants. 
 
 What a glorious heritage is this! Possessing two 
 hundred and ten thousand square miles — a greater 
 area than France or the German Empire. The Ohio 
 has forty-four hundred miles of navigation. Search 
 the globe and you cannot find its equal ; precarious as 
 is its navigation at present (subject to low water and 
 ice), yet sixteen million tons pass over it yearly. 
 What its commerce would be when raised to a nine- 
 foot stage, no one can estimate. When this is accom- 
 plished, and the New York and Erie and Ohio River 
 canals are completed, think of the possibilities of four- 
 teen feet of water from New York to the Ohio River 
 at its mouth. It takes no argument to show us that 
 the Ohio River must be put in shape to receive this 
 vast addition to its commerce. 
 
 You no doubt know that it is for the purpose of 
 commemorating the past history of the Ohio Valley 
 and in assisting in making the history to come that 
 the Ohio Valley Historical Society has been called into 
 existence. You no doubt know of the convention of 
 the Ohio River Improvement Association that was 
 
 86 
 
held at Portsmouth the first of this week. The object 
 of that Society has been to increase the interest and 
 build up the spirit along the river and a knowledge 
 of it; the great aim at present is to induce Congress 
 to give to this object a yearly appropriation on the 
 same basis as that made to the Navy — not a regular 
 one annually — so as to do the work systematically. 
 And I think this project has no more careful, con- 
 scientious or better qualified representative in Con- 
 gress than the Hon. Theodore C. Burton, chairman of 
 the Rivers and Harbors Committee. He met with our 
 committee not long ago and said: "Go home and 
 educate your people. Tell them what you have got. 
 Congress is ready to give you what you want and what 
 you need, but the people Avill not ^stand' for the appro- 
 priation necessary." 
 
 We believe that the people of the Ohio Valley will 
 not only "stand" for this appropriation but that they 
 will demand it as their right. The work of the Ohio 
 Valley Commission is known in this state. Through 
 the efforts of Mr. Burton a commission of United 
 States Engineers was appointed a year ago ; they have 
 made a survey of the river from its source to its mouth 
 and have tabulated the amount of business, the ton- 
 nage passing over the river. This is not a mere esti- 
 mate, and it is not the work of an enthusiast, but 
 represents actual facts. This tabulation is about 
 complete and I am told today that its result will 
 verify the claim of the most enthusiastic friend of the 
 Ohio River Improvement. 
 
 What a spectacle this promise affords. And when 
 that other great work, the Panama canal, is completed, 
 and there is nine feet of water every day in the year 
 from Pittsburg to Cairo, what may we not anticipate? 
 At the last annual meeting of the Ohio Valley Im- 
 
 87 
 
provement Association at Cairo a year ago, some one 
 said that when the Ohio river has a nine-foot stage 
 from Pittsburg to Cairo and when the Panama Canal 
 is completed, there should be at Cairo, at the mouth 
 of the river, a great statue with three faces. One 
 g faould point up the Mississippi ; there are your grain- 
 aries with a capacity of eighty thousand barrels of 
 flour a day, enough to feed twenty millions of people; 
 the other up the Ohio to your workshops from Pitts- 
 burg to Cairo, seven hundred miles long, the greatest 
 in the world ; the other down the Mississippi — there 
 are your markets, the world for a market, on God^s 
 highway, unbroken from river to sea. 
 
 THE HOME OF THE PIONEEKS — MARIETTA 
 
 A. D. Follett, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, Gentlemen: I am not one of 
 those to whom the Vice President has referred, who 
 had the good fortune to leave Marietta as my old 
 friend Charlie Dawes has, and in a distant state ac- 
 quire fame and fortune. I have not yet had the op- 
 portunity, because I have not yet left the state to 
 become a leader in frenzied finance or any other form 
 of finance. But I promise you if ever Charlie Dawes 
 comes back here to celebrate his centennial, I will 
 come from some distant state with some fortune, 
 and I hope a little fame, and on that occasion I will 
 be glad to receive some little of the glory and eulogy 
 that he has received here tonight at the hands of the 
 chief of the Northwest Territory. 
 
 My toast is one that deals not in bouquets for the 
 buds, not even in boutonnieres for the matrons, but 
 to some extent in flowers for the dead. Every com- 
 
 88 
 
THE CAMPUS MARTIUS 
 
munity, like every plant, like every animal, is a 
 growth; every community has its germinal origin as 
 well as its environment; its seed as well as its soil; 
 and our dear old Marietta is most fortunate in both 
 of the great forces which make first for the creation 
 and then for the development and propagation of com- 
 munity life. Nature has given us our beautiful com- 
 merce bearing rivers. Nature has given us our fertile 
 soil in the valleys. Nature has placed the hidden min- 
 eral wealth under the soil. It is true that Nature, 
 with her accustomed fickleness, is sometimes dis- 
 posed to treat us rather diffidently and coyly in the 
 matter of rivers. It is true that on some occasions 
 a good sized steam boat will kick up considerable 
 dust in the Ohio River; and it is true that on other 
 occasions she gives us an amount of water slightly 
 in excess of our needs. But as to the first, we are 
 now endeavoring, as Col. Putnam has told you, to 
 harness the river within movable dams, and so far 
 as the surplusage is concerned, we cheerfully pass 
 it on to our friends from Parkersburg. 
 
 I might add in the matter of movable dams, that 
 the particular pride and pet dam of our beautiful 
 city of Marietta, dam No. 18, is the most extraor- 
 dinary movable dam in the Ohio River; for we all 
 remember about three or four years ago, how between 
 one night and another — or rather between one day 
 and another — when the good people of Marietta, like 
 all good citizens, were quietly at rest and at peace 
 in their homes and in their beds, our friends from 
 Parkersburg, without warning to us, moved our dam 
 No. 18 about four miles down the river, and we never 
 yet have been able to move it back; and of all the 
 movable dams in history, dam No. 18 will certainly 
 ever bear the palm. 
 
 89 
 
Not only have we this natural heritage in Marietta, 
 but in what I have called the seed of Marietta, we 
 have the most noble seed from which a community 
 could ever spring. 
 
 Born of the necessities of needy and impoverished 
 officers and soldiers, we have in our forebears a per- 
 sonnel which the great Washington declared to be the 
 best body of men that ever undertook the settlement 
 of a new country 
 
 Born of the wisdom and experience of the leaders 
 of those men, we have that splendid body of men com- 
 ing out into Ohio and settling at Marietta under 
 the statute which is the Magna Charta of the North- 
 west — the charter of freedom and education, the 
 great statute whose wisdom has challenged the admir- 
 ation and commanded the regard of every publicist 
 and historian. Under these circumstances, with this 
 magnificent body of men, operating under a statute 
 w^hich guarantees the right of conscience, guarantees 
 education, guarantees freedom in all respects. Mari- 
 etta was originally settled. And my theme here to- 
 night is Marietta, the Home of the Pioneers. The 
 home of the Pioneers, I take it my friends, not in 
 the mere sense that Marietta is the place where the 
 Pioneers lived, not merely in the sense that Marietta 
 was the spot in which their lives spent themselves, 
 and where their bodies are buried, but the home of 
 the Pioneers in a higher sense, in a truer sense, in what 
 I believe is the actual situation. Marietta today, the 
 home where the Pioneers are today living through 
 their descendants and their successors, who have not 
 only revered their memory but are striving to carry 
 out their principles. 
 
 Marietta is particularly a city of homes. If there 
 is one thing of which Mariettans are proud above 
 
 90 
 
all others, it is that Marietta is preeminently the 
 place of homes, homes not of luxury, but homes in 
 everything that goes to make up all that is sacred in 
 life, the home that is the heart and soul of the indi- 
 vidual. As the strangers in our midst go about our 
 streets they will find our broad, well-laid out streets 
 and broad squares, they will find the parks and 
 public squares which the foresight of our ancestors 
 provided for us; and much of the beauty of our town 
 today is in these arcaded streets. As you go about 
 the city you will find but few residences of luxury; 
 but go through our city where the workingmen live, 
 the day laborer, and you Avill find no squalid homes, 
 you will find however humble they may be, well-kept 
 yards, neat and clean; you will find our workingmen 
 owning lawn mowers that trim the grass; you will 
 find them sprinkling the lawns in the heat of the 
 summer, and you will find that Marietta is everywhere 
 and under all circumstances a city of homes and home 
 makers. 
 
 This to some extent at least is due to our Pioneer 
 ancestors. To our Pioneer ancestors in some degree 
 at least, if not in large degree, I think we owe that 
 Marietta pluck which makes a Marietta man face all 
 comers and willing to meet all men, man to man; at 
 least it has demonstrated itself so nobly today, when 
 Marietta College with one hundred and fifty boys to 
 draw from, met and defeated an institution which 
 numbers its men by hundreds. That same pluck that 
 characterized our Pioneer ancestors is in Marietta 
 boys and in Marietta College students of today and 
 is perhaps one of the most valuable inheritances which 
 Marietta has from her Pioneer forebears. 
 
 But the great and crowning heritage which our 
 Pioneer ancestors left to us is the one supreme quality 
 
 91 
 
of their characters and their lives. If one thing above 
 another characterized those Pioneers in those early 
 days, it was this: that they feared God, and did not 
 fear man. They came of that old stock which fled 
 from England to Holland, then came from Holland to 
 this country, in order that they might find a place 
 where they could fear God and not fear man. 
 
 In their lives and in the teachings of those men 
 can be found above all others, if you search their 
 records, humility before God, and courage and tenac- 
 ity toward all else. 
 
 This was the supreme legacy that they have given 
 to Marietta today. A heritage which we have, of 
 course, in common with our fellow citizens of the 
 Northwest Territory. 
 
 Time will not permit me with the presence of so 
 many distinguished strangers whom you would so 
 much rather hear than one whose voice doubtless you 
 have heard too often, to go into details trying to relate 
 to you what you already know of the great debt we 
 owe our Eevolutionary and Pioneer ancestry; and I 
 will close what I have to say, by proposing one toast 
 under the subject assigned me to respond to, and that 
 is this: 
 
 Marietta, the Home of the Pioneers, and the Pioneer 
 of millions of happy homes in many states : may she 
 ever revere and follow the courage, the enterprise, the 
 industry, the pluck, the faith in God and faith in 
 one's self, which characterized her Pioneer ancestors. 
 
 LOSANTIVILLE — THE SISTER SETTLEMENT 
 
 Hon. Nicholas Longworth 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen: The highest compli- 
 ment that I have ever heard paid to Cincinnati, is 
 that we have been able to buncoe Dawes. 
 
 92 
 
You citizens of Marietta have much to congt»atu- 
 late yourselves upon today. I have never in my life 
 seen a more impressive sight than was the dedication 
 of that tablet today. I never heard better or more 
 eloquent speeches on such an occasion than were de- 
 livered there today. You are especially to be congrat- 
 ulated upon the fact of having heard twice today 
 from the Vice President of the United States; and 
 more than all you are to be congratulated upon the 
 fact that the Vice President took this particular oc- 
 casion for the first time that I know of so far, to 
 make oflScial announcement of his candidacy. 
 
 He did say in a faint whisper at the end of his 
 sentence, that it was another invitation to come to 
 Marietta, but I think that was a bluff. 
 
 Gentlemen, I am here tonight under slightly false 
 pretenses as being down for a regular toast. I did 
 not know what my toast was to be until this after- 
 noon. My colleague, Mr. Cole, did not know either; 
 but he did not labor under the difficulty that I usu- 
 ally have, in that I like to have something to talk 
 about and know about it before. When Mr. Cole 
 was told by Congressman Dawes this afternoon, that 
 he was down for the toast of General Putnam, Mr. 
 Dawes in a friendly way began to tell him something 
 about who Putnam was, and Cole said, "Oh you 
 needn't do that. The less I know about him the better 
 speech I can make." 
 
 Mr. Cole, you will shortly find, is what we know 
 as a "born orator." We were colleagues in the Ohio 
 State Legislature and I remember very well the first 
 time that Cole got upon his feet to make a speech. I 
 don't remember what the subject was but that has 
 nothing to do with it, because Cole made a wonder- 
 fully eloquent speech. He brought in the history of 
 the world, art, literature and music. He spoke about 
 
 93 
 
the silver lining of the clouds. I was sitting next 
 to a member of the Legislature who had heard Cole 
 speak before. He said: "That is magnificent." 
 "Yes/' I said, "but, what is he talking about?'' He 
 said that Cole was one of the born orators. I said, 
 "What do you mean by that?" He said, "An ordin- 
 ary plain man like you and myself for instance, would 
 say two and two make four; but a born orator would 
 not say that. He would say, ^My friends and fellow 
 citizens : When in the course of human events it be- 
 comes necessary to coalesce two integers with two 
 more integers, the result, my friends — and I say it 
 without fear or favor — is four.' " 
 
 I may have digressed from my Toast out of en- 
 thusiasm for the oratory of my friend Cole. 
 
 Losantiville : the name Losantiville illustrated even 
 in those early days the great education of the people 
 of Cincinnati. It is derived from three different lan- 
 guages. The first syllable is Greek, the second Latin, 
 and the third French. It simply illustrates the won- 
 derful versatility that we have got there. 
 
 The poem that is attached to my toast might give 
 you a wrong impression of Cincinnati as it is today. 
 Longfellow in his poem, which was dedicated to Ca- 
 tawba wine which was a production of Cincinnati 
 in those days, spoke of the "Queen of the West 
 in her garlands dressed on the banks of the Beau- 
 tiful Eiver." Air those are gone now, and instead 
 of making wine we produce beer. 
 
 The real reason for this production of beer is that 
 my great grandfather who invented Catawba wine, 
 sent over to the Rhine country in order to get men 
 who understood grape culture to come to Cincinnati. 
 That was really the beginning of the great German 
 immigration to Cincinnati. 
 
 94 
 
I might pause to say that one of the reasons 
 of Cincinnati's great financial strength and security 
 is the German immigrant that has come there. But 
 we have not been able to keep up the culture of the 
 grape, and that German element that came there 
 took up the next best thing. 
 
 There is one thing in which we sisters of Marietta 
 and Losantiville are interested in as Colonel Putnam 
 has well said just now. We are interested in making 
 the Ohio a navigable stream at all stages. We don't 
 want to have our steamboats kick up a dust ; we want 
 a nine foot stage and I am one of those members of 
 Congress, and your Congressman Dawes here is 
 another, that are never going to let up so long as we 
 are in Congress, until we get it. 
 
 I believe it would be only fair in what is known 
 as congressional etiquette, having told something 
 about my colleague to relate one on myself, when I 
 once had to make a speech on a subject on which 
 I was about as unprepared as I am tonight. 
 
 It happened when I was chairman of the Republican 
 Speakers Bureau and in the Legislature that was 
 to elect your old colleague. Senator Hanna, to the 
 ■ Senate. 
 
 I had not had an opportunity of seeing the senator 
 for some time. One morning we hurried away from 
 Columbus at six o'clock in the morning, and went 
 aboard his car. He had not yet arisen and was in 
 fact, robed in a pair of pink silk pajamas. At Newark 
 a large crowd gathered on the platform and shouted 
 for Hanna. Pink silk pajamas are not the garb a 
 man would like to address his fellow citizens in. He 
 said "You must go." I will tell you my friends, that 
 at seven in the morning I am even less eloquent 
 than I am at nine in the evening, but I was pushed 
 
 95 
 
out on the platform. I had to say something, so I 
 said — "My fellow citizens !" About that time an 
 express train came in and I was compelled to stop 
 and when the train had gone by on the Big Four 
 track, I again took up the thread of my argument — 
 "Fellow citizens !" A switch engine backed up on the 
 B. & O. tracks and began to let off steam. I was 
 again compelled to pause for applause, and after it 
 seemed to me ten minutes, that engine went away. 
 I again began and had spoken perhaps ten words 
 when a freight train came along on the Pennsylvania 
 track and if it was one inch long it was a mile, it 
 seemed to me, and it was bumping over the ties 
 so I could hardly hear myself think. When it fin- 
 ally got by, in distress I threw up my hands and 
 said: "My fellow citizens" again. "You can see it 
 is useless for me to try to uplift my voice against 
 this great roar of Republican prosperity.'' That 
 sounded pretty good to me, but there was a man in 
 the very back of the crowd that had a voice like a 
 saw. He said "Ah, go on. That was a train of 
 empties.'' 
 
 I am not going to unload any more empties upon 
 this audience. 
 
 RUFUS PUTNAM — FATHER OF OHIO 
 
 Hon. Ralph Cole, of Findlay 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, Vice President and Gentlemen: 
 No one ever doubted the versatility of the gentleman 
 from the great city of Cincinnati. There are many 
 lines in which my distinguished colleague excels, but 
 only one in which he demands that he shall have no 
 superior, and that is in his standing socially and 
 
 among the ladies. 
 
 96 
 
I make this statement as prefacing the part which 
 he has already told you of me in the Ohio Legis- 
 lature. It was in 1902. A great bevy of beautiful 
 maidens from the City of Cleveland, Ohio, came to 
 Columbus to secure the passage of a pension bill for 
 school teachers. The honorable gentleman from Cin- 
 cinnati was attempting to shine among those ladies, 
 but they came to me and asked me to make a speech 
 on that bill. Speak? Had I been dumb and tongue- 
 less I could not have maintained my silence! And 
 even though uninformed of the merits of the measure, 
 I essayed speech, and in order to impress the benefi- 
 cence of the school teacher upon the public I related 
 an incident that occurred when I was out in the state 
 of Utah. I went to the tabernacle of the Mormons, 
 entered and stood upon the platform. There was an 
 elder of the Mormon faith, tall and angular, his beard 
 descending swept his aged breast. He said: "I pre- 
 sume you are from the East?" 
 
 I said "Yes, from Ohio, and I came here to see the 
 tabernacle.'' He told me to go to the other end of the 
 building. He took a pin from his robe and allowed 
 it to descend upon the table, and I heard it two 
 hundred and seventy-five feet away as distinctly as if 
 I stood by his side. 
 
 He rubbed his soft velvety hands, and it seemed 
 to fill every crevice in the magnificent auditorium. 
 He said "You say you are from Ohio?" "Yes." "You 
 are probably educated in some of the great schools 
 there?" "Yes." I told him, "I was graduated 
 from two and only possessed one regret, that 
 I did not have a diploma from the great 
 university at Marietta, Ohio." "I presume you 
 are educated in music?" I confessed that I had 
 been taught everything from chemistry to harmony. 
 
 97 
 
He told me to render a selection upon the organ. 
 I faced about. There was an organ thirty-five feet 
 high, forty-five feet wide and containing two thousand 
 nine hundred and forty-six pipes, ranging from three 
 quarters of an inch to forty-five feet in length. It 
 looked about as big to me as the adjoining mountains. 
 He said "I would like to hear you play a selection on 
 that organ." I ascended the rostrum and took my 
 place upon the great stool and as I thought, very grace- 
 fully rippled my fingers up and down the ivory keys. 
 Suddenly there burst forth a confusion of sounds, 
 wonderful sounds, which chased each other around 
 the room, in promiscuous confusion, until at last 
 disgusted with themselves they threw themselves 
 against the wall and crashed down in wailing, miser- 
 able confusion. I turned and fled from the building. 
 The next Sabbath I was seated in the Tabernacle with 
 ten thousand people. A skilled player crossed the 
 room and took her place upon the stool and very 
 gracefully swept her fingers up and down the keys. A 
 smooth sweet sound, silvery and soft as the falling 
 of the feathery snow, as the shadows in the eventide, 
 then rolled away. Louder and louder grew the 
 anthem, stronger and stronger swelled the chorus and 
 when the full diapason rose the whole tabernacle 
 seemed to waken and throb and vibrate with the har- 
 mony. The great tones lingered a few minutes, in 
 sweetest echoes, then passed into the mysterious land 
 of mystery from whence they came. 
 
 I had scored my point against the gentleman from 
 Cincinnati, and ever since that time every time he 
 has an opportunity to score me upon that speech he 
 has enjoyed it. 
 
 The subject assigned me is Rufus Putnam. I am 
 not like my friend from Cincinnati. I said over at 
 
 98 
 
Findlay, "How long do you talk?'' He said "That all 
 depends. If I am pretty well posted on my subject, a 
 half hour; not very well, two hours; and if I know 
 nothing whatever, I can talk indefinitely." 
 
 I am not familiar with the details of the life of 
 Rufus Putnam. I only know him from what I have 
 seen in our common history. I know that he was a 
 member of the Putnam family of the Revolutionary 
 period. I know that he was one of the patriots that 
 came to the state of Ohio and settled with the pioneers 
 and if there is one character in American history that 
 deserves credit, I was going to say above all others, 
 it is the pioneers that settled in the valleys and upon 
 the hills of the state of Ohio. They came, and as if by 
 magic the wilderness disappeared. The rivers were 
 traversed, the mountains were tunneled, railroads 
 and canals were constructed, and from the wilderness 
 they carved their first city, made history, founded a 
 state whose light has gone forth to the ends of the 
 earth and kindled the fires of patriotism on the altar 
 of the nation. 
 
 And from that time to this Ohio has been march- 
 ing in the van of American progress, and today when 
 we contemplate the citizenship inspired by the purest 
 motives of patriotism I instinctively turn to that 
 grandest part of the nation's horizon resplendent with 
 the names of Harrison, Hayes, Giddings, Garfield, 
 Hanna and McKinley; and tonight standing in this 
 presence in view of the masterly consecutive orations 
 we have listened to today and the high character and 
 splendid ability of that gentleman, I am constrained 
 to place in that galaxy of Ohio's great orators, the 
 name of the Vice President of the United States, 
 Charles W. Fairbanks. 
 Now, my friends, I simply rose to greet you tonight 
 
 99 
 
and to say that I appreciate being in your city today. 
 The present generation is going to remain true to the 
 lofty ideals and examples of these splendid men that 
 have gone on before. Where is the young man in the 
 city of Marietta today — where is the young man in the 
 State of Ohio whose heart does not thrill when he 
 speaks the names of Manasseh Cutler and Rufus Put- 
 nam. 
 
 These must keep us true to the flag, these must 
 keep us true to the highest ideals of American citizen- 
 ship. 
 
 Our constitutional form of government which pro- 
 motes highest citizenship in every part of our national 
 life but emphasizes the superiority of Anglo-Saxon 
 citizens. 
 
 The contest between the Republican and monar- 
 chial form of government is still being waged, and 
 it is in your hands as men, to see that in this contest 
 between Despotism and Democracy the flag of the 
 American Republic shall be supreme. 
 
 I am going to relate a certain incident and close. 
 It Avas at the battlefield of Chickamauga. A certain 
 regiment had been placed to battle on the heights. 
 They had started on their march, but for some un- 
 known reason a retreat was ordered. But the stand- 
 ard bearer, not hearing the signal and execution of 
 the order, took his flag, went up the mountain side 
 and planted it in the very mouth of the enemies' 
 cannon, turned about and saw in the valley beneath 
 the men crying : "Bring down that flag to the men.'' 
 There he stood defiant of danger, and said: "Bring 
 down that flag to the men? Never! Bring up the men 
 to the flag !" So, my fellow-citizens you young in years 
 upon whom this mighty contest has descended, you, 
 king crowned youth, you in your faith in the ultimate 
 
 100 
 
triumph of the eternal right, remember that in this 
 Republic never bring down the flag to the civilization 
 but with implicit faith in the God of our fathers let 
 us raise the civilization up to the level of the flag 
 where Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler and the 
 heroes of the Revolution and Civil wars have placed 
 it. 
 
 THE TWIN CITIES ON THE OHIO 
 
 Hon. Charles W. Archbold 
 
 I am happy in having assigned to me as the theme 
 for a few remarks this evening, "The Twin Cities on 
 the Ohio,'' meaning of course Marietta and Parkers- 
 burg. The latter of these cities has furnished me a 
 pleasant home for many years and with the former 
 I am connected by strong ties extending back to the 
 time of the arrival of the "Immortal 48" in the 
 spring of 1788. In welcoming the delegates of the 
 Ohio Conference of Charities and Correction a few 
 weeks since President Perry expressed regret that he 
 could not lay claim to an ancestor in the goodly com- 
 pany that arrived at the mouth of the Muskingum 118 
 years ago — on what he appropriately called the 
 Second Mayflower. I am more fortunate than he in 
 that respect as I am proud to claim a handsome and 
 talented gentleman — a Revolutionary soldier — who 
 arrived with that historic party — as a great grand- 
 father. I refer to the Hon. Peregrine Foster — one 
 of the first judges of Washington County — a picture 
 of whom hangs in the Relic Room in this city. About 
 three months later another great grand-father — also 
 a Revolutionary soldier — Capt. William Dana, ar- 
 rived to join the new settlement. This honored 
 ancestor has many descendants bearing his name in 
 
 101 
 
this valley — one of whom, the Hon. Chas. S. Dana, 
 of this city, presided with fine courtesy and dignity 
 at the unveiling exercises on the campus this after- 
 noon. As much is being said about the fore-fathers 
 on this occasion I feel like referring to at least one 
 fore-mother — the wife of Capt. Wm. Dana. She 
 had a diminutive body, and is spoken of by her affec- 
 tionate descendants as "little Mary Bancroft" — the 
 latter being her maiden name. She possessed a great 
 soul and a cheerful spirit. She used to write to her 
 father in Massachusetts, always addressing him as 
 "Honored Sir" (Dear Papa, would not have an- 
 swered at all in those simple but strenuous days). 
 She was always cheerful and hopeful, looking for the 
 good time coming — although she often found herself 
 in straits to provide food and clothing for her family 
 of eleven children, and their safety was often menaced 
 by the Indians. The record is that at one time the 
 little colony of which these ancestors formed a part 
 lived for a time almost altogether on greens ( pursley 
 at that), until other food could be provided. 
 
 I speak of these ancestors with great pride and 
 think it only just that while lauding the fore-fathers, 
 we should not forget the fore-mothers. I am sure I 
 will be excused for mentioning these ancestors as 
 they were doubtless typical of the colony of which 
 they formed a part. 
 
 And now what shall we say of the "Twin Cities" 
 up-to-date. Recalling the parlance much in vogue 
 when Mr. Cleveland ran for the presidency the second 
 time, if you were to ask me, "What's the matter with 
 Marietta?" and "What's the matter with Parkers- 
 burg?" I should be compelled to answer, "Oh, they're 
 all right!" No doubt if President Perry and myself 
 were to make a careful analysis of the situation we 
 might conclude that it would be well to eliminate 
 
 102 
 
from these twin cities a good many saloons and gamb- 
 ling houses and other places of evil resort — and we 
 shall continue to hope for the good time coming when 
 they will be eliminated. In the mean time as towns 
 go, these are good towns, and the citizens thereof are 
 indeed "citizens of no mean cities." In closing I can 
 perhaps utter no better wish on behalf of Marietta 
 and Parkersburg than that they may grow in (civic) 
 grace and in (civic) righteousness until they have 
 become models among the smaller cities of our great 
 country. 
 
 MARIETTA COLLEGE — CUSTODIAN OF 
 HISTORY 
 
 Thomas H. Kelley, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster — The bronze tablet unveiled on 
 the College Campus this afternoon commemorates 
 among other things the first permanent settlement in 
 the Northwest Territory. We are treading upon his- 
 toric ground. Here the intrepid Putnam came ashore 
 in 1788, and as he led his immortal band up the bank 
 of yonder Muskingum and assumed dominion over 
 these lands, the sun began to sink upon the fortunes 
 of a race which for centuries had acknowledged no 
 superior. With the decline of the red man's suprem- 
 acy came the dawn of the white man's reign. An 
 imperial domain awaited his coming. An epoch in 
 our country's expansion began at this point — the 
 first in our history. 
 
 When the thirteen guns pealed forth from Fort 
 Harmar across the river at sunrise on the Fourth of 
 July, 1788, and saluted the Stars and Stripes, it was 
 notice to the world that civilization had broken across 
 
 103 
 
the Alleghenies and was in possession of the fairest 
 portion of our broad land, and that the frontier had 
 been forced westward by the stroke of a pen from the 
 banks of the Ohio to the shores of the Mississippi. It 
 was in July 1788 that General Arthur St. Clair came 
 here bearing a commission from the Congress of the 
 United States as Governor of the Northwest Territory 
 and upon this spot set up a civil government and 
 made Marietta the capital of the territory. 
 
 The great ordinance of 1787 had passed the Con- 
 gress on the 13th day of July previous and General 
 Putnam came here fully pledged to carry out the pro- 
 visions of its third article, and especially the declar- 
 ation which accompanies this toast that 
 
 "Religion, morality, and knowledge' being necessary 
 to good government and the happiness of mankind, 
 schools and the means of education shall forever be 
 encouraged." 
 
 The blood of Putnam and his followers and their 
 descendants has ever been consecrated to the cause of 
 education, and the wilderness which they found here 
 peopled with savages at every turn, was not long 
 without its little school houses. The people of this 
 community devoted as they are to religion and moral- 
 ity, have not worshiped their Creator with more con- 
 sistency and zeal than they have encouraged schools 
 and the means of education. Through the influence 
 of Manasseh Cutler practical expression was given to 
 the declaration in the great ordinance of 1787 in favor 
 of "Keligion, morality and knowledge^' when the con- 
 tract with the Ohio Company was written. In that 
 document, two full townships of land were reserved 
 for the benefit of a university, and one full section in 
 every township was given perpetually for the support 
 of schools in the township, and another full section 
 was given in like manner for the support of religion. 
 
 104 
 
THK RUFUS PUTNAM HOUSE 
 
 Built within the stockade. 1788 
 
 MUSKINGUM ACADEMY 
 
For the first ten years of her existence the teachers 
 in the schools of Marietta were supported jointly by 
 the Ohio Company and the parents of the pupils. In 
 1797, an academy was founded but it was not opened 
 until 1800. Dr. Hildreth says of this academy: 
 
 "This was doubtless the first structure of its kind in 
 Ohio, it having been commenced two years after the 
 Indian War, when few improvements had been made in 
 the cultivation of the soil, and the people were poor, but 
 the wisdom and good sense of the descendants of the 
 Puritans led them to see that instruction in religion and 
 learning was really necessary for the welfare of society." 
 
 Muskingum Academy was followed by the Institute 
 of Education established in 1830. The high school of 
 this Institute was chartered in 1833 as the "Marietta 
 Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers Semin- 
 ary." In 1835, Marietta College was chartered and 
 ever since its foundation has been richly blessed in 
 the influence and material aid which has constantly 
 come to it from the descendants of the men who came 
 here as the representatives of the Ohio Company. One 
 can not touch upon matters educational in Ohio with- 
 out calling up the name of Putnam. It was General 
 Rufus Putnam who presided at the first meeting in 
 1797 called to prepare a plan of a house suitable for 
 the instruction of youth and religious exercises, and 
 out of which meeting Muskingum Academy came. 
 David Putnam, a graduate of Yale, was the first 
 teacher in this Academy in 1800. Douglas Putnam 
 was secretary of the Board of Trustees of Marietta 
 College from the time of its incorporation in 1835, 
 until his death fifty-nine years later. The Board of 
 Trustees of the College has never since its organiza- 
 tion been without one or more Putnams, and thus con- 
 tinuous personal connection with the pioneers of the 
 Ohio Company has been kept up. 
 
 The authentic history of the Northwest Territory 
 
 105 
 
has yet to be written in its entirety. The materials 
 for that history are here in abundance. Marietta 
 College, which has been so influential in building up 
 the intellectual life of this section, has with great 
 wisdom been chosen as the repository of much of this 
 historical material. Unfortunately the College is 
 without a suitable building for housing such precious 
 documents as are found among the archives committed 
 to its keeping. Can you, gentlemen of the Ohio Com- 
 pany, address yourselves to any more important mat- 
 ter than the collection and preservation of the records 
 and documents which your predecessors, the pioneers, 
 have left behind them? Do not General Putnam and 
 his hardy band of followers who blazed the way over 
 the mountains and founded here a new nation deserve 
 to have erected by their successors a permanent 
 memorial as a tribute to their heroic efforts to reclaim 
 a wilderness and people it with loyal, law-abiding 
 American citizens? There is not found in the annals 
 of American history a more notable struggle for 
 liberty and freedom than the one which engaged the 
 hearts and minds and souls of the Ohio pioneers. 
 
 What more appropriate spot for such a memorial 
 than on the same campus where you have today com- 
 memorated the compact between your Company and 
 the Federal Government? We humbly beseech you, 
 build it here of solid New England granite, inscribe 
 over its portals and high up on its lofty walls the 
 names of Putnam, Cutler, Cotton, Mills, St. Clair and 
 all those whose valor and self-sacrifice entitle them to 
 a place in this Hall of Fame ; consecrate the structure 
 to Clio the Muse of History and depend upon it Mar- 
 ietta College will raise up a young Herodotus who 
 will hand down to succeeding ages an imperishabl'3 
 chronicle of the Northwest Territory. 
 
 106 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 Attorney General Wade H. Ellis 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, Gentlemen: Down in Cincin- 
 nati where Nick Longworth and I live, there is a small 
 stream that empties into the Ohio river and is never 
 navigable at any possible period. It is the Miami 
 river, and it is the habit of young men who live on the 
 outskirts of Cincinnati to spend a portion of each 
 summer fishing in the Miami river. It is related that 
 one day a young farmer lad was out on a raft in the 
 Miami river with a pole and line, and a thing hap- 
 pened that very rarely happens on that river — he 
 got a bite and so anxious and excited was he in land- 
 ing the fish that he fell over into the middle of the 
 stream, and was struggling and trying to get on the 
 raft when a farmer passed by and called out to him : 
 '^Hello, my boy, how did you come to fall in?" The 
 young fellow blew the water out of his mouth and 
 threw the waves out and said : "I didn't come to fall 
 in, you darned old fool ; I come to fish !'' 
 
 I did not come to make a speech, I came, in the 
 language of the sign board on the railway track, to 
 "stop, look and listen." I don't want, at this hour, 
 to give you any more eloquence, even if I could. I 
 feel something of the spirit that a little boy in school 
 experienced when the teacher said to him one day, 
 "What is the meaning of elocution?" He scratched 
 his head for a moment, then said: "Elocution? Let 
 me see. Oh, yes, that is the way people are put to 
 death in some of the states." 
 
 107 
 
I have enjoyed particularly this boom that has been 
 started, tonight, for Vice President Fairbanks, and I 
 want to call your attention to an important fact that 
 has been brought out, and that is, that Indiana is the 
 center of population, and now we at last understand 
 how it happens that of all those who are mentioned for 
 the next occupant of the White House, Vice President 
 Fairbanks has more people around him than anybody 
 else. 
 
 Like the Vice President, I paid a visit once to the old 
 home of General Putnam. I went, last summer, with 
 the Tuberculosis Hospital Commission of Ohio, which, 
 as you know, is undertaking to establish in this state a 
 sanatorium, and I went to the little town of Rutland, 
 Massachusetts, where is located the State Sanator- 
 ium for the treatment of tuberculosis in that state. 
 After we visited the institute, I took a walk through 
 that quaint, picturesque old New England village. I 
 went past the ancient cemetery and read the lines on 
 some of the tombstones. There you know it is said 
 that one of the quaintest inscriptions to be found any 
 place on a tombstone is located. A husband, doubt- 
 less a kind, loving husband, buried his wife and put 
 upon her stone these words : 
 
 "Here lies Mary Ann Gest, 
 Asleep on Abraham's breast. 
 It is a pretty good thing for Mary Ann, 
 But it's darned hard lines for Abraham.'* 
 
 As I went through that village I stopped at the old 
 historic home and saw the tablet on the front of the 
 house, indicating the establishment there of the Ohio 
 Company, and saw what had been a temporary struc- 
 ture that had been erected on the side of the house, 
 facing a natural amphitheatre where only a few years 
 before his death William McKinley had addressed the 
 people of that country, thousands of whom were gath- 
 
 108 
 
ered there to hear the great son of Ohio and the great 
 son of the nation come back and lay his garland of 
 praise and reverence upon the cradle of his state's 
 birth. As I stood there, I thought how great the 
 courage, how hard the trials were of those pioneers 
 who came out to Ohio. How strong in the splendor 
 of their manhood were the men who were running the 
 nation in that day And there passed in review the 
 history of the country since that time. I heard the 
 first echoes of the battlefield of the War of 1812, and 
 saw the sturdy figure of Andrew Jackson. And then 
 the Mexican War; then the civil strife which divided 
 the nation, and the sad, gaunt, pathetic figure of 
 Abraham Lincoln; then the reconstruction period, 
 then the era of wealth getting, and finally the era of 
 political corruption, the new dangers threatening the 
 Republic, the danger and the menace from great 
 aggregation of capital improperly or greedily used; 
 and I thought : Are we, the descendants of that type 
 of pioneer, facing as they would have faced, these 
 great questions? Has there been a deterioration in 
 the race? Then a man came to the door and opened 
 it and said, "Won't you come in?" I said "I will be 
 glad to come in and examine the house." He said: 
 "I will be glad to show you." He was a young farmer, 
 with all the sturdy character in his face of a typical 
 New Englander. I said: "What is your name?" 
 "My name is Putnam." "Putnam?" I said; "Are 
 you a lineal descendant of Rufus Putnam?" "No, not 
 a lineal descendant, but the same blood." And here 
 was the answer to all my questions. The same blood, 
 the same blood watching at the cradle of Ohio's in- 
 fancy. The same blood watchng the sacred shrine 
 where the great state was born, and it occurred to me 
 how true it was that back in Ohio there was the same 
 blood that coursed through the veins of those splendid 
 
 109 
 
pioneers. And I felt that we ought not to fear that 
 men so born would ever dishonor their lineage, that 
 men with that blood in their veins would ever disgrace 
 their splendid heritage. And I felt more secure than 
 ever before in the conclusion that, though greater 
 problems confront us, today, than those that con- 
 fronted the pioneers, the same blood, the same brain 
 will solve them in the same patriotic way. 
 
 Tonight you have heard a very eloquent appeal to 
 the young men of the land to be true to the principles 
 and the inspiration that comes to them down the line 
 of a long and noble ancestry. I say to you, that there is 
 not a higher obligation upon the young men of the 
 land than to study these great questions that present 
 themselves to us under our system of government, and 
 to be ready to deliver the nation from any and every 
 menace that may threaten it. 
 
 We stand, tonight, upon the mountain heights of 
 time. Behind us is the midnight of the centuries; 
 before us is the dawning of the eternal morning; 
 within us is the still small voice of conscience to 
 inspire and to prophesy, pleading for our faithfulness 
 to the great work yet undone, pleadng for the devotion 
 to the highest good of the myriads yet unborn, plead- 
 ing in the name of truth and in the name of home, 
 and in the name of God. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 John MeSweeney, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster and Mr. Vice President and Gen- 
 tlemen — It is fit that I should be introduced to you, 
 but the citizens of your classic city need no introduc- 
 tion, not to know our Vice President, your Dawes and 
 
 110 
 
jour Folletts, and the fame of your scholars would 
 argue ourselves unknown and a stranger to all those 
 who endeavor. 
 
 But your city has done so much in the way of pat- 
 riotism and learning she is no longer an object of envy 
 or emulation. It is not for modern mortals to com- 
 mand such attainments, you have the dower of age, 
 your ivy usurps the laurel. You remind me of St. 
 Paul, your people are not satisfied to register their 
 names on the hotel books of the world as Americans, 
 and citizens of Ohio, but you at all times write "Mar- 
 ietta" in red ink and want the world to know that 
 Marietta is "no mean city". The story of Ohio — it 
 has its Genesis and Exodus here. 
 
 While visiting Yale College the other day I learned 
 in a distant state, your college is graded with the first 
 in Ohio. Jack Cade, the commoner of 1445, after he 
 had put his palfrey to grass on Cheap-Side, called 
 Lord Say to account for corrupting the youths of the 
 realm, by erecting "school houses" and talking of 
 "nouns" and "verbs," and allowing "printing" to be 
 done, and building a "paper mill" ; Lord Say answered, 
 "I did these things because I believe that ignorance is 
 the curse of God, and knowledge the wings where- 
 withal we fly to heaven." We commoners of today 
 elect our servants to office as champions of education, 
 knowing that education is the cheap defense of a 
 people, and without it man is a savage. Compel the 
 young man and woman of this part of the state to light 
 their slender torches from the more redundant one of 
 your college, and join with your sons who have circled 
 the world with ^^Marietta College Ughf^ until we see 
 "God and good in everything." Our State rejoices in 
 your work, that it extends from Palm to Pine, from 
 the Ganges to the Icebergs. 
 
 Ill 
 
Aeneas wept with his friend Achates when he saw 
 Carthage adorned with the splendors of ruined Troy. 
 The scholar weeps with Aeneas, whether he sees him 
 on VergiFs pictured page, or placed by the cunning 
 hand of the artist in marble or on canvas. The past 
 is repeopled for him with the martyrs of a former 
 civilization. I assure you it is a great pleasure for 
 the State of Ohio to allow Marietta and her college to 
 change the "lachrymans" of ^'x^eneas'' to "ridens" and 
 ask this question in her classic vernacular ; "Quis jam 
 locus. Quae regio in terris, nostri non plena laboris." 
 Like Webster's drum beats, your sons have encircled 
 the globe and are in every state of this union. We 
 find them in the parliaments, the confederations of the 
 world, and one of your illustrious sons is now on the 
 payrolls of our Congress giving his voice and vote for 
 all sorts and conditions of bills. 
 
 But I must stop, the "star dials are pointing to 
 morn, the star dials are hinting of morning.'^ I will 
 part from you like the fabled guest of the Tabard Inn, 
 my feet ever moving onward, yet my face ever looking 
 back to this night, ever asking you to perpetuate with 
 eternal vigilance the two immortal elements of your 
 greatness: "The pursuit of happiness'' and "The 
 pursuit of knowledge." 
 
 112 
 
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