UCSB LIBRARY ^fe,^ 1/ f!:^^^3fe .lWy« ie\ •,..^9'-, '!*/*« I THE AMERICA'S CUP. A TESTIMONIAL CHAKLES J. PAiNE EDWARD BURGESS, IKUM i H i: CITY OF BOSTON, FOK rilKlK SL'CCESSFUL DEFP:N('E OF IIIF AArFUrCA'S CUP. 1'. () S r () N : MKi) i;y ohdkr of riiK c irv (ofncil 18 8 7. CITY OF BOSTON. In Board of Aldermen, Oct. 10, 1887. Ordered, Tliat the Clerk of Coniniittees be authorized to prepare for publication, under the direction of the Committee on Printing, an appropri- ate memorial volume, giving an account of the action of the City Council, and the reception at Faneuil Hall by the City of Boston, to Charles J. Paine, owner, and Edward Burgess, designer, of the yacht Volunteer, including biographical sketches of said gentlemen : and that tiie same be printed, the expense incurred thereby to be charged to the appropriation for Printing. Passed. Sent down for concurrence. In Common Council, Oct. 13, 1887. Concurred. Approved by the Mayor October 1."), 1887. A true cojiy. Attest: JOHN T. PKIEST, Assistant Citi/ Clerk. I'KESS OK UOCKWELL AND CHUKCUILL, II O S T O N . C N T E N T S . I.MHoni ( TOKv History .... Victory of the America Description of tlic America (Note) . First Interriiitional Hacc, 1870 . Second International Kace, 1871 Third International Race, 1876 . Fourth International Race, 1881 Deed of Gift of tlie .America's Cup to t Club The Challenge of the Genes/a . The Boston Sloop Puritan The Enj^lish Cutter Genesta The Trial Races of 1885 . Summary of the First Race- Second Trial Race, and Sununary Third Trial Race, and Summary Tiic America's Cup Races of 1885 . Tlie First Race .... Summary of the First Race Tiie Second Race Summary of the Second Race The Chalien.Lre of Ihe Galaiea . The Boston Sloop Mayflower . The English Cutter Galatea The Trial Races of 1886 > . Summary of the First Race Seccmd Trial Race, and Summary The America's Cup Riices of 1886 . The First Race .... le N ew V • rk Vacht :i-84 11 17 20 23 26 29 33 37 40 41 42 4;', 44 48 50 51 53 53 54 bS 60 61 62 63 63 CONTEXTS. Sumiiiaiv of tlic First Race Tlie Second Kacc . Suniinary of the Second Uace Tlie Cliallon.ue of tlie Thistle The Steel Sloop Volunteer . The "Boston Herald" Cup (Note) The Scotch Cutter Thistle . The Trial Race of 1887 Summary of the Race . The America's Cup Races of 1887 The First Race Summary of -the First Race . The Second Race . Summary of the Second Race Table of Contests for the America's Cup in American Waters The America's Cup .... New Deed of Gift of the Cup to the New York Yacht Club Biographical Sketch of Charles J. Paine Biographical Sketch of Edward Burgess The Reception in Faneuil Hall Committee on Reception Message from His Honor the Mayor to the Cit Action of the City Council .... Address of His Honor the Mayor Remarks of Charles J. Paine . Remarks of Edward Burgess Remarks of His Excellency Governor Ames Remarks of Frederic 0. Prince Telegram from Marblehead Remarks of William Everett Remarks of Henry B. Lovering Remarks of Rev. E. A. Horton Remarks of Charles Levi Woodbury Remarks of Rev. J. P. Bodfish Remarks and Poem by Rev. M. J. Savage Remarks of Gen. N. P. Banks Remarks of Thomas J. Gargan v Council I'ACiK GO 67 69 70 70 73 74 77 78 78 78 81 81 83 84 87 88 95 100 105-150 105 108 108 116 117 119 121 121 127 128 131 133 135 136 137 140 144 CONTKNTS. I'ai;k Kc'iuiirks ol' WilliMiii Iv Itiissell ...... 117 Letter from dipt. II. C. Ilatl' Hx .Address of WelcoiiR- from " DalilLrren Post, No. 2, (i..-\.K." Hit C"iH!l!KSPONI>KN( K, KTC. ......... Itjl-I.j'.) Letter from Oliver Wendell Holmes ..... 1.51 Letter from Uenjamiii F. liutler . . . . I'll Letter from Charles Deveiis ....... I.j.J Letter from Henry Cal)ot Lod8 00 4: U 07 4 58 19 4 57 05 9 40 37 4 22 05 5 08 17 5 08 17 2 52 15 4 40 09 5 25 29 5 15 51 3 13 10 4 56 39 5 42 33 5 32 .58 42 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. The Second Trial Race took place Aug. 22, 1885, over a triangular course of forty miles, beginning at the Scotland Lightship and running thirteen and one-third miles south-east by east, half east. The entries were the same as in the previous contest. The wind was south-west by south, and was light, with a fine rain falling. The Puritan crossed the line at 12 : 25 : 45 : the Prisdlla, at 12 : 26 : 27 ; the Grade and Bedouin, 12 ; 27 o'clock. The Priscilla was more fortunate in this race, and suc- ceeded in crossing the finish line a winner by 5 minutes 14 seconds, corrected time. THE SUMMAEY OF THE KACE. Course. — 40 miles, over an equilateral triangle, starting from the Scotland Lightship. WiXD. — Liffht, south-west b}- south. First Second Elapsed Corrected Start. Finish. _ Mark. Mark. Time. Time. H. BI. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. 31. S. H. M. S. Priscilla . . 12 26 27 2 16 05 5 30 54 6 32 53 6 06 26 6 06 26 Puritan . . . 12 25 45 2 17 00 5 32 43 6 38 39 6 12 54 6 11 40 Graeie . . . 12 27 00 2 29 47 6 00 36 7 12 34 6 45 34 6 35 59 Bedouin . . 12 27 00 2 41 40 6 00 25 7 26 10 6 59 10 6 49 32 The Priscilla defeated the Puritan 5 minutes 14 seconds ; the Grade, 29 minutes 33 seconds ; the Bedouin, 43 minutes 6 seconds. The Prisdlla allow^ed the Puritan 1 minute 14 seconds ; the Grade, 9 minutes 35 seconds ; the Bedouin, 9 minutes 38 seconds. PAINE-BUEGESS TESTIMONIAL. 43 The Third Ti:ial Race Occurred Monday, Aug. 24, 1S85, and "was over the regular inside course of the New York Yacht Chib, starting from buoy 18, off Bay Ridge, to and around buoy 10, passing to the west and south of it ; thence to buoy 8^, passing south of it, and north of V)uo3' 5, ofi' the i)oint of Sandy Hook, to and around the Sandy Hook Lightship, leaving it on the starboard, and then returning over the same course, linishing at buoy 1"). Distance, 38 miles. There was a seven-knot breeze from the south-south-west, and the yachts crossed the starting-line in the following order : Puritan, 10 : 50 : 28 ; Pn'scilla, 10 : 50 : 30 ; Grade, 10 : 50 : 46 ; and Bedouin, at 10 : 51 : 01 o'clock. The interest in this race was, as before, centred in the two new sloops, and was still further heightened from the fact that the race would, without doul)t, determine which of the two boats was to be selected to defend the Cup. A most exciting contest took place, resulting in another victory for the Ihiritayi, under conditions of wind, etc., which were considered specialh' favorable to her foremost rival. THE SUMMARY OF THE RACE. Course. — 38 miles; Xew York Yacht Club inside course. WiXD. — Averaire force about 11 knots; south-south-west. SUrt. Buoy sj Elapsed Corrected Litjhtshii). Time. Time. n. M. S. II. M. (5. II. M. S. n. M. .S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. Puritan . 10 50 28 12 02 45 12 51 50 2 04 28 2 43 05 3 52 37 3 51 26 Priscilla . 10 50 30 12 04 10 12 53 01 2 06 10 2 43 48 3 53 18 3 53 18 Gracic . 10 50 46 12 09 10 1 00 22 2 15 30 2 58 41 4 07 55 3 58 48 Bedouin . 10 51 01 12 U 30 I 05 50 2 21 00 3 05 33 4 14 32 4 05 22 44: PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. The Puritan defeated the Priscilla by 1 minute 52 sec- onds ; the Grade, hy 7 minutes 22 seconds; the Bedouin, by 13 mhiutes 56 seconds. The Priscilla ;dlowed the Puritan 1 minute 11 seconds; the Bedouin, 9 minutes 10 seconds ; the Grade, 9 minutes 7 seconds. The regatta committee subsequently discussed the rela- tive merits of the Puritan and PrisdUa under all condi- tions, and tinally notified the owners of the Puritan that their lioat had been selected to represent America in the cominof international contest. THE AMERICA'S CUP RACES OE 1885. The date for the first race between the Puritan and the Genesta, for the possession of the America's Cup, was fixed for Monday, September 7. The interest in the races had been continually increasing, and at this time had reached a pitch wholly unparalleled in yachting history. The races and the respective merits of the rival boats became an absorbing topic of conversation among all classes of the community, and conjectures as to the result were heard on every hand. The course fixed upon was that from the Scotland Light- ship, off Sandy Hook, N.J., twenty miles to windward and return ; and early on that bright September morning the grandest fleet ever seen in American waters, and prob- ably in the world, moved down New York harbor to the starting-point. A light wind, north l)y west, prevailed. Scarcely a cloud could be seen, and the air was as balmy as in June. As 10.30 o'clock, the time for starting the PAJNE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 45 race, approached, it was seen tliat the Ibree ot" the wind was not sufficient to enable the yachts to go over the course in seven hours, — the time stipulated in the condi- tions of the race. The wind subsequently shifted to the south-east and was blowing- about tiNo miles an hour, and increasing slightly. The committee decided to start the boats, and the prepara- tory signal was accordingly given at 1.31 o'clock. On board the Puritan were Messrs. Paine, Burgess, and Forbes, who took part with Capt. Crocker in the sailing of the yacht, while Sir Richard Sutton and ]Mr. Beavor-Webb assisted Capt. Carter on the Genei^ta. As the starting- whistle was blown, the Puritan was witliin one hundred feet of the line, over which she shot at 1:36:15, the Genesta following at 1 : 37 : 37 o'clock. This contest, while it lasted, sufficed to show superior sailing <]ualities in the Puritan over those of the English cutter. Owing, however, to the failure of the wind, towards 6 o'clock, it' became apparent to the committee that the yachts could not reach the tinisli line within the required seven hours from the start, and the race was of necessity declared oft' at (5.30 o'clock; the yachts at that time being near the outer mark-boat, and the Puritan holding a lead of fully two and one-half miles. The yachts were towed back and anchored in the Horseshoe, at Sandy Hook. Al- though there was much disappointment over the postpone- ment, the results of the day's work gave great satisfaction to the champions of the Puritan. The centre-board sloop had shown her ability to outpoint and outfoot the cutter, for which such fine windward work had l)een claimed, and no fears as to her superiority in light winds were expressed. 46 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. The Second Attempt, September 8. — On the follow- ing morning, Tuesday, September 8, the second attempt at a race was made, and ended in disappointment — even more keen than before. The breeze was fresh from the south- cast, the weather being simihir to that of the previous da3% and there was every prospect of a splendid race. The tAvo boats were in readiness for the contest and pro- ceeded to the starting-point. The preparatory signal had been given, and the boats were waiting to receive the final signal, when, by some miscalculation on the part of the skippers on the Puritan, while attempting to cross the bows of the Genesta, in going to windward, the two boats were l)rought into too close proximity, and a col- lision ensued. The Genesta's bowsprit was driven through the Puritan's main-sail, making a large rent therein, and before it was possible to disengage it, the liowsprit was carried away and dragged helplessly over the Genesta's starboard bow. The rent in the Puritan's main-sail was about a yard square, but she was otherwise uninjured. As the Genesta's Ijowsprit crashed over the side, tearing off stays and head- sails, the splendid discipline of her English crew was dis- played to good advantage. There was no confusion ; every man was in his place, and everything was speedily secured and stowed away. As the Genesla had the right of way, the committee immediately disqualified the Puritan. Sir Richard Sutton, however, refused to accede to the decision, and, with true sportsmanlike spirit, declared that he had come to Ameri(^a to test the relative merits of the cutter and centre-board sloop, and not to claim races on techni- calities. The owners of the Boston sloop conferred Avith PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 47 Sir Richard, expressing proibuud regret for the accident, and offering to assume all the expense for repairs on the cutter. This offer, however, was refused by the Genesld's owner, who showed the most generous spirit throughout. Both yachts were immediately overhauled and put in thorough trim. The Tiiikd Attempt, Friday, September 11. — Both yachts having been given a trial spin on the second day following the accident, to learn if everything was in proper condition, the next attempt was made on Friday, September 11, over the 20-mile windward course from Scotland Lightship. Indications pointed to a heavy sea and a good breeze ; but the latter, although east-by-north and only about six knots, was increasing when the start was made. The Puritan crossed the line at 11:35:41, and the Genesta at 11:35:48, the former being to windward. The Puritan had a decided advantage over the Genesta in this trial ; but the hopes of those who had expected a race were agained doomed to disappointment, for the wind died down gradualhs and at 4.30 o'clock the Puritan, which was leading by one and one-half miles, was still two miles distant from the mark-boat, and it l:>ecame appar- ent that the race could not be finished. At 5.52 o'clock the judges set the signal for a postponement. The Genesta had not then rounded the mark, but the Puritan had rounded fifteen minutes before. The Fourth Attempt, Saturday, September 12. — The fourth postponement occurred on Saturday, September 12, after the yachts liad waited at the lightship until 2.25 o'clock, during which time there was almost a dead calm. 48 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. THE FIRST FINISHED RACE. On Monday, Sept. 14, a race was sailed to the finish, and victory crowned the American sloop. The course was the "inside" one of 38 miles, startino" from bnoy 18, off Bay Ridge, and was the same as that in the third trial race. The wind was light, from the south-west, at the time of starting, gradually falling away to almost a calm, and in the last half of the race fresh- ening to ten miles an hour. When the starting signal was given, at 10.30 o'clock, the yachts were a consider- able distance from the line, and, failing to cross within two minutes, time was computed from 10.32 o'clock. Both boats crossed a few seconds later, the Genesta being a short distance ahead, but slightly to leeward. The sloop was dressed in her main-sail, club-top-sail, forestay-sail, and jib, and the cutter carried the same sails, with jib-top-sail additional, though the latter was dispensed w^ith soon after. The racers stood on the starboard track for twelve minutes, during which the Puritan made a slight gain by pointing higher into the wind. On the next tack she gained about two hundred feet, and when they again tacked close by the Clifton shore another three hundred feet had been added, while she still held the weather position. Though losing momentarily by l)eing blanketed by a large schooner on the next tack, she caught a six-knot breeze as she passed out of the Narrows, and at 11 o'clock was a good quarter of a mile to the fore. The Genesta had in the meantime set her jib- top-sail again. In the next half hour tlie white sloop had increased the lead to half a mile. About this PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 49 time, however, she lost the breeze ahnost entirely, and the Genesta, holding it longer, closed a portion of the gap. The yachts sailed lazily, about a quarter of a mile apart, when the breeze returned, and the sloop first feeling its influence, regained a portion of the lost dis- tance. Both boats then went under equal weather con- ditions, and the sloo[) showed the l)etter speed, being at buoy 9 three-quarters of a mile in advance of her com- petitor, and an eighth of a mile to windward. At 12.30 o'clock the Genesta met batHing winds, and had much difficulty in weathering the buoy, and was losing steadily. The Puritan had opened a gap of nearly two miles, but during the next half-hour the cutter was more favored by the flukes and closed \\\) considerably. Ofl' the point of Sandy Hook there was the first indication of the Genesta overhauling the Boston boat, and there was great excitement. The latter was in a calm spot, and the cut- ter came bowling along at great speed. The anxiety was soon relieved, however, for the Puri- tan^ getting a fresh breeze before the Genesta had time to close up on her, shot awa}' for the lightship at a rate which gave her a firm hold on her lead. The wind then blew ten miles an hour, and both boats carried all sail. It was a beautiful race to the lightship, the sloop outfooting the cutter steadilj^ and standing up better. The Puritan rounded the lightship at 2 : 14 : 54, and the Genesta at 2:19:16, — the former on the run home passing the latter half a mile to leeward of the ship. There was a great demonstration made by the fleet of excursion boats as each went oft* on the last half of the race. On the stretch back to buoy 10 the sloop did splendid sailing, 50 PAmE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. and every inch of canvas did its ^vo^k. She gained steadily in the fresh breeze, and when at the point of the Hook led by a mile. Inside the Hook both yachts had trouble with the strong ebb tide, and the wind there was found to l)e not over tive miles an hour. Under these circumstances the cutter did better than the sloop ; but the latter, on rounding buoy 8^, at 3:32:30, set her balloon jib-top-sail, and from that moment to the finish she constantly crept ahead. The Genesta rounded buoy 8| at 3:38:05, and, with spinnaker and balloon jib-top-sail set, she started after her rival. She flew through the water, but failed to gain on the sloop, which did not set her spinnaker. The Puritan crossed the finish line at 4:38:05, and the Genesta, which was far astern, tinished at 4:54:52. The joy of the thousands of spectators knew no bounds, and for many minutes whistles shrieked and cannons roared, proclaiming the great victory of the American centre- board sloop. THE SUMMAEY OF THE RACE. Course. — 38 miles; New York Yacht Club inside course. Wind. — Varying from one to ten miles an hour; south- west. Buoy Buoy Saudy Hook Buoy 10 Elapsed Corrected start. J J J . Finish. No. 10. No. .5. Lightship. (ret'g). Time. Time. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. SI. S. Puritan. 10 32 00 1 16 32 1 31 30 2 14 54 3 3S 05 4 38 05 6 06 05 6 06 05 Genesta. 10 32 00 1 19 25 1 36 00 2 19 16 3 46 05 4 54 52 6 22 52 6 22 24 The Puritan allowed the Genesta 28 seconds, and won by 16 minutes 19 seconds, corrected time. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 51 THE SECOND FINISHED RACE. On Wednesday, September 1(1, the second race to a finish was sailed ; and, thoiiah the Boston sloop won, it was only after a l)attle the outcome of which was un- certain almost to the moment the Puritan crossed the finish line. The course was that from the lightship Wreck of Scotland, twenty miles dead to leeward and return. The wind was west - north - west, blowinof ten miles an hour; and, with spinnaker, main-sail, and club- top-sail set, the Genesta started at 11:05:16, and the Puritan at 11:06:01. Both went like greyhounds, but the white sloop, inch by inch, closed up, and at 11.50 o'clock was abreast of the cutter. A1)out this time the Genesta changed her spinnaker from starboard to port, and the change helped her perceptibly. During the next five miles she slowly gained on the centre-board, which had gone to the front during the shifting of canvas, and at 12.45 o'clock passed to the fore. The visitor con- tinued to excel in speed, and after a magnificent run reached the mark- boat a half-mile in the lead. She rounded at 1 : 05 : 30, and the Puritan made the turn 2 minutes and 6 seconds later. Both started on the beat homeward on the starboard tack, and here the sloop did some phenomenal work. The wind had increased to nearly twenty miles an hour, and both continued the fight with whole main-sails, clnb-top-sails, and two jibs. The Puritan slowly worked to windward, and wiion both tacked to port, at 1.22, the Genesta' s lead had been decreased to a quarter of a mile. The Puritan sent down her to})- mast at 1.26 o'clock, and the Genesta took in her top-sail 52 PAINE-BUEGESS TESTIMONIAL. at the same time. The weather was now squally, and as it increased in force the Puritan continued to out- point and outfoot the cutter. At 2 o'clock both yachts were sailing with their lee rails under water and their decks awash, the wind blowing at the rate of nearl}^ thirty miles an hour ; but in fifteen minutes the wind had subsided to twenty knots. In going about on the star- board tack, at 2.16 o'clock, the Puritan showed that she had recovered her loss, and was a mile to windward. Another increase in the wind sent it up to thirty knots an hour, and caused an ugly sea, in which the Genesta labored heavil3\ The Puritan, however, lost some of her gain to windward hj the wind hauling to the north- north-west. The Genesta, though previously far to lee- ward, could now make the lightship in one long reach of ten miles, and the result of the race became a matter of grave doul)t. The Puritan overcame this advantage b}'' heading up a trifle higher, while still maintaining a pace equal to that of the cutter, and for a time the boats, bow and bow, rushed madly through the water. It was a most exciting struggle ; and the anxiety, as the yachts approached the finish line, was intense. At two miles from the lightship the Puritan was a trifle to wind- ward and leading by only a few feet. Capt. Carter made a desperate attempt to take his vessel into the weather position, but in vain. He again and again repeated the attempt ; but at one mile from the line the white boat had secured a safe lead, and a few minutes later had crossed, a winner of the race and of the America's Cup. The demonstration in honor of the victory was one long to be remembered. Human voices, cannons, and whistles PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 53 sounded their applause, and excursionists danced with de- light, embraced each other, and gave all sorts of evidence of joy. The salute to the Genesta when she finished was hardly less demonstrative. THE SUMMARY OF THE RACE. Course. — 20 miles to leeward and return, starting from Scotland Lightship. Wind. — Varying from ten to thirty miles an hour; west- north-west at the start, and shifting to north-north-west during the last half of the race. Turning Elapsed Corrected Start. Finish. Stalje. Time. Time. Puritan . . . 11 06 01 1 07 36 4 09 1.5 5 0.3 14 5 03 14 Genesta . . . 11 0.5 16 1 0.3 30 4 10 39 5 0.5 23 o 04 52 The Puritan allowed the Genesta 31 seconds, and won by 1 minute 38 seconds, corrected time. Soon after the cup races the Puntan was sold at auc- tion to Gen. Charles J. Paine, of Boston, and was pur- chased from him, before the opening of the next yachting season, by Mr. J. Malcolm Forbes, Vice-Commodore of the Eastern Yacht Club, and is now in his possession. THE CHALLENGE OF THE GALATEA. The challenge from Mr. J. Beavor-Webb was received February 26, 1885, he having entered the English cutter Galatea, as well as the Genesta, for the race for the 54 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. America's Cup. That part of the manifesto which related to the Galatea was accepted at a meeting of the New York Yacht Clul), on October 22, 1885, and the races were fixed for the following year. No modifications in the sailing regulations were made, although several were sug- ofested by the owner of the challenging boat. THE BOSTON CENTRE-BOARD SLOOP MAYFLOWER. To the liberality and public spirit of Gen. Charles J. Paine, of Boston, unaided by any syndicate, as in the case of the building of the sloop Puritan, is due the sloop May- flower, which achieved great honors over America's fastest yachts of all classes, as well as securing the renown of successfully defending the challenge for the America's Cup in 188(3. The entire cost was assumed by him, and to rio-o'ino- and sailino- her his best efforts were given during the memorable yachting season of that year. The Mayflower was designed by Mr. Edward Burgess, of Boston, many of General Paine's ideas being embodied in the plans. Mr. Burgess frankly said at the time : " It is only fair to General Paine to state that the principal changes made in the new sloop, which cause her to differ from the Pnritan, were made under his direction. They are the outcome of his ideas, and, if she comes up to what is expected. General Paine should have all the credit." The plans were delivered early in the year 188G to Messrs. George Lawley & Sons, of South Boston, who besran the work of construction on January 25. She was built entirely of wood, of the best material, and the r^.'}' n^i PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 55 work of construction was the most thorough in every respect. On the Gth day of May the 3Iay flower was successfully launched, and the work of riofging her speedily followed. The general appearance of the Mayflov:er is not unlike that of the Puritan. In many particulars, however, there is a wide difference between them. The frames, forty-nine in number, are all double, except tlixi seven forward and three after cants, and are of oak, as are also the chain-plate frames, which extend in one piece from keel to gunwale. All the frames are mortised into the side of the keel, and those in the wake of the centre-board are dovetailed and keved. The koel is made of two oak losrs, each I)eing originally sixty feet long and twenty-three inches square. The stern-post is attached to the keel by a knee, to which it is bolted. The centre-board well is cut in the keel, twenty-three feet long and five inches wide. The oak keel is a))out sixty-eight feet long, and is in its widest part, along the centre-board slot, forty-six inches on top and forty inches on the bottom. The lead keel originally weighed thirty-seven tons, but this weight was increased subsequently. It was run in three moulds, to conform to the oak keel, the forward piece being al)out fourteen feet long, the middle one about twenty-three feet long, and the after piece about twenty feet long. Along the centre- board box this enormous mass of lead measures forty inches wide at the top, and sixteen inches at the lowest part. It is attached to the oak keel by heavy bolts of 3'ellow metal. The stem and the stern-post are of the best white oak. The latter has a rake of four feet and three inches in nine feet and eight inches. The centre-board is twenty-two feet long, ten feet deep, 56 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. and four inches thick. Its lower courses are of oak, and its upper ones of hard pine. Several hundred pounds of lead in the top serve to sink it easily. There are twelve iron floor timbers, — six forward and six aft of the centre- board box, which weigh about two tons, and serve as ballast as well as to strenffthen the vessel. The deck beams are of hackmatack, 6X5 inches. The deck is laid in the best white pine. The bulwarks are also of white pine, the rail of oak, and the stringers of yellow pine. The chain-plates are of iron, six in number, three on each side of the vessel. The main saloon is fifteen feet long, and of nearly the same beam as the yacht, the trimmings being of mahogany. There is an after state-room, seven feet long, with two berths; on the starboard side, forward of the main saloon, a large state-room, with modern conveniences, and on the port side, forward, several small state-rooms for the officers. The galley and forecastle are conveniently furnished and well lighted and ventilated. The sailing master selected for the Mayfloiver was Capt. Martin V. B. Stone, of Swampscott, Mass., who since his boyhood had had experience in sailing craft and had gained an excellent reputation as a sailing master of racing yachts, by his splendid handling of the speedy schooner yacht Halcyon, while she was owned by General Paine. The trial trip of the Mayflower was made on May 30, 1886, but did not afford an opportunity to show the real merits of the yacht, owing to the fact that the new sails sat very badly. Frequent trips in Massachusetts Bay caused an improvement in the sails ; but in several regattas PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 57 she was defeated by the Puritan, although she showed wonderful speed in running and reaching. Slight changes in spars, sails, and ballast were at once made, and resulted in some improvement in the sailing qualities of the yacht, for in the next contest in which she was entered — the annual cruise of the Xew York Yacht Club — she led the fleet of seventy vessels, the run being from Xew London, Conn., to Newport, R.I. In the race for the Goelet Cup for sloops, on Aug. 7, 1886, the Mayjiower was the victor, and over the whole course of forty-four miles she gave a wonderful perform- ance, defeating the fleet-footed Puritan, Atlantic, and Priscilla. General Paine, from the beginning of the season, had labored incessantly to remedy the defects natural to a new yacht, and to Mr. Burgess's skill in designing was added the valuable suggestions as to sails and ballasting which the owner of the craft had learned by long experience in yachting contests. To defend the challenge for the Amer- ica's Cup, which had been sent by Mr. J. Beavor-Webb in behalf of Lieut. William R. Henn, the owner of the British cutter Galatea, was General Paine's sole object for the enormous outlay of money in building the Mayjiower, and to his untiring energy was due the credit of bringing to the front the fleetest yacht that had ever been produced on American shores. After the changes in the Mayflower, which have been noted, had been made, the official meas- urements were as follows : — Lenffth over all, 100 feet : length on water-line, 85 feet 7 inches ; beam, 23 feet iV^ inches ; beam at water-line, 22 feet 3 inches; depth of hold, 8 feet inches; draught, 58 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 10 feet ; length of mast from deck to hounds, 63 feet ; length of top-mast, entire, 48 feet; length of boom, 80 feet ; length of gaff, 50 feet ; length of bowsprit, outboard, 38 feet; length of spinnaker-boom, G7 feet; displacement, 128 tons; ballast, inside and keel, 50 tons; sail area (New York Yacht Club rules), 8,634 square feet; racing meas- urement (Xew York Yacht Club rules), 87.99. In this condition the 3Iayfioiver prepared to do battle with the Galatea. THE ENGLISH CUTTER GALATEA. The English cutter Galatea., which was the challenging boat entered for the America's Cup races in 1886, was designed by Mr. J. Beavor-AVebb and owned l)y Lieut. William R. Henn, R.N. The Galatea was launched on May 1, 1885, having been built by Messrs. John Reid & Sons, of Port Glas- gow, Scot. The hull is wholly of steel, and the deck, fittings, bulwarks, and stanchions are of teak. Her keel is of steel, trough-shaped, into which eighty tons of lead were run, this being the total amount of ballast. The workmanship was of the finest order possible. Beneath her coat of paint, which is as smooth as glass, neither rivet nor butt is seen. Her inside fittings are excellent. The main saloon is panelled in walnut and ash, and was designed with much taste. The after-cabin is finished in Hungarian ash, and the cabinet w^ork is of beautiful design. Much difficulty was experienced in getting her in perfect trim, and in the races in which she took part in her first season she was particular!}^ unfortunate. In Q > r > > PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 59 three races she met with serious accidents, one of which was the carrying awa}^ of her mast close to the deck. She was entered in fifteen races during the season of 1885, but did not secure a first prize. Three second prizes were her only trophies, as in most of the events she was badly defeated by the crack English yachts Irex, Marjorie, Wendur, and ManjuerUe. At the end of the season the Galatea was thoroughly overhauled and her ballast recast lower than before. Her record in 1886 continued to be poor, for in the three races which she sailed in British waters she won but two second prizes. Many experiments were made with her main-sail, and a loose-footed one was finally deemed to be the best suited to her. Commanded by Capt. Daniel Bradford, an ex- perienced English navigator, the Galatea sailed for America on the 30th day of June, 188G, and dropped anchor in the harbor of Marblehead, Mass., on the evening of August 1, after an uneventful voyage. Subsequently she sailed for Xew York, where she was placed in a dry dock, to be overhauled and made ready for the Cup races. By the rules of the New York Yacht Club the official measurements of the Galatea were found to be as fol- lows : — Length over all, 102.60 feet; length on Avater-line, 86.80 feet; beam, 15 feet; draught, 13.50 feet; area of midship section, 110 feet; length of mast, deck to hounds, 53 feet; length of top-mast, 51 feet; length of boom, 73 feet ; length of gaft", 46 feet ; length of bowsprit, outboard, 37.60 feet; length of spinnaker-boom, 67 feet; ballast, 80 tons; displacement, 157.63 tons; sail area (Xew York 60 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. Yacht Club rules), 7,505 square feet; racing measurement (New York Yacht Club rules), 86.87. THE TRIAL RACES OF 1886. The first trial race took place on Saturday, Aug. 21, 1886, over the New York Yacht Club inside course ; dis- tance, 38 miles. The entries were : — Puritan^ centre-l)oard sloop, Boston, racing measurement, 83.85 ; Mayflower, centre-board sloop, Boston, racing meas- urement, 87.99; Atlantic, centre-board sloop. New York, racing measurement, 86.31 ; Priscilla, centre-board sloop. New York, racing measurement, 85.97. The Atlantic had been built during the previous winter for a sj'ndicate of New" York gentlemen, for the express purpose of defending the challenge for the Cup. She is a centre-board sloop, constructed of wood, and was designed by Mr. Philip Elsworth. ]\Ir. John F. Mumm, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was her builder, and she was launched on May 1, 1886. During the past year slight changes had been made in the rig of the Prlscilla, and she had passed into the hands of Mr, A. Cass Canfield. The wind was light from the east-south-east, and when the boats crossed the line the Atlantic held the weather posi- tion, with the Puritan on her lee-quarter and the Priscilla a trifle farther to leeward. The Mayfloicer was some dis- tance astern, but when she crossed was well up to wind- ward. The time of the start was: Atlantic, 10:12:07; Puritan, 10 : 12 : 50 ; Priscilla, 10 : 13 : 20 ; Mai/flower, 10 : 14 : 26. The Mar/flower, 2 minutes 19 seconds in the rear PAIXE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 61 of the Adandc, began to force the battle at the start. Pointed high in the wind, she went along at a pace which the Puritan could not hold so close to the wind. She gradually closed up on the latter, and in the run to the light- ship passed the two Xew-Yorkers. The lightship was rounded by the Mayflower at 1 : 36 : 40 ; by the Atlantic at 1 : 44 : 40 ; by the Puritan at 1 : 46 : 05 ; and by the Priscilla at 1:50:10; and the}' all started homeward with their spinnakers out. The Mayflower continued to widen the gai), and at the finish line led the Atlantic, her nearest compet- itor, by over a mile. THE SUMMARY OF THE FIRST RACE. Course. — 38 miles; Xew York Yacht Club inside course. Wind. — Light ; east-south-east. Sandy Hook Elapsed Corrected Start. Finish. , ^. Lightship. lirae. Time. H. M. 9. H. M. S. H. M. 9. H. M. S. H. M. S. Mayflower . . 10 14: 26 1 36 40 3 51 10 5 36 44 5 36 44 Atlantic . . . 10 12 07 1 44 40 4 00 42 5 48 35 5 47 34 Puritan . . . 10 12 50 1 46 05 4 03 11 5 50 21 5 47 55 Priscilla . . . 10 13 20 1 50 10 4 09 45 5 56 25 5 55 13 The Mayflower won by 10 minutes 50 seconds, corrected time. The Mayflower allowed the Atlantic 1 minute 1 second ; the Priscilla, 1 minute 12 seconds; the Puritan, 2 minutes 26 seconds. On Monday, August 23, an attempt was made to sail the second trial-race, but after the yachts had sailed ten miles the wind gave out, and a postponement resulted. The 62 PxlINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. Puritan was then in the lead, the Mayflower second, the Priscilla third, and the Atlantic,, which had carried away her top-mast, was out of the race. The second trial race occurred on Wednesday, August 25, over a course fifteen miles to leeward and return. The wind was north-north-east, and the run was south-south-west, the start being from Sandy Hook Lightship, three miles farther out than the Scotland Lightship. With a steady 20-knot breeze, the race proved to be a grand one. The Mayflower started with a handicap of 2 minutes 25 seconds, but nearly over- hauled her rivals before the outer mark was reached. The beat homeward showed that the Mayflower was the superior of the other flyers in strong winds as much as she had been in light winds, and at the finish she led the Puritan by half a mile, and the others by over a mile. THE SUxMMARY OF THE SECOND RACE. Course. — 30 miles; 15 miles to leeward and return, starting from Sandy Hook Lightship. Wind. — 20 miles an hour ; north-north-east. -c •• 1 Elapsed Corrected Start. Outer Mark. Finish. Time. Time. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. JI. S. H. SI. S. H. M. S. Mayflower . . 12 09 00 2 21 31 4 50 45 4 41 49 4 41 49 Puritan . . . 12 07 36 2 22 30 4 55 05 4 47 29 4 45 36 Priscilla ... 12 09 00 2 23 17 4 59 47 4 50 47 4 49 50 Atlantic. . . 12 06 38 2 20 02 4 58 58 4 52 20 4 51 32 The Mayfloiver won by 3 minutes 47 seconds, corrected time. The Mayflower allowed the Atlantic 48 seconds ; "»!■('■ '■t'ifitii'' < o Q Z . < s ^ CO u ^ ^ s o £ I I UJ r ^ ML, . •^ LU S o LU u PQ W O < PAIXE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 63 the Pnscilla, 57 seconds; the Puritan, 1 minute 53 sec- onds. The committee immediately selected the JMayfloicer as the defender of the challenge for the America's Cup. THE CUP RACES OF 1886. The Fikst Kace, Tuesday, Sept. 7. — The course chosen for the first race was the regular one of the New York Yacht Club, starting from buoy 18, Xew York harbor, and the same as the one sailed over by the Puriian and Genesta in the " inside " race of the previous year. Interest in yachting in general, and in this event in particular, had been intensified by the races of 1885, and throughout the country news of the progress of the strug- gle was eagerly sought. In Boston the enthusiasm of the previous season was unabated. At the scene of the contest there was the same dazzling picture as before. Speedy and costly steam yachts mingled with lowly craft of all descriptions. Saih'ng yachts, with huge spread of canvas, darted hither and thither to avoid the immense flotilla of tugs, steamers, and steam yachts, and the shores on both sides were black with people, who all day long gazed upon the grand marine spectacle. The wind was from the south, compelling the yachts to beat down the Narrows, and was very light. As the pros- pect that it would increase in force was good, the com- mittee having charge of the race decided to start the boats, and the preparatory signal was given. Then there began the most skilful sailing for position of which yachtsmen are capable, and sharp tactics were resorted to. 64 PAINE-BUKGESS TESTIMONIAL. The Galatea, however, held the most advantageous position, and was able to keep it until the signal for the start was given, when she shot over the line at 10:56:11; the Mayjloiver following at 10:56:12 o'clock. Both yachts crossed on the starboard tack, the Mayflower carrying her main-sail, club-top-sail, forestay-sail, jib and jib-top-sail, and the Galatea the same, except that her jib-top-sail was not set. The start was a magnificent one, and was ac- companied by a deafening roar of cannon and shriek of whistles from the attendant fleet. The Galatea being to windward, the Mayflower made an efi'ort to prevent being blanketed, and soon crept a few feet to the front. The visitor, however, was pointing closer into the Avind. As they neared the Bay Ridge shore, the sloop had a lead of two hundred feet, and, going about on the port tack, was nearly on even terms. The Galatea tacked immediately, and showed herself to be much quicker in stays. In standing toward the Staten Island shore, the cutter was jammed so closely into the wind that she moved heavily through the water, and the Mayflower was making a very perceptible gap between herself and her rival. Both were affected by the strong flood-tide which was setting them to leeward, the Galatea suffering more than the Mayflower. At 11:03:30 the cutter's jib-top-sail was run up, but it did not prevent the Mayflower from still drawing away from her. As the yachts approached the Stapleton shore they found a large schooner anchored in their path. The Mayflower tried to weather it, and by luffing succeeded, but the Enojlish boat was obliged to go to leeward of it. Both kept close to the shore, the sloop going about at 11:13:30, and the cutter at 11:14:30 o'clock. PAIXE-BL'HGESS TESTIMONIAL. 65 On this stretch the Mayfower made a considerable gain. She did not attempt to sail so high into the wind, hut under skilful handling kept good headway-, and in the light wind did creditable work. Mr. Beavor-Webb held the tiller of the iron boat, and Captain Stone was at the Mayflower'' s wheel, while the assistance and suggestions of IMessrs. Paine and Burgess were invalual>le. The Galatea w^as l)eing pinched hard to otfset in windward work what the Mayflower was doing in outfooting her, and was fully a quarter of a mile astern when the latter tacked, at I'l : 22 : 20. Short tacks ensued, the Mayflower making fifteen and the Galatea sixteen from the start to Imoy 10, the sloop then leading fully three-fourths of a mile. The Mayfloicer rounded l)uoy 8i at 1:01: 51, and the Galatea at 1 : 07 : 07. From this j)oint to the end of Sandy Hook the Galatea decreased the gap by holding l^etter to wind- ward against the tide than did the American boat. It was one long reach to the Sandy Hook Lightship, and the May- flower's splendid sailing qualities added three minutes more to her advantage. She rounded the lightship on the star- board tack at 2 : 8.5 : 02, and her immense balloon jib-top- sail was immediately broken out. The Galatea rounded at 2:44:13, and likewise set her balloon jib-top-sail, though by no means with the skill displayed by the Yankee crew. In the reach back to the Hook, the sloop gained three minutes more, and passed l)uoy 8J at 3.34, followed by the Galatea at 3. 40 o'clock. With a slightly freshening wind, the boats began their run home before it, though the Boston boat did not set her spinnaker until she was within a mile of the finish. Five minutes before the cutter's spinnaker had been set, 'and both boats were 66 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. bowlins along at good speed, accompanied by the fleet of steam craft which crowded in on all sides. The Mayflower finished at 5:26:41, with a lead of one and one-half miles, and the Galatea at 5:39:21. Each received a salute, which continued for many minutes, steam-whistles and cannons soundinsj their loud acclaim. THE SUMMAEY OF THE RACE. CouESE. — 38 miles ; New York Yacht Club inside course. Wind. — Light; south. Sandy Hook Buoy 81 Elapsed Coireeted Start. Buoy Si " Finisli. ^ Lightship, (ret'g). Time. Time. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. JI. S. H. M. S. H. 31. S. H. M. S. Mayflower . 10 56 12 1 01 51 2 35 02 3 34 00 4 22 53 5 26 41 5 26 41 Galatea .. 10 56 11 1 07 07 2 44 13 3 46 00 4 35 32 5 39 21 5 38 43 The Mayfloiver won by 12 minutes 2 seconds, corrected time. The Mayflower allowed the Galatea 38 seconds. The Second Day, Thursday, Sept. 9. — A Postpone- ment. — On Thursday, September 9, the day fixed for the second race, the weather was anything but favorable. There was a light rain, a fog, at times thick, and a moderate breeze east by north. The course was to be twenty miles to windward from the Scotland Lightship and return to the starting-point, and the yachts, anticipating bad weather, carried none of their flying kites. The Galatea had reefed her bowsprit and carried a No. 2 jib, working-top-sail, PAINE-BUKGESS TESTIMONIAL. (37 forestay-sail, and main-sail. The start was made with the boats on the starboard tack, the Mayflower being a trifle to windward. The latter crossed at 11:30:30, and the Galatea at 11 : 30 : 32. The sloop slowly drew ahead, the wind meanwhile becoming lighter and lighter. Club-top-sails were set in place of working ones. The run out was uninteresting, it being almost certain that the race would not be tinishecl. The fog had become so thick that it was impossible to judge of the relative positions of the l)oats, and the committee's boat, Luckenhach, had difficulty in finding the mark-boat. At 4 : 26 : 22 the Mayflower rounded the mark, and, with spinnaker set to port, began her homeward run. The Galatea, failed to find the mark-boat, and turned her prow homeward, but did not thereby lose the race, as the Mayfloicer failed to reach the lightship within the time-limit. It was a day which could hardly be exceeded in discomfort and disappointment. The Second Race, Saturday, Sept. 11. — The Cup races for 1886 came to an end on Saturday, September 11, when the Mayflower showed her heels to the English cutter, and won the race and the Cup. The run was twent}' miles to leeward and return, starting from Scotland Lightship, and the wind at the start was from the north-west at the rate of twelve miles an hour. With spinnaker to port the Mayflower flew over the starting-line at 11:22:40. and immediately broke out her balloon jib-top-sail, the Galatea crossing at 11:24:10, and setting her spinnaker just after she crossed. The skill with which the sloop was handled had given her an advantage at the start. She was under the influence of her big canvas in iroino: over the line, and 68 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. started off at great speed. The Galatea followed directly in her wake, but, l)eiiig over a niinute behind, failed to take the wind out of the Mayfloirers sails. In fact, the Boston sloop was constantly making the distance between them greater and greater. It was a steady gain, and as mile after mile was covered the lead showed the remarkable powers of the sloop. The Galatea's balloon jib-top-sail had not been set, but it was claimed that sailing before the wind was the strong point of the English l)oat. However, the sloop outfooted her all the time, and when the latter took in her spinnaker, a mile from the mark-boat, the cutter was a mile and a half astern. The Mayfloioer jibed before reaching the mark, and rounded, at 1 : 55 : 05, on the star- board tack. At the same time the Galatea's spinnaker was taken in, and it was not until 2 : 10 : 20 that she rounded, the Mayfloioer in the meantime making a great increase in her lead. The cutter rounded on the starl)oard tack, and began her windward work with main-sail, clulj-top-sail, forestay-sail, jib, and jib-top-sail, and the Mayflower carried the same, excepting the jib-top-sail. Both stood oft' on this tack for a long time, during which the Mayflower kept working up to windward more than her rival, although the latter was then giving the best display of her abilities that had thus far been seen. At 4 o'clock the Mayflower had made but two tacks since leaving the mark-boat, and the Galatea had not gone about at all since rounding. Both were standing in close to the New Jersey' shore in the hope of getting more wind. For an hour the breeze had been dying out, and the sloop was the greater loser. The Galatea then began to reduce the Mayflower's lead, which at one time had been over two miles ; but soon after 4 o'clock the PAINE-BUHGESS TESTIMONIAL. (39 racers became almost l)ecalmed. A light breeze soon after sprang up, and the sloop was the first to get the advantage of it. The American boat was well up to windward and closer in shore, and here she ran away from the cutter, which could not get the benefit of the light ofi-shore breeze. At 5.30 o'clock, with the Mayflower about four miles from the finish, and the Galatea nearly the same distance astern of her, the wind again decreased. The yachts moved lazily along, and for a time it was doubtful if the race could be finished within the time-limit. It was a most unsatisfactory exhibition of yacht-racing ; but the Mayfloiver finally reached the goal, with but eleven minutes of the seven hours to spare. Former demonstrations in honor of the Boston sloop wxre repeated by the thousands of excursionists, and the Mayfloicer was proclaimed the winner of the America's Cui). THE SUMMARY OF THE RACE. Course. — 20 miles to leeward and return, starting from Scotland Lightship. Wind. — 12 miles an hour at the start, averaging al)out 4 miles an hour during last half of the race ; northwest. Outer Elapsed Corrected start. Finish. Mark. Time. Time. H. M. S. H. M. S. U. M. S. U. M. S. H. M. S. Mayflower . . 11 22 in 1 o.o 05 G 11 1<» C 41) 00 (> 4'J 00 Galatea . . . 11 24 10 2 10 20 (i 42 58 7 1« 48 7 18 09 The Mayflower won by 29 minutes 9 seconds, cor- rected lime. The Mayflower allowed the Galatea 39 seconds. 70 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. In July, 1887, General Paine disposed of the Mayflower to Mr. E. D. Morgan, of the New York Yacht Club, her present owner. THE THISTLE'S CHALLENGE IN 1887. In the fall of the year 1886 the New York Yacht Club was notified by the Royal Clyde Yacht Clul) of an intention to challenge for the America's Cup, and the cutter Thistle was named as the Scottish representative. The formal chal- lenge was received from Mr. William York, secretary of the Eo3'al Clyde Club, on March 28, 1887, and was accepted on the following day. In addition to several suggestions of minor importance, Mr. York asked that there be five instead of three races, and that they be sailed in October. This request, however, the Cup committee decided not to grant, and the races were arranged for September, under the same regulations as in the previous year. THE STEEL CENTRE-BOARD SLOOP VOLUNTEER. During the fiill of 1886 Mr. George L. Watson, the leading yacht designer of Great Britain, had visited Amer- ica, and, by a careful inspection of our fleetest boats, had obtained man}'' valuable ideas in regard to yacht-designing and building, and on his return to Scotland had begun work on the plans of the cutter Thistle, the challenger for the America's Cup in 1887. It was then reported that his forthcoming yacht would be of phenomenal speed, combining the best points of American as well as Eng- lish racers. But General Paine and Mr. Burgess were < o r G «s I'AIXK-BI'RGESS TESTIMONIAL. 71 not content to rest upon their past achievements, and were determined to show that America could also improve in yacht-designing. Again did General Paine assert his patriotic spirit, and again did Mr. Burgess display his skill. When the measurements of the Tliiatle became known, in the spring of 1887, Mr. Burgess immediately began work on the designs of a steel centre-board sloop of about the same water-line length as the TIiiMle, and General Paine im- mediately stepped to the front in defence of the Cup, and bore the entire expense of building and fitting out a yacht from the new designs. The result was the Volunteer, the fastest sloop in the world. The builders were Messrs. Pusey & Jones, of Wilmington, Del. The Thistle was then nearly ready to be launched and put in proper trim, and it was necessary that speedy work should be done to build the Volunteer in time to give her a thorough trial before her contest for the America's Cup. In consequence of the limited time, the plating of the steel hull was not as smooth as it would otherwise have l)een. The Volunteer''s ballast is stowed two feet lower than the oak keels will allow in the Puritan and Mayfloicer, and this gives her greater stability than the two latter boats possess. The frames arc of steel, spaced twenty-one inches on centres, and along the centre-board well there are twenty-two angle-iron frames. The well is j)lated with steel. The outside plating is steel, and is flushed from keel to gunwale. The keel-plating, three-fourths of an inch in thickness, is riveted to transverse frames. In the trough in which the ballast is stowed there is a steel tioor- plate at each frame, and in these spaces molten lead was run, thus making solid ballast. The deck-beams are made 72 FAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. of angle iron, 3x4xY^g inches thick. To counteract the strain of the mast, the frames along the sides, opposite the mast, are strengthened by steel brackets riveted to the frames and deck beams. At the turn of the bilge, and between the cabin floor and keel, the hull is stift'ened by two thick steel strakes. The planksheer is of white pine. The waist has locust stanchions and the rail is of oak. Her deck is flush and of white pine. Her bow, unlike the Cup defenders of 1885 and 1886, is an overhanging one, but the stern differs very slightly. Conn)ared with the Mayfloiver she has less beam and more bilo^e. Her oreatest vantage point over the Mayfloiver, however, is in her lower centre of gravity. Her chain-plates run along the frames on the inside of the plating, thus leaving her sides clean. The bowsprit is a reefing one, the first to be put on a Burgess sloop of the first class, and it can be shortened eight feet. Steel wire is used for the main rigging, and above, as well as below, decks, the strongest and best materials were employed in her construction. On each side of the centre- board box there is a passage, and leading out of each there are tw^o state-rooms, which are conveniently fitted up and neatly furnished. The main saloon contains two berths on each side, and aft there is a good-sized state- room. The quarters of the crew are roomy, light, and well ventilated. There is ample room, and, Avhile it was sought to attain speed, it should not be inferred that the Volunteer is a mere racing-machine. Minor changes only were made in her during the season, and her meas- urements at the time of the Cup races were as follows : — Length over all, 106.23 feet; length on water-line, 85.88 feet; beam, 23 feet 2 inches; draught, 10 feet; length of PAINE-BUKGESS TESTIMONIAL. 73 mast, from deck to hounds, 03 feet; length of topmast, 48 feet; length of boom, 84 feet; length of gaff, 51 feet 6 inches; length of bowsprit, outboard, 38 feet; length of spinnaker-boom, 67 feet ; displacement, 130 tons ; ballast, inside and keel, 55 tons; sail area (New York Yacht Club rules), 9,260 square feet; racing measurement (New York Yacht Club rules), 89.35. Capt. Henry Hatf, of Islip, L.I., was selected as sailing master of the new boat during the season of 1887. He had many times sailed the sloop Fanny, of New York, to victory, and was, through long experience in 3^acht sailing, in every wa}- competent to handle the new Burgess boat. The maiden trip of the Volunteer^ under sail, was made on July 21, 1887, and she gave great satisf\\ction. She subsequently proved to be a marvellous boat. Mr. Burgess had not only exceeded his previous efforts, but he had produced a boat which, under the skilful guidance of General Paine, was the wonder of the yachting world. Her record was phenomenal, and durinsr the whole season was one lono; list of victories for Boston skill and enterprise. Though racing with new and unstretched sails, she readily ran away from the fleet- footed Mayfloicer , Puritan, Atlantic, and Priscilla, capt- uring the Goelet Cup, in a race off Newport, on August 5 ; the Morgan Cup, in a run from Vineyard Haven to Marblehead, on August 8 and 9; the "Boston Herald" Cup,^ ' The " Herald " Cup is undoubtedly the most elaborate, aud also the most costly, trophy that has ever been contended for in yachtinir circles in our waters. It is of solid silver, .925 fine, and is said to be the largest piece of silver work ever made in Boston. It is in the form of a large bowl resting upon four conch-shells, beautifully modelled. Its weight is 310 ounces; it measures 16 inches across the top, and has a capacity of 74 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. in a race off Marblehead, on August 11 ; and the Provi- dence and Newport Citizens' Cups, on August 15 and 16. The value of these trophies was about $4,000. THE SCOTCH CUTTER THISTLE. The Scotch cutter Thistle was designed for the express purpose of competing for the America's Cup. The failures of the Genesia and Galatea to capture the coveted trophy had aroused the enthusiasm of the Scotchmen, and in September, 1886, a party of Clyde yachtsmen determined to issue a challenge and send to America a boat of Scottish design and build and manned by a Scottish crew. The money for building the new boat was subscribed by Messrs. John Clark, Commodore of the Royal Clyde Yacht Clul), Wil- liam Clark, Andrew Coates, William Coates, James Coates, George Coates, J. Hilliard, James Bell, Vice-Commodore of the Royal Clyde Yacht Club, and William Bell. The designer was Mr. Georoe L. Watson, the most skilful naval architect in the British Isles. Aided by the knowledge gained from a careful study of our yachts and 5 gallons. The shells which form the feet were modelled from the finest varieties of a conchologist, castings being made and exact fac-simile of eaeh produced. The three sides, or panels, of the cup are alike in design, except that the shields bear different legends. Every raised line and indentation seems typical of the sea. Mermaids or water- nymphs rise out of the crest of the swelling ocean and hold aloft garlands of marine plants with which to crown the victor, and also display conch-shells, typical of success. Down deeper in the trough of the sea is old Xcptune, struggling bravely upward, with an ancient form of paddle in his right hand, while with his left he holds aloft a shield bearing the record of victorj-, and under his arm is a sea-horse, from which outpours a rush of water which Hows through the kelp and weeds and pads which everywhere abound. The handles and sockets are made to i-epresent aquatic plants, and even the rim of the cup, in its undulating form, suggests the wave-motion of the sea. I — ( CO H r PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 75 the waters in which the Cup races in America are sailed, he delivered to the syndicate the plans of a cutter which was destined to eclipse the performances of all of Eno-land's most famous racers. The new boat, which was su1)se- quently named the Thistle, was built by Messrs. D. & W. Henderson, at Partick. The utmost secrecy in regard to her was preserved from the outset. The yard in which she was built was kept securely locked, and every effort was made to keep her water-line length a secret. Even when she was launched, on April 26, 1887, she was covered with canvas, to hide her lines from the eyes of the public. The ThUtle is a steel cutter, and differs from the modern English cutter in having her forefoot more cut away and in her greater beam. Her sides are much rounder, and flare up from the load water-line to the planksheer. Her hull is plated with the best Siemens- Martin steel, the lower plates being three-quarters, and the upper five-sixteenths, of an inch thick. The three lower strakes have lap seams, but the top body is plated flush. The frames are of unusual strength, and are tied by steel diagonals, stringers, keelsons, and floorings, forming a net- work of the most secure description. Partial bulkheads give still further strength, and there is also, forward, a collision bulkhead. The keel is of lead, which weiirhs about seventy tons, and is placed about three feet lower than is the Yolunteef s . Her channels and chain-plates are placed outside, as usual on English vessels. The stern- post shows considerable rake, and the bow is a clipper one, and very handsome. She has a reefing bowsprit, which can be shortened six feet. The sweep of the deck is particularly easy. The cover- 76 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. ing boards are of teak, and the deck fittings, which are of the same material, are arranged to give the greatest pos- sible space for the handling of the yacht. Her bulwarks are low, mahogany-stained inside, and finished with a neat rail of elm. The companion-way is handsomely finished in teak and mahogany, and the main saloon in American walnut. The latter is very roomy, of the full width of the yacht, is upholstered in cretonne, and is handsomely fur- nished. A ladies' cabin, aft, is conveniently arranged. Just forward of the main saloon are the oflacers' rooms and the galley, which, with the forecastle, are well furnished and lighted. The forecastle accommodates twenty men, iron swing-ino; berths beinoj used. The main risfsinsr is of steel, and the jib-halliards are of galvanized iron chain. Her career up to the time of her sailing for this country eclipsed that of any other British yacht, and was, indeed, remarkable. In her first race, on May 28, 1887, she easily defeated the Irex and Genesta, and in fifteen races, in the following five weeks, she won eleven first and two other prizes, amounting to over $3,000, defeating all of England's crack yachts. Commanded by Capt. John Barr, of Gourock, Scotland, one of the foremost racing 3'acht captains of Great Britain, the Thistle sailed for America on July 25, the Scotch people confidently believing that she would return with the America's Cup. The measurements required by the rules of the New York Yacht Club are all that have ever been officially given to the public; but the others, given below, are believed to be correct : — Length over all, 108.50 feet; length on water-line, 86.46 feet; beam, about 20.35 feet; draught, about 13.80 feet; PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 77 length of mast, from deck to hounds, about 62 feet ; length of top-mast, about 45 feet; length of boom, about 80 feet; length of gaff, about 50 feet; length of bowsprit, outboard, about 38 feet; length of spinnaker-boom, about 70 feet; ballast, about 70 tons ; displacement, about 138 tons ; sail area (New York Yacht Club rules), 8,968 square feet; racing measurement (New York Yacht Club rules), 89.20. THE TRIAL RACES OF 1887. On September 13, the first of the trial races of American sloops was started over the New York Yacht Club inside course. The only entries were the Volunteer, centre-board sloop, Boston, and the Maijfloirer, centre-board sloop, New York. During the season the spar-plan of the Mayflower had been slightly altered. After the yachts had started the wind subsided, and a postponement was made. On September 15 another attempt was made to have the trial, but the boats did not start, owinff to a lack of wind. The next trial race, which proved to be the decisive one, was sailed on September IG, over an irregular course, start- ing from the Scotland Lightship. The mark-buoys were so placed as to give the yachts all kinds of sailing. The wind was strong from the nortli-west by north, and the boats were given a ten-mile run south-east by south, then a nine-mile leg west-south-west ; thence back to the first mark, and a beat back to the starting-point; distance, 38 miles. On only one leg did the Mayflower outsail the Volunteer, and then only by 22 seconds. The Volunteer's performance satisfied the committee that another trial was not necessary. 78 ]?AINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. THE SUMMARY OF THE RACE. Course. — 38 miles; 10 miles, south-east by south, start- ing from Scotland Lightship ; thence 9 miles, west-south- west ; thence back, around the first mark, to the starting- point. Wind. — Varying from 8 to 12 miles an hour; north- west by north. First Second Third Elapsed Start. Finisli. „. Mark. Mark. Mark. Time. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. JI. 8. H. 31. S. H. M. S. H. M. S. Volunteer ... 11 11 57 12 17 4.3 1 03 2.3 1 50 32 3 32 46^ 4 20 49^ Mayflower. . . 11 14 43 12 20 07 1 07 10 1 .56 18 3 51 341 4 36 51^ The Volunteer defeated the Mayflower 16 minutes 2-| sec- onds, elapsed time. The committee immediately decided that the Volunteer was the better all-around boat, and notified General Paine that she had lieen selected to sail against the Thistle for the Cup. THE CUP RACES OF 1887. The First Race, Tuesday, September 27. — The first of the great Cup races of 1887 occurred on Tuesday, September 27, and was sailed over the inside course. The excitement over the event was even greater than that over the two previous contests for the Cup, and there was a strong feeling of doubt as to the result, owing to the splendid record of the Thistle and to the secrecy in regard to her model. It was a struggle between the fleetest yachts which Grqat Britain and America had ever produced, and the hundreds of steam and sailing craft PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 79 which were massed about the starting-point, ready to chase the racers, formed a picture which was beautiful in the extreme. The contest was closely followed, not only by the people of this country, who eagerly watched the bulletins of the race, but by the people all over the British Isles, where the excitement ran high. The TliistJe had shown that she was best adapted to a light wind, and, as that was the kind of a breeze in which the race was started, a close contest was looked for. After waiting two hours for the wind to freshen, the first signal gun was fired at 12.20 o'clock, and the racers, with main-sails, club-top-sails, foresta3^-sails, jibs, and jib- top-sails set, played about the line, each trying to secure the more advantageous position. The Thistle was the first to cross, at 12:33:06, and went over on the port tack, close up to the windward end of the line, — the wind then being light from the southward. The Volunteer followed directly in her wake, and crossed on the same tack at 12:34:58| o'clock. The moment the beautiful white sloop crossed she began to close up the gap of five hundred faeX which existed between them, and as she overhauled her rival cheer after cheer burst from the thousands of spectators. The Thistle was being held close to the wind, but just before the Volunteer reached her she went about on the starboard tack and headed for the Bay Ridge shore. The Thistle's skipper evidently believed that the Volunteer would blanket him, and he made the tack, in the hope that the sloop would follow him and thus be under his lee. The Volunteer, however, kept on her course. On this tack the Thistle drew out of the wind and into the strons: tide, and as the Volunteer was holding the breeze well, the cutter again 80 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. went about and stood over toward her. At 12.47 o'clock the Volunteer tacked to starboard, crossed the Thistle's bow, and held the weather position. It was a move which served to firmly fix the belief in the sloop, and it was heartily applauded. The Volunteer' now seemed to get a stronger breeze and increased her pace, Avhile the Thistle sailed lazily, and with her sails hardly filled. At half an hour from the start the Volunteer had a lead of more than an eighth of a mile, and at buoy 13 she was fully a half-mile to the fore. Not only was she draw- ino- away, but she was pointing higher into the wind than the cutter. For a short time after this the wind shifted and decreased somewhat in force, both boats ftiring alike ; but it soon increased, and the Volunteer was the first to get the benefit. At buoy 10 the sloop led the cutter by over a mile, and was much farther to windward. She passed the l)uoy at 2 : 21 : 03, and the Thistle did not round until 2 : 36 : 45 o'clock. The second quarter of the course — from buoy 8^ to the Sandy Hook Lightship — was a reach of about ten miles, and the Volunteer made it on a long starboard tack. She rounded the lightship at 3 : 42 : 12, having added over three minutes to her lead since leaving buoy 10. She made a splendid homeward run, meeting the Thistle about a mile and a quarter from the lightship. The latter was rounded by the Scotch boat at 4 : 01 : 15 o'clock. At buoy 8^ the Volunteer broke out her spinnaker, and proudly sailed up the last stretch of the course, with the grandest convoy of steam vessels that ever accompanied a yacht. The finish line was reached at 5 : 28 : 16| o'clock, and then there arose a din of cono-ratulation which could not be excelled. The Thistle's PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 81 homeward run was her best work of the clay. Under her enormous silk spinnaker, which ahnost hid her hull, she gained one minute and twenty-six seconds on the Volunteer, from the lightship to the finish line. She was a badly- beaten boat, but the demonstration in her honor, at the end of the race, was as grand as the one to the victor. THE SUMMARY OF THE RACE. Course. — 38 miles ; New^ York Yacht Club inside course. Wind. — Average force about 8 knots an hour ; south at the start, then west, backing to south-west during the first half of the race, and south-east durino- the remainder. r,, , „ ,„ Sandy Hook Elapsed Corrected Start. Buoy 10. Finish. Lightship. Time. Time. H. M. s. Volunteer . . . . 12 24 58J Thistle 12 33 06 The Volunteer defeated the Thistle by 19 minutes 23 1 seconds, corrected time. The Volunteer allowed the Thistle 5 seconds. On Thursday, September 29, the day set for the second race, the wind was so light that the yachts did not start. The Second Eace w^as Sailed on September 30, the course being tw^enty miles to windward, starting from the Scotland Lightship, and back to the starting-point. The wind was east by north, blowing at the rate of twelve knots an hour, and as it was raining, and there was a good sea on, the H. M. S. H. M. S. U. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. 8. 2 21 03 3 42 12 5 28 16i 4 53 18 4 53 18 2 36 45 4 01 15 5 45 52i 5 12 463 5 12 41; 82 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. yachts had a line opportunity to sliow their abilities in heavj' weather. The manoeuv^res for position at the start resulted in the Volunteer getting the advantage. The Thistle went over the line at 10: 40: 21, and the Volunteer at 10: 40: 50 1 , the latter being on the weather quarter of the cutter. The outer mark-boat was stationed east by north, twenty miles distant, and ])oth yachts started olf for it on the starboard tack. With sails trimmed flat and rigid as boards, the yachts rushed almost bow and bow through five or six miles of the heavy sea, and made a beautiful race. They were both jammed close to the wind, but the Volunteer could hold herself higher than her rival, and during this tack she crept foot by foot to windward of the Scotch boat, although not outfooting her. At 11.48 o'clock the Thistle went about on the port tack, she then being well in toward the Long Island shore. The Volunteer continued on her course, and crossed the bows of the cutter with fully five minutes to spare. Such was her gain in the first hour and a quarter of the race. The sloop tacked to port at 1 : 51 : 40 o'clock, and l)oth stood oft' on this tack for an hour, during which the Boston boat continued to draw up to windward more than did the visitor. The Thistle went about on the starboard tack at 12.51, and the Volunteer followed at 1.10 o'clock. Fifteen minutes later the latter set her club-top-sail over the gaff'-top-sail and soon split tacks, standing out to sea, while the Thistle kept on along the shore. But one more tack was necessary, and the sloop accordingly, at 2.20 o'clock, tacked to starboard, and began her run to weather the outer mark-boat, which was a mile away. She rounded the mark at 2: 20: 40^ o'clock, and it was not until 2.41 5^ Q CO «r • — I . •■— Q CD ^ 03 ■ or Uj kT) NO N^ "SO ^ tr CO o or o ^^S > - O) «o Cl^ < 00 O < O < S PAIXE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 83 o'clock that the TliiMle rciiched the same point. The Volunteer had beaten the Thistle nearly fifteen minutes in their twenty-mile race to windward. The sloop's spinnaker was set with fjreat caution, and she was soon bowlino; along with that and her main-sail, club-top-sail, and balloon jib-top-sail. Immediately after rounding, the Thistle's bal- loon jib-top-sail and spinnaker were set, the latter, as was the Volunteer's, being to port. Here the cutter showed her running powers, and went along at a pace which was faster than the sloop's, although she could not overhaul the latter. In the run of twenty miles before the wind, her gain was two minutes fifty-four and one- half seconds. When four miles from the finish line the Thistle took in her spinnaker ; the Volunteer, a mile ahead, also taking in hers at the same time. In these relative positions the racers bore down on the lightship, l^oth being on the port tack. The Volunteer crossed the line at 4 : 23 : 47, and the Thistle at 4 : 35 : 12 o'clock. The Boston slooj) had won the race, and was proclaimed the winner of the America's Cup, while cannons and steam whistles rent the air, and cheer after cheer added to the tumult. THE SUMMARY OF THE RACE. Course. — 40 miles ; 20 nautical miles to windward, starting from Scotland Lightship, and returning to the starting-point. Wind. — Average force, 14 knots an hour; east by north at the start, then hauling to east-south-east and backino- to ea>t. 84 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. Elapsed Corrected Start. Outer mark. Finisli. „. „,. lime. lime. H. M. S. H. M. S. H. M. 8. H. M. S. H. SI. 8. Voliuiteer .... 10 40 50f 2 26 40i 4 23 47 5 42 56^ 5 42 56^ Thistle 10 40 21 2 41 00 4 35 12 5 54 51 5 54 45 The Volunteer defeated the Thistle by 11 minutes 48 1 seconds, corrected time. The Vblunteei' allowed the 'Thistle 6 seconds. CONTESTS FOR THE CUP. Record of the Struggles in American Waters. — Since the America's Cup came into the custody of the New York Yacht Club there have been seven contests for it, as follows : — FIHST CONTEST. Winner. Loser. American schooner Magic . . . British schooner Cambria. SECOND CONTEST. American schooner CoUirabia , . British schooner Livonia. , American schooner Columbia . . British schooner Livonia. British schooner Livonia .... American schooner Columbia. American schooner Sappho . . British schooner Livonia. American schooner Sappho . . . British schooner Livonia. THIRD CONTEST. , American schooner Madelaine . . Canadian schooner Countess of Dufferin. American schooner Madelaine . . Canadian schooner Countess of DufFerin. FOURTH CONTEST. , American sloop Mischief .... Canadian sloop Atalanta. . American sloop Mischief .... Canadian sloop Atalanta. FIFTH CONTEST. . American sloop Puritan .... British cutter Genesta. . American sloop Puritan .... British cutter Genesta. SIXTH CONTEST. . American sloop Mayflower . . . British cutter Galatea. . American sloop Mayflower . . . British cutter Galatea. SEVENTH CONTEST. . American sloop Volunteer . . . Scotch cutter Thistle. . American sloop Volunteer . . . Scotch cutter Thistle. 1S70. Aug. 8. 1871. Oct. 16. Oct. 18. Oct. 19. Oct. 21 . Oct. 23 . 1876. Aug. 11. Aug. 12. 1881. Nov. 9. Nov. 10. 1885. Sept. 14. Sept. 16. 1886. Sept. 7 . Sept. 11. 1887. Sept. 27. Sept. 30. THE AMERICA'S CUP NEW DEED OF GIFT TO THE NEW YORK YACHT CLUB. THE AMERICA'S CUP m^\ DEED OF GIFT TO THE XEW YOEK YACHT CLUB. THE AMERICA'S CUP. The America's Cup, erroneously called the Queen's Cup, is the one-hundred-guinea cup given by the Eoyal Yacht Squadron of England to be competed for by yachts of all nations. It was the first international trophy ever oflered, and is emblematic of the yachting supremacy of the world. It was won by the schooner-yacht America at Cowes, England, Aug. 22, 1851, and has been retained in this country ever since. It is of solid silver, and elabo- rately ornamented, standing fulh- two feet liigh and weigh- ing at least one hundred ounces. Around its broadest part are medallions, variously inscribed. The first is as follows : "One Hundred Guinea Cup, won August 22, 1S.")1, at Cowes, England, by yacht America, at the RoA'al Yacht Squadron Regatta, open to all nations, beating — " and then follows the names of all the vessels which started in the race. On the next medallion is engraved : " Schooner America, 170 tons. Commodore J. C. Stevens : l)uilt by George Steers, New York, 1851." On the other incilal- 88 PAINE-BUEGESS TESTIMONIAL. lions are inscribed the records of the other races for the Cup. As stated earlier in these pages, the Cup became the property of the America's owneis, and was held b}'^ them until July 8, 1857, when it was given to the Xow York Yacht Club. The Club retained it until November, 1881, when it was surrendered by them to the sole survivor of the former owners, Mr. George L. Schuyler, and by him regranted to the CUib, January 4, 1882, on new conditions. These conditions have been amended the present year by what is called the new deed of gift from Mr. Schuyler to the Club. THE NEW DEED OF GIFT AND CHALLENGE RULES. George L. Schuyler, the sole surviving owner of the America's Cup, made a new deed of gift of the Cup, in October, to the New York Yacht Club, and at a regular meeting of the club, October 27, 1887, the deed was read as follows : — This deed of gift, made Oct. 24, 1887, between George L. Schuyler, as sole surviving owner of the Cup won by the yacht America at Cowes, Eng. , Aug. 22, 1851, of the first part, and the New York Yacht Club, of the second part, wituesseth : That the said party of the first part, for aud iu eousideration of the premises aud the performance of the couditions and agree- ments hereinafter set forth by the party of the second part, has granted, bargained, sold, assigned, transferred, and set over, and by these presents does bargain, sell, assign, transfer, and set over unto said party of the second part, its successors and assigns, the Cup won by the schooner-yacht America at Cowes, Eng., upon Aug. 22, 1851, to have and to hold the same to the PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 89 said party of the second part, its successors and assigns, in trust, nevertheless, for the following uses and purposes : — This Cup is donated upon the condition that it shall be pre- served as a perpetual challenge Cup for friendly competition be- tween foreign countries. Any organized 3'acht club of a foreign country, incorporated, patented, or licensed by the Legislature, Admiralty, or other executive department, having for its annual regatta an ocean water-course on the sea, or on an arm of the sea, or one which combines both, shall always be entitled to the right of sailing a match for this Cup with a yacht or vessel propelled by sails only and constructed in the country to which the challenging club belongs, against any one 3'acht or vessel constructed in the country of the club holding the Cup. The yachts or vessels, if of one mast, shall be not less than sixty-five nor more than ninety feet on the load- water line ; if of more than one mast, they shall be not less than eighty feet nor more than one hundred and fifteen feet on the load- water line. The challenging club shall give ten months' notice in writing, naming the days for the proposed races, but no race shall be sailed on the daj's intervening between November 1 and May 1. Accompanpng the ten months' notice of challenge there must be sent the name of the owner and a certificate of the name, rig, and following dimensions of the challenging vessel, namely : Length on load-water line, beam at load- water line, and ex- treme beam, and draught of water, which dimensions shall not be exceeded ; and a Custom-House registry of the vessel must be sent as soon as possible. Vessels selected to compete for this Cup must proceed under sail on their own bottoms to the port where the contest is to take place. Centre-board or sliding-keel vessels shall always be allowed to compete in any race for this Cup, and no restriction or limita- 90 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. tion whatever shall be placed upou the use of such centre-board or sliding keel, nor shall the centre-board or sliding keel be con- sidered a part of the vessel for any purposes of measurement. The club challenging for the Cup and the club holding the same may, by mutual consent, make any arrangement satisfac- tory to both as to the dates, courses, number of trials, rules, and sailing regulations, and any and all other conditions of the match, in which case also the ten months' notice may be waived. In case the parties cannot mutually agree upon the terms of a match, then three races shall be sailed, and the winner of two of such races shall be entitled to the Cup. All such races shall be on ocean courses, free from headlands, as follows : — The first race, twenty nautical miles to windward and return ; the second race, an equilateral triangular race of thirty-nine nautical miles, the first side of which shall be a beat to wind- ward ; the third race, if necessary, twenty nautical miles to windward and return, and one week-day shall intervene be- tween the conclusion of one race and the starting of the next race. These ocean courses shall be practicable in all parts for vessels of 22 feet draught of water, and shall be selected by the club holding the Cup ; and these races shall be sailed subject to the rules and sailing regulations, so far as the same do not conflict with the provisions of this deed of gift, but without any time allowance whatever. The challenged club shall not be required to name its rep- resentative vessel until at the time agreed upon for the start; but the vessel when named must compete in all the races, and each of such races must be completed within seven hours. Should the club holding the Cup be, for any cause, dis- solved, the Cup shall be transferred to some club of the same nationality eligible to challenge under this deed of gift to trust and subject to its provisions. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 91 la the event of the faUiire of such transfer within three months after such dissolution, said Cup shall revert to the preceding club holding the same, and under the terms of the deed of gift. It is distinctly understood that the Cup is to be the property of the cluV), subject to the provisions of this deed, and not the property of the owner or owners of any vessel winning a match. No vessel wliich has been defeated in a match for this Cup can be again selected by any club as its representative after a contest for it by some otlier vessel has intervened, or until after the expiration of two years from the time of such defeat. And when a challenge from a club fulfilling all the condi- tions required by this instrument has been received, no other challenge can be considered until tiie pending event has been decided. And the said party of the second part hereby accepts the said Cup, subject to the said trust, terms, and conditions, and hereby covenants and agrees, to and with the said party of the first part, that it will faithfully and fully see that the foregoing conditions are fully observed and complied with by any contestant for the said Cup during the holding thereof by it, and that it will assign, transfer, and deliver the said Cup to the foreign yacht club whose representative yacht shall have won the same in accordance with the foregoing terms and conditions, provided the said foreign club shall, by instrument in writing, lawfully executed, enter with the said party of the second part into the like covenants as are herein entered into by it, such instrument to contain a like provision for the successive assignees to enter into the same covenants with their respective assignors, and to be executed in duplicate, one to be retained by each t-lub. and a copy thereof forwarded to the said party of the second part. 92 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. In witness whereof said party of the first part has hereunto set his hand and seal, and the said party of the second part has caused its corporate seal to be afBxed to these presents, and the same to be signed by its Commodore and attested by its Secretary, the day and year first above written. GEORGE L. SCHUYLER, THE NEW YORK YACHT CLUB, I Seal of the New I By ElbRIDGE T. GeRRT, ( York Yacht Chib. j ri i Commodore. John H. Bird, Secretary. In the presence of H. D. Hamilton. After the reading of the new deed, the following resolution was unanimously passed : — Resolved, That the New York Yacht Club accepts the Cup won by the schooner-j^acht Am,erica, upon the terms and conditions stated in the deed of gift executed and delivered by George L. Schuyler as surviving owner thereof to it, bearing date the 25th day of October, 1887, and hereby testifies and confirms the acts of the Commodore and Secretary of this club in joining in the execution and acceptance of said deed of gift. Resolved, That the deed of gift of the America's Cup be entered at length upon the minutes of this club, and that the Secretary be and is hereby requested to furnish to all foreign yacht clubs a copy thereof. ' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES CHAELES J. PAINE AND EDWARD BURGESS. CJ^Cl4. Cli^^(Lj BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH CHARLES J. PAINE Charles Jacksox Patne avus born in Boston in the year lf^33, being the eldest of three brothers, — Charles J., William C, and Robert T. He has three sisters, all un- married. His l)rother AVilliani, AA'hose country residence is at Beverly Farms, t : — The undersigned respectfully petitions for the use of Faneuil Hall on Friday, Oct. 7, 1887, at 6 o'clock P.M., for the pur- pose of holding a public meeting. HUGH O'BRIEN, 3fayor. Referred to the Committee on Faneuil Hall, etc. Later in the session Alderman N. G. Smith offered an I'AlXK-r.rUGESS TESTIMONIAL. 109 order, Thut the use of Faneiiil Hall be granted to the Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor, on Friday, October 7th inst., for the purpose of extending courtesies to Gen. Charles J. Paine, the owner of the champion yacht Volunteer, and to the designer of said yacht, Edward Burgess, Esq., free of expense. Passed, under a suspension of the rule. Later in the session Alderman Lee ofi'ered the follow- ing : — Resolved,^ That the thanks of the City Council are due to Gen. Charles J. Paine and Mr. Edward Burgess for their energy 1 The following acknowledgment was subsequently received by His Honor the Mayor from Messrs. Paine and Burgess, and transmitted to the City Council : — Executive Depabtment, Nov, 17, 1887. To the Honorable the City Council: — Gentlemen, — I have tlie honor to transmit herewith a communication from Messrs. Charles J. Paine and Edward Burgess, acknowledging the receipt of copies of the resolu- tions recently passed by the City Council concerning the late international yachting contest. Yours respectfully, HUGH O'BRIEN, Mayor. To His Honor Mayor O'Brien and the City Council of Boston : — We have received copies of the resolution of the City Council of Boston, adopted Oct. 3, 1887, thanking us for our services in connection with the late international yachting contest, and we beg to express our deep sense of the honor you have been pleased to confer on us by such an unparalleled compliment. We shall cherish with pride during our lives the beautiful copies of the resolution presented to us, and shall transmit them as most treasured mementoes to our children. We are, very respectfully, Your obedient servants, CHARLES J. PAINE, EDWARD BURGESS. Boston, Nov. 16, 1887. 110 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. and progressiveness in promoting the success of international yachting regattas, and for their victories over their English and Scotch competitors for the last three successive years. The vic- tory of the Volunteer over the Thistle is of local as well as national importance, and the citizens of Boston will ever hold in kindest remembrance Messrs. Paine and Burgess, who made it possible for our city to have such a great honor conferred upon it. Ordered, That a copy of this resolution be presented to Gen. Charles J. Paine and Mr. Edward Burgess as an expression of the City Council of Boston for the victories of the Puritan, Mayflower, and Volunteer. The resolve and order were passed unanimously, under a suspension of the rule, and were adopted in concurrence by the Common Council at their meeting October 6. The numerous details incident to the reception were care- fully looked after by the committee, under the direction of the chairman. Invitations were issued to seats upon the platform, and, as usual, the galleries were reserved for ladies. The decorations were in charge of Mr. M. J. Kiley, and all the materials made use of were furnished by courtesy to the city, especially for the occasion. These consisted of flags and streamers, furnished by I. W. Wheeler & Co. ; yacht furnishings, etc., from C. C. Hutchinson and Bagnall & Loud. The floral yacht designs were furnished by William E. Doyle and Twombly & Sons. The people began to assemble long before the hour announced for the meeting, and at 6 o'clock the hall was crowded in every part, and a dense throng were gathered in the square below. So great was the crowd PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. HI that travel was impeded, and further ingress to the l)uild- ing was practically impossible. Within the hall, assembled upon the platform, were to be seen a large number of Boston's distinguished and well- known men. Among them were the folio win jj : Robert Treat Paine, Phineas Pierce, Godfrey Morse, Edwin B. Haskell, John H. Holmes, ex-Mayor Augustus P. Martin, ex-Mayor Frederic O. Prince, Mayor AVilliam E. Russell, of Cambridge, Charles H. Taylor, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Jonas H. French, AValtor H. French, Francis Pea- body, Jr., Col. Robert H. Stevenson, Jacob Hecht, Patrick Maguire, Joseph lasigi, Thomas J. Gargan, Col. Robert F. Clark, William F. Weld, Jr., Charles C. Jackson, Lawrence Tucker, F. H. Waterhouse, W. B. McClellan, Jesse Brown,^ Com. Henry W. Savage, Dorchester Yacht Club, M. J. Kiley, George H. Richards, Rev. J. P. Bodfish, Eben D. Jordan, C. M. Clapp, Martin Brimmer, George F. Babbitt, E. H. Clement, Moses Merrill, Hon. Charles Levi Wood- bury, Gen. N. P. Banks, M. M. Cunniff, AV. E. Barrett, John S. Damrell, Eugene Y. R. Thayer, T. J. Barry, P. J. Donovan, George P. Chase, William Everett, Com- modore Hovey, Col. Thomas R. Mathews, Harry A. M'Glenen, Henry J. Weil, George N. Fisher, Jr., W. Lloyd Jeffries, Henry Buck, L. M. Clark, Robert T. Boit, Rev. E. A. Horton, Charles F. Loring, James Gal- lagher, New Haven Yacht Club, Col. Henry Walker. 1 Jesse Brown is the only sui"viving member of the crew of the America and is the brother of Capt. Richard Brown, who was commander of the America, at the time the Cup was won. He is a veteran of the Mexican war, and also the late Civil war, and was severely wounded in both wars. He resides in Rox- bury. 112 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. The following description of the appearance of the hall and the decorations is taken from the "Boston Post" of October 8 : — " The public that had been momentarily thickening, both on the floor and in the galleries, took note perforce of this arrangement, and also of those embellishments of the stage upon which the photographer had focussed his camera. Above the great canvas on which the godlike Daniel is seen making his immortal plea for ' liberty and union ' stretched a broad band of white Ininting, in the centre of which, in large crimson letters, was the word Volunteer, and on the sides the names of her older and somewhat passe, but still fast and dashing, sisters May- Hower and Puritan. It was easy to imagine that it was of this \evy bunting that the great orator was speaking as he rolled out in his grand orsfan tones the noble lonorinof : ' Let my eyes' last feeble and lingering glance behold the gorgeous ensign . . . now known and honored through- out the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original lustre, . . . [and] every- where, spread all over in characters of living light, blaz- ing on all its ample folds as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole heavens, that . . . sentiment dear to every true American heart,' Puritan, Mayfloicer, Volunteer, now and forever ! "Against the wall, upon either side of the stage, was a floral Volunteer, and the tw^o were engaged in a strenuous contest for a cup of bliss, to be the possession of the winner of the general sufi'rage as the truest likeness of the illustrious original. The yacht upon the northerly side. O o > G r > r r PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 113 under full sail, was ploughing waves of ivy leaves, crested with foam of cape flowers. Her hull was of M'hite asters, her dock of carnation pinks, her spars and rigging of purple immortelles, and her white sails of cape flowers. She was the pet boat of Twombly & Sons. Her designer and modeller was Mr. J. W. Linnell. She was a thin"- of beauty and a joy through all her eight feet of lensfth to the veteran yachtsmen who gazed at her. ' See the lines of that hull I ' exclaimed one of them to a companion ; ' the man who designed that had an eye ! ' An American eagle, perched upon a stand above the yacht, held sus- pended from his beak a wreath of laurel. The rival Vol- unteer was about of the same dimensions, and was built by William E. Doyle. She had apparently struck a calm, for her sea of ferns lay smooth and spra3dess. Her hull and s[)ars and rigging were composed like those of the pendant yacht. l>ut her deck was of white asters instead of carnation pinks. Upon the main-sail she bore in ])urple immortelles the siii'niticant inscription, '11 min. 4ut he gets there just the same. PAINE-BUIIGESS TESTIMONIAL. 131 The conclusion of Dr. Everett's remarks amused the audi- ence immensely, and he took his seat amidst applause and shouts of laui^hter. Hon. Hexrv B. Loveimng was the next speaker. He received a hearty tri-eetino^. REMARKS OF HENRY B. LOVERING. In all our successes, which have been prelimi- nary to the great victoiy of the other day, it is the ingenuity and ability of such men as Designer Burgess, and the public spirit and the push of such men as General Paine, to which we are in- debted for the supremacy of American ideas abroad. Fellow-citizens, I realize that we stand in this hall packed closely as sardines in a box, and it is not my intention to make a long speech. I want to say just this: — There is a well-founded feeling abroad, at least in my neighborhood, that if the English want to have any chance of beating the American yachts they must conform to and adopt American designs. Thrice have we defeated the best vessels they have brought across the water, built expressly to carry back the Cup, and it is time they felt a whole- some respect for American ideas. As I heard the complimentary remarks which have been made of General Paine they brought back to 132 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. me an incident which occurred in Washington at the time another Paine, of Ohio, was running for United States senator, -and when, as 3'ou will re- member, he succeeded the Hon. Mr. Pendleton. During Mr. Pendleton's last session Senator Voor- hees, who is somewhat of a joker in his way, was looking out of the west window, and he saw some- thing which suggested to him a pun. Voorhees never loses such an opportunity, and, turning to Senator Pendleton, who stood near by, he remarked, " Senator, you should have had a supply of St. Jacob's Oil in your campaign." The Ohio senator, looking puzzled, replied, " Sena- tor Yoorhees, I do not exactly catch the point." Voorhees pointed out of the windoAV at a mammoth sign upon a neighboring fence and read : — " St. Jacob's Oil conquers pain." ^ow, the point is plain. Let those who come over here in the future to wrest the Cup which we have held so many years secui-e a bottle or two of St. Jacob's Oil. But, even then, Pm afraid they could not conquer our victorious Paine. His Honor the Mayor next introduced Rev. E. A. HoR- TON, who spoke as follows : — I'AINK-mKGESS TESTIMoMAL. 133 REMARKS OF REV. E. A. IIORTON. Ladies and Gentlemen: It seems a cruel thino^ to force the speakers between you and the men you want to shake by the hand. That there is in this gathering something that glorifies old Boston you will readily see. It is sometimes said that the old N^ew England is something that is obsolete; ])ut these men you honor to-night are representa- tives of everything that is thoroughly 'New Eng- land. Their combined achievement has been secured by brains, pluck, public spirit and enthusiasm. As I saw those streams of people passing over the plat- form I said to my neighbor. Father Bodfish, that their enthusiasm meant something deeper than mere joy in the victory of a yacht. It represented the patriotic feeling our young men are inspired with when anything representing the nation is pitted against any foreign country. It was my fortune to serve in the United States navy during the war, at a time when many brave men went down to heroes' graves. That conglomeration of vessels, hastily gathered, did a grand work, but under vast diffi- culties. And to-day our uav}^ is wretched; our commerce a shame. The love of the flag is strono; in all men who follow the sea. I am glad that the noble crew of the Volunteer kept the flag at the front of the fleet. I don't care a snap for stump speakers or for the average newspapers. I began 134 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. my career as a man ; then became a parson, and when I go clown to my grave I shall go down as a man. I speak as a citizen; citizens loyal and proud we ought always to be amid professions and business. I want to see the flag respected, as becomes a great country like ours. I was up in Canada a few days ago. Oh, I didn't run away! While talking with a prominent gentleman there he said that he would much rather we had come thirty thousand strong than three hundred. He would be glad if we had taken the country, and made it a part of the United States. I rejoice in the enthusiasm which makes us love the flag of our country, and I rejoice that New England produces much of what makes this nation great and powerful. Sentiment is the inextinguishable light of man and country. Sentiment kindles the fervor of this occa- sion. When men are walling to look up and admire, all things are safe. Such a gathering as this means the drawing together of all elements and classes in sympathy and on a high plane of feeling. It en- forces the fact that individuals of wealth in our midst are willing to expend their means for national fame and public pride. Let us encourage every noble impulse. In the midst of mercantile greed, political corruption, and material standards, welcome, thrice welcome, whatsoever quickens the heart of unselfish citizenship. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 135 Hon. Charles Levi Woodbury was the next speaker. REMARKS OF HON. CHARLES LEVI WOODBURY. I came here not to talk to you, shipmates, but to honor two men who have done more for the glory of the United States in the last two years than any other two men between the ^orth pole and the Isthmus of Panama. There is a prospect that the Cup will long remain on this side of the Atlantic. We don't propose to give up the ship in despair, or the Cup, while there is a shot left in the locker. I am reminded that thirty years ago the America bore away the proud trophy from the yachtsmen across the water. In later years many interesting contests have been held for that tro23hy, and three times Boston came forward to defend that Cup. Three times has Boston successfully defended the Cup, and to-night the Volunteer is riding grace- fully in port, and near her is the America. A tele- gram has been read here to-night saying that the crew of the Volunteer will soon be here. N^ow there is something very sympathetic in this. Gen- eral Paine served in the war for the preservation of the Union under General Butler, the owner of the America, and it is of peculiar interest that these two men should own the first and the last vessel that has won the Cup. The victory just won by the Volunteer has again vindicated the American reputation for sea- 136 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. maiiship and for ship-building. The seven times that American yachts have successfidly defended the Cup shows that we are ahead in everything that pertains to nautical affairs. There was a time when our schooners and our frigates were the fastest vessels afloat. That was about the time of the war of 1812. Our clipper ships came later, and they, too, outstripped, in sailing qualities, all craft afloat. When steam came into use our steamers beat the world. Then desolation fell on our carrying trade. Now we have the fleetest yachts that sail the seas ; a little superior in hull, sails, and handling to anything yet brought against them. We thank our competitors for having forced our talent to develop their racing capacity. The stern chase of our Island competitors has lasted long, and I know of only one chance for them to gain the lead, — that is, subsidize Mr. Burgess to build them a craft, and inveigle General Paine to sail it for them. Rev. J. P. BoDFiSH was next introduced to the audience, and received a warm reception. REMARKS OF REV. J. P. BODFISH. I wish to express my grateful thanks to General Paine, Mr. Burgess, and to the crew of the Voluntee?' for the glorious victory they have won. I think I can appreciate all that the victory PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 137 cost, having been f\i miliar with yachts from boy- hood. They were then my familiar playthings. A great many things entered into that struggle. The patriotism, courage, indomitable energy, fidelity in looking after every detail that contributed to win victory, — these are among the things that engaged the attention of these men. The result was a great victory, won by American skill, American persever- ance, and American pluck. A light-house keeper was once asked, " What would happen if your light went out?" With a look of astonishment and pain he exclaimed, " My light shall never go out ! " So like him I trust we are determined that our light shall never go out, and that we shall remain firm in the determination to keep the trophy our yachtsmen have so fairly won and so long and gallantly de- fended. Rev. MiNOT J. Savage next addressed the audience. ADDRESS AND POEM BY REV. M. J. SAVAGE. I am the only gentleman present, so far as I have been able to observe, who wears a dress-coat. Well, I think nothing is too good for an occasion like this. When I found myself invited to deliver one of twenty or thii'ty five-minute speeches, it occurred to me that in the end they might grow monotonous, all being delivered on the same theme. I remember a piece of advice given to me by my J38 PAIXE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. old professor. He said: "If yon write what you think is thi-onghont an admirable sermon, re-write it and tone down some of the parts, so as to give it variety, even if you have to make some parts of it a little poorer." Warned by that advice, I con- cluded to contribute at least to the variety, even though it should prove that mine were the poorer part referred to by my professor. So I have written a few verses which I thought might be ap- propriate to this occasion. Their title is " Bostonia Yictrix." It is true that is Latin; but then every- body in Boston knows Latin. Mr. Savage then read the following poem : — BOSTONIA VICTRIX. Let Boston wear her honors Most modestly to-day, Here, where she sits secui'ely, The mistress of the bay. V^^e'll be not over-boastful, We'll try not to be A'ain, And yet we can't help speaking Of Burgess and of Paine ! We'll waive the common honors We won so long ago — The lead we took in letters. And all the things we know ; Enough for us at present Tliat we have come to be. In spite of " Rule Britamiia," The mistress of the sea. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 139 Since some town liad to do it, And since New Yovk did not, 'Twas left for little Boston To build the fastest yacht. We'll let our sister city Help hold the honors up, And while Ave proudly drain it Her lips may sip the cup. We love our English sister ; Yet, since the seas divide. We love a little better The people on this side. We're vei'y, yes, quite willing. She should all Europe beat; But find our knees refusing To bend, e'en at her feet. The Scotchman's thorny "Thistle" Was meant our pride to prick ; He hojied to see us tingle E'en to the very quick ! But, in his own side smarting. He feels the thrust severe. While from his eye escaping We see one " Volun-iear " / Thej' say we have no navy; But since our Boston sent (By way of New York) "Whitney To help the President, We'll rally and stand by him ; And now the Avork's begun, We modestly stand ready To show just how it's done. 140 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. "Amei-ica" and "Puritan"; The "Mayflower" last year; But Boston still is growing, So — here's the " Volunteer " ! And if the plucky Briton Still thinks that he can win. Then let him bring another, And we will take that in. In short, we've learned to like it, This cup we won to keep ; And now that we have tasted The blue and briny deep. We here declare our purpose To hold all that we gain. So long as we have Burgess Well backed by General Paine! Gen. Nathaniel P. Baxks was introduced as the next speaker. ADDRESS OF GEN. N. P. BANKS. It is my privilege, Mr. Mayor, in the brief moments allowed me, to speak of one of your distinguished guests, at least, as my neighbor and my comrade in arms. To him it is something more than a cosmo- politan compliment. It is a welcome from the heart of city, state, and nation, for his vindication of American honor where it has been most threatened — the open seas of the world. To his matchless co- worker — Mr. Burgess — who passed from one inter- national conquest to another, rising steadily and PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 141 easily to greater success as greater demands were made, until competitors and contestants of nations were exhausted, it gives a spontaneous and conti- nental recognition as the master mind and hand at the head of the column of illustrious constructors and navigators of the age. This is not the first meetin or I have attended in honor of an American victory on the sea. I remember a magnificent scene in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, in 1851, on the day when the yacht America took part in a contest for supremacy in English waters. While we were in the hall of the House the news came from the Old World that the America had won the race. Daniel Webster occupied the floor when the news came. The day was that of the celebration of the opening of railway communication between the American States and the Canadian Prov- inces, and Webster announced the victory which had been won by the America, running against the whole fleet of Ens^land and Scotland. "The Amer- ica has Avon," he said. "Like Jupiter among the gods, America is first, and there is no second." The Canadians did not like it; they thought it out of place; but it was just. IS'ow, I come to honor these young men, not so much for what they have done in this victory, with all that belongs to it, and all the joy it inspires, but because it marks the path of national duty and honor. The great governments of the world are moving to the sea. Russia is moving 142 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. to the sea; so is Germany; and so are even China and Japan. But where is America? Her power is not on the sea. When Mr. Webster spoke the few words I have repeated, the condition of American commerce and American shipping was very different from what it is now. Then, in 1851, or a few years later, we had a hirger tonnage than Great Britain, or any other nation on the globe. England was in- creasing her tonnage every year at the rate of 28 per cent., and the United States hers at the rate of 58 per cent. In 1876, the centennial of the declara- tion of American independence, the American flag would have covered the majority of the commercial tonnage of the world. But it had been swept from the sea by combinations of other governments against ns. They sought to destroy the supremacy of Amer- ica on the sea. It was to destroy that supremacy that they made war against America. I do not lay the responsibility for that contest on the shoulders of any class of American statesmen. It arose from the jealousy of the older Nations. It was the feeling of England, and of some other governments, per- haps, that America was becoming too powerful on the sea, as she had been on the land. !N^OAv, in this situation we know what we have to do. !Xo one could have been more rejoiced than I was at this victory; but it is for what is to come, and for what must come, that I rejoice. If we go no farther; if we do not accept the responsibilities PAINE-BTJRGESS TESTIMONIAL. 143 and duties of the future; if we do not realize the fact that in all ages, and in all parts of the world, seas hav^e been and must be the great media of communication; that on the sea are fought its greatest battles, — all our rejoicing can be but of little conse- quence. Look back ui^on our record. It was the success of our whale-ships which drew from Edmund Burke that splendid eulogium on the capacity and spirit of American sailors; it was our Yankee fish- ermen that captured British privateers in the mouth of the English Channel ; it was Fulton who invented the steamship; it was the American clipper-ship that for a brief period monopolized the commerce of the world; it was the yacht America that gave infor- mation to the people abroad of what we had at home; it was the American Monitor upon which all the naval powers of the world have modelled their de- fences. It was at that period — 1851 — that the two greatest journals of the world exclaimed, one after the other: "In everything that is valuable, every- thing that is for human improvement, exhibited in the World's Fair, America is so far ahead that nobody else is in sight." "The time is coming when Amer- ica shall command the ocean, and both oceans, and all oceans." It is this last victory of the American Volunteer that for the moment struck the world breathless. "It points the way that we are going, and such an instrument we are to use." Is there one human being that does not wish it, man or woman, 144 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. child or grown person? AYhy is it not done? Be- cause the Americans will not decide how it shall be done. With the Lakes above us and the Gulf below, the Atlantic on this and the Pacific on the other coast of the continent, and with no control of the sea, these flags may hang here, but the men of the future will have a hard time to keep their heads above water. The time is coming when the people will demand that our flag shall be restored to its supremacy on the sea. When that time comes America will win the same honors there that she has won on land. Hon. Thomas J. Gaegan was next introduced. REMAEKS OF THOMAS J. GARGAN. We are here to-night to congratulate Mr. Paine and Mr. Burgess for what they have done in main- taining the honor of the American flag upon the sea. Last night I stood on the cliff's overlooking Marblehead harbor and the waters of the bay beyond, expecting to catch a glimpse of the Volunteer then expected hourly to reach port. I was in sight of the place where, during the war of 1812, the Chesapeahe and Shannon fought, and as the gallant Lawrence, the Commander of the Chesapeahe, fighting against over- whelming odds, was struck down, mortally wounded, his last words were, "Don't give up the ship." There was an inspiration in these words to every American sailor; and how they heeded them and PAINE-BITRGESS TESTIMONIAL. 145 retrieved the disaster we have but to recall the names of Hull, Bainbridge, Decatur, Perry, Mc- Donough, and Porter, and their series of biilUant victories upon the seas and the great lakes that made the war of 1812 memorable, and gave us a jalace and reputation among the nations of the world. The same spirit which animated Lawrence and his coinj^atriots carried the American flag on the whale-ships of New Bedford and Nantucket to the frozen waters of Baffin's Bay, and made the Yankee clipper-ships in the California, Liverpool, and China trade the wonder and the envy of Euro- pean nations. In 1860 our commercial marine was second only to that of Great Britain, with every prospect that before another decade our tonnage would largely exceed that of any nation on the globe, but the war of the Rebellion swept our commerce from the seas; yet the spirit of American seamanship sur- vived the I'uin of our commercial marine, and the skill and ingenuity saved the nation in more than one emergency. Farragut and Porter and Winslow were worthy descendants of the men of 1812, and the clever way in which the Kearsarge sunk the Alabama, a British-built ship, armed with British guns, and largely manned by British tars, sent a thrill of exultation to every true Amei'ican heart. If we have been despondent at the decadence of our merchant marine and the impotency of our 146 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMOXIAL. navy, and have chafed at the manner in which the smallest nations of the earth have insnlted us with impunity, and deplored our inability to protect the Samoans against the invasion of Germany, because we had not a ship to protect the American flag in waters of the Pacific ocean, we are cheered by these actions of our yachtsmen: we see that our naval architects have not forgotten their cunning, nor our sailors the art of navigation. AVe rejoice that the people of this great country, great upon the land, realize at length that no nation can be truly great unless she is able to show her prowess upon the sea. What comes from these victories is not the mere facts that the Puritan, the Mayfloiuer, and the Volunteer have beaten the British yachts opposed to them; but that General Paine and Mr. Burgess have reawakened that spirit of pride in our common country that ought to make us desire to see our nation assert her supremacy, and that she should be powerful upon the sea as well as upon the land. General Paine and INIr. Burgess deserve our thanks, ay, more than our thanks, — our gratitude, for reawakening this spirit and stimulating our ambition to be the first power on the water. *' Far as the breeze can bear, the billows foam ; Survey our empire, and behold our home ; These are our realms, no limit to their sway; Our flag the sceptre all who meet obey." PAINE-BUKGESS TESTIMONIAL. 147 The speech of Mayor "William E. Russell, of Cam- bridge, was as follows : — This old hall, Mr. Mayor, has often echoed pa- triotic words. I believe it never has been stirred by a more patriotic impulse than that which has brought here this outpouring of the people to give a ro3^al welcome to sons of Boston, who have honored her with a national triumph. It must be pleasant to them to know that our welcome rings with j^^triotism, and our honor to them is a renewed pledge of patriotic love and loyalty. If the victory we celebrate was merely that of one boat over another, there would be little cause for this demonstration; but, when it represents the best efforts of two great nations in honorable rivalry on an important field, the contest is a na- tional contest, and the victory a national triumph, I have not come, sir, to flatter modest men. N^othing I can say can increase or diminish the glory of what they have done, nor change by one iota our estimate of the ability, perseverance, and generosity that have kept our flag still waving over the flag of England. I have come, as one of thousands, to give expression to the feeling of satisfaction and pride in finding that when our country wills, she can; that ability follows resolu- tion to make her victorious, even over the " Mis- tress of the Seas." 148 PAINE-BUEGESS TESTIMONIAL. The test of national greatness is not in burden- some, constant preparation, but rather in her capa- city, ability, and patriotism to meet the need of the hour, to hecome ready when the call summons her to the contest. General Paine, you have demonstrated that, in the bitter days of war, in deadly conflict, in the blessed days of peace, in manly rivalry, there is ever ready a Volunteer to answer our nation's call, and to carry her to triumphant victory. For this, sir, we thank and honor you. At the conclusion of Mr. Gargan's remarks, the crew of the Volunteer entered the hall,^ amid the wildest cheering. On reaching the platform they were formally greeted with three cheers, called for by the presiding officer. His Honor then read the following letter from Captain Haff, explaining why he was unable to be present with his men : — Yacht Volunteer, Makblehead, Oct. 7, 1887. To Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston : — Dear Sir, — On my arrival at Marblehead I received your kind invitation to be present at the reception which is to be 1 The presence of the crew of the Volunteer at the reception was, undoubtedly, due to the journalistic enterprise and foresight of the managers of the " Boston Herald." Knowing that the Volunteer was expected at Marblehead in the after- noon they chartered a tug, and cruised about in the lower baj', to hail the victor as soon as she appeared. They fell in with her about four o'clock P.M., and took her in tow to Marblehead, as the wind had failed entirely. The crew were taken on board the tug at six o'clock, and were landed at I>ong wharf at eight o'clock, proceeding immediately to Faneuil Hall. PAINE-BUHGESS TESTIMONIAL. 149 given to General Paine and Mr. Burgess at Faneuil Hall this evening. I regret that my health is such as will not permit my leaving the yacht to-night ; nothing could afford me greater pleasure than to join j'ou in honoring General Paine. Very respectfully yours, H. C. HAFF. The following is a complete list of the crew : Captain, Henry C. Half; first mate, Charles Kennison ; second mate, Harry P. Half; quartermasters, Charles Johnson and George Conant ; crew, George Smith, Chris Folsom, George Johnson, John Sarlin, Charles Olson, Harry An- derson, Charles Lotman, of the old Mayflower crew, George Moberg, Hans Chester, John Beekman, T^'illiam Lawrence, John Westerland, George Stone, Andrew An- derson ; steward, John Hanen ; cook, Frank Samdel ; assistant cook, Joseph Mayo. The members of Dahlgren Post (Xo. 2) of the G.A.R., South Boston, next entered the hall, headed by Captain Bradley and the Grand Army band. Over the detach- ment floated a banner with the inscription, " The volun- teers of '61 welcome home the victorious Volunteer, South Boston." The members of the Post having marched upon the platform in double file. Captain Bradley called for three cheers for General Paine and Mr. Burgess, and they were given with enthusiasm. Captain Bradley then said : — General Paln^e, Mr. Burgess, the Crew of THE Volunteer: The volunteers of '61, who, on many a bloody battlefield and slippery deck, fought 150 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. to maintain the Union and uphold the honor of the flag, welcome yon, the volunteers of 1887, who, in a friendly contest, have made the proudest nation in the world strike its colors, and have nailed our own colors to the mast. The comrades then gave three rousing cheers for the gallant commander and crew of the Volunteer, and resumed their line of march. There was no more speech-making after this, and the audience again availed themselves of the opportunity to shake hands with General Paine and Mr. Buro-ess. A few letters of regret were read from those who had been unable to respond to the Mayor's invitation, and afterwards the inmiense audience slowly dispersed. The music for the occasion was furnished by the Boston Cadet Band, under the leadership of J. Thomas Baldwin. The police arrangements were under the personal supervision of Deputy-Superintendent Joseph R. Burrill, and were admi- rable in every respect. The officers had a hard task to restrain and control the immense crowd that thronged the building and all the adjoining streets, but they performed their arduous labor with their accustomed faithfulness, and no accident occurred to mar the interest and pleasure of the event. Taken as a whole, the reception was a grand success. C E R E S P X D E X C E , ETC. The following letters and communications were received b}' Mayor O'Brien, expressive of regret on the part of some who were unable to be present, and all containing hearty congratulations to the distinguished guests of the evening. Most of them were read at the reception, but the others were received subsequently and have not been heretofore published : — Beverly Farms, Oct. 3, 1887. To His Honor HroH O'Brien, Mayor of Boston : — Dear Sir, — I regi'et that it is not in my power to accept the polite invitation of the City of Boston to attend the popular re- ception to be given to Gen. Charles J. Paine and Mr. Edward Burgess on Friday, October 7. Both are m}' friends, and one of them, General Paine, is my near connection. Proud as I am of their achievement, I own that the General is the only commander I ever heard of wlio made himself illustrious by running awa}' from all his com- petitors. Yours very respectfully, OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. Boston, Oct. 6, 1887. Dear Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge your invitation to attend a popular reception to be given to General Paine and Mr. Burgess at Faneuil Hall on the 7th inst. I regret more than 152 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. I can express that imperative engagements, which will take me to New York and Washington, will cause me to leave the State as early as Friday, if not before. As a yachtsman of seventeen years' continuous cruising, I should deem it my duty to do all I could to express my gratification, as a patriot, at the success of the efforts of General Paine and Mr. Burgess to maintain the high position that our country holds in relation to nautical archi- tecture and equipment. But I hold to General Paine a nearer, and, to me, a dearer connection, of high appreciation. He served with me in the very earliest part of the war of the Rebellion, marched with the army of the Gulf, a young officer, daring, efficient, active, cool-headed. He was then a volunteer I appreciated in the service and defence of his country, and I appreciate the Volunteer now, in lier suc- cessful defence of the country's honor. The fact that he arose step by step to high rank, from merit alone, speaks of the effi- ciency of General Paine as a soldier. In peace no greater successes have followed the efforts of an}^ man. When a challenge came that the best creation of British skill in nautical architecture, the Genesta, was to come here to take away the America's Cup, General Paine, with the patriotism, lib- erality, and courage of conviction that such challenge could be met, ordered a vessel to be built, and put the design in the hands of Mr. Burgess, because he knew his skill and worth. The Puritan was put afloat, which, after repeated trials, out- sailed all American boats ; and then, selected by unanimous judg- ment to meet the Genesta, the Puritan beat all England, as well as all America. The following year a new challenge came from England, and General Paine, knowing that all American skill could do had not been done, built, and Mr. Burgess designed, the Mayflower, which not only beat all England and America, but beat the Puritan beside. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 15)5 Again, this year, all England being satisfied of our superiority, Scotland supposed that a better boat could be devised and built in her waters than either England or America could produce, and all Scotland's nautical skill was devoted to the construction and equipment of the Thistle, which, on trial, beat all England. General Paine believed from the report of these victories that a better boat had been produced than England had sent here before, confident that the resources of American skill in that regard had by no means been exhausted, built, and Mr. Burgess designed, the Volunteer, the superiority of which has been dem- onstrated by her beating not only all the rest of the United States, and all that England could do, but also the Puritan and the Mayfloiver, and the Scotch boat Thistle, by larger odds than they had theretofore beaten England and America. You will, my dear Mr. Mayor, therefore appreciate my regrets that I must be away in body, but I shall be present in spirit with everything that goes to show the highest recognition of General Paine, the boat Vohinteer, and the unequalled skill of ^Ir. Burgess, the designer of the Puritan, the Mayfloioer, and the Volunteer, who never permits anybody to outstrip him but him- self. I am, very truly, your friend and servant, BENJAMIN F. BUTLER. Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of the City of Boston. Boston, Oct. 7, 1887. The Hon. Hugh O'Bkiex : — Dear Sir, — Owing to an absence from the city, your kind in- vitation is only this moment received, or it would have had a more prompt reply. I regret that my engagement compels me to decline it, as I cordially sympathize in the pleasure afforded by the triumph of the nautical and scientific skill and energy of General Paine and Mr. Burgess. General Paine has aided to 154 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. render the name of the American Volunteer illustrious, both in peace and war. With much respect, 3'our obedient servant, CHARLES DEVENS. East Point, Nahant, Oct. 5, 1887. Hon. Hugh O'Brien : — Dear Sir. — An imperative engagement, which obliges me to go to New York on Friday, prevents my acceptance of your very kind invitation to take part in the reception to General Paine and Mr. Burgess on that evening. I regret extremely that this should be the case, for nothing would give me greater pleasure than to be present. I should like to join with the multitude who will be there in expressing to General Paine and Mr. Burgess the pride we all feel both in their victorious talent and skill, and in the simple, manly, and straightforward way in which they have borne themselves as the representatives of the country in their great yachting contests. As it is, I can only send to them my warmest congratulations, and remain, with many thanks to j^ourself. Very truly yours, H. C. LODGE. Naushon Island, Oct. 5, 1887. His Honor Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston: — Mr. J. M. Forbes, Sr., regrets that he cannot avail himself of your polite invitation for Friday evening's meeting at Faneuil Hall. He not having the gift of speech can only express his appreciation of the good work done by General Paine and Mr. Burgess, and his hope that the young and vigorous men who have the subject in hand will take measures to carry into effect the existing public feeling in some substantial and prac- PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 155 tical manner that is worthy of our Commonwealth and of your city. JOHN M. FORBES, Si;. Milton, Oct. 6, 1887. Sir, — Referring to your kind invitation for the 7th inst., and my acceptance thereof conditional!}', I have to say with regret that m}- phN'siciau absolutely forbids my going to the meeting to-morrow evening. If I could go, I certainly could not in five minutes express all I feel toward Messrs. Paine and Burgess. I am, very respectfully, your servant, R. B. FORBES. Congratulations from the Old Colony Club. Plymouth, IMass. General Paine and Mr. Burgess : — The Old Colony Club of Plymouth, Mass., sends congratulations. A. AND M. Message from the Sons of Martha's Vineyard. Messrs. Charles J. Paine and Edward Burgess, Faneuil Hall, Boston y Mass. : — Gentlemen, — The almost numberless congratulations that you have received of the highest complimentary nature, both through the press and by private communication, must have convinced you how justly proud and heartily appreciative are the American people for your successful efforts in again preserving to them the America's Cup, and how fully your patriotism, genius, and skill are recognized throughout the entii-e yachting world. So desirous as is every one of acquainting you with their ap- proval, it is scarcely possible to express it Mithout its being a mere repetition. 156 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. But at the last meeting of the Sons of INIartha's Vineyard it was unanimously conceded that, if the club did not con- tribute to the meeting to be held in Faueuil Hall in honor of your achievement, a testimonial of their interest in the great international race, and the enthusiasm the}' felt over its suc- cessful conclusion, it would ever after be a matter of disap- pointment and regret. The intense interest manifested by all members of this club was shared by all people of Martha's Vineyard, who from their earliest days are so identified with yachting and with trials of speed upon the water, that it may almost be regarded as a sport peculiar to that sea-girt isle. In consequence of their enthusiasm, it was most natural that their fancy should imagine an ideal model, so symmetrical in curve and beautiful in form that she would prove a prodigy of speed. But they knew well it would require the master- hand of a genius to design, and the ideal yachtsman to equip and develop her speed, and ardently hoped that this rare com- bination of powers would be found and combine to convert this ideal into a pleasant reality. It affords the greatest satisfaction to recognize that this has been accomplished in the Puritan, Mayflorver, and Vohmteer, and we hereby congratulate Mr. Burgess on such a demonstration of his wonderful sldll, and have only the deepest admu*ation for the patriotism and generosity of General Paine for cheer- fullj" volunteering to defend our trophy from foreign claimants. In conclusion we confidently say that, as long as these gentlemen continue to exercise their ability in this dii-ection, greater results will yet be attained, and their lofty motive will be emulated by others. Sons of Martha's Vineyard, by their Committee, WILLIAM A. MORSE, WILLIAM H. DAGGETT, CHARLES DARROW. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 157 New Bedfoud, Mass., Oct. 7, 1SS7. To Mayor Hugh O'Brikn, Faneuil Rail, Boston: — At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the New Bed- ford Yacht Club, held this evening, the following vote was adopted : — " Voted, That this Club is heartily in sympathy with the meeting now being held in honor of Charles J. Paine and Mr. Edward Burgess, and tenders its warmest congi-atulations." EDGAR R. LEWIS, Secretary. 233 Clarendon Street, Boston, Oct. 4, 1887. My dear Sir, — It would give me much pleasure if I could accept 3'our invitation and join in doing honor to General Paine and ]Mr. Burgess ; but I have au engagement out of town on Frida}', which I find it impossible to change, and therefore I must not hope to be at Faneuil Hall. I am, Yours very truly, PHILLIPS BROOKS. Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 4, 1887. Dear Sir, — I regret that a previous engagement must deprive me of the pleasure of attending the reception in honor of General Paine and ^Ir. Buigess, to be given in Faneuil Hall, on Frida}', October 7th. Respectfully yours, CHARLES W. ELIOT. Hon. Hugh O'Brien. 158 PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. Jamaica Plain, Oct. 4, 1887. Hon. Hugh O'Brien : — Deak Sir, — I am sony that it will not be in ni}' power to be present in Faneuil Mall on Friday evening and meet General Paine and Mr. Burgess. If I were present I should be glad to express m}^ satisfaction that, though our mercantile marine has been nearly protected out of existence by the War Tariff, and though our navy has disappeared under the weight of the millions appropriated for its maintenance, we have still some Americans who can uphold the credit of our flag on the ocean. With much respect, yours, JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE. The following correspondence, us will be seen, occurred subsequent to the rece[)tion, and consists of Genertil Paine's acknowledgment of his appreciation of the honor conferred upon him by the people of Boston, and Mayor O'Brien's letter in reply to General Paine : — Weston, Mass., Oct. 10, 1887. To His Honor Mayor O'Brien, Boston : — Dear Sir, — I beg you will permit me to express the deep sense of obligation which I feel to you for tendering to ]Mr. Burgess and myself a reception which was so grand both in its number and its enthusiasm, and which will always remain in my memory as the proudest day of my life. No happiness could exceed that of knowing that I had contributed in some measure to the gratification of so many of my fellow-citizens, and that happiness I feel that I owe to you. I am, with great respect. Sincerely yours, CHAS. J. PAINE. PAINE-BURGESS TESTIMONIAL. 159 Boston, Oct. 12, 1887. General Charles J. Paine : — Dear Sir, — Your very kind letter has been received. All Boston was so interested in the success of the recent race, that I felt I should fail to represent our glorious old city if I did not extend to you and Mr. Burgess a popular reception in Faneuil Hall. You both deserved it, and it is gratifying to know that it met with 3'our approbation. The fact that so many thousands of our people filled the hall and blocked the neighboring streets, anxious to take you and Mr. Burgess by the hand, shows how much you are appreciated. With great respect. Yours sincerely, HUGH O'BRIEN. UCSB LIBRARY !^1 .ijP^ illljll D 000 284 699 6