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 F-N-PIERCE-FE-S.6- 
 
 HREVJ-W-METCALFE-FK. 
 
BIOLOGY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 G 
 
' 
 
THE GENITALIA OF THE BRITISH 
 TORTRICID^E. 
 
To do the wrong thing is better than doing 
 nothing at all. 
 
The Genitalia 
 
 of 
 
 The Group Tortricidae 
 of the Lepidoptera 
 
 of the 
 
 British Islands. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF 
 THE MALE CLASPING ORGANS AND THE 
 CORRESPONDING ORGANS OF THE FEMALE. 
 
 BY 
 
 F. N. PIERCE, F.E.S. 
 
 AND 
 
 The Rev. J. W. METCALFE, M.A., F.E.S. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY THE REV. J. W. METCALFE, 
 FROM PREPARATIONS MADE BY F. N. PIERCE. 
 
 OUNDLE, NORTHANTS: 
 F. N, PIERCE, THE OLD RECTORY, WARMINGTON. 
 
 1922. 
 
BJOLOGY 
 LIBRARY 
 
 Printed by THE NORTHERN PUBLISHING Co., LTD. 
 17 Goree Piazzas, Liverpool. 
 
 Plates by T. CHELL, 22, Cable Street, Liverpool. 
 
 [COPYRIGHT UNDER ACT OF 1911.] 
 
 MAIN 
 
INDEX OF GENERA. 
 
 Acroclita 
 
 ... 56 
 
 Grapholita 
 
 Mthes 
 
 ... 32 
 
 Gypsonoma 
 
 Agapeta 
 
 ... 81 
 
 Hemimene 
 
 Aleimma 
 
 ... 19 
 
 Hysterosia 
 
 Amelia . ^ 
 
 ... 8 
 
 Isotrias 
 
 Anchylopera 
 
 ... 55 
 
 Laspeyresia 
 
 Ancylis 
 
 ... 53 
 
 Lipoptycha 
 
 Apotomis 
 
 ... 40 
 
 Lobesia ... 
 
 Archips 
 
 ... 1 
 
 Lozotaenia 
 
 Argyrotaenia 
 
 1 
 
 Nephodesme 
 
 Argrotoxa 
 
 ... 16 
 
 Neurasthenia 
 
 Argyroploce 
 
 ... 45 
 
 Notocelia 
 
 Astatia 
 
 ... 58 
 
 Olethreutes 
 
 Bactra ... 
 
 ... 40 
 
 Olindia . . . 
 
 Capua 
 
 ... 7 
 
 Oxigrapha 
 
 Catopria 
 
 ... 73 
 
 Pammene 
 
 Celypa ... 
 
 ... 50 
 
 Pandemis 
 
 Cerata ... 
 
 ... 87 
 
 Panoplia 
 
 Chrosis 
 
 ... 24 
 
 Pardia . . . 
 
 Clepsis ... 
 
 ... 5 
 
 Peronea 
 
 Clysia 
 
 ... 26 
 
 Phalonia 
 
 Cnephasia 
 
 ... 10 
 
 Pharmacia 
 
 Cochylis 
 
 ... 36 
 
 Phaneta 
 
 Commophila 
 
 ... 30 
 
 Phiaris . . . 
 
 Cydia 
 
 ... 81 
 
 Philedone 
 
 Eclectis 
 
 ... 18 
 
 Ptycholoma 
 
 Enarmonia 
 
 ... 53 
 
 Phtheochroa 
 
 Endopisa 
 
 ... 86 
 
 Proteopteryx 
 
 Enyphantes 
 
 ... 14 
 
 Rhocodia 
 
 Epagoge 
 
 ... 7 
 
 Rhopobota 
 
 Ephippiphori . . . 
 
 ... 85 
 
 Rhyacionia 
 
 Epiblema 
 
 ... 68 
 
 Sciaphila 
 
 Eriopsela 
 
 ... 67 
 
 Selania 
 
 Eucosma 
 
 ... 72 
 
 Sparganothis 
 
 Eudemis 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Spilonata 
 
 Eulia 
 
 ... 9 
 
 Strophedra 
 
 Euspila 
 
 ... 84 
 
 Tortricodes 
 
 Euxanthis 
 
 ... 30 
 
 Tortrix 
 
 Evetria ... 
 
 ... 63 
 
 Zeiraphera 
 
 Page 
 
 85 
 77 
 93 
 25 
 15 
 92 
 96 
 39 
 
 6 
 12 
 65 
 66 
 43 
 15 
 24 
 88 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 67 
 20 
 29 
 30 
 70 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 62 
 23 
 74 
 79 
 15 
 93 
 25 
 76 
 83 
 14 
 19 
 56 
 
 703316 
 
vm. 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES. 
 
 (Synonyms in Italics.) 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Plate 
 
 
 abrasana 
 
 ...10 
 
 3 
 
 bergmanniana 
 
 abscisana 
 
 ...39 
 
 14 
 
 betulaetana ... 
 
 aceriana, 
 
 ...77 
 
 26 
 
 biarcuana 
 
 achatana 
 
 ...56 
 
 19 
 
 bifasciana, Hw. 
 
 acuminatana 
 
 ...96 
 
 34 
 
 bifasciana, Hb. 
 
 gomulana, Scblg. 
 
 ...71 
 
 24 
 
 bilunana 
 
 ccmulana, Myk. 
 
 ...71 
 
 24 
 
 boscana 
 
 ameana 
 
 ...30 
 
 11 
 
 branderiana . . . 
 
 au'atana 
 
 ...97 
 
 34 
 
 brunnichiana 
 
 affinitana 
 
 ...27 
 
 10 
 
 buoliana 
 
 albersana 
 
 ...76 
 
 26 
 
 burgnionana ... 
 
 albuginana 
 
 ...90 
 
 31 
 
 ccana 
 
 aleella 
 
 ...29 
 
 11 
 
 ca^cimaculana 
 
 alismana 
 
 ...37 
 
 13 
 
 caledoniana . . . 
 
 alpestrana 
 
 ...95 
 
 33 
 
 cana 
 
 alpinana 
 
 ...94 
 
 33 
 
 candidulana . . . 
 
 alternana, Stph. 
 
 ...31 
 
 11 
 
 capreana 
 
 alternana, Wilk. 
 
 ...49 
 
 17 
 
 carbonana, Dbd. 
 
 amandana 
 
 ...26 
 
 10 
 
 carbonana, Barr. 
 
 ambiguella 
 
 ...26 
 
 10 
 
 cespitana 
 
 angustana, Tr. 
 
 ...26 
 
 10 
 
 chrysantheana 
 
 angustana, Hb. 
 
 ...61 
 
 21 
 
 ciliella 
 
 angustiorana 
 
 ... 7 
 
 3 
 
 cinctana 
 
 antiquana 
 
 ...47 
 
 16 
 
 cinerana 
 
 arbutana 
 
 ...48 
 
 16 
 
 cinnamomeana 
 
 arcuella 
 
 ...44 
 
 15 
 
 circiana 
 
 argentana 
 
 ...14 
 
 6 
 
 circulana 
 
 argyrana 
 
 ...89 
 
 31 
 
 citrana 
 
 aspersana 
 
 ...22 
 
 9 
 
 cnicana 
 
 aspidiscana . . . 
 
 ...71 
 
 24 
 
 cnicicolana 
 
 atricapitana . . . 
 
 ...27 
 
 10 
 
 cognatana 
 
 atropunctana 
 
 ...44 
 
 15 
 
 colquhounana 
 
 aurana 
 
 ...90 
 
 31 
 
 comariana 
 
 badiana 
 
 ...29 
 
 11 
 
 communana ... 
 
 baumanniana 
 
 ...32 
 
 12 
 
 comparana 
 
 beatricella 
 
 ...32 
 
 12 
 
 compositel la ... 
 
 bellana 
 
 ...13 
 
 5 
 
 comptana 
 
 Pace Plate 
 
 ...16 6 
 
 ...41 14 
 
 ...53 18 
 
 ...49 16 
 
 ...24 9 
 
 ...64 21 
 
 ...21 8 
 
 ...48 16 
 
 ...70 23 
 
 ...79 27 
 
 ...96 
 
 ...84 29 
 
 ...73 25 
 
 ...18 7 
 
 ...72 <?4 
 
 ...70 24 
 
 ...42 15 
 
 ...46 16 
 
 ...47 16 
 
 ...52 17 
 
 ...11 4 
 
 ...34 12 
 
 ... 6 3 
 
 ...64 22 
 
 ... 4 2 
 
 ...69 23 
 
 ...72 
 
 ...81 28 
 
 ...29 11 
 
 ...69 23 
 
 ...92 32 
 
 ...13 5 
 
 ...17 6 
 
 ...12 5 
 
 ...17 7 
 
 ...84 29 
 
 ...54 18 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES (Synonyms in Italics). 
 
 
 Page Plate 
 
 
 Pae Plat* 
 
 congelatella . . . 
 
 ...14 6 
 
 t'avillaceana 
 
 ... 7 3 
 
 conif erana 
 
 ...8-3 28 
 
 ferrugana 
 
 ...21 8 
 
 consequa-na, H.-S. 
 
 ...56 19 
 
 fimbriana 
 
 ...89 30 
 
 consortana 
 
 ...95 33 
 
 fissurana 
 
 ...23 9 
 
 conspersana . . . 
 
 ...11 4 
 
 flavici liana 
 
 ...36 13 
 
 conterminaiia 
 
 ...71 24 
 
 flavidorsana 
 
 ...94 33 
 
 con way ana 
 
 ...16 6 
 
 flexana 
 
 ...83 29 
 
 corollana 
 
 ...93 32 
 
 f oonella 
 
 ...70 23 
 
 corticana, Hb. 
 
 ...41 14 
 
 f orskaleana . . . 
 
 ...20 8 
 
 corticana, Hb. 
 
 ...57 19 
 
 f orsterana 
 
 ... 6 2 
 
 corylana ... 
 
 ... 3 1 
 
 fracifasciana 
 
 ...75 26 
 
 cosmorphorana 
 
 ...93 32 
 
 francillonana 
 
 ...32 12 
 
 costana 
 
 ... 5 2 
 
 fuligana, Hb. 
 
 ...47 16 
 
 costipunctana 
 
 ...89 31 
 
 fuliyana, Bri. 
 
 ...46 16 
 
 crataegana 
 
 ... 2 1 
 
 fully ana, II w. 
 
 ...39 14 
 
 crenana 
 
 ...62 21 
 
 f ulvana 
 
 ...72 24 
 
 cristana 
 
 ...20 8 
 
 f unebrana 
 
 ...86 30 
 
 cruciana 
 
 ...62 21 
 
 furfurana 
 
 ...40 14 
 
 curvistrigana 
 
 ...28 10 
 
 gallicana 
 
 ...88 30 
 
 daleana 
 
 ...49 17 
 
 gallicolana 
 
 ...90 31 
 
 dealbana 
 
 ...78 26 
 
 geminana 
 
 ...75 
 
 decretana 
 
 ... 2 1 
 
 gemmiferana 
 
 ...88 30 
 
 degreyana 
 
 ...34 12 
 
 genitalana 
 
 ...12 5 
 
 demarniana 
 
 ...64 21 
 
 gentiana 
 
 ...46 16 
 
 derasana 
 
 ...54 18 
 
 germarana 
 
 ...92 32 
 
 dilucidana 
 
 ...33 12 
 
 gerningana 
 
 ... 6 2 
 
 dimidiana 
 
 ...44 15 
 
 gey erana 
 
 ...38 13 
 
 diminutana . . . 
 
 ...54 18 
 
 gilvicomana . . . 
 
 ...28 11 
 
 diniana 
 
 ...57 19 
 
 grandaevana . . . 
 
 ...69 23 
 
 dipoltella 
 
 ...29 11 
 
 grevillana 
 
 ...42 15 
 
 distinctana . . . 
 
 ...63 21 
 
 grossana 
 
 ...92 32 
 
 diversana 
 
 ... 3 1 
 
 grotiana 
 
 ... 7 3 
 
 dorsana 
 
 ...86 29 
 
 hamana 
 
 ...30 11 
 
 doubledayana 
 
 ...51 17 
 
 hartmanniana 
 
 ...41 14 
 
 dubitana 
 
 ...36 13 
 
 hastiana 
 
 ...18 7 
 
 dubrisana 
 
 ...33 12 
 
 heparana 
 
 ... 4 2 
 
 dumetana 
 
 ... 4 2 
 
 herbosana 
 
 ...95 33 
 
 duplana 
 
 ...81 
 
 holmiana 
 
 ...22 9 
 
 emargana 
 
 ...23 9 
 
 hybridella 
 
 ...37 13 
 
 ericetana 
 
 ...47 16 
 
 hypericana . . . 
 
 ...93 32 
 
 euphorbiana 
 
 ...39 14 
 
 ianthiana 
 
 ...86 30 
 
 expallidana . . . 
 
 ...72 25 
 
 immundana . . . 
 
 ...61 21 
 
INDEX OF SPECIES (Synonyms in Italict). 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Plate 
 
 
 Pare 
 
 Plate 
 
 implicitana . . . 
 
 ...34 
 
 12 
 
 mitterbacheriana 
 
 ...53 
 
 18 
 
 incanana 
 
 ...13 
 
 5 
 
 mixtana 
 
 ...21 
 
 8 
 
 incarnatana . . . 
 
 ...67 
 
 22 
 
 " musculana 
 
 ... 3 
 
 1 
 
 incertana 
 
 ...10 
 
 3 
 
 mussehliana 
 
 ...38 
 
 13 
 
 inopiana 
 
 ...25 
 
 10 
 
 mygindana 
 
 ...48 
 
 16 
 
 inornatana 
 
 ...54 
 
 18 
 
 myrtillana 
 
 ...55 
 
 19 
 
 internana 
 
 ...85 
 
 29 
 
 naevana ... 
 
 ...75 
 
 26 
 
 irriguana 
 
 ...49 
 
 17 
 
 nana ... 
 
 ...28 
 
 10 
 
 Juliana 
 
 ...91 
 
 31 
 
 nanana 
 
 ...65 
 
 22 
 
 lacunana 
 
 ...50 
 
 17 
 
 neglectana 
 
 ...78 
 
 27 
 
 Ui'tunn 
 
 ...55 
 
 19 
 
 nemorivaga . . . 
 
 ...61 
 
 20 
 
 lafauryana 
 
 ... 4 
 
 2 
 
 nigricana, H.S. 
 
 ...63 
 
 21 
 
 lanceolana 
 
 ...40 
 
 14 
 
 nigricana, Stph. 
 
 ...87 
 
 30 
 
 lariciana 
 
 ...77 
 
 
 
 nigricostana . . . 
 
 ...47 
 
 
 
 latiorana 
 
 ...71 
 
 24 
 
 nigromaculana 
 
 ...70 
 
 24 
 
 latifasciana . . . 
 
 ...51 
 
 17 
 
 nimbana 
 
 ...91 
 
 31 
 
 lecheana 
 
 ... 7 
 
 3 
 
 nisella 
 
 ...65 
 
 22 
 
 leguminana . . . 
 
 ...87 
 
 30 
 
 nitidana 
 
 ...83 
 
 29 
 
 leplastriana . . . 
 
 ...93 
 
 32 
 
 niveana 
 
 ...20 
 
 8 
 
 lipsiana 
 
 ...22 
 
 9 
 
 notulana 
 
 ...27 
 
 10 
 
 literana 
 
 ...24 
 
 
 
 nubilana 
 
 ...14 
 
 6 
 
 littoralana 
 
 ...69 
 
 23 
 
 oblongana 
 
 ...46 
 
 16 
 
 littoralis 
 
 ...39 
 
 14 
 
 obscura 
 
 ...62 
 
 
 
 loeflingiana 
 
 ...19 
 
 8 
 
 obscurana, Stph. 
 
 ...90 
 
 31 
 
 logaea 
 
 ...80 
 
 28 
 
 obscurana, Wilk. 
 
 ...90 
 
 31 
 
 logiana 
 
 ...18 
 
 7 
 
 obtusana 
 
 ...54 
 
 18 
 
 longana 
 
 ...11 
 
 4 
 
 occultana 
 
 ...57 
 
 19 
 
 lorquiniana . . . 
 
 ...23 
 
 9 
 
 ocellana 
 
 ...76 
 
 26 
 
 lundana 
 
 ...55 
 
 19 
 
 ochroleucana 
 
 ...43 
 
 15 
 
 luridana 
 
 ...37 
 
 13 
 
 ochsenheimenana 
 
 ...89 
 
 30 
 
 maccana 
 
 ...21 
 
 8 
 
 octomaculana 
 
 ...11 
 
 4 
 
 maculosana . . . 
 
 ...26 
 
 10 
 
 ophthalmicana 
 
 ...58 
 
 20 
 
 manniana 
 
 ...27 
 
 10 
 
 oppressana . . . 
 
 ...78 
 
 27 
 
 tnarginana 
 
 ...46 
 
 16 
 
 orobana 
 
 ...86 
 
 29 
 
 maritima 
 
 ...70 
 
 24 
 
 osseana 
 
 ...13 
 
 6 
 
 maritimana . . . 
 
 ...33 
 
 12 
 
 palleana 
 
 ... 8 
 
 3 
 
 mercuriana . . . 
 
 ...61 
 
 21 
 
 pallidana 
 
 ...36 
 
 13 
 
 metallicana . . . 
 
 ...19 
 
 17 
 
 pallifrontella ... 
 
 ...84 
 
 29 
 
 micana 
 
 ...50 
 
 17 
 
 paludana 
 
 ...55 
 
 19 
 
 microgrammana 
 
 ...81 
 
 28 
 
 palustrana 
 
 ...50 
 
 17 
 
 ministrana ... 
 
 ... 9 
 
 3 
 
 parvulana 
 
 ...72 
 
 24 
 
 mimitana .... 
 
 ...78 
 
 26 
 
 pascuana 
 
 ...11 
 
 4 
 
xi. 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES-(Synonyms i n Italics). 
 
 pasivana 
 
 pauperana 
 
 penkleriana . . . 
 
 penthinana . . . 
 
 penziana 
 
 perlepidana . . . 
 
 perraixtana, S.D. 
 
 permutana 
 
 perplexana 
 
 petiverella 
 
 pflugiana 
 
 piceana 
 
 pilleriana 
 
 pinicolana, I)bd. 
 
 pinivorana 
 
 plumbagana . . . 
 
 plumbana 
 
 podana 
 
 politana, Ha>v. 
 
 politana, Hb. 
 
 pomedaxana ... 
 
 pomonella 
 
 populana 
 
 posticana 
 
 postremana . . . 
 
 potentillana . . . 
 
 prodromana . . . 
 
 prof undana . . . 
 
 pronubana 
 
 proximana 
 
 pruniana 
 
 pullana 
 
 pupillana 
 
 purdeyi 
 
 purpurana 
 
 pygmaeana 
 
 qnadrana 
 
 questioniana ... 
 
 ratzeburgiana 
 
 ramella 
 
 rectifasciana 
 
 regiana 
 
 Pane 
 
 Plat* 
 
 
 Pa*e 
 
 Plate 
 
 ..11 
 
 4 
 
 reliquana 
 
 ...39 
 
 14 
 
 ..70 
 
 24 
 
 resinella 
 
 ...73 
 
 25 
 
 ..60 
 
 20 
 
 reticulata 
 
 ...23 
 
 9 
 
 ..44 
 
 15 
 
 retif erana 
 
 ...80 
 
 
 
 ..13 
 
 5 
 
 rhediellit 
 
 ...90 
 
 31 
 
 ..85 
 
 29 
 
 ribeana 
 
 ... 4 
 
 1 
 
 ..38 
 
 13 
 
 rivulana 
 
 ...51 
 
 17 
 
 ..21 
 
 8 
 
 roborana 
 
 ...67 
 
 22 
 
 ..17 
 
 
 
 rosaecolana 
 
 ...67 
 
 22 
 
 ..94 
 
 33 
 
 rosana 
 
 ... 2 
 
 1 
 
 ..69 
 
 23 
 
 roseana 
 
 ...36 
 
 13 
 
 .. 1 
 
 1 
 
 roseticolana . . . 
 
 ...86 
 
 30 
 
 ..25 
 
 10 
 
 rubiginosana ... 
 
 ...63 
 
 21 
 
 ..80 
 
 27 
 
 rufana, Sc. ... 
 
 ...52 
 
 18 
 
 ..79 
 
 27 
 
 rufana, Schi*L 
 
 ...22 
 
 9 
 
 ..95 
 
 33 
 
 rufillana 
 
 ...88 
 
 30 
 
 ..97 
 
 34 
 
 rufimitrana . . . 
 
 ...57 
 
 19 
 
 .. 2 
 
 1 
 
 rugosana 
 
 ...30 
 
 11 
 
 .. 1 
 
 1 
 
 rupicola 
 
 ...35 
 
 13 
 
 ..94 
 
 33 
 
 rusticana 
 
 ... 5 
 
 2 
 
 ..45 
 
 15 
 
 rutilana 
 
 ...29 
 
 11 
 
 ..82 
 
 28 
 
 sabulicola 
 
 ...35 
 
 12 
 
 ..91 
 
 31 
 
 salicella 
 
 ...43 
 
 15 
 
 ..73 
 
 25 
 
 sartana 
 
 ...30 
 
 
 
 ..44 
 
 15 
 
 saturnana 
 
 ...97 
 
 34 
 
 ..17 
 
 
 
 sanciana 
 
 ...42 
 
 15 
 
 .. 9 
 
 3 
 
 scabrana 
 
 ...21 
 
 8 
 
 ..45 
 
 15 
 
 schalleriana . . . 
 
 ...17 
 
 7 
 
 .. 8 
 
 3 
 
 schreibersiana 
 
 ...25 
 
 10 
 
 ..63 
 
 21 
 
 schultziana . . . 
 
 ...50 
 
 17 
 
 ..43 
 
 15 
 
 scopariana 
 
 ...85 
 
 29 
 
 ..46 
 
 16 
 
 scopoliana 
 
 ...72 
 
 24 
 
 ..71 
 
 24 
 
 scutulana 
 
 ...xxii 
 
 
 
 ..83 
 
 28 
 
 sellana 
 
 ...46 
 
 16 
 
 ..52 
 
 17 
 
 semialbana . . . 
 
 ... 6 
 
 2 
 
 ..66 
 
 22 
 
 semifasciana 
 
 ...41 
 
 14 
 
 ..67 
 
 23 
 
 semifuscana 
 
 ...59 
 
 20 
 
 ..94 
 
 33 
 
 senectana 
 
 ...96 
 
 34 
 
 ..57 
 
 19 
 
 sequana 
 
 ...96 
 
 34 
 
 ..64 
 
 21 
 
 servillana 
 
 ...87 
 
 30 
 
 ..15 
 
 6 
 
 shepherdana ... 
 
 ...22 
 
 9 
 
 ..90 
 
 31 
 
 siculana 
 
 ...55 
 
 19 
 
xtt. 
 
 INDEX OF SPECIES -(Synonyms in Italics). 
 
 signatana 
 
 Page 
 
 ...61 
 
 Plate 
 20 
 
 trimaculana, Don. 
 
 Page 
 
 ...58 
 
 Plate 
 20 
 
 similana 
 
 ...60 
 
 20 
 
 trimaculana , Hw. 
 
 ...66 
 
 22 
 
 simplana 
 
 ...76 
 
 26 
 
 tripoliana 
 
 ...71 
 
 24 
 
 simpliciana . . . 
 
 ...95 
 
 33 
 
 tripunctana . . . 
 
 ...67 
 
 22 
 
 sinuana, Hb. 
 
 ...59 
 
 20 
 
 turbidana 
 
 ...70 
 
 23 
 
 smeathmanniona 
 
 ...33 
 
 12 
 
 turionana 
 
 ...74 
 
 25 
 
 sol andriana . . . 
 
 ...59 
 
 20 
 
 udana, Gn. ... 
 
 ...27 
 
 10 
 
 sorbiana 
 
 ... 2 
 
 1 
 
 udmanniana ... 
 
 ...66 
 
 22 
 
 sordidana 
 
 ...59 
 
 20 
 
 ulicitana 
 
 ...82 
 
 28 
 
 sororculana . . . 
 
 ...42 
 
 14 
 
 ulmana 
 
 ...15 
 
 6 
 
 spiniana 
 
 ...91 
 
 31 
 
 umbrana 
 
 ...20 
 
 8 
 
 splendana 
 
 ...92 
 
 32 
 
 uncana 
 
 ...54 
 
 18 
 
 splendidulana 
 
 ...89 
 
 30 
 
 unguicella 
 
 ...54 
 
 18 
 
 sponsana 
 
 ...18 
 
 7 
 
 unif asciana . . . 
 
 ... 5 
 
 2 
 
 staintoniana 
 
 ...42 
 
 15 
 
 upupana 
 
 ...55 
 
 19 
 
 straminea 
 
 ...31 
 
 11 
 
 urticana 
 
 ...49 
 
 16 
 
 striana 
 
 ...52 
 
 
 
 ustomaculana 
 
 ...74 
 
 26 
 
 strobilella 
 
 ...87 
 
 30 
 
 ustulana, Hw. 
 
 ...46 
 
 16 
 
 subbaumanniana 
 
 ...32 
 
 12 
 
 vacciniana 
 
 ...75 
 
 26 
 
 subocellana . . . 
 
 ...60 
 
 20 
 
 variegana, Hb. 
 
 ...43 
 
 15 
 
 subroseana 
 
 ...35 
 
 13 
 
 variegana, Schif. 
 
 ...23 
 
 9 
 
 subsequana, H.-S. 
 
 ...56 
 
 19 
 
 vectisana 
 
 ...38 
 
 13 
 
 subsequana, H.-S. 
 
 ...65 
 
 22 
 
 viburniana 
 
 ... 8 
 
 3 
 
 succedana 
 
 ...82 
 
 28 
 
 virgaureana . . . 
 
 ...12 
 
 5 
 
 suff usana 
 
 ...66 
 
 22 
 
 viridana 
 
 ...19 
 
 8 
 
 sylvestrana . . . 
 
 ...83 
 
 28 
 
 vineana 
 
 ...51 
 
 17 
 
 taedella 
 
 ...64 
 
 21 
 
 wahlbomiana 
 
 ...48 
 
 16 
 
 tanaceti 
 
 ...95 
 
 33 
 
 wahlbomiana 
 
 ...15 
 
 
 
 tetragonana . . . 
 
 ...67 
 
 22 
 
 walsinghamnna 
 
 ...38 
 
 13 
 
 tetraquetrana 
 
 ...64 
 
 21 
 
 woeberiana . . . 
 
 ...53 
 
 18 
 
 thuliana 
 
 ...26 
 
 10 
 
 woodiana 
 
 ...51 
 
 17 
 
 torrana 
 
 ...97 
 
 34 
 
 xylosteana 
 
 ... 2 
 
 1 
 
 tortricella 
 
 ...14 
 
 6 
 
 zephyr ana 
 
 ...33 
 
 12 
 
 tra vmian a 
 
 ...90 
 
 31 
 
 zoegana 
 
 ...31 
 
 11 
 
 trigeminana ... 
 
 ...69 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
xtn. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 After gathering together a fair collection of the British 
 butterflies and larger moths, I found, in company with 
 many other collectors of the British Lepidoptera, that, to 
 a certain extent, Eome was conquered, and fresh fields for 
 study must be opened up. Often it is not until this point 
 is reached that the attention is turned to the " Micros," 
 those marvellous little gems, of which many are so small 
 that the keenest eye can hardly see to appreciate their 
 beauty. Yet, with the perversity of human nature, it is 
 not till the eye grows dim, that the average Lepidopterist 
 begins his study of these fascinating objects. Possibly 
 there is a reason for this otherwise unfortunate delay. The 
 hand steadies, and becomes expert with practice, and the 
 setting of a Micro, which would daunt a beginner, becomes 
 easy to the experienced; hence the readiness in later life 
 to attempt the more difficult. Thus after years spent in 
 the preparation of the genitalia of the larger species, I 
 decided to complete my collection of slides of the British 
 Lepidoptera, and I now present the third volume of the 
 series, which deals with the Tortricidce. I have in this 
 volume been fortunate in securing the co-operation of the 
 Eev. J. W. Metcalfe, who, in his great love of the Science, 
 and at no little sacrifice, has made the drawings as fast 
 as I could obtain the specimens, and prepare the slides, 
 and I take this opportunity of offering to him my grateful 
 thanks for this most valuable help. The result has been 
 to speed up the work, and had it not been for the terrible 
 war. this volume, dealing with the Tortricidce, might have 
 been published in 1917. As this was impossible, I can now 
 
xtv. 
 
 present it in a more complete form, while some few species, 
 then considered unprocurable, have come to hand, and 
 enabled me to fill up most of the remaining gaps. 
 
 In the previous volumes the genitalia were drawn to 
 scale, a fact which had in some respects a certain advantage; 
 but it had also the disadvantage of reducing the figures of 
 the smaller species so greatly as to destroy their value. 
 After carefully weighing the pros and cons, we decided to 
 keep the drawings fairly uniform in size, in order that the 
 different and characteristic points, in even the smallest 
 species, might be shown. 
 
 I have found the ' ' Tortrix men ' ' so generous in 
 helping with specimens, many in cases of difficulty sending 
 their entire series to "do as I liked with," that I have 
 added the names of the donors to the species, so kindly 
 provided by them, and I wish this to be a record of my 
 grateful thanks. 
 
 The ever difficult question of the Nomenclature has 
 been considered, although from the point of view of my 
 particular study, the question of names is really a matter 
 of no great importance. The generic names have been 
 worked out with the aid of Mr. C. H. Fernald's "The 
 Genera of the Tortricidae and their types." Where we have 
 been unable to find any existing generic name, we have left 
 a blank space, and the same with regard to the type. So 
 many genera have been created for foreign species, that, 
 until these have been examined from a genitalic point of 
 view, we have been averse to providing superfluous names 
 for genera which may already exist. These blanks may 
 be filled in as our knowledge increases. For the specific 
 names I have relied mainly on the type collection in the 
 Victoria Museum at Manchester, named by Mr. J. H. 
 Durrant, and to him I am indebted for much help in this, 
 and other matters. 
 
 I believe the compilation we have arrived at to be 
 
XV. 
 
 the most natural classification at present attainable, but 
 we refer further to this point in the Introduction. 
 
 I should like to state that I have already made progress 
 in the study of a large number of species of the Tineidce. 
 The acquisition of the late Mr. A. C. Vine's almost 
 complete collection v; ill greatly expedite the microscopical 
 part of the work, and I hope to publish, at no distant date, 
 an account of the Genitalia of the Tineida. 
 
 F. N. PIEECE. 
 
 THE OLD KECTORY, 
 
 WARMINGTON, 
 OUNDLE, NORTHANTS. 
 
 23rd 'November, 1921. 
 
xvt- 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 If it be asked what is the most arresting result of our 
 prolonged study of the genitalia of the Tortricidce , we 
 should be inclined to reply, the way in which the species 
 fall into clearly defined groups. In other words, the 
 genitalia are strongly generic in character, and it is possible 
 to place, at once, a species in the group to which it belongs. 
 If it be further asked what light the genitalia shed on the 
 historic relationship of the groups or genera, we have to 
 confess that it is very little. This is not to be wondered at; 
 the fact that the genera are so clearly defined shows how 
 many connecting species have ceased to exist; and, further, 
 the British species form but a part of the whole. Nor is 
 it yet possible to say where the Tortricidce should be placed 
 amongst the Lepidoptera. We find a connecting link with 
 the Geometridfe, where the characteristic hinged, and, 
 much curved penis of the Tortricidto, appears in the 
 Chesiadince , notably in Anaitis plagiata, where also there 
 is a kindredship between the females; and in the Tortrix- 
 like form of Odezia atrata; but clearly a phylogenetic tree, 
 from the genitalic point of view, is not yet possible. 
 
 When we come to specific differences the position is 
 quite otherwise. Here the differences, although constant, 
 are sometimes extremely small, and in these cases it was 
 necessary to make many preparations before they could be 
 detected. Within the groups it is possible to secure a 
 perfectly natural sequence. 
 
 In the present volume we have gone further than in 
 the two previous ones, and present a definite scheme of 
 classification, based entirely on the genitalia. We rate 
 very highly the classificatory value of the genitalia, on the 
 
ground, that, upon the form of the genitalh the segregation 
 of species depends, and, further, that changes in the 
 process of development, which would amount to the 
 formation of a new species, must of necessity be reflected 
 in the form of the genitalia, if that development is to be 
 made permanent. Thus, while fully admitting that the 
 final classification can only be arrived at upon the study 
 of all the characters, we feel confident that the present 
 arrangement marks a big step towards the goal, and our 
 confidence is strengthened by the close agreement of our 
 results with those of Mr. E. Meyrick, which were reached 
 by the study of other structural characters. 
 
 A word must be said with regard to the names 
 employed for the different parts of the genitalia. The most 
 recent work of importance on the subject is contained in 
 Professor N. J. Kusnezov's " Introduction to the Fauna 
 of Kussia," Petrograd, 1915, wherein ha treats of the 
 names of the parts as used by various authors. This work 
 was published directly after the publication of " The 
 Genitalia of the British GeometridcE," but the author was 
 only acquainted with the previous volume en the British 
 Noctuidcv. We are therefore unable to accept his names 
 for the parts that had already been named in ' The 
 Genitalia of the British Geometridcc." 
 
 After full consideration of what has been written in 
 criticism of the names employed in that work, we find no 
 reason for changing them, and we accordingly employ them 
 in this present volume, referring our readers to the former 
 for definitions and descriptions. We are quite 
 satisfied that the parts of the Tortricid genitalia 
 are homologous with those found in the Geometridce, and 
 we are averse to creating new names for mere 
 modifications of the same organs. Some day it 
 may come to be generally recognised, that, as we believe, 
 the genitalia in all orders of insects are built upon a common 
 
xvttt. 
 
 plan, although greatly modified in detail, and a reduction 
 and simplication of names be arrived at, which is much 
 to be desired. 
 
 It is necessary at this point to refer to some 
 characteristic features of the Tortricid genitalia. One very 
 distinctive character is the form of the penis, which is 
 cardinate or hinged, and much curved. It bears a strong 
 resemblence to a pistol, and we have already noticed the 
 curious occurrence of this form at the end of the Geometers, 
 in the Chesiadina. Dealing with external parts of the 
 tenth abdominal segment in the male, we note that the 
 uncus is largely undeveloped, and, with the exception of a 
 few groups, the same may be said of the gnathos. On the 
 other hand the socii are generally large and prominent; 
 they may be erect bergmanniana pi. vi., or drooping osseana 
 pi. vi., the latter being the more usual form. The 
 transtilla is strongly developed in some of the groups. 
 The anus is generally a thin membraneous tube. In the 
 ninth segment, the tegumen (with the exception of its 
 ventral portion, the saccus), is strongly developed. The 
 latter is very short, and in the group Phaloniadii, we find 
 it in a very instructive condition. Here the two arms of 
 the saccus are disconnected, and in certain Tineidce they 
 are similarly disconnected, and also very long. From this 
 it seems clear that the saccus is really a development of 
 the two projections which hinge the body segments 
 together, and which are so conspicuously developed in the 
 anal segments of the female. We have also found examples 
 where these connecting rods unite the uncus and gnathos 
 in the ninth segment. 
 
 In the valvsB, the costa, valvula, and sacculus are almost 
 universally fused together. A striking exception to this is 
 found amongst the species of the genus Phalonia. Here in 
 three of the four species the costa leaves the valvula 
 completely, and, entirely altering its position, seems to 
 
XIX. 
 
 form a new organ, or one that might easily be mistaken 
 for some other part. In the fourth species, rupicola, the 
 costa reverts to its normal position. The four species are, 
 however, most closely allied in all other directions, and thus 
 it is clear, the sacculus being often quite distinct, that the 
 valva is a composite organ, composed of three separable 
 parts. 
 
 The term harpe is always rather indefinite, and in the 
 TortricidcB would generally be synonymous with the costa, 
 we therefore do not employ it. 
 
 In the Geometridcc the term furca was employed in 
 those cases were the sacculi were separated from the 
 \alvula), and united centrally, so as to form one organ. 
 The term, it appears, had already been employed to 
 represent other organs in the Lyccenidcv. In the present 
 volume we therefore describe such cases by saying that the 
 sacculi are centrally united. 
 
 The eighth segment, as we should expect from the 
 fact that the genitalia are not withdrawn behind it, is 
 remarkably devoid of ornamentation, though occasionally 
 coremata exist. 
 
 We have been criticised for dividing the parts 
 and organs by the expressions external and internal. 
 We would point out that some parts develop within the 
 abdomen, and only become external at the end of this 
 process, at which time they also become fused to the 
 tegumen. These parts we call the internal parts, but we 
 have to admit that the valvae should, strictly speaking, be 
 reckoned with them. The penis, as we nave said, is very 
 characteristic of the family. The aedoeagus is generally 
 much curved, and hinged to the 'central, shield-shaped, 
 juxta; thus the elaborate arrangement surrounding the 
 penis, so prominent in the Geometridce, is rendered 
 unnecessary. The aedceagus is as a rule simple, sometimes 
 it is dentate, very rarely branched. The vesica is not only 
 
XX. 
 
 armed with cornuti in the form of fixed spines, which, 
 notwithstanding, may sometimes be broken off during 
 copulation, but they are usually accompanied also by long, 
 flattened, almost fish-shaped, deciduous spines. These 
 latter remain in the bursa of the female after copulation. 
 
 Turning now to the female, we draw attention to the 
 ovipositor. This usually consists of a pair of flattened lobes, 
 clothed with fine spines. Some specialized forms, however, 
 appear. The first is telescopic, clearly developed to meet 
 the case where the ovum has to be deposited far down, 
 e.g., within a long rolled grass leaf. The second is the 
 highly specialized form we have called floricomous. It 
 occurs in the group Cnephasidii, and, in a less developed 
 stage, in Tortrix viridana, L. and Zeiraphera trimaculana 
 Don. Some light has been shed upon this curious form by 
 the interesting observations of Mr. A. Sich; in these 
 he records that the eggs of Tortrix viridana are 
 laid in pairs, and then covered with green scales from the 
 upper surface of the anterior wings. For this purpose the 
 highly specialized floricomous ovipositor would be eminently 
 suitable. Other peculiar forms, occurring sporadically in 
 genera with usually normal ovipositors, point clearly to 
 specialization; e.g., the strong form designed for cutting 
 purposes, as in Commophila ceneana. 
 
 The ostium is commonly in the form of a cup, but the 
 ductus bursae is often useful in separating otherwise closely 
 similar species. The signum is highly important, and we 
 have relied largely upon it in forming the larger groups. 
 In certain cases, it is true, it is absent, but here the form 
 of the male genitalia leaves no doubt as to the position the 
 female should occupy. We are unable to make any 
 suggestion as to the use of the signum, and find its 
 occasional absence equally unaccountable. In accordance 
 with this character we arrive at the nine following large 
 groups : 
 
XXI. 
 
 Archipsidii : Signum a single smooth horn with bulbed 
 
 base. 
 Cnephasidii : Signum a dentate band. 
 
 Peroneidii : Signum a single stellate plate. 
 
 Phaloniadii : Large dentations covering the bursa. 
 
 Olethreutidii : Signa two scobinate circles or discs; or 
 a pocket. 
 
 Ancylisidii : Signa two triangular hollow plates. 
 
 Epiblemidii : Signa pilleate. 
 
 Ephippiphoridii : Signa two horns. 
 
 Lipotychidii : Signa one horn. 
 
 By means of our investigations we have had the pleasure 
 of adding some new species to the British list, viz. : 
 
 Cnephasia genitalana, E.M.M. Vol. 51, 1915, p. 8. 
 
 Eudemis pomedaxana, E.M.M., Vol. 51, 1915, p. 9. 
 
 Lipoptycha aratana, E.M.M., Vol. 51, 1915, p. 10. 
 
 Lipoptycha torrana, a species still awaiting description. 
 
 Peronea fissurana, E.M.M. , Vol. 51, 1915, p. 327. 
 
 Astatia sinuana, which has hitherto been considered 
 merely a variety of A. solandriana. 
 
 Epiblema littoralana, E.M.M., Vol. 51, 1915, p. 327. 
 
 On the other hand, we can find no difference from a 
 genitalic point of view, between the following pairs of 
 species : 
 
 Argyroploce carbonana pnd A. nigricostana. 
 
 Argrotoxa schalleriana and A. perplexana. 
 
 Celypa striana and C. purpurana. 
 
 Spilonota ocellana and S. lariciana. 
 
 Rhopobota ncevana and R. geminana, 
 
 In view however of the minute differences, which none 
 the less when detected, are found to be constant, separating 
 other pairs of species; and in the face cf the apparently 
 great and constant differences in the wing markings of the 
 above pairs, we do not feel able tc pronounce positively 
 upon their identity. 
 
XXII. 
 
 In a few species the genitalia appear to be in a plastic 
 condition, and we find considerable variations. Our 
 conclusion is that the species are actually in the process of 
 being differentiated into two or more. 
 
 Epiblema pflugiana affords a good example. Here we 
 meet with at least three forms, very distinct externally; 
 (i) the large pale form with the smaller dark female 
 (scutulana); (ii) the middle form in which both sexes are 
 of the same size, and both have dark hind wings (circiana); 
 (iii) a small form taken in the Fens. This last appears most 
 closely allied to the first, but the genitalia give no constant 
 character on which to separate any of the three. 
 
 Catoptria scopoliana and C. parvulana may be another 
 case of two species in process of differentiation. 
 
 A valuable result of our work will be the practical aid 
 it affords in separating species of very similar and often 
 indistinguishable appearance ; e.g., the Cnephasias. Often 
 it will be found possible to determine a specimen, without 
 mounting the abdomen, or in any way damaging it, by 
 means of the genitalia. It would much facilitate later 
 examination of any doubtful specimen, if at the time of 
 setting, a dorso-ventral squeeze were given to the end of 
 the abdomen with a pair of fine pointed forceps. This 
 would have the effect of extending the valvae of the male 
 genitalia. An example of this practical value of the 
 examination of the unmounted genitalia will be found in 
 the plate of the Cnephasias given in the Entomologist's 
 Kecord, Vol. 27, 1915, pi. iii.; another was given by Lord 
 Walsingham, E.M.M., Vol. 34, 1898, pi. ii. With the 
 help of the drawings given in this volume we think there 
 will be little difficulty in separating many other closely 
 allied species. 
 
 NOTE. The numbers placed in the text after the specific 
 names indicate the number of mounts, male and female 
 respectively, made of that species. 
 
Classification of the British Tortricidae 
 
 based on the structure of the male and 
 
 female Genitalia. 
 
 TORTRICID^E. 
 
 I. ARCHIPSIDII. 
 
 Male with valvse broad. Uncus, Gnathos and Transtilla well 
 developed ; Cornuti deciduous. Female with Ovipositor 
 flattened; Signa a single smooth horn with bulbed base. 
 
 GENUS 1. Argyrotaenia, Stp. TYPE politana, Haw. 
 Argyrotaenia politana. Haw. 21 
 
 Valva distinctly rounded; transtilla indenc. Cornuti 9-10, 
 very broad, short, pointed (apple pips). 
 
 Ductus bursae narrow, a strong thickening at the 
 junction with the bursa. 
 
 GENUS 2. Archips Hb. TYPE piceana, L. 
 
 In the male the valvae are broad with the sacculus well 
 developed. Uncus strong, generally lon^, with gnathos 
 well developed. Transtilla a simple band, strong. Cornuti 
 deciduous. 
 
 In the female the ovipositor angulated, flattened. 
 Ostium generally with well divided operculum. Ductus 
 bursaa very long, narrow. Signum long, horn shaped. 
 
 Archips piceana, L. S. J. Capper l l 
 
 Valva rounded; sacculus long curved not reaching margin 
 of valva. Uncus cylindrical, apex rounded and flattened; 
 gnathos pointed. ^Edceagus sharply pointed; cornuti three, 
 
 long. 
 
 Ostium wide with central lobe behind. Signum long, 
 
 base short, rounded. 
 
2 
 
 Ar chips deer e tana, TV. A. . Atmore l l 
 Sacculus Jong curved extending just beyond margin of 
 valva. Cornuti long, about 12-14. 
 
 Ostium wide, deeply cleft in front, central lobe behind 
 very small. 
 
 Archips podana, Scop. 5 7 
 
 Sacculus broad, curved, not reaching margin of valva. 
 ^doeagus angularly pointed; cornuti 5-6. 
 
 Ostium wide, fleeply cleft in front, central lobe behind 
 small constricted. 
 
 Archips cratacgana, Hb. A. E. Atmore 11 
 Sacculus encroaching centrally, pointed, not reaching 
 margin of valva. ^Edoeagus not curved, short; cornuti 3. 
 
 Ostium rather narrow, without operculum. Signum 
 comparatively short, flattened, with small base, without 
 scar. 
 
 Archips xylosteana, L. l l 
 
 Sacculus encroaching centrally, tips rounded, not reaching 
 margin of valva. Cornnti 5. 
 
 Ostium without operculum. Signum short, base 
 rounded, with considerable scar. 
 
 Archips rosana, L. W. Mansbridge 53 
 
 Sacculus encroaching centrally a considerable distance from 
 margin of valva, tip pointed. Uncus wider above. 
 ^Edoeagus straight with long, slender, projecting spine at 
 
 apex. Cornuti 3-4. 
 
 Ostium narrow, without operculum. Signum com- 
 paratively short, base extended, curved, scar well marked. 
 
 Archips sorbiana, Hb. 41 
 
 Sacculus bluntly rounded, not reaching margin of valva 
 Uncus short, broad, socii developed. ^Edoaagus truncate, 
 with angulated point. Cornuti 6. 
 
3 
 
 Signum comparatively short, base slightly extended, 
 scar small. 
 
 Archips diversana, Hb. J. W. M. 11 
 
 Genitalia small compared with size of insect. 
 
 Valva much reduced. Sacculus strong, obtusely 
 pointed, reaching beyong valva. Uncus clavate; socii large. 
 ^Edoeagus slightly spiral, tip curved, pointed. Cornuti 8. 
 Octaval bilobed with inwardly projecting central rod. 
 
 Signum fairly long, without base, scar large. 
 
 Archips musculana, Hb. 31 
 
 var musculmana, Knl. W. Claxton 10 
 
 Both male and female show close connection to this group. 
 
 Valva full; sacculus broad, bluntly rounded before the 
 margin. ^Edoeagus slightly ridged, with points; cornuti 
 long, 3-4. 
 
 Ductus bursae sharply narrowed. Signum short, 
 pointed; scar scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 3. Pandemis, Hb. TYPE corylana, Fab. 
 
 The heavy coremeta of this group confirm the wisdom of 
 excluding these non-folded costa species from the former 
 group. 
 
 Valva full; sacculus not free; transtilLi a simple band. 
 Uncus usually broad; gnathos only free at the tip. Cornuti 
 large, deciduous. 
 
 Ostium without operculum; ductus bursae fairly long. 
 
 Pandemis corylana, F6. W. Mansbridge 21 
 Valva very full, rounded. Uncus very broad, few fine 
 spines. ^Edoeagus curved; cornuti strong, geniculate 
 towards the base, 2. 
 
 Ostium wide, ductus bursae sharply narrowed, but 
 widens immediately to the bursa. Signum short, with large 
 base and large scar; bursa has also two ovate, scobinate 
 patches. 
 
Pandemis ribeana, Hb. 32 
 
 Transtilla indent. Uncus broad, many fine spines. 
 JMoeagus geniculate; cornuti very strong, 2. 
 Signum short, slightly dentate. 
 
 Pandemis heparana, Schiff. 31 
 
 Uncus very broad, set with coarse spines on either lobe. 
 ^Edoeagus geniculate, with ridge of spines, a small one at 
 apex; cornuti large, 3. 
 
 Signum short, base rounded, scar 
 
 Pandemis dumetana, Tr. 20 
 
 Lady Robinson, Messrs. Atmore, Adkin, Gardner, Whittle 
 and Ford have all tried to send female of this species, but 
 so far I have failed to obtain this sex. Mr. Thurnall 
 examined his series, all were males. The Honble. N. C. 
 Rothschild informs us he has a female in his collection. 
 
 .Valva rounded, produced above; sacculus slightly 
 extending beyond the margin of valva. Uncus very broad, 
 bilobed at apex; gnathos narrow, rounded point. Cornuti 
 strong, 2. 
 
 Pandemis cinnamomeana, Tr. J.W.M. 2 1 
 
 Sacculus narrowed to fine line. Uncus very broad, slightly 
 indent; gnathos sharply pointed. Cornuti sharply geniculate 
 towards base, 2. 
 
 Signum short with projecting arm; base large, rounded; 
 scar large. 
 
 Pandemis lafauryana, Ragt. 21 
 
 Valva triangular, apex with patch of long scales; sacculus 
 angular with long projecting spine, afterwards curving 
 upward. Cornuti 10-11. Anellus lobes broad. 
 
 Ductus bursae narrow, very long, scobinate at the 
 junction of the bursa. 
 
The female seems to indicate the genus Ar chips, the 
 coremata of the male the genus Pandemis, thus forming a 
 connecting link. 
 
 GENUS 4. TYPE 
 
 uaifasciana, Dup. 
 
 This species starts a new group with the pointed sacculus 
 and dentate transtilla. 
 
 Pandemis lafauryana is the connecting link, the 
 sacculus being developed but the transtilla remaining simple. 
 
 Valva much reduced; harpe a ridge set with eight or 
 nine long, curved, articulated spines; sacculus short, with 
 point on outer margin. Transtilla divided, arms coarsely 
 spined. Uncus very broad. JMoeagus almost straight with 
 central projecting narrow spine; cornuti 3. 
 
 Signum curved, dentate on edge. 
 
 GENUS 5. Clepsis, Gn. TYPE rusticana, TV. 
 
 Valvula weak set with long scales; sacculus not free, some- 
 times spined; transtilla dentate, often separated. Uncus 
 broad; gnathos strongly developed. Cornuti deciduous. 
 
 Ductus bursae fairly short. Signum horn-like, with 
 bulbed base. 
 
 Clepsis rusticana, Tr. 
 
 Valva small ; cost a with projecting spines ; sacculus 
 angulate with central arm; transtilla divided, coarsely 
 spined. Uncus broad; gnathos broad. ^Edoeagus almost 
 straight, with curved projecting spine; cornuti 2. Anellus 
 lobes large, spatulate. 
 
 Ostium edge thickened rather elaborate; ductus burs 
 considerably shorter and wider than preceding species; 
 signum curved, base strong, scar large, roughly scobinate. 
 
 Clepsis COfttana, Fab. W. Mansbridge 11 
 
 Costa produced towards base, set with bunch of spatulate 
 
scales; transtilla divided spined. JMceagus straight; 
 cornuti 13-14. 
 
 Ostium central lobe behind; ductus bursae narrow, 
 short; signum short, wide, base rounded. 
 
 GENUS 6. Lozotaenia, Stph. TYPE forsterana, Fab. 
 
 Lozotaenia forstcrana, Fab. 2 2 
 
 Valva triangular; transtilla indent, lobes dentate. ^Edoeagus 
 angularly spined at apex; cornuti 3. 
 
 Ostium narrow; ductus bursae finely spined above. 
 
 Lozotaenia semialbana, Gn. li 
 
 W. Purdey, R. Adkin ; the female, The Hon. N. C. 
 Rothschild. 
 
 Valva long, rounded; transtilla dentate. Uncus broad, 
 tapered. JMoeagus short ; cornuti long, 5. 
 
 Ductus bursao short, narrow; signum pointed, base 
 rounded, scar large. 
 
 GENUS 7. Philedone, Hb. TYPE gerningana, Schiff. 
 
 Philedone gerningana, Schiff. 11 
 
 Male, Lady Robinson; the female body I obtained thus : 
 In the Thretfall cabinet was a female wing parts and a 
 number of loose bodies in the drawer; these I prepared and 
 found one different to any other species, this I concluded 
 was the female of this species. 
 
 Transtilla broad, squared, scobinate, spatulate. Gnathos 
 broad. ^Edoeagus short with protruding lip; cornutus a 
 single spine set in a peduncle, dentate at the cup. 
 
 Ostium very wide; ductus bursae short; bursa simple. 
 
 GENUS 8. TYPE 
 
 cinctana, Schiff. 11 
 
 Messrs. Whittle, Purdey, and Porritt. 
 
 Sacculus with slight obtuse projection; transtilla 
 
divided, finely spined. .rEdoeagus with ridge of spines. 
 Cornuti absent. 
 
 Ductus bursse narrow, rather long; signa absent. 
 
 GENUS 9. Epagoge, Hb. TYPE grotiana, Fab. 
 
 Epagoge grotiana, Fab. J.W.Tutt 1 1 
 
 Transtilla weakly chitinised, set with long slender spines. 
 Cornuti long, 7. 
 
 Bursa simple; signa absent. 
 
 GENUS 10 Ptycholoma, Stph. TYPE lecheana, L. 
 Ptycholoma lecheana, L. 41 
 
 Valva triangular, heavily set with long clavate scales; 
 sacculus short, strong, pointed; transtilla bilobed, set with 
 spines, ^doeagus squared at the apex, forming two points, 
 one very long; cornuti short, very slender spines, 3-6. 
 
 Ostium deeply cleft, strongly chitinised lobe behind; 
 signum broad, short, sharply tapered. 
 
 GENUS 11. Capua, Stph. TYPE favillaceana, Hb. 
 
 Capua angustiorana, Haw. 5 2 
 
 Valva elongate, squared; transtilla simple band. Uncus 
 short, wide, squared; gnathos only free at the tip, rounded. 
 Cornuti short, not deciduous, 3. 
 
 Ductus bursoe rather long; signum short, small scar on 
 buna. 
 
 Capua favilfaceana, Hb. 
 
 Messrs. Lofthouse and Adkin 2 1 
 
 Closely allied to cinctana, gerningana, and grotiana, 
 probably connecting links to Cnephasia, nearest species to 
 pronubana. 
 
 Sacculus elaborate, terminating in two spines; transtilla 
 a simple band. JMoeagus curved, obtusely pointed at apex; 
 cornuti absent. 
 
 Ostium wide; ductus bursse somewhat long, bursa 
 simple; signa absent. 
 
GENUS 12, TYPE 
 
 pronubana, Hb. 11 
 
 Adkin and Mansbridge 
 
 The long ductus bursae seems to connect this with species 
 in the genus Ar chips, but the male genitalia does not bear 
 this out. 
 
 Valva reduced; sacculus elaborate, a long spine beyond 
 the middle, followed by a short one, apex rounded and free; 
 transtilla a strong bridge produced and lob^d at either side. 
 Uncus broad, indent. JMceagus hardly curved, protrudes 
 from a pair of long anellus lobes, spined at the apex. 
 
 Ductus bursse long, slender; signum very small, 
 dentate, double pointed. 
 
 GENUS 13. Amelia, Hb. TYPE viburniana, Fab. 
 Amelia palleana, ///;. 11 
 
 The elaboration of the gnathos suggests a separate genus 
 for these species. 
 
 Valva broad; sacculus strongly thickened, transtilla 
 sides almost parallel. Uncus broad, rounded above; gnathos 
 pointed, before the junction with the tegumen at either side 
 is a long lobed arm. ^Edoeagus short, with protruding 
 central spine, apex with obtuse spine; cornuti long, 
 slender, 2. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened normal. Signuni long, slightly 
 dentate, base lobed. 
 
 Amelia viburniana, Fab. 5 3 
 
 Cabinet specimens of this and palleana when similar in 
 colour can easily be determined by examination of the 
 generally protruding uncus which will show either indent 
 or rounded. 
 
 Valva short, tapered; sacculus tips free, pointed; 
 transtilla indent, lobes strongly spined. Uncus deeply 
 emarginate above; gnathos pointed, at either side is a 
 strongly dentate arm. ^Edoeagus broad; cornuti absent. 
 
9 
 
 Ovipositor specialised not flattened. Ostium narrow, at 
 either side is a deep triangular sac; dtictus bursae long; 
 signa very small, double pointed. 
 
 Amelia prodromana Hb. 11 
 
 Lady Robinson, Messrs. Whittle and Gibbs. 
 
 Valva reduced; sacculus short, produced, lobed; 
 transtilla a simple band. Uncus broad, tapered, apex 
 squared, indent; gnathos pointed, at either side is a long, 
 pointed arm. Jidoeagus emarginate at the apex; cornuti 
 short, 5, broad daggers springing from weak peduncles. 
 
 Ovipositor specialised, two complete ovate pads. Ostium 
 wide; ductus bursse scobinate above; signum obtusely 
 pointed. 
 
 GENUS 14. Eulia, Hb. TYPE ministrana L. 
 
 Eulia ministrana L. 31 
 
 This species requires a separate genus on account of the 
 acicular sedocagns and the pannicular bursa. The only 
 instance of this geometric! form of bursa we have found 
 among the Tortricida. 
 
 Valva elongate without sacculus, tranbtilla extended in 
 a pair of long curved spines. Uncus narrow, wider above, 
 indent; gnathos wide, spatulate, almost square at the tip. 
 /Edceagus acicular, cardinate. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, normal. Ostium narrow, with side 
 guides; ductus bursa} fairly short, bursa pannicular. 
 
 II. CNEPHASIDII. 
 
 This group divides into several genera which are closelj 
 related. Hitherto a very difficult group to determine by 
 wing markings, but examination of the genitalia in dried 
 specimens removes all difficulties. We gave a plate 
 exhibiting the appearance of the underside (ventral) of the 
 male genitalia in dried specimens by which any species 
 may be identified, in the Entomologists Record, 1915, 
 p. 99. 
 
10 
 
 Male with valvse elongate. Uncus well developed. 
 Cornuti generally absent. Female with floricomous 
 ovipositor. 
 
 Signum a dentate band. 
 
 GENUS 1. Cncphasia, Curt. TYPE pasivana, Hb. 
 
 Valva elongate, sacculus well developed terminating in a 
 tuft of aglutinated spines; tegumen high. Uncus heavily 
 and minutely spined; socii drooping. ^SCdceagus cardinate, 
 cornuti absent, except in incertana and abrasana. 
 
 Ovipositor floricomous except in incertana and abrasana. 
 Signum a long, scobinate band. 
 
 Cncphasia incertana, Tr. A. Lofthouse 64 
 The retractile ovipositor and long uncus without the minute 
 spines but set with hairs, and the broad gnathos, seem to 
 place this and probably abrasana in a separate genus. 
 
 Valva curved; sacculus brought well inwards toward 
 the centre. Uncus long, set with long regular hairs, tip 
 dentate; gnathos broad. 
 
 Ovipositor retractile. Ostium narrow; signum short, 
 sides parallel, dentate. 
 
 Cnephasia abrasana, Dup. 10 
 
 This species has been introduced into the British list, but 
 so far we have failed to find any British example. The 
 true abrasana is in the collections of Heinemann and Frey 
 in the British Museum. The preparation here given is a 
 male from a series of four specimens in Dr. Mason's 
 Continental types. Of the four specimens two had no body, 
 another was a female with a floricomous genitalia to the 
 glued -on body, and one a true abrasana male 
 
 Valva straight; sacculus very short, broad, with large 
 tuft of spines (chrysantheana form). Uncus set with long 
 regular hairs. 
 
11 
 
 The female has a soft, rounded ovipositor. It may be 
 extensile. Hofmann Ento Annual, 1873, p. 54, says : " We 
 find the pointed form of ovipositor." But as we have been 
 unable to obtain a specimen for preparation, we can only 
 judge from the dried specimens, which are certainly 
 different from incertana. 
 
 Cncphasia conspersana, Dougl. 82 
 
 R. Adkin, J . Gardner. 
 
 Valva slightly curved; sacculuc extending one-half, inwardly, 
 tips long, free, reaching the costa. Uncus minutely spined. 
 ^doeagus pointed, with obtuse spine (rose thorn). 
 
 Ovipositor floricomous. Ductus bursre comes straight 
 down on the right side, narrows and is thickened on the 
 left side; signum long, dentations double. 
 
 Cncphasia longana, Haw. 3 2 
 
 Valva straight, sharply pointed; sacculus short. 
 
 Ductus bursae narrows from either side; signum 
 scobinations disjointed, slightly widening. 
 
 Cncphasia pasivana, Hb. 4 3 
 
 Whittle and J. W. M. 
 
 Valva straight, pointed; sacculus extends beyond one-half, 
 
 produced along the outer margin. 
 
 Ductus bursac not narrowed, short, sides not thickened. 
 Bignum narrow. 
 
 Cncphasia chrysanthcana, Dup. 32 
 
 Lady Robinson, Whittle and Mansbridge. 
 Valva straight, bluntly rounded; sacculus extends three- 
 quarters. ^Edosagus with small rounded keel before the 
 orifice 
 
 Ductus bursae short. Signum very long, piriform. 
 
 Cncphasia octomaculana, Haw. 32 
 
 Lady Robinson, Whittle and J. W. M. 
 Valva straight, bluntly rounded; sacculus more than 
 
12 
 
 one-half, but less than three-quarters. JMoeagus with small 
 rounded keel before the orifice. 
 
 Ductus bursae short; signum long, piriform. 
 
 We are unable to detect any difference between the 
 female of this species and chrysantheana. 
 
 Cnephasia communana, H-S. 21 
 
 Mansbridye (ThurnaH's Specimen), and J. W. M. 
 We confirm Barrett's opinion, Lep. B. Isles, Vol. x., 
 p. 264. that these specimens are a distinct species, but 
 whether they are the communana of H.S. or not, we have 
 no means of ascertaining. 
 
 Valva straight, bluntly rounded indent before sacculus; 
 sacculus almost three-quarters. Uncus minutely spined 
 narrows more quickly than preceding two species. 
 2Edoeagus with dentate ridge. 
 
 Ostium triangular; ductus burs.T bulbed at either 
 side; signum piriform. 
 
 . Cnephasia virgaureana, Tr. 62 
 
 Richards and Gardner. 
 
 Valva with edges parallel, margin squared; sacculus 
 extended the length of the valva. ^Edoeagns stout, stumpy, 
 with serrate rounded keel before the apex. 
 
 Ductus bursjp very weak; signum evenly piriform. 
 
 Cnephasia genital ana, Pierce and Metcalf. 3^3 
 R Adkin and J. W. M. 
 
 Valva short, obtusely pointed; sacculus very long, strong, 
 extending beyond the valva, much curved. ZEdoeagus 
 slender, pointed; vesica evenly scobinate. 
 
 Ductus bursfe geniculate, narrowed; signum long, 
 double row of teeth. 
 
 GENUS 2. Nephodesme, ffb. TYPE penziana, Thunberg. 
 The distinct modification of the uncal parts; the absence of 
 gnathos; the spined transtilla, warrant a separate genus 
 for this group. 
 
13 
 
 Valva long, curved; sacculus developed, not spined at 
 apex. Tegumen high. Uncus distinctly articulated to the 
 tegumen, deeply lobed at either side; socii drooping; 
 onathos rudimentary. Transtilla developed. 
 
 Ovipositor floricomous. Signum scobinate. 
 
 Nephodesme incanana, Stph. 42 
 
 Messrs. Gardner, Corbett and Sheldon. 
 
 Valva long; sacculus extending one-half, much curved. 
 Transtilla angularly arched, minutely spined. 
 
 Ductus bursoo weak; signum long, dentate, wider below. 
 
 Nephodesme be liana, Curt. 21 
 
 = penziana, Thnb. 
 G. F. Whittle and C. S. Gregson. 
 
 There is a constant difference between this and 
 colquhounana in both sexes, which we consider sufficient to 
 demand their separation. 
 
 Sacculus extending one-half, much curved. Transtilla 
 broadly arched. Socii not free, sharply pointed to a spine, 
 well chitinised. 
 
 Ostium strong; signum long, narrow, dentate. 
 
 Nephodesme colquhounana, Bar. 21 
 
 G. F. Whittle and R. Adkin. 
 Transtilla sharply arched. 
 
 Ostium cleft, bursa without signum. 
 
 Nephodesme osseana. Scop. 31 
 
 Sacculus extending over half, slightly curved, pointed. 
 Transtilla very slightly arched. Uncus with tapering lobes 
 minutely spined. 
 
 Ostium small, with large angular plate. Signum very 
 long, doubly dentate. 
 
14 
 
 Nephodesme argentana, Clerck. 21 
 
 R. AdMn and J. W. M. 
 
 Sacculus extending half, curved to emargination. Transtilla 
 slightly arched. Uncus with tapering lobes minutely spined. 
 yEdoeagus short, stout, with sharp spine at base, apex 
 forming a cap for the vesica. 
 
 Ostium small with large angular plate, sharply 
 
 angulated ventrally. 
 
 Nephodesme nubilana, Hb. 11 
 
 P. Richards, J. Gardner and J. W. M. 
 Sacculus extended nearly two-thirds pointed with central 
 arm. Transtilla produced in short central point. Uncus 
 narrow, without side lobes, minutely spined. JEdoeagus 
 curved, dentate at apex. 
 
 Ostium wide, sides of plate produced. Bursa very 
 small, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 3. Tortricodes, Gn. TYPE tortricella, Hb. 
 Tortricodes tortricella, Hb. 21 
 
 Although closely allied, there appears sufficient modification 
 to denote a new genus. 
 
 Valva irregularly incised; sacculus brought well towards 
 interior of valva, produced in flattened plate (keel). Uncus 
 set with hairs and short spines; socii drooping; gnathos 
 strong, pointed. Uncus with a pair of side arms, one short, 
 narrow; the other very long, slender. 
 
 Ovipositor floricomous, Ostium narrow, plate a 
 crescent. Bursa very delicate; signum small, spined. 
 
 GENUS 4. Enyphantes, Hb. TYPE congelatella, Clerck. 
 
 Enyphantes congelatella Clerck. 23 
 
 Although closely allied, there appears sufficient modification 
 to denote a new genus. 
 
 Sacculus not free, with projecting arm. Transtilla 
 curved, hairy. Uncus very broad, pointed; socii widely 
 
15 
 
 separate drooping; gnathos only free at the tip, which is 
 rounded. ^Edoeagus small, cardinate. 
 
 Ovipositor floricomoust. Ostium exceedingly small. 
 Bursa so small and delicate as to be practically invisible. 
 
 GENUS 5. Sciaphila, Tr. TYPE wahlbomiana, L. 
 Sciaphila wahlbomiana, L. 
 
 The type specimen, which still exists in the Linnean 
 collection in London is a rather grey almost typical example 
 cf a male Argyroploce branderiana. Moreover Linne's 
 description of wahlbomiana agrees with this insect. Of 
 branderiana he only describes the female. 
 
 Branderiana having priority of paging and the specimen 
 described being a female, the name must stand, and 
 wahlbomiana becomes a synonym of branderiana. 
 
 Thus the much discussed " omnium gatherum " 
 wahlbomiana disappears from the group Cnephasia. 
 
 GENUS 6. Olindia, 6. TYPE ulmana, Hb. 
 
 Olindia ulmana, Hb. 21 
 
 A. Lofthouse and J. W. M. 
 
 Valva long, sides parallel, the central opening thickens and 
 extends towards the anal angle, terminating in a socketed 
 ipine; sacculus set with fine spines. Transtilla produced 
 at either side in a long dentate arm. Uncus deeply cleft 
 centrally; socii small, drooping; gnathos strong, tip bilobed. 
 Anellus lobes spined. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened thickly clothed with spines and 
 hairs. Ostium wide spined; bursa simple. 
 
 GENUS 7. Isotrias, Myk. TYPE rectifasciana, Haw. 
 
 Isotrias rectifasciana, Haw. 3-1 
 
 G.F. Whittle. 
 
 Valva long, rounded, the central opening thickens and 
 extends tow r ards the anal angle, terminating in a socketed 
 spine. Sacculus set with curious digitated spines. 
 
16 
 
 Transtilla a band. Uncu<? long, tapered; socii drooping; 
 gnathos fairly strong, tip bilobed. Anellus minutely spined. 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium small; ductus burses 
 narrow; bursa with long scar of three scobinate rounded 
 plates at intervals. 
 
 GENUS 8. TYPE 
 
 con way ana, Fab. 4 2 
 
 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows. 
 
 Conwayana has a very distinct form of genitalia allied to 
 the Cnephasia group. 
 
 Valva curved; sacculus extending one-half; tip rounded 
 and spined. Transtilla rounded, squamous. Uncus widest 
 in centre; socii drooping. .ZEdceagus pistilate, set with a 
 patch of 12-14 tiny spines; anellus strongly chitinised, 
 produced. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, fused. Ostium cleft, wide. Bursa 
 slightly scobinate. 
 
 III. PERONBIDII. 
 
 Valvao elongate. Uncus atrophied; socii very large. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium plate emarginate, forming 
 two lobes. Signum a single stellate plate. 
 The erect and strongly developed socii suggest a division 
 in this group. The produced and separate valvula runs 
 throughout. The presence or absence of cornuti is difficult 
 to understand. Meyrick gives bergmanniana as the type 
 of Aryrotoxa Steph, we have therefore adopted this name 
 for the group of species with erect socii. 
 
 GENUS l.Argrotoxa, Stph. TYPE bergmanniana L 
 
 Valva long; costa thickened; valvula small, extruded. 
 Uncus atrophied; socii erect, large; anal tube strongly 
 chitinised, often with a hook at the orifice, probably an 
 gnathos atrophied. ^Edreagus short, istumpy. Vesica with 
 or without cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium plate emarginate forming 
 two lobes. Signum more or less ovate, scobinate. 
 
17 
 
 Argrotoxa bergmanniana, L. 55 
 
 W. Mansb ridge. 
 
 Sacculus gently incurved. Socii large, curved, wide. 
 
 ^Edoeagus short, stout; vesica without cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor dark coloured. Ostium plate lobed, lobes 
 short; signum ovate, scobinate, variable. 
 
 Argrotoxa comariana, z. 71 
 
 Valvula rounded; sacculus abruptly cut before half, forcing 
 an almost rectangular emargination; anus with small 
 projecting plate. Socii slender. Cornuti absent. 
 
 Ostium plate with narrow, pointed lobes. Signum small 
 scobinate scar. 
 
 Argrotoxa potent illana, Cooke, appears to be a 
 variety of this species. We can find no difference in 
 genitalia. 
 
 Argrotoxa schalleriana, L. 11 
 
 Sacculus indent in a narrow rounded emargination, note of 
 interrogation (?) form. Anal tube minutely spined. 
 Cornuti one large, about twelve small, spiniform. 
 
 Ostium plate with narrow pointed lobes. Signum 
 absent. 
 
 Argrotoxa perplexana, Barr. 11 
 
 Rothschild, Threlfall Col. 
 
 This appears to be a variety of schalleriana. We can find 
 no difference in the genitalia, but would point out that the 
 differences in this genus are usually very slight. 
 
 Argrotoxa comparana, Hb. 21 
 
 Very similar to schalleriana. Cornuti spiniform, five small, 
 one larger; the number of cornuti appears to vary. We 
 hesitate to declare it separate from schalleriana. 
 
 Ostium plate with narrow pointed lobes. Signum 
 absent. 
 
18 
 
 Argrotoxa caledoniana, Steph. 31 
 
 W. Mansbridge, P. Richards, A. Lofthouse and 
 
 G. F. Whittle. 
 
 Saccuius emargination wide, and rounded. Anal tube 
 without minute spines. Cornuti 2-4 extremely fine spines. 
 
 Ostium plate with short, narrow, pointed lobes. Bursa 
 Bcobinate, without signum. 
 
 GENUS 2. Eclectis, Hb. TYPE hastiana. L. 
 
 J.W.M. 
 
 The modification of the socii and other developments denote 
 
 a separate genus. 
 
 Eclectis hastiana, L 22 
 
 Valvula fairly large; sacculus with projecting arm at 
 half. Socii entirely erect, anus simple. /Edceagus slender; 
 cornuti 11-12 slender. 
 
 Obtium plate with long, broad lobes; duct us bursae 
 broad with a small projecting protuberance at either side, 
 lignum stellate, rounded. 
 
 Eclectis logiarta, Schiff. 43 
 
 J. W M., A. C. Vine. 
 
 The genitalia of the male is so similar to hastiana that the 
 only difference we can detect is the slightly narrower 
 valvula. 
 
 There is abundant difference in the female. 
 
 Ostium plate with short, narrow lobes; ductus bursse 
 very thort, simple; signum stellate, piriform. 
 
 Eclectis sponsana, Fab. 23 
 
 Sacculus cut obtusely at half. Uncus strongly chitinised, 
 atrophied, widely indent; socii erect. /Edoeagus curved; 
 cornuti two sets, one rose thorn, one or two spiniform. 
 
 Oktium plate with short, pointed lobes; ductus bursse 
 strong, bulbed near orifice. Signum stellate, ovate, 
 variable. 
 
19 
 
 GENUS 3. Aleimma, Hb. TYPE loeflingiana, L. 
 
 The floricomous ovipositor and general development seems 
 to warrant a separate genus. 
 
 Aleimma loeflingiana, L. 11 
 
 Valva long; costa partly separated from valvula; 
 eaccuius thickened, not free. Uncus weak socii drooping, 
 large, rounded, ^Edceagus cardinate; cornuti absent. 
 
 Ovipositor floricornous, a very beautiful example of this 
 interesting form. Ostium weak; ductus bursae narrow; 
 agnum a flattened ridge (keel). 
 
 GENUS 4. Tortrix, L. TYPE viridana, L. 
 
 Viridana is the type of the Linnean genus Tortrix; the 
 genitaiia remove it from the remainder of the species usually 
 included in this genus. Viridana is in every respect allied 
 to the Peroneidii and belongs to the group with drooping 
 socii, the long aadoeagus with spiniform cornuti. In other 
 lespects the valvula, sacculus, and development of the anus 
 coincide with the other sections of the group. The 
 specialised ovipositor of the female has no value as a 
 characteristic of the group and can therefore only rank as 
 a specific character. Mr. Alf/'ed Sich has, by careful 
 observations, recorded that the female lays her eggs in 
 pairs, which are then covered with green scales. By means 
 of the ovipositor she collects these green scales either from 
 her own upper wings (a seemingly impossible feat) or 
 equally improbably from those of her mate. All we know 
 to far is, that the ovipositor is specialised, and contains these 
 green scales by accumulation. It is thus evident that the 
 following portion of the Peroneidii should form the genus 
 Tortrix L. 
 
 Valva long, sides parallel- sacculus thickened. Uncus 
 atrophied, indent; socii long, drooping. /Edoeagus 
 cardinate; cornuti spiniform. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium plate lobed; signum 
 scobinate, stellate. 
 
20 
 
 Tortrix viridana, L. A. Sich. 122 
 
 Sacculus slightly indent beyond middle. Cornuti spiniform, 
 6-8. 
 
 Ovipositor partially floricomous. Ostium weak; ostium 
 plate hardly lobed; ductus bursae wide, thickened at the 
 junction of the bursa; signum small, spined at the 
 extremity. 
 
 Tortrix forskaleana, L. 21 
 
 Sacculus undulating. ^Edceagus curved, set with spines at 
 the orifice. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium plate with very small 
 lobes; signum very small, with a few short points. 
 
 GENUS 5. Peronea Curt. TYPE cristana, Fab. 
 
 Peronea cristana, Fab. S. J. Capper. 42 
 
 Sacculus roundly cut off at half, gently emarginate beyond. 
 Uncus indent, rounded; socii springing from low down, 
 small, drooping. ^Edoeagus stout, tip with rose thorn; 
 cornuti 4-5. 
 
 Ostium plate with short, pointed lobes; signum 
 stellate. 
 
 Peronea niveana, Fab. G. F. Whittle. 11 
 Valva rather short. Sacculus slightly arched, terminating 
 in a iound knob of spines Cornuti two of equal medium 
 length, in sockets, one of similar length below. 
 
 Ostium lobes acutely tapered; signum stellate. 
 
 Peronea umbrana, Hb. G. F. Whittle, l l 
 Sacculus emarginate at half. Socii long, slender, sharply 
 pointed. Cornuti two large, and a group of five fine spines. 
 
 Ostium with projecting side pieces, lobes very large and 
 wide. Signum stellate. 
 
21 
 
 Peronea maccana, TV. 11 
 
 Sacculus curved to a point before half, then emarginate in 
 a gentle sweep to the anal angle. Socii drooping, widest 
 at the apex. ^ZEdoeagus with thorn. Cornuti four fine 
 spines. 
 
 Odtium lobed very wide, elongately rounded. Signum 
 small, scobinate. 
 
 Peronea ferrugana, TV. W. Mansbridgc. 5-4 
 Saccuius almost straight, with small projection beyond half, 
 terminating in a broad flattened end set with spines. 
 zEdoeagus curved; cornuti three spiniform. 
 
 O&tium simple, naked; lobes wide, curved. 
 
 Peronea boscana, Fab. J. W. M. 22 
 
 Sacculus evenly curved. Socii hardly drooping, rather 
 small. Cornuti a pair, and three rather short spines. 
 
 Ostium cleft; operculum lobed and spined; ostium lobes 
 short pointed. Signum stellate. 
 
 Peronea scabrana, Stph. 
 
 Appears to be a variety of this species. We can find no 
 difference in the genitalia. 
 
 Peronea permutana, Dup. l 1 
 
 Sacculus very broad, deeply emarginate beyond half. 
 Cornuti in two parallel rows of three spines each. 
 
 Ostium lobes very long, curved, not pointed. Ductus 
 bursyo with a well-formed lobe at either side. Signum 
 stellate. 
 
 Peronea mix tana, ///' 11 
 
 Sacculus angularly emarginate at half. ^Edoeagus with 
 
 long spine at right-angles near orifice; cornuti three short. 
 
 Ostium lobes almost squared at base. Signum stellate. 
 
22 
 
 Peronea shepherdana, Stph. J. W M. i l 
 Saccuius emarginate before and after half, forming a point. 
 Anal plate heavily set with small spines. Cornuti four fine 
 spines 
 
 Ostium with wide side pieces, lobes broad, rounded. 
 Signum truncate, stellate. 
 
 Peronea aspersana, in. 3 2 
 
 We can see little difference between this and shepherdana. 
 
 Valva a little wider. 
 
 Ostium side pieces wider above, lobes narrower than 
 shepherdana; ductus bursse more definitely geniculate at 
 the sides and longer. 
 
 Peronea holmiana, L. 11 
 
 Valva widest at base; sacculus gently curved to anal angle. 
 Socii drooping, set with long spines. Cornuti very 
 numerous, probably about thirty spines. 
 
 Ostium lobes hardly extended. Signuin scobinate. 
 
 Peronea lipsiana, Schiff. l 1 
 
 R. Adkin andJ.W.M. 
 
 There are 1 several points that suggest a break away from 
 this genus. 
 
 Sacculus very broad, arched before half, edge rugose, 
 terminating in a strong spined tip. Socii long, slender 
 clavate. Cornuti many, very long, slender, about 14-15 
 spines. 
 
 Ostium lobes widely apart incurved. Bursa without 
 eignum. 
 
 Peronea rufana, Schiff 11 
 
 G. F. Whittle, J. W. Carder and J. W. M. 
 Valva wide; sacculus broad, very gently arched before half, 
 edge rugose, terminating in strong spined tip. Socii long, 
 slender. Cornuti five fine spines. 
 
 Ostium and operculum minutely spined; lobes tapered, 
 not widely apart. Signum scobinate. 
 
23 
 
 Pcronca varicgana, Schiff. 9-3 
 
 W. Mansbridge. 
 
 Sacculus broad, widely emarginate, edge rugose. Socii 
 broad. Cornuti one rose thorn, eight to nine slender spines. 
 Ostium and operculum minutely spined; lobes wide, 
 rounded. Signum scobinate. 
 
 Pcronca f issurana. Pierce and Metcalfe. 
 
 /. W. M. 22 
 
 Sacculus slightly arched. ^Edoeagus with strong branched 
 spine before the orifice; cornuti one long, slender spine. 
 
 Ostium lobes short, tapered, pointed; ductus bursae 
 clothed with small black nodules. Signum stellate. 
 
 Pcronca rcticulata, Strom. J . W. M. 21 
 
 Sacculus broad, emarginate before half, afterwards rounded 
 to anal angle, which is pointed. Socii narrow, ^doeagus 
 genicnlate. Cornuti three to five. 
 
 Ostium orifice minutely spined, lobes short, pointed, 
 angular. Signum ovate, spined. 
 
 Pcronca lorquiniana, Dup. J. W M. 1 1 
 
 The development here suggests a further removal from the 
 genus 
 
 Sacculus broad, projecting lobe at half; afterwards 
 emarginate. Socii specialised, long ; erect, clothed with 
 spines. Anal tube with narrow neck. Cornuti four spines. 
 
 Ostium naked, simple, operculum minutely spined; 
 lobes curved, sharply pointed. Signum small, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS G. Rhacodia, Hb. TYPE cmargana, Fab. 
 
 Rhacodia cmargana, Fab. l 1 
 
 A development of Peroneidii. 
 
 Valva trigonate; costa thickened; valvula pointed. 
 Sacculus extends upwards to and beyond the costa, then 
 makej a complete hook, terminating in a head of spines. 
 Uncus indent. Anal tube highly chitinised. Socii erect, 
 
24 
 
 and drooping, narrow above. ^doeagus with protruding 
 lounded plate (keel), orifice dentate without cornuti. 
 
 Ostium simple; lobes small, wide apart; ductus bnrsan 
 not thickened. Signum long a few scattered points. 
 
 GENUS 7. Oxigrapha, Hb. TYPE literana, L 
 
 Oxigrapha literana, L. S. J. Capper. 21 
 
 A development of Peroneidii closely allied to Rhacodia. 
 Valva trigonate; costa thickened; valvula bluntly 
 pointed; sacculus extends upward to near the costa, then 
 curves round in the form of a hook, terminating in a head 
 of spines; on the outer margin of the sacculus is a 
 projection at half. Socii ovate drooping. ^Edreagus with 
 slightly curved hook at orifice; cornuti three spines. 
 
 Ostium naked, with minutely spined operculum; lobes 
 long, incurved. Signum rounded, spined. 
 
 GENUS 8. Chrosis, Gn. TYPE bifasciana, Sb. 
 
 Chrosis bifasciana, Hb. J. W. M. li 
 
 A development of Peroneidii. 
 
 Valva widest at base; costa not thickened; valvula 
 long; sacculus lobed near base, extending and joining costa 
 in a point; from the anal angle extend two projecting arms 
 (finger and thumb). Uncus not cleft; socii drooping, curved 
 inwardly. Cornuti three bulbed spines. 
 
 Ostium plate narrow, lobes hardly produced. Signum 
 a scobinate crescent. 
 
 IV. PHALONIADII. 
 
 The species included in this group divide into several well- 
 marked genera; they form connecting links with previous 
 genera, especially with those of the group Cnephasidii. 
 Further species would form interesting material for study 
 and would probably be the means of throwing more light 
 on certain genera now only indicated by isolated examples. 
 Valvae generally broad. Uncus often well developed. 
 Sacculus well developed. Cornuti strong. Female with 
 large dentations covering the bursa. 
 
25 
 
 GENUS 1. Sparganothis,///, TYPE pillcriana,Sc/i/^ 41 
 
 Sparganothis pilleriana, Schijf. 
 R. Adkin and J. W. M. 
 
 Somewhat nearly related to this group, but considerably 
 removed; other species might help. 
 
 Valva simple; costa thickened; sacculu9 sharply pointed 
 near the base; transtilla arched centrally, spined. Uncus 
 very slender, curved; socii erect, clothed with scales, 
 extended below in a pair of long arms set with bristles. 
 ^Edoeagus short. Cornuti deciduous, numerous, probably 
 twenty. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium small, rounded; signum 
 a rugose band. 
 
 GENUS 2. Hysterosia, Stph. TYPE irvopiana, Haw. 
 
 Valva simple, curved; costa thickened; sacculus broad, 
 extended; transtilla strong, arched. Uncus long, slender; 
 socii drooping. ^Edoeagus stout, pointed. 
 Bursa generally in folds. 
 
 Hysterosia inopiana, Tlaw. 42 
 
 R. Adkin, W. Purdey. 
 
 Sacculus short. Transtilla indent, spined. Socii long,, 
 pointed. Vesica of great size; cornutus a long, slightly 
 curved spine. 
 
 Ovipositor partially retractile. Ostium eliptical. Bursa 
 large, double, set with short spines, mostly in triplets. ^ 
 
 Hysterosia schreibersiana, Frol 1-1 
 
 G. F Whittle. 
 
 Sacculus about half, not free. Transtilla strong, broad, 
 pointed. Uncus curved; socii broad, rounded. Cornutus 
 i long, slightly curved spine. Juxta extended centrally in 
 an arm. 
 
 Ostium wide, with operculum; ductus bnrsae very 
 fehort; bursa thickened for more than half, edge irregularly 
 'dentate. 
 
26 
 
 Hysterosia amandana, H-S l l 
 
 Saccuhis short, terminating in serrate point; transtilla 
 indent, spined. Uncus curved; socii lobed. Jlldoeagus 
 stout, pointed, with spine near orifice. Cornuti a pair of 
 strong spines. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, angulate. Ostium very wide; 
 bursa thickened, in folds. 
 
 GENUS 3. TYPE 
 
 maculosana, Haw. 81 
 
 Valva simple; costa thickened; sacculus broad, tapered, 
 ending before the valvula. Uncus stout, pointed; socii 
 short, drooping; anal plate indent at the point. ^Edoeagus 
 with long orifice; cornuti short, very numerous, about 40. 
 Ostiurn cleft; ductus bursae irregularly asymmetrical, 
 strong; bursa small, delicate, simple. 
 
 GENUS 4. Clysia, Hb. TYPE ambiguella, Hb. 
 
 A r alva short; sacculus broad; transtilla produced in two 
 arms; socii strongly chitinised. ^Edceagus short, stout; 
 vesica very large, elaborately set with spines; cornutus long, 
 slender, often broken during copulation. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ductus bnrsae short; bursa 
 neavily spined. 
 
 Clysia angustana, Tr. A. C. Vine, J. W. M. 51 
 var thuliana. Vaughan, Adkin and Whittle. 11 
 
 We can see no difference in the genitalia of these two forms. 
 
 Sacculus merges into the valvula; transtilla arms 
 partially fused together. 
 
 Bursa heavily spined. 
 
 Clysia ambiguella, Hb. 11 
 
 S. J. Capper, R. Adkin. 
 
 Sacculus terminating in short spines; transtilla divided in 
 
 two dentate arms; socii pointed. 
 
 Spines on bursa make a prominent central star, 
 
27 
 
 The following species have much in common but are 
 divisable into several genera. The common characteristics 
 are the divided saccus; the strong spine of the cornutus; 
 the absence of uncus; the flying socii, that is where the 
 socii terminate in a pair of chitinised, curved, slender hooks; 
 the generally well-developed sacculus; the bursa much 
 thickened often in folds and spined. 
 
 GENUS 5. TYPE 
 
 Valva long, narrow; sacculus rounded; transtilla produced 
 in long, fused arm; uncus absent; socii weak, broad, curved 
 inwardly. ^Edoeagus stout, orifice pointed; cornutus a 
 stout spine. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow. Ductus bursao short; bursa spined. 
 
 affinitana, Dgls. 22 
 
 F. G. Whittle A. E. Atmore. 
 
 Sacculus rounded, but produced outwards. Cornutus with 
 email bulb. 
 
 Spines of bursa form a central star. 
 
 manniana, F.v.R. 11 
 
 notulana Zell. 
 udana female Gn. 
 
 J. Gardner, A. E. Atmore. 
 
 Sacculus evenly rounded; transtilla arms longer than in 
 affinitana. Cornutus strong, with large bulb. 
 Bursa irregularly spined. 
 
 GENUS 6. TYPE 
 
 atricapitana, Stphj. W. M. 4-2 
 
 The development is too pronounced to be included in the 
 other genera. 
 
 Valva pointed; sacculus broad, produced in a long brush 
 of spines; transtilla a central arm, tip curved; socii reduced 
 to two weakly chitinised lobes set with fine hairs. ^Edoeagus 
 geniculate; cornuti a band of short, thick spines. 
 
28 
 
 Ovipositor normal. Ostium bilobei in a strong, 
 squamous plate; bursa delicate, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 7. TYPE 
 
 nana, Haw. 12 
 
 The absence of the cornntus is rather unaccountable, 
 otherwise it is closely related to this genus. 
 
 Valva long, narrow; sacculus produced in long point; 
 transtilla fused, forming a long, slender hook; uncus 
 developed, rather short; socii drooping. .ZEdoeagus 
 geniculate, pointed; without cornutus. 
 
 Ovipositor normal. Ostium set in a bottle-shaped 
 plate; ductus bursae long, scobinate at junction with bursa; 
 bursa heavily spined. 
 
 curvistrigana, Wilk. R. Adkin, J. W. M. l 1 
 The absence of flying socii prevents inclusion in the 
 following genus. 
 
 Valva narrow, widening to the sacculus; sacculus short, 
 pointed, forming a wide emargination of the valvula; 
 transtilla produced in fused, slightly dentate, arm. Socii 
 mere pads. .ZEdoeagus pointed at orifice; cornutus a bulbed 
 spine. 
 
 Ovipositor normal. Ostinm wide; bursa set with long 
 spines, in a circle. 
 
 gilvicomana, Z. Sidney WeWs Col. 11 
 Valva narrow, widening to the sacculus; sacculus short, 
 minutely pointed; socii distinct weak pads. .ZEdoeagus with 
 long, slender point at orifice; cornutus an aglutinated strong 
 spine 
 
 Ovipositor normal. Ostium wide; bursa entirely 
 covered with long spines. 
 
29 
 
 GENUS 8. Phalonia, Hi. TYPE aleella, Schulze. 
 
 The flying socii; the enormous anellus, and manica heavily 
 spined, distinguish this genus. 
 
 Valva trigonate; transtilla large, broad, ending in two 
 points. ^Edosagus stout. Anellus very wide, cone-shaped; 
 manica heavily spined; cornutus a slender spine. 
 
 Bursa spined. 
 
 Phalonia badiana, lib. 3-1 
 
 Sacculus hardly rounded; socii long. 
 Ostium in folds, expansive. 
 
 Phalonia cnicana, Dbd. F. G. Whittle, l l 
 
 Sacculus gently rounded; transtilla broader than badiana. 
 Socii shorter than badiana 
 
 Folds of ostinm not as expansive as bidiana. 
 
 Phalonia dipoltella, m. 21 
 
 F. G. Whittle, A. C. Vine, J. W. M. 
 Valva broad; sacculus squarely pointed; transtilla arm 
 dentate. .ZEdceagus short, stout; cornutus a long spine. 
 Ostium small, leading to a huge bursa; 
 
 Phalonia rutilana, Haw. Lady Robinson. 11 
 
 Valva narrow; sacculus full, produced in curved point; 
 transtilla a central arm. ^Edceagus stout; vesica scobinate. 
 Cornutus very long spine. 
 
 Ostium wide; bursa long, narrow, in folds. 
 
 Phalonia aleella, Schulz. 41 
 
 R. Adhin, I. Gardner, A. E. Atmore. 
 
 Valva broad, emarginate on the outer edge; sacculus 
 lounded near the base; transtilla broad, minutely dentate. 
 jEdooagus stout, orifice heavily scobinate; cornuti a band 
 of spines. 
 
 Ductus bursa> wide; bursa narrow, spined. 
 
30 
 
 GENUS 9. Commophila, Hb TYPE aeneana, Hb, 
 Commophila aeneana, Hb. 21 
 
 Valva short, rounded; costa thickened; sacculus emarginate, 
 tip produced beyond valvula; transtilla narrow, angulate, 
 spined at the central junction. "Uncus absent, a mere point; 
 Gocii well chitinised, forming two long, upright arms. 
 ^Edoeagus short, with curved hook at orifice; cornutus a 
 strong spine. 
 
 Ovipositor hardened, specialised. Ostium small, 
 squamous; ductus bursse wide, leading into simple bursa. 
 
 GENUS 10. Phtheochroa, Stph, TYPE rugosana, Hb. 
 Phtheochroa rugosana, Hb. i i 
 
 Valva curved; costa thickened; sacculus broad; transtilla 
 centrally arched, spined. Uncus absent; socii drooping, 
 rounded. ^Edoeagus short, serrate at edge, with thin 
 protruding plate (keel), base indent; cornutus strong spine. 
 Juxta produced. 
 
 Ostium wide, leading into partially thickened bursa, 
 the thickening set with rounded protuberances (warts). 
 
 GENUS 11. Pharmacis, Hi. TYPE sartana, Hb. 
 = Euxanthis, Bb. (Myk). TYPE hamana, L. 
 
 We have been unable to examine the type of this genus, so 
 have accepted Lord Walsingham's determination. The 
 genus was created by Hubner for his new species sartana. 
 We understand this species is somewhat indefinite and 
 should much prefer that Hubner's name Euxanthis be 
 retained until an opportunity arises for the type to be 
 examined. 
 
 Pharmacis hamana L. 2-1 
 
 P. Richards, G. F. Whittle. 
 
 Valva complex; costa and valvula divided from the sacculus. 
 Sacculus broad at its junction with the valvula, it is strongly 
 modified in two dentate hooks; transtilla bilobed. Uncus 
 
Si 
 
 absent; socii drooping; anal tube strongly chitinised. 
 ZEdooagus with hooked point at the orifice. Juxta produced 
 in long upturned curved point. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow. Ostium very strong, cup-shaped, 
 with operculum; ductus bursae short; bursa clothed with 
 long spines; signa a patch of pointed apple pips. 
 
 It is interesting to note, that in the parallel case of 
 extreme fusion of the genitalia found in the Acidaliince 
 (Geometridce) the signa in the female bursa are also 
 composed of "pip "-like spines (apple pips). 
 
 GENUS 12. Agapete, Hi. TYPE zoegana, L. 
 
 Agapete zoegana L. 31 
 
 Valva curved; sacculus very strong, pointed; transtilla 
 arched, centrally spined. Uncus absent; socii a small arm 
 at either side of the anal tube. JSdoeagus curved, pointed, 
 with long branch from one-third. 
 
 Ovipositor small, narrow. Ostium curiously con- 
 structed, the two sides overlap, forming a slit opening; 
 ductus bursa just thickened; bursa delicate, simple. 
 
 GENUS 13. TYPE 
 
 alternana, Steph. 31 
 
 Valva very broad; costa thickened; sacculus extended 
 nearly to costa, terminating in free tip set with scales; 
 transtilla broad, bilobed, and set with short spines. Uncus 
 absent; socii extending in two broad points. Jlldceagus 
 pointed, branched, with broad rugose, antler-like shaft. 
 Ostium bilobed, in folds; bursa delicate, spined. 
 
 straminea, Haw. W. Mansbridge. 2 1 
 Valva broad, apex incurved; sacculus not thickened; 
 transtilla broad, spined. Uncus absent; socii very weak. 
 /Edreagus pointed. Cornutns a single curved spine. 
 
 Ovipositor long, narrow. Ostium weak; bursa delicate, 
 tcobinate. 
 
32 
 
 GENUS 14. Acthcs, Bilb. TYPE smeathmanniana, F. 
 
 Valva wide, curved; transtilla strongly developed; socii 
 flying. JMceagus very strong, cardinate, generally with 
 large prolongation or shaft; cornutus usually absent. 
 Ostium elaborate; bursa spined 
 
 Acthcs subbaumanniana, Wilk. 12 
 
 W. Purdey, J. W. M. 
 
 Transtilla a broad plate, deeply indent. ^Edoaagus curved, 
 with a hooked spine at the orifice and a long, slender serrate 
 shaft. 
 
 Ovipositor somewhat narrow. Ostium funnel shaped; 
 ductus bursse very narrow; bursa delicate, scobinate. 
 
 Aethes baumanniana, Schiff. J. W. M. 22 
 Transtilla a broad dentate plate, deeply indent. JMceagus 
 gracefully curved, with two uneven points and a long, 
 slender shaft. 
 
 Ostium funnel shaped, heavily set wich short spines at 
 its junction with the very narrow ductus bursse; bursa 
 delicate, scobinate. 
 
 Aethes beatricella, Walsm. W. Purdey. i i 
 Sacculus thickened and slightly serrate; transtilla Iarg3, 
 strong, centrally produced, dentate. ^Edceagus short, 
 curved, two-pronged (doubly pointed); vesica rugose. 
 
 Female very complicated and developed. Ovipositor 
 normal. Ostium wide, asymmetrical, an opening leading 
 into a blind sac; operculum strong, furnished on either side 
 with a raised guide; bursa spined. 
 
 Aethes francillonana, Fab. 3-1 
 
 P. Richards, E. F. Studd. 
 
 Sacculus deeply emarginate and produced in a squared arm; 
 transtilla large and strong, deeply indent, forming a pair 
 of pointed, dentate arms. ^Edoeagus geniculate, with a 
 long curved branch from the base of the orifice; vesica 
 rugose. 
 
 Ostium elaborate; bursa spined. 
 
Aethes smeathmanniana, Fab. 21 
 
 P. Richards, F. G. Whittle, E. F. Studd. 
 Sacculus terminating in small curved plate; saccus divided, 
 each shaft long, bilobed. /Edoeagus curved, double pointed; 
 cornutus a strong spine. 
 
 Ostiuin strong; ductus bursse thickened; bursa 
 thickened and spined. 
 
 Aethes dilucidana, Stph. 41 
 
 J. Gardner, A. E. Atmore. 
 
 Sacculus rounded; transtilla short, broad, dentate. 
 JHldoeagus short, orifice pointed; vesica rugose; cornutus 
 absent. 
 
 Ostium loosely folded; bursa spined. 
 
 Aethes maritimana, Gn. W. H. Harwood. 11 
 Sacculus obtusely pointed, with second point above; saccus 
 terminates in a coarse point at the division; transtilla very 
 long, rugose at the tip. /Edoeagus curved, with long 
 projecting blunt spine from orifice. 
 
 Ovipositor large. Ostium wide, with operculum, below 
 which is a crescent shaped fold; ductus bursa) spined at the 
 junction of the bursa. 
 
 Aethes dubrisana, Curt. 21 
 
 = oephyrana, Myk, nee, Tr. 
 
 Saccus terminating in a rounded end at the division; 
 transtilla very long, not rugose at the tip. 
 
 Ostium wide, with ill-formed operculum, below which 
 is a very small crescent shaped fold; ductus bursoc spined 
 jit the junction of the bursa. 
 
 Apart from the differences occasioned by its larger size, 
 we can see but little difference between this species and 
 maritimana. 
 
34 
 
 GENUS 15. TYPE 
 
 The great development of the uncus and general 
 
 modification demands a separate genus. 
 
 Uncus long, articulated, apex indent; forming a 
 complete covering and protection. zEdoeagus prolonged at 
 the orifice into a broad shaft; cornuti very long, springing 
 from a common base. Ovipositor retractile . Bursa large, 
 delicate, spined. 
 
 dc grey ana, McL. l l 
 
 Valva long; costa irregularly emarginate; sacculus distinct, 
 terminating in an obtuse point; transtilla strong, lobed at 
 either side and centrally emitting a pair of blunt spines, 
 some distance apart. Cornuti about 14-16. 
 Ostium bilobed. 
 
 ciliella, Hb. 2-1 
 
 Valva broad, rounded, a roughly triangular plate at the 
 anal angle; transtilla a broad plate, truncate at either side, 
 centre emarginate, spined; cornuti about 12-20. 
 Ostium rather narrow, bilobed. 
 
 GENUS 16. TYPE 
 
 This very homogeneous genus has many distinctive 
 
 characters. 
 
 Valva broad, strong. Saccus divided. Costa often 
 separated, forming two upright arms spined at the apex; 
 transtilla more or less developed. /Edoeagus short, stumpy, 
 with wide orifice set with a series of diminishing spines. 
 
 Ovipositor slightly retractile, narrow. Ostium in folds; 
 bursa in folds. 
 
 implicitana, Wilk. J. W. M. 2-2 
 Valvula broad, point rounghly rounded; costa produced 
 i^pward, spined at the tip; sacculus rounded; transtilla a 
 small projection. Socii short upright arms. ^Edoeagus 
 
35 
 
 orifice prolonged in a long shaft, base bilobed; cornuti a 
 large scobinate patch on the vesica. 
 Ostium thickened at either side. 
 
 sabulicola, Wlsm. 
 
 Valvula almost pointed; sacculus rounded; costa produced 
 upward, spined at and below the tip; transtilla a mere 
 projection. Socii short. ^Edceagus orifice prolonged in a 
 strong, curled hook, base hardly bilobed; cornuti a large 
 scobinate patch on the vesica. 
 Ostium very delicate. 
 
 subroseana, Haw. 11 
 
 F. G. Whittle, J. W. Corder. 
 
 Valvula slopes upward, almost pointed; sacculus not 
 rounded; costa produced upward, spined at the truncated 
 tip; transtilla centrally produced, armed with a few teeth. 
 Socii very short. /Edoeagus orifice prolonged in a long, 
 slender shaft; base rounded; cornuti a roughly scobinate 
 patch on the vesica. 
 
 Ostium weak; ductus bursae strongly thickened. 
 
 rupicola, Curt. 
 
 ./. Gardner, F. G. Whittle, A. E. Atmore. 
 This species provides the key to the separated costa of the 
 three preceding species. In this it returns to its normal 
 position, fused to the valvula and spined at the tip, thus 
 forming an emargination between the valva and sacculus; 
 sacculus a broad plate; transtilla centrally produced, armed 
 with many spines at the tip. Socii fairly short, drooping. 
 ^Edoeagus orifice with short shaft; base rounded; cornuti a 
 scobinate patch on the vesica. 
 
 Ostium more developed than preceding species. 
 
36 
 
 GENUS 17. Cochylis, Tr. TYPE roseana, Hb. 
 
 Costa fused to valvula, causing a deep emargination at its 
 ]unction with the sacculus; transtilla a central curved arm. 
 Uncus absent; socii mere scars set with hairs. ^doeagus 
 geniculate, without cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor more or less retractile. Ostium well 
 developed; bursa weak, scobinate. 
 
 Cochylis pallidana, Zell. G. F. Whittle. 11 
 
 Valva deeply emarginate at its junction with the sacculus; 
 sacculus large, long; transtilla narrow, with a couple of 
 teeth at the apex. ZEdosagus geniculate pointed, set with 
 small patch of spines. 
 
 Ovipositor partially retractile. Ostium in folds. 
 
 Cochylis roseana, Haw. R. Adkin. 33 
 
 Valva deeply emarginate; sacculus serrate at its edge and 
 in the emargination; transtilla a spatulate hook. /-Edoeagus 
 bigmoid, pointed. 
 
 Ovipositor long, narrow, retractile. Ostium eliptical. 
 
 Cochylis flaviciliana, II '///,, l- 1 
 
 Valva deeply emarginate; sacculus wide, pointed; transtilla 
 a dentate hook. ^Edoeagus narrow, slightly bulbed at 
 centre. 
 
 Ovipositor long, retractile. Ostium bilobed. 
 
 Cochylis dubitana, Hb. J. W. M. 21 
 
 Valva not emarginate at the junction with the sacculus; 
 oacculus deeply emarginate at the base, produced in a long 
 spine; transtilla a wide, curved hook. ^Edoeagus geniculate, 
 orifice scobinate before the pointed tip. 
 
 Ovipositor not retractile. Ostium in folds; bursa ovate 
 scobinate. 
 
37 
 
 Cochylis hybridella, Hb. F. G. Whittle. 2-2 
 Valva deeply emarginate; sacculus serrate, deeply and 
 largely emarginate at its base, forming a long curved spine; 
 transtilla a spoon shaped hook. ^Edoeagus curiously 
 geniculated at right angles, curved and tapered to a point. 
 
 Ovipositor partially retractile. Ostium plate rounded 
 in folds. 
 
 GENUS 18. TYPE 
 
 This genus has given infinite trouble in the past as regards 
 the identity of the species. The genitalia now offer a 
 certain amount of security; at the same time, it is important 
 to note that the species run exceedingly close to each other. 
 We give the full synonymy as a help. 
 
 Valva long, delicate; costa and sacculus very weak; 
 transtilla a central arm curved, indent; saccus practically 
 divided. Uncus absent; socii well developed and firm, the 
 chief specific character. ^Edoeagus cardinate, sigmoid, 
 pointed. Cornutus a single spine. 
 
 Ovipositor rather narrow. Ostium wide; bursa spined, 
 with circular spined star 
 
 alismana, Rag. 62 
 
 = udana, (Myh) nee Gn. 
 
 Profile view of socii broad, slightly arched, and quickly 
 reduced to a point set with fine hairs. 
 
 Ostium wide; ductus bursce not narrow. 
 
 luridana, Greg. J. W. M. 21 
 
 = manniana, Myh, Barr, ncc F. v. E. 
 
 Socii broad, very slightly arched, scarcely reduced to a 
 rounded point set with long, stout hairs. 
 
 Ostium small, ductus bursse long, very narrow. 
 
38 
 
 vectisana, Westw. 51 
 
 R. Adkin, J. W. M., A. Lofthouse. 
 
 Socii broad, gently arched and tapered to a point set with 
 
 short, stout hairs. 
 
 Ostium rather narrow; ductus bursse long, narrow. 
 
 walsinghamana, Bankes. 31 
 = geyeriana, 
 
 Ban, Myk, nee Ban, Myk, nee H-S. 
 E. R. Bankes, J. H. Threlfall. 
 
 Socii broad, acutely arched, emarginate to a point set 
 with fine, short bristles. 
 
 Ostium rather narrow; ductus bursse very short; 
 cstiuin leads almost directly into the bursa. 
 
 per mix tana, S.D. 
 
 mussehliana, Tr. (Myk.) 
 W. Purdey. 
 
 Socii broad, acutely arched, tapered to a point set with 
 fine, short bristles. 
 
 Ostium small; ductus bursso very narrow, long; the 
 lursal circle of spines surrounded by a crinkled edge. 
 
 V. OLETHREUTIDII. 
 
 A small group that has been chosen to introduce a rather 
 compact group. The valva is long, often set with strong 
 spines at the termination of the sacculus; transtilla often 
 fully developed. Uncus developed, but generally weak; 
 socii large and drooping ^doeagus cardinate, sometimes 
 bearing one or more cornuti, often without. 
 
 The ovipositor is flattened, usually broad. Ostium 
 strong with large minutely spined plate. Signum sometimes 
 absent, generally one or two scobinate patches. 
 
39 
 
 GENUS 1. Lobesia, Gn. TYPE rcliquana, Hb. 
 The chief feature of this genus is the sharply divided 
 sacculus, connecting it with Bracta. There is an interesting 
 development on the first and second abdominal segment in 
 the shape of a patch of specialised scales (? glands) which 
 occurs in the two first genera. 
 
 Lobesia reliquana, PIb. 2 1 
 
 Valva narrow; sacculus hardly complete, beyond is a 
 separated patch of spines. Uncus not produced, set with a 
 few long, curved, broad, spatnlate scales. ^Edoeagus short, 
 tapered. 
 
 Ostium wide, protected by a pear shaped plate. 
 Signum large, scobinate at the junction of the bursa with 
 its ductus. 
 
 Lobesia abscisana, Dbd. 51 
 
 Lady Robinson, W. Purdey and J. W. M. 
 Valva narrow, widest before the apex; sacculus complete, 
 head rounded, spined. Uncus not produced, set with a 
 single row of spines along its edge. ^dosagus short, 
 tapered. 
 
 Ovipositor not flattened. Ostium apparently inverted, 
 a wide opening below through which passes the ductns 
 bursaB; bursa scobinate. 
 
 Lobesia littoralis, W'wood. J. W. M. li 
 Sacculus hardly complete, head spined. Uncus not 
 produced, set with a single row of spines along its edge. 
 
 Ovipositor broad, flattened. Ostium wide; signum 
 rounded, scobinate. 
 
 Lobesia euphorbiana, FT. 12 
 
 Lady Robinson, R. Adkin, W. Purdey. 
 
 Valva not wader than the apex; sacculus cleft before the 
 
 head, spined. Uncus not produced. 
 
 Ovipositor broad, flattened. Ostium narrow, strong, 
 set with minute spines; bursa small, scobinate. 
 
40 
 
 GENUS 2. Bracta, Steph. TYPE lanceolana, #b. 
 
 A difficult genus to place, having only two species to 
 consider. The valva and scobinate signum show a close 
 connection with the previous genera, but the very highly 
 developed uncus seems to suggest a further removal. 
 
 Bracta lanceolana, Hb. W. Mansbridge. 103 
 
 Valva short, spined on the outer margin; sacculus angular, 
 with deep depression set with fine hairs and containing a 
 small patch of strong spines. Uncus produced, tapered, set 
 at either side with a regular row of short blunt spines; socii 
 rounded, drooping, ^doeagus short, curved, simple. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium simple, with lip; signum 
 round, scobinate. 
 
 Although specimens of this species vary considerably in 
 size, there is no appreciable difference in size of the 
 genitalia. 
 
 Bracta furfurana, Haw. 21 
 
 Valva short, thinly spined on the outer margin; sacculus 
 rounded, with deep depression clothed with short, fine spines 
 containing a patch of strong spines. Uncus produced, set 
 at either side with a comb of short, blunt spines. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened Ostium small, simple. Signum 
 rounded, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 3. Apotomis, Hb. TYPE corticana, Hb. 
 
 The apparently natural group of species usually included in 
 the genus Argyroploce divides up into genera by the 
 genitalia, not quite in accordance with the wing markings; 
 and what have hitherto been considered close affinities in 
 the genus Argyroploce are by no means so closely related 
 and are found to divide into quite separate genera. 
 Valva long, almost clavate; sacculus extended in a round 
 lobe set with strong spines. Uncus flattened, weakly set 
 
41 
 
 with fine spines; the position of this spining is an important 
 adjunct to the differentiation of the several species. Socii 
 large, drooping. Cornutus a single spine. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium minutely spined. Ductus 
 long, often coiled; signa two, rounded, scobinate. 
 
 Apotomis semifasciana, Haw. 11 
 
 J. W. M., A. Ford. 
 
 Sacculus produced, lobed, head set with short, strong spines. 
 Transtilla a narrow band, minutely spined at either side. 
 Uncus broad, rounded, a few fine spines at the tip and one 
 pair on the dorsal side; socii broad, ovate; subscaphium 
 drawn to a long point. Cornutus pointed, wider at the base. 
 Ostium minutely spined behind; ductus bursno curled 
 close to the ostium; signa two, scobinate. 
 
 Apotomis hartmanniana, L. A. Ford. 21 
 Uncus broad, rounded, set with a few scattered spines; 
 several isolated ones on the dorsal side. Cornutus slender, 
 long spine, base long and wider. 
 
 Ostium deeply cleft, heavily but minutely spined behind; 
 ductus bursae cylindrical for a considerable distance when it 
 thickens and coils before reaching the bursa. 
 
 Apotomis corticana, Hb. A. Lofthouse. 33 
 Transtilla more heavily spined than betulcetana. Uncus 
 broad, rounded, set with a few scattered spines on either 
 side; several isolated ones on the dorsal surface. Cornutus 
 a short spine, base large. 
 
 Ostium deeply cleft, hardly spined; ductus bursce 
 thickened and coiled fairly close to ostium. 
 
 Apotomis bctulactana, Haw. 21 
 
 We can see no difference between this and corticana except 
 in the spining of the uncus, which in this species extend* 
 
42 
 
 all round the tip, whereas in corticana it is confined to the 
 sides. Transtilla less heavily spined than corticana. 
 
 Ostium stronger than corticana, spining heavier; duct us 
 bursrc corrugated, rugose coiled fairly close to ostium. 
 
 Apotomis sororculana, Zett. R. Adkin. 21 
 Uncus broad, rounded, evenly set with spines at either side, 
 tip naked. Cornutus with base to spine. 
 
 Ostium almost round, thickly set with minute spines; 
 ductus bursa3 curly about centre, which is thickened and 
 scobinate. 
 
 Apotomis sauciana, Hb. 21 
 
 A. Lofthouse, R. Adkin. 
 
 Uncus broad, rounded, roughly set with spines. Cornutus 
 
 small, with base to spine. 
 
 Ostium cleft, minutely spined behind; ductus bursse 
 curled and thickened near the bursa. 
 
 Apotomis grevillana, Curt. 31 
 
 staintoniana, Barr. 
 Lady Robinson, J. W. M. 
 
 Uncus broad, rounded, spined all round to base. Cornutus 
 with base to spine (one specimen has a second slightly 
 shorter spine). 
 
 Ostium thinly spined; Ductus bursar rugose coiled and 
 thickened near the bursa. 
 
 Apotomis capreana, PIb. 11 
 
 Valva strongly twisted (refuses to spread); sacculus not 
 produced, angulate at termination, emitting a small patch 
 of short spines. Uncus well spined with fine spines; 
 cornutus with long base to spine. > 
 
 Ovipositor not flattened. Ostium cleft, thickly set with 
 minute spines; ductus bursae rugose coiled nearer to bursa. 
 
43 
 
 GENUS 4. Olcthrcutcs, Hb. TYPE arcuclla, Cl. 
 
 The broad head of the valva disappears and is replaced by 
 a long curved valva with almost parallel sides. Uncus 
 sometimes bilobed. Cornuti absent. 
 
 The signa deepen to an extended point. 
 
 Olethreutes pruniana, Hb. 31 
 
 Valva curved, sides parallel spined above, becoming stronger 
 as the sacculus is approached : from the outer edge a patch 
 of specialised hairs in the form of a squared hook at right 
 angles before reaching the point. Uncus narrow, with 5 
 or 6 strong spines at the tip. JMceagus cardinate, short. 
 Ovipositor flattened, narrow. Ostinm deeply cleft with 
 large spined encircling plate. Signa two, produced, 
 scobinate. 
 
 Olethreutes ochroleucana, Hb. 21 
 
 P. Richards. 
 
 Sacculus produced inwardly, terminating with a patch of 
 spines; the outer margin has a large patch of specialised 
 hairs with a curved hook before the point. Uncus bilobed. 
 Ostium rounded with spined encircling plate. 
 
 Olethreutes variegana, Hb. 95 
 
 Sacculus protrudes a small triangular plate, behind which is 
 a small patch of fine minutely barbed spines. Uncus 
 geniculate before the tip, which is considerably widened and 
 bilobed. 
 
 Ostium cleft;, with upright, spined, encircling plate. 
 
 Olethreutes salicella, L. A. Lofthouse. j__i 
 Yalva long, strongly spined below, reaching to the sacculus. 
 Uncus curved. 
 
 Ostium cleft, with upright spined encircling plate. 
 
44 
 
 Olcthrcutcs arcuella, Cl. 11 
 
 Valva long, angulated towards centre strong, spined below, 
 throwing out two pedunculate spines from the margin. 
 Uncus geniculate, bilobed. Cornuti about ten short, stout 
 spines. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium cup-shaped, minutely 
 spined. Signum a squamous depression. 
 
 Olethreutes atropunctana, Zett. i i 
 
 dimidiana, Sodof. G. T. Porritt. 
 
 Valva widest towards centre where it is angulated before a 
 deep emargination at the succulus, a small patch of spines 
 in the curve; sacculus extended, inwardly spined, and a 
 further patch of spines centrally. Uncus long, slender; 
 socii rounded. ^Edoeagus stout, with a single minute tooth 
 towards apex. 
 
 Ostium cup-shaped, minutely spined. Signa two 
 scobinate depressions. 
 
 Olethreutes penthinana, Gn. 11 
 
 postremana, Z. E. F. Studd. 
 
 Valva long, strong spines below. Uncus short, broad, 
 rounded; transtilla a pair of lobes set with strong spines. 
 
 Ostium deeply cleft, with squamous encircling plate; 
 bursa squamous, without signum. 
 
 GENUS 5. Eudemis, Hb. TYPE profundana, Fab. 
 
 This genus is evidently a remote branch from the preceding 
 genera. The pilleate form of the signa, although derived 
 from some species of the genus Olethreutes, is normally 
 developed; the absence of uncus and the long drooping socii 
 also suggest its transference to the Catoptria group. There 
 is little doubt that in Britain there are many connecting 
 links missing from this genus which might have shed light 
 on its position 
 
45 
 
 Eudcmis profundana, Fab. 22 
 
 F. G. Whittle, H. J. Turner. 
 
 Valva long, sides parallel, spined; outer margin set with 
 even spines; sacculus squared, emitting long pointed hairs. 
 Tegumen very long. Uncus not produced, stunted; socii 
 very long, drooping, curved. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide, angular. Ostium cup- 
 shaped with bilobed, minutely spined plate. Signa a pair, 
 pilleate. 
 
 Eudcmis pomedaxana Pierce and Metcalfc. 3 2 
 
 E. F. Studd. 
 
 Valva curved, spined: outer margin set with even spines; 
 spining much stronger than profundana. Sacculus arched, 
 emitting much shorter pointed hairs : Tegumen shorter than 
 profundana; socii very long, drooping, very serrate on the 
 outer edge. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, rather narrow, not angulate. 
 Ostium deeply cleft, squared, with bilobed spined plate; 
 signa two, pilleate. 
 
 * 
 
 GENUS 6. Argyroploce, Hb. TYPE arbutella, L. 
 
 The long narrow valva returns, but the very distinct form 
 of nncns, clavate on a long stalk (pedunculate) set at its 
 upper edge with strong spines, seems to denote a distinct 
 branch. In the female the squamous depression of the 
 signnm forms a pocket. Again the genitalia of some species 
 run so closely alike that it becomes a question if they are 
 really separate species. 
 
 It may be possible to get a more definite idea of this 
 large group if a central form could be located. It is evident 
 there are many branches all closely connected with a main 
 trunk . 
 
46 
 
 Valva long, narrow; sacculus extended inwardly, set with 
 strong spines. Uncus pedunculate, set with strong spines 
 regularly arranged. ^Bdoeagus short. Cornuti irregular, 
 sometimes absent, a single spine or many spines. 
 
 Ovipositor usually narrow; ostium more or less 
 minutely spined; signum a squamous depression in the form 
 of a pocket or sac. 
 
 Argyroploce sellana, Hb. 41 
 
 R AdMn, A. C. Vine. 
 
 Uncus with flattened head surmounted with two or three 
 rows of spines; socii angular. ^Edceagus stout; cornuti nine 
 short stout in a line. 
 
 Ostium narrow, cleft, naked. 
 
 pullana is apparently a dwarf form of this species. 
 
 Argyroploce gentiana Hb. J. W. M. ll 
 
 Valva narrow, apex abruptly curved; sacculus extended 
 inwardly, set with many coarse spines. Uncus rounded, 
 indent, set with four or five rows of spines; socii angnlate. 
 ^doeagus short, stout, without cornuti. 
 Ostium ovately pointed, naked. 
 
 Argyroploce carbonana, Dbd. 21 
 
 ustulana, Haw. (nee Hb.) 
 
 =fuligana, Bar. Meyk. (nee Hb.) 
 R. Adkin. 
 
 We can see no difference between this species and gentiana, 
 except a big diversity in size. 
 
 Argyroploce oblongana, Haw. 32 
 
 ^marginana, Haw. 
 
 Sacculus extended inwardly set with several coarse spines, 
 mostly short, but a few at the apex longer. Uncus rounded, 
 covered with numerous spines; socii acutely angulate. 
 JMceagus short, without cornuti. 
 
 Ostium ovately pointed, naked; dnctus bursre thickened, 
 set with a number of short spines, 
 
47 
 
 Argyroploce nigricostana, Haw 21 
 
 R. Adkin, J. W. M. 
 
 Valva narrow, evenly curved; sacculus extended inwardly, 
 set with a single row of about six spines. Uncus with 
 rounded head surmounted with a single row of spines; socii 
 rounded. ^Edoeagus short, stout, a long curved hook set 
 below with three spines. Cornutus a single short spine. 
 
 Ovipositor not flattened. Ostium ovate, naked, a pair 
 of thickened processes at its junction with the ductus 
 bursae. 
 
 Argyroploce fuligana, Hb. 1 1 
 
 carbonana, Ban. Myk. 
 
 The Hon. N. C. Rothschild, W. 0. Sheldon. 
 
 We can see no difference between the genitalia of this 
 
 species and nigricostana. 
 
 Argyroploce er ice tana, W'wood. 31 
 
 R. Adkin, J. W. M. 
 
 Yalva wide, sides parallel, curved; sacculus extended 
 inwardly, set with a few stout spines; outer margin 
 produced in a strong obtuse hook. Uncus with flattened 
 ovate head set with three irregular rows of spines. /Edoeagus 
 pointed; cornuti five spines, one slightly larger. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened; ostium cup-form, naked, with 
 flattened operculum. f 
 
 Argyroploce antiquana, Hb. 31 
 
 \ 7 alva narrow, curved; sacculus extended inwardly, set with 
 small stout spines; towards the base is an elongate patch of 
 slender spines, increasing in strength from the base. Uncus 
 with narrow, flattened, ovate head with four to six central 
 spines in a row, and one to three long drooping spines from 
 either side. Cornuti about fourteen stout spines. 
 
 Ostium cup-form with operculum, naked; ductus bursrc 
 thickened, set with minute small spines. 
 
48 
 
 Argyroploce branderiana, Femaie,L. l i 
 
 wahlbomiana, Male, L. 
 J. W. M. 
 
 Valva narrow, head clavate; sacculus lobed, set with a 
 number of spines diminishing towards the base. Uncus 
 geniculate lobed, set with fine spines. JSdceagus short, 
 serrate along its edge, scobinate behind. 
 
 Ovipositor very wide, flattened. Ostium rounded, 
 minutely spined, plate cresent shaped, squamous. 
 
 This species seems closely connected with the genus 
 Olethreutes. 
 
 Argyroploce mygindana, Schiff. 41 
 
 Valva wide; sacculus terminating in angular peduncle, 
 emitting a strong spine covering a depression in the valva, 
 set with long specialised hairs; editum produced, set with 
 two or three spines. Uncus bilobed, clothed with 
 curved spines, ^doeagus a simple cardinate tube. 
 
 Ostium small, plate large, minutely spined. 
 
 Argyroploce arbutella, L. J. W. M. 1 l 
 
 Valva narrow, spined at the junction of the sacculus; 
 sacculus grotesquely extended sideways, terminating in a 
 single spine. Uncus produced, small, heavily spined. 
 ^Edoeagus long, terminating in a narrow point. 
 Ostiunj set in small minutely spined plate. 
 
 GENUS 7. Phiaris, Hb. TYPE micana, lib. 
 
 The absence of the peculiar form of spined uncus necessitates 
 a division from the preceding genus. This genus is by no 
 means a natural one and is probably capable of subdivision 
 and possibly of re-arranging to get closer affinities. 
 
 Valva usually rather narrow, often clavate; sacculus 
 spined. zEdceagus with cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened; ostium plate usually minutely 
 spined. Signum a single scobinate patch. 
 
49 
 
 Phiaris, urticana, Hb. 41 
 
 Valva narrow, head clavate; sacculus extended in narrow 
 lobe, spined; socii large, drooping; transtilla arched, set 
 
 with long spines. zEdoeagus with thickened introvertable 
 extension having at its extremity a stout thorn. 
 Ostiurn slightly cleft, minutely spined. 
 
 Phiaris bifasciana, Haw. 1 1 
 
 A. E. Atmore, R. Adkin. 
 
 Valva narrow, head clavate; below, at its junction with the 
 sacculus, are four or five strong straight spines; sacculus 
 sinuate. Uncus weak. Cornuti about fifteen spines. 
 
 Ostium protruding, cup-form, naked; ductus bursac 
 sides irregularly rugose. 
 
 Phiaris irriguana, H-S. 
 Lady Robinson, R. Adkin. 
 
 Sacculus extended inwardly, heavily spined; on its outer 
 edge is a long patch of coarse spines. Uncus rounded. 
 ^Edoeagus terminating in one or more spines; cornuti two 
 rows of various sized spines. 
 
 Ostium cup-form, minutely spined. 
 
 This species is included as a var. of the following 
 species by Standinger; the genitalia prove it to be a 
 perfectly separate species. 
 
 Phiaris metalicana, Hb. 31 
 
 = alternana, Wilk. 
 dalcana, Dbld List. F. C. Woodbridyc. 
 
 Uncus arises from deeply indent sides of tegurnen. Cornutus 
 a single spine with broad base. 
 
 Ostium protruding, minutely spined, continued in a 
 broad band at either side. 
 
50 
 
 Phiaris schultsiana, Fab. J. W, M. 31 
 The spines on the valva diminish in size towards the apex. 
 slightly dentate on its keel-like edge; cornuti 
 
 absent. 
 
 Ostium protruded, attached to large oblong naked plate. 
 
 Phiaris palustrana, Z. J. Gardner. 21 
 
 The spines on the valva are largest towards the centre. 
 Uncus indent. ^Edceagus not dentate; cornuti about seven 
 short spines. 
 
 Ostium protruded, attached to naked, angular, oblong 
 plate. 
 
 Phiaris micana, Hb. 1 _ 1 
 
 J. Gardner, A. E. Atmore. 
 
 The spines on the valva are largest towards the centre. 
 Uncus rounded. ^Edoeagus not indent; cornuti about ten 
 short spines. 
 
 Ostium protruded, attached to naked, rectangular plate. 
 
 GENUS 8. Celypa, Hb. TYPE striana; Schif. 
 
 Valva narrow; sacculus terminating in a patch of spines. 
 On the ventral surface of the sacculus is a patch of long 
 straight spines; these spines are specialised, they are of 
 thin yellow transparent chitine set in a base and are 
 probably very sensitive. Uncus weak, produced; socii 
 drooping, often mere pads. /Edoeagus very small, narrow, 
 without cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium minutely spined. Signum 
 a rounded scobinate patch, sometimes entirely absent. 
 
 Celypa lactmana, Dup. 52 
 
 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows. 
 
 Valva narrow, at its junction with the sacculus is a small 
 protruding lobe set along its edge with long spines; 
 transtilla strong, plain. 
 
51 
 
 Ostium minutely spined is attached to a deeply bilobed 
 narrow plate. Signum scobinate. 
 
 Celypa rivulana, Sc. 
 
 Rev. C. R. N. Burrows. 
 
 Valva narrow, at its junction with the sacculus is a pad set 
 
 with long spines; transtilla strong, minutely spined. 
 
 Ostium cleft, attached to minutely spined bilobed plate; 
 bursa without signum. 
 
 Celypa latifascianum, Haw. 11 
 
 latifasciana, Haw. 
 + vineana, Bankes. A. G. Vine. 
 
 Valva narrow at the angle of the valva, and sacculus is a 
 round patch of long straight spines; transtilla minutely 
 spined. 
 
 Ostium small attached to a conical plate, spined behind; 
 bursa without signum. 
 
 Celypa doubledayana, Ban. 11 
 
 W. G. Sheldon. 
 
 Valva narrow; below the angle of the valva and sacculus 
 is a round patch of straight spines; transtilla plain. 
 
 Ostium narrow attached to a trilobed plate, minutely 
 spined; signum absent. 
 
 Celypa woodiana, Barr. 11 
 
 The Honble. N. C. Rothschild, R. Adkin. 
 Valva narrow immediately below and adjoining the junction 
 of the valva and sacculus is a patch of spines, whilst from 
 the depression beneath spring a thick brush of fine pointed 
 spines. 
 
 Ostium protruded cup- form, attached to a narrow 
 incurved columnar plate minutely spined; aignum absent. 
 
52 
 
 Celypa striana, Schiff. 31 
 
 R. Adkin, F. G. Whittle, J. W. M. 
 
 Valva narrow, immediately below the junction of the valva 
 and sacculus are from eight to twelve strong spines, below 
 this is the large patch of the specialised spines. JMoeagus 
 slender, long. 
 
 Ostium narrow, attached to a naked round plate 
 minutely spined behind; signum rounded, scobinate. 
 
 Celypa purpurana, Haw. 22 
 
 We can see no difference between the genitalia of this species 
 and striana in either male or female. 
 
 Standinger includes purpurana as a var. of rufana, Sc., 
 from which it differs considerably. 
 
 Celypa cespitana, Hb. 43 
 
 Valva narrow; below the junction of the valva and sacculus 
 is a triangular flap, behind which a few stout spines project 
 inwardly; from the outer edge of this flap spring a long 
 row of the specialised spines. 
 
 Ostium minutely spined, attached to a crescent shaped 
 plate extended at either side; signum rounded, scobinate. 
 
 Celypa rufana, Sc. 21 
 
 Lady Robinson, H. J. Turner. 
 
 Valva narrow; sacculus angulate, at its point is a patch of 
 spines; above, it is slightly curved and edged with long 
 spines, ^doaagus long, slender. 
 
 Ostium attached to narrow, forked, minutely spined 
 plate. Signum rounded scobinate. 
 
53 
 
 VI. ANCYUSIDII. 
 
 A small but very compact group. The valvae generally 
 long; sacculus always more or less angulated; uncus 
 bifurcate or single. Female with a pair of angulate plates 
 on bursa, which form the signa. 
 
 GENUS 1. Enarmonia, Hb. TYPE woeberiana, Schif. 
 
 This genus, represented by a single species, is connected by 
 the male with the genus Lobesia in that it possesses 
 glandular bodies on the second segment; on the other hand, 
 the characteristic angulated blade of the signum seems to 
 form a fitting link with the following genus Ancylis. 
 
 Enarmonia woeberiana, Schiff 11 
 
 Valva rather short, slightly bilobed at the apex, the lower 
 lobe emitting a strong spine; sacculus trigonate. Uncus 
 weak, produced, clothed with hairs; socii large, rounded. 
 ^do3agus piriform. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium narrow; signum an 
 angular plate. 
 
 GENUS 2. Ancylis Hb. TYPE laetana, F. 
 
 Valva long, narrow; sacculus angulate. Uncus bifurcate; 
 socii drooping. ^Edoeagus cardinate, long; vesica thickly 
 set with band of deciduous cornuti, piriform. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Signa two triangular thin plates 
 emarginate below. 
 
 Ancylis mitterpacheriana, Schiff. 12 
 
 Valva deeply emarginate; sacculus rectangular; uncus 
 short. 
 
 Ostium cup-form, narrowed, sparsely apined. 
 
 Ancylis biarcuana Stph. 2 ] 
 
 R. Adkin, A. E. Atmore, F. G. Whittle. 
 Sacculus with obtuse point. Uncus long, narrow. 
 Ostium with simple rounded lip. 
 
54 
 
 Ancylis inornatana, H S. 31 
 
 Lady Robinson, John Gardner, F. G. Whittle. 
 
 Sacculus more rectangular than preceding species, otherwise 
 
 very similar. 
 
 Ancylis diminutana, Haw. A. E. Atmore. 11 
 Sacculus less than a right angle, otherwise very similar to 
 preceding species. 
 
 Ancylis comptana, Frul. J. W. M. 1 1 
 
 Sacculus acutely angled, point produced, otherwise similar 
 to preceding species. 
 
 Ancylis derasana, Hb. 21 
 
 A. E. Atmore, F. G. Whittle. 
 
 Valva outer margin gently curved, margins almost parallel; 
 
 sacculus acutely pointed, point long. 
 
 Ostium with simple rounded lip; ductus bursao short, 
 bulbed. 
 
 Ancylis unguicella, L. F. G. Whittle. 3 1 
 
 Valva shortened, outer and inward margins strongly curved 
 to a point. 
 
 Ductus bursso long, thickened, sides converging. 
 
 Ancylis, uncana, Hb. 11 
 
 Valva similar to preceding, but narrower and margins more 
 nearly parallel; sacculus extended in angular flap. 
 Ostium slightly indent at centre. 
 
 Ancylis, obtusana, Haw. 1 1 
 
 Valva curved on the outer edge, slightly tapered; sacculus 
 produced, deeply emarginate above. 
 
 Ostium with finely spined narrow lip. 
 
55 
 
 Ancylis laetana, Fab. 11 
 
 Valva gently curved, of even width; sacculus less than right 
 angle, produced. 
 
 Ostium with eliptical plate, with a few minute spines 
 at either side. 
 
 Ancylis. upupana, Tr. 1 1 
 
 Lady Robinson, F. G. Whittle, W. Purdey. 
 Valva gently curved, tapered; sacculus emarginate, 
 terminating in sharp point. Cornuti sharply barbed. 
 Ostium deeply indent, edge finely spined. 
 
 GENUS 3. Anchylopcra Stph. TYPE lundana F. 
 
 The uncus is not produced. In other respects the genitalia 
 is similar to Ancylis. 
 
 Anchylopcra lundana Fab. 4 1 
 
 Valva curved on the outer margin, widest at the anal angle; 
 sacculus angulate. Uncus not produced, bilobed. 
 
 Ostium with finely spined lip; ductus bursae constricted. 
 
 Anchylopera myrtillana, Tr. J. W. M. 31 
 
 Valva shortened, outer edge curved; sacculus angulate. 
 Uncus not produced, two small points. 
 
 Ostium wide with large lip minutely spined. 
 
 Anchylopera paludana, Bar. 12 
 
 Lady Robinson. 
 
 Valva curved; slightly tapered; sacculus sharply angulate. 
 Uncus not produced. 
 
 Ostium with wide minutely spined lip. 
 
 Anchylopera siculana, Hb. 2 2 
 
 Valva similar to preceding species, but broader; sacculus 
 angulate, points drooping. 
 
 Ostium eliptical, with broad lip. 
 
56 
 
 Anchylopcra achatana, Fab. 12 
 
 Valva curved on its outer edge; sacculus angulate, point 
 rounded. Cornuti sigmoid. 
 
 Ostinm wide, minutely spined, broad band, curved. 
 
 VII. EPIBLEMIDH. 
 
 A large group in which the male genitalia are more or less 
 uniform, but the pilleate form of the female signa is the 
 chief characteristic. 
 
 GENUS l.Acroclita, Ld. TYPE subsequana, H S. 
 
 - consequana, H S. 
 
 The exact position of this species is difficult to locate. 
 The valva and angulate sacculus denote an affinity with the 
 preceding genera. The general formation of the valva, the 
 long scales from the dorsal surface of the uncus, and the 
 double signa all bring it into close affinity with the species 
 included in the genus Zeiraphera; the nearest relatives 
 being ratzeburghiana , rufimitrana and occultana, but the 
 extraordinary development of the subuncal parts and the 
 non-retractile ovipositor place it in a genus by itself. 
 
 Acroclita subsequana H S. 11 
 
 Valva simple, rounded; sacculus with inwardly projecting 
 lobe. Uncus roughly bilobed, thickly clothed with very long 
 scales; arising centrally from either side of the uncus is a 
 lobed plate set at its edge with long spines; below this at 
 either side is a bifurcate projection, which may be a modified 
 gnathos, the outer arm curved naked, the inner arm 
 emitting two or three spines. Cornuti eight, deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium simple, spined behind; 
 signa two, pointed, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 2. Zeiraphera, Tr. TYPE corticana Hb. 
 
 A small genus, closely connected with the preceding genus. 
 
67 
 
 Valva full, rounded. Uncus set with specialised scale 
 hairs; socii long, drooping. Cornuti deciduous. 
 Ovipositor retractile. Signa pilleate. 
 
 Zeiraphera diniana On. 
 
 occultana, Dgl. 12 
 
 A. Lofthouse. 
 
 Valva rounded, indent below. Uncns set with long 
 lanceolate scales. Cornuti about fifty deciduous spines. 
 
 Ovipositor retractile, terminating at its base with a 
 long emarginate plate from which spring the segmental 
 rods; ductus bursae constricted. The signum is an 
 exception, being single, pilleate. 
 
 Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana, Rts. 2 1 
 
 Valva geniculate towards centre, not indent. Uncus 
 slightly produced, set behind with long, slender clavate 
 scales; socii pointed drooping, ^doeagus short, stout; 
 cornuti about 13, deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor retractile, terminating at the base with a 
 long emarginate plate from which spring the rods. 
 
 Ostium narrow; ductus bursno constricted near the 
 ostium. Signa two, pointed, scobinate. 
 
 Zeiraphera rufimitrana H S. 2 1 
 
 The Hon. C. N. Rothschild, J. W. M. 
 Valva rounded, gently curved, not indent. Uncus set 
 with long clavate scales; socii curved, drooping. Cornuti 
 about 21, deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor retractile, terminating in a long deeply 
 emarginate plate. Ostium narrow. Signa two : one large, 
 one small, scobinate. 
 
 Zeiraphera corticana, PIb. 2 4 
 
 Valva long, slender, indent before and beyond the centre. 
 Uncus hardly produced, set behind with long, fine hairs; 
 socii curved, drooping. Cornuti about 15, deciduous. 
 
58 
 
 Ovipositor retractile, terminating with a slightly 
 emarginate plate. Ostinm narrow; ductus bursse constructed 
 near the ostium. Signa two pilleate, one broader than the 
 others : scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 3. TYPE 
 
 Somewhat closely allied to the preceding genera, but the 
 long uncus and semifloricomous ovipositor denote either a 
 singular divergence or a separate genus. 
 
 trimaculana, Don. 11 
 
 ,7. W. M. 
 
 Valva curved, deeply indent at its junction with the sacculus. 
 Uncus long, slender, double pointed; socii drooping. 
 JSdoeagus short; cornuti 15 long, broad, deciduous. 
 
 Ostium semifloricomous, set with long clavate spatulate 
 spines, ending in a curved sharp point. Ostium simple, 
 lined with minute spines inside; ductus bursse thickened. 
 Signa two, long, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 4. Astatia, Hb TYPE solandriana, Stph. 
 
 This genus may be distinguished by the long uncus doubly 
 pointed at the tip, the large broad socii and the rather 
 pronounced shape of the valvse and sacculus, the latter 
 bearing strong spines. The female has the two pilleate 
 signa that seem to accompany this rounded form of valva. 
 
 The species run so closely together that they are only 
 separable by comparison. 
 
 The cornuti vary in shape, some are figured. 
 
 Astatia ophthalmicana, Hb. 32 
 
 Valva curved, broader towards the apex; saccnlus angulated, 
 a small wide angular indent at the junction. Uncus long, 
 strong, bipointed: socii large, angular. JMoeagus wide, 
 pointed; cornuti long, about 22, deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor wide, flattened; ostium narrow, simple; 
 signa pilleate, wide, scobinate. 
 
59 
 
 Astatia solandriana L. W. Mansbridge. 6020 
 
 Valva curved, sides almost parallel, spining on outer margin 
 considerably more than half; saccnlus rounded, lower edge 
 almost straight, emargination at the junction, wide, curved. 
 IJncus long, bipointed, lower half set with spines, upper 
 half naked; socii large, angular. /Edoeagus wide, short; 
 cornuti about 36 long, wide before the end, which is 
 angulated. 
 
 Ovipositor broad, flattened. Ostium narrow, set with 
 acutely pointed spines. Signa pilleate, heads large. 
 
 Astatia sinuana, Hb. H. C. Hayward. 20 10 
 
 Valva curved, sides almost parallel, slightly indent; spining 
 on outer margin hardly more than half; sacculus rounded, 
 lower edge gently curved, emargination at the junction more 
 abruptly curved than in solandriana. Uncus long, 
 bipointed, almost entirely spined, only naked at the tip. 
 Socii large, angular. JMoeagus wide, short. Cornuti about 
 34 long, wide before the end, which is angulated. 
 
 Ovipositor broad, narrower below. Ostium narrow, set 
 with obtusely pointed spines. Signa pilleate, heads large. 
 
 Astatia semifuscana, Stplt. 2 1 
 
 W. Mansbridge. 
 
 Valva curved wider above; sacculus curved, the patch of 
 spines broadest above, emargination at the junction very 
 shallow. Uncus strong, bipointed socii angulated. 
 ZEdoeagus narrow; cornuti 6 to 8. 
 
 Ovipositor wide, flattened. Ostium narrow. Signa 
 pilleate, two short curved, scobinate below. 
 
 Astatia sordidana, Hb. J. W.M. 31 
 
 Valva long, sides almost parallel; sacculus rounded, 
 emargination at the junction very slight, hardly indicated. 
 Uncus long, bipointed; socii angulated, Cornuti about 10 
 to 15-. 
 
60 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, broader above. Ostium narrow. 
 Signa pilleate, two, short, broad, scobinate. 
 
 Astatia similana Hb. H. J. Turner. 
 
 Valva curved; sacculus rounded, the emargination at the 
 junction narrow, rather deep. Uncus not tapered, 
 bipointed; socii angulated. ^Edoeagns narrow. Cornuti 
 about 16, long. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide above. Ostium narrow, with 
 angulate plate. Signa pilleate, short, broad, scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 5. Panoplia, Hb. TYPE cruciana L. 
 
 A genus closely allied to the preceding, as shewn by the 
 bipointed uncus, the large arm-like socii, the similarly 
 formed valvse, and in the female the pair of long scobinate, 
 pilleate signa. 
 
 Valvae curved and merge into the sacculus, which bears 
 a patch of spines on its rounded edge. Uncus stout, 
 bifurcate; tegumen hooded. Cornuti many, deciduous. 
 
 Signa pilleate, scobinate. 
 
 Panoplia subocellana, Dup. 2 1 
 
 Valva short, wider above; sacculus spines few in two rows. 
 Uncus cleft; socii pointed, curved. JMoeagus stout; 
 cornuti long, about 16. 
 
 Ovipositor not flattened, wide below, densely and 
 minutely spined. Ostium narrow; ductus bursae thickened 
 centrally. Signa long, narrow, scobinate. 
 
 Panoplia penkleriana, F.R. J. W. M. 11 
 
 Sacculus spines few. Uncus shallowly cleft; socii long, 
 curved, tip rounded. Cornuti about 15, long. 
 
 Ovipositor slender. Ostium narrow; ductus bnrsaj 
 slightly thickened centrally. Signa small, short. 
 
61 
 
 Panoplia, signatana, Dgls. 11 
 
 J. H. Threlfall. 
 
 Valva curved, cucullus distinct, spines at anal angle. Uncus 
 deeply cleft; socii long, tapered. Cornuti about 13-14. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, not narrow. Ostium narrow, 
 thickly and minutely spined behind. Ductus burs 
 thickened. Signa very large, clavate. 
 
 Panoplia nemorivaga, Tgstr. 11 
 
 Yalva curved, with cucullus; sacculus right angled, spines 
 strong at the rounded projection. Uncus cleft, sharply 
 pointed; socii abruptly tapered, base strong, thickened. 
 Cornuti about 10-11. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, short, wide. Ostium set between 
 lateral flaps. Signa large. 
 
 Panoplia immundana, F.R. J. W. M. 1 1 
 
 Valva rounded; sacculus spines in a narrow irregular row. 
 Uncus cleft, tips pointed; socii broad, spoon-shaped. 
 Cornuti many. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened wide, densely and minutely spined. 
 Ostium with thickened rim. Signa one very large, curved, 
 the other smaller. 
 
 Panoplia mercuriana, Hb. 1 1 
 
 Valva with distinct cucullus, spines at anal angle; sacculus 
 almost produced, clothed with spines. Uncus short, cleft; 
 socii wide, tapered. Cornuti about 6. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide above. Ostium narrow 
 below, at either side is a projecting teat. Signa tapered to 
 a point. 
 
 Panoplia angustana, Hb. 2 1 
 
 Lady Robinson, J. H. Threlfall. 
 
 Valva with distinct cucullus, outer edge slightly emarginate, 
 
 spined from anal angle almost to apex; sacculus almost 
 
62 
 
 geniculate, terminating -in a cavity set with spines. Uncus 
 cleft; socii tapered to a point. Cornuti 20-22. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wider above. Ostium narrow, 
 indication of teats; ductus bursre slightly scobinate towards 
 centre. Signa large, curved, scobinate. 
 
 Panoplia cruciana, L. 2 1 
 
 G. F. Whittle, E. F. Studd. 
 
 ab, obsctira Tutt. J. W. Tutt. 20 
 
 Valva with distinct cucullus, outer edge gently curved, 
 spined from anal angle almost to apex; sacculns gently 
 curved, terminating in a cavity set with spines. Uncus 
 cleft; socii tapered to a broad point Cornuti 13-16. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened wider above. Ostium narrow, teats 
 strongly developed. Ductus bursse thickened, scobinate 
 towards centre. Signa large, curved, heavily scobinate. 
 
 These much disputed species are not greatly helped by 
 the genitalia. Following the imagines, cruciana shows 
 more strongly developed organs. As these differences appear 
 constant, we have decided to keep them separate. 
 
 GENUS 6. Proteopteryx, Wals. TYPE crenana Hb. 
 Protcoptcryx crenana, Hb. 21 
 
 J. W Corder, J. W. M. 
 
 Although this species is greatly developed in the valvse, we 
 should not be disposed to make a separate genus for it. 
 
 Valva with distinct cucullus prolonged at the anal 
 angle, the junction with the sacculus forms a wide 
 emargination reducing the width of the valva; sacculus 
 wide, angular, with patch of heavy spines. Uncus hooded, 
 bipointed shallowly cleft; socii very wide, tapered. 
 Cornuti many, about 25. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wider above. Ostium narrow, 
 minutely spined, Signa large, curved, inner edge dentate. 
 
63 
 
 GENUS 7. Evetria, Hb. TYPE taedella, Cl. 
 
 The principle feature of this genus is the hooded uncus, and 
 the strong base of the socii. The species composing this 
 and the following genera show connecting links with the 
 genus Astatia. 
 
 Evetria nigricana H-S. 1 1 
 
 Valva wider above; sacculus spines in a patch; uncus short, 
 hooded, cleft, tips broad; socii long, slender, tapered, with 
 dense black base. Cornuti about 22. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wider above. Ostium narrow, 
 minutely spined. Signa large, scobinate. 
 
 Evetria rubiginosana H-S. 1 2 
 
 F. G. Whittle, R. Adkin. 
 
 Valva wide, below; sacculus spines a large patch towards 
 base. Uncus wider above, emarginate; socii long, slender, 
 tapered, base thickened. Cornuti about 16. 
 
 Ovipositor very flattened, widest in centre, spines almost 
 without tubercles. Ostium narrow, with deep internal collar. 
 Signa long, curved, scobinate. 
 
 Evetria distinctana, Bent. M.S.S., Wilk. 1 1 
 
 ?=; proximana H-S. A. E. Atmore. 
 If H-S. proximana, Vol. IV., pub. 1843-56, is the same 
 species as Bentley's M.S.S. distinctana, first published by 
 Wilkinson in 1859, the name proximana appears to us to 
 have priority, unless Haworth's fraternana, pub. 1803-1829, 
 be this insect, in which case fraternana has still further 
 priority. Stephen's description appears to agree, but Wood's 
 figure 2112 does not seem recognisable. 
 
 Valva with indistinct cucullus, spines at the anal angle; 
 sacculus spines in a patch; uncus comparatively long, deeply 
 cleft, tips bluntly pointed; socii long, slender, slightly 
 tapered, base thickened, drooping (drawn upright in figure); 
 cornuti about 22. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium narrow, collar short. 
 Signa large, scobinate. 
 
64 
 
 Evetria taedella, Cl. 43 
 
 Valva narrow, angulated at sacculus; sacculus with patch 
 of spines. Uncus short, cleft. Socii erect, tapered. 
 /Edceagus short; cornuti many deciduous, eighth sternite 
 emarginate. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide. Ostium with collar; signa 
 two, pilleate, scobinate. 
 
 Evetria demarniana, F.R. 11 
 
 Valva not angulated, wider above; sacculus rounded, patch 
 of strong spines. Uncus with shallow emargination. 
 Cornuti about 18. 
 
 Ovipositor rather narrow, eighth tergite produced 
 rounded. Ostium with collar. Signa long, curved. 
 
 Evetria bihmana, Hw. 21 
 
 Valva wider above; sacculus spines in patch; socii erect, 
 tapered with pad of short hairs at base. 
 
 Ovipisotor narrow. Ostium with strong collar. Signa 
 stout. 
 
 Evetria tctraquetrana, Hw. 3 2 
 
 Valva wider above, rounded; sacculus spines on raised 
 protuberance. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, eighth sternite produced, rounded. 
 Ostium set at either side with a hollow cavity. Signa long. 
 
 Evetria ramella, L. 22 
 
 Valva wider above, incurved, bluntly pointed at its junction 
 with the costa. Cornuti about 18. 
 Ovipositor long. Signa small. 
 
 Evetria cinerana, Haw. 21 
 
 Valva deeply incurved along the costa before the pointed 
 bead. Sacculus spines not continued without a break along 
 
65 
 
 the outer margin. Uncus short, cleft. Socii long, tapered, 
 practically naked, one or two spines towards the tip. 
 Cornuti about 18-20. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium enclosed in angular pads 
 thickly set with dark hairs. Signa long, narrow. 
 
 Evetria nisella, Cl. 21 
 
 Valva deeply incurved before the pointed head. Sacculus 
 spines continued without a break along the outer margin. 
 Uncus widely cleft, not pointed. Socii long, tapered, 
 practically naked; subscaphium strong. Cornuti very many, 
 about 40-50. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium simple, spined. Signa 
 small; narrow. 
 
 Evetria tianana TT. A. Lofthouse. 1 1 
 
 Valva short; sacculus patch of spines represented by two or 
 three rather stronger spines. Uncus short, cleft. Socii 
 long, tapered, drooping. Cornuti many. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium set at either side with 
 an ovate plate from which protrude two or three short teeth 
 near the base. Signa large. 
 
 GENUS 8. 
 
 Neurasthenia, Wai and Drt. TYPEpygmaeai\a/7b. 
 The distinguishing feature of this small genus is the erect 
 socii, closely allied if not a part of preceding genus. 
 
 Neurasthenia, subsequana H-S. 21 
 
 E. F. Studd. 
 
 Valva sinuous along the costa, two strong spines on the 
 outer margin near the apex, widely emarginate and indent 
 before the junction; sacculus spines in rounded patch. 
 Uncus wide, very slightly cleft; socii large, erect, almost 
 naked, a few spines below base very dense. Cornuti about 
 15. 
 
66 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, narrow. Ostium narrow. Signa 
 short, pointed, roughly scobinate. 
 
 Neurasthenia pygmaeana. Hb. 11 
 
 R. Adkin, F. G. Whittle, A. E. Atmore. 
 
 Valva incurved along costa emarginate on the outer edge, 
 
 indent at the junction; sacculus spined with patch of strong 
 
 spines. Uncus wide, cleft; socii large, erect, incurved, base 
 
 dense. Cornutus deciduous, sharply angled before its 
 
 attachment. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide, short. Ostium narrow. 
 Signum a short roughly scobinate spine. 
 
 GENUS 9. Notocelia Hb. TYPE udmanniana, L. 
 
 This genus is distinguished by the presence of two spines 
 at the orifice of the ^doeagus. 
 
 Valva with cucullus well denned; sacculus terminating 
 interiorly in a point. Uncus atrophied, set more or less with 
 hairs; socii drooping. zEdoeagus with two short spines at 
 the orifice; cornuti numerous deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Signa two pilleate. 
 
 Notocelia udmanniana, L. 
 
 Valva with costal and outer margins almost parallel; 
 cucullus extending slightly beyond outer margin. Socii of 
 moderate length, 
 
 Ostium connected with a plate behind, which is 
 widest above. 
 
 Notocelia stiff usana. Z. 42 
 
 -trimaculana, Haw. 
 
 Valva less narrowed than roscecolana; costa strongly 
 incurved to tip of cucullus. Socii of moderate length. 
 
 Ostium connected with a plate behind, the sides of 
 which are parallel and which is surmounted with two hairy 
 pads. 
 
a? 
 
 Notocelia rosaecolana, Dbd. 2 2 
 
 Valva very narrow before cucullus; cucullus drooping well 
 below the outer margin. Tegumen very high; socii of great 
 length. 
 
 Ostiuni connected with a plate, sides constricted. 
 
 Notocelia roborana, Tr. 43 
 
 Valva with costal and outer margins almost parallel; 
 cucullus not extending beyond outer margin. Socii wide, 
 tapered. 
 
 Ostiurn set in a rounded plate, the upper part of which 
 is straight. 
 
 Notocelia incarnatana, Hb. 3 2 
 
 Valva gently protruded on outer margin before cucullus; 
 cucullus not extending beyond outer margin. Socii short, 
 narrow, quickly tapered. 
 
 Ostium set in oblong plate, the upper part of which is 
 arched centrally. 
 
 Notocelia tetragonana, Stph. I 1 
 
 Valva short; cucullus indent on its outer margin; sacculus 
 has a rounded flap before ihe point. Socii short, incurved. 
 Ostium set in rounded plate, the upper part of which 
 is curved. 
 
 GENCS 10. Pardia, Gn. TYPE tripunctana Schif. 
 Pardia tripunctana, Schif. 
 
 Valva with cost a arched near the base; outer margin indent 
 considerably before cucullus; cucullus not distinctly divided. 
 Socii short, almost rounded. 
 
 Ostium set in a heart shaped plate. Signa of unequal 
 size. 
 
 GENUS 11. Eriopsela, Gn. TYPE quad rana, Hb 11 
 Eriopscla quadrana, 
 
 Confined so far as British species are concerned to one 
 species. 
 
68 
 
 Valva curved along the costa; deeply indent below the 
 cucullus; socii pads flattened, not free. ^Edceagus 
 pedunculate, coarsely scobinate, vesica with two long 
 cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium protruding cup-form; 
 ductus bursse wide, conate; signum pilleate. 
 
 GENUS 12. Epiblema, Hb. TYPE foenella, L. 
 
 This genus shows roughly the same form of genitalia. The 
 constancy of form of the valva makes description very 
 difficult, if not impossible. Fortunately in many 
 cases the wing parts are so distinct that it is not 
 necessary to refer doubtfuls to the examination of the 
 genitalia. We have tried to point out the distinguishing 
 feature of each, but reference to the figure is almost 
 imperative. 
 
 The absence of the two spines at the orifice of the 
 JMceagus separates this group from the preceding one. 
 
 Valva with well marked cucullus. IJncus atrophied; 
 socii drooping. ^Edoeagus on a peduncle, short, pointed; 
 cornuti many, deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, sometimes narrow. Ostium with 
 a plate; signa a pair, pilleate. 
 
 The group pflugiana-circiana has been very carefully 
 investigated. Specimens vary greatly, and the variation 
 appears to extend to the genitalia. We can find nothing 
 that enables us to separate the so-called species with any 
 great confidence. We are also unable to say what Zeller's 
 original circiana really represents. Barrett is apparently 
 correct in stacing that in pflugiana the female is smaller 
 than the male, whereas in circiana, as generally accepted, 
 the sexes are cf the same size. There are further one or 
 two dwarf forms, notably one from the Fens, which may 
 prove to be distinct species. 
 
69 
 
 Epiblema pf lugiana, Haw. 142 
 
 Yalva sides almost parallel sacculus terminating inwardly 
 in obtuse point. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, narrow, rods short, stout. 
 
 Epiblema circiana, Z. . 18 10 
 
 Valva stumpier than preceding species. 
 Ovipositor rods long, slender. 
 
 Epiblema cnicicolana, Z. W. G. Sheldon. 2 1 
 Outer margin of valva curving gently to the cucullus; 
 sacculus with a distinct obtuse point; sodi long, narrow. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow, sides incurved. Ostium rounded, 
 sides spined; duct us bursse a short collar. Signa, one 
 narrow, pointed; the other very wide. 
 
 Epiblema littoralana, Pierce and Metcalfe. 4 1 
 
 Outer margin of valva curving gently to the cucullus; 
 sacculus with an indistinct obtuse point; cucullus rather 
 longer and differently shaped from preceding species. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow, sides not incurved. Ostium more 
 oval, spined above at either side. Signa, one narrow, 
 pointed; the other very wide. 
 
 Epiblema trigeminana, Stph. 103 
 
 A. Lofthousc. 
 
 Outer edge of valva with slight eruargination before 
 cucullus; cucullus long. Socii short, tapered. 
 Dark ostium edge continued across the plate. 
 
 Epiblema grandaevana, Z. J. E. Robson. 1 1 
 Sacculus has an additional obtuse spine or flap before the 
 terminating one, which is small and ill defined. Socii wide, 
 stumpy . 
 
 Ostium plate thickened only at its sides. 
 
Epiblema turbidana, Tr. 11 
 
 Cucullus more curved than preceding species; sacculus has 
 a pilleate spine before the terminating one, which is large, 
 obtuse. 
 
 Ostium plate narrower, widely thickened at its edge. 
 
 Epiblema brunnichiana, Frol. , 21 
 
 Sacculus angulate, ernarginate before the cucullus; 
 cucullus indent, apex turning outwards. 
 
 Ostium simple, constricted before ductus bursae. 
 
 Epiblema foenella, L. 1 1 
 
 Sacculus angulate, ernarginate before the cucullus; cucullus 
 indent at the centre of its outer margin. 
 Ostium plate wider above. 
 
 GENUS 13. Phaneta, Stph. TYPE pauperana, Dup. 
 Closely connected with the preceding genus. 
 
 Valva somewhat narrower, rather stumpy, and cut off. 
 Socii short. 
 
 Phaneta pauperana, Dup. 1 1 
 
 Valva curved along the costa; sacculus slightly eniargmate 
 before the cucullus; sacculus without terminating point. 
 Socii short. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, surrounded by a large collar, below 
 which are two pairs of scobinate pads. Ostium narrow. 
 
 Phaneta nigromaculana, Hw. 3 1 
 
 Sacculus angulate; deeply ernarginate before cucullus, no 
 terminating point. Socii very short. 
 Ovipositor not flattened, specialised. 
 
 Phaneta maritima, Westd. 2 1 
 
 =candidulana, Wlk. 
 The long soci separate this species from nigromaculana. 
 
71 
 
 Sacculus angulate, deeply ernarginate before the cucullus. 
 Socii long. 
 
 Ostium thickened behind in the form of a crescent. 
 
 Phaneta pupillana, Cl. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus trigonate, outer margin almost straight, deeply 
 emarginate before the sacculus. Socii rather short. 
 
 Ostium in the form of a crescent, thickened behind. 
 
 Phaneta, aemulana. Schlg. j 2 1 
 
 tripoliana f Bar. 
 
 Costa curved; cucullus ovate; emargination wide and deep 
 before the sacculus. Socii rather long. 
 
 Ostium with oblong thickening, indent below, behind. 
 
 Phaneta latiorana, H.S. 23 
 
 ^aemulana, Myk. 
 
 Costa straighter than preceding species; cucullus more 
 trigonate; emargination before the sacculus wider and not 
 so deep. Uncus not so arched; socii shorter. 
 Ductus bursrp is shorter than in 
 
 Phaneta aspidiscana, Hb. 2 1 
 
 Costa almost straight, cucullus hardly wider than valva; 
 emargination very wide, merely a curve from the sacculus. 
 Socii very short. 
 
 Ostium with a pair of guiding spines internally. 
 
 Phaneta conterminana, H.-S. 2 1 
 
 Valva with sides almost parallel; sacculus slightly geniculate 
 and hardly curved to the cucullus. Uncus deeply indent at 
 the sides, making it appear almost round. Socii small. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow, rods very short, very wide above. 
 Ostium plate short, wider above and arched, 
 
72 
 
 GENUS 14. Catoptria, Gn. TYPE cana Haw. 
 
 The elongate cucullus appears to be the only distinguishing 
 character to separate this group from the preceding one, in 
 which the cucullus was markedly trigonate 
 
 Catoptria cana Hw. 32 
 
 Costa incurved; sacculus curved, not geniculate, curving 
 gently to the cucullus. Socii rather long Cornuti long. 
 Ovipositor narrow, rods long. Ostium plate short, edges 
 and base indent. 
 
 Catoptria fulvana Stph. 
 
 Costa slightly curved; sacculus curved, with a gentle bend 
 to the cucullus Uncus hardly produced; socii rather long. 
 
 Catoptria scopoliana, Haw. 
 
 Costa well curved inwardly; cucullus long and narrow, 
 drooping well below outer margin. Uncus slightly produced; 
 socii rather long. 
 
 Catoptria parvulana, Wilk. 
 
 The genitalia are smaller than scopoliani, otherwise there 
 is no perceptable difference in either sex. 
 
 Catoptria expallidana, Haw. 2 1 
 
 Costa curved; cucullus rounded above, slightly drooping 
 below the outer margin. Uncus produced to a point; socii 
 very tapered. 
 
 Ostium plate oblong, incurved on all four sides. 
 
 GENUS 15. Eucosma, Hb. TYPE circulana, Hb. 
 
 The extraordinary development of both male and female of 
 the single species ccecimaculana prevents us from including 
 it under the preceding genus. We have examined the male 
 of the Penny sylvanian species circulana and find that it is 
 co-generic with this species. As circulana Hb. is the type 
 
73 
 
 of Hubner's genus Eucosma, cacimaculana is the only 
 British species representative of this genus. 
 
 The chief feature is the socketed spine at the 
 termination of the valva. 
 
 Eucosma caecimaculana, Hb. 2 1 
 
 Valva long, curved cygnate ending in a strong socketed 
 spine. Uncus atrophied, very slightly produced; socii 
 curved, ^doeagus narrow: cornuti narrow, long, 14-16. 
 
 Ovipositor very narrow; ostium simple, with indent 
 collar. Signa pilleate. 
 
 GENUS 16. TYPE 
 
 The long drooping socii and deciduous cornuti seem to 
 connect up the following three species; hut we are by no 
 means certain they should be included in one genus as the 
 
 signa vary in number. 
 
 -v-.t 
 
 resinana, L. R. Adkin. 1 1 
 
 Valva with large cucullus, very deeply and widely 
 emarginate; sacculus produced inwardly in an angular plate. 
 Uncus articulated, but not produced, set with hairs; socii 
 long, drooping. '^Edceagus cardinate, short; cornuti 
 deciduous, 5. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide. Ostium with wide plate set 
 at either side with three spines. Signa pilleate. 
 
 posticana, Zett. 
 
 Lady Robinson; H. W. Harwood. 
 
 Valva short, constricted before cucullus, forming a wide 
 emargination below; sacculus produced to & point inwardly. 
 Uncus rudimentary, set with hairs; socii long, drooping. 
 /Edoeagus cardinate; cornuti deciduous, 10. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide. Ostium with heavy plate; 
 ductus bursae with thickened inside tube. Signum wide, 
 scobinate. 
 
74 
 
 turionana, Hb. J. W. M. 
 
 Valva very similar to posticana, but much larger. Uncus 
 with a tendency to become double pointed, rudimentary 
 hairy; socii long, drooping irregularly edged. J^doeagus 
 cardinate; cornuti deciduous. 13-15. 
 
 The female organs are very similar to posticana. 
 
 VIII. EPHIPPIPHORIDII. 
 
 A rather mixed group from a male genitalic point of view, 
 but closely connected in the female, which has the two 
 signa corniform. In the general plan of the male organs 
 the valvae are somewhat long and narrow, indent beyond 
 the sacculus, often there are ninth segment coremata 
 beautifully developed. The cornuti are broad, flattened and 
 deciduous. 
 
 GENUS 1. Rhopobota, Led. TYPE naevana, Hb. 
 
 Under the genus Steganoptycha, Stainton appears to have 
 seen the close relationship of the members of this little genus, 
 which subsequent writers have seen fit to divide. There is 
 nothing in the genitalia of either male or female to place 
 it here, nor in fact in any other existing group of 
 British Tortrices, although the general characters are not 
 such as to exclude it from this group. The highly developed 
 iabides find parallel in some of the Geometrid genera. 
 Unfortunately, the genitalia do not confirm the distinctive- 
 ness of two of the species geminana and naevana. 
 
 Rhopobota ustomaculana, Curt. I 1 
 
 Valva long, curved, emarginate on the costa; sacculus 
 terminating in a long point w r hioh reaches across the valva. 
 Uncus absent; socii cygnate; Iabides long, tapered, hairy. 
 ^Edoeagus short; cornuti deciduous, eight. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium constricted behind; 
 ductus? bursa> short, thickened; bursa strongly thickened 
 before the neck; signa two, small, curved, scobinate, 
 
75 
 
 Rhopobota naevana, Hb. 1422 
 
 W. Mansbridye. 
 
 Vulva not curved, emarginate on costa and outer edge; 
 sacculus weak, point not reaching across the valva. Uncus 
 absent; socii in the form of an arum lily; labides long, 
 clavate, hairy. ^Edoeagus short; cornuti many, about 
 20-24 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium weak; ductus bursse, 
 short, thickened; bursa strongly thickened before the neck. 
 Signa two, scobinate, one wider. 
 
 Rhopobota geminana, St. IF. Mansbridge. 6 2 
 We can see no difference between this species and naevana. 
 
 Rhopobota fractifasciana, Haw. 1 1 
 
 Valva curved, emarginate on the costa; sacculus angulate, 
 not produced, deeply emarginate before cucullus. Uncus 
 absent; socii delicate, a pair of long arms set with a few 
 spines, labides long, rounded, curved. /Edceagus short, 
 dentate. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium ovate; bursa thickened 
 before the neck. Signa corniform, scobinate. 
 
 Rhopobota vacciniana, Z. I 1 
 
 Valva with sides parallel, geniculate on costa near base; 
 sacculus terminating in a point, centrally. Uncus absent; 
 socii delicate, a pair of long arms finely spined; labides 
 broad hairy. ^Edoeagus short. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium simple, ovate; bursa 
 thickened before the neck; signa two corniform, scobinate. 
 The genera containing the following species do not form a 
 natural group. It is quite possible they are not closely 
 connected and may prove to be off-shoots of other genera; 
 at the same time, the strong apical spine of the valva, 
 coupled with the form of the ostium place and the shape 
 of the signa suggest a natural affinity to the preceding 
 genera, so we include them here. 
 
76 
 
 GENUS 2. TYPE 
 
 simplana, F.R. 11 
 
 R. Adkin; W. Purdey. 
 
 Valva with cucullus; costa sharply arched near the base; 
 sacculus extends along the outer margin and ends in a 
 strong socketed spine (thorn). Uncus rudimentary and 
 weakly chitinised, is produced in an arm which divides at 
 the extremity, crutch-form. Socii not free, long hairy 
 lobes, Cornuti many. Indications of coremata with 
 comparatively short scales. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostinm with oblong plate. Signa 
 long, pointed, corniform. 
 
 GENUS 3. TYPE 
 
 albersana, Hb. 1 1 
 
 A. E. Atmore. 
 
 The single signum and general formation of the male 
 genitalia seem to denote that the species requires a more 
 suitable position. 
 
 Valva long, terminating in a socketed spine, deeply 
 emarginate at the anal angle; sacculus rounded. Uncus 
 weak rounded, spatulate. Socii absent. /Edoeagus on a 
 long peduncle, narrow; cornuti about 12, sigmoid. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, angular. Ostium simple. Signum 
 curved, not scobinate. 
 
 GENUS 4. Spilonota, Stph. TYPE ocellana, F. 5 3 
 Spilonota ocellana, F. 
 
 Valva long curved, cygnate, ending in a strong socketed 
 spine Uncus absent. Socii almost erect, short, tapered. 
 JMoeagus short; cornuti 7-9. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium with elipitcal plate. 
 Signa short pointed, scobinate. 
 
77 
 
 Spilonota lariciaiia, Hein. W. Mansbridge 6 
 
 We can see no difference between this and the preceding 
 species. At the same time, we would point out that in the 
 first place the material is not very reliable; in the second 
 place, the curious curvature of the valvae make examination 
 almost impossible. There appears to be some difference in 
 the cucullus where it joins the costa; in some specimens 
 it is emarginate, in others it is gently curved; the wing 
 parts do not appear to hold true to this distinction. In the 
 female there is apparently a difference in the eliptical form 
 of the ostium plate, but the difficulty of obtaining the same 
 view prevents us from definitely declaring a distinction , 
 and here again the wing parts do not coincide with this 
 character. We prefer to leave them, as heretofore, 
 separate species. 
 
 GENUS 5. Gypsonoma, Myk. TYPE dealbana,Fr67. 
 
 This rather compact genus is nearly allied to the preceding 
 groups and connected through nanana. The uncus is lost 
 and the socii much reduced. The spinin^ at the apex of 
 the valva is a strong characteristic of the genus and brings 
 Neurasthenia subsequana into close association with it, 
 which is also borne out by the slightly different construction 
 of the signa. The coremata of the ninth segment are 
 generally well developed. The ostium of the female is 
 elaborated. 
 
 Gypsonoma accriana Dup 42 
 
 Valva squarely oblong, set at the apex with two or three 
 sharp spines below the middle, and a single one at the anal 
 angle Socii broad, rounded. J^doeagus short, rounded, 
 base bulbed; cornuti about 22. Coremata long scales. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium with crescent shaped 
 plate indented at either side before the ostium. Signa 
 large 
 
78 
 
 Gypsonoma minutana, Hb. J. IF. M. 1 1 
 
 Valva rounded, apex with patch of spines and a single 
 spine at the anal angle. Socii broad, rounded. JEdoeagus 
 conical; cornuti many. 
 
 Ovipositor broad, flattened, without papillae. Ostium 
 lipped, with narrow plate. Signa pointed, corniform. 
 
 Gypsonoma dealbana, Frol. 41 
 
 F. G. Whittle. 
 
 Valva rounded, set with spines at the apex, deeply 
 emarginate below the anal angle, where there is a single 
 epine; saccnlus ill defined, forming a projecting spine 
 centrally towards the costa. Socii broad, founded. Cornuti 
 many. Coremata composed of broad scales. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium set at either side, with 
 a protruding plate bearing a round spiny prominence. Signa 
 long pointed, corniform. 
 
 Gypsonoma neglectana Dup. 2 3 
 
 Valva rounded, set with a patch of spines at the apex, 
 shallow! y emarginate below the anal angle, which bears 
 three spines. Socii broad, rounded. Cornuti many. 
 Coremata long, curved scales. 
 
 Ovipositor broad, flattened, thickly set with tubercles 
 and hairs, and darkly thickened. Ostium set at either side 
 with an angular protruding plate clothed with fine spines. 
 Signa long pointed, corniform. 
 
 Gypsonoma oppresana, Tr. 11 
 
 Valva rounded set with a patch of spines at the apex, 
 emarginate below the anal angle, which bears a single spine. 
 A small projection near the costa towards the base; socii 
 broad, rounded. Cornuti many. Coremata very long, 
 slender scales. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium set at either side with an 
 irregular protruding plate, clothed with fine spines. Signa 
 long, pointed, corniform. 
 
79 
 
 GENUS 6. Rhyacionia lib. TYPE buoliana, Schif. 
 
 This genus is capable of being divided into several 
 genera. It will be seen we have included citrana in it. 
 The male, and signa of the female, suggest a close affinity, 
 but it will be noticed that the ovipositor shows a strong 
 difference, due to peculiarity of oviposition. A parallel case 
 may be seen in the species incertana of the Cnephasia group. 
 The way in which the species of this large group run into 
 each other only to drift away and return requires many 
 connecting links before a satisfactory classification becomes 
 discernible. F N.P. differentiated the first and third species 
 in the " Entomologists Record " for 1909, Vol XXI., p. 3, 
 at the request of E. R. Bankes and proved conclusively that 
 there were two species. 
 
 Valva more or less cardinate, indent below the cucullus; 
 Uncus atrophied; socii reduced to mere pads. ^Edceagus 
 cardinate, irregular in formation, often dentate. Cornuti of 
 such diversity as to suggest different genera. 
 
 Ovipositor (except in citrana) flactened, angular; 
 cornuti very irregular, embracing other genera. 
 
 Rhyacionia buoliana Schif, 43 
 
 E. R. Bankes. 
 
 Valva stumpy, inwardly curved along the costa, emarginate 
 below the cucullus on the outer margin. Uncus rudimentary, 
 the tegumen forming two slight projections; socii round 
 hairy pads. ^Edoeagus cardinate, ending in obtuse point. 
 Cornuti four, not deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, angular. Ostiura wide; ductus 
 bursa? short. Bursa delicate, without signa. 
 
 Rhyacionia pinivorana, r A. 22 
 
 IF. \Jtntftbridtic; .-I. Lofthonsc. 
 
 Valva stumpy: cucullus roundly pointed at the anal angle, 
 
80 
 
 emarginate below; sacculus terminating in a point. Uncus 
 rudimentary, rounded, set at either side with a single hair; 
 socii reduced to a pair of minute rounded pads, emitting four 
 spines. JMceagus cardinate, stout, dentate above; cornuti 
 two sets, not deciduous 17, deciduous 17. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide. Ostinm wide, cup-form; 
 signa two, curved, slightly scobinate. 
 
 Rhyacionia pinicolana Dbd. 43 
 
 E. R. Bankes. 
 
 Valva narrow, deeply and widely emarginate below the 
 cucullus on the outer margin. Uncus rudimentary, the 
 (iegumen forming a slight point spined at either side. 
 ^Edceagus long., cardinate . ending in two obtuse points 
 without cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, angular. Ostium wide, set at 
 either side with a rounded cavity; ductus bursoo long. 
 thickened. Bursa with two pilleate signa, scobinate. 
 
 Rhyacionia retifcrana, Web. A. C. Vine. 1 1 
 A male and female supposed to be this species w r ere sent for 
 examination; these proved to be identical with pinivorana. 
 We have not had an opportunity of examining genuine 
 material. 
 
 Rhyacionia logaea, Drnt. 21 
 
 R. Adkin; J. W. M. 
 
 Valva narrow; cucullus pointed at the anal angle, emarginate 
 below, the fold produced in an angular flap. Uncus 
 rudimentary, pointed, and set with spines. ^Edoeagus short, 
 narrow; cornuti 10 12, not deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium narrow. Signa, small, 
 scobinate. 
 
81 
 
 Rhyacionia? duplana, Hb. 
 
 There appears to be no record of this species ever having 
 been taken in Britain. We have not had an opportunity of 
 examining the genitalia. 
 
 Rhyacionia citrana, Hb. 11 
 
 Valva long; cucullus pointed at the anal angle, slightly 
 emarginate below. Uncus rudimentary, pointed, and set 
 with very long hairs; socii slightly drooping. ^Edoeagus 
 cardinate, ending in an obtuse point; cornuti deciduous, 9. 
 
 Ovipositor singularly developed, retractile, pointed; 
 below at either side of the opening is another point, 
 minutely clothed with sharp spines. Ostiuin eliptical; 
 signa pilleate of uneven size. 
 
 The formation of the ovipositor is a safe indication that 
 the eggs are laid inside a slit made in the food. This may 
 account for the fact that the larva is unknown. This 
 ovipositor is unique among British Tortrices. 
 
 Rhyacionia microgrammana, Haw. 2 1 
 
 J. W. M. 
 
 Valva narrow, cucullus pointed at the anal angle, slightly 
 emarginate below. Uncus rudimentary, pointed, and set 
 with two fine hairs at either side. ^Edceagus cardinate, very 
 long, narrow, destitute of cornuti. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened narrow. Ostium constricted within 
 leading to a blind sac from above which branches the bursa , 
 which has a broad band of squamous teeth at the neck. 
 Signa small, scobinate; corniform. 
 
 GENUS 7. Cydia, Hb. TYPE pomonella, L. 
 
 The produced sacculus, fixed cornuti of male, and the 
 dentate ductus bursae of the female seem to denote a separate 
 genus for the three following species. We would also note 
 that the dornuti and signa tend to unite them to the species 
 contained in the genera Pammene, etc. 
 
82 
 
 Cydia succedana, S.D.; Frol. 52 
 
 = ulici t aaa , Haw. 
 
 Valva narrow, cucullus hardly pointed at anal angle, deeply 
 emarginate below. Uncus rudimentary, naked. ^Edoeagus 
 cardinate, branched towards the tip with a wide thorn-like 
 spike; cornuti not deciduous, 12 14. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium with narrow ring; signa 
 long, slender, scobinate, corniform. 
 
 Cydia coniferana, Btz. A. Lofthouse. 11 
 
 Valva long, cucullus rounded, emarginate; sacculus 
 producing a long spike, below this a further emarginalion. 
 Uncus rudimentary, set with a few fine hairs. JlSdooagus 
 cardinate; cornuti not deciduous, 11. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide. Ostium with narrow ring; 
 ductus bursae thickened, widened and set with two large 
 teeth before the bursa; signa narrow, scobinate, corniform. 
 
 Cydia pomonella, L. 31 
 
 Valva long; cucullus rounded; sacculus producing a spike. 
 Uncus rudimentary, pointed, naked. ^Edoeagus cardinate, 
 with rounded plate towards apex; cornuti not deciduous, 7. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, wide. Ostium with ring; ductus 
 bursae thickened, widened below with dentate patch. Signa 
 curved; scobinate corniform. 
 
 GENUS 8. TYPE. 
 
 The exereme narrowing of the valva before the cucullus, the 
 absence of socii, the curiously fish-shaped deciduous cornuti 
 and the long, simple signa. place the two following species 
 in a separate genus. There are probably other non-British 
 species which may throw more li<j;ht on their relative 
 position. 
 
sy Ivestrana, Curt. 1 1 
 
 Lady Eobinson; Hcv. W. Claxton. 
 
 Valva long, very narrow before the cucullus; sacculus forms 
 a right angle, the apex of which is produced in an angular 
 flap. Uncus rudimentary set with numerous hairs. 
 ZEdoeagiis cardinate , short; cornuti deciduous, 5; very wide, 
 spatulate, shaped like a fish. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, 7th segment produced at either 
 side forming a collar to the ostium. Ostium eliptical; ductns 
 bursae thickened; signa very long, tapered to a fine point, 
 naked. 
 
 purdeyi, Drnt. 
 W. Purdey; J. W. M. 
 
 Sacculus forms a right angle, the apex of which is not 
 produced in a flap. ^Edceagus cardinate; cornuti 9, of which 
 4 are fixed, 5 deciduous, very wide, shaped like a fish. 
 Ovipositor flattened. 7th segment produced at either 
 side into two blunt points Ostium ringed; ductus bursic 
 thickened; signa long, curved, tapered to a point, naked. 
 
 GENUS 9. Strophedra, Stph. TYPE flexana, Z. 
 
 Strophedra nitidana, F. 1 l 
 
 Valva narrow; costa almost straight; cucullus ovate; 
 sacculus very slightly indent before cucullus. ^dceagus 
 cylindrical; cornuti four or five rows of densely barbed 
 spines, not deciduous. 
 
 Ostium gathered into an aglutinated point below; 
 ductus bursa short; signa corniform curved. 
 
 Strophedra flexana, Z. 1 l 
 
 Costa incurved- cvuMillus more roundrd. /Rdofia^ns tapered; 
 cornuti absent. Ostium gathered into an aglutinated point 
 below the signa; corniform shorter than nitidana. 
 
34 
 
 GENUS 10. Euspila Stph. TYPE compositella, F. 
 
 This and the following genus form a small group, closely 
 allied, but divided by the spined tegumen. 
 Valva with distinct cucullus; indent before the sacculus. 
 Tegumen spined with fine spines set in sockets. JEdceagus 
 on peduncle; cornuti fixed and deciduous. The eighth 
 segment developed ventrally in a flap from which extend the 
 two sides laterally in the form of arms, terminating in a 
 corematal pad from which long filiform hairs protrude like a 
 sweep's brush; the two sides are joined dorsally by an 
 exceedingly delicate membrane, covering which is the final 
 segmental plate. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium with pouch-like opening. 
 Signa modified pilleate, or entirely absent. In an American 
 species interstinctana, which is almost identical in wing 
 markings with mternana, the signa are also entirely absent. 
 
 Euspila c ace ana, Schlg. 2 1 
 
 Cuculhis long, ovate. Spines on tegumen confined to the 
 apex. 
 
 Ostium delicate; signa absent; Bursa round, with a 
 round blind sac. 
 
 Euspila paffifroateUa, Z. 11 
 
 Cucullus ovate; emargination wide, not deep; tegnmental 
 spines carried over a considerable portion of the tegumen. 
 
 Ostium cup-form, constricted before neck, set behind 
 with stout scales, bursa with long, blind sac. Signa short 
 hardly corniform. 
 
 Euspila compositella, F. a 1 
 
 Cucullus more rounded; emargination deep; tegumental 
 spines over a considerable portion of tegumen. 
 
 Ostium shorter than preceding species; bursa with blind 
 sac; signa very wide. 
 
We have examined the form in which the dorsal blotch 
 is not subdivided, making it appear as two narrow blotches. 
 We can find no difference in the genitalia. 
 
 Euspila internana, On. 4 1 
 
 Cucullus rounded; emargination deep, wider than preceding 
 species; tegumental spines cover a less area. 
 
 Ostium delicate, neck rather long; bursa with elongate, 
 blind sac; signa wide, short, truncate. 
 
 GENUS 11. Ephippiphora, wp. TYPBpcrlcpidana, Haw 
 
 The absence of the tegumental spines and the development, 
 of an additional patch of broad scales fr >m the corematal 
 pad necessitate a division. 
 
 Ephippiphora scopariana, H S. 
 
 Cucullus almost; trigonate; emargination very deep; teguinen 
 naked. ^Edceagus broad; cornuti two very long, fixed, as 
 well as many deciduous. Coremata with broad scales. 
 
 Ostium with broad surround; ductus bursao scobinate; 
 bursa with long, narrow blind sac. Signa curved. 
 
 Ephippiphora perlepidana, Hw. 2 1 
 
 Cucullus narrow, rounded: emargination deep; tegumen 
 naked. /Edceagus broad; cornuti three long fixed, as well as 
 many deciduous. Coremata long, filiform. 
 Signa smaller than scopariana, corniform. 
 
 GENUS 1-2. Grapholita, TV. TYPE dorsana, F. 
 
 This genus appears to run parallel to the two preceding 
 genera. The connecting link seems to be the rather curious- 
 thickening of the ductus bursa? at the neck. Valva rather 
 short; cucullus distinct; tegumen sometimes with socketed 
 spines ^Edoeagus often tapered; cornuti deciduous, 
 corematal pad emitting broad scales sometimes also filiform 
 hairs. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened; duet UK bursro \vith a strong 
 thickening at the neck; signa corniform. 
 
88 
 
 Grapholita orobana, Tr. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus rounded; tegumen with spines. JMouagus 
 constricted; cornuti many short deciduous, also three or four 
 very fine acicular. Coremata filiform and broad scales. 
 
 Ostium with narrow collar with small projections at 
 either side. 
 
 Grapholita dorsana, F. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus rounded; tegumen with spines. JMoeagus 
 constricted scobmate; cornuti fine, long; coremata filiform 
 and broad scales. 
 
 Ostium rectangular plate with small projections at 
 either side. 
 
 Grapholita reset icolana, Z. 11 
 
 Cucullus roughly pointed above; sacculus extended in a blunt 
 point; tegumen naked. JMoeagus geniculate with a single 
 cornutus deciduous. Coremata broad scales. 
 Ostium narrow, scobinate behind. 
 
 Grapholita ianthiana, Gn. 32 
 
 Cucullus very short; sacculus with rounded projection at 
 3/4; tegumen naked. ^Edoeagus tapered, narrow, angularly 
 widened at apex; cornutus one deciduous. Corepaata broad 
 scales 
 
 Ostium sharply angled to a point above. 
 
 Grapholita funcbrana, Tr. 11 
 
 Cucullus rounded, straight above; sacculus with angular 
 projection at 7/8; tegumen naked. ^Edoeagus with upturned 
 point at orifice; cornutus one, fish shape, deciduous. 
 Coremata broad scales. ^ 
 
 Ostium a small circle with side pieces. 
 
 GENUS 13. Endopisa, Gn. TYPE nigricana, Rt.ph. 
 The absence of coremata separates this rarher closely allied 
 species. Its exact position is uncertain. 
 
87 
 
 Endopisa nigricana, Stph. 2 1 
 
 Cucullus large, heavily spined inwardly; sacculus with 
 angular projection before the ciicullus; tegnmen heavily 
 scaled .Edojagus with angular apex; cornuti 5 long, fine, 
 not deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ductus bursse with the strong 
 thickening at the neck so prominent a character of the 
 preceding genus. Signa corniform. 
 
 GENUS 14. Cerata, Stph. TYPE servillana, Dup. 
 Closely allied, exact position uncertain. 
 
 Cerata servillana, Dup. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus rounded; emargination small. ^Edoeagus branched 
 and dentate at 1/2; cornuti 6 short, strong, not deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium weak; ductus bursae with 
 strong thickening at the neck. Signa corniform. 
 
 GENUS 15. TYPE 
 
 Closely allied, exact position uncertain, probably branched 
 
 from scopariana. 
 
 strobilella, L. 21 
 
 Cucullus rounded; emargination deep. /Edoeagus obtusely 
 pointed at apex; cornuti in two sets 3 4, long, uneven 
 length, 6 7 short, even. 
 
 Ovipositor retractile. Ductus bursoe with thickening at 
 the neck, scobinate below; signa small, corniform. 
 
 GENUS 1C. TYPE 
 
 Closely allied, exact position uncertain, probably a branch 
 
 from Endopisa. 
 
 leguminana, Z. 1 1 
 
 Costa almost straight; ciicullus ovate; sacculus terminating 
 in angular projection before the wide emargination; 
 tegumental spines reduced to a minute pad set with three or 
 
8* 
 
 four spines. JSdoeagus tapered, cornutus probably one very 
 fine, not deciduous. 
 
 Ostium plate not completely surrounding the ostium; 
 ductus bursae thickened at the neck; signa small, corniform. 
 
 GENUS 17. TYPE 
 
 This closely allied species appears to be the connecting link 
 to the following very compact genus. It possesses characters 
 that crop up in various individuals of the group. 
 
 gemmiferana, Tr. J. W. M. 11 
 
 Cucullus not distinct, spined; a patch of heavy spines at the 
 junction of the sacculus; tegumen naked. /Edoeagus wide, 
 pointed; cornuti one curved fixed, many deciduous. 
 
 Ostium rounded. Ductus bursno thickened at the neck 
 and scobinate. Signa corniform. 
 
 GENUS 18. Pammene, Hb. TYPE traimiana, Schif. 
 This genus may be distinguished from all others by the 
 presence of a curious formation of scales at the base of the 
 6th tergite the basal edge of the 6th and 7th segments are 
 strongly ehitinised and form a sharply cut edge. 
 
 Valva with various modifications of cucullus; sacculus 
 sometimes set with strong spines. Uncus atrophied, 
 generally naked; tegumen often clothed with scales. 
 ^Edoeagus tapered; cornuti two sets deciduous and fixed. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium generally in a cleft plate; 
 ductu? bursao very short; bursa proportionately large; si^na 
 corniform, scobinate. 
 
 Pammene gallicana, Gn. 11 
 
 -rufillana, Wilk. 
 
 Costa and inner margin inwardly curved; cucullns merged. 
 /Edoeagus sigmoid; cornuti 3, short, fixed. 
 
 Ostium cnpform; ductus bnrsao thickened at the neck. 
 
89 
 
 Pammene ochsenheimeriana* Z. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus wide with heavy spining at the junction with the 
 sacculus; sacculus slightly produced, indent before cucullus. 
 /Edoeagus bottle shaped; cornutus one strong. 
 
 Ostium weak; ductus bursao thickened at the neck. 
 
 Pammene sptendidulana, Gn. 11 
 
 Cucullus ovate; emargination deep. ^Edoeagus with 
 projecting blind sac before orifice; cornuti about 7 strong, 
 one deciduous. 
 
 Ostium widely ovate; ductus bursao slightly thickened 
 at the neck. 
 
 Pammene fimbriana, Hw. , 1 1 
 
 Cucullus very large, more than one half of the valva, pointed 
 at the anal angle; sacculus with 4 or 5 exceptionally strong 
 spines. /Edoeagus with rounded projection before orifice; 
 cornuti 10 12 fixed, 3 deciduous. 
 
 Ostium elongate; ductus bursae thickened at the neck. 
 
 Pammene argyrana, Hb. 40 
 
 Costa curved; cucullus elongate; sacculus with 12 
 exceptionally strong spines. ^Edoeagus with rounded 
 projection before orifice; cornuti several, about 12 fixed and 
 4 or 5 deciduous. 
 
 Ostium curved; ductus burso? thickened at the neck. 
 
 Pammene costipunctana, Haw. I 1 
 
 As costipunctana was originally a British species founded 
 on a unique specimen, -we describe an insecfc included in Dr. 
 Mason's foreign types under this name, without suggesting 
 that it is the same as Haworth's type. 
 Cucullus occupies nearly the whole valva; sacculus with two 
 exceptionally strong spines. ^Edoeagus bottle shaped; 
 cornuti several fine, short fixed, 5 wide deciduous. 
 
 Ostium curved; ductus bursac thickened. 
 
90 
 
 Pammene albuginana, On. 2 1 
 
 = gallicolana, Z. 
 
 - obscurana, Wilk. 
 
 Cucullus occupies nearly the whole valva; sacculus without 
 strong spines. ^Edoeagus slightly bottle shaped; cornuti 3 
 fixed; 8 deciduous. 
 
 Segmental covering of ostium wrinkled; ostium curved; 
 ductus bursae thickened. 
 
 Pammene obscurana, Stph. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus elongate; emargination slight, wide. ^Edoeagus 
 bottle shaped; cornuti several fine, fixed; 1 or 2 deciduous. 
 
 Ostium curved; ductus bur see thickened. 
 
 Pammene aurana, F. 11 
 
 Valva with large patch of spines extending beyond the 
 sacculus to the cucullus. yEdoeagus tapered; cornuti many, 
 fine, fixed; one deciduous. 
 
 Ostium elongate, curved; ductus bursao thickened. 
 
 Pammene rheediella, Cl. 11 
 
 Cucullus angulated before junction with the sncculns. 
 yEdoeagus tapered; cornuti 4 strong, fixed; 2 deciduous. 
 Ostium elongate, curved; ductus bursoo thickened. 
 
 Pammene trauniana, Schiff. 11 
 
 Cucullus obtusely angled before the sacculus; spines on 
 sacculus in a patch. rEdoeagus tapered; cornuti several, 
 fixed; 4 deciduous. 
 
 Ostium narrow, curved; clothed with minute spines. 
 
 Pammene regiana, Z. 11 
 
 Cucullus rather rounded; sacculus evenly clothed with 
 spines. Cornuti many, short, several deciduous. 
 
 Ostium wider than trauniana; the minute spining 
 interspersed with long slender spines. 
 
91 
 
 Pammene spiniana, Dup. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus short, angulated at anal angle, JMoeagus tapered; 
 cornuti many, fixed; 9 deciduous. 
 
 Ostium curved, ductus bursae thickened with a few teeth 
 at the base. 
 
 Pammene populana, F. 3 1 
 
 Cucullus hardly angulated at the anal angle. ^Edceagus 
 almost bottle shaped; cornuti many, fixed; 9 10 deciduous. 
 Sides of ostium project, forming a ridge with a stoop 
 like opening. 
 
 Pammene Juliana, Curt. 2 1 
 
 Cucullus elongate; emargination slight. ^Edceagus bottle 
 shaped; cornuti many, fine fixed; about 21 deciduous. 
 Ostium curved; ductus bursae slightly thickened. 
 
 Pammene? nimbana, H S. A. C. Vine. 
 We have drawn a pair of specimens in the Vine collection 
 purporting to be this species, the male genitalia appears to 
 be identical with grossana Hb. and the female with Juliana 
 Curt. In the absence of reliable material we express no 
 opinion as to whether it is a good species or not 
 
 GENUS 19. TYPE 
 
 The strongly scaled tegumen, tapered JMoeagus, the 
 
 practical absence of cornuti in the male, the minute ostium 
 
 and long ductus bursae separate this genus from all the 
 
 others. 
 
 Valva with indefinite cucullus; tegumen thickly clothed 
 with strong scales. ^Edoeagus tapered, sometimes bottle 
 shaped. 
 
 Ostium very small; ductus bursse long, simple; signa 
 short, corniform. 
 
92 
 
 cognatana, Barr. 11 
 
 Valva with large patch of spines at the angle of the sacculus, 
 between this and the cucullus naked. .ZEdoeagus narrow, 
 tapered; cornutus one. 
 
 Ostium plate constricted behind minutely spined and 
 interposed with long hairs. 
 
 germaraaa, Hb. 2 1 
 
 Cucullus with strong spines at the junction with the 
 sacculus; emargination curved with small round patch of 
 6 7 fine spines. /Edoeagus tapered before the orifice; 
 cornuti one slender, fixed, 3 deciduous. 
 
 Ostium curved, only spined centrally behind. 
 
 splendana, Hb. 1 1 
 
 Cucullus defined. /Edoeagus bottle shaped, dentate where it 
 narrows. 
 
 Ostium minutely spined and interposed with many long, 
 fine hairs; bursa with small scobinate patch at the neck. 
 
 grossana, Hw. 21 
 
 Valva with raised fold between cucullus and sacculus. 
 ^Sdceagus bottle shaped without dentations. 
 
 Ovipositor specialised, set with strong socketed spines. 
 Ostium set with broad scales; ductus bursso narrow. 
 
 GENUS 20. Laspeyresia TYPE#6.corollana,#6. 11 
 
 N. C Rothschild. 
 
 The absence of the eighth segment development separates 
 
 this genus from the following to which it is otherwise closely 
 
 allied. 
 
 Laspeyresia corollana, Hb. 
 
 Valva with distinct cucullus, indent before the sacculus. 
 Spines on tegumen confined to the uncus. /Edoeagus with 
 dentate ridge centrally. Cornuti a pair and five short, stout 
 spines. 
 
93 
 
 Ovipositor flattened; ostium with deep, thickened 
 collar; duct us bursao dentate Signa corniform. 
 
 GENUS 21. TYPE 
 
 cosmorphorana, Tr. 1 1 
 
 Valva simple; sacculus set with long spines; tegumen 
 naked. ^Edceagus short, stout; cornuti three sets; one set 
 of four long, the other two of six short. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium with short dentate ductus 
 bursae; signa corniform. 
 
 GENUS 22. TYPE 
 
 hypericana, Hb. 
 
 Valva simple; sacculus with round patch of clavate hairs; 
 tegumen naked. -ZEdceagus without cornuti, a projecting 
 flap at apex. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium weak; ductus bursao very 
 narrow, duct long; signa widely corniform. 
 
 GENUS 23. Selania,#pft. TYPE leplastriana, 'Curt. 11 
 Selania leplastriana, Curt 
 
 Valva wider at cucullus, which has a row of spines 
 terminating in one very strong at the anal angle, the valva 
 clothed with large dark scales; tegumen naked. JEdceagus 
 geniculate; cornuti two long, strong fixed spines and a large 
 number, probably one hundred, deciduous spines. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium wide; ductus bursse 
 constricted, opening into a large, thickly chitinised dentate 
 bulb at the neck of the bursa; signa corniform. 
 
 IX. UPOPTYCHIDH. 
 
 Valva cardinate; cucullus well developed. Uncus atrophied, 
 naked; socii absent. /Edoeagus cardinate; cornut: deciduous. 
 Signa one curved, scobinate spine. 
 
 GENUS 1. Hemimene, Hb. TYPEpctivcrclla,L. 
 
 Tlie Dichroramph&fl are a fairly compact group a.n<l aro 
 divided from the Lipoptycha by the absence of the lar-o 
 
94 
 
 spatulate anellus lobes, which are present in that genus; 
 otherwise the genitalia show strong connecting links. 
 Valva more or less cardinate; cucullus large; sacculus not 
 produced. Uncus atrophied, naked; socii absent. zEdoeagus 
 cardinate on a peduncle; cornuti many, deciduous. 
 
 Ovipositor usually flattened. Ductus bursae thickened 
 above, tubular. Signa usually one long, curved; scobinate 
 spine 
 
 Hemimene pctivcrclla, L. J. W. M 3-3 
 
 Costa deeply emarginate before the cucullus, giving the 
 whole valva the appearance of being turned round at the 
 extremity. Cucullus twice pointed, at the anal angle and 
 also at the start of the oblong emargination before the 
 sacculus. ^Edoeagus spiral; cornuti about 25. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow, not flattened. Ostium rounded, 
 supported by a pair of long, strong rods; ductus bursrc 
 curled, neck not truncate. 
 
 Hemimene alpinana, Tr. 21 
 
 = Havidorsana, Knaggs. 
 
 Cucullus divided from valva, crescent form. zEdoeagus 
 spiral at the tip; cornuti about 20. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium rounded, supported by a 
 pair of short, stout rods; ductus bursse curved to left, neck 
 truncate. 
 
 Hemimene questionana, Z. 11 
 
 = politana, Hb. 
 
 Costa angulate before cucullus; cucullus once pointed before 
 anal angle. ^Edoeagus curved ending in a long curled 
 projection; cornuti about 25. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium rounded; ductus bursap 
 long, straight, curled before the bursa. 
 
95 
 
 Hemimene plumbagana, '/'/. 1 1 
 
 Costa deeply emarginate before the cucullus; cuculus ovate, 
 extremity to a point. .Edooagus short, tip rounded; 
 cornuti many. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened, rather narrow. Ostium with a lip 
 set in a large, thick plate; ductus bursae narrow, short. 
 
 Hemimene consortana, Stph. J. W '. M. 3 1 
 Costa gently curved to cucullus; cucullus almost squared 
 before the outer emargination before the sacculus. 
 ^Edoeagus sigmoid, ending in two or three dentations; 
 cornuti 4 6. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium deeply cleft, supported by 
 strong arms; ductus bursae short, edged with balck nodules. 
 
 Hemimene simpliciana, Hw. J. W. M. 1 1 
 
 Valva narrows considerably before the cucullus, which is 
 evenly expanded on the costal and outer margins. 
 JMceagus short, cornuti very numerous. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium rounded, supported by a 
 pair of very short rods; ductus bursa> lon^j;, campanulate, 
 edged with black nodules. 
 
 Hemimene alpestrana, H S. A. C. Vine. 1 3 
 
 Valva slightly emarginate before cucullus, a deep, oval 
 emargination before the sacculus. /Edreagus narrow, 
 widened and dentate at the apex; cornuti about 22. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium eliptical; ductus lursae 
 long, conical. 
 
 Hemimene tanaceti, Sit. 63 
 
 = herbosana, Bar. J. W. M. 
 
 Valva short; costa curved to cucullus; an emargination 
 before the sacculus; cucullus folded forming a flap. 
 JRdoeagus very wide, spiral; cornuti about 25 in two rows. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium rounded, supported by 
 heavy rods; ductus bursae bulbed. Signa two, one much 
 smaller. 
 
96 
 
 Hemimene acuminitana, Z. J. W. M. 1 1 
 
 Costa almost straight; cucullus bluntly pointed before the 
 ovate emargination. /Edoeagus short , a tooth at the apex; 
 cornuti about 9. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium rounded, thickened all 
 round and supported by a pair of stout rods; ductus bursso, 
 conical to a point. 
 
 Hemimene sequana, Hb. 3 1 
 
 Costa gently curved to cucullus; cucullus rounded, deeply 
 cleft before the sacculus. ^Edoeagus long, very curved; 
 curled to a point at the apex; cornuti 12 19. 
 
 Ovipositor narrow. Ostium rounded; ductus bursse 
 long, spiral. 
 
 Hemimene senectana, Gn. J. W. M. 1 1 
 
 Valva stumpy, gently incurved on both costal and outer 
 margins before the rounded cucullus. ^Edoeagus long, 
 curved, pointed; cornuti about 11. 
 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium cup-form; ductus biirscne 
 long, sides parallel, curved to left. 
 
 GENUS 2. Lipoptycha, Ld. TYPE burgnionana, Dup. 
 
 So far we have differentiated four species, three of which 
 have already been described and named. The males differ 
 but little, but the females show much stronger difference. 
 The wing markings of all are very similar. We have not 
 examined the type. 
 
 Valva constricted before the cucullus. Uncus atrophied, 
 practically naked. ^Edosagus short on peduncle; cornuti 
 deciduous; anellus lobes large, ovate, spatulate, scobinate. 
 Ovipositor flattened. Ostium cup-form; ductus bursre 
 tubular, thickened above; signum long, curved, scobinate. 
 
97 
 
 Lipoptycha plumbana, Sc. 65 
 
 Valva comparatively narrow; emargination before saccnlus 
 very narrow. Anellus lobes weakly scobinate. 
 
 Ostium funnel shaped, uneven at the sides, with a 
 central flap which appears to divide the tube into two 
 halves. Signum curved, scobinate. 
 
 Lipoptycha torrana, n.s. Pierce & Metcalfe. 
 
 J. W. M. from Torquay. 
 
 Yalva wider than plumbana; emargination before saccnlus 
 wider than plumbana. Uncus set with two small spines. 
 Anellus lobes very weakly scobinate. 
 
 Ostium set in thick chitinous ring, arched behind 
 bearing at each side three spines. Ductus bursae long, 
 cylindrical. Signum curved, scobinate. 
 
 Lipoptycha aeratana, Pierce & Metcalfe 4 1 
 J. PI. Threlfall, Col., F. G. Whittle. 
 
 Valva as wide as preceding species, but much more 
 constricted; emargination before sacculns wide and round: 
 cucullus folded, forming a flap. Anellus lobes large and 
 very strongly scobinate. 
 
 Ostium set in a thick chitinised ring, not arched behind; 
 ductus bursae much wider than preceding species. Signum 
 curved, scobinate. 
 
 Lipoptycha saturnalia, Gn. J. W. M. 3 2 
 
 Valva large, wide; emargination before sacculus wide and 
 rounded; cucuilus more ovate, not folded. Anellus lobes 
 large but weakly scobinate. 
 
 Ostium set in thick chitinous ring slightly raised behind 
 bearing at each side a single spine; ductus bursao wide. 
 Signum long, curved, scobinate. 
 
98 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 The full glossary is given in the volume of the 
 Geometridae. It has been expedient to use the following 
 additional terms : 
 
 Campanulate: bell-shaped. J.B.S. 
 Corniform: in the form of a cow's horn. J.B.S 
 
 Deciduous: shed, used in conjunction with the cornuti. 
 
 J.B.S 
 
 Fusiform: spindle shaped, tapered gradually to each < j nd 
 
 J.B.S 
 Pilleate: in the form of a Greek cap P. 
 
 Spiniform: in the form or shape of a spine. J.B.S. 
 
99 
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Whose support the Authors gratefully acknowledge. 
 Adkin, Eobert, F.E.S. (2 Copies). 
 
 Bergstedi, Dr. J. H., Stockholm. 
 
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 Burrows, Kev. C. E. N., F.E.S. 
 
 Busck, Dr. Augustus. 
 
 Cairo Ministry of Agriculture. 
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 Edlesten, H. Me. D., F.E.S. 
 Entomological Society of London. 
 
 Fernald, Prof. H. T. (3 Vols.) 
 
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 Fleming, G. 
 
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 Garnett, Theodore, M.A. 
 
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 Tin y ward, A. "R. (3 Vols.) 
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 Files. H. E. 
 
100 
 
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 Home, Arthur, F.E.S. 
 
 Imperial Entomogist, Pusa. India. 
 
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 Mansbridge, William, F.E.S. 
 
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 Mera, Arthur W. (3 Vols.) 
 
 Melvill, J. Cosmo, D.Sc., M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S. 
 
 Meyrick, Edward, B.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S 
 
 Midgley, Thomas. 
 
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 Newstead, Professor K., M.Sc., A.L.S., Hon. F.K.H.S., 
 
 F.E.S., F.K.S. 
 Nicholson, Charles, F.E.S. 
 Norton, F. (3 Vols.) 
 
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 Edward B. Poulton, D.Sc., F.E.S., &c. 
 
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