861 IRLF CO CD cr- CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY STUDY OUTLINE OF CALIFORNIA HISTORY By EUDORA GAROUTTE HEAD, CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT CALIFORNIA. STATE PRINTING OFFICE SACRAMENTO 1920 CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY STUDY OUTLINE OF CALIFORNIA HISTORY By EUDORA GAROUTTE HEAD, CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT < ALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE SACRAMENTO 1920 - .- MILTON J. FERGUSON, State Librarian Address all communications to the State Librarian Sacramento, California STUDY OUTLINE OF CALIFORNIA HISTORY.* By EUDORA GAROUTTE, Head California Department, California State Library. CONTENTS. FOREWORD. BEGINNINGS OF CALIFORNIA HISTORY. SPANISH OCCUPATION. 1769-1821. SPANISH INSTITUTIONS. FOREIGN AGGRESSION. MEXICAN REGIME. 1821-1846. -AMERICAN OCCUPATION. : 1846. GOLD ERA. STRUGGLE FOR ORDER. CALIFORNIA'S PART IN THE CIVIL WAR. TRANSPORTATION AND MAIL SERVICE. ORIENTAL MENACE. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 'Reprinted from News Notes of California Libraries, January, 1920. FOREWORD. In preparing the following study outline of California history, we have endeavored to give to the student a practical foundation for his work. It is not expected that he will confine himself to the references given, but by their use new avenues will be opened up which will lead him into many interesting by-paths of historical research. The outline is intended for popular use ; therefore, the references are arranged to meet the need of club women and other students who have to conserve time, and who wish to brighten their work by using historical fiction, poetry and magazine articles bearing upon the subject under consideration. The citations given refer to the editions mentioned in the bibliography following the Outline.* It has not seemed advisable to carry the study beyond 1880. The history of California from that date to the present time is not yet in available form. What has been written on this later period has to do more with development and conservation of natural resources and advancement along social, educational, literary and artistic lines. An outline covering the above subjects may be compiled at some future time. *The State Library has no fiction for circulation. The student will have to depend entirely upon local libraries for that service. CALIFORNIA HISTORY. I. Beginnings of California History. 1. INTRODUCTORY. a. California (poem), by Bayard Taylor. b. Origin of name. c. Indians as .seen by early explorers and colonists. d. Spanish background, Columbus, Balboa, Magellan. References : (a) Taylor, Bayard, Poetical works. (b) Davidson, George, Origin and meaning of the name California: Putnam, Ruth, California, the name ; Chapman, C. E., The name California, its origin and application, Grizzly Bear, Dec. 1919, p. 3. (c) Norton, H. K.. The story of California, p. 1-16; Bancroft, H. H., Native races, v. 1, p. 322-470 ; Boscano, Geronimo, Chingchinich, in Life in California by Alfred Robinson ; James, J. W., In and out of the old missions, p. 53-71 ; Expedition of 1769, Land of sunshine, v. 15:39-41; Angel, Myron, The painted rock of California (a legend ) . (d) Lummis, C. F., Spanish pioneers, p. 1742, 53-55, 71-72: The Pacific Ocean in history, Panama-Pacific Hist Cong. ; Irving, Washington, Life and voyages of Columbus. Works, v. 16, p. 20-25, 131-241, v. 18, p. 138-245; Miller, Joaquin, Columbus (poem), 2. DISCOVERY AND EARLY VOYAGES. 1535-1602. a. Cortez and California. 1535-1536. b. Cabrillo, discovery, services, death. 154-2. c. Drake and New Albion. 1579. d. Viscaino and Monterey. 1602. References : (a) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 1, p. 31-49; Miller, Joaquin, Before Cortez came (poem). (b) Bolton, H. E., Spanish exploration in the "Southwest, p. 1-39. (c) Fletcher, Francis, Drake on California coast, in Old South leaflets, v. 5: Noyes, Alfred, Drake an English epic, p. 188-92; Hittell, T. H., History of California, v. 1, p. 85-97 ; Harte, Bret, The mer- maid of Light House Point (fict.), in Under the Redwoods; Schef- fauer, Herman, Drake in California (poem), p. 17-22. (d) Bolton, H. E., Spanish exploration in the Southwest, p. 41-101; Richman, I. B., California under Spain and Mexico, p. 20-30; Voyage of Sebastian Vizcaino to California, Land of sunshine, v. 11 :342-46, v. 12 : II. Spanish Occupation. 1769-1821. CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS REDUCTION PLANNED. Fear of foreign aggression, see Sec. IV. a. ftalvez and Croix undertake work. 15. "Need for overland route. c. Portola expedition and discovery of San Francisco Bay, 1769. References : (a) Priestley, H. I., Jose de GalVez ; Chapman, C. E., Founding of Spanish California, p. 68-91. (b) Chapman, C. E., Founding of Spanish California, p. 92-129. (c) Eldredge, Z. S., The march of Portola; Smith, D. E., ed., Diary of Gaspar de Portola ; Costanso, Miguel, Narrative of the Portola expedition. 2. ANZA EXPEDITIONS, 1774-1776. a. First. b. Second. c. Founding of San Francisco, 1776. References : (a) Chapman, C. E., Founding of Spanish California, p. 273-300. (b) Font, Pedro, The Anza Expedition; Eldredge, Z. S., The beginnings of San Francisco, v. 1, p. 55151 ; Chapman, C. E., Founding of Spanish California, p. 337-367. (c) Eldredge, Z. S., The beginnings of San Francisco; Moses, Bernard, The old regime of San Francisco, Overland, n.s. v. 7 :195-205 ; McLafferty, J. H., The city loved around the world (poem), in Army of Days, p. 58. HI. Spanish Institutions. 1. MISSION SYSTEM. 1769-1823. a. Life of Junipera Serra. b. Founding of the missions. c. Industries, wealth, daily routine. d. Pious fund. e. Romances of mission days. Secularization, see Sec. V. References : (a) Fitch, A. H., Junipera Serra, the man and Iris work; Williams, Michael, The founder of California, Sunset, v. 31:947-54; Heath, S. R., The padre's little caretaker (net.) ; Urmy, Clarence, Padre Junipera Serra (poem), Sunset v. 13:157. (b) Bolton, H. E., The mission as a frontier institution; All books on mission^ available ; Trumbell, Rose, The Spanish missions (poem), OveVland, n.s. v. 62 :459. (c) Engelhardt, C. A., Missions and missionaries of California, v. 2, p. 235-36, 253-56, 259-63 ; Rich-man, I. B., California under Spain and Mexico, p. 335-37; Norton, H. K., Story of California, p. 87- 102 ; Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 2, p. 81-132. (d) Doyle, John, History of the pious fund, Papers of the California Hist. Soc. v. 1, pt. 1, p. 41-^60; Penfield, W. L., Pious fund of the Californias, No. Amer. Rev. v. 175,. p. 835^3. (e) Atherton, Gertrude, The bells of San Gabriel, in Splendid Idle Forties, p. 371-78; Sieghold, K. P., Old mission talcs; Miller, E. G., Romances of California mission days; Forbes, H. R., Mission tales in the days of the Dons ; Foster, C. H., Little stories of yesterday. 2. PRESIDIOS, PUEBLOS, RANCHOS. a. Presidios and pueblos. b. Ranchos. References : (a) Bancroft, H. H., California pastoral, p. 248-56, 294-304, 383-84, 353-54 ; Richman, I. B., California under Spain and Mexico, p. 338-46 ; Shinn, C. H., Mining camps, p. 72-104 ; Blackmar, F. W., Spanish institutions of the Southwest, p. 192-215; Harte, Bret, The eye of the commander (fict.), in California Scrap Book, O. T. Shuck, p. 89. (b) Richman. I. B., California under Spain and Mexico, p. 346-57; Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 2, p. 465-70. IV. Foreign Aggression. 1. RUSSIA GAINS FOOTHOLD. a. In the Northwest. b. Rezanoff r visit of. 1806. c. Bodego and Fort Ross. 1812-1841. d. Withdrawal. References : (a) Chapman, C. E.. Founding of Spanish California, p. 173-78 ; Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 2, p. 137-^3; Schafer, Joseph, A history of the Pacific Northwest. (b) Langsdorff, G. H., Voyages, pt. 2, p. 150-217; Rich man, I. B., Cali- fornia under Spain and Mexico, p. 191-200 ; Atherton, Gertrude, Rezanov (fict.) ; Atherton, Gertrude, Concha Arguello, in Spinner's book of fiction, p. 1-23 ; Harte, Bret, Conception de Arguello (poem). (c) Thompson, R. A., The Russian settlement; Bancroft, H. H., History of California, v. 2, p. 294-320, 628-52; Atherton, Gertrude, Natalie Ivanhoff, in Splendid Idle Forties, p. 341-55; Atherton, Gertrude, The romance of Fort Ross, Calif ornian, v. 5 : 57-62. (d) Bancroft, H. H., History of California, v. 4, p. 158-90; Thompson, R. A., Russian settlement. -. OTHER POWERS. a. England active. b. French in the Pacific. c. American traders, and sentiment for annexation. References : (a) Chapman, C. E.. Founding of Spanish California, p. 178; The Pacific Ocean in history. Panama-Pacific Hist. Cong. p. 331-^48 ; Schafer, Joseph. A history of the Pacific Northwest. (b) Eyer, Marguerite. French expansion into the Pacific, Hist. Soc. Southern California publication, 1918. (c) Bancroft. H. H., History of California, v. 2. ch. 13. v. 3, ch. 5; Cleland. R. G.. Early sentiment for annexation : Goodwin, Cardinal, Establishment of state government, p. 1-12 ; Itichman, I. B., Cali- fornia under Spain and Mexico, p. 299-305. V. Mexican Regime. 1821-1846. 1. MEXICO ASSUMES CONTROL. a. Changes in government. b. Secularization of missions. c. Social life and customs. References : (a) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 2, p. 171-246, 339-475; Davis, W. H., Sixty years in California, p. 108-7. (b) Richman, I. B., California under Spain and Mexico, p. 228-91; All mission books available. (c) Dana, R. H., T\yo years before the mat : Bancroft, H. H., California pastoral, p. 273-93, 305 ; Davis, W. H., Sixty years in California, p. 74-102; Atherton, Gertrude, Doomswoman (net.) ; Ellerbe, R. L., Tales of California yesterdays (fict.) ; Austin, M. H., Isidro (fict.) ; Taylor, Bayard, The fight on Paso del Mar (poem) ; Cheney, J. V., A dance in old San. Diego (poem), in At the silver gate, p. r>7. 2. OUTSIDERS COMING IN. a. Jedediah Smith, John Pattie and others. b. John A. Sutter and New Helvetia. c. Early emigrant trains. d. Bear flag revolution. References : (a) Dale, H. C., Ashley-Smith explorations ; Pattie's personal narrative, in Early western travels, R. G. Thwaites, v. 18 ; Headley, J. T., The first overland trip to California, Harper's Magazine, v. 21 :80-93. (b) Schoonover, T. J., Life and times of John' A. Sutter; Rice, W. S., Last days of General John A. Sutter, Out West, v. 17 :441-45. (c) Bidwell, John, First emigrant train, in Life of General John Bidwell. C. C. Royce, p. 8-37; McGlashan, C. F., History of the Donner party ; North, Arthur, The cut off, Sunset, v. 35 ;1095-1104. (d) Royce, Josiah, California, p. 48-150; Bancroft, H. H., History of California, v. 5, p. 101-90; Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 3, p. 3-60 ; Simpson, William, Fremont and the bear flag, Suns-et, v. 25:283-92; Bidwell, John, The bear flag, Overland, n.s. v. 25 : 506-13. VI. American Occupation. 1846. 1. MEXICAN WAR GIVES UNITED STATES CONTROL. a. Conquest. b. Military government established. References : (a) Jones, W. C., The first phase of the conquest, in California Hist. Soc. papers, v. 1, pt. 1, p. 61-94 ; Thomas, D. Y., A history of military government, in Studies in history, economics, etc., Columbia Univ. v. 20, p. 159-217; Bruce, H. A., The romance of American expan- sion, Outlook, v. 89:457-67; Mighels, E. S., The maid of Monterey (song), in Literary California, p. 195; Cooney, Percival, Dons of the old pueblo (fict.). (b) Goodwin Cardinal, Establishment of state government, p. 18-70; Thomas, D. Y., A history of military government, in Studies in history, economics, etc., Columbia Univ. v. 20, p. 218-75. 2. DISCOVERY OF GOLD. a. Early discoveries. b. Marshall's discovery, 1848. References : (a) Hittell, T. H., History of California, v. 2, p. 311-13; Dunbar, E. E.. The romance of the age, p. 92-103; Bancroft, H. H., California Inter pocula, p. 25-61. (b) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 3, p. 169-98 ; Hittell, J. S., Discovery of gold in California, Century, v. 41 :525-36. VII. Gold Era. 1. GREAT MIGRATION. a. Overland. b. By sea. * c. Character of argonauts. * References : (a) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 3, p. 217-64; Royce, Josiah, California, p. 240-^6; Bancroft, H7 H., California Inter pocula, p. S9-93/ 109-20. (b) Eldredge. Z. S., History of California, v. 3, p. 201-17 ; Bancroft, H. H., California Inter pocula, p. 121-224. (c) White, S. E., The forty-niners; Royce, Josiah, California, p. 225-46; Bancroft, H. H., California Inter pocula,, p. 361-95 ; White, S. E/, Gold (fict.) ; Belasco, David, Girl of the golden west, (fict.) ; Harte, Bret, Tennessee's pardner, Luck of Roaring Camp, How Santa Claus came to Simpson's Bar; Daggett, R. M., My New Year's guests (poem), in Literary California, E. S. Mighels, p. 34; Hunt, R. D., Character of pioneers, Overland, n.s. v. 61 :395-99. 2. INTENSE ACTIVITY jfr '49 AND 'SO/**** Jr a. In the mines. b. In San Francisco. References : (a) Shinn. C. H., Mining Camps, p. 132-49; Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 3, p. 314-63 ; Canfield, C. L./The city of six (fict.). (b) Soule, Frank, Annals of San Francisco ;. Palmer, J. W., Pioneer days in San Francisco, Century, v. 43 :541-60. 3. CONFLICTING LAND CLAIMS. a. Spanish and Mexican grants. b. Land titles under changed conditions. References : (a) Hittell, T. H., History of California, v. 2, p. 746-55. (b) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 5, p. 141-60; Royce, Josiah, California, p. 46l-99 ; Bower. B. M.. pseud., The Gringos (fict.). VIII. Struggle for Order. 1849-1856. 1. GOVERNMENT AND LEGISLATIVE ACTION. a. First constitutional convention. 1849. b. Admission and first legislature. c. Changes in State Capitals. References : (a) Hunt, R. D., Genesis of California's first constitution; Goodwin, Cardinal, Establishment of state government, p. 71-243 ; Shuck, O. T., Signing of first constitution, in California scrap book, p. 67. (b) Goodwin, Cardinal, Establishment of state government, p. 247-342; Fitch, G. H., How California came into the union, Century, v. 40 : 775-92. (c) History of the seat of state government, in California blue book, 1907, p. 677-97. 2. IN THE MINES. a. Miners their own law. b. War against foreigners. c. Scenes and incidents. References : (a) Royce, Josiah. California, p. 271-356; Shirin, C. H., Mining camps, p. 105-211. (b) Royce, Josiah, California, p. 356-74; Shinn, C. H., Mining camps, p. 212-18; Park, C.. C., A plaything of the gods (fict.). (c) Royce, Josiah, California, p. 325-44; Bancroft, H. H., Popular tribunals, v. 1, p. 142-57. 3. IN SAN FRANCISCO. a. The hounds. 1849. b. Vigilance committee, 1851. c. Vigilance committee, 1856. References : (a) Soule, Frank, Annals of San Francisco, p. 553-01; Bancroft, H. H., Popular tribunals, v. 1, p. 76-87. (b) Garnett, Porter, ed., Papers of the San Francisco committee of vigi- lance, 1851 ; Soule, Frank, Annals of San Francisco, p. 562-87. (c) Bancroft, H. H., Popular tribunals, v. 2; Coleman, W. T., Vigilance committee, Century, v. 43:133-50; White, S. E., The gray dawn (fict). IX. California's Part in the Civil War. 1. POLITICAL EVENTS LEADING UP To. a. Political situation during the 50 's. b. Broderick-Terry duel. c. Activities of secessionists. References : (a) Lynch, Jeremiah, A senator of the fifties ; Kennedy. E. R., The contest for California. 10 (b) Lynch, Jeremiah. A senator of the fifties; Baker, E. D., Masterpieces. (Eloquence of the far west, no. 1.) ed. O. T. Shuck, p. 67-85. (c) Earl, J. J., Sentiment of the people of California ; Ilarpending, Asbury, The great diamond hoax, p. 25-88; Simonds, W.'D., Starr King in California, p. 19-65; Dustin, C. M., The Knights of the golden circle, Pacific Monthly, v. 26:495-504. 2. SERVICE TO GOVERNMENT. a. Soldiers and civilians. b. Financial assistance. References : (a) Eldredge, Z. S., California regiments in the Ch'il War, History of California, v. 4, p. 206-13; Orton, Richard, Record of California men in the war of the rebellion ; Simonds, W. D., Star King in California ; Carlson, Edward, The martial experiences of the Cali- fornia volunteers, Overland, n.s. v. 7 :480-96 ; Harte, Bret, The reveille (poem). (b) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 4, p. 213-19. X. Transportation and Mail Service. 1. BEFORE RAILROADS. a. Spanish and Mexican methods. b. Stages, .pony express, camels, etc. c. Water routes. References : (a) Colton. Walter, Three years in California, p. 42, 151-2; Bancroft, II. H., California pastoral, p. 442-44; Davis, W H., Sixty years in California, p. 74-77, 283-84; Atherton, Gertrude, Wash tub mail (fict.), in Splendid Idle Forties, p. 131-56. (b) Root, F. A., Overland stage to California; Bancroft, H. H., Chronicle of the builders, v. 5; Bonsai, Stephen, Edward F. Beale, p. 198-210; Goodwin, C. C., As I remember them, p. 223-30; Cleland, R. G., Transportation in California before railroads, in Hist. Soc. Southern California publications, 1918, p. 60-7; Coy, O. C., Pony express antedated, Grizzly Bear, Feb. 1917, p. 4-; Rogers, R. C., The moun- tain stage (poem,, in My Rosary, p. 116. (c) Bancroft, H. H., Chronicle of the builders, v. 5, p. 359. 2. RAILROADS. a. Early projects. b. Central PacLic. c. Southern Pacific. References : ^f> (a) Bancroft, H. H., History of California, v. 7, p. 5;:4-42. (b) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 4, p. 255-304 ; Irvine, L. H., History of the new California, v. 1, p. 155-82 ; Carr, S. P., The iron way ( fict. ) . (c) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 4, p. 402-9 ; Xorris, Frank, The octopus (fict). 11 XI. Oriental Menace. CHINESE IN CALIFORNIA. a. Early reception, occupations, characteristics. b. Kearney and Kearneyism. c. Immigration restrictions. d. New constitution. References : (a) Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 4, p. 307-21 ; Coolidge, M. R.. Chinese immigration, p. 13-25; Fernald, C. B., The cat and the che'rub (fict.) ; Harte, Bret, The heathen Chinee (poem). (b) Bancroft, H. H., Chronicle of the builders, v. 1, p. 357-79; Eldredge, Z. S., History of California, v. 4, p. 322-28; Andrews, E. B., Chinese question, Scribners, v. IS :486-94 ; Walcott, E. A., The apple of discord (fict.). (c) Coolidge, M. R., Chinese immigration; Eaves, Lucile, History of California labor legislation, p. 105-96. (d) Hittell, T. H., History of California, v. 4, p. 615-40. . BIBLIOGRAPHY. ANGEL, Myron. La piedra pintada : The painted rock. Los Angeles, Grafton pub. co., 1910. ATHERTON, Gertrude. Doomswoman. N. Y., Continental pub. co., 1901. ATHERTON, Gertrude. Rezanov. N. Y., Authors and news- papers association, 1906. ATHERTON, Gertrude. The splendid idle forties. 1C Y., Mac- millan, 1902. AUSTIN, Mary Hunter. Isidro. Boston, Hough ton, Mifflin 1905. BAKER, Edward Dickinson. Masterpieces. San Francisco, O. T. Shuck, 1899. (Eloquence of the far west, no. 1.) BANCROFT, Hubert Howe. The works of H. H. Bancroft. San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft, 1882-90. BANCROFT, Hubert Howe. California inter pocula. (Bancroft, H. H. Works v. 35.) BANCROFT, Hubert Howe. California pastoral. (Bancroft, H. H. Works, v. 34.) BANCROFT, Hubert Howe. Chronicles of the builders. San Fran- cisco, History co., 1891-92. 7v. 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Stokes, 1911. CLELAND, Robert Glass. < The early sentiment for the annexa- tion of Califorr' , Austin, Texas, Texas state historical association, 1915. COLTOX, Walter. Three years in California. N. Y., A. S. Barnes and co., 1850. COOLIDGE. Mary Roberts. Chinese immigration. X. Y.. II. Holt and co., 1909. COO.NKY. Percival John. The Dons of the old pueblo. Chicago, Hand. MoXally. 1914. COSTAXSO, Miguel. The narrative of the Portola expedi- tion. Berkeley, Cal., University of California, 1910. (Publications of the Academy of Pacific coast history, v.l no.4.) DALE, Harrison Clifford. The Ashley-Smith explorations. Cleve- land. A. H. Clark, 1918. DANA. Richard Henry. Two years before the mast. X. Y.. Macmillan, 1911. DAVIDSON, George. The origin and meaning of the name California. San Francisco, F. F. Part- ridge, 1910. DAVIS, William Heath. Sixty years in California. San Fran- cisco, A. J. Leary, 1889. DUNBAR, Edward E. Romance of Lhe age. N. Y., D. Apple- ton. 1S<>7. EARLE. John Jewett. 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FLETCHER, Francis. Sir Francis Drake on the California coast, from "The world encompassed by Sir Francis Drake." 1808. (In Old south leaflets, general series, v.5, no. 110. Boston, 1901.) FONT, Pedro. The Anza expedition,- ed. by Frederick J. Teggart. Berkeley, University of California, 1913. FORBES. Harrie Rebecca Piper. Mission tales in the days of the dons. Chicago, McClurg, 1909. FOSTER, Mrs Caroline Holcomb. Little stories of yesterday. Los An- geles, Arroyo press, 1906. GARXETT, Porter, ed. Papers of the San Francisco vigilance committee of 1851. Berkeley, Univer- sity of California, 1910. GOODWIN. Cardinal. The establishment of state govern- ment in California. N. Y., Macmillan, 1914. GOODWIN, Charles Carroll. As I remember them. Salt Lake City, Salt Lake commercial club, 1913. HARPEXDING. Asbury. The great diamond hoax. San Fran- cisco, J. H. Barry co., 1913. HARTE. Bret. Writings of Bret Harte. Boston. Houghton. Mifflin and co., c!870-1903. 19v. HEATH, Sarah Ritchie. 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