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T OF THE INTERIOR,
U. S. GEOlflpICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES.
F. V. HAYDEN, U. S. GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE.
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS No. 4.
SYNOPSIS
OF THE
FLOEA OF COLOEADO,
BY
TEEO1MA.S C. PORTER
AND
Mi. COULTER.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE.
March 20, 1874.
PREFATORY NOTE.
The "Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado," which the survey now pre-
sents to the public, has been prepared by Prof. Thomas C. Porter, of
Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, and Mr. John M. Coulter, one
of the assistants connected with the survey for the past two years. It
is intended to be a type of a series of "handbooks 7 ' of different branches
of natural history, to be published from time to time as a part of the
series of " Miscellaneous Publications," for the use of students all over
the country. 2fo. 3 of the series is now passing through the press, and
has been prepared by the eminent ornithologist, Dr. E. Cones, U. S. A.
It will form an octavo volume of several hundred pages, bringing the
whole subject of western ornitholgy up to date. The mountain regions
of Colorado are now so accessible to the traveling public, that this
synopsis will prove a most valuable aid to students, and travelers who
can, are annually visiting Colorado in great numbers. Indeed, the moun-
tainous portions more nearly resemble the Alpine districts of Central
Europe, not only in the scenery, but also in the different forms of veg-
etation. The tide of travel is fast turning in this direction, and the
demand for works ot this kind will necessarily be very great. It should
be stated here, that the obligations of the survey to Professor Porter,
for his share in the work, are very much increased from the fact that he
occupied several months in its preparation without compensation from
the Government.
F. V. HAYDEX,
United States Geologist.
OFFICE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL
SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, January 14, 1874.
LETTER TO THE GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE,
LAFAYETTE COLLEGE,
Easton, P#., January 15, 1874.
SIR: In lieu of a simple list of the plants obtained in Colorado during
the explorations of last summer, I have the honor to present YOU here-
with a condensed Synopsis of the Flora of the Territory, prepared in con-
junction with Prof. John M. Coulter of the Survey.
The work is based chiefly on collections made, in 1861 and succeeding
years, by Dr. C. C. Parry, whose indefatigable labors have added so
much to our knowledge of the flora of the region; in 1862, by Messrs.
Hall and Harbour; in 1867, by Dr. W. A. Bell, of Manitou Springs; in
1868, by Dr. F. Y. Hayden; in 1869, by B. H. Smith, Esq., of Denver;
in 1871, by Dr. George Smith and W. M. Canby, Esq.; in 1871 and 1873,
by Messrs. Meehan and Hooper; in 1872, by J. H. Eedfield, Esq.; in
1872 and 1873, by T. S. Brandegee, Esq., of Canon City, Kev. E. L.
Greene, of Pueblo, and T. C. Porter; and in 1873, by J. M. Coulter.
The plan followed in the Synopsis is that of Mr. Watson in his excel-
lent Catalogue, volume Y of Clarence King's Eeport. Descriptions are
given of all the orders, genera, and species not contained in Gray's
Manual, Chapman's Flora, and other botanies of the States east of the
Mississippi River.
For the elaboration of the Musci and Hepaticoe we are greatly indebted
to Leo Lesquereux, Esq., of Columbus, Ohio; of the Lichens, to Henry
Willey, Esq., of Arnherst, Mass.; and of the Fungi, to Charles H. Peck,
Esq., of Albany, IT. Y.
Thanks are due also to Dr. Gray and S. Watson, Esq., of Cambridge,
Mass., and Dr. George Thurber, of STew York City, for kindly assistance
in the determination of difficult and doubtful species; and to J. H. Red-
field, esq., of Philadelphia, for valuable services rendered.
To Mr. Brandegee, for his large and fine collections from the southern
part of the Territory, and to the Rev. E. L. Greene, for lists and speci-
mens of rare species, we are under special obligations.
References to the authorities consulted and used are to be found at
the proper places in the body of the work.
I regret that circumstances have prevented the completion of an intro-
ductory article on the geographical distribution of the plants embraced
in this synopsis.
THOS. C. PORTER.
Dr. F. Y. HAYDEN, U. S. Geologist.
ADDITIONS.
After ASTRAGALUS KEXTROPHYTA, Gray, page 30, insert
ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS, Watson, King's Sep., vol. 5, p. 76, pi. 13. Perennial, dwarf'
caeopitose, canescent, with a silky pubescence; stems 2 // -6 // long, numerous and
branched, from a much-branched caudex, procumbent ; stipules membranous, mostly
acuminate, sheathing ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, 2"-3" long, linear, acute ; peduncles slender,
about equaling the leaves, 1-3-flowered ; flowers small, 2"-3 // long, ochroleucons, the
keel purplish ; calyx-teeth as long as the campanulate tube ; legume 2"-3 // long, char-
taceous, sessile, compressed, pubescent, ovate, oblong, straight, erect, 1-celled, 6-ovuled,
1-2-seeded.
Var. ? IMPLEXUS, \V. M. Canby. Leaflets in 2 pairs, crowded on the stems ; stipules
tipped with a short straight point ; flowers violet, the keel deep purple ; legumes
mostly smaller, l"-2" long, turgid, ovate, obtuse, 3-4-ovnled, 1- (rarely 2-) seeded.
South Park, Canby; Hoopes ; Porter.
After ZYGADENUS XUTTALLII, Gray, p. 133, insert
VERATRUM ALBUM, L. Middle Park, Pawy.
CORRECTIONS.
Page 5. For " BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM," put " B. AQUIFOLIUM."
19. For " EHUS TOXICODEXDROX," put " RHUS TOXICODEXDRON."
32. For "A. Lathyrw," (ninth line from bottom,) put "A Lathyrus."
42. For " KIBES FLORIDUM, L'Her.," put "KIBES FLORIDUM, L."
46. For " CE. Xiittallii, T. & G.," (sixth line from top,) put " (E. Nuttallii, Torr."
50. For " 0. brevistyla," (eighth line from top,) put " O. brevistylis."
63. For " SOLID AGO LAXCEOLATA, T. & G.," put " SOLIDAGO LAXCEOLATA, L."
70. For " HELIOPSIS LAEVIS, Pursh," put " HELIOPSIS LAEVIS, Pers."
94. For "MIMULUS FLORIBUXDUS, Gr.,"put "MIMULUS FLORIBUXDUS, Dougl."
94. For "DC. Prod. 10, p. 1, 331," (sixth line from bottom,) put "DC. Prod. 10,
p. 331."
114. For " ACERTES DECUMBEXS," put " ACERATES DECUMBEXS."
118. For "Dumont," after SU.EDA MARITIMA, put "Dumort."
124. For " SHEPHERDIA CAXADEXSIS, L v " put " SHEPHERDIA C AXADEXSIS, Nutt."
127. For " HUMULUS LUPULUS," put " H. LUPULUS."
130. For"Pixus ARISTATA, Engelm, DC. Prod., 7. c., p. 400," put " Pixus BAL-
FOURIAXA, Murr., (P. aristata, Engelm.")
136. For " MOXTAXUS," (third line from the top,) put " MOXTAXUS."
140. For "var. MINOR, Olney," put "var MINOR, Boott."
157. For " ORTHOTRICHUM HALLII, Sully. & Lesqx.," put " O. HALLU, Sull. &
Lesqx."
160. For "var. S. alpinum," (ninth line from top,) put "var. J. alpinum."
161. For "ENGYRIWM," (first line at top,) put "EUGYRIUM."
161. For " CTEIDIUM," (thirteenth line from bottom,) put " CTEINIDIUM."
163. For " EXDOCOCEUS," put " EXDOCOCCUS."
163. For " AGARICUS LACCATUS, Scap.," put A. LACCATUS, Scop."
164. For " LEXZITES SEPIRIA," put " L. SEPIARIA."
164. For "PuccixiA PORTERI," put "P. PORTERI."
164. For " Pec.," after PEZIZA VULCAXALIS, put " Peck."
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
RANUNCUL.ACEJE.
CLEMATIS DOUGLASTI, Hook. Stem simple, erect, l-2 high,
1 -flowered, sparingly hairy, woolly at the joints; leaves hairy, 2-3 pin-
natifid; sepals thick, deep purple within, paler externally, spreading at
tbe apex, much longer than the stamens. Common in the mountains at
middle elevations. Hall & Harbour, 2; Dr. Smith; Meehan; Porter;
Coulter.
CLEMATIS SCOTTIT, Porter (n. sp.) More or less villous, with soft,
spreading hairs; bushy, branching from a suffrutescent base, branches
erect, 9'-18', not climbing; leaves opposite on rather long petioles, pin-
nate; leaflets five pairs, ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, petiolu-
late, strongly veined beneath, lower ones often 2-3 cleft; flowers axillary
and terminal, nodding, peduncles 3'-6'; sepals 4, ovate, with reflexed
summits nearly 1' long, dark or brownish purple, thickish but not
leathery as in C. Viorna, more or less tomentose on the outside; carpels
silky pubescent, with densely plumose tails I'-IJ' in length. Named for
Hon. John Scott, who collected it in 1872, at Soda Springs, 35 miles
w^est of Canon City. Brandegee, Fremont County, in fruit. Redfield.
CLEMATIS LIGKJSTICIFOLIA, Nutt. Climbing, somewhat pubescent,
flowers white, in paniculate corymbs, direcious ; leaves pinnate and ter-
nate, (mostly 5-foliolate,) the coriaceous leaflets oblong, acute, mostly
somewhat lanceolate-cuiieate, incisely toothed and tritid; petals and
stamens equal in length ; carpels with long plumose tails. Common along
water-courses, at the base of the foot-hills, and ascending the ravines,
climbing over bushes.and producing a great abundance of white flowers.
Hall & Harbour, 3; Dr. Smith; Porter ; Redfield.
CLEMATIS ALPINA, Mill., var. OCHOTENSIS, Gr. DC. Prod., 1, p. 10.
Leaves biternately divided, segments ovate or oblong lanceolate, acu-
minate, frequently three-lobed, irregularly toothed ; sepals 4, lance-ovate
purplish blue; antheriferous petals linear. A trailing, woody-stemmed
plant, 6' high, nearly glabrous; carpels glabrous; tails !' long, very
finely plumose. Georgetown, Dr. Smith. Chiaun Canon, Porter. Clear
Creek Canon, at 9,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
THALICTRTJM ALPINUM, L. Stem simple, 2'-8' high, slightly pubes-
cent, scapiform; leaves mostly radical, 2-3 ternate; leaflets roundish,
about y long, somewhat lobed, crenately toothed; flowers perfect, nod-
ding in a simple raceme; pedicels slender; sepals 4, oblong; stigmas
thick and pubescent; carpels ovate, sessile. In damp, mossy ground,
at 9 to 10,000 feet altitude, rare. Hall & Harbour, 10. Cache Creek, near
Gi anite, Porter.
THALICTRTJM PURPTJRASCENS, L. Anthers rather shorter than in
eastern specimens. Canon City and Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Foot-hills along the Platte Eiver, June 28, Coulter. In flower.
THALICTRTJM SPARSIFLORUM, Turcz. (T. clamtum, Hook., not of
DC.) l-2 high; panicle loosely few flowered, long-pediceled, flowers
1 F c
v ixiv
OF COLORADO.
perfect; filaments clavate; antbers elliptical, pointless; ovaries 8-10;
carpels compressed, dimidiate, not striate, thrice shorter than the per-
sistent style ; upper leaves sessile, 2-3 ternate, leaflets often small.
Subalpine. Hall & Harbour, 9; Parry, 1872.
THALICTRUM FENDLERI, Eng. Plant. FendL, p. 5. Dioecious, glabrous ;
leaves petioled, or the uppermost sessile ; leaflets round-cordate, 3-lobed ;
filaments scarcely thickened at the apex; anthers long nmcronate ;
carpels sessile, obliquely ovate, compressed, sharp-edged, with 4-G
strong lateral ribs, three times longer than the recurved style. In
other respects like T. Cornuti. Common in the mountains at middle ele-
vations. Hall & Harbour, 8; Dr. Smith; Canby; Brandegee; Parry;
Porter; Coulter. On Mount Elbert, near Twin Lakes, at 12,000 feet
altitude.
ANEMONE PATENS L., var. NUTTALLIANA, Gr. On the plains and
extending up into the mountains. Hall & Harbour, 4; B. H. Smith;
Meehan; Parry ; Porter ; Coulter. Gray's Peak, at 12,000 feet altitude
Redfield,
ANEMONE CAROLINIANA, Walt. Hall & Harbour, 6. On the plains.
ANEMONE PARVIFLORA, Michx. Near Mount Lincoln, July 15,
Coulter.
ANEMONE MULTIFIDA, DC. Found in the mountains at middle eleva-
tions and upward. Hall & Harbour, 5; B. H. Smith; Porter; Parry;
Coulter.
ANEMONE CYLINDRICA, Gr. Green Horn Mountains, June, 1873,
Brandegee. Idaho Springs, Redfield.
ANEMONE PENNSYLVANIA, L. Common in the foot-hills. Dr. Smith;
B. H. Smith; Meehan; Brandegee; Coulter. Colorado Springs, Redfield.
ANEMONE NARCISSIFLORA, L. Villous, leaves palmately 3-5 parted,
segments cuneiform, incisely many-cleft, lobes linear, acute ; involucre
somewhat similar, sessile, leaflets 3-5 cleft; pedicels several, um-
beled, leafless, 1-flowered ; flowers white ; carpels without tails, much
compressed, roundish oval, glabrous. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 1 ;
Mount Lincoln at 13,500 feet altitude, July 9, Coulter.
MYOSURTJS MINIMUS, L. South Park, Hall & Harbour, 20.
EANUNCULUS AQUATILIS, L., var. TRIOHOPHYLLUS, Chaix. Common
in stagnant or slow-flowing waters in the foot-hills. Brandegee; Coulter.
Var. sTAGrNATiLis, DC. (R. divaricatus, Sehrank.) Ponds and slow
streams at middle elevations. Dr. Smith; Brandegee; Coulter.
RANUNCULUS ALISM^EFOLIUS, Geyer, var. MONTANUS, Watson.
Low, 6' high, alpine, stems ascending, leaves entire ; carpels rather
shorter-beaked than usual in the species. Parry 79 ; Yasey 15. Sierra
Madre Range, Coulter.
RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA, L., var. REPTANS, Gr. Hall & Harbour, IS.
RANUNCULUS GLABERRIMUS, Hook. Very glabrous ; stems 1 (some-
times 2) from a root of thickened fasciculated fibers, few-flowered,
S'-S'high; radical leaves elliptical, variable in breadth, tapering into
long, slender petioles, mostly entire, rarely cleft, cauline leaves sessile,
usually 2-3 cleft ; peduncles 1-flowered, those of the axils elongated
and divaricate ; flowers 6" broad ; petals obovate, twice as long as the
sepals ; heads of carpels globose ; achenia with a short curved beak,
puberulent, resembling those of R. affinis. This seems to be the plant
referred to by Dr. Gray in his Enumeration of Hall and Harbour's col-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 3
lection in the note attached to Ko. 19. Kear Long's Peak, June 1, at
9,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
RANUNCULUS CYMBALARIA, Pursh. Common in marshy 'ground
on the plains and in the mountains. Hall & Harbour, 11 ; Dr. Smith ;
B. H Smith ; Porter ; Brandegee ; Coulter.
EANUNCULUS AFFINIS, E. Br. Radical leaves petioled, usually
pedately multitid ; cauline ones subsessile, digitate, with broadly linear
lobes : stem erect, few-flowered ; carpels with recurved beaks in oblong
cylindrical heads, more or less pubescent throughout. Yar. LEIOCARPUS,
Trautv. Lower leaves usually lobed or crenate ; from 8 / -12 / high ;
flowers small ; carpels smooth or somewhat pubescent. Hall & Harbour,
15; Vasey, 13; B. H Smith; Porter; Coulter.
Yar. CARDIOPHYLLUS, Gr. (JR. cardiophyllus, Hook.) Hirsutely pubes-
cent, radical leaves round-cordate, undivided or many cleft ; cauline
ones palmately many-cleft ; flower V in diameter. Hall & Harbour, 16.
EANUNCULUS KUTTALLII, Gr. (Cyrtorrhynca ranunculina, Xutt. Fl. N.
A w.l, p. 26.) Gra, y's En. Hall & Harbo ur, p. 56. Note. Smooth, 6'-8' high ;
root fascicled ; radical leaves biternately divided, segments 3-5 parted,
lobes oblong or linear, sometimes 2-3 cleft ; branches subtended by a
small leaf, few-flowered ; petals spatulate, yellow, a little longer than
the broader sepals, which are also yellow, thickened above the base - f
style long, slender, incurved ; carpels rather few, collected into a globose
head, glabrous, cylindrical-oblong, grooved, many-nerved ; stigma sub-
ulate. JQTrt/f & Harbour, 13. Near Long's Peak, June 1, at 9,000 feefc
altitude, Coulter.
EANUNCULUS SCELERATUS, L. Platte Eiver, Hall. Cherry Creek f
Dr. Smith. Bear Creek Caiion, Coulter.
EANUNCULUS MULTEFIDUS, Pursh., var. REPENS, Hook. Creeping;
leaves all round-reuiforin, palmately 3-5 cleft. Wilson's Creek, July,.
Brandegee.
EANUNCULUS HYPERBOREUS, Eottb., var. NATANS, C. A. Meyer. Stem
filiform, creeping; leaves glabrous, petioled, 3 cleft; lobes oval-oblong,
divaricate, the lateral ones somewhat 2 cleft, middle one entire; sheaths
bi-auriculate at base; heads of carpels globose, compact; style want-
ing. Much resembles forms of the preceding, but distinguished by the
absence of styles. In swamps at middle elevations. Hall & Harbour,
12. Clear Creek, Coulter.
EANUNCULUS PYGM^US, Wahl. Stem erect, never creeping, l'-2'
high, 1-flowered; leaves glabrous, 3-5 cleft; radical ones petioled, cau-
line ones sessile; calyx glabrous, longer than the somewhat reflexed pet-
als ; heads oblong; carpels subglobose, not margined at the back, pointed
with a short hooked style. Mount Evans, on dry ground, at 13,000 feet
altitude, Greene.
EANUNCULUS NIVALIS, E. Br., var. ESCHSCHOLTZII, Watson. (R.
Eschscholtzu. Schlecht.) Radical leaves 3-parted, the divisions lobed,
ciliate ; stem about 1-flowered ; calyx hirsute, with whitish hairs, shorter
than the petals; style shorter than the achenia. Hall & Harbour, 14;
Vasey, 17 ; Parry.
EANUNCULUS ADONEUS, Gr. Gray's En. PL Hall & Harbour, p. 17.
Xote. Low, sparsely villous, becoming glabrous; root fasciculate, fibrous;
stems branching from the base, 1-3 leaved above, sometimes erect, very
simple, 1-flowered, but sometimes sarmentose-decumbent, and 2-3 flow-
ered; leaves twice pedately parted, segments narrowly linear; petioles
scarious, base dilated; peduncle short; corolla guldens-yellow, often ex-
4 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ceeding I 7 in diameter; petals flabelliform, twice exceeding the sub-villous
oval sepals ; basilar scale small, adnate ; acbenia crowded in an oval
head, smooth, turgid ; beak rather long, ensiform, scariotis-winged on
each side. In the high alpine region, close to the snow, Hall & Harbour,
17 ; Parry. Chicago Lakes at 12,000 feet altitude, June, Coulter. Gray's
Peak, 13,000 feet, Redfield.
BANUNCULUS REPENS, L. Meehan ; Greene; Porter.
KANUNCULUS PENNSYLVANICUS, L. Platte Kiver near Denver, Dr.
Smith. Wet Mountain Valley, Redfield.
CALTHA LEPTOSEPALA, DC. Stem 1-leaved or naked, mostly 1-
flowered, erect, 3'-l high ; radical leaves on long petioles, ovate-cor-
date, obscurely crenate; sepals 8-10, oblong, white or tinged with blue;
style short and recurved ; stigma obtuse ; carpels 8-10, oblong. Very
abundant in subalpiue swamps. An excellent pot-herb. Hali & Har-
bour, 21; Parry ; Meehan; Brandegee; Coulter. May to September.
TROLLIUS LAXUS, Salisb. Associated with the preceding, but less
common. Hall & Harbour, 22; Brandegee; Coulter. Gray's Peak,
Redfield. June and July.
AQUILEGIA VULGARIS, L., var. BREVISTYLA Gr. (A. bremstyla, Hook.)
Stems low, 6'-$' high, spreading; leaves bi-ternate; leaflets 3-lobed,
crenate, 6"-9" long, creuatures ovate, rotund ; flowers small, blue,
about 6" long including the spur ; sepals oblong-ovate ; petals a little
exceeding the stamens; spurs hooked at the tip ; styles shorter, included.
Hall & Harbour, 23. Mountains near Pike's Peak, Canby ; Meehan.
AQUILEGIA CANADENSIS, L. Styles longer than the stamens. Along
subalpiue rivulets. Mount Elbert near Twin Lakes, Porter. La Plata
Mountain at 11,000 feet altitude, July, Coulter.
AQUILEGIA C^ERULEA, Torr. Ann. N. T. Lye. 2, p. 164. Spur straight,
very slender, l%'-2' ; sepals rhomboid-ovate, acute, longer than the
ipetals; stamens and style shorter than the coralla; stern l-3 high,
glabrous, few-flowered ; flowers 2'-2 y in diameter, pale blue, some-
times ochroleucous, pinkish or white. Leaves mostly radical, glaucous
beneath ; leaflets deeply cleft. On shaded mountain-slopes from 7-11 ,000
feet altitude. A very beautiful and showy plant in flower. June
to September. Hall & Harbour, 24; Parry; Dr. Smith; Porter; Coulter.
Gray's Peak, Redfield.
AQUILEGIA CHRYSANTHA, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8, p. 621, (A. leptocera.
Nutt., v&r.flava. Gr. PL Wright. 2, p. 9J Smaller than the former and
more slender in stems and foliage ; peduncles often pubescent ; flowers
deep yellow, spurs more slender; sepals abdut 9" long, lanceolate-oblong,
longer but not broader than the limb of the petals. Grand Canon of
the Arkansas, June 3, Brandegee.
DELPHINIUM ELATUM, L., var. (?) OCCIDENTALS, Watson. Kintfs
Rep., vol. 5, p. 11. Tall, 5 high, glabrous or densely pubescent above;
leaves deeply 3-5 cleft, divisions broadly cuneate, somewhat 3-lobed and
sparingly gashed-toothed, the teeth narrowing abruptly to a callous
point; racemes many-flowered, often densely so, simple or pauicled;
flowers pubescent, sometimes white; spur longer than the sepals;
lower petals broad, slightly notched, often erosely-deutate, more or less
densely bearded, the claw spurred at base. In Coulter's specimens from
the Twin Lakes the spur is shorter than the sepals and the lower petals
are very acute; stems very stout; flowers large, in crowded racemes.
Hall & Harbour, 25; Coulter.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 5
DELPHINIUM SCOPULORUM, Or. PL WHgJit. 2, p. 9. Puberulent or
glabrous ; stein leafy, simple, l-2 high ; petioles dilated at base ;
leaves orbicular iu outline, 3-5 parted, divisions deeply 2-3-cleft, seg-
ments uiauy-lobed or laciniate ; raceme strict ; many-flowered ; flowers
smoothish ; spur longer than the sepals ; lower petals bifid, sparingly
bearded within; claw spurred at base; carpels 3, erect, nearly glabrous.
Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Hall & Harbour, 26.
YAK! Stems 2-5 high, stout, panicled; racemes slender, elongated;
flowers scattered, small ; spur straight, ascending. Ute Pass, Porter.
Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
DELPHINIUM AZUREUM, Michx. Canon City, June 26, Brandegee.
DELPHINIUM MENZIESII, DC. More or less pubescent; stems stout,
l-2 high, leaves orbicular in outline, 5-7 parted, divisions 2-3
cleft; bracts mostly entire, lower ones 3-cleft; raceme simple, few to
many-flowered; spur usually curved, longer than the sepals, ascending;
capsules glabrous; root grumous. Closely resembles the eastern D. tri-
corne. Hall & Harbour, 28. In the foot-hills west of Denver, Coulter.
ACONITUM NASUTUM, Fisch. Petals erect, with the spur arcuate;
galea conical, prone; spur descending; raceme somewhat panicled ; divis-
ions of the leaves rather broad, coarsely laciniate-toothed. Stem
stout, 3-6 high, pubescent above ; flowers purple or white. Hall &
Harbour, 29; Parry. Weston's Pass, July 18, at 11,000 feet altitude,
Coulter.
ACT JEA SPICATA, L., var. ARGUTA, Torr. (A. arguta, Nutt. Fl. N. Am.,
p. 35.) Stouter than A. spicata, var. rubra of Gray's Manual ; leaflets
larger and more serrated; petals oblong, obtuse; otherwise nearly the
same. Mountains near Denver, Dr. Smith. Oak Creek, Fremont County,
Brandegee. St. Vrain Canon, Coulter.
BERBERIDACEvE.
BERBERIS AquiFOLtriM, Pursh. Leaflets 1-6 pairs, not approxi-
mated to the base of the petiole, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate or ellipti-
cal oblong, oblique and slightly cordate at base, margin repand with
thorny or spinulose cuspidate teeth ; racemes short, nearly erect, clus-
tered; filaments 2-toothed; berries dark purple. An uuder-shrub 2-5
high, branching, the branches often procumbent. Leaflets li'-3' long,
obscurely reticulated on both sides, the veins all rising from the
midrib. Hall d' Harbour, 30. Head-waters of the Arkansas, Porter.
Kear Long's Peak, Coulter.
NYMPHLEACEJE.
XUPHAR POLYSEPALUM, Eng. Proc. Saint Louis Acad., April 17, 1865,
p. 282. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, with a narrow sinus;
sepals 9-12, concave, the middle ones very large ; petals 12-18, spatulate,
retuse; stamens very numerous; anthers truncate, appendiculate at the
apex, equaling or shorter than the at-length recurved filaments; stig-
matic rays of the striate, urceolate ovary 13-21, almost reaching the
crenate margin of the umbilicate disk, neither constricted nor beaked
toward the apex. Leaves longer in proportion to their breadth than
those of JV. adrena ; sinus narrower and more closed; flowers very large ;
outer sepals greenish and yellowish, inner ones more or less tinged with
red. Mountain-lakes around Long's Peak, Parry. Cold Lake in the
Sierra Madre Range, at 10.000 feet altitude, Coulter.
6 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
PAPAVERACE.E.
PAP AVER ALPINUM, L. Scape one-flowered, 2 / -3 / high, naked, hispid
as well as the calyx with brownish hairs ; leaves lance-ovate in outline,
deeply pinnatifid, divisions rarely incised ; flower nodding in the bud,
6"-8" in diameter; petals lemon-yellow ; capsule obovate, hispid. Near-
est VSLT. flaviflorum, Koch. Fl. Germ. 1, p. 25. Alpine. Hall; Parry,
147 ; Meehan. California Gulch at 12,500 feet altitude, Coulter.
ARGEMONE MEXIOANA, L. Most common on the plains along the
fout-hills. Stout, 2-3 high; flowers large, 2 / -3 / in' diameter, white,
very rarely yellow. Hall; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Porter; Coulter.
FUMARIACE^.
CORYDALIS AUREA, L., var. CURVISILIQUA, Eng. Gommou in the
mountains. Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Canby; Porter; Coulter.
CRUCIFER^E.
NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE, E. Br, Platte Eiver near Denver, Dr.
Smith. Golden City, Greene.
NASTURTIUM SINUATUM, Nutt. Platte Eiver near Denver, Dr.
Smith.
NASTURTIUM OBTUSUM, Nutt. Hall & Harbour, 32; Porter. Oro
City, Coulter.
JNASTURTIUM PALUSTRE, D. C. Dr. Smith; Porter; Brandegee. Near
Denver, Coulter ; Red field.
ARIBIS HIRSUTA, Scop. Common everywhere in Colorado. Dr.
Smith; Meehan; Brandegee; Coulter; Red field.
ARABIS DRUMMONDII, Gr. Very variable; stem strict or slender and
flexuous; glabrous or covered with a stellate pubescence; pods erect
and straight or spreading and arcuate. Dr. Smith; Coulter.
Yar. ALPINA, Watson. A reduced alpine or subalpine form with a
few crowded purple or white flowers; glabrous or stellately pubescent.
White House Mountain, August, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
ARABIS RETROFRACTA, Grab. (Streptanthus angustifoUus, Nutt.)
Stems several from one root, 12 / -18 / high, virgate, branching near the
summit; radical leaves lanceolate, linear, sparingly hirsute, lower can-
line much broader, closely amplexicaul, upper ones smaller, oblong-
lanceolate, smooth, erect; flowers small, pale red; petals oblong-oval,
the limb exserted ; sepals short, smooth, almost coriaceous. Hall & Har-
bour, 35.
CARDAMINE CORDIFOLIA, Gr. PL FendL, p. 8. Stem l-3 high,
erect, simple, from a fibrous, creeping rhizoma, glabrous or pilose at
base, leafy to the top; leaves all petioled, cordate, sparingly repand-den-
tate or angular-toothed, ciliate, 2 / -4 / in diameter ; lowest orbicular ;
the upper triangular-cordate, sub-acuminate ; flowers rather large,
white; siliques erect, 2 to 3 times longer than the pedicels. Common in
swamps at middle elevations. Hall & Harbour, 34; Dr. Smith; Parry ;
Median; Coulter. Sangre de Cristo Eauge, Red field.
CARDAMINE HIRSUTA, L. Hall & Harbour, 33.
YESICARIA STENOPHYLLA, Gr. PL Lindh., 2, p. 149. Low, branches
several, spreading form a thick, woody caudex, a span or less high ; leaves
linear or linear spatulate, crowded; silvery pubescent, mostly entire.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 7
raceme densely many-flowered ; flowers golden yellow; silicle mem-
branaceous, very smooth, equaling or a little longer than the style.
Canon City, August 13, 1872, in fruit, Brandeyee. Bluffs at Pueblo,
Greene.
VESICARI A LUDOVICIANA, DC. Canesceut with a stellate pubescence ;
stem 6'-8' high, simple or somewhat branched above ; radical leaves
spatulate, entire, obtuse, cauline linear ; flowers golden yellow ; petals
obovate ; style slender, longer than the ovary and nearly as long as the
obovate, globose, hairy silicle. Platte Eiver near Denver, Dr. Smith ;
Coulter.
YESICARIA MONTANA, Gr. Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 58.
Silvery canescent; stems spreading from a perennial root, leafy; leaves
spatulate; the radical subovate, petioled, sometimes 1-2 toothed; fruit-
ing raceme elongated, silicle oval or ellipsoidal, whitish-pubescent,
a little longer than the slender style, a little shorter than the upwardly
curving, spreading pedicel. Well marked by the oval or oblong silicle,
in some specimens 3" long but scarcely half that breadth, hoary with a
fine stellate pubescence; seeds 4 or 6 in each cell, wingless; petals
spatulate, light yellow; filaments filiform. Hall & Harbour, 49; B. H.
Smith; Meehan; Porter. Found in the mountains at middle elevations.
PHYSARiA 1 DIDYMOCARPA, Gr. (Vesicaria, Hook.) Canescent with a
stellate pubescence; radical leaves broadly obovate-spatulate, occasion-
ally lyrate, cauline spatulate-lanceolate, mostly entire ; silicjues large,
globose-didymous, deeply emarginate above and below. A low, de-
cumbent, profusely branched perennial. Flower showy; petals oblong-
spatulate, exceeding the oblong sepals ; silicles varying in size, the lobes
usually approximate, sometimes considerably divergent; septum lance-
olate. Hall d; Harbour, 47 5 Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Long's Peak,
May 27, Coulter.
DRABA ALPINA, L. Eather rigid ; scapes naked, mostly some-
what hirsute ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, plane, more or less pilose
with branching hairs; petals yellow, more than twice the length of the
calyx : silicles somewhat corytubed, oblong-elliptical ; style very short.
Dwarf, I"-! 7 high: alpine and subalpine. very variable. Mount Lincoln
at 13,000 feet altitude, July, iu flower, Coulter. Gray's Peak at 12,000
feet, Red field.
DRABA ArREA, Vahl. More or less pubescent; stem erect, leafy:
leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or toothed; corymbs ter-
minal and axillary; silicles oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, exceeding the
pedicels; petals yellow, emargiuate; style rather short. Variable. In
the mountains from 7-14,000 feet altitude. Hall & Harbour, 44; Dr.
Smith; Heehan ; Brandeyee; Coulter. Gray's Peak, Reel field.
DRABA STREPTOCARPA, Gr. SUl Jour. 1862, vol. 33, p. 13. A span
high; radical leaves rosulate, spatulate-lanceolate, acutish, attenuated
into a large-margined petiole, J'-l.V long, cauline about ', oblong or ob-
long-lanceolate, very entire, sessile ; hairs simple or simply forked, long,
rigid, shaggy, spreading; racemes often paniculate, many-flowered; pe-
tals golden yellow, twice longer than the calyx, mostly retuse or emar-
ginate; style a little shorter than the ovary; stigma emarginate, cap-
itate; fructiferous pedicels 3" long, more or less spreading; silicles J'--'
long, linear or oblong-ovate, minutely or strongly hispid-ciliate, usually
much twisted, turns often 3-4; style long, $"-2". Easily distinguished
'PHYSAKIA, Xutt. Characters as iu Vesicaria, except that the silicle is didymous,
much inflated, nieinbran.aeeous, and the cotyledons contrary to the narrow septum.
8 SYNOPSIS OP THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
from D. aurea, which it most resembles, by its lack of stellular pube-
scence, longer styles and the more twisted silicles. In the mountains
from 7-14,000 feet altitude. Alpine forms much dwarfed. Hall & Har-
bour,^; Parry, Canby; Brandegee ; Coulter.
DRABA CRASSIFOLIA, Grah. Scape naked or with a single leaf, l'-3'
high ; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire or somewhat serrate, ciliate with
simple hairs ; calyx and pedicels glabrous; flowers small, yellow or white ;
petals a little exceeding the calyx, retuse; silicles ovate-elliptical, glab-
rous. Hall & Harbour, 41. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee.
DRABA NEMOROSA, L., var. LUTEA, Gr. (D. lutea, DC.) ' Pubescent ;
stem branching, leafy, 6'-15' high, very slender, sometimes branching
from the base ; pubescence simple or forked ; leaves oval, cauline ones
lanceolate, toothed; flowers very small, yellow; petals about twice as
long as the calyx; style none; silicles oblong-elliptical, rather obtuse,
glabrous, about 4" long, one-third to one-half the length of the slender
spreading pedicels. Alpine and subalpiue. Hall & Harbour , 42. Sierra
Madre Range at 11-13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
Var. ALPINA, Porter. Dwarf, 2'-3' high, branching from the base ;
fruiting raceme short; flowers white; pedicels shorter than the silicles;
stigmas distinctly 2-lobed. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude, July,
Coulter.
DRABA CUNEIFOLIA, Nutt. Canon City, Brandegee.
SISYMBBIUM CAKESCENS, Nutt. Very variable in the division of the
leaves and the amount of pubescence, the latter always branched. Very
common on the plains and in the mountains at all heights. Hall <fc
Harbour, 40; Dr. Smith; Meehan; Porter; Brandegee; Coulter.
SISYMBRIUM GLAUCUM, Kutt. Annual, glaucous, about 1 high,
much branched, leaves entire, radical ones small, spatulate, cauline
ovate, sagittate and clasping, rather acute; flowers minute, pale pur pie ;
petals cuneate-oblong, twice as long as the sepals ; silicles ' long, gla-
brous; style almost none; seeds in a single or partly in a double series:
cotyledons decidedly incumbent.
South Park, July, 1872, Porter. A slender dwarf- form, 3'-4' in height,
with smaller leaves and shorter siliques.
SMELOWSKIA 1 CAL.YCINA, Meyer. (Hutchinsia, Desv.) Leaves mostly
radical on long petioles, deeply pinnatifid; flowers white, in dense
corymbs, the limb of the petal roundish; calyx persistent; stem 4'-6'
high, elongating in fruit. Alpine and subalpiue. Hall & Harbour, 43.
Mount Lincoln at 1,300 feet altitude, July, Coulter.
ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES, I^.Hall & Harbour, 38. Twin Lakes
at 9,000 feet altitude, Porter.
ERYSIMUM ASPERUM, DC., var. ARKANSANUM, Nutt. Variable and
abundant on the plains and mountains. Hall & Harbour, 39; Dr.
Smith; Porter; Coulter.
Var. PUMILUM, Watson. King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 24. (E. pumilum,
]N~utt.) Somewhat scabrous, stems 2'-4' high; leaves linear, all entire;
flowers pale yellow, conspicuous; petals longer than the calyx; stigma
small, nearly entire; pedicels very short; siliques flatly 4-sided, 3' long,
erect. Hall & Harbour, 39. Alpine;
1 SMELOWSKIA, C. A. Meyer. Sepals short, equal; silicle rather short, narrowed at
each end, somewhat tetragonal or laterally compressed; valves concave, submembru-
nous, with included filiform replum and membranous septum; style short and stigma
simple. Seeds few in one row, immarginate, funiculus setaceous, free; cotyledons in-
cumbent. Perennial hoary, toinentose subca'spitose herbs, with 1-2 piiiuatinxL leaves
and bractless flowers. Benth. and Hook*
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 9
HESPERIS PALLASII, Torr. & Gray. FL X. Am. 2, p. 666. Sparsely
pubescent with closely appressed hairs fixed by the middle and acute at
each end, minutely scabrous under the microscope ; stems 3'-6' high,
from a fusiform root ; radical leaves numerous, linear or lanceolate-lin-
ear, sparingly toothed, I'-IJ 7 long, tapering into a petiole; raceme
short ; pedicels much shorter than the flowers; flowers large for the size
of the plant; upper cauline leaves linear; sepals oblong, obtuse, with
scarions margins, gibbous at base, 4" long ; petals with a long, broad,
pale-colored claw which exceeds the sepals ; limb round-obovate, purple;
anthers cordate at base ; ovary hairy ; stigma capitate, somewhat 2-
lobed. The blunt lobes of the capitate stigma, which do not connive,
separate this plant from the genus Hesperis. In all its other characters
it seems to accord well with the brief description of Pursh's Cheiranthus
PallasiL The specimens are in flower only, with no mature siliques.
Chicago Lakes at 12,000 feet altitude, June, Coulter.
STANLEYA l PIISTS T ATLFIDA, Nutt. (8. integrifolia, James.) Stems 2
to 3 high, often several from one root; lower leaves ly rate-pin natitid
or nearly entire, large, sometimes minutely pubescent beneath ; upper
leaves entire, narrowed at the base into a slender petiole; filaments
very long and slender, pubescent below with a glandular enlargement
at the base ; siliques 2' long, somewhat torulose, twice longer than the
stipe. Hall & Harbour, 50; Coulter. Colorado City, Porter.
^HELYPODIU^I rsTEGrRtFOLioi, Eudl. (Pachypodium, Xutt.) Stem te-
rete, smooth, 3-5 high, attenuated upward and sending out numerous
branches toward the summit ; leaves entire, radical ones petioled, ob-
long-elliptical, cauline lanceolate, sessile, uppermost nearly linear;
flowers almost corymbose, crowded, pale rose-color ; pedicels V long,
almost horizontal, twice as long as the calyx ; petals spatulate, obovate;
silique short, abruptly pointed, on a short stipe. South Park, July,
Porter. \Yet Mountain Valley, Brandcgee. Hall & Harbour, 51.
THELYPODroi LiXEARLFOLiUM. Gr. (Streptanthus, Gr. PL Fendl., p.
7.J Very glabrous, 1 or more high, from an annual or biennial root
often branched from the base, erect, paniculate at the top ; leaves linear,
or the lower lanceolate, acutish, very entire, attenuate at base, sessile,
somewhat rigid, pale, lJ'-2' long; sepals turning purplish; petals obo-
vate, rose-purple, j' or less; claws scarcely twice longer than the lax
calyx; siliques erect, on spreading pedicels, very slender, teretish, 2' to
2.V long, apiculate with a very short style; valves carinate, 1-nerved;
seeds oblong, without margins. Canon City and Wet Mountain Valley,
Brandegee.
THELYPODIUM \VRIGHTII, Gr. PL Wright 1, p. 7. Stem 2-3 high,
from a biennial or annual root; leaves broadly or narrowly lanceolate,
2' to 4' long, repaud-dentate or denticulate, all narrowed into a short
petiole; flowering racemes short and dense, fruiting raceme moderate-
1 STAXLEYA, Xutt. Sepals long, spreading. Petals narrowed, elongated, with long
claws. Anthers twisted : siliques long-stipitate, slender, nearly terete, subcompres.sed ;
valves 1-nerved; style short or none; stigma simple. Seeds in one row, oblong, pendu-
lous: cotyledons incumbent. Perennial, glabrous, glaucous; flowers yellow, in long,
strict, many flowered, bractless racemes. Benth. ami Hook.
- THELYPODIUM. Endl. Sepals elongated, equal at base, often colored. Petals long, lin-
ear, or with a plane lamina, unguiculate. Anthers linear. Silii[iie sessile or with a
very short thick stipe, linear, sub terete or somewhat compressed, torulose, not greatly
elongated: valves convex, subcarinately 1-uerved: style rather short: stigma nearly
entire. Seeds in one row, oblong, somewhat compressed, immarginate or scarcely mar-
gined; cotyledons more or less incumbent. Annual or perennial, with spicately
racerned bractless white or rose-colored flowers; slique 1 to 2$' long. S. Watson,
10 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ly elongated, 4'-5' long; pedicels divaricate, 6" long; petals scarcely
exceeding the calyx; siliques slender, 2' long, widely spreading; on
very short stipes ; seeds oblong, emarginate. Canon City, Brandegee.
Webster Canon, Eedfield.
CAMELINA SATIVA, Crantz. Greene. On the road from Denver to
Idaho Springs, Porter. Introduced.
LEPIDIUM INTERMEDIUM, Gr. Porter. Weston's Pass, July 18,
Coulter. Denver, Eedfield. This species shows considerable variation.
Apetalous states are not uncommon; one form from the neighborhood of
Denver has such slender, delicate racemes and small pods, that if the
pods were oval and not orbicular, it could be safely referred to L. rude-
rale, L. Denver, Dr Smith. Canon City, Brandegee.
LEPIDIUM ALYSSOIDES, Gr. PL Fendl., p. 10. Annual, glabrous, 6' to
12' high; stems diffuse, corymbose-racemose; branches minutely puber-
ulent; leaves narrowly linear, mucronulate, attenuate at base, very eu-
tire, lJ 7 -2 7 [long, l"-2" wide, lowest often piimately 3-5 lobed ; ra-
cemes dense, corymbose; petals round-spatulate, thrice longer than
the calyx; stamens 6; silicles ovate, wingless, scarcely emargiuate,
glabrous; style very short, but thrice the length of the minute emar-
gination. South Park, July, Porter. Near Pueblo, Greene; Eedfield.
LEPIDIUM MONTANUM, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, decumbent ; branches
many from a long, somewhat woody root, 8' to 12', spreading in a cir-
cular manner; radical leaves usually more or less bi-pinnatitid, seg-
ments short, acute, upper leaves trifid or entire ; flowers rather con-
spicuous, sepals oval-oblong ; petals nearly twice as long as the sepals;
style conspicuous; silicles 2" long, indistinctly reticulated, elliptical,
slightly emarginate, wingless; pedicels 3" -4" long; cotyledons incum-
bent. South Park, Canby ; Porter.
LEPIDIUM SATIVUM, L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Introduced. Dis-
tinguished by its larger, ovate, winged pods, slightly notched at the top.
THLASPI ALPESTRE, L. (?) Perennial, glabrous; stems ascending, 3'-
12' high, simple ; radical leaves petioled, ovate or obovate, entire or
denticulate, cauline ovate-oblong, cordate, clasping ; racemes crowded,
or usually elongated and loose, %'-& long; flowers rather large, petals
l/'-S" long; pods 2 /A -4" long, acutely margined but not winged, short-
oblong, cuueate at base, emarginate, truncate or rounded at the apex,
4-8 seeded; style J"-!" long. We have followed Watson (in King's
Rep., vol. 5, p. 31) in naming this plant, which is usually referred to
T. cochleariforme, DC. Alpine and subalpine ; frequent. Hall & Har-
bour, 46; Meelian ; Brandegee; Coulter. Gray's Peak at 11,500 feet,
Eedfield.
CAPP ARID ACE 2E.
CLEOME 1 INTEGRIFOLIA, T. & G. Annual, somewhat glaucous, 2-3
high, widely branching; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate (the lower-
most oblong) entire, submucrouate ; racemes sometimes nearly 1 long ;
flowers large, showy, reddish purple, rarely white ; sepals united to
the middle, persistent ; segments triangular-acuminate; petals with
very short claws; stamens equal; pods oblong-linear, compressed,
much longer than the stipe. Ou water-courses along the foot-hills -and
1 CLEOME, L. Sepals distinct or somewhat united. Stamens 6 or rarely 4. Torus
minute. Pod linear or oblong, subsessile or stipilate. Annual herbs or shrubs, with
digitate or simple leaves 'and racemed or solitary flowers. Bcntli. $ Hook.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLOEA OF COLORADO. 11
on the plains. Dr. Smith; J>. H. Smith ; Porter; Coulter; Hall &
Harbour, 52.
CLEOMELLA ^NGTJSTIFOLIA, Torr. Glabrous, 1 or more high, branch-
ing above ; leaflets oblong-linear, acutish, very entire ; upper bracts
simple; ovary many times surpassing the style, shorter than the stipe;
capsule dilated-rhomboid, acute; seeds transversely rugulose. Hall &
Harbour, 53 ; Parry. This is C. tenuifolia^ Torr., 104 of Parry's Rocky
Mountain Plants, Gray's Enumeration, Sill. Jour., vol. 33, p. 404.
POLAXISIA TjrxiGLANDULOSA, DC. (P. trachysperma, T. & G. Fl. N.
Am. 1, p. 669.) Yiscidly pubescent, branching ; leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets
and bracts oblong-lanceolate ; stamens 8-16 ; filaments deep purple,
twice or thrice the length of the petals ; style about the length of the
ovary ; pods linear-oblong, attenuate at base ; seeds turgid, rough and
warty; capsule short-stipitate. On the Platte, near Denver, Dr Smith;
Redfield.
VIOtACEJE.
VIOLA PALTJSTEIS, L. Parry, 110.
VIOLA CUCULLATA, Ait. Bear Creek Canon, Coulter.
VIOLA DELPHINIFOLIA, Kutt. Plains near Denver and on the Saint
Vrain Elver, Coulter. Golden City, Greene.
VIOLA BIFLORA, L. Stem weak, about 2-leaved, 2-flowered ; leaves
reuiform, very obtuse, crenate; stipules ovate, very entire; flowers very
small, yellow, petals marked with brown stride ; sepals acute or acutish ;
spurs short. Hall & Harbour. 54.
VIOLA CANIXA, L. Near Mount Lincoln, July, Coulter.
VIOLA CANADE^SSIS, L. Caiion City, Erandagee. Near Long's Peak,
May, Coulter.
VIOLA XrTTALLii, Pursh. Stems numerous, short, erect; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, somewhat pubescent or nearly glabrous, undivided but
sometimes obscurely sinuate-toothed, attenuated into a long petiole;
stipules lanceolate, entire, or obscurely ciliate-toothed ; flowers small,
pale yellow ; spur very short ; peduncle shorter than the leaves. Hall &
Harbour, 55. Near Denver, May, Coulter.
IONIDIU3I 2 LINEARE, Torr. Am. N. Y. Lye. 2, p. 168. Somewhat pu-
bescent, stern branched ; leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, entire
or remotely serrulate, the lower varying from lanceolate to oblong or
obovate, the upper linear, obtuse or acute, usually 3-4 times the length
of the stipules; stipules linear, one-third the length of the leaves; pe-
duncles slender, 2 // -6 // long, articulated, bibracteolate ; flowers small;
capsules glabrous; seeds turning black. Hall d; Harbour, 57. Canon
City, Brandegee.
1 CLEOMELLA, DC. Sepals distinct, short aud spreading. Torus short, oblong'
Stamens 6, incurved in ;estivatiou. Pod short, obovate-rhomboidal, 4-8 seeded, with
reticulate, deltoid, or boat-shaped saccate valves, and upon a filiform stipe. Seeds
smooth, pitted, or variously reticulated: embryo conduplicate ; radicle elongated.
Annual glabrous herbs with stipulate 3-foliolate leaves, entire leaflets and racerned,
leafy-bracted yellow flowers. Benth.* Hook.
2 IONIDIOI, Vent. Sepals more or less unequal, not auricled ; petals very unequal,
the two upper shorter, the lower one very large, imguiculate : the claw dilated, shortly
gibbous or concave ; stamens approximate, the anterior ones each furnished with a
nectariferous gland at the base. Low herbs or suftruticose plants, leaves alternate or
opposite : peduncles axillary, solitary. Gr. Gen. Ill, 1, p. 189 ? t. 82.
12 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
FRANKENIA JAMESU, Torr. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. v. 8, p. 622. Much
branched from a woody base, 6'-10'; branchlets minutely pubescent;
leaves opposite, linear, strongly revolute on the margins, somewhat
mucrouate, &'-&" long, -with fascicles of shorter ones in their axils ;
flowers terminal, sessile ; petals long-clawed, white, limb oblong-cuneate,
erose-denticulate at the tip, 2"-3" long, nearly twice the length of
the calyx-tube; stamens 6, exserted; stigmas terminal; ovules 3,
oblong-linear, pendulous from the apex of a very long subbasilar funicu-
lus. Canon City, Brandegee. Near Pueblo, Redfield.
CARYOPHYI^LACE^E.
SAPONARIA VACCARIA, L. ( Vaccaria vulgaris, Host.) Hoopes; Greene.
Introduced.
SILENE ACAULIS, L. Gray's Manual, p. 90. High alpine, growing in
dense mats near the snow-line, at 10,000 to 14,000 feet altitude. July,
August. Hall & Harbour, 65. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith.
Pike's Peak, Porter. Mount Lincoln, at 14,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
Gray's Peak, 12,000 to 13,000 feet, Redfield.
SILENE SCOULERI, Hook. Stem erect; racemes sub-compound, nar-
row, few-flowered ; flowers erect or nodding, longer or shorter than the
pedicels; calyx oblong, clavate, somewhat dilating, teeth broad-lance-
olate, acutisli, slightly ciliate ; petals white or pinkish, bifid, the lobes
oblong, emargiuate, the appendages obtuse ; claws with acute auricles,
woolly-ciliate as well as the filaments; capsule obovate-oblong, three to
four times longer than the stipe. Hall & Harbour, 61 ; Hoopes. In the
mountains.
SILENE MENZIESII, Hook. Minutely glandular-pubescent; stems
numerous, dichotomously branched, 6'-12' high, weak, ascending, leafy
to the summit; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate,
acuminate at both ends ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-flowered ;
petals white, bifid, 3" long, exceeding the obovate, deeply 5-toothed
calyx; styles thickened above, conspicuously bearded within. Hall &
Harbour, 64.
LYCHNIS APETALA, L. Pubescent; stems simple, 3 / -4 / high,
1-flowered; calyx ovoid, 10-striate, including the petals; filaments and
claws of the petals naked ; seeds large and margined. Hall & Harbour,
63. Mount Lincoln at 13,000 feet altitude, July, Coulter.
LYCHNIS DRUMMONDII, Watson. (Silene Drummondli, Hook. ?)
King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 37. Glandular-pubescent and viscid ; stems
several, l-3 high, erect, simple ; leaves remote, linear-lanceolate ;
raceme loose, few-flowered, with elongated pedicels, alternate or oppo-
l . FRANKENIACE^E. A. St. Hil. Sepals 5, united in a furrowed tube, persistent,
equal; petals alternate with the sepals; stamens hypogynous, either equal in number
to the petals and alternate -with them, or having a tendency to double the number ;
anthers roundish, versatile ; ovary 1-celled, with 2-3 parietal placentae : stylos 2-3,
filiform, united for a considerable part of their length ; capsule 1-celled, inclosed in
the calyx, 2-3, or 4-valved, many seeded ; seeds attached to the margins of the valves,
very minute, anatropous ; embryo straight; erect in the midst of albumen. Herba-
ceous,plants or undershrubs. Stems very much branched. Leaves opposite, exstipu-
late, with a membrauaceous sheathing base, often revolute at the edges. Flowers
sessile in the divisions of the branches, and terminal, embosomed in leaves, usually
pink. Lindl.
FRANKEXIA, L. Styles 3, united below, stigmatic along the inner surf ace ; capsule
loculicidal; many-seeded. Torr. $ Gray.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 13
site; flowers 3-5; calyx oblong, cylindrical, erect; petals white or
purplish, the limb 2-lobed or emargiiiate, scarcely exceeding the calyx,
minutely crowned and narrower than the obtusely, strongly auricled
claw ; seeds reniforai, uniformly tuberculated under the microscope,
emargiuate. In the mountains at middle elevations. Sail & Harbour,
62 ; Dr. Smith ; Canty ; Brandegee. South Park, Coulter.
CERASTIUM VULGATUM, L., var. BEHRINGIANUM, Gr. Flowers large,
petals and capsules half longer than the calyx, shorter than the pedicels ;
stems few, 2-4 flowered. Hall & Harbour ; Brandegee. Mount Lincoln,
Coulter.
CERASTIUM ARVEXSE, L. In the mountains, at all elevations. Hall &
Harbour, 75; Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith ; Meehan ; Porter ; Coulter.
STELLARIA JAIVIESIANA, Torr. Ann. X. Y. Lye.* v. 2, p. 169. Yiscidly
pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate, 4' long, acute; stems weak, l-2
high; leaves slightly falcate, closely sessile; cyme divaricate; few-
liowered; petals two lobed, twice longer than the oblong, acute sepals ;
capsule as long as the calyx, deeply valved; seeds few, rugose. Hall
& Harbour, 78.
STELLARIA LONGIPES, Goldie. At all elevations. Hall & Harbour,
71 and 76 ; Canby ; Brandegee ; Coulter.
STELLARIA CRASSIPOLIA, Ehrh. Hall & Harbour.
STELLARIA BOREALIS, Big. Alpine and subalpine. Hall & Harbour*
72; Dr. Smith. Mount of the Holy Cross, at 13,000 feet altitude,
August, Coulter.
STELLARIA UMBELLATA, Turcz. Glabrous, stem 6'-l c high, weak ;
leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate; peduncles axillary and terminal,
divaricate, filiform and elongated, with scarious bracts ; petals wanting ;
sepals short, I" long, ovate, acute, nerveless or 1-nerved, (rarely 3-
nerved;) capsule deeply valved, twice longer than the calyx; seeds
smooth. Hall d- Harbour, 70. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
ARENARIA CONGESTA, Nutt. Crespitose, glabrous ; stem simple,
6'-! high ; leaves long; linear-subulate, pungent, over 2' long; flowers
in roundish, compact heads or fascicles, with crowded membranaceous
bracts; sepals ovate, membranous, obscurely 3-nerved, about half the
length of the oblong petals; capsule coriaceous, equaling the calyx;
seeds very small, angular, smooth. White House Mountain, at 13,000
feet altitude, Coulter. North Park, Hay den.
ARENARIA FENDLERI, Gr. Stems numerous, from a perennial cau-
dex, 6 / -15 / high, glabrous below, more or less glandular, pubescent
above, inibricately many-leaved at base ; leaves long, 3'-5', erect, seta-
ceous, somewhat flattened; serrulate-scabrous, smooth except on the
margins, those of the stem successively shorter; cymes strict and few-
flowered; pedicels slender; sepals ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, acumi-
nate, green, with a broad, scarious margin, 5-nerved, nearly equaling
the obovate petals, which are white and 4" long; styles exserted; cap-
sule about equaling the calyx, 6- valved; seeds papillose-scabrous. Hall
tO Harbour, 79; Parry; Canby; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Meehan;
Brandegee ; Porter ; Coulter.
Var. SUBCONGESTA, Watson. Low, 3'-6' high, smooth except the
minutely puberuleut short pedicels, few-flowered ; petals but little ex-
ceeding the ovate, acuminate, scarious sepals; leaves short. Hills
around Canon City, Brandegee.
Var. DIPFUSA. Branches of the cyme elongated, lax and widely
spreading; flowers numerous. Ute Pass, Porter.
14 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ARENARIA VERNA, L., var. HIRTA, Fenzl. Csespitose, 2 / -3 / high,
minutely hirsute; leaves subulate, 3-nerved, erect, obtuse or acutish;
cyme erect, few or many flowered; sepals ovate, acute, strongly 3-
nerved, mostly exceeding the petals. Summit of Pike's Peak, Canby.
Clear Creek Canon, Coulter. James's Peak, Greene.
ARENARIA ARCTICA, Stev., var. OBTUSA. T. & G. Csespitose, stems
l'-3' high ; leaves linear-subulate, obtuse, carinate, thickish, serrulate-
ciliate, obscurely 3-nerved; peduncles glandular-pubescent, 1 (rarely
2-3) flowered; petals about half longer than the oblong sepals. Hall &
Harbour, 77; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Meehan ; Brandegee. Mount
Lincoln at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter. Gray's Peak, Red-field.
ARENARIA ALPINA, L. (Alsine bifiora, Wahl.) Ca3spitose, stems
creeping, branches erect, 2'-3' high, mostly 1-flowered, minutely pubes-
cent; leaves narrowly linear, 3 7/ -3J 7/ long, nerveless, subconvex beneath;
sepals linear, very obtuse, cucullate at the summit, 3-uerved; petals
oblong, cuneate, much longer than the capsule and calyx. Hall & Har-
bour ', 77 ; Canby.
ARENARIA (ALSINE) Eossn, E. Br. Csespitose; leaves subulate-
triquetrous, rather obtuse, nerveless, scarcely equaling the flower or ex-
ceeding the calyx, mostly shorter than the internodes, with manifest
lateral nerves ; peduncles 1-flowered ; petals oblong, as long as or a little
exceeding the obscurely 3-nerved sepals. Flowers sometimes apetalous.
Hall & Harbour ', 69. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
ARENARIA LATERIFLORA, L. Hall & Harbour, 74.
SAGINA LINN^I, Presl. (S. decumbens, T. & G.) Mostly glabrous ;
stems decumbent, branched, ascending, I'-S' long; leaves linear-subu-
late, very acute; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; petals and
sepals 5, equal, obtuse ; capsule a littte longer than the calyx. Almost
wholly apetalous, glabrous, with narrowly linear leaves, which are mostly
rnucronate; sepals oblong or ovate. Hall & Harbour, 68. Twin Lake
Creek, Coulter.
PORTUJLACACE^:.
PORTULACA OLERACEA, L. (P. retusa, Eng.) Denver, July 31, Dr.
Smith; Greene. Introduced.
TALINUM TERETIFOLIUM, Pursh. Found in the mountains with flow-
ers fully as large as in eastern specimens, Hall & Harbour, 81. Mee-
han ; Porter ; Brandegee. Colorado Springs and Chiaim Canon.
CALANDRINIA 1 PYGM^EA, Gr. ( Talinum pygmceum, Gr.) Proc. Am.
Acad., v. 8, p. 623. Acaulesceiit, glabrous ; root thick, fusiform ; the linear
leaves and 1-3 flowered scapes (l'-2') crowded; sepals orbicular,
glandular-dentate or entire; petals rose color, 6-8, unequal ; stamens,
4-7; stigmas 3-5;' style short, or almost none; ovules, 16-20.
Parry, 143. Mount Lincoln at 13,500 feet altitude, Coulter. Gray's
Peak, Redfield. Alpine.
CLAYTONIA CAROLINIANA, MX., var. LANCEOLATA, Watson, (C.
lanceolata, Pursh.) Cauline leaves ovate, lanceolate or linear, sessile or
short-petioled ; petals more or less emargiuate or entire, rose-color or
white. Mount Lincoln at 14,000 feet altitude, July, Coulter.
1 CALANDRINIA, H. and B. Calyx 2-parted, persistent. Petals 3-5, distinct or
somewhat connate at base. Stamens 4 to 15. Style very short, 3-cleft at the apex,
lobes clavate. Capsule oblong-elliptic, 3-valved. Seeds estrophiolate.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 15
CLAYTONIA ARCTICA, Adams., var. MEGARHIZA, Gr. Sill. Jour.
(y. 8.} 33, p. 406. Boot fusiform, very large ; leaves T-6' long, 2 // -12 // wide,
fleshy ; radical ones petioled, cauline ones lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late, opposite, sessile, racemes secuud, subsessile; flowers large ; petals
obovate, subeinarginate, 2 // -6 // long. Flowers from June to August.
High alpine, growing in crevices of the rock, its large, purple tap-root
penetrating to a great depth. Flowers profuse, white, with pinkish veins.
Hall & Harbour, 83 ; Parry, 142. Gray's Peak at 14.000 feet altitude,
Coulter ; Redfield.
CLAYTONIA CHAMISSONIS, Esch. & Ledeb. (C. aquatica, Xutt.) Stems
erect or decumbent, stoloniferous and rooting at the joints, becoming
1 in length ; roots bulbiferous ; leaves opposite, spatulate, or oblong-
obovate, attenuate below, rather obtuse, V-l' long; racemes appar-
ently axillary, peduncled, simple, few-flowered ; flowers white, rather
large ; petals obovate, entire, twice longer than the calyx. Hall &
Harbour, 84; Parry ; Canby ; Meehan ; Brandegee; Coulter. Sangrede
Cristo Range, Bedjield.
EL.ATIIVACE./E.
ELATIXE AMERICANA, Arn. On the Platte Eiver, Hall & Harbour,
59.
HY'PERICACE^E.
HYPERICUM SCOULERI, Hook. Perennial, herbaceous ; stems terete
below, 6' 2 high ; leaves oblong-obovate, closely sessile or clasping,
very obtuse, f long, not dotted, under-surface with numerous prominent
veins ; cyme compound ; sepals broadly ovate, rather obtuse. the length
of the petals; sepals, petals, and anthers dotted with black; stamens
numerous; styles 3, distinct, erect; capsules tricarpellary ; placentae
united to the middle. Common. Hall & Harbour, 5S-, Meehan; Canby;
Brandegee; Coulter.
CALLIRRHOE INVOLTJCRATA, Gr. Hirsute ; stem branching, procum-
bent, leaves deeply 3-5-parted, covered with stellate hairs, segments
linear-lanceolate, laciniately 3-5 toothed; peduncles erect, 1-flow-
ered, longer than the leaves; flowers few in a loose panicle, about 1^'in
diameter, axillary, scarlet; bracteoles 3, linear-lanceolate, f the length
of the deeply-parted calyx; carpels numerous, hairy, not wrinkled.
Purgatory Eiver, Dr. Bell. Parry, 148.
SiDALCEA 1 MALVJEFLORA, Gr. Glabrous or hispid, l-3 high, simple ;
lower leaves roundish, more or less deeply 7-9 lobed, cauline more nar-
rowly and deeply 5-7 lobed, segments linear, somewhat toothed; raceme
terminal ; pedicels at first shorter, at length longer than the subulate
bracts; calyx hispid or tomentose, the lobes ovate, acute or acuminate;
flowers variable in size, l'-2' in diameter, purple, occasionally white;
styles 7-8, free at the summit; stigma simple; carpels 7, pointless.
Middle elevation sin the mountains. Xorth Park, Hay den. South Park,
Porter ; Canby; Brandegee.
1 SIDALCEA, Gray. Bractlets none. Calyx 5, cleft. Stamineal tube double; the outer
of 5, the inner of 10 narrower phalanges of stamens. Styles united below, filiform,
stigmatose the whole length of the inner face. Ovaries 5-9, united in a circle around
a central receptacle. Carpels membranous, beakless. reniform. 1-seeded. indehiscent,
separating from the short axis. Seed reniform. ascending. Perennial herbs, with pur-
ple, rose-colored or Avhite flowers in paniculate racemes. Gr., Gen. III., 2, p. 57.
16 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
SIDALCEA CANDIDA, Gr. PI. Fendl., p. 24. Stems simple, 2-3 high,
from a perennial, creeping rhizoma, leafy, glabrous above, sparsely hairy
below; lower leaves orbicular, 2 / -8 / in diameter, 7-lobed, smooth, ciliate,
segments coarsely 3-5 toothed, or incised, rounded ; upper leaves 7-lobed
or parted, the floral ones 3-5, segments lanceolate, entire; stipules oval,
ciliate; raceme usually short, compact, glandular, tomeutose; pedicels
shorter than the bracts; lobes of the tomentose calyx ovate; corolla
white or cream-color; petals 8"-12" long ; anthers blue; carpels 9-10,
smooth, cochleate-reiiiform ; minutely apiculate at the inner angle,
mucronate. On water- courses. Bare. Hall & Harbour, 85; Parry,
429; Meehan; Brandegee. Eagle River, Coulter.
MALVASTRUM COCCINEUM, Gr. Common at low elevations, in dry soil.
Hall & Harbour, 86 ; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Canby ; Porter ; Coulter.
Abundant along the Platte. Colorado Springs, Redjield.
SpHvERALCEA 1 ANGUSTiFOLiA, Spach. (8. stellata, T. & G. Ft. N. Am.
1, p. 228.) Densely clothed with a grayish, stellate pubescence; stem
l-3 high, branched; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, petioled, 2 / -3 /
long, 4 // -9 // wide, erosely- serrulate, rugose; petioles 4 // -12 // in length;
peduncles axillary, shorter than the petioles, 2-mauy-flowered ; flowers
more or less aggregated; corolla purple; carpels 12-14, with two short,
slightly recurved points; 2, rarely 3-seeded; seeds reniform, glabrous;
stipules setaceous. Canon. City, Brandegee. Common about Pueblo,
Greene.
ABUTILON 2 PARVULUM, Gr. PI. Wright, 1, p. 21. Cinereous-tomeir
tose with a lax minute pubescence; stems slender, spreading, from a
perennial woody root, paniculate above; branchlets pilose with spreading
hairs; leaves small, 6"-12" broad, cordate, dentate, sometimes 3-lobed,
usually obtuse, canescent, tomentose beneath; peduncles axillary,
1-flowered, longer than the leaf; flowers small, yellow; capsule ovoid,
somewhat tomeutose, 5-lobed at the apex, much longer than the short
calyx; carpels erect, 5, rather obtuse, awnless, 2-3-seeded. Ledges of
rock near Canon City, Greene.
JLINACE^E.
LINUM PERENNE, L. Perennial, glabrous ; stems l-3 high, branch-
ing above; branches virgate; leaves alternate, scattered, linear, acute;
flowers terminal and nearly opposite the leaves, large; peduncles becom-
ing elongated and nodding in fruit; sepals oval, with membranous mar-
gins, a little shorter than the globose capsule; petals free, retuse, blue,
3-4 times the length of the calyx; styles 5, capsule 5-celled, with bearded
dissepiments. Not rare in the mountains, but more common at higher
elevations. Hall & Harbour, 87; Dr. Smith. North Park, Hay den ;
Coulter.
LINUM RIGIDUM, Pursh. Stems 5'-15' high, angled, much-branched;
branches strict, ascending; leaves alternate; linear, pungently- acute,
rigid, with scabrous margins; flowers panicled or corymbose; pedicels
1 SPH^ERALCEA, St. Hil. Involucel 2-3 leaved, setaceous, often deciduous. Stigmas
capitate. Ovaries many, 15-20. Carpels 1-celled, 2-ovuled, the lower ovule ascend-
ing, the other pendulous, compressed, often truncate and pointed above, membra na-
ceous or coriaceous, 2-valved above, hardly separating from each other and from the
axis Radicle inferior, or in the upper seed centripetal-superior. Gr., Gen. ///., 2, p. 69.
2 ABUTiLOisr, Tourn., Gaertu. Involucel none. Stigmas capitate. Ovules 3 in each
carpel, rarely 4-9, all or the lower spreading or resupinate-pendulous. Fruit of 5-mnny
carpels. Carpels, 1-celled, about 2-valved, scarcely separating from the axis. Radicle
ascending or centripetal. Leaves cordate. Gray, Gen. Ill, 2, p. 65.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 17
thickened at the end, and forming an exterior cup-shaped calcyculus ;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, strongly 3-nerved, glandular spinu-
lose-scabrous on the margins, longer than the globose capsule ; petals
sulphur-yellow. Canon City, Brandegee; Greene.
GERANIUM BICHARDSONH, F. and M. (G. albiflorum, Hook.) Stem
erect, l-3 high, dichotomously branching, glabrous below, branches
slender] leaves deeply 5-parted, lobes sharply incised, sparsely pube-
scent; petioles smooth; radical ones on long petioles, uppermost opposite,
on short petioles, rather acuminate; pedicels and sepals glandular-pilose;
petals entire, white or pale rose-color, liirsute at base; filaments pilose
at base, equaling the pilose styles, which are connate one-third their
length; capsule glandular-pilose. Growing in damp, shaded spots along
water-courses in the mountains, frequent. Taller but less robust in all
its parts and less hairy than the following, from which in some forms it
can scarcely be distinguished. Hall & Harbour, 88; Porter; Brande-
gee; Coulter.
GERANIUM FREMONTH, Torr. Plant. Fendl, p. 26. Perennial, stems
numerous, diffusely branching. 6'-! in height, more or less pubescent
throughout, with a short, close, glandular pubescence sparsely intermixed
with longer, pilose hairs; upper leaves deeply 3-5-cleft, truncate at base,
or the lowest cordate with a broad sinus, radical ones 7-cleft, segments
3-lobed or incised, mucrouate-acute ; peduncles l'-3' long, bearing two
flowers on pedicels 1' 2' long; sepals short-awned; fruiting pedicels
more or less divaricate and declined; petals obovate, emargiuate, light
or deep purple, villose at the base, sparingly villose-bearded on the veins;
filaments pilose-ciliate, equaling the naked styles which are connate be-
low; seeds delicately reticulated; stems numerous and spreading, divari-
cately branched above, growing in dense tufts, with large purple flow-
ers 1' in diameter. Very common on dry, open hill-sides, on the plains
and in the mountains. Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Porter; Coulter. The
degree of pubescence is variable, some forms being nearly smooth.
OXALIS VIOLACEA, L. Glen Eyrie. Porter.
OXALIS STRICTA, L. In the lower foot-hills. Dr. Smith; Brandeyee ;
Coulter.
ZYGOPHYLI.ACE^E. 1
KALLSTRCEMIA MAXIMA, T. & G. (Tribulus mcucimus, L.) Stems
diffusely procumbent, 1-_J long leaves opposite, abruptly pinnate;
leaflets in three, or, rarely, four pairs, oblong or oval; mucrouate, slightly
falcate, pubescent beneath, terminal ones largest; peduncles 1' long,
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered ; flowers yellow ; petals marcescent ; cocci
gibbous below, tuberculate. Fremont County, Brandegee.
R. Br. Flowers perfect, regular, sepals 4-6. JEstivatiou
usually convolute. Petals 4-6, alternate with the sepals, clawed; at lirst short and
scale-like; at length equal to the sepals. Stamens twice as many, hypogonous. Fila-
ments distinct, dilated at base, sometimes placed on the hack of a small scale. Anthers
fixed near the middle, introrse. Ovary" of 4-5 united carpels, opposite the petals,
with five scales or glands at base, or surrounded by a sinuate disk. Ovules two or
more, attached to the inner angle of the carpel, pendulous or rarely erect. Styles and
stigmas united. Fruit capsular, carpels 4-5, which sometimes iu fruit split into ten
1 -seeded cocci without transverse partitions. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite,
stipulate, not dotted, rarely simple.
KALLSTRCEMIA, Scop. Sepals 5-6, persistent, lanceolate or subulate. Petals 5,
obovate. Filaments 10-1:>, naked. Ovaries H'i-12-celled, cells 1-ovuled. Berries
separating from the persistent styliferous axis, 1-seeded. indehiscent. Style conical,
10-furrowed. Stigma capitate, 10-ribbed.
2 F C
18 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
RUTACEJE.
PTELEA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Benth. Distinguished from P. trifoliata, L.,
(Gray's Manual, p. 110,) by its much smaller and more emarginate
fruit, and its oblong or lanceolate leaves, pubescent or villous, becomr
ing smooth and shining with age. Fifteen miles west of Canon City,
Porter; Eedfield.
VITACE^E.
VITIS RIP ARIA, MX. ( V. cordifolia, MX., var. riparia., Gr.) Canon City.
Brandegee.
AMPELOPSIS QTJINQUEFOLIA, MX. Median.
PACHYSTIMA 1 MYRSINITES, Eaf. (OreopUla myrtifolla, Nutt.) Stems
10-2 high, densely branched, very leafy; leaves roundish-oval, or
oblong, J"-9" long; flowers somewhat fascicled on short peduncles,
small, green or brownish, apparently always perfect (monoecious, Nut-
tall.) In dense clumps on wooded slopes. Hall & Harbour, 92; Parry.
At middle elevations, rare.
RHAMNACEJE.
CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS, Dougl., var. LJEVIGATUS, T. & G. A dense-
ly-branched shrub, usually 2-4 high ; leaves round or ovate-elliptical,
2' 3' long, rather obtuse, sub-cordate, glandularly crenate-serrate,
coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, smooth or very slightly pubes-
cent and strongly 3-ribbed beneath; petioles J' in length; panicles
axillary, compound, on rather long peduncles; flowers white. Parry.
Mountains west of Denver, Greene.
CEANOTHUS FENDLERI, Gr. Shrub, 1 J high, widely and intricately
branched; branches and branchlets terete, slender, often spinescent,
whitish, puberulent, at length glabrous, smooth; leaves small, J'-J'
long, oval or elliptic, obtuse, very entire, not glandular, 3-nerved, silky-
canesceiit beneath, smoothish and green above; flowers in clusters,
dense, sessile, glabrous, white. Hall & Harbour, 90. Wet Mount-
ain Valley, Brandegee. In the mountains, on the road from Denver to
Idaho Springs, Porter. Sangre de Cristo Kauge, Redfield.
CEANOTHUS OVALIS, Big. Foot-hills along the Platte, June, Coulter.
CEANOTHUS OVATUS, Desf., DC. Prod., 2, p. 31. (C. Americanus, L.,
var. herbaceus, T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1, p. 264.) Leaves ovate or oval, ser-
rate, 3-nerved, glabrous; thyrsus shortened; fruit sub-globose, 6-ribbed.
Hall & Harbour, 91. This plant we have not seen.
SAPINDACE.E.
ACER GLABRUM, Torr. (A. tripartitum, Kutt.) Shrub, G-10 high;
leaves sub-reuiform, orbicular in outline, 3-lobed or more iisusally 3-
parted; segments short and broad, acutely incised and toothed, some-
what 3-lobed, middle one cuneate ; corymb nnibeled, pedunculate, few-
1 PACHYSTIMA, Raf . Petals and stamens 4, inserted on or below the margin of the
broad, flat, quadrangular disk that covers the small pyramidal ovary, and adheres to
the throat of the short, obcoiiic, 4-lobed calyx. Style very short ; stigma obsoletely
2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, oblong, acute, 2-celled, loculi'cidally 2-valved; cells 1-2
seeded. Seeds inclosed in a white, membranous, dissected axil. A low, branched,
leafy, glabrous shrub, with opposite, short-petioled, mostly serrate, evergreen leaves
and axillary flowers. Bentli. $ Hook.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 19
flowered ; sepals about 8, linear-oblong ; petals wanting ; fruit glabrous,
wings broad, diverging. Along water-courses among the mountains.
Dr. Smith; Coulter.
XEGUNDO ACEROIDES, Moench. Canon City, Brandegee. Along tlie
riatte, Coulter.
ANACARDIACE^E.
EHVS GLABRA, L. Golden City, Greene.
EHUS TOXICODENDRON, L. Grows on dry slopes. Poisonous. Turkey
Creek, Coulter.
RHUS AROMATICA, Ait., var. TRILOBATA, Gr. (R. trilobata 'Suit.) A
much-branched shrub, 3-6 high, smooth or with the leaves and young-
branches minutely pubescent; leaves trifoliate, paler beneath, lateral
leaflets obovate, obtuse, 3-lobed at the apex, or nearly entire ; terminal
leaflet larger, cuneiform, 3-lobed at the summit, I'-IJ' in length. Emit-
ting a heavy, disagreeable odor when bruised. Distinguished from the
eastern form by its greater size, smaller leaves, and smoother drupes.
Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith. Common on the mesas near Colorado Springs,
Porter. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
POLYGALA VERTICILLATA, L. Dudley's Ranch, on Clear Creek,
Greene.
RHOMBIFOLIA, Kutt. Perennial; stems erect, 8 / -12 /
high, angular, nearly smooth; leaves petioled; leaflets obovate-cuiiei-
forin, silky-puberuleut, at length nearly glabrous ; stipules ovate or cor-
date, acute, as long as the petioles; flowers yellow, alternate or in
pairs, lance-oval, shorter than the pedicels ; calyx-short, teeth triangular,
acute, the upper lip 2-toothed ; legumes elongated, falcate, pendulous,
glabrous, about 3' long. Hall tt Harbour, 107 ; Canty.
THERMOPSIS FABACEA, DC., var. MONTANA, Gr. Somewhat pubescent ;
stems numerous, branched; leaflets l'-3' long, oblanceolate, obtuse;
stipules oblong-ovate, exceeding the petioles; legumes downy, 2 / -3 /
long, linear-oblong, erect, nearly straight, about 10-seeded. Middle ele-
vations in the mountains and on the plains. Canty. Four miles from
Denver on Clear Creek, Coulter. South Park, Porter.
LUPIXUS ORNATUS, Dougl. Watson's Revision, in Proc. Amer. Acad-
v. 8, p. 528. Stems decumbent or ascending ; pubescence usually short, more
or less silky, mostly appressed; stipules setaceous; leaflets 5-7, ob-
lanceolate or cuneate-oblong; J'-2' long, acute or acutish; raceme
3'-8' long, usually short-peduncled ; bracts short, subulate or ovate;
pedicels ^"-3" long; bractlets setaceous; calyx-lips nearly equal, the
upper rather shortly toothed or bifid, the lower subentire ; petals blue,
equal, 5 / -7 // long, the banner acutish sub-silky on the back, keel cili-
ate; ovules 5-8; pod 1J 7 long, 3"-." wide.
Var. GLABRATUS, Watson. Leaflets glabrous above, cuneate-oblong,
acutish or obtuse ; flowers nearly white, with a dark purple spot upon
the banner. "Common in the mountains of Colorado." Hall & Harbour,
1 THERMOPSIS, R. Br. Like Baptma (Gray's Manual, p. 142,) but with large, folia-
ceous stipules, and long, flat legumes.
20 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
LUPINUS PARVIFLORUS, ]S"utt. Watson's Rev., 1. c., p. 531. Strict, erect r
slender, 2-3 high, at length branching; pubescence scanty, short,,
appressed, the calyx and pedicels silky ; stipules setaceous ; leaves rather
distant; leaflets 5-11, oblanceolate to obovate, ! 7 -2 7 long, acute or
obtuse and niucronulate, glabrous above, the lower leaves snorter than
the petioles ; raceme J-l long, slender, bracts linear-subtulate, equal-
ing the calyx ; flowers subverticillate or scattered, the slender pedicels
l"-*-2" long ; calyx-lips nearly equal, the upper 2- toothed; petals light-
blue, equal, 3"-4" long, keel ciliate or naked; pod J 7 long, 2-4-seeded r
pubescent. Very abundant near the Twin Lakes, Porter and Coulter.
LUPINUS ARGENTEUS, Pursli. Watson's Rev., 1. c., p. 532. Erect or
ascending, l-2 high, slender ; pubescence minute, silky, appressed ;
stipules small; leaflets 5-8, linear- lanceolate, f'-lj' long, acute, smooth
above or nearly so, about equaling the petioles; racemes 3 7 -6 7 long,
nearly sessile ; flowers subverticillate or scattered, pedicels #'-1" long;
calyx campanulate, gibbous but not spurred at base, minutely bracteo-
late, upper lip broad, 2-toothed, the lower subentire slightly longer ;
petals blue or cream-colored, equal, 3"-4" long, the banner very broad,
naked or subhairy, keel naked or subciliate; ovules 5-3; pod f 7 -!' long.
Yar. DECUMBENS, Watson. (L. decumbens, Torr.) Raceme dense and
many-flowered; stein usually stouter and more leafy. Dr. Smith ; Bran-
degee ; Canby; Coulter ; Porter.
Yar. ARGOPHYLLUS, Watson. With the habit of var. decumbens, but
more copiously silky-pubescent, the leaflets nearly or quite equally so
upon both sides, longer than the petioles ; flowers larger, 5 77 -G 7/ long,
blue or ochroleucous, the calyx decidedly spurred. Approaching nearly
to D. laxiflorm. Brandegee.
LUPINUS C^ESPITOSUS, iNutt Watson's Rev., 1. c., p. 533. Crespitose
dwarf, 2 7 -4 7 high, nearly stemless, silky-hirsute; leaflets 5-7, oblong-
lanceolate, attenuate at base, much shorter than the petiole; stipules
adiiate, subulate ; spikes sessile ; densely flowered, shorter than the
leaves ; bracts setaceous, deciduous ; calyx bracteolate, the upper lip
2-parted, lower obscurely 3-toothed ; petals pale-blue, equal, 3 /7 -4 77 long;
legume villous, 3-4-seeded. " West of the Snowy Range on Blue River.' 7
Hall & Harbour, 96. In the Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
LUPINUS PUSILLUS, Pursh. Watson's Rev., I. c., p. 539. Annual, low,
very hirsute with long spreading hairs ; stems 3 / -10 7 high, branching
from the base; leaflets 3-7, more usually 5, cuiieate-oblong or oblan-
ceolate, f'-li' long, narrowed at the base, acute or obtuse, smoother
above, about half as long as the petioles ; raceme spicate, usually short-
peduncled, 2 7 -3 7 long; flowers alternate, wings equaling the keel;
bracts persistent ; calyx ebracteolate, upper lip 2-cleft, shorter than the
subentire lower one ; petals purple or rose-color, 4 7/ long, equal ; legumes
over J 7 long, very hirsute, about 2-seeded ; seeds orbicular, flattened.
Hall & Harbour, 94 ; B. H. Smith ; Brandegee. Near Denver, Coulter ;
Porter.
TRIFOLIUM LONGIPES, Xutt. Somewhat pubescent; root creeping;
stems erect or ascending, simple, 3 7 -l high ; petioles slender; leaflets
linear-lanceolate, serrulate, silky-pubescent beneath ; radical ones often
oval or oblong; stipules semi-lanceolate, acuminate; heads of flowers
sub-globose, ebracteate, on long peduncles ; flowers ochroleucous, rarely
purple, frequently deflexed in fruit ; calyx-teeth setaceous, longer than
the tube, nearly equal; petals lanceolate; ovary 4-5 ovtiled. Parry*
Mount Lincoln at 12,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 21
TRIPOLIUM NANUM, Torr. Glabrous, csespitose, caudex short and thick,
branching, 1/-2' high ; leaflets ovate oblong, somewhat acuminate, den-
ticulate, strongly veined, on rather long petioles; stipules membrana-
ceous, ovate, cuspidate; peduncles very short, radical; uinbellately about
3-flowered; flowers large, J' long, dark purple, scarcely unfolding; calyx
tubular-campanulate, glabrous, teeth nearly equal, triangular-subulate,
shorter than the tube; vexillum broadly obovate, 3-times the length of
the calyx; legume 4-5-seeded. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 99; Parry;
' Brandeyee. Mount Lincoln at 14,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
TRIFOLIUM DASYPHYLLUM, T. & G. Denselycoespitose; caudex short
and thick, branching, 2'-4' high ; leaves, peduncles, and calyx more or less
cauesceutly silky ; leaflets linear, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
entire; stipules membranaceous, lanceolate, subulate-acuminate; head
globose, on a long radical peduncle, bracteate, V in diameter ; bracts
lanceolate, scarious-inargiued, unequal ; teeth of the calyx setaceous,
nearly equal, exceeding the tube and a little shorter than the corolla;
corolla 4"-6 // long, scarcely unfolding; legume 3-4-seeded. Alpine.
Hall cO Harbour, 97 ; .Parry, Median. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brande-
gee. Mount Lincoln, Mount La Plata and Gray's Peak at 12,000 feet
altitude, Coulter.
TRIFOLIUM PARRYI, Gr. Sill. Jour. (JV. 8.) 33, p. 409. Glabrous, circu-
lose, subcaulescent ; scape 3'-4' high, leafy at base ; stipules ovate,
scarious; leaflets oblong, (J-1J",) sharply dentate ; involucre scarious,
5-7-parted, much shorter than the many-flowered head ; segments ovate,
obtuse; calyx about thrice shorter than the persistent, rose-purple
(G"-9") corolla, teeth broadly-subulate, about equaling the campauulate
tube ; flowers 20 or more in a head ; legumes sessile, 3-4-seeded. Al-
pine. Hall c(; Harbour, 98; Parry; Median. Common on the higher
mountains, Coulter. Gray's Peak at 11,000 feet, Eedfield.
TRIFOLIUM INVOLUCRATOI, AVilld. Xearly erect, glabrous ; slender,
branching from the base, 10'-18' high ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, mucro-
nate, spiuuosely-serrulate, l'-l J' long]; stipules membranaceous, oblong-
ovate, aristate, the upper ones pectinately dentate with setaceous
teeth; the. lowermost narrower and nearly entire ; involucre laciniately
many-cleft, a little shorter than the rather loose subheniispherical heads ;
heads V or more in diameter ; flowers purple, tipped with white ; teeth
of the calyx longer than the tube and much shorter than the corolla,
subulate from a very broad base ; legume stipitate, 5-G-seeded. Fremont
County, Brandegee.
HOSACKIA l PuRsniANA, Beuth. Much-branched, G'-2 high, annual,
erect, more or less hairy, sometimes softly villous; leaflets 3, (rarely 4,)
ovate to lanceolate, rather acute; stipules minute, blackish; peduncles
longer than the leaves, 1-flowered; bract simple; calyx deeply parted ;
corolla 3"-4" long, scarce exceeding the calyx, keel attenuated upward,
falcate ; petals rose-colored, the vexillum with deeper minute stripes ;
legume V or more long, straight, not attenuate above. Hall ct Har-
bour, 108.
PSORALEA LAJS T CEOLATA, Pursli. Nearly glabrous, with a few scat-
tered hairs and numerous dark-colored glands, erect, 1 high, much
1 HOSACKIA, Dougl. Calyx tubular or somewhat campauulate, 5-cleft or toothed-
Vexillum as long- as the spreading wings, often distant from those of the other petals-
Keel as long as the vexillum. Style subulate, usually somewhat straight. Stigma
capitate. Legume somewhat compressed, wingless. Herbs or stitirutescent plants (all
American.) Stipules very minute, sometimes foliaceons. Peduncles axillary or um-
bellately 1-3 many-flowered; commonly with a 1-3-foliolate bract below the flowers.
Torr. &QT. n. X. 'Am.
22 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
branched; lea-res palraately3-foliolate; leaflets y-V long, linear-lanceolate
or elliptical-oblong, rather obtuse, slightly mucronate, sessile; peduncles
longer than the leaves ; raceme short, 6-15-flowered ; calyx-teeth minute,
acute; corolla 3" long, bluish ; legumes globose, sparingly hirsute, cov-
ered with larger dark-brown glands. Hall & Harbour, 101; Dr. Smith;
B. H. Smith. Very abundant on the plains around Denver and Colorado
Springs, Porter.
PSORALEA DIGITATA, Xutt. Ganesceut, diffusely branched, branches
slender; leaves 5-foliolate; leaflets cuneate-oblong and oblong-linear with
an abrupt, rigid point, If long, 2"-4" wide, smooth and minutely dotted
above, hirsute beneath, longer than the petioles; stipules lanceolate, re-
flexed; spikes short, interrupted, on very long peduncles, the clusters
3-6 flowered ; flowers sessile; bracts obcordate or reniforin ; calyx villous,
half as long as the corolla, segments ovate, acuminate, the lowest one
produced; vexillum roundish-obovate ; legume orbicular-ovate, com-
pressed, hirsute, not wrinkled; seeds ovate. Purgatory River, Dr. Bell.
PSORALEA FLORIBUNDA, Nutt. Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Porter.
Abundant on the plains of the Platte, Coulter. Hall & Harbour, 102.
PSORALEA ARGYOPIIYLLA, Pursh. Hall & Harbour, 103; Porter.
PSORALEA CUSPIDATA, Pursh. (P. cryptocarpa, T. & G.) Stein l-2
high, terete, branched, canescent with appressed pubescence; leaves
5-foliolate; leaflets obovate or elliptical-oblong, I'-IJ' long, obtuse or
acutish, mucronate, about as long as the petiole, minutely dotted, pube-
scent; stipules subulate ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; spikes
ovate or oblong, flower-clusters crowded; flowers blue; bracts lanceolate,
cuspidate, shorter than the flower; calyx large, somewhat inflated, gib-
bous at the base, conspicuously dotted, teeth triangular lanceolate, acu-
minate, two upper ones united to the middle, the lower one produced :
legume ovate, membranaceous, scarcely pointed, not wrinkled, hid in
the large calyx. Purgatory River, Dr. Bell.
PSORALEA HYPOG^EA, Nutt. Acaulescent; root tuberous, oblong, edi-
ble, about I' long ; stemless, hirsute with whitish appressed hairs ; leaves
5-7 foliolate; leaflets linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, usually acute,
I'-IJ' long, 2"-3" wide, nearly glabrous above; spikes capitate, on
peduncles much shorter than the petioles; bracts lanceolate; calyx
cleft below the middle, segments linear, acuminate, the lowest lanceo-
late, elongated ; corolla pale-blue ; banner o\>long, of the length of the
wings and twice as long as the keel. Sandy plains of Xorthern Colo-
rado. Rare. Greene.
DALEA ALOPECUROIDES, Willd. Hall cO Harbour, 104; Dr. Smith;
Brandegee.
DALEA LAXIFLORA, Pursh. Glabrous, 3-4 high, erect, branched
above; branches slender and spreading; leaflets 4-5 pairs, linear-ob-
long, 2"-3" long, %" wide, strongly dotted; spikes panicled, few-flow-
ered; flowers distant ; bracts very broad, almost orbicular, glandular,
coriaceous, glabrous, slightly cuspidate, embracing the flower; calyx
deeply cleft, teeth long, setaceous, beautifully plumose; corolla white,
keel twice as long as the wings, vexillum cordate, very small, sometimes
with 4 approximated glands near the middle. Hall & Harbour, 100.
DALEA NANA, Torr., var. ELATIOR Torr. PI. Wright, I, p. 46. Stems
about 1 high, canescent with appressed pubescence, branching; branches
leafy to the to]); leaves remote; leaflets 2-3 pairs, oblong and obovate,
slightly apiculaU', clothed with silky, canesceut hairs, not dotted, H"-4"
long; spikes ovate, loosely-flowered, elongated and cylindrical in
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 23
fruit, I/ long, on short peduncles or sessile on the ends of the leafy
branches; bracts obovate, apiculate, about the length of the yellow
flowers: calyx deeply cleft, teeth setaceous, plumose. Purgatory River,
Dr. Bell. Closely allied to D. a urea, from which it differs in its diffusely
spreading-, slender stems, repeatedly branched and leafy to the spikes,
which are smaller and much less dense.
DALEA JAMESII, Torr. Stems several from one root, 4'-9' high,
somewhat woody at the base; whole plant silky-pubescent; leaves pal-
mately tri-foliolate, not dotted with glands; leaflets obovate, very obtuse;
stipules setaceous, erect, rigid, 4" long; petioles G"-!)" long; spikes
oblong, sessile, dense and broad, about I 7 long; bracts ovate, acuminate,
longer than the calyx; calyx deeply cleft, segments setaceous, plumose,
longer or shorter than the vexillum; flowers golden-yellow. Caiion
City, Brandegee.
PETALOSTEMON YIOLACEUS, MX. B. H. Smith. Colorado Springs
Porter. Plains of the Platte, not as common as the following, Coulter.
PETALOSTEMOX CANDIDUS, MX. Common on the plains. Dr. Smith:
Coulter : Porter.
PETALOSTEMON MACROSTACHYUS, Torr. Ann. X. Y. Lye., 2, p. 176.
Glabrous, stem l-2 high, branched, dotted, leaflets 2-3 pairs, lanceo-
late-oblong, obtuse, dotted beneath, J' long, upper surface becoming deep
verdigris-green in drying; spike cylindrical, elongated, 6 and more
when old, the rachis villous ; bracts lanceolate, as long as the flower;
calyx silky- villous, teeth lanceolate; vexillum cordate; petals linear-
oblong, narrowed at the base and nearly white; legume inclosed in the
persistent calyx, gibbous, compressed, baity. Hall & Harbour, 105.
AMORPHA FRUTICOSA, L. On the plains, along the Platte, Coulter.
Pueblo County, Redlidd.
AMORPHA CANESCENS, Xutt. Plains, Porter.
ROBIN IA XEO-MEXICANA, Gr. PI. Thiirb., p. 314. Shrub 4-G- high ;
stipular prickles subrecurved, sharp and stout; leaflets elliptical or
oblong, i'-l' long; peduncles and the short, crowded racemes hispid
with straight glaiiduliferous hairs; calyx finely hispid, teeth subulate-
lanceolate; corolla rose-color ; pods glandular-hispid. Resembles in its
flowers E. rixeoxa. Cucharas River, Huerfauo County, Greene.
ASTRAGALUS CARYOCARPUS, Ker.Hall i(- Harbour, 132 and 133.
Brandegee. On the plains and in South Park, Porter.
ASTRAGALI'S MEXICANUS, A. DC.
ASTRAGALUS PLATTENSIS, Kutt. We have seen no specimens 01
this nor of the preceding species from Colorado, but from the range
ascribed to them by Dr. Gray in his Revision, Proe. Am. Acad.. vol. 6, p.
193, they doubtless exist there.
ASTRAGALUS MOLLISSUMUS, Torr. Ann.X. Y. Lye., 2, p. ITS. Perennial,
subacaulescent, shining with a soft silky-villous, often yellow, pubes-
cence ; peduncles long, scape like; spikes dense; flowers rather large,
violet; calyx tubular; pod cartilaginous, oblong, turgid, 5"-9" long,
very smooth, subdidymous, ovary also glabrous; stipules lanceolate,
free, cohering below the petiole; leaflets 11-14 pairs, ovate-oblong or
oval, V long, obtuse, but slightly inucronate. Hall c(* Harbour, 122.
On the plains, scarce, 'Dr. Bell.
ASTRAGALUS CANADENSIS-, L. At the base of the foot-hills and
along water-courses of the plains. B. H. Smith; Porter; Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS ADSURGENS, Pall. (A. stria-tux, Xutt.) Gray's Eer.
24 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
Proc. Am. Acad., 7, p. 197. Perennial, cinereous with minute appressed
pubescence, or glabrate; stems rather stout, 4'-18' high, ascending
or decumbent, sulcate as well as the peduncles; stipules scarious,
mostly united at base; leaflets 10 pairs, 6"-9" long, oblong, or linear-
oblong; peduncles long, stout, strict, strongly sulcate, ' often nearly
equaling the leaves; spike dense, at length oblong or cylindrical;
flowers purplish, medium-sized, ascending; calyx-tube rather long,
campanulate, twice longer than the setaceous teeth, subvillous with
light or dark hairs; pod coriaceous, pubescent, sessile, ascending,
ovate-oblong, 4"-5" long, straight, usually triangular-compressed, with
a dorsal sulcus and two-celled by the intruded dorsal suture, tnany-
ovuled. Hall & Harbour, 135; Canby ; Brandegee;' Porter. Plains of
the Platte, Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Red field.
ASTRAGALUS HYPOGLOTTIS, L. Gray's Rev. I. c., p. 197. Perennial,
with a rather loose pubescence ; steins 6'-2 long, slender, diffusely
procumbent or ascending; stipules subfoliaceous, and more or less
sheathing; leaflets 7-10 pairs, oblong, obtuse or retuse; heads few
to many-flowered; corolla violet, y long; legume ovate-triangular,
softly, silky-villous with white hairs, very shortly stipitate and but
2-8 seeded. Hall & Harbour, 139; Canly; B. H. Smith; Porter;
Brandegee. Common on the plains and in the mountains, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS BRANDEGEI, Porter (n. sj).) Cauescent with minute
appressed hairs; branching from a somewhat woody base, branches as-
surgent, 6' high ; leaflets in 5 rather distant pairs, linear, obtuse, in-
volute, glabrous above, G'MS" long ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate,
slightly aduate to the petioles; peduncles much longer than the leaves,
slender, erect ; flowers about 5, in a loose raceme, very small, lJ /7 -2 7/
long; calyx turbinate, hairy, tube a little shorter than the subulate
teeth ; corolla white or cream-color, tinged with purple, banner exceed-
ing the keel, reflexed ; pod hairy, turgid, obovoid, with a shallow dorsal
sulcus, 4"-7 // long, coriaceous, abruptly-pointed, short-stipitate, straight,
ascending, twice the length of the slender pedicel, 2-celled or nearly
so, many-seeded.
This new Astragalus, which belongs to Section 9, Micrcwihi, of Gray's
Revision, is allied to A. atratm, Watson. I have named it in honor of the
zealous collector from whom it was received. Banks of the Arkansas,
near Canon City, T. S. Brandegee, June 2G, 1873.
ASTRAGALUS DRUMMONDII. Dougl. Gr. Rev. I c., p. 200. Perennial,
softly-villous ; stem erect, 1-U high, stout, sulcate, very leafy;
leaflets 10-15 pairs, oblong and linear-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at
the base; stipules distinct, free, ovate, acuminate; peduncles longer
than the leaves, erect, spikes loosely-flowered ; flowers rather large,
white or ochroleucous, with the point of the keel purple-tinged, pendulous
and somewhat secund ; calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than the tube,
scarcely gibbous at base, pilose with blackish hairs ; pod very smooth,
stipitate, exserted from the calyx, pendulous, linear-oblong, coriaceous,
straight, terete-biventricose,with a narrow, very deep sulcus, completely
or incompletely divided by the intrusion of the dorsal suture. Hall &
Harbour, 124. Near Colorado Springs, Porter. Wet Mountain Valley,
Brandegee. Plains near Denver, Coulter. Ula, Wet Mountain Vallev,
Redfield,
ASTRAGALUS SCOPULORUM, Porter (n.sfj.) Pubescent with appressed
hairs; stems ascending, about 1 high, angled, branching; stipules
(especially the lower ones) somewhat coherent; leaflets 9-13 pairs,
obovate or oblong, abruptly short-pointed, glabrous above; peduncles
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 25
strict, erect, longer than the leaves, loosely many-flowered; bracts
scarious, subulate, longer than the pedicels; flowers yellow or ochroleu-
cous, re flexed; corolla rather large, 9" long; calyx gibbous at base,
pilose with blackish hairs, the subulate teeth scarce half as long as the
cylindrical tube; pod over I 7 in length, stipitate, exserted from the calyx,
pendulous, oblong, becoming arcuate with age, sharply 3-angled, cbart-
aceous, the dorsal suture salient, with an acute sulcus on each side, in-
truded half way to the ventral. This species must be referred to Sect.
11, Ga1egiforme8,of Gray's Revision, and seems in many respectsto fill an
intermediate position between A. Drummondii and A. racemoswi. South
Park, July 24, 1872, Porter. Wet Mountain Valley, 1873, Brandegee, in
flower and fruit.
ASTRAGALUS RACEMOSUS, Pursh. Gr. Rev. 1. e., p. 200. Appressed-
pubescent or glabrate ; stem l-2 high, rather stout, somewhat silicate,
very leafy; stipules distinct, free; leaflets in about 10 pairs, elliptical-
oblong or oval, obtuse, mucronate, 6" -8" long; peduncles about the
length of the leaves, loosely many-flowered; flowers nodding and
somewhat secund; calyx strongly gibbous at base, whitish-puberuleut,
the setaceous teeth slightly shorter than the tube, equaling the stipe ;
pod lance-oblong, 1' long* three-angled, not 2-celled, cross section
somewhat equally tri-radiate, very smooth. Leaflets glabrous above.
Hall c(- Harbour i 113. Wet Mountain Valley, Braudegee.
ASTRAGALUS GRACILIS, 2sutt. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 202. Erect, slender,
pubescent; stems virgate, 1 high or more from a very long, sweet
root; leaflets very narrowly linear, almost filiform, 7 // -10 // long, obtuse
orretuse, OtoSpairs: lower stipules somewhat united, the rest distinct:
raceme spike-like, many-flowered, long-peduncled. virgate ; flowers 3"
long, pale purple, recur ved-spreading; pods spreading, 2 // -3 // long,
coriaceous, strongly concave on the back, white hairy, at length glabrous,
transversely rugose-veined, elliptic-ovate, 1-celled, ventral suture thick
and subacute. Plains of Eastern Colorado, Dr. Bell.
ASTRAGALI^ MiCROLOBUS, Gr. Rec. I. c., p. 203. (A gracilix, Ton*,
in Ann. X. Y. Lye., p. 179.) Cinereous-pubescent ; stems erect and
ascending, about 1 high ; leaflets linear or oblong-linear, emarginate,
4 // -6 // long; racemes rather short and usually loosely flowered; flowers
deep purple, 4" long ; pods re flexed, thick, cartilaginous, puberuleut,
finely rugulose, turgid, a little flattened on the back, the ventral suture
very thick. Hall & Harbour, 119; Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS ABORIGIXUM, Richards. Gr. Rer. 1. c., p. 208. Perennial
hoary-pubescent or subvillous ; steins numerous, rigid, ascending, J-
1 high ; stipules triangular, for the most part free ; leaflets 3-6
pairs, linear or oblong-lanceolate, acute ; peduncles exceeding the
leaves; flowers small (3 // -5 // long) in a compact raceme, white or
tinged with violet; calyx-teeth filiform-subulate, a little snorter than
the tube; legume loug-stipitate, reflexed, somewhat membranous,
glabrous, laterally subcompressed, (cross-section oval,) straight dorsally,
the ventral suture arcuate, 1-celled with a very narrow rudimentary
septum on the dorsal side, 10-15-ovuled. Xot seen by us, but re-
ported from the Rocky Mountains of Colorado by Watson in King's
Rep., vol. 5, p. 70.
ASTRAGALUS IODASTHUS, Watson. Kin(f* Rep., v. 5. p. 70. Peren-
nial, canescent with an appressed hairy pubescence, or nearly glabrous:
stems decumbent, G'-IO' long; stipules ovate-lanceolate, free or some-
what adnate to the petiole; leaflets G-10 pairs. 2 // -5 // long, obovate or
orbicular, obtuse ; peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves; spikes
26
oblon
subfa
other]
Harbour, 110. South Park, Port
ASTRAGALUS OROBOIDES, Hornem., var.. AMERICANUS., Gr. Her.
1. c., p. 205. Subcinereous-puberulent ; stems suberect. 1-1 J high ;
leaflets 5-7 pairs, oblong and oval, or often linear-oblong, scarcely
retuse; flowers 3"-4" long, violet or deep purple, tbe wings exceed-
ing the keel ; pod 5"-G" long, 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx,
moderately sulcate, few-seeded; stipe very short. Hall & Harbour,
117. "Along the bank of streams, at middle elevations and subalpiue.*'
Mt. Lincoln at 12,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS ALPLNUS, L. Alpine and subalpine. Hall <fc Harb cur
125 ; Dr. Smith ; Brandegee. South Park, Porter. Mt. Lincoln at 13,000
feet altitude, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS SPARSIFLORUS, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 205. Slightly ap-
pressed-pilose or glabrate; stems 1 or more in length with many slen-
der branches, diffuse; stipules triangular-subulate, distinct; leaflets
4-0 pairs, obovate or subrounded, often emarginate, 2"-3 // long ;
peduncles scarcely exceeding the leaves, 3-10 flowered ; flowers 3"
long, bluish-white, the emargiuate or bifid banner and the wings much
exceeding the incurved keel; calyx-teeth equaling the tube; ovary 8-
12-ovuled, short-stipitate ; pod, 3"-0" long, coriaceous, oblong, in-
curved, pubescent with short hairs, mottled, 2-celled to the middle,
very short stipitate, ventral suture acute. Hall tl* Harbour, 128. Oak
Creek, Fremont County, Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS LOTIFLORUS, Hook. Gr. Rev. L c., p. 208. Hoary or
cinereous with appressed hairs ; stems very short ; leaves lance-ob-
long ; peduncles exceeding the leaves or very short ; heads few-flow-
ered ; flowers yellowish ; calyx-teeth subulate, exceeding the tube ; pod
about V long, oblong-ovate, inflated, sub canescent, the cross-section
obovate, retuse or usually broadly obcordate toward the base. Hall it*
Harbour, 131. Near Denver, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS PUBENTISSIMUS, T. & G. Gr. Rt\\ I. c., p. 209. Dwarf,
hirsute-canescent with a loose pubescence, many-stemmed from an
annual or biennial root ; leaflets oblong or obovate"; flowers few, rather
small, purplish- white, subracemose upon a short peduncle, calyx-teeth
equaling the campanulate tube ; pod villous, 9"-10" long, inflated,
membranaceous, ovate-lunate, strongly incurved, sulcate on the back
with a slight introflexion of the suture. " Colorado Territory, near the
sources of the Colorado of the West. Found only by Xuttali."
ASTRAGALUS MISSOURIENSIS, Nutt. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 210. Subcanles-
cent, hoary-silky with a short, very closely appressed pubescence ; usu-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 2T
ally prostrate or matted; peduncles scape-like, eapitately few flowered
or spieately H-14 flowered; calyx-teeth about halt' shorter than the
cylindrical tube; leaflets 5-10 pairs, elliptical and obovate-elliptical ;
corolla bright violet (or rarely white;) pod thick, coriaceous, ohcom-
pressed, nearly straight, about 1' long:, blackish, elliptic, transversely
rngulose. Hall & Harbour. 127. Purgatory River, I)r. Bell. Canon
City, Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS SHORTIANUS, Nutt. Gr. Rer. 1. c., p. 210. Usually sub-
acanlescent, silky-canescent with a very closely ai)pressed pubescence ;
leaflets obovate or ovate, 7"-10" long; peduncles scape-like few
many-flowered, commonly shorter than the leaves; calyx 6" long, cyl-
indric, teeth shorter than the tube ; corolla violet or blue, rather large
and showy; pod l'-2' long, ovate or ovate lanceolate, thick, coriaceous,
obcompressed, intruded dorsal suture approaching the ventral, not
-celled, transversely mgnlose, pointed and strongly arcuate, thick, more
or less pubescent. Hall & Harbour, 120 (A. cyane-uft,Gr.;) Brandegee.
Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS PARRYI, Gr. Rer. L c., p. 211. Stem short, prostrate,
villons with loose spreading hairs; leaflets 7-13 pairs, obovate or
oblong, 3"-9" long; peduncles rather short : flowers 6-10, loosely sub-
capitate, G^-IO" long, whitish or yellowish, the keel tinged with pur-
ple ; calyx-teeth half shorter than the cylindric tube; pod pubescent,
oblong-lanceolate, 1' longer or more, arched or at length em-mate, ob^
compressed, rugulose, both sutures sulcately impressed, contiguous,
Hull & Harbour, 123; Brandegee. Near Denver, Coulter. Specimens
from Brandegee have the assnrgent stems tVom 8'-10' long. with 2-3
peduncles from the axils of the leaves.
ASTRAGALUS TRIFLORUS, Gr. Rev. L c. r p. 214. Annual, cinereous-
pubescent, very much branched from the base, brandies ascending,
t> / -12 / high; stipules acuminate, slightly adhering at base; leaflets
5-7 pairs, oblong or linear-oblong often truncate at the apex and retuse.
4'/_g" long; peduncles in fruit, exceeding the leaves; flowers 3-15,
ochroleucous, tinged with purple, small, about 3" long; calyx-teeth
subulate, equaling the tube; pod sessile or on a short pedicel, mem-
branous, inflated, oval, obtuse or acutish 7 // -12 // long, finely reticulated,
pubescent, neither suture inflexed, dorsal snlcas deep and narrow,
many-seeded. Canon City, Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS PICTUS, Gr. Rev. L c., p. 2U. Root filiform ; hoary
with a loose silky pubesceuce; stipules rigid, persistent, connate; leaflets
3-7 pairs, narrowly line-ir or filiform, G"-18" long, most of them usually
abortive; flowers few, rather small: keel with the iuflexed apex some-
what produced, pale rose-colored ; pod G"-1S" long, mottled with pur-
ple blotches, ovoid, short stipitate, stipe equaling the calyx, scarcely
point* (1, pendent.
Yar. FILIFOLIUS, Gr. /. c., p. 215. (A. JiUfolius. Gr.) Leaves usually
imperfect; leaflets very few, mostly attenuated, I'-li' long, terminal
one, or the filiform rachis produced, persistent; legume I'-IJ 7 . On
the plains. Hall & Harbour, 138. Denver and Colorado Spriiigs,~Porte?\
ASTRAGALUS FRIGIDUS, Gr. Rev. L <% p. 219. Subglabrous, erect,
l-2 high; stipules ovate-oblong, membranous, hairy; leaflets 7-9
pairs, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, green ; peduncles equaling the
leaves; calyx- teeth short; corolla white; pod oblong, acute at each end,
black-hairy or glabrous, 1-celled, the stipe equaling or exceeding the
calyx. a Subalpiue, in wet pine woods." Hall d Harbour, 137.
ASTRAGALUS LONCHOCARPUS, T. & G. Gr. Rev. 1. e., p. 219. (Phaca
28 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLOKA OF COLORADO.
macrocarpa, Gr. PI. Fendl., p. 36.) Ashy-puberulent, glabrate, perennial;
stem fistulous, sulcate, branched, 2 long; stipules distinct, small;
leaflets 1-5, linear or filiform-linear, remote, the leaf sometimes reduced
to the flattened filiform rachis; racemes loosely many-flowered, on
long, strict, stontish peduncles; bracts one-half shorter than the pedi-
cels ; flowers white, pendent ; calyx-teeth broad-subulate, much shorter
than the tube; pod membranous, lanceolate-cylindrical, straight, I'-IJ'
long, very sharply acuminate at each end, exsertly stipitate, glabrous,
neither suture intruded. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS LEPTALEUS, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 220. Nearly glabrous,
stem slender, ascending, a span high; stipules long-subulate, sub con-
nate at base; leaflets 7-11 pairs, lance-linear or oblong, often acute;
peduncles 2-4 flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx with short,
black hairs, the campanulate tube slightly exceeding the subulate teeth,
about equaling the pedicel and subulate bract; corolla 4" long, white,
the emargiuate banner a third longer than the violet-tipped keel ; pod
ovate or oval, 4" long, puberulent, chartaceous. Hall ct* Harbour, 141 ;
Brandegee. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS BISULCATUS, Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 221. Perennial, strig-
ulose-puberulent ; stein erect, over 1 high, stout ; stipules distinct, free;
leaflets oblong, often narrow, the lowest near the stem ; flowers violet,
in dense, spike-like racemes, middle sized, pendent or spreading, keel
nearly straight ; calyx-teeth setaceous, scarcely shorter than the cam-
panulate tube ; pod coriaceous, ' long, shortly exsert-stipitate, straight,
oblong, semi-cylindric, the deeply concave ventral surface- divided by
the salient, obtuse suture. Hall & Harbour, 130. Platte River, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS PECTINATUS, Dougl. Gr.Rev. I c., p. 221. Perennial, 1
high; stem and leaves rather rigid, ashy-puberulent, glabrate; branches
striate, angled; leaflets 4-10 pairs, nearly filiform, not jointed to the
rachis, persistent ; lower stipules connate ; flowers nearly I 7 long, white,
many, in a rather short raceme; keel nearly straight, banner elongated;
pod thick, cartilaginous, subovate or oblong, turgid, sessile or short- ped-
iceled, neither suture intruded, but both thick and prominent, 6" long,
pendulous, glabrous, cuspidate. Hall & Harbour. 134; Canby ; Dr.
Bell.
ASTRAGALUS FENDLERI, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 224. Perennial, glab-
rous, or appressed-puberuleut, erect, over 1 high ; leaflets oblong or
linear-oblong; racemes long-peduncled, loosely flowered ; flowers pur-
ple ; pod oval, inflated, chartaceous-coriaceous, about I' long, straight,
pointed, minutely puberulent, very shortly stipitate. In New Mexico
and Colorado according to Gray's Revision, but not seen by us.
ASTRAGALUS HALLII, Gr. Rev. l. c., p. 224. Subcinereous-pub-
escent, glabrate; stems rather stout, ascending; stipules subulate ; leaf-
lets 9-12 pairs, narrow, oblong, 4 // -7 // long, subcuneate, retuse; pedun-
cles exceeding the leaves; flowers violet, 20 or more in a dense head-
like raceme; calyx dark- pubescent, broad-campanulate, very gibbous
at base, 3" long, the rather obtuse, broad teeth, 3-4 times shorter than
the tube ; pod oblong, inflated, 1"-W long, glabrous, straight, pointed,
chartaceous-coriaceous ; stipe, 1" long. Hall & Harbour, 121 ; Canby.
Twin Lakes, Coulter. South Park, Porter.
ASTRAGALUS FLEXUOSUS, Dougl. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 224. Ashy-pube-
rulent; stems ascending, 1 high, flexuose; leaflets oblong or cuneate-
linear, obtuse or retuse; peduncles exceeding the leaves; racemes
mostly elongated, loose ; flowers 4" long, white or purplish ; calyx hoary.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 29
pubescent, teeth 3 times shorter than the tube ; pod cylindric, 8"-ll"
long, 2" broad, puberulent, thinly coriaceous, straight or sub-incurved ;
stipe very short but evident. Common at middle elevations. Hall &
Harbour j 11^ -j Dr. Smith; Canby ; Porter; B. H. Smith : Brandegee ;
Median; Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS MULTIFLORUS, Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 226. (A. nigrescens,
Gr.) Perennial, somewhat glabrous; stems 1 high, numerous, ascending,
branched; stipules dark-colored, the lower ones at least sheathing ^
leaflets 6-10 pairs, 3"-6" long, linear or narrowly oblong, acute or ob-
tuse; peduncles not exceeding the leaves, loosely few-flowered ; flow-
ers ochroleucous, tinged with purple, small, 2 // -3 // long, the campanu-
late calyx-tube rather longer than the setaceous teeth, and about equa-
ling the stipe ; pod vetch-shaped, flattened or compressed, straight, mar-
gined by the nerve-like sutures, 4 // -6 // long, reflexed, 1-celled, 2-4-seeded.
Hall & Harbour, 115. South Park, Porter. Sierra Madre Bange,
Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS CAMPESTRIS, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 229. Perennial, mi-
nutely pubescent or glabrate; stems 3'-15' high, numerous, ascend-
ing, slender, simple ; stipules, at least the lower ones, membranous and
sheathing, large, acuminate; leaflets 5-9 pairs, 3"-15" long, linear,
linear-lanceolate or oblong, usually acute ; peduncles slender, exceeding
the leaves, 5-10-flowered, flowers sub capitate or scattered, 4" long,
ochroleucous, tinged with purple, the keel with a purple, long and nar-
row inflexed tip; pod 6 // -12 // long, chartaceous, not stipitate, sub-
puberulent, subco in pressed, oblong-linear, nearly straight, valves sub-
turgid, the pedicels at length reflexed, 1-celled, 10-15-ovuled. Meehan.
Ute Pass, and on the Upper Arkansas, Porter. Mount Lincoln, Coulter,
ASTRAGALUS DECU^IBEXS, Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 229. (Homalobus de-
eumbens, Xutt .) Cinereous or silky-pubescent ; stems diffuse or ascend-
ing, 6'-10' high; petioles sometimes somewhat flattened, mostly with
7-13 linear-lanceolate, acute leaflets ; racemes 5-10-flowered; calyx-teeth
attenuate, a little shorter than the tube ; corolla 4"-4J" long, ochro-
leucous or purplish; keel with a short, inflexed tip; pod broad-linear,
straight or falcate, about V long, hoary-puberulent. Hall d* Harbour,
142. Idaho Springs, Redfield.
ASTRAGALUS DIVERSIFOLIUS, Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 230. Ashy-strig-
ulose; stems diffuse, decumbent, elongated, about 1 high; petioles
short, flattened, 1-5 foliolate ; terminal leaflet or simple leaf linear,
elongated, l'-2', attenuated at each end; peduncle 1-5-flowered; calyx-
teeth half shorter than the tube ; corolla ochroleucous or lurid, keel
falcate-incurved ; legume oblong-linear, straight or subfalcate, f long,
canescent-puberuleut. " Gravelly plains of Colorado on both sides of
the Rocky Mountains,' 7 Gratfs Revision.
ASTRAGALUS JUNCEUS, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 230. Perennial, minutely
pubescent or subglabrous ; stems usually solitary, erect, paniculately-
branched, slender ; stipules small ; petioles slender, sometimes 6' long,
usually naked or with 1-5 pairs of linear leaflets; peduncles longer than
the leaves, 3-7-flowered; flowers 4" long, distant, ochroleucous or tinged
with violet; calyx- teeth usually small and obtuse, shorter than the cam-
paimlate tube; pod I'-IJ' long, as in the last species, with which it is
probably identical. u On the head- waters of the Colorado of the West,"
Parry.
ASTRAGALUS SIMPLICIFOLIUS, Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 231. (Pliaca sim-
plicifolia, Xutt.) Perennial, c^spitose, in dense, cushioned mats ; leaves
"-5" long, hoary with an appresse 1 silky pubescence, simple, linear or
30 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
spatulate-lanceolate, acute, frequently involute, crowding the extremities
of the usually short (') branches ; scapes scarcely exceeding the leaves,
2-3-flowered; flowers" 3" long, purple, the banner and the wings longer
than the strongly arphed keel ; calyx- teeth nearly equaling the obconical
tube ; legume 4" long, half included in the calyx, oblong, acute, sub-
compressed, glabrous, thick and coriaceous, 1-celled, the ventral suture
straight and very acute, the dorsal gibbous, about 12-ovuled. "Found
by Nuttall near the sources of the Platte."
ASTRAGALUS KENTROPHYTA, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 231. Perennial,
intricately branched from a long root, broadly-depressed-crespitose,
hoary with a short, silky pubescence ; stems 2'-4' long ; stipules mem-
branous, mostly connate, often setaceously or spinosely acuminate ; leaf-
lets 2-3 pairs, 2 // -4 // long, linear- subulate, usually rigid and divaricate,
pungent, not jointed with the rachis ; flowers 1-3, on short pedicels in the
axils of the leaves, 2" long, ochroleucous or tinged with violet ; calyx-teeth
setaceous, equaling the cainpanulate tube; pods 2 // -3" long, sub-charta-
ceous, compressed, sessile, pubescent, ovate, acuminate, somewhat in-
curved, 1-celled, 3-4-ovuled, 1-2-seeded, the valves separating at matur-
ity. Hall & Harbour, 10G; .Cariby; B. H. Smith. South Park, Porter ;
Brandegee.
ASTRAGALUS TRIDACTYLICUS, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad., v. 6, p. 527. Pe-
rennial, ca3spitose from a short woody caudex, dwarf, 2 / -3 / high, silvery-
silky ; leaves pinnately 3- foliate, long-petioled, exceeding the sessile,
crowded flowers ; leaflets oblanceolate, G" long, acute ; flowers 5" long,
pale purple ; calyx-teeth equaling the tube ; pod globose, ovoid, 3"-4"
long, very turgid, puberulent, 12-ovuled, 3-4-seeded ; calyx deciduous,
exposing the pod. St. Train Canon, May 26, Coulter.
ASTRAGALUS SERICOLEUCUS, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 232. Very broadly
caespitose, silky-hoary ; stems branched, prostrate ; branches covered
with the villous stipules; leaves all 3-foliolate, not equaling the 2-G-flow-
ered, filiform peduncles ; leaflets 3" long, oblanceolate or ctineate-obloiig ;
calyx-teeth about equaling the cainpanulate tube; corolla purple, 3"-4"
long; pod ovate-oblong, 3" long, hoary, half included in the calyx.
Sand-hills along the Platte, Hall & Harbour, 145.
OXYTROPIS MULTICEPS, Nutt. Canescently-silky, I'-S'-high ; stems
matted crespitose, from a branching caudex ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, oval, 3"
long; flowers purple, 6" long; fruiting calyx inflated, globose, including
the ovate, chartaceous-membranous pod; pod short-stipitate, sometimes
half 2-celled by the intrusion of the ventral suture. " Subalpine and
lower." Hall & Harbour, 144; Parry, 191. Boulder Canon, Coulter.
OXYTROPIS URALENSIS, L., var. PUMILA, Ledeb. Acaulescent, silky-
villous; leaflets 4-5 pairs, conjugate, 3" long, oblong-linear, re volute;
stipules long-adnate; scapes l'-2' long, 2-5-flowered; flowers violet-
blue; pod oval-oblong or long-oblong, ventral septum extending to the
dorsal suture. High alpine. (0. arctica, R. Br.,) Hall & Harbour, 143.
Mount Lincoln at 14,000 feet elevation, Coulter.
OXYTROPIS CAMPESTRIS, L. Parry.
OXYTROPIS LAMBERTI, Pursh. Very abundant on the plains and in
the mountains. Hall & Harbour, 140; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Ccuiby ;
Meelian ; Porter ; Brandegee ; Coulter.
OXYTROPIS NANA, Kutt. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. G, p. 23G. Ciespitose,
much divided, silky-canescent with a very close, appressed jjubescence ;
leaves very crowded; leaflets 3-4 pairs, obovate, 3" long; scapes 2 / -3 /
high, scarcely exceeding the leaves, 3-12-flowered ; flowers capitate,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLOKALO. 31
rather large, bine ; pod oblong, somewhat falcate, hairy, the ventral sep-
tum extending to the dorsal suture, 6-8-seeded. Northern Colorado,
on the authority of Xuttall. The characters of the fruit are drawn from
specimens collected by Mr. Coulter in 1872 on Henry's Fork of Snake
Eiver.
OXYTKOPIS SPLEXDENS, Dougl. Acaulescent, silvery, silky-villons
throughout, C / -12 / high; leaflets somewhat verticillate, 3-6 together,
very numerous, lanceolate, very acute, usually 5"-10" long; flowers
in an oblong spike, erect, spreading, usually deep blue; peduncles ex-
ceeding the leaves; flowers not much surpassing the calyx; pod ovate,
erect. Hall ' d' Harbour, 135; Parry; Canby ; Porter; Brandegee. St.
Train Canon and South Park, Coulter.
OXYTROPIS DEFLEXA, DC. Caulescent or subacaulescent ; more or
less silky- villous; stems ascending, 6'-9' long, leaflets ovate-lanceo-
late, 14-17 pairs; peduncles very much elongated, scape-like; upper
stipules, at least, aduate at the base, large, lanceolate, acuminate ; flowers
bright blue, about 4" long, rather small, with a short calyx-tube, spread-
ing, spicate or capitate; pods oblong, straight, pointed, 6"-9" long, pu-
bescent, usually reflexed. Middle elevations. Rail & Harbour, 120;
Parry, 433; Canby; Meehan. South Park, Porter; Brandegee. Twin
Lakes and Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
Var. (?) Villous with spreading hairs, dwarf, acaulescent; leaves, in-
cluding the petiole, !'; leaflets in about 11 pairs, ovate, 2 // -3 // long;
peduncles 2' long; flowers 6-8, capitate; fruit not seen. Horse Shoe
Mountains, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SOPHORA 1 SERICEA, Pursh. Herbaceous, low, 6'-12' high, more or
less silky-canescent; stems ascending or decumbent, branching from the
base ; leaflets about 21, elliptic or cuneate-oval, 2 // -3 // long ; racemes
terminal, short, at first scarce exserted beyond the leaves, short, l'-2'
long, peduncled; calyx gibbous at base, longer than the pedicels, cam-
panulate, 5-toothed, teeth obtuse half the length of the tube; corolla
4" long, banner reflexed, petals of the keel nearly distinct, acuminate,
inucrouate. Hall & Harbour, 146; Dr. Smith. Abundant on the plains
around Denver, Porter. Ute Pass and Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
Lower branches elongated and far exceeding the fruiting racemes.
Colorado Springs, Redjiehl.
GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDOTA, Xutt. Hall d; Harbour, 147 ; B. H. Smith;
Porter. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
HEDYSAKU3I MACKENZii, Richards. Stems 2 high, sub-erect, mi-
nutely pubescent, simple or branched ; stipules, at least the lower ones,
connate ; leaflets 5-8 (usually 5) pairs, caneseently pubescent, oblong
or lanceolate, nearly glabrous above; racemes loosely 7-30-flowered,
elongating in fruit; flowers large, G"-9" long, light purple, keel ex-
ceeding the banner and wings ; calyx-teeth subulate, about the length of
the tube ; legume 2-4-jointed, minutely pubescent. Canon. City, Bran-
degee. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
Linn. Calyx broadly-campanulate, obliquely truncate or somewhat 5-
toothed at the summit, often somewhat turbinate or obconic at the hast-. Vexillimi
obovate or roundish, about the length of the other petals ; keel obtuse, nearly straight,
the petals somewhat united below the apex. Ovary nearly sessile, linear: ovules
numerous ; style nearly straight or incurved ; stigma minute. Legume moniliform,
indehiscent, (dry or fleshy,) not winged. Radicle usually indexed or incurved.
Trees. shrubs, or sometimes herbaceous plants, withunequallypinnate leaves. Stipules
subulate or none. Racemes axillary or terminal, sometimes paniculate. Bracts sub-
ulate, minute, often caducous. T. tjr G. FL X. Am.
32 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
YICIA AMERICANA, Muhl. Common along nioun tain streams. Porter;
Coulter.
VICIA TRUNCATA, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1, p. 270. Somewhat
pubescent. Stem l-2 high ; leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong-linear, usually
truncate-serrate or tridentate at the apex, apiculate, about I 7 long, l"-2"
wide ; stipules lunate, incisely-serrate ; peduncles 4-7-flowered, rather
shorter than the leaves ; lower teeth of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate,
upper ones very short ; style villous at the apex ; legume 1' or more long.
Our plant varies from NuttalPs description only in the shorter and broader
leaflets ; flowers 9" long. Canon City, Brandegee.
VICIA MICRANTHA, Nutt. Glabrous, stam 2-3 long, strongly
angled, climbing; leaflets 6-12, 6"-9" long, 2" wide, oblong-elliptical,
obovate or linear-oblong, obtuse or emargiuate, mucronate ; stipules sub-
ulate and simple or semi-sagittate, small ; peduncle about 2-flowered, at
iirst much shorter than the leaves: flowers small, rarely solitary, pale r
blue at the tip; calyx hairy, teeth subulate, shorter than the tube;
legume f long, 3" wide, saber-shaped, glabrous, 5-6-seeded ; seeds com-
pressed, dark brown. Canon City, Brandegee. Golden City, Greene.
LATHYRUS ORNATUS, Nutt. Erect, glabrous, often glaucous ; stem,
6'-l high, sometimes branched, quadrangular ; leaflets 3-4 pairs,
lanceolate-linear, acute, mucronate, rigid and strongly veined, tendrils
scarcely any ; stipules linear-lanceolate and slender, semi-sagittate, en-
tire ; peduncles about 4-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers large,
purple, V long, very showy calyx- teeth subulate, slightly unequal,
rather shorter than the tube ; pod smooth, flat, acuminate at each end*
Hall & Harbour, 109. On the plains.
LATHYRUS LINEARIS, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, low ; stem decumbent,,
slender, angled; leaves nearly sessile; leaflets 5-6 pairs, narrowly-
linear, 8" 12" long, y'\." wide, mostly obtuse, apiculate, rigid .; tendril
short, simple or bifid ; stipules small, lanceolate, semi-sagittate, laciniate
with 2-5 very sharp, slender teeth ; peduncles 3-4-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; flowers rather large, pale-purple ; segments of the calyx
triangular, shorter than the tubes ; legume attenuate at each end. Hall
& Harbour , 110. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
LATHYRUS POLYMORPHUS, Kutt. Mostly glabrous; stem erect, a
little woody at the base, much branched, a little quadrangular, about 1
high; leaflets 2-5 pairs, elliptical-lanceolate, somewhat glaucous, rigid,
strongly veined, petioles terminated by a small bristle ; stipules lanceolate,
subfalcate, semi-sagittate at base ; peduncles 3-5-flowered, rather shorter
than the leaves ; flowers large, purple ; segments of the calyx broadly
or narrowly subulate, somewhat unequal, shorter than the tube; legume
large, glabrous. Hall & Harbour, 111. Sierra Madre Eange, Coulter.
LATHYRUS PUBESCENS, Nutt. (?) (L. venosus, Muhl., var. d.f Torr.
& Gr. Fl.N.Am.Z, p. 174. " Smaller, finely pubescent ; leaflets 3-5 pairs,
ovate-elliptical, smaller; stipules linear-lanceolate ; peduncles 5-7-tiow-
ered.") A. Lathy r us collected by Mr. Brandegee, on Newlan Creek, S.
Colorado, June 13, 1873, accords in the main with the variety or species
described above. Its characters are: Erect, l-2 high, softly and
finely pubescent throughout; leaflets 3-5 pairs, ovate, mucronate,
strongly veined; tendrils simple or bifid; stipules semi-sagittate, much
smaller than the leaflets; peduncles shorter than the leaves, and bear-
ing 2 rather small, white flowers. Legumes not seen.
LATHYRUS PALUSTRIS, L. Gratfs Manual, p, 139. Hall & Harbour,
112. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Canon City, Brandegee.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 33
HOFFM ANSEGGiA 1 JAMES!!, T. & G. Fl. N. Am.} p. 393. Canescently-
pubescent ;. low, much branched from a shrubby base; stipul s .subu-
late, entire; pinnae 5, abruptly 10-16 foliolate; leaflets oval, obtuse at
both ends, nearly glabrous above ; racemes elongated, opposite the
leaves ; flowers nodding or reflexed, rather large ; calyx a little oblique,
the four upper segments lanceolate, acute, all meuibranaceous, at length
deciduous from the persistent base ; petals not glandular at the base,
the upper one smallest, marked with reddish spots; filaments declined,
hairy below, all fertile ; style subulate, dilated above and somewhat
gibbous at the apex; legumes about 1' long, broadly oblong, more or
less lunate, scabrous, flat, 2-3 seeded, sprinkled, as well as the leaves,
calyx, and petals, with sessile black glands. On the plains of Eastern
Colorado, Dr. Bell,
HOFFMANSEGGIA DREPANQCARPA, Gr. PI. Wright, 1, p. 58. Mi-
iiutely cinereous-puberuleut, wholly destitute of glands ; stems nu-
merous, l'-8' high, springing from a thick, ligneous root 6'- 8' deep;
stipules and bracts ovate-acute, caducous 1 ; pinnae 3-5 pairs, besides
the terminal one ; leaflets 7-10 pairs, about 3" long, crowded, subfal-
cate, nerveless ; racemes loose-flowered, elongated, on long, slender,
axillary peduncles; calyx 3" long, persistent, its divisions oblong-lan-
ceolate, obtuse or acutish ; petals yellow, a little longer than tbe calyx,
broadly obovate, very obtuse, nearly alike, without claws, naked and
glabrous ; filaments equal, antlieriferous, villous-barbate below the
middle ; ovary smooth ; pod broad-linear or oblong, very obtuse at each
end, strongly falcate, flat, li'-U' long, following the strong curvature,
3"-o f/ wide, of exactly the same width throughout, glabrous or minutely
puberulent under a lens, 9-10-seeded ; valves chartaceous, finely reticu-
lated, transversely impressed between theseeds. Canon City. Brandeyee.
CASSIA CILUI.ECRISTA, L. Xear Denver, Porter.
SCHRASKIA USCIXATA, Willd. On the plains, Porter.
ROSACE/E.
PRUNUS AMERICANA, Marsh. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
PRUXUS CHICASA, MX. ? Canon City, Brandegee .
PRUNUS PEXXSYLVAXICA, L. Hall & Harbour, 148 : Porter.
PRUNUS YIRGIXIAXA, L. Hall & Harbour ; Brandegee ; B. H. Smith.
South Park and Mountain of the Holy Cross, Coulter.
SPIRJEA OPULIFOLIA, L. Meehan. Platte River, Coulter.
Var. PARYIFOLIA, Gr. Much smaller in all its parts. Hall & Har-
bour, 150; Brandegee.
SPIR^A DUUOSA, Xutt. (S. arucfolia, Smith, var. discolor, T. & G.) A
branching shrub, 2 -5 high; leaves broadly ovate, cuneate and
petioled, obtuse, sublobate and dentate, scarcely mucronate, paler and
sericeous beneath, smoother or nearly glabrous above, 6"-ll!" long :
flowers numerous, in more or less branched terminal panicles; branches
1 HOFFMAXSKGGIA, Ciiv. Sepals 5, united into a short, obcouic base, somewhat
equal. Petals 5, obovate, on short claws, somewhat unequal, spreading, the upper one
concave, one or more of them often glandular at base. Stamens 10 ; filaments i:
hairy or glandular, and thickened or dilated towards the base, nearly equal : antlu-i's
oval, nearly uniform. Style as long as tin- stamens, somewhat thickened towards ihe
apex. Legume oblong or linear, often falcate, compressed, dry, ->-valved. ^-10-serdt.-<l.
Low, perennial herbs, or suffrutesceut plants, often dotted with blaek glands. 1 ..
abruptly or unequally bipiimate. Racemes opposite the leaves ; flowers yellow. Glands
either sessile or pedicellate. T. f G. FL X. Am.
3 F C
34 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
and calyx tomentose-pubescent ; calyx-segments ovate, spreading; car-
pels hirsute. Abundant in mountain ravines at middle elevations.
Hall & Harbour, 149 ; Parry; Canby ; B. H. Smith ; Meehan. Ute Pass,
Coulter.
EUBUS NUTKANUS, Mo. Bare, Parry. Near Long's Peak, Coulter.
EUBUS DELICIOSUS, Torr. Ann. N. T. Lye., 2, p. 196. Shrub, 3-4
high, branched ; branches, young leaves and calyx tomeutose-pubes-
cenfc or puberulent, not glandular; leaves reniforni-orbicuJar, rugose,
lJ'-2' in diameter, more or less 3-5 lobed, finely serrate-toothed;
stipules lanceolate, scarious, persistent; peduncle 1-7 flowered ; flowers
2' in diameter; sepals oval-oblong, with a dilated acurnination, shorter
than the oblong, white petals; fruit large, smooth, purplish, flavor not
agreeable to the human palate, but prized by bears. Hall & Harbour,
103 ; Parry, 210. Chiann Canon and Glen Eyrie, Porter. Clear Creek
Canon, Coulter.
EUBUS TRIFLORUS, Eichards. Hall & Harbour, 164. Bear Creek,
Coulter.
EUBUS STRIGOSUS, Michx. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Chiauu Canon,
Porter.
PURSHIA 1 TRIDENTATA, DO. Shrub, 2-4 Q high; stipules minute;
leaves 3' '-12" long ; calyx-lobes ovate,, obtuse; petals obovate, exceed-
ing the calyx, 3"-5" long; fruit 6 7/ long, tardily dehiscent, 2-valved. Rare.
Parry; Meehan. Mountain of the Holy Cross, Coulter.
CERCOCARPUS 2 PARVIFOLIUS, Nutt. Shrub 2-10 Q high, branching
from the ground; leaves 6"-8" long,, cuneiform-obovate, silky-pubes-
cent or nearly glabrous above, toineutose-canescent beneath, serrately-
toothed towards the apex, strongly nerved ; flowers solitary or 2-4
together on slender pedicels ; calyx-Jube becoming y in length ; tail ot
the fruit 4" long, densely plumose. Hall & Harbour, 165 ; Dr. Smith ;
B. H. Smith* At the base of the foot-hills and extending into the mount-
ains, Porter.
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA, L. Colorado Springs, Eed field.
DRYAS OOTOPETALA, L. Low, suffruteseeut ; leaves oblong-ovate,
coarsely crenate-toothed, obtuse at each end, clothed with a white to-
rn entum, beneath, the veins prominent, the margins revolute; stipules
aduate to the petiole; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered ; sepals linear;
flowers white or yellowish. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 153 ; Hoopes.
1 PURSHIA, DO. Calyx persistent, tubular- infundibuliform, imbricately 5 -lobed.
Petals white, unguiculate. Stamens 10-25, in one series, with free filiform filaments
and large anthers. Carpels 1-2, free ; style short, curved, persistent, stigmatose at the
top and on one side ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit coriaceous, ovate-oblong, pubescent,
sessile, exceeding the calyx. Seed with a membranous double testa, the two coatings
separated from one another by a layer of deep purple, intensely bitter, granular matter ;
cotyledons flat, obovate ; radicle short, inferior. A diffusely-branched, leafy shrub,
tomentose and somewhat glandular-pubescent upon the leaves, calyx, and fruit ; leaves
small, alternate and fascicled, sub-cuneiform, 3-cleft, the lobes short linear with revo-
lute margins, canescent beneath ; flowers yellow, subsessile, solitary, axillary and ter-
minal. Watson in Cl. King's Hep., Vol. V.
- CERCOCARPUS, H. B. K. Calyx-tube persistent, cylindrical, long and pedicelliform,
terete ; lobes of the hemispheric deciduous limb 5, small, valvate. Petals none. Sta-
mens 15-25, in 2-3 series, seated on the limb of the calyx,, with short free incurved
filaments, and anthers.ofteu pubescent. Ovary solitary, with a single sub-erect ovule ;
style filiform, villous.. Achenium linear-oblong, coriaceous, included in the calyx, cau-
date with the persistent long plumose style ; seed linear, with a membranous testa,
elongated cotyledons, aaid inferior radicle. Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple
leaves and axillary or terminal flowers. Benfh. $ Hook.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 35
GEUM MACROPHYLLUIM, "Wilkl. Gray's Manual, p. 152. Western's
Pass, Coulter. Twin Lakes, Porter.
GEU3I STRICTUM, Ait. Colorado Springs, Red field.
GEUM RIVALE, L. Hall <k Harbour ; Parry. Mountains west of
Denver, Greene.
GEUM TRIFLORUM, Pursh. Hall & Harbour, 152 ; B. H. Smith. Twin
Lakes and South Park, Porter. Near Long's Peak, Coulter.
GEUM liossii, Serin ge. Scape 1-flowered, 3'-S' high, slightly pu-
bescent above, somewhat 2-3-leaved ; radical leaves iuterraptedly-pin-
nate, rather glabrous, minutely ciliate ; leaflets ovate or cuneiform, 2-3-
lobed, incised or entire; flowers erect; calyx-lobes ovate, spreading,
shorter than the roundish, yellow petals ; carpels in a sessile head, mi-
nutely hirsute ; styles persistent, glabrous, not exserted in fruit. Alpine.
Hall d: Harbour, 156. Gray's Peak, Dr. 8m ith ; Canby. James's Peak
and the Sierra Madre Range, Coulter; Redfield.
CHAM.ERHODOS ] ERECTA, Buuge. Pilose-pubescent, glandular ; stem
slender, ii'-l high, paniculately branched above ; radical leaves rosu-
late, ternately or biternately many-cleft, segments very narrow, obtuse,
the upper cauline ones 3-5 cleft; petals white, longer than the calyx ;
ovaries 5-20. Hall & Harbour , 402; Canby; Porter. South Park,
Coulter.
FRAGARIA VESCA, L. Coulter. Canon City, Brandegee.
FRAGARIA VIRGIXIAXA, Ehrh., var. ILLINOIE:XSIS, Gr. Denver, Coul-
ter ; Dr. Smith.
FALLUGIA 2 PARADOXA, Torr. Emory Rep., t. 2. (Sierersia paradoxa,
Don.) Shrub l-2 high, very much branched, with a white and shining
bark : branchlets minutely pilose ; leaves alternate, cuueate or obovate
in outline, hirsute, 3-5 parted at the summit, 6" long, divisions linear,
obtuse; flowers terminal on the more or less elongated branchlets, sub-
corymbose; corolla about 9 // -12 // in diameter, white; achenia numer-
ous, hairy, with long, finely plumose tails -3' long. Canon City, Bran-
degee. Webster Canon, Redfield. Pueblo County, Greene.
SIBBALDIA PROOU3IBENS, L. (Potent ilia procumbens, Clairv.) Gratfs
Manual, p. 153. Hall & Harbour, 151. Saugre de Cristo Pass, Brandegte.
Sierra Madre Range at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
POTENTILLA ARGUTA, Pursh. Watson's Revision, Proc. Am. Acad.
t\8, p. 551. Gray^s Manual, p. 154. Porter; Brandcyee. Plains of the
Platte, Coulter. A lower and more slender form, G / -12 / high, smaller in
1 CHAM.ERHODOS, Bunge. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, ebracteolate ; the base
lined with a membranous disk, which i.s very densely bearded at the margin. Petals
5, obovate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals : and inserted with them into the sinuses
of the calyx above the disk ; filaments subulate, short, persistent. Acheuia 5-1U or
more ; styles arising near the base of the ovaries, subulate. Receptacle conical, villous.
St-cd ascending, nearly orthotropous. Eadicle superior. Small, erect and branching
glandular-pubescent herbs ; perennial or biennial. Leaves many-cleft ; the segments
linear. Inrioreseiice dichotoniously cymose. Petals white or purplish. T. $- G. FL
JV. Am.
- FALLUGIA, Endl., Gen. PL Calyx with a very short-turbinate tube and spreading
limb, 5-cleft, very minutely 5-bracteolate, valvate in aestivation, persistent. Petals 5,
inserted on the calyx, alternate with its lobes and nearly as long, obovate. Stamens
very many, inserted with the petals ; filaments free ; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally
dehiscent. Ovaries very many, sessile in the bottom of the calyx, free, 1-celled. with
a single ovule ascending. Styles terminal, continuous, filiform ; stigmas papillose.
Achenia numerous, included in the tube of the calyx, aristate with the very long ex-
serted, bearded, plumose styles. Seed ascending : radicle inferior.
36 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
all its parts, with 11 leaflets and bright yellow flowers, from Ute Pass,
Porter. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. Saint Vrain Canon, Coulter.
POTENTILLA GLANDULOSA, Lincll., (P. fissa, Kutt.) WaUorts Rev., I. c.,
p. 552. More slender and branched than the former, l-2 high, less
pubescent; leaflets 5-9, V long or less; cyme paiiicled with elongated
branches and more slender pedicels; flowers often smaller; calyx less
tomentose; bractlets linear; petals yellow, sometimes white; stamens
20-25. Colorado, fide Watson, I c.
POTENTILLA NoRVEGiCA, L. Watson's Rev.. 1. c., p. 552. Gray's Man-
ual, p. 154. Denver, Dr. Smith; B. II. Smith.' Caiiou City, Brandcaee.
Monument Park, Coulter.
POTENTILLA RIVALIS, Nutt. Watson's Rev., I c., p. 552. More slender
than the former, diffusely branched even from the base; pubescence
softly villous; stipules lanceolate to ovate; leaves pinnate with 2 pairs
of closely approximate leaflets, or a single pair and the terminal leaflet
3-parted ; the upper leaves ternate; leaflets ovate or oblong-cuneate or
lanceolate, I'-IJ 7 long, more or less incised-serrate; cymes loose, less
leafy, with slender pedicels; bractlets and sepals equal, lJ"-3" long;
petals minute; stamens 10-20; achenia usually smooth; receptacle short.
Var. MILLEGRANA, Watson. (P. miUegrana, Eng.) . Leaves all ter-
nate; steins erect or weak and ascending; achenia often small and light-
colored. Colorado, fide Watson in King's Report.
POTENTILLA PENNSYLVANIA, L., var. STRIGOSA, Pursh. Watson's
Rer., I. c., p. 554. Low, 6'-15' high ; stems erect, leafy, rather stout ; leaves
mostly tomentose on both surfaces, paler beneath, deeply pectinate-
divided or pimiatind, segments linear, entire, with revolute margins;
stipules laciniate. Hall & Harbour, 162; Porter. Canon City, Brandegee.
Horse Shoe Mountain near Fairplay, Coulter.
POTENTILLA HIPPIANA, Lehm. (P. Pennsylvania, L., var. Hlppiana,
T. & G. Fl. N. Am.) Watson's Rev., 1. c., p. 555. Densely white tomentose
and silky throughout; the upper surface of the leaves a little darker;
stems ascending, l -!^ high, slender, branching above into a diffuse
cyme; stipules usually entire; leaves pinnate, occasionally digitate;
leaflets 5-11, cuneate-oblong, l'-2' long, obtuse, incisely-toothed, at
least towards the apex, margins not revolute; pedicels slender; bract-
lets narrow; petals 2.J"-3J" long, exceeding the calyx; styles filiform, not
glandular at base, terminal; carpels 10-30. Hall & Harbour, 158. Near
Denver, Dr. Smith; Canby. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee. Ute Pass and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
POTENTILLA EFFUSA, Dougl. Watson's Rev., I. c., p. 555. Canescently
tomeutose with scattered villous hairs; stems ascending, diffusely
branched above, 4 / -12 / high ; stipules lanceolate, entire or incised ;
leaflets 5-11, interruptedly pinnate, the alternate ones often smaller,
c-uneate-oblong, coarsely incised-serrate or dentate, the smaller leaflets
3-5 toothed ; pedicels slender ; sepals and the much smaller bractlets
acuminate, 2 // -3 // long, equaling or exceeding the obcordate petals ;
carpels 10. South Park, Porter.
POTENTILLA PLATTENSIS, Nutt. Watson's Rev., I. c., p. 556. Clothed
with a minute appressed pubescence; stems 6' high, weak, decumbent;
radical leaves pinnately 7-13 foliolate, cauline 3-5 foliolate: leaflets
cuneiform, deeply pinnatind-incised; the segments 3-7, oblong or
linear; stipules large, broadly ovate or lanceolate, entire, panicle few-
flowered; pedicels slender, elongated; petals obcordate, '2" -3" long,
a little longer than the acuminate calyx-segments. Common in wet
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 37
grounds. Hall & Harbour 161. South Park, Porter. Wet Mountain
Yiil ley; Brandegee.
POTENTILLA DISJECTA, Pursh. (P. diver sifolia, Lehm.) Watson's Rev.,
L <?., p. 556. Low, alpine, more or less silky- villous with somewhat spread-
ing hairs, or nearly glabrous; stems decumbent or ascending, 3'-12'
long; stipules ovate or oblong -lanceolate, entire; leaflets 5-7, or
rarely but 3, often glaucous, closely pinnate, or as frequently digi-
tate, the upper one V long or less, cuneate- oblong, iueisely pinnatitid
or sen ate, the lowest often but trifid, the segments acute or acutish, and
more or less tufted with white hairs; flowers few, 011 slender pedicels, in
an open cyme; calyx more or less villous with spreading hairs, the bract-
lets short, the lanceolate sepals shorter than the petals, which are 2"-
4" long, obovate and retuse or obcordate; receptacle very villous; ^car-
pels 10-20, or more. Mountains near Denver, and Clear Creek Canon,
Coulter. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith.
TAB. GLAUCOPHYLLA, Lehin. Glaucous-green ; leaves digitate, nearly
glabrous on both sides; leaflets silky on the margin, with unequal seg-
ments. Parry, 219; Yasey.
POTENTILLA GTRACILIS, Dougl. Watson's Rev., L c.< p. 557. Villous and
more or less tomentose; stems 2-3 high; stipules ovate or lanceo-
late, entire or subiucised; leaflets mostly 7, sometimes 5, very rarely
but 3, euueate-oblong, obtuse, incisely serrate or pinnatifid, tomentose
beneath, green above and subvillous or appressed-silky, i'-2-J' long;
flowers in a loose subfastigiate cyme, the pedicels at length elongated
and slender; calyx with the narrow bractlets shorter than the broad
acute or lanceolate sepals; petals broadly obcordate, 3"-" long, a
little exceeding the calyx; carpels very numerous, (40 or more.) Gray's
Peak, Dr. Smith.
VAR. RIGIDA, Watson. (P. rigida, JSTutt., not Wall. P. Xuttallii, Lehm.)
A mostly stout and tall form, villous* but without tomeutum ; the cyme
loose or crowded; the leaves often large, 3'-4' long or more, and prom-
inently veined beneath. Hall & Harbour, 1(52 in part and 158 in part.
POTENTILLA HUMIFUSA, JSTutt. (P. concinna, Rich.) Watson's Rev., L c.,
p. 558. Densely white-tomentose and silky -villous; stems decumbent,
2'-4' long, slender; leaflets 5, cuueate-obloug, 6"-9" long, green and ap-
pressed-silky above, only the rounded or truncate apex serrate with
3-5 teeth; flowers 3-5, on slender pedicels; bractlets narrow, shorter
than the acute sepals; petals 2 // -3 // long, obcordate, exceeding the
calyx; carpels 15-20. Subalpine. Hall & Harbour, 157. Marsh near
Long's Peak, Coulter.
POTENTILLA NIVEA, L. Watson's Rev., I. c..p. 558. Pubescence silky-
villous, often abundant, densely white-tomentose on the under side of
the leaves and sometimes upon the calyx; stems 2'-12 / high; leaflets
cuneate-obovate or oblong, 3"-8" long, coarsely iucised-serrate or pin-
natifld, the terminal one sessile or petiolulate; flowers few or solitary,
on slender pedicels; bractlets acute or acutish, shorter than the sepals;
petals 2 // -4 // long; carpels few or many. Parry, 214 and 215; Vasey.
POTENTILLA GRAYI, Watson, in Rev. I. c., p. 560. Pubescence scanty,
villous; stems slender, 3'-6' high, 3-6 flowered; stipules ovate or ob-
long, entire; leaflets very broad and suborbicular, long, the trun-
cate or rounded apex 5-7-toothed, the middle leaflet long-petiolulate ;
sepals acute, the bractlets but half as long and obtusish; petals 2"-
3" long, orbicular, retuse, exceeding the calyx; carpels 15-20. Gray's
Peak, Dr. Gray.
38 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
POTENTILLA FRUTicosA, L. Very common along the foot-bills and
among the mountains. Hall & Harbour, 155. Near Denver, B. H.
Smith; Median. South Park and Sierra Madre Eange, Coulter.
POTENTILLA ANSERLNA, L. Common everywhere on the plains and
in the mountains. Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon
City, Brandegee. South Park, Coulter.
EOSA -BLAND A, Ait. Common everywhere along streams in the foot-
hills. Dr. Smith; Meehan. Porter ; Brandegee; Coulter.
EOSA ARKANSANA, Porter (n. sp.) Stein stout, erect, leafy, 1 high,
glabrous and glaucous, armed with weak, deciduous, bristly prickles ;
leaflets 9-11, ovate and oblong-ovate, 1 'or more in length, acute or obtuse,
glabrous, sharply serrate; midrib and long stipules somewhat prickly
and minutely glandular; flowers numerous, terminal, corymbed, on
peduncles about I' long; fruit globose, smooth, glaucous; calyx-seg-
ments ovate, reflexed in fruit, with terminal and sometimes lateral
appendages, more or less glandular and tomentose pubescent on the
margins; petals broadly obcordate or emarginate, longer than the calyx-
segments, rose-color^ flowers 2" in diameter. This rose may possibly be
an extreme form of H. blanda, but it differs in so many points that I have
ventured to describe it as new. Banks of the Arkansas near Canon
City, Brandegee. Eaton Mountains, Dr. Bell. Texas, Wright.
EOSA FRAXINIFOLIA, Bork. Eesembles E. blanda. Flowers large,
3' in diameter; fruit larger, 6' to h' in diameter ; 2 to 3 higb, growing
solitary on dry ridges. In the mountains, Hon. John Scott.
PYRUS SAMBITCIFOLIA, Cham. & Schlecht. Meehan.
AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS, T. & G., var. ALNIFOLIA, T. & G.
Mountain of the Holy Cross, Coulter.
SAX1FRAGACE.E.
SAXIFRAGA C^SPITOSA, L. Perennial, dwarf, crespitose ; stems, l'-2'
high ; leaves glandular- pubescent, 3-5-eleft, upper linear and entire,
segments broadly-linear and obtuse ; flowering stems with a few scat-
tered leaves, glandular, 1-4-flowered; petals white, obovate. 3-nerved,
scarcely longer or twice the length of the calyx. Alpine. Hall & Har-
bour ; Parry.
SAXIFRAGA RivuLARis, L. "Eocky Mountains of Colorado," Watson
in Kintfs Rep., vol. 5, p. 93.
SAXIFRAGA ADSCENDENS, L. (S. controversa, Sternb.) Annual, glan-
dular-pubescent; stems r-3-higb; erect, leafy; leaves cuneate-ovate,
3-5 toothed at the apex, the earlier spatulate and entire, radical ones
crowded; branchlets 3-flowered; flowers pinkish or yellowish-white;
calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than the petals ; pedicels bibracteate,
about equaling the fruit. " Alpine region," Hall & Harbour, 196.
SAXIFRAGA CERNUA, L. Annual, glabrate or glandular-pubescent;
steins granulate at base, leafy, weak, simple or branching, 2'-5' high,
lower leaves reniform, broadly toothed or lobed, the upper ones bearing
little bulbs in their axils; flowers often solitary, terminal, pendulous ;
sepals oblong or ovate, nearly distinct; petals obovate-obloug or obovate
and retuse, white or cream-color, longer than the calyx; styles imperfect
or deformed. Alpine. Mount Lincoln at 12,500 feet altitude, Coulter.
Meehan. Saugre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee.
SAXIFRAGA DEBILIS, Eng. Glabrous/ or very sparingly glandular
pubescent; stems weak, ascending, 2-4-flowered, 2'-4/ high ; radical
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 39
leaves small, crenately lobed, cauline ones 3-lobed or entire ; lobes of the
calyx ovate, obtusish, at length shorter than the tube ; petals ovate,
obtuse, twice longer than the calyx, white or pinkish; tube of the calyx
obconical, wholly adherent to the ovary; styles very short; stigina
capitate. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 198. Sangre de Oristo Pass, Bran-
deyee.
SAXIFRAGA HIRCULTJS, L. Stem 1-6-flowered, leafy ; leaves lance-
olate, nerved, not ciliate ; pedicels and upper part of the stem more or
less hairy, not glandular ; sepals usually ciliate, obtuse, much shorter
than the obovate, many-nerved petals retiexed ; flowers very large, yellow ;
style very short; stigma spatulate, at first inflexed, at length divari-
cate. " South Park, in wet or swampy places." Hall & Harbour, 201 ;
Canby.
SAXIFRAGA SERPYLLIFOLIA, Pursh. Dwarf, csespitose, shoots creep-
ing; leaves rosulate, imbricated, somewhat reflexed, oblong-obovate,
thick, 3"-4" long, very smooth ; stem filiform, few-leaved, slightly glan-
dular pubescent, l'-2' high, 1-3-flowered ; calyx not adherent to the
ovary, the segments reflexed, obtuse, much shorter than the broadly-
obovatc, yellow, 3-nerved petals. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 199. Gray's
Peak, Dr. Smith. Sangre de Oisto Pass, Brandegee. Gray's Peak at
12-1,300 feet, Redfield.
SAXIFRAGA FLAGELLARIS, TTilld. Glandular-pubescent ; stems sim-
ple, '-6' high, leafy, 1-5-flowered ; stolons from the axils of the radical
leaves long and filiform, naked and rooting at the ends; leaves obovate-
spatulate, ciliate, lower much crowded, the upper oblong or linear ; flow-
ers large, yellow, 3"-4" long ; sepals very glandular, united at the base
and slightly coherent with the ovary; petals persistent, 3"-4" long,
longer than the capsule. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 200 ; Parry. Mount
Lincoln at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SAXIFRAGA BRONCHIALIS, L. Perennial ; stems ascending, slender,
producing short branchlets ; leaves linear, 4"-5" long, rather coriaceous,
finely ciliate, mucrouate-pointed, crowded below; flowers corymbose on
a long, slender, bracted peduncle, 3 / -8 / high ; sepals lanceolate or ovate,
obtuse or acutish; petals obovate-obloug, white, marked with numerous
purplish spots, much exceeding the sepals ; styles and stigmas con-
vergent during flowering. Eocky places. Hall & Harbour, 197 ; Parry ;
B. H. Smith- Canby ; Porter. Mount Lincoln at 10,000 feet altitude
and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
SAXIFRAGA PUXCTATA, L. (S.ccstivalis, Fisch.) Perennial, villous-
pubesceut or nearly glabrous ; leaves radical, l'-2' in diameter, long-
petioled, roundish, reniforni or orbicular, equally and deeply dentate,
the teeth mostly acute; scape slender, naked, 1-!^ high, the pe-
duncles and pedicels of the usually open panicle gfandular; bracts
small, linear; petals white, oval, or orbicular, obtuse, exceeding the ob-
tuse, ovate-oblong, reflexed sepals; filaments often petaloid and abor-
tive; ovaries distinct below the middle. Hall & Harbour, 207. Pike's
Peak, Canby. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. Mount Lincoln, at 12-1 -4,000 feet
altitude, and Mount La Plata, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SAXIFRAGA STELLARIS, L., var. COMOSA, Willd. Mount Evans, at
13,000 feet altitude, Greene.
SAXIFRAGA NIVALIS, L. Perennial ; leaves all radical, ovate or obo-
vate, attenuate into a broad petiole, unequally crenate-dentate; scape
naked, 3 / -12 / high, capitately or sub-corymbosely several to many-
flowered; the half- adherent calyx erect, shorter than the oblong, obtuse.
40 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
subunguiculate petals; capsules purple, divergent. Hall & Harbour*
193. South Park, Porter. Near Long's Peak and Westou's Pass, Coulter.
SAXIFRAGA INTEGRIFOLIA, Hook. Very viscidly-pubescent; leaves
all radical, ovate or oblong-obovate, very obtuse, entire or slightly sinuate-
eremite; scape elongated, l-3 high, paniculate at the apex, rather
narrow or sometimes expanded, bracteate; petals obovate, twice the
length of the glabrous, spreading, or at length reflexed, round-ovate,
obtuse segments of the calyx; stamens short, styles free. Sierra Madre
Kange, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SAXIFRAGA JAMESII, Torr. Glandular-puberulent; stems 2 / -G /
high from a thick caudex, more or less leafy, 5-10 flowered; radical
leaves on rather long petioles, reuiform-cordate, smoothish, crenately-
toothed or lobed; cauline ones few, the uppermost bract-like, cuneiform :
raceme compound; flowers large; calyx-tubecainpanulate, cohering with
the base of the ovary, the segments triangular-ovate, rather acute, about
as long as the slender claw or the orbicular, purple petals; stamens 10.
Hall & Harbour, 203. In clefts of the rocks in Chiann ('anon, Porter.
Pike's Peak, Canby.
TELLIMA 1 PARVIFLORA, Hook. (lAtliopliragma, Nutt.) Boot more or
less granulate; stems 6'-15' high, scabrous hirsute, with 1-2 ten lately-
divided or lobed leaves; segments 3-cleft, 4-8 flowered, occasionally
bulb-bearing; leaves '-2' in diameter; pedicels sub erect, usually
shorter than the calyx, which is obcouic, elongating in fruit and densely
glandular-hirsute; petals white, much exserted, deeply 5-cleft, projecting
1"_3" beyond the calyx; ovary adnate above the middle; seeds oblong,
minutely" roughened. Hall & Harbour, 206.
MITELLA PENTANDRA, Hook. Leaves all radical, cordate, slightly
lobed, creuately-serrate; scape slender, 1-1J high, naked; calyx cam-
pauulate with spreading lobes, adherent to the middle of the ovary;
petals white, linear or filiform, deeply 3-cleft, longer than the calyx;
stamens 5, with very short filaments, alternate with the petals; stigma
entire; capsule opening prematurely. Hall & Harbour, 208; Parry.
Sierra Madre Kauge, at 11,500 feet altitude, Coulter.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM ALTERNIFOLIUM, L. Flowering stems erect ; leaves
alternate, reuiform-cordate, doubly crenate or somewhat lobed ; flowers
corymbose. Hall & Harbour, 576.
HEUCHERA BRACTEATA, Scringe. Small and nearly glabrous or
minutely puberulent ; scapes numerous from a thick, ligneous caudex,
leafless or bracted; radical leaves roundish-subcordate, about V in
diameter, incisely lobed, lobes short, crenately toothed, subciliate, teeth
setaceously mucronate; flowers crowded in a spicate, somewhat com-
pound raceme V to 1J' long; calyx campanulate, oblong, almost 5-cleft
to the middle, lobes spatulate-oblong ; petals attenuate, acute, scarcely
broader than the filaments; styles and stamens at length exserted;
thyrsus commonly more or less secund; flowers barely 2" in length. In
clefts of the rocks. Hall & Harbour, 205. Parry, 172; Dr. Smith; B.
H. Smith. On the road from Denver to Idaho Springs, Porter.
HEUCHERA PARVIFOLIA, Nutt. Scabrous-puberulent ; scape naked,
1 TELLIMA, Brown. Calyx campanulate, dilated, prolonged beyond the ovary and
adherent to it at base, 5-tootlied or cleft, valvate. Petal 5, entire or divided, inserted
on the throat of the calyx with the 10 small, included stamens. Ovary half-superior,
conical, 1-celled, with 2-3 parietal, many-ovuled placenta' ; styles 2-3, short. Capsule
wholly or half inferior, membranous, 2-3-valved, many-seeded. Erect, simple, pilose
or glandular herbs with petioled, rounded-cordate, lobed leaves and terminal racemes.
Bmili. and Hook.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 41
W-2 high; leaves roundish-cordate, crenately 5-7 lobed, at length
glabrous, ciliate, the lobes short and rounded with 1 or 2 crenatures,
minutely mucronate; panicle racemose, rather loose; bracts small,
laciniate, ciliate; flowers small; calyx adherent to the ovary, obconic
at base$ limb flat, dilated; petals minute, caducous; stamens shorter
than the lobes of the calyx; styles very short, conical; seeds mnricate
or hispid under a lens. Common in the mountains. Hall & Harbour,
-04; Parry, 174; B. H. Smith. Chiauu Canon, Porter. Brandegee. South
Park, Coulter.
HEUCHERA HALLIT, Gr. Miuuteh glandular-puberulent; scape 4 / -8 /
high, naked or with 1-3 minute, subulate bracts; thyrsus raceme like,
rather loosely 12-30 flowered ; bracts scarcely longer than the pedicels;
flowers white or pinkish, 3" long; calyx broadly-campanulate, 5-lobed,
lobes broad-ovate; petals narrowly spatulate, obtuse, exsert; stamens
and styles included. Leaves as in H. bracteata, considerably variable.
Hall <(' Harbour, rocks, on mountains of medium elevation. On the
Upper Arkansas, Porter. Grand Cation of the Arkansas, Brandegee.
PARXASSIA PARVIFLORA, DC. Hall tfc Harbour, 578. Wet Mountain
Valley, Brandegee.
PARNASSIA FIMBRIATA, Banks. Scape 6'-18' high; flowers I 7 in
diameter; radical leaves on very long petioles, biauriculate-reniform ;
rauliue one very small, cordate, sessile, above the middle of the slender
scape; petals fiinbriate at the base, somewhat uuguiculate, longer than
the calyx; sterile filaments 5-9 in each set, or reduced to a crenately-
toothed, broadly-cuiieate, fleshy, carinate scale. Hall & Harbour. 575.
In damp places in the Sierra "Madre Range at 10-12,000 feet altitude,
Coulter.
JA3IESIA 1 AMERICANA, T. & G. Cymes often longer than the leaves,
5-10-flowered ; petals white, 3" -5" long, glabrous or slightly hairy with-
in; calyx-lobes shorter than the petals, enlarged and foliacebus in fruit.
Hall ct Harbour j 568; Parry. Georgetown, I)r. Smith; Canby. Chiann
Canon and Glen Eyrie, Porter. James's Peak and Clear Creek Canon,
Co ulter; Redfield.
PHILADELPHIA MIOROPHYLLUS, Gr. PI. FendL, p. 54. Branches slen-
der, erect; leaves small, 6"-9" long, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, very
entire, obsoletely 3-nerved, shining above, pale, and minutely pilose be-
neath, narrowed at base into a very short petiole; flowers terminal, 1-3;
calyx 4-cleft, glabrous without, lobes ovate-lanceolate, toineutulose
within; styles connate to the apex, shorter than the stamens; stigmas
4, oblong; capsules snbglobose. Canon City, Brandegee. The speci-
mens received from Mr. Brandegee exhibit some of the characters of
P. serpyllifolhiSj Gr. (PL Wright, 1, p. 77.) The leaves are pubescent
above, some of them plainly 3-iierved and the lobes of the calyx silky-
pubescent without. But it is clearly distinguished by the size of the
leaves and the oblong stigmas. The hairs on the under side of the
leaves are appressed and covered with tubercles under the microscope,
1 JAMESIA, T. & G. Calyx-tube very short, turbinate, adnate to the base of the
ovary ; lobes triangular-ovate, sometimes bind. Petals 5, obovate, convolute. Stamens
10. the alternate ones shorter; filaments linear, flattened, acuminate. Ovary conical,
1-celled, with 3-5 parietal, many-ovuled placenta- : styles 3-5. equaling the stamens.
Capsule included, incompletely 3-5-celled. dehiscent between the persistent, diverging
styles. Seeds horizontal, ovate, shining. striate-reticulate, the embryo in the axis of
the fleshy albumen. A low, diffusely-branching shrub, 2-3 high; leaves opposite,
petioled, ovate, mucrouately serrate/canescent beneath, as well as on the petioles,
calyx, and branchlets, with a soft, hairy pubescence ; flowers cyniose, in terminal
panicles. Bcnth. and Hook*
42 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
as Dr. Gray has observed in those of P. serpyllifolius. Webster Canon,
Redjield.
KIBES HIRTELLUM, Wx.Hall & Harbour, 187. Canon City, Brandegee.
Clear Creek Canon, Coulter. Ute Pass, Porter.
KIBES IRRIGKJUM, Dougl. Stems 6 high, branches red. narked or
prickly; subaxillary spines 3 or sometimes more, stout, rarely redexed;
leaves roundish, 5-lobed, I'-IJ' in diameter, cuneate, truncate or sub-
cordate at base, crenately-serfate, nearly glabrous, somewhat hairy be-
tween the veins beneath and somewhat ciliate ; peduncles slender and
usually elongated, 3-flowered, glabrous or minutely glandular-pubescent ;
the bracts somewhat gland ular-ciliate; calyx cylindrical and narrow
(with the ovary often J'long), glabrous, the segments linear-oblong, ex-
ceeding the tube, sometimes reflexed; petals short, oblong-spatulate,
purplish-white ; the stamens usually exceeding the calyx, but shorter
thau the deeply cleft style ; filaments and style hairy ; fruit rather large,
smooth, deep-purple, edible. Wilson's Creek, Brandegee.
KIBES LEPTANTHOT, Gr. PL FendL, p. 53. Shrub 2-4 high,
diffusely branched, without prickles; subaxillary spines solitary, stout,
rarely two or three; the dense, minute pubescence glandular or often
mixed with resinous dots, or the whole plant glabrous; leaves small,
4"-6" broad, numerous, 5-cleft, lobes incised ; peduncles short, deflexed ;
flowers 1-2, nearly sessile, yellow, 2"-4" long; bracts rounded, shorter
than the ovary; calyx tubular or somewhat campauulate, more or less
silky-pubescent, the lobes subspatulate, more or less reflexed, equaling
the tube and about twice longer than the stamens and petals; style
glabrous, undivided; stigmas 2; fruit unarmed, glabrous. -Canon City,
Brandegee. Webster Canon, Red field.
KIBES LACUSTRE, Poir. Hall & Harbour, 184. Westoii's Pass, Coulter.
KIBES PROSTRATUM, L' Her. Hall & Harbour.
KIBES CEREUM, Dougl. Diffusely branching shrub, 1 6 high?
unarmed; leaves roundish, J'-l' broad, mostly cordate, 3-5-lobed. iucise-
ly crenate, viscid-puberulent or nearly glabrous, resinous-dotted;
racemes nodding on short peduncles, crowded, 3-5-liowered; bracts ovate?
appressed to the nearly - sessile ovary; calyx tubular, 3 // -4 // long,
glandular, segments very short, recurved, pinkish-white; petals minute,
orbicular; stamens included ; style undivided; stigmas 2; fruit globose,
glandular, light red. Hall & Harbour, 180. Glen Eyrie, Porter. Canon
City, Brandegee. Clear Creek Canon, and common through the moun-
tains, Coulter.
KIBES FLORIDUM, L' Her. On the Platte near Denver, Dr. Smith.
KIBES AUREUM, Pursh. Shrub, neither prickly nor spiny, with long
slender drooping branches, glabrous; leaves convolute in vernation,
rather thick, 3-lobed, lobes divaricate, incisely few toothed, ciliate when
young; petioles and peduncles minutely puberulent; raceme many-
flowered, with foliaceous bracts exceeding the pedicels ; calyx tubular,
very slender, segments spreading, shorter than the tube, twice the length
of the petals, yellow ; style undivided ; fruit yellowish or black, gla-
brous, edible. Hall & Harbour, 188. Plains near Denver, May, Coulter.
Cultivated for the fragrance of its flowers, under the name of *" Missouri
Currant."
CRASSULACE.E.
SEDUM KHODIOLA, VG.Hall & Harbour, 191; Dr. Smith; Porter.
Mount Lincoln at 13,000 feet altitude, July, Coulter. Gray's Peak, Red-
field.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 43
SEBUM RHODAKTHUM, Gr. Sill. Jour. (N. S.) 33, p. 405. Stems nu-
merous, 6"-12" high from a thick root, erect simple, leaves flat, scattered,
glabrous, oblong or oblanceolate, entire, l'-2' long; corymb l'-2'loug,
terminal, simple; flowers large, 4 // -5 // , perfect, mostly tetramerous, more
than twice the length of the pedicels; sepals linear; petals rose-color
or nearly white, lanceolate, acuminate, twice exceeding the sepals and
a little longer than the stamens which are adnate to them below the
middle ; ovary straight ; styles filiform. On the banks of rivulets, alpine
and subalpine. Hall & Harbour, 189; Parry; Dr. Smith. Mount Lin-
coln at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SEDUM STENOPETALUM, Pursh. Glabrous ; stems 3'-6' high, erect,
several from a decumbent base, simple or somewhat branched; leaves
crowded on the barren shoots, fleshy, compressed, subulate, sessile, acute,
2"-4" long; flowers bright-yellow, nearly sessile, pentamerous, 3"-4"
long ; petals linear, lanceolate, acuminate, twice longer than the subu-
late sepals. Common everywhere at the base of the foothills and
through the mountains to 12,000 feet altitude. Hall & Harbour, 190;
Canby; Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith; Meehan ; Porter; Coulter.
HA LOR A GET:.
HIPPURIS VULGARIS, L. Common, in streams,. Hall & Harbour,
13.!; Parry; Brandeyee. Clear Creek Caiion, Coulter.
ONAGRACEJE.
EPILOBIUM ALPINUM, L. Hall & Harbour, 167. Chicago Lakes at
12,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM, L. Stems erect, 6'-2 high, usually branch-
ing, 4-sided, nearly glabrous ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, denticu-
late, the middle ones more or less decurrent along the angles of the stem,
the lower slightly petioled; flowers small; petals emarginate ; stigma
clavate ; capsules pediceled, minutely pubescent. Dr. Smith; B. H.
Smith; Porter. Along the Platte and near Mount Lincoln at 10,000 feet
altitude, Coulter.
EPILOBIUM PALTJSTRE, L. Hall & Harbour, 166.
EPILOBIUM PANICULATUM, L. Stems 6'-3 high, glabrous or glandu-
lar-pubescent above, erect, slender, terete, dichotomous above; leaves
narrowly linear, obscurely serrulate, acute, attenuate at base, mostly
alternate and fascicled ; flowers few, l // -4 // long, light rose-color, ter-
minating the spreadi ngn'liforin and almost leafless branches; calyx-tube
infundibuliform, petals obcordate, nearly twice exceeding the calyx
lobes : capsule short, acute at each end, straight or a little curved, erect
or spreading. Hall cfc Harbour, 168. Mountains of Colorado, Canby.
EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Ij.Hall & Harbor, 170; Dr. Smith,
B. H. Smith. Ute Pass and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
EPILOBIUM LATIFOLIUM, L. Stem ascending, often branched, 9 / -lS /
high, glabrous or very minutely puberulent; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, sessile, entire or nearly so, rather thick and rigid, l'-l '
long, the veins not apparent; flowers axillary and terminal, on short
pedicels; style somewhat erect, glabrous, shorter than the stamens.
Hall & Harbour, 1W; Parry. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
44 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
|
GAYOPHYTUM 1 RAMOSissiMUM, T. & G. Steins 6'-18' high, becoming
very much branched ; flowers very minute; calyx-lobes lanceolnte-
oblong, equaling the rose-colored petals and exceeding the longer
stamens ; flowers '' long: capsules oblong, 3-5-seeded, 2 // -3" long, rather
shorter than the filiform, deflexed, pedicels. Hall & Harbour, 172.
Buffalo Peaks, Coulter.
GAYOPHYTUM RACEMOSUM, T. & G. Glabrous or nearly so; steins
6'-18' high, branched, branches elongated, mostly simple; leaves linear-
spatulate, short, 6"-12" long; flowers axillary throughout the branches;
segments of the calyx about the length of the petals; longer stamens
one-third shorter than the petals; capsule linear, 8"-10" long, tapering
at base into a very short pedicel or sessile, many-seeded. Hall & Har-
fcowr, 171 ; Parry; Brandegee ; Canby. Gray's Peak, Eedjield.
(ENOTHERA BIENNIS, L. Along the Platte and in Ute Pass, Coulter;
Porter.
(ENOTHERA PINNATIFIDA, Nutt. Annual, decumbent, pubescent or
puberulent ; stem low, branches sometimes 1 -2 long ; leaves deeply pin-
riatifid, with linear and acute segments, radical ones often nearly entire;
flowers axillary, large, 2 / -3 / in diameter ; segments of the calyx rather
shorter than the tube and much shorter than the broadly obcordate
petals ; style filiform, shorter than the petals, but exceeding the stamens ;
stigmas filiform, divaricate, as long as the slender anthers ; capsules
prismatic-cylindrical, striate-grooved, somewhat tapering towards the
apex, about I 7 long ; seeds 1-rowed in each cell, terete, ascending. Hall
& Harbour, 177 ; Brandegee. Clear Creek, Coulter. On the Platte near
Denver, Dr. Smith. Wet Mountain Valley, Redjield.
(ENOTHERA CORONOPIFOLTA, T. & G. Perennial, with horizontal
root-stocks ; stems simple, often numerous from a branching base, erect
or ascending, slender, cauescently puberulent, strigose or hispid ; basal
leaves linear-spatulate, the rest pectiuately piniuitiiid ; throat of the
calyx-tube densely villous; petals somewhat orbicular, entire, equaling
the stamens, shorter than the pistil, nearly white, turning red, \' long ;
capsule ovate or linear-oblong, tor ulose at base, sometimes attenuated
into a very short peduncle, sub-erect; seeds large, ovate, turgid, some-
what obtuse or obliquely truncate. Hall & Harbour, 178; Dr. Smith ;
B. H. Smith ; Canby ; Braudegee. Plains around Denver and Colorado
Springs, Porter. Plains of the Platte and Pleasant Park, Coulter.
(ENOTHERA ALBICAULIS, Nutt. Perennial, puberulent or hirsute;
stems usually l-3 high, erect or ascending, with a white, membran-
ous, shining bark; leaves very variable, linear or lanceolate, attenuate
at the base, entire or more or less dentate ; petals round-ovate, more or
less unguiculate, entire, exceeding the stamens and equaling the pistil,
often nearly white; capsule thickened at base, sessile, linear, divaricate,
often flexuous or deflexed; seeds rather small, linear-lanceolate, smooth.
Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith ; Canby. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains near.
Denver and Pleasant Park, Coulter. Colorado Springs, Porter.
(ENOTHERA TRILOBA, Xutt. Biennial, acaulescent, nearly glabrous ;
1 GAYOPHYTUM, A. Juss. Calyx-tube not produced beyond the ovary, linear, sub-
terete; lobes 4, spreading, deciduous; petals 4, obovate, very shortly* unguiculate ;
stamens 8, or 4, alternate, with as many staminodia ; iilaivents short, filiform ; anthers
globose ; style rather short, with a capitate or clavate stigma ; capsule small, mem-
branous, linear, 2-celled, 4-valved, two opposite valves bearing a narrow dissepiment ;
seeds few-many, in a single series in each cell, ascending. Annual, slender, branching
herbs, with alternate, linear, entire, nerveless leaves and small axillary, solitary
flowers. Benth Hook.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 45
leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, petioled, segments linear-lanceolate, often
toothed; flowers large, sessile, 2'-3' in diameter, yellowish becoming
rose-color; calyx tube very long, filiform, dilated above; capsules oval
or obovate, I' in length, persistent and crowding at the base, cartilagi-
nous or somewhat woody, reticulated, 4- winged, apicolate or 4-toothed at
the apex ; seeds horizontal, angled, densely tuberculate. Hall & Har-
bour, 175. Sotith Park, Coulter.
(EXOTHERA CyESPiTOSA, Sfutt. (Watson's Rev. in Proc. Am. Ac., v. 8,
pp. 585 and 605. Including (E.montana and (E. maryinata, Xutt.; also (E.
eji-hnia,Gi\) A caulescent, or with a short, sub-erect stem, 2 / -6 / high ,
more or less villous pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves petioled, lan-
ceolate, acute, variable in section, runciuate, lyrate, repandly-toothed or
nearly entire; calyx-tube elongated, 3'-5' long; petals large, l'-2' long,
obcordate, nearly white, becoming rose-color ; capsules sessile or upon
short peduncles, coriaceous, oblong, somewhat attenuate above, straight
or curved, sub 4-angled, more or less ribbed, with the ridges tuberculate
or smooth, dehiscence loculicidal ; seeds, two rows in each cell, nearly hori-
zontal, obovate, smooth, sulcate. Hall & Harbour, 173; Parry. Xorth
Park, Hay den. E. H. Smith. Xear Denver, Canby. Plains of the Platte,
Coulter. South Park, Porter.
A remarkably stout, caulescent form of this very variable species,
collected by Mr. Braudegee near Cafion City, corresponds very nearly
to (E. eximia, Gray, PL Fcndl., p. 45. The robust, ascending stems are
more than a span high and the capsules sessile, conical, I'-IJ' long, taper-
ing upward from a broad base, with 2 wing-crested ribs on each valve.
(EXOTHERA MISSOURIEXSIS, Sims. Stems low, simple, decumbent ;
leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, acute, tapering into a short petiole, ob-
scurely denticulate, somewhat canescent when young; flowers axillary,
very large, diurnal; tube of the calyx 4 / -7' in length, segments acu-
minate, often spotted with purple, much shorter than the tube, about
the length of the roundish, flabelliform, mucronulate petals ; corolla
4'-t> / in diameter; petals very broad, light-yellow, wjth orange veins;
capsule pediceled, very large, somewhat compressed, with 4 broad
wings, 2' in length and about the same in breadth including the wings,
without the wings 3" in diameter ; seeds large, the undulate crest con-
spicuous. Hall d: Harbour, 174.
(EXOTHERA HARTWEGII, Benth., var. LAVANDUL^FOLIA, Gr. Snffru-
ticose, low, hoary-canescent ; stems simple, decumbent, 6' long ; leaves
crowded, linear, or oblong-linear, entire, obtuse or acutish, somewhat
re volute ; tube of the calyx 1' long, tubular-infundibuliform, many times
longer than the ovary and the ovate lanceolate, slightly acuminate
segments; petals rhombic-ovate, crenulate, longer than the stamens;
stigma discoid ; capsule sessile, cylindrical, canescent; seeds in a double
series, horizontal. Canon City, Brandeyee. Bluffs at Pueblo, Greene.
(ExoTHERA CAXESCEXS, Torr. & Frem. Frem. 2d. Exp., p. 31 5. Gray
in PL FendL, p. 44. ((E. yuttulata, Hook.) Stems ascending, 6'-$' high,
branching, very leafy to the top; leaves minutely strigose-canesceiir.
6" long, oblong-lanceolate or linear, entire or obscurely toothed ;
calyx-tube slender, 9" long, purplish, thrice the length of the ovoid,
canescent ovary ; petals broadly obovate, entire, ' long, white, with
some of each flower conspicuously spotted or blotched with rose-purple ;
anthers linear ; divisions of the stigma linear, slender ; capsule slender,
cauescent, 3" long and almost as broad, turgid-ovate, apiculate, with 4
strongly carinate and almost winged angles, the intermediate ribs
46 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
scarcely prominent 5 seeds numerous in each cell, obovate, with a
smooth and thin testa. Purgatory Biver, Dr. Bell.
(ENOTHERA SERRULATA, Nutt. Hall & Harbour, 179; B. H. Smith.
Plains of the Platte and Monument Park, Coulter. On the plains be-
tween Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
CENOTHERA BREVIFLORA, T. & G. ( (E. NuttalUi, T. & G.) Perennial,
acauleseeiit ; leaves petioled, 2 / -6 / long, lanceolate, acuminate, inter-
ruptedly pinnately-parted, the segments lanceolate, acuminate, tootbed
or entire; calyx-tube marcescent, much shorter than the leaves, filiform,
dilated at the summit, segments lanceolate, shorter than the obovate,
yellow petals, scarcely exceeding the style; stigma capitate, entire;
capsules large, sessile, submembranous, oblong and attenuate above,
sub-tetragonal and sulcate on the sides, very- many-seeded; seeds smooth,
somewhat ascending, terete, oblong, slightly reiiiforai, 2 series in each
cell. Hall & Harbour, 176.
STENOSIPHON l VIRGATUS, Spach. Spikes in fruit sometimes nearly
1 long ; bracts subulate, longer than the ovary, rather persistent ; calyx
pubescent, tube exceedingly slender, "-5" long ; petals rather large
in proportion ; ovary tomentose-pubescent. Parry ; Canby.
GAURA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. Stem tall, erect, more or less branched,
20.50 high, clothed, besides the long, soft-villous hairs, with a minute,
slightly glandular pubescence ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, l'-3' long,
acute or acuminate, repand-denticulate, clothed on both sides with a soft,
velvety pubescence; spikes virgate, dense, strict, in fruit often elongat-
ing 1" or more; bracts lanceolate-subulate; flowers very small, rose-
colored ; calyx-tube shorter than the glabrous ovary and longer than the
segments ; petals spatulate-oblong ; anthers oval, retuse, attached by
the middle; lobes of the stigma very short; fruit sessile, oblong-clavate,
4-nerved, obtusely angled above, 3"-" long. On the plains near Den-
ver, Dr. Smith. Hall & Harbour, 180 ; Parry, 181 ; Canby. Caiion
City, Red field.
GAURA COCCINEA, Nutt. Canescent, puberulent or glabrate ; stems
suffruticose and fastigiately branched from the base, G'-lii' high, very
leafy, ascending; leaves lanceolate, linear-oblong or linear, repand-den-
ticulate or entire, 6"-12" long, closely sessile; flowers in simple spikes
terminating the leafy branches, rose-color, turning to scarlet; bracts
linear, rather persistent, longer than the ovaries ; calyx-segments linear-
oblong, shorter than the narrow infundibuliform tube, as long as the
roundish, unguiculate petals ; fruit elliptical, sessile, short, terete, 1-
sided above. Hall & Harbour, 181; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Canby.
Plains around Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter. Plains of the
Platte, Coulter.
ALPINA, L. Hall & Harbour.
LYTHRTJM ALATUM, Pursh. Plains near Denver, Dr. Smith.
1 STENOSIPHON, Spach. Tube of the calyx filiform or almost capillary, much prolonged
beyond the ovary, recurved or declined after flowering, at length deciduous ; the limb
4-parted, much shorter than the tube. Petals 4, unguiculate, unequal. Stamens 8,
erect, the alternate ones a little shorter ; filaments capillary ; anthers oblong, fixed by
the middle. Ovary oval, 1-celled, with 4 suspended ovules'; style erect, filiform, dila-
ted at the apex; stigma 4-lobed. Fruit (very small) coriaceous and indehiscent, ovate,
convex externally, flatfish within, about 8-ribbed, 1- seeded. A tall, perennial heib,
with virgate branches, and scattered linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute, nerveless, entire
leaves, gradually reduced to bracts. Flowers (white) sessile, crowded, in long and
strict, virgate spikes. T. $' (*. Fl. JN 7 . Am.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. ^ 47
L.OASACEJE.
MENTZELIA FUDA, T. & G. Eough with a minute, barbed pubes-
cence; stems l-3 high, white, often widely branching; leaves lan-
ceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, toothed or piunatitid, with sharp or
obtuse spreading teeth, very rough ; flowers large, terminating the
branches, vespertine, bracteolate, (not bracteolate, T. & G.); petals 10,
lanceolate, tapering at the base, acute, yellowish-white with numerous
darker veins, I 7 to 1J 7 long; stamens very numerous, the exterior fila-
ments petaloid and often sterile, the others filiform, capsule-cylindrical,
I 7 or more long, 4" wide, 3-valved at the summit ; seeds numerous, ovoid,
with a broad, membranous wing. Hall & Harbour, 569; Dr. Smith ;
B. H. Smith. On the plains near Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
Canon City, Brandegee. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
MENTZELIA ALBICAULIS, Dougl. Stem 6 7 -18 7 high, usually branch-
ing from the base, white and polished and nearly glabrous below, rather
weak ; leaves lanceolate, remote, more or less deeply pinuatifid, some-
times repaud or nearly entire, scabrous, sessile; flowers solitary or some-
what clustered, not bracteolate ; petals obovate, 2" long, light-yellow,
scarcely exceeding the short, subulate-lanceolate calyx-segments; fila-
ments io-30, subulate-filiform or occasionally somewhat dilated; capsules
cvlindric, narrow, elongated, attenuate at base, 6 77 to 9 7/ long, 1 7/ to 1 77
wide, minutely hispid ; seeds 20-40. Hall & Harbour, 571. ^ear
Denver, Canby. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
Frequent on the plains and among the foot-hills.
MENTZELIA MULTLFLORA, ]^utt. PL Gamb. in Jour. Proc. Acad.
Phil Feb. 1848, under Bartonia. Steins scabrous, pubescent, f-l
high, slender, corymbosely branched above, rough, pubescent or becom-
ing smooth and white with age; leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceo-
late, sinuate-pinnatifid, attenuate below and sessile; flowers subtended
by 1 or 2 ovate or linear, entire bracts ; petals 10, deep or goldeii-yel-
low, oblong-oval, obtuse or acute, 6 /7 -9 /7 long, abruptly pointed,
much longer than the subulate calyx-segments; capsules cylindrical-ob-
long, about G /7 -8 /7 long, 3 /7 -4 77 wide, a little longer than the calyx-
segments ; seeds in a double series, winged. Hall & Harbour, 570;
Canby. AVet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
MEXTZELIA OLTGOSPE R:\IA, Xutt. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
MENTZELIA WKIG-HTII, Gr. PI. Fendl.,p. 48. Annual, rough-scabrous ;
stems simple or paniculate, 2 high ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely
sinuate-deutate, lowest attenuate into a petiole, upper ones truncate at
base or somewhat broadly auriculate, closely sessile ; bracteoles 1-2,
linear, entire, equaling the ovary; flowers small, ochroleucous; petals 10,
lanceolate-spatulate, scarcely surpassing the lobes of the calyx, shorter
than the cylindrical ovary ; filaments all linear-subulate, outer ones a
little dilated; placentas 3-ruany seeded; seeds winged. Purgatory River,
Dr. Bell.
., var. C^SPITOSA, Eng. Syn. Proc. Am.
Ac., v. 3, p. 9. Csespitose ; radial spines 12-15, setaceous, straight, puberu-
lent, white, central one often wanting ; fiinbriate sepals and yellow pe-
I MAMILLARIA, Haw. Sepals aiid petals united beyond the naked ovary into a shoit
tube. Berry juicy, oval or club-shaped. Seeds brown or black ; embryo straight,
without albumen ; cotyledons very short, globose. Low, globose or oval plants, simple
or branched, covered with spine-bearing tubercles; flowers rising from the axils of the
tubercles, usually small, about as wide as long, opening in sunshine only.
48 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
tals often sparingly denticulate at the apex, lanceolate or linear-Ian cool ate,
acute 5 stigmas 5, spreading; berry subglobose, shorter than the tuber-
cles, red ; seeds globose, serobiculate, black. Golden City, Greene.
MAMILLARIA VIVIPARA, Haw. Eng. Syn. /. c., p. 13. Simple, oval, the
almost terete tubercles bearing fascicles of 5-8 reddish-brown spines, sur-
rounded by 15-20 grayish oues in a single series ; all straight and very
rigid 5 the latter 5 // -8' / long; the former even 10" long ; flowers purple,
often 2' or more in diameter, with numerous lance-subulate petals and
fringed sepals; berry oval, green; seed pitted, light-brown. Foot-hills
near Long's Peak, Coulter. Redfield.
ECHINOCACTUS l SIMPSON!.- Eng. Simple, globose or depressed, with
ovate tubercles like a ILainillaria, bearing 20 outer ash-colored spines
and 5-10 stouter, darker, inner ones, all straight and rigid ; flowers from
the top of the just developing tubercles, small, 9"-12" broad, yellowish-
green to purplish ; scales on the ovary very few ; berry small, dry, with
few black, tuberculated seeds. Near Canon City, Brandegee ; Greene.
CEREUS 2 VIRIDIFLORUS, Eng. Syn. 1. c. p. 22. Ovate or at length
cylindrical, simple or sparingly branched, l'-2' high ; ribs about 13 ; are-
olae ovate-lanceolate ; spines strictly radiating, 12-18, with 2-(> superior,
setaceous ones, the rest lateral, longer, the lower frequently purplish-
brown, the others white; central one often wanting, when present, stouter,
solitary, variegated; flowers lateral towards the apex, yellow, becoming
green ; berries elliptical, small ; seeds tuberculated. Canon City, Bran-
degee ; Coulter.
CEREUS FENDLERI, Eng. Syn. I. c. p. 25. Stems 3' -8' high, not
many from the same base, ovate-cylindrical ; ribs 9-12; areoLe rather
crowded ; spines very variable, always bulbous at base, radial ones 7-10,
straight or curved, 6"-12" long, white and brown, lower ones stronger,
central one stout, curved above, dark-brown, often elongated, l'-2' long ;
the flowers lateral below the top, large, 2 / -3 / in diameter, of a deep pur-
ple color, diurnal; berry I'-IJ 7 long, edible; seed oblique, deeply and
irregularly pitted by the confluence of many of the tubercles. Canon
City, Brandegee; Greene.
CEREUS GON ACANTHUS, Eng. & Big. Pac. R. R., 4, p. 33. Ovate,
simple or sparingly branched from the base, 7-ribbed; areolje large,
orbicular, distant; spines robust, angled, straight or variously curved ;
radial ones 8, yellowish, often blackish at base and apex, 8 // -15 // long,
the upper one much larger than the others, 1J'-2J' long, nearly equaling
the central one, w.hich is remarkably stout, angular, and chaneled ; flow-
ers scarlet, open day and night. Caiion City, Brandegee. Pueblo, Greene.
J ECHIXOCACTUS, Link & Otto. Sepals and petals united beyond the sepal-bearing
ovary into a short tube. Berry globose or oval, juicy or dry, covered with scales and
sometimes with wool. Seeds brown or black ; embryo usually curved over a small al-
bumen ; cotyledons short, foliaceous, parallel to the sides of tlie seed. Globose or oval,
mostly simple, generally many ribbed with bunches of spines on the ribs, rarely tu-
berculated; flowers near the top, just above and close 'to the spines of the same season,
usually large, as wide as long, open only in sunshine.
2 CEREUS, Haw. Sepals and petals united above the sepal-bearing ovary into a short,
or, usually, long tube. Berry juicy, globose or oval, beset with scales (sometimes rather
indistinct) or spines. Seeds brown or black ; embryo straight or usually curved, with-
out albumen ; cotyledons short or foliaceous, commonly contrary to the sides of the
seed. Globose or oval, or mostly cylindric or columnar, few or many ribbed, usually
branched, bearing bunches of spines on the ribs ; flowers lateral, just above and close
to the spines of previous seasons, usually large, fully open in sunlight or at night, or
rarely, permanently.
The above species belong to ^Eclilnoccrens, Eng. Heads commonly many, low, oval
or cylindric ; flowers short, mostly as wide as long; ovary covered with bunches of
spines ; stigmas green ; seeds small, tuberculated ; cotyledons short, straight.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 49
CEREUS PHCENICEUS, Eng. Syn. 1. c., p. 28. Heads 2'-3' high,
2' thick, generally forming dense hemispherical masses 1 or more in
diameter, ovate or subglobose, 9-11 ribbed; areolae ovate-orbiculate,
somewhat crowded ; spines setaceous, straight, radial ones 3-12, up-
per ones a little shorter, central ones 1-3, bulbous at base, terete, a
little stronger, 5"-10" long, lowest one longest; stamens shorter than
the petals ; stigmas 6-8. Canon City, Brandegee ; Greene.
CEREUS CONOIDEUS, Eng. & Big. P. R. R., vol. 4, p. 35. Heads
3'-4' high, few from one base, of unequal height, ovate, acutish towards
the apex, conoid, 9-11 ribbed; radial spines 10-12, slender, rigid; upper
ones 2"-5" long, lateral ones 6"-15"; upper central spines hardly longer
than the lateral ones, lower one l'-3' long, angular and often compressed.
Canon City, Brandegee.
CEREUS PAUCISPINUS, Eng. Syn. 1. c., p. 29. Stem 5'-9' high,
2'-3' in diameter, ovate-cylindrical, sparingly branching or simple, 5-7
ribbed; areolae remote; spines strong, 9"-16" long, dark-colored, radial
3-6, central wanting or rare, stout, subangled. Canon City, Brandegee.
OPUNTIA CAMANCHICA, Eng. & Big. Syn. I. c., p. 37. Large,
prostrate, extensively spreading, joints ascending, 6'-7' long, subor-
biculate ; pulvillre remote, numerous, armed ; set* straw-colored or
brownish, few ; spines 1-3, compressed, brownish, paler at the apex,
!J 7 -3' long, upper ones elongated, suberect, the others deflexed; berry
large, juicy, ovate, widely uinbilicate; seeds 2"-3" in diameter, angled,
deeply notched at the hilum. Canon City, Brandegee.
OPUNTIA EAFINESQUII, Eug. Syn. 1. c., p. 39. Very variable.
Gallon City, Brandegee.
OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS, DC. Eng. Syn. 1. c., p. 43. Gray's Manual,
p. 185. Presenting a great variety of forms. Caiion City, Brandegee.
Foot-hills near Denver, Coulter. Colorado Springs, Porter. Frequent in
broad patches on the plains and in the mountains.
OPUNTIA ARBORESCENS, Eng. Syn. 1. c., p. 51. Arborescent,
5-6 high, (but further south 10-20 or more;) branches numerous,
verticillate, horizontal, or pendulous ; joints verticillate, cylindrical ;
tubercles cristate, prominent ; spines 8-30, divaricately stellate ; berry
sub-hemispherical, tuberculate-cristate, yellow, unarmed; seeds regu-
lar. The woody portion of the stems, deprived of the parenchyma, is
often manufactured into canes. Abundant along the Arkansas east of
the mountains, Porter. Cation City, Brandegee.
CUCURBITACEJE.
CUCURBIT A PERENNIS, Gr. PL Lindh. Pt. 2, p. 193. Boot fleshy, very
large, 6'-3 thick, fusiform, yellow inside ; steins trailing on the ground ;
leaves strigose-canescent, cordate-ovate or triangular, narrowed above,
undivided or subsiuuate-repand, margin denticulate; lobes of the
calyx subulate, equal to the tube ; fruit globose, yellow, 2 / -3 / in diame-
ter. Plains and prairies east of the mountains, Porter. Xear Canon
City, Brandegee ; Redfield.
ECHINOCYSTIS LOBATA, T. & G. Gray's Manual, p. 187. ]tfear Den-
ver, Dr. Smith.
CICUTA MACULATA, L. Plains of the Platte, June, Coulter.
SIUM LINEARE, MX. Weston's Pass and White House Mountain at
11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
4 F c
50 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
SIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, L. Near Canon City, Brandegee. Denver,
Porter.
OSMORRHIZA NUDA, Torr. P. R. R., 4, p. 93. Petioles and lower part
of the stems strigosely pubescent ; leaflets broadly ovate, often deeply
3-lobed, coarsely dentate-serrate; peduncles elongated; involucre and
involucels none, or occasionally present though small ; umbel 4-rayed,
rays 4-6 flowered ; styles very short, fruit obtuse, shorter than the pedi-
cels. Too near 0. brevistyla of the Eastern States. Hall & Harbour.
Sierra Mojado, Brandegee.
CYMOPTERUS 1 GrLOMERATUS, DC. Eoot thick and|fusiform ; plant 3'-$'
high ; caudex about I/high, sometimes divided, bearing the leaves and pe-
duncles at the summit ; leaves on long petioles, ternately-divided and bi-
pinnatifid, segments oblong-linear; rays of the umbel 4-6, very short; pe-
duncles much shorter than leaves, 6 // -12 // long; flowers white, those of
the center abortive, pedicellate; leaflets of the palmately 5-7 parted in-
volucel coherent at base and partly adnate to the rays of the mnbellets ;
calyx-teeth subulate; fruit elliptical, 4" long, wings thickened and some-
what spongy, more or less obsolete; vitta3 in each interval 3-4, in the
commissure about 8. Hall & Harbour, 210. Canon City, Brandegee.
Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
CYMOPTERUS MONTANUS, Nutt. Eoot long and fleshy; stem 2 / -6 /
high; caudex 6"-18" long, erect, sheathed at base; leaves glaucous,
ovate in outline, bipinnately divided, segments rather few and distant,
about 3-4 pairs, oblong-linear, rather obtuse ; peduncles shorter or
longer than the leaves; involucre and involucel somewhat campanu-
late, scarious, about 5-parted, segments oblong, obtuse, entire or 5-cleft,
with greenish ribs; flowers white, polygamous; calyx-teeth minute,
ovate ; fruit about 3" long, the integuments thick and opaque so as to
conceal the vitta3, commissure with 4 vitta3; carpophore persistent,
2-parted; wings 6-10, broad and membranous, often unequal; seed more
or less involute. .HiaM & Harbour, 211. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains
near Denver, Coulter.
CYMOPTERUS ALPINUS, Gr. Sill. Jour., (N~. &,) 32, p. 408. Caudex
c3spitose; leaves pinnatlsect, pinnae, 3-5, approximate, 3-7 parted,
segments linear-lanceolate, acutish or mucronate, very entire, or the
lower 2-3 cleft; scape 2 / -4 / high, bearing a subcapitate umbel, a little
longer than the leaves; iuvolucels somewhat one-sided, 5-7 parted, seg-
ments linear or lanceolate, green, equaling the golden flowers; teeth of
the calyx lanceolate, subulate, persistent; wings of the fruit equal, some-
what erose, scarcely undulate; vittse 1-2 in the intervals, 4 in the com-
missure; carpophore none; fruit 2 // -3 // long. High alpine. Hall & Har-
bour, 213; Parry, 158; Canby. Summit of Pike's Peak, Porter. Mount
Lincoln at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
CYMOPTERUS? ANISATUS, Gr. Proc. Ac. Phil, March,I863, p. 33. Acau-
lescent, csespitose from the much-branched caudex, glabrous ; leaves
CYMOPTERUS, Raf. Calyx-teeth rather prominent and setaceous or lanceolate, mi-
nute or obsolete. Petals ovate, oblong or oblanceolate, inflexed, quasi-einarginate.
Disk flattened around the styles, undulate-margined. Fruit ovate or elliptical, obtuse
or retiise, subterete or slightly compressed dorsally; carpels semi-terete; ribs thick
and elevated, all or only the lateral ones or those opposite to the calyx-teeth ex-
panded into wings ; vittse numerous, narrow. Carpophore 2-parted, free or attached
to the carpels. Seeds much compressed dorsally and more or less concave on the face.
Perennial and subeyespitose, with a thickened caudex ; leaves pinnately decompound,
with narrow, small or incisely pinnatitid segments ; umbels compound, usually few-
rayed ; involucral bracts 1-2 or none ; of the iuvolucels several, very narrow or broad
and membranous; flowers white or yellow. Eenth. $ Hook.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 51
4'-6' long, erect, narrow, on long petioles, somewhat rigid, pinnate, the
leaflets 6-10 pairs, piunately parted, segments entire or laciniately
lobed, linear, pungently acute; scapes equaling or exceeding the leaves,
6 / -12 / high; rays 6-12, unequal; involucre usually none; involucels of
6-8 linear, subulate leaflets, equaling the white flowers; calyx-teeth con-
spicuous, linear-subulate, foliaceous; fruit 2" long, irregularly winged,
the lateral ribs and the dorsal one usually broader, rather thick, and not
membranous ; vittse obscure, 1 in each narrow interval, 2-4 in the com-
missure ; seeds slightly concave, somewhat crenately sulcate under the
dorsal intervals. In the mountains. Sail & Harbour, 222; Canby.
MuSENiUM 1 TRACHYSPERMUM, ISTutt. Decumbent ; leaves bipinnati-
fid, segments pinnatifid, rather obtuse, lobes often 2-3 cleft and very
short, rachis wide; involucel about 8 leaved, short; fruit short, oval,
pulverulently-scabrous. Near M. divaricatum, Xutt, but smaller. Fruit
only half as large, nearly as broad as long. Hall & Harbour, 214.
MUSENIUM GREENII, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad., Feb., 1872, v. 8, p. 387. Stem-
less ; leaves all from a caudex squamose at the summit, almost simply
pinnate, narrow ; leaflets 7-9, on a rachis margined only above, sessile y
subovate in outline, piunately 5-7 lobed and few-toothed, teeth and lobes
sharp ; scapes more than a span high, wholly naked; umbels short-
rayed; involucels of 3 or 4 subulate bracts, nearly equaling the subsessile,
yellow flowers ; fruit 2" long, oblong, very obtuse, truncate, smooth,,
crowned with the ovate, subulate calyx-teeth ; ribs rather prominent,
very narrow; vittse between, 1-2, large; beneath, solitary, small. Mount-
ains above Golden City, Greene.
LiauSTiouM APIIFOLIUM, Benth. & Hook., Proc. Am. Acad., 7, p. 347.
( Cynopium, Nutt.J Stems 2-4 high, terete, leafy or naked, branching
towards the summit, with 2-4 umbels on long peduncles; leaves piu-
nately decompound, the segments incisely lobed, acute; cauline leaves
teruate, upon a short dilated sheath; involucre none; involucel few-
leaved, lateral; calyx-teeth obsolete; the stylopodia rather prominent,
with a somewhat \lilated crenate margin ; fruit 2J" long, oval, with
acutely carinate ribs; seeds concave on the face, with a central longitudi-
nal ridge. Platte River and in the Sierra Madre Eange, Coulter. Wet
Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Hall & Harbour, 218.
LIGUSTICUM SCOPULORUM, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad., 1, p. 347. Rather stout,.
2-4 high ; leaves pinnately decompound, segments ovate, deeply incised,,
teeth very acute; fruit elliptical-oblong, 4" long; wings narrow, thick-
ened, intermediate and dorsal 1-2, often obsolete; vittse marked, rather
large, in all the intervals 3, in the lateral ones sometimes 4; section of
the seed almost reniform. Alpine and subalpiue. Hall & Harbour, 216..
Gailon City, Brandegee. Xear Denver, Canby.
LIGUSTICUM MONTANUM, Gr. ( Tliaspium montanum, Gr. PI. Fendl, p..
57,) Proc. Am. Acad., 7, p. 347. Very smooth; stem erect, slender, from a
thick fusiform root, l-2 high; leaves twice ternately divided; leafletscu-
neiform, trifid, lobes oblong or lanceolate, sometimes linear, entire, or the
'MUSENIUM, Nutt. Margin of the calyx 5-toothed ; the teeth persistent. Petals
obovate; the point inflexed. Styles slender, reflexed, rather long. Fruit ovate or
ovate-oblong, laterally compressed. Carpels more or less minutely scabrous, with 5
filiform, acute, slightly prominent ribs. Intervals with 2-3 vittas. Commissure with
4 vitt*. Carpophore 2-cleft. Seed with the sides moderately incurved. Perennial,
dwarf, rather foetid, resiuiferous (North American) herbs, with fusiform roots and a-
short caudex, or branching dichotomously from the base. Leaves 2-3 piuuatitid. In-
volucre none. Involucels unilateral, of a few rather rigid narrow leaflets. Flowers
yellow or white. T. $ G. Fl. N. Am.
52
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
larger ones incised ; petioles with a long dilated, spathaeeous base; in-
volucre none; involucel of about 9 setaceous, unequal leaflets, equaling
the pedicels; flowers bright-yellow; fruit l"-2" long, oblong-oval or
nearly orbicular, marginal wings broad ; the strong vitta3 single or double.
Foliage variable. Hall & Harbour, 217; Porter; Hoopes. Sierra Madre
Range, at 11,500 feet altitude, and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
THASPIUM TRIFOLIATUM, Gr. Near Gallon City and Wet Mountain
Valley, Brandegee.
THASPIUM TRACHYPLEURUM, Gr. Proc. Acad. PML March, 1863, p.
63. Glabrous; stem 1 or more high, striate, 1-3 leaved, bearing 2-3
umbels on long peduncles; leaves ternately decompound, segments fili-
form, rnucronulate; petioles dilated at base, not scarious-margined ; in-
volucre and involucel of 1-3 small, subulate leaflets; flowers yellow;
fruit twin-ovate, laterally compressed, transverse section of the meri-
carps almost orbicular ; ridges or wings 5, similar, thick, suberose, very
obtuse, scabrous, one strong vitta in each of the intervals. Hall &
Harbour, 215; Median. South Park, Porter. Saint Vrain Canon, Bear
Greek and Boulder Canon, Coulter. Grand Caiiou of the Arkansas,
Brandegee.
SESELi 1 HAILLII, Gr. Proc. Am. Ac., June, 1870, v. 8, p. 288. Acauies-
cent from a stout caudex branching at the summit; lea vespinnati sect, 3-5
pairs, segments cuneate or oblong, incised or pinuatind, lobes 3-7,
short, mucronate, sometimes sparingly toothed; scape very simple,
naked, surpassing the leaves, slender, 10' high ; rays of the umbel 4-8,
short, elongated after flowering; iuvolucel deeply parted, divisions ovate,
3-cleft at the summit, longer than the yellow flowers; fruit narrowly ob-
long, very smooth, much longer than the very short pedicel; teeth of the
calyx short, not persistent; vitta3 in the intervals large, often with very
small accessory ones in each rib ; section of the seed transverse, sub-
quadrate. Hall & Harbour, 221. Bear Creek, 17 miles west of Denver,
Vasey. Near Denver, Coulter.
ARCHANGELICA GMELINI, DC. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Cafion
City, Brandegee. Weston's Pass and Mount Lincoln, at 12,500 feet alti-
tude, Coulter. Hall & Harbour, 219.
ARCHEMORA FENDLERI, Gr., PI. Fendl, p. 56. Boot fasciculate-tuber-
ose; tubers 3-4, oblong, about V ; stem simple, slender, l-2 high;
leaves pinnate 5-7 foliolate, leaflets f'-lj' long, those of the radical and
lower cauline ones ovate or oblong, all incisely serrate throughout;
petioles spathaeeous at base; involucels none; umbels small; fruit
small, hardly 2" in length ; oval, the wing-like margins narrower than the
disk; vittae of the commissure 4, of which 2 are shorter; flowers white.
Hall & Harbour, 220. " In subalpine woods," near Cafion City, Bran-
degee. Mount Lincoln, at 12,500 feet altitude, Coulter.
PEUCEDANUM (?) NUDICAULE, Nutt. (?) Caulescent or sometimes
scarcely so, minutely prninose-pubesceut, 3'-15' high; leafy only at
base; leaves bipinnateor ternate-bipinnate, the segments incisely lobed
with usually rather broad and subacute divisions; umbel somewhat
^capitate in flower, with 8-12 rays; involucre none; involucels unilateral,
1 SESELI, L. Margin of the calyx 5-toothed, teeth short, somewhat thick'ened. Petals
obovate, coarctate in an inflexed point, emarginate or subentire. Fruit oval or oblong,
eubterete in the transverse section, crowned by the reflexed styles. Ribs of the meri
carp 5, slightly prominent or elevated, thickened and corky ; lateral ones marginal and
often a little broader. Intervals with a single vittae, rarely 2-3 vitta}. Carpophore
2-cleft. Albumen sub-serniterete. Koch, FL Germ.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 53
of 6-10 membranously margined, more or less united bracts ; petals
white, with an attenuated apex and quasi- obcordate; calyx-teeth short;
fruit pubescent, broadly oval, 3"-4" long and 3" broad, the thickish
wing more than half as wide as the seed; vittse 3 in the intervals, 6
upon the commissure, conspicuous; seed flattened. Hall & Harbour, 212.
SANICULA MARLLANDICA, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Ute Pass, at
9,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
DAUCUS CAROTA, L. Xear Canon City, Brandegee. Introduced.
HERACLEUM LANATUM, MX. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains of the
Platte and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
JtBAUACJB.
ADOXA 1 MOSCHATELLINA, L. Perennial, small and slender, herba-
ceous, 3' high; root tuberous ; radical leaves 2-3 ternately compound, on
long petioles, the cauline solitary, 1-2 ternate or incised ; flowers 4-6,
greenish, in a terminal capitulum, the lateral ones mostly pentamerous,
the terminal tetramerous. An alpine plant found also in the north of
Europe and Asia. It exhales the odor of musk. "Subalpine ; common f
Hall & Harbour, 223; Meehan. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude,
Coulter.
CORTVACEJ:.
CORNUS CANADENSIS, L. Hall & Harbour ; Parry, 437.
CORNUS PUBESCENS, Nutt. ( C. sericea, p. (?) occidental^ T. and G.) Shrub
6 8 high ; branches sub-erect, branchlets spreading, more or less red-
dish, puberuleut when young; leaves l'-4' long, ovate or elliptical, acute
or acuminate, slightly pubescent, pale beneath, obtuse or acute at base;
cymes crowded, pubescent, li'-2' in diameter ; calyx-teeth minute ; petals
white, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse ; stigma small, capitate ; drupe
subglobose, white, becoming lead-color. " Without the calyx-teeth, en-
larged stigma, and woolly pubescence of C. sericea, and nearer to C.
stolonij'era." Watson. Platte River, Coulter.
CAPRIFOLIACE^:.
LINXJEA BOREALIS, Gronov. Hall & Harbour, 224 ; Dr. Smith. Mount
Lincoln at 10,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SYMPHORICARPUS MONTANUS, H. B. K. Shrub, 2-4 high, branching
widely ; leaves very variable, orbicular, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute
or obtuse, entire or sharply cleft and lobed, soft-pubescent and ciliate or
wholly glabrous and often glaucous, J'-IJ' long ; flowers axillary, solitary
on the ends of the short, leafy branches"; bracts much shorter than the
ovary; teeth of the calyx obtuse, glabrous or ciliate; corolla tubular or
funnel-form, 2 // -6 // , nearly glabrous within, usually light pink ; stamens
and style included ; fruit globular or oblong, white. Hall & Harbour,
225. Canon City, Brandegee ; Canby. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Wes-
ton's Pass, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
1 ADOXA, L. Flowers perfect. Tube of the calyx coherent with the lower part of the
ovary; the lirnb slightly 2-3 cleft. Petals 4-5 inserted on the limb of the calyx, united
at the base, spreading. Stamens 4-5, each filament 2-parted; the divisions bearing each
a single : celled peltate anther. Styles 4-5,subulate. Fruit an herbaceous and juicy berry,
4-5 celled, each cell with a single suspended seed. Seeds compressed, with a membrana-
ceous margin. T. 4- G. Fl. N. Am.
54 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
SYMPHORICARPUS OCCIDENT ALIS, K. Br. Hall & Harbour, 227.
Canon City, Brandegee. B. H. Smith. Near Denver and Colorado
Springs, Porter.
LONICERA INVOLUCRATA, Banks. Hall & Harbour, 226. Near Den-
v^r, Dr. Smith. Along streams in the foot-hills and among the moun-
tains, Porter. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA, L., var. PUBENS, Watson. (S. pubens, MX.)
Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Chicago Lakes, at 10,000 feet alti-
tude, Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet, and Mount of the Holy Cross,
Coulter.
VIBURNUM PAUCIFLORUM, Pylaie. Hall & Harbour, 228.
RUB1ACE42.
GALIUM APARINE, L. Near Canon City, Brandegee. Plains of the
Platte, Coulter.
GALIUM ASPERRIMUM, Gr. PL Fendl., p. 60. Stems diffuse, prickly
backward on the angles; leaves all in sixes, lanceolate, attenuate at
base, or the lower obovate-lanceolate and f long, bristly-acuminate,
glabrous, shining, very rough-prickly backwards on the margins and keel
beneath, those of the branches small, much shorter than the peduncle ;
cymes paniculate, several-flowered, dichotomous ; corolla 2" in diameter ;
petals 3-nerved, ovate, acuminate, white, rather large; ovary densely
covered with short uucinate hairs. Cucharas Eiver, Huerfano County,
Greene.
GALIUM TRIFIDUM, L. Hall & Harbour, 230.
GALIUM TRIFLORUM, MX. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
GALIUM BOREALE, L. Very common everywhere among the moun-
tains and exhibiting a great diversity of forms. Hall & Harbour,
229; B. H. Smith; Coulter.
VALER1ANACEJE.
VALERIANA DIOICA, L., var. SYLVATICA, Watson. (V. sylvatica,
Kichards.) Hall & Harbour, 231; Parry ; Brandegee; Dr. Smith; Meehan.
Twin Lakes and Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
VALERIANA EDULIS, Nutt. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City,
Brandegee. Clear Creek Canon and Bear Creek, Coulter.
COMPOSITE.
LIATRIS PUNCTATA, Hook. Stems 8'-3 high from a thick, knotted,
fusiform root, glabrate, leafy to the top ; leaves linear, rigid, strongly
punctate on both sides, glabrous or their margins sometimes cili-
ate, lower ones 3'-5' long, slightly 3-iierved, I' 1 -3" wide, pungently
acute; heads in a dense spike, 4'-10' long, 4-6 flowered; flowers
reddish-purple; scales of the cylindraceoiis involucre oblong, strongly
punctate, imbricated, appressed, with mucronate, acuminate, rather
spreading tips, margins woolly-ciliate; bristles of the pappus about 30,
purplish or white, very plumose; achenia hairy. Hall & Harbour,
315; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. North Park, Dr. Hay den. Eather com-
mon on the plains around Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 55
LiATRis SCARIOSA, Willd. South Park, Canby ; Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee. Plains near Denver, Coulter.
PECTIS^ Pectidopsis) ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr., Ann. JV. T. Lye. 2, p. 214.
Annual, very low, more or less branching from the base, nearly gla-
brous; leaves opposite, narrowly linear, punctate with large pellucid
glands, somewhat connate at base, margins below fringed with a few
bristles; heads on short peduncles on the ends of the branches; flowers
yellow, those of the ray 7-8. " Gravelly banks of streams." Hall &
Harbour, 297. STear Grand Canon of the Arkansas, Redfield.
KUHNIA EUPATORIOIDES, L., var. GRACiLis, T. & G. Leaves numerous,
shorter, linear and mostly entire, minutely pubescent, revolute on the
margins; corymbs loose, paniculate. Canon City, Brandegee. Near Den-
ver, Dr. Smith.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM, L. Near Canon City, Brandegee.
EUPATORIUM BERLANDIERI, DC. (E. ageratifolium, DC., var. Texense,
T. & G.) DC. Prod. 5, p. 167. Bot. Mex. Bound. 2, p. 76; also var. her-
baceum, Gr. PL Wright., 2, p. 74. "Shrubby, glabrous; branches terete,
8triate; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, acuminate, entire at base and
apex with a few crenate teeth between, not glandular ; branches oppo-
site, corymbose at the apex; heads pedicillate, about 25-flowered; scales
of the involucre in about 2 series, linear, acuminate ; acheiiium angled,
slightly scabrous on the angles; pappus almost twice shorter than the
corolla."
Yar. Stem suffruticose only at base, minutely puberulent above but
not glandular ; leaves cordate or triangular-cordate, larger ones 2' long,
iy broad, 3-uerved ; scales of the involucre lanceolate or lauce-linear ;
pedicels somewhat glandular ; pappus nearly equaling the corolla ;
achenia slightly scabrous on the angles. Wet Mountain Valley, Brande-
gee.
BRiCKELLiA 2 CALIFORNICA, Gr. Scurfy -puberuleut ; stems numerous
from a woody base, 1J high, branching; leaves 9"-20" long, thickish,
alternate, petioled, deltoid-ovate or subcordate, acutish, dentate, ob-
scurely 3-uerved from the base, the under surface reticulated; heads
medium-sized, nearly sessile in short axillary racemes, 10-12 flowered;
involucral scales imbricated, obtuse, the outer ones appressed, very
short, inner ones erect, elongated; achenia minute, finely pubescent,
obscurely striate; pappus scabrous. Canon City, Brandegee.
BRICKELLIA GRANDIFLORA, Nutt. Stem 2-2 high, rather stout,
paniculate at summit; leaves cordate-triangular, about 2' long, opposite
or alternate, loug-petioled, coarsely serrate, glabrous or slightly pubes-
cent, dotted with resinous globules beneath ; heads middle-sized or
very large, glomerate at the ends of the panicled branches, about 30-
flowered ; involucral scales in several series, imbricated, outer ones
<PECTTS, L. Heads many-flowered ; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate
pistillate; those of the 'disk perfect, tubular. Involucre cylindrieal-campanulate ;
the scales about 8, in a single series, somewhat eonduplicate. Receptacle naked.
Corolla of the disk 5-toothed, regular. Branches of the style semi-cylindrical ; short.
Achenia crowded with a very short scarious minutely about 5-toothed and somewhat
lacerate pappus. T. $ G. Ft. ^V. Am.
* BRICKELLIA, Ell., Gray, in PL Wrlylit, 1, p. 84. Heads 4-50 flowered. Involucre imbri-
cated; the scales striated, outer ones shorter. Receptacle flat, naked. Flowers all tubu-
lar; the corolla white or yellowish, cylindrical, scarcely expanded towards the summit ;
the teeth very short. Base of the style bulbous and often villous. Achenia with ten
striae, sometimes obscurely 5-angled. Pappus of scabrous-barbellate or slightly plu-
mose bristles. Perennial herbs or sutr'ruticose plants, with opposite or alternate leaves,
and frequently the habit of Eupatorium.
56 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
herbaceous, ovate, with long subulate spreading tips, inner ones ellipti-
cal, acute or acutish, with scarious margins; achenia sparsely hairy
above or glabrous ; pappus deciduous. Hall & Harbour, 313 ; Parry,
423 ; Brandegee; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith; Porter. Sierra Madre Range,
Twin Lakes, Coulter. Throughout the mountains, at all elevations.
NARDOSMIA SAGITTATA, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1, p. 307. Leaves oblong,
acute (or obtuse,) entire, sagittate, the lobes obtuse, DO., (leaves cor-
date or reniform-siiiuate, sinuate-toothed, tomentose beneath). "Near
Pike's Peak/' Hall & Harbour, 314.
ASTER ADSCENDENS, Lindl. T. & O., Fl. N. Am., 2, p. 111. Steins
low, ascending; branches simply racemose or somewhat corymbose;
radical and lower leaves oblong-linear or narrowly spatulate, glabrous,
entire, with ciliate-scabrous margins, the cauline linear-lanceolate,
partly clasping; scales of the hemispherical involucre numerous, closely
imbricated, unequal, nearly glabrous, the exterior linear-oblong, obtuse,
the innermost acute; achenia minutely hairy. Median. Canon City,
Brandegee. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
Var. CILIATIFOLIUS, T. & G. Low; stem not denuded and scapiform,
pubescent above; leaves more proportionate, distinctly ciliated ; scales
of the involucre somewhat acute. Hall & Harbour, 252 ; Parry, 419.
Var. FREMONTII, T. & G., Fl N. Am., 2, p. 503. Stem leafy, 4'-6'
high, simple, bearing 1-2 heads, sometimes more, more or less woolly
pubescent ; leaves thin, cauline ones oblanceolate; scales of the involucre
loose, exterior herbaceous, inner ones narrowly linear, acute; pappus
white. "Alpine and subalpine, in low grounds." Gray's Peak, Dr.
Smith. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
Yar. PARRYI, Watson. Stem l-2 high, often corymbosely much
branched; leaves large, broadly oblanceolate, 5 / -12 / long, l'-2' wide, nar-
rowed into winged petioles, the upper ones gradually smaller and ses-
sile, partly clasping; heads large; in volucral scales finely ciliate, the
outer ones broadly lanceolate with herbaceous tips, scarious below,
loose; peduncles not glandular. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
ASTER L^EVIS, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Near Denver, Dr. Smith;
Hoopes.
ASTER ERICOIDES, L., var. STRICTUS, Porter. Low, f-l high, gla-
brous, except the scabrous margins and ciliate bases of the leaves, erect*
slender, paniculately branched above, branches short; scales of the in-
volucre narrowly linear, lax, outer ones very acute, often entirely green,
inner ones scarious with a central green line; radical leaves narrowly
oblanceolate. "In the mountains at middle elevations," Hall & Har-
bour, 254. Near Denver, Coulter. Foot-hills west of Denver, Porter ;
Meehan; Hoopes.
ASTER MULTIFLORUS, Ait. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. North Park,
Hay den; Coulter.
ASTER FALCATUS, Lindl. Stem minutely pubescent with appressed
hairs, 1-1 high, leafy to the top ; leaves rigid, minutely appressed-
pubescent or smoothish except on the edges, the lower ones spatulate-
lanceolate, obtuse or acute ; 2 / -3 / long, 4 // -6" wide, short-stalked, the
upper ones oblong-linear, sessile, often slightly clasping, those of the
erect branches linear, often slightly falcate; heads terminal on the
branchlets, flattened hemispherical, 4 // -8 // in diameter; scales much im-
bricated, the outer smaller with greenish, appressed or slightly spread-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 57
ing tips and whitish chartaceous margins; achenia pubescent. Twin
Lakes, Coulter.
ASTER CARNEUS, Nees. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. On the
Platte, near Denver, Dr. Smith.
ASTER ^ESTIVUS, Ait M var. L^TIFLORUS, Gr. Varies in its smoother
stem, which is slightly pubescent above, and the spreading tips of the
involucral scales. Canon City, Branfagee.
ASTER OBLONGLFOLIUS, Nutt. Huerfano County, Greene.
ASTER NUTTALLII, T. & G., var. FENDLERI, Torr. Pac. E. R., 4, p. 97.
(A. Fendleri, Gr. PL'FendL, p. 66.) Stems many, from a subligneous
caudex, erect or ascending, 9'-12', high, rigid, rough-scabrous; branches
corymbose-paniculate, bearing one or rarely 2-3 heads ; leaves sessile,
rigid, coriaceous, small, linear, 6"-9" long, mucronulate, very entire,
glabrous, 1-nerved, hispid-ciliate on the margins ; lowest subspatulate,
those of the branches very short ; scales of the campanulate involucre
in 3 series, linear-oblong, glandulose-scabrous, mucronulate, outer ones
herbaceous, obtuse, lax ; inner ones acute, a little longer ; achenia pu-
bescent. Pueblo, Greene. Hall & Harbour. Fremont County, Bran-
degee.
ASTER GLACIALIS, Nutt. Ehizoma thickish, not creeping; stems
2 / -4 / high, erect, minutely pubescent above, bearing a single head,
leafy or nearly leafless ; leaves thickish, glabrous, spatulate-oblong and
lanceolate, radical ones 1' 2 7 long, 2 // -4 // wide, narrowed into a long
petiole, obtuse or even emarginate, canline ones oblong or oblanceo-
late, partly clasping ; scales of the involucre nearly equal, linear-spatu-
late, more or less acuminate, glandular-puberulent or nearly glabrous,
commonly blackish-purple ; rays numerous, white or purplish. " In the
high alpine region," Hall & Harbour, 242. Mount Lincoln and White
House Mountain, at 12,000 feet altitude, August, Coulter.
ASTER SALSUGINOSUS, Bichards. Stem erect, simple, 6'-8' high,
leafy, bearing 1-3 heads, pubescent above with appressed hairs ; radi-
cal leaves broadly spatula te or linear-obovate, with the margined
petiole 2'-9' long, wide, obtuse, glabrous, ciliolate, cauline ones lan-
ceolate and ovate, sessile and partly clasping, very acute, often mi-
nutely downy; heads very large, single, or 3-5 on long peduncles
thickened at the summit; scales of the involucre nearly equal, nar-
rowly linear, glandular-pubescent, lax, with mostly squarrose-spread-
ing or recurved, blackish tips, much shorter than the disk ; rays long,
bright purple ; achenia somewhat hairy. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith.
Twin Lakes, Weston's Pass, and Horse Shoe Mountain, at 11,000 feet
altitude, Coulter.
ASTER ELEGANS, T. & G., var. ENGELMANNI, D. C. Eaton. (A. Engel-
manni,, Gr. Sill. Jour. (N. S.) 33, p. 9.) Stems several from a short
creeping root-stock, 2-3 high, very leafy; leaves sessile, lower ones
oblong, obtuse, the upper ones larger, lanceolate and lance-ovate, often
3' long, nearly 2' wide, entire, scabrous on the margins, minutely
puberulent like the stem and roughened, obscurely 3-nerved and
feather- veined ; inflorescence corymbose, heads peduncled; involucres
turbinate-campanulate, 6"-10" wide; the scales ovate or oblong,
acute, puberuleut, the scarious margins densely lacerate-f ringed ; rays
8-12 in number. Sierra Madre Range, August, Coulter.
ASTER GLAUCUS, T. & G. Stems l-2 high, branching, leafy, erect;
lowest leaves scale-form, the others oblong-linear, closely sessile,
58 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
1-nerved, l'-3' long, 3" -6" wide, pointed, smooth and glaucous, veins
prominently reticulated; heads in contracted corymbs; scales of the
involucre in 3 or 4 series, lacerate-fringed, outer ones oval, obtuse, gla-
brous, inner ones lanceolate, membranous, acute, purple-tinged, as long
as the disk; rays 14-17, purple or pinkish- white ; achenia smooth or
slightly pubescent. North Park, Hayden. Eagle River, Coulter.
ASTER PTARMICOIDES, T. & G. South Park, Canby. Garden of the
Gods, Porter.
ASTER ANGUSTUS, T. & G. Hall & Harbour, 291.
TowNSENDiA 1 SERTCEA, Hook. Steinless, from a. simple or much
branched caudex, l'-2' high; leaves spatulate-linear, silky-can escent,
acute, 1-nerved, 12 // -15 // long, erect, surrounding and partly concealing
the heads (8" long) which are sessile or on very short peduncles ; scales
of the involucre subulate-lanceolate, pubescent, green in the center,
purplish towards the tip; margins scarious, lacerate-ciliate; rays long;
narrow, not spreading; pappus of the disk white, about as long as the
corolla, pappus of the ray of several unequal subulate bristles, much
shorter than the achenium and 1 or 2 long ones (sometimes 9 or 10) simi-
lar to those of the disk flowers ; achenium hairy, hairs minutely capi-
tate. Hall & Harbour, 290. Canon City, Brandegee.
TOWNSENDIA GRANDIFLORA, Kutt. Strigose-canescent ; stems many,
from an annual root thickened at the summit, divaricately branched
from the base, central ones short, erect, the lateral decumbent 5'-10'
long, often proliferous ; leaves l'-2' long, somewhat succulent, linear-
lanceolate, acute, scattered, the uppermost bracteate at the base of the
heads; scales of the involucre lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, with
fimbriate-ciliolate margins, rays 25-30, pale lilac, with a short pappus
composed of lacerate-denticulate squainellge, very short; achenium
minutely hairy. Hall & Harbour, 289. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
Colorado Springs, Porter; Redfield.
MACELER ANTHER A 2 (DIETERIA) PULVERULENTA, Nees. Canescently
puberulent; stems 3'-6' high, much branched from the base, branches
spreading, bearing few heads on rather naked branchlets ; lower leaves
lanceolate, spinulose-serrate, upper ones linear, becoming entire ; scales
of the hemispherical involucre linear or lance-linear, very acute, imbri-
1 TOWNSENDIA, Hook. Heads large ; the rose-colored or whitish rays in one series,
rather long, pistillate, sometimes infertile; disk-flowers perfect, with tubular obconic
5-toothed corollas. Branches of the style lanceolate, acutish, hairy towards the ends.
Involucres hemispherical or subglobose, of numerous rather large, imbricated and
appressed, scarious-margined, lacerate-fringed and often tinted scales. Achenia flat-
tene( , pubescent or hairy, 2-3 nerved. Pappus of numerous stout barbellate bristles,
that ( f the ray commonly shorter, or reduced in part or wholly to short subulate bris
ties < r little scales. Dwarf, stemless or branching, annual or perennial herbs, with
crowded, linear or spatulate, entire radical leaves. Natives of the mountainous regions
east of the Sierras, from the Saskatchewan to New Mexico.
-MACH.ERANTHERA, Nees. Heads many-flowered; the rays conspicuous, pistillate,
fertile, in one species neutral ; disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular, 5-toothed. In-
volucre ovoid-hemispherical, the scales imbricated in several series, oblong or linear,
with spreading or recurved herbaceous points. Receptacle flat, honeycombed, the
cells with toothed edges. Appendages of the style narrowly lanceolate, minutely
hirsute. Anthers said to have "cultriform appendages." Pappus of numerous very
unequal scabrous and rather rigid bristles ; that of the ray flowers somewhat shorter.
Achenia obovate-f usif orrn, slightly compressed, indistinctly striate, pubescent or silky.
Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, with branching stems and piunatifid, toothed, or
even entire leaves. Genus very near to Aster, but may be easiest distinguished from
it by the unequal pappus of disk and ray. Consists of four species found in the region
extending from Oregon to Colorado and southward to Mexico.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 59
cated in about 3 series; rays numerous, pale purple or rose-color ; ap-
pendages of the style subulate ; achenia densely villose. South Park,
Canby ; Porter.
MACH^ERANTHERA CANESCENS, Gr. Minutely canescent with a soft
pubescence ; stem low, much branched, corymbose ; leaves linear, entire
or sparsely toothed towards the apex ; scales of the obovoid involucre
lanceolate, acute, imbricated in about 4 series, with slightly squarrose
tips ; rays 18-20. rather large, purplish-blue ; appendages of the style
subulate-lanceolate. T. & G., Fl. N. Am. 2, p. 101, under Dieteria, Nutt.
Exceedingly variable in its pubescence, inflorescence, size of the
heads, toothing of the leaves, and involucres. Georgetown, Dr. Smith.
Var. LATTFOLIA, Gr., PI. Wright. 2, p. 75. (Dieteria asteroides, Torr., in
Em. Rep., p. 142.) Scabrous pubescent or puberulent ; stems lS'-2 high ;
leaves oblong or lanceolate, sharply and rather coarsely toothed, broader
leaves 6 /7 -8 7/ wide; involucre hemispherical, scales linear, in several
series, with rather short, subulate, green, squarrose tips ; heads large,
variable in size. Foot-hills, near Denver, Porter. Georgetown, Dr.
Smith. Sierra Madre Kange, Coulter.
Var. ALPINA, Porter. Dwarf, 2'-3 7 high, puberulent; radical leaves
cuneate-spatulate, obtuse ; stems short, bearing 1-2 large heads, V in
diameter; scales of the involucre lance-linear, tips long, squarrose-
spreading, glandular-pubescent. Alpine. Parry, 1872.
MACH^ERANTHERA TANACETIFOLIA, Kees. (Dieteria coronopifolia,
Kutt. T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2, p. 101.) Pubescent and somewhat viscid,
diffusely branched below, branches 6 / -12 / long, branchlets terminated
by single showy heads; radical and lower leaves bi-pmuatifid, petioled,
the upper pinnatifid with the segments toothed or incised ; scales of
the involucre nearly equal, in about 3 series, linear, with a short, ap-
pressed, somewhat cartilaginous base, and very long, acute, loose, spread-
ing, herbaceous tips ; rays about 20, large, reddish-purple ; appendages
of the style subulate ; pappus pale reddish-brown, copious, rather rigid ;
achenia obovate, many-striate, villous. Hall & Harbour, 285. Canon
City, Brandegee. Canby. Georgetown, Dr. Smith. Denver, Redfield.
DIPLOPAPPUS ERICOIDES, T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2, p. 182. Strigosely
canescent ; stems 2'-6' high, branching from a suffrutescent base ; leaves
narrowly spatulate or linear, 2"-6" long, crowded, appressed or spread-
ing, rigid, mucronate, often bristle tipped, conspicuously ciliate ; heads
terminal on the ends of the strict branches, rather small; scales of the
involucre lanceolate-linear, in about 3 series, acute, 1-nerved, with scari-
ous margins ; rays rather short, white ; exterior pappus very minute ;
achenia pubescent. Hall & Harbour, 233. Canon City, Brandegee.
ERIGKERON CANADENSE, L. Near Canon City, Brandegee. Denver,
Dr. Smith; Coulter.
ERIGERON DIVARICATUM, MX. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith.
ERIOERON COMPOSITUM, Pursh. More or less canescently hirsute ;
stems 2 / -6 / high, several from a perennial root-stock, scape- like or with
a few leaves near the base, and one or two linear bracts higher up ;
leaves on long petioles, 1-3 times teruately divided or parted, lobes ob-
long-linear, obtuse ; scales of the involucre linear, in 2 rows, outer ones
herbaceous, inner ones scarious with narrow margins and long slender
tips ; rays many, twice the length of the involucre ; white, pale-pink,
or blue ; achenia hirsute ; pappus of 12-15 bristles, with a few minute
setae intermixed. Hall & Harbour, 234. Gray's Peak, B. H. Smith.
60 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLOKADO.
Summit of Pike's Peak, Porter. Snow Mass Mountain, at 13,000 feet
altitude, Mount Lincoln at 12,000 feet, and Long's Peak, Coulter. Sangre
de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Gray's Peak, Redfield.
ERIGERON TRIFIDUM, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 17, 1. 120. Hirsute ;
stems 2 / -3 / high, leafy below, naked or scape-like with 1-2 linear bracts,
bearing a single head ; leaves on long petioles, deeply 3-cleft or lobed,
segments short, very obtuse, the middle one orbicular, the lateral occa-
sionally 2-lobed; scales of the involucre lance-linear, hirsute, about the
length of the disk ; rays twice as long, white or blue, rather broad ;
achenium minutely hairy; pappus hispid-scabrous, as long as the disk
of the corolla. Alpine. White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet altitude,
Coulter.
ERIGERON TJNIFLORUM, L. Sparsely pubescent, becoming somewhat
glabrous ; stem 3'-6' high, bearing a single head ; lower leaves spatu-
late, cauline lanceolate or linear, obtuse or acute, entire ; pistillate flow-
ers nearly all ligulate; rays somewhat erect, scarcely twice the length of
the very woolly involucre; wool deep-purple or sometimes light-colored,
or white. Hall & Harbour, 243. Snow Mass Mountaiu, at 13,000 feet
altitude, and Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet, Coulter.
ERIGERON GRANDIFLORUM, Hook. Perennial, hirsute and somewhat
woolly ; caudex thick ; stems 1-5, 3' -8' high, rather leafy, bearing a
single head; radical leaves oblong-spatulate, l'-2'- long, 2" -3" wide,
those of the. stem smaller and linear-lanceolate; heads solitary, large ;
involucre very woolly; scales herbaceous, elongated, with naked purple
tips ; rays numerous, long, white or purple ; achenia sparingly hirsute ;
pappus of barbellate setae rather shorter than the disk corollas, and
with a few very short ones intermixed. Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet alti-
tude, July, Coulter.
Yar. ELATIUS, Gr. Sill. Jour. (N. S.) 33, p. 8. l-2 high, very leafy,
pilose; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base; all the
leaves scabrous-pubescent, mucronate-apiculate ; upper ones ovate and
ovate-lanceolate, or sometimes narrowly lanceolate, sessile by a some-
what clasping base ; heads solitary or corymbose, 2-6, large ; involucre
often I 7 broad, densely woolly; rays numerous, narrow, pale-pink. Dif-
fers so much from the typical form that it might well constitute a dis-
tinct species. Hall & Harbour, 238 ; Dr. Smith. Weston's Pass and
Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
ERIGERON GLANDULOSUM, Porter, (n. sp.) Minutely glandular-puber-
uleut, and hirsute with long, scattered, spreading, jointed hairs ; stems
simple, one or several from a thick, woody, often branched caudex, bear-
ing single heads ; leaves narrowly spatulate, radical ones 2 / -4 / long ;
heads, including the numerous purple or blue rays, 9"-15" broad ; scales
of the involucre in about 3 series, equaling the disk, lance-linear, inner
ones scarious, more or less purplish ; achenia sparingly hirsute ; pappus
with shorter bristles intermixed with the longer ones.-*-Near E. ursinum,
Eaton, in King's Rep., v. 5, p. 148. Hall & Harbour, 235. Clear Creek
Canon, Boulder Cation, and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
ERIGERON ARMERL^FOLIUM, Turcz. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. v. 8, p.
648. Hall & Harbour, 232, (as E. acre, L.) South Park, Porter.
Twin Lakes and on the Upper Arkansas, Coulter.
ERIGERON BELLIDIASTRUM, Eutt. Annual, hirsute-pubescent, 1 or
more high ; stem corymbosely much branched, leafy throughout ;
branches elongated and divaricately spreading; lower leaves on slender
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 61
petioles, entire and oblanceolate, canline ones sessile, smaller, oblong-
linear or linear-spatulate ; heads few or many, rather small, terminating
the branches, pedunculate; involucre hirsute-can escent; rays very
many (60-70,) white or pale-red, narrowly linear, twice as long as the
involucre; achenium minutely pubescent; pappus simple and wholly
deciduous from a broad and white epigynous disk. Plains and moun-
tains. South Park, Canby. Colorado Springs, Porter.
ERIGERON MACRANTHUM, Nutt. Pubescent or nearly smooth ; stems
9'-30' high, several from a creeping rhizoma, leafy to the summit; leaves
smooth or hairy, ciliate on the margins, obtuse, acute or acuminate,
inucroimlate, entire, the lowest oblong-spatulate, tapering into a petiole,
2 / -4' long, 6" -8" wide, the upper oblong or broadly ovate lanceolate,
3-nerved, the lateral nerves starting from the base, partly clasping;
heads several, 3-13, corymbose, sometimes very large; involucre of many
very narrow-linear, acuminate, herbaceous, glabrous or glandular scales,
which are sometimes pubescent; rays blue or purple, numerous; achenia
2-3 nerved, slightly hairy; outer pappus of short, slender set*. Varies
greatly as to the amount of pubescence. South Park and Chiaun Canon,
Porter. Pike's Peak and mountains west of Denver, Canby. Twin Lakes
and in the Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
ERIGERON GLABELLUM, Nutt. Pubescent or nearly glabrous; stems
9'-20' high, single or few from a short erect caudex, simple or sparingly
corymbose at the summit; radical leaves narrowly or broadly spatulate,
tapering into a long or short petiole, sometimes serrate or incisely
toothed; lower cauline ones oblong, lanceolate, tapering into long, mar-
gined petioles, the upper ones scattered, lanceolate or linear, sessile and
partly clasping; heads few, large, 10"-15" broad, on long, strict peduncles
which are enlarged above; rays very narrow and numerous; involucre
hirsute or nearly smooth ; achenium and pappus as in the last. Hall
& Harbour, 240. Canon City, Brandegee. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith.
ERIGERON COTJLTERI. Porter, (n. sp.) Stem simple from a slender root,
6'-12 / high, bearing a single head, smooth below, pilose-pubescent above,
leafy to the top; leaves thinnish, pubescent with ciliate margins, all
more or less serrate-denticulate, mucronate, erect, gradually diminishing
in size upward; lower ones oblong-spatulate or elliptical, tapering into a
margined, ciliate petiole, upper ones oblong or lanceolate, acute or acumi-
nate, sessile and partly clasping; head large, l'-2' broad including the
numerous white rays; involucre about 9" broad, hemispherical, densely
pilose but scarcely woolly; scales lance-linear, with scarious margins, tips
elongated, subulate, spreading, glandular; achenia pubescent; bristles
of the pappus minutely scabrous, outer ones short and few; alveoli of
the receptacle rough, with lacerate margins. Weston's Pass, at 10,000
feet altitude, July 19, Coulter.
ERIGERON PUMILUM, Nutt. Very hirsute with spreading hairs, stems
6'-10' high, rather stout, numerous from an erect, branching caudex,
simple or sparingly branched, bearing 1-3 peduncled heads, leafy; lower
leaves linear-spatulate, 2'-2' long, l"-3" wide, upper ones narrowly
linear, passing into subulate "bracts; heads 9 // -12' / broad; scales of the
involucre numerous, nearly linear, hirsute; rays white, 30 of them, 1'
wide, twice or nearly three times as long as the involucre; achenia
slightly hairy; outer pappus of minute subulate bristles. Upper Arkan-
sas, Porter. Saint Vrain Eiver, Coulter.
ERIGERON DIVERGENS, T. & G. Somewhat hoary with a minute hir-
sute pubeseuce, diffusely branched from the base, branches ascending,
62 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
4 / -12 / long; leaves small, entire, acute, the radical somewhat spatulato,
narrowed into a short petiole, the cauline scattered, sessile, linear, nar-
rowed at the base; heads small, mostly solitary, terminating the naked
branchlets or peduncles; rays very narrow and numerous, twice the
length of the hirsute involucre, purplish ; inner pappus of few, very
slender and deciduous bristles. Hall & Harbour, 237 and 246; Hoope*.
Chicago Lakes, at 12,000 feet altitude, Coulter. Brandegee; Dr. 8tnith.
Colorado Springs, Porter.
ERIGERON CANUM, Gr., PI. Fendl., p. 67. Stems 3'-4' high, simple?
leafy to the summit, from a thick root, caespitose, bearing single heads,
silky-canescent as well as the very entire, Imear-spatulate leaves; rays
white, in about one series, twice longer than the white-hirsute involucre;
achenia very glabrous, narrow, with about 10 conspicuous ribs; pappus
of the ray and disk similar, double, the outer of very short subulate
setaceous bristles. "Common on low mountains," Hall & Harbour, 244
(as E. ccespitosum, ^N"utt.)
GuTiERREZiA 1 EuTHAMi^E, T. & G. Stems woody and much branched
at the base, numerous, 6'-15' high, angled, leaves crowded, narrowly
linear, acute, attenuate at the base, l'-2' long, J"-l" wide, 1-nerved,
scabrous, punctate, resinous and sometimes varnished; corymb com-
pound, fastigiate, contracted; heads small, glomerate, turbhiate-cylin-
drical; involucre scarcely 2" long and I" broad, narrowly obovate;
flowers of the ray 2-5, the disk 3-6; pappus of 9-10 obtuse, unequal,
erose-denticulate, chaffy scales, a little shorter than the achenium.
Hall & Harbour, 294. Caiiou City, Brandegee. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
Canby.
SOLIDAGrO VlRGA-AUREA, L., var. MULTIRADIATA, T. & G. Stems vil-
lose- pubescent especially towards the summit, most 1 v .simple, S'-15' high ;
leaves ciliate, oblong-lanceolate; radical ones obovate and narrowed
into a petiole; heads large, in a dense compound raceme or loosely
corymbose; scales of the involucre ciliolate, acute; rays 8-18. Hall A-
Harbour, 251. Sierra Madre Eange and Twin Lakes, Coulter. George-
town, Dr. Smith.
Var. ALPINA, Big. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. South Park, Twin Lake
Creek and Horse Shoe Mountain, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
Var. HTJMILIS, Gr. (8. humilis, Pursh.) Sierra Madre Range, Coulter-
SOLID AGO GUIRADONIS, Gr., Proc. Am. Ac., v. 6, p. 54.3. Smooth, stem
slender, erect, 2-3 high, from a woody rhizoma; lowest leaves
lanceolate, 6' long, 3"-5" broad, tapering into a margined petiole, the
cauline ones very narrowly linear, 2'-3' long, 3"-5" broad : panicle -ivrt,
not one-sided, very narrow and composed of fe\v and rather small
heads; involucral scales, linear, acuminate, the mid vein broad and
1 GUTIERREZIA, Lagasca. Heads small or middle-sized, 6-90 flowered ; the rays pistil-
late, fertile ; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect and fertile. Involucre varying from nar-
rpwly-obconic to broadly-hemispherical ; the scales closely imbricated in several series,
rigid, and with greenish herbaceous tips. Receptacle naked. Corolla* yellow ; of the
ray oval, oblong or linear; of the disk fnnnel-shaped, 5-toothed. the teeth erect or re-
curved. Branches of the style in the ray-flower, linear. smooth : the stigmatic lines
extending to the top; in the disk with the' hairy appendages shorter or >. \ eral times
longer than the stigmatic portion. Achenia oblong or ohconi' . terete or somewhat
compressed. Pappus of the disk composed of several oblong or linear chatty scales, or
reduced to a lacerate i-oioniform bonier; of the ray similar to that of the disk, bat
commonly smaller or sometimes obsolete. Mostly perennial and suti'ruti<-o>.c- plants of
North and South America, with glabrous and often resinous-dotted or varnished linear
and entire, or broader and denticulate leaves.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 63
prominent : rays S-9, scarcely longer than the 10-12 flowers of the disk ;
achenia pubertdeut.
Var. SPECTABILIS. D. C. Eaton, King's Rep., v. 5, p. 154. Stem stout,
3 : -4 high; lower and radical leaves broadly oblanceolate, S'-ii:' ioug,
$'-Ut' wide, the petiole dilated at the base, upper ones sessil ', lanceo-
late : panicle oblong, densely many-flowered ; heads rather large, invo-
lucral scales oblong-linear, mostly obtuse; flowers of the ray 12-15, of
the disk about 20. The affinities of this plant seem to us to connect it
rather with S. speciosa than S. Guiradonis. Glen Eyrie, Porter. Canon
City. Brandegee.
SOLIDAGO PUAIILA. T. & G. Caespitose, glabrous and somewhat
resinous : stems 4'-9' high, very many from a stout underground woody
caudex; leaves crowded, narrowly lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, very
acute and somewhat mucrouate, the radical ones 2 / -3 / long, 2"-3" wide,
narrowed into a short petiole ; heads sessile in little clusters, which are
arranged in a dense fastigiate corymb ; involucres cylindrical-oblong,
the closely imbricated scales cariuate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, with
scarions margins and appressed, scarcely herbaceous tips, rather obtuse ;
rays 1-3 ; disk flowers 3-4 ; achenia glabrous. Colorado, Vasey.
SOLIDAGO RIGTDA. L., var. HU3HLIS, Porter. Stems 12 / -18 / high, slen-
der; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute, very scabrous;
heads of flowers smaller ; scales of the involucres narrower. Rather
frequent. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Porter ; Coulter, ^"ear
Denver. Dr. Smith.
SOLIDAGO XE^IOEALTS, Ait. Very variable, presenting in the Eocky
Mountain region a great diversity of forms, among which the most
conspicuous is
Var. MOLLIS, Bartl. (!) FL X. Am., v. 1, p. 229. Stem-leaves obovate or
oval, crowded, oil en 2'-2 / long, I'-IJ' broad; low, about 1 high, rather
stout: branches of the panicle much contracted or somewhat spreading;
heads rather larger. Platte River near Denver, Dr. Smith. Twin Lakes ,
Coulter.
SOLIDAGO MISSOURIENSIS. Xutt. Hall & Harbour, 249. Eastern
plains of Colorado, Dr. Smith. Near Denver, Porter.
SOLIDAGO CA^ADE>*SIS, L. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Eagle
River. Coulter.
SOLIDAGO LA^CEOLATA, T. G. Hall & Harbour, 247. Canon City,
Brandegee. On the Platte, Dr. Smith.
SOLIDAGO OCCIDENTALS. T. & G. Very near the last, but differs
in its more paniculate and less corymbose inflorescence ; flowering
branches more strict, with the upper leaves becoming very small and
linear: heads of tiowers pedicellate ; scales of the involucre loosely im-
bricated. Some of its forms, however, appear to approach S. lanceolata
too closely. Georgetown. Dr. Smith.
BiGELOViA 1 HOWABDH, Gr., Proc. Am. Acad., v. 8. p. 641 (Linosyris How-
'BIGELOVIA. DC. (Li.no9}fns. Lobel., CJirysothamnus, Xutt.) Heads 5-many-flow-
ered, the (yellow ) flowers all tubular and perfect. Involucre obconic or eanipauulate ;
the somewhat rigid and cariiiate scales imbricated in several series: the innermost
elongated: the outer ones shorter and passing into the leaves. Eeceptacle alveolate-
toothed, the teeth lacerate, or sometimes becoming cuspidate processes. Corollas
slender, the expanding limb 5-cleft. Style with flattened branches: the stigmatic
portion oblong or linear: the pubescent appendages lanceolate or often elongated.
Acheuia oblong, villous or pubescent, sometimes glabrous. Pappus of copious unequal
scabrous capillary bristles. Perennial herbs or surrrnticose plants, branched irorn the
base and corymbose or sub-pan icnlate at the summit, often resinous and having a
strong balsamic but unpleasant odor: leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile.
64 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ardii, Parry, Proc. Amer. Acad,, v. 6, p. 541.) Shrubby, 6'-18' high ; younger
branches white- woolly ; leaves linear, 1-uerved, from webby becoming
smooth, l'-2' long, the uppermost about as long as or exceeding the
corymbose, crowded heads ; involucre cylindrical, 5-6 flowered ; scales
rather loose, all of them finely acuminate; tube of the pale yellow
corolla sparingly villous ; achenia linear, pubescent. Parry. Wet Moun-
tain Valley, Brandegee.
BIGELOVIA PARRYI, Gr., Proc. Am. Acad., v. 8, p. 642. (Linosyris
Parryi, Gr. Proc. Acad. Phil. March 1863, p. 66.) Shrubby, 9'-18' high ;
branches virgate, white woolly, becoming smooth; leaves 2'-4' long, lin-
ear, almost glabrous, sub viscous, 3-nerved, acute, plane, larger ones 2"
wide and tapering to the base ; floral leaves similar, far surpassing the
heads which are crowded in a narrow thyrsus ; heads about 9" long, ib-
liose-bracteate ; involucre 10-15 flowered, cylindraceous, series few, scales
sublax, imbricate, whitish, lanceolate, all attenuate acuminate ; tube of
the corolla hirsutulous ; achenia linear, hoary-pubescent. Hall & Har-
bour, 293 ; Parry, 413; Canby. Mount Elbert near Twin Lakes, at 10,000
feet altitude, Coulter.
BIGELOVIA BIGELOVII, Gr., Proc. Am. Ac., v. 8, p. 642. (Linosyris
Bigelovii, Gr., in Bot. Whippl. 42, 1. 12.) Subcinereous, woody, very much
branched, 2 high and more; branches rigid, slender, broom-like, younger
ones whitened ; leaves revolute on the margins, filiform ; involucre 5-flow-
ered, narrow, scales chartaceous, of the same color, moderately carinate,
appressed, outer ones oblong-lanceolate, woolly-ciliate, rather acute, inner
ones narrower, often acuminate ; limb of the corolla narrow, shortly
5-lobed; bristles of the pappus scarcely rigid, longer than the corolla; ap-
pendages of the style elongate-subulate or filiform, hispidulous, mostly
longer than the linear stiginatic portion ; achenia very glabrous, linear,
4-6 angled, with a broad epigynous disk. Wet Mountain Valley, Bran-
degee. The specimens vary from the typical form in their smaller heads
and more spreading scales of the involucre.
BIGELOVIA DEPRESSA, Gr., Proc. Am. Acad., v. 8, p. 643. (Chrysotham-
nus depressus, Nutt ; PL Gamb., p. 171. Linosyris depressa, Torr., Sit-
greaves 1 Rep.,\). 161.) Glabrous, woody; branches a span high from a
decumbent base; leaves lanceolate or oblauceolate, inucronate-aeute,
short, 6" long, rigid ; scales of the involucre elongated-lanceolate, gradu-
ally acuminate, smooth, chartaceous, of the same color ; lobes of the
corolla short; bristles of the pappus rigid, longer than the corolla;
achenia very smooth, 4-6-augled, with a broad epigynous disk. Col-
lected by Parry in the Sangre de Gristo Eauge.
BIGELOVIA GRAVEOLENS, Gr., Proc. Am. Acad., v. 8, p. 644. (Linosy-
ris graveolens, T. & G., Fl. N. Am., 2, p. 234.) Shrubby, very much
branched, l-4 high, branches pulverulent-tornentose, whitish, some-
times smooth and greenish; leaves narrowly linear, not punctate, broader
ones 3-nerved, narrower ones 1-uerved, if -2' long, J"-l" wide; heads
large, 5 flowered, clustered, corymbose or panicled ; involucre oblong, 4"
long,!" wide, scales few, imbricated in about 3-series, glabrous, 5-ranked,
cariuate, outer ones Very short, innermost linear, half as long as the bril-
liant yellow flowers ; appendages of the style linear-subulate, longer than
the stigma-tic portion ; pappus of very fine soft bristles nearly as long as
the corolla ; achenia hairy. Hall & Harbour, 292. Canon City, Bran-
degee. Canby. Denver, Dr. Smith. On the Platte, Coulter.
BiGELOViADouGLASii, Gr., 1. c., p. 645. ( Linosyris mscidiflora, T. & G.
I. c.) Shrubby, densely branching, 1 high, older branches with gray
bark, younger ones smooth, slightly angled; leaves narrowly or broadly
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. (NJ
linear or lanceolate, rigid, 8"-12" long, glabrous, or slightly scabrous
on the margins ; heads small, 5-6-flowered, clustered in dense flat co-
rymbs; involucre 2"-3" long, obcouic, of loosely imbricated, glab-
rous, sometimes resinous or glutinous, oblong-linear, obtuse scales, the
outer ones very short ; corolla at first scarcely exserted, but as the aehe-
nium grows it considerably exceeds the involucre; style as in the last;
achenia hairy ; pappus of rather rigid and scabrous setae.
Var. STENOPHYLLA, Gr., 1. c., p. 64G. Leaves very narrowly linear or
filiform ; heads 3-5-flowered. Wet Mountain Valley, Erandegee.
Var. LATIFOLIA, Gr., /. c., p. 646. ( Linosyris vixcidiflora, var. latifolia,
Eaton in King's Rep. 5, p. 157.) Leaves oblong, I'-l-J' ioiig,o"-G" wide.
North Park, Dr. Haijdtn.
Var. SEKKULATA, Gr., I. c., p. 64(>. (Linoxyris xerrulata, Torr. in Stansb.
Rep., p. 389.) Margins of the leaves ciliate or minutely serrulate, with very
short rigid bristles, otherwise nearly glabrous. Hall & Harbour, 295.
South Park, Canby ; Porter. Upper Arkansas, Coulter. Wet Moun-
tain Valley, Brandegee.
Var. TORTIFOLIA, Gr., 1. c., p. 646. Like the preceding, bnt the leaves
spirally twisted. Bather common. Upper Arkansas, Porter. South
Park, Coulter. Wet Mountain A" alley, Brandegee.
A PLO PAPPUS 1 RUBIGINOSTJS, T. & G. Viscidly pubescent and cine-
reous; stems erect or decumbent, corymbosely branched, lO'-lS' high;
leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong, laciuiate-incised, the divaricate
teeth produced into pellucid bristles; heads subglobose, few or many,
corymbose, terminating the leafy branches, often bracteate ; scales of
the involucre linear, acute, bristle tipped, viscidly-puberulent, in about
2 series, nearly equal, loose, at length spreading; alveoli of the recep-
tacle pilose-fimbriate ; achenia turbinate, densely silky -villous; pap-
pus reddish brown. Platte River, near Denver, Dr. Smith. Hull & Har-
bour, 287.
APLOPAPPUS SPINULOSUS, DC. Herbaceous, canesceut with a soft,
minute, woolly pubescence; stems many, l-2 high, corymbosely
branched above; leaves small, 9 // -12 // long, rigid, pinnately or some-
what bi-piunateiy parted, segments short, linear-subulate, 'mucronate
with a short bristle; heads small, subglobose, terminating the numer-
ous branchlets ; involucre shorter than the disk, scales subulate-lanceo-
late, mucroimlate, imbricated in 3-4 series, appressed, eauescent; rays
20-30; corolla of the disk with very short teeth ; pappus pale or tawny,
shortj very unequal; achenia turbinate, villous. Canon City, Brande-
gee. Plains near Denver, Dr. Smith. Hall < Harlonr, 288; Canby.
Colorado Springs, Red field.
i's. I'ass. (Maeronema f Ericameria, Menotnx, Ixopapputt, Aplopappus, Pyrro
coma and Prionopsis of Torrey & Gray's J-Vo/'rt.) Heads few-many-flowered; ray-Ho\vors
3-maiiy, pistillate, fertile; those of 'the disk tubular, perfeet, generally fertile, invo-
lucre cylindrical, turbiuate, campanulate, or hemispherical; the scales imbricated in
few-several series, from linear-subulate varying to broadly oval, with or without folia-
ccous tips; the outer ones sometimes smallest, sometimes very lar^e and leaf-like.
hVceptaele Hat, alveolate. Corolla of the disk funnel-shaped, or slightly dilated nit-
ward. 5-toothed. (Style of the disk flowers with the branches flattened, sometimes
broadly lanceolate, but more frequently much elongated, the subulate hispid appen-
dages much longer than the stigmatic portion. Achenia oblong or linear, mostly terete
01- turbinate, villous or pubescent, rarely glabrous. Pappus simple, white or brownish :
of copious, mostly unequal scabrous, somewhat rigid or soft capillary bristles. Peren-
nial herbs or surfrutii-ose plants, with entire or pinnately -toothed or serrate leaves:
the heads often large and solitary, but sometimes smaller and corymbose or somewhat
panieled. Natives of Western North America and parts of South America : the flowers
always yellow, but showing great diversity in the size of the heads and in the rays,
styles, pappus, etc. The few rayless species are not easily separated from Linosyri*.
5 F
(Hi SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
APLOPAPPUS MA cm >N mi A , ( 1 r., Proc. Am. A cad., v. 0, p. 541*. ( Macro-
nema dittcoidea, Nutt.) Branches erect from a woody base, 0'-9' high, terete,
white- to mentose ; leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, 8"-12"long,
2"-3 // wide, obscurely 3-nerved, minutely glandular and scabrous; heads
single or few in a corymb, turbiuate; scales of the involucrefew, sub-equal,
broadly lanceolate, glandular, the outer ones more or less herbaceous ;
heads- about 25-flowered; rays none; branches of the style very long,
filiform, much exserted, the hispid portion twice as long as the stigmatic ;
achenia pubescent. Hall (( Harbour, 290. Twin Lakes and Sierra Ma-
dre Range, Coulter.
APLOPAPPUS PYCKMLKUS, Or. (titenotux pyama'nx, T. & G. FL 3 T . Am.
2, p. 2.37.) Stems l'-2' high from a branching caudex, 1-flowered ; radical
leaves oblong-spatulate, I'-IJ' long, obtuse, somewhat 3-nerved, fimbri-
ate-ciliate; cauliue leaves 3^-4; head braeteate; outer scales of the
involucre foliaceous, oblong, or broadly obovate, very obtuse, pubes-
cent, inner ones oblong, rather acute, tinged with purple ; rays 12-10,
shorter than the scales of the involucre ; achenium pubescent. Alpine.
Hall & Harbour, 250. La Plata Mountain, at 14,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegec. Gray's Peak. Dr. timith; Meehan.
APC.OPAPPUS LYALLT, Gr., Proc. Am. Acad., March, 1803, p. 04. Note.
Pruinose-glandular throughout; stems 2'-3' high, leafy, monocephalous:
leaves very entire, sub-membranous, generally inucronate; radical
and lower' ones oblong-spatulate or oblauceolate, attenuate at the
base, uppermost lanceolate ; scales of the involucre loosely imbricated
in about 3 series, lanceolate, of nearly equal length, inner ones
acuminate with red tips, glaudulose-puberulent ; ligules 10-20, linear,
rather long; achenia almost linear, very glabrous ; hairs of the pappus
white, rather rigid, equaling the corolla of the disk. Alpine. Parry,
1873.
APLOPAPPUS INULOIDES, T. G. Tomentose-woolly throughout, the
pubescence mostly persistent; stems branching from a woody caudex,
ascending, 4'-7' long ; radical leaves lanceolate, acute, tapering to the
base, entire, cauline ones lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, partly
clasping; heads solitary, large ; involucre about 1 ; in diameter, scales
in several series, oblong, obtuse or acute, pubescent or woolly ; rays
very numerous, scarcely twice the length of the involucral scales, deep
yellow; achenia hairy. Subalpine. ffall& Harbour, 155. Sierra Mad re
Range, Coulter.
APLOPAPPUS CROCEITS, Gr., Proc. Am. Acad., Mar., 1803, p. Or>. Xote.
Stem l-li high, sparingly leaved, monocephalous, at first woolly;
leaves coriaceous, glabrous, very entire, not conspicuously reticulated:
radical ones oblong-lanceolate, with the petiole O'-l long, cauliue lan-
ceolate or oblong, partly clasping at base; head naked, very large; in-
volucre hemispherical, 1' in diameter; scales oval, very obtuse, inner
ones somewhat erose-scabrous on the margin ; rays 50 or more, much
exserted, nearly 1' long, saffron -colored above; ovaries short, very
smooth ; pappus whitish, equaling the corolla of the disk. Subalpine.
Hall & Harbour, 257. Middle Park and Sierra Madre Range. Coulter.
APLOPAPPUS FREMONTIT, Gr., Jour. Bout. Xat. Hist. /SV., v. 5.
Glabrous; stems erect or ascending from a woody base, / -12 / high.
corynibosely branched above, leafy ; leaves oblong, or linear-oblong, ses-
sile, partly clasping at the base, acute with a mucrouate tip, entire or oc-
casionally somewhat denticulate; lower ones 2 / -2 / long, W-l" wide,
tapering to the base; upper ones clasping by a broad base; heads termi-
nating the leafy branches, globose, about V in diameter; scales of the
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 67
involucre in 3-4 series, lance-ovate, with acuminate, spiny tips, some-
wbat villous -pubescent, with narrow, scarions margins; rays 6"-8"long,
lance-ovate, yellow ; pappus a little shorter than the corolla and rather
longer than the very smooth acheniurn. " Low Mountains, lat. 39, w
Hall ct> Harbour, 258." Canon City, Brandegee. Meelian.
APLOPAPPUS PARRYI, Gr. Stems 1-3 from a branching caudex,
subviscoits-puberulent above, 12'-1(>' high ; leaves almost glabrous,
very entire, lower ones oblanceolate or spatulate, tapering to the base,
obtuse, the others acute, upper ones broader at the base, partly clasp-
ing; heads numerous, corymbed, on short pedicels; scales of the cam-
pauulate involucre broad lanceolate, somewhat coriaceous, with some-
what leafy tips, loose; rays 15-20, small, yellow, narrowly-linear, but
little longer than the disk flowers; pappus white, not rigid. Hall <r
Harbour, 259 ; Parry; Canby. Chiann Canon, Porter. Twin Lakes and
Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
GRODELIA 1 SQUARROSA, Dinial. Glabrous and viscidly resinous:
sterns herbaceous from a perennial caudex, 1 to 2 high, corymbosely
branched above; leaves somewhat rigid, glaucous and punctate, radical
ones spatulate-lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, dentate or incised,
cauline mostly oblong, sessile and partly clasping, rather obtuse, finely
toothed or spinulose-serrate; heads numerous, subglobose, 6" broad; the
scales very rigid, close-appressed, but with very long re flexed, squarrose,
subulate points, resinous; rays numerous, rather narrow: pappus of 2-4
very rigid, deciduous bristles or awns. Very common on the plains.
Hall <1> Harbour, 286. Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs. Porter.
B. H. Smith. On the Platte, Coulter.
CHRYSOPSIS YILLOSA, Xutt. Extremely variable in tin 4 si/e and shape
of the leaves, in the number of the flower-heads, and in the kind and
amount of pubescence. It includes several nominal species. Common
everywhere at all elevations. Hall & Harbour r , 260; J)r. Smith; B.
H. Smith; Canby; Porter; Brandegee; Coulter.
CONYZA 2 COTJLTERI, Gr., Proc. Am. Aca<L, v. 7,^ p. 355. (C. xub-
decurrens, Gr., PL FendL. p. 78, and PL Wright, 1, p. 102, non I>C.) Softly
viscous-pubescent; stem 1 to 2 high, with strict branches, leafy to the
top; leaves adnate, sessile, linear-oblong or the lower spatulate, numer-
ous, pinnatifid-dentate or incised; panicle crowded, virgate? heads small,
li"long; involucre shorter than the disk, scales hairy- viscous, linear,
acute. Canon City, Brandegee.
BACCHARIS SALICINA, T. & G. FL X. Am. 2, p. 258. Shrubby,
smooth, branches angular; leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate, about I 7
1 GKIXDKLIA, AYilld. Heads many-flowered : the ray-flowers generally present, pis-
tillate, the ligyle elongated ; disk-flowers ]>erfect. tlie corolla tubular-fnnnel-sha}ie(l.
5-toothed. Involucre sub<iloloso or hemispherical, the scales imbricated in niauyro\vs.
often Avith squarrose tips. Keeeptacle naked, flat, t'oveolafe. Style with lanceolate.
his])id appendages as long' as the sti^matic portion. Achenium smooth, ohlong, or
ovate, somewhat angled. PappOB of 2-8 smooth rigid, deciduous awns, shorter tlum
the disk-corollas. IJiennial (?) perennial or sunruticose, oftt.-n resiniferous, Mexican
and North American plants. Leaves entire or serrate, often punctate, the cauline ones
sessile. Heads corymbed at the ends of the branches, or solitary, mostly rather large.
- CONY/A. Heads many-flowered, momec-ions; the exterior pistillate and fertile, in
many series, with a filiform truncate or 2-3 toothed corolla: a few of the central
Mowers staminate. sterile, but often styliferous or even fertile, with a tubular 5-toothed
corolla. Scales of the involucre in several series. Keceptacle Mat or convex, punctaie
or nmbrillate. Achenia compressed, attenuate at base, usually glabrous. Pappus a
single series of capillary scarcely scabrous bristles. Chiefly tropical herbs, with
branching stems, and variously incised leaves. Heads peduncied. corymbose or pani-
culate. Flowers yellow. T. and fi.FJ. \. Am.
68 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
long, the uppermost nearly linear, entire, viscid, more or less resimmsly
punctate ; heads clustered, mostly sessile ; scales of the involucre ovate,
with scarious margins, imbricated in about 3 series; achenia glabrous.
Near Canon City, Brandegee. Near Pueblo, Greene.
PERicoME 1 CAUDATA, Gr., PL Wright., 2, p. 82. Herb 3-4 high, much
branched, growing in large bunches; branches terete, striate, sparingly
puberulent or smooth; leaves on long petioles, membranaceous, 3-nerved
at base, dilated-triangular, or the upper hastate, long-acuminate, often
angulate-toothed below the middle, larger ones 3' broad and 4' long
including the. acuminatiori, which is l'-2' in length; heads in ter-
minal cymes or corymbs, on slender pedicels % long; involucre not brac-
teate, 3" long; scales narrowly-linear, 1-nerved, coalescent to near the
apex, free tips lauuginous-ciliate; corolla yellow, the slender tube vis-
cous-glandular; achenia 2" long, much compressed, margined all around
with a strong, callous nerve, bearded with hispid hairs. Grand Canon
of the Arkansas, Brandegee. Chiann Canon, Meehan. Ute Pass, Porter.
DiAPERiA 2 PROLIFERA, Nutt. Annual, erect, woolly; stems stout,
rigid, 2 / -5 / high, terminated by a capitate cluster J'-f in diameter in-
cluding a large number of small heads; some of the branches when
numerous arise from below and overtop this compressed head; leaves
spatulate-oblong or liuear-spatulate, numerous sessile, entire. Hall.
MELAMPODIUM 3 CINEREVM, D C. Prod., 5, p. 518. (M. leucantlium. T.
& G. Fl. N. Am.%, p. 271.) Sutiruticose, much branched at the base, G'-'l 0'
high, cinereous-pubescent; leaves very numerous, linear, the lower
linear-spatulate, obtuse, entire or obtusely sinuate-repand, about 1' long,
E, Gray, in PI. Wriylit., 2. Heads many flowered discoid ; involucre shorter
than the disk, campanulate. Scales in 1 series, about 20, linear, united among them-
selves by the very naiTow hyaline margins. Receptacle liattish, naked. Flowers all
hermaphrodite. Coroll astubular; the tube slender, viscous-glandular; throat cyliii-
draceous; teeth 4, ovate, spreading. Anthers exsert, sub-sagittate at base. Brandies
of the style filiform, slightly flattened, obtusish, minutely hairy on the outside above
and at the apex. Achenia linear-oblong, compressed, very smooth on the faces,
bearded-ciliate on the nerve-like margins. Pappus squamellse-eoroniform, fimbriate-
lacerate; the fmibria? similar to the strong hairs of the achenium. Tall, smooth,
branching herbs, Avith opposite leaves or the uppermost subalternate, triangular or
hastate, very long acuminate, slightly resinose-punctate, not glandular. Heads
cyrnose. Flowers yellow.
2 DiAPEEiA, Nutt, , Heads fusiform-oblong, disposed in sessile glomerules of 4-5 to-
gether, which are collected in large capitate and bracteate compound clusters ter-
minating the stem and simple or mostly proliferous branches; the fertile flowers 8-12,
pistillate, in the axils of the chaff of the receptacle, with a much attenuated filiform
truncate corolla; the 2-3 central staminate, with a tubular-infundibuliform minutely
4-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, each supported by a filiform stipe and inclosed
in a chaff of the receptacle. Scales of the involucre and the chaff of the small con-
vex receptacle scarious, oval, broad and large for the size of the head, closely and
somewhat distichonsly imbricated and wrapped around each other, the inner succes-
sively longer; the 2-3 innermost chartaeeous, attenuate at the base, woolly toward the
apex, each convolute and separately inclosing a sterile flower. Style in the sterile
flowers undivided; in the fertile with 2-filiform branches. Achenia obovoid-oblong,
obcom pressed, glabrous, destitute of pappus. T. fy G. FL JY. Ant.
3 MELAMPODIUM, L. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers 5-10, in a single seiies;
those of the disk sterile by the abortion of the style. Involucre double; the exteiior
of 3-5 flat and spreading foliaceous scales ; the inner as many as the ray-flowers and
inclosing their achenia. Receptacle convex or subulate-conical, chaffy; the chat!'
membranaceous, deciduous. Style in the sterile flowers undivided and hairy above.
Achenia of the disk abortive; of the ray obovoid, smooth, slightly curved, invested by
the inner scales of the involucre, which are often rugose or tiiberculate, or cucullate at
the summit, and either truncate or produced into 1-3 teeth or awns. Herbaceous or
suffruticose (chiefly Mexican) plants, with diohotomous stems, opposite sessile leaves,
and terminal or alar peduncles bearing a single head. Flowers vellow or white. T. f
G. FIX. Am.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA" 't>JP ^COH&R^DO'."- : 69
strigose-hispid above, younger ones silky-hirsute beneath ; peduncles
elongated, .bearing single heads; rays 10, oval-oblong, emarginate or
2-3 toothed, white, thrice the length of the ovate and hairy exterior
scales of the involucre, the inner inclosing the achenia, tuberculate-
scabrous toward the base, dilated above into a short, smooth hood, trun-
cate at the summit with the margin entire and involute. Purgatory
Paver, Dr. Bdl Xear Canon City, Redjield.
IVA AXILLARIS, Pursh. Stem 6'-15' higli, much branched from a
somewhat slender, woody base, very leafy; leaves 9"-15" long, 3"-8"
wide, obovate or oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the bas*e, minutely ap-
pressed- pubescent, sessile; heads solitary in the axils of the leaves on
short, recurved pedicels ; scales of the campanulate involucre 4-5, dis-
tinct or united to the middle ; fertile flowers 4-5 ; chaff of the receptacle
filiform-linear. JTaM d; Harbour, 261.
IVA CILIATA, Willd. Hall cfc Harbour, 262.
IVA (BUPHROSYNE) XANTHUFOLIA, Gr.Hall tO Harbour, 263. Den-
ver, Dr. Smith.
AMBROSIA TRIFIDA, L. Plains around Denver, Coulter.
AMBROSIA PSILOSTACHYA, DC. On the Platte, near Denver, Dr.
Smith.
FRANSERIA l TOMEXTOSA, Gr., PL FendL, p. 80. Herbaceous, pubes-
cent throughout, with a soft, silky, and silvery pubescence ; stem erect,
about 1 high, paniculate, bearing numerous panicled branches; leaves
pinnately 3-5 parted, very white, especially beneath, decurrent into a
short, narrowly-margined petiole; lowest apparently bipinnatifid, lobes
of the upper ones oblong or lanceolate, dentate or very entire except
the large 3-lobed terminal one; sterile involucres 3" in diameter
crowded in a dense raceme, 6-toothed, 18-20 flowered, fertile involucres
J the size, clustered in the upper axils, ovoid, viscous-puberulent, beset
with strong, subulate spines somewhat hooked at the apex, two of them
thicker and beaked, two-flowered. Hall & Harbour, 264.
FRANSERIA HOOKERIANA, Xutt. Annual, much branched, l-2
high ; leaves ovate in outline, I'-IJ' long, minutely strigose, bipinnatifid,
segments oblong or linear; heads~in panicled racemes, fertile ones with
several strong, flattened prickles, sterile ones with a 5-8 cleft involucre
and 10-20 flowers; chaff of the sterile receptacle small and inconspicu-
ous. Hall c(- Harbour, 265. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Near
Denver, Dr. Smith.
FRANSERIA TENUIFOLIA, Gr., PL FendL, p. 80. Stem erect, hispid;
branches diffuse, slender; leaves bipinuatisect, strigose, hirsute, some-
what cinereous, pinna* and segments 3-7, linear, entire or 1-2 toothed,
sometimes with a few separate lobes on the narrow rachis, terminal
lobe very long; raceme spike-form, slender, disposed in a leafy panicle;
involucres of the male flowers equaling the pedicel, 7-8 toothed, 6-12
flowered, of the female clustered below, armed with a few very short
uucinate spines, 2-celled within, 2 -flowered. Xear Pueblo, Greene.
FRANSERIA DISCOLOR, Nutt. Stems a span high from a creeping
1 FRAXSEKIA, Cav. Heads of two sorts, the fertile ones at the base, and the
sterile ones rum posing the upper portion of the racemes or spikes. Fertile heads with
an ovoid or oblong- closed involucre, composed of numerous united scales, the tips free
and spiuescent or hooked; corolla none or rudimentary: style with filiform, obtuse
branches; achenia oblong: pappus none. Sterile heads hemispherical; the 12-20
flowered, cup-shaped involucre of 8-12 united scales: receptacle nattish. with filiform
chaff; corolla funnel-shaped. 4-5 toothed, anthers tipped with a slender inflexed ap-
endage : ovary none; style radiate-penicillate at summit. Herbs or suftrutesceut
plants: the le;ives alternate, coarsely toothed or lobed, or even bipinnatifid.
70 svxbftsis' *(//* THE "FLORA OF COLORADO.
root, with lateral decumbent branches, slightly pubescent ; leaves lan-
ceolate in outline, 6' long, interruptedly bipinnatitid, nearly smooth
above, closely canesceut-toraentose beneath, segments subovate, acute,
confluent on the wide rachis; sterile involucres about 5-6 toothed ; fertile
flowers few; fruit spiny. Near Denver, Greene.
ZINNIA 1 GKRANDIFLORA, Xutt. Stems numerous, much-branched from
a w r oody base, 4'-5' high, somewhat hirsute; leaves opposite, linear,
connate, with scabrous margins, 1' long, 2"-3" wide ; scales of the in-
volucre rounded, closely imbricated; rays yellow, very large, orbicular-
oval, f wide; palere fiinbriate; acheuia of the disk with a single awn.
Canon City, Brandegee. Colorado Springs, Eedfield.
HELIOPSIS L^SVIS, Pursh. Xear Canon City, Brandegee.
EUDBECKIA LAOINIATA, L. Canon City, Brandegee. B. H. tfrnith.
Sierra Madre Bange, Coulter.
EUDBECKIA HIRTA, L. On the Platte near Denver and Bear Creek,
Coulter.
LEPACHYS COLUMNARLS, T. & G. Strigose-scabrous, branched from
the base, l-2 high ; radical leaves usually undivided, spatulate-lance-
olate, caulineones pinnately-parted, the upper sessile, segments linear-
lanceolate or oblong, rigid, mucrouulate, entire, rarely somewhat lobed;
disk columnar, longer than the 5-8 oblong or obovate-oval, recurved,
yellow rays; chaff with woolly tips. Disk 1' or more long. Abundant
on the plains around Denver and Colorado Springs. Hall d* Harbour,
266; Dr. Smith; Brandegee; Coulter.
Var. TAOETES, Gr., PI. Wright, 1, p. 106. Kays deep reddish-browu.
Purgatory Eiver, Dr. Bell. Pueblo, Greene.
HELIANTHTJS PETIOLARIS, Nutt. T. & G. FL N. Am. 2, p. 310. Stem
erect, l-3 high, strigose or hispid, branching; leaves scabrous, alter-
nate, the lower sometimes opposite, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, entire or
somewhat repand-toothed, 3-iierved, on ver3 r long, slender, scabrous
petioles; peduncles terminal, naked, bearing solitary (usually large)
heads; scales of the involucre lanceolate, acute or acuminate; disk-
flowers pubescent at base; achenia villous; pappus of two chaffy awns.
Heads very variable in size. Near Denver, Dr. &)n ith. Plai us near Colo-
rado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Jirandegee. Meehan. Along the
Platte, Coulter. Hall cfc Harbour, 270; Parry, 420.
HELIANTHUS LENTICULARIS, Dongl. Annual, scabrous or hispid,
branching, stout, 3-8 high; leaves ovate, alternate, acuminate, coarsely-
serrate, 3'-6' long, 2 / -4 / broad, 3-uerved at the base and suddenly nar-
rowed into a petiole nearly as long as the leaf, uppermost often lanceo-
late and entire ; heads mostly panic-led, peduncled 2'-4' broad ; scales
of the involucre ovate, ciliate, abruptly and conspicuously acuminate,
in about 3 rows, spreading; rays 20-40, large; chaff of the flat recep-
tacle nearly as long as the purplish disk-flowers, concave, cariuate,
1 ZINNIA, L. Heads immy-tkrwered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, those of the disk tubu-
lar, perfect. Involucre imbricate: the scnles roundish or oval, margined. Receptacle
conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with oblong eouduplicate, chatty scales which
envelope the disk flowers. Rays obovate or oblong, coriaceous, reticulated, persistent,
continuous with the summit of the achenium, or rarely somewhat articulated. Lobes
of the corolla of the disk densely velvety-villous at the summit with colored hairs.
Branches of the style in the disk-flowers terminated by a hairy somewhat capitate
cone. Achenia nearly wingless; those of the ray somewhat 3-sided, mostly destitute
of pappus; of the disk, compressed or flat, 1-2 awued or toothed, rarely naked. Annual
(American) herbs, with opposite mostly sessile entire leaves. Heads solitary, termi-
nating the branches, showv, persistent. * Rays purple, orange, scarlet, or <>Teenish-\vhite.
T. f G. FL X. Am.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 71
tricuspidate, the middle point ranch the strongest and dark-colored ;
achenia finely appressed-pubescent ; pappus of two lanceolate, chaffy
awns. Plains near Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter; Dr. Smith.
Caiioii City, Brandegee. Along the Platte, Coulter.
HELIANTHUS ORGYALIS, DC. Stem tall, 6-10 high, very smooth ;
leaves very numerous and narrow, linear, 3'-6' long, l"-2" wide, flat, the
lower remotely denticulate, 1-nerved, slightly if at all scabrous ; heads
5-7, corymbose, on long peduncles, rather large; scales of the involucre
lax, attenuate-subulate, longer than the disk; rays about 15, I' or more
long; chaff of the receptacle, linear- subcuneifonn, somewhat ciliate at
the apex ; pappus of 2-4 awns ; aeheuia glabrous. Parry, 57.
HELIANTHUS RIG-IDUS, Desf. Hall <fc Harbour; Dr. timith. Canon
City, Brandegee. Platte River, Coulter.
HELIANTHUS FUMILUS, Nutt. (?) Sill. Jour.,, (X. $.,) v. .'33, p. 10.
Stem l-3 high, hispid, bearing a few heads; leaves opposite, ovate-
lanceolate, sub-entire, cinereous-hispid, (when young, covered with res-
inous atoms,) -tripli-nerved next the base, short-petioled, uppermost
lanceolate, subsessile, often alternate ; involucre a little shorter than
the disk, scales oblong, not appendaged, obtusish, white-villous with-
out; flowers of the disk yellow; aeheuia glabrous, toward the apex
sparsely hispid-ciliate; chaff of the pappus subulate, a little shorter
than the corolla, with smaller ones interposed on the outside, and mar-
gins appressed-hispid. Hall d' Harbour, 269.
HELIANTHUS GIGANTEUS, L. Canon City, llrandcyee. Denver, Dr.
Smith. The form with opposite narrowly-lanceolate, and long acumi-
nate leaves, and long, narrow, foliaceous involucral scales.
HELIANTHELLA 1 UNIFLORA, T. & G. Stem and leaves clothed with
a short and soft, somewhat-cinereous pubescence, 2-3 high; leaves
broadly lanceolate, -A'-^' long, l'-2' wide, pointed, narrowed at the base,
mostly opposite, lower ones petioled, all 3-nerved above the base ; heads
solitary or with 1-2 from the upper axils, on long peduncles, 2 / -4 / broad;
involucre leafy at base, scales lanceolate, ciliate-hirsute; chaff of the
slightly convex receptacle closely couduplicate, delicately scai ions, pu-
bescent at the tip; achenia 2- winged, ciliate and pubescent, crowned
with 2 long awns and 2-4 intermediate lacerate squanielhe; rays 15-20,
pale yellow. Rail d* Harbour, 268. Canon City, Brandeaee. Near Den-
ver and Horse Shoe Mountain, Coulter.
HELIANTHELLA PARRYI, Gr., Proc. Acad. Pit //., March. 1863, p. 68. Xote.
Hirsute; stem single from a thickened root; radical leaves narrowly
lanceolate, hispidly-ciliate, very acute, 6' long including the petiole, upper
cauline ones sublinear, V-2? long; heads 2-i, small, somewhat nodding,
on short or elongated peduncles; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, inner ones exceeding the disk, hispidly-ciliate; chaff
of the receptacle slightly scailous, barbulate on the truncate apex;
achenia oblong, awnless, crowned with hyaline squamelUe which are re-
solved into a villous fringe that equals the proper tube of the corolla in
1 HEI.IANTHELLLA, Torv. & Gr. Heads many-flowered : the i ay-ri< wers H >-24. neutra 1 :
those of the disk perfect. Scales of the involucre linear or lanceolate, in about 2 series,
loose, somewhat foliaceous. Chaff of the receptacle persistent, embracing the achenia.
Corolla of the disk cylindrical, elongated. 5-toothed, with a very short proper tube.
Branches of the style very hispid, more or less obtuse. Ovary compressed, with one or
both margins slightly winged and produced at the summit into a short auriculate and
lacerate persistent appendage or into an awn, sometimes with intermediate squamelhe,
or an obscure coroniform fringe, glabrous, or ciliate. Perennial herbs, with linear or
lanceolate mostly scattered ami sessile entire leaves, and solitary showy heads termi-
nating the stem or branches. T. |' G. FL X. Am.
72 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
length; involucre 6" long; disk 6" broad; ligules 7"-9" long. Caiiby.
Ute Pass, Porter. South Park, Coulter. Central City, Greene.
HELIOMERIS l MULTIFLORA, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil., (N. &,) 1, p. 171-
Steins few from a woody root, i-2 liigh, simple or corymbosely branched
above; leaves narrowly lanceolate, l'-2J' long, 3"-6" broad, more or less
scabrous pubescent, entire or obscurely serrate; heads 6"-8" broad,
excluding the rays, mostly terminal on long branches; chaff of the re-
ceptacle rather rigid, pungently acute, villose; rays 10-12, oblong-oval,
entire or slightly emarginate; achenia compressed-pyriform, scarcely
angled, black and somewhat shining. Hall t& Harbour, 211. Near Den-
ver, Dr. Smith. Among the mountains, Canby. Canon City, Brandegee.
Mount of the Holy Cross and Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
Yar. LATIFOLI A, Porter. Taller, 3 high; leaves larger, 3'-4' long,
I'-IJ broad, usually serrulate with scattered teeth. Foot- hills near Col-
or ad"o Springs, Porter.
THELESPERMA 2 FILIFOLIUM, Gr. Annual, glabrous, l-2 high, much
branched, branches slender ; leaves opposite, 1-2 pinnately parted or
divided, the upper 3-5 divided or simple, nearly sessile, divisions atten-
uate-filiform, scales of the interior involucre with broad scarious margins
united nearly to the middle, longer than the linear-subulate, exterior
scales; rays obovate, 3-toothed; acheuia 3" long, crowned with two
triangular- subulate, concave, at length divaricate short awns or teeth
which are fringed with yellow, retiexed, bristly hairs; heads numerous,
small, G" broad without the rays. Hall & Harbotir, 280. Canon City,
Brandegee. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Plains around Colorado Springs,
Porter. Monument Park, Coulter ; Redfield.
THELESPERMA GRACILE, Gr. Erect, 2-3 high, branched above 5
branches strict, elongated, corymbose ; leaves pinnately or pedately about
5-parted, with narrowly-linear, rigid lobes, the uppermost nearly simple ;
heads few-many, on long peduncles; involucre campanulate, inner
scales united above the middle, obtuse or acutish, often with narrow,
scarious margins, exterior ovate, very short, obtuse ; rays none ; achenia
oblong-linear, crowned with 2 stout subulate, persistent, spreading,, re-
trorsely pectinate-hispid awns. Hall & Harbour, 279. Plains around
Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
COREPOSIS TINCTORIA, Nutt. On the plains. Hall.
COREPOSIS INVOLUCRATA, ^utt. u Minutely pubescent, stem quad-
rangular below ; leaves 1-2 piunately 3-7 parted, the divisions linear -
1 HELIOMERIS, Nutt.
, Nutt. Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays neutral; disk-flowers
numerous, perfect, the corolla with a very short pubescent proper tube, (i. e. ampli-
ated very near the base,) 5-toothed. Involucre spreading; oblong-linear scales in about
2 rows. Receptacle oblong-conical, covered with persistent lanceolate, concave-cari-
nate chaff, partly embracing the disk-flowers and nearly their length. Stamens with
broad ovate appendages and blackish anthers. Branches of the style obloiig-clavatc,
slightly hispid. Achenia cuneate-oblong, compressed-quadrangular, entirely destitute'
of pappus. Perennial Western North American herbs or sunrutescent plants, with
nearly entire, mostly opposite leaves and yellow flowers, smaller than those of most
ffcUanthi.
- THELKSPERMA, Gray. ( Covmidhim, T. & G., FL X. Am.) Heads many-flowered ; the
ray-flowers about 8, neutral,, or sometimes wanting; those of the disk tubular, perfect.
Involucre double, each, of 8 scales; the interior oblong-ovate, somewhat niembrana-
ceous, united to the middle, much larger than the exterior. Receptacle flat ; the chaff
scarious, oblong, obtuse, with *2 approximate colored nerves, shorter than the flowers,
partly investing the achenia, and deciduous with them. Corolla of the disk with a
very slender tube and a deeply 5-cleft limb ; the segments long and linear, recurved,
Achenia linear-oblong (obscurely-angled when young,) terete or slightly Decompressed,
a little incurved and tubercnlate on the back when mature, not rostrate, the abrupt
summit crowned with 2 dentiform retrosely pectiiiate-ciliate (persistent '?) awns.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 73
lanceolate, iucisely toothed; heads pauicnlate ; scales of the exterior in-
volucre about 20, linear-lanceolate, hirsute (as well as the peduncles)
longer than the interior ; acheiiium oval, hispid-ciliate, 2- toothed at the
summit/' Parry, 31. Plains.
BIDENS FRONDOSA, L. Caiion City, Brandegee. Introduced.
BIDENS CHRYSANTHEMOIDES, MX. Plains uear Denver, Dr. Smith.
BIDENS BIPINNATA, L. Ute Pass, Porter. Introduced.
BIDENS TENUISECTA, Gr., PL FendL, 86. Annual, nearly glabrous ;
stein l-2 high, very smooth, terete, branching, ascending ; branches
striate-angled, with i-3 heads at the naked summits ; leaves opposite
or alternate, bipiiiuately-parted or biternately-divided, segments linear,
very entire or 2-3 lobed, a little broader than the rachis ; scales of the
hirsute involucre linear; rays 5-8, inconspicuous, scarcely equaling
the disk ; achenia attenuate linear, glabrous, somewhat 4-augled, striate,
awns 2, short. Huerfano County, Greene.
XiMENESiA 1 ENCELIOIDES, Cav. Annual, cinereous-pubescent; stems
stout, striate, 3-5 G high; branched above; leaves opposite or alternate,
ovate, coarsely dentate-serrate, tapering into sj long, winged petiole,
tripli-nerved, paler beneath; heads corymbose on long, naked pedun-
cles; achenia of the disk slightly villous, surrounded by a broad wing,
emarginate at the summit of the deeply 3-toothed, yellow ray. rugose
and wingless. Abundant around Caiion City, Brandegee.
DYSODIA CHRYSA^THEMOIDES, Lag. Plains around Denver and Colo-
rado Springs, Porter.
GAiLLARDiA 2 ARISTATA, Pursh. Perennial, villous-pubesceiit or almost
tomentose with jointed hairs; stem simple or branched, l-2 high; leaves
alternate, minutely punctate, radical and lower ones lanceolate, tapering
into slender petiojes, sinuate-pinnatin'd or coarsely toothed, minutely ser-
rate or nearly entire, the uppermost linear or oblong-lanceolate; sessile,
usually dilated at the base, and partly clasping; heads large, li'-2J' in
diameter including the rays; involucre hirsute; corollas of the disk
with short, broadly subulate teeth, of a rich brownish -purple or maroon
color: rays 10-18, crowded, elongated cuneiform, deep yellow; chaff of
the pappus 0-8, broadly lanceolate; nmbrilhe of the receptacle few,
arista* form, slender, distinct, not dilated at the base, 2-3 times the length
of the nearly smooth achenia. Hall cfc Harbour. Near Denver, B.
H. Smith. Pleasant and Monument Parks, Coulter. Sangrede Cristo
Kange, Reflficld.
GAILLARDIA PINNATTFIDA, Ton-. Ann. S. Y. Lye. 2, p. 214. Peren-
. Cav. Heads many-flowered^ the rays ligulate, in a single
Scales of the involucre somewhat in '2 series, narrow, acute, t'oliaceous, spreading.
Receptacle convex: the chaff lanceolate, membranaceoos, embracing the flowers. Tube
of the corolla his])i<l. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers appendiculftte.
Achenia of the disk Hat (ct)in])ressed laterally.) winded, sonn'what hairy, deeply emar-
giiiate at the summit, with 2 setiform awns more or less united with the win;; those
of rhe ray mostly dissimilar and wingless. T. .y- (i. /'/. X. Am.
-GAILLAHDIA, FOII^C. Heads many-floweiv*!, radiate: the ray-tlowers neutral, in a
single series, deciduous. Scales of the involucre in about 3 series, vt-ry acute.
foliaceoiis, more or less callous and appressed or erect at the base, above spreading or
at length rehYxed : the 'xterior largest. Keceptacle convex or hemispherical, limbril-
late (the timbrilhe rigid or corneous and elongated,) or in one species nearly naked.
Rays cuneiform, palmately 3-cleft or toothed at the summit. Corolla of the disk
with a short tube, and an elongated cylindraceous somewhat inflated 5-toothed limb:
the teeth usually subulate, and hispid with jointed hairs. Branches of the style ter-
minated with a very long and acute filiform hispid appendage. Achenia obpyramidal,
iuvolucrate with villous hairs. Pappus of (>-10 membranous 1-neived scales, the
nerve*? produced into awns about the length of the corolla. T. ( y- (!. FL X. Am.
74 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
nial, canescent; stems 8'-lU' high, branching; leaves sessile, piima-
tifid, the rachis and remote lobes linear; heads rather small ; involucre
in about 2 series, nearly equal to the disk; rays deeply 3-cleft; chaff of
the pappus lanceolate; fimbrilhe of the receptacle aristreform, slender,
sparse, longer than the achenia. Purgatory Kiver, Dr. Bell.
GAILLABDIA PULCHELLA, Foug. Annual, pnberulent, or slightly
hirsute, branching; leaves lanceolate, the lower ones tapering at the
base and slightly petioled, somewhat toothed or rarely incised, the
upper entire, partly clasping, apiculate-acumiuate ; involucre very hir-
sute and callous at the base, longer than the disk ; heads V or more in
diameter; rays 10-12, attenuate at the base, deeply 3-cleft, violet-purple,
the teeth yellow; corolla of the disk with attenuate, subulate teeth;
chaff of the pappus ovate, or lanceolate-oblong, with long awns; tiru-
brillie of the receptacle arista^form-subulate, not dilated at the base,
slender, longer than the achenia; achenia involucrate with a villous-
ferruginous tuft. Plains of Eastern Colorado, Dr. Bell.
PALAFOXIA 1 HOOKEEIAXA, T. & G., (P. Texana, Hook.) Plant l-2
high, strigose-scabrous ; branches paniculate or corymbose ; leaves
lanceolate, 1-3 nerved; heads 9" long, many-flowered, radiate j scales
of the involucre 12 or more, very glandular as well as the peduncles
and branches, imbricated in 2 series, exterior lanceolate, interior obovate-
lanceolate or oblong; rays 8-10, more or less exserted, purple, broadly
cuneiform, deeply '* cleft; limb of the disk-corolla 5-cleft below the
middle ; pappus of the disk-flowers of t>-8 narrowly-lanceolate, acu-
minate scales as long as the attenuated, hairy achenium, in the rays ot
as many obovate-spatulate, very obtuse, rigid scales, many times
shorter than the nearly glabrous achenia. Rail & Harbour, 352.
Cn^ENACTis 2 DOUGLASII, Hook. & Arn. (C. achillctcfolia, H. & A.)
" Biennial and sometimes annual, whitened with a close tomentuin, or
rarely smoothish ; stems 2-3 high, simple or much branched, often
several from one root ; leaves somewhat fleshy, I'-.')' long, ovate,
oblong in outline, 2-3 pinnatifld Avith very numerous and often
crowded, minute oblong or obovate, rounded lobes; heads few-many,
corymbed ; involucres turbinate or campauulate, the oblong-linear scales
in 1-2 series ; tlowers 6" 7" long, whitish or flesh-colored ; corollas
pubescent, marginal ones scarcely larger ; achenia linear, hispid,
blackish, as long as the corolla; pappus of about 10 unequal and
oblong or lanceolate, erosely-deuticulate scales, i- as long as the
, Lagasca. Heads, 10-30 flowered; the tlowers all perfect and tubular.
or tlit> exterior series either imperfectly or manifestly radiate ; the rays 3-cleft, pistil-
late, .scales of the obeoiiical or eampanulate involucre 8-15, membranous or her-
baceous with scarious tips, appressed (or spreading in fruit,) in 1-2 series, shorter
than the disk. Receptacle small, flat, naked or slightly alveolate. Corolla of the
disk with a slender tube and an expanded deeply .Vclci't or :Vp;nted limb: the lobes
linear or lanceolate, spreading, glabrous. Branches of 1 he style lony; and liliform,
Hattish, glandular-pubescent throughout. Achenia quadi-angular, slendt-r, tapering
to the base, minutely pubescent. Pappus of G-l^membramu-eous. d'nticulate,pinnately
striate scales, furnished with a strong midnerve, which is thickened at the base and
often somewhat produced at the apex; the pappus of the exteiior tlowers of fen much
shorter. T. j- G. FL X. Jw.
- 1 Cii.EXATis, DC. Meads niauy-ilowered ; tlowers all tubular and perfect; the
corollas glabrous or puberuleut, elongated, narrowly obconic or ampliated above and
trumpet-shaped. 5-toothed ; the outer ones (rays) more expanded than the rest and
often somewhat irregularly ventricose, 5-cleft ; teeth or lobes pubescent. Involucre
rampanulate ; the scales oblong-linear, about '20, in 1-2 rows. Receptacle alveolate.
Style with very long, narrowly-linear branches, the upper part hispid. Acheuia
linear, tapering to the base, striate or quadrangular. Pappus of 4-12 hyaline, mem-
branous, usually nerveless scales, with erosely-dentieulate margins, those of the disk
tlowers usually much shorter.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 75
acheuium." We have adopted for this variable species the excellent
emended description of Prof. Eaton in King's Report, vol. 5, p. 172.
Hall & Harbour, 283; Parry; Canty. Upper Arkansas, Porter.
Saugre de Cristo Pass and Sierra Mojado, Brandegce. Twin Lakes,
Mount La Plata, and Sierra Madre Bange, Coulter.
HYMEXOPAPPUS TENUIFOLIUS, Pursh. Whitened-tomentose, often
becoming smoothish ; stems 8'-15' high, leafy at base, sparingly
corymbose toward the summit, sometimes several from a rather stout,
simple or branched, perennial caudex; radical leaves petioled, 2 / -4 /
long, 2-3 pinna tely divided, divisions very narrowly linear, caiiline ones
sessile, similar but smaller or reduced above the linear bracts ; heads
pedunculate, 4"-6" wide, hemispherieal-campanulate ; scales of the in-
volucre 6-8, oval, appressed, with broad, obscurely-denticulated, scarious
margins ; corolla-tube very short, throat abruptly inflated ; pappus of
spatulate-oblong, obtuse, slightly-erose scales, nerved to the middle,
mostly as long as the tube of the corolla. Hall& Harbour, 282. Upper
Arkansas, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
Wet Mountain Valley, Redfield.
BAHIA 1 OPPOSITIFOLIA, T. & G. Perennial, canescently pubescent,
very much branched from the base upward, 4'-S' high ; branches op-
posite, more or less spreading or decumbent; leaves opposite, petio-
late, 1-2 palmately divided, segments linear or lance-linear, about V
long; peduncles slender; involucre campanulate; scales 5-8, oblong-
ovate; rays about the same number, very short; pappus minute, scales
5-8, partly obtuse, somewhat lacerate ; achenium fusiform, tapering to
the base, sparingly scabrous. Hall ci* Harbour, 278. Around Denver,
Dr. Sitilth. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee; Cahby.
ViLLANOVA 2 CHRYSANTHEMOIDES, Gr. PL Wright., 2, p. 96. Puber-
ulent ; stems erect, l-4 high, coryinbosely-panieulate above; flowering
branches and peduncles viscous-glandular; leaves alternate, 1-2 ter-
nately parted, segments 2-3 lobed or pinnatitid, lobes oblong or sub-
linear, obtuse ; heads 6" in diameter exclusive of the ligules which are
5" long ; flowers all yellow ; scales of the involucre 16-20, in about o
series, equal, acuminate, herbaceous; ligules 16-20, oval-oblong; flow-
ers of the disk many, tubes glandular; receptacle rather convex ; ache-
nia quadrangular, sub-clavate, nearly glabrous, striate, all fertile. Hall&
Harbour, 281. Canon City, Bnuidegee. Soda Springs, Porter. Twin
Lakes, Coulter.
ACTINELLA ACAULIS, L. Caespitose, dwarf and acauleseeut, villous
pubescent or silky; cuudex perennial, simple or branching; leaves all
radical, spatulate or linear-obovate, entire, 1 / -2J / long ; scapes l / -6 / high,
usually leafless and bearing a single head, O'^-lo" broad; involucre of
2 rows of oval or oblong scales, equaling the disk ; rays 10-12, broadly
cuneate, 3-toothed. and often sprinkled with resinous atoms ; pappus of
1 BAIIIA, Lagasea. Heads many-flowered," radiate; rays 5-30, pistillate, fertile; disk-
rtoAvers tubular, perfect, fertile ;" corollas glandular-hairy, 5-toothed. Involucre sub-
globose or campauulate; the scales appressed, in one or two rows. Receptacle convex
or conical ; naked branches of the style in the disk-flowers short, thickened at the apex,
and obtuse, or truncate, or with a conical fleshy appendage. Achenia narrowly tur-
binate or linear, 4-sided. Pappus a crown of short scarious nerveless or rarely 1 -nerved
and even awnless scales.
2 ViLLANOVA, Lagasca, DC. Prod. 6, p. 75. Heads few-flowered, heterogamous.
Ray-florets 5-10, pistillate, ligulate, obovate, toothed at the apex. Flowers of the
disk perfect, fertile, tubular, terete, 5-toothed. Scales of the campanulate involucre
tew, iii 1 series. Receptacle flat, naked. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers
capitate, blunt. Acheiiia obpyramidal, wingless, punctate, glabrous. Disk epigynous,
minute. Pappus none.
76 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
5-7 broadly ovate scales, tipped with slender awns. Alpine. Hall cO
Harbour, 276. , Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Mount Lincoln, at 14,000
feet altitude, and Horse Shoe Mountain, Coulter. South Park, Canby.
Meehan.
ACTINELLA SCAPOSA, ^utt. Villous ; scapes single from a woody
caudex, 6'-9' high, leafless, bearing a single head ; leaves radical, linear-
spatulate, acute or obtusish, 2 / -3 / long, 2"-3" wide, becoming smooth and
shining, conspicuously punctate, entire; heads V wide, including the rays ;
scales of the involucre ovate, appressed, rather shorter than the disk, in
about 3 series, densely villous ; rays about 12, 3"-4 // long, cuneate-ob-
ovate, bright yellow, 4-nerved and 3-toothed ; scales of the pappus 5,
short-awned, oval. Hall & Harbour, 27 '5. Monument Park, Porter. Gar-
den of the Gods, Coulter.
ACTINELLA BICHAUDSONII, Nutt. Puberulent ; stems 3 / -G / high from
a perennial, somewhat branching, woody caudex; leaves petioled, rigid,
3/_6' long, pinuately or irregularly 3-7 parted toward the summit, divi-
sions narrowly linear; heads loosely corymbose, 9 // -12 // broad, including
the rays ; involucre shorter than the disk ; scales in 2 rows, oblong or
ovate, the exterior united at the base ; pappus of 5-7 ovate-lanceolate,
cuspidate-awned scales ; caudex and bases of the lower leaves woolly
tonientose. Hall & Harbour, 274. Abundant at middle elevations, South
Park and Ute Pass, Porter. Wilson Creek, Fremont County, Brande-
gee. Canby. Twin Lakes and Weston's Pass, Coulter. Redjield.
ACTINELLA GEANDIFLORA, T. & G. Perennial, more or less densely
clothed with soft, white wool ; stems erect from a woody caudex, stout,
striate, 6 / -9 / high, leafy, simple or with 2-3 branches from the base or
middle of the stem ; lower leaves pinnately or bipiunately parted, with
margined petioles from broad scarious bases, 2'-2' long, including
the petiole, divisions linear ; upper cauline leaves simple or sparingly
divided ; heads very large, 2'-3' broad, including the bright yellow
rays; involucre very densely woolly with copious white wool; scales
of the involucre in about 2 series, lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding the
disk; ligules oblong, 6"-12" in length, 2-3-cleft at the truncate apex;
scales of the pappus 6-8, narrowly subulate, exceeding the tube of the
corolla ; acheuia villous-hispid. A very showy, high-alpine plant.
Hall & Harbour, 273. Parry ; Meehan. Mount Lincoln, at 14,000 feet
altitude, Gray's Peak, at 12,000 feet, and White House Mountain, at
13,000 feet, Coulter.
Var GrLABRATA, Porter. Softly tomentose, becoming glabrate ?
stems simple from a woody caudex, O'-S' high, unbranched, naked
above, bearing a single head ; lower leaves spatulate-liuear, simple
or 3-7-parted at the summit, with long, flat, margined x^etioles from
somewhat expanded, scarious bases, 2 / -3 / long, including the petiole,
di vision slinear upper leaves linear, entire; heads IJ'-IJ 7 broad includ-
ing the rays; scales of the involucre ovate, rather obtuse, in about 2
series, woolly, but not conspicuous^ so, much shorter than the disk ;
ligules about 6" long, rather narrow, j'ellow, 2-3-cleft at the apex ; scales
of the pappus 5, subulate, acuminate, sharply serrate on the margins,
much shorter than the corolla of the disk, lead-colored ; acheuia viliose.
Alpine. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee.
HELENIUM ATITUMNALE, L. Platte near Denver, Dr. Smith. Wet
Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
HELENIUM HOOPESII, Gr. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 65. Note.
Stem stout, somewhat tomentose above, striate-angled, 2-4 high;
leaves pale glaucous, thickish, punctate, smooth or slightly pubescent,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 77
entire : radical ones lanceolate-spatulate, narrowed into a short-winged
petiole, often very large, G'-ll' long; cauliue ones oblong-lanceolate,
seini-amplexicaul ; peduncles thickened above ; heads on long peduncles,
naked above, 3-6, very large, 2'-3' broad; scales of the involucre
lanceolate or linear, whitish-tomentose; receptacle subglobose; rays
15-20, linear, cuneate, about 1' long, orange-yellow; pappus of lanceo-
late, subulate, obscurely-nerved scales, a little shorter than the corolla
of the disk, as long as the silky-villous acheniuin. A very showy plant.
Hoopes. Wet Mountain Yalley, Brandegee. Sierra Madre Range,
Ooulter.
ACHTLLEA MILLEFOLIUM, L. Very common throughout Colorado,
Dr. Smith ; Porter; Coulter; Brandegee ; Canby ; Median.
LEUCAMPYX 1 XEWBERRYI, Gray. Herbaceous, at first woolly, at
length nearly glabrous; stems stout, l-2 high, coryinbosely branched;
leaves 2-3 piimately parted, segments short, linear, re volute on the mar-
gins, radical ones lanceolate in outline, 4'-6' long including the petioles;
heads many, rather large, long-peduncled ; scales of the involucre obo-
vate, obtuse, with broad scarious tips ; corolla of the disk yellow, of the
ray white or cream-colored with a spreading cuneate limb 6" long; ach-
euia glabrous, angled, black. This only species of the genus, which in
habit resembles a Hymenopappus, was first collected in 1867, by Dr.
Xewberry in Xew Mexico, and later in 1872, by Prof. Porter, at the Soda
Springs, 35 miles X. W. of Canon City.
ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES, Pursli. Hall t(- Harbour, 302. Canon
City, Brandcgee. Hoopes. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
ARTEMISIA BOREALIS, Pall. Parry.
ARTEMISIA CANADEXSIS, MX. Hall & Harbour, 300; Canby; Dr.
tim ith ; Porter ; Hoopes.
ARTEMISIAFILIFOLIA, TOIT. Stems l-3 high, with slender, virgate,
pauicled branches ; leaves l'-2' long, whitish-tomentose, becoming
smooth, filiform, with revolute edges, lower ones mostly 3-parted; heads
very small, crowded in virgate. leafy panicles, tomentose, 3-5 flowered;
two florets, pistillate and fertile, with short truncate corollas, the rest
perfect but sterile ; corollas funnel-form, 5-toothed. Hall i(- Harbour, 307.
Xear Denver. Dr. Smith.
ARTEMISIA TRIDENT AT A, Pursli. Shrubby, l-6 high, much branched,
densely silvery-canescent ; leaves crowded, cuneiform, 6 // -12' / long,
usually 3-toothed at the apex, teeth short and obtuse, those of the flower-
ing branchlets often linear and entire; heads obovoid, 5-6 flowered; outer
scales of the involucre tomentose, very short, inner ones scarious ; flow-
ers all perfect and fertile; corollas funnel-form, 5-toothed, the proper
tube very short ; styles 2-cleft, the branches widened somewhat upward,
truncate and somewhat penicillate. On the Blue River, west of the
Rocky Mountain Range. Hall & Harbour, 306. Canby. B. H. Smith.
On the Arkansas, Porter ; Coulter.
1 LKUCAMPYX, A. Gray (in Benth. & Hook. Grew. PI. 2. p. 42*2.) Heads heterogamous,
radiate : flowers of tin- ray in one series, pistillate : those of the disk perfect; both feitile.
Involucre broadly hemispherical : bracts in '2-3 series, imbricated, broadly scarions at
the apex. Receptacle somewhat convex, covered with broad meinbranaceons-hyaline,
chaffy scales half inclosing the acheiiia. Corollas of the ray pistillate ; tub* slender :
limb broad, 3-toothed or 3-cleft at the apex; those of the disk perfect, regular, tubu-
lar: limb campaiiulate, 5-cleft at the apex. Anthers obtuse at base, entire. Branches
of the style in the perfect flowers \\ith short penicillate appendages. Achenia'cnueate.
incurved, dorsally compressed, subtriquetrous. attenuate at base, obtuse at the apex.
Pappus noiir.
78 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ARTEMISIA LUDOVICIANA, Nutt. Plains around Denver, Coulter. BK!
Var. LATILOBA, Nntt. Lower leaves dilated, deeply pinnatiftd or tho
upper trifid, the lobes and the upper leaves broadly lanceolate, the upper
surface less toinentose or becoming' smooth. Near Denver, Dr. timith.
Glen Eyrie, Porter.
Yar. GNAPHALODES, T. & G. Very tomentose-canescent throughout ;
leaves entire or sharply and irregularly serrate to wards the apex. Near
Denver, Dr'. Smith; B. H. Smith.
Yar. MEXICANA, Gr. Lower leaves piunatifid, upper ones trifid;
lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins; heads small,
tomentose-canescent. Huerfano County, Greene.
ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR, Pall. Suffruticose, erect or ascending, 1^-2
high, glabrous, simple below ; leaves l'-3' long, mostly smooth above,
paler and toinentose beneath, pinnatc4y-lobed with lanceolate, pointed,
entire or sparingly toothed segments, with revolute margins; heads sub-
globose, lJ"-2" broad, disposed in an elongated, virgate raceme, or
strict panicle; involucre at first toinentose, cup-shaped, the outer scales
ovate, inner ones oval, with hyaline, ci Hate-fringed margins; receptacle
smooth ; florets numerous, a few r of the outer ones pistillate, fertile, with
very slender corollas and smooth branches of the style, the rest perfect,
fertile, with funnel-form corollas and truncate, penicillate styles. Sierra
Madre Eange, Coulter.
ARTEMISIA FRIGID A, Willd. Hall & Harbour, 304; Parry ; T)r. Smith ;
B. H. 8 with; Porter; Meehan; Brandegee; Coulter.
ARTEMISIA ARCTIC A, Less. Herbaceous, tomeiitose-pubescent or nearly
glabrous; stems S'-15' high, simple, erect, leafy, terminating in a virgate
raceme or sparingly-branched panicle, somewhat angled; lower leaves
bipinnatih'd, on long petioles, lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, iucisely
toothed; heads large, globose, nodding, sessile or on short slender peti-
oles; scales of the involucre ovate, with blackish scarious margins. Hall
d'Htirbour, 298; Parry; Dr. Smith; Brandegee; Meehan; Coulter. Alpine.
ARTEMISIA scopULORUM,Gr., Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 66. Note.
CiBSpitose; rhi/omti creeping; stems very simple, 3 / -8 / high ; leaves white-
silky, numerous, pinnately 3-5 cleft, segments especially of the radical
ones 3-parted, lobes as well as the uppermost leaves linear, narrow;
heads many or few, simply racemose-spicate, short-pedicelled, erect,
2 // -3 // broad ; involucre hemispherical, scales oval, villose on the back,
margin broad, scarious, dark-brown; wool of the receptacle copious, as
long as the florets; florets 18-30. Alpine. AVeston's Pass and White
House Mountain, Coulter. Summit of Pike's Peak, Canby.
Yar. MONOCEPHALA, Gr. I c. Stem 2 / -6 / high, terminated by a solitary,
larger head; radical and lower leaves simply 3-parted or occasionally
5-parted; uppermost ones linear, very entire; flowers 30 or more, tipped
with purplish. Summit of Pike's Peak, Can-by.
ARTEMISIA PARRYI, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad., vol. 7, p. 361. Yery smooth :
stem simple, a span or more high, from a perennial root, leafy; leaves 2-3
pinnately parted; pinnae 5-9, crowded, segments linear, acute, 3"-5"
long; panicle racemose, many-headed; heads nodding, nearly 3" in diam-
eter; scales of the involucre ovate, very obtuse, with scarious, dark-
browu uargiu.s; marginal flowers pistillate, few, the others fertile;
corollas very smooth. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Parry, 1867.
GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM, L., var. SPRENGELII, D. 0. Eaton, in
King's Rep., v. 5, p. 184. (G-. Sprengeln, H. & A.} Annual, whitened
with loose wool; stem 6'-30' high, simple below, corymbose with long
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLOKA OF COLORADO. PU
branches toward the summit (some times imbranched;) leaves slightly
decurrent; lower ones 2 7 -3 7 long, linear-spatulate, obtuse: upper ones
linear-lanceolate, acute; heads clustered; mvolncral scales shining, yel-
lowish-white, scarious, oblong-ovate, rather obtuse; pistillate florets very
numerous, in several rows outside of the perfect ones; acheuia one-half
larger and smoother than in the European plant. Brandegee. Xear
Denver, Dr. Smith; H. B. Smith. Wet Mountain Valley, Redjield.
GNAPHALIUM STRiCTim, Gr. P<ic. R. R., v. 4, p. 110. Annual, white-
woolly; stern simple, or branched from the base, strict, 3 7 -9 7 high, vir-
gate ; leaves narrowly linear, elongated, uniform throughout, I'-IJ 7 long,
rather crowded ; heads closely glomerated in the axils, leafy -bra cfed ; in-
volucre companulate, outer scales lanceolate, brownish, inner ones linear,
white at the apex; receptacle broad and flat; acheiiia smooth. Hall
<t- Harbour, 311. Wet places in the mountains.
GNAPHALIUM DECUBBENS, Ives. "Subalpiue; rw."Hall it* Har-
bour, 312. Hoopes.
AXTENNARIA GABPATHICA, 11. Bl\, Var. PULCHEBK OIA, Hook. Whole
plant covered with a soft silvery tomentum, becoming somewhat glab-
rate with age; stems simple, leafy, 9 7 -15 7 high, sterile ones not stolonif-
erous; radical leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 3'-4' long, acute, 3-5
nerved, upper leaves gradually smaller ; corymb more or less spreading :
involucre woolly at the base, scales brownish, tips white, not crisped.
Canby. South Park, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains of the
Platte and Long's Peak, Coulter.
AXTENXABIA ALPIXA, Grertn. Cifspitose, producing stoloniferous.
flowerless stems ; flowering stems 2'-8 7 high, simple ; leaves &'&' long,
white-tomentose, the radical ones spatulate, the cauline linear ; heads 3-
7, nearly sessile in capitate clusters ; involucre somewhat woolly at the
base ; scales olivaceous with paler and erosely- denticulate, narrowed tips,
rather obtuse in the sterile heads, but acute in the fertile ; pappus of
the sterile flowers strongly clavate. Hall <( Harbour, 310 : Parry. Clear
Creek, Canon and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
ANTENXABIA DIOICA, Gaertn. Sterile stems stoloniferous, 7 -1 high,
leafy; leaves silvery-tomentose. canescenton the lower or on both sides;
the radical spatulate, 1-nerved or 3-nerved at base, the cauline lanceo-
late or linear, appressed ; heads usually many in the capitate or open
corymbs ; scales of the involucre with loose-denticulate, mostly obtuse
tips, white, ochroleucous, rose-color or purple; achenia perfectly smooth.
Parry; Canby; B. H. Smith ; Porter; Brandegee ; Coulter. Common at
middle elevations.
ARNICA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Yahl. More or less villous ; stems 4 7 -! high,
bearing a single head; leaves lanceolate, acute or obtuse, entire or
sparingly denticulate, 3-nerved; the radical and lowest tapering into
winged petioles, cauline 1-3 pairs, sessile; involucre villous-hirsute :
achenia hirsute. Hall it* Harbour, 334; Parry. Canon City, Brandegee.
Long's Peak, Monument Park, Horse Shoe Mountain, and Sierra Madre
Range, Coulter. "A variable species, from the low and middle to the
alpine region; flowering early and late/'
Yar. EBADIATA, Or. Proc. Am. Acad., Marcli, 1S63, p. G8. Heads discoid :
leaves broader; scales of the involucre longer and narrower; usually
taller and larger in every way, often 2 high; ripe achenia in our speci-
mens hirsute. Hall i(- Harbour, 338. Parry, 10. Gothic Mountain.
Coulter.
ARNICA CHAMISSOXIS, Less. Hirsute-pubescent or somewhat woolly:
80 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
stems simple or branched above, 1-1J high, bearing 3 or more heads,
leafy to the summit; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, entire
or sparingly denticulate, 3-5-nerved, radical and lower cauline ones
narrowed into short petioles, the rest (2-6 pairs) sessile ; rays short;
involucre finely villous-pubescent; acheuia minutely hirsute. Hall cl-
Harbour, 337. South Park.
ARNICA MOLLIS, Hook. Readily distinguished by its almost plumose
pappus. "Alpine and sub-alpine." Hall & Harbour, 335; Dr. Smith.
Sierra Madre Range, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
ARNICA LATIFOLIA, Bong. Sparingly hirsute-pubescent or nearly
glabrous; stems 1 high, from a slender, creeping caudex; leaves thin
and flaccid, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, unequally and often very
sharply serrate, veiny; the radical ones on long, slender petioles, cauliue
in about 3 pairs, closely sessile by a cordate base or the lowermost some-
what petioled; heads solitary or 1-2 additional from the uppermost
axils, rather small; involucre obconic; scales lanceolate; acuminate;
somewhat hairy towards the base; ligules narrow; achenia nearly
smooth. Parry, 408. White House Mountain, at 12,000 feet altitude,
Coulter.
ARNICA CORDIFOLIA, Hook. Woolly-pubescent, becoming glabrate
with age; caudex slender, creeping; stems 6'-14' high; leaves thinnish,
radical and lower ones cordate, roundish, obtuse or acute, on long slen-
der petioles, denticulate or sharply toothed, the cauline 1-3 pairs, on
shorter petioles, less deeply cordate and more acute, the highest pair
sessile; heads rather large, 1-3, on long peduncles; involucres villous-
pubescent; scales lanceolate, often somewhat abruptly acuminate;
acheuia hirsute. Hall & Harbour, 336. Common; alpine andMib-alpine;
very variable in size. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. South Park, Canby.
Meehan. Sierra Madre Range, Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude,
Twin Lakes and Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
SENECIO LTJGKENS, Richards. Perennial, white-tomentose,deciduously
lanate or nearly smooth; stem G'-2 high, often several from one root;
leaves glandular- toothed or denticulate, sometimes entire, obscurely
veined, 2 / -8 / long, 6 /7 -2' wide, the radical obovate or oblong-spatulate
obtuse, narrowed into a petiole, cauline sessile and partly clasping, lan-
ceolate; corymb open or dense; heads variable in size, usually rather
large; involucres with a few bractlets at the base; scales linear-lanceo-
late, acute, with blackish-purple tips; rays from 10-12, oblong linear;
twice as long as the involucre; acheuia glabrous.
Var. HOOKERI, Eaton. King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 188. (8. lugens. Hook.
Fl. Bor. Am. 1, 332, t. 114.) Deciduously tomentose or smooth; stem
simple; leaves entire or glandular-toothed; radical ones oblong spatu-
late, cauliue lanceolate, acute, clasping; corymb dense; scales of the
involucre conspicuously sphacelate. Dr. Smith. Canon City, Brantlegec;
Meehan. Sierra Madre Range, at 11,500 feet altitude, Coulter.
Yar. PARRYI, Eaton. I.e. Slightly webhy at first, becoming glabrate;
leaves mostly not toothed, rather broad ; involucral scales scarcely or
not at all blackened at the tips. Long's Peak and Head of Boulder
Canon, Coulter.
Var. EXALTATUS, Eaton, 1. c., (S. exaltatm, Nutt.) Stem and corymb
densely webby-tomentose, stout, li-2 high ; leaves nearly entire or
finely glandular-denticulate, ample ; lower ones sometimes 9' long
and 2' broad; heads small, in a dense compound, somewhat umbel-like
corymb ; scales of the involucre Avith a dark midvein and the tips some-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 81
what blackened. Hall & Harbour, 325. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith.
Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Meehan. Clear Creek Canon and
Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SENECIO TRIAN&ULARIS, Hook. Glabrous throughout ; stems 2-4
high, simple, striate, leafy, 3-4 from one root; leaves 3'-5' long, !J'-3'
wide, deltoid-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, sharply and unequally re-
pand-dentate or cut-toothed, acute, truncate or subcordate at the base or
abruptly narrowed into a winged petiole ; heads rather large, 6" long,
few in a loose or sometimes fastigiate corymb ; involucre subcyliudraceous,
with a few subulate bractlets at base ; scales about 15, lanceolate, with
sphacelate tips; rays 6-9, less than twice as long as the involucre;
acheuia striate, glabrous. ITaM & Harbour, 323. Twin Lakes and
Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
StfNECio ANDINUS, Nutt. Glabrous ; stems many from one root,
20.40 high, simple, striate, very leafy; leaves 3 / -5 / long, 3"-10" wide,
linear-lanceolate, acute at both ends, sharply serrulate with incurved
teeth, upper ones sessile, lower ones short-petioled ; heads 4" long,
numerous, in panicled corymbs ; involucres calyculate with small subu-
late bracts; rays 5-8; disk-flowers 12-20; achenia glabrous. Hall &
Harbour, 324. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
SENECIO INTEGERRIMUS, BTutt. Glabrous throughout ; stem simple,
striate, 12 / -18 / high; leaves entire; radical ones 3'-5' long and V-%
wide, rather obtuse, tapering into a petiole, somewhat fleshy, upper
small, lanceolate, acute, partly clasping; corymb simple or nearly so;
heads rather large, 8-20; involucre hemispherical, bracteolate, scales
15-20, narrowly linear, acute, rays about 8, small; disk flowers 40-50;
achenia striate, nearly glabrous. Hall & Harbour, 318. "A low form;
alpine."
SENECIO AUREUS, L. An extremely variable species, very abundant
among the mountains, of which the following are the most marked varie-
ties :
Var. ALPINUS. Gr., Sill. Jour. (JV. S.) v. 33, p. 11. Stem scapiform,
bearing 1-2 heads, 3' high, bracteate ; radical leaves coriaceous, rounded
or obovate-oblong, almost veinless, very entire or somewhat 3-toothed
at the apex. Hall & Harbour, 229. White House Mountain, at 13,000
feet altitude, Coulter. The specimens of the last collection have the
leaves more denticulate; heads sometimes 3.
Var. WERNERI JEFOLIUS, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad., March, 1863, p. 68. Note.
Csespitose, at first arachnoid- woolly; radical leaves numerous, spatulate,
oblaiiceolate or spatulate-liuear, attenuate at the base, erect, coriaceous,
rigid, veinless, very entire, margins frequently revolute, becoming gla-
brate, with the petiole 2 / -4 / long, 2 // -3 // broad ; scapes leafless, 3'-5' high,
bracts few, subulate-setaceous, wrapped in wool ; corymb 3-8 headed.
Hall & Harbour. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
Var. OBOVATUS, T. & G. Radical leaves roundish-obovate or broad-
ly spatulate, toothed or serrated. White House Mountain, at 11,500 feet
altitude, Coulter.
Var. BOREALIS, T. & G. Smooth ; radical leaves thickish, obovate or
spatulate, entire or crenulate-toothed at the apex only. Hall & Har-
bour, 333 ; Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Clear Creek Canon and Twin Lakes,
Coulter.
Var. BALSAMIT^E, T. & G. More or less woolly, becoming glabrous ;
radical leaves oval and oblong, spatulate and lanceolate, crenate, sharp-
ly crenate-toothedor lyrately-incised; achenia glabrous or strigose on the
6F c
82 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO
angles. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. Twin Lakes, Bear Creek, Long's Peak,
and Ute Pass, Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Var. CROCEUS, Gr. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 68. Smooth ; rad-
ical leaves roundish-oval, more or less crenately-toothed or incised \
corymb rather compact; rays saffron-yellow. Hall & Harbour, 332.
South Park, Porter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Twin Lakes,
Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude, and White House Mountain, at
13,000 feet, Coulter.
SENECIO LONGILOBUS, Benth. Glabrous ; stems 2-2J high, usually
much branched; branches erect; leaves linear, somewhat tapering to
the base,2'-4/ in length, l"-2" wide, entire or pinnately 3-9 parted, divis-
ions linear, divaricate; heads corymbose, calyculate, with a few small
scales, 5" long; scales of the involucre glabrous, linear-lanceolate, with
scarious margins, finely striate; pappus bright white; achenia strigose-
cauesceut. Branches of the panicle often flexuose. Canby ; B. H.
Smith; Hall & Harbour, 328. Plains around Denver, Dr. Smith. Along
the Platte, Coulter.
SENECIO FILIFOLIUS, Nutt., var. JAMESII, T. & G. Suffruticose,
much branched, densely tomentose-canescent; branches very leafy to the
summit; leaves narrowly linear, 3' long, entire or pinnately-parted, divis-
ions 3-9, margins revolute; heads in a terminal corymb, rather large;
involucre somewhat calyculate; rays 7-8, linear, rather long; acheuia
caneseently-strigose. Gafion Gity, Brandegee.
SENECIO CERNUUS, Gr. Silt. Jour., (N. S.,) v. 33, p. 10. Glabrous; stem
slender, 1 high, paniculate at the summit; leaves lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, tapering at the base into a long petiole, subciliate on the
margins, sparingly toothed or nearly entire, lower leaves, including the
petiole, 4'-7 / ,long, V broad; heads numerous, small, scarce 6" long, nod-
ding, discoid; pedicels 1-2 bracteolate; involucre with a few minute
bracteoles at base ; achenia very glabrous. Hall & Harbour, 320 ; Parry,
52; Dr. Smith. Ute Pass, Porter. Twin Lakes, Porter.
SENECIO CANUS, Hook. Whitish-tomentose throughout ; stems tufted,
2 / -12 / high; radical leaves oblong-spatulate, entire, cauline sessile, lan-
ceolate, partly clasping, sinuate-piimatifid or somewhat toothed towards
the base; heads few, in a simple corymb; involucre nearly ecalyculate;
rays 8-12, short; achenia glabrous. Hall & Harbour, 330. a Alpine and
sub-alpine," Parry, 20.
SENECIO EREMOPHILUS, Richards. Perennial, glabrous ; stem stri-
ate, often purplish, l-4 high, corymbosely branched toward the sum-
mit, leafy; leaves short-petioled, 2'-3' long, 6 // -12 // wide, lower some-
times larger, deeply incised, with unequal, ovate-lanceolate, toothed seg-
ments, sometimes deeply parted, with linear segments which are sharply
toothed; heads many, in compound corymbs ; involucre cylindrical-bell-
*bjined ; calyculate bractlets few ; scales often blackish -tipped and
sphacelate ; rays 7-9, rather long ; achenia striate, glabrous. Hall &
Harbour, 327. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Ute Pass, Porter. Canon Gity,
Brandegee. Near Mount Lincoln, Coulter.
SENECIO FREMONTII, T. & G. Perennial, glabrous; stems 1-several,
3'-15' high, leafy to the top, often decumbent; leaves sessile, oblong
or obovate-spatulate, somewhat fleshy, laciniate-dentate or obscurely
toothed, upper ones l'-2'long, lower ones gradually smaller ; heads soli-
tary or few, on very short, erect peduncles ; involucre bell-shaped, 4"-6"
long, sparingly bracteolate ; rays 10-16, yellow ; achenia glabrous. "Al-
pine."- Hall & Harbour, 322. Dr Smith. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 83
SENECIO BIGELOVII, Gr. in Bot. Whippl. Exped., Pacif. R. R. Surv., 4,
p. 111. Glabrous; stem simple, stout, erect, 18'-2, from a perennial
root, racemose at the summit, bearing 3-15 heads ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, sharply callous-dentate, contracted into a large mar-
gined petiole; uppermost lanceolate, narrowed at the base, partly clasp-
ing ; heads large, nodding, homogamous ; involucre broadly cainpanu-
late, with a few short setaceous bracteoles at base; scales 10-12, acute,
equal, outer ones lanceolate, inner ones broader, scarious-margined j
rays none ; achenia very glabrous.
Yar. HALLII, Gr. Proc. AcacL Phil., March, 1863, p. 67. Note. Leaves
almost all lanceolate, more or less woolly pubescent, hairs articulated j
cauline leaves all sessile or the lowest contracted into a winged petiole.
Hall ' ( Harbour ,321. Canby. Canon City, Brandegee. Mount El bert
and Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
SENECIO AMPLECTENS, Gr. /. c. Slightly woolly, becoming glabrate;
stem G'-lo' high from a perennial root, naked at the apex, bearing 1-3
heads ; leaves membranaceous, oblong or lingulate, either repand or
very sharply-toothed or even sub-laciniate, lowest narrowed at the base
or attenuated into a winged petiole, upper sessile, half-clasping by a
broad base ; heads upon long, slender peduncles, nodding ; involucre
loosely ealyculate; rays linear, elongated, l'-2' long, golden -y ello w ;
achenia very smooth. Hall & Harbour, 317. Canby. Gray's Peak, Dr.
Smith ; Meehan. White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet altitude, La
Plata Mountain, at 12,000 feet, and Horse Shoe Mountain, at 11,000 feet,
Coulter.
Tar. TARAXACOIDES, Gr. I. c. Truly alpine; 2 / -5 / high, bearing a single
head ; head smaller, less nodding ; rays less than V long ; leaves all
attenuated at base, more or less laciniate. Summit of Pike's Peak,
Canby. Sange de Cristo Pass, Brandegee.
SENECIO* SOLDANELL A, Gr. Proc. Am. Acad., March, 1863, p. 67. Note.
Subcaulescent, '-5' high; very smooth, sub-glaucous; stems bearing a
single head, rarely more; root fasciculate- fibrous ; leaves thick, purple-
tinged beneath, radical and lowest orbiculate, occasionally somewhat
renitbrm, contracted at the 3-nerved base into a long or very long flat
petiole, often somewhat denticulate, l'-2' in diameter, upper ones 1-3,
smaller, oblong or spatulate, on short dilated petioles; heads large, some-
what nodding, 8 // -12 // broad and about as long; scales of the involucre
lanceolate, with scarious margins, 16-20, with 7-9 of the outer ones nar-
rower, and without margins, looser and either a little or one-half shorter;
rays oblong, 16-18, yellow, about 4" long, scarely surpassing the disk ;
achenia very glabrous. Hall & Harbour, 319. "High alpine, among
rocks." Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Mount La Plata, at 14,000 feet
altitude, and White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet, Coulter.
SENECIO RENIFOLIUS, Porter, (n. sp.) Very smooth ; stems, as well as
the petioles and under surfaces of the leaves, bright purple, numerous,
ascending from a long, slender, creeping purple root-stock, l'-2' high;
leaves clustered at the base, all reniform, crenate, or crenate-lobed, 4"-
6" long, on flattened petioles of the same length, dark green above ; up-
per leaves 1-2, spatulate, crenate, sessile ; peduncle somewhat elongated,
bearing a single erect head, about 4 // -6 // long, 4 // -5 // broad ; scales of
the involucre rather shorter than the disk, nearly equal, 4" long, lance-
olate and linear- lanceolate, purple, inner ones with slightly scarious
margins; calyculate scales few, minute, subulate; rays oblong, about
4" in length; bright yellow; achenia glabrous. High alpine. White
House Mountain, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
84 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
TETRAD YMiA 1 CANESCENS, DC., var. INERMIS, Gr. (T. inermis, Kutt.)
Shrubby, much branched, l-2 high, silvery-canescent, unarmed;
leaves thiekish, short, 6"-9" long, l"-2" wide, densely tomentpse, acute
but scarcely mucronate; axillary fascicles of smaller leaves none; heads
corymbose-clustered; in volucral scales 2 // -4 // long, four, oblong, obtuse,
carinate; florets 4; achenia sparingly villous with short, soft hairs, soon
becoming nearly smooth. North Park, Hayden. Upper Arkansas, Por-
ter. Arkansas River, Coulter.
TETRADYMIA GLABRATA, T. & G. Pacif. R. R. Rep., 2, p. 122, t. 5.
Shrubby, divaricately branched, unarmed; young branchlets and foliage
loosely clothed with white floccose wool which is soon deciduous; leaves
subulate or acerose, rather fleshy, primary ones erect, not spinesceut,
3"-o" long, " wide, linear-subulate, mucronate, producing the next year
from their axils shorter, obtuse, ericoid leaves ; heads corymbose ;
scales of the involucre 4, white-pubescent or glabrate, about 4" long;
florets 4; achenia villous, the hairs much shorter than the pappus.
Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
CIRSIUM UNDULATUM, Spreng. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Along the
Platte, and also a form with yellowish flowers, Coulter.
. CIRSIUM VIRGINIANUM, MX. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Along the Platte, Coulter.
CIRSIUM FOLIOSUM, DC., (C. edule, Nutt.) Stem erect, stout, striate,
somewhat woolly, branched toward the top ; leaves loosely webby on
both surfaces, elongated, G'-ll' long, not over 1' wide, irregularly sinu-
ate-toothed, teeth triangular, and the veins ending in strong stramineous
spines ; heads large, glomerate in the axils of the uppermost leaves, or
peduncled ; involucral scales linear-lanceolate, appressed, spine-tipped,
arachnoid-tomentose. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Hall cJ& Harbour, 330
and 341. Weston's Pass and Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
CIRSIUM DRUMMONDII, T. & G. Stemless or with simple stems, l-2
high, sparsely hairy ; leaves green and smooth above, paler and slightly
webby beneath, radical ones oblanceolate or spatulate, primary ones
entire, with ciliate-spinulose margins, later ones and the stem-leaves
pinnately toothed or incised, often doubly so, and spiny with weak
slender prickles; heads 1-4, sessile or short- stalked, surrounded either
by the radical leaves or by a circle of leaves at the top of the stem :
involucres glabrous, or with the scales softly ciliate on the margins ;
-scales triangular-lanceolate, appressed, tipped with weak prickles ;
flowers red or purplish. -
(a.) Caulescent form. Hall & Harbour, 343. (b.) Acaulescent form.
Hall & Harbour, 339. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
CIRSIUM ERIOCEPHALUM, Gr. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 69.
Stein l-2 high, simple, leafy, deciduously arachnoid-tomeiitose ; leaves
nearly smooth above, paler and webby beneath, far decurrent, linear or
dblong-linear, pinnatitid, with very numerous, crowded, short, very spiny
lobes; heads several, sessile, in a dense terminal cluster, iuvolucrate
with very spiny foliaceous bracts which pass gradually into spinulose-
ciliate, spine-tipped involucral scales, which are clothed with a finely
1 TETRAD YMIA, DC. Heads 4-nowered, (in one species 5-9-flowered;) the flowers all
tubular, perfect and fertile ; the corollas funnel-form with a long slender tube, deeply
5-lobed, the linear lobes slightly recurved. Involucre of 4 (rarely 5-6) sub-equal con-
cave-cariuate, rigid, oblong, scales. Receptacle very small, naked. Anthers linear,
exserted. Branches of the style linear, with very short, ovate, obtuse, pubescent append-
ages. Achenia oblong-linear, villous or glabrate. Pappus copious, of very fine, un-
equal, capillary, denticulate filaments as long as the tube of the corolla.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 85
tomentose wool, inner scales entire, spine-tipped ; flowers yellow. Hall
c(- Harbour i 341. Sangre de Christo Pass, Brandegee. White House
Mountain and Mount La Plata, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
CIRSIUM OCHROCENTRUM, Gr. PL FendL, p. 110. Stem very leafy,
erect, 2-3 high, webby-tomentose ; leaves piunatifid, sessile; upper-
most decurrent, becoming glabrate ; cauliiie leaves 4'-6' long, very
spiny ; opines 6" in length, yellow ; heads subsolitary, sessile on the
ends of the branches, rather small, V or less in diameter ; scales of the
globose iuvolucre glabrous, abruptly ending in stout yellow spines 6" in
length. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
STEPHAN03IERIA 1 MINOR, Nutt. /^Including S. runcinata, Nutt.) Pe-
rennial, glabrous; stems single, much branched, l-2 high, lower leaves
2 / -3 / long, runcinately toothed, upper ones reduced to subulate entire, 2-4
toothed bracts ; heads 5-7 flowered, solitary on the ends of the branch-
lets: proper involucral scales 5-7, 4 // -5 // long; achenia 5-ribbed, smooth \
pappus of 15 distinct setae, plumose nearly or quite to the base. Hall &
Harbour, 346. Plains near Denver, B. H. Smith. Colorado Springs.
Porter.
CYNTHIA VIRGINICA, Don. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee : Red-
field.
TROXIMON CUSPIDATUM, Pursh. Plains around Denver and Saint
Vrain River, Coulter.
HIERACIUM FENDLERI, Schultz. (Crepis ambigua, Gr. PL FendL, p.
114.) Stem scape-form and simple from a perennial root, or with 1 or 2
elongated branches from the base or near it, each bearing 5-8 heads ;
leaves obovate-oblong, very entire, beset with scattered, spreading,
hispid bristles, otherwise very smooth, 2 / -3 / long, sessile, the radical
with a tapering base, somewhat purplish underneath ; heads 9" long, on
rather long peduncles; florets about 30; involucre cylindrical, hairy,
scales linear, exterior ones twice shorter, appressed ; ligules very short,
a little longer than the pappus, usually a little shorter than the styles;
achenia fusiform, narrowed upwards, but not truly rostrate, 4" in length,
many-ribbed, very smooth, as long as the copious, dull- white pappus.
Mace's Hole, Fremont Countv, Brandegee. Parry. Wet Mountain Val-
ley, Redfield.
HIERACIUM ALBIFLORUM, Hook. Stems simple, l-3 high, rather
slender, smooth above, hispid near the base, like the petioles and mid-
ribs, with rather long deflexed hairs ; leaves mostly radical or low on the
stem; oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire or denticulate ; heads rather small,
on nearly smooth, bracteolate pedicels, in a compound, at length very
open corymb; involucre nearly ecalyculate, the blackish scales sparsely
hairy; flowers white; about 20; achenia very slightly narro wed toward
the summit. Hall & Harbour, 350, " subalpine, west of the range;
rare." Mountain of the Holy Cross, Coulter.
HIERACIUM TRISTE, Willd. Stem slender, simple, 6 / -12 / high, smooth
below, hispid with blackish hairs above; leaves chiefly radical, hirsutu-
lous or smooth, entire or remotely denticulate, mucronate, tapering into
slender petioles ; involucres hispid with blackish hairs ; flowers 20-30 :.
J STKPHANOMERIA, Xutt. (Including Heiniptilium, Gray.) Heads 3-12 flowered j
the flowers all lignlate. Involucre cylindrical, calyciilate'; bracelets few, very .small;
proper scales 3-7, suheqtial, but in two species more numerous, unequal andimbricated..
Receptacle naked, slightly honey-combed, Achenia oblong-linear or clfrvate-oblong,
with 5 prominent angles or ribs', the intercostal spaces either plain or tubereulate,,
rugose, or occupied by additional less elevated ridges. Pappus simple. .of. 5-25 plumose \
filiform seta? or bristles, slightly dilated at the base.
86 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
achenia oblong, not narrowed at the summit. Hall & Harbour, 349.
Sierra Madre Range and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
NABALTJS RACEMOSUS, Hook. Hall & Harbour, 351. " South Park ;
rare." Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
LYGODESMIA JUNCEA, Don. Hall & Harbour, 345. Plains near Den-
ver, Dr. fimith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee;
RedMd. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
Var. ROSTRATA, Gr. En. Hall & Harbour, p. 69. Note. Achenia
attenuate-rostrate at the apex, 6" long; heads often 8-9 flowered;
leaves very narrowly linear, elongated, 3'-4'. Near Greeley, Greene.
PYRRHOPAPPUS GRANDIFLORUS, Nutt. Scape simple, naked, much
longer than the deeply pinnatifid and ciliate radical leaves, bearing a
single head, 1 high, with a small bract in the middle; involucre
slightly canescent; ligules golden-yellow; pappus fulvous, with avillous
ring at base; aehenia produced into a long, slightly scabrous beak.
Plains of Eastern Colorado, Dr. Bell.
CREPis 1 RUNCINATA, T. & G. Perennial, slightly hirsute, becoming
smoother; radical leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate, runcinate-lobed
or only slightly toothed, tapering to the base, 2'-7' long ; scape l-2
high, branching, bearing a few linear, bract-like leaves ; branches and
involucres more or less hirsute with blackish, often glandular, hairs ;
involucres many-flowered, calyculate ; scales linear-lanceolate, with
scarious margins; achenia striate, slightly tapering upwards. Hall d'
Harbour, 348. South Park, Porter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Bear Creek and Sierra Madre Eange, Coulter.
CREPIS OCCIDENT ALIS, T. & G. Perennial, canescent, with a close
furfuraceous pubescence ; stern 6 / -18 / high, branching, leafy ; radical
leaves, with the petiole, 6'-9' long, lanceolate, tapering both ways,
acuminate, more or less deeply runcinate-piimatifld, with acute, often
toothed lobes; cauline leaves similar, but smaller and sessile ; heads
eoryinbed, 11-35 flowered; involucres calyculate, with a few loose
bractlets, the proper scales 8-10, 6"-S" long ; mature achenia rather
stout, 3" long, tapering to the apex, evidently 10-striate. Hall & Har-
bour, 353.
Var. GRACILIS, Eaton. (C. acuminata, var. gracilis, Torr. Ms.) Stem
evry slender, bearing 3-6 narrow, 9-14 flowered heads; leaves narrowly
linear, long-acuminate, with a few very narrow, almost filiform, elongated
teeth near the middle. Middle Park, Parry, 1864.
CREPIS NANA, Bichards. Perennial, nearly acaulescent; scapes nu-
merous from the summit of the somewhat fusiform caudex, bearing 1
or more, about 14-flowered heads, scarcely equalling the elliptical, or
roundish, entire, or siuuate-lyrate, long petioled leaves; petioles pur-
plish; rays yellow; involucre few-flowered, cylindrical, exterior calycu-
late scales short and appressed ; receptacle naked ; achenia slender,
5-30 striate, narrowed at the apex, scarcely rostrate. Mount Lincoln,
at 12,500 feet altitude, Coulter.
1 CREPIS, L. Heads several-m any-flowered; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre
usually calyculate with a few small bracteoles, the proper scales nearly equal, in a
single series. Receptacle naked or slightly hairy. Achenia terete or somewhat com-
pressed, 8-30 striate, usually narrower above or even tapering into a short beak, the
apex expanded into a minute disk. Pappus pure white, copious, of denticulate or
scabrous delicate capillary bristles, or sometimes of more rigid bristles slightly dilated
toward the base.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 87
MACRORRHYNCHUS 1 GLAUCUS, EatoD. (Troximon glaucum, Nutt.)
King's Hep., vol. 5, p. 204. Perennial, smooth and somewhat glaucous;
leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3'-6' long, about 6" broad, entire
or slightly runcinately- toothed; scape 6'-9' high; involucral scales un-
equal, the outer ones shorter and broadly ovate-lanceolate, slightly
pubescent, inner ones lanceolate, 7"-9" long; achenia 10-ribbed, con-
tracted toward the summit, but scarcely beaked; pappus rather coarse,
longer than the achenium. Hall & Harbour, 354 in part. Wet Mountain
Yi\i\ey,- Brandegee. Common on the plains of the Platte, Coulter. Gray's
Peak, Dr. Smith.
Var. DASYCEPHALUS, T. & G. " Involucre woolly, at least when young,
exterior scales spreading; leaves and scape often somewhat pubescent;
receptacle sometimes but not always furnished with a few linear, acu-
niinate, chaffy scales intermixed among the flowers." Hall <* Harbour,
356. Along the Platte and in the Sierra Madre Kauge, Coulter.
MACRORRHYNCHUS TROXIMOIDES, T, & G. Perennial, smooth and
somewhat glaucous; leaves oblanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 4 / -10 / long,
3"-9" wide, acuminate or obtuse and slightly apiculate, entire or lacini-
ately pinnatitid; scapes 4 / -2 high; involucre Q"-W long; scales nearly
equal, lanceolate from a broad base; acheiiia 10-ribbed, at length produced
into a slender beak two-thirds as long as the achenium proper and with
it slightly or considerably longer than the pappus. Hall & Harbour,
355. u Very variable at all heights, even alpine; flowers in July and Au-
gust. 7 ' Near Denver, B. H. Smith. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Plains of the Platte, Twin Lakes and White House Mountain at 12,000
feet altitude, Coulter.
TARAXACUM PALUSTRE, DC. Sparingly toinentose, at length very
smooth ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-spatulate, entire, sinuate, or strongly
runeinate, usually shorter than the scape, 4 / -8 / long, 5"-2' broad, obtuse
or acutish; inner scales of the involucre, more or less corniculate,
lanceolate, outer scales ovate, appressed, much shorter; achenia inuricate
and spiuulose towards the apex, when mature scarce half the length of
the beak. Scapes 4 / -12 / high. Hall & Harbour, 357. Wet Mountain
Valley and Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Clear Creek Canon;
Mount Lincoln, at 14,000 feet altitude, and White House Mountain, at
13,000 feet, Coulter.
MULGEDIUM PULCHELLUM, ^utt. Hall &Harbour, 344. Bear Denver,
Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter.
LOBELIA SYPHILITICA, L. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Near
Denver, Dr. Smith ; Greene.
LOBELIA CARDINALIS, L. Pueblo, Greene, 1873.
CAIWPANULACEJE.
CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. Hall & Harbour, 358. Xear Denver,
Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Xorth Park, Hay den.
Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
LM ACRORRHYXCHUS, Lessing. Heads many-flowered, the flowers all ligulate ; involucre
campanulate; the lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate scales imbricated in 2-3 series, the
inner ones scarious-niargined, the onter ones sometimes shorter, often foliaceoiis. Recep-
tacle naked, or very rarely with a few chaffy scales among the flowers. Achenia gla-
brous, terete or slightly obcompressed, 10-ribbed or winged, narrowed above and in most
species at length produced into a long slender beak, the apex dilated into a small flat
disk. Pappus of copious, white, scarcely, scabrous, soft and capillary or coarser and some-
what rigid bristles.
88 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
CAMPANULA LANGSDORFFIANA, Fisch. Glabrous ; stem simple, slen-
der, erect, 4'-l high, leafy toward the base, 1-flowered ; leaves sparsely
denticulate, radical ones spatulate, l'-2' long, tapering to the base, stem-
leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear ; ovary obconic; calyx-lobes lance-
olate, acuminate, serrulate on the margins, more than half as long as the
corolla ; corolla spreading-campanulate, deeply 5-lobed, narrowed toward
the base, large for the size of the plant, I' in diameter. Hall & Harbour,
359. " Very common in the subalpine region and lower, in wet ground."
North Park, Hayden. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. South Park,
Porter. Sierra Madre Eange and Ute Pass, Coulter.
CAMPANULA UNIFLORA, DC. Prod. 7, p. 482. Stem 1-flowered; leaves
subentire, lower obovate, petioled, the middle ones obovate-lanceolate
and the upper ones occasionally linear-lanceolate; calyx slightly villous
with linear acuminate lobes, nearly equaling the funnel form corolla ;
capsule cylindrical; stems 2 / -4 / high. Hall & Harbour, 360. " Pike's
Peak ; high alpine. 77 Divide between Sacramento and Mosquito, at 13,000
ft. lat., Coulter. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee.
CAMPANULA APARINOIDES, Pursh. Hall & Harbour, 361.
SPECULARIA PERFOLIATA, A. DC. Plains of the Platte near Denver,
Coulter. Golden City, Greene.
ERICACEJE.
VACCINIUM C^ESPITOSUM, MX. Hall & Harbour, 363.
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS, L. Branches sharply-angled, green ; leaves
deciduous, ovate, minutely serrate, glabrous, shining ; peduncles 1-flow-
ered, solitary, axillary, nodding ; stemG'-l high, very diffusely branched ;
flowers small, V in length, white ; fruit small, about W in diameter,
light red. Leaves variable in size, 2 // -6 // long, 2"-6" broad. Alpine and
subalpine. Hall & Harbour, 362. Canon City, Brandegee. Georgetown,
Dr. Smith. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URST, Spreng. Hall & Harbour, 364. Dr.
Smith ; B. H. Smith ; Porter. Common in the mountains, Coulter. The
" Kinnikinick " of the Indians.
GAULTHERIA MYRSINITES, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 35, t. 129. Low,
trailing; stems 2 / -6 / long, leaves orbicular-ovate, ciliate-serrate, shining,
4 // -9 // in diameter; flowers solitary, with several ovate bracts ; subcam-
paimlate corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, white, V in length ; anthers
obtuse ; filaments glabrous ; disk none ; fruit scarlet. Hall & Harbour,
365.
KALMIA GLAUCA, Ait., var. MIOROPHYLLA, Hook. Stems leafy, l'-2'
long; leaves somewhat oval, scarcely 6" in length; flowers 1-4, on ped-
icels I 7 long. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 370.
PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA, L.,var. ULIGINOSA, Gr. Hall & Harbour, 367 ;
Parry. Wet Mountain Valley, Eedjield.
PYROLA CHLORANTHA, Swartz. Hall & Harbour, 368 ; Meehan.
PYROLA SECUND A, L. Hall & Harbour, 366. Georgetown, Dr. Smith;
Meehan. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
PYROLA MINOR, L. Parry. Twin Lake Creek, at 10,000 feet altitude,
Coulter. Alpine forests, Jefferson County, Greene.
MONESES UNIFLORA, Gr. Hall & Harbour, 369. Wet Mountain Val-
ley, Brandegee. Mount La Plata, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
PTEROSPORA ANDROMEDEA, Nutt. North Park, Hayden. Chiaim
Canon, Porter. Hall & Harbour, 371. Sangre de Cristo Range, Eedjield.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 89
PtANTAOINACEJE.
PLANTAGO ERIOPODA, Torr. Ann. N. T., Lye. 2, p. 237. Perennial ;
base of the leaves and scape invested with a long dense wool of a rusty
brown color ; leaves broadly lanceolate, 4'-6' long, ! 7 -2 7 wide, attenuate
at each end, long-petioled, acute, very smooth and entire, distinctly
5-nerved; scape 6'-l high, terete, very glabrous; spike cylindrical,
3'-6' long, of rather remote, perfect flowers ; stamens and styles very
long; bracts broadly ovate, obtusish; capsules 2-celled, 4-5 seeded;
seeds not hollowed. Hall & Harbour, 372. South Park, Porttr. Wes-
ton's Pass, Coulter.
PLANTAGO PATAGONICA, Jacq., var. GNAPHALIOIDES, Gr. Very abun-
dant on the plains. Hall & Harbour, 374. Near Denver, Dr. ftmith.
Colorado Springs, Porter; B. H. Smith. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
Var. ARISTATA, Gr. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
PRIMULA PARRYT, Gr. Sill. Jour. (N. S.) 34, p. 257. Leaves oblance-
olate, narrowed to a broad, fleshy petiole, and with the rest of the plant
somewhat glandular-scabrous, at least upon the margin, which is entire
or denticulate with short glandular teeth, 6 / -12 / long; scapes 4 / -16 /
high ; flowers rose-color, becoming purple in drying, 6-15, on unequal
pedicels, ^'-3' long; leaves of the involucre subulate or linear, unequal,
acute, several times shorter than the elongated pedicels ; calyx-lobes
broad-lanceolate, acute, equaling the tube of the pink corolla; corolla-
lobes rounded, obcordately 2-cleft or ernarginate. Alpine and sub-
alpine; common. Parry, 311; Hall & Harbour, 379. Gray's Peak, Dr.
Smith; Aleehan. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet attitude, July 9, Coulter.
Redjield.
PRIMULA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr. Ann., N. Y. Lye. 1, p. 34, t. 3, fig. 3.
Tufted, from a thick rootstock; scapes 3 // -12 // high, leafless; leaves
elliptical lanceolate or oblong, sometimes spatulate, 6 /7 -12 77 long, obtuse,
mem bran aceous, veinless, glabrous, very entire ; scape solitary, 1 -flow-
ered, shorter than the leaves, with a bract a little below the flower;
calyx cylindrical-oblong, 5-6 cleft, smooth, segments subulate, erect;
corolla purple, sub-campanulate, tube longer than the calyx, limb
erect, spreading, with ovate, obtuse, very entire segments, 6 /7 -7 /7 broad ;
stamens in the tube of the corolla ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong,
2-celled; style 1, straight, persistent; stigma globose; capsule ovate.
High-alpine. Pike's Peak, Porter; Parry. James's Peak, at 12,000 feet
altitude, Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet, and Mount La Plata, at 14,000 feet,
Coulter. Gray's Peak, Redfield.
PRIMULA FARINOSA, L. Hall & Harbour, 378. Canon City, Brandegee.
Colorado Springs, Porter. South Park, Coulter.
ANDROSACESEPTENTRIONALIS,L. DC. Prod. 8, p. 52. Annual, acaules-
cent, minutely pubescent; leaves rosulate, lanceolate or lance-ovate, J 7 -! 7
long, denticulate, on a broad petiole; scapes numerous, many-flowered,
3-20, 7 -6 7 high ; leaflets of the involucre subulate, acute ; calyx-lobes
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the corolla; pedicels numerous,
filiform; calyx-tube obconic. Common at all elevations from low sub-
alpine to alpine. Hall & Harbour, 37 '6; Parry. Canon City, Brandegee;
Canby. Georgetown, Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Porter. Clear Creek
Canon, Long's Peak, and the Sierra Madra Range, Coulter.
ANDROSACE FILIFORMIS, Retz. DC. Prod. 8, p. 53. Acaulescent ;
90 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
leaves rosulate, ovate, or ovate-rotund, subacute, very smooth, serrate-
dentate, petiolate, petiole winged, nearly equaling the limb; scapes
numerous, erect, filiform, sparingly pilose above; involucre small; ped-
icels 20-30, capillary; calyx 5-cleft, campanulate, very smooth, lobes
equaling the tube or a little shorter, lance-ovate, acute ; limb of the
corolla very small, with obtuse, lance-ovate lobes. Much smaller and
more delicate in all its parts than the preceding, which it much re-
sembles, but is readily distinguished by its subglobose calyx with shorter
acd less spreading teeth. " Subalpine; not rare." Hall & Harbour, 375.
ANDROSACE OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt. "On the plains." Hall & Har-
bour, 377.
ANDROSACE CHAM^EJASME, Willd. DC. Prod. 8, p. 51. (A. carinata,
Torr.) Steins erect; l'-2' high; leaves rosulate, much crowded, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, very entire, scarcely petioled, subglabrous on both
sides, ciliate on the margin ; scapes 1 or few, 2-5-flowered, villous with
jointed hairs ; leaflets of the involucre equaling the pedicels or a little
shorter, lance-ovate, villous, ciliate; lobes of the campanulate calyx
about 5, pilose, about equaling the tube, acute or obtuse; lobes of the
corolla entire, ovate, sinuate; capsule globose, 1" in diameter. High
alpine. Pike's Peak, Porter. Hall & Harbour, 202. Sangre de Cristo
Pass, Brandegee. Mount Evans, Greene.
DODECATHEON MEADIA, L. Hall & Harbour, 381 ; Meehan. Middle
Boulder, Coulter. South Park, Porter. Subalpine and alpine.
LYSIMACHIA CILIATA, L. " Mountains at medium height," Hall d*
Harbour, 382 ; Meehan.
GLAUX MARITIMA, L. Hall & Harbour, 60 and 577. South Park,
Porter and Coulter.
L.ENTIBUJLACEJE.
UTRICULARIA VULGARIS L. " In a subalpine lake." Hall & Harbour,
580 . Cold Marsh, near Long's Peak, Coulter.
UTRICULARIA GIBBA, L. Alpine lake, 1870, Greene.
OROBANCHACEJE.
PHELIP^A LUDOVICIANA, Don. On rootsof Artemisia frigida,V?illd.,
Meehan.
APHYLLON FASCICULATUM, T. & G.Hall & Harbour, 383. Near
Denver, B. H. Smith; Meehan. Canon City, Brandegee. South Park,
Porter. Monument Park and Weston's Pass, Coulter.
APHYLLON UNIFLORUM, T. & G. Golden City, Greene.
SCROPHUL.ARIACE JS.
LINARIA CANADENSIS, Spreng. Golden City, Greene.
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA, L. Foot-hills west of Denver, Porter. Bear
Creek, Coulter; Greene.
COLLINSIA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. Hall & Harbour, 402. Canon City,
Brandegee. Saint Vrain Canon, Coulter.
PENTSTEMON BARBATUS, Nutt. Gr. Rev. Pentst. Proc. Am. Aead., 6.
p. 59. Very glabrous, 2-3 high; leaves very entire; upper ones linear-
lanceolate ; panicle lax, elongated ; segments of the short calyx margined ;
corolla strongly bilabiate, scarlet, V or more long, upper lip broad, con-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 91
cave, slightly emarginate-bifid, lower deflexed, deeply 3-cleft, scarce
equal in length to the upper, usually bearded ; tube elongated, scarcely
ampliate ; sterile filanieut naked.
Var. TORREYI, Gr. Bot. Mex. Bound., p. 114. (P. Torreyi, Benth. in
DC. Prod. 10, p. 324.) Tall, 2-3 high, glaucous; leaves entire, can-
line sessile, lanceolate or linear ; panicle elongated, few-flowered ; corolla
l'-l' long, somewhat dilated above, throat less bearded or naked; lips,
especially the upper, a little longer; bright scarlet. Hall & Harbour,
395. Cahou City, Brandegee. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Ute Pass, Coul-
ter.. Not common.
PENTSTEMON GLABER, Pursh. Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 59. Very glabrous ;
stems 6'-3 high, usually several from the same root, stont ; leaves fleshy,
glaucous, sessile, entire, 2'-4' long, 4 // -9 // wide ; flowers large, showy, in
a . thyrsoid panicle, violet-purple, 12 // -15 // long; sepals broadly ovate,
submembrauaceous on the margin, obtuse or more or less pointed; corolla
bright purple, showy, widely dilated above, the limb shortly 2-lobed
with the lobes rounded and spreading equally, bearded in the throat ;
anthers loosely hairy, hirsutulous or glabrous, the divaricate cells dehis-
cent from the base nearly to the summit, but not expanded ; the sterile
filament short-hirsute toward the apex or glabrous. Hall & Harbour,
384. Monument Park, Porter. Plains near Denver, Dr. Smith. Com-
mon.
Var. ALPINTJS, Gr. (P. alpinus, Torr.) Dwarf, 4 / -12 / high, more strict,
sometimes pruinose-puberulent; sepals from an ovate base or oblong-
lanceolate, long acuminate. Parry. " Rocky Mountains on both sides."
Hoopes.
PENTSTEMON CYANANTHUS, Hook. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 60. (P. glaber,
var. cyananthus, Gr.) Glabrous; stems slender but sometimes stout-
l-2 high ; cauline leaves broadly ovate or oblong, acute or acurni,
nate, 2 / -4 / long, l'-2' broad ; thyrsoid panicle usually very short, 4' long-
sepals ovate-lanceolate with a long attenuated acumiuation ; otherwise
as in P. glaber. Platte River, Coulter.
Var. BRANDEGKEI, Porter. Minutely pubemlent except the peduncles
and flowers ; stem stout, erect, 1 J-2 high ; leaves opposite, very entire,
thick, coriaceous, veiny, the lower ones spatulate or ovate-lanceolate,
narrowed to the base, upper ones much larger, somewhat crowded, cor-
date-ovate, sessile, clasping and almost connate, finely ciliate on the mar-
gins, 2 / -3 / long, I'-IJ' broad; bracts of the ample thyrse (6' long) similar
but smaller; cymes 6-8-flowered ; calyx-segments broad-ovate, with scari-
ouserose-deuticulate margins, subulate-acuminate, glabrous; corolla I'-IJ'
long, abruptly veiitricose-campaimlate, the upper part and the rounded
lobes bright azure blue, paler or white beneath, slightly hairy in the
throat, smooth within ; sterile filament scantily bearded under the dilated
apex; capsule ovoid, acute. Sierra Mojado, Brandegee.
PENTSTEMON FREMONTI, Gr. Gr. Rev. I. c., p. 60. Pruinose puber-
uleut, a span or more high ; lower leaves spatulate, cauline lanceolate,
sessile; panicle strict, spike-form, naked, cymules approximate, many-
flowered, very short-peduucled ; sepals oblong-ovate, acute, membra-
nous on the margin ; corolla 9" long, narrowly funnel-form, scarcely
bilabiate ; anthers sparingly hirsute ; sterile filament dilated and bearded
at the apex.
Var. PARRYI, Gr. King's Rep. vol. 5, p. 218. Stem slender, 1-
2 high ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2' long, 4 // -9 // wide ;
panicle few-many-flowered, more or less interrupted, with the pedun-
92 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
cles, 6"-12" long ; flowers purple or occasionally nearly white ; anthers
glabrous except along the dehiscence. Colorado, Parry.
PENTSTEMON C^ERULEUS, Nutt. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 61. (P. angustifolim,
Nutt.) A span high ; glabrous or the upper stem and leaves usually min-
utely pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, thick, entire, sessile, erect,
crowded; sepals lanceolate, gradually acuminate, often ciliolate on the
margins, white-membranaceous; corolla 6" long, somewhat dilated,
scarcely 2-lipped, bright azure or purplish-blue ; anthers glabrous, often
with short- ciliate margins; sterile filament, usually dilated and yellow-
bearded at the apex. Foot-hills near Denver, Coulter.
PENTSTEMON ACUMINATUS, Dougl. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 61. Glabrous and
glaucous, 6'-18' high ; radical leaves spatulate, cauline lanceolate, oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, or the upper ones subcordate, rigid, glaucous ; thyr-
sus elongated, many-flowered, often secund ; sepals either ovate or lan-
ceolate, acute or acuminate; corolla Q"-W long, blue or purple, tube
gradually dilated upward, lobes rounded, flat, spreading; capsule very
sharply acuminate. Hall & Harbour, 386; Parry. Near Denver, Dr.
Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. B. H. Smith. Monument Park and
Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
PENTSTEMON SECUNDIFLORUS, Benth. DC. Prod, 10, p. 325. Glabrous,
pale, and somewhat glaucous, 12'-30' high; radical leaves petioled, ellip-
tic-spatulate or narrowly -lanceolate, obtuse or acute, upper ones lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, sessile, middle ones 3'-4' long, erect ; thyrsus
elongated, narrow, 6'-9' long, interrupted; cymes secund, few-many-
flowered; segments of the calyx oval-oblong, acute oracutish, with mem-
branous margins ; tube of the corolla more or less abruptly ampliated
below the middle; anthers glabrous or very minutely puberulent;
sterile filament dilated at the apex, not bearded, (bearded, Benth.) This
species is merged by Dr. Gray into the preceding one, Rev. Pentst.,p. 62,
but it seems to maintain its distinctive characters well. It is extremely
abundant on the plains and at lower elevations in the mountains. Canon
City, Brandegee. Denver, Dr. Smith. Georgetown, B. H. Smith. Colo-
rado Springs, Porter. Monument Park, Canby.
PENTSTEMON AMBIGUUS, Torr. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 64. Glabrous, l-2
high, paniculately branching from a ligneous base ; lower leaves linear,
attenuated at base ; upper ones subulate-filiform or acerose-subulate ;
racemes loosely-flowered ; corolla 5"-8" long, tube 6", often incurved,
scarcely dilated above, with the spreading limb, 6" in diameter ; sterile
filament glabrous. Southeastern Colorado, F. R. Diffenderffer.
PENTSTEMON C^ESPITOSUS, Nutt. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 66. Grayish puberu-
lent, depressed, branching from the base ; branches crowded, short, 2 / -6 /
long, decumbent or ascending, very leafy to the apex ; leaves 3"-12"
long, lanceolate or linear-spatulate, acute or submucronate, veiiiless, en-
tire ; peduncles axillary, short, secund, at length de-curved, spread-
ing, with 2 leafy bracts at the apex and 1-3 flowers ascending on short
pedicels ; sepals linear-lanceolate, rather broader and scarious-marglned
at the base ; corolla 6 /x -9 7/ long, bluish-purple, tubular, somewhat dilated
above and biplicate; limb shortly bilabiate, with nearly equal lobes;
sterile filament long-bearded. Middle elevations. Hall d; Harbour, 393;
Middle Park, Parry. South Park, Porter. Taylor River, Coulter. Canon
City, Brandegee. Canby.
PENTSTEMON ALBIDTJS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 53. Stem puberulent, 6'-9'
high; lower leaves petioled, oblong, obtuse, subentire, upper serrate,
lanceolate, glabrous or puberuleut; thyrsus oblong, subverticillately-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 93
interrupted; cymes subsessile, few-flowered ; segments of tbe calyx lan-
ceolate, pubescent; tube of the corolla widened above, f long, less ven-
tricose than iu P. cristata ; beard of the sterile filament rather short, some-
what interrupted. a Plains; flowers white," Hall & Harbour, 389.
PENTSTEMON CRIST ATUS, Niitt. Gr.Rev. I. c., p. 67. Viscid-pubescent;
lower leaves oblanceolate, petioled, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, sessile,
clasping, entire or denticulate ; panicle strict, with short, appressed,
3-4-flowered peduncles; sepals linear-lanceolate, attenuate, very hirsute;
corolla 1' long, violet, broadly funnel-form above the calyx, somewhat
bilabiate, the lower lips and sterile filament strongly bearded with long
hairs ; anthers glabrous, expanding. Canon City, Brandegee. Pueblo,
Greene. The specimens differ from the typical form in having much
narrower, sometimes almost linear leaves.
PENTSTEMON PUBESCENS, Soland., var. GRACILIS, Gr. (P. gracilis,
Xutt.) Gratfs Rev. 1. c., p. 69. Nearly glabrous; cauline leaves and
thyrsus narrowed ; corolla usually more slender, not bearded. Canon
City? Brandegee. Colorado Springs and South Park, Porter. Monument
Park, Coulter.
PENTSTEMON HUMILIS, Nutt. Gr. Rev., 1. c., p. 69. Glabrous below
and somewhat glaucous, minutely viscid-pubescent above, 3'-10' high ;
lower leaves spatulate or oblauceolate, the upper oblong or linear-
oblong, sessile and clasping; all acute or acuminate, usually entire,
occasionally somewhat serrulate ; peduncles rather short, appressed,
2-8-tiowered; sepals ovate-lanceoate, with usually a slender herbaceous
recurved acuminatiou ; corol las 4"-8" long, deep blue, dilating upwards,
somewhat bilabiate, throat open and without folds; anthers glabrous,
expanding; sterile filament yellow-bearded. "Low mountains; an early
species," Hall & Harbour, 387. Plains of the Platte, Dr. Smith. Clear
Creek Canon, Coulter. Canon City, Brandegee.
PENTSTEMON GLATJCUS, Grah. Gr. Rev., 1. c., p. 70. Glabrous except
the viscid-pubescent inflorescence, -lJ high; leaves subglaucous,
denticulate or entire ; radical ones subovate, petioled, the. upper oblong-
lanceolate, dilated and clasping at the base; thyrse subcompact ; sepals
ovate-lanceolate; corolla I' long, widely and abruptly ventricose above
the base, the throat open and without folds, the lower lip slightly
longer and sparingly villous with long hairs, violet or lilac color ; anthers
glabrous and expanding ; sterile filament yellow-bearded.
Yar. STENOSEPALTJS, Gr. Sepals lanceolate with a long slender acu-
inination; thyrse short. Hall & Harbour, 399. Sangre de Cristo Pass,
Brandegee. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
PENTSTEMON HALLII, Gr. Gr. Rev., I. c., p 7C. Stems numerous from
a creeping root-stock, 3'-5' high, glabrous except the inflorescence which
under the microscope is very minutely glandulose; leaves very enure,
pale, glaucous, linear-spatulate or linear, radical and lower cauline ones
attenuated at the base, l'-2' long, including the petiole, lJ"-4" wide;
thyrse or simple raceme 4-10-flowered ; pedicels short; sepals ovate or
oblong, with broad, often erose, scarious margins; corolla 7 // -9 // long, in-
flated, ventricose-campanulate from a very short base, bluish-purple,
lips short, about equal in length, upper one almost 2-lobed to the middle,
lower 3-lobed, glabrous within ; beard of the sterile filament short.
Hall & Harbour, 388. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Horse Shoe
Mountain, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter. Gray's Peak, Redfield.
PENTSTEMON HARBOURII, Gr. Gr. Rev., I. c., p. 71. Stems many from
a slender, creeping root-stock, low, 2'-4' long, pruiuose-puberuleut even
94 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
to the top, leafy; leaves uniform, almost glabrous, thickish, obovate or
oblong, very obtuse, very entire or repand; pedicels short, alternate,
viscous-pubescent, as well as the calyx ; sepals ovate, shortly acuminate
or broadly lanceolate, margins not scarious; corolla purple, 1"-$" long;
tube cyliudraceous, limb shortly 2-lipped, upper lip deeply 2-lobed,
lower lip deeply 3-lobed, with a hispid beard in the throat; sterile fila-
ment dilated at the apex and bearded downwards; capsule scarce ex-
ceeding the calyx. " Mount Breckenridge on Blue River, west of the
main range, in the high alpine region near perpetual snow," Hall c(-
Harbour, 396. Brandegee.
PENTSTEMOK CONFEKTUS, Dougl. Or. Rev., 1. c., p. 72. Very glabrous,
erect, 1-1J high; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, petioled, the upper
sessile and lanceolate or somewhat ovate, all entire; flowers densely
clustered in an interrupted spike, the upper cymes nearly sessile,
crowded, often reflexed; sepals broadly lanceolate or ovate, margins
white-scarious or erose-dentate or laciniate, acute or produced into a
long green acumination ; corolla 5"-$" long, sulphur-yellow, narrow,
somewhat bilabiate ; sterile filament bearded.
Var. O^ERULEO-PURPUREUS, Gr. Stems 6'-2 high; corolla deep
bluish-purple. Hall & Harbour, 391. Twin Lakes, Porter. Brandegee;
B. H. Smith. Abundant throughout the mountains in damp places.
Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
CmoNOPHiLA 1 JAMESTI, Beuth. Low, glabrous, from a thick root-stock ;
stem scape-form, 1/-4' bigh, with a pair of leaves above the middle,
terminated by a crowded spike of flowers; radical leaves tapering into
the expanded membranaceous, hyaline bases, spatulate or oblong-linear,
obtuse, very entire, thickish ; dowers u-4, crowded ; bracts opposite
ovate, connate at base, obtuse or acute, unequal, flower in the axil of
the larger one which nearly equals its tube ; flowers yellowish, on very
short pedicels; calyx 4^"-^" long, companulate, teeth broad, obtuse;
corolla a little longer, lower lip densely tomentose within. Plant dries
black. Hall & Harbour, 397. "High alpine, Pike's Peak, 7 ' Meehav.
Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
MIMULUS LUTEUS, L. DC. Prod. 10, p. 370. Smooth orviscid-puberu-
lent, ascending or erect, 2 / -4 high ; leaves numerous, erose-dentate or
denticulate, orbiculate, ovate, or suboblong, the lower loug-petioled and
often sublyrate, the upper sessile or cordate-amplexicaul, about 7-iierved,
shorter than the peduncles; calyx ovate, becoming inflated in fruit,
with ovate teeth, the upper one largest; tube of the dilated yellow
corolla twice longer than the calyx, the lower lip bearded. Very com-
mon in damp spots at middle elevations. _ffM & Harbour, 398 ; Bran-
degee j Porter Coulter.
MIMULUS JAMESII, Torr., var. FREMONTII, Benth. Pedicel slender,
longer than the leaf; flowers smaller. Hall & Harbour, 399. Cherry
Creek, near Denver, Dr. Smith.
MIMULUS FLORIBUNDUS, Gr. DC. Prod. 10, p. 372. Viscidly-pilose;
stem slender, 2 / -18 / long, diffusely branching at the base, ascending-
leaves petioled, 3'-18' long, ovate, dentate, or denticulate, lower sub-
cordate, somewhat pinnately 5-7 nerved ; peduncles axillary to nearly
1 CHIONOPHILA, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10, p. 1, 331. Calyx large, membranous, 4-5 toothed,
the fifth tooth smaller. Tube of the corolla scarcely exsert ; lips short, broad, upper one
emarginate, somewhat concave, lower spreading, short-tritid. Fertile stamens 4,
declined at base, at length ascending ; anthers glabrous ; cells confluent ; filament of
the fifth stamen, sterile, scarcely shorter than the others. Apex of the style slightly
stigmatose. Ovaries numerous in each cell.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 95
every leaf, solitary, slender, mostly longer than the leaves; aclyx ovate,
5-angled, with very short, subequal teeth, becoming much dilated ; cor-
olla yellow, 3"-4'Mong, twice longer than the calyx. Hall & Harbour,
400. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Grand Canon of the Arkansas, Brande-
yee.
MnirLUS RUBELLUS, Gr. Bot. Mex. Bound., p. 116. Annual, dwarf, '-3'
high, glabrous or viscid-puberulent ; stem erect, simple or much branched ;
leaves 2 // -6 // long, obovate or spatulate, narrowly oblong or lanceolate
or linear, 3-5 nerved, mostly entire, sessile and narrowed at base or
the lower short-petioled, about equaling the peduncles; calyx oblong.
l"-2" long, becoming somewhat dilated, the mouth squarely truncate,
with short equal teeth; corolla yellow, red or purple, small and scarcely
exserted or 2-3 times longer than the calyx and the dilated limb. " Sub-
alpine; scarce." Hall & Harbour, 401.
GRATIOLA VIRGINIANA, L. Platte Eiver, Coulter.
LIMOSELLA AQUATICA, L. u Low mountains," Rail & Harbour, 80;
Bra n degee ; Canby.
SYNTH YRIS PLANT AGUNEA, Benth. DC. Prod., 10, p. 455. Woolly-pu-
bescent, becoming smooth ; radical leaves oblong, crenate, thick, coria-
ceous, 3 / -6 / long, 2'-3' broad, abruptly narrowed at base and somewhat
decurrent on the petiole ; petioles '2'-3' long, somewhat pilose on the
veins and ribs ; scape G'-IU' high, furnished with numerous oblong or
orbicular, nearly sessile bracts; flowers in a long, dense spike, in fruit
6' in length ; fruit scarcely exceeding the round, ovate, persistent bracts.
Hall ib Harbour, 405; Canby. Chiaun Canon, IJte Pass, and South Park,
Porter. Este's Park, Coulter. At lower elevations.
SYNTHYRIS ALPINA, Gr. Sill. Jour., (N. S.,) 33, p. 125. Somewhat
woolly, becoming smooth; radical leaves elliptic or oval, sometimes
subcordate, closely crenate, l'-2', on slender petioles; scape 2 / -6 / high,
leafy-bracted; spike short, dense, in flower 9 // -12 // long ; sepals lanceo-
late, villous on the outside toward the edge with long hairs as well as the
bracts ; corolla 2-parted, upper lip very broad, erose, lower much
smaller, 2-3-parted, lobes narrow, purplish-blue ; stigma capitate ; sta-
mens exsert. High alpine. Parry, 255. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith; Mee-
han. Chicago Lakes, at 13,000 feet attitude, C0*tor. Redjield.
VERONICA AMERICANA, Schwein. Hall & Harbou r, 408 ; Dr. Smith;
Porter ; Meehan; Coulter.
VERONICA ALPINA, L. Hall < Harbour, 407 ; Meehan ; Brandegee.
Mount Lincoln, at 14,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA, L. Hall tf* Harbour, 406 ; Meehan. Clear
Creek Canon, at 9,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
VERONICA PEREGRINA, 'L. Monument Park, Coulter.
GERARDIA TENUIFOLIA, Vahl. Branches slender, erect, strict,
crowded. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith. Clear Creek, below Golden City,
Greene.
CASTILLEIA LINARI^EFOLIA, Benth. DC. Prod., 10, p. 532. Gray's Rev.
Sill. Jour., (N. S.,) 34, p. 335. Very glabrous, smooth or loosely woolly-pu-
bescent above; stems 2-4 high from a woody base, simple or branched,
somewhat glaucous, shining, rarely pubescent throughout; leaves 1' 3'
long, occasionally 3" -A" broad, 1 -nerved or more or less 3-nerved at
base, linear, entire or often 3-cleft or parted, narrowed at base, floral
ones scarlet-colored and acute ; spike interrupted ; flowers sessile or on
short peduncles; calyx incurved, J'-l 7 long, deeply cleft anteriorly, sub-
96 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ulately 4-toothed at the apex, mostly exceeding the bracts, colored;
corolla 1/-2' long, nearly glabrous, bright scarlet; lobes of the lower lip
linear-subulate, the yellow galea usually I' or more in length or some-
times scarcely exsert. Canon City, Brandegee. Twin Lakes, Porter and
Coulter. Sangre de Cristo Range, Redfield.
CASTILLEIA BREVIFLORA, Gray (non Benth.) Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 238.
(Etiahromfi breviflora, Nntt.) Low, subvillous or subcinereous, 3'-6' high,
branched from the base ; leaves mostly 3-5 cleft with linear lobes, the
floral ones not dilated or colored ; spikes dense, scarcely I' long in flow-
er; calyx equally cleft or moderately cleft in front, segments deeply
bind, obovoid-oblong, lobes lanceolate ; tube of the yellow corolla nearly
included, lower lip tri-saccate, cariuate, shortly 3-cleft, lobes oblong, ob-
tuse. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 409 ; Parry, 1872. Gray's Peak, Dr.
Smith.
CASTILLEIA PARVIFLORA, Bong. Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 336. Perennial,
pilose pubescent and hirsute throughout, scarcely hispid ; stems 3 / -20 /
high, usually numerous, simple or branched ; the lower leaves usually
entire and linear, upper ones 3-cleft or laciniately -pinnate, the floral ones
more or less dilated and nearly always colored, color deep red, flesh-
color, yellow, or rarely green ; calyx deeply cleft both above and below ;
the segments either eniarginately 2-lobed or deeply bifid ; lip of the
corolla very short, galea scarcely exceeding the calyx or exserted, 5"-6"
long. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. North Park, Hayden.
CASTILLEIA INTEGRA, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 338. Loosely tomentose;
stems numerous from one root, erect, 6'-15' high, usually branched
above ; leaves linear or lance-linear, all very entire, l%'-2' in length,
whi rish-tomentose, widely spreading, the floral ones somewhat lobed,
rarely tritid, much enlarged and bright scarlet above; flowers 1 7 long;
segments of the calyx mostly bind; galea exserted. The. most abund-
ant species on the plains and. in the mountains as far west as the Snowy
Range. Hall & Harbour, 410. Denver, Dr. Smith. Clear Creek Cafion,
Pleasant Park, and Monument Park, Coulter. Colorado Springs and
Twin Lakes, Porter.
CASTILLEIA PALLID A, Kunth. Gr. Rev. c., p. 337. Subalpine. Canon
City, Brandegee. Clear Creek Canon and Weston's Pass, Coulter. Hall&
Harbour, 412.
Var. MINIATA, Gr. Rev. 1. c., p. 337. (C. miniata, Dougl.) Greener, gla-
brous below, taller, l-2 high ; floral leaves dull red ; galea usually
much exserted. Hall & Harbour, 411. The most common form at mid-
dle elevations. Canon City, Brandegee. Gumiison River, East River,
Sierra Madre Range, and South Park, Coulter. Meehan. North Park,
Hu/den. Denver, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith. Canby. Ute Pass and Twin
Lakes, Porter.
Var. ALPINA, Porter. Woolly- pubescent, 2' high, few-flowered ; flow-
ers almost concealed in the broad uucolored floral leaves. High alpine.
Summit of Pike's Peak, Porter. Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude,
Co utter.
ORTHOCARPUS 1 LUTEUS, Nutt. DC. Prod., 10, p. 536. Stem hard, his-
1 ORTHOCARPUS, Nutt. Calyx tubular-campanulate, membranous at base, usually
sub-equ.illy 4-cleft or 4-toothed. Corolla-tube sleuder ; galea erect, entire, channeled,
the margin inflexed ; lower lip shorter, 3-plicate or 3-saccate, sub-entire at the apex or
with three erect teeth. Stamens with one anther-cell fixed by the middle, the other
pendulous, smaller or wanting. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds usually numerous and
small, with a loose, reticulated or pitted testa, the radicle usually pointing toward
the hiluui.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 97
pid, erect, 2'-15' high, simple or branched above, branches strict: leaves
linear-lanceolate, entire or trifid ; spike elongated, leafy, somewhat in-
terrupted : bracts oblong or ovate, entire or 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed, seg-
ments acute or acutish ; calyx 3"-4" long with short lanceolate, acute
teeth a little shorter than the tube ; corolla yellow, pubescent, 6" long,
little exceeding the bracts ; capsule 3" long, obtuse, many-seeded ; seeds
small. Hall & Harbour, 413. Canon City, Brandegee. South Park,
Porter. Xortli Park, Hay den. Canby. Taylor liiver, Coulter.
BHIXANTHUS CRIST A-GALLI, L. Hall & Harbour, 422. Hooves.
PEDICULARIS CANADENSIS, L. "In the mountains at middle eleva-
tions, 17 Hall ct- Harbour, 416. South Park, Porter. Platte Kiver, Coulter.
Wet Mountain Valley, Red-field.
PEDICULARIS GR<EXLAXDiCA,Retz. DC. Prod., 10, p. 566. Erect, l-2o
high, glabrous ; stem simple, leafy ; leaves pinnateiy-parted, segments
lanceolate-linear, serrate; spikes elongated, 3'-S' long, many -flowered;
calyx 2"-3" long, tubular, 5-toothed, the upper tooth smallest, the
lateral ones with very shallow sinuses ; galea of the reddish corolla
arched, exceeding the calyx, produced into an elongated, subulate beak,
twice longer than the calyx, nearly straight or more usually becoming
strongly recurved upward and almost circulate. Hall & Harbour. 419 ;
Parry ; ('unity. Georgetown. Dr. HmitJt. Canon City, Brandegee. Mount
Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude. Coulter.
PEDICULARIS BRACTEOSA, Benth. DC. Prod., 10, p. 574. Glabrous or
scantily pilose upon the spike; stem erect, l-2 high, leafy; leaves
pinnately-parted, segments lanceolate, incisely-dentate or piuuatifid;
spike pedunculate, elongated, 2 / -8 / long, densely flowered ; the bracts
ovate, acuminate and somewhat membranous ; calyx-lobes lanceolate,
setaceous ; galea of the yellow corolla slightly incurved, not beaked,
hooded at the apex and. terminating in an obtuse, somewhat 2- toothed
projection ; lip much shorter. Hall t(- Harbour, 417; Parry.
PEDICULARIS RACEMOSA, Dougl. DC. Prod.. 10, p. 580. Glabrous:
steins numerous, simple or occasionally branched above, ascending, 1-
2 high, leafy ; leaves short-petioled, iy-4/ long, narrowly lanceolate,
doubly serrate with minute teeth; flowers axillary, in a loose, leafy ra-
ceme ; calyx cleft above, 2-toothed ; galea of the ochroleucous corolla
arched, beak long, subulate, incurved. " Subalpine ; common in pine
woods." Hall d- Harbour, 414 ; Parry. Mount La Plata, at 11.000 feet
altitude, and Horse Shoe Mountain, Coulter.
PEDICULARIS CRENULATA, Bentli. DC. Prod., 10, p. 568. Pubescent ;
stems erect, simple 6 / -12 / high ; leaves all linear-oblong, obtuse, doubly
crenate, 9"-15" long; spikes short, densely flowered; calyx cleft on the
upper side, minutely 2-3- toothed; galea hooded, subincurved, 2-toothed
under the apex. Ute Pass, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Canby .
Horse Shoe Mountain at 11.000 feet altitude, Coulter. South Park,#7?
<( Harbour, 415.
PEDICULARIS PARRYI, Gr. Kill. Jour. (X. &) 3:5, p. 250. Very smooth
except the ciliated bracts; stem 6'-l higlj, more or less bracted: leaves
linear-lanceolate, pectinate-piunatind, petioled, cauline ones small,
segments linear, acute, about 3" long, cartilaginous-serrate; bracts small,
trifid; flowers numerous, short-pedicelled, somewhat crowded in a
narrow spike, l'-2' long, of a dirty or faded yellow; calyx rneuibrana-
ceous, marked with 5-strije, at length subinflated, teeth 5, short, lance-
olate, very entire, lanulose within ; galea narrow, apex incurved, gradually
produced into a longish, emarginate beak which is somewhat decurved.
7 F c
98 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
much surpassing the lower lip ; filaments very smooth. Hall d- Harbour,
420; Parry, 251. Canon City, Brandegee. Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet
altitude, and Western's Pass, Coulter.
PEDICULARIS SUDETICA, Willd. DC. Prod., 10, p. 508. Erect, simple,
8'-12' high, glabrous except the spike; lower leaves pinnately-parted,
narrowly lanceolate in outline; segments lanceolate, subincised-serrate
and creiiate, upper ones pinnatitid; spike short, densely hirsute-woolly;
calyx 5-toothed, teeth entire or the lateral denticulate; galea of the red-
dish-purple corolla arcuate, scarcely hooded, shortly and broadly subros-
trate, 2-toothed under the apex.
Var. Differs from the typical form in the smoother spikes and the lack
of teeth on the tip of the galea. Hall & Harbour, 421 ; Parry, 253. South
Park and Mount Lincoln, Coulter.
PEDICULARIS PROCERA, Gr. Stem l^-3 high, stout leafy, bearing
above a dense-flowered, softly pubescent spike 9'-18' long; leaves glab-
rous, pinnately-parted, segments lanceolate, laciniate-pinnatifid, lobes
serrate or incised, radical ones 1-1J long; bracts elongated, linear
.from an ovate-lanceolate base, lower ones pectinate-piunatitid, exceed-
ing the flowers; calyx about equally 5-cleft, lobes lanceolate, entire,
about half shorter than the tube; corolla 1' or' more long, striate, dirty
green; galea hoodedatthe apex, not beaked, truncate, 2-toothed, scarcely
equaling the shortly 3-lobed, somewhat spreading lip. Hall d Harbour,
418; Parry, 252; Brandegee. Weston's Pass, Coulter.
VERBENA HAST AT A, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
VERBENA BRACTEOSA, MX. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Colorado
Springs, Porter.
VERBENA AUBLETIA, L. Plains near Denver and Saint Vrain Kiver,
Coulter.
VERBENA STRICTA, Vent. Common on the Arkansas at Pueblo,
Greene.
LIPPIA LANCEOLATA, MX. Purgatory River, 7>r. Bell. Eastern Colo-
rado, Porter.
JLABIAT.E.
TEUCRIUM CANADENSE, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
TEUCRIUM LACINIATUM, Ton. Ann. N. Y. Lye., 2, p. 231. Perennial;
stern suffrutescent, branched, smooth; leaves opposite, lower ones pin-
nately 5-parted, sessile, segments linear, rather obtuse, nearly smooth,
minutely reticulate, upper ones trifid, cuneate at base; flowers axillary,
solitary, on pedicels about 2" long, large in proportion to the plant ;
calyx subcampanulate, 5-cleft, smooth; segments lanceolate, acute, low-
est one 2-cleftor 3-toothed; stamens exserted, anthers roundish; nutlets
destitute of longitudinal, thickened ribs. Afterward referred by Dr.
Torrey to T. Cubense, L., from which it is shown by Dr. Gray to be
clearly distinct. Proe. Amer. Acad., May, 1872, 8, p. 372. Pueblo County,
1873, Greene.
MENTIIA CANADENSIS, L., var. GLABRATA, Benth. Near Denver, Dr.
Smith. Hall & Harbour, 425. Mountains west of Denver, Porter and
Coulter.
LYCOPUS SINITATUS, Ell. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad., Dec. 1870, 8, p. 280.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 99
/,. Kuro/Mt'nx, L., vsuc.xiiUiatuft, (Jr. Manual, p. 346.) Canon City, If ran-
de(/ee.
PYCNANTHEMUM: LANCEOLATOi, Pursh. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith.
C-ALAMrxTHA CLIXOPODIU:M:, Benth. Sierra Madre Range, at 10,000
feet altitude, Coulter.
HEDEOIMA IIISPIDA, Pursh. Hall & Harbour, 423. (H. hirta, Xutt.)
HEDEOMA DRU^IMOXDII, Benth. DC. Prod., 12, 245. Gray in Proc. Am.
Acad.i May, 1872, 8, p. 367. An nual,cinereous-puberulent or pubescent,
4'-6' high, branched from the base; leaves oval, oblong, or the upper
ones linear, obtuse, very entire, sessile or narrowed at the base into a
petiole; whorls few- flowered; calyx ovate, tubular, hispid, scarcely 2-
lipped. teeth all subulate-setaceous, conuiveut, erect after flowering and
more or less curved upward, lower ones twice longer than the upper,
more or less shorter than the corolla. Hall & Harbour, 424. Purgatory
Kiver, Dr. Bell. Median.
HEDEOMA PIPERITA, Benth. Gray, I. c.,- p. 306. Cinereous-pubescent
or puberulent; leaves ovate, obtuse, usually rounded at the base,
uppermost floral ones sometimes oblong, petiolate; whorls loose, few-
many-flowered ; calyx oblong- tubular, gibbous, hirsute, 2-lipped, upper
lip spreading, with subulate teeth, the lower with longer, more setaceous
erect teeth, about equaling the corolla. Bluffs of the Arkansas near
Pueblo, 1873, Greene.
SAL VIA LANCEOLATA, Willd. (V. trichostemmoidcs, Pursh.) Canescently
pubescent; stems 3' -15' high, herbaceous, ascending, branched; leaves
lanceolate or oblong-linear, l'-2' long, rather obtuse or acuminate, nar-
rowed at the base into a long slender petiole, sparsely and obtusely ser-
rulate in the middle; bracts subulate, a little longer than the short
pedicels; raceme simple. 2 / -4 / long, whorls about 2-flowered, all remote;
calyx tubular, striate, puberulent, enlarged in fruit, inflated at the base,
teeth acute; corolla blue, a little longer than the calyx, and with it 4"
long; style short-bearded. Hall cO Harbour, 426. Nar Denver, 7>r.
Smith. Plains around Colorado Springs, Porter; Median.
SALVIA PITCHERI, Torr. DC. Prod, 12, p. 302. Tomentose-pubesceut
or canescent: stem herbaceous, lj-2 high, erect, simple or branching
above; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ~or linear, acute, subserrate, narrowed
at the base, but scarcely petioled, somewhat tomentose beneath, smoother
above; raceme simple, elongated, (6') whorls distant, 6-15-flowered;
bracts lance-linear, much longer than the pedicels and often equaling the
calyx; calyx subsessile, tubular, striate, villose, teeth 3, broad, obtuse ;
corolla twice or more longer than the calyx, pubescent on the outside ;
style bearded. HaU d' Harbour, 427. Eastern Colorado, Porter; Dr.
Smith.
MONARDA ARiSTATA,Xutt. DC. Prod., 12, p. 363. Canescent, lhigh,
with numerous spreading branches; leaves linear or oblong-lanceolate,
narrowed at the base, sharply and remotely serrate, floral ones and outer
bracts sessile, somewhat colored, tipped with a long subulate awn ;
whorls many-flowered, compact, remote ; calyx striate. pubescent, beard-
ed in the throat, teeth nearly equal, long, subulate, pilose, penicillate at
the apex; tube of the corolla scarcely longer than the calyx-teeth.
Plains and base of the foot-hills, HaU& Harbour, 428. Colorado^Springs,
Porter. Near Denver, /?. H. Smith. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Wet
Mountain Valley, Red field.
MONARDA FISTULOSA,L. Very common along streams on the plains
100 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
aud extending into the mountains. Colorado Springs and Denver, /'or
ter. Canon City, Brandegee. B. H. Smith; Dr. Smith.
MONARDA PUNCTATA, L. Foot-hills west of Denver, Dr. Smith.
MONARDELLA 1 ODORATISSIMA, Beutll. DC. Prod., V2, p. 190. Stems
numerous, from a woody base, procumbent, O'-IO' high ; leaves subses-
sile, oblong-lanceolate, G"-12" long, very entire, or with a few denticu-
lations, acute at each end; hoary, or at length becoming green; heads
of flowers 9" -12" in diameter; outer bracts broadly ovate, very obtuse,
colored, equaling the elongated tubular calyces; lobes of the rose-col-
ored corolla oblong-linear, 3" long; calyx-teeth and margins of the bracts
softly villose. Gothic Mountain, August, Coulter.
LOPIIANTIIUS URTiCvEFOLius, Bentb. DC. Prod., 12, p. 368. Gla-
brous, erect, i,-4 high ; leaves cordate-ovate, creuate or serrate, green
upon both sides, obtuse or the uppermost acute, the floral ones sessile,
ovate and acute; bracts few, lanceolate or lance-linear, shorter than
the calyx; spikes dense, oblong, 2 / -4 / long ; calyx 2 // -G // long, incurved,
glabrous or puberulent, the throat oblique, the membranous teeth
colored, long-subulate-acuminate, the upper ones longest : corolla pur-
ple, short-exserted, the throat slightly inflated and limb short; stamens
much exserted. Sierra Madre liange, Coulter.
LopHAjrmrs AMSVTUS, Benth. Hull iC* Harbour, 42;). [Mains near
Denver, Coulter.
DRACOCEPHALUM PARVIFLORUM, Benth. Rail ti; Harbour, 4:>o. Twin
Lakes, Coulter. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Georgetown, I>r. Smith.
Canon of the Arkansas, Redfield.
BRUNELLA VULGAKLS, L. Canon City, Brandegee; Redfield.
SCUTELLARIA RESixosA, Torr. DC. Prod., 12, p. 427. Minutely glandu-
lar pubescent or puberulent, much branched from the base, 2 / -12 / high ;
leaves J'-l' long, short-petioled, broadly ovate, obtuse, entire or eremite,
rounded or cuneate at base, floral ones similar; flowers axillary, oppo-
site, secund, very variable in size; corolla blue, 2 // -l / long, densely vil-
lous, attenuate at base, usually more than four times longer than the
herbaceous calyx. Hall cf* Harbour, 431. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
South Park, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Bear Creek, Clear Creek
and Saint Train River, Coulter*.
SCUTELLARIA G-ALERICULATA, L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon
City, Brandegee. Hall & Harbour, 432.
STACHYS PALUSTRLS; L., var. COEDATA Gr. (S. cordata.Iii&d.) Near
Denver, Dr. Smith. Cafioo City, Brandegee. Meehan. Near Colorado
Springs, Porter. Plains of the Platte, Coulter ; Redfield.
ONOSMODIUM CAROLINIANUM, DC. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon
City, Brandegee. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, MX. (Including L. longiflorum,
Spreng.) The latter, according to M. E. Bebb, Am. Nat. 7, p. 691, is only
A, Benth. Calyx tubular, often elongated, 10-13-nerved, 5-toothed ;
teeth short, nearly equal, straight, throat naked within ; corolla-tube equaling the
calyx or slightly exserted, the throat glabrous within; somewhat bilabiate, the upper
lip 2-cleft, the lower 3-cleft, and the lobes all oblong or linear, flat and nearly equal.
Stamens 4, somewhat equal, or the lower ones longer, straight, divergent, and exserted.
Anthers with two parallel cells, becoming divergent or divaricate. Styles very shortly
2-cleft. Nutlets drv.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA X^C^LQ&^OO. -. - -Vl 01
the spring-state of the former with larger flowers and greatly elongated
corolla tubes. Caiioii City, Brandegee. Meehan. Clear Creek. Coulter.
LiTHOSPKR3iTDi HiRTUM, Lehm. Xear Denver, Dr Smith.
LITHOSPERMUM piLOSUM, Xutt. Watson in King" >t Rep., vol. 5,
p. 238. Stems slender, branched, 1-1J high, strict, numerous from
a perennial root, hirsute, silicate; leaves broadly linear or linear-oblong,
l'-2' long, sub-acute, sessile, strigose and somewhat hispid; spikes very
leafy, elongated in fruit; flowers nearly sessile, yellow, <3" long, tube
much exceeding the linear sepals; calyx 5-parted, hirsute, lobes un-
equal. linear: nutlets \V long, smooth and shining. Hall tl* Harbour,
441. Parry. 21)5. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith. -Bear Creek,
Pleasant Park, and Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
MERTENSIA. PAXICVLATA, Don. Canon City, Brandegee; Parry.
MERTEXSIA SIBIRICA, Don. Gr. Eei'.llert. Sill. Jour., (X. & J34, p. 340.
Glaucescent, glabrous or subpubeseeut, 1-5 G high; cauliiie leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or often oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
mostly sessile or very short petioled ; calyx 5-parted, the lobes oblong or
oblong-linear, ciliate, obtuse, 2-4 times shorter than the corolla-tube,
Avhich is sparingly hairy or nearly glabrous within ; corolla 4"-6" in
length, limb 5-cleft, more than half longer than the tube ; filaments di-
lated, shorter than the anthers. Hall i(- Harbour, 442. Chicago Lakes,
at 11.000 feet altitude. Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Twin
Lakes, Porter. J>r Smith. Banks of mountain-streams ; variable.
MERTEXSIA ALPIXA, Don. </>. Rev. 1. c., p. 340. Glabrous or hirsute,
6//_12/' high : leaves spatulate-oblong, lanceolate or the uppermost oblong-
ovate. rather small and mostly acute ; calyx-segments ovate or oblong-
lanceolate and obtusish or linear-lanceolate and acute, ciliate, a little
shorter than the corolla-tube which equals the limb and is usually hairy
within: anthers inserted in the throat. Common on the plains and in the
mountains, and very variable. Hall cO Harbour, 444 and 445. Colorado
Springs and South Park, Porter. Canon City and AVet Mountain Valley,
Brandegee. Near Denver, Dr. Smith and B. H. Smith. Canbu. Horse
Shoe Mountain, at 11,000 feet altitude. Gray's Peak, at 12,000 feet,
Mount Lincoln, at lo.OOO feet, and Clear Creek Canon, at 0.000 feet,
Coulter.
MBRTEXSIA BREVISTYLA, Watson. Kimj* Rep., vol. 5, p. 239. t.
23. Low, 4 / -10 / high, pubescent with short, appressed. rigid hairs, the
lower surface of the leaves excepted; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate
or oblanceolate, very obtuse; flowers in a loose panicle; calyx deeply 5-
cleft or 5-parted, very hirsute, lobes oblong or ovate-lanceolate, usually
acute ; corolla-tube short, but little exceeding the calyx and rarely as
long as the deep blue limb; anthers inserted near the base of the tube
and included within it; style very short. Hall i(- Harbour, 443.
ERiTRicimni 1 YILLOSOI, DC. Prodr.. 10, p. 126. Stems 3 f -V high,
M, Schr;i(l. Calyx 5-parttMl. Corolla salvcrform, the throat closed l>y
small obtuse scales. Stamens and style included. Nutlets 4. attached laterally, (usii-
ally near the base) the surface of insertion very narrow, imperforate at base, ilat (or
convex) anteriorly, the angles smooth or rarely creuate. Mostly annual, with entire
Ami commonly alternate leaves, the usually very small blue or white flowers in lateral
or axillary spieate racemes. DiHering- from 3yo9oti in the quiucuncial aestivation
of the corolla and the more or less lateral insertion of the nutlets, which are also usu-
ally rngo.se or granulate upon the back, and from EcJiinnapennnm in the attachment of
the nutlets (in most cases) not extending above the middle of the style, the nutlets not
dilated below, prickles rare and not barbed, and the attachment (if the seed ventral
and not at the apex. ])<'. Prodr.
FLORA OF COLORADO.
loosely branched from the base and caespitose, rooting below, the flower-
ing shoots elongated, leafy, erect, pubescent; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute, sparingly villous with long silky hairs; racemes in pairs, erect,
several-flowered, bracteate at base; nutlets with indexed, ciliate teeth
on the margins.
Var. ARETIOLDES, Hook. Densely c;espitose, 3" -2' high, covered with
soft silky hairs; leaves densely imbricated below, elliptical-lanceolate,
acute; racemes few-flowered, short-exserted ; tube of the corolla scarcely
exceeding the calyx, limb bright blue, l"-3" in diameter; nutlets nearly
V in length, concave on the back, the toothed margin conspicuous.
High alpine. Hall & Harbour, 440; Parry, 278. James' Peak, at 12,000
feet altitude, Chicago Lakes, at 13,000 feet, and Mount Lincoln, at 14,000
feet, Coulter. Saugre de Cristo Pass, Hrandegee. Median. Gray's Peak,
at 12-13,000 feet altitude, RedfieM.
ERITRICHIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Ton-., Pacif. E. R. #wr., 5, p. 363.
Annual, very hispid, with spreading hairs; stem 3'-! high, suberect,
widely branched; leaves linear; racemes terminating the branches,
usually forked and at length elongated; flowers sessile, bractless; calyx
2^-3" long in fruit, very hispid with yellowish hairs, lobes lanceolate-
linear ; corolla white, C^-12 77 long, falling early ; stamens inserted near
the base on very short filaments; nutlets 1-4, oblong, acute, V long,
convex and minutely papillose on the back, attached to the style to the
middle by a ventral groove. Near Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
ERITRICHIUM CRASSISEPALUM, T. & G. Pacif. R. R. Sum\, 2, p. 171.
Annual, very hispid, with spreading hairs; stem much branched from
the base, branches ascending, 3'-o' high; leaves obovate-lauceolate,
rather obtuse; racemes bracteate except the upper portion; fructiferous
calyx ventricose at base, closed and contracted above the middle, the
segments thickened and indurated on the back, finely pilose on the mar-
gins, with large, strong, hispid hairs on the back ; nutlets heteromor-
phous, ovate, convex on the back, 3 of them muriculate-granulate, the
4th larger and nearly or quite glabrous. Hall & Harbour. 434. Denver
and Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Brandegce.
ERITRICHIUM GLOMERATUM, DC., Prod. 10, p. 131. Perennial or bien-
nial; stem simple, erect, 6'-lS' high, usually solitary and rather stout
and rigid, very hirsute with spreading hairs, leafy especially at base :
leaves 2'-4' long, alternate, oblong or linear-spatulate or ol lanceolate,
sub acute, hirsute and usually more or less appressed, pubescent ; spike-
lets 5-9 flowered, lateral axillary, clustered, more or less peduncled, and
usually bifurcated, and the upper ones sessile ; flowers 2 // -4 // long,
nearly sessile ; calyx very hispid, 5-parted, the linear-lanceolate lobes
equaling the corolla-tube, much enlarged in fruit; limb of the white co-
rolla broad and expanded, truncated scales of the throat conspicuous ;
nutlets large, 1J" long, ovate and narrowed above, but obtuse, more or
less rugose and tuberculated on the back, which is surrounded by an
acute, slightly raised margin, sulcate ventrally and attached to the
elongated style to the middle. Hall & Harbour, 438 in part. Colorado
Springs, Porter.
Yar. VIRGATUM, Porter, (E. virgatum, Porter, Haydeti's Rep., 1870, p.
479.) Stout ; stein erect, 2-3 high, very hispid ; inflorescence much
elongated, virgate, spike-like, l-2 in length; cymes many, conglomer-
ated, few-flowered, lower ones short-peduncled, upper ones sessile, very
much shorter than the long, spreading, bracteal leaves, which become
narrowly linear above. This variety is very common on the plains at
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 103
tlie base of the mountains and among the foot-hills. Colorado Springs,
Monument Park, and Ute Pass, Porter. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
ERITRICHIIDI JAMESII, Torr., (Jlyosotis suffruticosa, Torr. in Ann.
X. Y. Lye. 2, p. 225.) Hirsute, much branched from a suffruticose base ;
branches G'-IO' high; leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to the base, l'-2'
long; spikes terminal, numerous; flowers on very short pedicels; calyx
campanulate, at first scarcely longer than the tube of the corolla, but in
fruit elongated and closed, segments ovate ; corolla ochroleucous, tube
shorter than the calyx-teeth, spreading limb 2 // -3 // wide, lobes very ob-
tuse; nutlets 4, similar, depressed, conniving at the top, but separated
at the sides, very convex and smooth on the back, shining, edges very-
acute, ventral suture adhering to the style above the middle. Hall &
Harbour, 435. Plains near Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Por-
ter. Canon City, Brandcyce. Meelian. Plains of the Platte. Coulter.
KmixospERMOi DEFLEXUM, Lehm., var., FLORIBUKDUM, Watson. (E.
floribundum, Lehm.) Biennial ; stem erect, 2-4 high, fistulous, branched
villous with spreading hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute r
ciliate at base, hirsute-pubescent ; racemes erect, spreading, bifid, brae-
teolate, with deflexed pedicels ; calyx-lobes ovate, shorter than the bluish
or white corolla; nutlets compressed, with a single marginal row of
barbed prickles which are connate at ba.se, the dorsal surface granulate
or shortly pilose or nearly smooth. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith. Plains of
the Platte, Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Colorado Springs,
Porter. B. H. Smith.
Einirrvi Ki:D;>\vsKii,Leh]ii. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith ; B.H.
Canon City, Bmndegee. Abundant on the plains, Porter;
Coulter.
HELIOTEOPIOI C UK ASS A vie or, L. Hall & Harbour, 192.
HELIOTR OPIUM COXVOLVULACELTI, Gr. Canesceut with appressecl
scabrous pubescence, branching from a suffrutesceiit base, brandies
weak and spreading, G'-9' high ; leaves ovate and lance-ovate, 9"-!'
long, ciliate on the margins, petioles short, about 3" long; flowers
scattered along the leafy branches, short-peduncled ; calyx-lobes subu-
late; corolla salver-form, tube 3"-4" in length, narrow, spreading limb
G"-9" long, somewhat 5-angled, throat naked ; nutlets 4, approximate
in pairs, angled, oblique, hairy, aduate to the style. Hall tl* Harbour,
436.
IIYDROPHYLLACE.E.
HYDUOPHYLLTM VIRGIXICTM, L. Mountains west of Denver, Dr.
Smith. Canon City, Brandegee. ClearCreek Canon at 9.000 feet altitude,
Coulter ; Redfleld.
ELLISIA XYCTELEA, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
PIIACELIA CIRCIXATA, Jacq. DC. Prod. 9, p. 298. Perennial, hispid:
stems erect or ascending, G'-20' high, branching or subsimple ; leaves
petioled, 1/-3' long, simple or pinnate, the 3-5 leaflets distinct or the
uppermost confluent, terminal one much larger, ovate to narrow-lance-
olate, acute, entire, or obscurely serrulate, usually strongly nerved, on
the upper side the appressed strigose hairs between the nerves, on the
lower side chiefly upon the nerves : racemes densely many-flowered,
strongly circmate; calyx-lobes oblong or linear, erect, acute: corolla
blue or nearly white, 2 // -3 // long, somewhat exceeding the calyx ;
stamens exserted : filaments hairy : capsule 2" long, very hispid with
104 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
erect hairs, shorter than the calyx; seeds often solitary, deeply pitted.
Hall <G Harbour, 430. Georgetown, Dr. ftmith. Denver, Porter. Plains
of the Platte, Coulter.
PIIACELIA INTEGKBIFOLIA, Torr. DC. Prod., 9, p. 290. Annual, erect,
'-15' high, branching above and sometimes at the base, viscidly glandu-
lar pubescent ; leaves l'-2' long, varying from oblong to ovate, cordate
or truncate at base, simple or crenately-dentate or donbly serrate, or
sometimes more or less deeply pinnatifid, and the segments often
toothed, the upper at times nearly sessile ; sepals ovate, ciliate-hispid
and glandular ; corolla -segments oblong, the appendages short and en-
circling the base of the filaments; stamens exserted, naked; style
united to the middle; ovary oblong, hairy; capsule globose, minutely
pubescent and glandular, equaling or slightly exceeding the calyx ; seeds
4, minutely warted on the back and transversely ridged on the face.
Southeastern Colorado. F. IL Diffenderffer.
PHACELIA POPEI, Torr. & Gr.Pacif. R. R. Surv. 2, p. 172, t. 10. Vis-
cidly pubescent, hispidulous with spreading hairs; stems 4'-l high,
branching from a biennial root ; leaves bipiimately parted or pinnately
cut, 2 / -4 / long, segments pinnatifid, 3 y/ -10 /7 long, or the lower ones re-
duced in size, lobes 5-9, short, obtuse; spikes corymbose, densely-
flowered ; segments of the calyx spatulate, about half the length of the
white campanulate corolla and a little longer than the globose capsule ;
stamens at length much exserted ; filaments naked ; seeds 4, oval, with
the inner face strongly bilunate, the central keel veiy prominent, pitted,
1J" long. Hall & Harbour, 440. Xear Denver, Coulter. Gray's Peak,
Dr. Smith.
PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA, Benth. DC. Prod. 9,}). 200. Annual, 3'-2-
high, suberect ; branches lax and slender, more or less scabrous-pubes-
cent, or the stem and branches glabrate ; leaves variable, 2 / -6 / long,
1-2-pinnatifid, the 3-7 pairs of segments oblong and incised dentate :
calyx-lobes linear or lanceolate, usually dilated and foliaceous above,
very pilose, especially on the margins ; corolla campanulate, 3" long,
scarcely exceeding the calyx, the appendages small, and encircling the
filaments ; style hairy at base, bifurcate to below the middle ; ovary
hairy, 4-ovuled ; capsule 2" long, ovate, acute, pubescent ; seeds li"
long, pitted. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. South Park, Coulter.
PHACELIA NEO-MEXICANA, Thurber., Bot. Mex. Bound. Surr., p. 143.
Stem. erect, l-2 high, hispidly-pilose and viscidly-pubescent ; leaves
pinnatisect, 3 / -4 / long, thin, the segments rather distant and unequal,
about I' long, incised-dentate, lobes ovate, subdentate, mostly obtuse ;
racemes spike-form, densely- flowered, corymbose ; flowers subsessile :
calyx not enlarged in fruit, lobes oblong f corolla scarce twice longer
than the calyx, small, campauulate, margin minutely erose dentate :
stamens scarcely exserted; filaments smooth ; style cleft to the middle,
hairy beloAv ; capsule globose-ovate, 3" long ; seeds very minutely pitted!
nearly 3" in length. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Garden of the Gods,
Porter.
PIIACELIA SERICEA, Gr. (Eutocasericea, Grah.7>(7. Protf.,9,p. 204.)
Perennial, canescent with a somewhat silky pubescence appressed upon
the leaves; steins G'-2 high, rather stout, simple, terminating in a nar-
row, compound raceme; leaves mostly oblong, 2 / -3 / long, incised-pin-
natifid, segments coarsely cut or entire, petioles hispid-ciliate; racemes
mostly short-peduncled, \-\J long in fruit, forming a compound raceme,
3 / -12 / in length; calyx-lobes linear, exceeding the pedicels, shorter
than the corolla which is 3" long, campanulate, blue or rarely white,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 105
persis.eut, the appendages conspicuous, nearly as long as the tube and
distinct from the filaments; stamens 3 times longer than the corolla, the
anthers small and roundish; style bifid at the apex; capsule pubescent,
ovate-oblong, acute, 3" long, about 16-seeded; seeds pitted. Hall it*
Harbour, 447. Sangre de Cristo Kange, Brandegee. Gray's Peak, Dr.
Smith. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter; Red field.
XAMA 1 DicnoTOMA, Ruiz & Pav. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad., 8, p. 283.
More or less viscously pubescent : corolla not, or but little, surpassing
the leaves ; capsule ovate or short-oblong ; seeds strongly rugose-pitted,
i"-4" long, oval-oblong.
Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Gray. /. c., ]). L'84. Leaves linear-lanceolate. S.
Colorado, Hayden ; Hoopcx.
POL.E3ION1ACE/E.
PHLOX CANESCENfc, T. & G. Or. Rev. Polemon, Proc. Amer. Acacl., Dec.,
1870, v.8, p. 253. Dwarf and matted-erespitose, with a woody, perennial,
much-branched base which is usually covered with the dead leaves of
previous seasons ; the branchlets densely leafy up to the solitary, sessile
flowers, woolly-caneseent; leaves 3"-4" long, evergreen, rigid, subulate,
more or less acerose, scarious-connate at base, usually strongly revolute
on the margin, soon spreading or somewhat squarrose-recurved from the
appressed base; tube of the white corolla exceeding the calyx, the ob-
ovate lobes entire or emargiuate, 3"-4" long; ovules solitary. Canon
City, Brandegee.
PHLOX O^ESPITOSA, Nutt. Or. Rev. I. c., 253. Dwarf, densely or rather
loosely caespitose: leaves rigid, linear-subulate, or oblong-linear, 4"-6"
long, pungent, hispid on the thickened, somewhat revolute margins,
otherwise smooth or sparingly glandular; corolla-tube more or less ex-
ceeding the calyx, lobes obovate, entire, 3" long.
Yar. CONDENSATA, Gr. Densely crespitose, iy~2' high ; leaves short,
2 // -3 // long, very closely crowded, erect, imbricated. Gray's Peak, at
13,000 feet i altitude, Coulter. Hall & Harbour ; Parry.
PHLOX DOUGLASII, Hook. Gr. Rer. I. c., 254. Crespitose, very much
branched, pubescent or smoothish; leaves rather rigid, acerose, usually
spreading, less crowded; margins naked or somewhat hirsute-ciliate at
base; flowers subsessile; corolla purple or white, tube exceeding the
calyx, lobes obovate, entire, 3" long. Hall iO Harbour. 453.
PHLOX LCXNGIFOLIA, Xutt. Gr. Rer. I. c.. 255. Perennial, woody only
at the base, glabrous or pubescent; steins erector ascending; leaves
slightly rigid, not fascicled, linear or very narrowly linear, sometimes
lanceolate, 1/-3' long ; flowers solitary or subcymose, loug-peduncled;
corolla white or pink, tube longer than the narrow, subulate calyx-teeth;
style elongated and often equaling the tube. Xear Long's Peak,
Coulter. Sangre de Cristo llange, .ttrandegee.
CoLLcmiA 2 LIXEARIS, Xutt. Gr. Rci\ I. c.. 259. Annual, more or less
1 XAMA, L. Calyx 5 sepalcd. persistent. Corolla tuVmlar-fmmelfovm. Stamens sub-
included. Styles '>. A\ith rather obtuse stigmas. Capsuls 2-L-elled. locnlicidal, the
septum bearing t^o laminar phicenta 1 projectiii" 1 into each cell from the axis, -svhicli
are at rirst united, at length free. Low, annual branching herbs, perennial or some-
what woody nt the base, variously pubescent, with alternate or rarely opposite entire
leaves, and axillary and tei iiiinal Mowers. Choisy, DC. Prod, 10, p. 182.
2 C 1 OLLOMiA, Xutt. Corolla tubular-fuimel-forui or salver-form, with a more or less
dilated throat. Filaments slender, unequally inserted, usually protruded. Ovules
solitary, few or many in each cell. Seed-coat developing mucilage and projecting spiral
threads (spiricles) when wetted, (except in C. r//v<e*7/#.) Annuals or semi-biennials,
with alternate leaves, which are usually pinnately incised or divided, and with clus-
tered or sometimes scattered flowers.
106 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
viscid- pubescent, becoming- glabrate below, glandular above; .stems erect,
simple or brandling, 6' -IS 1 high; leaves sessile, lanceolate, very entire;
heads crowded; lobes of the calyx triangular-lanceolate, acute; corolla,
light blue or nearly white, 6" long, slender, but little enlarged at the
throat, the limb small; ovules solitary; seeds with very numerous spi-
racles. Hall & Harbour, 404. Canon City, Kramle-gee. Monument Park
and plains of the Platte, Coulter.
COLLOMIA GrRACiLis, Dougl. Gr. Rev. I. c., 259. Annual, viscid-pubes-
cent, at length much branched and spreading, 2'-6 / high; leaves sessile,
lanceolate or linear or the lowest oval or obovate, entire; flowers rather
loosely cymose or scattered; calyx rounded at the base and nearly
5-parted, with linear-subulate segments ^corolla 5" long, purple or violet,
nearly salver-form, the narrow tube yellowish and seldom exceeding the
calyx; seeds without spiracles. Hall d* Harbour. 403. Plains near Den-
ver, Coulter.
COLLOMIA LONGiFLOHA, Gr. Gr. Rev. 1. e., 261. Annual, very smooth,
erect, 6'-2 high, much branched, panicnlately ramose, loosely flowered;
peduncles 1-flowered, generally slender, subcorymbose ; leaves apiculate,
piunately 3-7-parted, segments linear or almost filiform; lobes of the
calyx shorter than the tube, subulate; corolla white, salver- form, tube
very long, JV-18", not widened above, lobes orbicular or ovate, some-
times apiculate at the apex; filaments included, sometimes 2-3 unequally
inserted at the throat; anthers oblong, cells about 10-12-ovuled. On the
plains around Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon
City, Brandegce.
GiLiA 1 NUDICAULLS, Gr. Gr. Rei\ I c.,266. Annual, very glabrous,
l'-4' high; stem leafless from the cotyledons to the capitate inflorescence
which is subtended by an involucre of several ovate-lanceolate or lanceo-
late, sessile, entire, foliaceous bracts, from whose axils sometimes 1 or 2
smaller heads are produced on short peduncles; corolla white, pink or
yellow, salver-form, tube 2 // -3 // long, slender, exceeding the calyx, the
cuneate lobes l"-2" long, somewhat undulate-toothed or decidedly 1-3
dentate at the broad apex; anthers sessile in the someAvhat dilated
throat, short, included; ovaries numerous. South Park. Hall.
GILIA XUTTALLII, Gr. Gr. Rev. 1. c., 267. Puberuleiit; stems nu-
merous from a perennial woody base, slender, simple or loosely branched,
8 / -12 / high ; leaves opposite, mostly shorter than the internodes, pal-
mately-parted into 3-7 narrow-linear, mucronate or acerose segments,
G'M)" long ; flowers crowded into a leafy cluster ; corolla white with a
yellow throat, fragrant, salver-form, with a short dilated funnel- form
throat, the tube puberuleiit, scarce exceeding the narrow calyx : fila-
ments short, inserted in the throat, scarcely exserted ; anthers ovate-ob-
long; cells 2-ovuled. Figured by Watson, King's, Rep., vol. .">. PL
25. Near Mount Lincoln, Coulter.
GILIA PUNGENS, Beuth. Gr. Rev. 1. c., 268. Viscid-pubescent, puber-
tilent or glabrate, much branched from woody stems ; leaves alternate,
short, erect or a little spreading, rigid, fascicled in the axils, palmately
3-7-parted, segments entire and with the calyx-lobes acerose or subulate
and pungent ; flowers solitary or few in a terminal cluster ; corolla pink,
white or yellow, salver-form, tube at length longer than the calyx, the
J GiLiA, Ruiz. & Pav. Corolla from salver- form or funnel-form to compannlate or
rotate. Stamens equally inserted in or below the throat or sinuses of the corolla and
mostly equal; filaments not declined, naked (rarely pubescent) at the base. Ovules
sometimes solitary, commonly few or many in each cell. Seed-coat (with few excep-
tions) developing mucilage or spiracles when wetted. Herbs, or in a-few cases. siillrn-
Ticose; leaves, &c., various.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 107
wedge-obovate lobes 2"-4 / ' loiig ; anthers in the some wh at funnel-form
throat oblong, cells 8-10 ovuled; seed-coat close, without mucilage or
spiracles. Hall & Harbour, 463. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Upper Ar-
kansas, Porter. E. H. Smith. Canon City, Brandegee. Twin Lakes,
Coulter.
GILIA MINIMA, Gr. Or. Rev. 1. c., 269. Low, J'-l' high, simple or
branched, smoothish ; leaves pimiately divided with the acerose, spines-
cent segments widely divaricate ; bracts densely crowded, almost hiding
the small white flowers, nearly glabrous ; calyx slightly hairy in the
sinuses, teeth unequal, entire or two of them somewhat divided ; corolla
li" long, about equaling the calyx tube ; stamens shorter than the cor-
olla-lobes ; cells 1-3 ovuled, 1-seeded. Colorado, Vasey.
GLLIA SPICATA, Nutt. Gr. Rev. 1. c. 7 273. Perennial ; stem stout, erect,
4'-10' high, bearing many heads crowded in a long virgate interrupted
leafy spike, densely woolly-tomentose ; leaves trifld or very entire,
scarcely pointed, alternate, becoming smooth; lobes of the. corolla ob-
long-ovate, shorter" than the more or less exserted tube ; anthers sub-
sessile in the throat, cells 4-6-ovuled. Hall & Harbour, 400. Northern
Colorado, Hayden.
Yar. CAPITATA, Gr. Smaller; leaves verv entire; flowers in a single
terminal head. Hall iFHarbour, 461. Weston's Pass, at 11-12,000 feet
altitude, Coulter.
GILIA COXGESTA, Hook. Gr. Rev. I. c., 274. Perennial, more or 1 >s
woolly-pubescent, bearing single, terminal or few corymbose and close
heads; stems 3'-12' high; leaves very entire or 3-7 pinnately-parted,
with 3-7 narrowly-linear segments, divisions aristulate-mucronate; co-
rolla salver-form, white, the tube about equaling the oval lobes, not ex-
ceeding the usually awned calyx-segments; filaments inserted in the
sinuses, equaling or exceeding the anthers ; cells 2-4-ovuled. South
Park, Canby. Gray's Peak, B. H. Smith. Hoopes.
GILIA AGGREGATA, Spreng. Gr. Rev. I. c., 275. Biennial, more or
less pubescent; stems l-4 high, less leafy above and loosely branch-
ing; leaves alternate, pinnately-parted, with linear, mucronulate-apicu-
late segments ; panicle contracted in to a virgate spike or loose with open
branches ; calyx usually glandular, lobes subulate ; corolla deep scarlet,
varying to light pink or even white or variegated and spotted, tubular-
funnel-form, 6"-20" long, with ovate or lanceolate-acute, widely spread-
ing or soon recurved lobes ; filaments either exserted or included ;
anthers oval or short-oblong; ovules numerous; seeds mucilaginous and
spiraliferous. Very common on the plains on dry slopes and among the
foot-hills up to an elevation of 9,000 feet. Hall & Harbour 459; Parry ;
Dr. Smith; B.H. Smith; Canby. North Park, Hayden. Porter; Coulter.
GILIA PIXNATIFLDA, Nirtt. Gr. Rev. I. c., 276. Minutely viscid-glan-
dular, especially above ; stem 6' '-2 high ; leaves pinnately-piimatifid,
narrowly lanceolate in outline, lobes uniform, oblong, 3" long, curved
upward, apiculate, rarely cleft ; panicle ample, thyrsoid or sometimes
widely spreading and corymbose ; bracts linear or subulate, few ; corolla
salver-form, white or bluish, tube about twice longer than the calyx, a
little longer than its obovate lobes ; filaments inserted beneath the sinu-
ses, much exserted ; anthers ovate ; cells 6-8 ovuled ; seeds neither mu-
cilaginous nor spiraliferous. Hall & Harbour, 456. South Park, Canby.
Common on the plains around Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs,
Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. B. H. Smith. Pleasunt Park and La
Plata Mountain, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
108 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
GILIA INCONSPICUA, Dougl. Gr. Rev. I. c., 278. Annual, erect, 4'-li >/
high, glabrate or viscid-glandular and pubescent, branched and loosely
panicled; leaves alternate, the lower 1-2 pinnatifid or pinnate-toothed;
flowers scattered, on slender pedicels, purple or blue, rarely white, 3"-5"
long, funnel-form, with the throat more or less dilated, 2-3 times the
length of the calyx, the tube little or not at all exserted, the lobes ovate
or obovate, mostly exceeding the stamens; filaments slender; cells
many ovuled ; verv variable. Canon City, Brandegee. Hall & Harbour,
457."
POLEMONIUM CONFERTUM, Gr. Or. Rev. I. c., 280. Perennial, G'-8'
high, glandular- viscid and musk-scented, woolly-pubescent above ; leaf-
lets very numerous, small, V-A" long, mostly as if wh oiled or fascicled,
being 2-5 divided and sessile, segments either broadly oval or linear-
oblong; flowers capitate-crowded, at length raceinose-spicate, some-
what nodding, honey-scented ; lobes of the calyx narrow, twice shorter
than the cylindrical or oblong tube ; corolla 8 // -12 // long, blue, the nar-
row funnel-form tube longer than the calyx and 2-3 times longer than
its rounded lobes ; filaments barely hairy and scarcely dilated at base.
Hall & Harbour, 450 and 451. Gray's Peak, at 12,000 feet altitude and
Horse Shoe Mountain, at 11,000 feet, Coulter. B. If. Smith ; 'Red-field.
Var. MELLITUM, Gr. Laxer in leaflets and inflorescence, with a pale
or whitish corolla V long, the lobes one-fourth the length of the narrow
tubes. Alpine, 2 / -3 / high. Hall & Harbour. Sangre do Cristo Range,
Brandegee.
POLEMONIUM YISCOSUM, Nutt. Gr. Rev. I. c., 280. Low, 3'-4' high,
pubescent and very viscid-glandular; leaflets very entire,, ovate or
rounded ; flowers subcorymbose; calyx subcampanulate, lobes elongated-
lanceolate, (broadish, Gray;} corolla-tube equaling the calyx, not exceed-
ing its own lobes. Gray's Peak, B. H. Smith.
POLEMONIUM C^ERULEUM, l^.Hall & Harbour, 449. Twin Lakes,
Co niter / Porter.
Tar. FOLIOSISSIMTJM, Gr. Gr. Eev. I. c., 281. Very viscid-pubescent;
stems 2 high, with the corymbose branches very leafy to the top; leaf-
lets often confluent on a wing-margined rachis; stamens and style mostly
shorter than the smaller white or blue corolla, which is twice longer
than the calyx. Hall & Harbour, 448. AVet Mountain Valley, Brande-
gee. Plains^of the Platte, Coulter. South Park, Porter.
POLEMONIUM HUMILE, Willd. (P.pulchellum,T>\iiige.' 7 P. RichardsoniL
Grab.; P. capitatum, Beiith.; P. pulclierrimum, Hook.) Gr. Rev. I. c., 281.
Dwarf, 4'-S 7 high, branching from the base, softly glandular-pubescent ;
stems i-2 leaved ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate", acute, small ; flowers
subcorymbose, few, on rather long, slender pedicels, small, blue, tube
shorter than the calyx ; calyx cleft below the middle ; ovules 2-4 ; seeds
1-2 in each cell. Hall & Harbour, 452 ; Parry. Wet Mountain Valley,
Brandegee. Chicago Lakes, at 12,000 feet altitude, and Horse Shoe
Mountain, at 11,000 feet, Coulter. Subalpine woods.
CONVOI/FUtACEJE.
IPOM^EA LEPTOPHYLLA, Torr. in Fremont, 1st Rep., p. 1)4 ; Emory's
Rep., p. 148, t. 11. Annual(?), 2-3 high, much branched from the base;
branches long, spreading and prostrate, angular, glabrous; leaves
linear and lanceolate-linear, attenuated at both ends, strongly veined,
glabrous, mucronate-apiculate, short-petioled: peduncles 1-3 -flowered,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 109
A'-l. 1 / iii length; sepals appressed, broadly ovate, very obtuse, with a
minute inucro, 5" long; corolla funnel-form, 2'-2' long, purple; sta-
mens inserted near the base, filaments villous at the base, anthers ob-
long-linear, large; style as long as the stamens; stigma 2-lobed, lobes
capitate; ovary 2-ceiled, with 2 ovules in each cell. On the Platte
near Denver aiid on the mesas around Colorado Springs, Porter and Dr.
Smith.
CONVOLVULUS LOB ATUS, Eng. & Gr. PL Lindh., p. 44. (('. haxtatu*.
Xutt. Trans. Amer. Phil 8oe., (n. ser.,) 5, p. 194, -non Thurb. C.yiittallii,
Torr. in Emory 8 Rep., p. 1 49.) Boot perennial ; stem twining, herbaceous
and pubescent ; leaves petiolate, on either surface covered Avith a short
hoary and silky pubescence, the primary ones simply hastate, the rest
partly palmated, about 2' long, commonly producing on either side of the
base two lateral, retiexed and toothed, or almost entire lobes, the cen-
tral segment more than twice their length and double their breadth ;
peduncles solitary, mostly 2-flowered, much longer than the leaves, the
pedicels each producing 2 bracts; segments of the 5-leaved calyx exter-
nally pubescent, imbricated, oval and obtuse, tinged with purple; corolla
rose-colored; stigmas 2, filiform; capsule 2-celled, cells 2-seeded.
Oaiion City, Brandegee.
CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, K. Br. Along the Platte near Denver and
Colorado Springs, Porter. Pleasant Park, Coulter.
EVOLYULUS ARGEXTEUS, Pursh. Hall it- Harbour, 579. Canon City,
Brandegee. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Colorado Springs, Porter.
CUSCUTA ARVENSIS, Beyrich. Eng. Monog., Trans, Saint Louis Aead.,
vol. 1, p. 494. Var. pentagons Eng. /. c., p. 494. Calyx thin and shining :
lobes orbicular, as long or longer than the shallow tube of the corolla,
forming, where they join, 5 projecting angles. Hall & Harbour, 4G4.
CUSCUTA DECORA, Eng. 1. c., p. 501. On Psoralea, near Denver, Dr.
Smith. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains, Porter.
CUSCUTA GRONOYII, YVilld. Eng. I c., p. 507. Canon City, Brande-
gee. Manitou Springs, Porter ; climbing high on Clematis It gust ic (folia.
Foot of the Spanish Peaks, Huertano County, Greene.
CUSCUTA CUSPIDATA, Eng. I c., p. 509. Inflorescence loosely panicu-
late, with many sterile hyaline bracts 011 the pedicels and at the base of the
calyx; flowers pediceled, meinbrauaceous, about 2" long; sepals free,
imbricate, ovate or orbicular, cuspidate or sometimes obtuse, like the
surrounding sterile bracts ; ovary oval, Avith a thick stylopodium ; cap-
sule thick and ^landless at the apex ; seeds about 4" long, obovato,
compressed, rostrate, with a very short oval, mostly transverse liilum ;
withered corolla covering the capsule like a hood. Parry, 273.
SOLANACEA.E.
SOLANUM TKIFLOKIM, Xutt. Gen. 1, p. 128. Stem unarmed, herba-
ceous, procumbent, hirsutulous ; leaves petiolate, pinnatifid, segments
acute, entire, or dentate, with broad sinuses ; peduncles nearly opposite
the leaves, 2-3-flowered ; calyx about 5-parted, lobes linear-oblong :
corolla small, white, with re volute lobes ; berry globose, about the size
of a cherry, when ripe blackish-brown. Buffalo Peaks, Coulter. Colo-
rado Springs, Porter. Hall & Harbour, 407. Denver, Dr. Smith.
SOLANU3I NIGRU3I, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Greene.
SOLANUM ROSTHATUM, Duiial. DC. Prod., 13, p. 329. Stem herba-
ceous, 2-3 high, much -branched, armed with strong, straight, yellow
110 , SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
spines and pilose throughout with cinereous-stellate hairs; leaves pctioled,
spiny, pbovate in outline, 2'-3' long, 5-7 lobed, lobes obovate, obtuse ;
racemes 2 / -3 / long, 5-8-flowered ; peduncles! 7 long; pedicels 3"-4" long,
1-flowered, longer in fruit ; calyx villous, globose-cup-form, tube very-
spiny, longer spines 6" in length ; corolla yellow, about 5-cleft, the lobes
broadly ovate, acute, plicate ; stamens 5, unequal; anthers declined, one
City, Brandegee. Porter. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
SOLANUM HETERODOXUM, Dunal. DC. Prod., 13, p. 331. In most
points like the preceding, but the leaves are smaller, less deeply lobed
and on longer petioles; the yellow spines are shorter; flowers corym-
bosely clustered, 3-5 ; corolla blue, small, 5"-6" in diameter, plicate,
hirsute-pubescent without, tube short, limb 5-cleft ; stamens 5, unequal,
half as long as the corolla; filaments short, smooth; berry globose, at
first green, then black, 2-celled. On the plains near Greeley, Porter.
PHYSALIS ANGULATA, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Denver, JV,
Smith.
PHYSALIS PUBESCENS, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
PHYSALIS VISCOSA, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Colorado Springs,
Porter.
PHYSALIS PENNSYLVANIA, L., var/ LANCEOLATA, Gr Plains of the
Platte and Pleasant Park, Coulter. Canon City, Brandegee. Denver, Dr.
Smith. Ute Pass, Porter.
PHYSALIS LOBATA, Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lye., 2, p. 220. Much branched
from the base; branches prostrate, decumbent or ascending, smooth,
angular, often 12 / -18 / long ; leaves oblong or ovate, irregularly lobed or
ivpand, sometimes lyrate, lobes very obtuse, abruptly narrowed into a
petiole, solitary or in pairs, nearly" smooth; flowers solitary, nodding, on
filiform peduncles about half as long as the leaves; calyx subcampanu-
late, with 5 acute lobes, minutely tomentose at the tips and margins,
often covered as well as the pedicels with minute white granules, about
2 J" in diameter ; corolla campamdate-rotate, purple or ochroleucous, 9"
in diameter; stamens 5, filaments shorter than the corolla, smooth.
Fructiferous calyx much inflated and larger than the berry, 1' long and
I' wide. Hall & Harbour, 4(>G. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee.
WiTHANiA 1 (?) CORONOPUS, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound., p.{155. (Sola-
tium Coronopm, Dunal.) Annual, erect or spreading, branched above;
leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sessile, tapering to the base, l'-2'
long, nearly entire, toothed or deeply pinnatiticl ; flowers solitary or in
pairs on slender pedicels Avhich are at length reflexed ; corolla dull yel-
low, "-" in diameter; fruit globose, size of a large pea, nearly white
when mature, covered or more by the calyx. Canon City, Brandegee.
Pueblo, Greene.
NICOTIAN A ATTENUATA, Torr. " Annual, glutinous-pubescent or
1 WITHANIA, Pauquy. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft; lobes subulate, inflated after
flowering, more or less covering the berry. Corolla campanulate, funnel-form or
subrotate, longer than the calyx, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the
corolla, equal or large ; filaments subulate, often dilated at the base, naked or squa-
mose; anthers yellow, oblong, equal to or shorter than the filaments. Ovavv ovate-
globose, smooth, closely surrounded at base by a thin glaiidulose, annular' disk, 2-
celled. Placentae, adnate to the dissepiment ; ovules many. Style simple, straight,
subulate, equal to the stamens or a little longer. Stigma capitate. I Jerry globose, v>-
eelled. Seeds many, subreniform. Embryo fleshy, subeircular. DC. Prodi; 13.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. Ill
somewhat glabrate, erect. l-3 high, .branched ; leaves oblong-lance-
olate or the uppermost linear, acuminate, attenuate into a petiole,
entire or obscurely repaud-dentate; lower ones 4'-6' long and l'-2' wide,
the upper ones proportionately narrower ; flowers in loose terminal race-
mes; calyx 3" long, ttibular-campanulate, teeth short, triangular, acute,
equal; corolla narrow funnel-form, I' long, the short limbs spreading or
more usually erect and closed; capsule 3"-5" long, exceeding the calyx,
ovate, acute, 2-valved, valves bifid ; seeds pitted." Watson in King's
Rep., vol. 5,2). i>7<>. pi. 27. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith.
GENT1ANACEJE.
GENTLANA AMAKKLLA. L. DC. Prod., 9, p. 95. (G. acuta, MX.; Stem
slender, erect, simple, or branched, 2'-10 / high; lowest leaves oval-spat-
ulate. upper ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile and sub-clasping, margins
scabrous; cyme mostly compound, raceme-like; calyx 5-cleft, lobes lance-
olate, somewhat unequal, shorter than the cylindrical tube of the corolla;
corolla pale blue, without folds, fringed at the base of the limb, lobes
elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than the tube; ovary oblong- linear, sessile.
Hall & Harbour, 473: Parry; Canby. Twin Lakes and Sierra Madre
Range, Coulter. Subalpiue.
Var. STRICTA, Watson, (G. acuta, MX. var. stricta, Griseb., DC. Prod.,
9, p. 96.J Stem 2-4 high ; cymes raceme-like, axillary, strict, elongated,
erect; Sowers when dried becoming yellow. Mountains west of Denver,
B. H. Smith. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
GENTIANA HETEROSEPALA, Eng. Tranx. Saint Louix Acad., 1, p. 215.
Annual, erect, simple, 4 / -16 / high, few-flowered, glabrous; lowest leaves
obovate-spatulate, -1^' long, upper ones ovate, broad at the base, ses-
sile, acute or sub-obtuse, margin minutely scabrous; flowers solitary or
fascicled in the axils, on peduncles of unequal length, (3"-lS",) pale blue,
6"-8" long; calyx 5-clelt, two of the lobes large, ovate, acute, nearly
equaling the corolla, the rest shorter and linear- subulate; corolla spar-
ingly-bearded, lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading, half as long as the
tube; anthers ovate-cordate; pistil linear. Sierra Madre Bange, Coulter.
GENTIANA DETONSA, Fries. Hall tf- Harbour, 471. AVet Mountain
Valley, Brandegee. B. H. Smith. Mount Elbert, near Twin Lakes, at
10.000 feet altitude, Coulter.
GENTIANA BARBELLATA, Eng. in Iran*. I. c., 2, t. 11. Stems 1-3 from
a perennial caudex, very smooth, 1-flowered, 2 / -4 / high ; leaves fleshy,
obtuse, with a very narrow, cartilaginous, crenulate margin, lowest linear-
oblong or spatulate, attenuated into a petiole sheathing at the base,
1' long, cauline few, linear, connate at base, lower pair elongated, at-
tenuate at base, the uppermost (2-4) broader at base, involucre-like
below the sub-sessile flower, acute or acuminate; calyx 4-cleft, lobes
triangular-lanceolate, scarcely longer than the tube, much exceeding the
tube of the corolla, 'J long, outer ones a little broader, with a mem-
branous margin, mostly dentate; lobes of the deep azure-blue corolla
linear-oblong, obtuse, erect-spreading, with the margins short-ciliate
half way up, dentate above, tube deeply cauipanulate, greenish-yellow
within; lower-part of the purplish-brown filaments attached in the mid-
dle, the free edges beset with long and slender fringes, glands between
the bases of the filaments conspicuous; ovary ovate, attenuate at base :
stigma seini-orbieulate, sessile: seeds squamulose. Mount Flora, in the
Snowy Eange, Parry. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
GENTIANA TENELLA, Fries. DC. Prod., 9, p. 98. Stem branching at
112 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
base; pedicels 1-flowered, frequently 2' high ; lowest leaves spatulate,
upper ones few, oblong; calyx deeply 5-parted, segments mostly unequal,
obtuse, at length shorter than the cylindrical tube of the corolla ; lobes
of the deep blue corolla, ovate, acutish, about equaling the tube.
Gray's Peak, Greene. August, 1872.
GENTIANA IIOIILIS, Stev. 7)0. Prod., 9, p. 106. Stems numerous, l'-2'
high, laxly branched from the base; branches 1-flowered; leaves smooth
with white margins, more or less apiculate; lowest round-ovate, upper
ones lance-oblong, at first crowded and imbricated on the stems; calyx
f>-cleft; lobes ovate-lanceolate, erect, shorter than the scarcely enlarged
tube of the corolla; corolla blue, lobes ovate, half the length of the
tube; folds entire, rounded, a little shorter than the lobes; style none;
capsule obovate or somewhat globose, attenuated at the base, rounded
at the apex. Alpine Parry. Long's Peak, at 9.000 feet altitude, June 2,
Cottlter.
GENTIANA PHOSTUATA, Hanike. ])C. Prod., i), p. 100. Var. AMERI-
CANA, En gel in. Steins simple, 0"-2' high, slender; leaves oval-spatulate,
mostly obtuse, not pointed, smooth on the margin ; flowers .small, 4-
parted, deep blue; teeth of the calyx 5, erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
shorter than the little-enlarged tube of the corolla; tube of the corolla
tAvice longer than the ovate lobes, folds often more than half the length
of the lobes, nearly entire; style short; capsule oblong-linear, base at-
tenuated into a short stipe. Hall & Harbour, 475; Parry.
GENTIANA FRIG IDA, Hamke. DC.Pro<7.,9,p.lll. Perennial; stem often
solitary, ascending; leaves spatulate-linear, obtuse, smooth on the mar-
gin ; flowers 'sub-solitary, terminal ; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes oblong-linear,
half as long as the corolla; corolla plaited, glandless and beardless, nar-
rowly obconic, whitish, with blue spots, lobes short, ovate, 3 times longer
than the entire folds; anthers free; testa slightly winged; capsule at
length stipitate.
Var. ALGIDA, Pall. Stem tfsually taller, with the flowers, from IJ'-S'
high; leaves broader; flowers !-;>, pediceled, l'-2' long, more tinged
with purple: calyx somewhat unequal and split; lobes of the corolla
longer. High alpine. Hall & Harbour, 472. Parry, 305. Summit of Pike's
Peak, Canby. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith. Mount La Plata,
at 14,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
GENTIANA AFFINIS, Griseb. DC. l*ro<L, 9, p. 114. Perennial ; stems clus-
tered, ascending 8'-20' high; lower leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, the
upper lanceolate, rather acute, scabrous on the margins; flowers solitary
and pediceled, or clustered and sub-sessile; calyx 5-cleft, lobes oblong-
linear or sometimes dilated, very variable, often almost wanting, rarely all-
present; corolla blue, beardless and glandless, narrowly clavate, open,
twice longer than the calyx, the lobes oblong, obtuse, thrice longer than
the cleft folds; stigmas connate or twisted or diverging; anthers free;
testa slightly winged; seeds orbicular or oblong, winged or wingless.
7/aM(fr77<r/rZ>0Hr,468and4()9. Xorth Park, Hay fen. Parry, 439 ; Canby;
Dr. Smith; B.H. Smith. Wet Mountain Valley \Brandeyee\ Twin Lakes
and Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
GENTIANA PARRYi,Engelm. Tram. Saint Lo-ui* Acad., l,p. 218. Peren-
nial; stems 1 or several, ascending or erect, 4 / -9 / high, simple, leafy,
few-flowered ; leaves somewhat glaucous, broad at base, sessile, rounded-
ovate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 10"-15" long, 3"-IO" wide, 3-nerved,
the uppermost carinate and boat-shaped, involucrate to the large, sessile
flowers which are 15"-18" long, very deep purple, greenish below,
widening upward, with lobes a third as long as the tube; calyx 5-cleft,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 113
membranous, entire, the lobes linear, shorter than the tube; tube of
the open corolla obconie, twice longer than the calyx, the erect broadly
obovate lobes very shortly acute; ovary lanceolate, stipitate.. Subal-
pine. Hall & Harbour, 470; Parry; Canby. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith ;
B. H. Smith. Xorth Park, Haydeti. Twin Lakes, at 10,000 feet eleva-
tion, Coulter.
FRASERA SPECIOSA, Dougl. Biennial, stein stout, erect, 3-5 high,
strict, usually simple, glabrous, not sulcate ; leaves in fours, thick, acut
ish or acute, 7-9 nerved, the lowest oblong-lanceolate, G'-9' long, 2' wide,
attenuate into a long petiole, the cauline connate at base, the uppermost
linear ; the racemose cyme densely-flowered, elongated ; flowers 1' in
diameter, the petals bearded at the base between the filaments ; calyx-
segments linear, acuminate, rather shorter than the whitish, punctate
petals ; glands in pairs, elliptic-oblong ; filaments dilated at base,
scarcely united ; style about equaling the ovary. Hall & Harbour, 553.
Monument Park, Coulter. Ute Pass, Porter. Abundant at lower and
middle elevations.
SwERTiA 1 PERENNIS, L. DC. Prod., 9, p. 132. Steins erect, G'-20' high,
few-many-flowered ; lower leaves oblong-elliptic, long-petioled, cauline
ones opposite, ovate oblong, obtusish ; flowers erect, G"-3" in diameter,
steel-blue, with darker spots ; corolla-segments coriaceous, elliptic-oblong,
acutish, twice longer than the lanceolate calyx-lobes ; glands in pairs,
orbicular, the fimbriate crest distinct; stigma reniform, sulcate; seeds
winged. Hall i(- Harbour, 47G. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. Parry; Canby.
Twin Lakes, at 10,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
PLEUROGYNE 2 ROTATA,Griseb. DC.Pw7.,9,p. 122. Amrual, simple,
erect, 3'-6' high, bearing 1-few flowers at the summit ; lowest leaves
spatulate, the uppermost linear, obtuse ; segments of the calyx lance-
linear, equaling the corolla ; ovary acute. " South Park, subalpine."'
Hall & Harbour, 477.
APOCYNACE.E.
APOCYNUM AZS-DROSJEMIFOLIUM, L. Plains of the Platte, near Den-
ver, Dr. Smith and Coulter.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM, L. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Wet
Mountain Valley, Brandeyee. Median.
ASCLEPIADACE-S:.
ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA, Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lye., 2, p. 218. Tomentose,
becoming glabrate ; stem simple, 2-5 high ; leaves '-S f long, cordate-
ovate, acute, short-petioled or the uppermost nearly sessile, abruptly
apiculate ; umbels axillary and terminal, solitary, many-flowered, the
short peduncles and the pedicels often densely toinentose ; flowers light
purple ; corolla-lobes ovate, acutish, reflexed ; hoods of the crown 6"
long, ovate, long-acuminate, bidentate at the base within, thrice longer
than the stigma and the compressed, incurved horn ; pods 4' long, 1' in
diameter. Plains near Denver, B. H. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter.
Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
1 SWERTIA, L. Flowers 5- (or sometimes 4-) uierous. Calyx-segments united at the
very base, valvate. Corolla withering, rotate, without corona or folds, glands fimbriate
on the margin. Stamens inserted on the throat ; filaments equal at base : anthers at
length incumbent, nodding. Stigma terminal, seated on the ovary, continuous, einar-
ginate-reiiifonn. Capsule 1-celled, '2-valved, septicidal. Seeds numerous, attached to
the valves. De CandoUe.
2 PLEUROGYXE, Escholtz. As in Sicertia, except that the two lateral stigmas are
decurrent upon the margins of the valves and glaudulose above.
SF C
114 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ASCLEPIAS JAMESII, Torr. Bot. Hex. Bound., p. 162. Very smooth,
somewhat glaucous; stem stout, l-2 high; leaves orbicular or orbie-
ular-obovate, subcoriaceous, retuse or emarginate, cordate at the base,
very short-petioled, 3'-4' long, 2J'-3 J' wide, abruptly pointed ; umbels
many-flowered, short-peduncled ; corolla greenish, segments broadly
ovate ; hoods purplish, dilated, obliquely-truncated ; the horn with the
acute point exserted and projected partly over the stigma ; pods ovoid,
smooth. Gallon City, Brandegee.
ASCLEPIAS BRACHYSTEPPIANA, Eiig. Bot. 1. c., p. 103. Stem branch-
ing, 8'-12' high ; leaves opposite, liuear-lanceolate, abruptly narrowed
at the base into a short petiole, gradually tapering to a long, narrow
point, 3'-6' long ; umbels 3-8 ; peduncles shorter than the pedicels,
many-flowered ; corolla dull-purple, segments ovate-oblong, reflexed ;
hoods broader than long, toothed on the inner margins ; falciform pro-
cess vertical ; pods oblong, smooth, 2' long, acuminate. On the plains.
Hall & Harbour, 478.
ASCLEPIAS OVALIFOLIA, Decaisne. Hall & Harbour, 480. Canon
City, Brandegee. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Monument Park, Coulter.
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA, L. Caiion City, Brandegee.
ASCLEPIAS VERTICILLATA, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Eastern Col-
orado, Dr. Smith.
Var. Dwarf, 4' 6' high, branched from the base ; stems very leafy
with crowded, filiform leaves ; umbels corymbose at the summit. Hall
& Harbour, 481. A common form on the plains around Denver and Col-
orado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Dr. Smith.
ACERTES DECUMBENS, Decaisne. DC. Prod., S, p. 552. Stems 1-L >0
long, numerous, decumbent, sometimes angular; leaves scattered and
subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, or more usually narrow-lanceolate, (<>' long,
y-V wide,) acute, margins scabrous ; umbels terminal, sub-globose ;
corolla-lobes ova.te, greenish-yellow; hoods purple, equaling the lobes
and exceeding til, disk ; pods smooth, 4' long, I' in diameter. S. Colo-
rado, Hoopes.
ACERATES YIRIDIFLORA, Ell. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
ACERATES AURICULATA, Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound., p. 1GO. Stem
erect, 2-3 high, someAvhat glaucous ; leaves scattered, linear, filiform
or narrowly linear, slightly scabrous but not revolute on the margins,
4 / -6 / long, less than 1" wide ; umbels several, axillary, immy-tloweivr:,
on short peduncles; pedicels 6" long, pilose ; calyx villose on the out-
side ; lobes of the corolla reflexed, 2" long ; hoods obscurely 3-toothed
at the apex, involute 011 the margins^ very broadly biauriculate at base,
with large triangular wings ; pods lanceolate, long-beaked, 3'-4' long.
Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Caiion City, Brandegee. Pueblo, Eedjield.
JTASMIMEJEJ
MENODORA 2 SCABRA, Gr. Sill Jour., (2d. Series,) 14, p. 44. Stems erect,
1 JASMINES, BroAvn. Flowers perfect, regular; calyx persistent, dentate or lohed,
lobes 5-8; corolla hypogoiious, gamopetalous, 5-8 lobed, salver- form, lobes imbricate
in aestivation, two exterior contorted or valvate ; stamens 2, adnate to the tube an*.
included, anthers 2-eelled, cells dehiscing introrsely by a longitudinal chink ; ov;u' v
destitute of a hypogonous disk, 2-celled, 2-lobed at the apex ; ovules erect, 1 or 2 in
each cell or rarely 2-4 ; style simple, stigma 2-lobed ; fruit either two-berried or s.-p,-.
rable into two capsules; valves septiferous in the middle; seeds with little or n;
albumen ; embryo straight ; cotyledons two.
3 MENODORA, H. & B. Calyx 10-14 lobed, rarely 7-9 lobed ; lobes linear or setaceous.
longer than the tube of the corolla. Corolla siiort-fuimelforui or subrottite, more or
less bearded in the throat ; limb 5-parted, lobes obovate or oblong, scarcely inucroiiu-
late ; filaments filiform ; anthers awuless.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 115
mostly corymbose at the summit ; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, upper
ones linear-lanceolate, very entire, very rarely 2-3 toothed and minutely
scabrous as well as the stems; lobes of the small corolla 3"-4" long,
broadly obovate, twice exceeding the 7-10 setaceous divisions of the
calyx ; fructiferous calyx not exceeding the carpels. Near Pueblo, Greene.
NYCTAGINACE^I.
MIRABILIS 1 OXYBAPHOIDES, Gr. (Quamocltdion oxybaphoides, Gr. SHI.
Jour., 2d. S., 15, p. 320.) Stems procumbent, diffuse, slender; leaves all
deeply cordate, on rather long petioles, lowestreuiform, upper ones acumi-
nate, often subangled; involucre 3-flowered, deeply 5-cleft, very viscid-
glandular as well as the peduncles in the loose panicle, lobes ovate,
rather acute, a little shorter than the campamilate perigonium; sta-
mens 3 ; fruit subglobose-obovoid, glabrous, destitute of ribs or angles,
blackish. Canon City, Brandegee.
MIRABILIS MULTIFLORA, Gr. (Oxybaplius multiflorus, Ton 1 , in Ann. JV.
T. Lye., p. 237; Quamoclidion mutiiflorum, Torr. Sill. Jour. I. c., 321.)
Pulverulent and minutely pubescent; stems subquadrangular, erect,
widely branched, with enlarged joints; leaves opposite, broadly cordate,
acute or acuminate ; petioles 4/'-6" long; flowers axillary and terminal;
involucre campannlate, 1' long, pedunculate, segments ovate, acute ;
flowers 4-7 ; perianth funnel-form, 1 J"-2" long, persistent, 5-lobed, lobes
acuminate, purple; stamens 5-0, as long as the perianth; anthers large,
yellow ; fruit smooth. Canon City, Brandegee.
OXYBAPHUS NYCTAGINEUS, Sweet. HaH & Harbour, 483. Golden
City, Dr. Smith. Denver, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee.
Var. CEEVANTESII, Gr. (0. Cervantesii, Lag.) Bot.Mex. Bound. Surv.,
p. 174. Branches and involucres viscid-pubescent or villous; leaves much
thicker, obtuse, and cordate or sub-cordate at base. Canon City, Bran-
degee.
Yar. OBLOXGIFOLIUS, Gr. Bot. I. c., p. 174. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or
oblong, thick, not cordate at base, about 2' long; panicles terminal, laxly
many-flowered, expanded ; stems 2-4 high. Cherry Creek, near Den-
ver, Dr. Smith. Canon City, Brandegee.
OXYBAPHUS HIRSUTUS, Sweet. DC. Prod., 13, 2, p. 433. Very densely
pilose with long, spreading, articulated hairs; leaves sessile, ovate,
angola te-dentate or repand; involucre pubescent-tomentose. Chiaim
Canon, Porter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
OXYBAPHUS AXG-USTIFOLIUS, Sweet. Stems glabrous, ascending,
slender, l-6 high; leaves glabrous, linear, usually elongated, 2 / -4 /
long, thick, glaucous; flo wers loosely panic-led; peduncles and involucre
pubescent; involucre with 5 triangular, ovate, acuminate lobes, 3-5-
flowered, becoming 5" long in fruit ; perianth short, sub-campanulate or
rotate-fuimel-form, scarcely exceeding the involucre, white or pink, the
limb 1J" long; stamens exserted ; fruit hoary-pubescent, 2' 7 long. Hall
& Harbour, 482. Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City.
Brandegee. Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith.
1 MIRABILIS, L. Involucre herbaceous, scarcely changed in fruit, calyx-like, of
united leaves, 5-lobed, 1-2-rlo \vered. Calyx tubular, or more or less broadly funnel-
form. Stamens almost always 5, united within the persistent base of the calyx.
Stigma capitate, granulated. Fruit indurated, smooth, ovoid, not angled and scarcely
or not at all ribbed. Seed straight, with an incurved embryo, inferior radicle, andfolia-
ceous cotyledons. Herbs, with jointed stems, opposite leaves, and flowers solitary in
the axils, or in crowded terminal clusters.
116 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
ALLIONA 1 INCARNATA, L. DC. Prod. 13, 2d pt,, p. 434. Stem herbace-
ous, prostrate, elongated, whitish, mostly woolly ; leaves petioled, unequal
in the same pair, obtuse at each end or obliquely subcordate at base, mar-
gin sinuate, whitish-villose ; peduncles solitary; lobes of the involucre
lanceolate, acute, retiexed after flowering. Cation City, 1873, Greene.
ABRONIA 2 FRAGRANS, Xutt. Viscid-pubescent ; stems numerous from
a perennial root, ascending -1J high ; leaves oblong or ovate, trun-
cate or more or less cuneate at base ; obtuse or acutish ; peduncles, mostly
solitary, elongated; bracts of the involucre large, broadly ovate, white
and scarious, obtuse or acute, 4 // -9 // long ; stamens unequal; stigma
clavate ; fruit 3"-6" long, coriaceous, narrowly 1-2 winged or wingless,
not crested ; seed 1J" long. Hall & Harbour, 572. Plains near Denver,
Dr.. Smith; B. H. Smith. Near Colorado Springs, Porter. Monument
Park, Coulter.
ABRONIA CYCLOPTERA, Gr. Sill Jour., (N. S.,) 15, p. 319. Glandular-
pubescent; stems prostrate or ascending, 6'-18' long; leaves oblong,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at base, obtuse, l'-2' long; peduncles
short ; involucre of 5 ovate, acuminate bracts, 2 // -5 // long, 8-20 flowered ;
flowers bright rose-color, 6"-12" long, tube pubescent; stamens 3-5;
fruit 7"-12" long, 4 // -10 // wide, including the 2-4 (usually 3) large semi-
orbicular, membranous, strongly reticulated, pinkish-purple wings; seed
2"-4" long. Hall & Harbour, 573. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Grape
Creek, Fremont County, Coulter.
TELOXYS 3 CORNUTA, Torr. Bot. Whippl, P. E. -K., p. 129. Glabrous,
12 / -15 / high, very much branched ; leaves repand-deutate and pinuatifid ;
segments of the calyx acute, short beaked 011 the back ; calyx beset with
minute, elevated glands; floAvers minute, terminal and sessile in the
forks of the slender, dichotomous branchlets; the terminal ones soon
fall away, leaving slender, persistent, awnlike pedicels ; seed orbicular,
thick, rounded on the margin and closely covered with the .utricle which
strongly adheres to its surface. Mountains west of Denver, Dr. Smith;
B. H. Smith. Pueblo, Greene.
CYCLOLOMA PLATYPHYLLTJM, Moq. Near Denver and Colorado
Springs, Porter.
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM, L. Exceedingly variable.. Caiion City, Bran-
degee. Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter. Mount Elbert near Twin
Lakes, at 10,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
Linn. Involucre gam opliy lions, 3-cleft, 3-flowered. Perigonium very
small, limb 4-lobed. Stamens 4, freely included. Style simple ; stigma capitate. Fruit
covered with tlie indurated base of the perigouium, spiuulose on the back. Embryo
plicated. De CandoUe.
2 ABRONIA, Jnss. Involucre perfect, of 5-15 distinct leaflets, the head many flowered.
Calyx salver-form, with obcordate lobes. Stamens 5, included, adnate to the tube.
Style included ; stigma capitate or linear-clavate. Perfect fruit 5-winged. Seed cy-
lindrical, smooth. Embryo by abortion monocotyledouous, infolding the central mealy
albumen. Low herbs, with thick opposite petioled unequal leaves ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, and flowers in solitary involucrate heads.
3 TELOXYS, Moq. Flowers perfect, bractless. Calyx 5-parted, segments subconcave,
at length subcarinate, never appendiculate. Stamens 5, subperigynons. Filaments
compressed, thickish, subdilated below. Anthers ovate-globose. Staminodia none.
Nectary small, annular, depressed, somewhat fleshy. Ovary superior, depressed. Style
terete, thickish. Utricle depressed. Calyx angulate, involute, not entirely closed.
Pericarp distinct, membraiiaceoiis. Seed horizontal, lenticular, strongly depressed.
Testa crustaceous. DC. Prodr., 13, 2d pt.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 117
CHEXOPODIUM FREIMONTII, Watson. King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 287.
More or less farinose, G'-3 high, diffusely branched ; leaves oblong,
ovate or broadly triangular, mostly hastate, abruptly attenuate into a
slender petiole ; panicle loose and spreading, with short braetlets;
branchlets very slender; calyx-lobes carinate -cucullate; seed horizontal,
smooth and shining. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee.
CHENOPODIU3I HYBRIDUM, L. Hall & Harbour, 485. "Low mount-
ains 77 Ute Pass, Porter. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
CHENOPODIUM GLAUCUM, L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
BLITUZNI CAPITATOI. L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Col-
orado Springs, Porter. Twin Lakes, Mount La Plata, and Oro City,
Coulter.
MoxoLEPis 1 CHEXOPODioiDES,Moq. DC.Prod., 13, 2d pt., p. 85. (Blititm
Xuttallianum, E. & S.) Glabrous, or somewhat glaucous and farinose*,
steins ascending or decumbent, 3 / -12 / high, branched; leaves $'-2' long,
attenuate into the petiole and hastate at base, the lobes acute and en-
tire or the middle one laciniate- toothed; flowers in rather dense clusters
in the axils, often reddish, the sepals lance-elliptic, obtuse, sometimes
abortive; seed rather acutely margined, minutely tuberculate and not
shining, J" in diameter. Hall & Harbour, 486. Colorado Springs, Porter.
Near Denver and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
ATRIPLEX PATULA, L. Can >n City, Brandegee. Pueblo, 1873, Greene.
CORISPERMUM HYSSOPIFOLIUM, L. Canon City, Brandegee. Near
Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter.
OBIONE 2 CAXESCENS,Moq. DC.Pro<?.,13,2dpt, p. 112. Shrubby, l-5
high, hoary-caneseent and pulverulent, unarmed, branches usually erect
and virgate ; leaves sessile, oblong or linear-oblong, narrowed at base,
obtuse or acutish, occasionally emarginate, entire, l'-2J' long and 2 // -4 //
wide, (sometimes vsmaller and ovate or obovate;) flowers dioecious, the
staminate in dense clusters at the extremities of the brauchleis, the pis-
tillate clusters less crowded, axillary; fruit 2 // -3 // long, hoary-pubescent,
sessile or short-pedicelled, wingless or broadly winged by the more or
less dilated* margins' of the variously toothed bracts. Hall & Harbour,
308. Caiion City, Brandegee. Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
OBIONE AKGEXTEA, Moq. DC. Prod., 13, 2d pt., p. 115. Annual and
herbaceous, G'-lo' high, branching from the base, the branches ascending,
densely mealy-canescent, especially when young; leaves rather thick
and fleshy, i'-2' long, usually hastate or deltoid, sometimes rhomboidal
or ovoid, attenuate into the short petiole, obtuse or acutish, entire or
rarely sinuate-toothed; flowers monoecious, in sessile axillary clusters
upon the leafy branches; staminate clusters small; bracts somewhat
orbicular, united at base, dilated and herbaceous above in fruit, becom-
ing often 2"-3" in diameter, the margin deeply and acutely toothed and
undulate, the sides strongly reticulated, and frequently more or less
crested. Hall d' Harbour, 484. Canon City, Brandegee. Median.
1 MOXOLEPIS, Schrad. Flowers polygamous, braetless; calyx of a single scale-like
sepal, persistent, without appendages. Stamen 1, inserted on the receptacle. Disk
and staminodia none. Styles 2, filiform, somewhat united at base, stigmatic on the
inner surface. Utricle strongly compressed, naked, rather thick, subadherent to the
vertical flattened seed. Testa crnstaceous, fragile. Embryo annular, surrounding the
copious farinaceous albumen; radicle inferior. Annual herbs, with alternate petioled
leaves and clustered axillary flowers. Moquin in DC. Prod.
2 OBIOXE, Giertn. Pistillate flowers all without calyx and 2-bracted, the bracts
more or less completely united and becoming hardened or corky; radicle superior;
otherwise as in Atriplex. Monoecious or dioecious herbs or undershrubs, with mostly
alternate entire or sinuate-dentate leaves. Moquin in DC. Prod.
118 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
OBIONE SUCKLE Y AN A, Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep., 12, 2d pt., p. 47, pi. 4.
Annual; stein branching, prostrate; leaves suborbicular, on long petioles,
acutely repand-dentate, pale-green on both sides, nearly glabrous;
glomerules axillary; monoecious bracts of the sessile fruit deltoid, united
to the summit, the margin narrowly winged, crenate-denticulate ; male
flowers tetramerous. Meelian; in a dry irrigating ditch three miles west
of Denver.
EUROTIA l LANATA, Moq. DC. Prod., 13, 2d pt., p. 121. White-tomen-
tose, 6'-18' high, woody below, the subherbaceous branches virgate and
often simple ; leaves numerous, alternate and fascicled, linear-lanceolate,
"-\.&" long, l"-2" wide, revolute upon the margins; flowers frequently
dioBcious ; fruiting involucre 2"-3" long, penicillate with four dense tufts
of long, white hairs, (becoming brown in the herbarium, as also the
tomentum,) seed minute, J" long. Known both as " White Sage" and
u Winter Fat." Near Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee.
SALICORNIA HERBACEA, L. In dry saline marshes in South Park,
Porter.
MARITIMA, Duuiout. Hall & Harbour, 489 ; Median.
DEPRESSA, Lecleb. (Salsola, Pursh, FL N. Am., 107. Chenopo-
dina,Moq., DC. Prod., 13, 2d pt., p. 164.) Annual, herbaceous, prostrate,
very much branched, glabrous, often reddish; stems (3" -6" long) and
branches usually more or less flexuous ; leaves mostly flatter and
broader than i a the last; flowers and seed similar. Hall & Harbour,
488. " South Park and on the plains. " South Park, near the salt-
works, Porter.
SARCOBATUS 2 VERMICULATUS, Torr. (Fremontia vermicularis, Torr.
Frem.Rep., pp. 95 and 317, t. 3.) Erect, 3-G high, diffusely branched, more
or less spinose and the rigid divaricate or spreading branchlets spines-
cent at the extremities ; leaves G^-18" long, i"-2" wide, frequently much
smaller and fascicled on the branchlets, scurfy-pubarulent when young,
becoming glabrous ; staminate aments 3"-9" long, cylindrical or oblong,
nearly 2" in diameter ; anthers soon deciduous ; winged calyx of the
mature fruit 3"-G" broad; seed V in diameter, with a thin membranous
transparent testa. Near Canon City, Redfield.
1 EUROTIA, Adans. Flowers monoecious or sometimes dioecious ; the staminate
flowers glomerate-spicate at the extremities of the leafy branches; the pistillate below
them; axillary, sessile, solitary or clustered, 2-bracted ; bracts at first free, becoming
connate, enlarging and including the flower in a calyx-like tubular involucre, the free
summits elongated and narrowed. Calyx of the staminate flowers 4-parted, the lobes
equal, membranous. Stamens 4, inserted on a naked receptacle. Fertile flowers with-
out calyx, staminodia or nectariferous disk. Ovary ovoid. Styles 2, capillary, united
only at the base, exserted, hirsute. Fruit ntricular, membranous, villous, included in
the exceedingly hirsute involucre. Seed vertical, compressed, obovate, with a simple
membranous testa. Embryo nearly annular, surrounding the small mealy albumen,
green; radicle inferior. Low stellately-pubescent uudershrubs, with alternate, short
petioled entire leaves. Ledebour in Flor. Ross.
2 SARCOBATUS, Nees. Flowers unisexual, monoecious and dioecious. Staminate flowers
in terminal aments. Scales eccentrically peltate, stipate, angular, cuspidate. Stamens
2-4 under each scale, naked, sessile ; anthers oblong. Pistillate flowers solitary, axil-
lary. Calyx ovate, compressed, urceolate, contracted at the apex about the style and
somewhat bifid, enlarged and thickened in fruit and developing below the middle a
broad transverse undulate veined wing. Ovary sessile, very thin and membranous,
flattened, orbicular, mostly oblique, terminating laterally and abruptly in the slender
included persistent style; stigmas exserted, thick, divaricate, often unequal ; ovule on
a short funiculus, campylotropous. Seeds vertical, with a double integument ; embryo
flat-spiral, green ; radicle inferior ; albumen at the base very small or none. A spines-
cent shrub of alkaline soils, with alternate linear fleshy leaves.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 119
AMARANTACE.E.
.
AMAR ANTUS RETROFLEXUS, L. CaQon City, Brandegee. Plains aroimd
Denver, Coulter. Introduced.
AMARANTHS ALBUS, L. Plains around Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon
City, Brandegee.
MONTELTA TAMARISCINA, Gr. Around Denver, Dr. Smith; B. H.
Smith. Canon City, Brandegee.
FRCELICHIA FLORID AN A, Moq. Around Denver, Dr. Smith. " Sand
bills on the plains," Hall & Harbour. 487.
PARONYCHIEJE.
PARONYCHIA PULVINATA, Gr. Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 58.
Matted-ca?spitose from a woody root, forming dense cushion-like tufts,
nearly glabrous, occasionally sending out short nearly naked pubescent
stems; stipules silvery, broadly ovate, entire, pointless, the uppermost
somewhat acute but blunt, 2" 'long; leaves thick, oblong, obtuse, cilio-
late-scabrous upon the margin and somewhat minutely glandular-pubes-
cent, 2J"-3" long and V wide, bright green and nerveless, equaling the
stipules and with them densely covering the short stems; flowers im-
mersed among the leaves, solitary, terminal, sessile ; sepals oval, broadly
scarious, awned a little below the somewhat arched apex ; stamiiiodia
5, similar to the fertile filaments ; ovary glabrous, tapering into the
rather short style. Alpine. Hall it Harbour, 66; Parry, 297. Mount
Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
PARONYCHIA SESSILIFLORA, Kutt. Eoot woody, very densely csespi-
tose, much branched and crowded : branches very dense, 2' high ; leaves
imbricated, linear-subulate, lowest erect, obtuse, the upper longer, re-
curved-spreadiug, acute or mucrouate, rather longer than the 2-cleft
stipules; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; sepals arched at the apex
within, with divergent setaceous awns rather shorter, oblong-linear, ob-
scurely 3-uerved ; sterile seta? as long as the filaments ; style as long as
the se'pals, 2-cleft at the apex. South Park, Canby. Wet Mountain
Valley, Brandegee.
PARONYCHIA JAMESII, T. & G. Very minutely scabrous-pubescent,
ca^spitose, much branched from the base, stems 4M5' high ; leaves linear-
subulate, obtuse, ' long, about the length of the iuternodes, uppermost
mucronate ; stipufes shorter than the leaves, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
or setose; cymes dichotomous, few-flowered, crowded, with a central, sub-
sessile flower in each division; sepals minutely hairy at the base, linear-
oblong, obscurely 3-ribbed. with very short cusps, arched at the summit
within ; sterile seta? as long as the filaments ; style 2-cleft one-third of
its length. Hall & Harbour, 67. South Park, Canby. Abundant at the
base of the foot-hills near Colorado Springs, Porter.
POLYGON lACEJE.
ERiOGONOi 1 ALATUM, Torr. Sitc/reares' Rep., p. 168, t. 8. Perennial;
root stout and blackish ; stem erect, i-3 high, arising from a short, thick
1 ERIOGONUM, Miehx. Involucre many-rlowered. (seldom few, or very rarely 1-flow-
ered,) campanulate. top-shaped, or cyliiidric. usually 5-8-toothed or lobed, pointless.
Flowers jointed upon their pedicels, which are more or less exserted from the involu-
cre in flower ; bractlets usually very delicate or very narrow. Calyx 6-parted or
deeply 6-cleft. Stamens 9. Achenmm triangular, or in a few species 3-winged.
North American herbs or undershrnbs. mostly west of the Mississippi.
ERIOG-ONTDI FLAVUM, Nul
cent with a silky- woolly or
high, from a thick, many-pa
spatulate, becoming more or|
on the caudex ; . involucral
the same number; perigonil
the outside, funnel-form atl
ovary hirsute at the apex.
Around Denver and Colorac
Coulter. Canon City, Brant
ERIOGONUM HERACLEOID!
der, lJ-2 high, woolly, t<
curnbent, subcsespitose, fascil
scape-like peduncles souieti
leaves in the middle, with a
part involucrate-bracted ; leal
woolly beneath or on both sij
ing and soon reflexed, with]
yellow, very glabrous calyx \
filaments villous below ; ova
top, especially upon the angll
ERIOGONUM UMBELLATUIJ
foot high, woolly, tornent<
branches decumbent or cm
fasciculate-leafy at top ; leaves obovate-spatulate or oval, narrowing to
a petiole, white-woolly beneath ; peduncles scape like, leafless excepting
the involucre of bract-like leaves subtending the simple or rarely sub-
compound umbel; involucre deeply 6-8 cleft, many-flowered ; calyx very
glabrous, yellow or sometimes white, the segments 2-3 times longer than
the slender stipe ; filaments and ovary as in the last. Hall & Harbour,
504; Parry. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City, Brandegee. Plains
and foot-hills near Colorado Springs, Porter. Sierra Madre Range and
plains of the Platte, Coulter.
Var. MONOCEPHALUM, T. & G. Dwarf, depressed, caespitose ; leaves
glabrate above or on both sides, the blade J'-J' long ; scape %'-3' high,
slender, bearing 2-4 capitate involucres with usually 1-3 bracts, or a
single larger one, usually naked; flowers smaller. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
ERIOGONFM (LACHNOGYNA) ACAFLE, "Suit. T. & $., /. c., p. 163.
Perennial, matted-ca?spitose, white- tomentose ; leaves sessile, densely
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 121
crowded upon the closely-branched caudex, oblong or sub-linear, mar-
gins re volute ; heads of 1-5 nearly sessile short 3-5- toothed involucres,
sessile among the uppermost leaves, sometimes shortly exsert-peduneu-
late in fruit ; flower with a broad sessile base, the calyx hardly 2" long,
tomeutose, 6-parted, with equal oblong segments ; filaments pilose only
at base ; ovary very tomentose with long tangled wool ; leaves 2"-3"
long, spreading from the imbricated sheathing base. Discovered by
Xuttall in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado; not seen by us.
ERIOGONUM (LACHNOGYXA) LACHNOGYNUM, Torr. T. d; (7., 1. c., p.
163. Branches of the caudex very short and crowded; scape a span to
1 high, slender; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 1' long, acute,
petioled, more or less revolutely-margined, silky above, tomeutose be-
neath ; calyx silky-woolly, yellow within. Southern Colorado and
Xew Mexico. Blufts of the Arkansas at Pueblo, Greene, 1873.
ERIOGONUM (HETEROSEPALA) OVALIFOLIUM, Eutt. T. & ., 1. ., p.
104. Perennial, ciespitose, acaulescent, hoary- woolly; leaves oval or
somewhat rounded, petioled, crowded upon the numerous short branches
of the caudex; scape 2'-8' high, simple, leafless, with a single head (very
rarely 2) of few (3-8) closely sessile 5-S-toothed involucres; bracts very
small or wanting ; calyx with the base not produced, very glabrous,
6-parted, more or less yellow or rose-colored, wholly petaloid, becoming
thin and scarious after flowering ; segments very unequal, the outer very
broadly oval, cordate at base with usually a rather deep sinus, the lobes
reaching to the joint or beyond it, the inm-r narrow, spatulate, ernar-
ginate, counivent-erect and involute, each bearing 3 stamens at the claw-
like base; ovary glabrous. Rocky Mountain's of Colorado to Utah and
Nevada.
ERIOGOXUX MULTICEPS, Ker. T. & G., I c., p. 166. Clothed with very
white appressed wool ; branches of the caudex short, assurgent, leafy ;
leaves oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, gradually attenuated into the
petiole ; scape 3'-5' high ; head bracteate ; bracts unequal, 1 or 2 of them
often surpassing the involucres ; flowers small ; involucres 5-10, tubu-
lose, 5-toothed ; calyx white or r brownish yellow, or tinged with red,
somewhat woolly ; segments obovate-cuueate, retuse ; filaments nearly
smooth. Southern Colorado, Brandegee.
ERIOGOXUX PAUCIFLORUM, Piirsli. T. & G., I c., p. 166. Becoming
smooth, with the aspect of Armeria ; branches of the caudex very short,
crowded; leaves linear or subspatulate, re volute- margined, attenuated
into a petiole, at length nearly smooth; scape 4'-6' high, bearing a single
head; involucres 5-10, turbinate-campanulate, 5-toothed; calyx white,
glabrous, segments oval; filaments pubescent below. South Park, Canty;
Hoopes.
ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM, Xutt. T. if- ., I c., p. 170. Shrubby, rather
low, (rarely 1 high,) very much branched from the base ; tomentuin
floccose, sometimes rather thin; branches erect or assurgent, but the
cyme either crowded or effuse; leaves narrowly oblong and linear; flow-
ers white or rose-colored, rarely dull yellow, seldom over 1" in length,
usually rather thick at base after flowering, glabrous within, the seg-
ments obovate, inner ones at least emargiuate or retuse ; ovary often
scabrous above on the angles.
Yar. FENDLERIANIDI, Beuth. Leaves broad, F-1J' long, "-Z" wide;
involucres 2" long, in an ample loose cyme. Canon City, Brandegee.
Pueblo, Greene.
Yar. BFFUSUM, T. & G., (E. effusum, :N T utt, PL Garni}., 1. c., p. 172.)
122 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
More woolly ; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, margins more or less rev-
olute; cyme many-flowered, decompound, effuse-paniculate ; rays usually
longer 5 flowers white. Common on the plains and foot-hills. Denver,
Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City, Brandegse. Canby.
Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
ERIOGONUM BREVICAULE, Nutt. T. & G.j I c., p. 172. Caespitose ;
shrubby, the woody leafy- branches very short or depressed, bearing a
naked elongated herbaceous scape-like peduncle; leaves l'-2i' long and
l"-5" broad, linear, oblong-linear or narrowly spatulate-oblauceolate, at-
tenuate into a slender petiole, white-woolly on both sides or becoming
glabrous above, the margins at length mostly revolute; scapes rigid,
S'-IO' high, the cyme repeatedly umbeled or trichofcomous, calyculately
bracted at the nodes; peduncles and the 5-toothed oblong or cyathiform-
campanulate involucres (lJ"-2" long) glabrous or some glabrate; calyx
glabrous within, white or rose-color or sometimes bright yellow, the seg-
ments obovate-oblong and nearly equal. "From the head-waters of the
Platte to New Mexico."
ERIOGONUM ANNUUM, Nutt. T. & G., 1. c., p. 173. Covered with a
close white wool ; stems tall, l-3 high, strict, leafy below ; leaves ob-
long, attenuated at the base, numerous, short-petioled ; cymes decom-
pound; flowers numerous; involucres snowy-woolly, glabrous within,
teeth 5, short ; calyx white, furnished at base with long, delicate, arach-
noid wool, segments unequal, outer ones much larger, broadly obovate,
inner ones oblong; bracteoles slightly plumose. Plains around Denver,
Dr. Smith. Around Colorado Springs, Porter. Canby. Hall (fe Harbour,
501.
ERIOGONUM CERNUUM, Nutt. T. & G., 1. c., p. 182. Annual, slender,
4'-15' high ; leaves radical or sometimes cauline, round or obovate, some-
what loiig-petioled, floccose-woolly ; panicle glabrous, widely spreading,
decompound, usually very -many -flowered ; pedicels soon deflexed
smooth, 2-3 times longer than the campanulate, glabrous, many-flowered
involucre; bractlets setaceous, short, subnaked; calyx white or pinkish,
glabrous G-cleft, turbinate and acute at base, the outer segments square,
emarginate or retuse, scarcely exceeding the oblong half-as-wide inner
ones. Involucres not over V long ; flowers scarcely as long and often
much shorter, and well marked by the top-shaped base. Hall & Har-
bour, 503 ; Canby. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee.
ERIOGONUM GORDONI, Benth. T. & G., 1. c., p. 185. Glabrous
throughout; leaves subcoriaceous, round; peduncles several- from the
root, short, repeatedly divided above into an ample, loose dichotomous
panicle, branches slender, pedicels subcapillary, 9"- 14" long, erect ;
flowers 2-3, white, very small ; involucre turbinate-campanulate, 5-
toothed ; outer segments of the very smooth calyx ovate, a little longer
than the oblong inner ones ; bractlets minutely glandulose. Canon
City, Brandegee. Plains about Pueblo, Greene.
ERIOGONUM TENELLUM, Torr. T. & G., 1. c., p. 180. Csespitose from
a much branched woody caudex ; leaves crowded, ovate or rounded,
white-tomentose ; scape and spreading panicle smooth; bracts very
small; pedicels elongated, erect; involucres l%"-2^" long, rather many
flowered; flowers white, the segments retuse, unequal, the outer broad
obovate or rounded ; bractlets villous. "Colorado to New Mexico. 7 '
OXYRIA DIGYNA, Campd. Hall & Harbour, 4D4; Parry. Giay ? s
Peak, Dr. Smith. Mount Lincoln, at lo.Cl'O feet altitude, and -Horse Shoe
Mountain, at 11,000 feet, Coulter.
RUMEX VENOSUS. Pursh. DO. Prodr. 14, p. 43. Stem branched, 1
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 123
high ; leaves thick, flat, glabrous, petioled, the lowest ovate-subcordate
at base, the rest ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute, attenuate at base ; pani-
cle leafy only at base; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary, simple,
sessile, the fascicles 3-8-flowered ; flowers perfect, on capillary pedicels
jointed at the base and equaling the valves ; valves equal, orbicular,
deeply cordate, entire, closely reticulate- veined, destitute of a callus, be-
coming greatly dilated. Leaves often 4' long and lJ'-2' wide, on rather
short petioles; valves bright rose-color at maturity, 9"-12" in diameter;
outer sepals finally deflexed, about equaling the sinus of the valves.
Hall & Harbour, 495.
RUMEX LONGIFOLIUS, DC. Prodr. 14, p. 44. Stout, 3-5 high ; leaves
elongated, acute, undulate, the lowest oblong, subcordate, or obtuse at
base,6'-15' long^M/ wide, long-petioled, the upper lanceolate, attenuate
at each end, and the uppermost linear ; petioles flat above, with a thin
linear margin; panicle simple, leafless above, the racemes sessile; valves
about 2J" in diameter, broad-ovate, slightly cordate, obtuse, finely reti-
culated, subentire, without callosities. Hall & Harbour, 499. Very com-
mon on Bear Creek and Horse Shoe Mountain, Coulter.
RUMEX SALICIFOLIUS, Wemm.Hall & Harbour, 490 and 498. Canon
City, Brandegee. Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Oro
City and plains of the Platte, Coulter.
RUMEX MARITIMUS, L. "Subalpine," Hall & Harbour, 497. Head of
Clear Creek, at 10,000 feet altitude, Coulter. Pueblo, Greene.
RUMEX ACETOSELLA, L. Greeley, Greene.
POLYGONUM ERECTUM, L. (P. aviculare, L., var. erect urn, Roth.) Wat-
son, Rev. ofPolyg., Am. Nat, 1, p. 664. Erect or ascending, glabrous, l -2
high or more, pale or yellowish; leaves oblong or oval, 6"-30" long,
usually obtuse; flowers mostly l|" long, on more or less exserted pedi-
cels; sepals rarely 6; stamens 5-6; acheniuin broadly ovate to lanceo-
late, dull and granular or nearly smooth. Around Denver, Dr. Smith.
Canon City, Brandegee. ^"orth Park, Hay den. Western's Pass, Coulter.
Colorado Springs, Porter.
POLYGONUM RAMOSissniUM, MX. Colorado Springs, Porter. On the
Platte near Denver, Coulter.
PoLYGONini TENUE, MX. Hall & Harbour, 492 ; Meelian. Colorado
Springs, Porter. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
POLYGONUM IMBRICATUM, Nutt. Wateon, 1. c., p. 665. Low, slender,
often diffusely branched, l'-S' high; leaves narrowly linear; spikes
dense; bracts loosely imbricated, linear or oblong, 2"-4" long, with some-
times a narrow, scarious margin, acute; stamens 3 or 5; style one-third
as long as the ovary. Alpine and subalpine. Hall c- Harbour, 493;
"Blue River, on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains.' 7
POLYGONUM AMPHIBIUM, L., var. TERRESTRE, Willd. Near Denver,
Dr. Smith. Near Colorado Springs, Porter.
POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM, L. Greeley, Greene..
POLYGONUM INCARNATUM, Ell. Cafioii City, Brandegee. Plains of
the Platte, Coulter.
POLYGONUM VIVIPARUM, L. Hall & Harbour. 491. Xear Denver, Dr.
Smith. Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
POLYGONUM BISTORTA, L. DC. Prod 14, p. 125, Rhizoina thick and
twisted; stems annual, very simple; sheaths long and striately nerved;
leaves glabrous or puberulent beneath, the lowest cordate obtuse, with
a long-winged petiole, the upper subsessile, the highest linear or abor-
124 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
tive; spike dense, oblong, obtuse ; pedicels exceeding the flowers; sta-
mens exserted.
Yar. OBLONGIFOLIUM, Meisn. Stem simple, 6'-2 high ; leaves glab-
rous, the lowest oblong, the blade 3'-S' long, l'-2' broad, scarcely decur-
rent by an abruptly attenuate base into a very long petiole ; spike
oblong, '-2' long. Hall & Harbour, 490. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. San-
gre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet altitude,
Coulter. Parry ; B. H. Smith. Twin Lakes, Porter.
POLYGONUM DUMETORUM, L. Caiion City, Brandegee. Foot-hills
near Denver, Coulter.
SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS, L. Hall & Harbour, 506. Twin Lakes,
Coulter.
SHEPHERDIA ARGENTEA, Kutt. Green Horn Kiver, Greene, 1873.
SANTAI.ACEJE.
COMANDRA PALLIDA. DC. Prod. 14, p. 666. Steins from a woody
caudex. herbaceous, striate, erect, 6'-W' high, branched above ; leaves
alternate, bluish, somewhat punctate on the margin, lower elliptical-
oblong, mucronate-acute, 8"-12" long, 2 // -3 // wide, uppermost usually
linear-lanceolate, S"-!!)" long, about V wide ; bracts linear-lanceolate,
2". long; pedicels slender, V long; flower as in C. umbellata, but the
lobes more papillose-velvety, especially on the margin and within ;
calyx-lobes erect, spreading; fruit 3" in diameter with a subfleshy
epicarp. Hall & Harbour, 507 ; Meehan. Saint Train Canon, Coulter.
ARCEIJTHOBIUM 1 AMERICANUM, Nutt. Engelm, in Boston Jour. Nat.
Hist., 6, p. 214. Slender, fasciculately branched, greenish-yellow ;
flowers often verticillate; male flowers almost always terminal on short
branchlets, crowded, rarely axillary; berry 1" long. On Pinus contorta,
from Colorado northward and westward ; flowers in August and Sep-
tember, maturing its fruit in 12-13 months. Delicately fasciculate,
much branched plants, V or, 2'-3 > high. Meehan. Mount of the Holy
Cross, Coulter.
ARCEUTHOBIUM ROBUSTUM, Engelm. in Revision Arceuth. ined. Stout>
spiked-branched, olive or brownish-green; flowers opposite, spiked;
berry 2J" long. On Pinus ponderosa, from Colorado southward and
westward ; flowers in June, maturing in 15-16 months. Stouter and
darker colored than the last, S'-l' high ; flowers and fruit much larger.
Hall & Harbour, 574. Meehan; Woolson.
EUPHORBIACE.E.
EUPHORBIA LATA, Engelm. DC. Prod. ,15, 2dpt., p. 18. Canescentwith
appressed pubescence; stems from a woody rootstock, spreading, short,
rigid, dichotomously very much branched, 3'-&' high ; lower iuteruodes
longer than the leaves, uppermost very short; leaves very short-petioled,
1 AKCEUTHOBIUM, M. Bieb. Dioecious. Male flowers mostly 3-parted. Anthers ad-
nate to the middle of the lobes, 1-celled, with one circular opening ; pollen grains spinu-
lose. Female flowers mostly 2-parted 7 inferior; ovary ovoid, compressed. Stigma
oval or conic. Fruit ovoid, somewhat compressed, opening at base, on an exsert
recurved peduncle. Small yellowish or greenish-brown shrubs, parasitic on Coniferce,
with 4-angled compressed joints ; opposite leaves reduced to small connate scales ;
fructification biennial.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 125
triangular-ovate from a somewhat oblique, abruptly attenuated base, or
oblong, obtuse, with re volute margins; stipules triangular-lanceolate,
ciliate; involucre axillary, solitary, canipanulate, hairy on the outside
and in the throat, lobes triangular, elongated ; glands ovate with a very
narrow tabulate appendage; style short, 2-parted, somewhat thickened
at the apex; capsule hirsute with appressed hairs; carpels obtusely cari-
nate; seed oblong, 4-angled, transversely wriukled. Purgatory Elver,
Dr. Btll.
EUPHORBIA PETALOIDEA, Engelm. DC. Prod., 15, 2d pt., p. 28. Glab-
rous; stems dichotomous, procumbent or ascending; leaves attenuate to
the scarcely oblique base, oblong-linear or linear, elliptic, 5"-7" long,
lJ"-2" broad, obtuse, mucronulate, entire ; stipules subulate, somewhat
entire; involucres, solitary, on pedicels about their own length, campanu-
late, lobes hairy beneath the glands within, minutely-ciliate, triangular,
acute; glands suborbiculate, concave, with an entire ovate appendage 3
times their breadth; style short, bifid; the carpels of the depressed
capsule rounded; seed ovate, acute, obsoletely 4-angled. Hall & Har-
bour, 512. Canon City, Brandegee. Near Denver, Dr. Smith; B. H.
Smith.
EUPHORBIA FEXDLERI,T. & G. DC. Prod., 15, 2d pt., p. 38. Glabrous,
from a slender, short, somewhat woody root-stock; stems numerous, deli-
cately filiform, rather rigid, erect or decumbent, much branched dichoto-
mously 2'-4' high ; leaves lJ"-2" long, ovate from a rounded base, obtuse,
entire, stipules subulate, often laciniate at base; involucres terminal, soli-
tary, turbiuate, slightly bearded in the throat, lobes short, ovate, fim-
briate; glands transversely oblong with a very narrow obsolete append-
age; style short, divaricate, bifid; capsule 1" broad, furnished with a
small, somewhat 6-lobed calyx; carpels obtusely carinate ; seed ovate,
4-augled, irregularly scrobiculate-punctate. Hail & Harbour , 513.
EUPHORBIA REVOLUTA, Engelm. DC. Prod. 15, 2d pt., p. 46. Glab-
rous; stem erect, filiform, naked below, much branched above the middle,
4 / -5 / high; leaves 5"-12" long, J" wide, narrowly linear, entire, obtuse,
revolute on the margins, attenuated below, base rather oblique, short-
petioled; stipules subulate, entire; involucres very small, uppermost in
the forks of the branches and terminal, somewhat truncate, short-cam-
panulate, lobes triangular-lanceolate, ciliate; glands purple, 3 or 4 times
broader than the whitish or reddish, oblong appendage; styles short,
bifid; capsule glabrous, acute, carinate, J" long; seed oblong, sharply
4-angled, sparingly and irregularly rugose! Canon City, Brandegee.
EUPHORBIA ^IACULATA, L. Plains near Denver, Coulter.
EUPHORBIA OLYPTOSPERMA, E u gel m. Canon City, Brandegee. Colo-
rado Springs, Porter. Canby. i'fear Denver, Dr. Smith.
EUPHORBIA HEXAGONA, Nutt. DC. Prod., 15, 2d pt., p. 52. Somewhat
hairy with scattered appressed hairs; stem slender, 1-1 high, erect,
annual; branches opposite and dichotomous, striate-angled, lower ones 6'
long ; leaves all opposite, short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, attenuate at
each end, acute, mucronulate, entire, lower ones with the petiole lj' long,
2"-2" wide; fioral ones very narrowly linear; stipular glands minute;
invofucre hairy without and' in the throat, short, many cleft; glands 5,
transversely ovate, with a green ovate-triangular, acute appendage,
twice their length; styles very short, capitate and somewhat 2-lobed at
the apex; carpels of the smooth capsule (2" long) obtusely carinate; seed
ovate, finely scrobiculate and tuberculate. On the plains. Hall & Har-
bour, 511. Plains near Denver, Porter.
EUPHORBIA MARGINATA, Pursh. Hall & Harbour, 508. Plains near
126 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
Denver, Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Very
abundant on the plains around Colorado Springs, Porter.
EUPHORBIA OBTUSATA, Pursh. Canon City, Brandegee.
EUPHORBIA DICTYOSPERMA, Fisch. & Meyer. Hall & Harbour, 510.
Eastern Colorado, Porter.
EUPHORBIA MONTANA, Engelrn. DC. Prod., 15, 2d pt.. p. 148. Perenni-
al, very glabrous, glaucous; stems many from a thick root- stock, ascending,
leafy, shortly branched from the upper axils or often simple, 8'-15' high ;
leaves scattered, rather thick, subsessile, entire, rounded at base, 4"-15"
long, ovate, obtuse, the uppermost subverticillate ; floral bracts orbiculate,
triangular, rarely subcordate, very obtuse, mucrouulate, broader than
long; inflorescence umbellate, the rays becoming repeatedly dichoto-
mous; involucre turbiuate, roughish within, the lobes oblong-linear,
velvety; glands transversely oblong, truncate, very shortly 2-horned;
styles very short, bifid, thickened at the apex ; capsule 2" long, ovate,
smooth; seeds oblong, superficially pitted, caruncle shortly conical. Hall
& Harbour, 509; Parry, 438. Near Denver, Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith;
Canby; Meehan. Cation City, Brandegee. Colorado Springs, Porter.
Boulder Canon, Clear Creek Canon, and plains of the Platte, Coulter.
TRAGIA NEPET^EFOLIA, Miiller. DC. Prod., 15, 2d pt., p. 933. Low, erect
or ascending; petioles 4-10 times shorter than the blade; blade lobate-den-
tate below, otherwise coarsely dentate; racemes short; bracts lanceolate ;
divisions of the pistillate calyx ovate or lanceolate; anthers oblong; fila-
ments not thickened at the summit; ovary strigose-hirsute; styles con-
nate about one-third their length, rather shortish, erect-spreading, sub-
acuminate.
Yar. RAMOSA, Miiller. DC., I. c., 934. (T. ramosa, Torr., in Ann. F. Y.
Lye. 2, p. 245.) Hirsute, erect, much branched, 6'-8' high; stem slender,
at length nagelliforni-elon gated, weak and somewhat twining; leaves
triangular-ovate from a cordate base or oftener lanceolate, gradually ac-
curninate, 8"-12" long. Hall & Harbour, 309. Canon City, Brandeyee ;
Redjield; Greene.
CROTON (HENDECANDRA) TEXENSIS, Miiller. DC. Prod., 15, 2d pt., p.
692 ( C. muricatus, Eutt.) Covered with a close, canescent, stellate pubes-
cence, dichotomously branched and spreading, l-2 high; leaves peti-
oled, lance-ovate, oblong or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, I'-l-J'
long, entire or repand ; dioecious, racemes of male flowers short, pedun-
culate, somewhat interrupted; glands of the disk compressed obovoid,
not coherent, shortly adnate to the calyx; filaments pilose; ovary stel-
late-tomentose, softly muricate; styles twice or thrice dichotomously
2-parted. On the plains. Hall & Harbour, 514. Banks of the Platte,
near Denver, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith ; Porter. Canon City, Brandegee
ARGYROTHAMNIA 1 HUMILIS, Mull. DC. Prod., 15, 732. (Apliora
humilis, Eng. & Gr. PI. Lind., 1, p. 54.) Stem about I 6 high, much
branched, silky or strigose-pubesceut, branches spreading, ascending,
compressed, angled; leaves narrowed at the base, spatulate or obovate-
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, sparingly pubescent, with
appressed hairs; raceme shortened, much shorter than the leaves, on
very short peduncles; pedicels of the male flowers very short, of the
fertile thrice shorter than the calyx. Pueblo, Greene.
I ARGYROTHAMNIA, Miill. DC. Prod., 15. Male calyx valvate; female imbricated.
Petals alternate with the calyx-segments ; evolute or rarely suppressed. Glands of
tlie disk opposite the divisions of the calyx, alternate with the petals. Female disk
hypogonous, free ; male free or connate with the stamineal column. Stamens cen-
tral, outer ones opposite the 5 petals ; anthers dehiscent on each side. Rudiment of
an ovary none. Ovules 1 in each cell ; carpels 3, 2-valved ; seeds globose, not arilled.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 127
URTICACEAE.
CELTIS OCCIDENTALS, L. Gray j s Manual, p. 443. Canon City, Bran-
degee.
URTICA GRACILIS, Ait. Gray's Manual, p. 444. Plains of the Platte,
Coulter.
URTICA DIOICA, L. Gray's Manual, p. 444. Sierra Madre Eange, at
10,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
PARIETARIA PENNSYLVANIA, Muhl. Gray's Manual, p. 446. Canon
City, Brandegee. Median.
HUMULUS LUPULUS, L. Gray's Manual, p. 446. Hoopes. Along the
Platte, Porter. In the Sierra Madre Eange, at 10,000 feet altitude, Coul-
ter. Webster Canon, Redjield.
CUPULIFER.E.
QUERCUS ALBA, L., var. GUNNISONI, Torr. Pacif. E. R. Rep. 2, p. 130.
Shrub 6-10 high; leaves oblong, somewhat coriaceous, with a minute,
yellowish, downy pubescence underneath, 3'-5' long, with 3-4 pairs of
rather narrow oblong subequal lobes ; lobes subentire, obtuse; fruit on
a long peduncle; cup hemispherical, about 5" broad and 3" deep; acorn
smaller than that of Q. alba, usually 9" long and 5" in diameter, some-
times much shorter and scarcely exceeding the cup. There is a great
diversity of views among botanists as to the true position of this oak.
Mr. Watson (Amer. Nat. 7, p. 372) regards it as one of the many varieties
of Q. undulata, Torr., but it seems so widely different in the shape and
section of its leaves and size of the fruit from the figure of that species
as given in Ann. X. Y. Lye. 2, pi. 4, that we prefer to retain the old
name for the present. At the base of the foot-hills, covering the dry
slopes. The most common scrub-oak. Canby ; Hall & Harbour ; Porter ;
Coulter.
QUERCUS EMORYI, Torr., in Emory's Rep., p. 152, pi. 9. A low shrub;
leaves coriaceous, oblong, on very short petioles, l'-2' long, variable in
size, remotely and repandly toothed, or in the younger ones with deeper
and crowded teeth; teeth short, bristle-pointed; glabrous above, yel-
lowish-do wny beneath; fruit pedunculate, solitary and in pairs; acorn
ovoid or ovoid-oblong, mucronate ; the scales appressed. Canon City,
Brandegee.
CORYLUS ROSTRATA, Ait. Hall tfc Harbour, 516.
BETFI.ACE.E.
BETULA OCCIDENTALS, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am., 2, p. 155. Watson iuKhiffn
Rep., vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 35. Shrub 8-12 high ; branches dark reddish-
brown, sprinkled with resinous warts; leaves I'-IJ' long, 9 // -15 // wide,
thin, broadly ovate, acute, truncate or ctmeate at base, smooth above,
lighter colored beneath, petioles, margins and veins somewhat hairy,
not punctate, irregularly toothed or serrate, serratures short and glandu-
larly mucrouate ; petioles slender, 3"-(j" long ; fruiting ainents cylindri-
cal, 9 // -12 // long; peduncles suberect, leafy, 3"-5" long; scales pubes-
cent, ciliate, the lateral lobes divergent, quadrangular; seeds with
wings twice broader than the body. Hall & Harbour, 518; Canby ;
Porter. Along the Platte near Denver, Coulter.
BETULA GLANDULOSA, MX. " Subalpine," Hall & Harbour, 517. Twin
Lakes, Porter. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
ALNUS VIRIDIS, Ait. Hall & Harbour, 519.
ALNUS IXCANA, \Villd. Ute Pass, Porter.
128 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
SAL.ICACE.E.
SALIX NIGRA, Marsh., var. AMYGDALOIDES, Anders. DC. Prod., 16, 2d
pt., p. 201. Fertile aments spreading, thiekish; scales sparingly pilu ,< ;
leaves broadly lanceolate, long and sharply attenuate-acuminate, of leu
subfalcate, very smooth, glaucous beneath ; capsules long-pedicel< j d,
very glabrous. * Eesembles S. lucida. A shrub or small tree, conn u>.i
along the PI a tte. Dr. Smith; Porter.
SALIX LONGIFOLIA, Muhl., var. ARGYROPHYLLA, Xutt. DC. Prod,
16, 2d pt., p. 214. Leaves and capsules clothed with a silvery-shining
tomeutum, becoming glabrate with age, Banks of the Platte, Dr. Smith ;
B. H. Smith; Porter. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
SALIX DISCOLOR. Muhl. Twin^Lakes, at 10,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SALIX LIVIDA, Wahl., var. OCCIDENT ALIS, Gr. (S. rostrata, Richards.)
Hall & Harbour, 522. Saint Train Canon, Coulter.
SALIX CHLOROPHYLLA, Anders. Twin Lakes and Mount Lincoln, at
11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SALIX CORD AT A, Muhl. Hall & Harbour, 524. Near Denver, Coulttr.
Var. ANGUSTATA, Anders. Bear Creek, 15 miles west of Denver,
Coulter.
SALIX GLAUCA, L. DC. Prod., 16, 2d pt,, p. 280. Shrub of variable
height, often low: aments leafy-peduneled, cylindrical, thickish, rather
dense-flowered; scales acutish or obtuse, fulvous, darker at the apex, vil-
lous with long white hairs; capsules ovate-lanceolate, obtusish, densely
snowy-torn entose, scarcely pedicelled; pedicel about the length of the
nectary; style produced, usually bifid; divisions of the stigmas divari-
cate; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, mostly silky-villous 011 both sides, be-
coming somewhat glaucous beneath, veiny, entire.
Var. SERICEA, Anders. Leaves pilose with silvery hairs, broadly oval,
ovate, obovate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, l'-2' long. " Subalpine,'"
Hall & Harbour, 523. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. Mount Lincoln, at 13,000
feet altitude and White House Mountain, Coulter. South Park, Porter.
Var. PULLATA, Anders. Leaves smoother, glaucous beneath. Ute
Pass and South Park, Porter. Mount Elbert near Twin Lakes, at 12,000
feet altitude, and Sierra Madre Eange, Coulter.
SALIX DESERTORUM,Bichards. DO.Prod.,16,2d pt.,p.281. Low,2-3
high; aments very short, 6" long, subglobose, dense-flowered; scales
pale rose-color, densely white- villous; capsules ovate, conic, white-
woolly, sessile; style 2-parted, brown; leaves narrowly oblong, 6"-12"
in length, 2 // -4 // wide, obtusish, rigid, more or less white-tomentose be-
neath, midrib prominent, yellow ; staminate ameiits very small, 2 // -4 //
jong. Mount Elbert, near Twin Lakes, Porter.
SALIX ARCTICA, Pall., var. BROWNEI, Anders. DC. Prod., 16, 2d pt., p.
286. Dwarf, branches decumbent and much spreading; leaves spatulate-
oblong, oblong, or oblong-elliptical, about V long; aments lateral and sub-
terminal, short, 6"-8" long, on long, leafy peduncles; capsules mostly
grayish-tomentose; style elongated; leaves nearly smooth or hairy, en-
tire or remotely serrulate, pale and very veiny beneath. Hall & Har-
bour, 520; Parry. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. White House Mountain, at
13,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
SALIX RETICULATA, L. DC. Prod., 16, 2d pt., p. 301. Decumbent,
rather stout; branches leafy at the summit; auieut terminal, very long-
peduncled, densely flowered, narrowly cyliudric; peduncle leafy; scales
yellowish -pink, rounded ovate; capsule oval-ovate, sessile, hoary to-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 129
mentose; nectary somewhat cup-shaped, surrounding the base of the
capsule and often exceeding it; style very short or none; stigmas 2-cleft,
brown, divaricate; leaves 6"-9" long, oblong or suborbicular, mostly
rounded at the apex, glaucous beneath, reticulately veined, entire, ob-
tuse at base or subattenuate into along and slender petiole; sterile
aments 2"-4 // long and very loosely flowered ; fertile aments also short,
3"-5" long, densely flowered, on long naked peduncles. Alpine, Hall &
Harbour, 521. Sangre de Oisto Pass. Brandegee.
POPULUS TREMULOIDES, MX. Known as "Quaking Asp," and very
coininon at middle elevations. Hall & Harbour, 527. South Park, Coul-
ter. Dr. Smith.
POPULUS BALSAMIFERA, L., var. CANDICANS, Gr. Commonly called
" Cotton wood." Hall & Harbour, 526; Dr. Smith. Chicago Lakes, Co ul-
ter.
Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Watson. King's Rep., vol. 5, 327. (P. angusti-
foUa, James. Branches terete, glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, atten-
uate at base, acute, glabrous, crenate-serrate. Common along the
Platte. Hall & Harbour, 525. Upper Arkansas, Porter. Canby.
POPULUS ANGULATA, Ait. Very abundant along the Platte near
Denver, Dr. Smith.
CONIFERJg.
PINUS CONTORTA, Dougl. DC. Prod., 16, 2d pt., p. 381. A low tree,
10-30 high; bud-scales lanceolate, acute, sublacerate; sheaths short;
leaves in pairs, l'-2' long, numerous, rigid, erect-spreading, semi-terete
and deeply channeled, inucronate and subacute, scarcely roughish on
the inargiu ; cones 1-4, verticillate, l'-2' long, 10"-15" wide, ovoid, sub-
obtuse, straight or curved, persistent; scales 3"-4" wide, with a shining,
pyramidal, 4-sided summit, the transverse ridge acute, inucronate with
a deciduous, straightish or incurved spine. Newberry in Pacif. R. R.
Rep. Bot, vol. 6, p. 35, pi. 5.
Var. LATIFOLIA, Eng. Mountain form, 15-25 high ; branches short
and few, recurved with age; foliage sparse, often profusely cone-bear-
ing ; allied to the eastern scrub-pine, P. inops, which it closely resem-
bles; known as "Red Pine." 7 Parry remarks: "It is quite abundant on
the crest and slopes of dry subalpine ridges, forming the principal part
of the forest there and extending to near the snow-line; asymmetrical
tree of rapid growth, with slim and tapering trunk a foot in diameter, a
smoothish, grayish-brown bark, detached in thin scales, and tough but
coarse wood, which is liable to warp, and rarely cut into boards ."
Mount of the Holy Cross, Coulter. Twin Lakes, Porter.
Pmus PONDEROSA, Dougl. DC. Prod., 1. c., p. 395. Tall, with wide-
spreading or subpendulous branches, ascending at the ends, somewhat
twisted; bud-scales lanceolate-acuminate, fimbriate-ciliate on the mar-
gin; sheaths rather long; leaves in threes, rather long, 4 / -10 / , and f"-l"
broad, clustered at the ends of the stout rigid brauchlets, scabrous on
the margin, rather sharply mucrouate ; male aments several, fascicled
in heads, long-cylindrical, obtuse, straight or curved; autheriferous
bracts suborbicular, crenate-flentate; cones 3-4. subsessile, subpendulous,
straight or conic-cylindric^'-G' long, lJ'-2' wide; scales I'-IJ 7 long, 6"-9"
wide, the subrhombic summit elevated, radiately cracked, the trans-
verse ridge acute, the inucro stout, sharp and recurved ; bracts persist-
ent, thickened; seed oval, 3"-5" long, the wing oblong, obtuse, I 7 long.
A stately, symmetrical tree, reaching a height of 70 to 100 feet, with a
9 F c
130 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLOE A OF COLORADO.
light red bark, yellowish -brown within, cracking irregularly and cleav-
ing into small, very irregularly shaped scales ; known commonly as the
"Yellow Pine," and a most valuable timber-tree. Common through all
the lower slopes and less elevated districts of the mountains. Newberry,
1. c., p. 36, pi. 4. Hall & Harbour; Porter; Coulter.
FINDS FLEXILIS, James. DC. Prod., I. c., p. 403. Tree of medium size ;
lower branches horizontal, upper ones ascending; bud-scales ovate,
acuminate, subfimbriate; sheaths 6" long, of several ovate and linear-
oblong, obtuse, deciduous scales ; leaves l'-3' (usually 2') long, J" wide,
in fives, densely crowded at the ends of the branchlets, rigid, smooth,
obtusely mucronate ; sterile aments numerous, 3"-5" long, in a thick,
subterminal spike ; cones resinous, 3-4, oval-oblong to ovate-cylindric,
2J'-5' long, l$'-2' broad, obtuse ; scales very broad, 8"-15", with a short
cuueate base, thick, pitted usually on both sides, the compressed sum-
mit terminating in the erect, acute, semicircular, transverse ridge, and
a subrhonibic, acutish umbo; seed 4"-5" long, 2J" wide, pale-colored
with a rudimentary wing. Bark thin, scaly, reddish or sometimes gray.
Rare. Divide west of South Park, Porter. Hall & Harbour, 529.
PINUS ARISTATA, Engelm. DC. Prod., I. c., p. 400. Trans. Acad. Saint
Louis, vol. 2, t. 5 and 6. A tree of medium size, 40-50 high and l-2
in diameter; in alpine situations a stunted bush; leaves in fives,
crowded, erect, curving, 3-augled, smooth, obtusely inucrouate, deep
green, sides marked by a longitudinal, white-glaucous stripe l'-2' long;
sterile aments aggregated, oval, bracteate at base ; cones horizontal,
violet-brown, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, resinous, 3 / -4 / long, 1J 7
broad ; the apophysis of the scales dark-violet, rhombic, not prominent;
transverse ridge acute; umbo small; awn lanceolate-subulate, rather
long, straight ; seeds obovate-oval, convex on both sides, nearly twice
shorter than the obtuse, broadish wing. A species known only from the
alpine regions of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Hall & Harbour;
Parry; Coulter.
PINUS EDTJLIS, Engelm. DC. Prod., /. c., p., 398. A low, round-topped
tree, branched from the base or near it, 10-15 high, very strongly res-
inous; leaves mostly in pairs, rarely in threes, compressed-triqetrous,
semiterete and when dried appearing channeled, always short, rigid,
spreading, curved or straightish, smooth on the margin, niucronate,
pungent, green on the back, white-glaucous, I'-IJ 7 long (rarely 2'); bud-
scales ovate-lanceolate, acute, subentire on the margin, not fimbriate-
conuected, teeth very short, at length lacerate; sterile aments several,
small, oblong, obtusish, densely crowded in a short spike; antheriterous
bracts ovate-orbicular, nearly entire; cones sessile, subglobose, 2' long
and almost as broad ; apophysis of the scales raised-pyramidal, thick,
somewhat 3-angled, truncate at the apex, awnless ; seeds in each scale
2 or solitary, oblong, very convex, subaugled, brown, solid, wingless,
3"_4// i n length, edible. The " Pinon " of the Mexicans. A small, round-
topped tree, branched from the base or nearly so and resembling a small
apple-tree. The wood is full of resin and extremely slow to decay, thus
furnishing excellent fuel for camp-fires. The nutlets, which are about
the size of a pea, are agreeable to the taste, with a slight terebin-
th in ate flavor, and are much sought after by the Indians. It abounds in
Southern Colorado on the foot-hills and at lower elevations. Its north-
ern limit in Colorado appears to be about ten miles south of Twin Lakes,
at the base of the Snowy Range, and at Colorado Springs, east of the
mountains. Hall & Harbour, 532; Porter ; Coulter.
ABIES ENGELMANNI, Parry. (Pinus commutata, Parl. DC. Prod., I. c. f
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 131
p. 417.) Known as "White Pine. 77 Dr. Parry found it "composing
almost the entire forest growth of the mountain slopes of Middle Park
about the head of Grand River ; a magnificent tree, 80 to 100 feet high,
with an even, columnar trunk, below, 2-2 feet in diameter, tapering
upwards, of rapid growth ; bark scaly, smooth, and quite thin, of a
purplish-brown color, full of tannin. The wood is remarkably white
and soft, free from knot and scarcely resinous, preferred for inside
work. 77 A tall tree, 60-100 high, becoming much dwarfed at higher
elevations, pyramidal ; branches verticillate, lower horizontal, the upper
ascending, branchlets puberulent ; bark light-reddish ; wood soft, white ;
leaves solitary, crowded, turned every way, short, curved or straight,
rigid, compressed 4-augled, very short-mucronate, smooth on the angles,
white-punctate 011 the sides beneath the green ; sterile anients thick,
ovate or ovate-cylindrical, obtuse, nearly equaling the leaves; anthe-
riterous bracts almost orbicular, deutate-fiinbriate, ovate-cylindrical,
obtuse; scales numerous, imbricated, subcartilaginous, obovate, rhom-
bic, subtruncate or einarginate, creuulate-eroded ; bracts ovate-oblong,
obtusish, irregularly dentate, 3 times shorter than the scale ; seeds small,
oval, convex on both sides, 3 times shorter than the obovate wing ; cones
2J'-3' long, I 7 1 J' broad, purplish- brown when mature ; nutlets brown,
with an almost violet wing. Closely allied to A. nigra, the "Black
Spruce 77 of the East. Hall & Harbour ; Parry; Coulter ; Hoopes ; Meehan.
ABIES MENZIESII, Liudl. (Pinm, Par!. DC. Prod., 16, /. c., p. 418.) A
tall tree, attaining a height of 100 feet, straight, pyramidal ; branches sub-
verticillate, spreading, upper ones ascending ; leaves solitary, crowded,
turned every way, short, curved or straight, rigid, thickish, compressed,
4-augled, iimcrouate-pungent, marked on each side of the prominent
nerve with a white glaucous line ; sterile aments, thick, oblong, obtuse,
9"-12" long; autheriterous bracts suborbicular, cristate-dentate; leaves
6 // -12 // long; fertile ameuts oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, curving ; cones
solitary or somewhat clustered, subsessile, subnoddiug, cylindrical or
oval, obtuse, 2'-5' long, 12"-15" wide, light-brown, obtuse ; scales thin,
5"_7" wide, oval or sub-rhombic, more or less elongated above, obtuse
or subemargiuate and erose-dentate ; bracts small; seeds V-1%" long;
wing obovate, oblong, obtuse, 4 // -6" long, pale. Known as " Balsam. 77
Parry says : "A finely-shaped tree, though of rather stiff outline, of rapid
growth ; w r ood very compact, but rather coarse-grained aud pitchy ; the
logs taper too rapidly to saw up to advantage.' 7 Cones pendulous from
the ends of the branches ; leaves stouter than in any other allied species,
stiff and very acute ? alinost spinescent. Hall & Harbour, 533 ; Hoopes;
Coulter ; Porter.
ABIES GRANDIS, Liudl. (Pinus, Parl. DC. Prod, 16, /. c., p. 427.) Tall,
pyramidal, with horizontal branches; leaves 6"-l" long, 1" broad, nu-
merous, in two rows, spreading or erect, rigid, straight or curved, more or
less contracted and twisted above the base, obtuse or emarginate, green
and subsulcate above, strongly keeled and glaucous beneath ; cones
2'-3' long, l-2' wide, solitary, erect, oblong, obtuse, greenish ; scales
7//_10" long, 9"-12" broad, horizontal and close-pressed, broad cuueate
and unguiculate, the rounded upper margin subreflexed and usually
resinous, pubescent, much exceeding the obcordate, toothed, short-mu-
cronate bracts; seed 3" long, 2'' wide, obovate, cuueate, angled ; wing
nearly equaling the scale, somewhat 4-sided ; bark rather thin, pale
gray or brownish; wood fine-grained aud tough. Kare in Colorado.
Chiann Canon and Glen Eyrie, Porter. Parry.
ABIES DOUGLASII, Lindl. (Pinus, Parl. DC. Prod, 16, 1 c., p. 430.) A
132 . SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
tall, pyramidal tree, with horizontal, drooping branches ; leaves solitary,
crowded, somewhat 2 rowed, Q"-W long, " wide, numerous, straight
or curved, rigid, flat, linear, obtuse, entire, twisted above the rounded
base ; sterile aments 6"-8" long, approximate, the anther-crest short
lanceolate, erect ; fertile aments purple, the lobed foliaceous bracts long-
exserted, usually reflexed ; cones l'-4' long, I'-IJ' wide, somewhat
clustered, pendulous, obtusish ; scales concave, rounded, entire, pubes-
cent ; bracts long-exserted, biiid, the acuminate, suberose, dentate lobes,
shorter than the cuspidate midnerve ; seed 3" long, acutely margined, a
little shorter than the oblong, obtuse wing. " Abundant through the
eastern mountain district, except on the higher elevations. A very
sightly tree, of the average height of 80 feet, with a graceful oval out-
line ; the spreading branches curving upwards at the extremities.
Wood of slow growth, but very indifferent, inclined to warp and crack,
turning reddish-brown in drying." Known as the " Swamp Pine." Hall
& Harbour, 534 ; Parry; Coulter; Porter.
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, L., var. ALPINA, L. Dr. Smith; Hoopes. Twin
Lakes and Long's Peak, Coulter.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA, L. Hoopes ; Brandegee.
UGOTJVACEJE.
LEMNA MINOR, L. In the Platte, near Denver, Porter.
TYPHACE^E.
TYPIIA LATEFOLIA, L. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
SPARGANIUM SIMPLEX, Huds. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Eugelm. Parry.
POTAMOGETON NATANS, L. Denver, Dr. Smith.
POTAMOGETON PERFOLIATUS, L., var. LANCEOLATUS, Bobbins,
Gratfs Manual, p. 488. Growing on the bottom of Twin Lakes, Coulter.
Brandegee; Dr. Smith.
AL.ISUIACE.E.
TRIGLOCHIN PALTJSTRE, L. Hall & Harbour, 540. South Park, Porter.
TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMUM, ~L.Hall & Harbour, 541. Canon City, Bran-
degee. South Park, Coulter; Porter.
SAGITTARIA VARIABILIS, Eng. Divide between Denver and Colorado
Springs, Porter.
ORCHIDACEJB.
HABENARIA HYPERBOREA, E. Br. Hall & Harbour, 535. Mount El-
bert, near Twin Lakes, at 10,000 feet altitude, Horse Shoe Mountain, and
in the Sierra Madre Range, Coulter. Ute Pass, Porter.
HABENARIA DIL AT AT A, Gr. Neehan. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
Wet Mountain Valley, Redfield.
HABENARIA OBTUSATA, Lindl. Hall & Harbour, 536; Parry. Twin
Lakes, at an elevation of 10,000 feet, Coulter.
GOODYERA MENZIESII, Lindl. Golden, Greene; Eedjield.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 133
SPIRANTHES BOMANZOFFIANA, Cham. Hall & Harbour, 539; Canby ;
Hoopes. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Meehan. Horse Shoe Moun-
tain, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
LISTERA CORD AT A, E. Br. West of Denver, Greene.
CALYPSO BOREALTS, Salisb. Hall & Harbour, 537. South Park ; Wet
Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
CORALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA, Nutt. Green Horn Mountains, Greene
CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLOBUM, Salisb. Wet Mountain Valley, Bran-
degee.
CYPRIPEDITJM PUBESCENS, Willd. Foot-hills near the Platte, west
of Denver, Coulter.
HYPOXYS JUNCEA, Smith. Sparingly hairy; leaves filiform; scapes
1-3, filiform, 1-2 flowered; bracts bristle-like, shorter than the villous
pedicels, divisions of the perianth oblong, the three exterior ones green-
ish and hairy without; partitions of the capsule vanishing at maturity;
seeds black, minutely pitted. Scape 4'-9' long, at length procumbent.
Flowers 9 // -12 // wide. Grape Creek, Brandegee.
IRIDAf E,E.
IRIS TENAX, Dougl. ? Dr. Smith; Brandegee; Hall & Harbour, 542.
SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA, L. Colorado Springs, Porter. Bear
Creek, Coulter.
SMII.ACE JE.
SMIL AX ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. Colorado Springs, Porter.
ZYGADENUS GKLAUCUS, Kutt. Hall & Harbour, 550; Canby ; Porter.
Mount La Plata, at 11,000 feet altitude, and Mount Lincoln, at 13,000
feet, Coulter.
ZYGADENUS ^UTTALLII, Gr. (Amianthium Xuttallii, Gray. Var. a.
Ann.y. Y. Lye., 4, p. 123.) Bulb tunica ted; stem 8 / -20 / high, slender, with
several elongated narrowly-linear bracteiform leaves, which are semi-
amplexicaul or the lower slightly sheathing; lower leaves 2 // -4 // wide,
folded-carinate, usually shorter than the stem, rough on the margin ;
raceme simple, usually very short, l'-3' long, rarely 10'; flowers
crowded, bracteate, on slender, elongated pedicels ; lower bracts usually
foliaceous, the upper membranous; sepals lj^-3" long, ovate- ellipti-
cal, very obtuse, abruptly narrowed, and slightly glandular at base;
ovary-cells 12-14 ov tiled; capsule oblong-ovate, (V long; seeds 2J" long,
oblong. Hall & Harbour, 551. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Clear
Creek Canon, Coulter.
STREPTOPUS AMPLEXIFOHUS, DC. Hall & Harbour, 543. Bear
Creek, Coulter.
S3HLACINA RACEMOSA, Desf., var. AMPLEXICAULIS, Watson. King's
Rep., vol. 5, p. 345. (8. amplexicauUs, Nutt. Jour. Acad., Phil. 7, p. 58.)
Leaves closely sessile and amplexicaul, shortly acuminate or only acute;
style at least half as long as the ovary and equaling the stamens. Dis-
tinguished at once from the usual form by its less acuminate sessile
leaves and longer style and filaments. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Along the Platte, near Denver, Coulter.
134 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
SMILACINA STELLATA, Desf. Hall & Harbour, 544. Wet Mountain
Valley, Brandegee. Near Denver, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith. Colorado
Springs, Porter ; Meehan. Saint Vrain River, Clear Creek and Middle
Boulder, Coulter.
LILIUM PHILADELPHIOUM, L. Bear Creek and Platte Eiver, just
within the foot-hills, Coulter. Chiann Canon, Porter.
CALOCHORTUS 1 GuNNisoNi, Watson. King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 348,
fC. venustus, var. Torr. Bot. Gunnison's Rep. Pac. R. R. Surv., 2, p. 130.)
Petals rounded at the apex, white above, yellowish -green below the
middle and dark purple at base, strongly bearded with lougish, gland-
tipped hairs, which are also dark purple at base, the densely hairy
laud transverse and occupying nearly the whole width of the petal ;
aathers 5" long, rather exceeding the somewhat dilated filaments, ob-
long-lanceolate, subcordate at base, narrowed above into an awn-like
termination or acute; immature capsule narrowly oblong, attenuate
above. Stem 6'-20' high, simple, 1-4 flowered with 1-3 narrowly linear,
revolute leaves, 2 / -4 / long, the radical ones (1-few) longer (8'-12',) and
usually broader (4".) Hall & Harbour, 549 ; Parry. Denver, B. H.
Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Meehan. Plains of the Platte, Pleas-
ant Park, South Park, and Weston's Pass, Coulter.
LLOYDIA 2 SEROTINA, Reich. 'Kunth. Enum., 4, p. 244. Stem 1-2 flow-
ered, slender, erect or ascending, 2'-5' high; radical leaves filiform,
equaling or longer than the stem, somewhat rigid, triangular, semi-
terete or teretish, cauline ones short, linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul and
somewhat sheathing ; sepals 4 // -5 // long, obovate, with 3 purplish lines.
Alpine. Pike's Peak. Hall & Harbour, 552 ; Porter. Gray's Peak,
at 1,200 feet altitude, Coulter; Red field.
ERYTHRONIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pursh. Leaves 4 / -8 / long, l'-2'
wide, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, somewhat rough-margined, not spot-
ted or punctate ; scape 6'-l5' high, 1 (or more) flowered; segments yel-
low, O^-lo" long, narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed; stigma capitate
or more or less 3-cleft and spreading; capsule 9"-18" long, 4"-5" wide,
oblong or obovoid, subtriangular, on a short stipe. White House Moun-
tain, at 13', 000 feet altitude, August, in flower, and Sierra Madre Range,
at 11,000 feet, in fruit, Coulter.
'CALOCHORTUS, Pursh. (Including Cydobothm, Sweet.) Perianth 6-parted, regular,
deciduous, ventricose or broadly campanulate ; sepals distinct, convolute in aestivation,
the outer smaller, often greenish, oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, spreading,
usually beardless, the inner broadly obovate, cuneate and subunguiculate, bearded
within and with a glabrous spot or nectariferous pit above the base. Stamens 6, in-
serted at the base of the sepals. Filaments subulate. Anthers linear-oblong, deeply
perforated at the base for the insertion of the filament, erect, versatile. Ovary free,
triangular, scarcely attenuate at the apex, 3-celled with numerous horizontal anatro-
pous ovules in two rows. Stigmas 3, sessile or sub-sessile, narrow, folded, recurved,
persistent. Capsule triangular, coriaceous-chartaceous, septicidally 3-valved. Seeds
usually in one row, somewhat compressed, angular, with a loose, cellular testa.
Embryo straight, terete, eccentric. Herbs with tunicated bulbs, erect, somewhat
branched, leafy, few-flowered stems, narrow and acuminate leaves, and terminal
flowers.
2 LLOYDIA, Salisb. Perianth 6-parted, regular, persistent ; sepals distinct, subequal,
spreading, with a transverse margined nectariferous fold above the base, imbricate in
aestivation. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the sepals, erect-spreading ; filaments
subulate-filiform ; anthers oblong, rounded at the apex, deeply perforated at the emar-
ginate base for the insertion of the filament, erect, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent
along each margin. Ovary free, clavate-oblong, triangular, 3-celled, the ovules nu-
merous, in two rows, horizontal, anatropous. Style persistent ; stigma rather thick,
shortly 3-lobed. Capsule ob ovate-elliptical, triangular, papyraceous, loculicidally
3-valved at the apex. Seeds in two rows in each cell, flattened, with a brown, mern-
branously margined testa and very small embryo. Bulbous herbs, stem simple, leafy;
leaves narrow and grass-like ; flowers erect, white, with purple or greenish veins.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 135
LEUCOCRINUM l ZNIOXTANUM, "KTutt. Leaves 6'-8' long, l"-3" wide,
flat or somewhat folded toward the base, thick, finely striate-veined,
decumbent-, outer bracts broad, acute or obtuse, the inner narrower and
elongated; flowers 4-8, much shorter than the leaves ; peduncles J'-lj'
long, all radical, one-flowered; tube persistent, l'-2' long, filiform, seg-
ments of the limb 6"-12" long, oblong-lanceolate, acute; anthers linear,
about "2" long; style equaling the filaments; capsule 3"-4"m diameter.
Abundant on the plains east of the mountains. A charming little plant
with delicate, snow-white, fragrant flowers which appear in early
spring. Hall & Harbour, 548. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee. Plains around Denver, Coulter. Watson in King's Rep.,
vol. 5, pi. 36.
ALLIUM CERXUTTM, Roth. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs
and South Park, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Hall & Harbour, 547 ;
Meehan; Canby. Common on the plains near Fairplay, Coulter.
ALLIUM RETICULATUM, Fraser. Watson in Rev. King's Rep., vol.
5, p. 486. Coats densely fibrous; pcape 6'-15' high, sub terete; leaves
very narrowly linear, elongated; umbel few-many-flowered, spread-
ing; stamens and style shorter than the usually acute (3"-4" long)
sepals; capsule crested, crest mostly short ; very variable.
Var. , (Watson.) Low, 6'-8' high; sepals 3" long, white or slightly
pinkish, acuminate. Hall & Harbour, 545. Wet Mountain Valley, Bran-
degee. Monument Park, Coulter.
Var. , (Watson.) Taller, 10'-15' high, slender; bulb less densely
fibrous; sepals white or pink, 3 7/ 4" long, acuminate and strongly cari-
uate, sometimes but little exceeding the stamens. Hall & Harbour, 546.
Var. Y-) (Watson.) Like the last, but the pedicels rather more slender;
sepals usually more recurved and the whole lower stem with the bulb
thickly fibrous-coated. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Weston's
Pass, Coulter.
YUCCA A^GrUSTiFOLiA, Pursh. Engelm. Rev. in King's Rep., vol. 5,
p. 496. Stems none or short; leaves narrowly linear, scarcely nar-
rowed above the broad base, rigid, spiny-pointed, nearly flat above,
convex below, with very slender marginal fibres, 1J-2J long; flowers
spiked; petals broad-ovate, IJ'-lf long; stigmas half as long as the
ovary, sessile, erect; capsule cylindric-ovate, thick, obtuse, short-pointed,
dry, erect, septicidally 3-valved from the apex, the valves at last again
divided at tip; seeds very thin, smooth, large, 5"-l" in diameter, with a
wide margin; albumen not ruminated. Plains of the Platte, Coulter;
Porter. Along the base of the foot-hills, and called by the Mexicans
"Soap Weed."
JUNCACE.E.
LUZULA SPADICEA, DC., var. PARVIFLORA, Ledeb. (L. parviflora,
Desv., var. melanocarpa, Gr. in Manual, p. 536.) Hall & Harbour. 555.
Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude, and Clear Creek Canon, Coulter.
1 LEUCOCRINUM, Xutt. Perianth corolline, salver-shaped, marcesceut ; tube very
slender, elongated ; limb 6-parted, regular. Stamens 6, nearly equal ; filaments adnate
to the tube nearly the whole length, filiform; anthers erect," becoming curved, linear,
2-celled, attached by the emarginate base, introrse, with a lateral dehiseence. Ovary
globose-ovate, 3-celled ; ovules about 12 in each cell, in 2 rows, horizontal or subpendul* >us,
on short foot-stalks. Style filiform, undivided ; stigma dilated into a somewhat tri-
angular cup. Capsule .subglobose, obtusely triangular, membranous, loculicidally de-
hiscent. Seeds 5-6 in each cell, in 2 rows, subglobose. A perennial acaulescent herb,
with a short, thick subterranean root-stock and fleshy spreading elongated rootlets ;
leaves thick, linear, surrounded at base by membranous bracts ; flowers white, pe-
duncled.
136 SYNOPSIS or THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
LUZULA SPICATA, Desv. Hall & Harbour, 554. Calion City, Brande-
gee. Denver, Dr. Smith.
JUNCUS BALTICUS, Deth., var. MONTANUS, Eng. Trans. St. Louis
Acad., vol. 2, p. 442. Sepals of nearly equal length, inner ones more
obtuse; anthers 4 times the length of the very short filament; capsule
ovate-pyramidal, angled, beaked; seeds smaller, narrower and longer
pointed. Abundant everywhere in damp grounds, on the plains and in
the mountains. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Hall & Harbour, 567 ; Porter.
JUNCUS DKUMMOINDII, E. Mey. Eng. Rev., I. c., p. 445. Csespitose ;
stems l-lj high, terete, filiform; sheath bristle-pointed; spathe ^'-IJ'
long, mostly surpassing the simple, about 3-flowered panicle; sepals
lanceolate, acute, or the outer ones acutish and scarcely longer than
the inner ones, more than twice exceeding the 6 stamens, 3" or more
long; anthers linear, a little longer than the filament; stigmas shorter
than the slender, prismatic ovary crowned with a very short style,
included; capsule ovate-oblong, triangular, retuse, 3-celled, equaling
or a little shorter than the sepals; seeds ovate, striate-reticulate, long
tailed, the body 3", including the tails, V long. Hall & Harbour, 563.
JUNCUS HALLII, Engelm. Rev., I .c., p. 446. ( J. arcticus, Willd., var. gra-
cilis, Hook.?) Caespitose; stems 6 / -12 / high, terete, filiform, much longer
than the setaceous, terete leaves; leaves 2 / -5 / long, grooved just above
the sheath; spathe scarcely or a little surpassing the subsimple, few-
flowered, contracted panicle; sepals lanceolate, acute, 2" long, outer ones
a little longer, twice exceeding the 6 stamens; stigma subsessile, equal-
ing the ovate ovary, included; capsule ovate, angled, retuse, 3-celled,
scarcely exserted, deep brown; seeds oblong-linear, 5"-$" long, striate-
reticulated, long tailed, body 3" long. Found only by Hall & Harbour,
near Lake Kanch, Colorado, 562.
JUNCUS PAKBYI, En geln. Rev., 1. c., p. 446. Ca?spitose; stems very
thin and wiry, 4'-cV long; leaves sulcate one-half or two-thirds their
length, terete above; spathe surpassing the very simple, 1-3-ilowered
panicle; sepals 2"-3" long, lanceolate-subulate, the outer ones longer,
bristle-pointed, 3 times longer than the 6 stamens; anthers linear, 2-3
times longer than the filament; stigmas scarcely equalling the linear-
prismatic ovary, attenuated into the style, included; capsule prismatic,
very acute, brown, exserted, 3-celled; seed oblong, delicately striate-
costate, 1" in length, long tailed, body about 4" in length. Hall & Har-
bour, 561. Parry, 3t>0. White House Mountain, at 11,500 feet altitude,
Coulter.
JUNCUS TRIGLUMIS, L. Eng. Rev., 1. c., p. 448. Stem naked; leaves
radical, subulate, somewhat terete, channeled at base; flowers capi-
tate in a terminal, erect head, about 3; sepals rather obtuse, shorter
than the oblong, obtuse, mucronate capsule; filaments many times
longer than the anthers. Hall & Harjour, 557. Parry, 395. Alpine.
JUNCUS CASTANEUS, Sm. Eng., I. c., p. 448. Stein 2-leaved ; radical
leaves subulate, the upper part flattened; head terminal, solitary;
flowers 2-3; sepals 3" long, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the oblong,
obtuse capsule; anthers linear, pointed, half as long as the filaments;
stigmas exsert; seeds oblong; body 4"-5" long, with the tailed appen-
dages 1.6" or more long. Alpine. Hall & Harbour, 560. Parry, 358.
JUNCUS VASEYI, Engelm. Ren. 1. c., p. 448. Crespitose; stems l-2
high, slender, rigid, striate, covered with brown sheaths at base, sometimes
1 eaf- bearing ; leaves elongated, setaceous, terete, striate, sulcate toward
the base; spathe equaling or rarely longer than the small, contracted
panicle; panicle '-!' long, green; sepals equal, lanceolate, 2" long, outer
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 137
ones subulate-tipped, inner ones broader, mucronate, more than twice
longer than the 6 stamens ; anthers equaling the filaments; stigma scarcely
equaling the ovate ovary with its short style, included; capsule straw-
colored, ovate, retuse, 3-celled 7 equaling or a little longer than the sepals;
seeds very slender, body about 3" long, and with the appendages, 5"-7"
long. Hall, fide Engelmarm.
Juxcus TENTHS, Willd. Plains of the Platte, Coulter. Canon City,
Brandegee.
Juxcus BUFOXIUS, L. Hall & Harbour , 559. Upper Arkansas, Porter.
On the Platte, near Denver, Dr. Smith.
Juxcus LONGISTYLIS, Torr. Bot. Bound Surv., p. 223. Eng. Rev., I. c.,
p. 453. (J. Menziesii, Gr. in PL Parry., p. 34, and PL Hall & Harbour, p. 77.)
Stems 2 high, caespitose, stolon Herons, terete, somewhat minutely scab-
rous above, leafy; leaves flat, grass-like; heads few, clustered in a con-
tracted panicle, l'-3' long or rarely single; 3-8 or 12-flowered, flowers
2V '-3" long, the larger ones greenish, with brown stria3, smooth, pediceled ;
sepals equal, ovate-lanceolate, very acute or cuspidate, twice longer than
the stamens; ovary equaling the stamens and style; stigma exserted;
capsule ovate, obtuse, mucronate or rostrate, chestnut-colored, shining;
3 celled, equaling or a little longer than the calyx; seeds oblanceolate
or obovate, acute at each end, costate-reticulate, .25 // -.27 // long. The
most common Juncus in the mountains next to J. Balticus, var. monta-
nus. Hall & Harbour, 566. Denver, Dr. Smith ; B. H. Smith. South
Park, Canby. Twin Lakes, Porter. Canon City, Brandegee. Meehan.
Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
JUNCUS ALPINUS, Vill., var. INSIGKNIS, Fries. Eng. Rev., 1. c., 458, (J.
articulatus, L., var. pelocarpus, Gr.) Hall & Harbour ; 558; Canby.
JUNCUS NODOSUS, L., var. ME&ACEPHALUS, Torr. Denver, Dr. Smith;
B. H. Smith. Caiion City, Brandegee.
JUNCUS MERTENSIANUS, Bong. Eng. Rev., L c., p. 479. (J. ensifolius,
Hook. Gr. in PL Hall & Harbour.) Stem from a thick, creeping root-
stock, csespitose, 7 / -14 / high, compressed, weak; leaves aversely com-
pressed, usually J"-l" wide, sheath auricled; flowers 15-25, dark brown,
pediceled, single, rarely 2-3 in a rather loose head, "-6" broad ; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, the outer acuminate-subulate, the inner obtuse and
mucronate or rarely acute and equaling the outer ones, exceeding the
3-6 stamens, equaling the broadly-obovate, obtuse, mucronate capsule;
anthers oblong or oblong-linear, usually mucronate, equaling the fila-
ment or shorter; style mostly shorter than the obtuse ovary; seeds
oblauceolate, obovate, fusiform, short-tailed at each end, reticulate-
costate. Hall & Harbour, 565. Canon City, Brandegee. Ute Pass, Por-
ter. Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude, White House Mountain, at
11,000 feet, and Twin Lakes, Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Redfield.
JUNCUS XIPHIOIDES, E. Mey. Eng. Rev., I. c., p. 481. Stem l-4high,
from a thick creeping rhizoma, erect, 2-edged ; leaves compressed and
equitant; flowers about 1J" long, pediceled, few or many in few or
many heads ; sepals lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, equal or the inner
ones more obtuse, shorter, nearly twice longer than the 6 (rarely 3)
stamens, usually equaling the angular, acute, mucronate or beaked cap-
sule; anthers oblong-linear, almost equaling the filament; ovary ovate,
attenuate into the shorter style; stigma subexserted ; seeds ovate-ob-
lauceolate, .25 // -.26 // long, pointed at each end, reticulated and trans-
versely lined.
Var. MONTANUS, Engelm. Lower, J-2 high; leaves narrower,
138 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
^"-IJ" wide, mostly auricled at base ; heads 3-10 flowered, paler, rather
numerous and panicled ; flowers a little smaller, the inner petals shorter
and mostly acute, the outer ones equaling the loug-inucronate capsule.
Hall & Harbour, 564 ; Canby.
COMMELYNA YiRGiNiCA, L. Purgatory Eiver, Dr. Bell.
TRADESCANTIA VIRGHNICA, L. On the plains, Dr. Smith; B. H.
Smith. Along the Platte, Coulter; Redfield.
CYPERACE^.
CYPERUS TNFLEXUS, Muhl. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City,
Brandegee. South Park, Porter; Redfield.
CYPERUS SCHWEINITZII, Torr. " Low Mountain s," Hall & Harbour,
584. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Colorado Springs, Porter; Red-
field.
HEMICARPHA SUBSQUARROSA, ISTees. Wet Mountain Valley, Bran-
degee.
ELEOCHARIS OLIVACEA, Torr. Greeley, Greene.
ELEOCHARIS PALUSTRIS, E. Br. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
ELEOCHARIS OOMPRESSA, Sulliv. Pueblo, Greene.
ELEOCHARIS ACICULARIS, E. Br. Near Denver, along the Platte, Dr.
Smith.
SCIRPUS PAUCIFLORUS, Lightfoot. Hall & Harbour, 582.
SCIRPUS C^ESPITOSUS, L. Hall & Harbour, 583 ; subalpine.
SCIRPUS PUNG-ENS, Vahl. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
SCIRPUS VALIDUS, Vahl. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City,
Brandegee.
SCIRPUS MARITIMUS, L. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
SCIRPUS SYLVATICUS, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
SCIRPUS ATROVIRENS, Muhl. Hall.
ERIOPHORUM POLYSTACHYON, L. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
FIMBRISTYLIS LAXA, Vahl. Hall & Harbour, '581.
ELYNA 1 SPICATA, Schrad. (Kobresia scirpina, Willd.) Csespitose ;
stems numerous, 1 high, slender, striate-angled ; leaves filiform ; spike
1' long, somewhat clavate. South Park, Hall & Harbour, 598 and 599.
CAREX NiaRiCANS, Meyer. Spike solitary, oblong, staminate at top ;
stigmas 3 or rarely 2 ;' perigynium ovate, stipitate, ventricose, shining,
gradually attenuated into a beak, sometimes few-toothed, nerveless,
spreading or at length reflexed, rusty-colored, with an entire obliquely-
cut mouth, about equaling the dark-brown, oblong, obtuse scale ; the
lowest scale rarely subleafy ; achenium unequally 3-sided. Boots creep-
ing ; culms 6 / -12 / high. Hall & Harbour, 609.
CAREX PYRENAICA, Wahl. Spike solitary, densely flowered, stam-
inate at top, elliptic, rusty-brown; stigmas 3, rarely 2; perigynium fusi-
form or lanceolate, gradually attenuate, long*stipitate, nerveless, coni-
1 ELYNA, Schrad. Spikelets 2-flowered, covered by a bract. Scale single, its mar-
gins connate at base. Hypogoiious setae none. Pistillate flower of the spikelets be-
low, style 1, stigmas 3. Nut 3-angled, short-mucronate by the persistent base of the
style. Upper flower staminate, short pediceled. Stamens 3. Koch Fl. German.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 139
pressed, triquetrous, shining, at length horizontally spreading or re-
flexed, rusty -colored, the orifice cleft in front with its hyaline margins
infolded, longer than the acute-lanceolate or obtuse-oblong rusty-brown
scale; lowest scale rarely subleafy; acbenium unequally triquetrous.
Caespitose; root fibrous. Hall & Harbour, 608.
CAREX HALLII, Olney. Hayderfs Rep., 1871, p. 496. (C. Parryana,
Boott, in part.) Monoecious or dio3cious; sometimes with two erect
spikes, one staminate and one pistillate, or with 1-3 spikes all pistillate ;
terminal spike much the largest, lower one often remote and subtended
by a leafy bract; scales lanceolate or lance-ovate, brown, with a white
midrib, entire, not ciliate, longer and narrower than the obovate, smooth,
many-nerved perigynium; stigmas 3. Hall & Harbour, 617.
CAREX SCIRPOIDEA, MX. Hall & Harbour, 610. South Park, Porter
and Canby.
CAREX POLYTRICHIOIDES, Muhl. Hall & Harbour, 603.
CAREX AFFINIS, R. Br. u Spike solitary, staininate at top ; stigmas
3 ; scales acute, lanceolate, the lower awned. Near. C. polytriclioides,
Muhl." Olney in King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 3V2. Vasey, 591.
C A.REX OBTUSATA, Lilj. Terminal spike solitary, linear, androgynous,
staminate above ; stigmas 3 ; scales shorter than the perigynium ;
perigynium ovate-elliptical, turgid, shining, with a smooth, " terete,
acuminate, bifid beak, white and diaphanous at the apex, leaves linear,
flat. Hall & Harbour, 606.
CAREX BACKII, Boott. Hall& Harbour, 612.
CAREX FLLIFOLIA, Nutt. Ca3spitose ; spikes simple, androgynous,
staminate above, subcylindric, acute ; perigynium subglobose, entire at
the orifice; scales retuse; leaves filiformly-involute, shorter than the
culm. Xutt. Gen., vol. 2, p. 204. Hall & Harbour, 605. Ute Pass, Porter
CAREX PAUCIFLORA, Lightfoot. Hall & Harbour, 607.
CAREX DISTICIHA, Hudson. South Park, Porter.
CAREX COXJD:;OTA, Boott. Along the Platte, Coulter.
CAREX MURICATA, L., var. GRACILIS, Boott, in part. Spikes ches-
ntit-colored, narrow, ovate, with 4-6 ovate few-flowered spikelets ; leaves
lax, long and narrow. Hall & Harbour, 592. Weston's Pass, Coulter.
CAREX DOUGLASII, Boott. Boot creeping; culm 6 / -12 / high; spike
dioecious, with about 12, sometimes more, ovafe spikelets, the upper
closely aggregated, the lower occasionally remote and compound; bracts
sometimes setaceous, broad at base, sometimes scale-like and mucronate;
style exserted, stigmas 2, very long; perigynium elliptic-lanceolate or
ovate, tapering to a long serrated bifid beak, shorter than the lanceolate
acute scale ; achenium orbicular. Near Long's Peak, Coulter.
Var. MINOR, Olney. (C. petasata, Dew., in Hay den's Xebraska Plants.
Spikes small, not closely aggregated; perigynium and scale small. Hall
& Harbour, 600.
CAREX SICCATA, ~Dew.Hall & Harbour, 593.
CAREX MARCIDA, Boott. Culm l-2 high, rigid ; leaves broad, linear,
erect; spike oblong, pale, composed of numerous small ovate aggregated
androgynous spikelets, stamiuate at top, the lower spikelets compound;
stigmas 2; perigynium tawny, sub-orbicular, or ovate tapering to a bifid
beak, plano-convex, nerved, winged, the upper margins Berratnl, short-
stipitate, nearly equal to the acute ovate scale, which is of a pale straw-
color with a white membranous margin ; achenium tawny, lenticular,
contracted at base. Hall & Harbour , Greene.
140 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
CAREX TENELLA, Schk. Hall & Harbour, 601.
CAREX CANESCENS, L. Hall & Harbour, 602.
CAREX DEWEYANA, Schw. Hall & Harbour, 596.
CAREX GAYANA, Dew. Boott, III., pt. 3, p. 126, t. 411. Spike (some-
times wholly pistillate) ovate, capitate, fuscous-ferrugineous; spikelets
staminate at the apex or wholly staminate or pistillate, many, closely
crowded, lower ones compound ; bracts setaceous shorter than the spike;
stigmas 2; perigynia somewhat rounded, with a short conic beak, orifice
very small, hyaline, deeply cleft before, scabrous on the margins above,
shining, spongy, chestnut-colored; scale ovate, acuminate, cuspidate,
brown-ferruginous, with a whitish hyaline apex broader and longer than
the perigynium. Hall & Harbour, 595.
CAREX STELLULATA, L., var. SCIRPOIDES, Carey. Wet Mountain
Valley, Brandegee.
CAREX BONPLANDII, Kunth. Spikes of 8-12 blackish-purple or rusty
spikelets, more or less bracted, staminate at base ; stigmas 2 ; perigynium
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a beak, the orifice entire
and deeply cleft in front, wingless, more or less serrate on the margins
at the apex, nerved, plano-convex, equaling the ovate subacute scale;
acheniuni oblong-ovate, contracted at base, "biconvex and apiculate.
Var. MINOR, Gluey. Spikelets small, fewer ; bracts scale-like. Hall
& Harbour, 591.
CAREX LEPORINA, L. Fl. Suec. Koot woody-fibrous, spike oblong,
tawny-brown, composed of 5-6 (rarely more) nearly round or obovate
spikelets, staminate at base, alternately contiguous, sometimes aggre-
gated into an elliptical head, the highest club-shaped; bracts sometimes
filiform, not equal to the spikelets; stigmas 2; perigynium ovate, gradu-
ally tapering to a beak from an ovate base, the orifice obliquely cut,
winged, and serrated upon the margins above the middle, nerved upon
both sides, tawny, quite equaling the ovate-lanceolate acute scale,
which is whitish-hyaline with tawny margins ; "acheniurn oblong, lenticu-
lar, stipitate, shining, chestnut-colored, apiculate at the base of the
style. Colorado, at 12,000 feet altitude, Vasey, fide Olney.
CAREX FESTIVA, Dew. Csespitose; spike ovate or nearly round,
naked or bracteate, composed of 6-12 nearly round androgynous spike-
lets, stamiuate at base, closely aggregated in to ahead; stigmas 2; perigy-
nium ovate-elliptical, tapering to a beak, the whitish-hyaline orifice ob-
liquely cut anteriorly and finally bideutate, slightly nerved on both
sides, winged, serrated on the margins above the middle, rusty-tawny,
a little exceeding or about equaling the lanceolate obtuse whitish-hya-
line rusty-margined scale ; acheniumoblong-obovate, abruptly apiculate,
rusty-colored. Hall & Harbour, 589 and 590. Ute Pass, Porter. White
House Mountain and Mount Lincoln, at 12,OUO feet altitude, Coulter.
Breckeiiridge, Brandegee. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith. Pike's Peak, Canby.
CAREX STENOPHYLLA, Wahl. Csespitose, 4'-6' high, stolouiferous
from the base ; spikes androgynous, staminate above, aggregated in an
ovate or oblong head ; stigmas 2; perigynium ovate, convex on the back,
9-11-ner^ed, serrulate-scabrous on the margin; beak white-membran-
aceous at the apex, emarginate on the back; scales acute; culm smooth,
somewhat scabrous above. Hall & Harbour, 597.
CAREX ATHROSTACHYA, Olney. Root fibrous; culm l-2 high,
leafy; spike ovate, straw-colored, rusty-tinged, composed of 8-20
crowded spikelets, the lowest sometimes forming a remote distinct
head; bracts 3-5, leafy, involucre-like, expanded at base into a hyaline
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 141
margin, the lowest much longer than the culm ; stigmas 2 ; perigynium
ovate-lanceolate, tapering into along bifid beak, spongy at base, winged,
serrate and waved on the margins, slightly nerved, shorter than or
nearly equaling the ovate-lanceolate acuminate scale, which is mem-
branous with bright rusty-colored margins. Colorado, 587, Vasey.
CAREX ADUSTA, Boott. Hall & Harbour.
CAREX STRAMINEA, Schk. Denver, B. H. Smith. Near Colorado
Springs, Porter.
CAREX TENERA, Dew. Cului 15'-30' high, slender, somewhat 5-sided,
leafy towards the base; leaves much shorter than the culm ; spikelets
3-5 small, somewhat clavate, distant, nodding or erect; perigynia ovate,
compressed, beaked, subulate, nerved, ciliate-serrate, longer than the
oblong-lanceolate scale. The erect form, No. 14 of Olnetfs Carices Bor.-
Am. Hoopes.
CAREX LIMULA, Fries., (not of Gray's Manual.) Culm 2-2J high,
acutely angled ; leaves erect, flat, rough on the margins, the sheathing
base-leaves not flbrillose; spikelets erect, 34, the terminal one (or some-
times two) staininate, the remainder pistillate, often with staminate
flowers at the apex, oblong, cylindrical, the lowest pedunculate; bracts
leafy, surpassing the culm, with small blackish auricles; stigmas 2;
perigynium oblong, compressed, faintly nerved, exceeding or equaling
the black oblong single-nerved scale ; acheniurn obovate, compressed
Colorado, at 11,300 feet altitude, Vasey, 582.
CAREX JAMESII, Torr. Whole plant glaucous ; culm 8'-20' high ;
leaves broad, leathery, shorter than the culm, arnplectant at base, the
lower spreading and then incurved, with pale sheaths ; spikelets 5-6,
the lowest sometimes pedunculate or rarely radical on a long peduncle,
the two upper ones staminate, blackish purple, (the stamens brick-col-
ored,) the lower one small; pistillate spikelets 3, sometimes 4, oblong,
cylindrical, densely flowered, the uppermost sometimes with a few male
flowers; bracts leafy, not usually sheathing, the lowest some times short-
vaginate and exceeding the culm ; stigmas 2 ; perigynium obovate,
strongly nerved, glaucous or light-brown, the beak bidentate or emar-
ginate with the mouth slightly ciliated or toothed, longer than the pur-
plish-black scale, which has a greenish-white midrib ; achenium orbic-
ular. Monument Park, Porter. Weston's Pass and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
Var. Gluey. (C. Nebraskensis, Dew.) Koot stoloniferous ; culm 16'-
24' high ; leaves broad, leathery, erect, nearly equaling the culm ; spikes
rusty-colored ; perigyuia spreading, shorter the acute, lanceolate, dark-
rusty scales. Greene. Oak Creek, Brandeyee.
CAREX RIGIDA, Good. Hall d* Harbour, 588 in part.
CAREX BUXBAUMII, Wahl. Hall & Harbour, 619.
CAREX ATRATA, L. Hall & Harbour, 588 in part. South Park, Canby.
Mount La Plata, at 12,000 feet altitude, and Mount Lincoln, at the same
elevation, Coulter.
Yar. OYATA, Boott. Spikes 3, oblong (the lower pedunculate with few
staminate flowers) dark purple ; perigynia glaucous-green. Hall & Har-
bour, 5^5. Summit of Pike's Peak, Canby.
Var. NIGRA, Boott. Spikes subrotund, crowded or aggregated or the
lowest distinct, sessile ; perigynia oval or elliptical, cylindrically-rostrate,
toothed on the margins of the beak, especially above ; stigmas 2-3.
Hall & Harbour, 577. Gray's Peak, J)r. Smith. Canby; Brandegee ;
Meehan. White House Mountain, at 11,000 feet altitude, Coulter.
142 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
CAREX ALPINA, Vahl. Rail & Harbour, 618. Chicago Lakes, at 12,000
feet altitude, Coulter.
CAREX AUREA, Nutt. Mouut La Plata, at 11, 000 feet altitude, Coulter.
Var. ANDROGKYNA, Olney. Culms short, more rigid; leaves erect,
broader ; upper spikes more closely aggregated and deuser flowered, the
upper spike generally androgynous, having more or less fertile flowers
at the top. Colorado, Dudley's Ranch, E. L. Greene.
CAREX GEYERI, Boott. (C. pliyllostachya, Dew., in Bot. Mex. Bound.,
not of Meyer.) Spike simple, androgynous, the top cylindric and stam-
inate, pale, at length bright-rusty, with 1-5-pistillate flowers at the base,
remote and erect with the rachis ; stigmas 3 ; perigynium oval-trigon-
ous, produced at base, short-beaked, entire at the oriflce, whitish-hya-
line, membranous, smooth, with two prominent nerves, shorter than the
broad-ovate, obtuse or acute sheathing cuspidate or foliaceous scale, which
is whitish with a green nerve. Hall & Harbour, 611.
CAREX TORREYI, Tuckerinan. Clear Creek, near Golden City, E. L.
Greene.
CAREX Eossn, Boott. Spikelets 4-5, pale, few-flowered, the terminal
one stamiuate, the rest pistillate, each of 3-6 alternate and distinct flow-
ers, the upper 3 spikes approximate, the lower remote, exsertly but un-
equally long-pedunculate; and upper bract surpassing the culm, the
lower sheathed, and all but the lower short-peduueled ; stigmas 3; peri-
gynium oval, stipitate, long beaked, bifid, pubescent, nerveless, equaling
the ovate-lanceolate acute or cuspidate scale ; acheniuin globose- trian-
gular, obtuse. Hall & Harbour, 020.
CAREX OAPILLARIS, L. Hall & Harbour, 613.
CAREX PENNSYLVANIA, Lain. Ute Pass, 1872, Porter.
CAREX LANUGINOSA, MX. South Park, Canby. Ute Pass, Porter.
Caiion City, Brandegee. Meehan.
CAREX TJTRICULATA, Boott. Hall & Harbour, 615; B. H. Smith;
Brandegee.
Var. MINOR, Boott. " Swamps on low mountains," Canby.
CAREX LONGIROSTRIS, Torr., var. MINOR, Boott. Culm short ; spike
shortened; beak shorter. Hall & Harbour, 614.
ALOPEOURUS ALPINTJS, Sm. English Fl. 1. p. 81. Culm erect, smooth,
6'-l high ; palet about equaling the rather acute glumes ; awn exserted
more than half its length, slightly bent but not twisted; glumes 3-ribbed,
covered on the back with long, dense, white hairs; upper leaf much
shorter than its inflated sheath. Hall & Harbour, 683. Gray's Peak,
Dr. Smith.
ALOPECURUS ARISTULATUS, MX. Hall & Harbour, 682. Monument
Park, Coulter. Platte Kiver, near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City,
Brandegee.
PHLETJM ALPINUM, L. Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith; Meehan. Twin Lakes,
Porter. Saugre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Sierra Madre Kange, at
11,000 feet altitude, Weston's Pass and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
VILFA CRYPTANDRA, Torr. fSporobolus cryptandrus, Gray J On the
plains near Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee. Hall & Harbour, 648.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 143
VILFA AIROLDES, Trin. (Sporobolus, Torr.) Like the last, but the
panicle at length much exserted, very open and widely spreading;
flowers all on distinct pedicels; sheaths naked at the throat or somewhat
bearded; leaves mostly erect and involute. Canon City, Brandegee.
Hall & Harbour, 647.
VILFA ASPERIFOLIA, Nees & Meyen. Culms branching at base from
running root-stocks, decumbent and often rooting, 6'-15' long, glabrous;
the smooth, naked sheaths equaling or exceeding the internodes ; leaves
flat, rough on the margins, l'-3' long, V broad, acuminate, tapering up-
ward from a broad base, erect ; branches of the loose, spreading panicle
capillary, solitary, axils naked; spikelets less than V long, often 2-flow-
ered; glumes slightly unequal, hispid on the back, acute, one-third
shorter than the nearly equal palets ; lower palet submucronate, the upper
obtuse. Canon City, Brandegee. Hall & Harbour, 641; Redfield.
VILFA RAMULOSA, H. B. K. Steud. Gram., 158. Root annual, fibrous;
culms very slender, branching from the base, 3'-10' high; sheaths
usually longer than the iuternodes, glabrous or slightly hairy ; leaves
flat or" con volute, l'-2' long, J"-l" wide, roughish; panicle elongated and
rather narrow, often sheathed at base; brauchlets scattered ; spikelets
scarcely %" long, obtusish, on spreading, finely capillary pedicels ; glumes
nearly "equal ; palets obtuse, nearly twice longer. Divide between Den-
ver and Colorado Springs, Porter. Hall & Harbour, 643.
VILFA CUSPLDATA, Torr. Hall & Harbour, 661.
VILFA DEPAUPERATA, Torr. , Root perennial, creeping: culms ascend-
ing, appressed, branched, slender, often geniculate, glabrous, striate,
rather rigid, ^-2long ; leaves l'-3' long, narrow and usually convolute,
recurved or spreading; panicle, very slender, and contracted, l'-3' long,
compound or often nearly simple ; spikelets small ; glumes unequal, ovate,
obtuse or acutish, membranous, the length of the acute lower palet.
Like the former, but differs in its short obtuse glumes, smaller flowers,
narrower involute leaves and more slender habit. Hall & Harbour, 660.
South Park, Canby. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Divide between
Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
VILFA TRICHOLEPIS, Torr. Pacific R. E. Rep., vol. 4, p. 155. Culms
erect, simple, terete, 9'-lS' high, tufted; nodes distant; sheaths glabrous ;
ligule truncate; leaves V 1 broad, glabrous; branches of the oblong, rather
dense panicle alternate", naked in the axils; branchlets flexuose ; pedicels
longer than the spikelets ; glumes nearly equal, acutish, J shorter than the
nearly equal pilose palets ; lower palet 3-uerved. Hall & Harbour, 631.
Pike's Peak, Canby. South Park, Porter.
AGROSTIS SCABRA, Willd. Mt. Elbert, at 10,000 feet altitude, and
Sierra Madre Range, Coulter. Twin Lakes, Porter. Canon City, Bran-
degee.
AGROSTIS EXARATA, Trin. Steud. Gram., 165. Root biennial, fibrous ;
culm simple, erect, l-2 high; ligules obtuse, l"-2" long; leaves flat,
linear, (l"-3" wide, 2 / -4'long,) the radical ones narrower, somewhat sca-
brous; panicle usually contracted and dense, 2'-4' long, the rays 3-5 or
more at each axil, seini-verticillate, flowering from the base, erect ; glumes
acute or sub-acuminate, scabrous on the back, slightly unequal, l"-2"
long; lower palet usually nearly a half shorter, erose- truncate, very
rarely awued above the middle, glabrous or a little hairy at base, the
upper one a little smaller than the ovary. Colorado, Vasey.
AGROSTIS CAXINA, L. Hall tl* Harbour, 671.
AGROSTIS VULGARIS, With. Canon City, Brandegee. Hoopes.
144 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
MuHLENBERaiA PUNGENS, Thurber, Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p.
78, Note. Culm from a creeping root-stock, l-lj high; leaves rigid,
COD volute, pungent, spreading, I'-l^' long, less than I" wide; ligule
short, ciliate; panicle 3'-4' long; branches solitary, scattered, naked at
base, fasciculately branching; pedicels capillary, minutely scabrous,
many times longer than the spikelets, awn 2J" long; glumes almost
equal or nearly equal, acuminate or bristly-apiculate, shorter than
the flower; palets naked, furnished with a minute rudiment; lower
palet scabrous, acute, produced into a long, rough awn, (J'-l',) upper
palet scarcely shorter; nerves excurrent, two-bristled; stamens 3. Hall
& Harbour, 632.
MUHLENBERGIA GRACILLIMA, Torr. Bot. Whippl., Pacif. R. R. Rep.
4, p. 155. Csespitose,' glabrous; culm simple, 6 / -12 / high; leaves very nar-
row, involute, short, I'-IJ', mostly in radical tufts; ligule elongated,
cleft; panicle 5' 6' long, pyramidal, capillary; branches sub-solitary,
widely spreading; pedicels nearly twice longer than the spikelet; spike-
lets lanceolate, mostly purplish,- 1" long; glumes acute, lanceolate,
scarcely twice shorter than the palets; lower palet glabrous, 3-uerved,
minutely bind, with a straight awn of equal length; callus naked. Oii
the plains. Hall & Harbour, 642. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon
City, Brandegee.
MUHLENBERGIA GRACILIS, Triu. Steud. Glum., 179. Boot fibrous ;
culm erect, slender, branching from the base, 1 1J high, minutely
scabrous, as well as the sheaths ; node smooth ; leaves erect, narrowly
linear, l / -4 / long, plane or convolute, rigid, retrorsely scabrous; panicle
contracted, S'-W long; branches solitary, appressed ; pedicels very short
or equaling the spikelet; lower glume 1 nerved, acute, upper 1-nerved,
erose-obtuse or acute, sometimes bearing an awn, twice longer than the
palets or a little shorter ; lower palet wholly pilose, or the middle of the
back and margins, bearing an awn 4 // -9 // in length, upper one on the
nerves short-pilose half-way up. Hall & Harbour, 064; Canby ; Bran-
degee ; Meehan. Ute Pass and South Park, Porter.
MUHLENBERGIA TEXANA, Thurb. in Gram. Mex. Bound, ined. "Culms
geuiculately decumbent, branching; panicle ovoid, few flowered, ravs
solitary or in pairs, naked below, pedicels equaling or twice as long as
the spikelets; glumes shorter than the floret, cariuately 1-uerved, set-
aceously mucrouate; palets pilose, the lower terminated by an awn
thrice its length and equaled or exceeded by the upper one; callus con-
spicuous, glabrous. This species, which seems to be very common in
Texas and Arizona, is quite distinct in habit from others of the genus.
The slender and branching culras are from one to two feet long, often
decumbent for their whole length and geniculate at the nodes; sheaths
usually shorter than the internodes, mostly smooth; ligule y long,
lacerate; leaves. (except in specimens from the arid table-lands of Ari-
zona) plane, I'-l^' long, 3" wide at base, setaceously acuminate at apex,
and scabrous, especially above; panicle about 3' long and 2' broad, green
or dark-red, included at base except when old, its branches naked below
for or J their length and 1-3 flowered; spikelets \\" long; glumes
narrowly lanceolate, upper slightly longer. Texas, Bigelow ; Parry;
Wright, 734. Arizona, Hayes ; Goues ; Palmer." Fremont County, Col-
orado, Brandegee; Greene.
MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA, T. & G., var. (?) SETIGLUMIS, Watson,
Kimfs Rep. Culms 1 high, nearly erect; panicle contracted nearly as in
M. glomerata ; the branches solitary and densely flowered, mostly to the
base ; glumes attenuate into a scabrous bristle, 2 J"-3" long ; the palet,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 143
with its awn, about twice longer. Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City,
Brandegee.
YASEYA 1 COMATA, Thurber. Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 79.
Culms l-2 high, erect, slender, from a creeping rhizoma, retrorsely pu-
bescent at the nodes; sheaths scabrous, as long as the iuternodes; ligule
short, fringed; leaves 3'-4'long, dull green, rough on both sides; panicle
lead-colored, '6'-^' long; branches solitary, appressed, densely flowered;
spikelets short-pediceled, compressed, lj" long, pubescent; glumes nar-
row, very acute, serrulate on the keel, lower one a little longer; awn
rough and flexuose, purplish, 3"-4" long. Hall & Harbour.
CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS, Beauv. Canon City, Brandegee. Twin
Lakes and Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
CALA3IAGROSTIS STRICTA, Trin. Canon City, Brandegee. Divide
between Denver and Colorado Springs, Porter.
CALAMAGROSTIS SYLVATICA, DC. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6, p. 0.
Root creeping; culm simple, erect, rather rigid, glabrous or scabrous be-
low the panicle; leaves mostly revolute, scabrous; panicle contracted,
2'-4 / long, the brauchlets erect ; glumes ovate-lanceolate, sharply acu-
minate, about 3" long; lower palet scabrous, rather rigid, awnednear
the base, hairs about one-fourth as long as the palet; rudiment elon-
gated, plumose; awn bent and twisted, exceeding the glum es. Denver,
Dr. Smith; B. H. Smith ; Canby. Caiioii City, Brandegee. Along the
Platte, Coulter.
CALAMAGROSTIS LONGIFOLIA, Hook. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith. Col-
orado Springs, Porter. Sierra Mojado, Brandegee.
ORYZOPSIS MICRAXTHA, Thurber. ( Urach ne micrantlia, Trin. ) u Leaves
linear-setaceous, convolute; branches of the panicle in pairs, many-flow-
ered; spikelets shining, florets smooth, a little shorter than the linear,
acutish glumes, awn about thrice longer than the glumes ; cells of the
anthers naked at the apex.-' Steud. Glum., 122. Hall & Harbour,
63 4. Chiann Canon and Glen Eyrie, Porter.
ERIOCOMA 2 CUSPIDATA, Nutt. Perennial ; culms l-2 high, simple,
rather rigid and somewhat scabrous; sheaths scabrous, equaling the
internodes, the upper ones often dilated ; leaves narrow, convolute,
elongated, (2 / -18 / ;) panicle frequently included at base, dichotomously
branched, the spikelets solitary upon capillary peduncles; glumes 2 // -4' /
long, usually more or less purple, pubescent; outer palet deep brown,
\y long, the nearly straight triquetrous awn \^"2" long. Hall & Har-
bour, 633. Canon City, Brandegee. On the plains and in the mountains,
Porter. Platte River, near Denver, Dr. Smith.
STIPA MONGOLICA, Turcz. (Ptilayrostis Mongollca, Griseb. in Ledeb. FJ.
Ross.} Slender, 1 high, with filiform leaves and a loose few-flowered
panicle; the membranous glumes obtuse, about 2" long, sub-equal, pur-
'VASEYA, Thurber. Spikelets 1-nowered, membranous-herbaceous, in a narrow
crowded panicle. Glumes 1-nerved, equaling or exceeding the flowers,^arly equal, the
lower usually a little longer. Callus oblique, densely bearded with silky Murs equaling the
flower. Palets equal, the lower 3-nerved, attenuate into a long awn, the upper aoiz-
miuate. Stamens 3. Ovary stipitate. Stigmas plumose with long simple hairs. Per-
ennial from running root-stocks.
-ERIOCOMA, Nutt. Spikelets 1-flowered, in a loose, open panicle. Glumes
nearly equal, strongly 3-nerved, subventrieose at bast-, attenuate-rostrate above, some-
what exceeding the pei-sistent flower. Callus short, thick. Palets rigid, coriaceous,
the outer oval, densely covered throughout with long, white, silky hairs, and terminated
with a short, stout deciduous awn, the upper included, narrower, scarcely sh>n r.
Stamens 2-3; anthers oblong-linear, bearded at the apex. Scales c<;nspicuous, ix.nly
equaling tlie oblong seed.
10 FC
146 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
plish, and the scarcely shorter bairy palet ending in a bent plumose awn,
6" in length. Hall & Harbour, 648.
STIPA SPARTEA, Trin. -Colorado Springs, Porter. ' South Park, Canby,
Meehan. Wet Mountain Valley, Redfield.
STIPA vraroULA, Trin,, Steud. Gram., 129, Culms stout, strict, and
with the narrow sheaths scabroiis or sometimes glabrate, 1 3j high,
the nodes naked; leaves elongated, mostly narrow and involute, l"-3"
broad, scabrous; panicle narrow, contracted, 3'-10' long, the erect
branches 2-3 together, flowering from the base or some of them naked
below; glumes nearly equal, 3"-4J" long, narrowly acuminate; lower
palet 2J"-3 // long, short-pilose at the obtusish base, appressed-pubeseent
above, and with a pilose crown at the apex ; awn about V long, twisted
and geniculate, minutely scabrous. Hall & Harbour, 626. Kear Denver^
Dr. Smith. Canon City, Brandegee. Median. Colorado Springs, Porter!
ARISTIDA PURPUREA, Nutt. Steud. Gram., 134. Perennial; culms
C'-IS' high, simple, erect, slender, mostly glabi'ous; sheaths narrow,
scabrous, exceeding the intern odes, pilose at the throat; leaves very
narrow, convolute, |'-10' long; panicle slender, erect or flaccid, 3'-6' long,
loosely few-flowered; glumes purplish, the upper 6"-9" long, about twice
exceeding the lower, and longer than the flower, bind and shortly awned ;
flower densely short-pilose at the pointed base, scabrous above, 6" long,
the awns equal or nearly so, separate to the base, not jointed, l"-2"
long, scabrous. Hall & Harbour, 652. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Caiion
City, Brandegee. Colorado Springs and South Park, Porter.
AKISTIDA OLIGANTHA, MX. Canon City, Brandegee.
SPARTINA CYNOSUROIDES, Willd. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
SPARTINA ORACILIS, Trin., Steud. Gram. ,214. Culms l-3 high, ex-
ceeding the spreading distichous leaves, which are very rough upon '.the
margins, mostly convolute, the upper ones distant and shorter; ligules-
ciliate ; spikes 4-10, oblong, mostly sessile, appressed to the nearly smooth
rachis ; glumes very unequal, the lower acuminate, the upper acute and
equaling the obtusish palets, 4" long, the glumes and lower palet cili-
ate, hispid upon the keel. Hall & Harbour, 639. CaQon City, Brandegee.
South Park, Porter. In saline soils.
PLEURAPBis 1 JAMESII, Torr. Steud. Gram., 218. Roots perennial,
creeping; culms 1-1J high, branching at base, erect, slender, slightly
scabrous, hairy at the nodes, with the leaves glaucous; sheaths close,
scabrous, hairy at the throat, the ligule laciniate; leaves I'-G' long,
mostly convolute, rigid, scabrous, the upper ones short and pungent ;
spike 2 / -3 / long, erect, the internodes of the flexuous rachis shorter than
the erect (4" long) spikelets ; flowers short-pediceled or nearly sessile
in the glumes; glumes of the perfect spikelet ciliate, earinate, cleft nearly
to the middle, the lobes 1-nerved on the inner margin, with 3-5 interme-
diate bristles, the central one longer ; palets exceeding the glumes, the
lower 3-nerved, bifid at the apex, short-cuspidate, the upper a little
shorter, 2-nerved and slightly bifid ; scales linear, entire j glumes of the
sterile spikelets equaling the palets. the lower ciliate, slightly 2-cleft,
1 PLEITBAPHIS, Torr. Flowers spicate j the spikelets sessile by threes at each joint of
the rachis, surrounded at base by an involucre of soft, spreading hairs; the lateral ones
ataniiiiatc, the central perfect. Glumes of the perfect spikeleta '2, 1-flowered, equal,
narro w-cnneat* r deeply 2-eieft, 3-5 bristled ; palets membranous, the lower short-awned
at the apex. Glumes of the sterile spikelets 2, 2-flowered r lanceolate, inequilateral, the
lower 1-awned upon the back ; p alerts membranous, awnless. Stamens 3, with very
short filaments. Germ ovate; styles 2, distinct, the elongated stigmas simply plu-
mose.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLOEA OF COLORADO. 147
awned above the middle, the outer side 2-nerved, the inner margin
much narrower and infolded, the upper glume emarjrinate or erose, cus-
pidate with a strong mid-nerve, the broader outer side also 2-3-uerved ;
pa-lets emarglnate or irregularly toothed at the apex, the lower 3-nerved,
the upper 2 nerved. Greene.
BOUTELOUA OLiGrOSTACHYA, Torr. Hall & Harbour, 636. Near Den-
ver, Dr. Smith. B. H. Smith. Colorado Springs, Porter. Canon City,
Brandegee. Common on the plains.
BOUTELOUA HIRSUTA, Lag. South Park, Canby.
BOUTELOUA CURTIPEXDULA, Gray. Hall & Harbour. Colorado
Springs, Porter.
BrcHLOE 1 DACTYLOIDES, Engelm. Trans. Saint Louis. Acacl., vol.
1, p. 432, pi. 12and 14. Densely tufted, spreading by stolons, forming-
broad mats; culms 3'-6' long; flowering stems of the male plant 4'-6'
long, glabrous or slightly hairy; leaves 2'-4' long, J"-!^' wide, nearly
smooth ; sheaths striate, glabrous, strongly bearded at the throat: spikes
3"-6" long; spikelets alternate in 2 rows, uppermost abortive, bristle-
form, 2 // -3 // long; lower glume ovate lanceolate, with a scarious margin ;
upper glume twice longer, ovate ; lower palet convex, 3-nerved, upper
one 2-nerved, two minute scales at the margin and inside of the lower
palet ; stamens 3. Stems of the female plant much shorter than the
leaves, lt^-2' high; heads 3"-3" long; glumes becoming ligneous;
spikes or heads usually 2; at maturity becoming thick, extremely hard,
including the loose grain. The celebrated "buffalo-grass," known to
hunters and trappers as one of the most nutritious grasses, on which for
a part of the year subsist and fatten the immense herds of buffalo and
the cattle of the hunter and emigrant. It extends on the elevated plains
from the British Possessions southward and westward into Mexico and
Xew Mexico. ETuttall, who had only the male plant, referred it to the
genus Scsleria, and described it as 8. dactyloides (Gen. 1, p. 64.) Steudel
founded another genus on the female plant, Antephora axilliflora, (Glum.
1, p. 111.) The true relationship between them was first detected by Dr.
Engelmann, and clearly set forth by him in his masterly article iii the
Trans. Saint Louis Acacl. Plains around Denver, Dr. Smith. Hall &
Harbour, 637.
SQUARROSA, Torr. Bot. Whippl, Pacif. E. E. Eep. 4, p. 158.
1 BUCHLOE, Eugelui. Flowers dioecious, heteromorphous. Male plant. Spikes 1-sided
2-ranked ; spikelets 2-3-floweivd. Glumes 2, 1 -nerved, lower much smaller. Palets 2, of
equal length, longer than the glumes; lower one 3-nerved, mucronate; upper one
2-nerved. Squamuhein pairs, truncate, emarginate. Stamens 3; anthers linear. Rudi-
ment of an ovary none. Female plant. Spikes 1-3, short, capitate, oblique in the in-
volucrate sheaths of the upper leaves ; spikelets 1-flowered, crowded, upper floret abor-
tive, withering. Glumes 2 ; lower glume of the lowest spikelets 1-3 nerved, lanceolate -
subulate, with an herbaceous tip, or 2-3-cleft, lower side athinte to the back of the
upper glume : lower glumes of the other spikelets (internal as to the head) free, much
smaller, membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved; upper glumes (external)
connate at the base with the thickened rachis, at length like a hard, woody involucre,
ovate, nerveless,, pale, trifid at the herbaceous, nerved tip. Lower palet (internal as to
the head) shorter. 3-nerved, herbaceous, tricuspidate; upper palet shorter, 2-nerved.
Squamuhe as in the male flowers. Rudiments of the stamens 3, minute. Ovary lenti-
cular, glabrous, very short-stipitate ; stigmas much longer than the 2 erect terminal
styles, plumose with simple hairs, exsert from the apex of the flower. Caryopsis free,
included in a horny, at length deciduous head, sublenticular, flat on the outside,
(toward the lower palet.) convex on the inner side.
-MrxnoA, Torr. Spike capitate, leafy; spikelets 3, 2-6-fl owered ; flowers sessile:
2-ranked : Terminal one abortive. Glumes 2, subopposite, much shorter than the flow-
ers, mucronate. Palea 2, herbaceous, rigid, in the lowest spikelet naked, mucronate or
short-awned, not keeled, equilateral, in the uppermost spikelet bearded toward the
base ; caryopsis very smooth, covered by the upper palea.
148 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
Animal, creeping, very much branched from the base; branches fascicu-
late, 3'-8' long; leaves I'-^'loug, flat, l"-2" wide, somewhat pungent,
scabrous on the margin ; spikelets mostly 3, closely approximated ; 3-4-
flowered; glumes almost unilateral, linear-lanceolate, carinate; palets
2-3 times longer than the glumes, lanceolate, acute, upper one bicari-
nate, rather obtuse. On the plains, Hall & Harbour, (538. Colorado
Springs, Porter. Denver, Dr. /Smith. Gallon City, Brandegee.
LEPTOCHLOA FASCICULARIS, Gr. Hall & Harbour, 644.
TRICUSPIS PURPUREA, Nutt. Hall & Harbour, 645.
TRICUSPIS MUTICA, Torr. Bot. Whippl. p. 156. Crespitose, glabrous.
1 high; culm rigid, terete, erect, very simple; leaves convolute-filiform,
3'-6' long; panicle terminal, much exserted, racemose, 3'-6' long, the
short, appressed branches bearing 3-5 spikelets; spikelets rather terete,
5-S-flowered , glumes unequal, 1-nerved, rather acute, scarcely half the
length of the spikelets; lower palet awuless, entire or bilid, long ciliate
on the margin and back; upper palet shorter than the lower, notched
at the apex, plumose on the margin ; style short ; stigmas plumose, pur-
ple. Canon City, Greene, 1873.
TRICUSPIS ACUMINATA, Mnriro, in Herb. Thurb. " Culms caespitose,
simple, usually with but a single node, which bears a very short leaf;
panicle dense, ovoid ; spikelets subsessile, 8-12 flowered, the rachis
easily disarticulating; glumes acuminate, 1-nerved, the upper subarist-
ate and with the palets carinately compressed ; lower palet 3" long,
acuminate, membranaceous, 3 nerved, marginal nerves terminating at
the scarcely bifid apex, the central one prolonged into a seta J the
length of the palet, which is densely silky below and somewhat pilose
above the marginal nerves, with a conspicuously silky tuft near the
base; upper palet ovate, obtuse, J shorter than the lower; stamens 3;
ovary stipitate ; styles plumose with simple hairs; sqnamulae 2, fleshy,
truncate ; seed fusiform, smooth, shining and translucent, except the
scutellum, which is nearly half its length. This exceedingly neat and
interesting species is apparently a perennial, forming tufts with culms
6' to 1 or more high, somewhat rigid, compressed, and often geniculate
at base; nodes red; sheaths much shorter than the in tern odea, with a
pilose tuft at the throat; ligule minute, lacerate ; the pale-green leaves
plane or canaliculate, rigid, distinctly 3-nerved, pubescent, scabrous on
the margins, obtuse and mucronulate at apex; radical leaves 2' and
those of tlie culm j' long; panicle l'-2' long with a few erect 1-3
flowered branches, whitish or with a very slight purple tinge ; the
broad palets (at least when dry) nearly colorless, with green nerves and
beautifully silky hairs upon the lower portion and marginal nerves ;
upper palet bicarinate, ciliate on the nerves and conformed to the lower
one. The plant has something of the habit of Trieuxpis ( Uralepis)
avenacea, Kth., and has been mixed with it by collectors, but is readily
distinguished by its larger and many-flowered spikelets and its carinate,
acuminate, and mostly entire lower palet. Texas, Linahcimer, 738;
Bigcloic ; Wright, 781, 782, (in part) and 2058. Xew Mexico, Fendler,
915." Caiion City, Colorado, Brandegee ; Greene, 1873.
GRAPHEPHORUM(?) FLEXUOSUM, Thurber Proc. Acad. Phil., March,
1863, p. 18, Note. Culm 3 high, smooth ; sheath surpassing the inter-
nodes, furnished with a ring of hairs instead of a ligule ; leaves llong,
"2." broad, setaceous-acuminate; panicle loosely-flowered; branches scat-
tered, the lowest distant, about 4' long, naked below, branchlets few,
capillary; spikelets ovate, compressed, 3-6-flowered, 2,} // -3 // long, twice
or four times shorter than the pedicels; glumes membranaceous, 1-nerved,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 149
acute, half shorter than the spikelet ; lower palet carinate, 3-nerved,
(with prominent lateral nerves,) scabrous-pubescent, erose denticulate
at the apex, niucrouate, villous at base, upper one about as long-, con-
spicuously 2-keelecl, 2-toothed ; stamens 3 ; ovary stipitate ; squainulsB 2,
obliquely truncate ; caryopsis free. Hall & Harbour, 635.
KCELERIA CRISTATA, Pers. Kear Denver, B. H. Smith. Colorado
Springs, Porter. Monument Park, Twin Lakes, and on the Upper Arkan-
sas, Coulter. Hall & Harbour, 650.
MELICA BULBOSA, Geyer. ( M. powoides, Torr. Bot. Wliippl, not Xutt.)
Gray in Proo. Am. Acad.^ vol. 8, p. 409. Culins erect, slender, 1J 2 high
often enlarged and bulb-like at base, slightly scabrous above, nodes,
naked ; sheaths longer than the internodes and scabrous, the ligules
usually long and lacerated; leaves scabrous, mostly flat and elongated,
l"-2" wide ; panicle narrow and often interrupted, the branches unequal
and erect, subscabrous, rarely spreading ; spiklets erect and scarcely
secund, 3-5-flowered, usually more or less purple ; glumes obtuse or
acutish, glabrous, 5-uerved ; lower palet about 4" long; 7-nerved, pu-
berulent on the back, membranous-margined, rather obtuse, upper palet
pubescent on the nerves erose-truncate; grain 2" long.
Var. Culms slender, little enlarged at base, 1 high ; leaves narrow
and revolute ; panicle narrow ; spikelets 10-15 ; glumes longer, more
acute; lower palet obscurely 5-nerved, upper palet not pubescent on
tho margins. Ute Pass and Twin Lakes, Coulter.
MELICA MUTIOA, Walt., Gr., var. PARVIFLORA, Porter. Culms 2
high; panicle narrow,! long; flowers 3-4, smaller ; leaves narrower ;
spikelet much exceeding the larger glume ; pedicels below the flowers
more hairy. Glen Eyrie, Porter. Meehan. Sierra Madre Range, Coulter.
GLYCERIA PAUCIFLQRA, Presl. Steucl. Gram., 285. Roots creeping ;
culms 1-3J high, smooth, nodes naked; sheaths and the broad linear
leaves (3 / -12 / long) scabrous; panicle loosely spreading, the slender
iiexuous branches in pairs, divided, scabrous ; spikelets narrow-oblong,
2" long, 4-6-flowered, often purplish; glumes rounded, unequal, the
lower obscurely 3-nerved, scarious on the margin, lower palet truncate-
obtuse, the apex minutely serrulate and distinctly scarious, 5-uerved, the
upper one emarginate. Sail & Harbour, 662. Canon City, Brandegec.
GLYCERIA AQUATICA, Sm.Hall it: Harbour, 629. Monument Park,
Coulter.
GLYCERIA AIROIDES, Thurber. (Poa airoides, ^"utt. in Gen. l,p. 68.)
Culm 4-5 high, erect; leaves with very long sheaths, short and acute ;
panicle erect, attenuated ; branches seini-verticillate, few and capillary ;
spikelets oblong, obtuse, nearly sessile, or upon short peduncles, 4-6-
flowered ; glumes very unequal, shorter than the palets; flowers dis-
tinct, somewhat cylindric, obtuse, shining, purplish, scarious, and often
lacerate at the point, obsoletely 5 nerved, inner valve scabrous on the
margin. Hall & Harbour, 630." South Park, Porter. Canby.
GLYCERIA DISTAXS, Wahl. Colorado, fiae Watson.
CATABROSA 1 AQUATICA, Beauv. (Glyceria, Presl., Steud. Gram., 2S6J
SA, Beauv. Spikelets 2-3-flowered ; floAvers equal, perfect. Glumes mein-
l)raiions. colored, uneiiuul. shorter than the flower, concave, the lower oWong,
l-nerved. the upper ol>ovate, 3-uerved. erosely dentate at the apex, or both nerveless.
Palets membranous, equal in length, the lower 3-nerved and 3-keeled. trvmeaie-obTust-,
the upper 2-uervtMl and v?-keeled, rounded and somewhat 3-lobed. Stamens 3. Sr vies "2,
very short ; the stigmas plumose. Scales "2. shorter than the ovary. Grain oblong, free,
.shortly pediceled. Glabrous, creeping aquatics, with flat leaves, elongated mem-
branous ligules and diffusely b ranched panicles with, semi-verticillale branches:
flowers jointed at base and deciduous.
150 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
Culms 4'-2 high, rather stout, ascending; leaves 2'-6' long, 2"-4"
wide, scabrous on the margin; panicle uniform, branchlets numerous,
divided ; glumes J" long, purplish ; flowers I" in length, light-brown iu
color. Hall& Harbour, 003. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandeyee.
BRIZOPYRUM SPICATUM Hook, var. STRICTUM, Gray. ( Uniolastricta,
Torr. Steud. Gram., 2SLJ Spikelets many-flowered, and the panicle
mostly rather loose and elongated, IJ'-Sj 7 in length ; culms J-2 high ;
pistillate spikelets 4"-8 // long, 4-13"flowered, the lower palet acutish or
almost acuminate ; staminate spikelets 4 // -9 // long, 0-18-flowered, slen-
der-pediceled and often somewhat nodding. Hall & Harbour, 040.
South Park, Porter.
POA ALPINA, Ij.Hall & Harbour, 074. Mt. Lincoln, at 12,500 feet
altitude, Weston's Pass, at 11,000 feet, and White House Mountain, at
1 1,500 feet, Coulter.
POA CASSIA, Sm., var. STRICTIOR, Gr. On Pike's Peak, Canby. Along
the foothills, Coulter.
POA SEROTINA, Ehrh. Hall & Harbour, 072. Ute Pass, Porter.
Weston's Pass, Coulter.
POA TENUIFOLIA, Nutt. Tufted, l-2 high ; culm slender, erect, gla-
brous or with the sheaths and leaves more or less scabrous ; leaves nar-
rowly linear, I'-G' long ; ligules short ; panicle erect, narrow and rather
-r*ose, 2 / -0 / long, the branchlets 2-5 together and scabrous ; glumes
5"_2" long, acute or acutish, a little scabrous on the mid-vein, 3-4-flow-
ered 5 lower palet 2" long, obtuse, nearly glabrous, puberulent or some-
what pubescent at base, but little compressed ; flowers readily separ-
ating at the joints. Hall & Harbour,. 008 and 075.
POA ANDINA, Nutt. In dense perennial tufts, glabrous excepting the
more or less scabrous panicle ; culms 4 / -2 high; slender, erect ; leaves
very narrow, l'-3' long, mostly revolute; ligules %"-2" long, acumi-
nate; panicle narrow or linear, strict, l'-2J', long, the branches 2-3
together; spikelets 2-3 flowered; glumes lJ"-2" long, acute or acutish,
a little scabrous on the mid vein; palets l /x long, pubescent, villous at
base, the lower one obscurely nerved, but little compressed. Near Long's
Peak, June, at 8,000 altitude, and Mount Lincoln, at 13,000 feet, Coulter.
ERAGROSTIS PURSHII, Beriih. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
FESTUCA OVI^A, L. Meehan. Canon City, Brandegee. Clear Creek,
Porter. Denver, Dr. Smith.
Var. DUR IUSCULA, Gr. Hall & Harbour, G65. ' Twin Lakes, Porter.
East Kiver, Taylor Kiver, and White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet
altitude, Coulter.
Var. BREVIFOLIA, Watson. (F. brevifolia, Br., Steud. Gram., 313.}
King's Rep., vol. 5, p. 389. Tufted; culms low and slender, 4 / -8 /
high ; leaves setaceous and sheaths glabrous, the uppermost leaves
often very short and the sheath rather loose ; panicle racemose and nearly
simple, erect, l'-2' long ; spikelets l/^-tiowered ; flowers terete, some-
what scabrous, about 2" long, twice the length of the awn. Hall & Har-
bour, G66. Parry, 373. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Twin Lakes, Porter.
Along the Platte, Coulter.
BROMUS KALMIT, Gr., var. Culm 12/-18 7 high, smooth; sheaths and
leaves minutely scabrous ; panicle & long, compound, branches minutely
downy ; spikelets 1' long, cauesceut with short appressed silky hairs
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 151
7-9-flowered: glumes 3 r/ -4" long, each 3-nerved, obtuse; lower pallet 5"
long, 7-nerved, awn 1^" long. Twiu Lakes, Porter. Buffalo Peaks and
Sierra Madre Kaoge, Coulter.
BROMUS CILIATUS, L. Divkle between Denver and Colorado Springs,
Porter. Wet Mountain Valley,' Brandegee.
PHRAGMITES COXMUNIS, L. STear Denver, Dr. Smith.
TRITICUM REPEXS, L. Hall & Harbour, 655. Denver, Dr. Smith.
I>. H. Smith. Canon City, Branclegee. Meelian. Along the Platte and on
Weston's Pass, Coulter. Known as u blue-joint."
TRITICUX CAXIXUX, L. Hall & Harbour, 680.
TRITICOC STRIGOSUM, Steud. Gram., 347. (Bromns, Bieb. T. cegilo-
poides* Turcz.) Resembling the last, but glaucous, the leaves narrow
and re volute; spike narrow-linear, with the spikelets shorter than the
joints or but little exceeding them; glumes obtuse or acutish, or some-
times acuminate. Hall & Harbour, 657. Ute Pass, Porter. Plains of
the Platte, Coulter. Canby.
LEPTURUS PAXICULATUS. ETntt. Denver, Dr. Smith. Colorado Springs,
Porter. Fremont County, Brandegee.
HORDEUX JUBATOI, L. Denver, Dr. Smith. B. H. Smith. Colorado
Springs and South Park, Porter. Caiion City, Brandegee. Plains of the
Platte, Coulter. A common and showy grass, the panicles often being
purplish.
HORDEOT PRATEXSE, Huds. Colorado Springs and South Park,
Porter. Plains of the Platte, Coulter.
ELYMUS CANABEXSIS, L. Colorado Springs, Porter.
ELY3IUS COXDEXSATUS, Presl. Steud. Grain., 351. Culm stont, 3-8
iiigh, roughish-puberulent and short-pubescent at the nodes or nearly
glabrous; spike 3 r -15 / long, erect, exserted, or sheathed at base, some-
times close-paniculate; spikelets 2-6 together, 3-10-flowered, puberu-
leut or nearly glabrous, exceeding the internodes of the pubescent rachis;
glumes setaceous-subulate from a very narrow base, 4"-5" long; flowers
4" long, acute or short-awned, or barely acutish, the upper palet 2-
toothed. Hall & Harbour* 654.
ELYMUS SITAXION. Schult., (Sitanion elymoides, Kaf., Steud Gram.,
351. and Polyantlierix Hi/strir, Xees. Steud. Gram., 356J Culms 4'-2
high, tufted, and with the leaves and sheaths glabrous or somewhat
pubescent or scabrous; spike erect, -3' long, squarrose with its long
recurved awns, jointed and fragile at maturity; spikelets in pairs, 2-5-
Howered, smooth or puberulent; glumes entire or usually parted to the
base and the segments unequally 2-eleft, the divisions long-awned, (l'-3';)
flowers 3" long, the awn of the lower palet equaling that of the glumes,
with often a subsidiary awn or tooth on each side at the apex of the
palet. Hall A- Harbour, 679. Canon City, Brandegee. Mountains west
of Denver, Porter. Twin Lakes, Coulter.
DAXTHOXIA SERICEA, Xutt. Hall < Harbour, 622; Meelian. Ute Pass,
Porter. Along the Platte, Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Red field.
AVEXA STRIATA, MX. Hall & Harbour. 623.
TRISETU3I SUBSPICATOI, Bean v. Hall & Harbour, 625 ; Canby. Gray's
Peak, Dr. Smith. Sangre de Cristo Pass, Brandegee. Mount Lincoln, at
13,000 feet altitude, Westou r s Pass, Twin Lakes; Divide at the head of
Lake Creek at 12,000 feet altitude, and White House Mountain, at 12,000
feet, Coulter.
AIRA c JESPITOSA, L. South Park, Porter. Xear Denver, Mount Lin-
152 . SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
coin at 12,000 feet, Weston's Pass, Twin Lakes and Sierra Madre Range,
Coulter.
AiRA DANTHONIOIDES, Trin. Steud. Gram., 221. Annual, glabrous;
culins very slender. 3'-3 high, geniculate at base; sheaths smooth, ex-
ceeding the internodes; lignles elongated; leaves short ('-4') and very
narrow or convolute-setaceous; panicle diffuse, the capillary branchlets
2-4 together and naked below; glumes 2-flowered, with the plumose
rudiment of a third, 2 // -3 // long, exceeding the flowers; lower palet trun-
cate and denticulate, l"-li" long, awned below the middle, the awn
2" -A" long, geniculate; grain free, fiattish, not grooved. Summit of
Gray's Peak, Dr. Smith.
HIEROCHLOA BOREALIS, B. & S. Hall & Harbour, C28. Canon City,
Brandegee. Clear Creek canon, Coulter.
PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
P ASP ALUM SETACEUM, MX. Hall & Harbour, 653.
BECKMANNIA 1 ERUC^EFORMis, Host. Steud. Gram., 15. Culms stout,
lo_3jo high, erect from an ascending base, with the sheaths glabrous ;
ligules elongated ; leaves linear, 4 / -8 / long and 2"-6" wide, flat, acute,
scabrous ; panicle 4 / -12 / long, erect, strict, secuud, the short, crowded
branchlets densely flowered from the base, glabrous ; spikelets sessile,
imbricately arranged in two rows, nearly orbicular, 1J ;/ in diameter, the
upper rudimentary floret minute, stipitate. Hall and Harbour, 658.
Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
PANICUM CAPILLARE, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
PANICUM VIRGATUM, L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith.
PANICUM AMARUM, Ell. Canon City, Brandegee.
PANICUM PAUCIFLORUM, Ell. Canon City, Brandegee.
PANICUM CRUS-GALLI, L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Canon City
Brandegee. Introduced.
SETARIA VIRIDIS, Beauv. Canon City, Brandegee. Introduced.
SETARIA ITALICA, Kunth. Canon City, Brandegee. Introduced.
CENCHRUS TRIBULOIDES, L. Canon City, Brandegee.
ANDROPOGON FURCATUS, Muhl. Divide between Denver and Colo-
rado Springs, Porter.
ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS, MX. Canon City and Wet Mountain Yal-
ley, Brandegee.
ANDROPOGON ARGENTEUS, Ell. Hall & Harbour, 651. Canon City,
Brandegee.
SORGHUM NUTANS, Gray. Cafion City, Brandegee.
EQUISETUM ARVENSE, L. Near Denver, Dr. Smith. Clear Creek, Coul-
ter.
EQUISETUM PRATENSE, Ehrh. Mt. Lincoln, Twin Lakes and Sierra
Madre Range, Coulter.
1 BECKMANNIA, Host. Panicle racemose, contracted. Spikelets compressed, 2-flowered,
the upper floret an abortive rudiment. Glumes 2, ob ovate, compressed boat-shaped.
subcoriaceous, equal, a little shorter than the flower, pointless. Palets membranous.
the lower ovate, concave, acutish. mucronate, 3-nervcd, the upper 2-uerved, bifid,
Stamens 3. Styles 2, with elongated plumose stigmas. Scales 2. bifid, glabrous. Grain
free, glabrous. A coarse perennial aquatic,
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 153
EQUISETUM L^viGATini, Brarm. Xear Denver, Dr. Smith; Porter.
Saint Vrain Canon and Clear Creek, Coulter.
EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM, Sehleicher. Clear Creek, near Denver,
Coulter.
FIL.ICES.
POLYPODIUM VULGARE, L. Hall & Harbour, 694. Grand Canon of
Arkansas, Brandegee.
PTERIS AQTJILINA, L. Along the Platte, and in the Sierra Madre
Range, at 10,000 feet altitude, Coulter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
CHEILANTHES FENDLERI, Hook. Spec. Fil, 2, p. 103. Small ; caudex
creeping, scaly; stipes sparse, scattered, slender, brown, scaly with sub-
ulate, appressed scales, on the main and secondary rachises the scales
more copious, broader, ovate- acuminate, white, glossy brown at the base ;
fronds 2 / -3 / long, ovate-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, pale-green, gla-
brous on both sides, tripinnate ; primary pinnules ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, pinnules rather large for the size of the frond, convex, broad-
cuneate, sessile, somewhat decurrent, retuse at the apex, entire or 2-3-
lobed, the margin of the lobes merely incurved, scarcely confluent and
forming the involucres. Hall & Harbour; Brandegee; Canby. Chiann
Cafion and Glen Eyrie, Porter.
CHEILANTHES TOMENTOSA, Link. Grand Canon of the Arkansas,
Brandegee.
CHEILANTHES LANUGINOSA, Kutt. Meelian. Grand Canon of the
Arkansas, Brandegee. Chianu Canon, Porter.
CHEILANTHES EATONI, Baker. Sijn. Fil., p. 140. Stipes tufted, 3'-G'
in length, wiry, erect, densely clothed with pale brown, linear-subulate
scales ; fronds 3'-%' in length, lJ'-2 7 broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinuatilid ;
lower pinna? distant, alternate or opposite, deltoid ; pinnules linear-oblong,
pinnatifid; rachis rigid, covered with scales like the stipe, which also
cover thickly the midrib of the pinnae beneath, texture coriaceous, upper
surface densely clothed with a white woolly tomentum, lower%lso densely
matted, the margin of the segments incurved. Grand Canon of the
Arkansas, Brandegee.
XOTHOL^ENA FENDLERi, Kunze. Stipes densely tufted, 2 / -4 / long,
wiry, chestnut-brown, naked, the scales linear, bright-ferruginous ; frond
- 7 -3 7 each way, deltoid, tripinnate. all the rachises very zigzag ; pinnae,
pinnules, and segments all stalked, deltoid ; lobes close, oolong, blunt,
not more than I" long, " broad ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface
naked, lower covered with a fine white powder. Abundant throughout
Fremont County, Brandegee. Chiaiiu Canon and Glen Eyrie, Porter.
PELL.EA GRACILIS, Hook. Ten Mile Canon, below Breckenridge,
Brandegee.
PELL.EA ATROPURPUREA, Link. Glen Eyrie, Porter.
PELLJEA WRIG-HTIAXA, Hook. (P. (Allosorus) mucronata, Eaton. Sill.
Jour., July, 1S56J Stipes tufted, 2 / -4 / long, strong, erect, naked, dark-
brown, polished; fronds 3'-G' long, V-3' broad, deltoid, bipiunate; pinna3
spreading or erect patent, rigid, I 7 or more long, with several distant,
linear, oblong pinnules, sterile ones flat, ovate, fertile ones narrowed,
revolute on the margins, 3 /7 -4 7/ long, with a sharp, mucrouate point;
rachis chestnut-brown, polished like the stipe ; texture coriaceous, both
surfaces naked, pale glaucous-green; involucre broad, coriaceous, rolled
permanently over the sori. Canon City and vicinity, Brandegee.
CRYPTOGRAMME ACROSTICHOIDES, E. Br. (Allosorus acrostickoides,
154 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
SprengJ Hall & Harbour, 688; Parry. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee.
Sierra Madre Bauge, Gothic Mountain and Mountain of the Holy Gross,
Coulter.
ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE, L. Fronds many from tufted root-
stocks, 3'-5' high, on very long stipes, erect; pinnae 2-4, narrow, linear,
erect, entire at base, with 2-several setaceous divisions at the summit
Hall & Harbour, 689. Grand Canon of the Arkansas, Brandegee: Red-
field.
ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES, L. Grand Canon of the Arkansas,
Brandegee.
ASPLENIUM EBENEUM, Ait. Green Horn Mountains, E. L. Greene.
ASPLENIUM FILIX-FCEMINA, Bernh. Hoopes.
PHEGOPTERIS DRYOPTERIS, Fee. Hall & Harbour, 695.
ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS, Swartz: Hall & Harbour, 687. Grand Canon
of the Arkansas, Brandegee. Along the foot-hills west of Denver, Coul-
ter.
CYSTOPTERIS FRACHLIS, Bernh. Hall & Harbour, 690; Canby. South
Park, Porter. Wet Mountain Valley, Brandegee. Bear Creek, near Den-
ver, Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 feet altitude, Twin Lakes and White House
Mountain, Coulter.
WOODSIA SCOPULINA, Eaton. Boot-stock short, creeping ; stalks 2'-- 1'
high, chaffy at the base, stramineous, puberulent, like the rachis and under
surface of the frond, with minute flattened hairs and stalked glands;
fronds lanceolate, '-8' long, pinnate; piume numerous, S^-IO" long,
pinuatifid with 10-16 short ovate or oblong crenulate or toothed divis-
ions; indusium very delicate, deeply cleft into laciniae, which terminate
in short hairs composed of irregular cylindrical cells. Colorado, fide D.
C. Eaton.
WOODSIA OREGANA, Eaton. Canby. Chiann Canon, South Park
and Upper Arkansas, Porter. MeeJian. Wet Mountain Valley, Bra nclegee.
Long's Peak and Twin Lakes, Coulter. Grand Canon of the Arkansas,
Red field.
BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINICUM, Swartz. Grand Canon of the Arkansas,
Brandegee.
L.YCOPODIACE 2E.
LYCOPODIUM ANNOTINUM, L. White House Mountain, Coulter.
SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS, Spring. Sierra Madre Bange, Coulter.
On rocks, in Glen Eyrie and South Park, Porter.
MUSCI.
BY LEO LESQUEREUX, ESQ.
The mosses here enumerated and described were collected in Colorado
Territory, by Elihu Hall in 1865, Major Downie in 1868, Prof. Thos.
C. Porter, and by the assistants of Dr. F. V. Hayden and myself
in 1872 and 1873. A few mentioned in Hayden's Beport of 1872, from
the mountains north of Colorado, and in Watson Catalogue, from Utah
and the Uiutas, all species likely to be found in Colorado Territory,
are added. Considering that none of the botanists who have gathered
these materials made in their researches a specialty of this class of
plants, which mostly grow in deep and dark ravines of difficult
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 155
access, and that, too, the eastern slopes of the Kocky Mountains are /
mostly bare of trees and deprived of atmospheric humidity, the essen-
lial food of the mosses, this catalogue is already remarkably rich and
interesting in many points.
SPHAGNUM ACUTIFOLIUM, Ehrh., var. TENERUM, Sulliv. & Lesqx.
Muse. Bor.-Am. ^o. 11.
Hob. Uinta Mountains, Porter. Colorado, Hall; Downie.
PHASCUM CARNIOLICUM, Web. & Mohr. A very rare species, found
as yet in Caruiola and Sardinia only.
Hab. Western plains of Kansas ; upon silex. Hall.
PHASCUM CUSPIDATUM, var. . PILIFERUM, Schreb.
Hal). Along the Platte. Hall.
WEISIA CRISPULA, Hedw. Immature specimens.
Hub. Low mountains. Hall.
WEISIA CIRRHATA, Hedw. This form approaches the former species.
By its capsule and its aunulus it is referable to W. cirrhata; the leaves,
however, are longer, their borders scarcely reflexed, and the articulations
of the pale red teeth less marked than in the normal form. An species
propria ?)
Hab. Mountains. Hall.
GY3IXOSTO3IU3I RUPESTRE,
Hab.Gleu Eyrie, 1872. Porter.
DiCRA^roi GRACILESCENS, Web. & Mohr.
Hab. On wet rocks; high mountains. Hall.
DICKASOI VIRENS, Hedw.
Hab. On stones in alpine brooks, near snow-range ; not rare.
I)icRANU3i PELLrciDini. Hedw., var. FAGIMONTANUM, Brid. The
same remarkable variety as found in Vermont.
Hab. Mountains; (coll. 1873).
DlCRANOI VARIU3I, Hedw.
Hab. Base of the mountains. Hall.
DlCRANUM FUSCESCENS, Turn.
Hab. Twin Lakes, in pine woods. Downie. (Expl. 1873.)
DICRAXOI MUHLENBECKII, Bryol. Eur.
Hab. Roots of trees, pine-region ; not rare.
DlCRA^ritt RHABDOCARPOX, Slllliv.
Hab. Alpine ; moist places on the ground. Hall ; Downie. A rare
species, found in good fruiting specimens, which confirm Sullivant's
diagnosis, made irom specimens too old, in Contrib. to Bry. 1, p. 172,
pi. iii.
CAXPYLOPUS HALLI, (sp. nor.) Plantoe csespitosse, colorelutescente-
virides, sericeo-nitentes ; caulis vix pollicaris, pluries dichotonius, basi
iiudus (non radiculosus). Folia stricta, erecto-subaperta lanceolata,
tubulosa, e toto Itevia, integerrima, nervo latissimo foliam iiitegrani
eqnidem ad basiin occupante, cellulis alaribus paucis, rufescentibus
quadra to -in flat is.
Hab. Mountains. Hall.
CAMPYLOPUS FRIGIDUS, (sp. nor.)
Priori nervo dilatato affinis ; diifert foliis angustis, longioribus, linear-
ibus, canaliculatis, margine versus apicem denticulatis, dorso scabris.
As in the former species the medial nerve tills the whole leaf except
only four alar cells at the base; these cells are round. Two other forms,
156 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
one differing from this species by its reflexed leaves, and another with a nar-
rower medial nerve and broader leaves, are considered as mere varieties.
Hal). ISTear snow-range, on the ground. Hall.
PHAROMITRIUM SUBSESSILE, Schp. Synops. Muse.
Hal). Sand-hills on the plains. Hall. Moist sand, base of the hills
near Point of Rocks. Lesquereux ; (also Explor., 1873).
POTTIA CAVIFOLIA, Hedw. On the Platte near the mountains. Hall.
POTTIA HEIMIT, Schp. Synop. Muse.
Hal). Mountains of Colorado ; sandy ground. Hall; (also Explor. of
1873.)
ANACALYPTA LATIFOLIA, Schwregr.
Hal). Tops of rocks in the mountains, Downie. Uinta Mountains, Wat-
son's Catalogue.
^ DIDYMODON HUBELLUS, Bryol. Eur.
Hob. On stone and ground, plains and mountains; common.
DISTICHIUM CAPILLACETTM, Bryol. Europ.
Hob. Base of overhanging rocks, high mountains ; not rare.
DISTICHIUM INOLINATUM, Bryol. Eur.
Hal). Same stations as the former; Bear River Canon, Uinta Moun-
tains; Watsons Catalogue.
^ CERATODON PURPUREUS, Brid.
Hob. Everywhere on humected rocks and ground, collected by all
the explorations.
LEPTOTRICHUM GLAUCESCENS (Hampe,) Hedw.
Hob. Mountain slopes near Twin Lakes. Downie.
DESMATODON LATIFOLIUS, Bryol. Europ.
Hal>. Mountains of middle altitude in Colorado. Hall.
Y DESMATODON LATIFOLIUS, var. ,9. GLACIALIS, Bryol. Eur.
Hal). High mountains near Twin Lakes. Downie. (Also in Explor.
1873.)
DESMATODON SISTYLIUS, Bryol. Eur.
Hab. Near snow-range; mountains of Colorado. Downie. A very
rare and fine species, mostly of the glacial regions, like the following
one. Both are known from the Dofrafield Mountains of Norway.
DESMATODON LAURERI (Sclmltz). Bryol. Eur.
Hab. The same locality as the former. Downie.
BARBULA RIGIDA, Sehultz.
Hab. Plains along the Platte ; only found sterile. Hall.
BARBULA SUBULATA, Brid.
Hab. Near Salt Lake, 011 rocks ; Watson's Catalogue.
BARBULA MUCRONIFOLIA, Schwa?gr.
Hab. Middle elevations ; on rocks and banks. Hall The moss referred
to the former species is probably the same as this, which is found all
through the Rocky Mountains, and has been distributed in Drummond's
collections as B. subulata, which, however, chiefly inhabits the plains.
^ BARBULA RURALIS, Hedw.
Hab. Low mountains, on dry rocks, &c.; common.
GRIMMIA CONFERTA, Funk.
Hab. Rocks base of the mountains. Hall. (Also Explor. of 1873.)
MMIA APOCARPA, Hedw.
Hab. Same localities as the former; more common.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 157
GRIMMIA PLAGIOPODTA, Hedw.
Hab. On rocks ; in the mountains. Hall.
GRIMMIA TRICHOPHYLLA, Grew.
Hab. Shaded rocks, in low mountains. Hall.
\ GRIMMIA OVATA, Web. and Mohr.
Hab. On rocks, mountain region. Hall.
GRIMMIA OYATA, var. ,5. AFFINIS, Bryol. Eur.
Hab. Same localities as the former. Hall; (also Explor. 1873.)
GRIMMIA LEUCOPH^EA, Grev.
Hab. On flat sand rocks, from the plains to the mountains, (Explor.
of' 1873,) ; also abounds at Point of Kocks, Wyoming. Lesquereux.
GRIMMIA CALYPTRATA, Hook.
Hab. Dry rocks in low mountains. Hall.
This moss on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains is rarely as well
developed as in California, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The pul-
vini are low and the stems slender.
KACOMITRIUM HETEROSTICHUM, Brid.
Hab. Humected rocks in the mountains. Found in poor specimens
by Hall ; (also in Explor. of 1873.)
HEDWHHA CILIATA, Ehrh.
Hab. On rocks, near the base of the mountains ; not rare.
ZYGODOX LAPPOXICUS, Bryol. Europ.
Hab. Near Sand Lake ?, iu poor specimens ; (Explor. 1873.)
ORTHOTRICHUM HUTSCHINSLE, Smith.
Hab.rOn rocks, borders of creeks, base of the mountains ; common.
jf ORTHOTRICHUM ANOMALUM, Hedw.
Hab. Same stations as the former ; more rarely found. Hall.
ORTHOTRICHUM HALLII, hulry. & Lesqx., in tiulliv. Icones, Supple-
ment, PL 45.
Orthotrico strangulate affine ; differt foliis superne valde utra facie
papillosis; capsula sicca cylindrical, sub ore hand vel vix coiistricta; ca-
lyptra lata capsulam totam tegente, etc.
Hab. On rocks in the mountains. Hall.
ORTHOTRICHUM UTAHENSB, Sulliv. Mss.
Priori affine sed robustior; foliis latioribus valde ])apillosis; capsnLe
stomatibus immersis. The specimens (too old) have not any capsule with
the peristome.
Hab. Ogden Canon, on shaded perpendicular rocks. Lesquereux.
ORTHOTRICHUM SPECIOSUM, var. Xees.
A nne variety with slender steins and male plants entirely covered
with thick male buds. The habitat is as remarkable as the form of the
plants, it being, as indicated by Hall, upon rocks on low mountains, while
in the plains the species is only found upon trees.
ENCALYPTA COMMUTATA, Xees & Hornsch.
Hab. High cliffs, near Twin Lakes. Doicnie.
v- ENCALYPTA YULGABIS, Hedw.
J/&. Slopes and fissures of rocks ; low mountains ; common.
EXCALYPTA STREPTOCARPA, Hedw. Sterile.
Hab. Glen Eyrie. Porter.
ENCALYPTA RHABDOCARPA, Schwsegr.
Hab. Same locality as the former ; less frequent.
ENCALYPTA RHABDOCARPA, var. ?
Foliis piliferis, areolatione compacta, papilloso-rugosa ; capsula sub-
158 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
striata sicca plicato-striata, apophysata ; peristomio nullo ; calyptra
longiori fusca, apice rugosa.
This form is referable, by its leaves and the ribbed capsule, to E. rhab-
docarpa: by the absence of peristome to E. vulgar-is, and by the apoph-
ysate capsule to E. apophysata, IS. & H. It is apparently a new spe-
cies. The specimens, however, are too few and incomplete for a satis-
factory diagnosis.
Hob. High mountains. Mixed with Desmatodon sistylius. Downie.
DISSODON FRCELICHIANUS, Froel.
A tine and rare species found in good specimens.
Hab. Mountains of Colorado. Hall.
DISSODON HORNSCHUCHII, Grev., Arn.
Hob. Near Twin Lakes. Downie.
TAYLORIA SPLACHNOIDES. Hook.
Hab. Same locality as the former. Downie.
PHYSCOMITRIUM TETRAGONUM, Brid.
Hob. Moist sandy soil on the plains. Rail. A very rare species, found
only once before in this country.
PHYSCOMITRIUM PYRIFORME, Brid.
Hal). Moist ground, on the plains and in the mountains.
FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA, Hedw.
Hob. Humected rocks and ground ; common.
FUNARIA HYBERNICA, Hook.
Hob. Mountains of Colorado ; (Explor. of 1873.)
LEPTOBRYUM PYRIFORME, (Linn.,) Schp.
Hal). Wet ground, under the shade of pines ; common.
WEBERA ELONGATA, Schwsegr.
Hob. High mountains ; fissures of rocks. Hall.
WEBERA NUTANS, Schreb.
Hal). Shaded ground in the mountains ; not rare.
WEBERA CRUDA, Schreb.
Hub. At the base of overhanging rocks and fissures; not rare.
WEBERA LUDWIGIT, Spreng.
Hob. High mountains; sandy soil along rivulets. Hall; Doicnie.
(Expl. of 1873.)'
, BRYUM PENDULUM, (Hornsch.,) Schp.
Hab. On the ground, low mountains; common.
BRYUM PENDULUM, var. MONTANUM. Forma normal! differt ; capsula
graciliori, obovato-pyriformi, operculo longiori acutiusculo ; areolationis
foliorum ductibus iutercellularibus crassioribus, margine foliorum vix
coftspicuo concolore, nervo viridi in acumine longiori producto. It is
apparently a distinct species.
Hab. Mixed with Pottia Heimii. High mountains. Downie. It is
also in the collections of 1873, by Dr. Hayden's assistants.
^ BRYUM INTERMEDIUM, Web. & Mohr.
Hal). Fissures of humected rocks ; not rare.
^ BRYUM CIRRHATUM, Hoppe & Hornsch.
Hab. Grassy slopes and fissures of rocks, Twin Lakes. Downie.
BRYUM BIMUM, Schreb.
Hab. Wet meadows ; common.
BRYUM MUHLENBECKII, Bryol. Eur.
Hab. Eocky Mountains; from specimens in Sullivanfs herbarium coin-
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 159
municated by General Palmer. This species is often confounded with.
Bryum alplnum from its close likeness to it.
/"BRYUM c^spiTiciU3i, Linn.
Sab. Dry ground ; common everywhere.
..' BRYUM ARGENTEUM, Linn.
Hab. Same localities as the former ; rare in the Rocky Mountains.
BRYU3I PSEUDO-TRIQUETRU3I, Hedw.
Hab. Springs on rocks. Downie.
BRYUM ROSEUM, Dill.
Hab. Shade of pine woods in canons. Explor. of 1873.
ZlERIA DE3IISSA, (Homscll.,) Schp.
Hab. Fissures of rocks; high mountains near Twin Lakes; rare.
Doicnic.
^ MKEUM CUSPID ATUM, Hedw.
Hab. Shaded wet places ; low mountains. Hall.
y MNIUM SERRATUM, Schrad.
Hab. Sandy ground, springs and borders of streams ; not rare.
MNIUM SPOOSUM, Yoit.
Hab. Mountains of middle altitude, under pines. Downie.
MNiroi SPINULOSUM, Bryol. Eur. KI .
Hab. Same places as the former; in open pine woods. Hall.
MNIU3I PUNCTATUM, Lillll.
Hal). Springs in low mountains; sterile. Hall.
AMBLYODON DEALBATUS, Pal. Beauv.
Hab. Boggy ground ; plain and mountains. Twin Lakes. Downie.
MEESIA ULIGESOSA, Hedw.
Hab. Moist earth ; fissures of rocks. Hall.
AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE, SdlWregr.
Hab. Boggy places, plains and mountains; common.
BARTRAMIA ITHYPHYLLA, Brid.
Hab. Fissures of shaded rocks, middle altitude ; not rare.
BARTRAMIA FONTANA, Brid.
Hab. Everywhere along streams and on wet rocks, with its numerous
varieties, gracilis, alinna,falcata, &c.
TnmiA MEaAPOLiTAXA, Hedw.
' Hab. Shaded banks and wet fissures of rocks; not rare.
TIMMIA AUSTRIACA, Hedw.
Hab. Same positions, at greater altitude; rare. Hall; Doicnie.
POGOXATOl URNIGERUM, (f) Linil.
Specimens too young and incomplete. May represent P. capillary
Brid., which is closely allied to P. urmgerum. Indeed, botli species are
considered by many as the same.
Hab. Twin Lakes. Doicnie.
POG-ONATUM ALPINUM, Boelll.
Hab. ^Yet rocks, waterfalls, c., middle stations.
It is mostly represented in the Rocky Mountains in its var. d. brcvi-
fulium* Sch[).
POLYTRICIIADELPHUS LYALL1I, Mitten.
Hab. Pine-woods, middle region. Hall.
POLYTRICHUM GRACILE, MenzieS.
Hab. Swampy ground in the mountains. Hall.
1GO SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
POLYTRICHUM PILIFERUM, Sclirel).
Hal). Upon earth covering sand-rocks ; common.
POLYTRICHUM PILIFERUM, var. L^EVIPILUM.
Polytrichum Icevipilum, Hampe.
Hab. The same localities as the normal form, ascending,* however,
to a higher altitude. Hall.
^ POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM, Hedw.
^ Hab. Slopes iii the mountains, on moist ground.
It is common, mostly represented by its alpine form, var. 8. alpinum,
Schp.
FONTINALIS ANTIPYRETICA, Linn., var.
F. Neo-Mexicana, Snlliv. & Lesqx.
Hab. Creeks and rivulets, attached to rocks. Hall.
DICHELYMA CAPILLACEUM, Bryol. Eur.
Hab. Swift running streams ; rare. Hall; (and Explor. of 1873).
THUIDIUM BLANDOWII, Web. & Molir.
Hab. Pine- woods near Twin Lakes. Downie.
THUIDIUM ABIETINUM, Bryol. Eur.
Hal). Glen Eyrie, along \\it\iHypnum rugosum. Ehrh. Porter.
HYPNUM (ELODIUM) PALUDOSUM, Sulliv.
Hab. Swamps in the Parks. Hall.
CLIMACIUM DENDROIDES I Web.
Hab. Boggy places in the mountains, sterile. It has been collected
by both Hall and Downie in the same undeterminable state of growth.
The leaves are shorter and more closely imbricated than in C. Amcrica-
nunij Brid.
PYLAIS^SA INTRICATA, (Hedw.,) Schp.
Hab. On trees, base of the mountains. The specimens are without
fruit, and the species somewhat uncertain.
/ HYPNUM (BRACHYTHECIUM) LJETUM, Brid.
** Hab. On the ground, shaded, grassy banks. Downie.
HYPNUM (BRACHYTHECIUM) ALBTCANS, Xeck.
Hab. On rocks, Uinta Mountains. Watson's Catalogue.
HYPNUM (BRACHYTHECIUM) COLLINUM, Sebp.
A variety merely differing from the European form by its conical oper-
culuin. As the specimens have a single ripe capsule, it cannot be ascer-
tained if this character is merely casual.
Hab. Grassy banks in the mountains. Hall; Downie.
HYPNUM (BRACHYTHECIUM) CAMPESTRE, Brch. & Schp.
Hab. Borders of Sand Lake; sterile. (Explor. of 1873.)
^ HYPNUM (EURYNCHIUM) STRIGOSUM, Hoffm.
A diminutive form, closely resembling H. diversifolium.
Hab. Boots of pines ; hills and low mountains. Hall.
>( HYPNUM (EURYNCHIUM) DIVER SIFOLIUM, Bryol. Eur.
Hab. Bark of dead pines in the Uiutas. Watson's Catalogue.
HYPNUM (PLACHOTHECIUM) NITIDULUM, Wahl.
The form is exactly corresponding with the European specimens and
diifers from the Xorth American eastern specimens ; referable to a dif-
ferent species.
Hub. Moist shaded banks, pine region. Downie.
HYPNUM (PLAGIOTHECIUM) L^ETUM, Schpr.
Hab. Same stations as the former. Hall.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 161
HYPNUM (LIMNOBIUM) EUGYRIUM, Schpr.
Hob. On stones, in mountain streams. Hall.
HYPNUM (AMBLYSTEGIUM) SUBTILE? Hoffm.
It is apparently the species. The capsule is too old tor positive de-
termination.
Hob. Upon stones, in dry creeks. Hall.
HYPNUM (AMBLYSTEGIUM) SERPENS, Linn.
Hal. Wet ground, near springs and shaded banks. Hall.
HYPNUM (AMBLYSTEGIUM) RADICALE, Brid.
Hob. Decayed wood, in canons. Hall.
HYPNUM (AMBLYSTEGIUM) ORTHOCLADON, Beauv.
Hab. On stones, borders of shaded springs. Hall.
HYPNUM (CAMPYLIUM) HISPIDULUM, Brid.
Hab. Eoots of trees, low mountains. Hall.
HYPNUM ADUNCUM, Hedw. var. ?. polycarpum, Schpr.
Hab. Twin Lakes. Doicnie.
HYPNUM FLUITANS, Dill.
Hab. Same as the former ; sterile. Doicnie.
A HYPNUM UNCINATUM, Hedw.
Hab. Decayed wood, moist ground, &c. ; common.
HYPNUM FILICINUM, Linn.
Hab. Eocks humected by springs. Hall.
HYPNUM (RHITIDIUM) RUGOSUM, Ehrh.
Hab. Dry ground, mountains of middle altitude ; common.
HYPNUM (DREPANIUM) REPTILE, Michn.
Hab. Eoot of trees in pine woods, same altitude. Hall.
HYPNUM (DREPANIUM) PALLESCENS, Schpr.
Hab. On the bark of dead pines, Uinta Mountains. Watson's
Catalogue.
/ HYPNUM (DREPANIUM) CUPRESSIFORME, Hedw.
Hab. On trunks of dead pines ; not rare.
HYPNUM (DREPANIUM) IMPONENS, Hedw.
Hab. On decayed wood, base of the mountains. Hall.
HYPNUM (CTENIDIUM) MOLLUSCUM, Hedw.
Hab. Humected perpendicular rocks, in cafions. Hall.
HYPNUM GIGANTEUM, Schpr.
Hab. Hot Springs, National Park. (Explor. of 1872.)
HYPNUM NITENS, Schreb.
Hab. Low grounds, in boggy places. Hall; Dotcnie.
By HENRY WILLEY, ESQ.
DACTYLINA MADREPIFORMIS, Wulf. Horse Shoe Mountain, at
11,000 feet altitude, July 18. (1.)
CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Ach. An infertile fragment. (2.)
USNEA TRICHODEA, Ach. (3.)
THELOSCHISTES PARIETINUS, (L.) (4.)
PARMELIA KAMTSCHADALIS, Eschw., var. AMERICANA, Xyl. Horse
Shoe Mountain, at 11,000 feet altitude. Infertile. (5.)
11 F c
162 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
PARMELIA CAPERATA, Ach. Infertile. (6.)
PARMELIA CONSPERSA, Ach. (7.)
PARMELIA OLIVACEA, Ach., var. EXASPERATA, Dw. (8.)
PARHELIA LANATA, Kyi. Mount La Plata, at 14,200 feet altitude,
August 3. Infertile. (9.)
UMBILICARIA CYLINDRICA, Ach. (10.)
UMBILICARIA RUGIFERA, Kyi. (11)
PELTIGERA APHTHOSA, Hoffm. (12.)
PELTIGERA CANINA, Hoffni. (13.)
SOLORINA BISPORA, Kyi. Syn. p. 331. White-House Mountain, at
13,800 feet altitude, August. Perhaps, as Kyi. observes, only a variety
of S. saccata, from which it differs in its more urceolate apothecia and
thekes containing only two spores, which in the specimens before me
measure .054 to .110 mm. long and .027 to .040 mm. wide. Kew to this
continent. (14.)
COLLEMA PULPOSUM, Ach. Infertile. (15.)
PLACODIUM CORALLOIDES, Tuck. A small, infertile fragment. (16.)
PLACODIUM ELEGANS, DO. (17.)
PLACODIUM CALLOPISMUM, Ach. (18.)
PLACODIUM VITELLINUM, (Ehrh.,) Ach. (19.)
PLACODIUM CERINUM, Ach., var., STILLICIDIORIUM, Ach. On mosses.
(20.)
PLACODIUM BOLACINUM, Tuck.! White House Mountain, at an eleva-
tion of 13,000 feet, August, (21.)
LECANORA STRAMINEA, Wahl. A small, infertile fragment. (22.)
LECANORA MURALIS, (Schreb.,) Schser. (23.)
LECANORA RUBINA, Ach. (24.)
LECANORA ?. A very small and imperfect specimen, belonging
to the section Squamaria and distinguished chiefly by its large spore^,
which are from 4 to 8 in the thekes, and measure from .019 to .027 mm.
long bv .007-.008 mm. \* ide. I cannot refer it to any described species.
(25.)
LECANORA SUBFUSCA, Ach. (26.)
LECANORA YARIA, Fr. (27.)
LECANORA BRUNONIS, Tuck.? White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet
altitude, August. The very small fragment seems to belong here, but
the spores are at length 4-locular, .015 to .018 mm. long by .004 to .005
wide. (28.)
LECANORA CINEREA, (L.) (29.)
LECANORA CALCAREA, (L.,) Somf. White House Mountain at 13,000
feet altitude, August. The specimens are elegantly emgurate. This
form has before occurred, I believe, on this continent only in Greenland.
(30.)
LECANORA CHLOROPHANA, (Wahl.,) Ach. The specimens mostly deal-
bate. (31.)
LECANORA XANTHOPHANA, Kyi. (32.)
LECANORA CERVINA, (Pers.,) Sonif. (33.)
EINODINA OREINA, (Ach.,) Mass. (34.)
RINODINA SOPHODES, (Ach.,) Mass. (35.)
STEREOCAULON PASCHALE, Laur. ? Infertile. (36.)
SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO. 163
STEEEOCAULON CONDENSATUM, Laur. ? Infertile. (37.)
CLADONIA PYXIDATA, Fr. (38.)
CLADONIA FURCATA, Flk., var. RACEMOSA, ib. (39.)
CLADONIA VERMICULARIS, Ach. Head-waters of Platte Kiver, at
10,000 feet altitude. Spermogones and spermatia similar to those de-
scribed by Xylander, have occurred to nie in White House Mountain
specimens of this plant. (40.)
LECIDEA CONTIGUA, Fr. White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet alti-
tude, August. (41.)
LECIDEA CONTIGUA. Fr. ?, with smaller apothecia. Mount La Plata, at
14,000 feet altitude. (41a.)
LECIDEA CONFLUENS, Schaer. White House Mountain, at 13,000 feet
altitude. (42.)
LECIDEA ENTEROLEUCA, Fr. On twigs; the thallus lutescent. (43.)
LECIDEA ATRO-BRUNNEA, (B.C.,) Schaer. Mount La Plata, at 14,000
feet altitude. (44.)
LECIDEA LUGUBRIS, (Sornf.,) Nyl. White House Mountain, at 13,000
feet altitude. (45.)
LECIDEA LAPICIDEA, Ach. A single small specimen. (46.)
BUELLIA ALBO-ATRA, (Hoffm.,) Nyl. White House Mountain, at
13,000 feet altitude. (47.)
BUELLIA GEOGRAPHIC A, -(L.,) Th. Fr. (48.)
STAUROTHELE UMBRINA, (Wahl.,) Tuck. A few traces of this lichen
occurred on fragments of rocks with other lichens. (49.)
YERRUC ARIA PYRENOPHORA, Nyl. f A single small specimen. Spores
2-locular, .027-.32 mm. long by .012-.14 wide. White House Mountain,
at 13,000 feet altitude. (50.)
YERRUC ARIA ? Thallus hardly any. Apothecia sessile, globose,
with a depressed artiole; perithecia black, entire 5 paraphyses indistinct.
Eeaction with iodine various, red. Spores 2-val., 4-pluri-locular, irregu-
larly muriforni, colorless or slightly fusescent, .027-.36 mm. long by
.015-.18 wide. The very small quantity of this which occurred is hardly
sufficient for its determination. It is perhaps new. (51.)
YERRUCARIA ? Parasitic on a sterile thallus, which is perhaps
that of Buellia epigcea. Apothecia minute, emergent; paraphyses dis-
tinct capillary, not colored by iodine. Spores 4-several, acutely ellip-
soid, constricted in the middle, 4-locular, submuriforin, colored, .029-.38
mm. long by .008-.12 mm. wide. (52.)
ENDOCOCCUS ERRATICUS, (Mass.,) Nyl. Parasitic on Placodium ele-
gans. The internal characteristics appear to agree with this species.
Paraphyses deficient. Eeaction with iodine various, red. Thekes ven-
tricose, polysporous. Spores 2-locular, colored, .008-.11 mm. long, by
.004-.5 mm. wide. Kew to this continent. (53.)
FUNGI.
BY CHARLES H. PECK, ESQ.
AGARICUS LACCATUS, Scop. Pileusthin, convex, sometimes expanded ;
even or slightly umbilicate, smooth, or minutely scaly, hygrophanous
when moist dull reddish-yellow, or reddish flesh-colored, sometimes stri
atulate on the margin, when dry pallid or pale dull ochraceousj lamel
Ise broad, rather thick and distant, not decurrent, flesh-colored j stem
164 SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF COLORADO.
slender, firm, fibrous, stuffed, equal, concolorous. Plant very variable,
1-6 inches high ; pileus .5-2 inches broad. Twin-Lake Creek, August.
AG-ARICUS YELTJTIPES, Curt. Caespitose ; pileus fleshy, thin on the
margin, convex, smooth, very viscid, dull yellow with a brownish disk
or bright reddish-yellow ; lamella close, rounded behind, slightly at-
tached, yellowish ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow or
stuffed, generally velvety and brown, sometimes pale yellow and prim-
rose. Plant 1-2 inches high 5 pileus 5-1.5 broad. Twin-Lake Creek,
August.
AGARICUS ILLICITUS, Peck. Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex or
expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, very dark brown when moist, paler
when dry ; lamell* close, broad, tapering outwardly, plane or ventricose,
rounded behind, with a very slight decurrent tooth, pale dingy brown ;
stem firm, equal, hollow, scabrous, distinctly striate at the top, paler
than the pileus. Plant 1.5-2 inches high ; pileus 1-1.5 inches broad.
Twin-Lake Creek, August.
* AGARICUS. 1 Twin-Lake Creek, August.
*LACTARIUS ? Twin-Lake Creek, August.
LENZITES SEPIARIA, Fr. Pileus coriaceous, tough, dimidiate, often
elongated, zoned, strigose-tomentose, brown, generally paler or yellow-
ish on the margin ; lamellae rather thick, slightly branched or anas-
tomosing, yellowish, inclining to brown.
Yar. ft. POROSA. Lamellae abundantly anastomosing and forming
pores. Mount of the Holy Cross and Twin-Lake Creek, August.
DACRYMYCES STILLATUS, STees. Subrotund, convex, often plicate,
yellow or orange, color persistent ; spores multiseptate. White House
Mountain, August.
PUCCINIA PORTERI, Peck. (n. sp.) Spots none; sori aniphigeuous,
crowded or scattered, rotund, rather small, prominent, brown ; spores
oblong or obovate-oblong, constricted in the middle, about .0016 inch
long, .0007-.0009 inch broad ; peduncles hyaline, one-half to twice the
length of the spore. On leaves of Veronica alpina. Twin Lakes, July.
The sori, which are about .018 inch in diameter, occupy the whole under
surface of the leaf, being so closely placed as to appear almost confluent.
In some instances they appear suffused by a cinereous hue, due, perhaps,
to the germination of the spores. The sori on the upper surface of the
leaves are scattered and comparatively few. The species seems to be
related to P. brunnea, Billings, from which it may be separated by its
amphigenous habit and hyaline peduncles. Dedicated by its discoverer,
John M. Coulter, to Prof. T. 0. Porter.
PEZIZA VULCANALIS, Peck. Hay deli's 6th Arm. Rep., 1872. Cup fleshy,
funnel-form, stipitate, crenate on the margin, smooth when fresh, rugu-
lose and more or less brown when dry; hymeuium pale orange; stem
slender, solid, smooth, brown ; asci cylindrical ; paraphyses slightly thick-
ened at the tips ; spores elliptical, smooth, 0.0004-0.0006 inch long, 0.0003
inch broad. Plant, 6-10 lines high ; cup 4-6 lines broad. Ground.
Twin-Lake Creek, August.
PEZIZA SCUTELLATA, L. Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, shal-
low or plane, vermillion, externally paler and hispid, with straight brown
or black hairs; asci cylindrical; paraphyses clavate at the tips; spores
elliptical, .0008 inch long. Plant usually about one-fourth of an inch in
diameter, the hymenium fading in drying. Twin-Lake Creek, August.
'Not in determinable condition.
INDEX,
Page -
Abies
Douglasii, Lindl 1*31
Engelraanni, Parry 130
grandis, Lindl 131
Menziesii, Lindl 131
Abronia, Juss 116
cycloptera, Gray 116
f ragrans, Nutt 116
Abutilon, Tourn 16
parvulum, Gray 16
Acer
glabmm, Torr 18
tripartitum, Nutt 18
Acerates
auriculata, Engelm 114
decmnbens, Decne 114
viridiflora, Ell 114
Achillea
Millef olium, L 77
Aconitum
nasutum, Fisch 5
Actsea
aryiita. Xutt 5
spicata, L 5
Actinella
acaulis, Xutt 75
grandiflora, T. & G 76
Richardsonii, Nutt 76
scaposa, Nutt 76
Adoxa, L 53
Moschatelliua, L 53
Agaricns
illieitus, Peck 163
laccatus, Scop 164
velutinus, Curtis 164
Agrimonia
Eupatoria, L 34
Agrostis
canina, L 143
exarata, Trin 143
scabra, Willd 143
vulgaris, With 143
Aira
csespitosa, L 151
danthonioides, Trin 152
ALISMACE.E 132
Allionia, L 116
incaruata, L 116
Alliurn
cernuum. Roth 135
reticulatum, Fras 135
Allosorus
acrostichoides, Spring 153
Alnus
incana, Willd 127
viridis, Ait 127
Alopecurus
alpinus, Smith 142 '
aristulatus, MX 142 !
., .
Alsme
biflora, Wahl 14
AMARANTACEJE 119
Amarantus
albus, L 119
retroflexus, L 119
AMARYLLJDACE^: 133
Amblyodon
dealbatus, Pal. Beany 159
Ambrosia
psilostachya. DC 69
trifida, L...'. 69
Amelanchier
Canadensis, T. & G 33
Amianthium
XuttaUH, Gray 133
Amorpha
canescens, Nutt 23
fruticosa, Nutt 23
Ampelopsis
quinquef olia, MX 18
Anacalypta
latifolia, Schwsegr 156
AXACARDIACEJE 19
Andropogon
argenteus, DC 152
furcatus, Muhl 152
scoparius, MX: 152
Androsace
carinata, Torr 90
Chamaejasme, Willd 90
filiformis, Retz 89
occidentalis, Nutt ^>
septentriouaUs, L 89
Anemone
Caroliniana, L 2
cylindrica, Gray 2
mnltifida, DC 2
narcissiflora, L 2
parviflora, MX 2
patens, L 2
Pennsylvania, L 2
Antennaria
alpina, Gsertn '. 79
Carpathica, R. Br
dioica, Gsertn 79
Aniepliora
axiUiflora, Steud 147
Aplwra
humilia, Engelm 126
Aphyllon
f asciculatum, T. & G 90
imifloruin. T. & G 90
APOCYXACE.E 113
Apocinum;
androssemif olium, L 113
cannabinum, L 113
Aplopappus, Cass 65
croceus, Gray 66
166
INDEX.
Page.
Aplopappus Continued.
Fremontii, Gray 66
inuloides, T. & G 66
Lyallii,Gray 66
Macronema, Gray 66
Parryi, Gray 66
pygmseus, Gray 66
rubiginosus, T. & G 65
spinulosus, DC 65
Aquilegia
brevistyla, Hook 4
caerulea, Torr 4
Canadensis, L 4
chrysantha, Gray 4
leptocera, Nutt 4
vulgaris, L 4
Arabia
Drummondii, Gray 6
hirsuta, Scop 6
retrof racta, Grah 6
ARALIACEJS 53
Archangelica
Gmelini, DC 52
Arctostaphylos
Uva-ursi, Spreng 88
Arenaria
alpina, L 14
arctica, Stev 14
congesta, Nutt 13
Fendleri, Gray 13
lateriflora, L 14
verna, L 14
Arceuthobium, Bieb 124
Americanum, Engelm 124
robustum, Engelm 124
Archemora
Fendleri, Gray 52
Argemone
Mexicana, L 6
Argyrothamnia, Miill 126
humilis, Miill 126
Aristida
9 oligantha, MX 146
purpurea, Nutt 146
Arnica
angustif olia, "VVahl 79
Chamissonis, Less 79
cordifolia, Hook 80
latif olia, Bong 80
mollis, Hook 80
Artemisia
arctica, Less 78
borealis, Pall 78
Canadensis, MX 78
discolor, Dougl 78
dracunculoides 78
nlif olia, Torr 78
frigida, Willd 78
Ludoviciana, Nutt 78
Parry i , Gray 78
scopulorum, Gray 78
tridentata, Pursh 78
ASCLEPIADACE^E 113
Asclepias
brachy stepliana, Eng 114
Jamesii, Torr 114
ovalifolia, Decne 114
speciosa, Torr 113
tuberosa, L. 114
verticillata, L. 114
Page.
Aspidium
Filix-mas, S wz 154
Asplenium
ebeneum, Ait 154
Filix-fceniina, Bernli 154
septentrionale, L 154
Trichomanes, L 154
Aster
adscendens, Lindl 56
aestivus, Ait 56
angustus, T. & G 58
carneus, Nees 56
elegans, T. & G 57
Engelmannij Gray 57
ericoides, L 56
f alcatus, Lindl 56
Fendteri, Gray 56
glacialis, Nutt 57
glaucus, T.&G 58
laevis, L 56
multifl orus, Ait 56
Nuttallii,T. & G 56
oblongif olius, Nutt 56
ptarmicoides, T. & G 58
salsuginosus, Richards 57
Astragalus
aboriginum, Richards 25
adsurgetis, Pall 23
alpinus, L 26
bisulcatus, Gray 28
Brandegei, Porter 24
campestris, Gray 29
Canadensis, L 23
caryocarpus, Ker 23
cyaneus, Gray 27
decumbens, Gray 29
Drummondii, Dougl 24
Fendleri, Gray 28
Jilif olius, Gray 27
flexuosus, Dougl 28
f rigidus, Gray 27
glabriusculus, Gray 26
gracilis, Nutt 25
gradlis, Torr 25
Hallii, Gray 28
hypoglottis, L 24
iodaiithus, Watson 25
junceus, Gray 29
Kentrophyta, Gray 30
leptaleus, Gray 28
lonchocarpus, T. & G 27
lotiflorus, Hook 26
Mexicanus, DC 23
microlobus, Gray 25
Missouriensis, Nutt 26
mollissinms, Torr 23
rnultiflorus, Gray 29
nigresccns, Gray 29
oroboides, Hornem 26
Parryi, Gray 27
pectinatus, Dougl 28
pictus, Gray 27
Plattensis, Nutt 23
pubentissimus, T. & G 26
racemosus, Pursh 25
scopulorum, Porter 24
sericoleucus, Gray 30
Shortianns, Nutt 27
simplicif olius, Gray 29
sparsifloras, Gray 26
INDEX.
167
Page.
Astragalus Continued.
8triatu8, Nutt 23
tegetarius, Watson 165
tridactylicus, Gray 30
tridorus, Gray 27
Atriplex
patula, L 117
Aulacomnion
palustre, Sckwsegr 159
Arena
striata, MX 151
Bacckaris
salicina. T. & G 67
Bakia, Lag 75
oppositif olia, T. & G 75
Barbula
niucrouif olia, Sdiwaegr 156
rigida, Sckultz 156
ruralis, Hedw 156
subulata, Brid 156
Bartraniia
fontana, Brid 159
itkypky lla, Brid 159
Beckniaunia, Host 152
erucaeformis, Host 152
BERBERIDACE.E 5
Berberis
Aquifoliuni, Pursk 5
Betula
glandulosa, MX 127
occidentalis, Hook 127
BETULACE.E 127
Blitum
capitaturu, L 117
Bidens
bipinnata, L 73
ckrysantkenioides, MX 73
frondosa, L 73
tenuiseeta, Gray 73
Bigelovia, DC 63
Bigelovii, Gray 64
depressa. Gray 64
Douglasii, Gray 64
graveolens, Gray 64
Howardii, Gray 63
Parryi, Gray 64
BORRAGIXACEJB 100
Botryckium
Virginicum, S wz 154
Bouteloua
curtipendula, Gray 147
kirsuta, Lag 147
oligostackya, Torr 147
Brickellia, Ell 55
Californica, Gray 55
grandiflora, Nutt 55
Brizopyruni
spicatum, Hook 150
Bromus
ciliatus, L 151
Kalmii, Gray 150
Briinella
vulgaris, L 100
Bryum
alpinum, L 159
argenteum, L 159
bimuin, Scki'eb 156
csespiticium, L 159
cirrkatum, Hoppe & Hornsck 15S
Page.
Bryum Continued.
intermedium, W. & M 158
Muklenbeckii, Br. Eur 158
pendulum (Hornsck.), Sckp 158
pseudo-triquetrum, Hedw 159
roseum, Dill 159
Buckloe, Engelm 147
dactyloides, Eugekn 147
Buellia
albo-atra (Hofl&n. ), Nyl 163
geograpkica (L.), Tk. Fr 163
CACTACE.E 47
Calamagrostis
Canadensis, Beauv 145
longifolia, Torr 145
stricta, Trim 145
sylvatica, DC 145
Calamintka
Clinopodium, Bentk 99
Calandrinia, H. & B 14
pygmsea, Gray , 14
Callirkoe
involucrata, Gray 15
Calockortus, Pursk 134
Gnnnisoni, Watson 134
venustus, Bentk 134
Caltka
leptosepala, DC 4
Calypso
borealis, Salisb 133
Calystegia
sepium, R. Br 109
Camelina
sativa,Crantz 10
j Campanula
apariuoides, Pursk 88
Langsdorfiiana, Fisck 88
rot imdif olia, L 87
uniflora, L 88
CAMPAXULACE.E 87
Campylopus
frigidus, Lesqx 155
Hallii, Lesqx 155
CAPPARIDACE.E 10
CAPRIFOLIACEJC 53
Cardamiue
cordifolia, Gray 6
kirsuta, L 6
Carex
artusta.Boott 141
affinis, R. Br 139
alpina, L 142
atkrostackya, Olney 140
atrata, L - 141
aurea, Nutt 142
Backii, Boott 139
Bonplandii,Ktk 140
Buxbauuiii, Wakl 141
canescens, L 140
capillaris, L 142
coiijuncta, Boott 139
Deweyana, Sckweiii 140
disticlia, Huds 139
Douglasii, Boott 139
f estiva, Dew 140
filifolia, Nutt 139
Gayana, Dew 140
Geyeri. Boott 142
Hallii, 'Olney 139
168
INDEX.
Page.
Carex Continued.
Jamesii, Torr 141
lanuginosa, MX 142
leporina, L 140
limula, Fries 141
longirostris, Torr 142
marcida, Boott 139
muricata, L 139
NebrasJcemis, Dew 141
nigricans, E. Meyer 138
obtusata, Lilj 139
Parryana, Boott 139
pauciflora, Lightf 139
Pennsylvania, Lam 142
petasata, Dew - 139
phyllostachya, Dew 142
polytrichoides, Muhl 139
Pyrenaica, Wahl 138
rigida, Good 141
Rossii, Boott 142
scirpoidea, MX 139
siccata, Dew 139
stellulata, L 140
etenophylla, Wahl 140
straminea, Schk 141
tenella,Schk 140
tenera, Dew 141
Torreyi, Tuckerm 142
CAYOPHYLLCE.E 12
Cassia
Chamsecrista, L 33
Castilleia
brevifl ora, Gray 96
Integra, Gray 96
linarisef olia, Benth 95
miniata, Dougl 96
pallida, Kth 96
parviflora. Bong 96
Catabrosa, Beauv 149
aqnatica, Beauv 149
Ceanotlius
Ameriecams. L 18
Fendleri, Gray 18
ovalis, Bigelow 18
ovatus, Desf 18
velutinus, Dougl 18
CELASTRIXEJE 18
Celtis
occidentalis, L 127
Ceiichrus
tribuloides, L
Cerastiura
arvense, L 13
vulgatum, L 13
Ceratodon
purpureus, Brid 156
Cercocarpus, H. B. K 34
parvif olius, Nutt 34
Cereus, Haw 48
conoideus, Eng. & Big 49
Fendleri, Eng 48
gonacanthus, Eng. & Big 48
phceniceus, Eng 49
viridiftorus, Eng 48
Cetraria
' Islandica, Ach 161
Chsenactis, DC 74
ackillecefolia, H. & A 74
Douglasii, H. & A 74
Page.
Chamferhodos, Bunge 35
erecta, Bunge 35
Cheilanthes
Eatoni, Baker 153
Fendleri, Hook 153
lanuginosa, Nutt 153
tomentosa, Link 153
CHENOPODIACE.E 116
Chenopodina
depressa, Moq 118
Chenopodium
album, L 116
Feudleri, Watson 117
glaucum, L 117
hybridum, L 117
Chionophila, Benth 94
Jamesii, Benth 94
Chrysopsis
villosa, Nutt 67
Chrysosplenium
alternifolium, L ; 40
Chrysothamnus
depressus, Nutt 64
Cicuta
maculata, L 49
Circaea
alpina, L 46
Cirsium
Drummondii, T. & G 84
edule,N\itt 84
eriocephalum, Gray 84
foliosurn, DC 84
ochrocentrurn, Gray 85
Cladonia
furcata, Flk 163
pyxidata, Fr 163
vermicularis, Ach 163
Claytonia
arctica, Adams 15
Caroliniana, MX 14
Chamissonis, Esch. & Led 15
Clematis
alpina, L 1
Douglasii, Hook 1
ligusticifolia, Nutt 1
Scottii, Porter 1
Cleome, L 10
integrifolia, T. & G 10
Cleoinella, DC 11
angustifolia, Torr 11
tenuifplia, Torr 11
Climacmm
dendroides, Web 160
Collema
pulposum, Ach 162
Collinsia
parviflora, Dougl 90
Collomia, Nutt 105
gracilis, Dougl 106
linearis, Nutt 105
longifl ora, Gray 106
Comandra
pallida, DC 124
Commelyna
Virginica, L 138
COMMELYXACE.E 138
COMPOSITE 54
CONIFERvE 129
CONVOLVULACE^: . . 108
INDEX.
169
Page.
Convolvulus
hattatw, Nutt 109
lobatus, Eng. & Gray 109
JVnttaHii,Toir 109
Conyza, L 67
Coulteri, Gray 67
subdecurrenSj Gray 67
Corallorhiza
multiflora, Nutt 133
Coreopsis
in volucrata, Nutt 72
tinctoria, Nutt 72
Corispermum
hyssopif olium, L 117
CORXACE.E \ 53
Conine
Canadensis, L 53
pubescens, Nutt 53
sericea, L 53
stolonifera, MX 53
Corylus
rostrata, Ait 127
Cosmidium, T. & G 72
CRASSULACE^E 42
Crepis, L 86
acuminata, Nutt 86
ambigua. Gray 85
nana, Kicliards 86
occideutalis, T. & G 86
runcinata, T. & G 86
Croton
m u ricatus, Nutt 126
Texensis, Mull 126
CRUCIFER.E 6
Cryptogramme
acrostichoides, R. Br 153
Cucurbita
perennis, Gray 49
CUCURBITACEJE 49
CUPULIFER.E 127
Cuscuta
arvensis, Beyrich 109
cuspidata, Eng 109
decora, Choisy & Eng 109
Grouovii, Willd 109
Cymopterus, Raf 50
alpinus, Gray 50
auisatus, Gray 50
glomeratus, DC 50
montamis, Nutt 50
Cycloloma
platyphylluni, Moq 116
Cy nap him
apiifoUum, Nutt 51
Cynthia
Virginica, Don 85
CYPERACE.E 138
Cyperus
inflexus, Muhl 138
Schweinit^ii, Torr 138
Cypripedium
parviflorum, Salisb 133
pubescens, Willd 133
Cyrtorrhynca
ranunculina, Nutt 3
Cystopteris
fragilis, Bernh 154
Dactylina
niadrepif orniis, Wulf 161
Page.
Dacrymyces
stillatus, Nees 164
Dalea
alopecuroides, Willd 23
Jamesii, Torr 23
laxinora, Gray 22
nana, Torr 22
Danthonia
sericea, Nutt 151
Daucns
Carota,L 53
Delphinium
azureum, MX 5
elatum, L 4
Menziesii, DC 5
scopulorum, Gray 5
Desmatodon
latifolius, Br. Eur 156
Lauren, Schultz 156
sistylius, Br. Eur 156
Diaperia, Nutt 68
prolifera, Nutt 68
Dichelyma
capiilaceum, Br. Eur 160
Dicranum
f tiscescens, Turn 155
gracilescens, W. & M 155
Muhlenbeckii, Br. Eur 155
pellucidum, Hedw 155
rhabdocarpon, Sulliv 155
varium, Hedw 155
virens, Hedw 155
Didymodon
riibellus, Br. Eur 156
Dieteria
asteroides, Torr 59
coronopifolia, Nutt 59
Dissodon
Frcelichianus, Frcel 158
Hornschuchii, Grev. & Arn 158
Distichium
capiilaceum, Br. Eur 156
inclinatum, Br. Eur 156
Dodecatheon
Meadia,L 90
Draba
alpina, L
aurea, Vahl
crassif olia, Grah
cuneif olia, Nutt
streptocarpa, Gray
Dracocephalnm
parviflorum, Benth 100
Dryas
octopetala, L 34
Dysodia
chry santhemoides, Lag 73
Echinocactus, Link & Otto 48
Simpsoni, Engelin 48
Echinocystis
lobata,T.&G 49
Echiiiosperniuni
deflexum, Lehm 103
floribundum, Lehm 103
Redowskii, Lehm 103
ELATIXACE.E 15
Elatine
Americana, Arn 15
ELEAGXACE^E 124
170
INDEX.
Page.
EleDcharis
acicularia, Br 138
compressa, Sulliv 138
olivacea, Torr 138
palustris, R. Br 138
Ellisia
Nyctelea, L 103
Elymus:
Canadensis, L 151
condensatus, Presl 1 . 151
Sitanion, Schult 151
Elyna, Schrad 138
spicata, Schrad 138
Encalypta
apophysata, N. &H 158
commutata, N. & H 157
rhabdocarpa, ScliwsBgr 157
streptocarpa, Hedw 157
vulgaris, Hedw 157
Endococcus
erraticus (Mass. ), Nyl 163
Epilobium
alpinum, L 43
angustif olinm, L 43
latifolium, L 43
palustre, L 43
paniculatum, L 43
tetragonum, L 43
EQUISETACE.E 152
Equisetum
arvense, L 152
leevigatum, A. Br 153
pratense, Ehrli 152
variegatum, Schleich 153
Eragrostis
Purshii, Bernh 150
ERICACEAE 88
Ericameria, Nutt 65
Erigeron
acre,L 60
armerisef olium, Turcz 60
Bellidiastruin, Nutt 60
Canadense, L 59
canuin, Gray 62
compositum, Pursh 59
Coulteri, Porter 61
divaricatuin, MX 59
divergens, T. & G 61
glabellum, Nutt 61
glandulosum, Porter 60
grandiflorum, Hook 60
macranthum, Nutt 61
pumilum, Nutt 61
trifidum, Hook 60
uniflorum, L 60
ursimim Eaton 60
Eriocoma, Nutt 146
cuspidata, Nutt 146
Eriogonum, MX 119
acaule, Nutt 120
alatum, Torr 119
annuum, Nutt 122
brevicaule, Nutt 122
cernuum, Nutt 122
e#MS?m,Nutt 121
flavum, Nutt 120
Gordon!, Benth 122
heracleoides, Nutt 120
Jamesii, Benth 120
Page.
Eriogonum, MX Continued.
lachnogynum, Torr 121
niicrothecum, Nutt 121
multiceps, Ker 121
ovalif olium, Nutt 121
pauciflorum, Pursh 121
tenellum, Torr 122
umbellatum, Torr 120
Eriophorum
polystachyon, L 138
Eritrichium, Schrad 101
angustif olium, Torr 102
crassisepalum, Torr 102
glomeratum, DC 102
Jamesii Torr 103
villosuni, DC 101
virgatu m, Porter 102
Erysimum
asperum, DC 8
cheirauthoides, L 8
Erythronium
grandiflorum, Pursh 134
Euchroma
Ireviflora, Nutt 96
Eupatorium
ageratifolium, DC 55
Berlandieri, DC 55
purpureum, L 55
Euphorbia
dictyosperma, Engelm 126
Fendleri,T. & G 125
glyptosperma, Engelm 125
hexagona, Nutt 125
lata, Engelm 124
inaculata, L 125
marginata, Pursh 125
inontana, Engelm 126
obtusata, Pursh 126
petaloidea, Engelm 125.
revoluta, Engelm 125
EUPHORBIACE^; 124
Eurotia, Adams 118
lanata, Moq 118
Eutoca
sericea, Grah 103
Evolvulus
argenteus, Pursh 109
Fallugia, Eudl 35
paradoxa, Torr 35
Festuca
brevifolia, Br 150
ovina, L 150
FILICES 153
Fontinalis
antipyretica, L 160
Neo-Mexicana, S. & L 160
Fragaria
vesca, L ' 35
Virginiana, Ehrh 35
Frankenia, L 12
Jamesii, Torr 12
FRANKENIACE.E 12
Franseria, Cav 69
discolor, Nutt 69
Hookeriana, Nutt 69
tenuif olia, Gray 69
tomentosa, Gray 69
Frasera
speciosa, Dougl 113
INDEX.
171
Fremont ia
Page.
118
6
FUMARIACEJE .....................
Fun aria
hybernica, Hook ................ 158
hygrometrica. Hedw ............ 158
FUNGI ............................ 163
Gaillardia, Foug... ............... 73
cristata, Pursh .................. 73
pinnatifida, Torr ................ 73
pulchella, Foug ........ . ........ 73
Galium
Aparine, L ...................... 54
asperrimum, Gray ............... 54
boreale, L ....................... 54
trifidurn, L ..................... 54
triflorum, MX ......... . ......... 54
Gaultheria
Myrsinitis, Hook ................ 88
Gaura
coccinea, Nutt .................. 46
parviflora, Dougl ............... 46
Gayophytum, Juss ................. 44
racemosum, T. & G .............. 44
ramosissimum, T. & G .......... 44
Gentiana
acuta, MX ....................... Ill
affinis, Smith ................... 112
Ainarella, L ..................... Ill
barbellata, Engelm .............. Ill
detonsa, Fries ................... Ill
frigida, Haenke ................. 112
heterosepala, Engehu... ......... Ill
humilis, Stev ................... 112
Parryi, Engelm ................. 112
prostrata, Haenke ............... 112
tenella, Fries .................... Ill
GENTIANACE^E .................... Ill
GERANIACEJE ..................... 17
Geranium
albiflorum, Hook ................. 17
Fremontii, Torr ................. 17
Richardsouii, F. & M ............ 17
Geum
macrophyllum, Willd ............ 35
Rossii, Seringe .................. 35
strictum, Ait .................... 35
triflorum, Pursh ................. 35
Gerardia
tenuifolia, Vahl ................. 95
Gilia, Ruiz & Pav ................ 106
aggregata, Spreng .............. 107
congesta, Hook ................. 107
inconspicua, Dougl .............. 108
minima, Gray ................... 107
nudicaulis, Gray ................ 106
Nuttallii, Gray .................. 106
pinnatifida, Nutt ................ 107
pungens, Benth ................. 106
spicata,Nutt .................... 107
Glaux
maritima, L .......... ............ 90
Glyceria
aquatic a, Smith ................. 149
airoides, Thurb ........... ...... 149
distans, Wahl ................... 149
pauciflora, Presl ................ 149
Glycyrrhiza
lepidota, Xutt ................... 31
Page.
Gnaphalium
decurrens, Ives 79
luteo-album, L 78
Sprengelii, H. &A 78
strictum, Gray 79
Goodyera
Menziesii, Lindl 132
GRAMIXE.E 142
Graphephorum
flexuosum, Thurb 148
Gratiola
Virginiana,L 95
Grimmia
apocarpa, Hedw 156
calyptrata, Hook 157
conferta, Funk 156
leucophsea, Grev 157
ovata, W. &M 157
plagiopodia, Hedw 157
trichophylla, Grev 157
Grindelia, Willd 67
squarrosa, Dunal 67
Gutierrezia, Lag 62
Euthamise, T. & G 62
Gymnostomum
rupestre, Schwaegr 155
Habenaria
dilatata, Gray 132
hyperborea, Gray 132
obtusata, Lindl 132
HALORAGE.E 43
Hedeoma
Drummondii, Benth 99
hirta, Nutt
hispida, Pursh
piperita, Benth 99
Hedwigia
ciliata, Ehrh 157
Hedysarum
Mackenzii, Richards 31
Helenium
autumnale, L 76
Hoopesii, Gray 76
Helianthella, T. & G
Parryi, Gray
uniflora, T. &G 71
Helianthus
giganteus, L
lenticularis, Dougl
orgyalis,DC 71
petiolaris, Nutt
pumilus, Nutt
rigidus, Desf
Heliomeris, Nutt
multiflora, Nutt 72
Heliopsis
Isevis, Pers 70
Heliotropium
convolvulaceum, Gray
Curassavicum, L 103
Hemicarpha
subsquarf osa, Nees
Heracleum
lanatum, MX
I Hesperis
Pallasii,T.&G 9
Heuchera
bracteata, Seringe
Hallii, Gray 41
172
INDEX.
Page.
Heuchera Continued.
parvifolia, Nutt 40
eracium
albiflorum, Hook 85
Fendleri, Schultz 85
triste, Willd 85
Hierochloa
borealis, R. & S 152
Hippuris
vulgaris, L 43
Hoffmanseggia, Cav
drepanocarpa, Gray 33
Jamesii, T. &G 33
Homalobus
decunibens, Nutt 29
Hordeum
jubatum, L 151
pratense, Huds 151
Hosackia, Dougl
Purshiana, Benth 21
Humulus
Lupulus, L 127
Hutchinsia
calycina, Desv... 8
HYDROPHYLLACE.E 103
Hydrophyllum
Virginicum, L 103
Hymenopappus
tenuif olius, Pursh 75
HYPERICACE.E 15
Hypericum
Scouleri, Hook 15
Hypoxys
juncea, Smith 133
Hypnum
aduncuin, Hedw 161
albicans, Neck 160
campestre, Br. & Sch 160
collinum, Schp 160
cupressif orme, Hedw 161
diversif olium, Br. Eur 160
eugyrium Schp 161
filicinum, L 161
fluitans, Dill 161
giganteum, Schp 161
hispidulum, Brid 161
imponens, Hedw 161
]setum, Brid 160
laetum, Schp 160
molluscum, Hedw 161
nitens, Schreb 161
nitidulum, Wahl 160
orthocladon, Beauv 161
pallescens, Schp 161
paludosum, Sulliv 160
radicale, Brid 161
reptile, MX 161
rugosum, Ehrh 161
serpens, L 161
strigosum, Hoffm 160
subtile, Hoffm 161
uncinatum, Hedw 161
lonidium, Vent 11
lineare, Torr 11
Ipomsea
leptophylla, Torr 108
IRIDACEJS 133
Iris
tenax, Dougl 133
Page.
Iva
axillaris, Pursh 69
ciliata, Willd 69
xanthiifolia, Gray 69
Jamesia, T. &G 41
Americana, T. & G 41
JASMINES 114
JUNCACE.E 135
Juncus
alpinus, Vill 137
arcticus, Willd 136
articulatm, Willd 137
Balticus, Deth 136
buf onius, L 137
castaneus, Smith 136
Drummondii, E. Meyer 136
ensifolim, Hook 137
Hallii, Engelm 136
longistylis, Torr 137
Mertensianus, Bong 137
Menzlesii, Gray 137
nodosus, L 137
Parryi, Engelm 136
triglumis, L 136
xiphioides, E . Meyer 137
Juniperus
communis, L . 132
Virginiana, L 132
Kallstro3mia, Scop 17
maxima, T. & G 17
Kalmia
glauca, Ait 88
Kobresia
scirpina, Willd 138
Kceleria
cristata, Pers 149
Kuhnia
eupatorioides, L 55
LABIATJE 98
Lathy rus
linearis, Nutt 32
ornatus, Nutt
palustris, L 32
polymorphus, Nutt 32
pubescens, Nutt 32
venosus, Muhl 32
Lecanora
Brunonis, Tuckerm 162
calcarea (L.), Somf 162
cervina (Pers.), Nyl 162
chlorophana (Wahl.), Ach 162
cinerea, L 162
muralis (Schreb.), Schser 162
rubina,Ach 162
straminea, Wahl 162
subf usca, Ach 162
varia, Fr 162
xanthophysa, Nyl 162
Lecidea
atro-brunnea (DC.), Schser 163
confluens, Schaer 163
contigua, Fr 163
enteroleuca Fr 163
lapicidea, Ach 163
lugubris (Somf.), Nyl 163
LEGUMINOS.E 19
Lemna
minor, L 132
LEMNACE^E 132
INDEX.
173
Page.
LEXTIBULACE.E 90
Lenzites
sepiaria, Fr 164
Lepachys
colunmaris, T. & G 70
Lepidium
alyssoides, Gray 10
intermedium, Gray 10
montanum, Nutt 10
sativum, L 10
Leptobryum
pyriforme (L.,) Schp... 158
Leptochloa
f aseicularis, Gray 148
Leptotrichum
glaucescens (Hampe), Hedw 156
Lepturus
paniculatus, Nutt 151
Leucampyx, Gray 77
Newberryi, Gray 77
Leucocrinum, Nutt 135
montanum, Nutt 135
Liatris
punctata, Hook 54
scariosa, Willd 54
LICHEXES 161
Ligusticnm
apiifolium, H. & B 51
montauum, Gray 51
scopulorum, Gray 51
LILIACE.E 133
Lilium
Philadelphicum, L 134
Limosella
aquatica, L 95
LIXACE^E 16
Linaria
Canadensis, Spreng 90
Linnsea
borealis, Gronov 53
Linosyris, Lobel 63
Bigelovii, Gray 64
depressa, Torr 64
graveolens, T. & G 64
Hoicardii, Parry 63
Parry i, Gray 64
sernilata, Torr 65
viscidijiora, T. & G 64
Linnm
perenne, L 16
rigidum, Pursh '. . 16
Lippia
lanceolata, MX 98
Listera
cordata, E. Br 133
Lithopkragma
parviflora, Xutt 40
Lithospermum
angustif olium, MX 100
hirtum, Lehm 101
longiflorum, Spreng 100
pilosum, Nutt 101
Lloydia, Salisb 134
serotina, Reich 134
LOASACEJS 47
Lobelia
cardinalis, L 87
syphilitica, L 87
LOBELIACE.E... 87
Page.
Lonicera
involucrata, Banks 53
Lophanthus
anisatus, Benth 100
urticsef olius, Beiitk 10
LORANTHACE^: 124
Lupinus
argenteus, Pursh 20
ceespitosus, Nutt 20
decumbens, Torr 20
omatus, Dougl 19
parviflorus, Nutt 20
pusillus, Pursh 20
Luzula
pardflora, Desv 135
spadicea, DC ' 135
spicata, Desv 136
Lychnis
apetala, L 12
Drurumondii, Watson 12
LYCOPODIACE^: 154
Lycopodium
annotinuin, L 154
Lycopus
sinuatus^Ell 98
Lygodesniia
juncea, Don 86
Lysimachia
ciliata, L 90
LYTHRACE^E
Lythrum
alatum, Pursh 46
Machieranthera, Nees 58
canescens, Gray 59
pulverulenta, Nees 58
tanacetif olia, Nees 59
Macronema, Nutt 65
discoidea, Nutt 66
Macrorrhynchus, Less 87
glaucus Eaton 87
troximoides, T. & G 87
MALVACEAE 15
Malvastrum
coccineum, Gray 16
Mamillaria, Haw 47
Nuttallii, Engeka 47
vivipara, Haw 48
Meesia
uliginosa, Hedw 159
Melampodium, L 68
cinereum, DC 68
leucanthum, T. & G 68
Melica
bulbosa, Geyer 149
mutica, MX 149
poceoides, Torr 149
Menodora, H. & B 114
scabra, Gray 114
Mentha
CanadensiSjL 98
Mentzelia
albicaulis, Dougl 47
multinora, Nutt 47
nuda,T. &G 47
oligosperma, Nutt 47
Wrightii, Gray 47
Merteusia
alpina, Don 101
brevistyla, \Yatsou 101
174
INDEX.
Page.
Mertensia Continued.
paniculata, Don 101
Sibirica, Don 101
Mimulus
floribundus, Dougl 94
Jamesii, Torr 94
luteus, L 94
rubellus, Gray 94
Mirabilis,L 115
multiflora, Gray 115
oxybaphoides, Gray 115
Mite'lla
pentandra, Hook 40
Mnium
cuspidatum, Hedw 159
punctatum, L 159
serratum, Schrad 159
spinosum, Voit 159
spinulosnm, Br. Eur 159
Monarda
aristata,Nutt 99
fistulosa, L 99
punctata, L 100
Monardella, Benth 100
odoratissima, Bentli 100
Moneses
uniflora, Gray 88
Monolepis, Sclirad 117
chenopodioides, Moq 117
Montelia
tamariscina, Gray 119
Mulilenbergia
gracilis, Gray 144
gracillinaa, Torr 144
pungeiis, Gray 144
sylvatica, T. & G 144
Texana, Thurb 144
Mulgedium
pulchellum, Nutt 87
Munroa, Torr 147
squarrosa, Torr 147
Musci 154
Musenium, Nutt 51
divaricatum, Nutt 51
Greenii, Gray 51
tracliyspermurn, Gray 51
Myosotis
fruiicosa,ToYT 103
Myosurus
minimus, L 2
Nabalus
racemosus, Hook 86
NAIADACE.E 132
Nama,L 105
dichotoma, Ruiz & Pav 105
Nardosmia
sagittata. Hook 55
Nasturtium
obtusum, Nutt 5
officinale, R. Br 5
palustre,DC 5
sinuatum, Nutt 5
Negundo
aceroides, Moench 19
Nicotiana
attenuata, Torr , 110
Nuphar
polysepalum, Engelm 5
NYCTAGINACE js 115
Page.
NYMPH.EACE.E 5
Obione, Gaertn 117
argentea, Moq 117
canescens, Moq 117
Suckleyana, Torr 118
OEnothera
albicaulis, Nutt 44
biennis, L.... 44
breviflora, T. & G 46
canescens, Torr. & Frem 48
caespitosa, Kutt 45
coronopif olia, T. & G 44
eximia, Gray 45
guttulata, Geer 45
Hartwegi, Benth 45
Missouri ensis, Sims 45
marginata, Nutt 45
montana, Nutt 45
Nuttallii,ToTr 46
pinnatifida, Nutt 44
serrulata, Nutt 46
triloba,Nutt 44
ONAGRACE^E 43
Onosmodium
Carolinianum, DC 100
Opuntia
arborescens, Engelm 49
Camanchica, E. & B 49
Missouriensis, DC 49
Rafinesquii, Engelm 49
ORCHIDACE^E 132
Oreophila
myrtifoUa, Nutt 18
OROBANCHACE.E
Ortuocarpus, Nutt 96
luteus, Nutt 96
Orthotrichum
anomalum, Hedw 157
Hallii, Sull. & Lesq 157
Hutcbinsiae, Smith 157
speciosum, Nees 157
Utaheiise, Sulliv 157
Oryzopsis
micrantha, Thurb 145
Osmorrhiza 50
lreri8tyU8,'DC 50
nuda/Torr 50
Oxybaphus
angustif olius, Sweet 115
Cervantesii, Lag 115
hirsutus, Sweet 115
multiflorus, Torr 115
nyctagineus, Sweet 115
Oxyria
digynn, Campd 122
Oxtryopis
arctica, R. Br 30
campestris, L 30
deflexa, DC 31
Lamberti, Pursh 30
multiceps, Nutt 30
nana, Nutt 30
splendens, Dougl 31
Uralensis, L 30
Pachypodium
integrifolium, Nutt 9
Pachystima, Raf 18
Myrsiiiites, Raf 18
INDEX.
175
Page.
Palafoxia, Lag 74
Hookeriana, T. & G 74
Texana, Hook 74
Panicum
amarum, Ell 152
capillare,L 152
Crus-galli, L 152
pauciflorum, Ell 152
virgatum, L 152
Papaver
alpina, L 6
PAPAVEK ACE JE 6
Parietaria
Pennsylvania, Muhl 127
Parinelia
caperata, Ach 162
conspersa, Aeh 162
Kauitschadalis, Eschw 161
lanata, Nyl 162
olivacea, Ach 162
Parnassia
fimbriata, Banks 41
parviflora, DC 41
Paronychia
Jamesii, T. & G 119
pulvinata, Gray 119
sessiliflora, Nutt 119
PAROXYCIIIE.E 119
Paspaluiu
setaceum, MX 152
Pectis, L 54
angustif olia, Torr 54
Pedicularis
bracteosa, Bentli 97
Canadensis, L 97
crenulata, Bentli 97
Grcenlandica, Retz 97
Parryi, Gray 97
procera, Gray 98
racemosa, Dougl 97
Sudetica . Willd 98
Pellaja
atropurpurea, Link 153
gracilis, MX 153
mucronata, Eaton . . 153
Wrightii, Eaton 153
Peltigera
aphthosa, Hoffin 162
canina, Holfni , . 162
Pentstenion
aeuuiinatus, Dougl 92
albidus, Nutt 92
alpinus, Torr 91
ambigims, Torr 92
OMtff02*K9,Nutt 92
barbatus, Nutt 90
cseruleus, Nutt 92
caespitosus, Nutt 92
confertus, Dougl 94
cristatus, Nutt 93
eyananthus, Hook 91
Fremontii, Gray 91
glaber, Pursli 91
glaucns, Grah 93
gracilis, Nutt 93
Harbourii, Gray 93
Hallii, Gray...' 93
humilis, Nutt 93
pubescens, Solander 93
Page.
Pentstemon Continued.
eecundiflorus, Benth 92
Torreyi, Bentli ; 91
Pericome, Gray 68
caudata, Gray 68
Petalostenioii
candidus, MX 23
violaceus, MX 24
Peucedanum
nudicaule, Nutt 52
Peziza
8cutellata, L 164
vulcanalis, Peck 164
Phaca
rnacrocarpa, Gray 27
simplicifolius, Nutt 29
Pkacelia
circiuata, Jacq 103
integrif olia, Torr 103
Neo-Mexicana, Tliurb 103
Popei, T. &G 103
sericea, Gray 103
tanacetif olia, Benth 103
Phalaris
arundinacea, L 152
Pharomitrium
subsessile, Schp 156
Phascum
Carnolicum, W. & M 155
cuspidatum, Schreb 155
Phegopteris
Dryoptens, F6e 154
Phelipsea
Ludoviciana, Don 90
Philadelphus
microphyllus, Gray 41
serpyllifolius, Gray 41
Phleum
alpiuum, L 142
Phlox
canescens, T. & G 105
csespitosa, N 105
Douglasii, Hook 105
lougifolia, Nutt 105
Phragmites
communis, L 151
Physalis
angulata, L 110
lobata, Torr 110
Pennsylvanica, L 110
pubescens, L 110
viscosa, L 110
Physaria
didymocarpa, Gray
Pliyscomitrium
pyriforme, Brid 153
tetragonum, Brid 158
Pinus
aristata, Engelni 130
Balf onriana, Murr 130
commutota,Pnrl 130
contorta, Engelm 129
edulis, Engelm 130
flexilis, James 130
ponderosa, Dougl 129
Placodium
bolacinum, Tuckerm 162
callopismum, Ach 162
cerinuin, Ach 16^
176
INDEX.
Pago.
Placodium Continued.
coralloides, Tuckerm 162
vitellinum (Ehrh.), Ach 162
PLANTAGINACEiE 89
Plantago
eriopoda, Torr 89
Patagoiiica, Jacq 89
Pleuraphis, Torr 146
Jamesii, Torr 146
Pleurogyna, Esch 113
rotata, Griseb 113
Poa
airoides, Nutt 149
alpina, L 150
Andina, Nutt 150
ctesia, Smith 150
serotina, Elirh 150
tenuif olia, Nutt 150
Pogonatum
alpinum, Roehl 159
capillare, Brid 159
urnigerain, L
Polanisia
trachysperma.) T. & G 11
uniglandulosa, DC 11
PeLEMONlACE^E 105
Polemonium
capitatum, Hook 108
craruleurn, L 108
conf ertum, Gray 108
humile, Willd 108
pulchellum, Bunge 108
pulcherrima, Lelim 108
Michardsonii, Grab 108
Polygala
verticillata, L 19
POLYGALACE.E 19
POLYGONACE.E 119
Polygonum
amphibium, L 123
aviculare, L 123
Bistorta, L :. 123
dumetorum, L 124
erectum, L 123
imbricatum, Nutt 123
incarnatum, Ell 123
Pennsylvanicum, L 123
ramosissimum, MX 123
tenue, MX 123
viviparum, L 123
Polypodium
vulgare, L 153
Polytricbadelphus
Lyallii, Mitt 159
Polytrichum
gracile, Menzies 159
j uniperinum, Hedw 160
Icevipiliim, Hampe 160
piliferum, Scbreb 160
Populus
angulata, Ait 129
angmtifolia, James 129
balsamifera, L 129
tremuloides, MX 129
Portulaca
oleracea, L , 14
retusa, Engelm 14
PORTULACACE/E 14
Page.
Potamogeton
nataus, L 132
perf oliatus, L 132
Potentilla
Anserina, L 38
arguta, Pursh 35
concinna, Richards 37
dissecta, Pursh 37
dlrsrsifolia, Lehm 37
eifusa. Dougl 36
fissa, Nutt 36
f ruticosa, L 38
glandulosa, Lindl 36
gracilis, Dougl 37
Grayi, Watson 37
Hippiana, Lehm 36
liuniif usa, Nutt 37
miUegraaMf Engelm 36
nivea, L 36
Norvegica, L 36
Nuttallii, Lehm 37
Pennsylvania, L 36
Plattensis, Nutt 36
procumbens, Clairv 35
rigida, Nutt 37
rivalis, Nutt 36
Pottia
cavif olia, Hedw 156
Heimii, Sehp 156
Primula
aiigustif olia, Torr 89
f arinosa, L 89
Parryi, Gray 89
PRIMULACE.E 89
Prunus
Americana, Marsh 33
Chicasa, MX 33
Pennsylvania, L 33
Virginiana, L 33
Psoralea
argophylla, Nutt 22
cnjptocarpa, T. & G 22
cuspidata, Pursh 22
digitata, Nutt 22
floribunda, Nutt 22
hypogaja, Nutt 22
lanceolata, Pursh 22
Ptelea
iingustif olia, Benth 18
trifoliata, L 18
Pteris
aquilina, L 153
Pterospora
Andromedea, Nutt 88
Ptilagrostis
MoHgolica, Griseb 145
Puccinia
Porteri, Peck 164
Purshia, DC 34
tridentata, DC 34
Pylaissea
intricata (Hedw.), Schp ,.. . 160
Pyrola
clilorantha, Swartz . . ". 88
minor, L 88
rotundifolia, L 88
secunda, L 88
Pyrrhopappus
grancliiloruSj Nutt 86
INDEX.
177
Page.
Pyrus
sambucifolia. Cli. & Sclil 38
QuamocUdion
multiflora, Torr 115
oxybapJioides, Gray 115
Quercus
alba, L 127
Einoryi, Torr 127
undulata, Torr 127
Racomitriuni
heterosticlmm, Brid 157
R ANUXCULACE.E 1
Ranunculus
adoneus, Gray
affinis, R. Br
alismsefolius, Gey er 2
aquatilis, L 2
cardiophyllus, Hook
Cymbalaria, Pursh
diraricatus, Schrank 2
EschsclwUzii, Schl
Flammula, L
glaberrimus, Hook
liyperboreus, Rottb
multifidus, Pursh
nivalis, R, Br 3
Xuttallii. Gray
Pennsylvanicus, L
pygnueus, Wahl
repens, L 4
sceleratus, L 3
RTIAMXACEJE 18
Kims
aromatica, Ait 19
glabra, L 19
Toxicodendron, L 19
frtto&afa, Xutt 19
Ribes
aureum, Pursh 42
cereum, Dougl 42
floridum, L 42
hirteUum, MX 42
irriguum, Dougl 42
lacustre, Poir 42
leptanthum. Gray 42
prostratum, L'Her 42
Rinodia
oreina ( Acli.), Mass 162
sophodes (Ach.), Mass 162
Robinia
Xeo-Mexicana, Gray 23
Rosa
Arkansana, Porter 38
blanda, Ait 33
f raxinif olia, Bork 38
ROSACE.E 33
RUBIACE.E 54
Rubus
deliciosus, Torr 34
Xutkanus, Moq 34
strigosus, MX 34
triflorus, Richards 34
Rudbeckia
hirta, L 70
laciuiata, L 70
Rumex
Acetosella, L 123
longifolia, DC 123
. maritimus, L 123
12 F C
Page.
Rumex Continued.
salicifolius, Weinm 123
venosus, Pursh 123
RUTACE.E 18
Sagina
decumbens, T. &G 14
Linnaei, Presl 14
Sagittaria
variabilis, Engelm 132
SALICACE.E 128
Salix
arctica, Pall 128
chlorophylla, Anders 128
cordata, Muhl 128
desertorum, Anders 128
discolor, Muhl ' 128
glauca, L 128
longifolia, Muhl 128
livida, Wahl 128
nigra, Marsh 128
reticulata. L 128
rostrata, Richards 128
Salicornia
herbacea, L 118
Salsola
dcpressa, Pursh 115
Salvia
lanceolata,Willd... 99
Pitched, Torr 99
Irichostein moides, Pursh 99
Sambneus
j?M&ew6-,Mx 54
racemosa, L 54
Sanicula
Marilandica, L 53
SAXTALACE.E 124
Sapindacecc 18
Sapouaria
Vaccaria, L 12
Sarcobatus, Nees 118
vermiculatuSj Torr 118
Saxifraga
adscendens, L... .
cesttialis, Fisch
caespitosa, L
cernuus, L
controversa, Sternb.
debilis, Engelm .
38
39
33
38
38
38
flagellarisrWilld 39
Hirculus,L 39
integrifolia, Hook 40
Jamesii, Torr
nivalis, L
punctata, L
rivularis, L 38
serpyllifolia, Pursh 39
stellaris, L 39
SAXIFRAGACE.E 33
Schraukia
uncinata, Willd 33
Scirpns
atrovirens, Muhl
csespitosus, L
maritimus, L 138
paucifloms, Lightf 138
punge-ns, Vahl 138
sylvaticup. L 133
validus. Vahl 138
178
INDEX.
Scrophularia
nodosa, L
SCROPHULARIACE.E
Page.
90
90
Scutellaria
galericulata, L
resinosa, Torr 100
Sedum x
rhodanthum, Gray 43
Rhodiola, DC 43
stenopetalum, Pursh 43
Selaginella
rupestris, Spring 154
Senecio
amplectens, Gray
Andinus, Nutt
aureus, L
Bigelovii, Gray
cauus, Hook 82
cernuus, Gray 82
eremophilus, Richards 82
exaltatus, Nutt 80
filifolius, Nutt 82
Fremontii, T. & G 82
integerrimus, Nutt 81
longilobus, Bentli 82
lugeus, Richards 80
renifolius, Porter 83
Soldanella, Gray 83
triangularis, Hook 81
Seseli,L 52
Hallii, Gray 52
Sesleria
dactyloidcs, Nutt 147
Setaria
Italica, Kunth 152
viridis, Beauv 152
Shepherdia
argentea, Nutt 124
Canadensis, Nutt 124
Sibbaldia
procumbens, L 35
Sidalcea, Gray 15
Candida, Gray 16
nialvseflora, Gray 15
Sieversia
paradoxa, Don 35
Silene
acaulis, L 12
Drummondii, Hook 12
Menziesii, Hook 12
Scouleri, Hook 12
Sisymbrium
canescens, Nutt
glaucum, Nutt 8
Sisyrinchium
Bermudiana, L 133
Sitanion
elymoides, Raf 151
Sium
angustif olia, L 50
lineare, MX 49
Smelowskia, Meyer 8
calycina, Meyer
SMILACACEJB 133
Smilacina
amplexicaulis, Nutt 133
racemosa, Desf 133
SOLAXACE^E 109
Page.
Solatium
Coronopus, Duu 110
heterodoxum, Dun 110
nigrum, L 109
rostratuin, Dun 109
triflorum, Nutt 109
Solidago
Canadensis, L 63
Guiradonis, Gray 62
humiUs, Pursh 62
lanceolata, L 63
Missouriensis, Nutt 63
nenaoralis, Ait 63
occidentalis, T. & G 63
pumila, T. &G 63
rigida, L 62
Virga-aurea, L 62
Solorina
bispora.Nyl 162
Sophora, L 31
sericea, Pursh 31
Sorghum
nutans, Gray 152
Sparganium
simplex, Huds 132
Spartiiia
cynosuroides, \Yilld 146
gracilis, Trin 146
Specularia
perfoliata, A. D. C 88
Sphagnum
acutif olium, Ehrb 155
Sphffiralcea, St. Hil 16
angustif olia, Spach 16
stellata, T. & G 16
Spiraea
aricpfolia, Smith 33
dumosa, Nutt 33
opulif olia, L 33
Spiranthes
Romanzomaua, Ch 133
Sporobolus
cryptandnts, Gray 143
Stachys
cordala, Riddell 100
palustris, L 100
Stanleya, Nutt 9
in tegrifolia, James 9
pinnatifida, Nutt 9
Staurothele
umbrina (Wahl.), Tuck 163
Stellaria
borealis, Bigel 13
crassifolia, Ehrh 13
Jamesiana, Torr 13
longipes, Goldie 13
unibellata, Turcz 13
Stenosiphon, Spach 46
virgatus, Spach 46
Stenotus
pijgmwus, T. & G..- 66
Stephanomeria, Nutt 85
minor, Nutt 85
runcinata, Nutt 85
Stereocaulon
condensation, Laur 163
paschale, Laur 162
Stipa
Mongolica, Turcz 145
INDEX.
179
Page.
Stipa Continued.
spartea, Trin 146
viridula, Trin 146
Streptanthm
angustifolim, Nutt 6
lincarifoUus, Gray 9
Streptopus
amplexifolius, DC 133
Sanaa
depressa, Ledeb 118
maritima, Dumort 118
Swertia, L 113
perenuis, L 113
Symphoricarpus
montanus, H. B. K 53
occidentalis, E. Br 53
Synthyris
alpina, Gray 95
plantaginea, Benth 95
Talinum
pygnueum, Gray 14
teretif olium, Pursli 14
Taraxacum
palustre, DC 87
Tayloria
splachnoides, Hook 158
Tellima, R. Br 40
parviflora, Hook 40
Teloxys, Moq 116
cornuta, Torr 116
Tetradymia, DC 84
canescens, DC 84
glabrata, T. & G 84
inermis, Nutt 84
Teucrium
Canadense, L 98
Culense, L 98
laciniatum, Torr 98
Thalictrum
alpinum, L 1
clatatum, Hook 1
Fendleri, Gray 1
purpurascens, L 1
sparsiflorum, Turcz 1
Thaspium
montanum, Gray 51
trachypleuruni, Gray 52
trifoliatum, Gray 52
Theleoschistes
parietinus (L.) 161
Thelespenna, Gray 72
filifolium, Gray 72
gracile, Gray 72
Themiopsis, R.Br 19
f abacea, DC 19
rhombif olia, Nutt 19
Thlaspi
alpestre, L 10
coc 1i lean forme, DC 10
Tlmidium
abietinum, Br. Eur 160
Blaiido\vii, "NV. & M 160
Tiinmia
Austriaca, Hedw 159
megapolitana, Hedw 159
Townsendia, Hook 58
grandiflora, Nutt 58
sericea, Hook 58
j Tradescantia
I Virginica, L 138
; Tragia
nepetaef olia, Mull 126
ramosa, Torr 126
Tribulus
maximus, L 17
Tricuspis
acuminata, Thurb 148
avenacea,Kih 148
niutica, Torr 148
purpurea, Nutt 143
Trifolium
dasycarpum, T. &. G 21
involucratum, Willd 21
longipes, Nutt 20
nanum, Torr 21
Parryi, Gray 21
Triglochin
maritimum, L 132
palustre, L 132
Trisetum
subspieatum, Beauv 151
Triticum
agilopoide*, Turcz 151
caninum, L 151
repens, L 151
strigosum, Steud 151
Trollius
laxus, Salisb 4
Troximon
cuspidatum, Pursh 85
glaucum, Nutt 87
Tj-pha
'latifolia,L 132
TYPHACEJE 132
UMBELLLFER^: 50
UmbUicaria
cylindrica, Ach 162
rugifera, Nyl 162
Vniola
8tricta,Torr 150
Urachne
micrantha, Trin 145
Urtica
dioica, L 127
gracilis, Ait 127
URTICACE.E 127
Usnea
trichodea, Ach 161
Utricularia
gibba, L 90
vulgaris, L 90
Taccaria
vulgaris, Host 12
Vacc'iniuni
csespitosmn. MX 88
Myrtillus, L 88
Valeriaaa
dioica, L 54
edulis, Nutt 54
sylvatica, Richards 54
YALERIAXACE.E 54
; Taseya, Thurb 145
comata, Thurb 145
Yeratrum
album, L 133
Verbena
Aubletia, L 98
180
INDEX.
Pago.
Verbena Continued.
bracteosa, MX 98
hastata, L 98
stricta, Vent 98
VERBEXACEJE 98
Veronica
alpina, L 95
Americana, Sclrweiii 95
peregrina, L 1*5
serpyllifolia, L 95
Verrucaria
pyrenophora, Nyl 1G3
Vesicaria
didymocarpa, Hook
Ludoviciana, DC 7
montana, Gray
stenophylla, Gray 7
Viburnum
pauciflorum, Pylaie 54
Vicia
Americana, Muhl 32
micrantha, Nutt 32
truncata. Nutt 32
Vilfa
airoides, Nees & Meyer 143
cryptandra, Torr 142
cuspidata, Torr 143
depauperata, Torr 143
ramulosa, H. B. K 143
tricholepis, Torr 143
Villanova, Lag
chrysanthenioides, Gray
Viola'
biflora, L
Cauadensis, L
eamna, L
75
75
11
11 i
n
Page.
Viola Continued.
cucullata, Ait 11
delphinifolia, Nutt 11
Nuttallii, Pursk 11
palustris, L 11
VIOLACE^C 11
VITACE.E > 18
Vitis
cordifolia, MX 18
rinaria. MX 18
Webera
cruda, Schreb 158
elongata, Schwiogr 158
Ludwigii, Sprcug 158
Weisia
cirrhata, Hedw 155
crispula, Hedw 155
Withania, Puq 110
Coronopus, Torr 110
Woodsia
Oregana, Eaton 154
scopuliua, Eaton 154
Ximciiesia, Cav ~'.\
encelioides, Cav 73
Yucca
augustif olia, Ptirsli 135
Zieria
demissa (Horn.), Sclip 159
Zinnia, L 70
grundiilora, Nutt 70
Zygadeiius
^laucus, Nutt 133
Nuttallii, Gray . . . 133
Zygodon
l,;i])])ouicus, Br. Eur 157
ZYGOPHYLLACE.E.. 17
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