-II ml ffl I d*_ — Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/fiveshortcoursesOOwincrich FIVE SHORT COURSES OF READ- ING IN ENGLISH LITERATURE WITH BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL REFERENCES BY C. T. WINCHESTER Professor of English Literature in VVesleyan University THIRD REVISED EDITION AS" 3 « •. 1 • ; GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON -NEW YORK ■ CHICAGO • LONDON Copyright, 1891, 1900, 191 1, by C. T. WINCHESTER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 6l2.2 qEfrc atfaenaum 33regg GINN AND COMPANY- PRO- PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A. PREFACE These courses of reading were prepared originally for college students, and were used for several years by classes under my instruction. It is thought that, as now printed, they may be of service not only to other teachers but to reading clubs, and to any readers who are beginning a systematic study of our literature. It is evident that this little manual is intended as a guide to the general reader or the beginner, and not for the advanced student of literature. The courses are, as they are named, short. Only so much reading has been assigned to each one as it has been found practica- ble for a college student to do thoroughly in connection with an elementary study of literary history extending through one year. Each course is, however, followed by a list of M Additional Reading " for readers who have time and inclination to make a somewhat more thorough study of the period it covers; and it is believed that the five courses, taken together with the supplementary lists, will represent not very inadequately the nature and progress of English literature from the beginning of the Eliza- bethan period to the present day. I have confined my selections to belles lettres and have made no attempt to represent the wealth of English writ- ing in history or politics, philosophy or religion. Excep- tion to this rule is made only in the cases where an author, iii 241165 iv ENGLISH LITERATURE in some one of these departments, by the force of his per- sonality or by the power and charm of his style, has given to his work permanent literary quality. -Even the narrow- est definition of literature certainly ought not to exclude the best writing of Swift and Burke, of Jeremy Taylor and Cardinal Newman. In the fifth course all selections from fiction have been omitted. This, not because fiction is an unimportant part of the literature of the last half century, but rather because the reader can have little diffi- culty in choosing for himself the best books of the best recent novelists, while to choose among the host of second- best is not the purpose of this guide. As a rule, I have recommended not extracts nor quo- tations, but entire works. In some cases, however, where a book or poem is so long that it would be impracticable to include the whole of it in courses so brief as these must be, I have ventured to name a part ; but only when such part is clearly separable from the rest of the work and has some distinct unity of its own. In the lists of " Editions Recommended " I have included only such editions as seem to have some permanent value, — to be worthy a place not only in the classroom but also in the library. It will be obvious that the biographical and critical references given with each course make no pretension to bibliographical completeness. These lists aim to be judi- cious rather than exhaustive. No effort is made to give a full series of biographical data for any author. At the head of each list is usually placed one brief, but recent and accurate, biography, such as is likely to prove most serviceable to the class of readers for whom these lists are PREFACE V intended ; then follows the standard life — if any such there be — and after that, in chronological order, such other works as seem, for any reason, to be of most last- ing interest. Similarly, the lists of critical references include only such writing as can present some claim to independ- ent and permanent value as literature. No references have been given to periodical literature. This rule does, indeed, exclude a few critical essays of the first order of merit that have not yet been collected into volumes, but only a few, and those mostly of recent date. Moreover, detailed references to periodical literature are hardly necessary ; all readers having access to long files of periodicals have access also to their " Poole." COURSES OF READING COURSE I MARLOWE • GREENE ■ SHAKESPEARE ■ BACON • MILTON Christopher Marlowe. 1 564-1 593. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. Robert Greene. is5o(?)-i592. Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. ^ William Shakespeare. 1564-16 16. Henry Fourth, Parts I, II. As You Like It. v Hamlet/ Antony and Cleopatra. Winter's Tale. v Sonnets, Nos. 29, 30, ^, 73, 98, 99, no, in, 116, 146. Francis Bacon. 1 561-1626. v Essays, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, n, 16, 19, 22, 27, 46, 50. John Milton. 1608- 167 4. L'Allegro and II Penseroso. Comus. Lycidas. Paradise Lost, Book I. Samson Agonistes. 1 2 'ENGLISH LITERATURE Passages to be memorized Marlowe. Faustus, Scene XIII, 11. 91-100. Shakespeare. As You Like It, Act II, Se. 1, 11. 1-18; Act II, Sc. 7, Song : " Blow, blow thou winter wind." Hamlet, Act I, Sc. 3, 11. 58-80; Act III, Sc. 1, 11. 56-89, 150-161; Act V, Sc. 1, 11. 173-189. Antony and Cleopatra, Act IV, Sc. 14, 11. 1-22; Act IV, Sc. 15, 11. 73-91. Winter's Tale, Act IV, Sc. 4, 11. 79-146. Sonnets 30, 73. Milton. L'Allegro, 11. 57-90. II Penseroso, 11. 61-84, 155-166. Comus, 11. 453-463, 555~5 6 4> 890-900, 1018-1023. Lycidas, 11. 112-131. Paradise Lost, Book I, 11. 589-612. Samson Agonistes, 11. 665-704, 1 745-1 758. NOTES I. EDITIONS RECOMMENDED Marlowe. Doctor Faustus, and Greene's Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. Edited by A. W. Ward. [Clarendon Press Series.] Bacon, i. Essays, with Introduction and Notes by ' F. G. Selby. ^^ / *^ 2. Essays. Edited by W. Aldis Wright.-'* 3. Essays, with Introduction and Notes by Alfred ' A. West. [Pitt Press Series.] Milton. 1 . English Poems. Edited, with Life, In- ? troduction, and Notes, by R. C. Browne. 2 vols. [Clarendon Press Series.] 2. The Shorter Poems of John Milton. Edited by Andrew J. George. 3. The Cambridge Milton for Schools. Edited by /J^s^l-^ A. W. Verity. 4. Poetical Works. Edited, with Introduction, by David Masson. [Globe Edition.] 5. Poetical Works. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by David Masson. 3 vols. (This is the standard edition.) II. ADDITIONAL READING 1. From Authors already mentioned Shakespeare. t The plays of Shakespeare named above are selected as each representing one phase of his work, — history, 4 ENGLISH LITERATURE (English and Roman), comedy, tragedy, and romance. Read in chronological order, as named, they may also suggest the changes in Shakespeare's themes and the development of his genius. There is, perhaps, hardly need of direction in the choice of further reading from Shakespeare ; the following plays may, however, be men- tioned as among his most characteristic, and as illustrating well his subjects and his manner at different periods of his life. The order in which they are mentioned is the probable order of composition : A Midsummer Night's Dream Romeo and Juliet Richard II The Merchant of Venice Twelfth Night Julius Caesar Othello Lear Macbeth Cymbeline The Tempest 2. From Contemporary Authors DRAMA Ben Jonson. 1 574-1637. Every Man in His Humour. The Alchemist. Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. 1586-1616, 1 576— 1625. Philaster. COURSE I 5 JoJm Webster. The Duchess of Malfy. All these plays except the first may be found, slightly expurgated for students' use, in " The Best Elizabethan Plays," edited by W. R. Thayer, 1890. POETRY Contemporary with Shakespeare Edmund Spenser. 1 5 5 2 - 1 599. The Faery Queen : Book I, with the Introductory Letter to Walter Raleigh. Edited by G. W. Kitchin. [Clarendon Press Series.] Ben Jonson. Sad Shepherd. Underwoods. Palgrave's Golden Treasury of English Songs and Lyrics, Book I. Lyrics from Elizabethan Song Books, 1889 ; Lyrics from Elizabethan Romances, 1890; Lyrics from Eliza- bethan Dramatists, 1893. Edited by A. H. Bullen. A Book of Elizabethan Lyrics. Edited by Felix E. Schelling. 1895. [Athenaeum Press Series.] Contemporary with Milton Robert Herrick. 1591-1674. From The Hesperides, the following : The Argument of his Book, All Things decay and die, Delight in Disorder, The Bag of the Bee, A Country Life — to his Brother, To Virgins to make much of Time, To Primroses filled with Morning Dew, 6 ENGLISH LITERATURE To Anthea who may command Him, To Daffo- dils, To Blossoms, His Winding Sheet, Ode to Sir Clipsebie Crew, His Prayer to Ben Jonson, The Night Piece to Julia. George Herbert. 1593-1632. The Church Porch, Affliction, Matins, Sunday, Virtue, Man, Home, Dialogue, Peace, Man's Medley, The Flower, The Elixir, Charms and Knots. Andrew Marvell. 1620- 167S. The Bermudas, To his Coy Mistress, An Epitaph, The Garden, A Drop of Dew, Appleton House, An Elegy upon the Late Lord Protector. A Book of Seventeenth Century Lyrics. Edited by Felix E. Schelling. 1899. [Athenaeum Press Series.] PROSE Contemporary with Shakespeare r Philip Sidney. 1554-1586. Defense of Poesy. Edited by Albert S. Cook, 1890, or edited by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, 1890. John Lyly. 15 53-1 601. Euphues, or the Anatomie of Wit. [Arber's English Reprints.] v / 1 9 / l& Contemporary with Milton Jeremy Taylor. 1613-1667. The Rule and Exercise of Holy Dying, .Chapter I. Sermons : On the Return of Prayers, On the Fruits of Sin. COURSE I 7 Sir Thomas Browne. 1605 -1682. Religio Medici. Izaak Walton. 1 593-1 683. The Complete Angler. John Bufiyan. 1 628-1 688. The Pilgrim's Progress. /2£^> III. SELECT WORKS OF REFERENCE GENERAL LITERARY HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS George Saintsbury. History of Elizabethan Literature. 1887. Edmund W. Gosse. Seventeenth Century Studies. 1883. The Jacobean Poets. 1894. (Specially valuable for studies of the minor poets, 1603 -1660.) / H. B. Masterman. The Age of Milton. 1897. [Hand- books of English Literature.] //' / Courthope. History of English Poetry, Vol. II. 1897. Vol. III. 1903. Ba?-rett Wendell. The Temper of the Seventeenth Cen- tury in English Literature. 1904. Cambridge History of English Literature, Vols. Ill, IV. 1910. /. J. Jusserand. Literary History of the English People, Vol. II. From the Renaissance to the Civil War. 1909. HISTORY OF THE DRAMA F. E. Sehelling. Elizabethan Drama. 2 vols. 1558— 1642. Cambridge History of English Literature, Vols. V, VI. The Drama to 1642. 19 10. 8 ENGLISH LITERATURE A. W. Ward. History of the British Drama, Vol. I. New and revised edition. 1899. J. A. Symonds. Shakespeare's Predecessors. 1884. J. M. Manly. Specimens of the Pre-Shaksperean Drama, Vols. I, II. 1897. [Athenaeum Press Series.] (A third volume, containing the history of the drama before Shakespeare, is now in preparation.) C. M. Gayley. Representative English Comedies, from the Beginnings to Shakespeare. 1903. Katherine Lee Bates. The English Religious Drama. 1895. F. T. Or dish. Early London Theatres. 1894. Frederick S. Boas. Shakspere and His Predecessors. 1896. Ashley H. Thorndike. Tragedy. 1908. Briefer accounts may be found in the Introductions of the editions of Shakespeare by Hudson, White, Knight, and others. SHAKESPEARE 1. Biography, and Studies of his Character / O. Halliwell-Phillipps. Outlines of the Life of Shake- speare. 2 vols. Seventh edition. 1887. (Contains a very large collection of facts and documents illus- trating the life of Shakespeare.) Edward Dow den. A Primer of Shakspere. (The best very brief handbook of Shakespeare information.) Sidney Lee. A Life of William Shakespeare. 1898. (The best biography.) COURSE I 9 Karl Elze. Life of Shakespeare. Translated by L. Dora Schmitz. 1888. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Shakespeare, the Poet. [Repre- sentative Men. 1850.] Walter Bagehot. Shakespeare, the Man. 1853. [Liter- ary Studies, Vol. I.] Goldwin Smith. Shakespeare, the Man. 1900. Hamilton W. Mabie. William Shakespeare, Poet, Drama- tist, and Man. 190 1. A. C. Bradley. Shakespeare, the Man. [Oxford Lectures on Poetry. 1909.] H. N. MacCracken, F. E. Peirce, and W. H. Durham , An Introduction to Shakespeare. 19 10. 2. Criticism S. T. Coleridge. Notes and Lectures on the Plays of Shakespeare. 1811-1812, 1818. [Works, Vol. IV. 1871.] Mrs. A. M.Jameson. Characteristics of Women. Second edition. J. R. Lowell. Shakespeare Once More. [Among My Books, Vol. I. 1870.] H. N. Hudson. Shakespeare's Life, Art, and Characters. 2 vols. 1872. Edward Dow den. Shakspere : His Mind and Art. 1875- G. G. Gervinus. Shakespeare Commentaries. Trans- lated by F. E. Bunnett. 1875. IO ENGLISH LITERATURE F Kreyssig. Vorlesungen iiber Shakespeare. 2 vols. 1877. (Of the great mass of German criticism on Shakespeare, Kreyssig's is perhaps the best, but un- fortunately it has not yet been translated.) H. H. Furness. A New Variorum Edition of Shake- speare. Edited by Horace Howard Furness. Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Merchant of Venice, Lear, As You Like It, The Tempest, Winter's Tale, Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, Antony and Cleopatra, Love's Labour's Lost, Richard the Third. 1873- 1908. (This admirable edition, besides much matter illustrating the text, contains a copious selection of the best criticism, English and foreign. It is, for the general student, the best storehouse of information upon the plays thus far included in it.) R. G. Moulton. Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist. Second edition. 1890. Bernhard te?i Brink. Ten Lectures on Shakespeare. Translated by Julia Franklin. 1895. Georg Bra?ides. William Shakespeare, a Critical Study. Translated by George Archer, Mary Morison, and Diana White. 1898. (An interesting book, showing wide, if not always very accurate, research; but unfortunately it sometimes substitutes fancy or con- jecture for more sober fact.) /. Churton Collins. Studies in Shakespeare. 1904. A.C.Bradley. Shakespearean Tragedy. 1905. G. P. Baker. The Development of Shakespeare as a Dramatist. 1907. COURSE I II BACON R. II : Church. Bacon. 1884. [English Men of Let- ters Series.] Encyclopaedia Britannica. Eleventh edition. Article, " Bacon." E. P. Whipple. Literature of the Age of Elizabeth. 1871. MILTON 1. Biography Mark Pattison. Milton. 1880. [English Men of Let- ters Series.] Richard Garnett. Life. 1890. [Great Writers Series.] David Masson. The Life of Milton in Connexion with the History of His Time. 6 vols. (This is the standard life of Milton, but it is prolix and volumi- nous. Chapter VI of Vol. I gives a valuable esti- mate of the condition of English literature when Milton began his work.) Thomas De Quincey. Life of Milton. 1859. [Works, Masson's edition, Vol. IV.] R. C. Browne. Introduction to the Clarendon Press Edition of Milton, Vol. I. 1870. Walter Raleigh. Milton. 1900. 2. Criticism Samuel Johnson. Milton.- [Lives of the Poets. 1781.] S. T. Coleridge. Lectures on Shakespeare and Milton. 18 1 2. [Works, Vol. IV. 187 1.] 12 ENGLISH LITERATURE William Hazlitt. On Shakespeare and Milton. [Lectures on the Poets. 1818.] T. B. Macaulay. Milton. 1825. [Essays, Vol. I.] W. S. Landor. Imaginary Conversations, Southey and Landor. 1829. (On Milton's diction and style.) R.W.Emerson. On Milton. 1838. [Works, Vol. XII.] Thomas De Quincey . On Milton. 1839. [Works, Mas- son's edition, Vol. X.] Walter Bagehot. Milton. 1859. [Literary Studies, Vol. I.] Frederick D. Maurice. Milton. [The Friendship of Books, and other essays. 1874.] / R. Lowell. Milton. [Among My Books, Vol. II. 1876.] Edmond Scherer. Milton and Paradise Lost. [Essays on English Literature. Translated by George Saints- bury. From Etudes sur la litterature contempo- raine, Tome VI. 1882.] Matthew Arnold. 1 . A French Critic on Milton. [Mixed Essays. 1880.] 2. Milton. [Essays in Criticism. Second Series. 1888.] A. Birrell. Milton. [Obiter Dicta. Second Series. 1887.] William P. Trent. John Milton. A Study of His Life and Works. 1899. Edward Dowden. 1 . The Idealism of Milton. [Tran- scripts and Studies. 1888.] 2. Milton and Civil and Ecclesiastical Liberty. [Puritan and Anglican Studies. 1901.] COURSE I 13 W. J. Conrthope. Milton. [Life in Poetry and Law in Taste. 1 90 1.] /. W. Mackail. Spenser and Milton. [The Springs of Helicon. 1909.] SPENSER R. W. Church. Spenser. 1879. [English Men of Letters Series.] William Hazlitt. On Spenser. [Lectures on the Poets. 1818.] G. L. Craik. Spenser and His Poetry. 3 vols. 187 1. Frederick D. Maurice. Spenser's Faery Queen. [The Friendship of Books, and other essays. 1874.] / R. Lowell. Spenser. [Among My Books, Vol. II. 1876.] Edward Dowden. Spenser, the Poet and Teacher. [Transcripts and Studies. 1888.] BUNYAN Edward Venables. Bunyan. [Great Writers Series. 1888. Best short life.] /. A. Froude. Bunyan. 1880. [English Men of Let- ters Series.] T.B.Macaulay. John Bunyan. 1830. [Essays, Vol. I.] / Browne. John Bunyan : His Life, Times, and Work. 1885. Edward Dowden. John Bunyan. [Puritan and Anglican Studies. 1 90 i.l 14 ENGLISH LITERATURE HERBERT G. H. Palmer. The Life and Times of George Her- bert. 3 vols. 1905. (An admirable edition, in which the works are arranged in the probable order of their composition, and interpreted by the facts of Herbert's life.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES I 5 16 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES I? IS ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 19 20 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES COURSE II DRYDEN • ADDISON • STEELE • SWIFT ■ POPE Biographical Introduction Johnson's Lives of the Poets — Dryden, Swift, Pope. Thackeray's Lectures on the English Humourists. John Dryden. 1631-1701. Absalom and Achitophel. Joseph Addison. 1672-1719. 1. Spectator, Nos. 1, 2, 5, 10, 12, 13, 26, 34, 35, 37, 58, 59, 60, 81, 92, 98, 105, 106, 108, no, 112, 115, 117, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 130, 131, !59> *77i 26 9> 2 95> 3 2 9> 335> 3%3> 435> 445> 459> 476, 481, 494, 517, 557. (With the exception of No. 26, all these papers are to be found in Arnold's Selections from the Spectator, mentioned below.) 2. Or, The selections contained in either Green's or Deighton's edition, entire. (See below, " Editions Recommended.") Richard Steele. 167 2 -17 29. 1 . Letters to his wife ; papers from the Tatler, Spec- tator, and Guardian, in Carpenter's edition. (See below, " Editions Recommended.") 22 ENGLISH LITERATURE 2. Or, Selections from Steele's Papers in the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian. Edited by Austin Dobson. The following essays: Nos. 10, 17, 26, 29, 3 1 , 34, 35, 3 6 , 37j 3 8 , 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 5°, 53, 54, 55, 61, 62, 63, 75, 76, 82, 86, 104, 122. Jonathan Swift. 1667-1745. The Tale of a Tub — without the digressions. An Argument against Abolishing Christianity in England. The Journal to Stella, I-VIL Alexander Pope. 1 688-1 744. The Rape of the Lock. The Epistle to Doctor Arbuthnot. Passages to be memorized Dry den. Absalom and Achitophel, 11. 1 50-181. Addison. Spectator, No. 26. Reflections in Westminster Abbey, the last paragraph. Pope. The Rape of the Lock, Canto II, 11. 1-19. Epistle to Doctor Arbuthnot, 11. 193-214. Thackeray. Lecture on Addison, last paragraph. Lecture on Steele, the three paragraphs of which the first begins, "Our third humorist comes to speak upon the same subject." COURSE II 23 NOTES I. EDITIONS RECOMMENDED Dryden. 1. Select Poems. Edited by W. D. Christie. [Clarendon Press Series.] 2. Poetical Works. Edited by W. D. Christie. [Globe Edition.] 3. Works. Edited by George Saintsbury. 18 vols. (This is a reissue of Walter Scott's edition, the standard edition.) Addison. 1 . Selections from the Writings of Addison. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Barrett Wendell and C. N. Greenough. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 2. Selections from Addison's Papers contributed to the Spectator. Edited by Thomas Arnold. [Clarendon Press Series.] 3. Selections from Addison. Edited by J. R. Green. 4. Selections from the Spectator, with an Intro- duction and Notes by K. Deighton. 5. The Spectator. Edited by G. Gregory Smith, with an Introduction by Austin Dobson. 8 vols. Steele. 1 . Selections from the Works of Sir Richard Steele. Edited, with Notes and an Introduc- tion, by George R. Carpenter. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 24 ENGLISH LITERATURE 2. Selections from the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Austin Dobson. [Clarendon Press Series.] Swift, i . Swift. Selections from his Works. Edited, with Life, Introduction, and Notes, by Henry Craik. 2 vols. 2. The Tale of a Tub, Gulliver's Travels, and other works. Edited by Henry Morley. 2 vols. [Carisbrooke Library.] 3. Works, with Notes and a Life of the Author, by Sir Walter Scott. 19 vols. Second edi- tion. (This has been, for half a century, the standard edition and was reprinted, without change, 1883 -1884.) 4. The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift. Edited by Temple Scott. In 12 vols. 1897-1908. I. A Tale of a Tub. II. Journal to Stella. (Edited by F. Ryland.) Ill, IV. Writings on Religion and the Church. V. Eng- lish Political Tracts. VI. The Drapier's Letters. VII. Irish Political Tracts. VIII. Gulliver's Travels. (Edited by G. R. Dennis.) IX. Contributions to the Examiner, Spectator, etc. X. His- torical Writings. XL Literary Essays. XII. Bibliography, Index, etc. The most recent and complete edition. • Pope. 1. Poetical Works. Edited, with Notes and a Memoir, by A. W. Ward. [Globe Edition.] COURSE II 25 2. Satires and Epistles. Essay on Man. Edited by Mark Pattison. 2 vols. [Clarendon Press Series.] 3. Works, with Introductions and Notes by W. Elwin and W. J. Courthope. 10 vols. (This is the standard edition.) 4. Complete Poetical Works. Edited by H. W. Boynton. [Cambridge Edition.] II. ADDITIONAL READING 1. From Authors already mentioned Dry den. Religio Laici. Ode on Saint Cecilia's Day. Ode on Mrs. Anne Killigrew. Essay on Dramatic Poesy. Edited, with Notes, by Thomas Arnold. Addison. The Play of Cato. Steele. Letters to His Wife. [Correspondence, edited by J. Nichols, Vol. I.] Swift. The Battle of the Books. The Bickerstaff Papers. The Examiner, Nos. 15, 16, 19, 21, 27, 33, 35, 39> 43- The Drapier's Letters, I-IV. Gulliver's Travels. Pope. The Essay on Criticism. Moral Epistles, III, IV,— Of the Use of Riches. Imitations of Horace, First Epistle of Book Second, — To Augustus. The Essay on Man. Letters to Swift. 26 ENGLISH LITERATURE 2. From Contemporary Authors Samuel Butler. 1 600-1 680. Hudibras, Part I. Daniel Defoe. 1 663-1 731. The Shortest Way with Dissenters. The Apparition of Mrs. Veal. Robinson Crusoe. Henry St. Joh n , Viscount Bolingbroke. 1678-1751. The Idea of a Patriot King. Matthew Prior. 1664-1721. The Secretary, To a Child of Quality, The Garland, Cloe Jealous, Answer to Cloe Jealous, A Better Answer, To a Lady refusing to continue a Dispute. III. SELECT WORKS OF REFERENCE GENERAL LITERARY HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS {Bishop} George Berkeley. Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher. 1732. [Works, edited by A. C. Fraser, Vol. II.] T. B. Macaulay. History of England, Chapter III. 1848. Leslie Stephen. A History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, Chapter XII. 1876. / Stoughton. Religion in England in the Eighteenth Century. 2 vols. 1878. W. E. H. Lecky. History of England in the Eight- eenth Century, Chapters IV, IX. 1879. COURSE II 27 If. Hettner. Geschichte der Englischen Literatur, 1660-1770. Vierte Auflage. 1881. A. Beljame. Le public et les hommes de lettres en Angleterre aii XVI I I e siecle. 1881. (An excellent work.) T. S. Perry. English Literature in the Eighteenth Century. 1883. Frederic Harrison. A Few Words about the Eight- eenth Century. 1883. [The Choice of Books, and other essays.] W. J. Courthope. The Conservatism of the Eight- eenth Century. [The Liberal Movement in English Literature. 1885.] Edmund Gosse. 1. From Shakespeare to Pope. 1885. 2. A History of Eighteenth Century Literature, 1 660- 1 780. 1889. (The best sketch of the literature of this period.) W. C. Sydney. England and the English in the Eighteenth Century. 2 vols. 189 1. R. Garnett. The Age of Dryden. 1895. Joh?i Dennis. The Age of Pope. 1894. [Hand- books of English Literature.] O. Elton. The Augustan Ages. 1899. [Periods of European Literature.] (Shows the relation of English to other European literature, 1660- I 745-) Leslie Stephen. English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century. 1904. 28 ENGLISH LITERATURE DRYDEN G. Saintsbury. Dryden. 1881. [English Men of Letters Series.] Walter Scott. Life. 1806. (Included in Saints- bury's edition of the Works.) William Hazlitt. On Dryden and Pope. [Lectures on the Poets. 18 18.] T. B. Macaulay. Dryden. 1828. [Essays, Vol. I.] W. D. Christie. Biographical Memoir. [Prefixed to Globe Edition. 1870.] J. R. Lowell. Dryden. [Among My Books, Vol. I. 1870.] ADDISON W. J. Courthope. Addison. 1884. [English Men of Letters Series.] William Hazlitt. The Periodical Essayists. [Eng- lish Comic Writers. 1 8 1 9.] T. B. Macaulay. Life and 'Writings of Addison. 1843. [Essays, Vol. III.] STEELE Austin Dobson. Richard Steele. 1886. [English Worthies Series.] George A. Aitken. The Life of Richard Steele. 2 vols. 1889. (The latest and fullest life.) John Forster. Richard Steele. [Biographical Es- says. Third edition, i860.] COURSE II 29 SWIFT Leslie Stephen. Swift. 1882. [English Men of Letters Series.] John Forster. Life. 1876. (This work, which promised to be the best life of Swift, was left unfinished by Mr. Forster at his death. It carries the record of Swift's career only to the year 1 7 1 1 .) Henry Craik. Life. 1882. New edition. 2 vols. 1894. (This is the latest and fullest life of Swift.) W. E. H. J^ecky. Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland, — Swift. 1880. G. P. Moriarty. Dean Swift and His Writings. 1893. / Churton Collins. Jonathan Swift : A Biographical and Critical Study. 1893. A. Birrell. Dean Swift. [Men, Women, and Books. 1894.] Herbert Paul. The Prince of Journalists. [Men and Letters. 1901.] Alfred Ainger. Swift — His Life and Genius. [Lec- tures and Essays, Vol. I. 1905.] Sophie S. Smith. Dean Swift. 19 10. (Popular, chatty, and, in the main, just ; but adds little to our knowledge of Swift.) 30 ENGLISH LITERATURE POPE Leslie Stephe?i. Pope. 1880. [English Men of Letters Series.] W. J. Courthope. Life. 1889. (Forms Vol. V of Elwin and Courthope's edition of Pope's Works referred to above. The best life of Pope.) George Paston (pseudonym for Miss E. M. Symonds.) Mr. Pope, His Life and Times. 2 vols. 1909. (Popular in manner and not always accurate.) J. R. Spence. Anecdotes and Observations of Books and Men, from the Conversation of Mr. Pope. Second edition. 1858. (Valuable contempo- rary memoranda.) William Hazlitt. On Dryden and Pope. [Lectures on the English Poets. 18 18.] Thomas De Quincey. 1. A Life of Pope for the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Seventh edition. 1 82 7-1842. [Works, Masson's edition, Vol. IV.] 2. On the Poetry of Pope. 1848. [Works, Masson's edition, Vol. XL] / Conington. The Poetry of Pope. [Oxford Es- says. 1858.] J.R.Lowell. Pope. [My Study Windows. 1873.] Leslie Stephen. Pope as a Moralist: Mr. Elwin's edition of Pope. [Hours in a Library, Vol. I. 1874.] COURSE II 31 C A. Sainte-Beuve. Pope as a Poet. [English Portraits. Translated from the Causeries du Lundi. 1875.] C. W. Dilke. Pope's Writings. [Papers of a Critic, Vol.I. 1875.] John Dennis. Alexander Pope. [Studies in Eng- lish Literature. 1876.] A. Birrell. Pope. [Obiter Dicta. Second Series. 1887.] G. K. Chesterton. Pope and the Art of Satire. [Varied Types. 191 1.] DEFOE William Minto. Defoe. 1879. [English Men of Letters Series.] William Lee. Life. 3 vols. 1869. (Most com- plete life.) John Forster. Defoe. [Biographical Essays. Third edition, i860.] Leslie Stephen. Defoe's Novels. [Hours in a Library, Vol. I. 1874.] John Dennis. Daniel Defoe. [Studies in English Literature. 1876.] Thomas Wright. Life. 1894. (Mr. Wright is a sturdy defender of Defoe; it is one purpose of his book, he says, to show that Defoe en- deavored " to be at all times the man of God.") 32 ENGLISH LITERATURE BOLINGBROKE Walter Bagehot. Bolingbroke. 1863. [Biographical Studies.] J. Churton Collins. Bolingbroke : A Historical Study. 1886. W. Sichel. Bolingbroke and His Time. 2 vols. 1901-1902. PRIOR John Dennis. Matthew Prior. [Studies in English Literature. 1876.] Austin Dobson. Matthew Prior. [Eighteenth Cen- tury Vignettes. Third Series. 1896.] ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 33 34 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 35 36 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 37 38 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES COURSE III GRAY • GOLDSMITH • JOHNSON ■ BURKE • COWPER • BURNS Biographical Introduction Leslie Stephen's Life of Johnson. Dobson's Life of Goldsmith. Morley's Life of Burke. Thomas Gray. 1 7 1 6- 1 7 7 1 . Elegy Written in a Country Church- Yard. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. Oliver Goldsmith . 1728-1774. The Deserted Village. Retaliation. The Vicar of Wakefield/ Samuel Johnson. 17 09 -1785. The Vanity of Human Wishes. Rasselas. Edmund Burke. 1729-1797. Speech on American Taxation, April 19, 1774. Speech on Conciliation with America, March 22,1775. Reflections on the Revolution in France — the first half, to the close of the defense of the Established Church in England. Letter to a Noble Lord on His Pension. 39 40 ENGLISH LITERATURE William Cowper. 1 731-1800. Lines to His Mother's Picture. To Mary. The Task, — Book I, The Sofa. Robert Burns. 1759-1796. The Twa Dogs. The Farmer's Address to His Auld Mare, Maggie. Death and Dr. Hornbook. Address to the Deil. Epistle to Davie. The Cotter's Saturday Night. To a Mouse. To a Louse on a Lady's Bonnet. To a Mountain Daisy. Tarn o' Shanter. Songs : The Lass o' Ballochmyle, Duncan Gray, Contented wi' Little, Tarn Glen, Of a' the Airts the Wind Can Blaw, The Banks o' Doon, O Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast, Mary Morison, Ae Fond Kiss and then We Sever, Highland Mary, To Mary in Heaven, For a' That an' a' That. Passages to be memorized Gray. Elegy in a Country Church- Yard, stanzas 1-9, 14. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College, stanzas 2, 10. Goldsmith. The Deserted Village, 11. 1-14, 140-192. Burke. Speech on Conciliation with America, paragraph beginning, M Sir, I think you must perceive that I am resolved this day to have nothing at all to do with the question of the right of taxation." COURSE III 41 Reflections on the Revolution in France, paragraph describing Marie Antoinette. Letter to a Noble Lord, paragraph beginning, " Such are their ideas, such their religion, and such their law." Cowper. To Mary. The Task, Book I, 11. 154-180. Burns. The last stanza of the Lines to a Mouse, and To a Louse. Epistle to Davie, stanza 5. The Cotter's Saturday Night, stanzas 3, 12. Highland Mary. For a' That an' a' That. 42 ENGLISH LITERATURE NOTES I. EDITIONS RECOMMENDED Gray. i. Selections from the Poetry and Prose. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by William Lyon Phelps. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 2. Works in Prose and Verse, Edited by Edmund Gosse. 4 vols. (The best complete edition.) Goldsmith, i. Selected Poems. Edited, with Notes, by Austin Dobson. [Clarendon Press Series.] 2. Select Poems. Edited by W. J. Rolfe. 3. The Vicar of Wakefield. Edited, with Intro- duction and Notes, by Mary A. Jordan. [Longman's English Classics.] 4. The Vicar of Wakefield. Plays and Poems. With an Introduction by Henry Morley. [Morley's Universal Library.] 5. The Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Goldsmith, with Biographical Essay by Professor Masson. [Globe Edition.] 6. Works. Containing pieces hitherto uncollected, and a Life of the Author. With Notes, from various sources, by J. W. M. Gibbs. 5 vols. [Bohn's Standard Library.] (The latest and most complete edition.) Johnson. 1. Rasselas. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by G. B. Hill. [Clarendon Press Series.] 2. Rasselas, with Introduction and Notes by Oliver Farrar Emerson. COURSE III 43 3. Vanity of Human Wishes. Edited, with Notes, by E. J, Payne. [Clarendon Press Series.] 4. The Works of Samuel Johnson. Oxford, 1823- 1825. 11 vols. [Oxford Classic Edition — the standard edition.] Burke. 1. Burke. Select Works. With Intro- duction and Notes by E. J. Payne. Vol. I, Thoughts on the Present Discontents, The Two Speeches on America. Vol. II, Reflec- tions on the Revolution in France. Vol. Ill, Letters on a Regicide Peace. [Clarendon Press Series.] 2. Speech on Conciliation with America. Edited, with Notes and an Introduction, by Ham- mond Lamont. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 3. Speeches on the American War, and Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, with Introduction and Notes by A. J. George. 4. Complete Works. 8 vols. [Bohn's Standard Library.] Cowper. 1. Poetical Works. Edited by William Benham. [Globe Edition.] 2. Selections from the Poetical Works, with Intro- duction and Notes by James O. Murray. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 3. Select Works. Edited, with Introductions and Notes, by H. T. Griffith. Vol. I, Didactic Poems of 1 782, Select Minor Pieces. Vol. II, The Task, Tirocinium, Minor Poems. [Clar- endon Press Series.] 4. Letters. Edited by William Benham. 44 ENGLISH LITERATURE Burns, i. Complete Poetical Works. [Cambridge Edition.] (Perhaps the most convenient edition of the poetry. It is based upon the Centenary Edition, mentioned next, and contains Mr. Henley's Essay, Indexes, Glossary, and many notes from that edition.) 2. The Centenary Burns. Edited by W. R. Henley and T. F. Henderson. 4 vols. (The latest and perhaps the definitive edition, containing much matter not included in any previous one. The Essay by Mr. Henley is the most important study of Burns in the last thirty years, — care- ful, candid, very unsentimental, and, in the opinion of many readers, very unsympathetic.) 3. Complete Works. Edited by Alexander Smith. [Globe Edition.] (Convenient as containing in compact form not only the Poems but the Let- ters. Unfortunately the poems are not arranged in chronological order, and most are not dated.) 4. Selections from the Poems. Edited, with Intro- duction, Notes, and a Vocabulary, by John G. Dow. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 5. Life and Works. Edited by Robert Chambers. 4 vols. Revised by William Wallace. 1896. (In Chambers's edition the poems are set in their proper order in connection with a Life of the poet; Mr. Wallace has revised this Life in accordance with more recent study.) 6. The Complete Works. Edited, with a Summary of Burns's Career and Genius, by William Scott Douglas. 6 vols. COURSE III 45 II. ADDITIONAL READING i. From Authors already mentioned Goldsmith. She Stoops to Conquer. The Citizen of the World, Letters: i, 2, 4, 13, 21, 41, 51, 92, 100, 117. Essays : On the Use of Language, Beau Tibbs, On the English Clergy and Popular Preachers, A Reverie at the Boar's Head Tavern, Ad- ventures of a Strolling Player. Johnson. Taxation No Tyranny. (This may be considered as an answer to Burke's Speech on Conciliation with America.) Review of a Free Inquiry (by Soame Jenyns) into the Nature and Origin of Evil. (This is, perhaps, Johnson's most vigorous and characteristic paper.) The Life of Savage. Letter to Lord Chesterfield, February, 1755. Burke. Thoughts on the Causes of the Present Discontents. 1770. Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol. 1777. Speech before the Bristol Election. 1780. Reflections on the Revolution in France — entire. 1790. Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs. 1 79 1 . Cowper. The Task — Book IV, The Winter Evening. Selections from Cowper's Letters, especially those to Joseph Hill, William Unwin, and Ladv Hesketh. 46 ENGLISH LITERATURE Bums. The Holy Fair, The Brigs- of Ayr, The Vision, The Unco Guid, Halloween, The Jolly Beggars, Dedication to Gavin Hamilton, The Kirk's Alarm, To the Guidwife of Wauchope House, Epistles to John Lapraik. (Of the songs, nearly all have some excellence.) Selections from Burns's Letters, especially those to Mrs. Dunlop and to Miss Margaret Chal- mers. The correspondence with Mrs. M'Lehose (" Clarinda ") illustrates an important but not very creditable episode in Burns's life. 2. From Contemporary Authors POETRY James Thomson. 1 700-1 748. The Seasons. William Collins. 1721-1756. Ode written in 1746. Ode to Evening. The Passions. Dirge in Cymbeline. PROSE— THE RISE OF THE NOVEL Samuel Richardson. 1 689-1761. Pamela ; or, Virtue Rewarded. Henry Fielding. 1707-175 4. Tom Jones. Laurence Sterne. 1713-1768. Tristam Shandy. Frances Burney {Madame UArblay). 1752 -1840. Evelina. COURSE III 47 III. SELECT WORKS OF REFERENCE GENERAL LITERARY HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS See the list of works given under Course II. Addi- tional illustrations of the life of this period, especially the later portion of it, may be found in the following works : James Boswell. Life of Samuel Johnson. (See below.) Madame UArblay {Frances Burney). i. Diary and Letters. 7 vols. 1842 -18 46. 2. Early Journals. 2 vols. 1889. Horace Walpole. Letters. Edited by Peter Cunningham. 9 vols. Revised edition. 1891. W. M. Thackeray. Lectures on tl;e Four Georges. 1 86 1 . W. E. H Lecky. History of England in the Eighteenth Century, Chapter XXIII. 1887. Henry A. Beers. A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century. 1899. THE RISE OF THE NOVEL David Mdsson. British Novelists and Their Styles. 1859. William Forsyth. Novels and Novelists of the Eighteenth Century. 187 1. B.Tuckerman. A History of English Prose Fiction. 1882. J. J. Jusserand. The English Novel in the Time of Shake- speare. 1890. ' (For the Origins of English Prose Fiction.) Walter Raleigh. The English Novel ; a Short Sketch of Its History from the Earliest Times to the Appear- ance of Waverley. 1894. 48 ENGLISH LITERATURE Wilbur L. Cross. The Development of the English Novel. 1899. ( Tne best history of the English novel.) F H. Stoddard. The Evolution of the English Novel. 1900. GRAY Edmund Gosse. Life. New edition. 1889. [English Men of Letters Series.] Matthew Arnold. Gray. [Essays in Criticism. Second Series. 1888.] D. C. Tovey. Gray and His Friends. 1890. /. R. Lowell. Gray. [Latest Literary Essays. 1892.] GOLDSMITH Austin Dobson. Life. 1888. [Great Writers Series.] (Best brief life.) John Forster. Life and Times of Oliver Goldsmith. 2 vols. Fifth edition. 187 1. (The standard life.) Thomas De Quincey. Goldsmith. 1848. [Works, Mas- son's edition, Vol. IV.] (A review of the first edition of Forster's Life, and mostly concerned with the con- dition of society in Goldsmith's day.) Washington Irving. Life. 1849. T. B. Macaulay. Goldsmith. 1856. [Works, Vol. IV.] (Written for the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and re- tained in later editions.) William Black. Goldsmith. 1878. [English Men of Letters Series.] F Frankfort Moore. The Life of Oliver Goldsmith. 1 9 1 1 . COURSE III 49 JOHNSON Leslie Stephen. Johnson. 1878. [English Men of Letters Series.] (The best brief sketch of Johnson's life.) James Boswell. Life of Samuel Johnson. Edited by George Birkbeck Hill. 6 vols. 1887. (This is the latest and much the best edition of Boswell, — the best biography in the language, and quite indispen- sable to any student of eighteenth-century literature.) W. S. Landor. Imaginary Conversations between Samuel Johnson and John Home Tooke. 1829. [Imaginary Conversations, Vol. III.] T. B. Macaulay. 1. Samuel Johnson. 1831. [Essays, Vol. I.] (A review of Croker's edition of Boswell.) 2. Life of Johnson. 1856. [Works, Vol. IV.] (Written for the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and retained in the ninth edition.) Thomas Carlyle. Samuel Johnson. 1832. [Critical and Miscellaneous Essays.] G. B. Hill. Dr. Johnson, His Friends, and His Critics. 1878. Leslie Stephen. 1. Dr. Johnson's Writings. [Hours in a Library. Second Series. 1881.] 2. Johnsoniana. [Studies of a Biographer. 1899.] F.Grant. Life of Johnson. 1887. [Great Writers Series.] A. Birrell. Dr. Johnson. [Obiter Dicta. Second Series. 1887.] A Second Essay. [Men, Women, and Books. 1894.] Johnson Club Papers. By various hands. 1899. Walter Raleigh. Six Essays on Johnson. 19 10. (Full of fresh suggestion on a much-bewritten theme.) SO ENGLISH LITERATURE BURKE John Morley. i . Edmund Burke ; a Historical Study. 1867. 2. Edmund Burke. 1888. (Revised and abridged from the earlier book. The best brief study of Burke.) F. D. Maurice. Edmund Burke. [The Friendship of Books. 1874.] A. Birrell. Edmund Burke. [Obiter Dicta. Second Series. 1887.] Woodrow Wilson. The Interpreter of English Liberty. [Mere Literature. 1896.] The events that called out those writings of Burke assigned in this course may be briefly studied in the fol- lowing works : 1. For the American War / B. Green. History of the English People, Book IX, Chapter II. W. E. H. Lecky. History of England in the Eighteenth Century, Chapters XII, XIV. 1882. John Fiske. The American Revolution. 2 vols. 1891. W. M. Sloane. The French War and the Revolution. 1 893. G. O.Trevelyan. The American Revolution, Vol. I. 1899. 2. For the French Revolution B. M. Gardiner. The French Revolution. [Epochs of History Series.] (For a brief outline of the history.) James Mackintosh. Vindiciae Gallicae. 1791. (This is the ablest contemporary rejoinder to Burke's Reflec- tions on the Revolution.) COURSE III 51 F. A. Mignet. History of the Revolution. 1824. A. de Tocqueville. The Ancient Re'gime and the Revo- lution. 1856. H. T. Bicckle. History of Civilization, Vol. I, Chapters XII-XIV. 1856. C. K. Adams. Democracy and Monarchy in France, Chapters MIL 1875. H. Morse Stephens. 1 . History of the French Revolution, Vol. I. 1886. (A careful study of the early phases of the Revolution.) 2. Europe, 1789-18 15. [Periods of European History Series. Period VII. 1893.] Shailer Mathews. The French Revolution. A Study. 1901. The Cambridge Modern History, Vol. VIII, Chapters I-VI and XXV. COWPER W. Benham. Memoir. (Prefixed to the Globe Edition of Cowper's Poems. 1879. A very good sketch of Cowper's life.) Robert Soicthey. Life of Cowper. 3 vols. 1835. Walter Bagehot. William Cowper. 1855. [Literary Studies, Vol. I.] C. A. Sainte-Beuve. Cowper. [English Portraits. Trans- lations from the Causeries du Lundi. 1875.] Stopford A. Brooke. Theology in the English Poets — Cowper. 1875. Leslie Stephen. Cowper and Rousseau. [Hours in a Library. Third Series. 1879.] 52 ENGLISH LITERATURE Goldwin Smith. Cowper. 1880. [English Men of Letters Series.] Mrs. [M. 0.] Oliphant. Literary History of England, Vol. I. 1882. G. E. Woodberry. Three Men of Piety — Bunyan, Cowper, Channing. [Studies in Letters and Life. 1890.] T. Wright. Life. 1892. Alfred Ainger. Some Leaders of the Poetic Revival, 1 760-1820. Cowper and Burns. [Lectures and Essays, Vol. I. 1905.] Paul Elmer More. The Correspondence of Cowper. [Shelburne Essays. Third Series. 1905.] BURNS /. C. Shairp. Burns. 1879. [English Men of Letters Series.] / S. Blackie. Life. 1888. [Great Writers Series.] William Hazlitt. On Burns. [Lectures on the English Poets. 1818.] Thomas Carlyle. 1. Burns. 1828. [Critical and Mis- cellaneous Essays.] 2. Burns. The Hero as Man of Letters. 1840. [Heroes and Hero-Worship.] R.Chambers. Life [and Works]. 4 vols. 185 1. (Same work mentioned above, p. 44.) Charles Kingsley. Burns and His School. 185 1. [Works, Vol. XX.] John Wilson. Genius and Character of Burns. [Works, Vol. VII. 1857.] COURSE in 53 / G. Lockhart. Life. Enlarged edition. Edited by W. S. Douglas. 1882. / C. Shairp. Scottish Song and Burns. [Aspects of Poetry. 1882.] Mrs. \M. O.] Oliphant. Literary History of England, Vol. I. 1882. A.Lang. To Burns. [Letters to Dead Authors. 1886.] R. L. Stevenson. Some Aspects of Robert Burns. [Familiar Studies of Men and Books. 1887.] Ji. Angellier. Robert Burns. La vie et les ceuvres. 2 vols. 1893. (This, one of the best books on the life and work of Burns, unfortunately is not yet issued in translation.) IV. Wallace. Correspondence of Burns and Mrs. Dunlop. With elucidations. 2 vols. 1898. W. E. Henley. Life, Genius, Achievement. (Essay in the Centenary Edition, 1899, mentioned above, p. 44.) 54 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 55 56 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES $7 58 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 59 COURSE IV WORDSWORTH • COLERIDGE • DE QUINCEY ■ LAMB • BYRON • SHELLEY ■ KEATS William Wordsworth. 1770-1850. 1. From the volume of Selections edited by Dowden (Athenaeum Press Series), the following : All poems bearing the dates 1797, 1798; of those bearing date 1800 — "There is an eminence," Michael; of 1802 — To the Cuckoo, " My heart leaps up," Resolution and Independence, In Thomson's Castle of Indolence, A Farewell, To H. C, To the Daisy; of 1803 — The Green Linnet, Yew Trees, At the Grave of Burns, To a Highland Girl, Stepping Westward, The Solitary Reaper, Yarrow Unvisited; of 1804 — "She was a phantom of delight," M I wandered lonely as a cloud " ; of 1805 — Ode to Duty/To a Skylark, Peele Castle ; of 1806 — The Happy Warrior, The Mountain Echo, Personal Talk, M Loud is the vale," Ode on Intimations of Immortality. Of the Sonnets : London — 1802, On Westminster Bridge, "It is a beauteous evening," " The world is too much with us," After-Thought. 2 . Or, From the volume of Selections chosen and edited by Matthew Arnold, the following: The Reverie of Poor Susan, Song at the Feast of Brougham 60 COURSE IV 6l Castle, The Leech Gatherer, The Brothers, Michael, all the " Lyrical Poems," Laodamia, Character of the Happy Warrior, Ode to Duty, Ode on Inti- mations of Immortality, Sonnets 8, 9, 10, 19, 23, 27, 29, 36, Influence of Natural Objects, There was a Boy, Yew Trees, Lines above Tintern Abbey, To My Infant Daughter, French Revo- lution, A Farewell, Stanzas in Thomson's Castle of Indolence, Matthew, The Fountain, A Poet's Epitaph, Lines on the Death of Mr. Fox, A Picture of Peele Castle, Evening Voluntaries. Samuel Taylor Coleridge . 1772-1834. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Love. Biographia Literaria, Chapters IV, XIV, XVII, XIX, XXII. Thomas De Quincey. 1785-1859. Recollections of Coleridge and Wordsworth. [Mas- son's edition of De Quincey 's Works, Vol. II, Chapters II-V.] The Affliction of Childhood. [Masson's edition, Vol. I, Chapter II.] The English Mail-Coach. [Masson's edition, Vol. XIII.] Charles Lamb. 1775-1834. Of the Essays of Elia, the following : Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago, A Chapter on Ears, A Quakers' Meeting, My Relations, Mackery End in Hertfordshire, Dream Children, A Dissertation upon Roast Pig, The Superannuated Man, Old China. 62 ENGLISH LITERATURE George Gordon Noel Byron . 1 7 8 8 - 1 8 2 4. Childe Harold, Canto IV. Percy Bysshe Shelley. 1792-1822. 1. From Select Poems by Shelley, edited by W. J. Alexander (Athenaeum Press Series), the following: In Lechlade Churchyard, Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, Mont Blanc, In Dejection near Naples, Lines Written among the Euganean Hills, Ode to the West Wind, The Sensitive Plant, The Cloud, To a Skylark, Ode to Liberty, Arethusa, Adonais, " Music when soft voices die," The Aziola, Song — M Rarely comest thou, Spirit of Delight," " One word is too often profaned," A Lament, To Jane — the Invitation, To Jane — the Recollection, With a Guitar — to Jane, Lines in the Bay of Lerici, Hellas — closing chorus. 2. Or, From the volume of Poems from Shelley, selected and arranged by Stopford A. Brooke, the following : Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, Ode to Liberty, " Poems of Nature and Man," and " Poems of Pure Nature," The Sensitive Plant, Last Love Poems, Adonais, Ode to the West Wind. John Keats. 1795-1821. The Eve of St. Agnes. Ode to a Nightingale. Ode on a Grecian Urn. To Autumn. Hyperion, Book I. La belle dame sans meroi. COURSE IV 63 Sonnets : On Looking into Chapman's Homer, M How many bards gild the lapses of time," M Keen fitful gusts are whisp'ring here and there," On the Grasshopper and Cricket, M When I have fears that I may cease to be," " Bright star ! would I were steadfast as thou art." Passages to be memorized Wordsworth. w Three years she grew," stanzas 2, 3, 4, 5. The Solitary Reaper. Ode on Intimations of Immortality, stanzas 5, 9. Lines above Tintern Abbey, ten lines beginning, "And I have felt A presence that disturbs me with the joy Of elevated thoughts." M She was a phantom of delight." Sonnet : M The world is too much with us." Coleridge. The Ancient Mariner, Part III, stanzas 7-13; Part V, stanzas 15-18; Part VII, stanzas 22, 23. Lamb. Dream Children. The last third of the essay, beginning, " Then, in a somewhat more heightened tone, I told," etc. Byrofi. Childe Harold, Canto IV, stanzas 178, 179, 183. Shelley. The Cloud, stanzas 1, 3, 4, 6. To a Skylark, stanzas 17, 18. 64 ENGLISH LITERATURE Ode to the West Wind, iv, v. e< Music when soft voices die." M Rarely, rarely comest thou," stanzas 5, 6, 7, Keats. Ode to a Nightingale, stanzas 3, 7, 8. Ode on a Grecian Urn, stanzas 2,5. Eve of St. Agnes, stanzas 25, 30, 33. Sonnet : On Looking into Chapman's Homer. COURSE IV 65 NOTES I. EDITIONS RECOMMENDED Wordsworth. 1. Poems by William Wordsworth. A Selection, edited by Edward Dowden. [Athe- naeum Press Series.] 2. Poems of Wordsworth. Chosen and edited by Matthew Arnold. 3. The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, with Introduction and Notes. Edited by Thomas Hutchinson. [Oxford Edition. Accurate text.] 4. The Complete Poetical Works of William Words- worth, with an Introduction by John Morley. 5. The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth. Edited, with Memoir, by Edward Dowden. 7 vols. [Aldine Edition.] 6. The Works of William and Dorothy Words- worth. 8 vols. The Prose Works. 2 vols. The Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth. 2 vols. Edited by William Knight. (This is the most complete edition; it supersedes Knight's Library Edition, 1882-1886, and corrects numerous errors of that edition.) 7. The Complete Poetical Works of Wordsworth. Edited by Andrew J. George. [Cambridge Edition.] Coleridge. 1. The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited, with a Biographical Intro- duction, by James Dykes Campbell. (Best 66 ENGLISH LITERATURE edition of the poetry ; the Introduction is also the latest and best memoir of the poet.) 2. Coleridge's Principles of Criticism, Chapters I, III, IV, XIV-XXII of Biographia Literaria. With Introduction and Notes by Andrew J. George. 3. The Friend ; Biographia Literaria and Lay Ser- mons ; Aids to Reflection and Confessions of an Enquiring Spirit ; Lectures on Shake- speare. [Bohn's Standard Library.] 4. The Complete Works, with an Introductory Essay upon His Philosophical and Theolog- ical Opinions by Rev. James Marsh, D.D. Edited by Professor Shedd. 7 vols. (This American edition is still perhaps the best uniform edition of all Coleridge's writings. Vol. Ill contains the Biographia Literaria; Vol. VII, the Ancient Mariner, and other poetical and dramatic works.) De Quincey. 1. Selections from the Writings of De Quincey, with Introduction and Notes by Milton H. Turk. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 2. The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey. Edited by David Masson. 14 vols. (The latest, fullest, and most carefully edited edition.) 3. The Works of Thomas De Quincey. 12 vols. [Riverside Edition.] 4. Confessions of an English Opium Eater, with Introduction and Notes by G. A. Wauchope. (Part I, in the original version of 182 1 ; Parts II and III in the revised version of 1856.) COURSE IV 67 Lamb. 1. The Essays of Elia. With an Intro- duction and Notes by Alfred Ainger. 2. The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb. Edited by E. V. Lucas. 7 vols. (Vol. II, The Es- says of Elia. Latest and best edition.) Byron. 1. Childe Harold. Edited, with Notes, by H. E. Tozer. [Clarendon Press Series.] 2. The Poetical Works of Lord Byron. Edited, with a Memoir, by Ernest Hartley Coleridge. (Best one-volume edition.) 3. The Works of Lord Byron. A new, revised, and enlarged edition. Letters and Journals, edited by Roland E. Prothero. Poetry, edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge. (Most complete edition. Letters and Journals. 6 vols. Poetry. 7 vols.) 4. The Poetical Works. [Oxford Edition.] 5. Complete Poetical Works. Edited by Paul Elmer More. [Cambridge Edition.] Stielley. 1. Select Poems of Shelley. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by W. J. Alexander. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 2. Poems from Shelley. Selected and arranged by Stopford A. Brooke. 3. Prometheus Unbound. Edited by Vida D. Scudder. 4. The Complete Poetical Works. Edited by Edward Dowden. 5. The Complete Poetical Works. Edited by George E. Woodberry. [Cambridge Edition.] 68 ENGLISH LITERATURE 6. Complete Poetical Works. Edited, with an Introductory Memoir and Notes, by George E. Woodberry. 4 vols. [Centenary Edition.] 7. The Complete Poetical Works, with Notes and a Memoir by W. M. Rossetti. 3 vols. 8. The Poetical Works. Edited by H. B. Forman. 5 vols. [Aldine Edition.] 9. The Prose Works. Edited by H. B. Forman. 4 vols. Keats. 1. The Complete Poetical Works and Letters of John Keats. Edited by H. E. Scudder. [Cambridge Edition.] (Best edition for general use ; brings into one volume, of not inconvenient size, the whole body of Keats's writing.) 2. Poems by John Keats. Edited, with Introduc- tion and Notes, by Arlo Bates. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 3. The Poetical Works, with Notes by Francis T. Palgrave. (Well edited and convenient.) 4. Poetical Works. Edited by William T. Arnold. 5. The Poetical Works and Other Writings. Edited, with Notes and Appendixes, by H. B. Forman. 4 vols. [Vols. I, II, Poetry ; Vols. Ill, IV, Prose.] (The most complete edition.) 6. The Poems of John Keats, with an Introduction and Notes by E. de Selincourt. (Full bio- graphical and critical notes ; of special value as indicating the influences that decided the development of the poet's genius.) COURSE IV 69 ADDITIONAL READING 1. From Authors already mentioned Wordsworth. The volume of Selections by Matthew Arnold, or that by A. J. George — both men- tioned above — entire. The Prelude, especially Books I, II, IV, XII, XIII, XIV. The Excursion, Books I f II, VI, VII. Coleridge. Poems : Christabel. Kubla Khan. Ode to the Departing Year. Ode to France. Fears in Solitude. Hymn in the Vale of Chamouni. The Nightingale. Frost at Midnight. Ode to Dejection. Youth and Age. Prose: Biographia Literaria, Chapters I-IV,XIII- XXII. From the Lectures on Shakespeare, the sections M Definition of Poetry " and " Shakespeare a Poet, generally." De Quincey. Confessions of an English Opium Eater. Levana, and Our Ladies of Sorrow. Joan of Arc. Lamb. Essays of Elia. First Series, entire. From the Last Essays, these : Detached Thoughts on Books and Reading, The Genteel Style in Writing, The Tombs in the Abbey, The Child Angel. JO ENGLISH LITERATURE Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago. From the Correspondence, the following let- ters: To Coleridge, Jan. 10, 1797 ; Feb. 13, 1797 ; To Southey, July 28, 1798 ; To Man- ning, Aug. 11, 1800; To Wordsworth, Jan. 30, 180 1 ; To Manning, Sept. 24, 1802 ; To Mrs. Wordsworth, Feb. 1 8, 1 8 1 8 ; To Southey (open letter of Elia to Robert Southey, printed in the Lond#n Magazine, October, 1823); To Southey, Nov. 21, 1823; To Wordsworth, April 6, 1825. Byron. Childe Harold, Canto III. The Bride of Abydos. Manfred. The Prisoner of Chillon. Don Juan, Canto III. " When we two parted." M On this day I complete my thirty-sixth year." Sfielley. Alastor. Prometheus Unbound. Epipsychidion. Hellas. All the Minor Lyrics of the years 1817-1820. Keats. " I stood tiptoe upon a little hill." Sleep and Poetry. Endymion, Book I. Lamia. To Psyche, Melancholy. Fancy. Hyperion, Books II, III. The Eve of St. Mark. COURSE IV 71 2. From Contemporary Authors William Hazlitt. 1778-1830. From the Table Talk : On the Past and Future, On People with One Idea, On Living to One's Self, On Great and Small Things, Why Dis- tant Objects Please, On the Fear of Death. From the Plain Speaker: The Prose Style of Poets, The Pleasure of Hating, Reading Old Books, People of Sense, On Antiquity, On Novelty and Familiarity. From Sketches and Essays : Merry England, On a Sun Dial, On Disagreeable People. From Winterslow : My First Acquaintance with Poets, Of Persons One would Wish to have Seen, Of the Feeling of Immortality in Youth, On the Character of Burke, A Farewell to Essay Writing. Walter Scott. 1 7 7 1 - 1 83 2 . Marmion. The Lady of the Lake. Songs : Jock o' Hazeldean, County Guy (from Quentin Durward), Pibroch of Donald Dhu. Novels : Waverley. Guy Mannering. Antiquary. Old Mortality. The Heart of Midlothian. Bride of Lammermoor. Quentin Durward. Ivanhoe. Kenilworth. *]2 ENGLISH LITERATURE Walter Savage Landor. 1 7 7 5 -i 864. Imaginary Conversations — Dialogues of Liter- ary Men : Lord Brooke and Philip Sidney. Southey and Porson. Chaucer, Boccaccio, and Petrarca. Barrow and Newton. Landor and Archdeacon Hare. Poems : A Faesulan Idyl. Rose Aylmer. Jane Austen. 1775-1817. Pride and Prejudice. Mansfield Park. Emma. III. SELECT WORKS OF REFERENCE GENERAL LITERARY HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS Edward Dowden. 1. The French Revolution and Literature, The Transcendental Movement and Literature. [Studies in Literature. 1789- 1877.] 1878. 2. The French Revolution and English Literature. Lectures delivered in Princeton University. 1897. Mrs. \M. O.] Oliphant. Literary History of Eng- land in the End of the Eighteenth and Beginning of the Nineteenth Century. 3 vols. 1882. T. Hall Caine. Cobwebs of Criticism. 1883. (Show- ing the temper and manner of much early criticism on Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats.) COURSE iv 73 W.J. Courthope. The Liberal Movement in English Literature. 1885. G. Saintsbury. 1. Essays in English Literature, 1 780-1860. First Series, 1891 ; Second Series, 1895. (Biographical and critical essays upon the prose writers of this period.) 2. A History of Nineteenth Century Literature, 1780-1895. 1896. Vida D. Scudder. The Life of the Spirit in Modern English Poets. 1896. C. H. Herford. The Age of Wordsworth. 1897. [Handbooks of English Literature.] (An ad- mirable little manual.) H. A. Beers. A History of English Romanticism in the Nineteenth Century. 1901. Arthur Symons. The Romantic Movement in Eng- lish Poetry. 1909. W.J. Courthope. History of English Poetry, Vol. VI. 1910. Considerable information concerning the lives of the writers of this period, and concerning the literary society of the period, may be obtained from such biographical works as the following : Thomas De Quincey. Literary Reminiscences and Biographical Essays. 1 835-1 840. Leigh Hunt. Autobiography. 3 vols. 1850. H. Crabbe Robinson. Diary and Correspondence. 2 vols. 187 1. Benjamin R. Haydon. Correspondence and Table Talk. 2 vols. 1876. ' 74 ENGLISH LITERATURE Charles and Mary Cowden Clarke. Recollections of Writers. 1878. Carolifie Fox. Memories of Old Friends. 1882. E. T. Mason. Personal Traits of English Authors. 4 vols. 1885. (Made up of quotations from various biographical works.) S. Smiles. A Publisher and His Friends. Memoirs and Correspondence of John Murray. 1891. Mrs. [M O.] Oliphant. William Blackwood and His Sons : Their Magazine and Friends. 3 vols. 1897-1898. WORDSWORTH 1. Biographical < F W. Myers. Life. 1881. [English Men of Let- ters Series.] Walter Raleigh. Wordsworth. 1903. W. Knight. Life. 3 vols. 1889. (Forming Vols. IX, X, XI, of Knight's edition of Wordsworth's Works. The fullest and most recent Life of Wordsworth.) Memorials of Coleorton. Letters of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, and Scott, to Sir George and Lady Beaumont. 2 vols. 1887. H. D. Rawnsley. Literary Associations of the Eng- lish Lakes. 2 vols. 1894. COURSE iv 75 2. Critical Francis Jeffrey. Wordsworth's Poetry. (Contribu- tions to the Edinburgh Review. These papers, reprinted from the Edinburgh Review, October, 1807, to November, 18 14, are the most famous of the early attacks on Wordsworth.) William Hazlitt. On Wordsworth. [Lectures on the English Poets. 18 18.] Wordsworth. [Spirit of the Age. 1825.] Thomas De Quincey. On Wordsworth's Poetry. 1845. [Works, Masson's edition, Vol. XI.] David Masson. Wordsworth. 1856. [Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats.] Arthur Hugh Clough. On the Poetry of Words- worth. 1853(F). [Prose Remains.] Walter Bagehot. Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Brown- ing; or, Pure, Ornate, and Grotesque Art in English Poetry. 1864. [Literary Studies, Vol. II.] J. C. Shairp. 1 . Wordsworth, the Man and the Poet. [Studies in Poetry and Philosophy. Second edition. 1874.] 2. The Journal of Dorothy Wordsworth. 1875. 3. The Three Yarrows ; The White Doe of Rylstone. [Aspects of Poetry. 1882.] J. R. Lowell. Wordsworth. [Among My Books, Vol. II. 1876.] R. H. Hutton. Wordsworth and His Genius. [Essays, Theological and Literary, Vol. II. Second edition. 1877.] J6 ENGLISH LITERATURE Leslie Stephen. Wordsworth's Ethics. [Hours in a Library. Third Series. 1879.] Matthew Arnold. Wordsworth. 1879. [Essays in Criticism. Second Series.] (This essay is the Introduction to Mr. Arnold's volume of Selec- tions from Wordsworth, mentioned above.) H. N. Hudson. Studies in Wordsworth. 1884. W. J. Courthope. Wordsworth's Theory of Poetry. [Liberal Movement in English Literature. 1885.] E. Lee. Dorothy Wordsworth. 1886. C. F. Johnson. Wordsworth. [Three Americans and Three Englishmen. 1886.] Roden Noel. Wordsworth. [Essays on Poetry and Poets. 1886.] Aubrey de Vere. Wordsworth. [Essays, Chiefly on Poetry. 1887.] Edward Dowden. On the Text of Wordsworth's Poems. [Transcripts and Studies. 1888.] Walter Pater. Wordsworth. [Appreciations. 1889.] Wordsworth Society. Wordsworthian. A Selection from Papers read before the Wordsworth Society. Edited by William Knight. 1889. W.J. Dawson. Makers of Modern English, Chapters X-XVI. 1890. Edmond Scherer. Wordsworth and Modern Poetry. [Essays on English Literature. Translated by George Saintsbury. 189 1.] E. Caird. Wordsworth. [Essays on Literature and Philosophy, Vol. I. 1892.] course iv yy Vida D. Scudder. Wordsworth and the New Democ- racy. [The Life of the Spirit in the Modern English Poets. 1896.] William P. Inge. The Mysticism of Wordsworth. [Studies of English Mysticism. 1906.] A. C. Bradley. Wordsworth. [Oxford Lectures on Poetry. 1909.] COLERIDGE 1. Biographical J. Dykes Campbell. Samuel Taylor Coleridge. A Narrative of the Events of His Life. 1894. (Substantially a reprint of the Introduction in Campbell's edition of the Poetical Works, issued the year before. This is now much the best narrative of Coleridge's life.) H.D.Traill. Coleridge. 1884. [English Men of Letters Series.] T. Hall Came. Life. 1887. [Great Writers Series.] William Hazlitt. My First Acquaintance with Poets. 1823. [Winterslow, Essays written there.] T. Allsop. Letters, Conversations, and Reflections of S. T. Coleridge. 2 vols. 1836. James Gillma?i. Life, Vol. I. 1838. (No more published.) Joseph Cottle. Reminiscences of Coleridge and Southey. 1847. (Valuable authority on the early life.) Thomas Carlyle. Life of Sterling. 185 1. (Espe- cially Chapter VIII of Part I, which contains the famous picture of Coleridge in his old age.) 78 ENGLISH LITERATURE Sara Coleridge. Memoirs and Correspondence. 1874. (Much information with reference to her father.) Memorials of Coleorton. 1887. (See above, under Wordsworth.) A. Brandt. Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the Eng- lish Romantic Movement. Translated by Lady Eastlake. 1887. (Perhaps the best exposition of Coleridge's literary relations.) Mrs. Henry Sandford. Thomas Poole and His Friends. 1888. (Mr. Poole's greatest and most intimate friend, for a time, was Coleridge.) E. H. Coleridge. 1 . Letters of Samuel Taylor Cole- ridge. " Edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge. 2 vols. 1895. (The only collected edition of Coleridge's letters ; invaluable for a picture of his life and character.) 2. Anima Poetae. From the Unpublished Note Books of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge. 1895. 2. Critical A. On his Literary Work E. P. Whipple. Coleridge as a Poet and Critic. [Literary Essays and Reviews, Vol. I. 1848.] / C. Shairp. Coleridge as Poet and Philosopher. [Studies in Poetry and Philosophy. Second edition. 1874.] A. C. Swinburne. Coleridge. [Essays and Studies. 1876.] COURSE iv 79 /. R. Lowell. Address in Westminster Abbey, 7th May, 1885. [Democracy and Other Ad- dresses.] C. F. Johnson. Coleridge. [Three Americans and Three Englishmen. 1886.] Walter Pater. Coleridge. [Appreciations. 1889.] G. E. Woodberry. 1. Coleridge and Sir George Beaumont. [Studies in Letters and Life. 1890.] 2. Coleridge. [Makers of Literature. 1900.] W. Watson. Coleridge's Supernaturalism. [Excur- sions in Criticism. 1893.] Richard Garnett. The Poetry of Coleridge. [Essays of an Ex-Librarian. 1901.] B. On his Philosophical Position and Influence James Marsh. Essay on the Philosophical and Theological Opinions of Coleridge. 1829. (Prefixed to the edition of his works mentioned above, p. 66.) W. G. T. Shedd. Coleridge as a Philosopher and Theologian. 1836. [Literary Essays.] (Same essay prefixed to the edition of his works men- tioned above, p. 66.) /. S. Mill. Coleridge. 1840. [Dissertations and Discussions, Vol. II.] James Martineau. Personal Influences on Our The- ology — Coleridge. 1856. [Essays, Philosoph- ical and Theological, Vol. I.] 80 ENGLISH LITERATURE /. H. Green. Spiritual Philosophy ; founded on the Teaching of S. T. Coleridge. Edited, with a Memoir, by T. Simon. 2 vols. 1865. /. Tulloch. Coleridge and His School. [Religious Thought in Britain during the Nineteenth Century. 1885.] DE QUINCEY 1. Biographical David Masson. DeQuincey. 1882. [English Men of Letters Series.] H. A. Page (pseudonym for A. H. Japf). Life and Writings. 2 vols. 1877. (The standard life.) / R. Findlay. Personal Recollections of De Quincey. 1885. A. H. Japp. De Quincey Memorials ; being Letters and Other Records, edited with Introduction, Notes, and Narrative. 2 vols. 1891. 2. Critical David Masson. Prose and Verse — De Quincey. [Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, and other essays. 1856.] William Minto. De Quincey's Style. [Manual of English Prose Literature, Part I. 1872.] (A detailed examination of De Quincey's style as illustrating rhetorical principles.) Leslie Stephen. De Quincey. [Hours in a Library. First Series. 1874.] COURSE IV 8 1 George Saintsbury. De Quincey. [Essays in Eng- lish Literature, 1 780-1860. 189 1.] C. T. Winchester. Thomas De Quincey. [A Group of English Essayists. 19 10.] LAMB A. Ainger. Charles Lamb. 1888. (Best brief life. Originally published in the English Men of Letters Series, but enlarged and revised for this edition.) E. V. Lucas. The Life of Charles Lamb. 2 vols. 1905. (The standard life.) Thomas De Quincey. Personal Reminiscences, 1838; Biography, 1848. [Works, Masson's edition, Vols. Ill, IV.] T. N. Talfourd. Memorial of Charles Lamb. 1848. B. W. Procter {Barry Cornwall). Charles Lamb : A Memoir. 1866. Annie Gilchrist. Life of Mary Lamb. 1883. [Emi- nent Women Series.] A. C. Swinburne. Charles Lamb and George Wither. [Miscellanies. 1886.] A. Birrell. 1. Charles Lamb. [Obiter Dicta. Second Series. 1887.] 2. The Letters of Charles Lamb. [Res Judicatae. 1892.] Walter Pater. Charles Lamb. [Appreciations. 1889.] F. Harrison. Lamb and Keats. [Tennyson, Rus- kin, Mill, and other essays. 1900.] 82 ENGLISH LITERATURE G. E. Woodberry. Charles Lamb ; or, Elia. [Makers of Literature. 1900.] Alfred Ainger. The Letters of Lamb; Lamb in Hertfordshire. [Lectures and Essays, Vol. II. i9°5-] Paul E. More. Charles Lamb. [Shelburne Essays. Second Series. 1905.] C. T. Winchester. Charles Lamb. [A Group of English Essayists. 19 10.] BYRON 1. Biographical A. Recent Works Roden Noel. Life. 1890. [Great Writers Series.] (The latest, and perhaps the best, brief sketch.) John Nichol. Byron. 1880. [English Men of Letters Series.] Karl Elze. Lord Byron: A Biography. 1872. (Full, and in the main excellent.) / C.Jeaffreson. The Real Lord Byron. 1883. B. Contemporary Works R. C. Dallas. Recollections of Lord Byron. 1824. Leigh Hunt. Lord Byron and His Contemporaries. 1828. J.Kennedy. Conversations with Lord Byron. 1830. Thomas Moore. The Life and Prose Works of Lord Byron. 2 vols. 1830. COURSE IV 83 E. J. Trelawney. Recollections of Shelley, Byron, and the Author. 1858. Teresa Giciccioli, Countess. My Recollections of Lord Byron. 2 vols. 1869. 2. Personal and Literary Criticism William Hazlitt. Lord Byron. [Spirit of the Age. 1825.] T. B. Macaulay. Byron. 1830. [Essays, Vol. I.] Joseph Mazzini. Byron and Goethe. 1839. [Writings, Vol. VI ; or, Essays, in M Camelot Series."] E. P. Whipple. Byron. [Essays and Reviews, Vol. I. 1848.] John Morley. Byron. [Miscellanies, Vol. I. 1877.] A. C. Swinburne. 1. Byron. [Essays and Studies. 1876.] 2. Wordsworth and Byron. [Miscellanies. 1886.] Matthew Arnold. Byron. 1881. [Essays in Criti- cism. Second Series.] (Same essay prefixed to his volume of Selections from Byron.) Andrew Lang. To Byron. [Letters to Dead Authors. 1886.] Roden Noel. Lord Byron and His Times. [Essays on Poetry and Poets. 1886.] W. J. Dawson. Lord Byron. [Makers of Modern English. 189 1.] W. P. Trent. The Byron Revival. [The Authority of Criticism, and other essays. 1900.] G. E. Woodberry. The Byron Centenary. [Makers of Literature. 1900.] 84 ENGLISH LITERATURE SHELLEY i. Biographical A. Recent Works William Sharp. Life. 1887. [Great Writers Series.] (Best short sketch.) Edward Dow den. Life. 2 vols. 1887. (The best authority ; will probably be the standard life.) D. F. MacCarthy. Shelley's Early Life. 1872. G. B. Smith. Shelley: A Critical Biography. 1877. / A. Symonds. Shelley. 1879. [English Men of Letters Series.] W. M. Rossetti. Memoir of Shelley. (Prefixed to Rossetti's edition of the Poems. 1881. A careful and well-written memoir.) / C. Jeaffreson. The Real Shelley. 1885. Helen Moore. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. 1886. F. .Rabbe. Shelley: The Man and the Poet. 1888. B. Contemporary or Early Works Leigh Hunt. Lord Byron and His Contemporaries. 1828. T. Medwin. The Shelley Papers. 1833. Thomas De Quincey. Notes on Shelley. 1846. [Works, Masson's edition, Vol. XL] T. J. Hogg. Life of Shelley, Vols. I, II. 1858. (No more published.) E. J. Trelawney. Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author. 1858. Mary W. S/ielley. Shelley Memorials from Authen- tic Sources. 1859. COURSE IV 85 2. Personal and Literary Criticism E. P. Whipple. Shelley. [Essays and Reviews, Vol. I. 1848.] Walter Bagehot. Shelley. 1856. [Literary Studies, Vol. I.] David Masson. Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats. 1874. A. C. Swinburne. Notes on the Text of Shelley. [Essays and Studies. 1876.] R. H. Hutton. Shelley's Poetical Mysticism. [Essays, Theological and Literary, Vol. II. Second edi- tion. 1877.] /. C. Shairp. Shelley as a Lyric Poet. [Aspects of Poetry. 1882.] C. F. Johnson. Shelley. [Three Americans and Three Englishmen. 1886.] Andrew Lang. To Shelley. [Letters to Dead Authors. 1886.] Roden Noel. Shelley. [Essays on Poetry and Poets. 1886.] Edward Dowden. 1. Shelley's Philosophical View of Reform. 2. Last Words on Shelley. [Transcripts and Studies. 1888.] Matthew Ar?wld. Shelley. [Essays in Criticism. Second Series. 1888.] G. E. Woodberry. 1 . Remarks on Shelley. [Studies in Letters and Life. 1890. Reprinted in Makers of Literature. 1900.] 2. Shelley's Poetry; Shelley's Work. [Makers of Literature. 1900.] 86 ENGLISH LITERATURE W.J. Dawson. Shelley. [Makers of Modern Lit- erature. 1 89 1.] W. P. Trent. Apropos of Shelley. [The Authority of Criticism, and other essays. 1900.] Richard Garnett. Shelley and Lord Beaconsfield ; Shelley's Views on Art. [Essays of an Ex- Librarian. 1 90 1.] Stopford Brooke. Address to the Shelley Society ; The Lyrics of Shelley ; Epipsychidion. [Studies in Poetry. 1907.] KEATS 1. Biographical Sidney Colvin. Life. 1887. [English Men of Letters Series.] (The best life.) W. M. Rossetti. Life. 1887. [Great Writers Series.] R. Monckton Milnes, Lord Houghton. Life and Let- ters. Second edition. 1867. (This was the first extended biography, and is still of interest, though later study of the poet's life has corrected some of its statements.) H. B. Forman. Love Letters of Keats to Fanny Brawne. 1878. Sidney Colvin. Letters of John Keats to his Family and Friends. Edited by Sidney Colvin. 1891. Albert E. Hancock. John Keats : A Literary Biog- raphy. 1908. COURSE IV 87 2. Critical David Masson. Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats. 1874. / R. Lowell. Keats. [Among My Books. Second Series. 1876.] W. T. Arnold. The Poetical Style of Keats. [Intro- duction to Arnold's edition of the Poems. 1884.] Roden Noel. Keats. [Essays on Poetry and Poets. 1886.] A. C. Swinburne. Keats. [Miscellanies. 1886.] Matthew Arnold. Keats. [Essays in Criticism. Second Series. 1888.] * G. E. Woodberry. On the Promise of Keats. [Studies in Letters and Life. 1890.] Hamilton Mabie. John Keats, Poet and Man. [Essays in Literary Interpretation. 1892.] W. Watson. Keats and Mr. Colvin. [Excursions in Criticism. 1893.] Bradfoi'd Torrey. A Relish of Keats. [Friends on the Shelf. 1906.] Paul Elmer More. Keats. [Shelburne Essays. Fourth Series. 1906.] Stopford Brooke. Keats. [Studies in Poetry. 1907.] A. C. Bradley. Keats. [Oxford Lectures on Poetry. 1909.] 88 ENGLISH LITERATURE HAZLITT Augustine Birrell. William Hazlitt. [English Men of Letters Series. 1902.] (Best brief life.) W. C. Hazlitt. Memoir of William Hazlitt. 2 vols. 1867. (This is perhaps the standard biography ; but it is not well written, and shows neither accuracy nor good taste.) Thomas De Quincey. William Hazlitt. [Notes on Gillfillan's Literary Portraits. 1846. Works, Massons edition, Vol. XL] P. G. Patmore. My Friends and Acquaintance. 3 vols. 1854. B. W. Procter. An Autobiographic Fragment, and Biographica! Notes. 1877. Leslie Stephen. William Hazlitt. [Hours in a Library. Third Series. 188 1.] A. Ireland. Memoir Biographical and Critical. [In- troduction to William Hazlitt, Essayist and Critic. A Volume of Selections. 1889.] G. Saintsbury. Hazlitt. [Essays in English Litera- ture, 1 780-1860, Vol. I. 189 1.] A. Birrell. Hazlitt. [Res Judicatae. 1892.] W. E. Henley. (Introduction to his Collected Edition of the Works of Hazlitt. 1902.) Bradford Torrey. William Hazlitt. [Friends on the Shelf. 1906.] C. T. Winchester. William Hazlitt. [A Group of English Essayists. 191 o.] COURSE IV 89 SCOTT 1. Biographical R. H. Hutton. Life. [English Men of Letters Series.] Andrew Lang. Walter Scott. [Literary Lives Series. 1906.] J. G. Lockhart. Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott. 7 vols- 1837-1838. (The standard life. Reprinted in many editions.) Journal of Sir Walter Scott, from the Original Manu- script at Abbotsford, November, 1825, to April, 1832. 2 vols. 1890. 2. Critical William Hazlitt. Sir Walter Scott. [Spirit of the Age. 1825.] Francis Jeffrey. Lay of the Last Minstrel ; The Waverley Novels. [Contributions to the Edin- burgh Review. 1853.] Thomas Carlyle. Sir Walter Scott. 1838. [Mis- cellaneous Essays, Vol. IV.] Walter Bagehot. The Waverley Novels. 1858. [Literary Studies, Vol. II.] David Masson. British Novelists and Their Styles. 1859. Leslie Stephen. Some Words about Sir Walter Scott. [Hours in a Library. First Series. 1-874.] J. C. Sfiairp. The Homeric Spirit in Walter Scott. [Aspects of Poetry. 1882.] Andrew Lang. To Sir Walter Scott. [Letters to Dead Authors. 1886.] 90 ENGLISH LITERATURE Henry D. Sedgwick. Lockhart's Life of Scott. [Essays on Great Writers. 1903.] Stopford Brooke. Sir Walter Scott. [Studies in Poetry. 1907.] G. K. Chesterton. The Position of Walter Scott. [Varied Types. 1909.] LANDOR Sidney Colvin. Landor. 1881. [English Men of Letters Series.] John Forster. Walter Savage Landor : A Biography. 2 vols. 1869. Second edition, abridged, 1876. (The standard life.) Thomas De Quincey. Notes on Landor. 1847. [Works, Masson's edition, Vol. XL] Edward Doiuden. Walter Savage Landor. [Studies in Literature, 1 789-1877. 1878.] Leslie Stephen. Landor's Imaginary Conversations. [Hours in a Library. Second Series. 1879.] A. C. Swinburne. Landor. [Miscellanies. 1886.] / R. Lowell. Some Letters of Walter Savage Landor. [Last Literary Essays. 1888.] G. E. Woodberry. Landor. [Studies in Letters and Life. 1890.] W. B. S. Clytner. Introduction to Selections from Landor. 1898. [Athenaeum Press Series.] JANE AUSTEN Goldwin Smith. Life. 1890. [Great Writers Series.] / E. A. Leigh. Memoirs of Jane Austen, by Her Nephew. Second edition. 187 1. COURSE IV 91 Sarah Tytler (pseudonym for Henrietta E. Keddie). Jane Austen and Her Works. 1880. Anne I. Thackeray {Mrs. Ritchie). A Book of Sibyls. 1883. Andrew Lang. To Jane Austen. [Letters to Dead Authors. 1886.] W. H. Pollock. Jane Austen : Her Contemporaries and Herself. 1899. 92 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 93 94 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 95 96 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 97 COURSE V CARLYLE • RUSKIN ■ ARNOLD ■ BROWNING ■ TENNYSON Thomas Carlyle. 1795-1881. Sartor Resartus, Book II; Book III, Chapter VIII. Essay on Burns. John Ruskin. 18 19-1900. Stones of Venice, Vol. I, Chapter IV (Vol. II, Chapter IV in original edition), sections 1-22 ; St. Mark's. Sesame and Lilies. Crown of Wild Olive, Introduction and Lectures I and II. [Work and Traffic] Matthew Arnold. 182 2-1 888. Definition of Culture. [Culture and Anarchy, Chapter I.] Poems : Dover Beach. The Future. The Youth of Man. A Summer Night. Bacchanalia ; or, The New Age. Thyrsis. Rugby Chapel. A Southern Night. Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse. Obermann Once More. 98 COURSE V 99 Robert Browning. 1812-1889. How they brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix. Love among the Ruins. A Toccata of Galuppi's. Saul. My Last Duchess. The Last Ride Together. " Childe Roland to the Dark Tower came." An Epistle of Karshish. Andrea del Sarto. One Word More. Confessions. Youth and Art. Abt Vogler. Rabbi Ben Ezra. Prospice. Alfred Tennyson. 1809-1892. Mariana. The Palace of Art. The Lotos-Eaters. Dora. " You ask me, why, tho' ill at ease." The Gardener's Daughter. Ulysses. Locksley Hall. In Memoriam : The Proem, and sections 1, 9-1 1, 3°-35> 54-57. 8 5> 93~9 6 > I2 °> I2 4, W- Idylls of the King : The Passing of Arthur. Locksley Hall Sixty Years After. Merlin and the Gleam. Crossing the Bar. IOO ENGLISH LITERATURE Passages to be memorized Carlyle. Sartor Resartus, Book III, Chapter VIII, last two paragraphs. Ruskin. Sesame and Lilies, II. [Of Queens' Gardens], last paragraph. Arnold. The Future, last two stanzas. Thyrsis, stanzas 14, 15, 21. Browning. Saul, section 18, beginning, M See the King ! I would help him, but cannot," to end of the section. Abt Vogler, stanzas 9, 10. Rabbi Ben Ezra, stanzas 1, 6, 27. Tennyson. In Memoriam : Proem, stanzas 5, 6 ; sec- tion 54; section 96, stanzas 1-3. The Passing of Arthur, paragraph beginning, w Last, as by some one deathbed after wail," and para- graph beginning, " And slowly answered Arthur from the barge." Crossing the Bar. COURSE V lOt NOTES I. EDITIONS RECOMMENDED Carlyle. i. Sartor Resartus. Edited by Archibald MacMechan. [Athenaeum Press Series.] 2. Works, with Introductions by H. D. Traill. 30 vols. [Centenary Edition.] [Sartor Resar- tus, 1 vol. ; Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, 5 vols., of which Vol. I contains the essay on Burns.] (The latest and best edition; the different works may be had separately.) 3. Works. 37 vols., or bound in 18. [People's Edition.] [Sartor Resartus, 1 vol. ; Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, 7 vols.] (This is a convenient and cheap edition ; the different works may be had separately.) Ruskin. Works, with Introductions by Charles Eliot Norton. 20 vols. [Brantwood Edition.] (This edition contains Ruskin's most important works in the final, revised form which Ruskin himself preferred. The early works are much abridged. The Modern Painters, in particular, has suffered ruthless excision, all the descriptive portions having been cut away, and only the theoretical portion — Part III or Vol. II of the original edition — retained. Most readers, there- fore, will prefer to read this book either in an early edition or in some later edition that reproduces the early text. The Brantwood I02 EtfGLTSH LITERATURE Edition, moreover, though it contains all the works assigned in the above list, does not in- clude the Fors Clavigera, the Praeterita, and several other minor works. The only complete and uniform edition of Ruskin's works is the superb Library Edition, 1903- , of which 37 vols, have thus far (191 1) been issued.) Arnold. 1. Complete Poetical Works. [Macmillan's American one-volume edition.] 2 . Collected Edition of Works in Prose and Verse. 14 vols. [Culture and Anarchy, Vol. III.] Browning. 1 . Complete Poetical Works. [Cambridge Edition.] 2. Poetical and Dramatic Works. [Riverside Edition. 6 vols.] 3. Complete Works. [Macmillan Edition. 9 vols.] Tennyson. 1 . Complete Poetical Works. [Macmillan's one-volume edition.] 2. Complete Works. Edited by W. J. Rolfe. [Cam- bridge Edition.] 3. Complete Works. Edited by his Son. [Standard Edition. 6 vols.] II. ADDITIONAL READING 1. From Authors already mentioned Carlyle. Sartor Resartus, entire. Essays : Characteristics, Johnson, Voltaire, On the Study of History. The French Revolution. COURSE V 103 On Heroes and Hero-Worship : The Hero as Prophet — Mahomet ; as Priest — Luther, Knox ; as King — Cromwell. Past and Present. Shooting Niagara — and After. Ruskin. Modern Painters, Part III : Of Ideas of Beauty. Part IV, Chapter XVII : The Moral of Landscape. Part V, Chapters XIX, XX : The Mountain Gloom, The Mountain Glory. Part VI, Chapters VIII, IX, X : Leaf Monu- ments, Leaf Shadows, Leaves Motionless. Crown of Wild Olive, entire. Munera Pulveris. Lectures on Art. Fors Clavigera, Letters I, V, VIII, IX. Arnold. 1. Poems: Resignation. The Sick King in Bokhara. To Margaret, " Yes, in the sea of life enisled." Philomela. Epilogue to Lessing's Laocoon. The Buried Life. The Scholar-Gipsy. Memorial Verses. Heine's Grave. 2. Prose: Culture and Anarchy, entire. Essays: Equality, Falkland [Mixed Essays]; The Function of Criticism [Essays in Criti- cism, First Series]; The Study of Poetry, Wordsworth [Essays in Criticism, Second Series]; Literature and Science, Emerson [Discourses in America]. 104 ENGLISH LITERATURE Browning. Dramas : Pippa Passes! The Blot in the 'Scutcheon. Colombe's Birthday. A Soul's Tragedy. Dramatic Monologues, Narrative Poems, Lyrics Fra Lippo Lippi. Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister. By the Fireside. Dis Aliter Visum. Two in the Campagna. Evelyn Hope. The Bishop orders his Tomb at St. Praxed's. Bishop Blougram's Apology. James Lee's Wife. Cleon. A Death in the Desert. The Statue and the Bust. The Grammarian's Funeral. The Flight of the Duchess. Herve Riel. Pheidippides. May and Death. One Way of Love. At the Mermaid. The Wall (Prologue to Pacchiarotto). Never the Time and the Place. Summum Bonum. Epilogue to Asolando. Tennyson. A Dream of Fair Women. The Miller's Daughter. M Break, break, break." COURSE V 105 The Vision of Sin. The Princess. Maud. In Memoriam, entire. Ode on the Death of Wellington. Idylls of the King : The Coming of Arthur, Lance- lot and Elaine, The Holy Grail, Guinevere. The Northern Farmer. The Northern Farmer, new style. Rizpah. " Low, my lute ! " (Song in Queen Mary.) Wages. The Ancient Sage. The Higher Pantheism. The Making of Man. 2. From Contemporary Authors Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 18 09-1861. Rhyme of the Duchess May. Lady Geraldine's Courtship. The Cry of the Children. The Cry of the Human. Casa Guidi Windows. Poems to Robert Browning : Life and Love. A Denial. Proof and Disproof. Question and Answer. Inclusion. Insufficiency. Sonnets from the Portuguese. 106 ENGLISH LITERATURE Arthur Hugh Clough. 1819-1861.. Qua Cursum Ventus. The New Sinai. Qui laborat, orat. " It fortifies my soul to know." " Through a glass darkly." Easter Day. Dipsychus. The Questioning Spirits. Bethesda. The New Decalogue. The Stream of Life. The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich. " Say not the struggle nought availeth." Da nte Gabriel Rossetti. 1828-1882. The White Ship. The King's Tragedy. My Sister's Sleep. The Blessed Damozel. The Portrait. Ave. Eden Bower. William Morris. 1834-1896. The Defence of Guinevere. The Haystack in the Floods. Summer Dawn. From the Earthly Paradise : The Apology, The Man Born to be King, The Watching of the Falcon, The Land East of the Sun and West of the Moon, The Ring given to Venus, The Hill of Venus. COURSE V I07 L'Envoi. The Half of Life Gone. The Day is Dawning. All for the Cause. Thomas Babington Macaulay. 1 800-1859- Essays : Lord Byron. Samuel Johnson. Sir William Temple. Lord Clive. Joseph Addison. Life of William Pitt (the younger). John Hew y Newman. 1801-1890. From Plain and Parochial Sermons : A Record of Human Sorrow. [Vol. I.] The Mind of Little Children. [Vol. I.] The Danger of Accomplishments. [Vol. II.] Tears of Christ at the Grave of Lazarus. [Vol. III.] The Invisible World. [Vol. IV.] The Greatness and Littleness of Human Life. [Vol. IV.] Unreal Words. [Vol. V.] The Lapse of Time. [Vol. VII.] The Season of Epiphany. [Vol. VII.] The Vanity of Human Glory. [Vol. VIII.] . From Oxford University Sermons : The Theory of Developments in Religious Doctrines. From Sermons on Subjects of the Day : The Parting of Friends. 108 ENGLISH LITERATURE III. SELECT WORKS OF REFERENCE GENERAL LITERARY HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS Edward Dowden. i. The Transcendental Move- ment in Literature : the Scientific Movement in Literature. [Studies in Literature, 1789-1877. .878.] 2. Victorian Literature. [Transcripts and Studies. 1888.] Alfred Austin. The Poetry of the Period. 1870. Justin McCarthy. History of Our Own Time. Chapters XXIX, LXVII. 1880. Frederic Harrison. A Few Words about the Nine- teenth Century. 1882. [The Choice of Books, and other essays.] E. C. Stedman. Victorian Poets. Revised edition. 1887. / A. Symonds. A Comparison of Elizabethan and Victorian Literature. [Essays Speculative and Suggestive, Vol. II. 1890.] Mis. [M. O.] Oliphant. The Victorian Age of Eng- lish Literature. 2 vols. 1892. J. W. Hales. Victorian Literature. [Folia Literaria. 1893.] Frederic Harrison. Characteristics of Victorian Lit- erature. [Early Victorian Literature. 1896.] G. Saintsbury. 1. History of Nineteenth Century Literature, 1 780-1895. 1896. 2. Corrected Impressions. Essays on Victorian Writers. 1895. COURSE V 109 Vida D. Scudder. The Life of the Spirit in Modern English Poets. 1896. Hugh Walker. The Age of Tennyson. 1896. [Handbooks of English Literature.] William M. Payne. The Greater English Poets of the Nineteenth Century. 1907. CARLYLE 1. Biographical Richard Garnett. Life. 1887. [Great Writers Series.] (The best brief sketch.) John Nichol. Thomas Carlyle. 1892. [English Men of Letters Series.] Thomas Carlyle. 1. Reminiscences. Edited by Charles Eliot Norton. 1887. 2. Early Letters, 181 4- 1826. Edited by Charles Eliot Norton. 1886. 3. Letters, 1 826-1 836. Edited by Charles Eliot Norton. 1889. 4. Correspondence of Carlyle and Emerson. Edited by Charles Eliot Norton. 2 vols. 1883. 5. Correspondence between Goethe and Carlyle. Edited by Charles Eliot Norton. 1887. 6. Letters of Carlyle to His Youngest Sister. Edited by Charles Townsend Copeland. 1899. Jane Welsh Carlyle. 1. Letters and Memorials of. Edited by J. A. Froude. 2 vols. 1883. 2. Early Letters of Jane Welsh Carlyle. Edited by David G. Ritchie. 1889. HO ENGLISH LITERATURE 3. New Letters and Memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle. Annotated by Thomas Carlyle and edited by Alexander Carlyle. 2 vols. 1903. 4. The Love Letters of Thomas Carlyle and Jane Welsh. Edited by Alexander Carlyle. 2 vols. 1909. J. A. Froude. 1. Thomas Carlyle : A History of the First Forty Years of His Life. 2 vols. 1882. 2. Thomas Carlyle: A History of His Life in London, 183 4-1 881. 2 vols. 1884. Mrs. Alexander Ireland. Life of Jane Welsh Carlyle. 1891. F. Espinasse. Literary Recollections, including the Carlyles and a Segment of Their Circle. 1893. D. Wilson. Mr. Froude and Carlyle. 1898. 2. Personal and Literary Criticism Joseph Mazzini. On the Genius and Tendency of the Writings of Carlyle. 1844. [Writings, Vol. IV, or, Essays, " Camelot Series."] James Martineau. Personal Influences on Our Present Theology. 1856. [Essays, Philosophical and Theological, Vol. L] A. H. Japp. Three Great Teachers of Our Own Time — Carlyle, Tennyson, Ruskin. 1865. John Morley. Carlyle. 1870. [Miscellanies, Vol. I.] J.F.Lowell. Carlyle. [My Study Windows. 187 1.] William Minto. Carlyle. [Manual of English Prose - ' Writers. 1872.] (A detailed examination of Carlyle's style.) COURSE V III Peter Bayne. Lessons from My Masters — Carlyle, Tennyson, and Ruskin. 1879. Edwin D. Mead. The Philosophy of Carlyle. 1881. J. C. Shairp. Prose Poets — Carlyle. [Some Aspects of Poetry. 1882.] John Tulloch. Thomas Carlyle as a Religious Teacher. [Movements of Religious Thought in Britain. 1885.] David Masson. Carlyle, Personally and in His Writings. 1885. Frederic Harrison. Froude's Life of Carlyle. 1885. [The Choice of Books, and other essays.] A. Birrell. Carlyle. [Obiter Dicta, Vol. I. 1885.] John Burroughs. 1 . In Carlyle's Country : A Sunday in Cheyne Row. [Fresh Fields. 1885.] 2. Emerson and Carlyle. [Indoor Studies. 1889.] K. H. Hutton. Thomas Carlyle. [Modern Guides of English Thought in Matters of Faith. 1887.] Matthew Arnold. Emerson. [Addresses in America. 1889.] (Contains an estimate of Carlyle.) Ewald Flilgel. The Moral and Religious Develop- ment of Thomas Carlyle. Translated by Miss J. G. Tyler. 1891. E. Scherer. Thomas Carlyle. [Essays on English Literature. Translated by George Saintsbury. 1891] Frederic Harrison. Thomas Carlyle. [Early Vic- torian Writers. 1895.] G. Saintsbury. Thomas Carlyle. [Corrected Im- pressions. 1895.] 112 ENGLISH LITERATURE W. C. Brownell. Carlyle. [Victorian Prose Mas- ters. 1 90 1.] Paul Elmer More. The Spirit of Carlyle. [Shel- burne Essays, First Series. 1905.] G. K. Chesterton. Thomas Carlyle. [Varied Types. 1909.] Frederic W. Roe. Carlyle as a Critic of Literature. 1910. RUSKIN 1. Biographical Frederic Harrison. John Ruskin. [English Men of Letters S eries . 1902.] ( Best brief biography . ) /. Ruskin. Praeterita: Scenes of My Past Life. 1886-1888. (Ruskin finally gave up the Prae- terita in June, 1889, with the fourth chapter of the third volume. He had carried the story of his life only down to about 1865.) W. G. Collingwood. The Life and Work of John Ruskin. 2 vols. 1893. (This, though not quite satisfactory, is the best life thus far written.) Mrs. A. T. Ritchie. Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, Browning. 1891. M. H. Spielman. John Ruskin. A Sketch of His Life, Works, Opinions. 1900. (A hasty but sympathetic sketch published shortly after Ruskin's death.) Ada Earland. Ruskin and His Circle. 1909. Arthur C. Benson. John Ruskin. A Study in Personality. 1 9 1 1 . COURSE V 113 2. Critical A. H.Japp. Three Great Teachers of Our Time — Carlyle, Tennyson, Ruskin. 1865. Peter Bayne. Lessons from My Masters — Carlyle, Tennyson, and Ruskin. 1879. Patrick Geddes. John Ruskin, Economist. [The Round Table Series. Edited by H. B. Baildon. 1887.] Vida D. Scudder. Introduction to the Writings of John Ruskin. 1890. /. M. Mather. John Ruskin : His Life and Teaching. Fourth edition. 1892. Charles Waldstein. The Work of John Ruskin. Its Influence upon Modern Thought and Life. 1893. /. A. Hobson. John Ruskin, Social Reformer. 1898. (Best exposition of Ruskin 's social and economic teaching.) G. Saint sbury. Ruskin. [Corrected Impressions. i8 9 5-] W. J. Stillman. John Ruskin. [The Old Rome and the New, and other studies. .1898.] R. De La Sizeranne. Ruskin and the Religion of Beauty. Translated by the Countess of Gal- loway. 1899. Frederic Harrison. 1. Ruskin as Master of Prose. 2. Ruskin as Prophet. 3. Ruskin's Eightieth Birthday. [Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill, and other essays. 1900.] 114 ENGLISH LITERATURE Mrs. [Alice] Meynell. John Ruskin. 1900. [Modern English Writers.] W. C. Brownell. Ruskin. [Victorian Prose Masters. 1901.] Leslie Stephen. John Ruskin. [Studies of a Biog- rapher. Vol. III. 1902.] ARNOLD 1. Biographical Frederic Harrison. Matthew Arnold. [English Men of Letters Series. 1902.] (Best brief biography.) G. W. E. Russell. Matthew Arnold. 1904. Matthew Arnold. Letters, 1848- 1888. Collected and arranged by W. E. Russell. 2 vols. 1895. G. Saintsbury. Matthew Arnold. 1899. (Rather a critical estimate than a biography, and shows at many points more assurance than sympathy.) 2. Critical Arthur Hugh Clough. Review of Some Poems by Mr. Arnold. 1853. [Prose Remains.] A. C. Swinburne. Matthew Arnold : New Poems. [Essays and Studies. 1876.] R. H Hutton. 1. The Poetry of Matthew Arnold. [Essays, Theological and Literary, Vol. II. Second edition. 1877.] 2. Matthew Arnold. [Modern Guides of English Thought in Matters of Faith. 1887.] Frederic Harrison. Culture : A Dialogue. [The Choice of Books, and other essays.] COURSE V 115 John Burroughs. Matthew Arnold's Criticism: Ar- nold's View of Emerson and Carlyle. [Indoor Studies. 1887.] Joseph Jacobs. George Eliot, Matthew Arnold, Browning, Newman. 1891. A. Birrell. Matthew Arnold. [Res Judicatae. 1892.] G. Saintsbury. Matthew Arnold. [Corrected Im- pressions. 1895.] Leslie Stephen. Matthew Arnold. [Studies of a Biog- rapher. Vol. II. 1899.] Lewis E. Gates. Matthew Arnold. [Three Studies in Literature. 1899.] G. E. Woodberry. Matthew Arnold. [Makers of Literature. 1900.] Frederic Harrison. Matthew Arnold. [Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill, and other essays. 1900.] W. C. Brownell. Matthew Arnold. [Victorian Prose Masters. 1901.] Richard Garnett. Matthew Arnold. [Essays of an Ex-Librarian. 1 9 o 1 .] William H. Dawson. Matthew Arnold and His Re- lation to the Thought of Our Time. 1904. Stopford A. Brooke. Matthew Arnold. [Four Vic- torian Poets. 1908.] BROWNING 1. Biographical and Bibliographical Edward Dow den. Robert Browning. [Temple Biog- raphies.] (Best brief life.) William S/tarp. Life. [Great Writers Series. 1890.] Il6 ENGLISH LITERATURE Mrs. Sutherland Orr. Life and Letters. 2 vols. 1891. Robert Browning. The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett. 2 vols. 1899. Edward Dowden. Robert Browning. 1904. Mrs. A. T. Ritchie. Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, Browning. 1892. Elisabeth L. Carey. Browning, Poet and Man. 1899. G. K. Chesterton. Robert Browning. [English Men of Letters Series. 1903.] W. Hall Griffin and H. C. Minchin. The Life of Robert Browning, with Notices of His Writings, His Family, and His Friends. 19 10. Mrs. Sutherland Orr. A Hand- Book to the Works of Robert Browning. Third edition. 1887. G. W. Cooke. A Guide-Book to the Works of Robert Browning. 1891. 2. Critical Walter Bagehot. Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Browning; or, Pure, Ornate, and Grotesque Art in English Poetry. 1864. [Literary Studies, Vol. II.] R. II Hutton. Browning. [Essays, Theological and Literary, Vol. II. Second edition. 1877.] Edward Dowden. 1. Mr. Tennyson and Mr. Browning. [Studies in Literature, 1 789-1877. • 1878.] 2. Mr. Browning's Sordello. [Transcripts and Studies. 1888.] COURSE V 117 A. Birrell. On the Alleged Obscurity of Mr. Browning's Poetry. [Obiter Dicta. First Series. 1884.] Hiram Corson. An Introduction to the Study of Browning's Poetry. 1886. Roden Noel. Robert Browning. [Essays on Poetry and Poets. 1886.] Arthur Symons. An Introduction to the Study of Browning. Second edition. 1887. James Fotheringham. Studies in the Poetry of Robert Browning. Second edition. 1888. IV. J. Alexander. An Introduction to the Poetry of Robert Browning. 1889. Edward Berdoe. Browning's Message to His Time. 1890. /. J. Nettleship. Essays on Robert Browning's Poetry. New edition. 1890. G. E. Woodberry. On Browning's Death. [Studies in Letters and Life. 1890.] Joseph Jacobs. George Eliot, Matthew Arnold, Browning, Newman. 189 1. Henry Jones. Browning as a Philosophical and Religious Teacher. 1891. W. J. Dawson. Robert Browning. [Makers of Modern English. 1891.] Hamilton Mabie. Robert Browning. [Essays in Literary Interpretation. 1892.] Edward Berdoe. Browning Studies. Papers by Members of the Browning Society. Edited by Edward Berdoe. 1895. Ii8 ENGLISH LITERATURE G. Saintsbury. Browning. [Corrected Impressions. i8 9 5-] Vida D. Scudder. Browning as Humorist. [The Life of the Spirit in Modern English Poets. 1896.] / / Chapman. Robert Browning. [Emerson and other Essays. 1898.] Stopford A. Brooke. The Poetry of Browning. 1902. Leslie Stephen. The Browning Letters. [Studies of a Biographer. Vol. III. 1902.] Frank C. Lockwood. Modern Poets and Christian Teaching. Robert Browning. 1906. William R. Inge. The Mysticism of Browning. [Studies of English Mystics. 1906.] TENNYSON 1. Biographical Alfred Lyall. Tennyson. [English Men of Letters Series. 1902.] Hallam Tennyson. Alfred, Lord Tennyson. A Memoir by His Son. 2 vols. 1897. (The standard life, and so excellent that it can hardly be replaced by any other.) W. E. Wace. Alfred Tennyson : His Life and Works. 1 88 1. Mrs. Anne Thackeray Ritchie. Alfred Tennyson. 1883. (Prefixed to Harper's edition of his works, and reprinted in Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, Browning. COURSE V 119 H. J. Jennings. Lord Tennyson. A Biographical Sketch. 1884. Arthur* Waugh. Alfred, Lord Tennyson. A Study of Kis Life and Work. 1892. Elisabeth L. Carey. Tennyson : His Homes, His Friends, His Work. 1898. H. D. Rawnsley. Memories of the Tennysons. 1900. Agnes G. Weld. (A niece of the poet.) Glimpses of Tennyson. 1903. 2. Critical Charles Kingsley. Tennyson. 1850. [Works, Vol. XX.] George Brimley. Tennyson's Poems. 1855. [Essays.] Walter Bagehot. Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Browning; or, Pure, Ornate, and Grotesque Art in English Poetry. 1864. [Literary Studies, Vol. II.] R. H. Hutton. Tennyson. [Essays, Theological and Literary, Vol. II. 1877.] Edward Dowden. Mr. Tennyson and Mr. Browning. [Studies in Literature, 1 789-1877. 1878.] Peter Bayne. Lessons from My Masters — Carlyle, Tennyson, Ruskin. 1879. W. E. Gladstone. Tennyson. [Gleanings of Past Years. 1879.] J. F. Ge?iu?ig. Tennyson's In Memoriam : Its Pur- pose and Structure. 1884. 120 ENGLISH LITERATURE G. W. Cooke. Tennyson. [Poets and Problems. 1886.] Roden Noel. Tennyson. [Essays on Poetry and Poets. 1886.] A. C. Swifiburne. Tennyson and Musset. [Mis- cellanies. 1886.] J. M. Robertson. The Art of Tennyson. [Essays toward a Critical Method. 1889.] Henry Van Dyke. The Poetry of Tennyson. Re- vised edition. 1891. W. J. Dawson. Tennyson. [Makers of Modern English. 189 1.] J. C. Walters. Tennyson, Poet, Philosopher, Idealist. 1893. M. 'IV. Maecallum. Tennyson's Idylls of the King and Arthurian Story. 1894. Stopford A. Brooke. Tennyson : His Art and Rela- tion to Modern Life. 1894. (The ablest study of the work of Tennyson that has yet appeared.) G. Saintsbury. Tennyson. [Corrected Impressions. 1895-] Leslie Stephen. The Life of Tennyson. [Studies of a Biographer. Vol. II. 1899.] W. P. Trent. Tennyson and Musset once more. [The Authority of Criticism, and other essays. 1899.] Frederic Harrison. Tennyson. [Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill. 1900.] COURSE V 121 E. H. Sneath. The Mind of Tennyson. His Thoughts on God, Freedom, Immortality. 1900. Herbert Paul. The Classical Poems of Tennyson. [Men and Letters. 1901.] MRS. BROWNING / H. Ingram. Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 1888. [Famous* Women Series.] Mrs. Sutherland Orr. Life of Robert Browning. 1 89 1. (Mentioned above. Contains much information with reference to the later years of Mrs. Browning.) F. G. Kenyon. The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Edited, with biographical additions, by Frederic G. Kenyon. 2 vols. 1897. CLOUGH 1. Biographical \F. T. Palgrave ?] Memoir. Prefixed to the Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough. Edited by His Wife. 1888. (Most trustworthy sketch of his life.) S. Waddington. Arthur Hugh Clough : A Mono- graph. 1883. / C. Shairp. Arthur Hugh Clough. [Portraits of Friends. 1889.] (Mostly included in the Memoir mentioned above.) 122 ENGLISH LITERATURE 2. 'Critical Walter Bagehot. Mr. Clough's Poems. 1862. [Literary Studies, Vol. II.] R. H. Hutton. Arthur Hugh Clough. [Essays, Theological and Literary, Vol. II. Second edition. 1877.] ROSSETTI 1. Biographical Arthur C. Benson. Rossetti. [English Men of Letters Series. 1904.] (Best brief life.) Joseph Knight. Life. [Great Writers Series. 1887.] William Sharp. Dante Gabriel Rossetti. A Record and a Study. 1882. T. Hall Caine. Recollections of Rossetti. 1898. W. M. Rossetti. 1. Dante Gabriel Rossetti. His Family Letters. With Memoir. 2 vols. 1895. 2. Ruskin, Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelitism. Papers, 1854-1861. 1899. 2. Personal and Literary Criticism A. C. Swinburne. Poems of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. [Essays and Studies. 1876.] F. W. H. Myers. Rossetti and the Religion of Beauty. [Essays, Modern. 1885.] Walter Pater. Dante Gabriel Rossetti. [Apprecia- tions. 1889.] Hamilton Mabie. The Poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. [Essays in Literary Interpretation. 1892.] COURSE V 123 Stopford A. Brooke. Dante Gabriel Rossetti. [Four Victorian Poets. 1908.] Esther Wood. Dante Rossetti and the Pre- Raphaelite Movement. 1894. MORRIS J. W. Mackail. The Life of William Morris. 2 vols. 1899. A. C. Swinburne. The Life and Death of Jason. [Essays and Studies. 1876.] G. Saints bury. William Morris. [Corrected Im- pressions. 1895.] Walter Pater. Aesthetic Poetry. [Appreciations. 1889.] Andrew Lang. Mr. Morris's Poems. [Adventures among Books. 1905.] Stopford A. Brooke. William Morris. [Four Vic- torian Poets. 1908.] MACAULAY T. Cotter Morison. Life. 1882. [English Men of Letters Series.] (An excellent short life.) G. O. Trevelyan. Life and Letters. 2 vols. 1876. (The standard life.) Walter Bagehot. Thomas Babington Macaulay. 1856. [Literary Studies, Vol. II.] William Minto. Macaulay's Style. [Manual of English Prose Literature. 1872.] (A detailed study of Macaulay's style.) 124 ENGLISH LITERATURE John Morley. Macaulay. 1877. [Miscellanies, Vol. I.] W. E. Gladstone. Macaulay. [Gleanings of Past Years. 1879.] Frederic Harrison. Lord Macaulay. [Early Vic- torian Writers. 1895.] G. Saintsbury. [Corrected Impressions. 1895.] Henry D. Sedgwick. Macaulay. [Essays on Great Writers. 1903.] NEWMAN William Barry. Cardinal Newman. [Literary Lives Series. 1904.] (Best brief life by a Catholic biographer.) R. H. Hutton. Cardinal Newman. 1891. (Best brief life by a Protestant biographer.) /. H. Newman. Apologia pro Vita Sua. 1864. James Martineau. Personal Influences on Our Present Theology. 1856. [Essays, Philo- sophical and Theological, Vol. I.] W. S. Lilly. Characteristics. 1875. / C. Shairp. Prose Poets — Cardinal Newman. [Aspects of Poetry. 1882.] T. Mozley. Reminiscences of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement. 2 vols. 1882. /. A. Froude. 1 . Father Newman on the Grammar of Assent. [Short Studies on Great Subjects. Second Series. 1872.] 2. The Oxford Counter-Reformation. [Short Studies on Great Subjects. Fourth Series. 1883.] COURSE V 125 John Tulloch. The Oxford or Anglo-Catholic Movement. [Movements of Religious Thought in Britain during the Nineteenth Century. 1885.] R. H. Hutton. Cardinal Newman. [Modern Guides of English Thought in Matters of Faith. 1887.] Wilfrid Ward. William George Ward and the Oxford Movement. 1889. R. W Church. The Oxford Movement, 1837-1845. 1890. Joseph Jacobs. George Eliot, Matthew Arnold, Browning, Newman. 189 1. Lewis E. Gates. Newman as a Prose Writer. [Three Studies in Literature. 1899.] 126 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 12] 128 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 1 29 130 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES I SI TEST QUESTIONS The following questions are taken from examination papers set at various times to college classes. They cover but a part of the reading assigned in the shorter courses ; and they are intended only to suggest to the reader sev- eral kinds of questions by which he may test his under- standing of what he has read, his memory of it, or his appreciation of it. They presuppose on the part of the student an intelligent and thoughtful reading of the works assigned, rather than any minute or extended study of them. ON COURSE I I. The Drama. i. State briefly the relation of the Mysteries and Moralities to the Early English Drama. 2. The first London theaters, — when and where built? Early stage representation. Results of the lack of scenic appli- ances upon the style of the early dramatists. Reasons of the Puritan opposition to the stage, — how far just ? 3. What is a drama ? What are the unities ? Which did Shake- speare observe ? What is the essential difference between tragedy and comedy ? How does Shakespeare unite tragic and comic elements in the same play ? With good effect, or the opposite ? Cite Milton's opinion upon this point, from the preface to Samson Agonistes. '33 134 ENGLISH LITERATURE II. Marlowe. i. Briefly set down such important facts of his history as are known. 2. Where did he find the legend of Doctor Faustus ? 3. Compare the structure of the play with that of one of Shake- speare's tragedies. 4. What is the ruling motive in the character of Doctor Faustus, and how does the character resemble that of Marlowe himself ? 5. Characterize Marlowe's imagination and cite two passages that well exemplify it. III. Shakespeare — Henry IV. 1. Explain the italicized words and phrases in the following passages : (1) "Ten thousand bold Scots, two-and-twenty knights Balked in their own blood" (I, 1.) (2) "I '11 make one; an I do not, call me villain and baffle me." (I, 2.) (3) " To laugh at gibing boys, and stand the push Of every beardless vain comparative." (Ill, 2.) (4) " I have misused the King's press damnably." (IV, 2.) 2. Hotspur's conspiracy, — the occasion, the persons, its history in outline until its failure. 3. Hotspur's character. Refer to those passages in the play that most clearly illustrate (1) his eagerness and heat of temper; (2) his imagination; (3) his affections; (4) his high sense of honor. 4. Why does Hotspur fail and Prince Hal succeed ? Is not this a violation of our sympathies ? And are there any dramatic ends served by it ? 5. Is the change of character in Prince Hal natural, or is it only a change of conduct ? Paraphrase the explanation or apology he makes to himself (I, 2) for his excesses. Is it sincere ? 6. Falstaff is a glutton, a sensualist, a liar. Why then is he not disgusting, but, on the contrary, interesting ? And if he is interesting, is not the art which makes him so immoral ? TEST QUESTIONS I 35 IV. Shakespeare — Hamlet. 1 . Give from memory an outline of the third act. 2. Locate the following quotations : ( 1 ) " There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy." (2) " The time is out of joint : O cursed spite, That ever I was born to set it right." (3) " That he is mad, 't is true ; 't is true 't is pity, And pity 't is 't is true." (4) " Lay not that flattering unction to your soul." (5) " There 's a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will." 3. Show how the time, place, and circumstances of the opening scene of the play are adapted to put the mind in the right key for what is to follow. 4. How do you account for the marked depression and world- weariness that Hamlet exhibits in his first soliloquy ? (I. 2.) 5. Explain Hamlet's conduct and bearing in the interview with Ophelia, which she recounts to her father. (II, 1.) 6. Give your idea of the character of Polonius, and account for Hamlet's strong aversion to him. 7. Contrast the three young men, — Hamlet, Horatio, Laertes. 8. Comment upon the conduct and language of Hamlet in his interview with Ophelia. (Ill, I.) 9. Do you think Hamlet's alleged reason for not killing the King (III, 3) his real reason, or only a pretext? 10. Your conception of the character of the queen, with the passages that support it. 1 1 . What is the dramatic purpose of the grave-digger's scene ? (V, 1.) Is not the coarse fooling of the clowns out of keep- ing with the tragic dignity of the play ? 12. What, in your opinion, is the weakness at the center of Hamlet's character, from which the tragedy of his life results ? 13. Aristotle says that tragedy purifies the passions by pity or by fear. How is the statement illustrated by this drama ? 136 ENGLISH LITERATURE V. Shakespeare — Antony and Cleopatra. 1. What is a tragedy? And why is the depiction of pain or suffering in literature pleasing ? 2. In a great tragedy the catastrophe must not be ab extra, that is, must not proceed from external circumstance or acci- dental cause, but from the character of the principal per- sons ; show that this is true in the play, pointing out espe- cially the faults in the character of Antony that result in his ruin, and showing where in the play those faults are best seen. 3. On the other hand, can there be tragedy when the central figure is a mere criminal receiving the punishment he de- serves ? What more is required, and what more is there in Antony ? 4. The principal figures in a drama are usually contrasted with each other in order to exhibit each more clearly ; point out some striking contrasts between Antony and Octavius ; between Cleopatra and Octavia. 5. Cleopatra. Is she young ? Beautiful ? In what qualities does her remarkable fascination for Antony seem chiefly to reside ? Does she have any real affection for Antony ? Does Antony ever really trust her? (Cite passages in proof of your opinions on all these points.) 6. Has Enobarbus anything to do with the main action of the play ? If not, why is he introduced at all ? 7. Can you offer any criticism upon the general structure of this play ? 8. This play is sometimes said — for example, by Coleridge — to be in Shakespeare's noblest manner ; cite five passages that seem to you especially noteworthy, specifying what you find in each — pathos, passion, beauty or sublimity of image, music — remarkable. VI. Milton. 1 . Divide Milton's literary life into three periods and name his writings in each period. 2. L'Allegro and II Penseroso. TEST QUESTIONS I 37 (1) How do they reflect Milton's life at the time when they were written ? (2) Which of the two poems do you judge the more con- genial to Milton's temper ? And why ? Name the principal w delights " in this one. (3) In which is Shakespeare referred to, and in what singular terms ? (4) What difference in the metrical effect of the two poems ? 3. The Masque of Comus. (1) What is a masque ? (2) For what occasion was the Comus written ? Where and by whom first enacted ? (3) What is the real theme of Comus ? Cite any pas- sages obviously suggested by the condition of morals and religion at the time. (4) Cite from memory at least three passages of beauti- ful and characteristic imagery, and three passages of remarkable melody. 4. Lycidas. (1) Occasion of it. (2) Quote or describe the passage which refers espe- cially to the M corrupted clergy," and explain how it is connected with the general theme of the poem. 5. Paradise Lost, Book I. . (1) Give in outline the argument of the book. (2) The interest of the first book centers in Satan. How does Milton make a character essentially evil so impressive ? (3) Wherein was the general subject of the Paradise Lost adapted to Milton's type of mind ? And in what re- spects is such a theme incapable of poetic treatment ? 6. Samson Agonistes. (1) Is Samson a real drama ? If not, why not? (2) Do you agree with Milton in his statements — in the Introduction — about the " error of intermixing comic stuff with tragic sadness " ? 138 ENGLISH LITERATURE (3) What facts in the history of Milton give special sig- nificance to the Samson ? Cite any passages which have obvious reference to himself or to his party. How does the poem end ? (4) Point out some striking similarities and some strik- ing differences between the Comus and the Samson. 7. " The Puritan character destroys the artist, stiffens the man. If a Milton springs up among them, it is because Milton . . . passes beyond sectarianism. They could have no poet." — Taine's History of English Literature. M Milton is not only the highest but the completest type of Puritan.''' — Green's History of the English People. Which is right, or nearest right ? And why ? ON COURSE II I. Steele and Addison. 1. Give a brief sketch of Steele's literary career, indicating his relations to Addison. 2. The Tatler. What was it ? How often issued ? Indicate the range of topics it treated and the manner in which they were handled. What qualifications had Steele for success in such an enterprise ? And can you point out anything in the con- dition of society in Queen Anne's time that made such an enterprise successful ? Describe that charming paper in which Steele recounts his visit to an old schoolfellow ; and compare this paper — which is in Steele's best vein — with some of Addison's best work, showing some characteristic differences between the two men in subjects chosen and the temper in which they are treated. 3. The Spectator. How did it differ from the Tatler ? Addison's prose style has been much extolled. What do you under- stand to be its specific merits ? Name some passages that will exemplify these merits. How does his style differ from that of Steele ? from that of Swift ? TEST QUESTIONS 1 39 4. Cite from either the Tatler or the Spectator some passages that may illustrate in a striking way (1) the condition of manners in the Queen Anne time, — social custom, fashion, etc. ; (2) the state of morals and religion ; (3) the taste of the age in art and literature. II. Swift. 1. His life before 17 10. Set down briefly the principal facts with reference to his parentage, university career, rela- tions with Temple, life in Ireland. 2. Name all his principal works in order, stating briefly the occasion and purpose of each. 3. The Tale of a Tub and the Argument against Abolishing Christianity. Name the persons in the Tale of a Tub ; sketch rapidly the story up to the point when Peter turns his brothers out of doors, explaining the satire as you proceed. Outline the entire argument of the paper on Abolishing Christianity. Is there anything in either of these books to cast sus- picion upon the religious sincerity and earnestness of their author ? The Tale of a Tub is accounted one of the greatest of allegories. Why ? How does it seem to you to deserve its reputation, or to show the genius of its author ? 4. The Journal to Stella. Where was Swift when it was written ? On what business had he come there ? State the principal facts with reference to the great party crisis of 1 7 1 1, and explain fully Swift's conduct at that time. Discuss the question whether that conduct proves him to have been a political turncoat or timeserver. Who was Stella ? Who was Vanessa ? What do you think is the nature of the affection for Stella shown in the jour- nal ? What is Swift's own account of his acquaintance with Vanessa as given in Cadenus and Vanessa ? What is your opinion as to the probability of the reputed marriage of Swift and Stella ? 140 ENGLISH LITERATURE 5. Criticise Thackeray's estimate of the character of Swift. Compare Johnson's estimate with Thackeray's. III. Pope. 1. The Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot. Who was Dr. Arbuthnot? When was this epistle written ? What may be said to be the general theme of the epistle ? Give such facts of Pope's life as may be necessary to explain fully the following passages : (1) "As yet a child, not yet a fool to fame, I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came." (2) M The Muse but serv'd to ease some friend, not wife, To help me thro' this long disease, my life." (3) " Soft were my numbers : who could take offence, While pure description held the place of sense ? " (4) M Who to the dean and silver bell can swear, And sees at Canons what was never there." (5) " The dreaded sat'rist Dennis will confess Foe to his pride, but friend to his distress." (6) H Me, let the tender office long engage, To rock the cradle of reposing age." What three famous satiric portraits in this letter ? Give from memory the famous lines on Addison. Which fea- tures in this portrait were probably most lifelike ? Give a full account of Pope's quarrel with Addison, and give the history of this particular passage. Give Pope's own statement of the motives and objects of his satiric writing, as he gives them in the latter part of this epistle. And how far do you think his practice ac- corded with his professions ? Cite any other passages from this epistle which indicate Pope's literary methods and ideals. 2. What is satire? State some qualities that satiric writing must possess to be effective and of permanent literary . interest. Which of these qualities are present, and which — if any — lacking, in Pope's work ? What is the metrical form of nearly all of Pope's work ? TEST QUESTIONS 141 To what kinds of subject is this form well suited ? And why ? What is the meaning of the term " classic," as often applied to the poetry of Pope and his school ? In what respects was this poetry representative of the age in which it was produced ? Name all Pope's works in proper chronological order. State briefly the ways in which each of the following persons is connected with the life or work of Pope : William Wycherley, Arabella Fermor, Martha Blount, Mary Wortley Montagu, Jonathan Swift, John Gay, Richard Bentley, Lewis Theobald, Colley Cibber, Lord Bolingbroke, Bishop Warburton. ON COURSE III I. Johnson. 1. Sketch briefly the course of his life and work from the time when he came up to London to the time when he received his pension, 1762. Give a list of his principal friends, with a few words of description for each, and a somewhat fuller account of the two great Irishmen among them. Mention some of his peculiarities of person and manner; some of his characteristic opinions and prejudices ; some of the qualities that endeared him to so large a circle of friends. Illustrate your statements, when you can, by refer- ence to characteristic facts or incidents in his life. 2. Rasselas. What was the motive of the Prince in leaving the Happy Valley ? And did he at last attain his purpose ? " The sentiments of her whom she expected to see no more were treasured in her memory as rules of life, and she deliberated to no other end than to conjecture on every occasion what would have been the opinions and counsel of Pekuah." What passage in the story gives occasion to the above remarks ? And what event in John- son's own experience at the time the Rasselas was written gives special significance to them ? 142 ENGLISH LITERATURE The views of Rasselas and Imlac upon poetry and upon marriage. The prose style of Johnson described in detail. How is it in striking contrast with that of Goldsmith ? And how does each style illustrate the mental peculiarities of its writer ? 3. The Vanity of Human Wishes. On what Latin poem is it based ? By what historic examples does Johnson illustrate the vanity of ambition in politics and government? in war? in learning ? Explain these lines : " He left the name at which the world grew pale To point a moral or adorn a tale." M From Marlborough's eyes the tears of dotage flow, And Swift expires a driveller and a show." What passages in the poem seem to have been directly suggested by Johnson's own experience ? What is the moral urged in the closing passage of the poem? What resemblances in sentiment between this poem and the Rasselas, and how do both works exemplify the temper of their author ? In metrical form this poem closely resembles Pope's satiric poetry ; but what differences in spirit and temper do you find between this satire and Pope's ? 4. How, after all, do you account for the literary eminence of a man whose works to-day are so little read ? II. Burke. 1. The Speech on Conciliation with America. Give such a con- cise account of American affairs as may explain the oc- casion and purpose of both of Burke's great American speeches. Discuss what Burke says, in the Speech on Conciliation, of the six causes of the American spirit of liberty ; of the TEST QUESTIONS 143 ways of dealing with this spirit. State his position on the question of the abstract right of England to tax the col- onies. Give the substance of his resolutions which were to conciliate the colonies, and his criticism of the rival plan of Lord North. 2. Reflections on the Revolution in France. What was the immediate occasion of this famous work ? Burke's answer to Dr. Price's threefold claim for the English Revolution of 1688. Burke's discussion of the doctrine of the w rights of men " as a foundation for government. Burke's charge against the manners and sentiments of the new French government. Burke's arguments for a state church. 3. Burke's style. State some characteristics of his diction ; sentence structure ; mode of building his paragraphs ; ways of securing force ; and any peculiarities of his mind that are strikingly exhibited in his style. Point out any striking excellence in the arrangement and general conduct of his speeches, and give, if you can, any reasons why these speeches were not generally suc- cessful at the time they were delivered. 4. Give some idea of Burke's eminent abilities as a statesman ; on the other hand, indicate some of his deficiencies as a practical politician and party leader. Explain the apparent and alleged inconsistency between his early attitude toward the American Revolution and his later attitude toward the French Revolution. State whether you think he was really inconsistent, and give in full your reasons for your opinion. III. Cowper. 1. Who was H My Mary " ? Give a full sketch of her relations with Cowper. Who was Lady Austen ? Theodora Cowper ? Lady Hesketh ? John Newton ? 2. The Task. Occasion of the poem and significance of its title. What is the locality of the scenes described in the poem ? 144 ENGLISH LITERATURE Quote the descriptive passage beginning with line 1 54, " How oft upon yon eminence." Quote also, for comparison, with this passage, the first fifteen lines of Goldsmith's Deserted Village. They re- semble each other in that each is a description of a beauti- ful scene long familiar to the writer; but can you point - out any differences between them in manner and motive ? In Cowper's work, it is often said, we see the begin- nings of a new school of poetry ; compare The Task with the work of Pope or Johnson, and point out any differ- ences in subject, manner, temper. IV. Burns. 1. His parentage and the conditions of his early life. The cir- cumstances attending the first publication of his poems, and his reception in Edinburgh. Who are these persons, and how connected with Burns's life and work? — Jean Armour, w Highland Mary," Gavin Hamilton, w Clarinda," Ellison Begbie. 2. Describe the following poems, noting the chief thoughts, incident, sentiment, and imagery in each, and the persons referred to, and quote, when you can : Tarn o' Shanter, To a Louse, Epistle to Davie, Mary Morison, " Ae fond kiss and then we sever." Tell whence these lines are taken, and explain the itali- cized words in them : " But now the supper crowns their simple board — The halesome parritch, chief of Scotia's food: The soupe their only haiokie does afford That 'yont the hallan snugly chews her cood : The dame brings forth in complimental mood To grace the lad, her well-hain'd kebbnck,fell And aft he 's prest, and aft he ca's it gude ; The frugal wifie, garrulous, will tell, How 't was a towmotul ait Id, sin lint was V the bell" TEST QUESTIONS 145 How is such a story as that of Tarn o' Shanter raised into poetry ? And what are some of the excellences of Burns's work that this poem well illustrates ? What other excellences may be well seen in The Cot- ter's Saturday Night ? Compare this poem with Gray's Elegy. What points of similarity and points of difference do you find ? Cite three of Burns's poems that show, in different ways, his remarkable pathos. What essential qualities of lyric poetry does the work of Burns possess in a high degree ? What qualities explain the eminently popular character of his verse ? In what respects is Burns's poetry representative of the new social and political ideas of his age ? What were some of the chief weaknesses of Burns as a man, and how did they affect his poetry ? He says of him- self in The Vision " — e'en the light that led astray Was light from heaven." What did he mean ? And is there any sense in which the statement is true ? ON COURSE IV I. Wordsworth. 1. State the principal facts in Wordsworth's life during the inter- val between leaving the university and settling at Grasmere. Explain briefly the influence of the French Revolution upon him during those years. For what does he profess himself indebted to his sister in that phase of his experience ? Name the chief poems produced during that period. How were these poems received ? On what did the critics base their objections ? 2. On what ground did Wordsworth base his preference for subjects from humble life ? 146 ENGLISH LITERATURE • Show by somewhat detailed reference to Michael, The Highland Reaper, Alice Fell, Lucy Gray, The Leech Gatherer, Simon Lee, the various ways in which Words- worth treated subjects from humble life ; show in which poems the treatment is poetically successful, and in which it is not, and give some reasons for the difference. Compare with the poems above named such work as Gray's Elegy, Goldsmith's Deserted Village, Burns's Cot- ter's Saturday Night or Mary Morison, — all, in some sense, poems of humble life, — and show how Words- worth's treatment differs from that of his predecessors. 3. State what you think there is characteristic in Wordsworth's attitude toward external nature ; and illustrate your state- ments by detailed reference to Lines above Tintern Abbey, " Three years she grew," and any other poems you may choose. 4. " The Happy Warrior," said Wordsworth once, H is a chain of extremely valuable thoughts " ; give the main thoughts of the chain. 5. Translated into prosaic form, what is the meaning of these lines from the Ode to Duty ? " Thou dost preserve the stars from wrong, And the most ancient heavens through Thee are fresh and strong." 6. Lovers of Wordsworth claim for his poetry unusual value as moral impulse and inspiration. Does this claim seem to you just, and, if so, to what virtues does it most inspire ? 7. What were some of the marked deficiencies and limitations of Wordsworth's poetic genius ? Refer to some poems that show such deficiencies and limitations II. Shelley. 1. State briefly the facts with reference to Shelley's expulsion from the university and his first marriage. Show how these facts illustrate his opinions and temper. 2. Characterize the mood or temper that seems to be common to all the following-named poems, and to many others of TEST QUESTIONS 147 Shelley, — indeed, it might be called the Shelleyan mood, as another mood is often termed Byronic : Alastor, Lines among the Euganean Hills, To a Skylark, Stanzas near Naples, The Sensitive Plant, The West Wind, " Rarely comest thou, Spirit of Delight." 3. Shelley has remarkable powers of natural description. What kind of scenes does he describe best ? Illustrate by refer- ence to The Cloud, Lines among the Euganean Hills, Prometheus Unbound. 4. Shelley's verse is also noted for its exquisite melody and tone color, i.e. variation and adaptation of sound — both vowel and consonant — and of movement in accordance with changing sentiment. Cite at least four passages to illustrate this power. 5. The Adonais. Occasion of it ? Plan of it ? Who are the M Mountain Shepherds," friends of Adonais ? The last is Shelley himself. How is he described ? What notion of a future life is embodied in the Adonais ? 6. Shelley was our typical poet of revolutionary sentiment. Against what wrongs does he think himself in revolt ? To what motives does he usually appeal for reform ? At what points was his social philosophy radically defective ? How did his revolutionary sentiment affect his shorter, lyrical poems ? 7. He was, says Matthew Arnold, M a beautiful and ineffectual angel." What does Mr. Arnold mean ? III. Keats. 1. M Love and Death had come together." What facts of Keats's life are thus metaphorically stated ? Name his principal poems in the order of their com- position. In what respects are the last much better than the first ? 2. Tell the story of The Eve of St. Agnes, particularizing, as you go, on such passages as show most clearly the keenness and delicacy of Keats's susceptibility to sensuous beauty. 148 ENGLISH LITERATURE • Shelley also had a keen sense of beauty, but it was quite different from that of Keats. Compare, for example, The Eve of St. Agnes with The Cloud or The Sensitive Plant 3. Give the sentiment that inspires the Ode to a Grecian Urn. 4. Compare the Ode to a Nightingale with the Ode to a Sky- lark. In both there is hopeless desire and longing; but how do the desire and longing of Keats differ from those of Shelley ? 5. Compare the descriptive work of Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, and Keats, as to objects of description most congenial to each, and the mood in which each habitually contemplates those objects. Use for illustration Tintern Abbey, Childe Harold, The Cloud or The West Wind, The Eve of St. Agnes. IV. Lamb. Write a brief essay upon Charles Lamb, covering the following points : (1) His domestic history and his principal friendships, with illustrative references to the essays. (2) His favorite authors, and their influence upon his own literary style. (3) His humor, — its varieties and its essential spirit. (4) His pathos. ON COURSE V I. Carlyle. 1. Sartor Resartus. Explain the metaphor in the title. What facts of Carlyle's parentage, education, early friendships, are related, under a thin disguise, in Book II ? Explain what you understand to have been the spiritual crisis described in the chapter on the M Everlasting No." Give Teufelsdrbckh's views of Happiness and of Work, as expounded in the chapter entitled " The Everlasting Yea." M This," says Teufelsdrockh, " is the Everlasting Yea, wherein all contradiction is solved." What is ? How TEST QUESTIONS 149 far did Carlyle exemplify in his own life the principles laid down in this chapter ? What is the meaning of the phrase M Natural Supernatu- ralism " as it is explained in the chapter bearing that title ? 2. Cite from the Sartor Resartus at least two passages that exemplify Carlyle's remarkable power of imaginative description. Carlyle's prose style. Point out (1) some peculiarities of his diction ; (2) some idioms and turns of phrase of which he is fond ; (3) some peculiarities of sentence structure and arrangement ; (4) some favorite figures and other rhetorical devices. Carlyle's prose style is obviously the exact opposite of Matthew Arnold's ; show in what respects the two styles are thus violently contrasted with each other, and show how each style is representative of the temper of the man. II. Browning. 1. Describe the following short poems, giving incident or nar- rative, argument, and the central truth that each poem illustrates or enforces : The Last Ride Together, Youth and Art, Love among the Ruins, Abt Vogler. 2. Andrea del Sarto. Who are the persons ? How does the beautiful descriptive passage at the beginning add to the dramatic effect of the poem ? To what facts in his life does Andrea refer ? Of what does he accuse himself ? What is the real cause of his failure ? How is it pathet- ically shown in the last paragraph of the poem ? What principles in Browning's philosophy of life would you say this poem illustrates ? And can you show how the same principles are illustrated — but from the side of success rather than of failure — in Rabbi Ben Ezra ? 3. The Epistle of Karshish. Outline the epistle. Point out the nice dramatic skill with which Karshish, by the way he tells his story, is made to reveal his own character. Point out any brief passage of vivid description that subtly harmonizes with the mood of the speaker. 150 ENGLISH LITERATURE Explain the characteristics of thought and judgment attributed to the risen Lazarus. What is the great truth, the possibility of which has so impressed Karshish ? In what other poem of Browning assigned for your read- ing does the same truth find most emphatic and beautiful expression ? 4. A Toccata of Galuppi's. Write a full body of notes on this short poem, showing who is speaking, of whom, explain- ing all words or terms of phrase that need explanation, and showing the course of thought and feeling through the poem. 5. Compare Browning's treatment of love as seen, for instance, in Love among the Ruins, Youth and Art, The Last Ride Together, with Tennyson's, as seen in The Gardener's Daughter, The Miller's Daughter, Locksley Hall. 6. What is meant by " dramatic " when the term is applied to poetry not in the form of drama ? What is the " dramatic monologue " ? Illustrate the form by a full description of My Last Duchess. 7. Browning's alleged obscurity. Point out some peculiarities of diction and structure, and some habits of thought that account for it. THIS BOOK M^^ BEL0W — IT'-P ,5 CENTS T w H ,'ul" N C R ^ E J 00 S0 C N EN TH E SEV.NTH DAV DA Y AND TO *'•« ^^^^^^^ OVERDUE. OCT 13 i* ^ \S* REC'D LD J2w is 193UAY 2D 1959 $4 \tf JUN 19 1939 JAti 13 I94| SEP 30 1942 FEB 10 1943 JB 31331 241165 \cX\si~o I I ■ill 1 ■ n IP 1 inn