A 
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTABY 
 
 ON 
 
 PAUSANIAS 
 
 BY 
 
 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 
 
 AND 
 
 PERCY GARDNER. 
 
 WITH THIRTY-TWO PLATES. 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE 
 JOURNAL OF HELLENIC STUDIES 
 
 1885, 1886, 1887
 
 RICHARD CLAY AND SONS 
 LONDON AND BUNGAY.
 
 STACK 
 ANNEX 
 
 c<r 
 
 1867 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 BOOK PACK 
 
 I, 39-44. MEGARICA 4 
 
 II. CORINTHIACA 10 
 
 III. LACONICA 54 
 
 IV. MESSENIACA 65 
 
 V, VI. ELIACA . . . , 71 
 
 YTL ACHAICA . ....- 74 
 
 Till. ARCADICA . 93 
 
 IX. BOEOTICA 110 
 
 X. PHOCICA 118 
 
 I, 1-38. ATTICA 125 
 
 SUPPLEMENT 153 
 
 INDEXES . 164 
 
 1685210
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSAN1AS. 
 
 I. 
 
 BOOK I. 39-44. MEGARICA. 
 
 BOOK II. CORINTHIACA. 
 
 THE following paper is the first of a series of two or three which 
 will bring into contact the extant coins of Greece and the text 
 of Pausanias, thus furnishing to many passages of the traveller's 
 writings a running numismatic commentary. 
 
 The main object we have set before us is to collect and set 
 forth the numismatic reproductions of works of art mentioned 
 by Pausanias ; but we have not excluded any numismatic types 
 which at all illustrate the cults and the legends mentioned by 
 him as existing in the various cities of Peloponnesus. 
 
 The importance of the work cannot be doubted when we con- 
 sider that in the case of many of the statues mentioned by 
 Pausanias the only copies known are those upon coins ; we may 
 therefore hope to reconstruct from numismatic evidence, at least 
 the general schemes of many great works of art wholly lost, and 
 thus furnish very important material for recovering the history 
 of Greek art ; especially the history of the succession of types 
 of the chief deities of Greece, which is a subject of great and 
 increasing interest to archaeologists. 
 
 Generally speaking, the coins on which we can place the most 
 reliance as sources of information as to the monuments are those 
 of Hadrian and the Antonines. These coins are also the best 
 in point of execution ; and we may add that they are contem- 
 porary with the travels of Pausanias. 
 
 B
 
 2 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 To discern whether the types of Greek coins of the Imperial 
 class, with which chiefly we shall have to do, are merely con- 
 ventional representations of deities, or whether on the other 
 hand they are copies of statues, is not an easy task. But a few 
 rules may be laid down which may be safely used in judging 
 of this matter. 
 
 There is reason to suppose that the figure of a deity 
 on a coin is a copy of a cultus - statue in the following 
 cases : 
 
 (1) When it is represented within a temple or shrine. This 
 is the surest of all indications of an intention to copy ; and few 
 or no instances will be found in which on coins a merely 
 conventional figure of a deity is placed in a temple. Of course 
 we cannot trust the small and careless representations on coins 
 for accuracy in such details as the number of pillars in a temple, 
 or the design of the pediment ; and even in representing the 
 cultus-statue, a die-sinker might take strange liberties. But 
 it seems that in every case he meant to copy so far as his 
 ability and memory served. 
 
 (2) When the figure stands on a pedestal, the intention 
 is obviously to represent a statue. By parity of reasoning, 
 when the figure on the coins leans on a pillar, or otherwise 
 is of a design fitted for the round but not for reliefs, it is 
 probably inspired by a statue. 
 
 (3) The presence of an altar on a coin is also an indication, 
 although a less trustworthy indication, of the intention to 
 portray a cultus-statue. 
 
 (4) So is also any indication of locality, such as a river-god 
 or acropolis-rock. But of course such proofs as these must not 
 be seriously relied on. 
 
 (5) When an identical type recurs unchanged on the coins 
 of a series of emperors stretching over a long period, then 
 there arises a presumption that such uniformity is caused by 
 the existence of a sculptural original, constantly under the 
 eyes of successive die-sinkers. They may in some cases 
 have copied the coins one of another, but this is less likely. 
 
 (6) Sometimes the language used by Pausanias enables us 
 to determine the connexion of a statue and a coin-type. For 
 instance, he may describe the statue in detail and the description 
 may apply to the coin-type ; or he may state the age and the
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 3 
 
 author of the statue, and these may completely suit the figure 
 of the coin. 
 
 (7) In some cases, especially where archaic types are con- 
 cerned, the figure on the coin may bear sufficient internal 
 evidence of being copied from a statue, and we may in some 
 cases be able to identify that statue from information other- 
 wise gained. 
 
 The only previous writer who must be acknowledged as our 
 predecessor is Panofka, who published in 1853-5, Archaeological 
 Commentaries on certain portions of Pausanias, more especially 
 II. 24, which describes the citadel of Argos. Of course the 
 material at our disposal is far more abundant than that which 
 he could command. 
 
 A word must be said as to the share taken in this paper by 
 the two compilers. They began the task independently; for 
 the present article it was found advisable to use the numis- 
 matic lists of the Swiss colleague, which were more complete, 
 as a basis : he has also furnished the casts used for illus- 
 tration in the case of all coins not in England or Paris. The 
 English colleague has added some material and put the article 
 into final form, and is responsible for the comments added after 
 the lists of coins. 1 
 
 The text used is that of Schubring (Teubner 1881). 
 
 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER. 
 PERCY GARDNER. 
 
 1 Abbreviations, 
 
 A i. ii. &c., B i- ii. &c., and so on to E. and F. Messrs. Rolliu et Feuardent. 
 
 M are references to the accompanying P.O. Count Prokesch-Osten. 
 
 plates. Mus. Nap. Museum of Naples. 
 
 Mion. Mionnet. Arig. Arigoni Catalogue. 
 
 M. S. Mionnet, Supplement. St. Flor. Museum des Stiftes St. 
 
 B. M. British Museum. Florian. 
 
 Arch. Z. Archaologische Zeitung. Mil. Eec. Millingen Recueil de Mon- 
 
 Imh. Imhoof-Blumer's Collection. naies, &c. 
 
 M copper. Mil. A. G. C. Millingen, Ancient Greek 
 
 M silver. Coins. 
 
 Obv Obverse. Overbeck K. M. Kunstmythologie. 
 
 Kev. Reverse. Berl. Bl. Berliner Blatter fiir Munz- 
 
 Sup. Supplement. Siegel-u. Wappenkunde. 
 
 Sancl. Museo Sanclementi. Ann. d. Inst. Annali dell' Inst. arch. 
 
 Auton. Autonomous. di Roma. 
 
 B 2
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 MEGARA. 
 1. Paus. I. 40, 2. TT}? 8e Kprjv^ ov Troppco lavTij^ dp-^alov 
 
 eartv lepov .... ical a<^a\p-d re KelraL %a\fcovv 'Apre- 
 e7riK\Tj<riv iStoTe/pa? .... TTJV Be "kpieiuv avrrjv 
 eVot^ae. Cf. 44, 2, statue of Artemis in 
 temple of Apollo. 
 ARTEMIS running to the right in short chiton; holds torch 
 
 in each hand. 
 
 JS Auton. Obv. Apollo-head. Neumann I. pi. vn. 4. Mion. II. 141, 319. 
 Auton. Obv. Head of Eucleides. B.M. Mion. n. 141, 318. (A i.). 
 Ant. Pius. Leake, p. 74. M. Aurel. M.S. in. 588, 377. 
 Commodus and Sept. Severus. B.M. 
 
 This type of Artemis recurs on coins of Pagae in exactly 
 similar form. It is, as we shall show in treating of that 
 city (infra) undoubtedly a copy of the work of Strongylion. 
 
 The head of Eucleides of Megara is very peculiar. The 
 philosopher, though bearded, wears the veil and the earring of 
 a woman. It has been suggested by Visconti that this is 
 obviously in allusion to the tale told about Eucleides, that he 
 came disguised as a woman, and veiled, from Megara, to attend 
 the lectures of Plato, at a time when access to Athens was 
 forbidden to the Megarians under pain of death. See Aulus 
 Gellius, Noct. Att. vi. 10. 
 
 2. Paus. I. 41, 3. Ov Troppca 8e TOV "TXXou fj,vij/j,aTO<} .... 
 
 mo? .... 'A7r6XX&>i>09 ecnt, ical ^Apre/itSo?' .... 'AX*a- 
 6ovv TOV IleXoTros .... TO lepbv Trotrjaai rovro 'A^po- 
 repav "A/are/uv ical 'ATroXXcova 'Aypalov eVovo/iacravTa. 
 Artemis Agrotera in loDg chiton running to the right, holds 
 bow in left hand, and with right draws an arrow from 
 her quiver. 
 
 JE Caracalla. B. M. (A n.) Revue Beige, 1860, pi. n. 6. 
 Sept. Severus. B.M. 
 
 See also Apollo. 
 
 3. Paus. 1. 40, 4. 'E? TO TOU Ato? Te/iei/o? e<re\0ov<Ti KO\OV- 
 
 uevov 'OXu/iTrtetov vaos ecrn 6ea<; a^to? . . . . TO> Se 
 a<yd\naTi TOV Ato? TrpdcrwTrov e\e<f>avTO<} teal %pvcrov, TO, 
 oe XotTra 7rt}\ov Te ecrTi ical yv-frov' Troffjtrai Se at/To 
 
 , (Tvvep<ydcra(r0ai 8e ol 
 
 ZEUS seated on throne, holds Victory. 
 M Ant. Pius. Arch. Z. 1843, p. 148, 16. 
 
 M. Aurel. B. M. (A in.) M. S. in. 588, 375.
 
 MEGARA. 5 
 
 Zeus seated, holds eagle. 
 
 Sept. Sev. 
 
 The figure on the coins is the usual conventional representa- 
 tion of a seated Zeus by Pheidias, such as that found on the 
 coins of Elis, of Alexander the Great, &c. It is curious that the 
 Zeus on the coins bears sometimes a Victory and sometimes an 
 eagle. The statues doubtless held a Victory, and it was the 
 natural instinct of Greek art in the good period, in engraving 
 so small a thing as a coin die, to substitute for the Victory a 
 simpler device of the same meaning, such as an eagle, the bird 
 of victory. Accordingly on Alexander's own coins, the Olympian 
 Zeus invariably carries an eagle ; on the coins of his successors, 
 a figure of Victory is sometimes substituted. 
 4. Cf. Paus. I. 43, 6. Kat ev ra> vaw T&> 7r\r)<riov Mouaa<? 
 Kal ^aXtfoOt' Aia eVo/T/cre AucriTTTro?. Cf. 40, 6, Ato<? 
 Kovi'ov vaos OVK e^wv opo<pov. 
 
 Zeus striding to the right, naked, holds thunderbolt and eagle. 
 In some cases he seems to stand on a basis, and so to 
 represent a statue. 
 M Caracalla. M.S. in. 590, 384. 
 L. Venis. Imh. (A rv. ) 
 
 5. Paus. I. 40, 6. '9 rr)v aicpoiro\iv dve\0ovai .... eo-rt 
 p,ev AIOVIHTOV z/ao<y NfACTeXtW. Cf. 43, 5, oJ/coSo/u/j/o-e 
 Srj /cal To3 Atofuo-ft) TO iepbv IloXueiSos, Kal %6avov 
 dvedr]Kev aTroiceKpvfAfAevov e<p' rjpaiv 7T\r)v roO nrpoa'fa'jrov. 
 .... TOVTOV fiev Sr; Harpwov Ka\ov<riV erepov 8e 
 Aiovvcrov AacruXXtoy eirovop.d^ovre^ K.T.X. 
 
 DIONYSUS standing, clad in short chiton, holds in right hand 
 kantharos, left rests on thyrsos. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Imh. Mion. n. 142, 331 (A v.) 
 
 6. Paus. I. 40, 6. ToO Se 'Ao-/cX7;7rtoO TO a<ya\/j,a Bpyaft? 
 Kal avrb Kal rrjv "Tyietav eTrolrjcrev. 
 
 ASKLEPIOS and HYGIEIA, side by side, in usual attitudes. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. (A vi.) 
 
 Asklepios standing. 
 
 ^1 Commodus. Imh. (A vn.) 
 Caracalla. 
 
 Hygieia standing, feeds serpent. 
 
 ^E M. Aurel. 
 
 Caracalla M. S. in. 590, 386. Leake, Sup. 134. 
 
 These figures are of quite conventional type ; and as they do 
 not appear in a temple there is no strong reason to suppose that
 
 (5 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 they repeat the statues of Bryaxis. But at the same time 
 there is nothing at all improbable in such a view. Mr. Wroth, 
 who has made a most careful study of the artistic representa- 
 tions of Asklepios and Hygieia, states his opinion (Journ. Hell. 
 Stud. v. p. 90) that the customary late schemes of the pair 
 came into existence about the time of Scopas, and were possibly 
 due to that artist. But the only figure of Asklepios by Scopas, 
 of the details of which we know anything, was beardless (Over- 
 beck, G. P. II. 11) : so that perhaps the claims of Bryaxis to the 
 origination of the usual type are preferable to his, in the 
 existing state of knowledge. 
 
 7. Paus. I. 44, 2. "Eo-rt oe ev ru> ryvfU>a<rlq> rw dp^alw 7r\v)o-lov 
 Ka\ov/j,ev(i)v Nvfj,(j>doa)v \i6os Trape^dyu.ei'o? TTV- 
 o? cr^TJ/^a ov /ie^aX^?' TOVTOV A-rroXXeDva ovo^ia- 
 Kaptvov. 
 
 OBELISK between two dolphins. 
 
 M aut. B. M. (A vin.) Obv. MEF Prow. 
 
 For the Greek custom of representing deities in columnar 
 
 form, Daremberg and Saglio s.v. Baetylia, Gardner, Types, &c., 
 
 p. 77, &c. Apollo is thus represented on coins of Ambracia, 
 
 and commonly in front of Greek houses, as Apollo 'Ayvievs. 
 
 8. Paus. I. 42, 5. ToO oe ' AirokXwvos Tr\LvQov /j,ev fjv 
 
 6 dp%aio<; veto?' varepov 8e /SacrtXev? w/coSo/Lt^crev 
 
 ASpiavbs \idov \evicov' 6 p,ev Srj Tlvdios Ka\ov/J.evo<; real 
 
 o Ae/caTijtyopos rot? AlyvTTTiois jJid\t,crra eoifcacri 
 
 ov Se 'Apyppy&rqv eTrovopd^ovcriv AiyivijTiKol 
 
 e'o-Ttv o/ioio?. Cf. 44, 2. 'ATToXXtwi/o? tepov eanv ev 
 
 8ej;ia TIpo&TaTrjpiov .... 'AvroXXwy Be ev avraJ tceiTai 
 
 Of as at; to? Kal "AjOre/it? Kal ATJTCO, KOI a\\a dyaX^aTa. 
 
 ecrTf Tlpa^ire\ov<i Trotrjaavro^, AIJTO) Kal ol TralBes. 
 
 42, 2. Tore Se avrw T6i%iovTi, w? <j)acriv ol M.eyapei<i, 
 
 avvepyd^erai re 'ATroXkwv Kal rrjv Kiddpav KareB^tcev 
 
 67rt rbv \L6ov' rjv 8e TU^TJ ftdXwv rt? tyvjtfriSi, Kara 
 
 ravrd ovros re tJX r ) (r Ka ^ Kiddpa Kpovcrdelaa. 
 
 Cf. also Apollo Agraeus, above. 
 
 Head of APOLLO. Rev. Lyre, tripod, dolphin or quiver. 
 M JE Auton. B. M. 
 
 Apollo standing, holds plectron and lyre. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Mion. n. 142, 330 (holds branch instead of plectron) 
 
 Carac. M. S. in. 590, 385. 
 
 Geta. B. M. Beside Apollo omphalos surmounted by eagles, or altar on 
 which ravens. (A ix. )
 
 MEGARA. 7 
 
 APOLLO AKTEMIS and LETO. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Athens Mus. 3218. (A x.) 
 
 We have here a most important type, which should be a copy 
 more or less free of the statues of Praxiteles. It merits a 
 detailed description. To the left is Leto clad in long chiton 
 in her raised right hand she holds a long sceptre, her left hand 
 hangs by her side. In the midst stands Apollo in citharoedic 
 dress, holding in his right hand a plectrum, and in his 
 left a lyre. To the right stands Artemis clad in long chiton 
 with diplois, holding in her left hand a plectrum, and with her 
 right drawing an arrow from the quiver at her back. None of 
 these schemes are in conflict with the style of Praxiteles. 
 9. Paus. I. 42, 4. co/coSc/i^rai Se 7rl rfj Kopv<j>rj rr?9 dicpo- 
 7roXe&><? vabs 'AOrjvas, ayaX^M Se ecrriv 67rl%pu(rov 7T\rjv 
 KOI areptov irobtov' ravra Se KOI TO Trpocosirov 
 e\e(f)avTOs. KCLL erepov evravOa lepbv 'Adiyvas 
 
 Ka\ovfjbvrj<; Nt/e7<>, /cat, a\\o AtaimSo?. 
 ATHENE erect, spear in raised right hand, shield on left arm. 
 JR L. Vents. Rev. Beige, 1860, PI. n. 5. 
 S. Severus. K. and F. 
 Geta. B. M. (A xi.) Imh. 
 
 It would seem that this rather archaic and stiff type is most 
 
 appropriate to Athene Aiantis. 
 
 10. Paus. I. 40, 6. 'ILvravda ical rrj<s AT/^Tpov TO KO,\OV pevov 
 Of. 42, 6, ecrn be teal A^/i^rpo? iepov 
 
 DEMETER standing veiled clad in chiton with diplois, holds in 
 either hand a torch ; before her, large torch fixed in the 
 ground. 
 
 M M. Aurel. Imh. (A xn.) Vents Commodus. M. S. m. 376-9. 
 Sept. Severus. Geta. (A xm.) B. M. 
 
 11. Paus. I. 43, 6. TiXrjviov 8e TOV T?}? 'A<po8iT?79 vaov 
 
 Tv^r]? e<TTtv iepov' TLpai;iTe\ov<; teal avTt) Te^vrf. 
 TYCHE wearing mural crown, holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 & Commodus. M. S. in. 589, 380. 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Altar before her. 
 
 Domna. Mion. n. 143, 332. 
 
 Geta. B. M. (A xiv. ) Tyche facing, altar beside her. 
 
 The mural crown, which is clear on some specimens, may be 
 a mere later addition, but it is by no means unlikely that the 
 scheme of the coin, though quite ordinary, may be copied from 
 the statue of Praxiteles. It is said that Bupalus is the earliest 
 sculptor who made a statue of Tyche ; but Praxiteles and
 
 8 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Damophon of Messene set the fashion, so greatly followed in 
 later times, of setting up cultus-statues of the goddess. Tn 
 all probability the normal type, as represented on our coin, 
 was the invention of one of them. The altar beside Tyche on 
 the coin is an indication of locality which tells in favour of the 
 view that we have to do with a copy of a statue. 
 12. OTHER TYPES at Megara: 
 
 Herakles resting. 
 
 M Carac. P. 0. Abh. 1845, pi. II. 32. 
 Sept. Sever. Sancl. II. xxv. 221. 
 
 Nemesis (?), right hand on her mouth, leaning on pillar 
 (possibly Paregoros, statue by Praxiteles. Paus. I. 43, 6). 
 
 M Geta. M. S. in. 590, 389. 
 
 Terminal figure, with long hair, between pillars of a temple ; 
 before it, a railing. 
 
 M Geta. Imh. (A xv.) 
 13. Paus. I. 40, 3. Statues of twelve gods. 
 
 41, 3. Temple of Isis. 
 
 42, 7. Heroon of Ino. 
 
 43, 5. Satyr of Praxiteles. 
 
 43, 6. Temple and statue of Aphrodite Praxis ; 
 in it, Peitho and Paregoros by 
 Praxiteles ; Eros, Himeros, and Pothos, 
 by Scopas. 
 
 PAGAE. 
 
 1. Paus. I. 44, 4. 'Ev 8e rats Hayais #ea? inre\eiireTo dgtov 
 
 'Apre/ttSo? ^core/pa? eTriK\r)<nv ^dX/covv aydXfj.a, fjte- 
 
 yedet, T&> Trapa M.e<yapev<ri,v 'icrov KOI cr^yLta ovSev 
 
 8ia(f)6p(i)<i eyov. 
 
 ARTEMIS running, clad in short chiton, holds [torch in each 
 
 hand. 
 M M. Anrel. Sanclementi n. xxn. 175. 
 
 Commod. Mion. n. 143, 335. M. S. in. 592, 396. 
 
 Similar figure on basis, altar before her. 
 JE M. Aurel. Arig. i. 81, 67. 
 
 Commod. Mus. Font. i. pi. v. 8. Imh. (A i.) 
 S. Severus. M. S. in. 593, 400 (Vienna). Leake, Suppl. 137. 
 Similar figure in temple : tree on either side. 
 M Commod. M. S. in. 592, 397. Munich. (An.) 
 
 This figure of Artemis was (cf. Paus. I. 40, 2) a replica of 
 that made by Strongylion, the contemporary of Pheidias, for the 
 people of Megara. The coins of Megara and Pagae present us
 
 PAGAE : AEGOSTHENA. 9 
 
 with figures of Artemis exactly alike. At Pagae this figure 
 appears in a temple and on a basis. There can therefore be no 
 doubt that it reproduces Strongylion's statue. This has been 
 already stated by Streber, and accepted in Miiller-Wieseler, 
 Denkmaeler, n. 174 b. Pausanias gives (I.e.) an account of the 
 tale which led to the erection of the statue, in which Artemis 
 seems to be embodied as the goddess of night, and is assimi- 
 lated to the Thessalian Hecate, who also is represented on coins 
 of Pherae of the fourth and third centuries as bearing two 
 torches. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES at Pagae. 
 
 Dionysus seated, holds kantharos and sceptre ; panther before 
 him. 
 
 Sept. Sev. Turin. Panther at his feet. (A in.) 
 
 Cybele seated, holds patera and sceptre ; lion beside her. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. (A iv.) 
 
 Isis in temple. 
 
 Bust of Tyche. 
 
 Gate with three doors, and figures over them. 
 
 M S. Sev. Vienna. (A v.) Athens. (A vi.) 
 
 Herakles on basis in building of two stories, surmounted by 
 statues. 
 
 M S. Sev. Vienna. (A vn.) 
 
 AEGOSTHENA. 
 1. Paus. 1, 44, 5. 'Ez/ Atyoa-devois 8e MeXa/i7roSo9 rov 
 
 ' A./j,v6aov6<; eariv iepov, KOI dvrjp ov fj,e<ya<i eTreipyaafAevos 
 
 ev <nr)\r). 
 
 Round BUILDING, whence rises a tree, entwined by a serpent. 
 M Geta. Athens. Ann. dell' Inst. 1866, 336. 
 
 Child suckled by she-goat. (MELAMPUS ?) 
 
 & Sept. Sev. B. M. (A I.) 
 
 The tree entwined by a serpent is a regular symbol of the 
 grave, and this is sufficient proof that the building represented 
 on the coin of Geta must be a well-known tomb ; but as to 
 details we have no information. 
 
 I am not aware that there is any record of the existence of a 
 tradition that Melampus was suckled by a she-goat : but nothing 
 is more likely. Such stories were told of highly-gifted men, and 
 it is fairly certain that the type of the coin must refer to a 
 noted native of Aegosthena, and so to Melampus, who was its 
 only remarkable man.
 
 10 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES at Aegosthena. 
 
 Artemis as huntress. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Ann, d. Inst. 1866, 336. 
 
 CORINTH. 
 
 In criticising the types which we meet on the coins of 
 Corinth we must always bear in mind the words of Pausanias : 
 (ll. 2, 6.) Adyov 8e aia ev rfj TroXet, TO, fj,ev \enrbp,eva CTI 
 ap%ai(i)v ecrriv, TO. Se TroAAa avrwv eVt rf)s aKfArjs 
 iridr) rf)s vcrrepov. 
 It will seem unlikely that a sack, like that of Corinth in B.C 
 146, would spare any works of art existing in the city. Yet it 
 appears, alike from the general statement of Pausanias just 
 quoted, and from the remarks which he makes as to various 
 temples and statues, that there were in Roman Corinth a great 
 number of works of early Greek art. Of these some may have 
 been brought into Roman Corinth from neighbouring towns ; 
 but others are in character so local that we can scarcely doubt 
 that they belonged to the early city, whatever theory we may 
 form as to the manner of their survival. 
 
 The Roman colonists, entering on a wealth of Greek art and 
 legend, adopted both with enthusiasm, and were very proud of 
 both. There is no other Greek city whereof the coins give us so 
 extensive information on the subject of temples and statues, 
 legends and cults. The imperial series of Corinth furnishes a 
 very full archaeological commentary on the text of Pausanias : 
 indeed the correspondences between the two are so many and so 
 close, that it seems rather the rule than the exception for coin- 
 types to be copies of works of art, more especially works of 
 early Greek art. 
 
 1. Paus. II. 1, 3. Tlpo'iovcri, 8e f) TT/TU? %pt 7^ efiov Tretfivtcei, 
 Trapa TOV alyia\6v, /cal MeXt/eeproi/ /Sw/^o? rjv. 69 
 TOVTOV TOV TOTTOV eKKO[Aicrdr)vai TOV TralSa VTTO 8e\(f)ivo<; 
 
 Xeyovtri (TTI Se eVi TOV 'IcrQ/jiov Trjs ap^f/?. 
 
 MELICERTES reclining on dolphin, under pine. Cf. Stephani, 
 Compte Eendu, 1864, 209. 
 
 & Hadrian. B. M. Imh. 
 M. Aurelius. Imh. (B i.) 
 Commodus. B. M. Infield, wreath. (B n.) 
 J. Domna. Imh. In field, two pines, wreath, and palm. (B in.) 
 J. Domna. M. S. IV. 119, 816. Three trees.
 
 CORINTH. 11 
 
 Melicertes on dolphin on altar, under pine (Isthmus sometimes 
 
 present q. v.). 
 S, M. Aurel. Mus. Benkowitz. B. M. Isthmus standing by, holds rudder. 
 
 (B iv.) 
 
 M. Aurel. B. M. Athlete by, holds palm. (B v.) 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 119, 817. Table, Triton, &c. in field. 
 M. Aurelius. Copenhagen. Poseidon standing by. (B vi.) 
 
 Melicertes lying on dolphin under pine : the whole on table. 
 M Ant. Pius. Mion. n. 181, 244. (B vn.) 
 Melicertes lying on dolphin, draped. 
 M Auton. Mus. Hunter. Imh. 
 
 Auton. Obv. Pegasus. Rev, Melicertes on dolphin, head raised. Munich. 
 (B vni.) 
 
 L. Verus. B. M., &c. 
 
 Paus. II. 1, 7. T&> vaw 8e ovn fj,eye6o<? ov fAel^ovt efaa-Tijtcaai, 
 
 Kal dyd\/Aard ecrriv ev ro3 Trpovda, 
 , rptrov 8e 'A^tfurpiT^, /cal aXatrcra, 
 Kal avrrj ^a\Krj. ra 8e evkov e<fi fjpwv dvedrj/cev 
 'HpcoS?;? 'AQrjvaios, ITTTTOU? recrcrapa? eTriftpvaovs TT\T)V 
 TCOV O7r\(t)v' 07r\al Se cr<j)i<Tiv elcriv eXe^ai/ro?. Kal 
 TpiTci)V<; 8vo Trapa TOVS fcnrov? elcrl ^pvcroi, rd fj,er' 
 l%vv e\etf)avTO<; Kal ovrot,' ro3 Se ap^ari 'A./AffriTplrri Kal 
 Hocrei&wv e^GaTijKacri, Kal ?rat? 6pdo<} ecrriv eTrl Se\- 
 <f)ivo<? 6 U.a\eUfUeaf eXetyavros 8e Kal xpvaov Kal OVTOI. 
 
 Palaemon standing on dolphin, draped. 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 98, 666. 
 
 Ant. Pius. Mion. n. 181, 245. Imh. (B ix.) 
 
 S. Severus. Mus. Arig. iv. pi. vn. 35. Isthmus seated by. Turin. (B x.) 
 
 Paus. II. 2, 1. Tou 7rept/3o\ot Se ea-riv eWo? IlaXat/iovo? ev 
 dpicTTepa i/ao?, dydX/jbara Be ev avro) TlcHreiSwv fcal 
 A.evKodea Kal avrb<} 6 IlaXat/uwv. 
 Round temple of Palaemon : within, sometimes Palaemon lying 
 
 on dolphin. 
 
 M M. Aurel. B. M. Ox approaching for sacrifice. (B xi.) 
 L. Verus. B. M. Trees around. Imh. (B xn.) 
 Geta. B. M. Ox approaching. 
 Caracalla. M. S. iv. 122, 837. In front priest and ox. B. M. (B xin.) 
 
 Paus. II. 3, 4. Mera 8e TO aya\fj,a rov 'Ep/ioO TlocreiS&v Kal 
 
 AevKodea Kal 7rl 8e\<j>iv6s ecrriv 6 TLakeUfU&v. 
 Palaemon (or Melicertes q. v.) lying on dolphin. 
 Palaemon sitting on dolphin. 
 M Auton. M. S. iv. 50, 338. Imh. P. holds thyrsus. 
 M. Aurel. B. M. 
 
 . L. Verus. Mion. n. 185, 280. (B xiv.) Florence. (B xv.) 
 S. Severus. M. S. iv. 115, 784. P. holds wreath, Isthmus seated near.
 
 12 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Cotnmodus. Imh. Group on altar. (B xvi.) 
 Carac. Parma. Dolphin bridled. (B xvn.) 
 
 It is evident from Pausanias' statements, confronted with the 
 coins, that the one among the many stories as to the history of 
 Ino and Melicertes or Palaemon which was accepted at Corinth 
 was that which represented that Ino and Melicertes leaped into 
 the sea at Megara, and Palaemon was borne by a dolphin to the 
 part of the Isthmus where was the sanctuary of Poseidon ; that 
 he there died and was buried, and after death was worshipped 
 as a hero, and honoured by funeral games. 
 
 It is not easy to reconcile this tale, and the peculiar artistic 
 representation of Melicertes as a young boy which prevailed at 
 Corinth, with the view of those who suppose Melicertes to be a 
 form of the Tyrian god Melkarth. But this matters little to 
 the present purpose, for it is certain that the Corinthians knew 
 nothing of the proposed identification. 
 
 On coins there are three schemes of Palaemon and the 
 dolphin : sometimes he is sitting on it, sometimes standing, 
 sometimes lying; the standing figure certainly belongs to the 
 group of gold and ivory set up by Herodes Atticus in the temple 
 of Poseidon ; the lying figure is connected with the pine-tree 
 and the altar under it, as well as with the round temple of 
 Palaemon ; the seated figure may perhaps be copied from the 
 statue mentioned by Pausanias lower down (ll. 3, 4). But of 
 course such distinctions are too nice to be strongly insisted on. 
 
 Figures of Ino and Melicertes, as of Poseidon and other types 
 of Corinthian coins are to be found on the splendid cameo of 
 Vienna (Overbeck, Kunstmyth. in., Gemmentafel II. 8), which 
 presents us with an abridged picture of the region. 
 2. Paus. II. 1, 9. 'Az/atfemu TdXijvtj 1 ? djdXfjia KCU @aXa<r- 
 0-779, fcal ITTTTO? et/eacryuez/o? Krjrei ra yttera TO arepvov, 
 'Ivo) re real Be\A,e/oo<6vr?7S KOL 6 ITTTTOS 6 Tlrfyavos. 
 (For Ino, cf. I. 44, 7 and 8.) 
 INO with her veil : beside her, hippocamp. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Imh. Choix, pi. n. 50. Vienna. (B xviu.) 
 L. Verus. Berlin. 
 
 Ino holding Melicertes in her arms. 
 
 M M. Aurel. Imh. (B xix.) 
 Domitian. Berlin. (B xx.) 
 
 Domitian. M. u. 177, 218. Isthmus seated on rock, q.v. B. M. (B xxi.) 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Isthmus seated on rock. Imh. (B xxn.) 
 Sept. Severus. M. n. 187, 292. Ino on a rock ; before her, dolphin. 
 Vienna. (B xxin.)
 
 COKINTH. 13 
 
 Caracalla. Imh. Monn. Or. p. 160. 
 
 Ant. Pius. Mus. Nap. 7441. Ino and Melicertes : Sea deity holding out 
 his arms to receive the child. (B xxiv.) 
 
 The presence of the hippocamp suggests that the type first 
 described, which represents Ino without her child, may represent 
 one of the anathemata of the temple of Poseidon, there set up 
 in Roman times. 
 
 The second type, which appears full-face, represents Ino as 
 holding her child on her left arm, and grasping with her right 
 hand the end of her veil. In the third type she is in rapid 
 motion towards the sea, which is represented on one coin by a 
 marine deity, on others by a dolphin. Sometimes, however, the 
 locality is changed, and in the place of the sea appears a seated 
 figure of Isthmus. As this figure of Ino persists unchanged 
 from the time of Domitian to that of Septimius Severus, it 
 would seem to be based on some work of art. 
 3. Cf. 2, 4. Kpdveiov. evravda BeXXepcx^oWou re ecrri 
 
 re/ifz/09 Kal, K.T.\. 
 BELLEROPHON leading Pegasus : holds spear. 
 
 M Sep. Sev. Imh. (C xxv.) 
 
 Bellerophon taming Pegasus : holds shield. 
 
 M Nero. B. SI. Imh. (C xxvi.) 
 
 Hadrian. Paris. (C xxvu.) 
 
 Caracalla. B. M. 
 
 Bellerophdh seizing Pegasus near spring Peirene. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (C xxviu.) 
 
 Bellerophon watering Pegasus : near by, Acropolis. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. B. M. (C xxix.) 
 
 Pegasus drinking. 
 
 M Aut. Imh. (C xxx.) 
 
 4. Cf. Paus. II. 3, 5. K.prjvai. . . . Oeas Se p,d\icrra a%ia rj jrapa 
 
 TO ayaA/ia TO T?}? 'A/rre/Lu8o9, Kal 6 BeXXepoc^ovTT;? 
 
 GTrecrTi, /cat TO vScop ol 81' OTrXj}? 'LTTTTOV pel TOV Tlrjydcrov, 
 Bellerophon slaying Chimaera ; beside him seated Artemis 
 
 who holds bow. 
 
 M Caracalla. A. Z. 1843, pi. ix. 13. B. M. (C xxxn.) 
 Bellerophon slaying Chimaera, on Corinthian column. 
 & Geta. Mion. n. 189, 304. 
 Bellerophon slaying Chimaera, mounted on Pegasus. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (C xxxi.) 
 & Hadrian. B. M. 
 
 L. Verus. B. M., &c. 
 
 [A list of Monuments on which the myth of Bellerophon is depicted, by Engel- 
 mann, in Ann. d. lnt. 1874, p. 1, pis. A F.]
 
 14 NUMISMATIC COMMENTAEY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 The presence of Artemis, and the use in some cases of a 
 column to support the group of Bellerophon and the Chimaera, 
 alike indicate that it is copied from the sculptured group of 
 the fountain. The water would flow from one of the forefeet of 
 Pegasus. 
 5. Paus. II. 1, 6. Aeyov&i Se ical ol KopivOioi TlocreiS&va 
 
 e\0eiv 'HXt&) Trept 1% 7779 e'<? dfj,<f>UT/3iJTr)<Tiv. 
 Coin with head of HELIOS on one side, Poseidon on the other. 
 M Ant. Roman period. B. M. Imh. 
 Of. Poseidon, below. 
 
 6. Paus. II. 1, 5 and 6. Ka^/eet Se 6 rS>v KopivOicav l< 
 T{J (j,ev 69 rrjv eVt Key^peat?, rfj Se e<? ryv eVl 
 Od\acrcrav. 
 ISTHMUS personified as a young male figure, standing, holding 
 
 rudders. 
 
 M Auton. Roman. B. M. (C xxxni.) Imh. (C xxxiv.) 
 Domitian B. M. (C xxxv.) 
 M. Aurel. Z. f. N. x. p. 75. 
 Sept. Sev. St. Florian. (C xxxvi.) 
 
 Isthmus seated, holds rudder. 
 
 M Hadrian. Imh. Isthmus seated in temple, right hand rests on head, left on 
 
 rudder. (C xxxvu.) 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Similar, no temple. (C xxxvm.) 
 Hadrian. Isthmus seated on rock, holds inverted rudder ; legend ISTHMVS. 
 
 W. Froehner. (C xxxix.) 
 S. Severus. Imh. Isthmus seated left, holds rudder and palm ; before him 
 
 Ino and Melicertes, q.v. 
 
 Domitian. M. II. 177, 218. Isthmus seated on rock, at his feet sea and 
 dolphin ; opposite I no with Melicertes in her arms. (Millin. 0. M. ex. 
 400, B xxi.) 
 
 See also above, (B iv.) and (B x.) 
 
 The coin which represents Isthmus as seated within a temple 
 (C xxxvu.) repeats a Corinthian cultus-statue. No doubt Isthmus 
 was personified as a local hero ; and tradition must, as the coins 
 show, have connected him with the history of Ino and Melicertes. 
 In his temple he was represented as a young and naked man, 
 seated on a rock, resting his right hand on his head, and 
 supporting himself on his rudder, in an attitude of complete 
 repose. His face is turned backwards, implying probably that 
 Isthmus faced both the eastern and the western sea. Compare 
 a very similar figure of Haemus on the coins of Nicopolis. 
 
 If the standing figure of the coins represents a work of art, 
 it might well be a bronze statue erected in the neighbourhood 
 of the Isthmian temple ; such a statue is not mentioned by 
 Pausanias. The two rudders in the hands clearly refer to
 
 CORINTH. 15 
 
 the two harbours which existed, one on each side of the 
 isthmus. 
 7. The two harbours, LECHAEUM and CENCHREAE. 
 
 (1) As nymphs turned opposite ways, each holding a rudder. 
 M Hadrian. B. M. Inscribed [_ EC H, CENCH. (C XL.) 
 
 (2) As reclining male figures. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Mill. Sylloge, pi. n. 30. Acropolis ; at the foot, on either 
 side, male figure reclining, one holds rudder, one anchor. See below, 
 (G cxxxiv. ) 
 
 8. Paus. II. 2, 2. 'O Sc 'la-Opi/cbs dya)v, K.T.\. 
 ATHLETES : Two naked wrestlers or boxers. 
 
 ^E Aut. Koman. Imh. Wrestlers. (C XLI.) 
 Aut. Roman. Imh. Boxers. (C XLII.) 
 Aut. Imh. Boxer striking one who has fallen. (C XLIII.) 
 
 Runners. 
 
 ^E Auton. Rev. Num. 1851, p. 402. Armed runner. 
 
 Auton. Imh. Unarmed runner, holds palm. (C XLIV.) 
 Domitian. Imh. Unarmed runner, holds palm. (C XLV.) 
 Commod. M. S. iv. Ill, 755. Armed runner. 
 
 Other Athletes. 
 
 M Auton. Imh. Athlete standing, holds palm. 
 
 M. Aurel. B. M. Athlete standing, holds palm, beside Melicertes and 
 pine. See above, (B v.) 
 
 Conical building ; perhaps a spring-house ; possibly an obelisk 
 
 within a stadium. 
 M Domitian. Arig. i. 67, 43. Berlin. (C XLVI.) 
 
 Hadrian. Revue Beige, 1860, pi. n. 7. Imh. (C XLVII.) 
 
 On the Berlin coin the representation varies. There is a 
 door in the midst, flanked by standing figures, and surmounted 
 by a horseman. 
 
 BUILDING, from the midst of which rises a column surmounted 
 by a naked male figure, holding sceptre : and over each 
 side an equestrian statue. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. n. 184, 264. Leake, Eur. Gfr. p. 41. 
 L. Verus. W. Froehner. (C XLVIII.) 
 S. Severus. Mion. iv. 117, 806 (where the equestrian statues are wrongly 
 
 described as racing horses.) 
 Oaracalla. Mion. iv. 124, 849. 
 
 This building may be meant for a stadium or a hippodrome ; 
 the latter is not mentioned by Pausanias. 
 
 ISTHMIA in wreath. 
 
 M Nero. Imh. Anton. Pius and L. Verus. B. M. &c. 
 
 9. Paus. II. 1, 7. 'EX,0o'vT4 Se e<? rov Oeov rb lepov 
 
 TTirvcov SevSpa ecrri Tre^vrevfieva eVt (TTofyov, ra TroXXa 
 ? ev6v avrwv dvijKovra. rat vaa) 8e ovrt [MeyeBos ov
 
 16 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Tetrastyle temple of POSEIDON surrounded by Tritons; tree 
 
 beside it. 
 M L. Verus. M. S. iv. 103, 701. 
 
 Geta. Imh. Choix, pi. II. 51. (D XLIX.) Vienna. (D L.) 
 M Aut. &c. Tetrastyle temple. (See E xov.) 
 
 The details of architecture are among the matters as to 
 which the representations of coins are least trustworthy. But 
 in this particular case there is an obvious intention to represent 
 the temple of Poseidon as faithfully as space would allow. The 
 tree in front of the temple and the Tritons over the angles of 
 the pediment are certainly taken from the Poseidium. We may 
 therefore venture to accept the numismatic testimony that the 
 little temple of Poseidon was not peripteral but eithex prostyle 
 or amphi prostyle ; and we may even regard it as probable that 
 the temple was tetrastyle. 
 
 10. Kai. dydX/JLard earnv ev TO> irpovdut 8vo fj,ev IIo<TeiS<wz/o9, 
 Of. 2, 3, ev Ae^atm IIo<ret8<wz>05 lepov, KOI dya\f^a 
 2, 8, /cpyvr) ical II. tV dvTrj ^aX/eot)?. 
 
 Head of Poseidon, trident over shoulder. 
 M Auton. B. M. Imh. 
 
 Hadrian. Imh. (D LI.) 
 
 M. Aurel. Imh. &c. Overbeck, K. M., Munzt. v. 14. 
 
 Poseidon, naked, seated on rock, holds trident. 
 
 .E Auton. Imh. B. M. (D LIT.) 
 
 Poseidon standing, holds dolphin and trident, one foot on rock. 
 
 ^Domitian. B. M. Imh. (D LIII.) 
 
 M. Aurel. Turin. Behind Poseidon, tree. 
 Sept. Severus. Imh. Behind Poseidon, tree. 
 
 Poseidon standing, left foot on dolphin, in right hand trident. 
 
 M Domitian. Berlin. 
 
 jE Domna. Aplustre in place of trident. 
 
 Poseidon seated, holds dolphin and trident. 
 
 M Trajan. B. M. (D LIV.) 
 Hadrian. St. Flor. pi. II. 16. 
 
 Commodus. Imh. B. M. Pallas standing before him. (D w.) 
 Verus. Imh. Victorious athlete before him. (D LVI. ) 
 
 Poseidon standing, holds patera and trident, before altar of 
 
 Melicertes q. v. 
 
 M M. Aurel. Copenhagen. Near by, tree. 
 Poseidon standing in chariot drawn by two Tritons. 
 jE Domitian. Overb. K. M. in. pi. vi. 21. Imh. (D LVII.) 
 Nero. B. M. (D LVIII.) Octavia. B. M. 
 
 Poseidon standing in chariot drawn by hippocamps. 
 M Nero. B. M. Domitian. Imh. (D LIX.) 
 
 These figures in chariots may be confronted with Pausanias' 
 description, II. 1, 7 above quoted, of the group of Poseidon and
 
 COBINTH. 17 
 
 Amphitrite in a chariot drawn by four horses. The coins 
 cannot, however, embody a reminiscence of the group, as the 
 date of Herodes is later than that at which they were struck. 
 
 Of the various figures of Poseidon thus far mentioned the 
 only one which can be regarded as a copy of a statue is that 
 which figures Poseidon as seated (D LLV.-VL), holding dolphin and 
 trident. This type has the air of the cultus-statue of a temple ; 
 but we cannot be sure of the particular temple, for on one coin 
 the seated Poseidon is confronted with an athlete which seems 
 to point to the Isthmus, in another with Pallas, which seems 
 to indicate the market-place. (See below.) 
 
 11. Paus. IF. 2, 3. 'Ey 8e K.ey^peai<} 'A<f>poBtrtj<; re tcrrt, vab<? 
 /cal a<ya\fj,a \ldov, fjbera 8e avrov eTrl ra> epv^ari rc3 Sia 
 T?}? 6a\dcrcrr)s IlocretSwvos ^CL\KOVV Kara Be TO 
 erepov rrepas rov \i[J.evos 'A.<7K\r)7riov /cat "Icrio9 lepd. 
 Views of harbour of CENCHREAE, flanked on either side by 
 temple, and containing standing colossus of Poseidon 
 and three ships. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Imh. Millingen, R6c, pi. n. 19. Vienna. (D LX.) 
 POSEIDON standing naked, holds dolphin and trident. 
 
 ^Auton. B. M. Ob v. Head of Helios. (D LXI.) 
 
 Commodus. B. M. At feet of Poseidon, second dolphin. (D LXII.) 
 Plautilla. Vienna. Opposite Poseidon armed Aphrodite. (D LXIII. ) 
 
 Isis Pharia, holds sail. Cf. II. 4, 6, Isis Pelagia and Aegyptia. 
 
 ^E Plotina. Mion. n. 179, 226. 
 L. Verus. Imh. (D J-Xiv. ) 
 
 Head of APHRODITE : below, galley inscribed CENCRhEAE. 
 
 ^ENero. B. M. (D LXV.) 
 
 The coin of Millingen (D LX.) is important, as it enables us to 
 identify positively the type of Poseidon represented in the 
 bronze statue of the mole. Poseidon stood erect and naked 
 with a dolphin in one hand and a trident in the other, a figure 
 well adapted for execution in bronze and for a statue of great 
 size. The date of its erection must have been subsequent to 
 the colony of Caesar ; had it belonged to the old city Mummius 
 would scarcely have spared such a mass of metal. In case of 
 the B. M. coin (D- LXII), the second dolphin at the feet of the 
 god may be held to stand for the water of the harbour which 
 flowed at his feet. 
 
 The head of Aphrodite on the last coin cited must stand 
 for an abbreviated representation of the temple dedicated 
 to her.
 
 18 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 12. Paus. II. 2, 3. Trjv Se 69 Ke7^/3ea? lovratv e 'Io-0/ioO 
 vab$ 'Apre/itSo9 feat %bavov dp^alov. Cf. 3, 5, /ACT' avrov 
 (Poseidon) "Apre/xt? dypevovaa ea-Tijice (in the baths of 
 Eurycles). 
 ARTEMIS as huntress : holds torch and bow. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Iroh. 
 
 Hadrian. Arig. I. 95, 41. Dog and stag beside her. 
 
 L. Verus. M. II. 185, 271. B. M. Dog and stag beside her. (D LXVI.) 
 
 S. Severus. M. S. IV. 113, 770. B. M. Dog and stag beside her. 
 
 Commod. Imh. As before. 
 
 Hadrian. M. S. IV. 82, 549. Pillar and stag beside her. 
 
 Ant. Pius. B. M. Dog running beside her. (D LXVII.) 
 
 Artemis hunting, in temple, holds torch and bow. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. St. Flor. in. 1. Dog and stag beside her. 
 
 Plautilla. On either side of temple, tree. R. and F. (D LXVIII.) 
 
 Statue of Artemis, her right hand on her hip, in her left a bow ; 
 opposite, Poseidon (?) ; before each a cippus, that of 
 
 Poseidon surmounted by a dolphin. 
 M Commodus. Imh. (D LXIX.) 
 
 The hunting Artemis in D LXVIII. must be a copy of a 
 statue in her temple ; not the archaic xoanon, but a later 
 figure such as the- Greeks from the fifth century onwards 
 commonly set up in the cella in place of the early statues, still 
 retaining the latter in the background. 
 
 The figure in 3) LXIX. would seem to be a copy of the 
 statue which stood in the baths of Eurycles near a statue of 
 Poseidon, and in the neighbourhood of his temple. On the coin 
 the figure of Poseidon is nearly obliterated : it is not indeed 
 certain that Poseidon is the deity represented : the figure seems 
 to wear a long chiton. 
 
 13. Paus. II. 2, 4. TLpb 8e T?}? 7r6Xe&>9 tcvTrapiao-cav e<n'iv 
 a\ero9 ovo/j,a6(j,evov Kpdveiov. evravda Hf\\epo<f)6v7ov 
 re ea-Ti TejJ,evo$ Kal ^A(j>po8iTrj<; vabs MeXew'&o 1 ?. Cf. 2, 8, 
 
 APHRODITE standing ; holds sceptre and apple. 
 M Auton. (Obv. Head of Lais ?) Munich. 
 
 Sabina. Imh. 
 
 Ant. Pius. Mion. n. 181, 242. 
 
 M. Aurel. Vienna. (D LXX. ) 
 
 Caracalla. Iinh. 
 
 L. Verus. B. M. 
 
 Aphrodite naked, her right hand raised to her hair. 
 M Carac. St. Florian. (D LXXI.) 
 Aphrodite in a biga drawn by Tritons. 
 & Nero. Munich. Holds mirror. 
 Agrippina, Jun. Turin. (D LXXII.)
 
 CORINTH. 19 
 
 Compare the figure of Poseidon in a similar biga mentioned above. 
 In regard to Herniogenes, Brunn remarks (Gr. Kunstler, 
 I. p. 522) that he must be assigned to the period of Greek 
 autonomy and not to the Roman age. The coins offer us no 
 safe data for further conclusions. 
 14. Paus. II. 2, 4. Kai ra</>o9 AatSo?, oS 77 \eatva l-rriOtj^d 
 
 6<m Kpiov e%ov<Ta ev 7049 TrpoTepois TTOGIV. 
 The monument of LAIS; a lioness standing over a prostrate 
 
 ram, on Doric column. 
 M Auton. Obv. Head of Lai's or Aphrodite. B. M. Imh. (E LXXIII.) 
 
 Copenhagen. (E LXXIV.) 
 
 Brera. (E LXXV.) 
 
 St. Florian. (E LXXVI.) 
 Sept. Severus. Vienna. 
 Geta. Imh. 
 
 This identification of the tomb of Lai's the Elder has long 
 been accepted, and is so certain as to be beyond dispute. On a 
 B. M. specimen not here figured Leake read on the capital of the 
 column the letters EY. . . which he supposes to be an artist's 
 name (Leake, Sufrp. Europe, p. 121). I am inclined to think 
 that the appearance of letters is fallaciousrlTncTaue merely to 
 the oxidation of the coin. But if we accept Leake's reading it 
 is likely that the word beginning Eu is not an artist's name, 
 for artists did not put their names in so conspicuous a position 
 on monuments, but some heroic name by which Lai's may 
 have been, so to speak, canonised after her death. The name 
 EY<t>PoZYNA would suit the space very well, and there is 
 certainly at the end an appearence of the letters . . . N A, as 
 well as of EY at the beginning. 
 
 The head on the obverse of the coin may be intended either 
 for Aphrodite or for Lais herself. 
 
 15. Paus. II. 2, 6. "E<7Ttv ovv eiri Trjs ayopas 
 
 " A.prefj.1^ re eTritcX-ricnv 'Ee^eoYa, KCU, K.T\. 
 ARTEMIS EPHESIA : archaic simulacrum. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 92, 626, 
 
 Sep. Severus. M. S. iv. 112, 769. Beside her, Aphrodite holding shield, 
 
 16. Paus. II. 2, 6. Kai Aiovvcrov 6ava eTri^pva-a Tr\r)v 
 7rpoa-(a7ra)v' ra Be irpoa'wjra a\oi(j)rj cr<picriv 
 KeKocr/jtijrai' A.VCTIOV Be, TOV Be Ba/c^eioz/ 
 ra Be \ej6fjieva e? TO, j~6ava Kai eyon ypdtpo). 
 Bearded DIONYSUS standing to right, fully clad, holds kantharos 
 
 and thyrsos ; at his feet, panther. 
 & Hadr. Fox. (E LXXVII.) 
 
 c 2
 
 20 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Young Dionysus, clad in short chiton, holds bunch of grapes 
 
 and thyrsos ; at his feet, panther. 
 M Ant. Pius. B. M. (B LXXVIII.) 
 Young Dionysus wearing himation about his loins and leaning 
 
 on pillar: holds kantharos and thyrsos ; at his feet, panther. 
 JE Trajan. Copenhagen. (E LXXIX.) 
 Young Dionysus clad in short chiton ; holds kantharos and 
 
 thyrsos. 
 
 M Aut. Obv. Head of Kronos. Copenhagen. (E LXXX. ) 
 Young Dionysus seated on throne, holds thyrsos erect. 
 M Ant. Pius. B. M. (E LXXXI.) 
 
 Vienna. At his feet, panther. (E LXXXII.) 
 
 17. Paus. II. 2, 8. "Ecrri 8e /cat T 1^779 vao<f. aya\f*,a op6ov 
 
 TLaptov \idov. 
 
 TYCHE standing, holding patera and cornucopiae, in hexastyle 
 temple ; before her, altar. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. St. Florian, pi. II. 19. 
 
 Tyche, holds patera, rudder, &c. 
 
 & Auton. M. S. iv. 53, 358. Holds rudder and patera over altar. 
 
 Hadrian. M. S. iv. 83, 555. Holds rudder and cornucopiae. 
 
 M. Aurel. Mion. n. 183, 257. Holds patera and rudder. 
 
 Commodus. M. S. iv. 111, 756, &c. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. Holds patera and cornucopiae. (E LXXXIII.) 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. Seated, holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 
 Sept. Sev. Imh. Seated. (E LXXXIV.) 
 
 Head of Tyche, turreted. 
 
 M Hadrian. Imh. (E LXXXV.) 
 
 Agathos Daemon : male figure holding cornucopiae. 
 GEN". COL. COR. Octavia. B. M. See below, (G CXLIII.) 
 The coin first described, that of the St. Florian Collection, is 
 unfortunately ill -preserved, and Dr. Kenner expresses doubts as 
 to the deity whom it is intended to represent. Arneth has 
 described it as Abundantia holding cornucopiae and patera ; 
 and this is the impression conveyed by the engraving in Kenner's 
 book. If so, the figure must certainly be a copy of the statue 
 of Tyche in her temple. In consequence of the condition of 
 the coin we cannot be sure as to the attributes given to Tyche ; 
 they may even be rudder and patera or cornucopiae, as in the 
 succeeding specimens. 
 
 18. Paus. II. 2, 8. 'E/tytoO re ecrnv ayd\fj,a,Ta %a\fcov p,ev teal 
 6p6a afj,(j>6Tepa, ro5 Se erepa) /cat veto? TreTrolijTai. 
 
 HERMES naked, standing. 
 
 M Hadrian. Six. Right hand on head of ram, in left caduceus. ( E LXXXVI. ) 
 Anton. Pius. B. M. Left arm rests on tree, caduceus in right. Imh. 
 (E LXXXVII.)
 
 CORINTH. 21 
 
 M. Aurel. 2tev. Beige, 1865, pi. xvn. 9. As last but one. 
 
 Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 113, 777. Holds purse and caduceus : rarn. 
 
 Caracalla. M. S. iv. 122, 834. Holds purse, caduceus, and chlamys : ram. 
 
 Hermes, clad in chlamys, carrying the child Dionysus on his 
 
 left arm. 
 IE Trajan. Mion. n. 179, 231. (E LXXXVIII.) 
 
 The coin of Antoninus (E LXXXVII.) seems to represent a statue, 
 since the scheme of a figure resting on the trunk of a tree as a 
 support is more appropriate to sculpture than to die-sinking. 
 This figure is remarkable in being entirely nude. 
 The type of the first coin, (E LXXXVI.), is closely like the 
 seated Hermes, of which we shall speak below ; indeed, so like 
 that both would seem to be work of one artist or one school, 
 probably of Imperial times. 
 
 19. Paus. II. 2, 8. Ta 8e (dya\/j.aTa) TOV Ato?, tcai ravra 
 ovra ev VTraiOpw, rb fJiev TriK\r)aiv OVK et^e, TOV Se 
 avT(t>v XOoviov KOI TOV rpirov /eaXoOcrji/ "Ti/acrTOi;. Cf. 
 4, 5, vTrep 8e TO 6earpov ecrriv iepov Ato? 
 \iov, &c. 
 
 ZEUS standing naked : holds thunderbolt and eagle. 
 M Domitian. 
 
 Anton. Pius. Inih. (E LXXXIX) 
 
 Cf. L. Veras. Mion. n. 184, 266. 
 
 Zeus running, naked, holds thunderbolt and eagle. 
 & Auton. B. M. (E xc. ) 
 
 20. Paus. II. 3, 1. 'Ey yu,ecrw Be T^? dyopas e<n\v 'Adijva 
 PALLAS standing, holds thunderbolt in right, shield in left. 
 JE Auton. Obv. Head of Poseidon. Imh. B. M. (E xcr. ) 
 Pallas holding Victory and spear ; shield and owl beside her. 
 ^E Hadrian. M. S. iv. 81, 543. Imh. (E XCli.) 
 
 Ant. Pius. M. S. iv. 86, 579/81. Arigoni, &c, Klagenfurt. (E xcm.) 
 
 Sept. Sev. M. ir. 187, 291. Altar before her, 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. Imh. Altar before her. 
 
 Sept. Sev. M. ^ iv. 112, 767. Owl before her. 
 
 Commod. Imh. Pallas holding patera and spear, face to face vrith seated 
 Poseidon. See above. (D LV. ) 
 
 Head of Pallas, helmeted. 
 
 JE Ant. Pius. M. S. iv. 86, 578. Copenh. 
 
 The altar placed before the figure of Pallas, who holds 
 Victory and spear, seems to show that this figure is a copy of a 
 statue. 
 
 This same figure in slightly varied form (patera for Victory) 
 is placed on the coin of Commodus in near proximity to Poseidon, 
 which may indicate for the original a locality near the Isthmus, 
 rather than in the agora.
 
 22 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 21. Paus. II. 3, 1. "Tirep Be rrjv dyopdv ecrriv ' 
 
 z/ao? dSe\<f>rj<i A.vyov<TTOu. 
 TEMPLE, facing, inscribed on the frieze CAESAR, AVGVSTVS or 
 
 GENT. IVLI. 
 
 1 Augustus. luih. Li via. B. M. Tiberius. B. M. (E xciv.) 
 
 The same temple (?) not inscribed, in profile. 
 
 JE Anton. Imh. (E xcv.) 
 
 Livia or Octavia seated, holds sceptre and patera. 
 
 IE Tiberius. B. M. (E xcvi.) Agrippa, Jun. B. M. 
 
 Head of Roma, turreted. 
 
 & Aut. JRev. Temple, &c. B. M. &c. 
 
 It would seem probable from comparison of the coins that the 
 temple described by Pausanias as that of Octavia was really of 
 the Gens Julia. The seated lady holding sceptre and patera 
 may be copied from the statue in this temple. In details it 
 exactly resembles the figure on the coins of Tiberius commonly 
 called Livia, but more probably really standing for a personifica- 
 tion of the Gens Julia. Such a personification would naturally 
 take the features of one of the imperial ladies, Livia or Julia or 
 Octavia. If in the Corinthian temple the cultus-statue repre- 
 sented the Gens Julia in the likeness of Octavia, then it would 
 be very natural for any visitor to suppose that the temple was 
 dedicated to Octavia. 
 
 22. Paus. 3, 2. 'E/e Se T?;? dyopas igiovrmv TTJV eVl 
 
 7rp07rv\atd tcrrt, KOI eV avrcav ap/iara 
 _ fj.ev 3>de6ovra 'HXioy TraiSa, TO Se r/ HXtov 
 
 <j>epov. 
 PROPYLAEA, surmounted by quadrigas, &e. 
 
 M Augustus. Mion. n. 172, 185. 
 Domitian. Munich. (F xcvu.) 
 Hadrian. Mion. n. 179, 230. (F xcvm,) 
 Ant. Pius. Imh. (F xcix.) 
 Commodus. Imh. (F e.) 
 M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 106, 682. Surmounted by biga. 
 
 Helios in quadriga. 
 M Nero. M. n. 176, 209. 
 
 Domitian. B. M. (F ci.) 
 
 L. Verus. Vienna. (F en.) 
 
 Caracalla. B. M. 
 
 Helios in long chiton, radiate, holds whip. 
 ^E Verus. M. IT. 184, 269. Vaillant. 
 
 23. Paus. II. 3, 2. 'Ev Sel-ia earlv 'RpaK\r)<; ^aX/coi;?. Cf. 
 4, 5, ^oapov ryvpvov 'Hpa-K\eov<i' AatSaXou & avro
 
 CORINTH. 23 
 
 HERAKLES standing. 
 
 M M. Aurel. Mion. n. 182, 252, 253. M. S. iv. 96, 653. 
 Sept. Severus. Mion. n. 187, 288. 
 Caracalla. B. M. In attitude of Glycon's statue. (F cm.) 
 
 Herakles naked, to left; club and skin in left; right hand 
 raised; to his left, Aphrodite Urania with shield, and 
 Poseidon. 
 M Commodus. Vienna. (P civ.) 
 
 As two of the deities in this group, Poseidon and Aphrodite, 
 are copied from statues, there is a presumption that the third 
 is so also. The figure of Herakles is not very distinct, but 
 it is unclad but for a lion's skin. 
 24. Paus. II. 3, 2. Mera 8e avrov ecroSo? ean TTJS Tleipijvr]s 
 
 > v </r^ 
 
 e<? TO vocap. 
 
 PEIRENE, personified as a seated nymph, rests left hand on rock, 
 holds in right, pitcher. 
 
 M Plautilla. Vienna. (F cv.) 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Imh. Behind her, snake erect, 
 
 Sept. Severus. Beside rock, dolphin. 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Before her, fountain in form of Scylla. (F CTI.) 
 
 Plautilla. Vienna. Behind her, snake erect. (F evil.) 
 
 Caracalla. Berlin. Behind her, snake erect. 
 
 L. Verus. Mill. Rec. 11. 21. Vienna. Before her, Pegasus drinking from 
 
 fountain; in background, Acrocorinthus. (F cvm.) 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Before her, Pegasus drinking from fountain ; in 
 
 background, Acrocorinthus. 
 
 As the figure of Peirene is repeated without variation during 
 several reigns, it is likely that it is copied from a statue which 
 adorned the spring. 
 25. Paus. II. 3, 2. "Ert <ye Srj KOI 'ATroAAwvo? a<ya\fj.a Trpbs 
 
 ry Heiprfvy KOI TTfpt/SoXd? eoriv, 
 APOLLO, naked, on basis, right elbow rests on term ; below, 
 
 a basin. 
 
 JE Commod. M. S. iv. 106, 721. Berlin. (F CIX.) 
 In this case there can be little doubt that we have the copy of 
 
 a statue. 
 
 26. Paus. II. 3, 4. AvOi? S' iovcriv eVt Ae%aiov rrjv e 
 ^O.\KOV^ Kadijftevos eanv 'E/J/AT}?, Trapecrrrj/ce Be oi 
 HERMES SEATED on a rock, caduceus in left, right hand on head 
 
 of ram beside him. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 94, 639. B. M. (F ex.) 
 L. Verus. Mion. n. 186, 281, 
 Caracalla. Greau, 1481. 
 Sev. Alexander. Rev. Beige, 1865, xvn. 10. 
 
 Hermes as above, seated in distyle temple. 
 JE Ant. Pius. Mion. n. 181, 246. Imh. (F cxi.)
 
 24 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 V 
 
 Hermes with caduceus, seated in round temple, on which 
 
 dolphins : on either side of temple a tree. 
 M Domna. Greau, 1479. 
 
 In the coins first described we have an unmistakable copy of 
 the statue of Hermes. The details of the coin correspond 
 altogether to the description of Pausanias : and the represen- 
 tation of the temple in which the figure sits ^completes the 
 proof. 
 27. Paus. II. 3, 5. Kprjvai Be 7ro\\al fiev ava rrjv TroXty 
 
 TreTrolrjVTai iracrav 6eas Be [Ad\iara d^ia r) Trapd 
 
 rb aya\,fjt,a TO T/}? 'ApTe/jaBo?, Kal 6 BeXXepo<^ovT7j? 
 
 7T6<TTl. 
 
 ARTEMIS SEATED on a rock, holds bow ; before her Belle- 
 rophon on Pegasus slaying Chimaera. Cf. above, under 
 
 Bellerophon. 
 JE Caracalla. A. Z. 1843, pi. ix. 13. B. M. ] 
 
 Statues of Artemis seated are quite or almost unknown. It 
 would therefore seem most reasonable to suppose that the 
 figure of Artemis on the coin is intended merely to mark the 
 locality. She is seated not on a throne but on a hill, just as we 
 should expect in a deity inserted to indicate locality. 
 28. FOUNTAINS. 
 
 M Anton. Pius. M. S. iv. 88, 596. (Fonf-ana, u. 2.) 
 
 L. Verus. M. II. 185, 272. Fountain surmounted by Scylla. Jmh. 
 
 (F cxi I.) 
 
 Commodus. Turin. Fountain surmounted by Scylla. (F cxin.) 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Fountain surmounted by "Scylla. See above, under 
 
 Peirene. 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 119, 813. Scylla between fountains. 
 Commodus. Imh. Basis on which dolphin, his tail supported by rudder. 
 
 (F cxiv.) 
 L. Verus. M. n. 185, 276. Seated lion (fountain or tomb). B. M. (F cxv.) 
 
 The coins furnish us with the designs of at least four of the 
 fountains of Corinth : (1) that surmounted by Bellerophon and 
 Pegasus (see above) ; (2) that surmounted by Scylla ; (3) that 
 surmounted by dolphin and rudder ; (4) that surmounted by 
 a lion. We may perhaps add to the list the fountain Peirene, if 
 it was surmounted by a figure of the nymph of that name. 
 Probably all these fountains were mere decorative works of 
 Roman times. 
 29. Paus. II. 4, 1. Toi) /iv^/iaro9 Be EO-TIV ov iroppw XaXtiu'- 
 
 7-1809 'A.6ijva<> lepdv TO Be dya\fj,d ol TOVTO %oavov 
 
 can, Trpoa-wTTOV Bt real ;ei/>e9 Kal aKpot, TroBes 
 \idov.
 
 CORINTH. 25 
 
 ATHENE CHALINITIS holding in right hand bridle, in left hand, 
 
 spear and shield. 
 JE Hadrian. Imh. (F cxvi.) 
 
 Probably a copy of the temple-statue, Acrolithic statues do 
 not seem to have been peculiar to any age. 
 
 30. Paus. II. 4, 5. IIpo? rovrw ro3 yvfjivaa-iw (the ancient) 
 
 vaol 06<t)v elcrlv, o p,lv Ato<? o 8e 'A.<7K\ij7rtov. ra Se ajd\- 
 iidTa, 'A.<7K\.r)7ri6<? fJikv Kal "Tjieia \V/cov \L6ov, K.T.\. 
 ASKLEPIOS and HYGIEIA (together or separate). 
 M L. Verus. B. M. Imh. Together. (F cxvn.) 
 Sabina. M. II. 180, 237. Asklepios. 
 
 Commodus. M. S. iv. 106, 724. Theup. B. M. Asklepios. 
 L. Verus. M. S. iv. 102, 693. Hygieia. 
 Gordian. M. n. 189, 308. 
 
 Asklepios (?) in a temple. 
 
 JR Nero. M. S. iv. 73, 487. 
 
 Temple, with steps ; below these, serpent. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 101, 686. Arig. n. 7, 72. Athens. (F cxvin.) . 
 
 It cannot be considered certain that this temple in antis 
 beneath which is a snake is that of Asklepios. It may be 
 a heroon : indeed from its small size and the curious way in 
 which it is erected on a basis, this seems likely. The figure in 
 the temple on the coin of Nero does not seem to be Asklepios 
 at all, but an emperor ; on similar coins of the B. M. a figure 
 clad in a toga is clearly depicted. 
 
 31. Paus. II. 4, 6. 'E<? Sr] rov 'A/cporcopivOov TOVTOV dviovaiv 
 
 ecrnv "IcrtSo9 re/ievr). 
 Isis holding sistrum and vase. 
 & Hadrian. Arig. i. 95, 39. Turin. (F cxix.) 
 
 32. Paus. II. 4, 7. 'T-Tre/j TOVTO MT/T^O? 6e&v vao$ etrrt. 
 CYBELE seated, lion beside her. 
 
 jE Anton. Pius. M. S. iv. 85, 576. 
 M. Aurel. Imh. (Fcxx.) 
 Domna. Imh. 
 
 33. Paus. II. 5, 1. \ve\6ovffL Be e? rov 'A/cpoicopivOov veto? 
 
 eariv 'A<f>po8iTr)<s, djaXf^ara Se avrrf re U)TT\I<T iikvt] Kal 
 
 APHRODITE, naked to waist, holds shield, sometimes with Eros. 
 IE Auton. Obv. Head of Aphrcdite. B. M. Eros behind her. (Gcxxi.) 
 
 Hadrian. M. n. 179, 232. Without Eros. 
 
 M. Aurel. Imh. Without Eros. 
 
 M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 94, 635. Arig. Eros beside her. 
 
 L. Verus. M. n. 185, 273. Imh. Eros beside her. (G cxxn.) 
 
 Commodus. B. M. Imh. Eros beside her. (G cxxin.) 
 
 Commodus. M. S. iv. 107, 725. Two Erotes by her. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. Two Erotes by her. (Qcxxiv.)
 
 26 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Aphrodite on AcROCORiNTHUS, without temple. 
 /E Plautilla. B. M. Luynes. (G cxxv.) 
 Aphrodite in temple on Acrocorinthus. 
 
 M Anton. Pius. M. S. iv. 87, 588. Arig. Tetrastyle temple. 
 Hadrian. Parma. Tetrastyle temple. 
 
 L. Verus. B. M. (G cxxvi.) S. Severus. B. M. Tetrastyle temple. 
 M. AureL M. n. 182, 255. Distyle temple. 
 M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 94, 634636. Distyle temple, with Eros. 
 S. Severus. M. S. IV. 113, 773. Arig. Distyle temple. 
 
 Acropolis rock ; Pegasus flying above it. 
 M Claudius. M. n. 175, 202. (G cxxvn.) 
 Temple on Acrocorinthus. 
 M Claudius. M. n. 172, 187. Imh. (Gcxxvm.) 
 Hadrian. M. n. 179, 229. B. M. (G cxxix.) 
 M. Aurel. M. S. IV. 101, 687. B. M. At foot, buildings and trees. 
 
 (Gcxxx.) Arolsen. (G cxxxi.) 
 L. Verus. M. S. iv. 104, 710. Mill. Rec. n. 20. At foot, tree; Pegasus 
 
 flying. Naples. (G cxxxn.) 
 
 Commodus. M. S. iv. 102, 765. Imh. At foot, tree ; Pegasus flying. 
 (G cxxxin.) 
 
 Aphrodite on Acrocorinthus, between two harbours (cf. above). 
 M S. Severus. B. M. Vienna. (G cxxxiv.) 
 Aphrodite Urania and Poseidon. See Poseidon. 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 94, 637. 
 Plautilla. Vienna. 
 
 Aphrodite and Herakles. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 94, 638. Arig. 
 
 Commodus. M. S. iv. 109, 739. Arig. Eros between them. St. Flor. I. 18. 
 
 Aphrodite, Poseidon, and Herakles (see above). 
 
 M Commodus. M. S. iv. 107, 728. Theup. Vienna. 
 
 This important series of coins furnishes complete proof, as 
 Imhoof has pointed out more than once (seeMonn. Grec. p. 158), 
 of the type of the statue of Aphrodite which stood on the 
 Corinthian acropolis. The figure of armed Aphrodite which 
 existed there under the Empire was no archaic figure of 
 an armed goddess, such as the Syrian Astarte, but an un- 
 mistakable Greek Aphrodite, using the shield of Ares as a 
 mirror. This is a motive natural to Roman rather than to 
 Greek art, and we may be almost sure that the statue does not 
 date from an earlier period than that of Juliug Ca3sar. Indeed 
 to his time it would be peculiarly appropriate, considering his 
 descent and pretensions. 
 
 Imhoof has also observed that Lenormant's idea that the 
 helmeted head on the early autonomous coins of Corinth is that 
 of the armed Aphrodite must be given up, seeing that 
 Pausanias is the only writer who speaks of a statue of armed
 
 CORINTH. 27 
 
 Aphrodite at Corinth, and it is certain that the figure seen 
 by him was not heltneted : there is, therefore, no evidence of the 
 existence at Corinth of a helmeted Aphrodite. 
 
 The type of Aphrodite herself is fixed and scarcely 
 varies ; no doubt it reproduces the exact scheme of the statue. 
 But the figure or figures of Eros which appear beside her 
 seem to be mere attributes, as they hold wreaths and not 
 bows. 
 
 The temple of Aphrodite is represented sometimes as tetrastyle 
 sometimes as hexastyle, sometimes as prostyle and sometimes as 
 peripteral : all of which proves that in matters of architectural 
 detail coins are not trustworthy, 
 34. OTHER TYPES at Corinth. 
 Kronos standing, holds sickle. 
 Ant. Pius. Paris. (G cxxxv.) 
 Head of Kronos, sickle over shoulder. 
 
 Auton. Copenhagen. 
 
 Hephaestus, naked to waist, tongs in left hand, 
 
 M. Aur. Imh. (G cxxxvi.) 
 
 Ares to right, holding spear and trophy. 
 
 M. Aur. Copenhagen. (G cxxxvu.) 
 
 Triptolemus on winged car drawn by serpents. 
 
 Auton. M. ii. 169, 162. (G cxxxvin. ) 
 
 Male figure seated (Populus), clad in himation, inscribed POPVL . 
 
 COL . COB. 
 
 Verus. Paris. (G cxxxix.) 
 Military female figure (Achaia ?) seated on rock, holds spear and 
 
 sword ; in front, ears of corn, 
 
 Geta. Imh. (G CXL.) 
 
 Victory flying to left. 
 
 M. Aurel. Recanier. (G CXLI.) 
 
 Victory facing. 
 
 Augustas. Imh. (GcxLii.) 
 
 Male figure, Genius, holds patera and cornucopiae, inscribed 
 
 GEN . COL . COB. 
 Auton. B. M. (Gcxi/in.) 
 Palm tree within inclosure. 
 Ant. Pius. Munich. Imh. L. Verus. B. M. (GcxLiv.) 
 
 The following in Mionnet seem to be some of the above types 
 wrongly described; Eros in quadriga; Pan holding pedum ; Pharos 
 and ship ; Head of Indian Dionysus ; Cadmus attacking serpent, 
 (see under Argos Opheltes.)
 
 ffi NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Some of the types proper to Corinth are repeated on the 
 coins of other cities. For instance, the seated Hermes, and 
 the Aphrodite of the Acropolis, are repeated on the coins of 
 Patrae. In the same way the Corinthian coins repeat the 
 Argive type of Opheltes. 
 
 SICYON. 
 
 1. Pans. II. 7, 2. A.i>Tol Se SIKVWVIOI ra 7ro\\a eoiKort 
 OaTTTOva-t. TO fAev (rw/jLa yfj KpVTrrovoi, \i6ov 8e 
 /cpijTTtSa teiovas e^tcndcri, Kal eir' 
 TTOIOVCTL Kara rot>9 aeroix* iid\i<na TOU? 
 ev rot? vaot?. 
 TOMB (va'lSiov) on basis, between two terminal figures and two 
 
 cypresses. 
 
 M S. Severus. Mion. S. iv. 169, 1123. 
 Caracalla. Imli. 
 
 Plautilla. Allier, pi. VI. 15. B. M. (Hi.) 
 Caracalla (without and with cypresses). Imh. CH.il.) 
 
 The design of the coin illustrates very well the words of 
 Pausanias. Below, we see a basis or pedestal, apparently round ; 
 on it, four pillars erected, supporting an ae'toma. In the midst 
 there seems to be a statue. It does not appear, either from 
 Pausanias' words, or from the coin, that the vaiSiov on the 
 pedestal had walls : rather it would seem that the roof rested 
 en pillars only. The terminal figures on the coin may represent 
 smaller tombs, or they may define the bounds of a temenos. The 
 cypress was sacred to Hades: see Lajard, Culte du Cyprus, 
 p. 231. 
 
 2. Paus. II. 7, 5. 'Ev Se rfj vvv aKpoir6\i Tu^? lepov <TTIV 
 'A/cpaias, p,eTa 8e avTO &.Lo<rKOvp(av. %bava Be ovrot re 
 Kal TO ayaXfjia TT}? Tv^? eVrt'. 
 
 TYCHE AKRAIA, standing, with patera and cornucopiae. 
 M J. Domna. M. S. iv. 170, 1127. 
 Plautilla. B. M. (H m.) 
 Geta. M. S. iv. 173, 1146. Imh. (With altar.) 
 
 3. Paus. II. 7, 5. Mera Se TO Bearpov kiovixrov vao<t fVrf 
 ^pucroO fjiev Kal e\(f)avTO<; 6 deos, Trapa Se avTOV J5a.K%ai 
 \idov \evvov, 
 DIONYSUS standing, holds kantharos and thyrsus, panther at 
 
 his feet. 
 
 M Domitian. M. S. iv. 169, 1122. 
 S. Severus. (H iv.) 
 Domna. B. M. (Hv.) 
 Caracalla. M. S. iv. 170, 1133. Wiczay.
 
 SICYON. 29 
 
 BACCHA or Maenad in attitude of ecstasy, holds knife. 
 
 MJ. Domna. B. M. (H vi.) Imh. (H vn.) 
 4. Paus. II. 7, 8. Ot Se TraiSas eina KOI "eras 
 7rl rbv ^vdav TTOTa^ov aTroa-T\\ovcriv 
 (yearly ceremony). 
 
 SUPPLIANT BOY (?) with raised hands, holding stemma. 
 M Autonomous. B. M. M .Alexander the Great. B. II. 
 J. Domna. Turin. (H VIH.) 
 PlautUla. B. M. (H ix.) 
 
 This figure, the attribution of which is doubtful, has greatly 
 perplexed numismatists. It has been called hitherto a bird- 
 catcher, or, as by Mliller (Alex, le Gr. p. 219), Apollo in dancing 
 attitude, holding up taenia. In numismatics the type is 
 peculiar to Sicyon : and as it recurs without variation from 
 the time of Alexander the Great to that of Plautilla, it must 
 almost certainly repeat a Sicyonian work of art. 
 
 5. Paus. II. 7, 9. T&5 ^A.7r6Xkwvi TOV 8e eV e/ioO 
 
 vaov Kal TO a<ya\iJ.a TLvdoKkrj*; aveffrjKev (cf. 9, 7, ruined 
 temple of Apollo Lycius: 10, 2, adytum of Apollo 
 Carneiuu). 
 APOLLO in citharoedic dress, holding lyre. 
 
 M Domna. Leake, SitppL 145. 
 Plautilla. M. II. 200, 381. 
 Caracalla. M. S. iv. 171, 1135. Theup. and Sestini. 
 
 It seems not improbable that the Pythocles here mentioned, 
 who is evidently regarded by Pausanias as a well-known man, 
 is the same as the Pythocles mentioned by Pliny (N. H. xxxiv. 
 51) as a famous artist of the period after Ol. 156. This clue 
 would be of value if we could be sure that the coin reproduced 
 a statue of Pythocles : but this cannot be proved. 
 6. Paus. II. 9, 6. T?;? Se ayopas earlv eV rc5 vTraiOpa) Zeus 
 %a\KOvs, Tzyvi) AVO-ITTTTOV. Cf. ecrrt Be Zei>9 MetXt^to? 
 .... crvv T)(VIJ ireTTOirjfjieva ovBe/j,ia. 
 ZEUS standing, und raped ; holds thunderbolt and sceptre. 
 M Caracalla. B. M. (H X.) 
 
 Zeus seated, holding patera and sceptre. 
 
 ^1 Geta. M. S. iv. 172, 1143. Vaillant. 
 
 The standing figure of Zeus would certainly well suit the 
 school of Lysippus : it belongs to group 11 of Overbeck's 
 arrangement (Kunsimytk., II. p. 151). Zeus is entirely undraped, 
 and of a scheme which especially befits bronze. If the Sicyonian 
 statue of Zeus Meilichius was a copy of that of Argos, it must
 
 30 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 have been seated, like the second type here cited. See below 
 under Argos. 
 
 7. Paus. II. 10, 1. 'Ey Se TQ> yvftvafffrp rfc ayopds ovn ov 
 
 jjbaKpav 'Hpa/c\?}9 dvdtceiTai \idov, ^KOTTCI Tro/^/u-a. "Eo-rt 
 8e Kal erepwdi lepov 'Hpa/cXeot^. 
 HERAKLES standing, holds apples (?) and club ; lion's skin over 
 
 left arm. 
 ^Geta. B. M. (H xi.) 
 
 The figure of Herakleson the coin is unfortunately indistinct : 
 but the deity seems to be unbearded, and of somewhat slight build. 
 
 8. Paus. II. 10, 2. '9 Se TO 'Acr/tXijTrielov ecriovcn ...... 
 
 ,d ecrrt (cf. 11, 
 
 PAN walking, holds goblet, and goat by the horns. 
 
 .! Plautilla. Imh. (H xn.) 
 
 9. Paus. II. 10, 2. To 'Aa-KXiyn-ietov ...... ecreXOovai Be 
 
 6 #609 ecrrtv OVK e^wv yeveia, %pv(rov Kal e\<f>avros f 
 Ka\a/ztSo9 Se epyov e%ei 6*e /cat a/cfJTTTpov, Kal eirl rrj<: 
 erepas %eipb<; TTITVOS Kapirov rfjs r/ftepov. Cf. 11,6, Statue 
 of Hygieia (archaic). 
 
 ASKLEPIOS standing, with usual attributes. 
 
 M Caracalla. M. S. iv. 170, 1131. (Vaill.) 
 Domna. (H xin.) 
 
 Hygieia standing. 
 
 ^E Geta. M. n. 201, 382. B. M. (H xiv.) 
 
 10. Paus. II. 10, 4. Mera TOVTO rjSr) TO r^9 'A^poSiTTis ecrrlv 
 
 lepov ...... TO pev Br) aya\/J,a Kadij/^evov 
 
 ^iKV(t)Vio<; eTrotrja-ev . . . '. . TreTrolrjvrai Se eK re 
 Kal \e(f>avro<;, (frepovcra 67rl rfj Ke<j>a\fj TTO\OV' 
 Se e%ei ry fj,ev ftiJKWva T$ 8e erepa p,r]\ov. 
 APHRODITE standing, in attitude of Venus de' Medici. 
 
 M S. Severus. Bologna. Beside her Eros on basis, holding torch. (H XV.) 
 Domna. Arch. Z. 1869. pi. xxni. 7. Imh. Beside her dolphin. (H xvi.) 
 
 DOVE. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 11. Paus. II. 10, 7. 'Ez/ Sej;ia <&epaia<i lepov 'ApT[u&o<;' KO/J.I- 
 
 a-drjvai &e TO %6avov \e<yova-iv e'/c <J>e/>wv. Cf. 9, 6, Artemis 
 Patroa; 7, 6, Artemis Limnaea; 10, 2, T$ 
 
 ARTEMIS, clad in long chiton and mantle, with torches in her 
 
 raised hands. 
 .35 Geta. Dresden. (H xvii.) Imh. (H xviii.)
 
 SICYON. 31 
 
 Similar figure, in temple. 
 
 M Caracalla. Paris. (H xix.) 
 
 There can be little doubt that we have in this figure a copy 
 of the statue which stood in the temple of Artemis Pheraea. 
 We are told that it was brought from Pherae. The coins of 
 Pherae, from the fourth century onwards, present us with a 
 female figure holding two torches or one torch, which may be 
 meant for Artemis, but more probably represents Hecate, a 
 deity greatly worshipped in the south of Thessaly. But the 
 distinction is not important, as the torch-bearing Artemis and 
 Hecate are closely allied. 
 
 12. Paus. II. 11, 2. Kara/SaiVoucri St &>9 ejrl TO TreSiOV lepov 
 (TTIV evravQa A^/y^Tpo?' ISpvo-ai Be <f)aaiv aino 
 
 DEMETER seated on throne, wears polos, holds ears of corn in 
 
 each hand. 
 
 JE Sep. Severus. Imh. (H xx.) 
 The throned figure of the coins has much of the air of the 
 
 cultus statue of a temple. 
 13. Paus. II. 11, 1. Nao9 eartv 'A0r)i>a<; (cf. 12, 1, Temple of 
 
 Athene at Titane). 
 
 PALLAS standing ; holds lance and buckler. 
 M Caracalla. M. S. iv. 170, 1130. Vaill. 
 
 14. OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Serapis and Cerberus. 
 Eros with torch. 
 Nike. 
 
 PHLIUS. 
 1. Paus. II. 12, 4. 'A<7&>7ro9 .... egevpe TOV iroTapov TO 
 
 vw. 
 
 Butting BULL (type of river or of Dionysus, see below). 
 M Anton. B. M. (H i.) 
 
 2. Paus. II. 13, 3. TTJV Se Oeov 979 earl TO lepov ol fiev 
 
 TavvftijSav, ol 8e v&Tepov "Hfirjv 
 
 Head of HEBE (?), hair rolled. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (H I.) 
 
 This attribution is not certain, but highly probable. The 
 character of Hebe's head is not unlike that of Hera, but younger 
 and less dignified. She wears no ornaments, but her hair is 
 simply rolled at the back.
 
 32 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 3. Paus. II. 13, 5. "EaTtyap teal 'Apre'/uSo? tvravBa 
 
 aryoAyLta, o e(f>areTO ap^aiov elvat /tot. 
 ARTEMIS hunting, with dog. 
 
 M Geta. Rev. Beige, 1860, pL n. 9. 
 
 4. Paus. II. 13, 5. KaTtovTcav Be e'/c TTJS a/cpoTroXeco? ecrriv 
 
 'Aa-KXrjTTiov vao9 e^ fiesta, KOI aya\/j.a OVK e^ov TT<W yeveia. 
 ASKLEPIOS standing, bearded, with attributes. 
 M S. Severus. M. S. iv. 159, 1044. Journ. of Hell. Stud. iv. 50. 
 Caracalla. M. n. 198, 3(58. 
 
 5. Paus. II. 13, 7. Atovvcrov afylcnv lepov etrnv ap^atov. 
 Bull butting (Dionysus ?). Ivy : grapes. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 Head of Dionysos. Rev., Bull butting and thyrsos. 
 
 M Auton. Imh. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPE. Tyche sacrificing at altar : holds patera and 
 
 cornucopiae. 
 M Plautilla. B. M. Sept. Sev. Geta. 
 
 CLEONAE. 
 
 1. Paus. II. 15, 1. 'Ei>Ta)#a eariv lepov 'A^va?, TO 8e 
 
 aya\fj,a ^KyAAtSo? re^vr) KOI AtTrotVou. 
 
 ATHENE standing, holds lance and shield (archaic). 
 
 M Geta. M. n. 237, 58. B. M. (H I.) Of. Caved. Spie. 105. 
 
 The Athene of the coin seems an interesting record of the 
 archaic statue of Dipoenus and Scyllis, whom Pliny gives to the 
 50th Olympiad, and who were among the first to produce 
 national Greek types of various divinities. The present coin- 
 type represents a figure of Athene retaining the pose of the still 
 older Palladia, but far more refined in detail. The helmet is 
 larger, the aegis on the breast worked out ; folds appear in the 
 chiton, and the feet are articulate. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Eagle on altar. (See Argos.) 
 
 Asklepios seated with dog (cf. Epidaurus). 
 
 Isis, holds sistrum and vase. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. 
 
 Isis Pharia. 
 
 Carac. St. Flor. pi. in. 19. 
 
 Tyche, holds patera and cornucopiae, at altar. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. (H n.) 
 
 Artemis accompanied by hound. 
 Horse ridden by human head. 
 
 Domna. B. M.
 
 ARGOS. 35 
 
 The peacock on Hadrian's coin is probably a copy of his 
 anathema : that on the later coin may be a merely conventional 
 representation. 
 
 ARGOS. 
 
 8. Paus. II. 18, 1, 'E/c ^/[VKIJVWV 8e e<t "Apyo? ep^o/ievacs ev 
 
 dpiarepa Hepae'cos Trapa Trjv 686f eariv rjpwov. 
 PERSEUS standing, holding Gorgoneion in right, harpa and 
 
 chlamys in left. 
 M Hadrian. Imh. (I xvii.) 
 
 L. Verus. B. M. (I xvm.) Also Mioii. S. iv. 246, 66. 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Also Mion. 5. iv. 249, 86. 
 Valerianns. M. S. iv. 255, 124. 
 
 Perseus facing, holds in right harpa, in left Gorgoneion, above 
 shield, which rests on cippus. 
 
 S. Severus. Imh. (I xix.) 
 
 S. Severus. Imh. Choix, pi. n. 67. To right, Pallas turning away. (I xx. ) 
 
 Head of Perseus, winged ; in front, harpa. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Venice. (I xxi.) 
 
 The type of Perseus (I xvii. xvin.), which is repeated with- 
 out variation from the time of Hadrian to that of Severus 
 should be copied from a statue. 
 
 9. Paus. 19, 3. 'Apyeiot? 8^ rwv ev rrj TroXet TO eV^ave- 
 
 a-rarov ea-riv 'A7roXX<wz>o<? itpbv AVKIOV' TO /ztV ovv 
 aya\fj,a TO e<j> r]fj.a)v 'Arra^ov 'iroirnia rjv 'AQrjvatov 
 (cf. Brunn, Gr. Kunstler, I. p. 558 ; Attalus' date is 
 unknown). 
 
 APOLLO, naked, left arm resting on pillar, in right, twig 
 (Lycius T) 
 
 M Verus. M. S. iv. 245, 63. 
 
 Cf. Paus. II. 19, 8. 'ETTI TOUTO^ e<rrlv 'A-rroXXtov 'Ajviv<;. 
 24, 1. Nao9 'A7roAA<wi/09 .... TO 8e (iya\.fj,a TO vvv 
 %CI\KOVV eorlif opdov, AetpaStaJT?;? 'ATroXXwi/ ica\ov- 
 
 Apollo advancing, naked, drawing arrow from quiver. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. n. 235, 45. 
 
 Apollo in Citharoedic costume. 
 
 M Verus. B. M. Holds lyre and patera. (I xxn.) 
 
 S. Severus. M. S. iv. 247, 76. Holds lyre and plectrum. 
 
 Caracalla. Imh. Holds lyre and plectrum. (I xxm ) 
 
 Plautilla. Sest. Mw. Hcd. p. 137, 40. Holds lyre and plectrum. 
 
 J. Domna. M. S. iv. 251, 102. Holds lyre and patera. 
 
 Plautilla. Imh. Holds lyre and patera. (I xxiv.) 
 
 Head of Apollo : Wolf : tripod. 
 ^E Auton. B. M. 
 
 D 2
 
 32 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 3. Paus. II. 13, 5. "EcrTt7ap ical 'Apre/uSo? evravda 
 
 ayaX./j.a, o e'^atrero ap^aiov elvat [tot. 
 ARTEMIS hunting, with dog. 
 
 M Geta. Rev. Bclgc, 1860, pi. n. 9. 
 
 4. Paus. II. 13, 5. KTt(Wa>z> Se e/c rfjs a/cpoTroXeoj? ecnw 
 'A<TK\r)TTiov vao9 ey Sef ta, *al cryaX/ua. ovtc e^ov TTW yeveia. 
 ASKLEPIOS standing, bearded, with attributes. 
 M S. Severus. M. S. iv. 159, 1044. Journ. of Hell. Stiid. iv. 50. 
 Caracalla. M. n. 198, 3ti8. 
 
 5. Paus. II. 13, 7. Atoz/i/crou crfyicriv lepov ecrnv dp%atov. 
 
 Bull butting (Dionysus ?). Ivy : grapes. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 Head of Dionysos. Rev., Bull butting and thyrsos. 
 
 M Auton. Imh. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPE. Tyche sacrificing at altar : holds patera and 
 cornucopiae. 
 
 M Plautilla. B. M. Sept. Sev. Geta. 
 
 CLEONAE. 
 1. Paus. II. 15, 1. 'EyTa{!#a ea-nv lepov 'AQyvas, TO 8e 
 
 dja\na 2tKv\\iBo<; re^vr) teal AtTrotVoy. 
 ATHENE standing, holds lance and shield (archaic). 
 M Geta. M. n. 237, 58. B. M. (H I.) Cf. Caved. Spic. 105. 
 
 The Athene of the coin seems an interesting record of the 
 archaic statue of Dipoenus and Scyllis, whom Pliny gives to the 
 50th Olympiad, and who were among the first to produce 
 national Greek types of various divinities. The present coin- 
 type represents a figure of Athene retaining the pose of the still 
 older Palladia, but far more refined in detail. The helmet is 
 larger, the aegis on the breast worked out ; folds appear in the 
 chiton, and the feet are articulate. 
 2. OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Eagle on altar. (See Argos.) 
 
 Asklepios seated with dog (cf. Epidaurus). 
 
 Isis, holds sistrum and vase. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. 
 
 Isis Pharia. 
 
 Carac. St. Flor. pi. in. 19. 
 
 Tyche, holds patera and cornucopiae, at altar. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. (H n.) 
 
 Artemis accompanied by hound. 
 
 Horse ridden by human head. 
 
 Domna. B. M.
 
 ARGOS. 35 
 
 The peacock on Hadrian's coin is probably a copy of his 
 anathema : that on the later coin may be a merely conventional 
 representation. 
 
 ARGOS. 
 8. Paus. II. 18, 1, 'E/c ^AvKr/vwv Se e? "Ap7o<? ep^o^evotf; ev 
 
 dpicrrepa Hepo-co)? trapa rrjv 686 v cmv rjpyov. 
 PERSEUS standing, holding Gorgoneion in right, harpa and 
 
 chlamys in left. 
 M Hadrian. Imh. (I xvil.) 
 
 L. Verus. B. M. (I xvni.) Also Miou. S. iv. 246, 66. 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. Also Mion. 5. iv. 249, 86. 
 Valerianus. M. S. iv. 255, 124. 
 
 Perseus facing, holds in right harpa, in left Gorgoneion, above 
 shield, which rests on cippus. 
 
 S. Severus. Imh. (I xix.) 
 
 S. Severus. Imh. Choix, pi. n. 67. To right, Pallas turning away. (I xx. ) 
 
 Head of Perseus, winged ; in front, harpa. 
 M Ant. Pius. Venice. (I xxi.) 
 
 The type of Perseus (I XVIL xvni.), which is repeated with- 
 out variation from the time of Hadrian to that of Severus 
 should be copied from a statue. 
 
 9. Paus. 19, 3. 'Apyeiois S v T&V ev rfj Tr6\et TO eTnfyave- 
 crrarov etmv 'A7r6XX<uz/o<? tepoc A.VKLOV' TO /j.tv ovv 
 cryaX/Lia TO e(f> TJ/J-MV 'A.TT(i\ov 'iroi^^a TJV 'AOrjvaiov 
 (cf. Brunn, Gr. Kunstler, I. p. 558 ; Attains' date is 
 unknown). 
 APOLLO, naked, left arm resting on pillar, in right, twig 
 
 (Lycius T) 
 
 M Verus. M. S. iv. 245, 63. 
 
 Cf. Paus. II. 19, 8. 'E?ri TOUTOI? ea-rlv 'A-rroXXeoi' 'Ayvteix;. 
 24, 1. Nao<? 'A7roAA&>i'0'? .... TO Be a<ya\/J,a TO vvv 
 %a\KOVV eoriv opdov, AetpaStaJT?;? 'AvroXXeoy aXou- 
 Atei/09. 
 
 Apollo advancing, naked, drawing arrow from quiver. 
 M M. Aurel. M. n. 235, 45. 
 Apollo in Citharoedic costume. 
 M Verus. B. M. Holds lyre and patera. (I xxn.) 
 
 S. Severus. M. S. iv. 247, 76. Holds lyre and plectrum. 
 Caracalla. Imh. Holds lyre and plectrum. (I xxm ) 
 Plaiitilla. Sest. Mus. ffcd. p. 137, 40. Holds lyre and plectrum. 
 J. Domna. AI. S. iv. 251, 102. Holds lyre and patera. 
 Plautilla. Imh. Holds lyre and patera. (I xxiv.) 
 
 Head of Apollo : Wolf : tripod. 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 D 2
 
 36 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 10. Pans. II. 19, 4-7. Bo#po<?, TreTroirj/jieva ev ri'Tra) Tavpov 
 fj,d^r}V e%a)i> Kal \VKOV, <rvv 6e avrols irapdevov d( 
 TreTpav eVt TOI> -ravpov. 
 Battle of bull and wolf. 
 
 & Auton. Imh. Bootien u. Argos, p. 55, No. 17. 
 11. Paus. II. 20, 1. "A.<ya\fj,d e'crrt /caOrj/Juevov Ato<? 
 
 \i6ov \ev/cov, TLo\vK\irov Se epyov. 
 
 Of. 19, 7. Ato? oavov. 19, 8. BCO/AO? 'Tertoy Aid?. 20, 6. 
 Ato<? tepov StuT^po?. 21, 2. At "5 ^u^'ou /S&j^o?. 22, 2. 
 "A.'yaXfj.a ap^aiov Ato?. 24, 3. 'E?r' a'/cpa Se eart T^ 
 Aapia-rj Ato? eTriK\r)cnv A.api<ralov i/ao? .... TO Se 
 
 ayakpa %v\ov, K.T.\ evravda 
 
 Kal a'XXa /cat Zev<? j~6avov, Svo pep f/ 
 6(f)6a\nov<;, rpirov Se eVt roO /xerwTroi;. 
 ZEUS seated, holds patera and sceptre. 
 & Anton. Pius. M. S, iv. 242, 42. 
 M. Aurelius. M. S. iv. 244, 55. 
 L. Verus. (Kxxv.) 
 
 Zeus seated, holds eagle or Victory. 
 
 & Sept. Severus. Holds eagle. 
 
 Plautilla. Holds victory. Mion. n. 235, 50. (Kxxvi.) 
 
 Zeus striding, naked, holds eagle and thunderbolt. 
 M Plautilla. M. S. iv. 253, 112. Sestiui. 
 Head of Zeus. 
 
 M Hadrian. M. S. iv. 240, 28. Imh. (Kxxvn.) 
 L. Verus. M. S. iv. 245, 58. 
 
 Paus. II. 20, 3. TOVTCOV 8" uTravrt/cpv Ne/ietou Ato? e'ortv 
 
 lepov, a<ya\/jua opdov ^aXicovv, re^vr) Ava~i7T7rov. 
 Zeus, naked, standing, sceptre in right hand : eagle at his feet. 
 & Hadrian. B. M. 
 
 M. Aurelius. Imh. (K xxvm.) 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. &c. 
 
 J. Domna. M. S. iv. 251, 99. Plautilla. M. S. iv. 253, 113. 
 
 The number of statues of Zeus at Argos is so large that it is 
 not possible to be sure whether we have copies of any of them 
 on coins. It is possible that the type first described (K xxv.) 
 may reproduce the figure of the Zeus Meilichius ; and the type 
 of the head of Zeus is decidedly fine and early ; we may suspect 
 it to be a reminiscence of the head of Polycleitus' statue. With 
 more confidence we may suppose that the standing Zeus of the 
 coins (K xxvm.) is a copy of Lysippus' statue ; for in this case 
 the coin-type persists practically unchanged through several 
 reigns.
 
 ARGOS. 37 
 
 But in all these cases the evidence of copying is internal 
 rather than external ; we therefore prefer to leave the matter 
 for future discussion. 
 12. Paus. II. 20, 3. Hepav 8e rov Ne/iet'ou Ato9 T 1^779 eariv 
 
 K TraXaiordrov vao9, el 8rj, &c. 
 TYCHE standing, holds cornucopiae. 
 
 M Auton. Third century, B.C. B. 11. Holds patera and cornucopiae. (Kxxix.) 
 M. Aurelius. Imh. Holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 L. Verus. II. S. IV. 246, 65. Holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 S. Severus. II. II. 235, 47. Holds patera and cornucopiae. At her feet 
 
 altar. 
 
 Domna. Imh. Geta. M. n. 236, 51. Holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 Domna. Rev. Beige, 1860, pi. n. 12. Holds rudder and cornucopiae. 
 Caracalla. Imh. Turreted, holding sceptre and cornucopiae. (K xxx.) 
 
 Head of Tyche, turreted. 
 & Ant. Pius. 11. n. 234, 41. (K xxxi.) 
 11. Aurelius. II. S. IV. 244, 57. 
 
 13. Paus. II. 19, 6. To, 8e 6ava ' A(ppo8iTr)<: ical f Epfj,ov, TO 
 /AW 'ETreiov Xeyova-iv epyov elvai, K.T.\. Cf. 19, 7. Kai, 
 'Ep/z^? e? \vpas Troirjcriv %e\a)Vijv ^p/eco?. 
 HERMES standing, right arm resting on trunk of tree, in left 
 
 caduceus and chlamys. 
 
 JE Sept. Severus. Imh. (K xxxu.) Florence. (Kxxxm.) 
 Apparently a copy of a statue. 
 
 14. Paus. II. 20, 3. TlXrjeiov 8e eiatv eTreipyaa-fievoi 
 \ida) KXeo/3t? KCU BITOJJ/, avroi re eA,oz/Te? rrjv 
 afjLa^av ical CTT' avrf) ayovres rrjv /j,r)Tepa e? TO 
 'Hpalov. 
 
 CLEOBIS and BITON drawing their mother in a chariot. 
 M Domna. Copenhagen. (Kxxxiv.) 
 Plautilla. Arch. Z. 1869, pi. 23, 9. 
 
 Dr. Friedlander has already (Archdol. Zeit. 1869, p. 98) 
 brought this numismatic type into connexion with the words of 
 Pausanias. But various treatments of the group may, of course, 
 have been familiar to the die-sinker, and there is nothing to 
 prove that he copied the relief seen by the Traveller. 
 15. Paus. n. 21, 1. "Eo-Ti Se vao? 'A<TK\v)Trt,ov. Cf. 23, 4 
 
 below. 
 
 ASKLEPIOS standing, with usual attributes. 
 M Sept. Severus. Imh. (K xxxv.) 
 
 16. Paus. II. 21, 9. To Se iepov T^<? A^TOU? ea-n pev ov 
 TOV rpOTraiov, Te%wr) 8e TO a<ya\p>a HpaiT6\ov<;' 
 Se eiKOva Trapa rfj deo) T?)? TrapOevov
 
 38 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 LETO, right hand raised to shoulder, the left extended over 
 small figure of CHLORIS. 
 
 M M. Aurelius. Imh. (K xxxvi.) 
 
 Sept. Severus. Imh. Choix, pi. n. 68. (Kxxxvu.) 
 
 J. Domna. B. M. (K xxxvm.) Milliiigcn, kiyll. pi. in. 32. 
 
 Caracalla. Rev. Beige, 1860, pi. in. 1. 
 
 The same group in a temple. 
 
 M Anton. Pius. M. S. iv. 243, 48. Wiczay, xvn. 379. 
 
 This is a clear instance of the copying on coins of a statue, 
 and very instructive. One coin figured (K XXXVII.) differently 
 represents the action of Leto's right hand, Avhich clearly, on the 
 later coins, seems raised to a quiver on her shoulder. On this 
 coin also the head of Leto is turned to the left, on the other 
 coins to the right. But it is easy to see that these slight varia- 
 tions only arise from the fact that in the case of the first coin the 
 artist made an attempt to represent the statue from the front, 
 while in the case of the later coins it is depicted in profile. Com- 
 bining our representations we can form a fairly complete notion 
 of the statue of Praxiteles. Leto stood clad in a long chiton with 
 diplois, holding some object (a torch ?) in her left hand, and 
 raising her right to her shoulder. The small figure of Chloris 
 was close to her elbow, clad like the goddess herself. 
 17. Paus. II. 22, 1. 'AvriKpv 8e rov yctv^/iaio? r&v yvvai/cwv 
 fa-riv iepov eTriicXrjaiv TIeXaa-yiSos. Cf. 18, 3. 
 MUCT/CK? Iepov. 21, 4. Remit rov Hvppov TO, 
 o&ra v TO) lepat TT}? A^'/i^Tpo?. 
 
 DEMETER standing. 
 
 jE Hadrian. M. S. iv. 241, 34. Wiczay, pi. xvn. 378. Holds sceptre and 
 
 ears of corn. 
 
 Hadrian. M. S. IV. 241, 33. Holds sceptre and poppy head. 
 Ant. Tins. M. S. iv. 243, 49. Paris. Holds in both hands ears of corn 
 
 and poppy heads. 
 L. Verus. M. S. iv. 245, 64. Vaillant. Holds in both hands ears of corn 
 
 and poppy heads. 
 S. Severus. M. S. iv. 247, 77. Mus. Font. Holds in both hands ears ot 
 
 corn and poppy heads. 
 J. Domna. M. S. iv. 251, 104 .Turin. Holds in both hands ears of corn 
 
 and poppy heads. (Kxxxix.) 
 Plautilla. M. S. iv. 253, 114. Holds in both hands ears of corn and 
 
 poppy heads. 
 M. Aurelius. Imh. Holds in both hands ears of corn and poppy heads. 
 
 18. Paus. II. 22, 5. Mera 8e ravra AiocrKovpwv vao9. 
 
 The DIOSCURI on horseback. 
 
 M S. Severus. Mion. S. iv. 248, 85. Wiczay, pi. xvn. 382. 
 19. Paus. II. 22, 6. H\i)(riov 8% rwv 'Avditrav EtXi?0vz? eVrtz> 
 iepov dvddrjfAa 'EA-e^iy?. (cf. 18, 3. 'lepov ianv EtXei^uta?)-
 
 ARGOS. . 39 
 
 EILEITHUIA, holding in each hand a torch, one raised, one lowered. 
 
 M Commodus. M. S. iv. 246, 71. (Arig. n. 31, 210.) 
 
 M. Aurelius. Berlin. Two such figures, each with quiver at back, an altar 
 between them. (K XL.) 
 
 The reason for supposing this type to represent Eileithuia 
 lies in the fact that there is a type almost identical at Aegium 
 in Achaia, which reproduces a statue of Eileithuia accurately 
 described by Pausanias (vil. 23, 5), rats %epcrt rv fj,ev e? evOv 
 eKrerarat, rfj Se dve%ei SdSa. The quiver might seem more 
 appropriate to Artemis ; but she could scarcely be, like 
 Eileithuia, duplicated. 
 
 20. Paus. II. 22, 7. liepav ea-rlv 'E/car?;? vao<?, ^KOTTU Se TO 
 epjov' TOVTO fjiev \idov, TO, & dTraiTii 
 KOL raVTa a^aX/xara, TO fjttv IloXu/cXeiro? e 
 TO Se ttSeX<6? TIo\VK\eiTov NavKvSijs Mo^coyo?. 
 HECATE triformis. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Leake, Eur. Gr. p. 20. 
 
 Sabina. M. S. iv. 242, 41. (Mus. Font. pi. n. 17,) Munich. (KxLl.) 
 
 21. Paus. II. 22, 9. 'Ev Se ro5 7u/ivacriw TW Kv~\,apd/3ov 
 KaTraveta ecnlv 'AOrjvd. Cf. 21, 3. 'A^va? Se iSpv- 
 craaQai ^0X7747709 lepov fyacnv 'Hyetetov. 
 ATHENE standing, holding patera, shield, and spear. 
 M Hadrian. M. S. iv. 240, 27. 
 Athene with Perseus. See Perseus. 
 
 22. Paus. II. 24, 3. 'E?r aiepa Se e<rrt TTJ Aaplcrr) 
 
 Se z/ao? ea-Tt 6ea<i aio<i. Cf. 24, 2. ToO 
 Se 'ATroXXwfos e^erat fiev lepov 'AQrjvds 
 Ka\ovfjLevr)<; Ato^Sou? dva6f]^a- 23, 5. 
 
 Aeyovcn, d<ya\^a KelcrOai, irapd afyiaw 'AOrjvd? 
 
 TO eKKo^KrOev e 'IXtou. 
 Archaic PALLADIUM. 
 
 M M Auton. Fourth century. B. M. 
 
 ^E Verus. M. S. iv. 245, 60. Arig. iv. 50, 9. 
 
 Palladium in temple on the Larissa. 
 jE Antoninus Pius. Imh. B. M. (K XLII. ) 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 251, 100. Arig. 
 
 DlOMEDES' advancing, holds sword and Palladium. 
 M Auton. Fourth century. B. M. Imh. (KxLin.) 
 Auton. Fourth century. B. M. At his feet swan. 
 jE Anton. Pius. Imh. (K XLIV.) M. S. iv. 244, 52, 53. 
 
 Diomedes, sword, in hand, standing before statue of Pallas, on 
 which he lays hands. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Mus. Font. I. p. 66, 21.
 
 40 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Diom-edes seated on altar, his leg bent under him, holds sword 
 
 and Palladium. 
 M Hadrian. B. M. (K XLV.) 
 
 It would seem from the not very clear language of Pausanias, 
 that there was a temple of Athene Oxyderkes on the slope of 
 the Acropolis-hill, and another of Athene on the summit. In 
 one of these temples would be probably the statue supposed to 
 have been brought by Diomedes from Ilium. A priori one 
 would naturally suppose this statue to have been in the temple 
 first mentioned, said to have been dedicated by Diomedes. But 
 the coins appear to prove that this was not the case ; but that 
 the Ilian Palladium was set up in the temple on the summit of 
 the hill. For the archaic image of Pallas, which on some coins 
 (K XLIII.) Diomedes carries, is identical in details with the 
 image represented on other coins (K XLII.) as occupying the 
 temple on the Acropolis. In form it is an ordinary archaic 
 Palladium, representing the goddess as stiff and erect, holding 
 a spear in her raised right hand, and a shield on her left arm. 
 Below, the figure passes into a mere column. 
 23. Paus. II. 23, 1. Nao<? ecrrtv ev Sefta Atofuo-ov TO be 
 
 afyaX/ia elvai \eyov(Tii> e Eu/3oi'a<? (ancient). Cf. 23, 7. 
 
 Aiovvaov vao<; Kprja-iov, and 24, 7. 
 
 DIONYSUS standing ; holds kantharos and thyrsos. 
 M Hadrian. M. n. 234, 40. (K XLVI.) 
 
 Hadrian. M. S. iv. 241, 35. With panther. 
 
 Commodus. M. S. iv. 246, 68. 
 
 Caraoalla. M. S. iv. 252, 107. 
 
 This representation of Dionysus is of a very unusual type. 
 The god appears to be beardless, though this is not certain. He 
 is enveloped in the folds of an ample himation, and holds an 
 upright thyrsos in his left hand. 
 24. Paus. II. 23, 4. To 8' eTn^avecnarov 'Ap<yeloi<; rtav 
 
 TTIOV \iQov \evKOV, KOL Trap' avrov evrrjicev "Tyieia" 
 Se KOI ol Troirja-avres TO, ayd\fj,ara, Se 
 
 A.SKLEPIOS seated on throne; in front of him. snake. 
 M Sept. Severus. B. M. (K XLVII.) 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 251, 103. Wiczay, xvn. 387. 
 
 Valerian. M. S. iv. 255, 125. 
 
 HYGIEIA standing, her right hand extended over an altar, around 
 
 which twines a snake; in her left, patera. Cf. Tyche above. 
 JR Geta. Imh. M. S. iv. 253, 116. (K XLVIII.)
 
 ARGOS. 41 
 
 Xenophilus and Strato lived probably late in the - third 
 century B.C., if we may judge from a tablet bearing their names 
 published by Ross, Inscr. Ined. I. No. 58, in which we find the 
 forms A and o. There seems every probability that the coins 
 reproduce their types of the Asklepios and Hygieia. Both are 
 very unusual. The Asklepios is apparently a copy of the statue 
 of Thrasymedes at Epidaurus, and is of thoroughly Pheidian 
 type. The Hygieia is an interesting and remarkable type, differ- 
 ing, I think, from all known statues of the goddess. She is 
 clad in a long chiton, and wears an overdress, of which the end 
 hangs over her left arm. 
 
 25. Paus. II. 23, 7. Kardyeow ol/coBofjLTjfMa, eV avra) Se rjv 
 6 %a\Kov<; 6d\a/u,os, ov ^ Aicpicrios Trore CTTI (frpovpa TT}? 
 Qvyarpos eirolrjcre. 
 
 DANAE receiving the golden shower, seated on throne. 
 Hadrian. B. M. (L XLIX.) 
 
 Although this is probably the only appearance of Danae on 
 coins, the attribution is fairly certain. Danae's face is turned 
 upwards ; her bosom is bare, her extended hands grasp the ends 
 of her garment. Parallel representations on vases and in wall 
 paintings may be found in Overbeck, Kunstmyth., II. p. 406. 
 26. Paus. II. 24, 1. 'Aviovrwv Be e'<? TTJV A/cpo-TroXtf e<m fikv 
 
 H)? ' A/c/acu'a? f 'H/3a<? TO lepov. 
 Head of JUNO Lanuvina in goat-skin (?). 
 J5 Sept. Severus. Mus. Font. n. pi. v. 14. 
 27. Paus. II. 24, 2. To o-TaSiov, ev o5 rov dywva T&> Ne/ie/&> 
 
 Ati Kal TO, 'Hpaia ayova-tv. 
 Wreath of HERAEA. See also Nemea. 
 
 ^E Sept. Severus. Leake, Add. 157. Arch. Z. 1843, p. 151. (H P A I A, palm. ) 
 Sept. Severus. Kenner, St. Florian, pi. in. 6. (HP A I A, shield.) 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 252, 106. HP6A. 
 Gets. M. S. iv. 254, 117. Arigoni(?) 
 
 28. Paus. II. 24, 2. Teov Al^vjrrov TratBcov .... ^vfj^a. ^wpt? 
 u.ev yap a-rro rwv a-copdruiv evravda al tce<f>a\ai. 
 
 A DAUGHTEK of DANAUS, holding in each hand a head. 
 M Ant. Pius. M. S. iv. 243, 46. 
 
 This description is scarcely to be relied on ; the figure may be 
 a Maenad, or Demeter, holding ears of corn in each hand. 
 29. Paus. II. 25, 1. Kara JMCV Srj TOVTO 'A</jooYT77<? xetrat 
 %6avov, 77730? 8e rf\Lov Suoyia? "Apeco?. elvai SI ra 
 Ho\vveiKov<; \eyovcriv
 
 42 NUMISMATIC COMMENTAKY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 ARES standing to right helmeted ; holds in left hand, 
 
 branch (?). 
 M Hadrian. Leake, Eur. p. 20. 
 
 Antinous. M. S. iv. 242, 40. (Gotha.) 
 S. Severus. (L L- ) 
 APHRODITE standing to left, in long drapery ; with right hand 
 
 drawing forward her veil; before her, dolphin. 
 JE Ant. Pius. Verus. Imh. (LLi.) 
 
 The dolphin may refer to the river Charadrus which flowed 
 close to the temple. The figure of Aphrodite is stiff and 
 archaic, and closely draped. 
 30. OTHER TYPES at Argos : 
 Isis standing, holds sistrum and vessel. 
 
 JF, Hadrian. Munich. 
 Mamaea. Imh. 
 
 Isis seated, suckling Horus (?) 
 M Hadrian. B. M. (L LII. ) 
 
 Female figure with wheel on hand (Nemesis ?). 
 
 JE Sep. Severus. M. S. iv. 248, 79/80. 
 Oaracalla. Wicz. xvn. 386. 
 
 Female figure holding wheel on basis. 
 
 M Sep. Severus. Imh. (L LIII.) M. Font. n. 15. 
 
 Shrine ; Herakles in it. 
 
 M S. Severus. Imh. M. S. iv. 249, 91. 
 
 Female figure seated to left, on rock ; male figure approaching 
 
 her with hand raised. (Phaedra and Hippolytus ?) 
 M Hadrian. St. Florian. (L LIV. ) 
 Poet (Homer ?) seated, a scroll in his hand. 1 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 244, 55. 
 
 Verus. M. ii. 235, 46. Imh. (L LV.) 
 
 Draped male figure holding by the throats two serpents. 
 
 M Hadrian. B. M. Imh. (L LVI.) 
 
 Terminal figure, male. 
 
 M Hadrian. Imh. Cf. Verus. B M. 
 
 Temple key: Symbol B. 
 
 M & Auton. B. M. Imh. &c. 
 
 Head of Faustina the Elder, wearing Phrygian cap. 
 
 M M. Aur. Imh. 
 
 Head of Julia Domna, wearing Phrygian cap. 
 
 & S. Sev. Turin. 
 
 EPIDAURTJS. 
 
 1. Paus. II. 26. 'Acr/cATjTTiou Se lepav fJLoXicrra elvai rrjv yrjv 
 eVt \6ya> o-iy/./3e/3?7/ce rotcoSe . . . (Coronis) .... e/crlQijo-i 
 TOV TraiSa .... KKei/^evy 8e eSlSov /Jiev 01 <yfi\a pia r<av
 
 EPIDAURUS. 43 
 
 Trepl TO opos 7roifJ,aivo[jieva)v aiyoiv, e<uXacrcre Be o KVWV 
 
 6 TOV aLTroXiov (f>povpos 'Apea6dvav evpovra eTTi- 
 
 6v/Af)crai TOV Tratoa dve\ecr6ai teal, K.T.\. 
 SHEPHERD finding ASKLEPIOS suckled by a goat, among trees. 
 
 JE Ant. Pius. Imh. (L i.) Panofka, Asklepios, tfcc. pi. i. 2. 
 Caracalla. Panofka, I.e. i. 1. Vienna. Miiller, D. M. n. 759. 
 
 Head of Asklepios. 
 
 M M Auton. B. M. (L n.) Imh. 
 
 2. Paus. II. 27, 2. To> Be 'Acr/cX?77rtoi} TO aya\./j,a .... 
 TreTTOirjTai e\.e(f)avTo$ KOI xpvcrov' i^rjvvei Be eiriypn^^a 
 TOV elpyaaf^evov elvai pa&vfti]?>rjv 'ApiyvcoTOV Hdpiov' 
 KuOrfTai 8e eTrt dpovov (3aKT?]plav KpaT&v, TTJV Be eTepav 
 TWV ^eipwv vTrep /ce^aX?}? ^X ei TO ^ ^P^- K OVTO^, KOI ol KOI 
 KVWV TrapatcaTaKeifAevos TreTrolrjTai. 
 
 ASKLEPIOS SEATED, with dog and snake. 
 
 M Auton. Fourth century. Berlin. Bl. 1866, pi. xxx. 3, &c. B. M. 
 
 Munich. (L m.) Imh. &c. 
 M Auton. Athens, 4431, B. (Dog behind seat.) 
 
 Hadrian. Berlin. Bl. 1870, p. 15, 9. (Dog behind seat.) 
 
 Ant. Pius. B. M. Imh. Leake, p. 51. (No dog.) 
 
 M. Aurel. Athens, No. 4481, b. Dog behind. (L iv.) 
 
 Asklepios as above, in temple. 
 
 jE Ant. Pius. B. M. (L v.) Mus. Fontana, r. iii. 2. No dog. 
 
 Dog reclining. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. Imh. 
 
 Paus. II. 27, 6. "Eo-Tt /JLCV 'Aa-K\r)ino{j \ovrpdv. 
 Cupping-vases and thymiaterion. 
 M Auton. B. M. Imh. 
 Cupping-vase on coins of Achaean league. 
 
 These coins, which have been repeatedly published, and are 
 discussed in the histories of ancient sculpture, are generally 
 allowed to repeat the statue by Thrasymedes. They agree with 
 the words of Pausanias, even to the attitude of the dog, irapa- 
 KaTatceifjLevos. They thus furnish a strong argument that in 
 other cases also we may expect to find on coins fairly exact 
 copies of works of sculpture. For the connexion of the dog 
 with the Epidaurian worship, see Rev. Arch. 1884, II. pp. 78, 
 129, 217. 
 
 3. Paus. II. 27, 6. ' AVTWVIVOS eVot'^o-e Be KOI "Tyteta 
 
 vaov KOI 'Acr/cX^TTtcS /cat 'ATroXXtoi/i e7riK\.r]cnv Alyv- 
 
 -TTTiot?. Cf. 27. 5. 'Ei/T09 Be TOV aXcrou? ea-Ttv 
 
 ayaXf^a 'HTrtov^?. 29, 1. Te/xei/o? Srj ecniv 
 
 'A(rK\r)7riov, Kai ayd\fj,aTa 6 Oebs auTO? icai '
 
 44 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 yvval/ca Se elvai rrjv 'HTTIOVT;!/ 'AovcA/^TTtoO fyaaL ravrd 
 
 e&rtv ev viraiBpw \iOov TLaplov. 
 Standing figure of Asklepios. 
 M J. Maesa. Mion. n. 239, 72. Mus. Farnese. 
 HYGIEIA standing in round temple. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. M. S. iv. 265, 155. M. Fontana, p. 67, 2 and 3. Munich. 
 (Lvi.) 
 
 Hygieia or EPIONE standing, feeds serpent from patera, clad 
 in long drapery. 
 
 M Auton. Fourth century. M. Hunter, xxvi. 12. B. M. (L vn.) Imh. &c. 
 Ant. Pius. Mion. II. 239, 71. Holds sceptre and patera. 
 
 It is unfortunate that the coin which represents Hygieia in 
 her temple is so indistinct that the details cannot be with 
 certainty recovered. Her right hand appears to be extended, 
 and to hold a patera ; and a serpent is visible to left. 
 
 The figure which I have termed Hygieia or Epione occurs on 
 early coins. Epione is the more likely attribution, as that deity 
 was from early times acknowledged at Epidaurus as the wife of 
 Asklepios, whereas Hygieia does not seem to have been there 
 recognised publicly until the times of the Antonines. 
 
 4. Paus. II. 27, 7. "Opo? ovo^a^o^evov Kvvopriov, MaXearoi; 
 
 Se 'ATToAA.ewi'o? iepbv ev ai'TcS. TOVTO pev Brj TWV apyaiwv. 
 APOLLO Citharoedus. 
 
 M Auton. Copenhagen. 
 
 Head of Apollo, laur. 
 M M Auton. B. M. &c. 
 
 5. Paus. II. 28, 1. kpaKovrei Se oi XotTrol /ecu erepov <yevo<; 9 
 
 TO gavdoTepov peirov Trjs %poa? iepol p,ev rov ' 
 
 SERPENT. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. Imh. M. Hunter, xxxvi. 13. 
 Sev. Alexander. M. S. iv. 261, 157. D'Ennery. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Poseidon naked, standing to left ; holds in right, dolphin ; in 
 
 left trident. 
 M Caracalla. B. M. (L vni.) 
 
 The figure is identical with that of the standing Poseidon on 
 the coins of Corinth, which we have shown to be a copy of the 
 colossus which stood in the harbour at Cenchreae. 
 
 AEGINA. 
 
 1. Paus. II. 29, 6. H\r)<riov Se rov \ifj,evo$ ev a> 
 veto? ecrnv 'A<f>po8iTijs.
 
 AEGINA. 45 
 
 Semi-circular POET, within it, ship; above, hexastyle temple 
 or colonnade, in the midst of it a door, up to which 
 steps lead. 
 
 M J. Domna. Sestini, M. Fontana, p. 49, 4. Imh. (L I. ) 
 
 APHRODITE draped, holds branch and apple (Venus Victrix). 
 
 M Plautilla. Sestini, M. Fontana, p. 50, No. 7. 
 
 Tortoise. 
 
 M M Auton. B. M. &c. 
 
 There still exist at Aegina remains of two harbours (Leake, 
 Morea, n. 436), both of which are inclosed by two moles, and 
 either of which would correspond to the representation on the 
 coin. Pausanias mentions both, one as the general harbour, 
 near which was the temple of Aphrodite, the other as the secret 
 harbour, near which was a large theatre. On the coin the 
 building in the background looks less like a temple than a 
 theatre, market, or wharf. 
 
 2. Paus. II. 29, 6. 'Ei> eiri^aveardrta Be rrjs TroXeax? TO 
 
 A.ld/ceiov Ka\ovjjievov. 
 ABACUS seated as judge of the dead. 
 
 & Imperial of uncertain city. 
 
 Friedlander, Arch. Z. 1871, p. 79. 
 
 3. Paus. II. 30, 1. 'ATToAAam /JLCV Sr) goavov yvftvov 
 
 Archaic nude figure of APOLLO right, holds bow and branch. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (L n.) 
 
 In this case the coins furnish us with a copy of an early 
 work of Aeginetan art. It is distinctive that the legs are 
 represented one in advance of the other: and the anatomy 
 seems to be clearly marked. 
 
 4. Paus. II. 30, 2. Sewv 8e Alyivrjrai TI/JLWGIV 
 
 ..... cavov Se epyov M.vpa)vo<> 
 re KOL TO XOITTOV creo/ia. 
 HECATE with three bodies. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Arch. Z. 1843, pi. ix. 6. Imh. (L in.) 
 Plautilla. St. Florian, pi. n. 7. B. M. 
 
 5. Paus. n. 30, 3. IIpo9 TO 6'po? rov TLave\\r)viov Ato? lova-tv 
 
 epov. 
 
 APHAIA (Britomartis) standing by Zeus ; holds arrow and torch. 
 ^E Caracalla. Sestini, Mus. Fontana, pi. n. 7. 
 
 This engraving and the description of Sestini are not to be 
 trusted implicitly, especially as Aphaia is represented with a 
 turreted crown, and carries an arrow in a very unusual way.
 
 46 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 6. Pans. II. 30, 4. To Be Tiave\\riviov, on //,?; roO Ato? TO 
 tepov aXXo TO opos dio\o<yov fl^ev ovSev. TOVTO Be TO" 
 ie^ov \eyovaiv A.iaicov Troir^crai T&> Ait. 
 
 ZEUS standing by Aphaia, holds thunderbolt and sceptre. 
 
 M Caracalla. I.e. 
 
 Zeus striding, holding eagle and thunderbolt. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. M. S. in. 600, 52. 
 Domna. B. M. (L iv.) 
 Caracalla. Mion. n. 148, 38. 
 
 7. OTHER TYPES at Aegina : 
 Hermes carrying ram, facing. 
 Sept. Sev. Athens. (L v.) 
 Hermes carrying ram to right. 
 
 Plautilla. Vienna. (L vi.) 
 
 Small temple, tetrastyle, prostyle. 
 
 Sept. Sev. Munich. (Lvn.) 
 
 Demeter. 
 
 Pallas. (The temple of Athene is mentioned by Herodotus, 
 but not by Pausanias.) 
 
 Nike. 
 
 Two female figures standing. 
 
 M. S. in. 601, 56. 
 
 Nemesis (?) with cornucopiae. 
 
 Poseidon standing. 
 
 Bearded terminal figure. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. (L vm.) 
 
 Prow of ship. 
 
 B. M. 
 
 The type of Hermes carrying a ram (L v. vi.) must almost cer- 
 tainly be a copy of some work of Aeginetan art, such as the statue 
 of the same subject by Oiiatas, preserved at Olympia: the 
 Olympian statue, however, wore a chlamys and a chiton, 
 whereas the figure on the coins is altogether naked, like that 
 on the coins of Tanagra, which represents the Hermes Crio- 
 phorus of Calamis. The stretching of arms and legs on the coin 
 VI. is quite characteristic of Aeginetan art. 
 
 TEOEZEN. 
 
 1. Paus. II. 30, 6. 'Adrjvav re a-efiova-i Tlo\idSa icai 'ZQevtdSa 
 ovofjLa^ovre<f rrjv aiiTrjv, Kai Tlo&etBwva BaovXea CTTI- 
 K\r)<riv' teal Br) KOI vof^icr/Jba avrois TO dp%aiov e7n'cr?7/ia 
 rpiaivav KOI 'Adrivas TrpocratTrov.
 
 TKOEZEN. 47 
 
 Coin, obv. head of ATHENE bound with taenia only ; rev. trident. 
 
 {. Auton. B. II. &c. (M i. n.) 
 
 M with helmeted head of Pallas. B. M. 
 
 The identification of the head on the figured coins as Athene 
 may be disputed, and is doubted by Imhoof. But Pausanias in 
 his statement as to the coins of Troezen must be repeating 
 matter of common notoriety ; and he must refer to the coins 
 of the autonomous series, before one side was occupied by the 
 head of an emperor. The head on the silver, M I. n., is so bold 
 and strong that it has been taken for that of Apollo ; but in 
 some cases it wears an earring, which seems conclusive as to its 
 feminine character. And, if it be feminine, it is more likely, 
 even apart from Pausanias' express statement, to belong to 
 Athene, rather than any other goddess. The absence of the 
 helmet is not unusual in case of early representations of Athene. 
 
 2. Of. 32, 5. 'Ez> 8e TTJ d/cpoTroXei TTJS 2,devid8os ica\ov- 
 
 ftevrj 1 ? vao? ecmv 'ABrpras, avro Se elpydcraro r% Oeov 
 TO %6avov KaAAwz/ AlyivrfTrjs. 
 CITADEL surmounted by temple (tetrastyle). 
 
 M Commodus. Arigoni iv. 51, 3. Turin. (M HI.) 
 
 Sept. Severus. B. M. On either side olive and cypress. (Miv.) 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 271, 208. On either side olive and cypress. 
 
 The olive is spoken of by Pausanias, 31, 10 ; laurel, 31, 8 ; 
 myrtle, 32, 3 : all sacred trees with histories. 
 
 Athene (archaic) resembling a Palladium. 
 
 M Commodus. B. M. (M v. ) 
 
 This figure of Pallas may be described in the very words 
 already used in describing that at Cleonae, which we supposed 
 to be copied from the work of Dipoenus and Scyllis. This is 
 evidence, so far as it goes, that Gallon adhered to the same 
 general scheme as the Cretan artists ; although, of course, we 
 must not press the argument, as the die-sinkers may have 
 intended merely to portray the general type of an archaic 
 Athene, as in A xi. 
 
 3. Paus. II. 31, 1. 'Ey rfj djopa Tpoifavfov veto? KOI djd\- 
 
 /j,a,Ta 'A/3re//.tSo9 (TTI 2,a)Ttpas- Cf. 30, 7. OUTO? 
 (Saron) rfj 'ZapwviSi TO lepbv 'ApTepiSt 
 31, 4. Tl\r)<riov 8e TOV deaTpov Af^eta? vabv 
 
 ARTEMIS as a huntress. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Imh. Holds torch and bow, dog by her pursuing stag. 
 (Mvi.)
 
 48 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 268, 200. Holds torch, dog by her, pursuing stag. 
 
 Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 201. Draws arrow from quiver. 
 
 Caracalla. Arig. I. 115, 185. Holds arrow and bow, dog pursuing stag. 
 
 4. Pans. II. 31, 6. To fj,ev iepov rov 'ATro'XXewj/o? TOV eapiov 
 Karao-Kevdcrat /*ei> HiT0ea efyaaav. Cf. 32, 2. 'Evro? 
 TOV Tre/H/SoXoy vaos eanv 'ATroAAwvo? ' 
 
 APOLLO holding an arrow and leaning on a tripod, around which 
 
 is twined a serpent. 
 M Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 268, 199. 
 
 5. Paus. II. 31, 6. Tov Be "Ep/itaz'o? TOUTOV /cat rd rwv 
 
 Atoo"oup&>v %6avd ecm. 
 
 Archaic figures of the DIOSCURI facing, altar between them. 
 M Commodus. Imh. (M vn. ) 
 
 This coin-type is valuable as furnishing evidence probably 
 the only extant evidence of the style and date of the artist 
 Hermon of Troezen. The Dioscuri stand naked, with long hair, 
 both arms extended before them, not unlike, in attitude, to the 
 Apollo of Canachus, but more primitive. Their proportions 
 seem to be decidedly slight. 
 
 6. Paus. II. 31, 10. "E<m Be Kal Aio? Iepov 
 
 ZEUS standing, holds eagle and sceptre. 
 M Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 268, 198. Vaillant. 
 
 7. Paus. II. 32, 1. 'I-TTTroXuTft) Be TW r)crea><> re/ievc? re 
 
 e7ri(f)avea'raTov avelrai, Kal z/ac? ev avrm KOI a<ya\^d 
 
 <7Ttv dp-^alov. 
 HlPPOLYTUS as a hunter, on foot, holding spear, and leaning on 
 
 tree ; dog beside him. 
 
 M Commodus. Fox, Uncd. Coins, ix. 100; Leake, Eur. Or. add. 165. (M vin.) 
 Hippolytus leading a horse, accompanied by a dog. 
 M Commodus. M. S. iv. 268, 195. Arigoni, n. 32, 228. 
 Hippolytus with speax and sword before Phaedra (or her nurse), 
 
 who approaches him in attitude of supplication. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 269, 204. Milling. 1831, pi. iv. 22 (who regards 
 the pair as Theseus and Aethra). 
 
 8. Paus. II. 32, 3. Kai vaoc vTrep avrov 'A^poSiV^? Kara- 
 
 crKOTrias. Cf. 32, 6. Naov ..... 'A^poStrr/? 'A.Kpaias. 
 32, 7. 'A</>po8m75 etrrli' iepov Nu/u.</a?. 
 APHRODITE standing, holds apple in left hand, and lifts her 
 
 veil with right. 
 M Commodus. Imh. (M ix.) 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 270, 209. Theup.
 
 TROEZEN: METHAXA. 49 
 
 This type, the idea of which is taken from statues of Roman 
 times, perhaps that of Arcesilaus, seems to represent Aphrodite 
 Nymph ia. 
 
 9. Paus. II. 32, 4. ToO 8e 'AovcX^vrioi/ TO ayaXfia e-rroirjcre 
 /iev Tt//6$eo<?, Tpoifcqvioi 8e OVK 'A<r/cX^7rtoi / aXXa elicova 
 '\Tnro\vrov (fraalv elvai. 
 
 ASKLEPIOS standing at altar, snake-entwined staff in left hand. 
 & Conmiodus. M. S. iv. 268, 196. Arig. n. 18, 227. 
 
 The figure of Asklepios seems, so far as can be judged from 
 the unsatisfactory engraving, to be of the ordinary conventional 
 type; and, therefore, to offer no explanation of Pausanias' 
 curious statement. 
 
 10. Paus. II. 32, 4. Kat oliciav I8a)v olSa 'iTnroXvrov irpo 
 
 8e avrrjs early 'Hpa/cXeiO<? Ka\ovfj,vtj Kptjvij. 
 FOUNTAIN, a pillar with lion sitting thereon, water flowing into 
 
 basin from between his feet. 
 M Commodus. M. Athens, 4475.8. (M x.) 
 
 11. Paus. II. 32, 7. Tlerpa T/creto? ovo/^a^ofjievr], jAera/SaXovcra 
 
 teal avrrj TO oco/ia aveko^evov ?7cre'a>9 UTT' avry Kp'i)7*i8a<; 
 ra? 'At7ea)9 Kal ^t(jf>o'?. Cf. 31, 1. 
 'A.(TTepiwva rov MtVtw 
 THESEUS, naked, lifting the rock. 
 
 JE Commodus. B. M. (M xi. ) 
 
 Sept. Severus. M. S. iv. 269, 205. "Wiczay, xxxi. 698. 
 Geta. B. M. 
 Philippus, Jun. B. M. 
 
 The identity of this type through several reigns may indicate 
 for it an origin in sculpture. 
 Theseus slaying the Minotaur. 
 JE Commodus. M. n. 242, 87. Turin. 
 
 12. OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Tyche at altar : holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 jE Commodus. B. M. (M xn.) 
 
 METHANA. 
 
 1. Paus. II. 34, 1. Tot) 8e TroXtV/taTO? rptaxoi-rd TTOV 
 
 \ovrpd 6epfj.d. (ftacri Be 'A-vrvyovov TOV 
 Maice&ovwv fiaaiXtvovTos, Tore irpSirovro v&wp 
 Head of HEPHAESTUS in pileus. 
 
 JE Auton. Third century. B. M. Imh. 
 
 The connexion of Hephaestus with volcanic phenomena such 
 as that recorded in the text is well known. 
 
 E
 
 50 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Artemis to left, hunting. 
 
 Geta. B. M. (M I.) 
 
 Artemis about to discharge an arrow. 
 
 Sept. Sev. B. M. (M n.) 
 
 Poseidon. 
 
 Pallas standing, holds Victory and sceptre ; at her feet, altar. 
 
 M. Aurel. Imh. (M in.) 
 
 Zeus. 
 Tyche. 
 
 Aphrodite, facing, naked to waist, holds tresses with both 
 hands. 
 
 Caracalla. Paris. (M iv.) 
 
 N.B. It is curious that Isis was worshipped at Methana, 
 and appears on coins of Mothone ; Artemis was worshipped at 
 Mothone, and appears commonly on coins of Methana. 
 
 HERMIONE. 
 1. Paus. II. 34, 10. "Ecrrt Be a-<f)icri Kal vvv en iepa avroQi, 
 
 fiev eVi rrjs ar^? rfj ap^y, 7rpoe\0ovcri Be, 
 K'T.\. Gf. 35, 1. Kal Ilocrei&toJ' %a\icov<i rov erepov 
 rroBa e%<av eTrl Be\(f>lvo<;. 
 
 POSEIDON standing, holds trident, his foot on a dolphin. 
 
 M J. Domna. M. S. iv. 262, 159, 160. (M. Fontana, 69, 2, 3.) 
 
 2. Paus. II. 34, 11. *A0poStT^9 vao'<? eanv efri f K\tjcriv TIovTi'as 
 
 Kal At/ieym? T?/? avTfjs, aja\aa Be Xev/cov \i6ov, fie- 
 yedei re ^e<ya Kal eVt ry Te^vrj 6eas a%iov. Kal vao? 
 6X6/909 ecrriv 'A(j>poBlTr}<f. 
 APHRODITE standing, with Eros. 
 
 ^E Curacalla. M. S. iv. 263, 162. M. Fontana, 68, 1. 
 
 3. Paus. II. 35, 1. Tl\r)(Tiov oe avrov Atovvvov vaot Me- 
 
 DIONYSUS standing, holds kantharos and sceptre. 
 JE Plautilla. B. M. Dionysus naked. 
 
 Geta. B. M. Dionysus draped. (M I. ) 
 
 4. Paus. II. 35, 3. To Be lepov n}? Ty^7/9 vewTaiov 
 
 \eyov<riv 'E/>/itoi/et9 rtav irapa <T<f)ia-iv elvai, \iOov Be 
 Hapiov /coXo<T(ro9 ecnvjicev. 
 
 TYCHE standing, holds rudder and cornucopiae. 
 
 ^E Plautilla. B. M. (M n.) Imh. M. S. iv. 263, 167. 
 
 Tyche standing, holding patera and cornucopiae, at an altar. 
 
 ^E Plautilla M S. iv. 264, 168. (Arigoni.)
 
 HERMIONE : LERNA : NAUPLIA. 51 
 
 Tyche (?) seated, crowned by male figure, who holds lance. 
 M Caracalla. M. S. iv. 262, 161. Copenhagen. 
 
 Plautilla. II. S. iv. 263, 165. Sest. Molt. med. gr. xn. 18. 
 
 5. Paus. II. 35, 4. To Se \6yov fjidXicrra aiov lepov 
 
 A?7/i77Tpo9 e<7Tiv eVt rov UpMvo?. Cf. also 35, 6, 8, 11. 
 Head of DEMETER crowned with corn. 
 
 M j Auton. B. M. 
 
 Also ears of corn, and torch. 
 
 6. Paus. II. 35, 6. To?? 8e rrjv Trop.irvjv 7TfJ>7rov<nv 
 Te\elav eg d<y\r)<; ftovv ayovres Siei\r)fjLft,evr)V 
 real vfipi^ovaav en VTTO a<yfji6Tr)To<s, K.T.\. (Description 
 of the Chthonia.) 
 
 Cow led by attendant with a rope. 
 
 j Plautilla. B. M. (Mm.) 
 
 OTHER TYPES: 
 
 Hermes standing. 
 
 M 3. Dorana. Mion. n. 239, 74. 
 
 Zeus Nikephoros ? 
 
 M Plautilla. M. S. iv. 263, 163. 
 
 Cybele. 
 
 M Plautilla. 
 
 ASINE. 
 1. Paus. II. 36, 5. Hu^aeo)? re 'A.7ro\\a)V09 v'jreXnrov TO 
 
 lepov, Kal vvv erl &fj\6v e<ni. 
 APOLLO PYTHAEUS clad in himation, a laurel twig in his right 
 
 hand, leaning on pillar. 
 
 Ji Sept. Severus. Munich. (Mi.) 
 Plautilla. Mion. n. 224, 75. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Asklepios. 
 
 Snake. 
 
 Hermes (?). 
 
 Draped female figure ? 
 
 Fortuna, holds rudder and cornucopiae. 
 
 jEImh. (Mn.) 
 
 LERNA and NAUPLIA, Coins of Argos. 
 1. Paus. II. 37, 2. 'A<fyjoStV779 a<yd\fj,a eTrl 6a\daar) \iOov. 
 
 Cf. n. 19, 6 ; 19, 7 ; 20, 8 ; 23, 8 ; 25, 1 ; 38, 1. 
 APHRODITE standing, holds in right hand a fold of her garment; 
 
 before her, a dolphin. 
 M Anton. Pius. Irnb. 
 
 L. Verus. Imh. (L LI.) (Above cited under Argos. )
 
 52 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 2. Paus. II. 37, 4. TT}<? Se 'Afjt,vfJt,(ovr]<; ire^vKev e-rrt 777 
 
 UTTO TdVTrj Trjv vSpav Tpafyrjvai rfj ir\ardvm 
 -tv, K.T.\. 
 HERAKLES slaying the Lernaean hydra. 
 
 ^E Hadrian. Imh. (Mi.) 
 
 3. Paus. II. 38, 2. OlKia-rrjs Se eyevero' avrrj^ (of Nanplia) 
 
 NauTrXto? HoaeiScovos Xe^o/ievo? KOL ' A[j,vfj,(i)VT]<; eli>ai 
 . . . Kal TIocreLScovos lepov Kal \t/j,ves elalv ev Naf7rX/a. 
 Cf. above, also 37, 1. 
 AMYMONE pursued by Poseidon. 
 
 ,-E Anton. Pius. Imh. (M n.) Choix, pi. n. 6. Ovcrbeck, Poseidon, vi. 22
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSAN1AS. 
 
 II. 
 
 BOOKS III., IV., V., VI., VII, VIII. 
 [PLATES LXV. LXVIIL] 
 
 IN the present paper we continue the commentary begun in 
 last year's Journal, and set forth the numismatic facts which 
 run parallel to those books of Pausanias which deal with the 
 remainder of Peloponnesus ; Laconia, Messenia, Elis, Achaia, 
 and Arcadia. Athens, Phocis, and Boeotia still remain for 
 future treatment. 
 
 In spite of our efforts to be complete, we have already dis- 
 covered a number of coins of Corinth and Argos and the 
 neighbouring cities which had escaped us, and which present 
 new types, or important varieties of the types which appear in 
 our plates. This will necessitate the publication of a supplement 
 to our first paper. While this is in preparation numismatists 
 will be doing the greatest service if they will let us have casts 
 of any types in their possession which are omitted in the de- 
 scriptions or the plates of this paper or the last. Casts of 
 unusual coins of imperial times of Phocis or Boeotia will also 
 be most welcome. 
 
 For the purposes of the present paper, in addition to the 
 material already laid up by the editors, the authorities of the 
 Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris have kindly allowed us to have 
 casts of all the coins in that collection selected as desirable ; 
 and Dr. von Sallet, of the Royal Museum of Berlin, has sent 
 to London, with the utmost friendliness and liberality, casts of 
 
 F
 
 54 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 all important coins of Peloponnesus of imperial times in his 
 keeping. 
 
 In this instalment of the work, the numismatic lists and 
 comments have alike been compiled by the English colleague ; 
 the Swiss colleague has supplied casts and carefully revised the 
 whole. The text used is that of Schubart, not of Schubring, as 
 stated by a lapsus pennae in the first article. The method of 
 numbering in the plates has been modified for reasons of 
 convenience. 
 
 LACEDAEMON. 
 
 1. Paus. III. 10, 7. Tptrrj Be etc rrj<; 6Bov TTJS eiidetas eK/3o\rj 
 Kara TO, Beid e? Kapvas dyet KCU e? TO tepbv rrj<$ 
 
 'ApTfAlSo<f. TO jap ^WploV 'A/3T/uSo9 KOi Nl///,<ft)I/ 
 
 earlv at Kdpvai, Kal dya\/J,a e&TrjKev ' Apre/AiBo? ev 
 v-iraidpw KapvdnBos. 
 
 III. 14, 2. eeof Be lepd TlocreiBwvos ecmv '\TnroKovplov 
 Kal 'Apre/uSo? Al<ytvaia$. eTrave\6ovcn Be OTTICTO) TT/OO? 
 rrjv \ecr^rjv earlv 'Apre/iiSo? 'Icrcrwpa? lepov GTTOVO- 
 Be avrrjv /cat Aipvalav, ovcrav OVK 
 v Be rrjv K.pt]T<t)v ra Be e*9 avrrjv 6 
 
 III. 18, 4. Td Be e? rrjv Kvayiav "AprefAiv ecrriv OVTW 
 
 \eybfjbeva. Kvayea dvBpa CTTi^copiov K.T.\. 
 III. 20, 7. Ov Troppco kepeiov, evda ' Apre/J,iBo$ aya\fji,a ev 
 
 ARTEMIS standing left, in short chiton, right extended, in left, 
 
 spear ; beside her, dog. 
 M Aut. B. M. (N i.) Mion. S. iv. 221. 
 Artemis running right, holding torch in both hands, dog 
 
 beside her. 
 M Aut. B. M. (N ii.) Mion. S. iv. 223. 
 
 Paus. III. 25, 3. @e<uz/ Be ev rfj yfj crtycnv iepd ecrriv 'Ap- 
 o? re 7riK\r)cnv 'Acrrpareta^, on rfjs 9 TO 
 
 evravda eTravo-avro 'AfAa6ve<;, fcal 
 'A//,afo'j/i09' %oava fiev d^orepa, dvaOeivai Be \eyova~iv 
 avra Tas a?ro ep/Ltc68oi/T09 yuvaitcas. 
 ARTEMIS Astrateia 1 laur. clad in short chiton and endromides, 
 
 holds out in right, bow ? in left, shield and spear. 
 JE Caracalla. B. M. (N m.) 
 This attribution is anything but certain. The figure on the
 
 LACEDAEMON. 55 
 
 coin is, however, apparently female, fully armed, but in an 
 attitude of rest. The object in the right hand seems to have a 
 cord attached, and may be either bow or whip. As to a shield 
 as an attribute of Artemis, see below N XL, xn. 
 Artemis clad in short chiton, holds branch in right, quiver at 
 shoulder, inscription KYflAPICCIA. (Obv. Head of 
 Rome.) 
 M Auton. B. M. Berlin. (N rv.) Imh., Carlsruhe Mus. p. 19. 
 
 This coin was not struck at Cyparissia, but probably at 
 Lacedaemon, on occasion of an agonistic festival. 
 2. Paus. III. 11, 11. "Eerri Be KOI 'JZp/j,rj<; 'Ayo/oato? Aiovvcrov 
 
 (pepcov TraiBa. 
 
 HERMES Agoraeus, wearing chlamys, to right, holds in left 
 hand caduceus, on left arm infant Dionysus, who raises 
 left hand. 
 
 vE Domna. Imh. Hon. Gr. p. 173. (N v.) 
 Plautilla. Berlin. Mm. Gr. p. 173. (N vi.) 
 
 Hermes Agoraeus, wearing chlamys, to right, holds in right 
 staff resting against shoulder, in left, infant Dionysus and 
 caduceus. 
 
 JE Gallienus. Imh. Mon. Gr. p. 174. 
 Salonina. Imh. Berlin. (N vn.) 
 
 The staff, which is quite clear on N VIL, is not to be so clearly 
 seen on V. and vi. But the action of the right hand is the same, 
 and the staff may be there. If so, all the representations would 
 be practically identical, and almost certainly copies of the statue 
 mentioned by Pausanias. The staff which Hermes is carrying 
 in his right hand is probably a thyrsus, towards which the child 
 Dionysus stretches out his hand. 
 
 3. Paus. III. 12, 8. A.arceBaifj,ovioi<; Be ecrri p,ev 'A-TroXXowo? 
 a /3o)fi09, ecrri 8' e7rovo/j,a6fjt,evov TdcrrjTrTov lepov 
 'A7roXX&)z/ Be virep avro iSpvrai MaXearr??. 
 III. 13, 3. 'O Be Kdpveios, ov OiKerav Trovofj,dovcri, rt/ta? 
 etyev ev ^Trdprr) KOI Trplv 'HpaK\ei8as Kar\Beiv, tSpvro 
 Be ev olxia K/otof TOV eoXeof9, avBpb? /iai/rews". Cf. 
 14,6. 
 APOLLO naked, facing, right hand rests on head, in left, bow. 
 
 J5 Commodus. B. M. 
 
 Gallienus. Loebbecke. (N vni.) 
 Salonina. B. M. Imh. 
 
 Apollo in long drapery, holds plectrum and lyre. 
 M Ant. Pius. Mion. S. iv. 224, 35. Paris. (N ix.) 
 
 F 2
 
 56 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 A comparison with the coins of Gytheium, N xxill., xxiv., 
 seems to show that the naked Apollo, N VIII., is Carneius. 
 On N IX. we seem to have rather the Pythian form of the god. 
 4. Paus. III. 14, 6. Hpoe\dovTi Be airo rov Apo/iov Atocr- 
 
 Kovpa)v lepov teal X.aptrwv. Cf. III. 20, 1. 
 The DIOSCURI on horseback, charging with couched lances. 
 
 jE Aut. B. M. &c. 
 
 Hadrian. B. M. Berlin. Imh. 
 Commod. Mion. S. IV. 225, 39. 
 Geta. Berlin. 
 
 The Dioscuri standing beside their horses. 
 M Gallienus. Imh. 
 
 The Dioscuri standing side by side, each holding spear and 
 sword. 
 
 M Aut. B. M. &c. 
 
 Ant. Pius. Mion. n. 223, 68. 
 M. Aurel. Munich. 
 Caracalla. Imh. 
 Plautilla. B. M. 
 
 Heads of the Dioscuri ; their pilei ; two amphorae. 
 
 M Aut. B. M. &c. 
 
 5. Paus. III. 16, 3. c EXef?79 Be lepa ical 'Hpa/eXeou?, TT}? pev 
 
 7T\r)(rioi> rov rd(j)ov rov 'AX/cyu-avo?, ry Be eyyvrdra) rov 
 
 refyovs, ev avrw Be a^aXyaa 'Hpa/cXeou? ecrrlv coTrXto-- 
 
 pevov (and passim). 
 HERAKLES naked, resting, leaning on club, much in the attitude 
 
 of Gly con's statue. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Paris. 
 Domua. B. M. (N x.) 
 
 G. Paus. III. 16, 6. AarceBai/jiovioi Be ical Av/covpyy r<n 
 6e[J,ev(j) rou? VO/JLOVS, ola Bi) 0ew TreTroi^Kaat KOI TOVTW 
 lepov. 
 
 Head of LYCURGUS, bearded, diad., inscribed AYKOYPFOC. 
 
 ^E Anton. B. M, Mion. n. 217, &c. 
 
 7. PAUS. III. 16, 7. To Be %(apiov TO eirovo/Jia^o^evov Atfj,- 
 valov 'Qp6ia<? lepov ecrriv 'Apre/iiSo?. TO 6avov Be 
 e/ceivo elvai \e<yovcnv o irore 'O/aecrT^? /ecu 'I<f)iyeveta e/c 
 rfjs Tavpi/crjs KK\e7rrova-iv e<? Be rrjv afarepav Aa/ce- 
 Bai/j,6vioi Ko/j,icrdrjval <f>acriv 'OpecrTov /cat evravBa jSacn- 
 \evovros. /cat pot, el/cora \e<yeiv fj,a\\6v Tt BOKOV<TIV rf 
 ' A.0r)vaioi. 
 
 'Adrjvaiois Be apa Trapaxfrdr} yevofAevov \d<f)vpov To3 M^So)- 
 TO yap etc Rpavp&vos e/cofiio-Qr) re e? SoOcra, ical va-repov 
 
 e(f>'
 
 LACEDAEMON. 57 
 
 Archaic figure of ARTEMIS, wears polos, long chiton and over- 
 dress ; holds in raised right hand, axe, in left, buckler, 
 on either side, stag. 
 
 (Coins of Laodicea in Syria.) 
 
 M Elagabalus. Mion. v. 260, 795. 
 Philip Sen. Mion. v. 262, 806. 
 Gallus. Mion. v. 263, 810. B. M. (N xi.) 
 
 The same figure, turned the other way. (At Laodicea.) 
 
 M Philip Sen. B. M. (N xn.) 
 
 The same figure, holding axe in right, shield in left, in presence 
 of seated Tyche of city. (At Laodicea.) 
 
 M Elagabalus. Mion. S. vm. 177, 252. (Sestini, Mus. Hed. in. 61, 45.) 
 
 In his Attica (l. 33, 1) Pausanias says that in the temple of 
 Artemis at Brauron there was an archaic xoanon ; but in his 
 opinion this was not the original. In the above-quoted passage, 
 he says further that the original statue was still extant at 
 Laodicea in Syria. That the figure on the coins of Laodicea is 
 a copy of this original, carried off from Attica, is sufficiently 
 evident. Pausanias seems to have thought that the Spartan 
 statue of Artemis Orthia had a better claim to have been brought 
 from Taurica than even the Laodicean statue. However that 
 be, there can be no doubt that the statue represented on the 
 Laodicean coins is very original and interesting. 
 
 The goddess wears on her head a modius ; in one hand she 
 carries not a bipennis but an axe of the form of a socketed celt ; 
 she is clad in long drapery, in the disposition of which, as well 
 as in the pose of her legs, but little archaism is visible. Beside 
 her are two stags, which make the identification certain. 
 
 The shield is an attribute unusual in the case of Artemis, but 
 not unheard of. Pausanias (iv. 13, 1) heard at Messene of an 
 ancient statue of Artemis, which had on one occasion let fall 
 its shield ; and Iphigerieia is sometimes represented as carrying 
 a statue, which in any hands but hers might pass for a Palladium. 
 See Gerhard in Arch. Zeitung, 1849, pi. VII. p. 70. Compare 
 also N in. The form of the axe is very noteworthy. 
 
 On the silver coins issued at Athens by Eubulides and 
 Agathocles (Beule, Monn. d'Ath. p. 287) occurs an archaic figure 
 of Artemis, veiled, wearing roodius, holding patera and bow, 
 which has been by some taken for a copy of the statue existing 
 at the time at Brauron, or (as by Beule) for a copy of an imita- 
 tion of that statue by Praxiteles, which was preserved on the
 
 58 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Athenian acropolis (Paus. I. 23, 7). If either of these views be 
 correct, there were decided differences between the statue 
 carried off by the Persians and that made by the Athenians to 
 replace it. 
 8. Paus. III. 17, 2. AatceBaipovioi TroXXot? erecriv ixnepov 
 
 rov Te vaov 6/W&>9 Kal TO a<ya\,/jLa eTroirjcravro ' 
 
 '%a\KOVv FtTiaSa? Be elpyda-aro avrjp eVt^copto?- 
 
 Be teal aayiara Acopta 6 FtrtaSa? aX\a re Kal vpvov e? 
 
 rrjv deov. eTrelpyaarai Be raJ p^aX/caJ TroXXa fjiev rwv 
 
 a6\u>v f Hpa/eA,eov9 K.T.\. 
 The PALLAS of Gitiadas, helmeted, holding lance and shield, 
 
 the lower part of the body arranged in bands adorned 
 
 with reliefs. 
 
 M Gallienus. B. M. Imh. Munich. (Nxin.) 
 Gallienus. Sestini, Alus. Hed. II. 131, 37. 
 Gallienus. Cadalvene, Eecucil, pi. n. 35. 
 
 Head of Pallas, helmeted. 
 
 M Domna. Paris. (N xiv.) 
 
 This identification is advocated by Koner (Zeitschr. f. Munzk. 
 1845, p. 2) and Jahn, but doubted by Overbeck (G-r. Plast. 
 I. p. 1 24), who also considers it improbable that the reliefs were 
 on the person of the goddess. It is, however, not easy to explain 
 the words of Pausanias, except on the supposition that the 
 reliefs were on the goddess herself, that is, on her close-fitting 
 chiton, and the representation on the coin, which is quite sui 
 generis, and can scarcely be interpreted except as it is by Koner, 
 seerns to clinch the argument. In the upper part of the body 
 we may trace something of womanly form ; the shape of the 
 lower part seems to be sacrificed to the exigencies of the 
 reliefs. 
 
 The head on No. xiv. must almost certainly be copied from a 
 statue, for the head of a deity, unless so copied, seldom or never 
 appears on imperial coins of Peloponnesus. It is probably a 
 free copy of the head of the statue of Gitiadas. The form of 
 the helmet, half way between the close-fitting and the Corinthian 
 types, is notable ; but unfortunately the coin is badly preserved, 
 and the details obscure. 
 
 Coins of Melos (Paris Coll. and Br. Mus. Cat., Islands, pi. 
 xxiv. 13) bear a type which seems to reproduce the same statue ; 
 the details, however, are not clear. Melos was a Laconian 
 colony. Of the head of this statue we have also a record on
 
 LACEDAEMOX. 59 
 
 Melian coins of imperial times, which bear a head of Pallas 
 distinctly archaic, with long straight tresses falling behind the 
 ear, in a close-fitting helmet (N xv.). 
 
 9. Paus. III. 19, 1. Kat TO aya\fj,a evravOa evea-rrj/ce. 
 fjL6ye0o<i Be avrov perpu* /j,ev ovSeva dvevpovra ol8a, 
 eltcd^ovrt Se /cat rpidtcovra elvai (fraivoivro av TT^ei*? . 
 epyov Se ov J3aOv/c\eov<; ea-rlv, d\\a dp^atov teal ov crvv 
 re^vrj TT7roiri/j,evov art jap /Z.T; TrpocraiTrov avrut teal 
 TroSe? elo~iv atcpot /cat ^et/3e<>, TO \onrbv ^a\Kw tciovi 
 (TTIV euctur/JLarov. e^et 8e evrt rfj KetyaXy tcpdvos, Xoy^rjv 
 Be ev Tai? X e P (TL Ka ^ r o ov - T0 ^ $ dyd\fj,aro<; TO ftddpov 
 7rape%6Tai ftev ftw/jiov cr^rj/jia, reddtydat Se rbv "Td/civOov 
 \eyovcriv ev avro). A copy of this statue as Pythaeus at 
 Thornax, in. 10,' 8, cf. 11, 9. 
 
 Statue of APOLLO Amyclaeus clad in long chiton and aegis, 
 
 helmeted, holding lance and bow, body in form of a pillar. 
 
 M of a king third century B. c. Beside Apollo goat, and aplustre surmounted by 
 
 cock, wreath in field. B. M. Berlin. Bompois. (N xvi.) Paris 
 
 &c. Cf. Bompois, Portraits attrib. d Cltom&ne, pi. I. 
 
 Similar figure without chiton. 
 
 M Commodus. B. M. (N xvn.) 
 Gallienus. Imh. 
 
 Leake has shown (Num. Hellen., Europe, p. 55) that the figure 
 on these coins is a copy of the colossus of Apollo at Amyclae. 
 The work seems to be of the same school as the statue of 
 Athene already mentioned, but ruder and earlier, the body 
 showing no approach to the human form. As to the exact form 
 of the body, however, the coins differ: the earlier make it 
 clad and conical, the later like a term. We can scarcely 
 doubt that the later representation (N xvn.) is more faithful, 
 since it belongs to a time when the die cutter took smaller 
 liberties with his model. On it the body of the deity is divided 
 by crossing lines into lozenge-shaped divisions, no doubt repre- 
 senting the plates of bronze ; one can even detect on the coin 
 the nails by which these are secured. The head of the deity is 
 archaic, with long curl falling on to the neck, and a queue 
 behind. The whole is let into a stand or basis. 
 10. OTHER TYPES at Lacedaemon : 
 
 Male figure, bearded, seated on cippus, looking back, holds 
 knotted staff. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. B. M. Imh. 
 
 Geta. Imh. Mon. Cfr. p. 174. (N xvni.)
 
 60 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Veiled female figure seated left on cippus, in attitude of 
 
 grief. 
 .EGeta. B. M. (N xix.) 
 
 The pose of this figure is strikingly like that of the so-called 
 Penelope of the Vatican. 
 Nike, holds wreath and palm. 
 M Geta. Imh. 
 
 Female head, left, diad. : inscription ZFTAPTH. 
 M Aut. B. M. Imh. Paris. 
 
 GYTHEIUM. 
 
 1. Paus. III. 21, 7. TvOedrai Se rrj<; TroXeo)? avdpatTrcav [lev 
 ovBeva oiicKTTriv 'yevecrQai "keyovcriv, 'H/aa/cXea Se /cal 
 'A7r6\\o)va VTrep rov rpiTroBof e? d<ywi>a eXOovras, a><? 
 Sir)\\dyr](Tav, yu-era rrjv epiv oltctcrai Koivfj rrjv 
 Kal ev Trj djopa <T(j)icriv 'A7ro\\(ovo$ KOL ' 
 ecrrlv aiyaX/^ara. 
 
 APOLLO facing, clad in long chiton, right hand extended, in 
 left, lyre. 
 
 M Domna. Imh. 
 
 Carac. Paris. (N xx.) 
 Geta. B. M. 
 
 Apollo facing, naked, holds branch and bow. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Mion. S. iv. 230, 55. Paris. (N xxi.) (Eckhel, Num. Vd. 
 ix. 1.) 
 
 Bearded HERAKLES standing, holds club, which rests on the 
 
 ground, and lion's skin. 
 & Sept. Sev. B. M. (N xxn.) 
 
 Domna. Mion. n. 226, 83. Paris. 
 
 Geta. B. M. Mion. n. 227, 87. 
 Herakles in attitude of Glycon's figure. 
 
 jE Geta. Paris. 
 
 The branch in the hand of the Apollo (N xxi.) reminds one 
 of that which Herakles holds on the coin of Croton, where he 
 is specially described as OIKISTAZ (Carelli, Num. Ital. Vet. 
 pi. clxxxiii. 21 ; Gardner, Types, pi. v. 2). It may refer to his 
 office as founder ; with the other hand he seems to be laying 
 aside his bow. Herakles (N xxn.) is also in an attitude of 
 conciliation ; whether the two figures can be reasonably regarded 
 as belonging to one group is a question. 
 
 2. Paus. III. 21, 7. 'ErepaQi 8e 'A-TroXTuoz/ Kdpveios. 
 
 APOLLO naked, right hand raised over his head, in left, which 
 rests on trunk of tree, leaf? beside him on a basis
 
 GYTHEIUM. 61 
 
 horned Pan, holding pedum and nebris in right hand, 
 syrinx in left. 
 JE Sept. Sev. Bibl. Turin. 
 Geta. B. M. (N xxin.) 
 
 Similar, without Pan. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Mus. Sancl. n. pi. 24, 210, B. 
 
 Carac. Mion. S. iv. 232, 65. Paris. 
 
 Carac. Berlin. (N xxiv.) 
 
 In the first of these coins the object in the hand of Apollo 
 appears not to be an arrow, but a trefoil leaf; in the other coins 
 it is not clear. The presence of Pan seems to show that Apollo 
 Carneius is here intended ; and the Pan and Apollo alike should 
 be, according to the usual tests, copies of statues, as one stands 
 on a basis, the other leans on a pillar. 
 
 3. Paus. III. 21, 7. n\r)(Tiov Be avr&v AtoWtro?. Of. 22, 2, 
 &.IOVIKTOV Be 0/909 iepov A.apv<riov Ka\.ovfj,ev6v ea-riv 
 
 /C.T.X. 
 
 DIONYSUS standing, holds in right grapes or kantharos, in left, 
 
 thyrsos ; wears nebris. 
 & Sept. Sev. Mion. S. iv. 230, 56, 57. 
 
 (Possibly a Hermes wrongly described ; see below under 
 section 9 : vn.) 
 4. Paus. III. 21, 7. Kat 'Acr/eX?77Uo{} %a\Kovv a^ak^d ecrriv, 
 
 ov/c eTrovTOf 6p6<f>ov T&5 vaw, teal Trrjyr) rov 6eov. 
 ASKLEPIOS facing, clad in himation, right hand extended, in 
 left, serpent-staff ; before him, snake-entwined altar. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. Paris. (0 I.) 
 J. Doinna. Sest. Let. Cont. IX. 10, 1. 
 Geta. Sest. Let. Cont. IX. 10, 2. 
 
 Similar figure, with altar, in a temple : roof only over opistho- 
 
 domos, not over naos. 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. (0 n.) 
 Geta. Mus. Arig. n. 25, 354. 
 
 This is a clear instance of the copy of a statue on coins ; the 
 type of the statue is, however, quite ordinary. It seems that 
 the temple is rendered on the coin with some exactness. It is 
 seen nearly in profile from its left side. To the extreme left are 
 two pillars, which stand for the front of the temple ; next an 
 unroofed space, vaos, in which stands the statue; and furthest 
 to the right an opisthodomos with roof. That this is what is 
 intended seems to be proved by the fact that the corner of the 
 aetoma does not reach to the furthest pillar; but aetoma and 
 pillars and the deity himself are all represented in a perspective
 
 62 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 which is not correct, too much facing the spectator. The pillars 
 are fluted in their upper, plain in their lower half. 
 
 5. Paus. III. 21, 7. ... Kat A ^rjrp 09 lepov aycov. 
 DEMETER seated, holds ears of corn and sceptre. 
 
 M Geta. Mus. Arig. i. 9, 134. 
 
 6. Paus. III. 21, 7. ... Kai Tloa-eiSwvos aya\//.a. Taiao^ov . 
 POSEIDON naked, standing, holds dolphin and trident. 
 
 M Caracalla. (Q m.) 
 
 This is a pose in which Poseidon often appears on coins of 
 Corinth (D LX. LXII.) and other cities of Peloponnesus. 
 
 7. Paus. III. 21. 9. K.a\ovi>Tai 8e evravda teal vruXcu Kacrro- 
 
 pi&e?. 
 The DIOSCURI standing, each holding his horse ; between them 
 
 a tree. 
 
 M Geta. Mion. S. iv. 233, 75. 
 Leake, Sup. p. 127. 
 
 The Dioscuri standing, each holds spear and sword; between 
 
 them altar entwined by snake. 
 M Sept. Sev. Imh. (0 iv.) 
 
 8. Paus. III. 21, 9. Kat ev rfj atcp07r6\ei vab<? ical aya\/m,a 
 
 PALLAS standing, holds in her right hand a spear. 
 M Geta. Mion. S. iv. 233, 72. 
 
 9. Paus. III. 22, 1. Kara Se rrjv vljo-ov lepov ea-riv 'A(f>po- 
 StTrjs ev rfj rjjreipw MiycovlnSos, ical 6 TOTTO? OUTO? aVa? 
 Ka\etTcu Miiywvtov. TOVTO fjbev Sr) TO lepov Troifjcrai, 
 \eyov<riv 'A\eavpov. 
 
 APHRODITE standing, draped, holds apple and sceptre. 
 M Domna. "Wiczay, Mus. Hed. i. pi. xvii. 374. 
 Plautilla. Paris. R. & F. (0 v.) 
 Geta. Lobbecke. 
 
 10. OTHER TYPES at Gytheium. 
 Zeus seated, holds thunderbolt and sceptre. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Caracalla. B. M. 
 Geta. Munich. 
 
 Zeus standing, holds Victory and sceptre, chlamys over 
 
 shoulders. 
 
 M Geta. Mion. n. 227, 86. Paris. (0 vi.) 
 Plautilla. Mion. S. iv. 233, 70. 
 
 Hermes standing at altar, holds purse and caduceus, chlamys 
 over shoulders. 
 
 JE Sept. Sev. Paris. 
 
 Caracalla. Mion. S. iv. 232, 68. 
 Geta. B. M.
 
 BOEAE. 63 
 
 Same type, without altar. 
 & Sept. Sev. Berlin. 
 
 Caracalla. Vienna. (0 VII.) 
 
 Two wrestlers. 
 
 JE Geta. Leake, Supp. p. 127. 
 
 Artemis, left, clad in long chiton ; holds in right hand, bow 
 
 inverted, in left, long sceptre. 
 IE Plautilla. Imh. (0 VIH.) 
 Artemis, left, clad in long chiton, with quiver at shoulder, 
 
 leaning right elbow on pillar ; in left hand, bow. 
 J Plautilla. Berlin. Munich. 
 
 Artemis, as above, leaning left elbow on pillar, bow in right. 
 & PlautiUa. (0 ix.) 
 
 ASOPUS. 
 1. Paus. HI. 22, 9. Kat 'A6rjva<; tepdv e<rriv ev rfj a/ 
 
 ATHENE standing, left, helmeted 1 clad in long chiton ; holds 
 
 in raised right, spear, in left, cypress-branch. 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. (0 x.) 
 
 This coin is in so poor preservation that the description 
 cannot be relied on. 
 2. OTHER TYPES at Asopus. 
 
 Zeus facing, clad in himation, sceptre in raised right hand. 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. (0 xi.) 
 Artemis hunting. 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 Dionysus standing, naked, holds kantharos and thyrsos ; panther 
 
 beside him. 
 
 M Carac. Munich. (0 xn.) 
 Poseidon standing. 
 M Carac. ! 
 
 Nemesis ; a wheel at her feet ; holds end of her veil. 
 
 JE Plautilla. Berlin. (0 xin.) 
 
 (All in Mion. 8. IV. p. 228.) 
 
 BOEAE. 
 
 1. Paus. III. 22, 12. Mai/reu/ta 971; aurofc "ApTefuv evda 
 
 olicri&ovaiv 7ri8ei^eiv. . . "Aprefuv ovopd 
 reipav. 
 Bust of ARTEMIS. 
 
 M Geta. Mion. Sup. iv. 230, 54. 
 
 2. Paus. III. 22, 13. Kat erepwdu ' A<TK\r)7riov KOL 
 
 re KCU
 
 (54 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 ASKLEPIOS standing as usual. 
 
 M Caracalla. Paris. (0 xiv.) Plautilla. 
 Mion. Sup. IV. 229, 53. 
 
 Isis, holds sistrum and vase, usual ornament on her head. 
 
 M Domna. Munich. (0 xv.) 
 
 3. Paus. III. 23, 2. TlXeovTi Se e'/c Botcoy rrjv eVi rr)v aicpav 
 
 T% MaXea-9 \i/J,i]v e&nv ovoi^a^o^evov Nv/J,<f>aiov, /cat 
 
 TIo(rei8a)vo<? ayaXfia opdov. 
 POSEIDON, naked, standing holds in right hand dolphin, in left 
 
 trident. 
 M Domna. B. M. (0 xvi.) 
 
 4. OTHER TYPES at Boeae. 
 
 Eros walking, holds bow and torch. 
 
 Caracalla, Geta. (Paris.) 
 [Cf. 22, 11, Aphrodisias, a small town, was incorporated in 
 
 Boeae.] 
 
 (See Mion. Sup. iv. p. 229.) 
 Athene standing, holds shield resting on the ground, and 
 
 spear. 
 M Geta. Leake, Sup. p. 117. 
 
 LAS. 
 
 1. Paus. III. 24, 6. Kat vvvert TT)? -TroXeoj? earn TJ}? 
 epeiTria, xal irpo TCOV ret^wv dyd\fjt,a 'H/oa/cXeou 
 HERAKLES standing, holds club and lion's skin. 
 M Sept. Sev. Mion. S. iv. 234, 77. Copenhagen. 
 Carac. Imh. (0 xvii.) 
 Geta. Mion. S. iv. 235, 81. Copenhagen. 
 
 2. Paus. III. 24, 7. "Eo-Ti Se ev ro?9 epenrtoi? vabs 
 
 7riK\r)(rtv 'Acr/a?, iroifjcrat Se Ho\v8evKf]v KOI Kacrropa 
 (pacriv avaa-foOevras etc KoX^twz/. 
 
 ATHENE standing, in raised right, spear, left resting on shield 
 placed on the ground. 
 
 M Caracalla. Munich. Athens. 
 
 Geta. Mion. n. 228, 88. Paris. (0 xvm.) 
 
 This representation of Athene is in general aspect not unlike 
 
 the Brauronian statue of Artemis (N xn.), which was supposed 
 
 to be of Colchian origin ; but it has no appearance of extreme 
 
 antiquity. 
 
 3. Paus. III. 24, 8. Twv Se opwv eVi /iez/ rov 'IX/ou Aiovi'crov 
 
 re ecrrt /cal eV a,Kpa<; rrj<; /copvcprj? ' AcrK\'rj7riov 
 ASKLEPIOS standing, as usual. 
 JE Caracalla. Mion. S. iv. 234, 78. Paris, 
 riaiitilla. B. M. (Q xix.)
 
 THUKIA. 65 
 
 Stiff and apparently early figure of Hygieia standing, feeding 
 serpent, which she holds in left hand on fruit which she holds 
 
 in right hand. 
 
 M Caracalla. B. M. &c. (0 xx.) 
 
 Sept. Sev. Imh. Occupation of hands reversed. 
 
 4. Paus. III. 24, 9. IIpo? Oakda-o-y 8e eirl dicpa<; veto? 
 
 'Apre/uSo?, /cal ol Kara ero? eKacrrov eoprrjv 
 
 ARTEMIS Dictynna standing drawing an arrow from quiver 
 with right, in left, bow ; beside her, dog and stag. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Leake, Eur. Or. p. 60. (0 xxi.) 
 
 5. OTHER TYPES at Las. 
 Tyche sacrificing at altar. 
 M Carac. B. M., &c. 
 
 THURIA. 
 
 See Paus. iv. 31, 2. 
 TYPES ON COINS. 
 Athene standing, holds spear and shield which rests on the 
 
 ground. 
 M Auton., Sep. Sev., Carac., &c. 
 
 In an inscription from Thuria (Le Bas and Wad., part II., no. 
 301), mention is made of a priest of Athene. 
 Athene standing, holds patera and spear. 
 yE Sept. Sev., Carac. Loebbecke. (0 xxn.) 
 
 This is apparently a type borrowed from that of Athena 
 Panachaia at Patrae, Q xiv. 
 
 Zeus striding, holds thunderbolt and eagle (type of Messene). 
 JE Auton. Mion. S. iv. 216, 56. 
 Zeus standing, holds eagle and sceptre. 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 
 Geta. Munich. 
 
 The letters AA^e&u/uoz/tW] in the field of many coins of 
 Thuria confirm the saying of Paus. IV. 31, 1. AatceSat- 
 Be e^etv rot? ev ^Trdprrj rrjv %ovplav eSwicev 
 
 Cf. Weil in Mittheil. d. L VII. 217. 
 Asklepios facing, leans on serpent- entwined staff. 
 .E Geta. 
 Artemis, in long chiton, holds in both hands long torch. 
 
 M Domna. Berlin. (0 xxm. ) 
 
 Apollo standing, clad in long chiton, holds in right, tripod, in 
 left, sceptre. 
 
 ^E Domna. Imh. (0 xxiv.) 
 Carac. Berlin.
 
 CO NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 TYCHE turreted, holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 
 /E Sept. Sev. 
 Carac., &c. 
 Geta. 
 
 Tyche, holds rudder and cornucopiae. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 Domna. 
 
 MESSENE. 
 1. Paus. IV. 31, 9. Kat A?7/i?7T/309 iepov Meo-<n?i>toi9 e 
 
 ayiov. 
 
 Head of DEMETER bound with corn. 
 M, M Anton. 
 2. Paus. IV. 31, 10. IlXetcrTa Be <r<j>t,cn KOI 6ea<; p,d\ta-ra 
 
 [ayaX/iara] aia TOV 'Ao-/cX^7rtoO irape^erat, TO Iepov. 
 
 %<w/3i9 fjbev yap TOV 6eov /cal TWV Trai8a>v ecnlv ayaX/iara 
 
 /c.T.X., works of Damophon of Messene. 
 ASKLEPIOS with usual attributes ; in field wreath. 
 .E Anton. (Obv. Bust of City.) B. M. (Pi.) 
 Geta. Paris. 
 
 Hygieia standing. 
 
 M Domna. M.S. iv. 208, 15. 
 
 IV. 31, 10. TloXis re rj ^/Sa/toz/ KOL 'ETra/ie/vcoz/Sa? o 
 KXeo/i/i^So?, Tv^rj re KOI T. X. "E(TTt Be /cat Mecrcrtf 1*779 
 T^? TpiOTra vabs /cal ajdXf^a %pvo-ov Kal \l6ov Tlapiov. 
 Bust of CITY of Messene wearing turreted crown and veil. 
 M Anton. B. M. (Pn.) Mion. n. 211, &c. 
 
 [Gf. however 31, 6. ayakpa Mr/rpo? 0ewv \idov Tlapiov, 
 
 Aayu.o<^>ft)i/T09 8e 6/0701;.] 
 
 P I. and P II. are the two sides of one coin, issued probably 
 in imperial times. The wreath in the field may indicate that 
 it, like most of the autonomous coins issued in Greece during 
 Roman domination, was struck on the occasion of a festival. As 
 to the head on the obverse, we cannot be sure whether it is 
 meant for Messene or Tyche, or the Mother of the Gods. There 
 is something in its aspect which seems to show that it is meant 
 for the copy of a work of art. Almost all the great statues at 
 Messene were made by Damophon at the time of the restoration 
 of the city by Epaminondas, B.C. 370. Our coins enable us to 
 restore the outlines of several of the statues of this interesting 
 artist, of whom apart from coins and the statements of Pausanias 
 we know nothing. 
 3. Paus. IV. 31, 10. Kal e lipaK\eovs (arya\fta) . . . cf. 32, 1.
 
 MESSENR C7 
 
 HERAKLES resting, in the attitude of Glycon's statue. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. 
 
 4. Paus. IV. 31, 7. Aa//,o0a>i>T09 Se eari TOVTOV KOI rj Aacfrpia 
 
 KaXovftevr) Trapd M<r<rr)vioi<i. 
 ARTEMIS Laphria standing, clad in short chiton, spear in right, 
 
 left elbow resting on column ; beside her, dog. 
 IE Auton. Paris. (P in.) 
 
 A comparison of this figure with that of Artemis Laphria on 
 the coins of Patrae (Q VII. XL), which reproduces the statue of 
 Menaechmus and Soidas, furnishes sufficient reason for calling 
 this figure also Laphria. It is probably, as the pillar indicates, 
 a copy of a statue, therefore of the statue of Damophon. 
 Damophon was doubtless familiar with the earlier statue of 
 Laphria, which in his time stood not at Patrae but at Calydon 
 in Aetolia, not far from Naupactus, where the Messenians were 
 settled before their city was rebuilt by Epaminondas. The 
 chief variety introduced by him on the older type seems to 
 have been to make the goddess grasp a spear instead of placing 
 her hand on her side. 
 
 5. Paus. IV. 33. 2. Tov Ato9 rov "IQwpdra TO lepov. To 8e 
 ayaA/ia rov Aio<? 'Aye\d8a ftev ecrriv epyov, eTroitfdr] 
 Be e dpxfjs TOt9 otfcrfcracriv ev Nav7raT&> Mecrcrr]- 
 
 Vl(OV. 
 
 The ZEUS of Ageladas striding to right ; in right hand, fulmen, 
 
 on left wrist, eagle. 
 
 JR, Auton. Fourth century. B. M. (P iv.) Third century. B. M. (P v.) 
 M /E (Tripod in front.) Auton. 
 ^E (Tripod behind.) Auton. 
 
 Cf. 31, 6. ev rf) djopa AiO9 ecrnv a<ya\/j,a SWT^/OO?. 
 Zeus naked, standing to right ; in right hand, sceptre, in 
 
 extended left, eagle. 
 & Auton. (Tripod in field.) B. M. 
 
 Geta. (Sceptre surmounted by eagle. ) Berlin. (P vi.) 
 
 Zeus standing, holds sceptre and thunderbolt. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. M.S. iv. 208, 14. Paris. 
 
 Zeus Nikephoros seated. 
 
 ^E Carac. Postol. Cat. 1884, p. 23. 
 
 The coins (P IV. V.), as might be expected from their date, give 
 \is only very free copies of the statue of Ageladas ; copies from 
 which we can only judge of its pose and general composition ; in 
 details they conform to the ideas of the times when the coins 
 were severally struck. As to the statue itself, see Overbeck,
 
 68 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Kunstmythologie II. 12. The usual opinion that the head was 
 beardless seems to be not well-founded. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPES at Messene. 
 
 Athene standing, holds in raised right hand, lance, in left, 
 shield. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Stift St. Flor. pi. in. 3. 
 Domna. Imh. (P vn.) 
 
 CORONE. 
 1. Paus. IV. 34, 7. XaX/eow Be teal ev atcpoiroKei TT}? 'A.0r)va<; 
 
 TO aya\fj,d ecrTiv ev VTraldpw, Kopcavrjv ev rfj %et/>t e^ovcra 
 
 cf. 34, 6. Kal Aiovvcrov vaos. 
 Head of ATHENE helmeted. Rev. grapes. 
 
 M M Auton. B. M., &c. 
 
 COLONIDES. 
 
 Paus. iv. 34, 8. 
 
 TYPES on coins. 
 
 Asklepios standing. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 
 Aphrodite facing, holds apple and sceptre. 
 
 JSGeta. Imh. (Px.) 
 
 Poseidon, holds dolphin and trident. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 
 Tyche at altar, right hand advanced, in left, sceptre. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. 
 
 Pallas standing, holds patera and spear. 
 
 M Geta. Athens. 
 
 MOTHONE. 
 
 1. Paus. IV. 35, 1. Ao?7 Be e/i$ BeBw/ce TO> %&)pto TO ovofia 6 
 MO^&JZ/ Xt'#o9. ouTO? Se cr<f>icri teal 6 iroiSiv rbv \ifjueva 
 ecrri- TOV re jap ea-ir\.ovv cneva>repov rat? vavcrlv 
 ep<yderai Traprftccov v(j)a\o$, /cat a/za yt/t] e/c fivdov 
 Tapdcra-eaOai rov K\v8a>va epv^a ecrTrjKev. 
 
 PORT in form of an amphitheatre ; in the entrance a ship with 
 sail. 
 
 M Carac. Mus. Sancl. in. p. 17 and 1. 
 
 Imh. Statue in entrance. (P vin.) 
 
 2. Paus. IV. 35. 'Ei> Modcavrj Be veto? ea-rtv 'AOijvas 'Ai/e//.<w- 
 TiSo?- Ato/jirfSrjv Be TO aya\/j,a dvadeivai ical TO ovopa 
 Tj7 9ew <f>aa-l decrdai. 
 
 PALLAS standing, helmeted, in right hand, patera, in left, spear. 
 
 JE Domna. Mion. II. 213, 34. 
 Geta. B. M. 
 Plautilla. Mion. n. 213, 35. Lb'bbecke. (Pxi.) Altar at her feet.
 
 PYLOS. 69 
 
 Pallas standing, left hand extended, in right spear, against 
 
 which leans shield. 
 M Domna. B. M. (P xn.) 
 
 This type of Athene is by no means archaic ; it is a copy of 
 the Athene at Patrae (q. v.) Q XIV. 
 
 3. Paus. IV. 35, 8. Kat 'Apre/uSo? &' lepov e&Tiv evravda. 
 ARTEMIS standing, her right hand resting on a spear : a stag 
 
 and a dog on either side of her. 
 M Geta. Mion. n. 214, 36. Imh. (P xin.) 
 Artemis hunting, holds arrow and bow. 
 M Domna. Mion. S. iv. 212, 34. 
 Geta. Mion. S. iv. 213, 36. 
 
 4. OTHER TYPES at Mothone. 
 
 Isis. 
 
 & Domna. Plautilla. B. M. 
 
 Two female figures face to face, one has right hand raised, the 
 
 other right hand advanced, sceptre in left. 
 M Geta. Paris. 
 
 Poseidon, naked, holds dolphin and trident. 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 Asklepios. 
 M Geta. 
 
 Hephaestus running, holds torch in both hands. 
 M Auton. Imh. M.Q. pi. D. 2. (P ix.) 
 Female figure holding out both hands. 
 M Plautilla. B. M. (P xiv. ) 
 
 PYLOS. 
 1. Paus. IV. 36, 2. Evravda lepov <rriv 'A0r)va<; 
 
 PALLAS standing, holds patera and spear. 
 JE Sept. Sev. Paris. B. M. Irnh. 
 
 Caracalla. Berlin. (P xv.) 
 
 Plautilla. Mion. S. iv. 215, 52, &c. 
 
 Pallas, holds owl and spear. 
 JE Domna. Mion. S. iv. 215, 48. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES at Pylos. 
 Asklepios. 
 
 M Caracalla. 
 
 Terminal female figure veiled and closely draped, holds in right 
 
 end of her garment. 
 S, Carac. Paris. 
 
 Geta. Copenhagen. (P xvi. ) 
 
 Dionysus, holds kantharos and thyrsos. 
 M Geta. 
 
 a
 
 o NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Goat reclining on basis. 
 
 M Sept. Sev., Geta. B. M., &c. 
 Carac. Munich. 
 
 CYPARISSIA. 
 
 1. Paus. IV. 36, 7. 'A<f>tfco{J,V(i)v Be e? KvTrapKrcrtas e/c Hv\ov 
 a(f)i(Ti irrf^rj VTTO rfj vroXet TrX^crtW 6a\dcr(rrj<f ecrrl- 
 pvrjvai Be Atovycrw TO vSwp Xeyoucrt dvpcrw 7r\ij^avrt 
 e'<? rrjv yrjv, real CTrl rovra) AiovvcridBa 6vo/j,dovcri rrjv 
 
 DIONYSUS standing, in short chiton, holds kantharos and 
 
 thyrsos. 
 
 yE Sept. Sev. B. M. Imh. (Pxvn.) 
 Doiuna, Caracalla. Paris, &c. 
 
 2. Paus. IV. 36, 7. "Ecrrt Be Kal 'ATroXXcovo? ev K.V7raptacriat>i 
 
 tepbv teal 'Adrjvas eTriKX.rjaiv KuTraptaWa?. 
 ATHENE standing, holds patera and spear, against which, some- 
 
 times, leans a shield. 
 M Sept. Sev. Berlin. 
 
 Doiuna. Mion. S. 210, 20, 23. 
 Caracalla. (P xvm.) 
 Plautilla. B. M. 
 Geta. Munich. 
 
 APOLLO facing, naked, holds in right, branch, in left, lyre which 
 
 rests on pillar. 
 M Sept. Sev. Berlin. (P xix.) 
 
 3. Paus. IV. 36, 5. 'Ei/ Be AuX&w /eaXoty/,eV&> vabs 'Acr/eX^TrtoO 
 
 KOI arya\/j,d eanv Kv\wviov. 
 ASKLEPIOS standing ; usual type. 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. B. M. 
 
 Domna. Loebbecke. 
 
 Caracalla, Geta. B. M. 
 
 Hygieia standing ; feeds serpent from patera. 
 JE Domna. Loebbecke. 
 
 4. OTHER TYPES at Cyparissia. 
 
 Athlete, holding urn in which is a palm, and a staff. 
 
 M Domna. Vaillant, Num. Gr. p. 92. 
 
 Poseidon naked, standing left ; holds dolphin and trident. 
 
 M Caracalla. Carlsvuhe. 
 
 Tyche, holds cornucopiae and sceptre. 
 M Caracalla. Munich. 
 
 ELIS. 
 
 The coins of Elis present us unfortunately in but very few 
 instances with copies of the numberless works of art which 
 existed at Olympia. There are, however, extant, a very few
 
 ELIS. 71 
 
 important pieces struck in the reign of Hadrian, and in that of 
 Septimius Severus, which are clearly intended as medals to 
 perpetuate certain works of art, and on them we have some of 
 the most satisfactory reproductions of ancient statues extant on 
 coins. Among the statues thus reproduced are the Olympian 
 Zeus of Pheidias, the Aphrodite Pandemos of Scopas, and the 
 Dionysus of Praxiteles. In the recent excavations at Olympia 
 a large number of coins of E)is of the Imperial age were found, 
 and are now in the Athenian coin- cabinet. See Postolacca's 
 Catalogue of coins presented in 18834. 
 1. Paus. V. 10, 7. Kat avOis 6 aero? Kareicnv e? crrevov, teal 
 
 Kara rovro 'AX^eto? eV avrov ir&rcoir^rai. 
 V. 14, 6. Mera 8e rovs Karei\<y/Jievov<; 'AX<eta> Kal 
 'Apre/iiSt Ovovcnv Irrl evbs /3&>/ioi> rovrov Se ov Troppw 
 Kal aXXo? TO) 'AX</>e&5 /Sco/io? TreTroirjrat. 
 ALPHEIDS beardless reclining in waves, holds wreath and reed ; 
 
 before him, vessel. 
 
 JE Hadrian. M.S. iv. 180, 49. Postol. Cat. 1884, p. 20. 
 Sept. Sev., Caracalla. Postolacca. I.e. pi. II. 12. 
 
 Alpheius reclining, bearded, holds cornucopiae and reed. 
 
 M Hadrian. Sest. Fontana Afus. p. 58, 1. 
 
 See also below. 
 
 2. Paus. V. 11. Ka$eeTafc fiev &rj o ^eo? ev Opovw %pv<rov 
 TreTTOirj/jievos Kal e\e<f)avTO<;' crT<f)avo<; Se eiriKeiTai ol 
 rf] K(j>a\fj fj,efJ,i/J,rjfj,evo<> eXa/a? K\0)va<f. ev ftev Srj rfj 
 Se^ia (frepei NIKTJV % e\(f)avro<; Kal ravrrjv Kal %pvcrov, 
 raw lav re e^ovaav Kal eVt rfj Ke<f>a\f] arefyavov rfj &e 
 dpicrrepa rov Oeov %ei/ot eveari crKrJTrrpov /LteraXXof? rot? 
 Tracrt Sirjvdicruevov. 6 Se opvis 6 eVt rc3 <TKiJ7rrp(i) 
 KaOrnievos ecrriv 6 aero?. 
 
 ZEUS Olympius seated on throne, holds Nike and sceptre. 
 
 M Hadrian. Florence. (Pxx.) Berlin. (P xxi.) Athens. Fontana, pi. vi. 1. 
 Caracalla. Athens. Paris. Imh. Mus. Hedcrv. 
 Geta. B. M. Athens. Postolacca. Cat. 1884, p. 22. 
 
 Compare Stephani, Compte rendu 1876, plate, Nos. 3 and 4. 
 
 Head of Zeus Olympius laur. 
 
 JE Hadr. Paris. (Pxxn.) 
 
 Sept. Sev. Vaill. Gr. p. 82. Paris. (P xxm.) 
 
 Head of Zeus. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 Cf. V. 24, 1. 'ATTO 8e rov /3ov\vrijpiov TT/JO? rov vaov 
 e<rnv dya\fia ev dptcrrepa 
 G 2
 
 72 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 e<rre(f)ava)fj,evov Be ola Br) avdecn, Kal ev rfj Beia 
 avTov Kepavvbs TreTrotTjrai. 
 Zeus striding, hurls fulmen, eagle on extended right. 
 
 M (archaic) Auton. Photiades Coll. 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 Hadr. B. M. Postol. Cat. 1884, pi. i. 6. 
 
 Zeus standing, resting on right leg, in sunk right hand, fulmen, 
 
 on left wrist, eagle. 
 M Hadr. Postol. Cat. 1884, pi. i. 5, 7, 8. 
 Zeus seated, eagle flying from him. 
 M Auton. Early. B. M. 
 Nike winged, standing and running ; thunderbolt ; eagle tearing 
 
 serpent. 
 M Auton. 
 
 The reproductions, statue and head, of the colossus of Pheidias 
 are so fully discussed in the histories of sculpture that no more 
 need here be said about them. See also Gardner, Coins of Mis, 
 p. 48. The statues of Zeus in the Altis must have been number- 
 less ; we cannot venture therefore more closely to identify any 
 of the other coin-types. 
 
 3. Paus. V. 13. "Eo-rt Be eVro? T7?9 "AXre&>9 Kal HeXoTrt 
 aTTOTeTfArjfievov re/Jievos' rjpuxav Be rwv ev 'OA,ty/.7rta 
 TOCTOVTOV TrpoTeTifArjfAevos ecrrlv 6 TleXoijr VTTO 'HA,e/fc>2/ 
 ocrov Zet>9 Oewv rS)v a\\o)v. 
 
 PELOPS ? clad in short chiton, leading horse by the bridle. 
 M Hadr. Postol. Cat. 1884, p. 20. Milan. 
 Mus. Sancl. II. 19, 127. 
 
 4. Paus. V. 17, 1. To Be f/ Hpa? a^aA/ia KaQr^ievov ecrriv 7rl 
 
 Qpovq). 
 
 Head of HERA wearing Stephanos. 
 Al Auton. B. M. 
 5. Paus. VI. 25, 2. Kprjirl? Be evrb? rov re^evov^ 
 
 Kal e?rt rf) KprjTTiSi aya\/na ' A(f>poBiTr)< 
 
 rpdy<a Kadrjrai i %a\K<p' ^KOTTCL TOVTO epyov, ' A.<f>poBtTr)v 
 
 Be TIdvBr)fj,ov 6vo/J,dovcri. 
 APHRODITE clad in long chiton and full over-garment, seated 
 
 sideways on goat galloping to right. 
 jEHadr. B. M. (P xxiv.) 
 
 Sept. Sev. Postol. Cat. 1884, p. 21. 
 Carac. Postol. Cat. 1884, pi. n. 11. 
 
 This identification is due to E. Weil (Archdol. Aufsdtze 
 E. Curtius gewidmet, 1884), who publishes the coin of Severus, 
 of which a cut is here added.
 
 ELIS. 73 
 
 The coin of the British Museum, P xxiv, though unfortunately 
 in a very poor state of preservation, is in a better style than this, 
 and apparently more faithful to the original. The attitude is 
 less stiff, and more graceful. The mantle of Aphrodite seems 
 to envelop her sides and back completely, and the chiton 
 reaches to her feet; only her head and arms appear; in the 
 treatment of these and of the drapery the charm of the statue 
 must have consisted. 
 
 6. Paus. VI. 26, 1. Qearpov Se ap^cuov pera^v rfjs a 
 
 Kal TOV M.TJVIOV TO Oearpov re Kal tepov eaTi AIOVIHTOV 
 Te%vr) TO aya\fjia TIpaiTe\ovs. 0ea)v oe ev rot? /iaXtcrra 
 kiovvcrov crefiovcriv 'HXetot, Kal TOV Oeov cr<f>i<riv e7ri<f>ot- 
 TO.V e? TWV vi'o)v TTJV eopTrjv \eyovcriv. 
 DIONYSUS facing ; in raised right hand rhyton, in left thyrsus ; 
 
 on one side panther, on the other tympanum. 
 IE Hadr. Postol. Cat. 1884, pi. n. 9. Berlin. Zeitschr. f. Num. 13, 384. 
 Satyr, holds bunch of grapes and pedum. 
 M Hadr. Mion. S. iv. 180, 46. 
 
 Cf. V. 19, 6. Aiovvcros 8e ev avTpw KaTa/cetfAevos, yeveia 
 e^cov Kal K7T(0fj,a ^pvarovv, evSe^VKO)^ e&Ti TroBijpTj 
 XiT&va- Sevopa Se a/Z7reXot Trepl avTO Kal /J,r)\eai T elcrl 
 Kal poiai. 
 
 Head of Dionysus bearded, crowned with ivy. 
 ^E Sept. Sev. Mion. S. iv. 181, 57. 
 
 [This is a mistake ; the head is really of the Olympian Zeus, 
 P XXIIL] 
 
 Dr. Weil has ably shown that the figure of Dionysus on the 
 coin of Hadrian is very probably a copy of the statue of Praxi- 
 teles. In addition to internal evidence, the fact that the other 
 coins of Hadrian bear copies of statues points in this direction. 
 We reproduce Weil's cut, made under his direction from the 
 -coins.
 
 74 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 The forms of the god are rather effeminate ; his garment, 
 fastened at his neck, falls round his lower limbs in full folds ; 
 the left leg is crossed over the right. His left elbow rests on a 
 prop over which also hangs his upper garment. Beside him is 
 on one side a panther, on the other his thyrsus and tympanum. 
 In his left hand is a cup, in his right he lifts aloft a rhyton. 
 
 7. OTHER TYPES at Elis. 
 
 Female figure (Olympia ?) facing, holds eagle and palm branch ; 
 
 at her feet two rivers reclining. 
 M Hadr. Postol. Cat. 1884, pi. n. 10. 
 Head of Olympia; inscription OAYMTTIA. 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 DYME. 
 
 1. Paus. VII. 17, 5. Hora/io? re Adpi<ro<; Kal 'AOijva? eirl rat 
 Trora/ift) yao? ecrn Aaptcrata?, /cal 'A^cwcoz; Tro/U? 
 crraBtovs ocrov re rpidicovra aTre^ovcra rov Aaplcrov. 
 VII. 17, 9. Au//,a/oi9 8e ecrri }iev 'A0Tjvd<? vaos /cat 
 
 e<? ra /J,d\icrra dp^atov. 
 Head of PALLAS, helmeted. 
 
 M Auton. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 124. 
 Auton. Iinh. M. G. p. 163. 
 
 FISH. 
 
 yE Auton. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES at Byrne. 
 
 Veiled female head, perhaps of Demeter, possibly of Mater 
 Dindymene (Paus. vii. 17, 9). 
 
 ^E Auton. 
 
 PATRAE. 
 
 1. Paus. VII. 18, 2. Tlarpecov r/ iroXis' oi> Troppw Be 
 7rorayu,o5 FXav/co? eKBiSwcriv e? 6d\a<r<rav.
 
 PATRAE. 75 
 
 VII. 19, 5. Taur?79 /j,ev S?) rfjs dvcrtas evetca 6 Trora/tto? 6 
 7T/J09 T&) lep<p T?}9 Tpitc'X.apias 'Aywe/Xt^o^ eKXrfQr)' rew? 
 Se ovo^ia el-^ev ovSev. Of. 19, 9. TO re OVO/AO, ereOrj TO 
 vvv T&> 7roTa/u,&> MeA.^09. 
 RIVER-GOD reclining. 
 
 . Ant. Pius. Afws. ^n</. n. 7. 67. 
 
 2. Paus. VII. 19, 6. '\\iov Se d\ov<rr)$ KOL vepofjievwv ra 
 \d(f>vpa rcov'EXXijvwv, Eupu7TfXo9 o Ei)a//^oi/o9 Xa/i/3ai>et 
 \dpvaica- &.IOVIHTOV Se ayaX/^a r/v ev rfj \dpvaKi, epyov 
 fjiev, w? (fracriv, 'H<f>at(rTov, Scopov Se VTTO Ato9 eB60r) 
 AapSdvy, K.T.\. 
 (Box and statue in it brought by Eurypylus to Patrae.) 
 
 Man running to altar, clad in chlamys, holds a box in his 
 hand. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Berlin. (Q I.) 
 
 Sabina. Sest. Lit. Num. ix. pi. I. 5. 
 
 The altar is probably that of Artemis Triclaria, on approaching 
 which Eurypylus was healed of his insanity. 
 Genius of Patrae, naked, facing, one arm extended over altar, 
 one rests on box raised on pedestal. 
 
 jE M. Aurel. Imh. (Q n.) Berlin. 
 L. Verus. Paris. 
 Commodus. Paris. 
 
 Altar surmounted by box, in front of it some temple-officers ; 
 
 behind, spectators ; in exergue, river-god reclining. 
 M Sept. Sev. Munich. (Q iv. ) 
 Round box with conical cover, wreathed with ivy, within ivy 
 
 wreath, sometimes between ears of corn. 
 
 JE Auton. Paris. Imh. (0 ni.) Leake, Eur. p. 83. 
 Anton. St. Flor. p. 74, pi. n. 21. 
 
 Similar box ; thyrsus and bunch of grapes. 
 
 JE Auton. Paris. 
 
 This type has perplexed many writers : it has been termed 
 Mons Panachaicus, or (by Leake) the tomb of Patreus; but 
 Kenner's view (St. Flor. p. 74) is preferable, according to which 
 it represents the casket in which the statue of Bacchus was 
 kept. 
 
 On the reverse of the coins above described appears a figure 
 clad in a short chiton, holding in one hand a torch, in the other a 
 short thyrsus or spear. This appears in our plates, Q xil. Leake 
 supposes it to be a representation of the figure of Dionysus 
 contained in the chest. A Dionysus it may be, but it can
 
 7(5 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 scarcely stand for a statue supposed to have been brought from 
 Ilium, and so, presumably, of archaic type. There is something 
 to be said for the view of Kenner (St. Flor., I. c.\ that the 
 deity represented is rather Artemis Triclaria, with whose cultus 
 the box containing the Dionysus was closely connected. 
 
 21, 1. Kal Aiovvo-ov Kara rovro rrjs TroXetw? ea-riv iepov 
 eTriKhrjcriv KaXfS&woy pereKo^tcrdr} ryap KOI rov Aiovv- 
 crov TO ayaX/m e/c K.a\vBwvo$. 
 
 21, 6. Aiovvcrov Be e<rriv evravda dydX/Aara, tcr-oi re roi<? 
 7ro\,io-fjt,acri KOI o/iaW/iof Mecrareu? yap Kal 
 re Kal 'Apoeu? ecrnv avrois rd ovo^ara. 
 Dionysus? radiate, holds in right, bunch of grapes, over left arm, 
 
 nebris. 
 
 M Elagabalus ? Paris. (Q v. ) 
 DIONYSUS standing, himation wrapped round loins, holds in 
 
 right hand kantharos, left rests on column. 
 M M. Aurel. Mus. Arig. i. 6, 86. 
 Dionysus, and Satyrs, one of whom supports him, and one 
 
 follows ; also panther. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Ramus, Cat. Num. Dan. I. IV. 1. 
 
 3. Paus. VII. 18, 9. Tlarpevcri Be 6 AvyofcrTO? d\\a re rwv 
 etc KaXuSwz/09 \a(f)vp(i)v Kal 8rj Kal rfjs Aaffrpias eBo)K 
 TO dya\{*,a, 6 Brj Kal e? e/tte en ev rfi aKpoiroXei rf} 
 Tlarpecov el%e Ti/ia?. 
 
 18, 10. To fjiev a-%f)/J,a rov dydX/Aaros drjpevovcrd e<rnv, 
 e\e(f)avro<; Be Kal %pvaov TreTrolrjrat, NaK7raTtot Be Me- 
 Kal Soi'Sa? elpydcravro' reK^alpovrai Be cr^a? 
 v rov ^IKVCOVIOV Kal rov Alyivrfrov KaXXwi/o? 
 
 <yeveo-6ai rivl rj\tKiav vcrrepov<$. 
 ARTEMIS Laphria fa,cing, clad in short chiton which leaves 
 right breast bare, a quiver at her shoulder, right hand 
 rests on hip, in left bow, chlamys falling over left arm ; 
 to left a dog, to right a pedestal, on which the bow rests. 
 ^E Galba. Berlin. Inscr. DIANA LAPHRIA. 
 Domitian. B. M. 
 Hadr. Irnh. Loebbecke. (Q VI.) 
 L. Verus. B. M. Stuttgart. (Q vn.) 
 Commod. Mus. Arig. I. 7, 111. 
 Carac. B. M. 
 
 Artemis facing, clad in short chiton, right on hip, left rests on 
 bow which is supported by low pedestal ; beside her, 
 dog. 
 
 JE Carac. Berlin. Imh. (Q vin.)
 
 PATRAE. 77 
 
 Similar figure turned to right, bow rests on ground. 
 
 jENero. Paris. (Q ix.) Inscr. DIANA LAPHRIA. 
 
 Artemis Laphria and Aphrodite of Corinth side by side. 
 
 & Coinmodus. B. M. Paris. Imh. (Q X.) 
 
 Artemis, carrying bow, in chariot drawn by four stags. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Miis. Arig. II. 9, 98. 
 
 (It may be doubted if this supposed figure of Artemis be not 
 her priestess as in Q xm.) 
 
 Quiver with strap and hound. 
 
 JE Xero. Bibl. Turin. Inscr. DEANA LAPHRIA. 
 
 The figure of Artemis Laphria on coins VI. X. is almost 
 unvaried ; the only marked variation being that the bow rests 
 in some cases on a high pedestal, in some cases on a lo\v pedestal, 
 in some cases on the ground. The goddess stands, her head 
 slightly turned to her left, clad in a short chiton with diplois 
 which leaves the right breast bare, a chlamys hanging over her 
 left shoulder, high cothurni on her feet. Her hair is in a knot 
 at the back ; a quiver is at her shoulder. Her attitude is one 
 of ease, yet not quite free from stiffness ; the left knee slightly 
 advanced, the right hand resting on her side ; in the left hand 
 a bow. The type is clearly a copy of the cultus-statue of Artemis 
 Laphria ; this is even proved to demonstration by coin No. X. 
 where it appears side by side with the Aphrodite of the Corin- 
 thian acropolis. We thus arrive at an interesting result. It is 
 distinctly stated by Pausanias that the cultus-image at Patrae 
 was the work of Menaechmus and Soidas of Naupactus. On 
 this Brunn (Gr. K, I. 112) remarks that its date must be earlier 
 than the settlement of Naupactus by the Messenians at the 
 beginning of the Peloponnesian war. And Pausanias says that 
 the sculptors must have lived not much after the archaic 
 sculptors Gallon of Aegina, and Canachus of Sicyon. But 
 the statement of Pausanias seems exaggerated in view of 
 the style of the figure on the coins, which may perhaps be 
 assigned to the middle of the fifth century, but can with diffi- 
 culty be given to an earlier date. In any case this will be one 
 of the earliest statues which represent Artemis in Amazonian 
 form, earlier than the statue of Strongylion (A I. n.), an d as 
 early as the rude relief from Asopus, Arch. Zeitung 1882, 
 pi. vi. 1. 
 
 4. Paus. VII. 19, 1. 'Iwvwv rots 'Aporjv fcal "Avdeiav KOI 
 Me<7a-ni/ oiKOVcriv ty ev KOIVO> Te/u,ei>o9 /cat i/ao? 'Apre/u&os
 
 78 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 TpiK\apla<{ 7Ti/c\rjcriv, KOI eoprrjv oi "leove? avrfj Kal 
 7ravvv%iSa rjyov dva TTCLV ero9. 
 20, 7. Tr}? 8e dyopds avri/cpvs /car" avrrjv rrjv SteoSoz> 
 
 re/iez/09 ecrriv 'Apre/uSo? Kal vabs AifAvdriSos. 
 Artemis running, holds torch and spear. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Iinh. Stag beside her. (0 xi.) 
 M. Am: M. S. IV. 144, ! 60. Paris. 
 L. Verus. B. M. Dog at her feet. 
 Commodus. Vienna. Stag and dog at her feet. 
 
 Artemis ? standing in short chiton, holds torch and spear or 
 thyrsus. 
 JE Auton. St. Flor. p. 75, pi. n. 21. Leake. Paris. Imh. (Q xn.) 
 
 The same figure which Leake (Eur. p. 83) calls Bacchus ; it 
 is not possible to say with certainty which of these deities is 
 intended. See above. 
 Artemis on horse, with inflated veil, riding right ; before her, 
 
 Pan holding pedum, seated on rock. 
 JE M. Aur. Sest. Let. Num. v. I. 13. 
 
 Sestini states that this coin, in the Cabinet de Chaudoir, is in 
 poor preservation. The description cannot therefore be relied on. 
 5. Paus. VII. 18, 12. Tlo/j,7rr)v fieyaXoTrpeTreo-rdrrjv TTJ 'AprefAiSi 
 teal 77 lepw^evr] irapdevo^ o^eirai reXevraia 
 7rl e\d(f)tt>v VTTO TO cipfAa eev<yfji,V(0v. 
 PRIESTESS in chariot drawn by two stags. 
 M M. Aur. B. M. Loebbecke. (Q xni.) 
 Elagabalus. Mion. n. 197, 364. 
 
 6. Paus. VII. 20, 2. Tov irepL^6\ov 8e ecmv evrbs rrjs 
 Aa(f>pia<; Kal 'AOrjvds vabs 7riK\r)criv Tlava%a'lSo$' 
 eXe(j)avTo<! TO dja\/j,a /cal %pvcrov. Cf. 20, 6 ; 20, 9. 
 
 PALLAS standing in distyle temple, owl beside her : holds patera 
 and lance, against which rests a shield. 
 
 ^E M. Aur. Mion. n. 195, 347. Paris. (Q xiv.) 
 M. Aur. M. S. iv. 143, 958. 
 Commod. M. S. iv. 146, 976, 977. Paris. 
 
 Pallas standing, holds spear and Victory. 
 
 ^E Hadr. M. S. iv. 141, 947. 
 
 Pallas standing, holds spear advanced and shield. 
 
 M Hadr. Leake, Eur. p. 84. 
 
 Hadr. Berlin. (0 xv. ) 
 
 Sabina. B. M. 
 
 Pallas charging, holds spear and shield. 
 M Auton. (Obv. Head of Herakles.) B. M., &c. 
 
 Coin Q xiv. is particularly valuable. The image on it is 
 shewn by the temple in which it is enclosed to be a copy of a
 
 PATRAE. 79 
 
 cultus-image, probably of that of Athena Panachais. The figure 
 of Athene holding in one hand a patera, in the other a spear 
 appears on the coins of many of the cities of Peloponnesus, 
 whether they had an ancient cult of Athena or not. We may 
 account for this fact in either of two ways : (1) we may suppose 
 that the various cities produced on their coins the widely-known 
 type of the statue at Patrae, or (2) we may suppose that the 
 cities commonly established within their own walls a shrine of 
 Athena Panachais with a statue copied from the metropolitan 
 statue of Patrae ; and that these local imitations were again 
 imitated on the coins. It may count against the second view 
 that Pausanias mentions no other temples of Athena 
 Panachais. 
 
 7. Paus. VII. 20, 3. '^p^o/JLevy Be e? rrjv Kara TTO\IV 
 Atv&Vfi'qvijs ecrrlv lepbv, ev Be avrw teal "A-m;? e 
 rovrov /j,ev Brj a^aX/ia ovBev aTrofpalvovai- rb Be rfjs 
 M.vjrpbs \iOov TreTTofyrai. 
 KYBELE seated ; holds patera and sceptre ; lion beside her. 
 
 JE Com modus. Paris. 
 
 Female figure draped and turreted, holding a bunch of grapes 
 in right hand and something in left, standing on cippus ; 
 on either side of her a similar figure appearing to grasp 
 her, and to be dancing or leaping. 
 JE Geta. Berlin. (Q xvi.) 
 
 This type, the details of which are somewhat obscure, seems 
 clearly to refer to the orgiastic rites connected with the worship 
 of Mater Dindymene. 
 
 8. Paus. VII. 20, 3. v E<m Be ev ry ayopa Ato? veto? 'OXy/z- 
 TTIOV, avTO? re eVt Bpovov KOI eo-rwcra 'Adrjva Trapa rov 
 dpovov. 
 
 ZEUS seated in temple of six columns. 
 JE Hadr. Mion. n. 194, 343. 
 Zeus seated, holds Victory and sceptre. 
 M Hadr. M. S. iv. 141, 946. 
 
 Commod. Mion. n. 196, 354. Imh. (Q xvn.) 
 
 Zeus seated, holds patera. 
 JE M. Aur. Afus. Arig. I. 6, 87. 
 
 The Zeus on No. xvn. is of the usual Olympian type ; compare 
 the coins of Elis, P xx. xxi. 
 
 9. Paus. VII. 20, 3. Trfc re "Hpa? aya\/j,a rov 
 Trepav
 
 80 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 HERA ? veiled, seated on throne with high back ; right hand 
 advanced, in left pomegranate ? 
 
 JE Hadr. B. M. 
 
 Aelius. Imh. (Q xvm.) 
 
 The presence of the throne sufficiently proves that we 
 have in this case a copy of a statue. That the figure is 
 of Hera is however not certain. In the statue itself the 
 arms would be both stretched forward, the backward turning 
 of the left hand on the coin is probably only an attempt at 
 perspective. 
 10. Paus. VII. 20, 3. 'lepov re 'ATroXXowo? TreiroirjTai, /cat 
 
 20, 6. "E^erat Se rfjs dyopds TO coBeiov, KOI 'A-TroXXtwi/ 
 evravda dvdrceiTai 0eas agios' eTrottfdr) Be diro \acf)up(i)i>, 
 67rt rov cnparov TWV TdX-arcov ot HaTpeis rj^vvdv 
 
 %ai(ov povoi. 
 
 20, 9. 'Ev TOVT<P Tc3 aXaei fcal vaol de&v, 'AvroXXwi/o?, 
 o Se 'A(j)poBiTr)<i- TreTTO/^rat \l6ov Kal rovrois ra a<yd\- 
 /j,ara. 
 
 APOLLO naked, standing, his right hand extended, his left 
 holding lyre which rests on base. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Mion. II. 195, 344. 
 
 L. Verus. Mus. Arig. iv. No. 34, pi. vi. (Altar before him.) 
 
 Apollo seated, holds in raised right lyre, behind him cippus on 
 
 which a bird. 
 JE Domit. Mus. Arig. iv. pi. iv. 34. 
 
 The engraving in this work is inaccurately drawn and not 
 trustworthy. 
 
 Apollo standing on basis, holds in right hand Victory, in left 
 branch. 
 
 M M. Aur. M. S. iv. 143, 959. 
 (Jommod. M. S. iv. 149, 992. 
 
 It is unfortunate that we have been unable to procure a cast 
 of the coin last mentioned, which might perhaps be a copy of 
 the statue set up at the time of the Gaulish invasion. It is also 
 not impossible, though such conjectures are very dangerous, that 
 the Apollo yvfjLvbs eo-^ro? of Pausanias may be represented by 
 the type of Apollo first mentioned, the naked Apollo with the 
 lyre resting on a basis. 
 
 11. Paus. VII. 21, 7. IT/909 e TCO Xt/u,ej>t Hoo-etSwvo? re vab<; 
 Kal a<ya\/ji,d ecrriv opOov \l6ov.
 
 PATRAE. 81 
 
 POSEIDON standing with one foot resting on rock ; holds dolphin 
 
 and trident. 
 
 & Domit. Paris. Inscribed NEPTVNO. 
 Hadrian. Imh. (No dolphin.) (0 xix.) 
 Coinmod. M. S. iv. 147, 983. 
 
 Sept. Sev. Paris. (Holds figure of Pallas and trident, but the coin is 
 tooled and the figure of Pallas added. ) 
 
 This type is shown by Q xxi. to be a copy of the statue 
 mentioned in the text. No. xix is varied in the omission of 
 the dolphin, but otherwise is like the rest. 
 Poseidon standing, naked, thrusts with trident ; dolphin on 
 
 extended left arm. 
 JE Anton. (Obv. Head of Pallas.) B. M. (Q xx.) 
 
 Obv. Owl ; Rev. Trident. 
 IE Auton. 
 
 View of harbour of Patrae ; in the foreground, vessels ; in the 
 background figure of Poseidon (as above) in temple, and 
 another temple. 
 
 -<E Sept. Sev. Sest. Fontana, pi. n. 16. Berlin. (Q xxi.) 
 Geta. St. Flor. pi. n. 22. Paris. 
 
 View of same harbour: in the foreground vessels and statue 
 of Emperor ; in the background arcades surmounted by 
 temples. 
 
 jE Commod. Mion. n. 197, 359. Imh. (0 xxn.) 
 Gordian. III. M. S. IV. 156, 1035. 
 Gordian, in. Gessner, Imp. pi. 176. 
 
 View of same harbour from the land ; temples in foreground ; 
 
 in background vessels and mole surmounted by tower 
 
 and equestrian statue. 
 
 jESept. Sev. Sest. Fontana, pi. n. 11. Vienna (Q xxm.) 
 All these coins are discussed by Kenner, St. Flor. p. 78. 
 12. Paus. VII. 20, 9. To /j,ev By aya\/j,a rov 'AovcX^TrtoO, 
 
 Tr\r)v ecrOfjros, \iOov ra aXXa. 
 VII. 21, 14. "EcTTi Be teal lepov Harpevaiv 'Aa-K\r)7riov' 
 
 rovro TO lepov VTrep rrjv atcp67ro\iv rwv TTV\O)V ecrrlv 
 
 771*5 at eVt Mea-dnv ajovtriv. 
 ASKLEPIUS standing, resting, as usual, on serpent-staff. 
 
 JE Sabina. Berlin. 
 
 M. Aur. M. S. iv. 144, 962. Paris. 
 Commod. B. M. Berlin. (Q xxiv. ) 
 
 13. Paus. VII. 21, 10. 'Ei/ ndrpats Be ov iro\v aTrwrepw rov 
 
 IlocretSwj/o? lepd ecrriv ' 
 Head of APHRODITE, 
 
 M Aut. B. M.
 
 82 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Eros embracing Psyche. 
 JE Commod. Imh. M. G. p. 166. 
 14. Paus. VII. 21, 10. "EcrTt Be KOI ayd\fiara rov 
 
 eyyvrdrco %a\Kov TreTroirj/jLeva "Ape&>9, rb Be ' A7r6X\a>vo<> . 
 ARES standing, helmeted, holds spear and shield. 
 M M, Aur. Paris. (No shield.) 
 Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 151, 1009. 
 
 15. Paus. VII. 21, 13. 'Ei> Hdrpais Be vrpo? rc3 a\<rei al 
 tepa Bvo ecrrt 2<apd7n8o<;- ev Be TG> erepw TreTrolrjrai 
 Hvrj/jua AljvTrTov rov B 77X01; . 
 Head-dress of Isis. 
 
 M Cleopatra. B. M. Imh. 
 
 16. OTHER TYPES at Patrae. 
 
 Male figure naked, standing on a column in a circular 
 enclosure. 
 
 M Galba. Berlin. 
 
 Donnt. Naples. Paris. 
 
 Hadr. M.S. Loebbecke. (R I.) 
 
 Rome seated, holding standard, crowned by a warrior wearing 
 
 helmet and holding spear. 
 M Domitian. Froehner. (R n.) 
 M. Aur., Commodus. Paris, &c. 
 
 Genius of the City; holds patera and cornucopiae at altar. 
 
 (Sometimes inscribed GEN[ius].) 
 M Nero. Imh. B. M. Domit., &c. 
 Tyche of the city, turreted, holding cornucopiae. 
 M Verus, Commodus, &c. 
 Head of Tyche, with cornucopiae. 
 Herakles resting on club. 
 
 M Nero. Imh. Inscr. HERCVLI AVGVSTO. 
 M. Aur. B. M., &c. 
 
 Herakles holding club in both hands, lion's skin on left 
 
 arm. 
 
 M Commodus. Bibl. Turin. (R in.) 
 
 Hermes seated, ram at his feet ; holds purse and caduceus. 
 M Carac. B. M. Imh. Berlin. 
 Similar figure in temple. 
 
 M Commod. Mion. Beii. Carac. Imh. (R iv.) B. M. Berlin. 
 Hermes standing, ram at his feet; behind him, term. 
 M Verus. Berlin. (R v. ) 
 Commod., Severus. 
 
 Juppiter Liberator (so inscribed) : 
 Zeus standing, holds eagle and sceptre. 
 
 JE Nero. Paris. 
 
 Libertas, &c.
 
 AEGIUM. 83 
 
 The figure of Hermes seated (R iv.) is closely similar to a 
 type of Corinth (F ex., cxi.), but not identical, for at Patrae 
 the god holds a purse in his right hand, which he does not at 
 Corinth. In this case it is clear that either the people of 
 Patrae copied their cultus-statue from that of the Corinthians, 
 or the people of Corinth from the Patreans. The standing 
 figure of Hermes (R v.) also nearly resembles one on a coin of 
 Corinth (E Lxxxvi.). 
 
 AEGIUM. 
 
 1. Paus. VII. 23, 5. Alyievcn Se EtXet^uta? lepov ea-riv 
 ap^alov, Kal rj ~Eil\ei0uta 9 atcpovs etc /ce0aA,r;9 rovs 
 TroSa? v^xia-fJuarL KeKakvirrai \TTTW, j;6avoi> 7r\r)i> TT/OOCT- 
 caTrov re /cal ^eipwv aKpa>v KOI TroScov ravra Se rov 
 TlevT\r]criov \iOov ireirolrirai- KOI rat? %e/?crt rfj pev 
 
 9 evQv eKrerarai, rf/ Be ave%i Ba8a 
 
 epyov Se TOV Meo-o-^^/ou Aa/u.o<aWo9 eVrt TO ayaXfia, 
 ElLEITHUlA facing, clad in long chiton with diploi's, head 
 wears polos; holds in raised right torch, in extended 
 left hand another torch. 
 
 jE Ant. Pius. B. M. Mus. Arig. n. 14, 155. Bibl. Turin. (R vr.) 
 L. Verus. Mus. Arig. i. 5, 76. 
 S. Sev. Sest. Hits. Font. p. 51, 4. Berlin. 
 Carac. Jmh. (Position of arms transposed.) 
 
 Geta. Paris. (Figure turreted.) Inscr. AIPIEUUN AC I (Rvn.). 
 
 The identification of the figure on R vi., VII., as Eileithuia 
 cannot be regarded as certain. If we accept the identification 
 we must suppose that the word Sa<; has fallen out after eVrerarat, 
 ' in one hand she holds out a torch, in the other holds up a 
 torch ' : and in support of this emendation we may cite the 
 occurrence of SaSa? in the plural in the next line. On the 
 other hand the Paris coin (R vii.) presents in this view dif- 
 ficulties. On it the head of the goddess wears a turreted crown, 
 which seems inappropriate to Eileithuia. The final letters of 
 the inscription on this coin are uncertain ; all that is visible is 
 AC I which may stand for 10 assaria, but may also be the 
 beginning of some explanatory word like the Z6YC MFAC, 
 which occurs at Aegium beside the figure of Zeus. Nearly 
 similar are the two figures on a coin of Argos, K XL., which are 
 explained in the text as two Eileithuiae. 
 
 The following may, perhaps, be a representation of 
 Eileithuia :
 
 84 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Female figure, hair in knot, and clad in long chiton with 
 diploi's ; holds in extended right an object which may be 
 a torch, her left hand hangs by her side. 
 M Auton. Obv. head of Artemis. B. M. Klagenfurt. (Rvin.) 
 
 Engraved in Wieseler's Denkmaeler (il. 57, 729) and Gerhard, 
 Ant. Bildw. cccix., 1, is a figure of Eileithuia professedly taken 
 from a coin of Aegium. It is, however, evidently badly drawn, 
 and appears to be rather a copy of a figure of Eileithuia or 
 Demeter at Bura. 
 
 2. Paus. VII. 23, 7. T% Be ~El\i0vta<; ov pafcpav ' 
 re ecrrt Tejjievos KCU d^d\fjiara "Tyteias teal ' 
 lafifieiov & 7rl ro> jSddpq> rbi> Mecrcnjvtov 
 eivat, TOV elpyacr/uLevov (jirjcrlv. 
 
 ASKLEPIOS seated to right, on throne, himation falling from 
 shoulder, holds in right hand sceptre ; before him, serpent 
 twined round altar. 
 
 M M. Aurel. M. S. iv. 25, 146. Paris. (Said to hold Victory, but wrongly.) 
 Commodus. Berlin. (R ix.) 
 Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 27, 158. 
 
 Hygieia standing; her right hand over altar, round which 
 snake twines ; in her left, patera. 
 
 M M. Aurel. Vienna. 
 
 Sept. Sev. Loebbecke. (R x.) 
 
 Asklepios seated, and Hygieia standing ; between them, altar 
 entwined by serpent. 
 
 M Commod. M. S. iv. 26, 152, 154. Paris. (R xi.) 
 
 There can be scarcely a doubt that these figures reproduce 
 the group of Damophon ; on all the coins the snake-entwined 
 altar appears as a sort of identification ; and the separate figures 
 on IX. and X. are exactly reproduced in the group on XI. We 
 thus gain definite and welcome information as to the style of 
 Damophon, information which seems to show that in repre- 
 senting Asklepios he followed the type of the Zeus of Pheidias. 
 In his Hygieia, also, which is of noble and majestic type, he 
 seems to have followed the traditions of the best school. This 
 confirms the view of Brunn (Gr. K. t I. 291), 'we shall not err 
 in recognising in Damophon one of the most religious artists 
 of his time, who endeavoured to retain art at that level of 
 moral elevation to which it had been raised, principally by 
 Pheidias.' 
 
 3. Pans. VII. 23, 9. "Ecr-n, Se KOI Ato? eTrlfcXrja-iv 2&>T%Jo<? 
 ev rf) ayopa Tepevos, KOI dydXpaTa ecreXdovrtov ev
 
 AEGIUM. 85 
 
 apicrrepa ^a\KOv fJ^ev a/ji^orepa, TO Be OVK e%ov TTIW yeveia 
 
 eva poi. 
 
 24, 4. v Ecrrt Se teal a\\a Aljieucriv a^d\fjLara %O\.KOV 
 , Zeu? re rj\iKiai> jrai? fcal 'Hpa/c\7J<f, ovBe 
 7ra> yeveia, 'AyeXaSa Te^vrj rod 'Apyetov. 
 Archaic statue of ZEUS on basis, naked, without beard, holds 
 in raised right, thunderbolt, on extended left arm, eagle. 
 M Auton. Obi: Head of bearded Zeus. B. M. (R xn.) &c. 
 Ant. Pius. B. M. Paris. 
 Ant. Pius. Sest. Mus. Font. pi. iv. 2. 
 M. Aur. Mion. S. iv. 25, 144. Paris. (R xm.) 
 Sept. Sev. Leake, Eur. p. 5. 
 
 The British Museum coin (R xn.) bears the inscription 
 HM I QBE AIM 07/u&>/3oXioi>), shewing its current value. The 
 inscription on the Fontana coin is in the engraving in the 
 Mm. Font., Z6YC M6TAC, the second word being indistinct, 
 so that there stood on the coin either Z6YC MGTAC or, 
 perhaps, ZGYC CCUTHP. On the Paris coin (R xm.) the 
 reading seems to be AITIGUJN FIAIC, 'the child of the people 
 of Aegae.' The figure of Zeus on both the coins on our plate 
 is beardless. There can be no question that this striding archaic 
 figure is intended to represent a statue ; this is proved by the 
 basis or plinth, sometimes hung with wreaths, on which he 
 stands. A doubt may, however, be entertained which of the 
 statues of Zeus mentioned by Pausanias is here intended: he 
 speaks of two, both archaic, and both beardless. He seems to 
 ascribe one of the two to Ageladas of Argos, and our coin-type 
 is in attitude just like that which reproduces the statue by 
 Ageladas preserved at Messene (P v.). It is not important to 
 decide the question, as the attitude of the figure of Zeus on the 
 coins is quite conventional. The hinder foot does not rest flat 
 on the ground, but the heel is raised ; and the anatomy of the 
 body is well rendered, but the treatment of the hair, which falls 
 in long curls, is archaic. 
 
 There seems insufficient foundation for Jahn's theory that 
 Zeus under this form is regularly Polieus. 
 
 Zeus as an infant suckled by the she-goat Amaltheia; on 
 either side, tree ; above, eagle with spread wings. 
 
 M Auton. Bull, dell' 1. 1843, p. 109. (Streber, Denkschr. d. 1C. Acad. zu Munch. 
 vii. pi. n. 26.) Bibl. Turin. (R xiv.) 
 
 The proper home of the myth of Amaltheia was in Crete ; 
 but there was probably at Aegium a local legend which in 
 
 H
 
 86 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 some way connected the name of the city with her, Atytov 
 with ail;. 
 
 4. Paus. VII. 24, 2. Kat reraprov 'O/jiajvpla) Au. evravOa 
 Ato? KCU 'A.<j>poSiTr)<? ecrrl Kal 'Adrjvdf 
 'O/j,ayvpio<; Be eyevero rc3 Aa eTTt/cX^o-t?, art 
 ijdpoia-ev, K.T.\. 
 24, 3. 'E<ef?}9 e r&> 'Ofiayvpia) Ail 
 
 M of Achaean League : 
 
 Obv. Zeus standing, naked ; holds Nike and long sceptre (B, xv.). 
 Rev. Female figure seated, holds wreath and long sceptre 
 
 (R xvi.). 
 
 M Geta. Zeus as above. M. S. IV. 30, 168. 
 
 As all the bronze coins of the Achaean League bear these 
 types, they would seem to represent the principal deities of the 
 place of meeting of the League. After the destruction of 
 Helice, this was Aegium, and solemn sacrifices were offered to 
 the principal deities of that city. It seems that the historical 
 associations connected with Zeus Homagyrius made him a 
 peculiarly suitable patron-deity for the League. 
 
 The figure on the coin, a naked Zeus, holding Victory in his 
 hand, may well be a copy of a statue set up in this temple in 
 the days of the revival of the League, or possibly at an earlier 
 period. The figure of the reverse may, perhaps, be Demeter 
 Panachaia, but it certainly has none of the attributes of Demeter. 
 It would therefore be preferable to regard it as representing not 
 Demeter but Achaia personified. Similarly Aetolia appears on 
 coins of the Aetolian League, Bithynia on those of the Bithynian 
 kings, Koma on those of Rome, &c. 
 
 The following is certainly Demeter : 
 Demeter standing, holds in right hand poppies and corn, in 
 
 left hand, sceptre. 
 
 M L. Verus. Leake, Suppl. Eur. p. 111. (R xvn.) 
 Zeus naked, standing, holds eagle and long sceptre, held 
 
 transversely, garment over left arm. 
 M L. Verus. Arig. I. Imp. v. 76. 
 
 Carac. M. S. iv. 28, 159. Paris. (Rxvm.) 
 
 Zeus seated, holds Victory and sceptre. 
 
 M Plautilla. Pellerin, Melanges, I. pi. 1, 8. 
 
 Head of Zeus, right, laur. 
 
 M Auton. Vienna. (R xix. ) Imh. B. M . Inscribed H M 1 B E A I N .
 
 AEGIUM. 87 
 
 A very unusual type of head for Zeus. 
 
 5. Paus. VII. 23, 9. Alytevo-t Be 'Adrjvds re vabs KOL "Hpa? 
 early aXXo?. 'Adrjvds [lev Sr) Svo dyaXftara \evKov 
 \ldov. Of. 23, 10. "E<TTt [lev IlocreiSeoz/ /cal 'Hpa/eX?}?, 
 re at J Adr/vd, 6eov$ Se crtas Kd\,ovcriv e' 
 
 PALLAS standing, holds spear and shield which rests on the 
 
 ground. 
 IE M. Aurel. Mus. Arig. n. 14, 154. (Pallas unhelmeted ?) 
 
 Commod. Seat. Princ. JDanimarca, 18, 1. 
 
 Carac. Berlin. (R xx.) 
 
 This type of Athene is not usual in Peloponnese ; it is quite 
 different from the usual Athene Panachaea (Q XIV.). 
 
 6. Paus. VII. 24, 1. Alyievcrt &e e<rri pev TT/JO? 777 asyopa 
 
 vab<f 'ATroXXwi't KOI 'Apre/iiSt ev fcoivo)' ecrri Se ev ry 
 d<yopa lepov 'Apre/itSo?, ro^evovcrrj Se e'ltcacrrai. 
 
 Artemis clad in short chiton; in her raised right, torch; in 
 her left, which rests on pillar, a bow ; dog at her feet. 
 
 M Ant. Pius. Imh. (R xxi.) 
 Sept. Sev. Berlin. 
 
 Artemis running, her veil floating round her head ; holds torch 
 in each hand : at her feet, dog (which, however, looks 
 more like a peacock). 
 M Domna. Imh. (R xxn.) 
 
 To^evovarj Se eiKavrai, reminds us of the phrase used by 
 Pausanias of Artemis Laphria at Patrae; and the figure on 
 R xxi. is apparently a variation on the archaic Laphria of 
 Menaechmus and Soidas, the goddess holding a torch in her 
 right hand, instead of resting it on her side. 
 
 7. Paus. VII. 24, 2. n/ao? daXdcrcrr) Se 'Ac^ooSm;? lepov ev 
 
 Alyta), KOL /ACT' avro TloaeiSwvos. 
 POSEIDON standing, his right foot on a rock, his right hand 
 
 resting on trident. 
 M Commodus. M. S. iv. 27, 155. 
 
 APHRODITE naked, arranging her tresses ; at her feet, dolphin. 
 jE Faustina Jun. Griolet at Geneva. (R xxm.) 
 
 8. OTHER TYPES at Aegium. 
 
 Phthia advancing right, her peplum flying, before her, dove of 
 
 colossal size. 
 
 & Auton. B. M. (R xxiv.) Eckhel, N. V. p. 118. 
 For the story of Phthia and the dove, see Athenaeus, p. 395a. 
 This is, with one doubtful exception (Overbeck, Kunstmyth. 
 
 H 2
 
 88 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 II. p. 415), the only representation of the myth of Phthia. It 
 has already been rightly explained by Khell and Eckhel. 
 
 River-god reclining ; holds vase and reed. 
 
 M Auton. Eckhel, N. V. 118. Vienna. 
 
 Head of Aegium turreted, inscribed A I DON. 
 
 M Auton. Vienna. 
 
 Sarapis and Fortune, side by side. 
 
 M M. Aur. Kenner, St. Flor. p. 59, pi. n. 8. 
 
 Turreted female figure, holds sceptre and cornucopiae. 
 
 M M. Aur. Sept. Sev. Plautilla. 
 Carac. Loebbecke. 
 
 HELICE. 
 1. Paus. VII. 24, 5. ^HLvravda cu/e^ro f EXt'/c^ iroA,t?, xal Iwaiv 
 
 lepcv ajuorarov TlocreiStovos rjv 'EXt/eetfy/ov. 
 Obv. Head of POSEIDON in circle of waves. 
 Bev. Trident between fishes in wreath. 
 M Auton. Fourth century. Z. f. N, vn. pi. Yin. 6. 
 
 BURA. 
 
 1. Paus. VII. 25, 9. Tfj$ Bou/aa? ejevovro ot/acnW. Nao? 
 evravda A^^rpo?, o Se 'A$>poSiTr)<; Aiovvcrov re ecrn, 
 jcal aXXo<? EtXet^fta?. Aldov rov Tievrek'rjariov ra 
 ayd\fj,ara, 'Adrjvalov 8e epya ^iVK\ei&ov /ecu rfj Aij/j,r)Tp{ 
 <TTIV e a-dys. 
 
 DEMETER or EILEITHUIA, clad in long chiton and himation ; 
 right hand raised ; in left, torch. 
 
 ^E Caracalla. Munich. 
 Geta. B. M. (S I.) 
 
 APHRODITE partly nude ; holds sceptre. 
 
 M Domna. Mion. n. 165, 128. (Vaillant.) 
 
 It is not certain whether the figure on S I. is of Demeter or 
 of Eileithuia. The outstretched right hand would tell rather 
 in favour of the latter attribution, it being very usual to 
 find on vases figures of Eileithuia with outstretched hands, 
 a gesture intended to indicate a smooth course in child- 
 birth. The phrase of Pausanias strictly taken would seem to 
 assert that the figure of Demeter alone was draped, those of 
 Aphrodite, Dionysus, and Eileithuia all undraped ; but it can 
 scarcely be supposed that Eileithuia would be nude. As to 
 Eucleides of Athens see Brunn (Gfr. K. I. p. 274), who con- 
 jectures that he worked for the people of Bura when they 
 restored their city soon after its destruction in B.C. 373. In
 
 AEGIRA. 89 
 
 that case lie would be a contemporary of Damophon, a period 
 which will very well suit the figure on S I. We shall return to 
 Eucleides under Aegira. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 25, 10. ILaraftdvrwv Be IK Boupa? &><? eirl 
 0a\acra-av Trora/io? re Boupat/co? ovo/JLa^ofievos ical 
 'Hpa,K\fj<} ov fieja^ earlv ev <nrr)\ai<a- eVt'/cX^o-t? jjt,ev 
 KOI rovrov Boiy?ai'/eo9. 
 
 Temple on a hill, in the side of which is a portico, and a cave 
 within which statue of Herakles, spear 1 in raised right 
 hand ; below, a vase. 
 M Geta. Prok.-0sten, A. Z. 1843, pL ix. 14. 
 
 Athens. (S n.) Vienna. 
 HERAKLES bearded, standing ; raised club in right hand, lion's 
 
 skin in left ; behind him, bow. 
 M Geta. Mion. n. 166, 129. 
 Geta. Vienna. (S in.) 
 
 There is an apparent discrepancy between the type of the 
 figure in the shrine or cave on S II. and the figure of Herakles 
 on S in. The former seems to hold a spear, and is so described 
 by v. Duhn in Mittheil. d. d. Inst. Ath. ill. 62 ; the latter clearly 
 holds a club. But considering the very small size of the figure 
 on S II. we can scarcely insist upon this apparent difference. It 
 is likely that in both cases a figure of Herakles is intended, of 
 which figure S in. gives us, of course, the best idea. This 
 figure is of stiff and decidedly archaic type, dating from not 
 later than the middle of the fifth century. The antiquity of 
 the Buraic cultus of Herakles is shewn by its seat being in a 
 cave, and by the survival in connection with it of a primitive 
 oracle by lot. Beside the cave on S II. is a portico, and 
 above it, on the top of the hill, a temple, no doubt of one of 
 the deities mentioned by Pausanias in the passage above 
 quoted. 
 
 AEGIRA. 
 
 1. Paus. VII. 26, 3. 'Apre/uSo? 'Ayporepas eTroirjcravro lepov, 
 
 va>vcov<; OVK avev T^ 
 
 ree$ 'A/3Te/u86<? re 
 
 e</>' f)p,5)v. 
 
 VII. 26, 11. ewv Se iepa Aiovvcrov KCU 'Apre/uSo? ecrriv 
 17 p,ev %a\Kov TreTTOirjrai, /SeAo? Se etc (f>aperpa<$ \afju- 
 ftdvovcra. 
 ARTEMIS as huntress, standing; holds in left, bow, and with
 
 90 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 right hand draws arrow from quiver; at her feet, dog 
 
 looking up. 
 
 M Plautilla. B. M. Munich. (S rv.) M. S. iv. 22, 128. 
 In Sest. Lett. Num. Cont. v. p. 11 Artemis is said to hold a 
 
 torch in place of the bow on coins of Plautilla. 
 Similar figure of Artemis running. 
 M Plautilla. Berlin. (S v.) 
 
 The phrase re^vrj^ r?}? e^>' f)p,wv would well characterize 
 either of these figures. 
 Deer. 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 2. Paus. VII. 26, 4. Hapel^ero Se rj Afyeipa e<; avyjpa(f)r)v 
 
 lepov Ato? KOI ayah/Act Ka6rffj,evov, \l6ov rov Hevre\r]o-iov, 
 'ABrjvalov &e epyov Eu/cA-ei'Sov. 
 ZEUS seated, in attitude of the Olympian deity ; holds Victory 
 
 and sceptre. 
 
 jE Sep. Sev. Sest. Lett. Num. Cont. viu. p. 2, No. 2. 
 Plautilla. B. M. (Svi.) Sest. I.e. No. 4. 
 Plautilla. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 111. 
 
 This representation, though of very ordinary character, yet, if 
 we suppose it a copy of Eucleides' work, has interest as shewing 
 that Eucleides adhered to the Pheidian school in his statue 
 of Zeus, as indeed we might suppose from his representing a 
 seated Zeus at all. Eucleides was probably a contemporary of 
 Damophon, and he seems, if we may judge from the very 
 slight evidence which remains (see under Bura), to have 
 followed the same tendencies. 
 
 3. Paus. VII. 26, 4. 'Ei> TOVTO) r<p lepw fcal 'Adrjvas aya\/j,a 
 
 - TrpoawTrov re Kal atcpai %elpes e\e^>avro^ /cal ol 
 , TO Se aXXo 6avov %pvcra) re 7ri7ro\f)<; SirjvQia-- 
 pevov earl Kal <pap/j,dKOi<{. 
 PALLAS standing, holds spear, and shield which rests on the 
 
 ground. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. Loebbecke. (gvn.) 
 Plautilla. Mus. Arig. iv. pi. xm. No. 54. 
 
 Compare R xx. and our remarks on it. 
 
 4. Paus. VII. 26, 7. 'Aa/cXy-mov Be aya\/jiara opdd e<rriv ev 
 
 vaq), Kal ^apaTrtBof erepwdi Kal "IcrtSo?, \idov Kal ravra 
 
 ASKLEPIUS standing as usual. 
 
 M Plautilla. M. S. iv. 22, 129 ; 29, 166. Paris.
 
 PELLENE. 91 
 
 Head of Asklepius. 
 
 M Auton. Mion. n. 164, 118. 
 
 ACKAH in wreath (Asklepieia, the Games). 
 
 JE Auton. Sest. Let. Num. ix. pi. I. 32. 
 
 Hygieia standing. 
 
 Geta. St. Flor. p. 61, pL II. 9. 
 
 5. Paus. VII. 26, 8. OlSa real oircrjfta eV Aljeipa Oeacrdpevov 
 aja\fj,a rjv ev TW oltcrfpaTi Tir^?7<?, TO /cepas <j)epovcra TO 
 ' Afj,d\,8eia<;- Trapa Be avTrjv "E/3&>9 TTTepa e^a>v ecrTiv. 
 
 TYCHE turreted ; holds sceptre and cornucopiae. 
 
 M Plautilla. M. S. IV. 22, 131. Paris. 
 Plautilla. Berlin. Loebbecke. (S Till.) 
 
 Tyche as above, face to face with Eros winged, who stands 
 with legs crossed leaning on a long torch or staff: 
 between them, altar entwined by serpent I 
 
 JE Plautilla. Berlin. (S ix. ) 
 
 In this case, the juxtaposition of Tyche with Eros shews that 
 both figures are intended as copies of the statues. 
 
 PELLENE. 
 
 1. Paus. VII. 27, 2. Kara Se TIJV 6&bv e? avTrjv Trjv iroKiv 
 ecrTlv 'A.6r)vd<t \l6ov fzev 7ri%(t>piov vaos, eXe^aj/ro? Se 
 TO aya\ft,a teal %pvcrov' <&ei$iav Se elvai TOV elpyaa- 
 fievov (fxia-i, TrpoTepov CTL rj ev Ty aKpo7r6\ei TC avTov TTJ 
 ' A.6r)vai(0v real ev ITXaTatat? Troifjcrai T7J9 'A^i/a? TO, 
 
 PALLAS clad in long chiton, thrusting with lance, and holding 
 
 before her oval shield. 
 .& Sept. Sev. Bibl. Turin. (S x.) Mus. Arig. IV. No. 52, pi. xi. 
 
 Domna. Paris. 
 
 Plautilla. St. Flor. p. 79. 
 
 This is a most interesting illustration of what 'Pausanias con- 
 sidered to be the early style of Pheidias. The character of the 
 figure on our coin is far earlier than the Athenian statues of 
 Pallas by Pheidias, and in type approaches such figures as 
 the Athene Chalcioecus N xtn., or the statue by Dipoenus and 
 Scyllis at Cleonae H I. The device on the shield of the god- 
 dess is on our coin (S x.) not clear, it looks like the upper 
 part of a human figure ; in the Arigoni Cat. it is drawn as the 
 upper part of a Giant or Triton. It may very probably be 
 only a winged Gorgoneion. The hair of the goddess seems 
 to fall in a queue behind ; her closely- fitting chiton is divided
 
 92 NUMISMATIC COMMENTAEY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 into a set of vertical bands, which bands may possibly have been 
 adorned with scenes in relief, as in the case of the Pallas of 
 Gitiadas; her aegis falls over her bosom as a breast-plate. The 
 type is fully discussed by Kenner (St. Flor. p. 79). 
 2. Pans. VII. 27, 3. ToO Be aXcrov? T>?<? ^wre/pa? Iepov djrav- 
 rifcpu Atovvcrov Aa/ATTTrjpos earcv 7rlK\rjcnv TOVTW KOI 
 eoprrjv ayovcrt,, Kal BaBd? re 69 TO Iepov 
 ev VVKTI, Kal o'ivov Kparfjpa^ laracnv dva 
 TTJV 7rd\cv Trdaav. 
 
 DIONYSUS clad only in cothurni, standing; holds in right, 
 wine-cup, in left, long thyrsos or torch, bound with 
 fillet. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. (S xi.) Mus. Sand. N. S. n. 25, 222. 
 3. Paus. VII. 27, 4. "Ecrrt teal 'A7r6X\&)yo9 eogeviov He\- 
 \r)vevaiv iepov, TO Be a<ya\[j,a y^a\Kov 
 Be TOV 'ATroXXw^o? vaos ecrriv 
 
 Be 77 ^eo? Trape^erat cr^rjf^a. Cf. 27, 3. 
 Head of APOLLO. 
 
 JR, Anton. 
 
 ARTEMIS clad in short chiton, running, holds arrow or torch 
 and bow, quiver at shoulder ; in front, stag, behind, dog. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Mm. Sand. N. S. n. p. 288. 
 Carac. B. M. (S xn.) 
 
 This precise type of Artemis, and the stag and dog on either 
 side of her, forming as it were supporters, appears also on the 
 coins of Corinth, D LXVI.-LXVIII. ; and at that city is proved 
 to be a copy of a statue by its appearance on coins in a 
 temple. 
 
 4. Paus. VII. 27, 11. 'A7T&)Te/3&) Be ov TTO\V aTrb TOV Mi/<ro/<w 
 Iepov eaTiv 'AcrtfA/^TrtoO tca\ovfAevov Kvpo?, Kal utfJMTCt 
 avdptoTrois irapa TOV 6eov yfyefat. 
 ASKLEPIUS standing : holds serpent-staff, left hand wrapped in 
 
 himation. 
 
 M S. Sev. Mus. Arig. iv. No. 55, pi. xiv. 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 158, 1041. Paris. 
 Domna. Munich. (Sxin.) 
 
 This is a variety on the usual representations of Asklepins : 
 the deity holds the serpent-staff differently. 
 OTHER TYPES at Pellene. 
 
 Zeus standing, naked, holds in right, long sceptre. 
 $ Sept. Sev. Berlin. (S xiv.) 
 
 Oarac. B. M. (Cf. Paus. VH. 27, 8.)
 
 MANTINEIA. 93 
 
 Tyche, holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. Loebbecke. 
 Geta. B. M. 
 
 Nike. 
 
 M Caracalla. Imh. 
 
 The Zeus is like the standing figure of that deity at Argos, 
 K xxviii. 
 
 AECADIA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 2, 6. 'O IIe\acry6<$' 6 Be rov Kapirbv rcov 
 Spvwv ovri TTOV Tracrcov, d\\d ras /3a\.dvovs rfjs (frrjyov 
 rpo<j)T)v e^evpev elvai. 
 
 ACORN. (Coins of Mantineia.) 
 
 M Auton. Fifth century. B. H. &c. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 3, 6. 'ETroirjcrev ap/crov rrjv Ka\\i<rrco, "Apre- 
 ftis Se e? xdpiv T^? ''Hpa? Karero^eva-ev avrijv. /ecu o 
 Zeu<? 'lZp/j,fjv 7re/J,7T6i cr&crai rov TratSd ol Trpocrra^a^, ov 
 ev rf) yacTTpl el%ev rj KaXXta-ra). 
 
 ARCAS. See below, under Mantineia. 
 
 BEAR. See below, under Mantineia. 
 
 CALLISTO. See Orchomenus, Methydrion. 
 
 HERMES AND ARCAS. See Pheneus. 
 
 MANTINEIA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 9, 1. *E<7Tt 8e Mavrivevai vaos St7r\ov<$ /j,d\icrrd 
 irov Kara fjiecrov roL^w Bieipyofievof rov vaov 8e ry uev 
 dryaXftd ecrriv 'A.crK\,rj7riov, riyyv] 'A\rcauevov<j. 
 
 ASKLEPIUS standing, serpent-staff under left shoulder. 
 
 & S. Sev. and Carac. M. n. 249, 33, 35. 
 Domna. Loebbecke. (S xv.) 
 Plautilla. B. M. 
 
 Hygieia standing. 
 
 M Domna. M. n. 249, 34. 
 
 The figure of Asklepius is of the usual conventional character, 
 
 just like the Megarean type A VI. We should naturally expect 
 
 the statue of Alcamenes to be seated ; and there is no special 
 
 reason to suppose that the figure on the coin reproduces a statue. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 9, 1. To Se erepov A.r)rov$ ecrriv lepov teal 
 
 rwv TracBwv Tlpa^ireXrj^ Be ra dyd\/j,ara elpydcraro 
 
 rplrrj per a ' AXKa/J,evr]v vcrrepov jevea. Cf. 54, 5. Mera 
 
 Se etcrpairelcnv e? dpicrrepa ocrov crrdSiov 'ATroXXwvo? 
 
 erriKX^cnv Hvdlov Kara\e\vfivov ecrriv lepov ical epelrcia 
 
 9 cirrav.
 
 94 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 APOLLO clad in long chiton and himation, holds in right, 
 plectrum, in left, lyre which rests on column. 
 
 M Domna. B. M. 
 
 Plautilla. B. M. (S xvi.) Munich. 
 
 Head of Apollo. 
 
 1 Auton. 
 
 ARTEMIS advancing, accompanied by her dog. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 280, 47. 
 Plautilla. M. S. IV. 280, 52. 
 
 Artemis clad in short chiton, holds torch in each hand. 
 
 t M Plautilla. M. S. iv. 280, 53. Paris. (S xvn.) 
 Plautilla. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 132. 
 
 We can scarcely venture to connect these types with the 
 statues of Praxiteles. 
 3. Paus. VIII. 9, 2. Mazmi/eO<n 8e e'o-rt real a\\a lepd, TO 
 
 /j,v S<WT%>09 Ato?, TO Se 'E-TrtSooTOf Ka\ovfjievov. 
 ZEUS naked facing, in right, long sceptre, left hand on hip. 
 
 M Geta. Paris. 
 
 4. Paus. VIII. 9, 2. "Eo-ri 8e /col Aioa-tcovpwv . . . iepov. 
 
 Altar or edifice ; over the top of which appear the heads and 
 
 shoulders of the DIOSCURI wearing pilei, one hand raised, 
 
 spears over shoulders. 
 M Auton. Fourth century. B. M. 
 
 Iinh. Mon. Gr. p. 199. (S xvni.) 
 
 The obverse of this coin is as follows : 
 Fisherman ? wearing conical pileus, clothes girt round waist, 
 
 and boots with toes turned up ; carries two lances. 
 M Auton. Fourth century. B. M. Photiades Coll. (S xix.) 
 
 Imh. Mon. Gr. pp. 199, 200. 
 M Auton. Ibid. 
 
 Both of these types are, on coins of so early a period, of 
 unexampled singularity. They are discussed by Imhoof I.e. 
 One of the most curious features of the supposed fisherman are 
 his boots, which are not merely turned up, but seem to end in 
 serpents ; his clotbes too are girt up in an extraordinary fashion- 
 5. Paus. VIII. 9, 3. IIpo? Se rf/s r/ H/aa9 r&> /3&>//.&> /cat 'Ap/caSo9 
 
 Tfifos TOV KaXXto-ToO? e<m. 
 Bearded head of warrior, ARCAS 1 
 M Auton. 
 
 Areas as an infant, seated. 
 M Auton. Photiades Coll. 
 Areas? standing; rests right hand on bearded Term; in left, 
 
 spear. 
 JE Sept. Sev. Berlin. (S xx.)
 
 ORCHOMENUS. 95 
 
 The terminal figure may signify a tomb, as on coins of Sicyon 
 H I- II. And in that case the hero standing may well be 
 Areas. Local heroes of the Ktistes class are very frequently 
 represented on coins of Peloponnesus. 
 
 6. Paus. VIII. 9, 7. 2e'/3ouo-t Be /cal 'Adrjvav 'A\eav, Kal 
 
 lepov re /cal ayaXpa 'A.6rjva$ earlv 'AXea? avrols. 
 Head of PALLAS, helmeted. 
 
 M JE Auton. 
 
 7. Paus. VIII. 9, 7. 'Ez/o/iucr^T; Se Kal 'Avrlvovs <T<j)icriv elvat 
 
 6eo<$' vawv 8e ev DAavriveia vecoraros eanv 6 rov 'Avrivov 
 vao<? ........ rt/ia? Se ev Mai/rtz/et'a Kara roiovSe 
 
 761/09 fy 6 'Avrivov? etc (Bidvviov 
 r^9 VTrep %a<yyaptov Trorafiov- ol Se 
 re elcn /cal M.avnvels ra avwOev. 
 M Obv. Bust of ANTINOUS. 
 
 Bev. Free horse. 
 Inscribed BETOYPIOC TOIC APKACI. 
 
 The horse is a symbol of the heroic honours paid to 
 Antinous. 
 Bridled horse. 
 jE Caracalla. Berlin. 
 
 8. Paus. VIII. 10, 2. Tlapa Be rov opov? ra ecry/ara rov 
 
 Hocret&wvos ecrri rov '\Tnriov ro lepov, ov Trpocro) crraSlov 
 Mavnveia<?' TO fjiev &rj lepov TO e<f>' 
 
 POSEIDON seated left, on rock, holds dolphin and trident. 
 
 Auton. B. M. 
 
 Poseidon naked, striding with trident; sometimes a dragon 
 
 before him. 
 uE Anton. B. M. 
 Trident. 
 M M Auton. 
 
 9. OTHER TYPES at Mantineia. 
 
 Tyche ; holds patera and cornucopiae, at altar. 
 
 M Plautilla. Imh. &c. 
 
 Nike running : holds wreath. 
 
 M PlautiUa. Berlin. 
 
 ORCHOMENUS. 
 1. Paus. VIII. 13, 1. 'Ei/ dpicrrepa rfj<; 6Sov rfjs cnro 
 
 <TiO)V, ev UTTTtVo ToO 0/30U9 TO lepOV <7Tt T^9 '
 
 96 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 13, 2. II|009 Be TTJ TroXet goavov eo-rtv 'Apre/uSo?- 
 Be ev KeBpy iie<yd\r), KOI rrjv debv ovop,d^ov<riv CLTTO TT;? 
 /ceBpov K.eBpedrtv. 
 
 ARTEMIS standing, clad in long chiton, shooting arrow from bow. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (S xxi.) 
 
 Obv. Artemis wearing petasus and short chiton, kneeling; 
 right rests on the ground, in left hand, bow, from which 
 she has just discharged an arrow; behind her, dog 
 seated (S xxil.). 
 
 Rev. CALLISTO with bosom bare, seated, and falling backward ; 
 in her bosom an arrow ; beside her, Areas playing. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. &c. (Sxxur.) 
 
 Imh. Hon. Gr. p. 203. (Areas lying. ) 
 
 Of. below, viii. 35, 8. 
 Artemis clad in short chiton ; holds in either hand a torch ; 
 
 dog at her feet. 
 
 jE Sept. Sev. Mus. Arig. I. Imp. 7, 104. 
 Domna. Mus. Arig. II. Imp. 21, 289, 290. 
 Domna. Imh. (S xxiv.) Munich. (Artemis turned the other way. ) 
 
 Artemis ? seated on throne ; her right hand resting on throne ; 
 
 in her left a parazonium. 
 EL Auton. Prok.-Osten, Ined. 1854, p. 45. Imh. 
 
 We cannot venture to identify the various types of Artemis. 
 The figure holding two torches (S xxiv.) nearly resembles that 
 at Mantineia (S XVII.), and that at Caphyae (T xiv.). The 
 figure described by Prokesch-Osten as a seated Artemis must 
 almost certainly be a personification of Arcadia. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 13, 2 Kat IIocretS<wi>o9 ea-ri teal 
 
 'A^/JoSm;? lepd' \i6ov Be ra d<yd\,/j,aTa. 
 POSEIDON standing, holds dolphin and trident. 
 M Domna. M. S. iv. 284, 70. 
 
 Female figure draped, resting right arm on column, holds in 
 left, apple or helmet ? (Venus Victrix ?) 
 
 M Domna. M. S. IV. 284, 69. 
 
 Domna. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 136. Loebbecke. (T I.) 
 
 3. OTHER TYPES at Orchomenus. 
 
 Dionysus standing, holding wine-cup; beneath the left arm, 
 
 stump of tree, panther at his feet. 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. Paris. (T n.) Munich (Without tree). 
 Apollo in long drapery, leaning on tripod. 
 
 & Sept. Sev. 
 
 Asklepius standing. 
 M Sept. Sev., Carac.
 
 PHENEUS. 97 
 
 Tyche, holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 
 jE Carac. 
 
 Two Satyrs facing ; one holds grapes and pedum, the other 
 
 krater over shoulder. 
 jESept. Sev. B. M. (T in.) 
 Hero, holding spear and shield. 
 JEi Auton. 
 
 PHENEUS. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 14, 5 'QSvcrcrea efyacrav .... ISpv- 
 
 (racrdai pev lepbv evravOa 'ApreytuSo?, /cat 
 6vofj,darat Trjv Oeov, ev6a rijs t&evearifcrjs ^wpas evpe 
 
 'iTTTTOV?. 
 
 Obv, Head of Artemis. 
 
 Rev. Horse feeding. 
 
 JE Auton. B. M. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 14, 10. ec5y Se Tiftwa-iv 'E,p/J,rjv 
 
 fjt,d\icrTa, Kal dywva ayovcriv f/ Ep/iata, /cat z/ao? 
 
 'Ep/tioO o-(j)tcrt teal aya\fj,a \idov TOVTO eTroiija-ev avrjp 
 
 'AOrjvalos, Eu^etp Eu/3ouX/Sou. 
 HERMES naked, carrying in one hand, caduceus, in the other, 
 
 young Areas; inscr. APKAZ. 
 
 Jl Auton. Fourth century. B. M. Loebbecke. (T rv.) Berlin. (T v.) 
 Hermes wearing petasos and chlamys, seated on rock ; holds in 
 
 right, caduceus, left rests on rock. 
 JR Auton. Fourth century. B. M. Imh. Paris. 
 Hermes standing : holds purse and caduceus ; wears chlamys ; 
 
 before him, term. 
 
 M Carac. M. S. 286, 83. Berlin. Imh. (T vi.) 
 Plautilla. M. S. 287, 88. 
 Geta. Loebbecke. 
 
 Head of Hermes ; caduceus. 
 
 ./R M Auton. 
 
 The autonomous coins (T rv. and v.) give us no doubt a group 
 invented by the die-sinker, and not a copy of any sculptural 
 work. T VI., on the other hand, seems, from the presence of the 
 Term, to be a reproduction of a statue, very possibly that of 
 Eucheir, who was, as Brunn (Gr. Kun., I. 551) maintains, an 
 artist of early imperial times, or thereabouts. The general 
 type is not unlike that of the Hermes on the Ephesiau Column, 
 a type widely spread in Roman times (Jaurn. Hell. Stud. 
 m. 96).
 
 98 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 3. Paus. VIII. 15. <&evedrai$ Be Kal A^/z^rpo? eo-rtv lepov 
 eTrltcXrjcriv 'EXeucrw'a?, /cat ay overt rfj 6eu> re\err)v, ra 
 J fj\evcrivt Bpcafjueva teal rrrapa (r^icn ra avra <f>d<TKOvre<} 
 KadearrjKevac. 
 
 Head of DEMETER. 
 
 M M Auton. Fourth century. 
 HADES seated, Cerberus at his feet. 
 M Carac. Mion. n. 252, 55. M. S. iv. 286, 82. 
 Plautilla. Paris. 
 
 Hades standing, Cerberus beside him. 
 
 M Plautilla. M. S. iv. 287, 86. 
 
 DIONYSUS standing, naked, holds wine-cup and grapes, rests 
 
 left arm on tree : beside him, panther. 
 M Carac. Munich. (T vn.) Paris. 
 Plautilla. B. M. St. Flor. p. 96. 
 
 Dionysus ; holds kantharos and thyrsos. 
 
 M Carac. M. S. iv. 287, 85. 
 Mion. II. 252, 54. 
 Geta. M. S. iv. 228, 89. Paris. 
 
 Bearded Satyr, Marsyas ? naked, right hand raised. 
 M S. Severus. Khousopoulos. (T vin. ) Paris. 
 
 CLEITOR. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 21, 3. KXeiTop/049 Be lepa ra eTnfyavearara 
 
 Aij/utrjrpos, TO 8e 'Acr/eX^TUoO. 
 
 DEMETER ? standing ; holds patera and long sceptre. 
 M Domna. B. M. (T ix.) 
 
 On obv. Head of Domna as Demeter, holding cornucopiae. 
 ASKLEPIOS standing. 
 .ffi Domna. M. S. iv. 277, 35. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 21, 4. KXeiroptot? Se /cal Aioa-fcovpcov /ca\ov- 
 
 fievwv Be ea)v M.eya\.a)v ecrrlv lepov, OQ-QV recrcrapa 
 CLTTO rrj<j 7roXet9, Kal dyd\fji,ard earns 
 
 Naked HORSEMAN on horse galloping. 
 
 M Auton. Fifth century. 
 
 This horseman may be intended for one of the Dioscuri. 
 
 3. Paus. VIII. 21, 4. neTroirjrai, Be teal eirl opov? 
 
 rptdtcovra aTrwrepw rrj$ TroXetu? vabs 
 'AOrjva? Kopta?. 
 Head of ATHENE. 
 
 M M Auton. 
 
 4. OTHER TYPES at Cleitor.
 
 ALEA. 99 
 
 Head of Helios. 
 
 & JE Auton. 
 
 Tyche standing at altar ; holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 
 M Plautilla. 
 
 STYMPHALUS. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 22, 7. 'Ei> Sru/i^Xft) 8e KOI lepov 'Apre/uSo? 
 eanv dp^alov ^Tiyx^Xta?' TO 8e aya\./j,a %6avov ecm, 
 TO, TroXXa eTrfypvcrov. Trpbs 8e TOV vaov r<o 6p6<f)(p 
 TreTroirjfjLevat Kal al %TVfji,(j>ri\l86<; elalv opviOes- cra^xw? 
 fj,ev ovv %a\e7rbv rjv Siayvcovat, Trorepov %v\ov 7rotr)/j,a 
 rjv 77 yvtyov, TetcjAaipo/Jievots Se ^pfiv effraivero elvcu 
 %v\ov jjiaXkov r) yvtyov. 
 
 VIII. 22, 5. Avrai fjieyedos fiev Kara yepavov eia-iv al 
 opviOes, eot/caa-i 8e i/Beat, pd^f] Se a\Ki/j,<arepa (frepovat 
 Kal ov crKoXid, axTTrep al f^et?. 
 
 Head of ARTEMIS Stymphalia crowned with laurel. 
 
 M ^E Auton. Fourth century. 
 
 Head of Stymphalian bird. 
 
 7R Auton. Fourth century. B. M. &c. Imh. (T x. ) 
 
 Same head emerging from reeds. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (T XL ) &c. 
 
 HERAKLES naked, striking with club ; in his left hand, bow and 
 lion's skin. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (T xn.) &c. 
 
 Head of Herakles. 
 
 & Auton. 
 
 It is interesting to compare the birds' heads on the coins 
 T x., xi., with the exact description of Pausanias. They are 
 an extreme instance of the dislike of the Greeks for monstrous 
 forms, reducing the terrible Stymphalian birds of the tale to 
 mere ordinary water-fowl. It is very curious, too, that Herakles 
 should be represented as attacking these birds with club rather 
 than bow. 
 
 ALEA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 23, 1. e<wi> Se lepa avrodt, 'Apre/uSo? e<TTiv 
 
 Obv. Head of ARTEMIS. 
 
 Rev. A A Strung bow. 
 
 ^R and ^E Auton. B. M. Imh. 
 
 Obv. Head of ATHENA. 
 
 Sev. AAEA in wreath. 
 JE Auton. Paris.
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 CAPHYAE. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 23, 3. Ka^i/arat? Se lepa Oewv 
 
 e<rrt /cat e7r//cA,?7<Ttz> Kva/caX^ata? 'Apre/uSo?. ecrrt Se 
 
 ayrot9 /cat 0/309 Km/caXo9, eV$a eTreretov re\,err)v ciyovcn 
 
 rfj ' AprejjLioi. 
 POSEIDON standing, holds dolphin, and trident transversely, 
 
 himation wrapped round waist. 
 JE Domna. Paris. Berlin. (T xni.) M. S. iv. 275, 27. 
 
 2. Paus. 23, 6. Ka^ytoi/ 8e d(f>ecrrrjKev ocrov trrdSiov Koz/- 
 
 Si/Xea ycapiov, /cat 'Apre/utSo? aX<ro9 /cat ^ao? ecrriv 
 evravda Ka\ovfj,evr)<$ Ko^SuXeartSo? TO ap^alov. 
 AETEMIS facing, clad in short chiton, a quiver at her shoulder, 
 holds torch in each hand. 
 
 M Auton. M. S. iv. 275, 24. 
 
 Sept. Sev. B. M. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 119. 
 Domna. M. S. IV. 276, 29. Imh. (T xiv.) 
 
 3. OTHER TYPES at Caphyae. 
 
 Demeter standing, holds poppy-head and corn-ears. 
 
 M Auton. Imh. (T xv.) Prok.-Ost. Inedita 1854, p. 44. 
 
 Demeter, or Artemis, clad in long chiton, holds a torch in right 
 
 hand. 
 
 M Carae. M. S. iv. 276, 31. 
 Female figure, indistinct, running, a serpent arched over her 
 
 head ; holds in right, head of serpent. 
 M, Domna. Paris. (T xvi.) 
 Apollo naked, facing, holds in right hand, branch ; in left, 
 
 which rests on tripod, a scroll. 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. Loebbecke. (T xvn.) 
 Asklepios standing. 
 M Geta. Berlin. 
 
 Tyche, holds patera and cornucopiae, at altar. 
 M Sept. Sev., Plautilla. Paris, &c. 
 
 PSOPHIS. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 24, 1. M/'a></>iSo9 Se ol fiev $acnv ol/cia-Trjv 
 <yeve<r0ai, tyaxfri&a rbv "Appa>vo<; rov 'l^pvfj.dvdov rov 
 'A/ncrra rov TlapQdovo? rov Tlepicfrtfrov rov NvKrlfJtov 
 roi9 Se ecrriv elprjfieva dwyarepa tycoffiioa elvai Edvdov 
 rov 'lEipvpdvOov rov 'Ap/caSo9. 
 
 Bust of nymph PSOPHIS wearing wreath, sceptre on shoulder. 
 
 JE Geta. Mus. Sanclem. m. j>l. 27, 263.
 
 PSOPHIS. 101 
 
 2. Pans. VIII. 24, 5. Aeyerai Be co? 'Hpa/eX?}? Kara Trpoa- 
 
 Eupfcr$e<W9 Trapa rcS 'Epiyiai>$a> Brjpdcreiev vv 
 teal d\fefj rov? aXXov? VTreprjpKora. 
 Obv. Head of HERAKLES bearded, laur. 
 -Re-y. Boar running. 
 M Auton. Paris. Imh. Sest., Mus. Font. pi. i. 16. 
 
 3. Paus. VIII. 24, 12. WGHfriStom Se /tat Trapa ro3 'EpvpavQw 
 
 vao<$ earLv 'Epvfidv6ov KOI ayaX/ia. 
 River-god Erymantlius reclining, naked to waist, holds in 
 
 right, branch; rests left elbow on vase ; below, fish. 
 ^E Domna. M. S. iv. 291, 106. Imh. (T xvin.) 
 
 4. Paus. VIII. 21, 2. Etcrt Se l^dv^ ev rta 'Apoaviw KOL aXXot 
 
 teal 01 7TOiKi\laL Kokov/jievo^ TOVTOVS Xeyofcri Toy? 
 
 TrotKiXias <f)de < yye(r6ai Ki'X^fj rrj opvidt eoi/co?. 
 Fish. 
 M Auton. Fifth century. 
 
 5. Paus. viii. 23, 8. 'E-Trt 8pv/j,bv d(f)i^rj ^opwva Bid re 
 
 'Apyeadcov Kal Avtcovvrayv Ka\ov/j,evwv Kal 
 ayei p,ev Srj 6 ^opcov rr)v 7rl 'WcocfrtSos' 6r)p 
 re KOI ocroi Spv/j,ol rot9 'Apicdcriv elcrlv aXXot 
 
 , dypiov? v$ Kal ap/crou? Kal ^eXcova^ /j,6<yicrra<f 
 
 Stag : forepart of doe. 
 ^R Auton. Fifth century. 
 
 ARTEMIS clad in short chiton, her right hand on her side, her 
 left on a spear, quiver at shoulder. 
 
 JE Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 2!>1, 105. 
 
 Sept. Sev. Lcake, Eur. Sup. p. 143. (T xix.) 
 
 Domna. Leake, I. c. (Position of arms reversed.) (T xx.) 
 
 6. Paus. VIII. 24, 4. "E^et Be ra<; 77^7^5 o 'E/ay/iai/^o? eV 
 
 opei AajjLTreta- TO Be opo? rovro iepov elvai Tlavbs 
 
 \eyerai. 
 Pan standing, holds in his hands human head (mask or 
 
 syrinx ?). 
 
 ^E Geta. Vaill. Num. Gr. p. 120. 
 Naples. Cat. No. 7578. 
 
 7. OTHER TYPE at Psophis. 
 
 Dionysus clad in short chiton ; holds wine-cup and long 
 
 thyrsus. 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. 
 
 Domna. Munich. (T xxi.)
 
 102 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 THELPUSA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 25, 4. Mera Se e\7rova-av eirl TO lepov TJ^ 
 
 o AaScoy Karetcrt TO ev 'Oy/m'av Kd\ovac Se 
 ol e\7rovcrioi TTJV deov, K.T.\. 
 vni. 25, 7. TT)I/ oe A^^T/ja Te/celv <j>a<rlv ex TOV HoaeiSct)- 
 vof QvyaTepa, rj<; TO ovo/Jia <; dreXecrTOf? \e>yeiv ov 
 vojjii^ovcn, /cal 'iirirov TOV 'Apecova. 
 Obv. Head of DEMETEE, adorned with necklace ending in 
 
 horse's head. 
 
 Rev. EPIQN. The horse ARION, running, bridled. 
 M and JE Auton. Paris. Imh. (T xxn., xxm.) Man. Gr. p. 209. 
 
 2. OTHER TYPES at Thelpusa. 
 
 PAN horned, wearing nebris over shoulders and holding pedum, 
 touching with his left hand the top of a reed (Syrinx). 
 
 M Sept. Sev. B. M. 
 Plautilla. Imh. 
 Geta. Vienna. (T xxiv.) 
 
 See Zeitschr.f. Num. I. p. 125. The love of Pan for Syrinx 
 and her transformation into a reed is related by several ancient 
 writers. Pausanias VIII. 38, 11, mentions Melpeia in Arcadia 
 as the place where the syrinx was invented by Pan. 
 
 Female head, radiate, possibly of Demeter Erinnys. 
 
 M Auton. 
 
 Isis. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 
 Artemis hunting. 
 
 M Geta. 
 
 Dionysos naked, holds wine-cup and thyrsus. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. 
 
 Hermes, holds purse and caduceus. 
 
 M Geta. Berlin. 
 
 Tyche ; holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 
 M Geta. Loebbecke. 
 
 HERAEA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 26, 1. 'Hpaieva-i oe ol/cia-Tr)? pev yeyovev 
 o A.v/cdovo<?, KCITCM Be rj TroXi? ev Se%ia TOV 
 
 Kiver god ALPHEIUS reclining, before him an ox standing ; 
 
 below, fishes. 
 
 ^E Carac. Mion. u. 248, 30. Paris. 
 
 The ox may bear allusion to the sacrifices brought to Alpheius 
 in Peloponnese, especially at Olympia.
 
 MEGALOPOLIS. 103 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 26, 1. EtVt Be fcal Aiovvaw vaoL' rov fiev 
 Ka\,ovcnv avrwv Tlo\irrjv, rbv Be A.virr)v. ical oiKr)/j,d 
 ecrri (T<j)i<Tiv evda rc3 Atoz>ucr&) ra opyia ayovaiv. 
 
 DIONYSUS standing ; in both hands grapes, left elbow resting 
 on column ; beside him, panther. 
 
 JE Carac. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 128. (T xxv.) 
 
 Dionysus in short chiton ; holds in each hand grapes. 
 
 M Carac. Leake, 1. c. (T xxvi. ) 
 
 The former of these types is characteristic, and clearly the 
 copy of a statue. 
 3. Paus. VIII. 26, 2. "Eo-rt ical vaos ev rfj 'Hpata Ilaz/o? are 
 
 Tot9 'Apfcdcriv eTTi^coptov. r^9 Se f/ Hpa9 rov vaov /cat 
 
 a\\a epeiTria teal ol /aoz/e<> ert eXeiTrovro. 
 PAN standing, left foot resting on rock, holds in left hand 
 
 spear, chlamys over shoulder. 
 ^R Anton. Fifth century. 
 
 HERA standing, holds in right hand sceptre. 
 M Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 278, 39. 
 Head of Hera, veiled. 
 
 M Anton. Sixth century. 
 
 4. OTHER TYPES at Heraea. 
 
 Head of Pallas. 
 
 Head of Artemis. 
 
 .iR Auton. 
 
 Artemis kneeling, discharging arrow. 
 
 M Auton. Imh. Photiades Coll. 
 
 Tyche, holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 
 JE Sept. Sev. Paris. 
 
 MEGALOPOLIS. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 30, 2. He/ot'/SoXo? Se eVrti/ eV ravrrj \l6a>v ical 
 
 lepbv Avtcatov Ato<?. eVoSo? B' e? avro OVK ea-ri. 
 30, 10. Tavrrjs TT}? cnoas ecrrlv eyyvrdTO) 009 7rpo9 r)\i,ov 
 dvio-^ovra lepbv ^(OTrjpo<j e7riK\r)<7iv At69- Kexoa-fjL'rjTai Be 
 Trepij; tciocri. KaOe^opevw Be roS Ati ei> 0pova> 
 ry fiev 17 Meyd\r) 770X49, eV dpia-repa Be 
 S<Tei'/oa9 aydXpa. ravra pev \i0ov rov HevTe\r)(riov 
 'A.8r)vatoi K.r)<f)i(roBoTO<; Kal 'Eevofywv elprydo-avro. 
 
 ZEUS seated facing, on throne ; holds in raised right, sceptre ; 
 himation over left shoulder. 
 
 JE Sept. Sev. B. M. (V I.) Paris. 
 
 Head of Zeus. 
 
 M JE Auton. B. M. &c.
 
 104 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 We can scarcely hesitate to consider the facing Zeus (V I.) as 
 a reminiscence of the statue by Cephisodotus and Xenophon, 
 set up soon after B.C. 370. The figure seems to be of the noble 
 Attic type. What Zeus holds in his left hand it is unfortunately 
 not possible to distinguish. 
 
 AETEMIS ? standing to left clad in short chiton ; spear in 
 raised right hand, in left the end of her over-dress. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 282, 59. Berlin. (V n.) 
 Carac. M. S. iv. 282, 61. (?) 
 
 Cf. VIII. 32, 4. "Eo-rt Be ev ry jj,olpa ravry Xo0o? 
 avicryovra r)\iov, KOI 'Ayporepas ev avrw vaos ' 
 avdOrj/uia 'ApicrroSijfj,ov KOL rovro. 
 
 In the Brunswick cabinet is a coin of Sept. Severus, on which 
 is a figure in attitude and dress resembling V n. but the head 
 bearded and turned to the right. It is therefore very doubtful 
 if the figure in the plate be of Artemis. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 38, 5. "Eo-rt Be ev ro3 Av/cat<a Ilaz/o? re lepov 
 teal Trepl avro aXao<? BevBpcov, teal ImroBpofJios re KCU irpo 
 avrov ardSiov. 
 30, 3. Kal ajaX/jLa Havbs \tQov irerroiripivov e7rifc\r]cri<; 
 
 Be Olvoeif ea-rlv avrw. 
 PAN horned naked, seated on rock, over which is spread his 
 
 garment, holds in right hand pedum ; below, syrinx. 
 JR Auton. Fourth century. B. M. &c. 
 
 Klagenfurt, X A P I on rock. Loebbecke,' O A Y M on rock. (V in. ) 
 Pan horned seated on rock, right hand raised, in left pedum. 
 JR Auton. Sometimes eagle before him. B. M. &c. 
 Pan naked seated on rock, holds in right hand pedum which 
 
 rests on the ground, left rests on rock ; all in wreath. 
 jE Auton. B. M. (V iv.) 
 
 Pan walking, spear in right hand, in left pedum. 
 M Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 281, 58. Paris. 
 
 (Probably an incorrect description of the type V n.) 
 3. Paus. VIII. 30, 3. "Ecrrt Be rrpo rov repevovf rovrov %X- 
 KOVV aya\,/jia 'AvroXXfovo? 6ea<; aiov, /j,e<yedo<; [lev e'<? 
 77-080.5 BcoBetca, eKOfJ,icrdr) Be e/c rfjs <&i i ya\.ea>v crvvre\,eia 
 e? Kocrfjiov ry M.eyaX.r] iroXei. 
 APOLLO naked, laur., standing, leaning on column, holds branch 
 
 in right, and bow in left. 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. (Vv.) 
 Carac. M. S. iv. 282, 60.
 
 LYCOSURA. 105 
 
 The coin probably reproduces the pose of the colossal figure 
 mentioned in the text. On the coin figured branch and bow 
 are not clearly distinguishable. 
 
 4. Pans. VIII. 30, 7. . Ttov ap^aiwv Be orcivQe. vabs T 1^779 ical 
 
 dyaXfia \i6ov TreTroirjrai rroBwv rrevre OVK diroBeov. 
 TYCHE, holds rudder and cornucopiae. 
 
 & Sept. Sev. Paris. 
 
 5. Paus. VIII. 31, 3. "Ecm. Be fcal f HpaX?}5 irapa rfj A^/z^rpt 
 
 peyedos fJid\Lcrra Trrj^vv rovrov rbv 'Hpa/eXea elvat rwv 
 'IBalwv Ka\ovfjiev(i)v AaKrv\a>v 'Ovo/j,dicpir6<s <j>r]cnv ev 
 rot? eirecn. /celrai Be rpdire^a e^Trpocrdev. Cf. 31, 7. 
 HERAKLES bearded, in form of term, lion's skin wrapped about 
 him, the head visible under his left arm. 
 
 M Carac. Paris. (V"VI.) 
 
 Herakles bearded in form of term ; no lion's skin. 
 
 Geta. Berlin. (V vn.) 
 
 6. Paus. VIII. 31, 5. "Ecrrt Be eVro? rov TrepiftoKov ..... 
 
 iepov. Cf. 32, 2, epeiina Be KOL T^? 'A^poStTTy? 
 TO Iepov, 7r\r)v ovov irpovaos re eXeiVero ert KOI 
 dpidfibv rpia, eTriK\r)a-is Be Ovpavia, rrjB' e&Ti 
 , rfj rptrr) Be ovBev eriOevro. 
 APHRODITE naked facing, in attitude of Medicean Venus ; 
 
 beside her, dolphin. 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. (Vvm.) 
 
 METHYDRION. 
 1. Paus. VIII. 35, 8. ^raBiovs Be 005 rpiaKovra 
 
 etc Kpovv<t)v Ta<^o? earl KaXXtcrToO?, %<w/za 7775 
 
 BevBpa e-^ov 7ro\\a //.ey rwv aKapiraiv, TroXXa Be teal 
 
 ijfiepa. 7rl Be a/c/ow TOO ^(ajj,art Iepov ecrTiv 'A/are/itSo? 
 
 CALLISTO, falling back, pierced with an arrow, her arms 
 extended ; beside her, the infant Areas lying. 
 M Anton. Obv. Head of Zeus. 
 
 Imh. M. G. p. 200, pi. E. 9. 
 
 LYCOSURA. 
 1. Paus. VIII. 38, 5. "Eo-Tt Be ev TO> Avicalq) .... a-rdBtov 
 
 TO Be dp^alov TWV Avtcaiwv rjyov rbv dywva evravda. 
 AYKAIA on coins of Sept. Severus. Athens. 
 The early silver coins of the Arcadians, having on the obverse 
 a seated figure of Zeus and on the reverse a female head, were 
 formerly attributed to Lycosura and regarded as illustrative of
 
 106 NUMISMATIC COMMENTAEY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 the cultus of Zeus Lycaeus, and of Despoena. It is, however, 
 shewn in Imhoof's Monnaies Grecques, p. 196, that they were 
 probably issued at Heraea, and have reference to the cultus of 
 Zeus at Olympia and that of Artemis at Heraea. 
 
 PHIGALEIA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 39, 5. "Eo-ri Se ^(oreipas re lepov evravOa 
 'A/9re/uSo5 /cat aja\fj,a opdov \l6ov etc rovrov 8e rod 
 lepov Kal ra<f Tro/iTra? cr(f)icrt Tre/jLiretv /careem;. 
 
 ARTEMIS standing, clad in short chiton with diplois, holds 
 bipennis and lance. 
 
 JE Sept. Sev. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 140. 
 
 M Carac. B. M. Imh. (V ix. ) 
 
 Artemis as huntress. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. M. S. iv. 288, 91. 
 
 Artemis holding a torch in right hand. 
 
 M Plautilla. M. S. iv. 290, 102. 
 
 Artemis (or Demeter) in long chiton, holding out a torch in 
 
 each hand. 
 M S. Severus. Lambros. (Vx.) 
 
 Domna. M. S. iv. 289, 95. 
 
 Carac. Paris. 
 
 Artemis Soteira sometimes bears torches (Megara A I.). 
 2. Paus. VIII. 39, 6. 'Ez> 8e TO> yvfjLvaa-iw TO dydXfia TOV 
 
 'E/tyiou afJiTre^ofJueva) pev eoi/cev ipdriov, Kara\ijyei Se outc 
 
 e? 7r6Sa9, a\\a e? TO rerpdycovov a-^rj/jua. 
 Term-like figure of HERMES, clad in himation, and holding 
 
 caduceus in right hand ; end of garment wrapped round 
 
 left arm. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 140. Berlin. (V xn.) 
 Carac. M. S. iv. 290, 100. 
 Geta. Leake, Eur. p. 90. 
 
 Similar figure, caduceus not visible, placed in arched niche 
 between columns. 
 
 M Domna. Munich. (V xi.) 
 Carac. M. S. iv. 290, 101. 
 
 3. Paus. VIII. 39, 6. TIeTroirjTcu Se Kal Aiovv<rov 
 eTrlic\r)(n<S fiev <TTIV avrq) Trapa TWV 
 'Atcpa,To<f)6po<;. 
 
 DIONYSUS standing, holds wine-cup and thyrsus. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Naples. 
 
 4. Paus. VIII. 41, 2. HoTa/io? Se 6 tca\ovfji6vo<; A.vfj,aj; e/ 
 
 fjiev 9 Tt]v NeSay Trap avrrjv pewv <&iya\iav, yevecrBat 
 Se Tovvoj^a <j>acn ry Trorafjbw /cadapcrtcov ra>v 'Pea?
 
 PHIGALEIA. 107 
 
 RIVER-GOD seated on rock looking back, himation over one 
 shoulder ; holds in right, vessel from which he pours, in 
 left, branch. 
 
 <E Plautilla. Paris. 
 
 Geta. Munich. (V xni.) 
 
 5. Paus. VIII. 41, 10. *A(j>poBiTr) Be ea-nv ev Ko)T4\&)- /cat 
 avrfj vaof re r\v OVK e^wv ert opofyov KOI ayaA,//.a 
 
 APHRODITE naked, leans her right elbow on a pillar, with left 
 
 hand grasps her hair ; head turned to left. 
 M Plautilla. Loebbecke. (V xiv.) 
 6. Paus. VIII. 42, 1. To Be erepov rtav opwv TO 'EXtuop airtorepw 
 
 fiev QiyaXias ocrov re (rraSiois rpid/covrd ecrri, faffflfffrpos 
 
 Be dvrpov avTodi lepov 7rtK\r)criv MeXatV^?, cf. 42, 4 ; 
 
 see also above under Thelpusa. 
 DEMETER 1 holding a torch in each hand. See above under 
 
 Artemis. 
 Demeter veiled, facing, right hand extended, in left sceptre ; 
 
 over-dress over both arms. 
 M Domna. Munich. (V xv.) 
 Demeter veiled standing left, holds in right hand poppy-head 1 
 
 left rests on her side. 
 M Carac. Munich. (V xvi.) 
 Demeter standing veiled, holds in right long sceptre, left 
 
 wrapped in mantle. 
 ^E M. Aurel. Paris. (Vxvn.) 
 Demeter facing, veiled and clad in chiton, holds in each hand 
 
 ears of corn 1 . 
 jE Domna. Paris. (V xviu.) 
 
 7. OTHER TYPES at Phigaleia. 
 Pallas standing, holds patera and sceptre. 
 M Domna. Paris. Carac. &c. 
 
 Pallas, holds olive-branch and spear. 
 
 JE Carac. 
 
 Pallas, holds spear and shield. 
 
 JE Sept. Sev. Paris. . 
 
 Pallas, holds Victory and spear. 
 
 & Carac. Oomna. 
 
 Pallas, leaning on spear and another figure with both hands 
 
 extended, probably Demeter ; behind the latter, altar. 
 M Domna. B. M. (Vxix.) 
 Asklepius standing. 
 
 /E Sept. Sev. Paris &c.
 
 108 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 TEGEA. 
 
 1. Paus. VIII. 45, 6. Ta Be ev 7-049 aerols, ecrnv e/j 
 
 TI Qr\pa rov vbs rov KaXuSoWof iTe.7roirnie.vov Be Kara 
 /Meaov fj,d\io-ra rov uo<? rfj fiev earns 'AraXdvrrj 
 Kal r. X. 
 
 47, 2. ev rc3 vaq> rd d^io\oy(orara, eari fjuev rb Bepfta uo<? 
 rov KaAt/8&Wou. 
 
 ATALANTA as a huntress, quiver at shoulder, spearing the 
 Calydonian boar, who stands under a tree. 
 
 JE Domna. Mion. n. 256, 75. Paris. Bibl. Turin. (V xx.) 
 M. S. iv. 294, 120. 
 
 2. Paus. VIII. 45, 4. Teyedrais Be 'AOrjvds TT}? 'AXea? TO 
 lepbv rb dp^alov eTrolrjcrev "AXeo?. 
 
 46, 4. T?}? 'A0r)vd<: rb a<ya\/j,a eXe^ayro? Bta 
 
 Travrbf TreTroiijf^evov, Te%vr) Be 'Ez/8o/ou. 
 
 47, 1. To Be d<ya\jjba ev Tejea rb e<]>' TI^WV etco/jt,icr0r) fiev 
 CK Brjfiov rov MavOovpeo)v, '\rc7rla Be Trapa rot? Mav- 
 Oovpevo-iv el%ev eTriKXyo-iv. 
 
 ATHENE, fighting. 
 
 M Auton. Leake, Eur. p. 98. 
 
 Athene, in long chiton ; holds raised spear and shield. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Leake, Eur. Sup. p. 147. (V xxi.) 
 
 It may, perhaps, be doubted whether the statue which served 
 as model for the coin V xxi. was the statue by Endoeus, re- 
 moved to Rome by Augustus, or the later statue called Hippia 
 brought to supply its place. Brunn (G. K. I. 118) has shewn 
 that the date of Endoeus must be brought down to about 
 B.C. 500, and the type of statue on our coin is not inappropriate 
 to such a time ; but on the other hand it is unlikely that the 
 die-cutters of Tegea would attempt in the time of Severus to 
 reproduce a statue removed to Rome, rather than one which 
 remained among them, and the attitude on the coin is well 
 suited to Athene Hippia if we suppose her driving in her 
 chariot against the Giants. There is a likeness between the 
 type on this coin and that which at Pellene probably reproduces 
 an early statue by Pheidias, S x. 
 
 Obv. Head of Pallas. 
 
 Sev. Owl: inscribed A6ANA AAEA. 
 
 JE Auton. Leake, I. c. 
 
 Head of ALEUS; inscribed AAEoZ- 
 
 M Auton. Leake, 1. c. Iinh.
 
 TEGEA. 109 
 
 3. Pans. viii. 47, 5. Aeyovre? o>9 K^^et rc3 'AXeov yevotro 
 
 Stopea Trapa 'AOrjvds dvd\wrov e<? TOI/ irdvra 
 
 eli>cu Teyeav /cat aura) <f>acrlv 9 (f)V\aKrjv T?}<? 
 
 airorefjiovcrav rrjv Beov &ovvat rpi^Siv rotv MeSoucr?;?. 
 ATHENE handing to Sterope as priestess the hair of Medusa, 
 
 which the latter receives in a vessel. 
 JE Auton. B. M. Imh. (V xxii.) 
 Same scene in the presence of CEPHEUS, who receives the hair 
 
 from the goddess. 
 M Auton. B. M. Imh. (Vxxm.) 
 Head of Medusa. 
 .51 Auton. 
 
 Obv. Head of Athene. 
 Rev. Cepheus or other hero charging. 
 M S. Auton. 
 Cepheus ? naked, standing ; holds shield and spear. 
 
 M Sept. Sev. Paris. 
 
 Carac. M. S. iv. 294, 121. 
 
 4. Pans. VIII. 48, 7. Kal efcredrjvai rov T^Xe^oy \eyovrt e? 
 
 TO o/3o TO TlapOevtov, KOI ru> 
 
 TELEPHUS suckled by a doe. 
 
 jE Auton. 
 
 5. Paus. VIII. 48, 7. Trjv Se ILiXeiOviav oi Teyearai, teal jap 
 
 Tavrr)<; e^ovaiv ev rfi ayopa vabv real dyaX-fjia, eTrovofJ-d- 
 ^ovcriv Av<yrjv tv jovaai. 
 Head of EILEITHUIA, torch over shoulder. 
 
 X. Auton. B. M. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPES at Tegea. 
 
 Herakles as term ; lion's skin wrapped about him. 
 jEGeta. Imh. M. G. p. 209. (VxxiT.) 
 
 Cf. VIII. 48, 6. "A<yaX/ia rerpd^wvov Trepicrcrws yap Srj 
 ri Tc3 cr^/zaTt rovTW tpatvovrat pot, ^atpeiv ol 'Ap/cdSes. 
 This rigure of Herakles is closely like that on the coins of 
 Megalopolis (y vi.). Megalopolis being a new city built B.C. 370 
 had to borrow the forms of its deities from its neighbours. 
 Hera 1 seated, holds sceptre and pomegranate ? 
 Sept. Sev. Naples, Cat. No. 7580. 
 
 P.S. The coins of Asine in Messenia were in the first paper 
 incorrectly ascribed to Asine in Argolis, a city of which in 
 historical times only ruins remained.
 
 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 III. 
 
 BOOKS IX. X., I. 1-38. 
 AND SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 [PLATES LXXIV VIII.] 
 
 WITH this third part our Numismatic Commentary is completed. 
 It consists of three sections : 
 
 (1) Boeotia and Phocis (Paus. IX. X.) 
 
 (2) Athens (Paus. I. 1-38.) 
 
 (3) Supplement ; containing coins of Peloponnesus omitted 
 in parts I. and II. of the Commentary. 
 
 The Athenian section of the work involved great difficulties, 
 especially in view of the fact that it was difficult to treat of the 
 Athenian coins without reference to reliefs and other works of 
 art of Athens. This difficulty the compilers have met as best 
 they could : the Athenian coin-lists were drawn up in the first 
 instance by the Swiss colleague. 
 
 Special thanks are due to Herr Arthur Loebbecke and 
 Professor Rhousopoulos of Athens for most liberal envois of 
 casts: also to Professor Michaelis for valuable hints and cor- 
 rections in the Athenian section. 
 
 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER. 
 PERCY GARDNER. 
 PLATAEA. 
 
 1. Paus. IX. 2, 7. TlXaraievcri 8e vaos ecrriv "Hpa?, Oeas aftov' 
 .... rrjv Se "Hpav TeXelav Ka\ovcri, TreTroirjTat Se opQov 
 fjLeyedei ayakfta //.eya' \l6ov 8e apbfyorepa rov Tlevre- 
 \r)criov, TIpaiT\ovs Se eariv epja. IvravQa KOI aXXo 
 "H/aa? aya\fj.a KaOrmevov KaXX/^ia^o? eVo/^cre' 
 8e rrjv Oebv e
 
 PLATAEA. Ill 
 
 Head of HERA to right wearing Stephanos. 
 
 M, Auton. Fourth cciitury. Imh. Photiades. Paris. 
 B. M. Cat. pi. IX. 3. 
 
 Similar head, facing. 
 JR, Auton. Fourth century. Vienna. Imh. 
 B. M. Cat. pi. ix. 4. 
 
 Head of Hera in profile, wearing pointed stephane. 
 
 JR Auton. Fourth century. Imh. 
 
 M Auton. Imh. Num. Zeit. ill. pi. IX. 12. 
 
 The reverse of the bronze coin is a cow, which was sacrificed 
 to Hera, as a bull to Zeus. See Paus. ix. 3, 8. An ox was a 
 dedicatory offering of the Plataeans at Delphi: Paus. x. 15, 1, 
 and 16, 6. 
 
 The two silver coins with the head of Hera are fixed by 
 Mr. Head (B. M. Gat. I.e.) to B.C. 387-374. They are thus con- 
 temporary with the earlier activities of Praxiteles. We cannot 
 with confidence assert that they are in any sense copied from 
 his statue, but they will illustrate it as works of contemporary 
 art. 
 
 THEBES. 
 
 1. Paus. IX. 11,7. 'T-Trep Se TOV ^axfrpovicrTvjpa \l6ov /3<w/u.o<? 
 
 eaTiv 'ATroXXw^o? eTrt/cXr/crtz; *2,7roStov, TreTrotrjTai Se UTTO 
 r/79 Te<j>pas TWV iepetwv. 
 
 ix. 17, 2. Statue of Apollo Boedromius. 
 
 10, 2. Statue like that at Branchidae. 
 APOLLO seated on cippus, naked, holding bow ; behind him, on 
 
 the cippus, his tripod. 
 M Auton. Coin of Boeotia struck at Thebes. B. M. Cat. PI. vi. 5. 
 
 2. Paus. IX. 11, 4. 'EvTavOa '}Ipdfc\i6v <mv, ayd\fj,a Be 
 
 \i6ov \evKov Hpo^a^o? Ka\ov/J,evov, epyov Se 
 l Ey/3tW QijlSaitov' TO 8e %oavov TO dp%aiov 
 rj/3aio{ re ivai AatSaXov vevoftiKacn KOI avT<a poi 
 TraplcrTaTO e%eiv OVTCO ..... rj{3aioi<i 8e TO, ev rot? 
 aerot9 Tipa^tT\t]<; 7roirjo- TO, TroXXa 
 
 25, 4. Herakles Rhinocolustes. 
 
 26, 1 . Temple of Herakles Hippodetus. 
 HERAKLES advancing with club and bow ; carrying off tripod ; 
 
 shooting ; stringing bow ; or strangling serpents. 
 .#1 Auton. Fifth century. 
 
 B. M. Cat. PI. xii. 1-8. Num. Zeit. 1877. PI. n. 
 
 These types, representing the exploits of Herakles, are given 
 
 B 2
 
 112 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 in the B. M. Cat. to B.C. 446-426. In any case they are much 
 earlier than the time of Praxiteles, and can have nothing to do 
 with his pediments. The Herakles holding club and bow is the 
 most interesting figure, and seems clearly to stand for the Hera- 
 kles Promachos ascribed to Daedalus. But it can resemble that 
 statue only in pose and attributes ; in the execution the die- 
 cutter followed the ideas and customs of his own time. Compare 
 the Messenian coin P IV. 
 
 3. Paus. IX. 12, 4. TrA^crtW 8e &IOVIHTOV a<ya\iJ,a, KOI rovro 
 roirjcre 8i o\ov Tr\r)pes VTTO rov %O\,KOV' 
 Be ol Trai&es elpydcravro ol Tlpa%ire\ov$. 
 IX. 16, 6. Kai eyryvrdrw rov dedrpov Aiovvcrov vads 
 ecrriv e7TLK\r)o~cv Aucrtou. 
 Bearded DIONYSUS, in long chiton, standing, kantharos in 
 
 right hand. 
 
 JE Auton. First century, A.I). Photiades. (X I.) 
 Head, Coinage of Boeotia, p. 95. 
 
 Head of bearded Dionysus. 
 
 El. A\ Auton. Fifth and fourth centuries. 
 
 B. M. Cat. PI. xm. 5-9, &c. Num. Zeit. 1877, pi. u. 
 
 Head of young Dionysus. 
 M Auton. Third century B.C. 
 B. M. Cat. PI. vi. 5. 
 
 The reading in the passage first cited is corrupt : Kayser has 
 suggested eVi^wpto? in the place of TrX^pe? VTTO rov. See Brunn, 
 G.K. I. 297. The date of Onasimedes is unknown. The figure 
 on the coin is certainly archaic, as is proved not merely by the 
 beard and the long drapery, but by a certain stiffness of pose 
 and hardness in the outline of the back. We may compare the 
 Athenian coin CC VI. 
 4. Paus. ix. 16, 1. Temple of Tyche; 
 25, 3 of Mater Dindymene. 
 
 Female head laureate and turreted, TYCHE or CYBELE ; pro- 
 bably the former. 
 M late Auton. Photiades. (X H- ) 
 Head, Boeotia, p. 95. 
 
 We may compare the head probably of Messene, on the Mes- 
 senian coin P II. At Messene there was a statue of Thebes of 
 the time of Epaminondas. 
 
 5. Paus. ix. 16, 5. Temple of Demeter Thesmophoros. 
 
 25, 5. Grove of the Cabeiri, Demeter and Cora. 
 
 Head of DEMETER facing, crowned with corn. 
 
 JR M Auton. B. M. Cat. PI. vi. 6-8. Irah.
 
 THEBES. 113 
 
 6. OTHER TYPES at Thebes (see B. M. Cat.) 
 
 Poseidon seated and standing. 
 
 Head of Poseidon. 
 
 Head of Zeus. 
 
 Nike. 
 
 Athene standing, winged. See Imh. Fliigelgestalten, Num. 
 Zeit. in. pp. 1-50. This type must represent rather Athene 
 Nike than Athene Zosteria (Paus. ix. 17, 3) : the only Athene 
 mentioned by Pausanias at Thebes. 
 
 TANAGRA. 
 
 1. Paus. IX. 19, 6. ToO Se Evpiirov rrjv Ei5/3otap Kara TOVTO 
 CLTTO T?79 Bo6o>Tj> SietpyovTo?. . . . Nao<? Se 'Apre/uSo? 
 ecTTiv evravda teal ajdXfjiara \l6ov \CVKOV, TO fiev 
 SaSas (f>epov, TO 8e eot/ce To^evovarj. . . . <f>oiviKes Be irpb 
 TOV lepov 7T(f)VKacriv. 
 
 ARTEMIS huntress in a tetrastyle temple, spear in raised right 
 hand, torch in left ; on each side of it a palm-tree ; below 
 ship with sailors. 
 
 ^ Anton. Pius. Paris. (Xni.) 
 M. S. HI. 522, 110. 
 
 Artemis as above, without temple. 
 
 Anton. Pius. Imh. (X rv.) 
 
 Mion. S. in. 522, 111 (dog beside her). 
 
 In a distyle shrine, Artemis on a basis advancing to right ; 
 
 holds spear and torch. 
 M Commodus. B. M. (X v. ) 
 Artemis advancing to right, holding burning torches in both 
 
 hands. 
 M Auton. Imh. Num. Zeit. 1877, p. 29, 104. 
 
 The temple of X III. containing a statue of the hunting 
 Artemis and flanked by palm-trees is clearly the temple by the 
 Euripus. The statue X v. is not greatly different from that on 
 X in., and the difference in the number of pillars is not 
 essential. 
 
 2. Paus. IX. 20, 1. Tavaypaloi Se olieicrTijv crfyicn Tloi/j,av$pov 
 \eyovcri. . . . TloiftavSpov Se yvvaiicd (fracriv 
 t Tdvaypav dvyaTepa A/oXou' Kopivvij 8e 
 es avTrjv Tr7roirjfj.eva 'A<ra)7rov TraiSa elvai. 
 Head of POEMANDER : inscribed FIOIMANAPOC. 
 
 .K Anton. Imh. 
 
 Num. Zeit. 1877 ; 29, 106.
 
 114 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Head of ASOPUS: inscribed ACQFIOC. 
 M Auton. Imh. (X vi.) 
 Num. Zcit, 1877 : 30, 108. 
 
 The head of Asopus is bearded ; it does not appear to be 
 horned, or present the distinctive type of a river-god. 
 3. Paus. IX. 20, 4. 'Ev Se rov Aiovva-ov TW vaw 0ea<? fiev /cat 
 TO djaX/uLa d^iov, \l6ov re ov TIaptov real ep<yov KaXa- 
 /ztSo?, Oav^ia B Trape^erat pet^ov ert o Tpirow. 
 Under a roof, supported by two Atlantes on pillars, young 
 DlONYSUS wearing nebris and boots; holds kantharos 
 and thyrsos : below Triton swimming to left looking back. 
 
 M Anton. Pius. B. M. (X vn.) 
 
 M. Aurel. Imh. (Xvin.) Berlin. 
 
 Commodus. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Num. Zeit. 1877 ; p. 32, 111. E. Curtius. Arch. Zeit. 1883, 255. 
 
 P. Wolters. Arch. Zeit. 1885, 263. 
 
 Imhoof, followed by Curtius, published this coin as giving a 
 representation of the statue by Calainis, as well as of the Triton 
 in the temple. Wolters, however, maintains (1) that the Triton 
 at Tanagra was no work of art but a specimen preserved by 
 pickling ; (2) that the type of Dionysus on the coin is certainly 
 not earlier than the time of Pheidias, and cannot represent a 
 work of Calamis. There is force in these observations : perhaps 
 a solution of the difficulty may be found in this direction ; the 
 Triton may be introduced as a sort of mint-mark or local symbol 
 of the city of Tanagra of which the pickled Triton was the chief 
 boast. And the building represented on the coin may not be 
 the temple of Dionysus, but a shrine with roof supported by two 
 Atlantes, and containing not the statue by Calarnis, but one of 
 later date. 
 
 The following may be a figure of Dionysus : 
 Male figure standing to right, in raised right, sceptre or thyrsus, 
 in left an object which looks like a huge ear of corn or 
 bunch of grapes. 
 M Augustus. Imh. (X *x.) 
 
 This figure is on so small a scale that the details are obscure. 
 The god seems to wear a chlamys or nebris over the shoulders : 
 whether he is bearded or beardless is uncertain. This figure 
 should from the analogy of the other small coins of Tanagra 
 represent a statue ; and it is more like what we should 
 expect in -a Dionysus of Calamis than the figure of the 
 previous coin.
 
 TANAGRA. 115 
 
 4. Paus. IX. 22, 1. 'Ei> Tavdypa Be jrapa TO tepov TOV 
 Aiovvtrov 0e/So9 <TTIV, 6 Be 'AQpoBtTr)?, Kai o rpiros 
 TU>V vawv 'A7ro\\a>vos, ofjiov Be avTw [ai] "Apre/A/9 re 
 
 KOi ArjT(O. 
 
 X. 28, 6. Apollo at Delium. eBij\(oo-e Be teal 6 
 
 M 77809 Aart9 \6yois re, ov<? etvre 777)09 Ar)\iov<;, KOI ro3 
 
 ep7&), rjvtKa ev ^otvlcrcrr] vrji' dydXfAa evpoiv 'A7roAA&>z>09 
 
 aTreBw/cev avdis Tavaypatois e? Aij\iov. 
 
 Archaic APOLLO facing ; holds in right hand a branch, in left 
 
 a bow : hair in formal curls. 
 
 IE Germanicus. Imh. (Xx.) B. M. Eckhel, Sylloge pi. in. 10. 
 Commodus (Germanicns ?) Mus. Sanclem., pi. 24, 201. 
 
 This figure is of the usual archaic type, much like the Apollo 
 of Tectaeus and Angel ion at Delos (CC XI. xiv.) and decidedly 
 more archaic than that of Canachus at Miletus, since the legs 
 seem to be parallel to each other as well as the arms. On the 
 coin the hard outlines of chest and hips are conspicuous. This 
 figure may be a copy of the statue at Delium, traditionally said 
 to have come out of a Phoenician ship. 
 
 5. Paus. IX. 22, 1. '9 Be TOV 'Ep/ioO ra lepa TOV re K.pio(f>6pov 
 /ecu ov Tlpop^a^ov Ka\ov(ri, TOV ftev e? Trjv lirtc\T)G'tv 
 Xeyovcriv tw? o 'Ep//.^9 cr<j)icriv aTTOTpetyai vocrov 
 Trepl TO Tel^of Kptov irepieveyKtov, KOI CTTI TOVT&) 
 7roir)crei> ajdXf^a 'Ep/ioy (frepovTa Kpibv eVt TW 
 Tov Be 'E/o/z^z/ \eyovai TOV II/3o//.a^oi> 'Eper/Jtetoy vavalv 
 % Eu/Sot'a9 9 Tyv Tavaypatav vyovrtov TOV? re e(j)^/3ov<f 
 e^ayayeiv eVt Trjv fjLa^rjv, ical avTOv are ecfrrjfiov crT\e<y- 
 <yi8i apvvofjievov paKicrTa epydcracrdai TCOV EuySoewi/ 
 Tpoirrjv. Ketrat Be ev TOV Tlpo/jid^ov T&5 lepm Trjs [re] 
 avBpd^vov TO vTToXonrov Tpa(f)i]vai Be VTTO rc5 BevBpw TOV 
 
 'J&pfJ,f)V TOVTQ) VOfAtoV(TiV. 
 
 HERMES Criophorus ; naked, facing. 
 
 jEAuton. Imh. Num. Zeit. 1877, 29, 106-7. 
 
 B. M. (Xxi.) Cat. PI. x. 12. Berlin. Imh. (Xxil.) 
 Prokesch-Osten, Inedita 1854, n. 62. 
 
 Hermes Promachus facing, holds in right hand a strigil, in left 
 
 a caduceus (?) 
 
 /E Trajan. B. M. (X xm.) See however B. M. Cat. p. 66. 
 Hermes naked, his feet winged, standing to right, caduceus in 
 
 left hand ; beside him a tree on which sits an eagle ; 
 
 right hand rests on hip, left on tree.
 
 116 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 M Trajan and Ant. Pius. (X xiv.) Rhousopoulos. 
 M. Aurel. Imh. (X xv.) Vienna (X xvi.) 
 Num. Zeit. 1877, 32, 110. 
 
 The first of these types (XL, XII.) clearly reproduces the 
 Hermes of Calamis. One arm of the god passes round the fore- 
 feet and one round the hindfeet of the ram ; on one coin the 
 hands seem to meet on the breast as in the well-known Athenian 
 statue of Hermes carrying a bull, on the other coin one hand 
 seems to be higher than the other. The pose of the god is stiff 
 and his legs rigid : he is naked. He is also beardless, but 
 whether his feet are winged, the scale of the coin makes it 
 impossible to say. 
 
 The second type (xm.) is identified by means of the strigil, 
 if it be a strigil, with Hermes Promachos. This type seems 
 to represent an original of the fifth century. The hair of 
 the god is long, his left leg is advanced and bent, but he can 
 scarcely be said to lounge. 
 
 The third type (xiv. XVI.) is connected with the temple of 
 Hermes Promachus by the tree whereon the eagle sits, which is 
 doubtless the andrachnus of the story. At the foot of the tree 
 is a curved object which may be a strigil. The figure is youthful 
 and wears short hair, but the pose is somewhat stiff. 
 6. OTHER TYPES at Tanagra. 
 Three nymphs draped, hand in hand. 
 JE Augustus. B. M. Cat. PI. x. 13. Vienna. (X xvn.) 
 Cf. the Athenian coin (EE vi.) 
 
 HALIARTUS. 
 
 1. Paus. IX. 26, 5. 'ATTO Be rov opov? rovrov Trevre a-Tre^e* 
 fcal Befca a-raBiovs TroA-ew? epetVta ^Oy^rjarov. (f>ao-l Be 
 evravda olfcfjcrai HocretSewvo? TratBa ^Oy^rja'TOv. etr 
 v Be z>ao9 re /cal aya\fjia TLocreiBcovos eXetTrero 
 
 iov KOI TO aXcro?, o Brj ical" Q [wipos eiryveo-e. 
 POSEIDON naked, charging to right with raised trident. 
 
 ,ft Anton. Fifth century Imh. B. M. 
 Num. Zeit. 1871, 335, 19. 
 
 Onchestus was in the territory of Haliartus. 
 
 THESPIAE. 
 1. Paus. IX. 26, 8. TO Be aya\/j,a rb Aiovva-ov KCU avdis 
 
 TYCHE standing : holds patera and cornucopiae. 
 M Domitian. 5. M. Cat. pi. xvi. 15. (X xvin.) 
 Mion. S. in. 533, 189 (turreted).
 
 THESPIAE. 117 
 
 2. Paus. IX. 27, 5. eari Se Kal erepwOi ' A<f)poBiTT)<; 
 
 lepov, Kal dearpov re Kal djopd deas aia' evravda 
 'Hcrt'oSo? dvaKeirat %a\Kov<;. 
 Head of APHRODITE, with one or two crescents in the field. 
 
 M Auton. Fourth century B. c. Florence. 
 13. M. Cat. pi. xvi. 8-10. Imh. 
 
 Aphrodite standing draped ; the end of her himation falling 
 over her left arm, her right hand outstretched over a 
 draped figure, apparently female, who holds flower and 
 lifts her dress. 
 
 vE Domitian. Imh. (X'Xix.) 
 
 One is tempted to bring this group into connexion with the 
 statues of Athene Ergane and of Plutus standing by her, men- 
 tioned by Pausanias (26, 8). But the taller figure has none of 
 the attributes of Athene, and the shorter figure is clearly a 
 draped goddess and no representation of Plutus. The statues 
 of Aphrodite resting on a draped archaic female figure are 
 collected by Gerhard in his paper Venere Proserpina, plates 
 vii. xii. See also R. Schneider, Statuette der Artemis, Vienna, 
 1886. 
 
 3. OTHER TYPES at Thespiae. 
 
 Apollo with hair in queue seated to right on cippus, in 
 
 citharoedic costume ; holds lyre. 
 M Domitian. B. M. (X xx.) Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Here again we are at first sight tempted to see a copy of a 
 monument described by Pausanias, the seated statue of Hesiod 
 thus described by Pausanias (30, 3) : K.ddr)Tai Se Kal 'HcrioSo? 
 KiOdpav 7rl rot? yovacriv e^oov, ovSev TI ot'/ceioz/'HcrtoSft) <poprjfj,a. 
 But the figure is clearly beardless, which we can scarcely 
 suppose Hesiod to have been. It is, however, open to question 
 whether Pausanias may not have taken an Apollo Citharoedus 
 for a Hesiod. 
 
 Apollo draped, facing, holds plectrum and lyre. 
 
 M Domitian. B. M. (X xxi.) Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Veiled female head, wears calathos. 
 
 M Auton. J9. M. Cat. pi. xvi. 12-13. 
 
 Veiled female figure, right hand raised. 
 
 & Domitian. B. M. 
 
 CORONEIA. 
 1. Paus. IX. 34, 1. Tlplv 8e t ? <? Kopcovetav e ' 
 
 d<j>iKea-0ai, rfjs 'IroWa? ' Affrjvds earl TO lepov. . . . 'Ei/
 
 118 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 ecrrtv d<yd\fjiara' re-^vrj Be 'AyopaKpirov, fj,a0r]rov re Kal 
 epw/Jievov QeiBtov. dveOecrav Be Kal Xaplrwv djd\fjbara 
 CTT e/ioO. Aeyerat Be KOI roiovBe, 'loBdftav iep<ojAevi)v ry 
 6e<a vvfcrcop 69 TO refievos e<re\6elv, KOI avrfj rrjv 'Adrjvdv 
 (pavfjvai, TO> %irwvi, Be rrj<? deov rrjv MeSoucr^? eTreivat 
 
 Head of ATHENE facing, and in profile. 
 
 ^RAuton. B. M. Cat. H. vn. 10-11. 
 Imh. Num. Zeit. 1877, 20, 57. 
 
 Gorgoneion. 
 
 Jl Auton. B. M. Cat. pi. vn. 6-9. 
 Imh. Num. Zeit. 1877, 19, 56-57. 
 
 PHOCIS. 
 
 1. Paus. X. 2, 57. Mention of Onomarclms and Phalaecus. 
 Both names are found on autonomous copper of Phocis 
 B. M. Gat. p. 23, &c. 
 
 DELPHI. 
 
 1. Paus. X. 5, 1. "Ecrri Se Kal avoSo? $ia T^? AavX/So? e'<? 
 
 ra aKpa rov TLapvaa-ov, fjiaKporepa rrjs e/c AeX<^wi/, ov 
 fievroi Kal Kara ravrd ^a\e7rij. 
 PARNASSUS within wreath; inscribed flYOIA. 
 
 JE Auton. Millingen, Recucil n. 11. Hus. Sanclem. I. 179. 
 
 In the engraving of Millingen, Parnassus appears to be 
 depicted on the coin much in the style of modern landscape- 
 painting, a mountain with three summits. This is for Greek 
 art a most unusual mode of representation, the nearest parallel 
 being the type of Mons Argaeus on the coins of Caesareia in 
 Cappadocia, and the mountains on two coins of Amisus, struck 
 by Trajan and Hadrian (Imh.) 
 
 2. Paus. X. 5, 13. rov &' e<' TH^WV rw 6ea> vabv Q>KoS6/j,r)o-av 
 
 ajro rwv tepwv 01 ' Ap(f>tKrv6ve<; ^pij/jidrwv, dp%i- 
 
 Be [ri?] ^Trlv6apo<s eyevero avrov Koplvdios. 
 X. 19, 4. Ta Be ev rot? aerot?, ea-riv "A/ore/us Kal Ar)ra> 
 Kal MoOcraf . . . . ra /j,ev Brj Trpwra avrwv 
 fiadrjrrjs KaXa//,t8o9 ecrriv epyacrd- 
 
 24, 1. 'Ei/ Be TO) Trpovdy r<o ev AeA,^>ot9 <yeypa/ji/Aeva 
 earlv axfte^ijf^ara dvdpcoTrois 69 fitov' e<ypd(jyr) Be VTTO 
 dvBpwv o>9 yevecrdat ao(f)ov<i \e r yov<riv"RX\,r)ve<;. 
 
 24, 4. evrrjKe Be Kal djd\fj,ara Moipobv Bvo- dvrl Be
 
 DELPHI. 119 
 
 O.VTWV XT}? T/3/T?7<? Zeu<? re 
 (T(f>iai Trapea-rrjKe Motpayer?;?. 
 24, 5. '9 8e TOI) i/aoO TO (r(i)Tdra> Trapiacrl re e? 
 
 t, at xpvcrovv 'ATroXXcoyo? erepov ayaX/ia dvd- 
 
 Front of tetrastyle temple, with pediment containing standing 
 
 figures : E (Delphic I ) between pillars. 
 & Hadrian. Copenhagen. (X xxni.) 
 
 Faustina Sen. Imh. (X xxn.) Zeitschr. f. Num. I. 115 (hexastyle). 
 
 The pediment is variously represented on these two coins : 
 on No. xxn. there seems to be a standing figure with hand 
 raised between two crouching animals ; on No. xxni. there 
 seem to be several figures. 
 
 TEMPLE OF APOLLO with six columns at side: in the entry 
 
 statue of Apollo naked, standing, resting left elbow on 
 
 a pillar, his right hand advanced ; at his feet omphalos 
 
 or altar. 
 
 M Faustina Sen. B. M. (Xxxiv.) Rhousopoulos (Xxxv.)cf. M. S. in. 500, 49. 
 
 Similar figure of Apollo without temple or omphalos 
 M Hadrian. Mus. Parma (X xxvi. ) Paris. Rhousopoulos. 
 Apollo naked, standing to left, his right foot supported on a 
 square basis, holds in right hand lyre which rests on 
 knee, in raised left branch of laurel, left elbow rests on 
 tripod, on the basis of which is inscribed TTYOIA. 
 J5 Hadrian. Sestini, Mus. Hederv. pi. x. 2. 
 
 For this coin our only authority is the plate of Sestini's work, 
 which is not altogether trustworthy ; the lyre seems impossibly 
 small, and the letters TTYOIA may be suspected; in fact it is 
 not unlikely that the figure described by Sestini may be 
 identical with that in the next description. 
 Apollo naked, standing, in his right hand a branch, his left 
 hand raised ; behind him, tripod on basis : at his feet, 
 river-god (Pleistus, Paus. X. 8, 8). 
 M Hadrian. Berlin {? I.) 
 
 Berl. Blatter, v. pi. LVI. 8. Zeit. /. Num. vn. 217. 
 
 There is an appearance of a staff in the left hand of Apollo. 
 Tripod on stand. 
 M Hadrian. Eamus. I. pi. in. 12. 
 
 Antinous. Photiades (Y n. ) Cf. Zeit. f. Num. ja.li. pi. iv. 3, where the 
 tripod is inverted. 
 
 Altar bound with laurel. 
 Hadrian. B. M.
 
 120 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Apollo- standing ; in right hand branch or patera ; left arm 
 resting on pillar and holding lyre. 
 
 M Hadrian. Mion. S. III. 499. 38 (Vaillant). 
 Caracalla. Mion. n. 98, 31 (Vaillant). 
 
 The types thus far described are such as can with reasonable 
 probability be supposed really to represent the temple at Delphi 
 and objects contained in it. First we have the front of the 
 temple (X XXII.) supported by six Ionic columns and sur- 
 mounted by a pediment, in which may be discerned a standing 
 figure with arm raised as if to strike, and two animals crouching 
 in the corners. Steps lead up to the temple. The letter E, 
 which occupies the intercolumniation, is no doubt the mysterious 
 Delphic el as to which Plutarch has written : it here stands, in the 
 shorthand usual in Greek art, for all the wise and witty sayings 
 set up in the pronaiis. Next comes a side view of the same 
 temple (X xxiv.), the pediment occupied by a mere disk. In 
 the front appears a naked standing figure of Apollo, his elbow 
 resting on a column. This figure repeated in X xxvi. would 
 seem to be the principal statue of Apollo in the Temple. Two 
 other sets of coins present to us a figure in general pose closely 
 like this, but varied in attribute and detail. Of one set, only 
 known from the descriptions of Vaillant, we are unable to figure 
 a specimen. The other type appears as Y I. Here the figure 
 of Apollo is doubly localised, by the presence of the river-god, 
 and by the tripod on a stand in the background, which tripod 
 is the type of Y n. It has been wrongly supposed that this 
 tripod stands for that dedicated by the Greeks after Plataea and 
 placed on the brazen serpents still preserved at Constantinople 
 (cf. Paus. X. 13, 9), wrongly, since in Pausanias' time the tripod 
 had already disappeared and only the stand remained. Rather 
 it stands for the sacred tripod whereon the soothsaying priestess, 
 the Pythia, sat to deliver her oracles. On the coin published 
 by Sestini it is inscribed TTYOIA ; this inscription, supposing it 
 really to exist, is somewhat ambiguous : it may indicate that 
 the tripod was dedicated in memory of a victory in the Pythian 
 games, or it may have a more local signification. 
 
 When we reach the question in what part of the temple the 
 statues copied on these coins existed we land in great difficulties. 
 The two statues mentioned by Pausanias are that of Apollo 
 Moeragetes, and a golden statue undescribed, kept in the
 
 DELPHI. 121 
 
 adytum. The latter statue is mentioned by various writers, 
 but not described. Wieseler (Denkm. U. 134) observes that the 
 statue probably held a lyre, but even this is not completely 
 established by the passages he cites, Plutarch, de Pyih. orac. 16, 
 Sulla 12. li is therefore not improbable that the figure on the 
 coins above mentioned may be the Apollo of the adytum, though 
 we must mention as an alternative possibility that that statue 
 is repeated rather on some of the coins mentioned below which 
 bear .the type of a Citharoedic Apollo. 
 
 The golden statue can scarcely be supposed to be of earlier 
 date than the times of Onomarchus, or it would probably have 
 been seized by him. 
 
 Paus. X. 16, 3. Toy Se VTTO AeX^wy KaXovpevov 6fjL(f>a\6i>, 
 \lOov TreTroirj/jLevov XevKOv, rovro elvat, TO ev /J,e<ra> 7% 
 7racr77<? avTOi re \ejova-iv ol Ae\<j)oi, K.T.\. 
 
 Obv. Tripod. 
 
 Rev. Omphalos; thus represented Q. 
 
 M early Auton. Imh. B. M. &c. Zeit. f. Num. I. 294. 
 
 JE Auton. Ramus, I. pi. in. 12. 
 Faustina Sen. B. M. 
 
 Omphalos, entwined by snake, and covered with net-work. 
 
 M Auton. Berlin. Rev. Num. 1860, pi. xn. 8. 
 M Hadrian. 
 
 Omphalos on basis. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Imh. 
 
 Omphalos on rock. 
 
 M Hadrian. B. M. Cat. pi. IV. 20. 
 
 Apollo naked, standing, right hand resting on head, left hand 
 
 half raised. 
 
 M Hadrian. B. M. (Y m.) 
 Apollo Citharoedus, in long chiton, advancing to right, playing 
 
 on lyre. 
 
 M Auton. Millingen, Recueil, n. 10 and 11. 
 
 Hadrian. B. M. Copenhagen (Y iv. ) Berlin. Rhousopoulos. 
 Overbeck, Berichte dcr Kais. Sachs. Gets, dcr Wisscnsch. 1886. 
 
 Apollo Citharoedus facing, clad in long chiton, holds plectrum 
 
 and lyre. 
 
 ^E Faustina Sen. Rhousopoulos. 
 Apollo, wearing himation, seated on omphalos; right hand 
 
 raised. 
 
 ^E Hadrian. Berlin. (Y V.) 
 
 Apollo laur., naked to waist, seated to left on rock, on which 
 
 lyre ; his right hand rests on his head. 
 M Faustina Sen. Vienna, Schottenslift (Y VI.)
 
 122 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Coin struck by Amphictyons (x. 8, 1). Obv. Head of Demeter 
 veiled and crowned with corn. Rev. Apollo, laur., clad 
 in long chiton, seated to left on omphalos; right hand 
 raised to his chin, in left, laurel-branch ; lyre beside him. 
 
 M Fourth cent. B. M. (Y vn.) 
 Imh. Berlin. 
 
 Inscription nPOflOAOl AM(j>lKTYONeC. 
 
 M Antinous. Imh. Zeit. f. Num. xin. pi. iv. 3. 
 Head of Apollo, laureate. 
 
 JR M Auton. Berlin. (Bow before head.) 
 
 M Faustina Sen, B. M. (Y vui.) Rhousopoulos. (Y ix.) Imh. 
 
 We have here a large group of types of Apollo the origin of 
 which we cannot refer to any known statue at Delphi. The 
 first type (Y ill.) certainly has a statuesque appearance, and 
 Y IV. belongs to that class of representations of Apollo Citha- 
 roedus of which the origin is attributed to Scopas. As to these 
 see Overbeck in the Berichte of the Saxon Academy, 1886. 
 Wieseler (Denkmaeler, II. 134a) regards the figure on the coin 
 as a copy of a statue in the theatre of Delphi. The seated 
 figures of Apollo cannot be traced back to a sculptural original : 
 one of them (Y VII.) belongs to a period when we should expect 
 the die-sinker to invent a type for himself, and not to copy a 
 statue ; the other two are of imperial times, but cannot be 
 identified. The latter of the two heads of Apollo (Y vui., ix.) 
 is probably copied from a statue ; the queue falling on the neck 
 of the god behind, and the severe features seem to indicate a 
 work of early ait. 
 
 Laurel wreath inscribed F1YOIA (Paus. X. 7, 8). 
 
 IE, Auton. Hadrian. Anton. Pius. Faustina Sen. Caracalla. 
 
 Tripod with HYOIA. 
 
 JE Auton. Brbndsted, Reiscn i. p. vi. (Obv. Apollo Citharoedus. ) 
 
 Table with HYOIA. 
 
 M Faustina Sen. B. M. Mus. Civico, Venice. 
 
 3. Paus. X. 8, 6. 'E<TeX#oim. Be e? rrjv irokiv elcrlv e'(ef% 
 
 vaoi- .... 6 Terapro9 Be 'A.&tjvas fcaXeirat TLpovoias. 
 
 Be ayaX/iartoy TO ev ry Trpovdw MacrcraXtcoTwy ava 
 
 eari, jjiejedet rov evBov d<yd\fj,a,To<> /jLet^ov. 
 ATHENE standing ; spear in her raised right hand, shield on 
 
 left arm. 
 
 M Hadrian. Paris. (Y X.) 
 Faustina Sen. Imh. (Y xr.) 
 Mion. S. in. 500. 50-51.
 
 DELPHI. 123 
 
 This type may be compared with those of Athens (AA xv., 
 
 XVI.). The pose and attributes of the goddess belong to the 
 
 time when the stiff archaic Palladia had been superseded by 
 
 statues of softer outline and gentler movement, but before 
 
 Pheidias had entirely recreated the ideal of the deity. 
 
 4. Paus. X. 32, 7. To Be avrpov TO Ktopv/ciov fieyedet re 
 
 V7rep/3d\\ei ra elprjpeva, KOI ecrriv eirl ir\el(nov oBeixrai 
 
 Si* avTov teal avev \ap,7rTi'ipwv' o re opo<f>o? 9 
 
 UTTO TOV eBd(j)OV<i dvecTTrjKe, real vBoyp TO fJiev 
 
 K TTTjyWV, 7T\OV Be Tl aTTO TOV 6p6(f)OV CTTa^ei, OH7T6 
 
 /cal Brj\a ev rc3 e8d<f>ei CTTaXayfAwv TO, fyvr) Sea TravTos 
 e<TTi TOV avTpov. 'lepbv Be avTO ol Trepl TOV Hapvacrbv 
 K.a>pVKtQ)v Te elvai NU/A(^)<WI/ teal TLavbs ^taXtcrTa ijjrjvTai. 
 
 PAN naked, in human form, seated on rock, in right hand 
 pedum, which rests on another rock. 
 
 JE Hadrian. B. M. (Y xn.) 
 
 Pan seated to left in Corycian cave. 
 
 Hadrian. Imh. (Y xni. ) Zcit. f. Num. I. pi. IV. 9a. 
 Baumeister, Denkmaeler der Cl. Alt. p. 961. 
 
 Pausanias does not speak of a statue of Pan: the repre- 
 sentations on the coins seem to be rather of the class which 
 indicate the presence of deities at certain localities than of the 
 class which reproduce works of art. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPES at Delphi : 
 
 Altar wreathed, on basis. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Imh. B. M. 
 
 Raven on olive-branch. 
 
 IE Hadrian. B. M. Paris. 
 
 Lyre on rock. 
 
 JE Hadrian. Munich. 
 
 Artemis as huntress, clad in short chiton. 
 
 JE Faustina Sen. Paris. (Y xiv.) 
 Mion. n. 97, 30 : Sup. in. 501, 55. 
 
 Several figures of Artemis are mentioned among the donaria 
 at Delphi. 
 
 ELATEIA. 
 
 1. Paus. X. 34, 6. 'E-TTt T&> TrepaTi Be rc5 ev Seia TT}? TroXeew? 
 Te ecrrt /cal ^a\Kovv 'A^i/a? ayaXfta dp^alov 
 Trjv deov \eyov<riv apvvai affnaiv 7rl TOU? 6/J,ov 
 
 'EA-areta? Be ocrov <TTaBiov<? eitcocriv a^ea-Trjtcev 'A0r)vd<! 
 iepov.
 
 124 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 8. To Be djaXfj^a eTrotrjaav /jiev Kai rovro ol TIo\vK\eovs 
 TralBes, ecrn Be ecncevaa^evov &>? e? f^d^rjv, /ecu errelp- 
 yacrrat rfj daTrlBi rwv ' A.6r)vr)cn /j,i/j,r)fji,a etrl rfj dcnriBi 
 rf)$ Kd\ovpevrj<; VTTO 'AdrjvaiOiv Tlapdevov. 
 ATHENE in form of Palladium. 
 M Auton. B. M. (Y xvi.) &c. 
 Similar; in field, tripod. 
 yE Auton. B. M. Imh. 
 
 Athene charging to right with spear advanced, shield on left arm. 
 JE Auton. B. M. (Y xv.) 
 Head of Athene. 
 M Auton. Pails. 
 
 We meet here with a difficulty : Pallas appears fighting in 
 two different attitudes ; and it is impossible to say with 
 certainty which is nearer to the sculptural work of the sons 
 of Polycles, Timocles and Timarchides. But the date of thtS3 
 artists is later than that of the coins, 3rd century B.C. 
 
 ANTICYRA. 
 
 1. Paus. X. 36, 8. "Ecrri Be crtytcriv eVt, rw \ip,evi HocreiStovt 
 ov fteya lepov, \oydcnv (a/coBo/Mj/jievov \tdow KetcovlaTai 
 Be TO, eiTO9. TO Be ayaXfta opOov %O\KOV TreTrofrj/jLevov, 
 (3e/3r)Ke Be ejrl Be\(j)tvt ro3 erepw rwv TroBwv Kara rovro 
 Be e^et KOI rrjv %etpa eVl ro5 ^pw y ev Be rfj erepa 
 rpiaivd ecrrtv avro). 
 
 Head of POSEIDON. 
 
 JE Auton. Betlin. 
 
 Zeit.f. Num. vi. 15. Rev. Num. 1843, pi. x. 3. 
 
 2. Paus. X. 37, 1. TT}<? TroXew? Be ev Beta, Bvo 
 
 r jrpoe\6ovrt dtr' avrfjs crraBiovs, irerpa re eariv v 
 
 ftolpa 6'pov<? TI irerpa, KOI lepov eV avrr/s 
 
 earlv 'Apre/ztSo?- epyov rwv TIpatfireXovs, BaBa e 
 
 rfj Beia real virep rwv w^wv (fraperpav trapa Be avri]v 
 
 Kvwv ev dpiarepa- /j,eye6os Be virep rr]v peyiarr^v yvvalKa 
 
 TO aya\fj,a. 
 
 ARTEMIS clad in short chiton advancing to right, quiver at 
 shoulder ; in her right hand bow, in her left torch ; dog 
 beside her. 
 
 M Auton. Berlin. (Y xvn.) 
 
 Zeit.f. Num I.e. fiev. Num I.e. 
 
 This type and the head of Poseidon are two sides of the same 
 coin. The torch borne by Artemis is distinctive, and gives us 
 reason to think that the figure of the coin is, if not exactly a
 
 ANTICYRA. 125 
 
 copy, at all events a free reproduction of the Anticyran statue 
 of Artemis by the sons of Praxiteles, Cephisodotus and Timar- 
 chus. The old reading was epjwv TWV Tlpa^ire\ov<f, and the 
 statue is cited by Brurm (G-. K.~) and other writers as a work of 
 Praxiteles himself. And in fact the reading of our text does 
 not exclude Praxiteles as the artist, cf. the phrase ep<yov r&v 
 9 (ix. 30, 1) and compare Arch. Zeit. 1876, p. 167. 
 
 ATHENS. 
 . (a) Paus. I. 1, 1. Athene Sunias: temple on the top of the 
 
 promontory of Sunium. 
 (J) I. 1, 3. Athene in Piraeus, bronze statue holding lance. 
 
 (c) I. 1, 4 and 36, 4. At Phalerum. Temple of Athene 
 
 Sciras. 
 
 (d) I. 2, 5. Near Cerameicus. Statue of Athene Paeonia. 
 
 (e) I. 8, 4. In the temple of Ares, statue of Athene by 
 
 Locrus of Paros. 
 
 (/) I. 14, 6. In or near the temple of Hephaestus. Statue 
 of Athene with blue eyes, y\avKovs e%ov roi>s 6<f>- 
 
 (g) I. 23, 4. On the Acropolis. Statue of Athene Hygieia 
 
 (by Pyrrhus of Athens). 
 (K) I. 24, 1. On the Acropolis. Athene striking Marsyas, 
 
 for picking up the flutes thrown away by her. 
 (*) I. 24, 2. On the Acropolis. Athene springing from the 
 
 head of Zeus. 
 (f) I. 24, 3. On the Acropolis. Athene producing the olive, 
 
 and Poseidon waves. 
 (&) I. 24, 5. The Parthenon. Subject of west pediment 
 
 birth of Athene, of east pediment contest of Athene 
 
 and Poseidon for the land. 
 (1) I. 24, 5-7. In the Parthenon. Chryselephantine statue, 
 
 standing, in long chiton ; on her breast, Medusa-head ; 
 
 holding Nike and spear, shield at her feet, by her 
 
 spear, snake. 
 
 (m) i. 26, 4. On the Acropolis. Seated statue by Endoeus. 
 (ri) I. 26, 6. On the Acropolis. Athene Polias, very sacred 
 
 statue said to have fallen from heaven. 
 (0) I. 28, 2. On the Acropolis. Bronze statue by Pheidias 
 
 (Promachos). Lance-point and helmet visible on the 
 
 way from Sunium : shield decorated by Mys. 
 
 c
 
 126 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 (p) I. 28, 2. On the Acropolis. Athene Lemma, most 
 
 remarkable of Pheidias' works. 
 (<?) I. 30, 4 ; 31, 6. At Colonus. Altar of Athene Hippia, 
 
 also at Acharnae. 
 
 (r) l. 32, 2. On Pentelicus. Statue of Athene. 
 (s) I. 37, 2. Temple of Derneter on sacred way. Athene 
 
 and Poseidon honoured there. 
 (t) I. 37, 6. Temple of Apollo on sacred way. Statue of 
 
 Athene. 
 
 In the following classification of the various types of Athene 
 we would not be understood positively to endorse the identifica- 
 tions inserted in the text of coin-types with ancient works of 
 art. But for the identifications there is, in each case, much to 
 be said, and as we have not space to discuss them at length, we 
 accept them provisionally in order to obtain a basis for arrange- 
 ment. If any of them be hereafter disproved, it will not destroy 
 the value of our work. 
 
 1. ATHENE PARTHENOS (/). 
 
 Athene standing, aegis on her breast; holds in right hand 
 Nike, in left, spear ; left hand rests on shield represented 
 in profile. 
 
 JE Imh. B. M. Loebbecke. (Y xvm.) 
 Hunter Coll. PI. x. 36, 37. 
 
 As last, shield bearing Gorgoneion partly conceals her body. 
 
 M B. M. (Y xix.) Beule 258, 1. 
 
 As last but one ; snake at her feet. 
 
 M B. M. (Y xx.) Beule 258. 
 
 M B. M. (Y xxi.) Beule 258. 
 
 With these coins we may compare the following type on a 
 Cilician coin of the fourth centuiy B.C. which seems also a 
 reproduction of the Athenian Parthenos. 
 Athene facing, holds in right hand Nike, left hand rests on 
 
 shield, right elbow supported by trunk of tree. 
 .51 B. M. Gardner, Types, pi. x. 28. De Luynes' coll. (Y xxn.) 
 Also tetradrachms of Alexander I. and Antiochus VII., Euer- 
 getes, of Syria (Wieseler, Denkm. n. 203 ; Br. Mus. Cat. 
 Seleucidae, pi. xv. 5 ; pi. XX. 6, &c.). 
 
 Paus. I. 24, 5. Me<7 pev ovv eTriKetrai ol TO> icpdvei (47709 
 ... Kad* etcdrepov 8e rov tcpdvovs ypvTres elcnv 
 
 Head of Athene in three-crested Athenian helmet ; on the
 
 ATHENE PARTHENOS. 127 
 
 side of it Pegasus running ; over the forehead foreparts 
 
 of horses. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. (Y xxm.) 
 Bust of Athene in crested Athenian helmet, of which the 
 
 ornamentation is obscure, but there seems to be an owl (?) 
 
 on the neck-piece ; wears necklace and aegis. 
 JE Auton. Loebbecke. Parma. (Y xxiv.) Berlin. 
 
 With these may be compared coins of Alexandria struck 
 under Julia Mammaea. 
 
 Bust of Athene in three-crested Athenian helmet: on the top, 
 sphinx, on the side a Pegasus or griffin, over the forehead 
 heads of four horses. 
 Potin. B. M. (X xxv.) 
 
 The literature which treats of the Parthenos statue of Pheidias 
 and its reproductions in statuette relief and coin is so extensive 
 that it is quite impossible here to summarise the results which 
 it establishes. The coins add little to our knowledge ; but on 
 one or two points their testimony is important : 
 
 (1) the prop which on the Athenian statuette discovered in 
 1881 supported the right hand of Athene does not appear on 
 the Athenian coins ; but it does on a leaden tessera at Berlin, 
 which bears the inscription A O E and reproduces the Parthenos 
 statue (v. Sallet, Zeit.f. Num. x. p. 152.) On the Cilician coin 
 above cited, the stump of a tree is similarly introduced as a 
 support. In our plates will be found several instances in which 
 a prop appears to have been placed under the arm of a statue, 
 see E LXXXVIL, N xxiv., IX., T vn., and more particularly 
 the reproductions of the early statue of Artemis Laphria at 
 Patrae on pi. Q, and the seated female figure, pi. EE xvi, xvn., 
 who rests her hand on a column. 
 
 (2) The animal on the side of the helmet of Athene on late 
 silver coins of Athens is generally quite clearly a Pegasus (as 
 in xxm.) but sometimes, though rarely, certainly a griffin. 
 The coin of Imperial times (xxiv.) gives us a nobler, and in 
 some respects truer, representation of the original, but the 
 details cannot be made out. The coin of Alexandria (xxv.) 
 adds the Sphinx as a support of the crest, and distinctly con- 
 firms the probability, established by coins and gems, that the 
 visor of Athene's helmet was adorned with foreparts of four 
 horses. Schreiber (Arch. Zeit. 1884, p. 196) remarks that 
 owls are sometimes found on the coins in the place of the fore- 
 
 c 2
 
 128 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 parts of horses ; such coins are entirely unknown to us ; the 
 foreparts of horses are universal, and it can scarcely be doubted 
 that they represent something which existed over the forehead 
 of the Parthenos statue. A curious variant, however, occurs in 
 the gold reliefs of St. Petersburg which give the head of the 
 Parthenos (Athen. Mittheil. 1883, pi. xv., p. 291). In this case 
 a sphinx supports the crest, flanked by Pegasus on each side ; 
 but over the forehead, in the place of the foreparts of horses, 
 are foreparts of griffins and stags alternately. 
 2. ATHENE PROMACHOS (0). 
 
 Athene facing, head left, spear transversely in right hand, 
 shield on left arm, aegis on breast. 
 
 M B. M. (Z i.) Imh. Loebbecke (Z n.) 
 
 Beule 390, 7. Lange in Arch. Zeit. 1881, 147. 
 
 Similar; before her, snake. 
 M Hunter, pi. x. 39. 
 
 On the whole Lange's identification of this type as a 
 reproduction of the Promachos of Pheidias seems sound. He 
 maintains that the turn of the head visible on the coin 
 reproduces a turn of the statue's head which was directed 
 towards its right shoulder. He considers that the relief and 
 statues published by von Sybel in the Athenian Mittheil. 1880, 
 p. 102, also represent Athene Promachos. 
 3. THE ACROPOLIS. 
 
 The Acropolis-rock ; on it to the left the Parthenon, to the 
 right a staircase leading up to the Propylaea ; between these, 
 figure of Athene on basis ; below, cave in which Pan seated 
 to left. 
 & B. M. (Z in.) Imh. (Z iv.) Paris (Z v.) 
 
 Beule, 394. Lange in Arch. Zeit. 1881, p. 197. 
 
 Similar ; Propylaea lower down, and type of Athene different. 
 M Vienna (Z vi.) Rhousopoulos. 
 Similar, right and left transposed. 
 M Beule, 394, 2. Berlin. Michaelis Paus. descr. arcis, p. 1, 3. 
 Loebbecke (Z vu.) 
 
 in. iv. and v. of the plate represent roughly the Acropolis as 
 seen from the north-west angle, in which aspect the marble stair- 
 case leading up to the Propylaea would appear on the extreme 
 right, next, the Propylaea themselves, next, the bronze Athene, 
 and next, the Parthenon ; the Paneion being somewhat to the 
 left of the staircase. The staircase is the principal feature 
 of the view, this epyov T% dvaftdcrea)? was executed in the
 
 THE ACROPOLIS. 129 
 
 reign of Gains (C.I.A. iii. 128485). The coins axe all of the 
 age of the Antonines. When, however, we come to a con- 
 sideration of details we find much want of exactness. The 
 Propylaea are very inadequately represented, and the orientation 
 of the Parthenon is incorrect. M. Beule thinks that Pan is in 
 the act of playing on the flute ; but this is very doubtful. 
 
 But the most important point is the type and attitude of 
 Athene. It is clear from the position of the statue that the 
 intention of the die-cutter was to represent the bronze colossus 
 of Pheidias which stood in the midst of the Acropolis, and we 
 ought thus to gain some evidence as to the details of that 
 colossus. But any such hope is destined to failure. On some 
 of the coins such as Z IV., as Lange has already observed, the 
 type represented is clearly that of the Parthenos. On others 
 (as Z in.) she clearly holds Nike in her right hand, but her 
 left seems to be raised. It is further a doubtful point whether 
 the apparent differences between Z HI, and Z iv. do not arise 
 from mere oxidation. 
 
 4. ATHENE IN PEDIMENTS (&). 
 
 Athene running to right ; in left shield and spear ; right hand 
 extended, beneath it olive entwined by snake ; in 
 front, owl. 
 
 M B. M. &c. Imh. (Z vin. ) 
 
 Beule", 390, 12. Arch. Zeit. 187C, pi. xxx. 3. 
 E. A. Gardner in Journ. Hell. Stud. in. 252. 
 Schneider, Die Geburt der Athena, 1880, pi. I. 
 
 Similar figure ; no olive, but to right snake or snakes. 
 
 IE Loebbecke (Z ix. ) Rhousopoulos. 
 Beule, 390, 10 and 11. 
 
 Similar figure ; no olive, but to left snake. 
 
 jE Loebbecke (Z X.) 
 
 With these we may compare the following : 
 Similar figure, plucking with right hand twig from olive ; 
 
 under olive, owl on pillar ; to right, altar. 
 M Roman medallion of Commodus. B. M. (Z xin.) 
 Frohner, p. 137. 
 
 Similar figure, holding in right hand Nike. 
 
 M of Tarsus : Balbinus, &c. 
 
 R. Schneider (op. cit.} discusses the origin of this type which 
 is widely copied in sculpture (e.g. Clarac. pi. 462A, No. 858a, a 
 small statue of Pentelic marble in the Capitoline Museum) and 
 in reliefs, as well as on coins and gems. By the aid of a puteal
 
 130 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 discovered at Madrid (engraved also in L. Mitchell's History of 
 Sculpture, p. 350) he traces the running figure of Athene back 
 to the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the birth of the 
 goddess is depicted. The resemblance of the coin-type to 
 Athene on the puteal is very striking ; but on the other hand 
 we lack any satisfactory proof that the design on the puteal 
 closely reproduces that of the pediment. Other writers, as 
 Friederichs (Bausteine, 401) and Mr. Ernest Gardner (Journ. 
 Hell. Stud. III. 252) have seen in the type reproduced in statues 
 and coins of this group Athene from the west pediment. 
 Certainly she is closely like the goddess in Carrey's drawing of 
 that pediment, only turned in the opposite direction. The 
 attitude of the right hand is enigmatic. Mr. E. Gardner sees 
 in it a gesture of triumph as the goddess points to the olive of 
 her creation, but on the Roman medallion the goddess is 
 distinctly plucking an olive-spray from the tree. 
 
 Thus it cannot be considered certain which of the pediments 
 has furnished the prototype of this running Pallas ; but it is 
 not improbable that she may be traced to one or the other ; 
 her likeness to the extant figure called Iris in the eastern 
 pediment strengthens the presumption. 
 
 A figure closely similar occurs in a round temple on a gem, 
 in Wieseler, DenJcmaler, n. 21 6c. This may be regarded as 
 telling against the identification here proposed, but not with 
 great force. 
 
 4. ATHENE AND POSEIDON (k and /). 
 
 Olive-tree entwined by snake, owl seated in the branches. To 
 left of it Poseidon, in whose raised right hand trident 
 pointed to the ground, and on whose left arm chlamys ; 
 at his feet dolphin. To right of it Athene, right hand 
 advanced, in left shield and spear. 
 
 M B. M. Rhousopoulos (Z xi.) Vienna (Z xn.) Paris. Loebbecke (Z xiv. ) 
 Stephani, Compte Rcndu, 1872, p. 5, 3 ; p. 135, 1. 
 
 Similar, owl and dolphin wanting. 
 
 JE Imh. (Z xvi.) 
 
 Athene standing to right ; shield behind her, her left stretched 
 
 towards olive, round which snake twines ; owl on olive. 
 
 On the other side of the tree Poseidon standing to left, 
 
 his right foot resting on a rock, left hand resting on 
 
 trident, right hand advanced.
 
 ATHENE AND POSEIDON. 131 
 
 jE Loebbecke (Z xvn.) Khousopoulos. 
 cf. Wieseler, Denkmaler, No. 234. 
 
 Athene standing to left, grasping with right hand olive-tree, 
 against which her spear leans, behind her shield and 
 snake : on the other side of the tree Poseidon to right, 
 his left foot resting on rock, right hand resting on 
 trident, left hand advanced. 
 
 M Roman medallion of M. Aurelius. 
 Prov. Museum, Bonn (Z xv.) 
 cf. the relief published by Robert in the Athens Mittheilungen for 1882. 
 
 We have here two entirely distinct groups, each comprising 
 Athene, Poseidon, and an olive-tree entwined by a snake. The 
 first group (xi., XIL, xiv., xvi.) is closely like the celebrated 
 group on the vase of St. Petersburg published by Stephani 
 (CM. 1872) and repeated in this Journal (ill. p. 245), where 
 some account is given of the various interpretations to which 
 the group has given rise. In the other group (xv. XVII.) 
 Athene and Poseidon are not in conflict but at rest, and 
 apparently engaged in colloquy. One is naturally tempted to 
 bring the former group into connexion with the west pediment 
 of the Parthenon, and to regard the latter group as connected 
 with the anathema on the Acropolis mentioned by Pausanias 
 in passage j. A noticeable point in the coins of the first 
 group is that the snake is in all cases distinctly hostile to 
 Poseidon. 
 
 5. ATHENE STANDING BY OLIVE. 
 
 Athene standing to left before olive-tree ; in her right hand 
 spear held transversely, in her left shield which rests on 
 the ground. 
 
 IE B. M. Rhousopoulos. Bibl. Turin. (Z xvin.) Snake twined round tree. 
 B. M. (Z xix.) Owl perched in tree. 
 Loebbecke. Owl at foot of tree. 
 Beule, 390, 3. Owl in tree, snake at foot. 
 
 This Athene may perhaps be part of a group, which, when 
 complete, would include Poseidon on the other side of the tree. 
 On one specimen (Z xvin. B. M.) the snake which is twined 
 round the tree seems to be looking at an enemy, who can 
 scarcely be other than Poseidon. On the other hand the 
 Athene of these coins is not exactly like the Athene of the 
 groups above cited ; more, however, like the goddess in the 
 second than in the first group.
 
 132 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 6. OLIVE-TREE. 
 
 Paus. I. 27, 2. Olive-tree in temple of Athene Polias : 
 Tlepl Se r^9 eXata? ov8ev Svovtrtv a\\o eiTrelv ^ T 
 fxaprvpiov ryeve&dai rovro 69 rbv aywva TOV eirl 
 
 Olive-tree with snake and owl. 
 
 M B. M. &c. 
 
 Beule, 391, 7-11. 
 
 Olive-tree with owl and amphora. 
 M B. M. Loebbecke, &c. 
 Beule, 391, 10. 
 
 Olive-tree, owl, amphora, palm-tree. 
 
 M Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Ramus, I. pi. III. 18. 
 
 Olive-tree, snake, and dice-box. 
 
 M 
 
 Beule, 392, 2. 
 
 Olive-tree, snake, owl, and dice-box. 
 S 
 
 Beule, 154. 
 
 7. ATHENE AND MARSYAS (A.) 
 Athene standing, dropping the flutes ; before her Marsyas in 
 
 an attitude of surprise. 
 JE Athens Mus. Rhousopoulos (Z xx.) 
 Beule, p. 393. Z.f. Num. vil. 216. 
 Overbeck, Gr. Plastik. i. p. 209. 
 "Wieseler, Denkmaler, No. 2396. 
 
 Athene to left, right hand advanced, at her feet serpent; 
 before her Marsyas in an attitude of surprise. 
 
 M Bibl. Turin (Z xxi.) 
 
 This is an interesting group, and we find in it traces of 
 sculptural origin, although Athene is not, as in the group 
 described by Pausanias, striking Marsyas. Wieseler suggests 
 (Nachrichten der k. Gesellsch. A. Wis. Gottingen, 1885, p. 324) 
 that the reading Mapo-vav iraiova-a is corrupt, and that a 
 better would be M.apcrvav av\ovvra dvcnravovaa. Cf. however 
 Michaelis, Paus. descr. arcis, p. 9, and Petersen, Arch. Zeit. 1880, 
 who explains the phrase of the text. 
 
 Several writers whose opinions are summed up by Overbeck 
 (Gr. Plastik. I. 209, and note ]65) agree in regarding the 
 Marsyas of the coin, which is like a marble statue in the 
 Lateran and a bronze statuette in the British Museum, as 
 copied from the Marsyas of Myron. The attitude of Athene is 
 on the two coins different, and as they are too ill-preserved for
 
 ATHENE AND MARSYAS. 133 
 
 us to judge of it in detail, we must content ourselves with 
 saying that she is in a quiet attitude, indicating neither anger 
 nor hostility. Pliny speaks of a group by Myron thus, (fecit} 
 satyrum adinirantem tibias et Minervam, which phrase applies 
 far better to the group of the coin than the phrase of Pausanias ; 
 it thus appears not unlikely that we may have here a repro- 
 duction of the group of Myron, which may have been preserved 
 at Athens. 
 
 \Ve next reach a number of types of Athene which cannot be 
 definitely traced back to a sculptural original : some are mere 
 varieties of the types already described, some are new, and offer 
 a field to investigation in future. 
 
 8. ATHENE NIKEPHOEOS. 
 
 Athene standing to right ; spear in raised right hand, Nike in 
 left, himation round waist. 
 
 M B. M. Loebbecke. Paris (Z xxn.) 
 Furtwangler in Reseller's Lexicon, p. 702. 
 Beule, 290, 6. 
 
 Athene standing to left ; holds in right Nike, in left spear, shield 
 
 slung on left arm. 
 & Loebbecke (Z xxiu.) 
 Athene standing to right ; in right hand Nike, in left spear ; 
 
 at her feet snake to right ; behind her, owl on pillar. 
 M Naples (Cat. No. 7156) (AA I.) 
 
 The first coin under head 8 belongs to the class of figures of 
 which the Pallas of Velletri is the most noteworthy specimen. 
 Furtwangler in Reseller's Lexicon, p. 702 describes the class, 
 which seems to have originated in the fourth century. 
 
 9. ATHENE HOLDING OWL. 
 
 Athene standing to right ; owl in left hand, patera (?) in right ; 
 
 clad in long chiton. 
 M Imh. B. M. Loebbecke (AA n.) 
 
 Beule, p. 387, 1, 2. 
 
 (Obv. Head of Zeus or Head of Artemis.) 
 
 Athene standing to left ; owl in right hand, spear in raised left ; 
 
 himation over shoulders. 
 ME. M. (AAni.) 
 Athene standing to right ; owl in her right hand, in her left 
 
 spear held transversely ; coiled snake at her feet. 
 
 M Imh. Loebbecke. Rhousopoulos (AA IV.) 
 Hunter, pi. x. 33.
 
 134 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Athene standing to right; owl in right hand, spear in left 
 
 hand, shield on left arm, himation over shoulders. 
 JEE. M. (AAv.) 
 Athene standing to right ; in raised right hand owl ; behind 
 
 her owl on pillar. 
 JE Rhousopoulos. Loebbecke. 
 
 cf. Miiller-Wieseler, Denkmalcr, n. No. 221, where the object in the hand 
 of Pallas is identified as a pomegranate. 
 
 The first described of these types is the most important, and 
 seems clearly to portray a sculptural original of the early 
 period; there is in the pose something of archaic stiffness. 
 Beule suggests that it may portray the Athene Archegetis, of 
 which the scholiast to Aristophanes (Aves, 1. 515) says yXav/ca 
 el-^ev ev rfj x L P^ -^ u ^ * n ^ s ph rase is not distinctive, the owl 
 being a usual attribute of Athene : we are equally likely to be 
 right in considering the present type as Athene Paeonia. 
 Athene Hygieia it cannot be, as that statue held a spear in the 
 left hand : cf. Michaelis in Athenian Mittheil. I. 289. 
 
 10. ATHENE HOLDING PATERA. 
 
 Athene facing, head to left ; patera in right hand, spear in 
 
 left ; shield on left ami. 
 JE Loebbeeke. Rhousopoulos (AA vi.) 
 Athene facing, head to left ; in right holds patera over altar, 
 
 in left spear; shield on left arm. 
 M Hunter, pL xi. 4. 
 Beule, 256, 3. 
 
 As last, but left hand rests on shield ; to left of altar, olive, 
 
 with snake and owl. 
 M Beule, 256, 2. 
 
 11. ATHENE STANDING, ARMED. 
 
 Athene standing to left, her raised right resting on spear, 
 
 shield behind her ; wears himation. 
 JE Beule, 390, 8. Imhoof (A A vn.) 
 Athene standing to right ; holds in raised right hand spear, 
 
 left rests on shield before her. 
 M Loebbecke (A A "vm.) 
 Athene standing to right ; holds in raised right hand spear, on 
 
 left arm shield ; snake at her feet. 
 
 JE Loebbecke (AA ix.) 
 
 12. ATHENE ARMED, RUNNING. 
 
 Athene running to right, looking back, right hand outstretched, 
 in left shield and spear ; drapery flying from her shoulder ; 
 before her, snake to right.
 
 ATHENE ARMED, RUNNING. 135 
 
 M Paris (AAx.) 
 
 Athene running to right, right hand outstretched, on left arm 
 
 shield ; before her, snake to right. 
 Loebbecke (AA xi.) 
 
 The former of these two types is closely like the above- 
 described figure of Athene from a pediment (Z vill.-X.), the only 
 noteworthy difference being in the position of the right arm, 
 which in the pediment type is extended backward, in the 
 present type is stretched to grasp the edge of Athene's shield. 
 This latter type is remarkably like Athene (or Enyo) on the 
 coins of the Lucauians and Bruttians of the third century. 
 Athene moving to left, spear transversely in right hand, on 
 
 left arm shield ; before her, snake to left 
 M Loebbecke (AA xn.) Ehousopoulos. 
 
 Athene moving to left, right hand advanced, in left shield and 
 
 spear ; before her snake, behind her owl. 
 M Loebbecke (AA xm.) 
 
 13. ATHENE FIGHTING. 
 
 Athene fighting to right ; in raised right hand thunderbolt, on 
 left arm shield. 
 
 JE B. If. (AA xiv.) &c. Before her snake, horse's head or other symbol. 
 Beule, 386, 1-3. 
 
 Athene fighting to right ; in raised right hand spear, on left 
 
 arm shield. 
 MK M. (AAxv.) 
 Similar figure ; behind her, olive-tree entwined by snake ; 
 
 before her, owl. 
 
 JE B. M. (AAxvi.) 
 Beule, 3HO, 13. 
 
 Similar figure, charging rapidly to right. 
 
 ^B. M. (A A xvii.) 
 
 Athene charging to right ; in right hand spear outstretched, on 
 
 left arm aegis. 
 
 JE Loebbecke (AA xvm.) B. M. (AA xix.) 
 Beule, 390, 1 : 346, 3. 
 
 At her feet snake, owl, or other symbol. 
 
 These types seem to represent successive stages in the 
 development of the normal Athene Polias. 
 
 14. ATHENE HOLDING OLIVE-BRANCH. 
 Athene standing to left, holds in right olive-branch over coiled 
 
 snake, on left arm shield. 
 M Beule, 390, 4. Hunter, xi. 10.
 
 136 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 This type closely resembles some of those ranged under 
 Athene running. Compare especially AA xin. 
 
 15. ATHENE VOTING. 
 
 Athene facing ; left hand on hip, in right, vote which she 
 
 drops into amphora ; beside her, shield. 
 IE Rhousopoulos. 
 
 This coin is very obscure in details ; it may represent Athene 
 Areia, of the Areiopagus, cf. Paus. i. 28, 5. 
 
 16. ATHENE SEATED. 
 
 Athene seated to left on throne ; Nike in right hand, spear in 
 
 left ; shield behind seat. 
 M Loebbecke ( AA xx. ) Imh. &c. 
 Beule, 390, 1. 
 
 Athene seated to left on throne ; patera in right hand, spear 
 
 in left ; shield behind seat ; before her olive-tree. 
 M B. M. (AA xxi.) Loebbecke. 
 
 17. ATHENE IN CHARIOT. 
 
 Athene, holding spear advanced, in galloping biga to right. 
 M B. M. (A A xxii.) Imh. Rhousopoulos (small size.) 
 Beule, 390, 14 and 15. 
 
 Similar figure in quadriga. 
 M B. M. Loebbecke (AA xxm.) 
 
 Athene, with spear in raised right, in galloping biga. 
 ;EB. M. 
 18. ATHENE-NIKE. Cf. Paus. i. 22, 4. Temple of Nike 
 
 Apteros. 
 
 Athene or Nike winged facing, clad in chiton and helrneted, 
 holds in left hand a standard surmounted by an archaic 
 Palladium. 
 JR Copenhagen (A A xxiv.) 
 
 Rev. Num. 1858, p. 357 : Wieseler, Derikm. n. 220. 
 (Reverse, AO, Owl.) 
 
 This is a remarkable and unique drachm, assigned by 
 M. Beule in the Revue to the time of Conon. It was perhaps 
 intended to circulate in Asia, and in fact was probably issued 
 from an Asiatic mint. It cannot be said with certainty whether 
 the representation should be called Athene or Nike : the helmet 
 and the Palladium are in favour of the former attribution. We 
 have no reason to think that it reproduces a statue ; certainly 
 not that of Athene Nike on the Acropolis. 
 2. (a) Paus. I. 1, 3. At Peiraeus. Bronze statue of Zeus, 
 holding sceptre and Nike.
 
 ATHENE NIKE. 137 
 
 (>) I. 1, 3. At Peiraeus. Statues of Zei'.s and Demos by 
 Leochares. 
 
 (c) I. 1, 4. At Phalerum. Temple of Zeus. 
 
 (d) I. 2, 5. In the gymnasium of Hermes. Statue of Zeus. 
 
 (e) I. 3, 2. Near the royal stoa. Zeus Eleutherius. 
 
 (/) I. 3, 5. In the senate- house. Xoanon of Zeus Bulaeus. 
 
 (g) I. 18, 6. In the Olympieium. Colossus of Zeus in ivory 
 and gold, set up by Hadrian. 
 
 (h) I. 18, 7. In the Olympieium. Zeus in bronze. 
 
 (i) I. 18, 9. Temple of Zeus Panhellenius and Hera, founded 
 by Hadrian. 
 
 (y) i. 24, 4. On the Acropolis. Statue of Zeus by Leo- 
 chares. 
 
 (&) I. 24, 4. On the Acropolis. Zeus Polieus. 
 
 (/) I. 32, 2. On Hymettus. Zeus Hymettius. 
 
 (m) I. 32, 2. On Parnes. Bronze statue of Zeus Parnethius. 
 
 (n) I. 32, 2. On Anchesmus. Zeus Anchesmius. 
 ZEUS naked, thundering, left hand advanced ; archaic treatment 
 of hair and beard ; at his feet, eagle ; sometimes symbols 
 in field. 
 
 & B. M. &c. Imh. (BB i.) 
 Beule, 249, 281, 357, 368. 
 
 Zeus naked, standing, thunderbolt in right hand which hangs 
 
 down, left hand advanced. 
 M Munich. B. M. Imh. (BB n.) 
 Zeus naked, standing, thunderbolt in right hand which hangs 
 
 down, in left patera over altar entwined by snake. 
 
 & B. M. (BB m.) 
 Beule, 396, 1. 
 
 Zeus seated, naked to waist, Nike in right hand, sceptre in 
 
 left. 
 
 JE B. M. (BB iv.) 
 Beule, 396, 2. 
 
 Jahn has proposed the theory (N. Memor. dell' Inst. A. p. 24) 
 that the more archaic Zeus (i.) on the coins is a copy of the 
 archaic statue of Zeus Polieus (&), and the later Zeus of a 
 similar type (in.) is a copy of the statue by Leochares which 
 stood beside it (f). On this theory Overbeck (K. M. p. 54) 
 remarks that Jahn's identification of the archaic statue of Zeus 
 Polieus though not certain is probable ; and certainly its 
 parallelism with the recognized type of Athene Polias (AA xiv.) 
 is in favour of such identification. To Jahn's argument as to
 
 133 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 the statue by Leochares, Overbeck adds that the altar in front 
 of the figure on the coin (ill.) may stand for the altar which 
 stood before Zeus Polieus, where was performed the annual 
 ceremony of the Buphonia or Diipolia (Paus. I. 28, 11.) 
 
 The seated figure of Zeus (iv.) is very probably copied from 
 the colossal statue set up by Hadrian in the Olympiemm (g) 
 which would naturally be a copy of the chryselephantine statue 
 by Pheidias at Olympia. 
 
 3. (a) Paus. I. I, 3. At Peiraeus. Temple of Aphrodite, 
 
 founded by Conon, after his victory at Cnidus. 
 (&) I. 1, 5. Promontory Colias. Statue of Aphrodite Colias 
 and the Genetyllides. 
 
 (c) I. 8, 4. In the temple of Ares. Two statues of Aphro- 
 
 dite. 
 
 (d) I. 14, 7. Near the Cerameicus. Temple of Aphrodite 
 
 Urania : statue by Pheidias of Parian marble. 
 
 (e) I. 19, 2. In the gardens (/cijTroi). Temple of Aphrodite, 
 
 and herm of Aphrodite near, called Urania, eldest of 
 the Moerae. 
 (/) I. 22, 3. South of Acropolis. Statues of Aphrodite 
 
 Pandemos ; new, but good. 
 (g) I. 23, 2. On the Acropolis. Statue of Aphrodite by 
 
 Calamis, dedicated by Callias. 
 
 (A) I. 37, 7. In the pass to Eleusis. Temple of Aphrodite. 
 (*) I. 20, 2. In Street of Tripods. Standing Eros and 
 
 Dionysus by Thymilus. 
 
 Aphrodite does not seem to occur on coins of Athens. The 
 figure described by Beul6 (p. 225) as the Syrian Aphrodite is 
 Isis; that figured as Aphrodite with the Genetyllides is the 
 Delian Apollo. 
 
 Eros facing, with right hand crowns himself; in his left 
 a palm. 
 
 M Imh. 
 
 Beule, 222. 
 
 Riggauer, Eros auf M. p. 8. 
 
 4. (a) Paus. I. 1, 4. At Munychia. Temple of Artemis Muny- 
 
 chia. 
 
 (b) I. 19, 6. At Agrae. Temple of Artemis Agrotera: /cat 
 
 TO a<ya\/jia Sia TOVTO e'^et TO^OV, K.T.\. 
 
 (c] I. 23, 7. On the Acropolis : /cal 'A/3T6/u.tSo? iepov ecrrt 
 
 s, Tlpa^ire\ov<; p>ev Te%vr) TO ayah/Ad, TTJ
 
 ARTEMIS. 139 
 
 <a Be e<mv avro Bpaupwfo? Btfftov TO ovo/j,a. teal TO 
 dp%aiov %6avov eariv ev Bpaupam, "AprefAis, to? 
 \ejovcriv, r) Tavpucrj. 
 
 (cl) I. 26, 4. On the Acropolis : T?}<? Be el/covos Tr\r)criov T?}<? 
 'OXf/iTTtoSoopou %a\KOvv 'Apre/cuSo? c^yaX/A 
 7riK\r)<Tiv A.VKO(f>pvr)vrj<;, aveOecrav Be ol 
 e/Jii crTOK\eov<;. 
 
 (e) I. 33, 1. At Brauron. Archaic xoanon of Artemis. 
 (/) I. 29, 2. By the Academy : 7re/H/?oXo9 ea-riv ' 
 
 real 6ava 'AptcrT?79 /cat KaXXtcrr?;?. 
 
 (^) I. 38, 6. At Eleusis. Temple of Artemis Propylaea. 
 Archaic ARTEMIS facing, clad in chiton with diplois, hair in 
 formal curls ; holds patera and bow ; beside her, stag 
 looking up. 
 
 M B. M. (BB v.) Paris (De Luynes) (BB vi.) 
 Beule, p. 287. 
 
 If the archaic figure of Artemis at Brauron was a copy of 
 the ancient xoanon carried off by the Persians to Susa and 
 given by Seleucus (Paus. in. 16, 7) to the people of Seleucia in 
 Syria, on whose coins (N XL xn.) we find copies of it, the 
 present representation does not reproduce the Brauronian 
 statue as Beule supposed, being of another type. It is far 
 more probably an Artemis Leucophryne. The statue dedicated 
 by the sons of Themistocles would in all probability be modelled 
 more or less closely on the cultus-statue of that deity in her 
 temple at Magnesia in Ionia > where Themistocles was dynast. 
 This cultus-statue is often reproduced on late coins of Magnesia ; 
 the goddess was represented in nearly the same form at Mag- 
 nesia as at Ephesus, with polus on head, the body in term-like 
 shape, pendent fillets hanging from the outstretched hands. 
 The figure on our coin does not fully conform to this description ; 
 the feet are articulate, and in the outstretched hands are patera 
 and bow; nevertheless the scheme seems rather Asiatic than 
 European, and it seems not unlikely that the sons of Themis- 
 tocles may have innovated in details on the fixed traditional 
 type. 
 
 Archaic Artemis facing, clad in long chiton, holds torch in 
 each hand. 
 
 JR B. M. (BB vn.) 
 Beule, 380. 
 
 Artemis (not archaic) or Demeter facing, clad in long chiton,
 
 140 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 holds torch in each hand : beside her seated Dionysus, 
 q.v. 
 
 M B. M. (CC vin.) 
 Beule, 202. 
 
 Artemis running to right, clad in long chiton, holds two torches 
 
 quiver at shoulder. 
 
 M Loebbecke (BB vin.) B. M. (BB ix.) Khousopoulos (BB x.) 
 M Loebbecke (BB xi.) Rhousopoulos. (Figure to left.) 
 
 Artemis Agrotera in short chiton, running, spear in her raised 
 right hand, her left outstretched ; beside her, hound. 
 
 M B. M. (BB xii.) 
 Beule, 214. 
 
 Artemis clad in short chiton, running, torch in both hands. 
 M B. M. Imh. (BB xin.) M Imh. (BB XT.) Loebbecke. (BB XIT.) 
 Beule, 375. 
 
 Artemis clad in short chiton, running, a torch in each hand : 
 beside her Demeter standing, clad in long chiton, holding 
 a torch. 
 
 r..ftB. M. (BBXTI.) 
 Beule, 325. 
 
 On Athenian coins, Artemis, when she bears one or two 
 torches, is not easily to be distinguished from Demeter. The 
 figure with short skirts is of course Artemis ; as to the figure iu 
 long skirts we may hesitate : but on some coins, notably x, a 
 quiver is distinctly visible, which can of course belong only to 
 Artemis. When Artemis appears in company with Demeter 
 (xvi.) Beule (p. 325) calls her Propylaea, there being a temple 
 of Artemis Propylaea at the sanctuary of Eleusis. 
 5. (a) Paus. I. 1, 4. At Phalerum. Temple of Demeter. 
 
 (b) I. 2, 4. Within the Peiraean gate : /cat irXr^a-iov vao? 
 
 <TTI A?7//,?7Tp09, a>yd\iJLaTa Be avrtj re KCU r/ 7rat<? Kal 
 BaBa e%u>v "la/e^of ^e.'ypainai Be eirl rc3 
 pacriv 'Arrt/eot? epya elvat TLpaiTe\ov<f. 
 
 (c) I. 14, 1. vaol Be virep rrjv Kprjvrjv o p,ev 
 
 TreTroirjrai KOI Ko/9?79. ev Be ro3 Tpi7rro\e/J>ov 
 ecrriv a^aX/ta. 
 
 (d) I. 22, 3. At entrance to Acropoiis. Temple of Demeter 
 
 Chloe. 
 
 (e) I. 31, 1. In the Halimusian deme. Temple of Demeter 
 
 Thesmophoros and Cora. 
 
 (/) I. 31, 1. In the Prospaltian deme. Temple of Demeter 
 and Cora.
 
 DEMETER. 141 
 
 DEMETER or Cora standing ; holds two torches turned down- 
 wards. 
 
 Al B. M. (BB xvir.) 
 M Munich. (BB xvm.) 
 Beule, 198. 
 
 Demeter standing to left clad in chiton and over-dress ; holds in 
 
 right ears of corn, left rests on hip. 
 M Oxford. (BBxiX.) 
 Beule, 210. 
 
 Demeter facing, head bound with ears of corn, clad in chiton 
 with, diplois, over-dress over arms ; holds in left long 
 sceptre, with poppy at top (?) ; right hand extended. 
 M Paris. (BB xx.) 
 Beule, 253, 1. 
 
 Demeter seated to left crowned with corn ; holds in right two 
 . ears of corn, in left torch. 
 
 M B. M. (BB xxi.) 
 Beule, 334. 
 
 Demeter seated to left on throne ; holds in right hand two ears 
 
 of corn, left rests on sceptre. 
 M B. M. Loebbecke. (BB xxn.) 
 
 Demeter seated in chariot of snakes ; ears of corn in her hand. 
 y B. M. 
 
 Overbeck, Demiter, pi. ix. 2* and &. Imh. M.Gr. pi. c. 26. 
 
 Demeter as above ; torch in left hand. 
 
 M B. M. Beule, 289, 6 ; 322-23. 
 
 Demeter standing in chariot of snakes ; holds ears of corn and 
 
 cornucopiae. 
 &JR. 
 
 Beule, 289, 2 and 4 ; 291, 1. 
 
 Demeter as above, holds ear of corn and torch. 
 
 JR Paris. Cf. Beule, 289. 
 M Imh. (BB xxm.) 
 
 Overbeck, Demeter, pi. viii. 38. 
 
 Demeter, holding torch, standing in chariot of snakes : before 
 her Cora holding long torch, behind her Artemis (?) who 
 also holds torch. 
 
 M Parma. (BB xxiv.) Khousopoulos. 
 
 Beule, 291, 2. Overbeck, Demeter, pi. viii. 39. 
 
 Triptolemus naked, standing in chariot of snakes. 
 
 M Beule, p. 291, 3. 
 
 Triptolemus naked to waist seated in chaviot of snakes ; holds 
 
 ears of corn. 
 M B. M. Loebbecke. 
 
 In the above list we have not attempted to distinguish types 
 which represent Demeter from those which represent Cora, Nor 
 
 D
 
 142 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 is it possible to determine which of the types represent sculptural 
 originals. Most of them are discussed by Overbeck (K. M. in 
 497) ; and we have not space for so long a discussion as would 
 be necessary if we attempted to discriminate them properly. 
 6. (a) Paus. I. 2, 5. In the Gymnasium of Hermes. Dionysus 
 
 Melpomenus. 
 (6) I. 14, 1. In the Odeium. A Dionysus $ea? a^to?. 
 
 (c) i. 20, 2. In the Street of Tripods. Temple with statue 
 
 by Thymilus. 
 
 (d) I. 20, 3. Near the Theatre : Tot) Aiovva-ov Be ean Trpbs 
 
 TOO Oedrpa) TO ap^aiorarov tepov. Bvo Be elcriv eVro? 
 rov 7repi/36\ov vaol Kal Aidvvaoi, 6 re '^\evdepev<; real 
 ov 'AX/az/zez;??? eTroirjcrev e\e<^avro^ KCU %pvcrov. 
 
 (e) I. 29, 2. At the Academia. Temple to which on set 
 
 days was brought the statue of Dionysus Eleuthereus. 
 (/) I. 31, 6. At Acharnae. Dionysus Melpomenus and 
 
 Dionysus Cissus. 
 
 Bearded DIONYSUS, arms and shoulders bare, seated on throne, 
 holds wine-cup and sceptre ; hair hanging in long tresses, 
 and crowned with ivy. 
 
 JR Paris. (CO I.) 
 
 ^Elrnh. (CCn.) B. M. (CC ni.) 
 Beule, 261, 13. 
 
 Similar figure ; before him incense-altar on table. 
 
 M Imh. Photiades. (CC iv.) 
 Beule, 261, 4. 
 
 Head of bearded Dionysus, crowned with ivy, hair falling in 
 
 long tresses. 
 JELoebbecke. (CC v.) 
 Beule, 376, 1 and 3. 
 
 There can be little doubt that the figure reproduced on these 
 coins is, as Beul6 has suggested, the Dionysus of Alcamenes. 
 His likeness to the Pheidian Zeus is conspicuous in regard to 
 his general attitude and the fashion of his outer garment, which 
 does not cover the upper part of his body, but is brought over 
 the left shoulder. There does not seem to have been a chiton 
 under it. He is well adapted for a great cultus-statue, and that 
 he served as such is proved by the table and altar of the coin iv. 
 The head on the coin last described seems to be an exact 
 enlargement of the head of the seated figure. It is certainly of 
 noble type, but we may be somewhat surprised to find Alcamenes 
 perpetuating so archaic a fashion of doing the hair.
 
 DIONYSUS. 143 
 
 Bearded Dionysus standing, clad in long chiton ; hair in 
 archaic fashion : holds wine-cup and thyrsus transversely, 
 the latter bound with fillet. 
 
 ^IB. M. (CCvi.) 
 Beule, 376. 
 
 Young Dionysus standing, clad in short chiton, holds wine-cup 
 
 and rests on thyrsus. 
 JB Bunbury. Num. Chron. 1881, pi. iv. 4. 
 
 Young Dionysus, standing in long chiton ; holds in right hand 
 mask, in left thyrsus. 
 
 JR B. M. (CO. vii.) 
 Beule, 373. 
 
 Dionysus seated, facing, clad in long chiton, two torches over 
 shoulders ; beside him Demeter or Artemis standing, 
 holding torch in each hand. 
 
 JIB. M. (CO VHI.) 
 Beule, 202. 
 
 Of these figures the first (CC VI.) seems undoubtedly a copy 
 of an archaic statue, of about the time of Calamis. The figure 
 holding a mask may be copied from one of the statues of 
 Dionysus in the Theatre or its neighbourhood. The female 
 figure in company with Dionysus should be Demeter rather 
 than Artemis ; the artistic type, however, would do for either. 
 Paus. i. 21. THEATRE OF DIONYSUS. 
 
 The Theatre of Dionysus ; above, the wall of the Acropolis, 
 ove'r which the Erechtheum, the Parthenon and the 
 Propylaea of the Acropolis. 
 
 M B. M. (CCx.) Photiades. (CC IX.) &c. 
 
 Beule, 394 ; Donaldson, Architecture!, Numismatica, ~$o. 2. 
 
 It seems probable that this Theatre was chosen as a type for 
 coins in consequence of the great improvements effected in it 
 about the time of Hadrian, notably the erection of an elevated 
 logeion. See C.I. A. iii. 239. Donaldson has called attention to 
 the openings or niches which appear on the coin at the top of 
 the cavea and at the foot of the Acropolis rock, and has cited in 
 connexion with them the words of Pausanias, I. 21, 3, who says 
 that at the top of the theatre is a cave in the rocks, wherein is 
 a tripod, and in it Apollo and Artemis slaying the children of 
 Niobe. In Michaelis' plan of the Acropolis a cave is indicated 
 at the same spot, which was formerly blocked by the choragic 
 monument of Thrasyllus (Descr. Arcis Athenarum, 1880.) On 
 the Brit. Mus. coin (x.) there is an appearance of a monument 
 
 D 2
 
 144 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 over one of the caves, but this appearance is probably due to 
 
 accident only. 
 
 7. (a) Paus. I. 2, 5. In a sanctuary of Dionysus. Apollo 
 
 made and dedicated by Eubulides. 
 (V) I. 3, 4. In or near the temple of Apollo Patrous. Apollo 
 
 Patrous, by Euphranor ; Apollo, by Leochares ; Apollo 
 
 Alexicacus, by Calamis. 
 
 (c) I. 3, 5. In the Senate-House. An Apollo, by Peisias. 
 
 (d) I. 8, 4. By the temple of Ares. 'ATroAA-wz/ az/aSou/iez/o? 
 
 raivia rrjv KO^V. 
 
 (e) I. 19, 1. Near the Olympieium. Statue of Apollo 
 
 Pythius. 
 (/) I. 19, 1. Near the same place. Temple of Apollo 
 
 Delphinius. 
 
 (g) I. 19, 3. Lyceium. Temple of Apollo Lyceius. 
 (K) I. 21, 3. Cave in Acropolis-rock. Apollo and Artemis 
 
 slaying the Niobidae. 
 (i] I. 24, 8. Near the Parthenon. Statue in bronze of 
 
 Apollo Parnopius, by Pheidias. 
 (&) I. 28, 4. On the north-west of the Acropolis. Sanctuary 
 
 of Apollo in a cave. 
 () I. 31, 2. At Prasiae. Temple of Apollo ; connected with 
 
 Hyperboreans. 
 
 (m) I. 31, 6. At Acharnae. Worship of Apollo Aguieus. 
 (n) I. 37, 6. The pass to Eleusis. Temple and statue of 
 
 Apollo. 
 Archaic APOLLO, naked, polos on head, holding in right hand 
 
 the three Charites on a sort of frame, in his left, bow. 
 JR Copenhagen. 
 M Imh. (GC XL) Loebbecke. (CC xn.) 
 
 Beule, 364. 
 
 Wieseler, l)enkmaeler, No. 126, &c. 
 
 Similar figure, griffin rearing against him on each side. 
 
 Hi, Paris. (CC xin.) B. M. (CC xiv.) 
 Beule, 364. 
 Furtwiingler, Arch. Zeit. 1882, p. 331. 
 
 This figure has long been recognized as a copy of the Delian 
 statue of Apollo by Tectaeus and Angelion, which held the 
 Charites in its hand. Furtwangler I.e. was the first to identify 
 the griffins. 
 
 Apollo standing, naked, right hand outstretched, in left, bow. 
 jRB. M. (CCxv.) 
 Beule, 271, 1-2.
 
 APOLLO. 145 
 
 Similar figure, holds branch and bow. 
 M B. M. (Facing.) (CC xvi.) 
 
 Lambros. (To right.) CC xvn.) 
 
 Beule, 271, 3. 
 
 Apollo standing, naked, his right hand on his head, in his 
 
 left, bow. 
 JR B. M. (CC xvni.) (Beside him tripod on stand.) 
 
 Beule, 285. 
 M Beule, 285. (Behind him laurel.) 
 
 Apollo standing, naked, his right hand on his head, his left, 
 
 rests on lyre. 
 
 M B. M. (CC xix.) Rhousopoulos. 
 Beule, 285, 3. 
 
 Apollo to left, clad in long chiton, holds patera and lyre. 
 M B. M. (CC xx.) Loebbecke. (CC xxi.) 
 Beule, 388, 2. 
 
 The descriptions of Pausanias are not sufficiently exact to 
 enable us to identify with certainty any of these figures of 
 Apollo. But the early figure CC xv.-xvil. is connected by 
 Furtwangler (Reseller's Lexicon, p. 456) with the so-called 
 Omphalos Apollo of Athens and the Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo of 
 the British Museum. T. Schreiber (Athen. Mittheil. 1884, 
 p. 248) maintains that it is probably a copy of the statue in the 
 Daphnephoreion at Athens (Athenaeus, x. p. 424 F). That in 
 which the hand rests on the head (xvm. xix.) seems from the 
 description of a statue of Apollo Lyceius (above, g) in Lucian 
 (Anacharsis, 7) to be meant for a copy of the statue in the 
 Lyceium. The tripod and the laurel Avould very well represent 
 such a locality as the Lyceium. 
 
 8. (a) Paus. I. 8, 4. Near the temple of Ares. Statues of 
 Theseus and Herakles. 
 
 (&) I. 17, 2-6. Temple of Theseus. Paintings of battles with 
 Centaurs and Amazons. 
 
 (c) i. 24, 1. On Acropolis. Fight of Theseus and the 
 
 Minotaur. 
 
 (d) i. 27, 8. Story of people of Troezen that Aegeus hid 
 
 sword and sandals under a rock for Theseus to lift. 
 On Acropolis, group in bronze embodying the tale. 
 
 (e) I. 27, 9. On Acropolis. Dedicated group of Theseus 
 
 driving the bull of Marathon. 
 Also 3, 1 and 15, 2. 
 THESEUS standing, naked, right arm outstretched, left resting 
 
 on club. 
 Beule, 398, 1.
 
 146 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Theseus standing, right hand extended, club in left. 
 
 M Loebbecke. (DD i-) 
 
 Theseus naked, raising with both hands rock, beneath which 
 
 are sword and sandals. 
 M B. M. Loebbecke. Imh. (DD n.) Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Beule", 398, 2. 
 
 "Wieseler in Berichte k. Ges. d. Wiss. Gbttingen, 1886, p. 71. 
 
 Theseus, holding in right hand club, seizing with left prostrate 
 Minotaur. 
 
 M B. M. Imh. Rhousopoulos. (DD in.) 
 Beule, 398, 4. 
 
 Theseus, club in raised right, lion's skin on left arm, rushing 
 on sinking Minotaur. 
 
 M B. M. (DD iv.) Loebbecke. 
 Beule, 398, 5. 
 
 Theseus as in last, without Minotaur. 
 M B. M. (DD v.) Loebbecke. Beule, 398, 3. 
 
 Theseus holding Minotaur by the horn, and striking him 
 with club. 
 
 M B. M. (DD vi.) Soutzo. 
 Beule, 398, 6. . 
 
 Theseus (?) driving a bull before him (the Marathonian 
 bull?). 
 
 JE B. M. Loebbecke. (DD vn.) Rhousopoulos. Vienna. (DDvm.) 
 Beule, 392, 1. 
 
 Head of Theseus, beardless, club on shoulder. 
 
 M B. M. &c. 
 
 It is remarkable that the only sculptural records of Theseus 
 mentioned by Pausanias are : his statue beside that of Herakles 
 (a) ; his fight with the Minotaur (c) ; his lifting the stone (d) ; and 
 his driving the bull of Marathon (e). The subjects of all these 
 four representations appear on coins, but no other deed of Theseus, 
 none of the exploits, for instance, which were depicted in the 
 metopes of the so-called temple of Theseus. This is an interesting 
 fact, and shows that many people at Athens were, like Pausanias, 
 more impressed by separate groups than by those which merely 
 formed part of the decoration of a temple. It is likely that one 
 of the coins (DD !) gives us the type of the statue of Theseus ; 
 and the group of Theseus raising the stone, as it appears again 
 quite similarly treated on coins of Troezen (M xi.), is probably a 
 copy of the bronze group on the Acropolis. As to the other 
 types we cannot say whether they are original or copies; but 
 the tameness with which the bull walks before the hero seems 
 scarcely worthy of a sculptural group.
 
 EIRENE. 147 
 
 9. Paus. I. 8, 2. Near the Tholos, ^Iprjvrf <f)epova-a UXovrov 
 TralSa. (A work of Cephisodotus.) 
 
 EIRENE clad in long chiton with diplois, over-dress at her back, 
 holds in right long sceptre, on left arm young Plutus, 
 who extends his right hand, and holds in his left 
 cornucopiae ; her head turned towards the child. 
 
 ME. M. (DDix.) Munich. (DD x.), &c. 
 Beule, 202. (Demeter and Dionysus.) 
 Friedrichs, Arch. Zcit. 1859, 1-14 (Gaea Curotrophos. ) 
 Brunn, Ueber die sog. Leucothta, 1867 (Eirene and Plutus.) 
 Friedlander, Zeit. f. Num. v. pi. I. 5. 
 Kbhler, Athen. Mitth. vi. 363-71. 
 
 The identification of the group here presented has been 
 attempted by many archaeologists, with varying results, which 
 are above slightly indicated. The view usually accepted is that 
 of Brunn, who sees in it a copy of the Eirene and Plutus of 
 Cephisodotus, of which he supposes a sculptural copy to exist 
 at Munich. Wieseler (D.A.K. II. 99&) is disposed to find 
 difficulties in this view. He remarks that the sceptre does not 
 properly belong to Eirene [she does, however, hold it on late 
 Roman coins], and further that the statue of Cephisodotus was 
 in marble while the original of the Munich group was in bronze. 
 He therefore prefers the attribution of Cora and the child 
 lacchus. Overbeck (G-r. Plastik. II. 8) remarks that on the 
 coin Eirene holds the end of the cornucopiae : this, however, 
 does not seem to be the case in the specimens we have 
 examined. 
 10. Paus. I. 8, 4. Near the temple of Ares. Statues of Herakles 
 
 and Theseus. 
 
 I. 19, 3. Cynosarges. A temple of Herakles. 
 I. 24, 3. On the Acropolis. Herakles strangling 
 
 serpents. 
 
 I. 31, 6. At Acharnae. Herakles worshipped. 
 I. 32, 4. At Marathon. Herakles worshipped. 
 HERAKLES standing, naked, right hand resting on side; left 
 
 hand, wrapped in lion's skin, rests on club. 
 JE Loebbecke. Rhousopoulos. (DD xi.) 
 Beule 397, 1. 
 
 (Beule 397, 3, is of Uxentum in Calabria.) 
 Kohler, Athen. Mittheil. vi. p. 365. 
 
 Herakles clad in long chiton; right hand rests on club, in 
 left, cornucopiae. The coin thus described by Beule 
 (397, 2) is identical with the following :
 
 148 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Herakles as a term, lion's skin over shoulders, right hand 
 
 rests on club, in left, cornucopiae. 
 M Munich. (DD xu.) Cf. Hartwig, Herakles m. d. Fullhorn, p. 51. 
 
 The Herakles first described (xi.) is exactly in the attitude 
 of Glycon's statue. 
 Herakles naked, standing to left ; right hand advanced, in left, 
 
 club, which rests on ground. 
 Ji Rhousopoulos. (DD xin.) 
 11. Paus. I. 8, 5. Ov Troppw Se ecrTdcri,v'Apfj,68io<; real ' 
 
 ryeiTfov ol KTelvavTe<?''I'7r7rap%ov .... TWV Be a 
 
 ol ftev elcn KptTtou re^vrj, rov? Be dp^aiovs 
 
 'A.vTrfvG)p. Sep^ov Be, o)<; el\ev 
 
 TO acnv 'Adrjvaicov, dirayayofAevov teal TOVTOVS are 
 
 \d(f>vpa, KareTre/Ji'^rev vcrrepov 'Adrjvatois 'Aimo^o?. 
 HARMODIUS and ARISTOGEITON charging : Aristogeiton bearded, 
 
 holding sheath in left hand, chlamys over left arm : 
 
 Harmodius beardless, naked, sword in raised right. 
 JR B. M. (DD xiv.). Paris. (DD xv.) 
 
 Beule 335 ; Friedrich, Arch. Zcit. 1859, p. 64-71, pi. cxxvu. 
 
 Harmodius naked, facing, holds sword raised, and sheath. 
 
 Al Athens. 
 
 Kohler in Zeit. f. Num. xu. 103. 
 
 Harmodius naked, charging to left, right hand raised with sword. 
 
 M Loebbecke. (DD xvi.) 
 
 Aristogeiton advancing to right, sword in right hand, chlamys 
 
 on left arm. 
 M Loebbecke. (DD xvn. ) 
 
 Aristogeiton (?) advancing to right, holds sword and chlamys. 
 M Loebbecke. (DD xvm.) 
 
 This group from the statues of Critius and Nesiotes has so 
 often been discussed that it is unnecessary to say anything more 
 about it. See Overbeck, Gr. Plastik, I. p. 118, and Michaelis in 
 Journ. Hell. Stud. v. 146. The three coins of Mr. Loebbecke 
 (xvi.-xvill.) seem to be unpublished, and the two first of them 
 are decidedly interesting in point of style ; the powerful forms of 
 the heroes remind us of the Naples statues. 
 12. Paus. I. 15, 1. 'loOcrt Be TT/JO? rrjv crroav rjv 
 diro rwv ypatfrwv, earns 
 Ayopaios /cat irv\r] 7r\rj(ri 
 I. 22, 8. At entrance to Acropolis. Hermes Propylaeus. 
 I. 27, 1. Ketrat 8e ev r&5 vaw T% HoXtaSo? f E/3yLt?}? %v\ov, 
 Ke/cpo7ro? elvai \ey6fAevov dvdOrjfta, VTTO K\dS(av /j,vp- 
 ov O-VVOTTTOV.
 
 HERMES. 149 
 
 I. 28, 6. On the Acropolis. A Hermes. 
 HERMES as terminal figure, caduceus in left hand. 
 
 M Paris. (DD XIX.) 
 Beule 15-2. 
 
 Archaic Hermes bearded standing to right, holds caduceus in 
 left hand. 
 
 Beule 348 (Beule mistakes the caduceus for a wreath, and calls the figure the 
 hero Stephanephoros. ) 
 
 Hermes running, chlamys flying, holds purse and caduceus. 
 M Loebbecke. (DD xxi.) Rhousopoulos. 
 Beule 362, 1. 
 
 Hermes naked, standing, holds strigil and caduceus (?) 
 jE Vienna. (DD xxn.) Loebbecke. (DD xxin. ) 
 Beule 362. 
 
 The archaic figure of Hermes (xx.) may be a copy of the 
 Hermes Agoraeus set up before the Persian wars. See Hermes, 
 XXI. pp. 493, 600. The figure carrying a purse (xxi.) would seem 
 to be a later Hermes Agoraeus. The third figure (xxil. XXIII.) 
 we cannot positively identify ; the strigil is clear and this seems 
 to indicate Hermes if we compare the Hermes Promachus at 
 Tanagra (X xni.) ; but the caduceus is not certain ; in fact the 
 object looks more like a club. Perhaps the figure may be 
 Theseus or Herakles. 
 
 13. Pans. I. 18, 1. To Se lepbv TWV &.io(ncovpwv ecrrlv dp^aiov 
 
 avroi re eo-rwre? teal oi 9rat8e<? KafajpevoJ a-faaiv efi 
 
 ITTTTfOV. 
 
 I. 31, 1. The Dioscuri worshipped at Cephalae. 
 The DIOSCURI, naked, their arms about one another, one holds 
 patera, the other spear. 
 
 JR(EB i.) 
 Beule, 339. 
 
 This type of the Dioscuri seems to be a copy of an archaic 
 work ; they embrace one another like Dermys and Citylus on 
 the Boeotian mcnument. Hegias an Athenian artist of early 
 times made statues of the Dioscuri, which were afterwards 
 carried to Rome. See Pliny, N.H. xxxiv. 78. 
 
 14. Paus. I. 20, 3. *Hi/ 'AptcrrtW 'AApriMOf, 
 
 Trpeo-fieveiv e? ra? 7roX9 Ta9 'JLXkrjviSa? 
 dveireicrev 'AOrjvatovs M.idpiSdrr)v 6e<r6ai 
 
 Coins of Athens of the late type bearing the name of Aristion,
 
 150 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 and the name of Mithridates, as well as his badge, a 
 star between two crescents. 
 
 ^R B. M. &c. Beule, 237. AT Berlin, Zcit. f. Num. iv. 9. 
 15. Paus. I. 21, 4. ToO Be 'Acr/eA/^TrtoO TO iepov e? re ra dyd\- 
 fjLard <TTIV, OTTOcra rov 6eov 7T7rolr)Tai Kal TWV TralSwv, 
 Kal 69 ra? 7/9a0a? #ea<? a!~tov. 
 
 I. 23, 4. 6ewv dyd\fJt,aTa eaTiv 'Tyieias re, fjv y Aa-K\rj7riov 
 etvat \eyovcri, Kal 'Adr/va^ 7riK\r]cnv Kal 
 
 ASKLEPIOS clad in himation ; his right hand rests on serpent- 
 rod, his left on his side. 
 
 M B. M. (EE n.) ^E Loebbecke (EE in.) Rhousopoulos (EE IV.) 
 Beule, 331 and 401. 
 
 Similar figure, but left hand raised. 
 
 M Beule, p. 331. 
 
 Hygieia; holds in left hand patera, snake rising over her 
 
 shoulder. 
 ME. M. (EEv.) 
 Beule, 259. 
 
 Hygieia ; holds in left hand patera ; behind her, stem of tree 
 whence snake rises over her shoulder ; her right resting 
 
 on her side. 
 JE Beule, 259. 
 
 16. Paus. I. 18, 9. Hadrian builds a gymnasium at Athens. 
 Table surmounted by head of Athene wreath and owl ; beneath 
 
 it sometimes amphora, or in field, palm. 
 M B. M &c. 
 
 Similar; side of table inscribed A API AN 6 1 A. 
 JE Berlin. Rhousopoulos. 
 Similar table ; on it small figure of Pallas and owl ; beneath, 
 
 amphora ; to the left, palm. 
 JE B. M. Ehousopoulos. 
 
 The Berlin coin proves that this agonistic table has reference 
 to games established by Hadrian. 
 
 17. Paus. i. 22, 8. Charites by Socrates, at the entry to the 
 
 Citadel. 
 Three female figures clad in long chitons, moving hand in 
 
 hand ; the foremost with outstretched hand. 
 M B. M. de Hirsch (EE vi.) 
 Beule, 297. 
 
 Benndorf in Arch. Z. 1869, 61. 
 Bliimner in Arch. Z. 1870, 83. 
 
 This coin does not unfortunately help us in the interpretation 
 of this much discussed group, which appears frequently on
 
 CHARITES. 151 
 
 Athenian reliefs. Whether the figures represented are three 
 nymphs, three Charites, or the three daughters of Cecrops 
 remains uncertain. 
 
 18. Paus. I. 23. 'ETTI Be TOV voriov Ka\ovp,evov ret^ovf, o TT}? 
 
 d/epo7ro'Xe&>9 9 TO Qearpov ecrri rerpa^^evov, ejrl TOVTOV 
 MeSoucr?79 T??9 Topyovos eVt^pucros dvdiceiTai Ke^a^rj, 
 teal Trepl avrrjv alyls TreTroirjTai. 
 
 A Gorgon-head also on the aegis of Athene, &c. 
 
 Head of MEDUSA. 
 
 M M B. M. &c. 
 
 Beule, 346. 
 
 19. Paus. I. 28, 4. Pan venerated in grotto near Propylaea. 
 PAN seated in grotto on side of Acropolis-rock. 
 
 M. See Acropolis. 
 
 20. Paus. I. 32, 4. Monument of Miltiades at Marathon, and 
 
 a trophy of white marble. 
 
 MILTIADES armed, dragging a captive Persian to a trophy. 
 
 JE B. M. Imh. (EE vii.) Photiades. (EE vm.) 
 
 In the Theatre were statues of Miltiades and Themistocles ; 
 beside each, a Persian prisoner. (Schol. Aristid. in. p. 535, 
 Bind.). 
 
 21. Paus. I. 33, 2. Mapaflwvos Be trraBtov^ paXicna e^Kovra 
 
 avre^et 'Payu^ot^ .... fiiKpbv Be UTTO 6a\daa"ris avco Ne/ie- 
 creco9 eanv iepov. . . . ^eiSta? rov \idov elpyda-aro dya\,/jLa 
 p,ev elvai Ne/ieo-eco?, rfi Ke^aXfj Be eTrecrri T?)? deov a-re- 
 (fravos e\d<f>ov<; e^wv KOI NtV?79 dydXfjiara ov fie<yd\a' 
 rat9 Be ^epcrlv e%ei, rfj p,ev K\dBov fj,rj\ea<?, tr) Beia Be 
 
 Coin of Cyprus : fourth century B.C. Goddess facing, clad in 
 
 long chiton, holds branch and patera. 
 JR B. M. Cypriote legend. 
 Six in Num. Chron. 1882, 89. 
 
 The identification of the figure on the coin with the Nemesis 
 of Rhamnus, a work of Agoracritus, not of Pheidias, is advocated 
 by M. Six, and has much in its favour. In the flourishing times 
 of Athens coins of Cyprus and the neighbouring coast bear not 
 unfrequently copies of the great statues of Athens. 
 22. OTHER TYPES at Athens : 
 
 Isis standing to left, lotus on head, holds flower. 
 
 Al B. M. (EE ix.) 
 
 Isis or Demeter facing, clad in long chiton and over-dress, holds
 
 152 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 ears of corn and long torch or sceptre : on head, head 
 dress of Isis. 
 
 M Paris. (EE x.) 
 
 Beule, 248. 
 
 Tyche facing, holds sceptre and cornucopiae. 
 
 M B. M. (EE xi.) 
 
 Nike standing to left, winged, holds cornucopiae (?) and drops 
 
 lot into amphora. 
 ^Vienna. (EE xn.) 
 
 Hero facing, naked, spear in raised right hand, left rests on 
 
 side. 
 
 M B. M. (EE xin.) 
 Metellus laureate seated facing, holds in right spear or sceptre, 
 
 in left, sword across knees. 
 M dc Hirsch (EE xiv.) 
 
 Similar figure, crowned by Nike who holds wreath and sceptre, 
 ^B. M. (tExv.) 
 Draped female figure seated to right on rock, rests left hand 
 
 on a column. 
 JE Berlin. (EE xvi.) Loebbecke. (EE xvn.) 
 
 Published by Beule (p. 400) as a figure of Solon : Lange 
 (Athen. Mittheil. VI. p. 69) is much nearer the mark in suggesting 
 that it may be a Demeter ; but even this attribution is uncertain. 
 
 ELEUSIS. 
 
 1. Paus. I. 37, 2. Temple of Demeter and Cora on the sacred 
 
 way. 
 
 I. 37, 6. Another in the pass to Eleusis. 
 I. 38, 6. Temple of Triptolemus at Eleusis. 
 I. 38, 7. The Sanctuary of the two Goddesses. 
 DEMETER seated in chariot of snakes, veiled, holds in right 
 hand ears of corn. 
 
 M B. M. &c. (EE xix.) 
 Imhoof, M. G. pi. C, 28. 
 
 Triptolemus, standing in chariot of snakes, holds two ears of 
 
 corn in right hand. 
 M B. M. &c. 
 
 Imh. M.G. pi. C, 29. 
 
 Triptolemus seated in chariot of snakes, naked to waist : holds 
 
 in right hand two ears of corn. 
 JEB. M. &c. (EExx.) 
 
 Imh. M.G. pi. C, 27. 
 
 Overbeck, Demeter, pi. ix. 1 a and b. 
 
 Athcn. Mittheil. iv. 250 and 262.
 
 OROPUS. 153 
 
 OROPUS. 
 1. Paus. I. 34, 2. Kol 'Qpunriois vaos re eaTiv ' Aft<f)iapdov teal 
 
 ayaX/za \CVKOV \ldov. 
 AMPHIARAUS seated on throne, naked down to waist ; his right 
 
 hand extended, in his left, long sceptre ; at his feet, 
 
 snake. 
 JE Gallienus. B. M. (EE xvm.) 
 
 Head of Amphiaraus bearded and laur. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. 
 
 Koehler in Athcn. Mittheil. iv. 262. 
 
 On these coins Amphiaraus is represented exactly in the 
 guise of Asclepius, as a god rather than as a hero, in accordance 
 with Pausanias' statements. 
 
 SALAMIS. 
 
 1. Paus. I. 36, 1. 'Ez> SaXa/uz/t Se . . . . TpOTraiov ecrrrj/cev airo 
 rijs viKrjs r)v e/J,H7TOK~\.rjs 6 Neo/cXeou9 a'trios eyevero 
 yeve<rdai rot? "EXX^o-t .... vavfjia-^ovvrwv Se ' 
 7rpo<t M^Sof 9 Spdicovra ev rats vaval \eyerai 
 
 THEMISTOCLES in cuirass, helmeted, standing on galley, holds 
 wreath and trophy ; on ship, owl ; before it, snake. 
 
 M B. M. Photiades. (EE xxi., xxn.) Imh. Loebbecke. 
 Beule, 305. 
 
 Owl and snake sometimes absent. 
 
 OTHER TYPE : 
 
 Demeter standing to left, holds in right hand ears of corn, in 
 left, torch. 
 
 M Caracalla. Welzl de "Wellenheim, Catalogue, No. 3965. (It is however 
 
 doubtful whether this coin be not misread. ) 
 Kohler, Athen. Mittheil. iv. 262. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 Since previous parts of the Commentary were published, 
 several new types, or better specimens of types already pub- 
 lished have been discovered, in most cases owing to the friendly 
 cooperation of the custodians of the national collections at 
 Berlin and Paris and to Prof. Rhousopoulos. These we subjoin, 
 preserving the same order of subjects as in the earlier paper 
 and the same numbers of sections where possible. In cases 
 in which the passages of Pausanias have been already cited 
 at length we here content ourselves with a mere reference.
 
 154 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 MEGARA. 
 
 8. APOLLO facing, clad in citharoedic costume ; holds branch 
 
 and lyre. 
 M Anton. Pius. Paris. (FF I.) 
 
 This is a variety of A IX., and apparently a copy more or less 
 free of a statue of Praxiteles. In this specimen the attitude of 
 the god appears less stiff than in A ix., and the body rests more 
 on one leg than the other. It is of course a great gain if we 
 can trace a citharoedic type of Apollo to Praxiteles. 
 ARTEMIS holding bow and drawing arrow from quiver ; Apollo 
 
 as above ; Leto leaning on sceptre. 
 JE Commodus. Rhousopoulos. (Ff n.) 
 
 It is interesting to compare this type with A X. The figure 
 of Apollo in it is more closely like the detached Apollo of A ix., 
 and thus the probability that the group reproduces that of 
 Praxiteles is increased. There is a correction to make in 
 the description above under Megara. 8 : Artemis holds a bow, 
 not as there stated, a plectrum. 
 
 9. ATHENE standing erect, spear in raised right hand, shield 
 
 on left arm. 
 
 M L. Verus. Rhousopoulos. (FF m. ) 
 This is a better specimen than A XI. 
 
 PAGAE. 
 
 1 A. Isis standing in temple ; holds sistrum and vase. 
 M Commodus. Rhousopoulos. (FF rv.) 
 Isis to right, and Asklepius, standing face to face. 
 
 M Sep. Severus. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 2. HORSEMAN galloping right or left, chlamys flying. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Rhousopoulos. 
 Geta. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Possibly this figure may represent Aegialeus, son of Adrastus, 
 whose tomb was at Pagae, Paus. I. 44, 7 ; but more probably it 
 stands for the Emperor. 
 
 CORINTH. 
 
 3. Athene Chalinitis taming PEGASUS. 
 M Antoii. Pius. Paris. 
 
 Athene here takes the place of the more usual Bellerophon. 
 Chimaera. 
 
 M Commodus. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 6. ISTHMUS holding patera and rudder, seated in circular 
 temple with conical roof surmounted by dolphins : on 
 either side of temple, tree. 
 M Domna. Paris. (FF v.)
 
 CORINTH. 155 
 
 This coin seems to represent a different sacellum of Isthmus 
 from that already figured (C xxxvu.). The form of the temple, 
 and the pose of the statue within it, are quite different in the 
 two cases. 
 10. POSEIDON naked, standing; right foot rests on a rock; 
 
 trident in raised left hand ; in right hand, which hangs 
 
 down, aplustre (?) ; behind, tree. 
 
 JE Caracalla. Rliousopoulos. 
 Cf. D LIII. 
 
 Poseidon seated on throne, holds dolphin and trident trans- 
 versely. 
 
 JE Domitian. Berlin. 
 
 A variety of D LIV. 
 
 Poseidon, holding dolphin and trident, in chariot drawn by 
 
 four horses. 
 M Plautilla. B. M. 
 11. Quadrangular HARBOUR; at the top, temple, to which steps 
 
 lead from the water, to left of it a shrine (?) to right a 
 
 statue (?) ; at the two sides a range of colonnades : in 
 
 the water, two Tritons, face to face. 
 
 M Caracalla. Rhousopoulos. (FF VI. ) 
 
 As D LX. represents the harbour of Cenchreae, so the present 
 coin seems to represent that of Lechaeum, which was a made 
 harbour on the Corinthian gulf and the chief station of the 
 Corinthian war-fleet. The temple in that case would be 
 Poseidon's (Paus. II. 2, 3, <m Be ev Ae^acw //,/ Hoo-iScovo<; 
 lepov KOI aya\{ta %a\tcovv}. 
 
 Poseidon standing naked, holds dolphin and trident; before 
 him Aphrodite, holding shield, with her back to him; 
 
 between them, Eros. 
 M Commodus. Berlin. 
 13. APHRODITE, facing, draped, holds in right hand apple, in 
 
 left hand the end of her dress. 
 
 JE Auton. Rhousopoulos. (FF vn. ) 
 
 Obverse, Head of Lais or Aphrodite. A different type of 
 Aphrodite from D LXX. The figure may however be Tyche, as 
 there is an attribute which looks like a cornucopiae. 
 
 Aphrodite, holding mirror, in a biga drawn by Tritons. 
 M Nero. Munich. (FF vm.) 
 Previously mentioned, but not figured. 
 19. ZEUS seated to left on throne, holds Nike and long sceptre. 
 
 M Hadrian. Rhousopoulos. (FF IX.) 
 M. Aurelius. B. M.
 
 156 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Probably a representation of the Capitolian Zeus ; the throne 
 has no back, otherwise the type is closely like that embodied 
 by Pheidias in the Olympian Zeus (P XXI.). 
 20. PALLAS seated on throne ; holds in right, Nike ; in left, 
 
 spear ; against which rests shield. 
 M Sept. Severus. Bliousopoulos. (FF x.) 
 Possibly Roma rather than Pallas. 
 
 Pallas standing, on basis : her right hand is extended, in her 
 left spear. 
 
 j3E M. Aurelius. Loebbecke. 
 
 Pkutilla. Khousopoulos (FF xi.) 
 
 The basis shows that we have here a copy of a statue : that 
 it is of Pallas is not quite certain, the head not being clear on 
 either specimen. 
 23. HERAKLES facing, head turned to left ; holds in right hand 
 
 club which rests on a cippus, on left arm lion's skin. 
 M Anton. Pius. Berlin (FF xn.) 
 
 A different type of Herakles from F cm., CIV.; but like 
 them probably a copy of one of the numerous statues of Herakles 
 which the city must have contained. 
 
 Herakles naked standing to left; right hand raised, in left, 
 which is partly raised, club and lion's skin ; before him, 
 Aphrodite holding shield. 
 M Commodus. Berlin (FF xm.) Cf. F civ. 
 
 24. PEIEENE personified as a nymph, naked to waist, seated on 
 throne ; holds on her lap water-pot ; behind, snake 
 to left. 
 M Caracalla. Berlin. 
 
 Cf. F evil., but in the present case Peirene is seated on a 
 throne, a fact confirming the view that the coin-type is a copy 
 of a figure by the spring. 
 25. Paus. II. 2, 8. Kat 'ATroXXwp 7riK\r)o-iv K\dpio<; %a\Kov<> 
 
 ea-Ti. Cf. II. 3, 2. 
 APOLLO naked, standing, holds in right plectrum, in left lyre 
 
 which rests on tripod ; snake twined round tripod. 
 M Sept. Sev. Berlin (FF xiv.) 
 
 This figure of Apollo is connected by tripod snake and lyre 
 with the oracular functions of the god, and therefore probably 
 stands for Apollo Clarius. The oracle of Apollo at Clarus was 
 celebrated and said to have been founded by Manto, daughter 
 of Teiresias.
 
 CORINTH. 157 
 
 28. HERMES naked, seated on rock, ram (?) beside him ; the 
 whole group on a basis, in front of which is a basin for 
 water. 
 
 M Commodus. Paris (FF xv.) 
 
 This adds another to the representations on coins of Corinthian 
 fountains : the figure of Hermes seems to be a copy of that in 
 the sacellum, F cxi. ; the figure of the ram, however, is not to 
 be clearly made out in the present coin. 
 33. APHRODITE, naked, but holding shield ; kneeling at the 
 
 feet of the Emperor. 
 M Sept. Severus. Berlin. 
 
 Aphrodite, naked to waist, turned to right, supporting with 
 both hands shield which rests on pillar : the whole in 
 tetrastyle temple on rock. 
 JE Hadrian. Rhousopoulos (FF xvi.) 
 
 This is a curious variety of G- cxxi. cxxvi., inasmuch as 
 Aphrodite is turning in the wrong direction, and her shield 
 rests on a pillar which stands in the place occupied on other 
 coins by Eros. 
 
 3-4. OTHER TYPES at Corinth. 
 
 Military female figure (Achaia ?) seated on rock, holds spear 
 and sword, looks backward ; behind her, spears and 
 shields. 
 M Plautilla. B. M. 
 
 This specimen serves to correct our description of G CXL., in 
 which we call the spears ears of corn. 
 Turreted female figure sacrificing left at altar ; holds in left 
 
 hand rudder. 
 M Anton. Pius. Paris. 
 
 This seems to be a form of Tyche. 
 
 Turreted female figure holding sceptre, standing beside 
 trophy. 
 
 M Caracalla. Berlin. 
 
 An embodiment of the city of Corinth. 
 The Emperor, standing, in a tetrastyle temple. 
 JE Nero. B. M. Rhousopoulos, &c. 
 Male figure standing; holds in right hand tessera; over left 
 
 arm chlamys. 
 M Domitian. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Perhaps an Athlete drawing lots for his turn in the Isthmian 
 games. 
 
 E
 
 158 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Maenad clad in short chiton : holds in raised right hand torch 
 
 or knife (?), in left human head. 
 M Caracalla. Rhousopoulos (FF xvn.) 
 Perseus facing, naked, holds in right hand head of Gorgon, in 
 
 left harpa. 
 jE Auton. Paris. 
 
 TENEA. 
 
 Cf. Paus. ii. 5, 3. 
 TYPES. 
 
 Dionysus (?) standing to left ; holds in right hand kantharos, 
 
 in left thyrsus. 
 
 M Donma. Zeit. f. Num. i. 320, pi. ix. 3. 
 Tyche standing. 
 M Sept. Severus. B. M. Cat. Peloponnesus, pi. ix. 23. 
 
 SlCYON. 
 
 9. ASKLEPIOS seated on throne, sceptre in raised left hand, 
 
 right hand extended over the head of a snake. 
 M Geta. Paris. 
 
 Cf. the statue at Epidaurus, L ni. v. 
 OTHER TYPES at Sicyon. 
 14. Amazonian figure, clad in short chiton, on top of pillar ; she 
 
 extends her right hand, and holds in left spear. 
 M Caracalla. Paris (FF xvill.) 
 
 Either a statue of Artemis (cf. II. 10, 2) or one of the numerous 
 memorials of notable persons which existed at Sicyon. 
 Isis to left ; holds sistrum and vase. 
 M Geta. Rhousopoulos. 
 Horse ridden by human head. 
 M Geta. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 PHLIUS. 
 
 1. Bearded male head crowned with reeds (Asopus ?). 
 M Auton. B. M. Cat. Peloponnesus, pi. vn. 6. 
 3. ARTEMIS running to right, holds in left hand bow, with 
 
 right hand draws arrow from quiver : dog at her feet. 
 M Geta. Berlin (FF xix.) 
 4>a. Paus. II. 13, 7. Ov Troppm Se ecrriv 6 Ka\.ov/j,evos 
 
 OMPHALOS represented as a circle in the midst of a wheel. 
 
 M Auton. B. M. Cat. Peloponnesus, pi. vii. 4. 
 
 5a. Paus. II. 13, 7. "E<rrt 8e KOI 'ATroXXwfo?, KOI 
 
 TO jj,V Brj d'ydX./Jia rov Aioz/ucrou Brj\ov Tracriv, 
 
 Be Kal TO rov 'A7roAAa>i/os.
 
 PHLTUS. ifts 
 
 APOLLO naked, standing to right; bow in advanced left hand. 
 
 M Geta. Rhousopoulos (FF xx.) 
 
 6. APHRODITE (?) facing, right hand raised. 
 
 M J. Domna. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 It is impossible to determine whether this figure is of 
 Aphrodite or some other goddess, owing to the bad preservation 
 of the coin. It may be of Hebe. 
 
 CLEONAE. 
 OTHER TYPES : 
 
 Asklepios seated to left on throne, extends his right hand over 
 head of coiled snake, in his left hand sceptre ; dog lying 
 behind him. 
 M Sept. Severus. Berlin. 
 
 A close copy of the Epidaurian statue by Thrasymedes : 
 cf. L in. v. 
 Artemis to right, holds in left hand bow, with right hand 
 
 draws arrow from quiver ; dog at her feet. 
 M Plautilla. Berlin. 
 
 Artemis facing, head turned to left, dog beside her ; on either 
 
 side a cypress. 
 M Sept. Severus. Brunswick (FF xxi.) 
 
 NEMEA. (Coins of Argos.) 
 2. HYPSIPYLE running to left in alarm with arms spread 
 
 towards erect serpent, which holds in its coils the body of 
 
 Opheltes inverted. 
 M Hadrian. Berlin. 
 
 ARGOS. 
 8. Perseus bearded (?) standing, chlamys over shoulders ; holds 
 
 in right hand harpa, in left Gorgoneion. 
 M Sept. Sev. Berlin (FF xxn.) 
 
 This type of Perseus is quite different from the conventional 
 figure of I XVII., XVIII. 
 9. APOLLO (Lycius ?) naked, facing, holds in right hand a 
 
 branch ; rests left elbow on Ionic column. 
 JE M. Aurelius. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 L. Verus. Rhousopoulos (FF xxiu.) 
 
 Above described, but not figured : possibly a reproduction of 
 the work of the sculptor Attalus (Paus. II. 19, 3.) 
 16. LETO, right hand raised to shoulder, the left extended over 
 
 a small figure of Chloris, within a temple. 
 JE Anton. Pius. Paris (FF xxiv.) Berlin. 
 These important coins complete the proof that the group of
 
 160 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 these coins, as well as of K xxxvi. vm. is a copy of the work 
 of Praxiteles. On these specimens there is nothing in the left 
 hand of Leto, her right hand is raised to her shoulder, whether 
 to a quiver or to adjust her dress. Chloris seems to be a 
 somewhat stiffly-draped figure. 
 
 17. DEMETER standing, clad in long chiton ; holds in extended 
 right hand poppy-head, in left ears of corn. 
 
 M L. Verus. Berlin (GG i.) 
 
 Demeter, holding poppy-head and ears of corn, in a railed 
 inclosure. 
 
 JE Sept. Severus. Paris. 
 
 The pose of this figure is not unlike that of Demeter on 
 K xxxix. The inclosure in which she stands, probably the 
 only occurrence of such a barrier on Greek coins, proves that 
 the figure is a copy of a statue. The coin is too ill-preserved to 
 be reproduced. 
 
 18. One of the DIOSCURI, naked, standing, holds spear and 
 sword. 
 
 M Hadrian. Rhousopoulos. 
 Ant iiiuus. Paris. 
 
 19. Two figures of EILEITHUIA to left, each holding two 
 torches, one raised, one lowered. 
 
 M Hadrian, Paris. 
 
 21. ATHENE standing, holds in right hand patera, in raised 
 
 right spear, against which leans shield. 
 M Hadrian. Berlin (GG n.) 
 24. ASKLEPIOS seated on throne, in the front of a temple with 
 
 five Ionic columns at side. 
 M Anton. Pius. Berlin (GG HI.) 
 
 We have here further proof that the statue of Asklepios by 
 Xenophilus and Strato is that reproduced on the coins. The 
 coin however on which the figure of Hygieia appears, K XLVIII, 
 is not of Argos, but of Aegium : see R x. 
 29. ARES standing, armed, clad in short chiton, holds patera 
 
 and spear. 
 M J. Domna. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 Compare L L. 
 
 30. OTHER TYPES at Argos. 
 Goddess standing, clad in long chiton ; holds patera and 
 
 sceptre. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Rhousopoulos (GG rv.) 
 Goddess standing, clad in long chiton, holds pomegranate (?)
 
 ARGOS. 161 
 
 and sceptre ; on either side of her, altar ; behind her a 
 
 second figure clad in long chiton, who raises her right 
 
 hand and holds sceptre in left. 
 j J. Domna. Rhousopoulos (GG V.) 
 Standing figure, apparently male, holding long sceptre in round 
 
 shrine on basis. 
 M Anton. Pius. Paris (GG vi.) 
 Artemis running, discharging arrow. 
 jE M. Aurelius. Paris. 
 River-god reclining (Inachus ?). 
 Ant. Pius. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 EPIDAURUS. 
 
 2. The ASKLEPIOS of Thrasymedes seated to left ; before him, 
 snake. 
 
 JE Anton. Pius. Berlin (GG vn.) 
 
 Cf. L in. v. The present coin is added because of its 
 remarkable execution and preservation. Even the head of 
 Asklepios is quite distinct ; it is closely like that of Zeus on 
 fourth century coins. 
 3. HYGIEIA standing in round temple. 
 M Anton. Pius. Berlin (GG vin.) 
 
 In this coin as in L vi. the details of the figure are not clear, 
 nor even its identification certain. She stands to left, clad in 
 long chiton and over-dress ; her right hand is extended, her left 
 hangs down. 
 
 6. OTHER TYPES at Epidaurus. 
 Female figure facing, in chiton and over-dress ; holds in raised 
 
 right long sceptre, in left a vessel (?). 
 M Anton. Pius. Paris. Berlin. 
 
 AEGINA. 
 3. Nude figure of APOLLO, right, in the act of discharging an 
 
 arrow. 
 M Auton. Munich (GG ix.) 
 
 This is a different type of Apollo from L II., but probably 
 like it a copy of a work of art of the early Aeginetan school. 
 7. Isis ; holds sistrum and vase. 
 M Geta. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 TROEZEN. 
 
 4. APOLLO holding an arrow and leaning on a tripod, around 
 which is twined a serpent ; he is draped from the waist 
 downwards. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Paris (GG x.)
 
 162 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 5a. Paus. II. 31, 10. Kat 'Epyu,?7<? evravdd etrn Ho\vyio<; 
 
 Ka\ov/jLvos ; close to the statue, an olive. 
 HERMES facing, right hand raised, in left hand chlamys and 
 
 caduceus ; at his feet, on either side, ram and lyre. 
 M Sept. Severus. Paris (GG xi.) 
 Hermes advancing to right, drags goat by the horns, and holds 
 
 in left hand caduceus. 
 M Sept. Severus. Paris (GG xn.) 
 7. HlPPOLYTUS, standing, chlamys over shoulders, spear in 
 
 raised left. 
 
 JE Commodus. Rhousopoulos. 
 Sept. Severus. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 HlPPOLYTUS, with spear and sword, before Phaedra (or her 
 nurse), who approaches him in an attitude of sup- 
 plication. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Berlin (GG xm.) 
 
 9. ASKLEPIUS standing at altar, snake-entwined staff in his 
 left hand ; all in temple. 
 
 M Commodus. Rhousopoulos (GG xiv. ) 
 
 10. FOUNTAIN, a pillar with lion sitting thereon, water flowing 
 
 into basin from his mouth. 
 & Sept. Severus. Loebbecke (GG xv.) 
 
 A curious variant on the representation of the same subject 
 on M x., where the water flows from between the lion's feet, and 
 the basin is supported by a pillar, and not, as here, by legs. 
 12. OTHER TYPES at Troezen. 
 Circular shrine, apparently surrounded by pillars : in the front 
 
 of it, closed doors. 
 M Commodus. Berlin (GG xvi.) 
 
 HERMIONE. 
 1. POSEIDON naked, standing to right, holds trident and 
 
 dolphin, left foot rests on rock. 
 M Caracal! a. Berlin (GG xvn.) 
 
 3. The drapery of DIONYSUS on M I. is peculiar, consisting of 
 a skin or nebris reaching down to the knees : it may be that 
 this is the black goat's skin from which at Hermione Dionysus 
 took his name. 
 
 LERNA and NAUPLIA. Coins of Argos. 
 3. POSEIDON naked, standing, left foot propped on a rock ; 
 
 holds trident and dolphin. 
 .33 Sept. Severus. Rhousopoulos. 
 AMYMONE seated on rock, her right hand raised to her neck,
 
 LERNA AND NAUPLIA. 163 
 
 her left resting on hydria ; before her Poseidon standing ; 
 holds trident in right, and carries chlamys over left arm. 
 JE Ant. Pius. Rhousopoulos (GG XVIIL) 
 
 This description cannot be relied on, as the prongs of 
 Poseidon's trident, and the hydria of Amymone, the two details 
 which identify the scene, are obscure. There is an uncertain 
 object (sea-snake ?) above the left arm of Poseidon. Compare 
 L LIV. 
 Amymone seated on rock, hydria at her feet ; right hand 
 
 extended, left rests on rock. 
 M Paris (GG xix.) 
 Amymone standing, clad in long chiton ; her right hand is 
 
 raised to her neck, in her left she holds hydria. 
 M Antoninus Pius. Rhousopoulos (GG xx. ) 
 
 There is a curious likeness between this type and L LI., the 
 hydria on this coin appearing instead of the dolphin in the 
 other. Probably in both cases the intention is to represent 
 the nymph. 
 
 LACEDAEMOX. 
 
 1. ARTEMIS Astrateia facing, clad in short chiton with 
 diplois ; holds in right hand strung bow, in left spear 
 and shield ; beside her, stag. 
 JE J. Domna. Rhoxisopoulos (GG xxi.) 
 
 This interesting coin entirely confirms our attribution and 
 description of N III. as Artemis Astrateia. 
 
 GYTHEIUM. 
 1. HERAKLES bearded in form of a term, clad in lion's skin, 
 
 arm folded over breast. 
 JE Sept. Severus. Rhousopoulos. 
 Closely resembling y vi. 
 
 COLONIDES. 
 
 Niche or distyle TEMPLE, within which a female figure, 
 
 indistinct. 
 M Geta. Rhousopoulos (GG xxu.) 
 
 ASINE. 
 
 OTHER TYPES at Asine. 
 
 Perseus facing, naked, holds in right hand harpa, in left head 
 
 of Medusa. 
 
 IE J. Domna. Rhousopoulos (GG xxm.) 
 Coiled snake, on basis. 
 yE Sept. Severus. Berlin. 
 Plautilla. linli.
 
 164 NUMISMATIC COMMENTARY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Apparently a reproduction of some votive work of art. 
 Terminal figure of Hermes, draped, right hand holds end of 
 
 nebris, in left caduceus. 
 JE Sept. Severus. Berlin. 
 Draped female figure ; holds what looks like a huge wreath or 
 
 shield. 
 
 M Sept. Severus. Berlin. 
 
 PYLOS. 
 1. PALLAS standing to right, clad in long chiton; holds in 
 
 raised right spear, on left arm shield. 
 .35 Sept. Severus. Rhousopoulos (GG xxiv.) 
 
 PATRAE. 
 
 Male figure standing on column in circular ENCLOSURE; he 
 seems to wear military dress, or short chiton ; his left 
 hand is raised and rests on a spear or sceptre. 
 JE J. Domna. Rhousopoulos. 
 
 A variety of R I. ; probably a figure of an Emperor, from a 
 market or gymnasium. 
 
 I. INDEX OF ARTISTS. 
 
 (1, 2, 3, &c. refer to the sections under cities, 1*, 2*, 3*, &c. to the Supplement. ) 
 
 Aegine tan school Aegina, 3, 3*, 6, 7 Menaechmus Patrae, 3 
 
 Ageladas Messene, 5, Aegiura, 3 Myron Athens, 1 (7) 
 
 Agoracritus Athens, 21 Naucydes Argos, 6 
 
 Alcamenes Athens, 6 Nesiotes Athens, 11 
 
 Angelion Athens, 7 Onasimedes Thebes, 3 
 
 AHalus Argos, 9, 9* Pheidias Megara, 3, Elis, 2, Pellene, 
 
 Bryaxis Megara, 6 1, Athens, 1 (1-5) 
 
 Calamis Tanagra, 3, 5 Polycleitus Argos, 6, 11 
 
 Gallon Troezen, 2 Praxias Delphi, 2 
 
 Cephisodotus I. Megalopolis, 1, Praxiteles Megara, 8, 8*, 11, 12, 
 
 Athens, 9 Argos, 16, 16*, Elis, 6, Man- 
 
 Cephisodotus II. Anticyra, 2 tineia, 2, Plataea, 1, Anticyra, 2 
 
 Critius Athens, 11 Pythocles Sicyon, 5 
 
 Daedalus Thebes, 2 Scopas Sicyon, 7, Elis, 5, Delphi, 2 
 Damophon Messene, 2, 4, Aegium, 1,2 Scyllis Cleonae, 1 
 
 Dipoeuus Cleonae, 1 Soidas Patrae, 3 
 
 Endoeus Tegea, 2 Strato Argos, 24, 24* 
 
 Eucheir Pheneus, 2 Strongylion Megara, 1, Pagae, 1 
 
 Eucleides Bura, 1, Aegira, 2 Tectaeus Athens, 7 
 
 Gitiadas Lacedaemon, 8 Theocosmus Megara, 3 
 
 Hegias Athens, 13 Thrasymedes Epidaurus, 2, 2* 
 
 Hermogenes Corinth, 13, 13* Timarchides Elateia, 1 
 
 Hermon Troezen, 5 Timarchus Anticyra, 2 
 
 LeDchares Athens, 2 Timocles Elateia, 1 
 Lysippus Megara, 4, Sicyon, 6, Xenophilus Argos. 24, 24* 
 
 Argos, 11 Xenophon Megalopolis, 1
 
 ORDER OF CITIES. 
 
 IL ORDER OF CITIES. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 ara, A 1-15 
 Pagae, A 1-7 
 Aegosthena, A 1 
 Corinth, B 1-G 144 
 Sicyon, H 1-20 
 Phlius, H 1 
 Cleonae, H 1, 2 
 Argos, I 1-L 56 
 Epidaurus, L 1-8 
 Aegina, L 1-8 
 Troezen, AI 1-12 
 Alethana, AI 1-4 
 Hermione, AI 1-3 
 Asine, M 1, 2 
 Lema and Nauplia, AI 
 1, 2 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Lacedaemon, N 1-19 
 Gytheium, N 20-0 9 
 Asopus, 10-13 
 Boeae, 14-16 
 Las, O 17-21 
 Thuria, 22-24 
 Alessene, P 1-7 
 Corone. 
 
 Colonides, P 10 
 Mothone, P 8, 9, 11-14 
 Pylos, P 15, 16 
 
 ( With references to Plates}. 
 
 Cyparipsia, P 17-19 
 Elis, P 20-24 
 Dyme. 
 
 Patrae, Q 1-R 5 
 Aegium, R 6-24 
 Helice. 
 Bura, S 1-3 
 Aegira, S 4-9 
 Pellene, S 10-14 
 Arcadia. 
 
 Alantineia, S 15-20 
 Orchomenus, S 21-T 3 
 Pheneus, T 4-8 
 Cleitor, T 9 
 Stymphalus, T 10-12 
 Alea. 
 
 Caphyae, T 13-17 
 Psophis, T 18-21 
 Thelpusa, T 22-24 
 Heraea, T 25, 26 
 Alegalopolis, V 1-8 
 Alethydrion. 
 Lycosura. 
 Phigaleia, V 9-19 
 Tegea, V 20-24 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Plataea. 
 Thebes, X 1, 2 
 Tanagra, X 3-17 
 Thespiae, X 18-21 
 
 Coroneia. 
 Phocis. 
 
 Delphi, X 22-Y 14 
 Elateia, Y 15, 16 
 Anticyra, Y 17 
 Athens, Y 18-EE 17 
 Eleusis, EE 19, 20 
 Oropus, EE 18 
 Salamis, EE 21, 22 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 Alegara, FF 1-3 
 Pagae, FF 4 
 Corinth, FF 5-17 
 Tenea. 
 
 Sicyon, FF 18 
 Phlius, FF 19, 20 
 Cleonae, FF 21 
 Argos, FF 22-GG 6 
 Epidaurus, GG 7, 8 
 Aegina, GG 9 
 Troezen, GG 10-16 
 Hermione, GG 17 
 Lerna and Nauplia, GG 
 
 18-20 
 
 Lacedaemon, GG 21 
 Gytheium. 
 Colonides, GG 22 
 Asine, GG 23 
 Pylos, GG 24 
 Patrae. 
 
 Ill SUBJECTS EEPKESENTED IN PLATES. 
 
 (Order of K. 0. Miiller). 
 
 Zeus seated, A 3, K 25, 26, P 20, 21, 
 Q17, S6, VI, BB4, FF 9 
 
 Zeus standing, A 4, E 89, 90, H 10, 
 K 28, L 54, 6, 11, P 4-6, R 12, 
 13, 15, 18, S 14, BB 1-3. 
 
 Zeus ; head, K 27, P 22, 23, R 19 
 
 Zeus ; childhood, R 14 
 
 Hera seated, I 12, 13, 15, Q 18 
 
 Hera ; head, I 14 
 
 Hebe, I 15 
 
 Hebe ; head, H 1 
 
 Peacock, I 16 
 
 Poseidon seated, D 52, 54-56. 
 
 Poseidon standing, B 6, D 53, 60-63, 
 69, F 104, L 8, 3, 16, Q 19, 20, 
 T 13, GG 17. See also Athene. 
 
 Poseidon ; head, D 51 
 
 Poseidon in chariot, D 57-59 
 
 Poseidon and Amymone, AI 2, GG 18 
 
 Triton, X 7, 8 
 
 F
 
 166 NUMISMATIC COMMENTAEY ON PAUSANIAS. 
 
 Demeter seated, H 20, BB 21, 22 
 Demeter standing, A 12, 13, K 39, 
 
 R 17, SI, T 9, 15, V 15-19, BB 
 
 16-20, 24, CC 8, GG 1 
 Demeter ; head, T 22 
 Demeter in chariot, BB 23, EE 19 
 The Chthonia, M 3 
 Arion, T 23 
 
 Triptolemus, G 138, BB 24, EE 20 
 Apollo seated, X 20, Y 5-7 
 Apollo standing, A 9, 10, F 109, I 22- 
 
 24, L 2, M 1, N 8, 9, 16, 17, 
 
 20, 21, 23, 24, P 19, S 16, T 17, 
 V 5, X 10, 21, 24-26, Y 1-4, CC 
 11-21, FF 1, 2, 14, 20, 23, GG 
 9, 10 
 
 Helios in chariot, F 101, 102 
 
 Apollo ; head, Y 8, 9 
 
 Artemis seated, C 32 
 
 Artemis, A 1, 2, 10, D 66-69, H 17- 
 19, M 1, 2, 6, N 1-4, 11, 12, O 
 8, 9, 21, 23, P 3, 13, Q 6-10, 11, 
 12, R 21, 22, S 4, 5, 12, 17, 
 
 21, 24, T 14, 19, 20, V 5, 9, 10, 
 X 3-5, Y 14, 17, BB 5-16, FF 2, 
 19, 21, GG 21 
 
 Artemis and Callisto, S 22, 23 
 
 Priestess of Artemis, Q 13 
 
 Leto, A 10, F 2 
 
 Leto and Chloris, K 36-38, FF 24 
 
 Hephaestus, P 9, G 136 
 
 Athene seated, AA 20, 21, FF 10 
 
 Athene standing, A 11, D 55, E 91-93, 
 F 116, H 1, I 20, M 8, 5, N 13, 10, 
 18, 22, P 7, 11, 12, 15, 18, Q 
 14, 15, R 20, S 7, 10, V 19, 21, 
 Y 10, 11, 15, 16, 18-22, Z 1, 2, 
 8-10, 13, 18, 19, 22, 23, AA 1-19, 
 FF 3, 11, GG 2, 24 
 
 Athene in chariot, AA 22-23. 
 
 Athene; head, M 1, 2, N 14, 15, Y 
 23-25 
 
 Athene, Cepheus and Sterope, V 22, 
 23 
 
 Athene and Poseidon, Z 11, 12, 14-17 
 
 Athene and Marsyas, Z 20, 21 
 
 Ares, G 137, L 50 
 
 Aphrodite, D 63, 70, 71, F 104, G 125, 
 134, H 16, L 51, M 4, 9, 5, P 10, 
 Q 10, R 23, T 1, V 8, 14, X 19, FF 
 7, 13, 16 
 
 Aphrodite in chariot, D 72, FF 8 
 
 Aphrodite on goat, P 24, Elis 5 
 
 Aphrodite : head, E 73 
 
 Aphrodite and Eros, G 121-124, H 15 
 
 Eros, S 9 
 
 Hermes seated, F 110, 111, R 4, FF 
 
 15 
 Hermes standing, E 86, 87, K 32, 33, 
 
 L 5, 6, 7, R 5, T 6, V 11, 12, 
 
 X 11-16, DD 19-22, GG 11, 12 
 Hermes and young Dionysus, E 88, 
 
 N 5-7, T 4, 5. 
 Dionysus seated, A3, E 81, 82, CC 
 
 1-3 
 Dionysus standing, A 5, E 77-80, H 
 
 4, 5, K 46, M 1, 12, P 17, Q 5, 
 
 S 11, T 2, 7, 21, 25, 26, Elis 7, 
 
 X 1, 7-9, CC 6, 7 
 Cista of Dionysus, Q 1-4 
 Dionysus ; head, CC 5 
 Satyrs, T 3 
 
 Marsyas, T 8. See also Athene 
 Pan, H 12, N 23, V 3, 4, Y 12, 13 
 Pan and Syrinx, T 24 
 Maenad, H 6, 7, FF 17 
 Asklepius seated, K 47, L 3-5, R 9, 
 
 GG 3, 7 
 Asklepius standing, A 7, H 13, K 35, 
 
 1, 2, 14, 19, P 1, Q 24, S 13, 15, 
 
 EE 2-4, GG 14 
 Asklepius ; head, L 2 
 Childhood of Asklepius, L 1 
 Temple with serpent, F 118 
 Asklepius and Hygieia, A 6, F 117, 
 
 Rll 
 Hygieia or Epione, H 14, K 48, L 6, 7, 
 
 20, R 10, EE 5, GG 8 
 Cronus, G 135 
 
 Dioscuri, M 7, 4, S 18, EE 1 
 Hecate, K 41, L 3 
 Nemesis, L 53, 13 
 Eirene and Plutus, DD 9, 10 
 Nike, G 141, 142, AA 24 
 Charites, I 11, EE 6 
 Eileithuia, R 6-8, K 40 
 River-god, T 18, X 6, Y 1 
 Nymph seated, P 105-108, V 13, GG 
 
 18, 19 
 
 Nymph standing, L 51, GG 20 
 Three Nymphs, X 17, EE 6 
 Tyche, A 14, E 83, 84, H 2, 3, K 29,
 
 SUBJECTS REPRESENTED IN PLATES. 
 
 167 
 
 30, M 2, 12, S 8, X 18, EE 11, 
 
 12 
 
 Tyche ; head, E 85, K 31, P 2, X 2 
 Populus, G 139 
 Genius of city, G 143 
 Gens Julia, E 96 
 
 Isthmus, B 10, 21, 22, C 33-38, FF 5 
 Harbours personified, C 39, 40, G 134 
 Achaia, G 140, R 16 
 Roma, R 2 
 Isis, D 64, F 119, 15, EE 9, 10, 
 
 FF4 
 
 Isis with Horns, L 52 
 Cybele, A 4, F 120 
 Phrygian dance, Q 16 
 Herakles, F 103, 104, H 11, 1 10, N 10, 
 
 21, 17, R 3, S 2, 3, V 6, 7, 24, 
 
 DD 11-13, FF 12, 13 
 Labours of Herakles, I 1, M 1, T 10-12 
 Theseus, M 11, DD 1-8 
 Hippolytus, L 54, M 8, GG 13 
 Melampus, A 1 
 Atalanta, V 20 
 Amphiaraus, EE 18 
 Ino and Melicertes, B 18-24 
 Melicertes, B 1-17 
 Bellerophon and Pegasus, C 25-32 
 Opheltes and Hypsipyle, I 2-9 
 
 Danae, L 49 
 
 Perseus, I 17-21, FF 22, GG 23 
 
 Perseus and Athene, I 20 
 
 Diomedes with Palladium, K 43-45 
 
 Phthia, R 24 
 
 Areas, S 20 
 
 Cleobis and Bito, K 34 
 
 Eucleides, A 1 
 
 Hannodius and Aristogeitou, DD 14-18 
 
 Miltiades and captive, EE 7, 8 
 
 Themistocles on ship, EE 21, 22 
 
 Metellus, EE 14, 15 
 
 Athletes, C 41-46 
 
 Uncertain figures, A 15, H 8, 9, L 8, 
 
 55, 56, N 18, 19, P 14, 16, S 19, 
 
 T 16, EE 13, 16, 17, FF 18, GG 4-6, 
 
 22 
 
 Fountains, F 112-115, M 10, GG 15 
 Harbours, D 60, 65, L 1, P 8, Q 21-23 
 Acropolis, G 126-133, K 42, M 3, 4, 
 
 Z 3-7, CC 9, 10 
 Temples without statues, B 11, 13, 
 
 D 49, 50, E 94, 95, L 7, X 22, 23, 
 
 F 6, GG 16 
 
 Theatre of Dionysus, CC 9, 10 
 Gates and arches, A 5-7, F 97-100 
 Tombs, E 74, 76, H 1, 2 
 Other buildings, C 47, 48, G 144, R 1
 
 A. MEGARA.PAGAE. AEGOSTHENA.
 
 V"T '''/- 
 
 f 
 
 :-. f *Trr 
 
 f ' i I y/ 
 
 
 
 XXI 
 
 XXIV 
 
 B. CORINTH I
 
 
 XXX VII 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 XXXVIII 
 
 XL1 
 
 XLII 
 
 XLIII 
 
 XLIV 
 
 XLV 
 
 XLY1 
 
 XLY1I 
 
 XI.VII1 
 
 C. CORIXTH n.
 
 LXXII 
 
 LXIX 
 
 LXX 
 
 LXXI 
 
 D. CORIXTH in. 

 
 xcv 
 
 XCVI 
 
 E. CORINTH IY.
 
 CXVII 
 
 CXV1H 
 
 CXIX 
 
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