4-35 gsting Materials : for Cf;?SI5t Adopted by Cor : tttee, June xx. 1004 PreBmted at the Annual Meeting Suite 17, 1904 C v ^iirtment dine - Steel C:-:\y>aaxy UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES GIFT OP C. v;. BDYNTON Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement Adopted by Committee, June 1 1 1904, Presented at the Annual Meeting June 17, 1904 American Society for Testing Materials American Society for Testing Materials Affiliated with the International Association for Testing Materials Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement George F. Swain, Chairman, Professor Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute Technology, Boston, Mass. George S. Webster, Vice-Chairman, Chief Engineer and Surveyor, Bureau of Surveys, Philadelphia. Richard L. Humphrey, Secretary, Consulting Engineer and Chemist, Harrison Building, Philadelphia. F. H. Bainbridge, Assistant Engineer, Bridges and Buildings, Illinois Central Railroad. Booth, Garrett & Blair, Engineers and Chemists, Philadelphia. C. W. Boynton, Inspector of Cements, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Wheeling, W. Va. Spencer Cosby, Major Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., Philippines. A. W. Dow, Inspector of Asphalts and Cements, Washington, D. C. Andreas Lundteigen, Asst. Manager Peer- less Portland Cement Co., Union City, Michigan. Charles F. McKenna, Consulting Chemist, New York. W. W. Maclay, President, Glens Falls Portland Cement Co., Glens Falls, N.Y. Charles A. Matcham, Manager Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Allentown, Pa. Spencer B. Newberry, Manager Sandusky Portland Cement Co., Sandusky, O. J. M. Porter, Professor Civil Engineering, WMMHW, .T ooiui.giv.., j... j . M. -orter, rroiessor Civil Knj L. Henry Dumary, President, Holder- Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. berg Cement Co., Albany, N. Y. Joseph T. Richards, Chief Ens A. F. Gerstell, General Manager, Alpha Portland Cement Co., Easton, Pa. Edward M. Hagar, Manager Cement De- partment, Illinois Steel Co., Chicago, 111. Wm. H. Harding, President, Bonneville Portland Cement Co., Philadelphia. Olaf Hofi, Engineer of Structures, New York Central and Hudson River Rail- road, New York. Lathbury & Spackman, Engineers and Chemists, Philadelphia. Robert W. Lesley, President American Cement Co., Philadelphia. F. H. Lewis, Manager Virginia Portland Cement Co., Fordwick, Va. John B. Lober, President Vulcanite Port- land Cement Co., Philadelphia. Joseph T. Richards, Chief Engineer M. of W., Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia. Clifford Richardson, Director, New York Testing Laboratory, Long Island City, Louis C. Sabin, Asst. Engineer, U. S. Engineer' Office, SaultSte. Marie, Mich. Harry J. Seaman, Supt., Atlas Portland Cement Co., Northampton, Pa. S. S. Voorhees, Engineer of Tests, Super- vising Architect's Office, Washington, W. S. Eames, President American Insti- tute of Architects, St. Louis, Mo. H. G. Kelly, Vice -President American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association, Minneapolis Minn. AS) r American Society for Testing Materials Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 1. These remarks have been prepared with a view of point- ing out the pertinent features of the various requirements and the precautions to be observed in the interpretation of the results of the tests. 2. The Committee would suggest that the acceptance or rejection under these specifications be based on tests made by an experienced person having the proper means for making the tests. Specific Gravity. 3. Specific gravity is useful in detecting adulteration or under-burning. The results of tests of specific gravity are not necessarily conclusive as an indication of the quality of a cement, but when in combination with the results of other tests may afford valuable indications. Fineness. 4. The sieves should be kept thoroughly dry. Time of Setting. 5. Great care should be exercised to maintain the test pieces under as uniform conditions as possible. A sudden change or wide range of temperature in the room in which tests are made, a very dry or humid atmosphere, and other irregularities vitally affect the rate of setting. 181982 Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement Tensile Strength. 6. Each consumer must fix the minimum requirements for tensile strength to suit his own conditions. They shall, how- ever, be within the limits stated. Constancy of Volume. 7. The tests for constancy of volume are divided into two classes, the first normal, the second accelerated. The latter should be regarded as a precautionary test only, and not infal- lible. So many conditions enter into the making and inter- preting of it that it should be used with extreme care. 8. In making the pats the greatest care should be exercised to avoid initial strains due to molding or to too rapid drying-out during the first twenty-four hours. The pats should be pre- served under the most uniform conditions possible, and rapid changes of temperature should be avoided. 9. The failure to meet the requirements of the accelerated tests need not be sufficient cause for rejection. The cement may, however, be held for twenty-eight days, and a retest made at the end of that period. Failure to meet the require- ments at this time should be considered sufficient cause for rejection, although in the present state of our knowledge it cannot be said that such failure necessarily indicates unsound- ness, nor can the cement be considered entirely satisfactory simply because it passes the tests. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement Standard Specifications for Cement. GENERAL CONDITIONS. 1. All cement shall be inspected. 2. Cement may be inspected either at the place of manu- facture or on the work. 3. In order to allow ample time for inspecting and testing, the cement should be stored in a suitable weather-tight build- ing having the floor properly blocked or raised from the ground. 4. The cement shall be stored in such a manner as to per- mit easy access for proper inspection and identification of each shipment. 5. Every facility shall be provided by the Contractor and a period of at least twelve days allowed for the inspection and necessary tests. 6. Cement shall be delivered in suitable packages with the brand and name of manufacturer plainly marked thereon. 7. A bag of cement shall contain 94 pounds of cement net. Each barrel of Portland cement shall contain 4 bags, and each barrel of natural cement shall contain 3 bags of the above net weight. 8. Cement failing to meet the seven-day requirements may be held awaiting the results of the twenty-eight day tests before rejection. 9. All tests shall be made in accordance with the methods proposed by the Committee on Uniform Tests of Cement of the American Society of Civil Engineers, presented to the Society January 21, 1903, and amended January 20, 1904, with all sub- sequent amendments thereto. (See addendum to these speci- fications.) 10. The acceptance or rejection shall be based on the fol- lowing requirements : NATURAL CEMENT. 11. Definition. This term shall be applied to the finely pul- verized product resulting from the calcination of an argilla- ceous limestone at a temperature only sufficient to drive off the carbonic acid gas. 5 Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement Specific Gravity. 12. The specific gravity of the cement thoroughly dried at 100 C, shall be not less than 2.8. Fineness. 13. It shall leave by weight a residue of not more than 10% on the No. 100, and 30% on the No. 200 sieve. Time of Setting. 14. It shall develop initial set in not less than ten minutes, and hard set in not less than thirty minutes, nor more than three hours. Tensile Strength. 15. The minimum requirements for tensile strength for briquettes one inch square in cross section shall be within the following limits, and shall show no retrogression in strength within the periods specified:* Age. Neat Cement. Strength. 24 hours in moist air 50-100 Ibs. 7 days ( 1 day in moist air, 6 days in water) . . . 100-200 " 28 days (1 " " "27 " " ).... 200-300 " One Part Cement, Three Parts Standard Sand. 7 days (1 day in moist air, 6 days in water) 25-75 " 28 days (1 " " " 27 " " ).... 75-150 ] Constancy of Volume. 16. Pats of neat cement about three inches in diameter, one-half inch thick at centre, tapering to a thin edge, shall be kept in moist air for a period of twenty-four hours. (a) A pat is then kept in air at normal temperature. (V) Another is kept in water maintained as near 70 F. as practicable. *For example the minimum requirement for the twenty-four hour neat cement test should be some value within the limits of 50 and 100 pounds, and so on for each period stated. 6 Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement 17. These pats are observed at intervals for at least 28 days, and, to satisfactorily pass the tests, should remain firm and hard and show no signs of distortion, checking, cracking or disintegrating. PORTLAND CEMENT. 18. Definition. This term is applied to the finely pulver- ized product resulting from the calcination to incipient fusion of an intimate mixture of properly proportioned argillaceous and calcareous materials, and to which no addition greater than 3% has been made subsequent to calcination. Specific Gravity. 19. The specific gravity of the cement, thoroughly dried at 100 C, shall be not less than 3.10. Fineness. 20. It shall leave by weight a residue of not more than 8% on the No. 100, and not more than 25% on the No. 200 sieve. Time of Setting. 21. It shall develop initial set in not less than thirty min- utes, but must develop hard set in not less than one hour, nor more than ten hours. Tensile Strength. 22. The minimum requirements for tensile strength for briquettes one inch square in section shall be within the follow- ing limits, and shall show no retrogression in strength within the periods specified:* Age. Neat Cement. Strength. 24 hours in moist air 150-200 Ibs. 7 days (1 day in moist air, 6 days in water) . . . .450-550 28 days (1 " " "27 " " ).... 550-650 " *For example the minimum requirement for the twenty-four hour neat cement test should be some value within the limits of 150 and 200 pounds and so on for each period stated. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement One Part Cement, Three Parts Sand. 7 days (1 day in moist air, 6 days in water) .... 150-200 Ibs. 28 days (1 " " "27 " " ).... 200-300 " Constancy of Volume. 23. Pats of neat cement about three inches in diameter, one-half inch thick at the centre, and tapering to a thin edge, shall be kept in moist air for a period of twenty-four hours. (a) A pat is then kept in air at normal temperature and observed at intervals for at least 28 days. (b) Another pat is kept in water maintained as near 70 F. as practicable, and observed at intervals for at least 28 days. (c) A third pat is exposed in any convenient way in an atmosphere of steam, above boiling water, in a loosely closed vessel for five hours. 24. These pats, to satisfactorily pass the requirements, shall remain firm and hard and show no signs of distortion, check- ing, cracking or disintegrating. Sulphuric Acid and Magnesia. 25. The cement shall not contain more than 1.75% of anhydrous sulphuric acid (SO 8 ), nor more than 4% of mag- nesia (MgO). Submitted on behalf of the committee. GEORGE F. SWAIN, Chairman. GEORGE S. WEBSTER, Vice-Chairman. RICHARD L. HUMPHREY, Secretary. F. H. Bainbridge. Andreas Lundteigen. Booth, Garrett & Blair. Charles F. McKenna. C. W. Boynton. W. W. Maclay. Spencer Cosby. Charles A. Matcham. A. W. Dow. Spencer B. Newberry. L. Henry Dumary. J. M. Porter. A. F. Gerstell. Joseph T. Richards. Edward M. Hagar. Clifford Richardson. W. H. Harding. L. C. Sabin. Olaf Hoff. Harry J. Seaman. Lathbury and Spackman. S. S. Voorhees. Robert W. Lesley. W. S. Fames. F. H. Lewis. H. G. Kelly. John B. Lober. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement ADDENDUM. ABSTRACT OF METHODS RECOMMENDED BY THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM TESTS OF CEMENT OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. Sampling. 1. Selection of Sample. The sample shall be a fair average of the contents of the package; it is recommended that, where conditions permit, one barrel in every ten be sampled. 2. All samples should be passed through a sieve having twenty meshes per linear inch, in order to break up lumps and remove foreign material ; this is also a very effective method for mixing them together in order to obtain an average. For determining the characteristics of a shipment of cement, the individual samples may be mixed and the average tested; where time will permit, however, it is recommended that they be tested separately. 3. Method of Sampling. Cement in barrels should be sampled through a hole made in the center of one of the staves, midway between the heads, or in the head, by means of an auger or a sampling iron similar to that used by sugar inspectors. If in bags, it should be taken from surface to center. Chemical Analysis. 4. Method. As a method to be followed for the analysis of cement, that proposed by the Committee on Uniformity in the Analysis of Mate- rials for the Portland Cement Industry, of New York Section of the Society for Chemical Industry, and published in the Journal of the Society for January 15, 1902, is recommended. Specific Gravity. 5. Apparatus and Method. The determination of specific gravity is most conveniently made with Le Chatelier's apparatus. This consists of a flask (D), Fig. 1, of 120 cu. cm. (7.32 cu. ins.) capacity; the neck of which is about 20 cm. (7.87 ins.) long; in the middle of this neck is a bulb (C), above and below which are two marks (F) and () ; the volume between these marks is 20 cu. cm. (1.22 cu. ins.). The neck has a diameter of about 9 mm. (o.35 in.), and is graduated into tenths of cubic centi- meters above the mark (F). 6 Benzine (62 Baume naphtha), or kerosene free from water, should be used in making the determination. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement LE CHATELIER'S SPECIFIC GRAVITY APPARATUS. FIG. 1. 7. The specific gravity can be determined in two ways: (1) The flask is filled with either of these liquids to the lower mark (), and 64 gr. (2.25 oz.) of powder, previously dried at 100 C. (212 F.) and cooled to the temperature of the liquid, is gradually introduced through the funnel (B) [the stem of which extends into the flask to the top of the bulb (C)], until the upper mark (F) is reached. The difference in weight between the cement remaining and the original quantity (64 gr.) is the weight which has displaced 20 cu. cm. 8. (2) The whole quantity of the powder is introduced, and the level of the liquid rises to some division of the graduated neck. This reading plus 20 cu. cm. is the volume displaced by 64 gr. of the powder. 9. The specific gravity is then obtained from the formula : Weight of Cement Specific Gravity = Displaced Volume. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement 10. The flask, during the operation, is kept immersed in water in a jar (A), in order to avoid variations in the temperature of the liquid. The results should agree within 0.01. 11. A convenient method for cleaning the apparatus is as follows: The flask is inverted over a large vessel, preferably a glass jar, and shaken vertically until the liquid starts to flow freely; it is then held still in a vertical position until empty; the remaining traces of cement can be removed in a similar manner by pouring into the flask a small quantity of clean liquid and repeating the operation. Fineness. 12. Apparatus. The sieves should be circular about 20 cm. (7.87 ins.) in diameter, 6 cm. (2.36 ins.) high, and provided with a pan 5 cm. (1.97 ins.) deep, and a cover. 13. The wire cloth should be woven (not twilled) from brass wire having the following diameters : No. 100, 0.0045 in.; No. 200, 0.0024 in. 14. This cloth should be mounted on the frames without distortion; the mesh should be regular in spacing and be within the following limits : No. 100, 96 to 100 meshes to the linear inch. No. 200, 188 to 200 " " " 15. Fifty gram. (1.76 oz.) or 100 gr. (3.52 oz.) should be used for the test, and dried at a temperature of 100 C. (212 F.) prior to sieving. 16. Method. The thoroughly dried and coarsely screened sample is weighed and placed on the No. 200 sieve, which, with pan and cover attached, is held in one hand in a slightly inclined position, and moved forward and backward, at the same time striking the side gently with the palm of the other hand, at the rate of about 200 strokes per minute. The operation is continued until not more than one-tenth of 1 per cent passes through after one minute of continuous sieving. The residue is weighed, then placed on the No. 100 sieve and the operation repeated. The work may be expedited by placing in the sieve a small quantity of large shot. The result should be reported to the nearest tenth of 1 per cent. Normal Consistency. 17. Method. This can best be determined by means of Vicat Needle Apparatus, which consists of a frame (K), Fig. 2, bearing a movable rod (L), with the cap (A) at one end, and at the other the cylinder (5), 1 cm. (0.39 in.) in diameter, the cap, rod and cylinder weighing 300 gr. (10.58 oz.). The rod, which can be held in any desired position by a screw (F), carries an indicator, which moves over a scale (graduated to centimeters) attached to the frame (K). The paste is held by a conical, hard-rubber ring (/), 7 cm. (2.76 ins.) in diameter at the base, 4 cm. (1.57 ins.) high resting on a glass plate (/), about 10 cm. (3.94 ins.) square. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement 18. In making the determination, the same quantity of cement as will be subsequently used for each batch in making the briquettes (but not less than 500 grams) is kneaded into a paste, as described in paragraph 39, and quickly formed into a ball with the hands, completing the opera- tion by tossing it six times from one hand to the other, maintained 6 ins. apart; the ball is then pressed into the rubber ring, through the larger opening, smoothed off, and placed (on its large end) on a glass plate and the smaller end smoothed off with a trowel; the paste, confined in the ring, resting on the plate, is placed under the rod bearing the cylinder, which is brought in contact with the surface and quickly released. 19. The paste is of normal consistency when the cylinder penetrates to a point in the mass 10 mm. (0.39 in.) below the top of the ring. Great care must be taken to fill the ring exactly to the top. 20. The trial pastes are made with varying percentages of water until the correct consistency is obtained. VICAT NEEDLE. FIG. 2. Report of Committee on Standard Specifications for Cement Note. The Committee on Standard Specifications inserts the follow- ing table for temporary use to be replaced by one to be devised by the Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Percentage of Water for Standard Mixtures. Nf3342 DEC 01 1994 825-3342 315 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA AT U>S ANGELBS L1BKAKX Universit Southe Libra