ARD'S ENGLISH 
 
 CLASSIC SERIES 
 
 WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES 
 
 THE 
 ACADEMY 
 
 ORTHOEPIST 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 CHARLES E. MERRILL CO.
 
 MAYNARD'S 
 ENGLISH CLASSIC SERIES 
 
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 MAYNARD'S ENGLISH CLASSIC SERIES. No. 45. 
 
 THE 
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST 
 
 A BRIEF MANUAL OF PRONUNCIATION FOB 
 USE IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM. 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 A SPECIAL LIST OP PROPER NAMES OP FREQUENT OCCTJBRENCF 
 IN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART. 
 
 BY J. W. ABERNETHY, PH.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF BNGLISH LITERATURE IN THB ADBLPHI ACADEMY, BROOKLYN 
 
 NEW YORK 
 CHARLES E. MERRILL CO
 
 Copyright. 1884. by CLARK &
 
 PKEFACE. 
 
 THIS little Manual has been prepared in the belief that 
 the pronunciation of any school may be greatly improved 
 by a very small expenditure of time and energy, provided 
 it be wisely directed. It differs from books of its class in 
 several important particulars. 
 
 First, it is not a reference book for the teacher's desk, 
 to be occasionally consulted, but an exercise book to be 
 placed in the hands of each pupil for systematic use until 
 mastered. 
 
 Secondly, it does not contain three thousand words, 
 but a carefully selected list of those words only which 
 give rise to actual errors and difficulties, so limited as to 
 render its thorough mastery not only probable, but with 
 proper attention from the teacher, reasonably certain. 
 
 Thirdly, it aims, by a method of grouping, to associate 
 words allied in pronunciation, thus fixing in a practical 
 manner simple principles of wide application. 
 
 Finally, it aims at securing for those schools into which 
 it may find its way, a uniform pronunciation of many 
 words which have two or more authorized pronunciations. 
 One finds by a brief comparison of standard dictionaries 
 that it is impossible to hold rigidly to any single authority, 
 if he would have his pronunciation conform to the best 
 usage. For example, those who are loyal to so excellent
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 an authority as Worcester must say dark for cleric, devas'* 
 tate for dev'astate, lev-ten' ant for lieu-ten' ant, and sa'tur 
 for sat' ire; and what is the pupil to do who, in searching 
 the dictionaries, comes upon a word like porcelain with 
 five well-established forms of pronunciation ? 
 
 A preferred form for such words is here recommended, 
 which, it is believed, represents the most approved usage 
 at the present time. The decision in each case is based 
 upon an examination of all the best and latest authorities, 
 English and American, including Haldeman's Dictionary, 
 recently published, and the New Imperial Dictionary. 
 These words are distinguished by full-face type, and each 
 spelling printed in this type represents an authorized 
 pronunciation. Where usage is about equally divided, 
 the preference of Webster and of Worcester is indicated 
 in parenthesis ; also when a form rests mainly upon a 
 single authority, the name is added. Brief notes are 
 inserted where further explanation seemed necessary. In 
 all other cases the weight of authority is decidedly in 
 favor of the form selected. 
 
 Since this manual was first published, in 1884, four 
 great dictionaries have appeared Webster's Interna- 
 tional, the Century, the Standard, and the Encyclopaedic 
 Dictionary. Eor this edition the text has been revised 
 with reference to these new works, in order that the 
 book may continue to represent the judgment of the 
 latest authorities and the best usage. 
 
 J. W. A. 
 
 BROOKLYN, January 23, 1895.
 
 POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED. 
 
 Remember not to omit unaccented syllables in such 
 words as history (histry], arithmetic (rithmtic), boisterous 
 (boistrous), interest (intrest), valuable (valubl), victory 
 (victry}. 
 
 Remember not to say unt for ent in such words as 
 government, moment, prudent, monument. 
 
 Remember not to say id for ed in such words as 
 delighted, excited, united. 
 
 Remember not to say in for ing in such words as 
 singing, reading, writing. See page 34. 
 
 Remember not to say iss for ess in such words as 
 goodness, careless, hostess, empress. 
 
 Remember not to say unce for ence in such words 
 as sentence, patience, experience. 
 
 Remember that unaccented a, at the end of a word, 
 has the shortened sound of a in father, as in algebra, 
 Africa, sofa. 
 
 Remember to sound the d, when preceded by n, in 
 such words as stand (sfan), depends (depenz), grand-father 
 (gran-father], handful (hanful) ; also when standing be- 
 tween I and s, in such words as holds, builds, unfolds. 
 
 Remember to distinguish properly between the 
 sound of long u, as in duty, and the sound of u preceded 
 by r, as in rude. See notes, pages 14 and 32. 
 
 Remember the suggestions under gone, page 18, 
 history, page 19, and savage, page 33.
 
 KEY TO PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 5, long as in fate, 
 
 a, short 
 
 6, before r 
 
 a, Italian 
 
 e, long 
 
 e, short 
 
 I, long 
 i, short 
 
 6, long 
 8, short 
 6, broad 
 do, long 
 06, short 
 
 u, long 
 u, &0rt 
 u. 
 
 ow, .... 
 
 g, hard . . . 
 n, like ng . . 
 , like z . . . 
 th, (unmarked) . 
 
 <A, 
 
 x, likegz, . . 
 
 fate, 
 
 ale, 
 
 pain. 
 
 fat, 
 
 Md, 
 
 carry. 
 
 care, 
 
 bear, 
 
 parent 
 
 arm, 
 
 palm, 
 
 father. 
 
 me, 
 
 eve, 
 
 seizure. 
 
 met, 
 
 men, 
 
 ferry. 
 
 her, 
 
 term, 
 
 prefer. 
 
 pine, 
 
 Ice, 
 
 thrive. 
 
 pin, 
 
 ill, 
 
 mirror. 
 
 nOte, 
 
 Old, 
 
 loaf. 
 
 n5t, 
 
 5dd, 
 
 tSrrid. 
 
 far, 
 
 sort, 
 
 order. 
 
 food, 
 
 moon, 
 
 booty. 
 
 foot, 
 
 good, 
 
 wool. 
 
 use, 
 
 tube, 
 
 late. 
 
 us, 
 
 tfib, 
 
 hurry. 
 
 fur, 
 
 urge, 
 
 concur. 
 
 how, 
 
 owl, 
 
 vowel. 
 
 get, 
 
 begin, 
 
 tiger. 
 
 finger, 
 
 link, 
 
 anger. 
 
 hag, 
 
 amue, 
 
 regide. 
 
 thin, 
 
 thank, 
 
 breath. 
 
 then, 
 
 those, 
 
 breatfAe. 
 
 exert, 
 
 exist, 
 
 example. 
 
 NOTE. As it seems desirable to present words for drill in pronunciation 
 encumbered with as few diacritical marks as possible, only the more funda- 
 mental and regular sounds of the vowels are included in the foregoing table. 
 In this Manual, these marks, as a general rule, are placed only on the accented 
 syllables of respelled words. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. The abbreviations used in the folio wing pages 
 are Wb. for Webster's International, Cen. for Century, St. for 
 Standard, Wor. for Worcester, Hal. for Haldeman, Stor. for Stor- 
 month, Imp. for New Imperial, Ency. for Encyclopaedic, Eng. for 
 English, It for Italian, Fr. for French, Ger. for German.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abdomen ab-do'men, not ab'do-men. 
 
 abject ab'jekt, not ab-jekt'. So ab'ject-ly, ab'ject- 
 
 ness. 
 
 ablative ab'la-tiv, not ab'l-tiv. 
 absolutory ab-s61'u-to-rf, not ab-so-lu'to-rf. 
 abstemious ab-ste'ml-us, not ab-stem'i-us. 
 accent, verb ak-sent', not ak'sent. So ac-cent'ed. 
 access ak'ses, not ak-sSs'. 
 
 The second pronunciation is common in poetry. 
 
 accessory ak-sSs'so-ri (Wb.), not ak'ses-so-ri 
 
 (Wor.). 
 acclimate ak-kli'mat, not ak'kli-mat. So ac-cli'- 
 
 ma-tize. 
 
 accost ak-k6st', not ak-kawst'. See cloth, 
 accurate ak'ku-rat, not ak'er-It. See savage. 
 acetic a-seVik, not a-se'tik. " acetic acid." 
 acoustics a-koos'tiks. not a-ko\v'stiks. 
 
 The Cen. and the St. choose the first ; Wb. and Wor., the second. 
 
 across a-kr5s', not a-krawst'. 
 acumen ^a-ku'men, not ak'u-men. 
 adamantean ad-a-man-te'an, not ad-a-man'te-an. 
 address, noun and verb ad-dres', not ad'dres. 
 adept a-dept', not ad'ept. So a-diilt', not ad'ult. 
 
 Haldeman boldly Bays ad'ept, in obedience to general usa^e, but this pronun- 
 ciation is not recognized by the leading orthoSpists. 
 
 adverse ad'vers, not ad- vers'. So ad'verse-ly. 
 advertise Sd'ver-tiz, not ad-ver-tiz'.
 
 6 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 advertisement ad-ver'tlz-ment, not ad-ver-tlz'- 
 ment. 
 
 aesthetics es-theViks, not es-thSt'iks, nor ez- 
 
 thSt'iks, nor es-the'tiks. 
 again a-gen', not a-gan' ; a-genst', not a-ganst'. 
 
 The second forms are antiquated, and permissible only in poetry. 
 
 aged a'jed, not ajd, except in compounds. 
 aggrandizement ag-gran'diz-ment (Wb.), not 
 
 ag'gran-diz-ment (Wor.). 
 albumen al-bii'men, not al'bu-men. 
 alcove al'kov (Wb.), not al-kov' (Wor.). 
 algebra al'je-bra, not al'je-bra. 
 alkaline al'ka-lin, not al'ka-lln. So an'i-Hne. 
 allegro al-le'gro, not al-la'gro, nor al'le-gro. So 
 
 Milton's "L'Alle'gro." 
 ally al-l!', not al'li ; pi., al-liz', not al'liz. 
 almond a'mund, not al'mund. 
 alpine al'pln, not al'pin, nor al'pen. So cis- 
 
 al'plne. 
 
 altercation al-ter-ka'shun, not al-, nor awl-. 
 alternate, verb al'ter-nat, not al-ter'nSt ; noun 
 
 and adj., al-ter'nat, not al'ter-nat, nor awl'-. 
 
 So al-ter'nate-ly, al-ter'na-tive. 
 amateur am-a-tur', not am-a-tur', nor am-a-toor', 
 
 nor am'a-chur. 
 
 amen a'men', not a'men', except in singing. 
 amenable a-me'na-bl, not a-men'a-bl. 
 ancestral an-sgs'tral (Wb.), not an'ses-tral. 
 antepenult an-te-pe-nult' (Cen.), not an-te-pe' 
 
 nult (Wb.). 
 
 anti, in compounds an'tf, not an'tl. 
 antipodes an-tlp'o-dez, not an'ti-podz. 
 apparatus ap-pa-ra'tus, not ap-pa-ra'tus.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 7 
 
 apparent ap-par'ent, not ap-par'ent (Imp.). 
 
 apricot a'pri-kot, not ap'ri-kot. 
 
 aquiline alz'we-lln, not k'we-lln. 
 
 archetype ar'ke-tip, not ar'che-tip. 
 
 archipelago ai-kl-peTa-go, not arch-I-peTa-go. 
 
 arctic ark'tik, not ar'tik. 
 
 area a're-a, not a-re'a. 
 
 armada ar-ma'da, not ar-ma'da. 
 
 aspirant as-plr'ant, not aVpi-rant (Wor.). 
 
 association as-so-shl-a'shun, not as-so-sl-a'shun. 
 
 So annuncia'tion, apprecia'tion, enuncia'- 
 
 tion. See pronunciation. 
 ate at, not St. 
 
 atk,3nseum ath-e-ne'um, not a-the'ne-um. 
 aunt ant, not ant. 
 auxiliary awg-zll'ya-rl, not awg-zll'1-a-rl, nor 
 
 awks-fl'a-ri. 
 avaunt a-vant' (Hal.), not a-vawnt'. See daunt. 
 
 The weight of authority is in favor of the second marking, but usage, 
 euphony, and analogy seem to justify the first. 
 
 ay, or aye, yes T ; aye, always a. 
 azure Szh'ur, not a'zhur (Wor.) 
 
 B 
 
 Bade bad, not bad. 
 
 banquet bang'kwet, not ban'k\vet. See languid, 
 
 basalt ba-sawlt', not ba-zawlt'. 
 
 bass-relief bas're-lef. But bas-relief ba-re-lef. 
 
 bayou bi'oo. 
 
 bedizen be-dlz'n (Wb., Cen., St.), not be-dl'zn. 
 
 been bin, not ben (English), nor ben. 
 
 be-gone be-gSn', not be-gawn'. See gone. 
 
 behalf be-haf, not be-haf'.
 
 b ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 bellows bel'lSz, not beTlus. So gallows. 
 
 The majority has turned In favor of bel'loz; among the new dictionaries, English 
 find American, Webster stands alone for bel'lm. 
 
 beloved, adj. be-luv'ed; part be-luvd'. See 
 
 learned. 
 
 beneath be-neW, not be-neth'. So be-quea^'o 
 benzine ben'zln, not ben-zen'. So ben'zole. 
 bestial best'yal, not best'f al. 
 bifurcate bi-fur'kat, not bi'fur-kat. So bl-fur'- 
 
 cat-ed. 
 
 biography bi-6g'ra-f I, not bl-, nor be-5g'ra-f !. 
 bison bi'sun, not biz'un. 
 bitumen M-tu'men, not bit'u-men. 
 blessed, adj. bles'ed ; part. blest. See learned, 
 blithe bli^, not bllth. 
 
 boisterous bois'ter-us, not bois'trus. See history, 
 bomb bom. So bom-bard', bomb'shell. 
 bombast bdm'bast, not bum'bast. 
 
 This is the choice of Webster, Century, Standard, Encyclopaedic, and Imperial. 
 
 bouquet boo-ka', not boo'ks, n or bo-ka'. 
 
 bourn born, not boorn (Hal.). 
 
 bravado bra-va'do, not bra-va'do. So bra'vo 
 (interj., bra'vo). 
 
 bromide bro'mld, not bro'mid. So chlo'ride, 
 hy'dride, i'o-dide, ox'Ide, and other chem- 
 ical terms ending in ide. 
 
 bromine bro'mln, not bro'min. So chlo'rine, i'o- 
 dlne, nic'o-tine, and other chemical terms 
 ending in ine. 
 
 bronchitis bron-kl'tis, not bron-ke'tis. 
 
 brooch broch, not brooch. 
 
 buoy bwoi, not boi, nor bsol, nor bw6ol. 
 
 burlesque bur-lesk', not burlesk.
 
 ACADEMY OKTHOEPIST. 9 
 
 c. 
 
 Calcine kal-sin', not kSl'sin (Hal.). 
 
 caliph ka'M, not ka-lef , nor ka'lif. 
 
 calyx ka'liks, not kal'iks ; pi., ka'liks-es. 
 
 canine ka-mn', not kan'in (Hal.), nor ka'mn. But 
 feline. 
 
 capitoline kap'i-to-lin, not -to'lm, nor -to-len'. 
 
 capuchin kap-u-shen', not ka-pu'cMn. 
 
 carbonaceous kar-bo-na'shus, not kar-bo-na'se-us. 
 
 caricature kar'i-kat-yur, not kar'i-ka-tur, nor 
 -ka-choor. So car'i-cat-u-rist. See litera- 
 ture. 
 
 carmine kar'mm, not kar'min, nor kar'men. 
 
 cassimere ^kas'si-mer, not kaz'i-mer. 
 
 catch katch, not ketch. 
 
 cayenne ka-en', not ki-en', nor ki'an. 
 
 celibacy sgl'i-ba-si, not se-lib'a-sL 
 
 Webster stands alone for the second marking. 
 
 cement, noun and verb se-mgnt', not sem'ent. 
 
 This is the decision of the latest dictionaries. 
 
 ceramic se-ram'ik, not ke-ram'ik. 
 
 cerement ser'ment, not ser'e-ment. 
 
 certain ser'tin, not sert'n. 
 
 chagrin sha-grln', not sha-gren' (Wor.). 
 
 chamois ah%m%not shain'wa (Imp.),7i0r sha-moi'. 
 
 The first is preferred by Wb., Wor., and St. ; the second, by Cen., and Stor. 
 
 chary char'I, not char'I. 
 chasten chas'sn, not chas'n. 
 chastisement chas'tlz-ment, not chas-tiz'ment. 
 chiaro-oscuro ke-a'ro-os-kdb'ro. 
 chimera ^ki-me'ra. 
 
 chivalric shlv'al-rik, not shi-val'rik (Wor.) So 
 chiv'al-rous.
 
 10 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 
 
 chloride klo'rld. So chlo'rfne. See bromide. 
 Christianity krist-yan'I-tl (Wb.), not kris-ti-an'- 
 
 I-tl (Wor.). 
 chronological krdn-Q-loj'ik-al, not kr6-no-16j'- 
 
 ik-al. 
 
 The first is the marking of all the latest books, English and American. 
 
 civil slv'il, not s!v'l. So pen'cil, nov'el, trav'el, 
 
 hov'el, etc. But evil e'vl, not e'vil. So 
 
 e'v'n, dev"l, ba's'n, etc. 
 civilization slv-il-I-za'shun, not slv-I-liz'a-shun. 
 
 See realization, 
 clangor klang'gor, not klang'or, rhyming with 
 
 anger. 
 
 cleanly, adj. klen'll ; adv. klen'U. 
 clerk klerk, not Mark (Wor.). 
 
 The second pronunciation is almost universal in England, the first in America. 
 
 cloth k!6th, not klawth. So broth, fr6th, wr6th, 
 loft, soft, sc5ff, drSss, glSss, moss, t6ss. 
 
 Avoid the extreme short sound of o in these words. See gone. 
 
 coadjutor ko-ad-ju'tor. But co-ad'ju-tant. 
 coffee k6f 'fe, not kaw'fe. 
 
 cognizance kbg'nl-zance, not k5n'3C-zance. So 
 c6g'nl-zant, c5g'nJ-za-ble, re-c6g'nl-zance. 
 
 The second pronunciation is common among lawyers ; the first is preferred 
 by all leading authorities. 
 
 cognomen kog-no'men, not kog'no-men. 
 column kSl'um, not kol'yoom, nor kol'yum. 
 combat, noun and verb kdm'bat (Wb.), not 
 
 kuin'bat (Wor.) So com 'bat-ant, cSm'bat- 
 
 ive-ness, non-com'bat-ant. 
 comely kum'li, not komli So come'li-ness. 
 commandant kom-man-dant', not kom-man'dant. 
 compensate kom-pen'sat, not kom'pen-sat. So 
 
 con-cen'trate, con-tem'plate, con-fis'cate, de-
 
 ACADEMY OKTHOEPIST. 11 
 
 mon'strate, ex-pur'gate, ex-tir'pate. But 
 con'sum-mate. 
 
 Webster is the only orthoe'pist of importance who prefers to accent the first 
 syllable of these words. It seems desirable to except consummate to distinguish 
 it from the adjective. 
 
 complaisance kom'pla-zance'. So com'plai-gant'. 
 comrade kdm'racl, not ko'm'rad, nor kum'rad. 
 
 The first pronunciation is preferred by Webster, Century, and Standard ; the 
 second, by Worcester, Stormonth, and Imperial. 
 
 concave kSng'kav, not kon'kav. So con'cord, 
 con'course, con'gress, con'quest. 
 
 concentrate kon-sgn'trat. See compensate. 
 
 condemning kon-dem'ning, not kon-dem'ing. So 
 con-dem'ner. 
 
 condolence kon-dd'lence, not kon'do-lence. 
 
 conduit kdn'dit, not kun'dit. 
 
 confidant kon-f i-dant', not kon'f I-dant. 
 
 " A greater mark of rusticity cannot be given than to place the accent on thf 
 first syllable, and to pronounce the last dent instead of dant. '- Walker. 
 
 confiscate kon-f Is'kat. See compensate. 
 
 conjure, to adjure kon-jur' ; to practice magic 
 kun'jur. 
 
 connoisseur kon-nis-sur', not -sur'. 
 
 conscientious kon-shi-gn'shus, not kon-sl-en'- 
 shus. See pronunciation. 
 
 conservator kon'ser-va'tor. 
 
 construe kSn'strob, not kon-strob', nor kon'stur. 
 
 consummate, verb kdn'sum-mat. See compen- 
 sate. 
 
 contents kSn'tents, not kon-tgnts'. 
 
 The first marking Is that of Webster, Century, Standard, Imperial, Hal- 
 Uetnan, and the Encyclopaedic; the second is antiquated, and supported only 
 by Worcester and Stormonth. 
 
 contour kon-toor', not ktfn'tSor (Hal.), 
 conversant k6n'ver-sant, not kon-ver'sant.
 
 12 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 converse, noun and adj. kon'vers. So conVerse-ly* 
 convex kon'veks, not kon-veks'. So con'vex-ly. 
 coquetry ko'ket-ri(Cen., St. ),?i0ko-kSt'ri(Wb.). 
 cordial kcrd'yal (Wor.), not kdr'di-al (Imp.). So 
 
 cord-ial'i-ty. 
 
 coronal kor'o-nal (Wb., Cen., St.), not ko-ro'nal. 
 cost ko'st, not kawst. So frSst, 16st, tSst. See 
 
 cloth. 
 
 costume kos'tum, not kos-tum'. So cos'tum-er. 
 cotyledon kSt-i-le'don, not kbt-USd'un (Hal.). 
 
 But cot-jMed'o-nous. 
 courier kob'rf-er, not kur'rl-er. 
 courteous ktirt'e-us, not kurt'yus, nor kSrt'yus. 
 courtier kort'yor, not kor'tl-er. 
 covetous kiiv'et-us, not kuv'e-chus. 
 curator ku-ra'tor, not ku'ra-tor. 
 cyclopean si-klo-pe'an, not si-klo'pe-an (Hal.), 
 cynosure sfno-shur, not sin'o-shur. 
 
 All the best authorities are agreed upon sl'no-shwr. Haldeman alone prefers 
 strio-shur, and Webster and the Century give it second place, 
 
 D. 
 
 Dado da'do, not da'do. 
 
 dahlia dal'ya, not dal'ya, nor da'll-a. 
 
 damage dam'aj, not dam'ij. See savage. 
 
 data da'ta, not da/ta. So da'tum. 
 
 daunt dant, not dawnt. So flaunt, gaunt, haunt, 
 
 jaunt, taunt, vaunt. 
 
 decorative dek'o-ra-tiv, not de-kor'a-tiv. 
 decorous de-ko'rus, not dSk'o-rus. So in-de- 
 
 co'rus. 
 
 " A learned ear would be as much shocked at such a departure [dSk'] from 
 classical propriety as in the words sono'rous and catu/rous." Walker.
 
 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 13 
 
 defalcation dgf-al-ka'shun (Wor.), not de-ial-k'- 
 
 shun (Wb.). 
 defile, noun de-f 11', not de'f il. 
 
 There is slight authority for the second pronunciation. 
 
 demonstrate de-mon'strat, not dgm'on-strat. 
 
 See compensate. 
 depot de'po, not de-po', nor da-po', nor dep'o. 
 
 Usage, in this country, has made this word de'po, in spite of the dictionaries ; 
 two of the new ones, Webster and the Standard, have adopted this form. The 
 th^d fm<1 fourth forms are little better than affectations. 
 
 deprivation dep-rf-va'shiin, not de-prf-va'. 
 
 desperado dSs-pe-ra'do, not des-pe-rS'dd. 
 
 detail, noun de'tal, not de-taT ; verb de-tal'. 
 See perfect. 
 
 detestation ddt-es ta'shun, not de-tes-ta'shun. 
 
 devastate dev'as-tat, not de-vSs'tat (Wor.). 
 
 dialogue di'a-16g, not di'a-lawg. So ep'i-logue. 
 
 diamond di'a-mund, not di'mund. 
 
 dilate dl-lat', not dl-l3t', nor di'lat. 
 
 diphtheria dif-the'rl-a, not dip-the'ri-a (Hal.). 
 
 diphthong dif 'thong, not dlp'thong. So triph- 
 thong. 
 
 The first is sustained by Webster, New Imperial, and Cull ; the second by 
 Worcester, Smart, and Haldcman. 
 
 diplomatic dlp-lo-mat'ik, not di-plo. So dl-plo'- 
 
 ma-cy, dl-plo'ma-tist. 
 disaster diz-as'ter, not dis-as'ter. 
 discard dis-kard', not dls'kard. 
 discount, verb dis-kount', not dis'kount (Wb.). 
 discrepancy dis-krgp'an-si, not dls'kre-pSn-sI 
 
 (Wor^. 
 
 disdain dis-dan', not diz-dan'. 
 dishabille dis-a-bfl', not dis-a-bel'. 
 disputable- dJs'pu-ta-b! 5 not dis-pu'ta-WL
 
 14 ACADEMY OETHOEPIST. 
 
 disputant dls'pu-tant, not dis-pu'tant. 
 
 disticli dls'tik, not dls'tich. 
 
 divan dl-van', not di'van. 
 
 divers, several, sundry di'verz, not di'verse. 
 
 diverse, different di'verse, not dl-verse'. So d!'-= 
 
 verse-ly. 
 
 docile dos'il, not do'sil, nor do'sil. 
 dog dog, not dawg. So bog, hog, 16g. See gone, 
 dolorous dol'o-rus, not do'lo-rus (Hal.), 
 doth duth, not doth. So dost diist. 
 drama dra'ma, not dram'a, nor dra'ma. 
 
 Worcester stands alone for dra'ma. 
 
 draught draft, not drawt. 
 dromedary drum'e-da-rf, not drSm-. 
 drought drowt, not drowth. 
 duty d'I'tl, not doo'ti. So duke, blue, nude, in- 
 stitute, etc. See rule. 
 
 " When long u is preceded, in the same syllable, by any one of the consonants 
 d, t, I, n, s, and th, it is peculiarly difficult to introduce the sound of y ; and 
 hence negligent speakers omit it entirely, pronouncing duty, dooty ; tune, toon ; 
 lute, loot : nuisance, noosance, suit, soot, etc." Webster. 
 
 dynamite dl'na-mlt, not dln'a-mlt. 
 
 dynasty di'nas-ti, not din'as-tl 
 
 dyspepsia, dyspepsy dis-pep'sl-a, dis-pep'sl. 
 
 E. 
 
 Economic e-ko-nb'm'ik, not eTc-o-nSin'ik. So 
 
 e-co-noxn'ic-al. 
 
 The first is the marking of Web., Cen., Imp., Ency., Hal., Cull, and others; 
 the second, of Wor., St., Stor., Smart, and Walker. 
 
 effort Effort, not gf'furt. 
 
 egotism e'go-tizm, not Sg'o-tizm. So e'go-tist. 
 
 sw Imperial gives eg'n-tist, ego-twin, and e'go-igt, e' go-ism.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 15 
 
 either e'^er, not i'ther. So nei'ther. 
 
 " For the pronunciation Wtfier and ni'ther there is no authority, either of 
 analogy or of the best speakers. It is an affectation, and in this country, a 
 copy of a second-rate British affectation." B. G. White. 
 
 eleemosynary el-e-mos'I-na-rf, not el-e-mo/-. 
 elegiac e-le'jl-ak, not el-e-ji'ak (Wor.). 
 eleven e-lev'n, not levn. 
 
 elysian e-lizh'I-an, not e-liz'i-an. So E-lys'i-um. 
 emendation em-en-da'shun, not e-men-. 
 empyrean em-pi-re'an, not em-pir'e-an. So 
 
 Ep-i-cu-re'an, Eu-ro-pe'an. 
 
 encyclopedic en-si-klo-pe'dik, not -pSd'ik (Wb.). 
 enervate e-ner'vat, not en'er-vat. 
 enigmatic e-nig-mat'ik, not en-ig-mat'ik. 
 ennui (Fr.) 6n'we r . 
 envelope Sn've-lop, not ong've-lop. Or envelop 
 
 en-v61'up. 
 
 epoch ep'tfk, not e'pdk (Imp.). 
 equable e'kwa-bl, not Sk'wa-bl (Smart), 
 equation e-kwa'shun, not -zhun. 
 equipage ek'wi-page, not e-kwtp'ej. 
 evangelical 6v-an-j61'J-kal, not e-van-jel'i-kal. 
 
 Euphony, good usage, and good dictionary authority justify the first mark- 
 ing, despite Webster and Worcester. 
 
 evening e'vn-ing, not ev'ning, nor ev'nin. 
 
 every ev'er-I, not ev'rf. 
 
 exact egz-akt', not eks-akt'. So e?-alt', e?-am r ine f 
 e$-am'ple, e^-empt', e?-ert', e?-ist r , ej-ult'. 
 
 excise eks-siz', not eks'siz. So ex-cige r man. 
 
 exemplary ggz'em-pla-rl, not egz-gm'pla-rl 
 (Hal.). 
 
 exhaust egz-awst'. So exhibit, e^hirarate, ex- 
 hort'. 
 
 exile, noun Sks'il, not ggz'il (Hal.), nor egz-Il'.
 
 16 ACADEMY OHTHOEPIST. 
 
 exile, verb Sks'll (Wb.), not egz-lT (Wor.), nor 
 egz'U (Hal.). 
 
 The New Imperial says " ig&V, fonnerly egz-W." 
 
 exorcise eks'or-siz, not eks-or'siz. 
 
 expert, noun eks-pert', not Sks'pert (Wb.) ; adj. 
 
 eks-pert'. 
 
 exploit eks-ploit', not eks'ploit. 
 exponent eks-po'nent, not eks'po-nent. 
 expurgate eks-pur'gat. See compensate, 
 exquisite eks'kwl-zit, not eks-kwf zit. 
 extant eks'tant, not eks-tant'. 
 extirpate eks-ter'pat. See compensate, 
 extol eks-t61' r not eks-tol'. 
 extraordinary eks-tror'di-na-rf, not eks-tra-6r'. 
 
 dl-na-rl (Imp.). 
 
 exuberant egz-yulber-ant, not eks-yu'-. 
 eyry a'ri, not e'rf, nor I'rX, nor airl. 
 
 P. 
 
 Fa9ade ^fa-sad', not fa-sad'. 
 
 facial fa'shal, not fa'sl-al. 
 
 falchion fawl'chun, not fawl'shun. 
 
 falcon ^fawTin. So faTcon-er, farcon-ry. 
 
 faucet faw'set, not fas'et. 
 
 fertilization fer-tl-ll-za'shun. See realization. 
 
 fidelity fl-deri-tt, not f I-deTI-tl 
 
 fief fef ; feoflf fef. 
 
 figure f Ig'yur, not f Ig'ur. 
 
 finale f I na/le, not f I-nal', nor f I-naT. 
 
 finance fl-nance', not f fnance. So f I-nan'ces, f I- 
 
 nan'cial. 
 financier f In-an-ser', not f I-nan-ser'.
 
 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 1 
 
 fiord, fiord fe-ord'. 
 
 flaccid flak'sid, not flas'id. 
 
 flaunt flant, not flawnt. See daunt 
 
 folio fo'li-o, nol foTyo. 
 
 forehead foVed, not forTied. 
 
 forge for), not forj. So foYger, for'ger-y. 
 
 fortnight fort'nit, not fort'nit. 
 
 franchise fran'cMz, not -chiz. So en-fran'chlse. 
 
 fraternize fra'ter-niz (Wb.), not fra-te"r'niz 
 
 (Wor.), nor frSt'er-niz (Hal.), 
 fratricide frat'rf-sid, not fra'trl-sid. 
 frequent, fieri) fre-kwent', not fre'kwent. 
 frontier fron'ter, not frun'ter, nor fron-ter'. 
 futile fu'tfl, not fu'til. So agile, fertile, hos'tfle, 
 
 ser'vlle. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gallant, polite gal-lant' ; brave gal'lant. 
 gallows gaTloz, not gal'lus. See bellows, 
 gaseous gaVe-us, not gz'e-us, nor ga'ze-us. 
 gaunt gant, not gavirnt. So gauntlet. See daunt, 
 genealogy jSn-e-al'o-ji, not je-ne-al'o-jL 
 generally j en'er-al-11, not j en'rul-11. 
 genius jen'yus, not je'nl-us ; pi. jen'yus-ez. But 
 
 genius, a spirit je'nl-us ; pi. je'nl-i. 
 geography je-6g r ra-f I, not j6g'ra-fl. So ge-Sm'- 
 
 e-try, not j5m'e-trf. 
 gerund jer'und, not je'rund. 
 geyser gi'ser, not gi'zer, nor ge'ser. 
 giaour -jowr. 
 
 glacial gla'shJ-al, not gla'shal (Wb.). 
 glacier glas'r-er (St)., not gla'sher (Wb.), nor 
 
 gl&'shl-er (Imp.), nor gla'ser. 
 
 The best usage and authority are decidedly in favor of gl&ft-er.
 
 18 ACADEMY OKTHOEPIST. 
 
 gladiolus gla-di'o-lus, not gla-dl-6'lus. But glad'- 
 
 I-ole. 
 god god, not gawd. 
 
 "Assumes the god, 
 
 Affects the nod, 
 And seems to shake the spheres." 
 
 Alexander's Feast. 
 
 gondola gon'do-la, not gon-do'la. 
 gone gon, not gawn. So beg6ne, long, prong, 
 s6ng, strong, throng, wr6ng. 
 
 The sound of o in these words is neither so short as in not, nor so long as 
 In nought. 
 
 " To give the extreme short sound to such words is affectation ; to give them 
 the full sound of broad a is vulgar." Webster. 
 
 gospel gos'pel, not gaws'pel. 
 
 government guv'ern-ment, not guv'er-munt. So 
 
 parliament, pru'dent, superintendent, etc. 
 granary gran'a-ri, not gra'na-rf. 
 gratis gra'tis, not grat'is, nor gra'tis. 
 grease, noun gres ; verb grez. So greas/y. 
 grimace gri-mace', not grim'ace. 
 guardian gard'i-an, not gar'jan, nor gar-den', 
 guillotine gfl'lo-ten ; verb, gil-lo-ten'. 
 
 H. 
 
 Half haf, not haf. So behalf, calf, laugh, 
 handkerchief hang'ker-chlf, not hand'ker-chef, 
 harass har'as, not ha-ras'. 
 haunt hant, not hawnt. See daunt, 
 hearth harth, not herth, except in poetry. 
 heather he^A'er, not heth'er (Wor.). 
 hegira he-ji'ra, not hej'I-ra (Imp.), 
 height hit, not hltth. 
 , heinous ha'nus, not han'yus, 
 heraldic he-raPdik.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPISfi.. 19 
 
 herb erb, not herb. So herbage. 
 
 The Cen., Wb., and Wor. prefer erb; the St., Stor., and Imp., herb. 
 
 herbaceous her-ba'shus, not her-ba'se-us. 
 
 hiccough hik'up, not hik'kof. 
 
 history his'to-ri, not his'tri. See savage. 
 
 " How large is the number of those who make the distinction between the 
 and the o in mystery and history? And yet in that and in like distinction lie the 
 beauty and the elegance of cultivated speech. The slovenly speaker ' lumps ' 
 almost all such vowels into the obscure sound of u, saying mystur-y, histur-y, 
 even if he does not go further and say mystry, histry."B. Q. White. 
 
 homage hom'aj, not 6m'aj. 
 
 homoeopathy ho-me-5p'a-thl, not ho'me-o-path-I. 
 
 So al-16p'a-thy, hy-drop'a-thy. 
 horizon ho-ri'zun, not h5r'I-zn. 
 host'ess host'es, not host'fe. So em'press, bad'- 
 
 ness, care'less, harmless, etc. See savage. 
 humble hum'bl, not um'bl. 
 
 The first is preferred by Webster, Worcester, Standard, and Century ; the sec. 
 ond by Smart, Cull, Cooley, and others. 
 
 humor yu'mur, not hu'mur. So hu'mor-ist. 
 
 The first is the preference of Worcester, Haldeman, Walker, Smart, and others ; 
 it has second place in Webster, Standard, Century, and Imperial. 
 
 hygiene hi'jl-en, not hi'jen ; h!-jl-en'ik, not 
 
 hi-jl-en'ik. 
 hypochondriac Mp-o-k5n'dri-ak, not hl-po-. So 
 
 hyp-o-chon-drl'a-cal. 
 hypocrisy hl-pSk'rl-sI, not hl-p6k'rf-sl. 
 
 I. 
 
 Idea i-de'a, not I-dear', nor I'de-a ; I-de'al, not 
 
 I-deT. 
 
 idyl I'dil, not Id'il. 
 illustrate il-lus'trat, not fl'lus-trat. So il-lus'- 
 
 tra-ted, il-lus'tra-tive. 
 imagery im'aj-rl (Wb.), not im'a-jer-I (Wor.).
 
 20 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 imbecile Im'be-sn (Wb.), not im-bes'il (Wor.), 
 
 nor im-be-sel'. 
 
 improvise im-pro-viz', not im-pro-vez' (Wor.). 
 incomparable in-kom'pa-ra-bl, not in-kom-par'-. 
 increase, noun in'kres, not in-kres'. See perfect. 
 indecorous in-de-ko'rus. See decorous, 
 indicatory In'dl-ka-to-rf, not in-dlk'a-to-rf. But 
 
 in-dlc'a-tive. 
 
 indisputable in-dls'pu-ta-bl, not in-dis-pu'ta-bl. 
 inertia in-er'she-a, not in-er'sha. 
 inexorable in-eks'o-ra-bl, not in-eks-6"ra-bl. 
 inexplicable in-eks'pll-ka-bl, not in-eks-pllk'a-bl. 
 infantile Jn'fan-tfl, not in'fan-til. So In'fan-tlne. 
 
 See juvenile. 
 
 The Century and the Standard prefer iri/an-ttt, which has the support of analogy 
 and the beat usage. Webster, Stormonth, and the Imperial hold to the old in' fan-til. 
 
 innate in-nat', not In'nat (Wb.). 
 
 inquiry in-kwi'rf, not In'kwi-ri. So en-qui'ry. 
 
 integral In'te-gral, not in-te'gral. 
 
 interest In'ter-est, not in'trest. 
 
 interested In'ter-est-ed, not in-ter-est'ed. So In'- 
 
 ter-est-ing. 
 interstice In'ter-stfe (St. and Cen.), not in- 
 
 ter'stls. (Wb.). 
 
 intrigue, noun and verb in-treg', not In'treg. 
 iodide i'o-dld. So 1'o-dine. See bromide, 
 irrefragable ir-ref'ra-ga-bl. So ir-ref'u-ta-ble, 
 
 ir-iep'a-ra-ble, ir-rev'o-ca-ble. 
 
 There IB ample authority for saying ir-re-fut'a-bl, if that form better pleases 
 one's ear. 
 
 irremediable ir-re-me'dl-a-bl. 
 
 isolate is'o-lat (Cen., St.), not l'so-lat (Wb.), nor 
 
 Iz'o-lat (Wor.). So is-o-la'tion. 
 italic I-tfil'ik, not, i-tai'ik.
 
 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 21 
 
 J. 
 
 Jaunt jant, not jawnt. See daunt. 
 
 javelin jav'lin, not jav'e-lin. 
 
 jocose jo-kos', not jo'kos. 
 
 jocund jok'und, not jo'kund. 
 
 joust just, 7i0jowst. 
 
 judgment juj'ment, not -munt. 
 
 jugular ju'gu-lar, not jug'u-lar. 
 
 juvenile ju've-nfl, not ju've-ml. So in'fan-tfle, 
 im'be-clle, mer'can-tfle, pu'er-Ile, rep'tlle, 
 mar'i-ttme, mas'cu-llne, lib'er-tfne. 
 
 The New Imperial holds to the antiquated pronunciation He and \ne for nearly 
 all the words of this class. 
 
 L. 
 
 Label la'bel, not la/bl. So li'bel, trav'el, can'cel, 
 
 mod'el, mor'sel, nov'el, nick'el, pan'el, reb'el, 
 
 se'quel, etc. 
 
 laboratory lab'o-ra-to-rf, not lab'ra-to-rf. 
 lamentable lam'en-ta-bl, not la-ment'a-bl. 
 languid lang'gwid. not lan'gwid. So lan'guor, 
 
 ban'quet, san'gulne, tran'quil, van'quish. 
 laugh laf, not\M. 
 launch Blanch, not lawnch. So craunch, haunch, 
 
 staunch. 
 
 laundry lan'drl, not lawn'dri. So laun'dress. 
 lava la'va, not la'va. 
 
 All of the latest authorities agree upon la'va ; the second form is thoroughly 
 antiquated. 
 
 learned, adj. lern'ed, not lernd So a'ged, 
 bless'ed, be-lov'ed, curs'ed, peak'ed, wing'ed. 
 
 The is generally omitted in compounds, as full Sg'd, sheath-i0ing''d, two- 
 legged. " In all cases where it should properly be sounded, its omission is a 
 mark of great vulgarity." Webster. 
 
 When such words are used as participles, the e is not sounded. In noetry ed 
 IB of"" 1 made a distinct syllable for the sake of the meter.
 
 22 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 legend lej'end, not le'jend. 
 
 legislature lej'is-lat-yur, not lej-is-lat'yur, not 
 
 le-jlsla-tur. So leg'is-la-ttve. 
 leisure le'zhur, not lezh'ur. 
 lenient le'ni-ent, not len'I-ent. 
 lethargic le-thar'jik, not leth'ar-jik. 
 levee, reception le-ve'; embankment lev'e. 
 
 The tendency (supported by Cen. and St.) is toward le-ve' in both senses. 
 
 lever le'ver, not lev'er. But lev'er-age. 
 lichen li'ken, not lich'en. 
 
 " The pronunciation li'ken appears to be supported by the best usage among 
 American botanists." Worcester. 
 
 lief lef, not liv. " just as lief." 
 
 lieutenant lu-ten'ant (Wlb.), not lev- (Wor.), nor 
 
 Igf-. 
 literature ^lit'er-at-yur, not Ht'er-a-tur, nor llt'- 
 
 er-a-choor. So ap'ert-ure, car'i-cat-ure, min'- 
 
 i-at-ure, tem'per-at-ure, pre'fect-ure, fur'- 
 
 nit-ure. 
 
 There is much diversity among the orthopists as to the manner of indicating 
 the proper pronunciation of the last syllable of words of this class. Webster 
 writes fur'ni-tftre, pre'fect-Hre ; Haldeman re-writes these fur'ni-(yur, pre'fek- 
 tilr. All agree that the sound of u here is equivalent to yu. Compare succes- 
 sively the words ad-vent' 'ure, leg'is-lat-ure, fur'nit-ure t lit'er-at-ure, in which 
 there is a gradual change of sound, but in quantity only. 
 
 lithe 1T^, not lith. So lithe'some. 
 
 livelong Hv'lSng, not l!v'16ng. 
 
 loath, adj. ^loth, not loth, nor 15th. 
 
 loathe, verb loth. So loath'some. 
 
 low, verolo, not loo. "lowing herd." 
 
 luxuriant liigz-u'ri-ant, not liiks-u'-. So lu?u'- 
 
 riance, lu?u'rious. 
 lyceum li-se'um, not ll'se-um.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 23 
 
 M. 
 
 Maelstrom mal'strum, not mel'strom, nor mal'. 
 maintenance man'ten-ance, not man-tan'ance. 
 majolica ma-jdl'i-ka, not ma-y61'i-ka (Hal.), 
 mall, a public walk mal ; a mallet mawl. 
 maniacal ma-m'a-kal, not ma'nl-ak-al. 
 manor man'or, not ma'nor. So man'or-house. 
 maritime mar'I-tlm, not mar'I-tim. 
 masculine mas'ku-lln, not -lin. So fem'I-nme, 
 
 in'fan-tme, lib'er-tlne. See juvenile, 
 massacring mas'sa-kring, not mas'sa-ker-ing. 
 matron ma'tron, not mat'ron. So ma'tron-ly ; but 
 
 mat'ron-age, mat'ron-al, mat'ron-ize. 
 matutinal ma-tu'ti-nal(St.), not mat-u-ti'-(Wb.). 
 mausoleum maw-so-le'um, not maw-sole-um. 
 mayoralty ^ma'ur-al-ti. 
 mediaeval me-dl-e'val, not med-I-e'val. 
 medicine med'1-sln, not med'sn. 
 memoir mSm'-wor, not me'mwor. 
 menagerie men-aj'e-rl (Cen., St.), not men-a'zh'- 
 
 e-ri (Wb.), nor men-azh'e-rl. 
 mercantile merTcan-tfl, not merlcan-til (Imp.), 
 
 nor -tel. See juvenile. 
 microscope mi'kro-skop, not mlk'ro-skSp. So 
 
 mi-cro-sc6p'ic, mi'cro-sco-pist, mT-crSs'co-py. 
 mineralogy mln-er-al'o-jl, not mln-er-61'o-jl. 
 mirage ml-razh', not me-razh', nor mlr'aj. 
 mischievous mls'che-vus, 'not mis-che'vus. So 
 
 mls'chiev-ous-ness, mls'chiev-ous-ly. 
 misconstrue mis-kon'stroo, not mis-kon-strob'. 
 mistletoe mlz'zl-to, not mls'sl-to. 
 mobile mS'bfl, not mo-bel', nor mdb'fl. 
 mock mSk, not mawk. See gone.
 
 24 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 
 
 monad mSn'ad, not mo'nad. 
 monomania mon-o-ma'nl-a, not 
 
 So mon-o-ma'nl-ac. 
 morphine mdr'f In, not mdr'fen. 
 moss m6s, not maws. See cloth, 
 moth mdth, not mo^ ; pi. m&ths, not mSths. 
 mountain mown'tfn, not mown'tn, nor mown'tan. 
 
 So foun'tain, cer'tain, cur'tain, etc. 
 museum mu-ze'um, not mu'ze-um. 
 mustache mus-tash', not miis'tash. 
 my, when emphatic mi ; unempJiatio ml ; never 
 
 me. 
 
 The second (and most common) sound is that of obscure i in mi-nttte', or very 
 nearly that of y in only. " This sound, however," says Webster, ' should not be 
 given in serious or solemn discourse, nor should the y ever be turned into long e, 
 after the Irish fashion, ' I took down mee hat. 1 " 
 
 mystery mls'ter-I, not mls'try. See history, 
 mythology mT-thol'o-jI, not mi-thSl'o-jI. 
 
 N. 
 
 Naiad na'yad, not na'ad, nor ni'ad. 
 nai've na'ev ; naively na'ev-ll ; naivet^ na/ev-t2. 
 nape nap, Tio^nap. 
 nasal na'zal, not na'sal. 
 national nash'un-al, not na'shun-al. So na-tion- 
 
 al'i-ty. 
 nausea naw'she-a, not naw'se-a ; nauseous naw'- 
 
 shus. 
 
 neither neYAer, not ni'^er. See either. 
 nephew nSf 'jru, not nev'yu (English), 
 nescience nSsh'i-ence, not n&sh'ence. 
 neuralgia nu-ral'jl-a, not nu-ral'1-jl, nor nu-ral'jl 
 nicotine nlk'o-tin, not nlk'o-ten. See bromine.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPI3T. 25 
 
 nomenclature no'men-klst-yur, not no-men- 
 
 klat'yur. 
 
 nominative n6m'l-na-tlv, not n6m'na-tlv. 
 none nun, not non. 
 nothing nuth'ing, not nSth'ing. 
 novel nov'el, not n6v'l. 
 nuisance nu'sance, not nu'I sance, nor noo'-. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oasis 6'a-sis, not o-a'sis ; pi., 6'a-sez. 
 oath 6th, not oth ; pi., oths, not oths. 
 obeisance o-ba'sance, not o-be'sance. So o-bei'- 
 sant. 
 
 Webster is almost alone in preferring o-f>S'sance. 
 
 obligatory Sb'H-ga-to-ri, not ob-llg'a-to-rf. 
 oblique ob-lek', not ob-lik'. 
 obsequies ob'se-kwlz, not ob-se'kwlz. 
 obsolete 6b'so-let, not ob-so-let'. 
 occult ok-kult', not Sk'kult 
 octavo ok-taVo, not ok-ta'vo. 
 
 Haldeman alone permits the second sound ; bat it is much need by caretnf 
 speakers. 
 
 office 6f 'fis, not aw'fis. So Sf 'fer, 6ft. See cloth. 
 
 often 6f ' n, not often. 
 
 olenant o-le'fl-ant (Wb., St.), not 6le-fi-ant 
 
 (Gen.), nor o-lSf'I-ant (Wor.). 
 omega o-me'ga (Wb. and Wor.), not o-meg'a. 
 
 nor 6'xneg-a. 
 
 omelet 6m'e-let, not flm'let. 
 onerous 6n'er-us, not o'ner-us. 
 only on'll, not un'll. 
 onyx o'niks, not dn'iks (Hal.), 
 opponent op-po'nent, not 6p'po-nent-
 
 26 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 opportune op-por-tun', not 6p'por-tun. 
 orchestra 6r'kes-tra, not or-keVtra. So or'- 
 
 cheis-tral, 
 
 orchid or'kid. So orchis or'kis. 
 ordeal or'de-al, not or-de'al. 
 orison 6r'i-zun, not or'i-sun. 
 ornate or'nat, not or-nat'. 
 orthoepy 6r'tho-e-pi, not or-tho'e-pl. So or'- 
 
 tho-e-pist. 
 
 We should like to adopt the second pronunciation, but Webster, Worcester, 
 Walker, Smart, Haldeman, and the Imperial do not favor it. 
 
 overt o'vert, not o-vert'. 
 
 oxide 5ks'Id^ not 5ks'id. See bromide. 
 
 oyer o'yer, not oi'er. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pageant paj'ent, not pa'jent (antiquated). So 
 
 pag'eant-ry. 
 
 palfrey pawl'tri, not pal'fri. 
 panorama pan-o-ra'ma, not pan-o-ra'ma. 
 
 pantomime pan'to-mim, not pan'to-mm. 
 
 parent par'ent, not pa'rent. So par'ent-age. 
 
 parietal pa-ri'e-tal, not pa-ri-e'tal. 
 
 parquet par-ka', not par-kgf. 
 
 partiality par-she-al'I-ti, not par-shal'I-ti. 
 
 participle par'tl-si-pl, not part'sl-pl. 
 
 partner part'ner, not pard'ner. 
 
 patent ^pSt'ent, not pa'tent. 
 
 patriot pa r tri-ot, not pat'rf-ot. So pa-trl-ot'ic, 
 
 pa'tri-ot-ism. 
 patron pa'tron, not pat'ron. So pa'tron-ess ; but 
 
 pat'ron-age, pat'ron-al, pat'ron-ize. 
 peculiar ^pe-kul'yar, not pe-ku'U-ar. So pe-cul- 
 
 iar'i-ty.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 27 
 
 pecuniary pe-kun'ya-ri, not pe-ku'nl-a-ri. 
 
 pedal, noun ped'al ; adj., pe'dal. 
 
 penitentiary pen-I-ten'sha-rf, not pen-I-ten'shl-a-rl. 
 
 penult pe'nult, not pe-nult'. 
 
 The best authorities permit us to say pe'nult, but not antept'nult. 
 
 peremptory per'em-to-rf, not pe-rem'to-rf. 
 perfect, verb per-fgkt', not per'fekt. 
 
 This marking is preferred by Haldeman, permitted by Webster and others, 
 and accords with general usage. It conforms to the general rule for distinguish- 
 ing by the accent between the verb and the noun or adjective. A few other 
 cases of this kind are about settled by good usage, as per'mit, per'fume, 
 de'taU, re' tail, in'crease, survey, with the verbs permit', perfume', detail', retail', 
 increase', survey'. 
 
 perfume, noun per'fum (Wb. and Wor.), not 
 per-fum'. See perfect. 
 
 perfunctory per-funk'to-rJ, not per'funk-to-ri. 
 
 permit, noun per'mit, not per-mlt'. See per- 
 fect. 
 
 petal pSt'al, notpe'tal. 
 
 phalanx faTanks, not fa'lanks. 
 
 The first marking is supported by Stor., Imp., Ency., Hal., Smart, and by good 
 usage ; the second is preferred by Wb., Cen., St., and Wor. 
 
 pharmaceutic far-ma-su'tik. So phar-ma-ceu'tist. 
 philosophy fl-los'o-f I, not f i-16s'o-f I. 
 phonics fdn'iks, not fo'niks. 
 phosphorus fos'fo-rus, not fos-for'us 
 pianist pl-a'nist, not pe-an'ist, nor pe'an-ist. 
 piano-forte pl-a'no-for'ta, not pe-an'o-fort. 
 pilaster pl-las'ter, not pfl'as-ter, nor pl'las-ter. 
 piquant pik'ant, not pe'kant. 
 placard plalc'-ard, not pla-kard'. 
 
 The new books, except Webster, all say plak'ard and sqvol'or, pronunciations 
 which have become established by almost universal usage, in spite of the dic- 
 tionaries. 
 
 plagiary pla'ja-rl, not pla'jl-a-rl. So pla'giar-ism, 
 pla'giar-ize.
 
 28 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 plebeian ple-be'yan, not ple'be-an. 
 plenary ple'na-rl, not plSn'a-rl. 
 
 The first is favored by a large majority of the authorities. 
 
 plethoric ple-thdr'ik, not plSth'o-rik (Hal.). 
 
 poignant poi'nant, not poin'yant. 
 
 porcelain por'se-Hn, not por'se-lan, nor pors'- 
 
 lan, nor pors'lin, nor pors'lan. 
 portent por-tent', not por'tent. 
 possess poz-zes', not pos-ses'. So pos-ses'sive, 
 
 pos-ses'sion. 
 
 precedence pre-se'dence, not pres'e-dence. 
 precedent, noun pres'e-dent ; adj., pre-se'dent. 
 predecessor pred-e-ses'sur, not pre-de-ses'sur. 
 predilection pre-dl-lek'shun, not pred-I-lek'shun. 
 prelude, noun preTud, not prelud (Wb.) ; verb, 
 
 preJud'. 
 
 premier pre'xnl-er, not prem'yer, nor prSm-yS'. 
 presage, noun pr8s r ^j, not pre's^j (Wb.) ; verb, 
 
 pre-saj'. 
 prescience prg'shl-ence, not pre'shence, nor presh^ 
 
 ence. 
 
 presentation piez-en-ta'shun, not pre-zen-ta'shun. 
 presentiment pre-sen'tl-ment, not pre-zenfment. 
 prestige preVtfl, not pres-tezh'. 
 presumptuous pre-zumt'u-us, not pre-zump'shus. 
 pretence pre-tence', not pre'tence. 
 preterite prgt'er-it, not pre'ter-it (antiquated). 
 pretext pre'tekst, not pre-tSkst'. 
 pretty prit'tt, not pret'tt. 
 pristine prfs'tln, not prfs'tin, nor -ten. 
 probity pr6b'l-tl, not prolbl-tl. 
 process pr6s'es, not pro'ses. 
 produce pr6d r uce, not pro'diice.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 29 
 
 profile prS'fel (Gen., St., Wor.), notpr&f II (Wb.), 
 
 nor pro'f fl. 
 
 progress prog'res, not pro'gres. 
 prolix pro-Uks', not proliks. 
 prologue pro'ldg, not prol'og. 
 
 Webster, Stormonth, the Century, the Standard, and the Imperial favor the 
 first form ; Worcester, Walker, Smart, and others, the second. 
 
 promenade prom-e-nad' (Wb.), not prom-e-nad' 
 
 (Imp.). 
 promulgation pr6m-ul-ga'shun (Wor.), not pro- 
 
 mul-ga'shun (Wb.). So pr6m'ul-ga-tor. 
 pronunciation pro-niin-shi-a'shun, not pro-nun- 
 
 si-a'shun. So re-nun-ci-a'tion, con-sci-en'- 
 
 tious. See association. 
 
 " The majority of the authorities are in favor of the sound of sh (in these 
 words! i and the Rev. Dr. Wheaton says, in his ' Travels in England,' 1 1 was 
 a little mortified at having my Yankee origin detected by my omitting to giva 
 the full sound of sh in the word pronunciation.' " Worcester. 
 
 protestation pr6t-es-ta'shun, not pro-tes-ta'shun. 
 
 provocative pro-vo'ka-tiv, not pro-volc'a-tKv 
 (Smart). 
 
 provost, a civil officer prov'ust ; a military officer, 
 pro-vo'. 
 
 prussic priis'ik, not prSSs'ik. " prussic acid." 
 
 puerile pu'er-fl, not pu'er-il (Imp.). See juve- 
 nile. 
 
 puissance pu'is-sance, not pu-Is'sance. So pu.'- 
 is-sant. 
 
 pumpkin pumpldn, not punk'in. 
 
 purport, noun and verb pur'port, not pur-port'. 
 
 pygmean pig-me'an, not plg'me-an. 
 
 pyramidal pi-ram'I-dal, not plr'a-mid-al.
 
 30 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quadrille kwa-drll', not ka-drfl'. 
 quandary kwon'da-ri (Wb.), not kwon-da'rl 
 (WOT.). 
 
 The form Jnoon-da'rt has the support only of Stormonth, Worcester, and the 
 older English authorities. It is wholly disregarded in America. 
 
 quarantine, noun kw5r'an-ten ; verb, kwor-an-ten'. 
 quash kw6sh, not kwash. 
 quay ke, not kwa. 
 
 quinine kwi'nin, not kwin'ln, nor kwi-nln', nor 
 kin-en'. 
 
 The last pronunciation, though very common, has almost no authority in the 
 books. 
 
 quoth kwoth, not kwuth. 
 
 XL 
 
 Raillery rftl'er-1, not ral'er-t. 
 
 rapine raptn, not ra'pen, nor ra-pen'. 
 
 rather r&^'er, not ra^A'er, nor rii^'er. 
 
 ration ra'shun, not rSsh'un. 
 
 rational rash'un-al, not ra'shun-al. So ra'tiou-al- 
 
 ist, ra-tion-ari-ty. 
 rationale rash-I-o-nale. 
 realization re-al-i-za'shun, not re-al-iz-a r shun. So 
 
 civ-il-I-za'tion, crys-tal-li-za'tion, fer-tl-li-za r - 
 
 tion, nat-u-ral-I-zS'tion, etc. 
 receptivity res-ep-tiVi-ti, not re-sep-tlv'i-tL 
 recess re-ses', never re'ses. 
 reciprocity res-I-pros'I-tl, not re-si-prSs'I-ti. 
 recitative res-I-ta-tev', not re-sit'a-tlv. 
 recluse, noun and adj. re-klus', not re-kluz', not 
 
 reklus. 
 recognizable rgk'og-mz-a-bl, not re-kdg'nl-za-bl.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 31 
 
 recognizance re-kdg'ni-zance, not re-kon'i-zance. 
 
 See cognizance. 
 
 recondite r&k'on-dlt, not re-kon'dlt. 
 recourse re-korce', not re'korce. 
 recusant re-ku'zant, not relc'u-zant. So re-cu'- 
 
 an-cy. 
 referable refer- a-bl ; also written and pronounced 
 
 re-feYrl-ble. 
 
 reflex re'fleks, not re-neks', 
 refluent r&f lu-ent, not re-flu'ent. 
 refutable re-fut'a-bl, not ref 'u-ta-bl. 
 relaxation re-laks-a'shun (Wb., Cen., St.), not 
 
 rgl-aks-a'shiui (Wor.). 
 remediable re-me'dl-a-bl. 
 remediless rSm'e-dl-les, not re-mSdl-les. 
 
 Webster stands almost alone for the second pronunciation. 
 
 rendezvous ren'de-v6b, not r6n r da-vdo. 
 
 renunciation re-nun-shi-a/shun, not re-nun-si-. See 
 association. 
 
 reptile rep'til, not rep'tfl (Imp.). See juvenile. 
 
 requiem ^relrwl-em, not rSk'wi-em. 
 
 research re-serch', not re'serch. 
 
 resignation rez-ig-na'shun, not res-ig-na'shun. 
 
 resource re-sorce', not re'sorce. 
 
 respirable re-spir'a-bl, not res'pl-ra-bl. So re- 
 spir'a-to-ry. 
 
 retail, noun^ re'tal ; verb, re-tal'. See perfect. 
 
 retroact re-tro-alrt', not rSt-ro-alrt'. So re-tro- 
 ac'tion ; re'tro-cede, re-tro-ces'sion ; re'tro- 
 vert, re-tro-ver'sion. But retfro-grade, ret- 
 ro-gres'sion ; r6t'ro-spect, ret-ro-spec'tion. 
 
 Webster prefers rS- la all these words ; but good usage has little regard for 
 consistency. 
 
 revolt re-volt', not re-vdlt'. So re-volt'ing.
 
 32 ACADEMY OriTHOEPIST. 
 
 rhythm rithm, not rithm. So rhyth'mic, rhytk'. 
 
 mical. 
 
 rise, noun ris, not riz. 
 robust ro-bust', not ro'bust. 
 romance ro-mance', not ro'mance. 
 root root, not root. 
 
 " [Learning] knit her brows, and stamped her angry foot 
 To hear a teacher call a root a root" Oliver Wendell Holm*. 
 
 route root, not rowt (inelegant). 
 routine rod-ten', not rob'ten, nor ro'ten. 
 rudiment rob'dl-ment, not ru'dl-ment, nor rud'-. 
 ruffian ruf 'yan, not ruf 'f I-an. 
 rule rool, not rul. So rude, ru'mor, ru'ral, ruth'- 
 less, true, brute, etc. 
 
 When 11 is preceded by r in the same syllable, it has the sound of oo in foot. 
 This sound must be carefully distinguished from the regular long .sound of * 
 which is equivalent to yu or lu, as in beauty, duty, music. 
 
 3. 
 
 Sacerdotal sas-er-do'tal, not sa-ser-do'tal. 
 sacrifice, noun sals'rl-f iz, not saTc'rl-fis, nor saV- 
 
 ri-f is (Hal.) ; verb, sak'rf-f Iz. 
 sacrilegious sak-ri-le'jus, not sak-rl-lfj'us. 
 saline sa-lln'; not sa'lin, nor sa'len. 
 sanguine sang'gwln, not san'gwin. See languid, 
 sapphire saf "fir (Wb.), not sSf 'fur. 
 sardonyx sar'do-niks, not sar-d6n'iks. 
 sarsaparilla sar-sa-pa-ril'la, not sas-a-pa-rfl'la 
 satin sat'in, not sat'n. So Lafin, not Lat'n. 
 satire sat'lr, not sSt'er, nor sa'ter (Wor.), nor 
 
 sa'tir. 
 
 satrap sa'trap, not sSt'rap (antiquated). 
 satyr- sa'ter (Wb.), not safer (Cen., St.). 
 sauntet- -san'ter, not sawn'ter. See daunt
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 33 
 
 savage sav'aj, not sav'ij. 
 
 " It IB in the delicate but firm utterance of the unaccented vowels with correct 
 sound that the cultured person is most surely distinguished from the uncultured. 
 In such words as purpose, favorable, pliant, lion, the unaccented vowels are made 
 short u by slovens in speech, who pronounce them purpus, lavoruble (or favru- 
 ble), pliunt, liun. In like manner, such words as damage, ravage, savage, orange, 
 are pronounced damig, ravig, savig, oring."R. G. While. 
 
 scallop, verb and nounskol'lup, not skallup. 
 scathe ska^, not skafh. So scaled, scaling. 
 
 But scath skath. 
 scenic sSn'ik, not sen'ik. 
 sceptic skep'tik, not sep'tik. 
 schismatic, noun and adj. siz-mat'ik. 
 seamstress sem'stres ( Wb.), not sgm'stres ( Woi .). 
 seckel, a small pear sekld, not slkl. 
 secretary sek're-ta-rf, not sek'u-ta-rf. See history, 
 semi sem% not sem'i, as in sem'I-cir-cle, sem r l- 
 
 co-lon. 
 
 senile se'nil, not se'nfl, nor sen'il. 
 sepulture sep'ult-yur, not se-pult'yur. 
 sequel se'kwel, not se'kwil. 
 ser'geant sar'jent, not ser'jent. 
 
 There is but little dictionary authority for the second pronunciation. 
 
 series se'rez, not se'ri-ez. 
 
 servile ser'vfl, not serMl. See futile. 
 
 several sev'er-al, not sev'rul. See history. 
 
 sha'n't shant, not shant. 
 
 sheath sheth, not she^ ; pi., she^s, not sheths. 
 
 shire shir, not sher; in compounds shir, as 
 
 Berkshire, 
 shone shon, not shdn. 
 
 The flrst pronunciation is preferred by Webster, 1 1 aide-man, the Century, and 
 the Standard, and is generally heard in this country ; the second is preferred by 
 Worcester and the English orthoepists. 
 
 sibyl sfb'il, not si'bil; sibylline sfb'il-line, not 
 sfl/il-lln.
 
 34 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 simultaneous si-mul-ta'ne-us, not slm-ul-ta'ne-us. 
 sinecure sfne-kur, not sln'e-kur. 
 singing sing'ing, not sing'in. So reading, writ'ing, 
 even'ing, morn'ing. 
 
 "Nine persons out of ten say singin instead ot singing" Dr.-Peabody. 
 
 " The vulgar practice of omitting to sound a final consonant after another 
 consonant is so common, that one would think the organs of speech, in most 
 persons, were incapable of uttering the sound." Parry Oynne. 
 
 sir'rah sir'ra, not ser'ra, nor sar'ra. 
 sirup sir'up, not stir'rup (colloquial). 
 sliver sliv'er (Wb.), not sll'ver (Wor.). 
 sloth sloth, not sltfth (Wb.). So sloth'ful. 
 slough, a miry place slow ; the cast sTcin of a 
 
 serpent sliif. 
 sociable so'shi-a-bl, not so'sha-bl. So so-ci-al'- 
 
 i-ty, so-ci-a-bil'i-ty. 
 
 sojourn, noun and verb so'jurn, not so-jurn'. 
 solder sdd'er, not sdl'der, nor saw'der. 
 sonorous so-no'rus, not son'o-rus. So ca-no r rous. 
 soon soon, not soon, 
 soothsayer sobth'sa-er, not s6o^'sa-er. 
 sorry sSr'ri, not saw'ri. 
 sough suf, not sow. So sough'ing. 
 sovereign siiv'er-in, not soV'er-in. 
 
 The first pronunciation is American, the second English. 
 
 spaniel span'yel, not span'el. 
 species spe'shgz, not spe'shez. 
 spheroid sphe'roid, not spher'oid. 
 splenetic sple-ngt'ik (St.), not splgn'e-tik (Wb.). 
 squalid skwSl'id, not skwal'id, nor skwawl'id. 
 squalor skwSl'or (Imp.), not skwa'lor. See pla- 
 card. 
 
 squirrel skwiir'rel, not skwlr'rel, nor skwSr'rel. 
 stalwart stawl'wart, not stoTwart, nor star wart.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 35 
 
 stanch stanch, not stanch, nor stawnch. See 
 
 launch, 
 stereopticon ster-e-6p'tt-kon, not ste-re-op'ti-kon 
 
 (Wb.). 
 stereoscope stSr'e-o-skop (Wor.), not ste're-o- 
 
 skop (Wb.). 
 stereotype stSr'e-o-tip (Wor.), not ste're-o-tip 
 
 (Wb.). 
 
 stirrup stir'rup, not stSr'rup, nor stur'rup. 
 stolid stdTid, not stolid. 
 
 strategic stra-te'jik (Wb.), not stra-tej'ik(Wor.}. 
 strew stroo, not stro. 
 strychnine strlk'nin, not strlk'nln. 
 subsidence sub-si'dence, not sub'si-dence 
 subtile, thin, fine sub'tfl, not sub'til. 
 subtle, sly, artful sufl, not sub'tl. 
 suffice suf-fiz', not suf-f Is', 
 suggest sug-jest r , not sud-jest'. 
 suite swet, not sut. 
 sulphuric sul-fu'rik, not siil'fu-iik. So sul-pM'- 
 
 re-ous ; but sul'phur-ous. 
 supererogatory su-per-e-rog'a-to-rl, not au-pei 1 - 
 
 eVo-ga-to-rL 
 
 sur-named sur-namd', not sur'namd. 
 survey, noun sui^va ; verb, sur-va'. 
 synoi-sln'od, not sfnod. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tableau tab-16', not talalo. 
 
 French words which are semi-Anglicized, strictly speaking, have no accent, 
 the voice resting with slightly increased stress upon the last syllable. Such 
 words are tableau, trousseau, plateau, ennui, connoisseur, coterie, debris, debut, 
 morale, etc. 
 
 tassel tas'sel, not t6Vsl, nor taw'seL
 
 36 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 taunt tant, not tawnt (antiquated). See daunt 
 tedious te'dl-us, not ted'yus, nor te'jus. 
 
 Worcester writes the pronunciation of this word U'dyus. 
 
 telegraphy te-leg'ra-fl, not teTe-graf-I. So te-leg'. 
 
 ra-phist. 
 temperature tgm'per-at-yur, not tSm'per-a-tfLr. 
 
 See literature, 
 tenet ten'et, not te'net 
 tergiversation ter-jl-ver-sa'shun. 
 thanksgiving thanks'giv-ing, not thanks-gl/ing. 
 therefore ^er'for, not ^air'for. But wherefore 
 
 whair'for, not wheVfor. 
 thousand thow'zand, not thow'zan. 
 three-legged thre-legd', not thre-leg'ged. 
 tiara tl-5'ra, not tl-a'ra. 
 tiny ti'nl, not te'nl, nor ttnl. 
 tirade ti-rad' (Wb.)., not tt-rad' (Wor.), nor tfrad. 
 tomato to-ma'to, not to-ma'to, nor to-mat'o. 
 topographical top-o-graf 'ik-al, not to-po-graf lk-al, 
 tortoise tor'tis (Wb.), not tdr'tiz (Wor.), nor 
 
 tor'toiz. 
 tournament toor'na-ment (Wor.), not tur'na. 
 
 ment. So tour'ney. 
 
 toward to'ard, not to-wawrd' ; towards to'ardz. 
 tranquil trang'kwil, not tranTtwil. See languid, 
 transact trans-akt', not tranz-akt'. 
 traverse trav'ers, not tra-vers'. 
 treatise tret'is (Wb.), not tret'iz. 
 treble trebl, not trib'l. 
 tremor tre'mur, not trgm'ur. 
 tribune trib'un, not trib'un, nor tri-buir*. 
 trio tre'o (Cen., St.), not trl'o (Wb,). 
 tripartite trip'ar-tit, not tri-par'ttt
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 3? 
 
 triphthong trlf 'thong, not trlp'thong. See 
 
 diphthong. 
 
 troth trdth, not troth, nor trawth. 
 truculent troo'ku-lent, not trak'u-lent. So tru'- 
 
 cu-lence. 
 
 truths trooths, not troops. 
 tuberose tu'ber-os, not tub'roz, nor tuTbe-roz. 
 
 The first form is the preference of the latest authorities ; Webster and Wor- 
 cester give it the second place. 
 
 turquoise tur-koiz' (Wb.), not tur-kez' (Wor.), 
 
 nor tur'kwoiz. 
 typographical ti-po-graf 'ik-al, not tlp-o -graf'ik-al. 
 
 So ty-pSg'ra-phy, ty-pog / ra-pher. 
 
 U. 
 
 Unctuous iinkt'yu-us, not unkt'shus. 
 undaunted un-dant'ed, not un-dawnt'ed. 
 underneath un-der-ne^', not un-der-neth'. 
 unfrequented un-fre-kwent'ed, not un-fre'kwent-ed. 
 unscathed un-ska^d', not un-skatht'. 
 usage yu'zaj, not yu'sij. 
 usurious yu-zhu'ri-us, not yu-zu'rl-us. 
 usurp yu-zurp', not yu-surp'. So u-gur-pa/tion. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vagary ^va-ga'ri, not va'ga-rf. 
 
 valet val'et, not val'a. 
 
 valuable val'u-a-bl, not val'yu-bl. 
 
 vanquish vang / kwisli,w^van / kwish. See languish. 
 
 vase vas (Wb.), not vaz (Wor.), nor vaz, nor vawz. 
 
 The first pronunciation is the most rational and euphonious, the second is 
 the most fashionable, the third is an affectation with almost no authority, and 
 the fourth is vulgar. 
 
 vaunt vant, not vawnt. See daunt.
 
 38 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 vehement ve'he-ment, not ve-he'ment So ve'he- 
 
 mence. 
 
 venial ve'nl-al, not ven'yal. 
 version veYshun, not ver'zhun. 
 victory vlk'to-rf, not vlk'tur-rf, nor vlk'trf. See 
 
 history, 
 vindicatory vin'dl-ka-to-rf, not vin-dlk'a-to-rf. So 
 
 vln'dl-ca-tive. 
 
 violoncello ve-o-lon-chello, not ve-o-lon-seTlo. 
 virago vl-ra'go, not vi-ra'go. 
 virulent vlr'u-lent, not vur'u-lent. So vlr'u-lence 
 visor viz'or, not vfzor. 
 vizier vlz'yer, not viz'yer, nor vl-zer'. 
 volcano ^vol-ka'no, not vol-ka/no. 
 
 W. 
 
 Waistcoat wastliot, not wSsTrat. 
 
 wassail wds'sil, not was'sal. 
 
 which hwfch, not wlch. 
 
 wont, fieri} and noun wiint. 
 
 won't wont,, not wiint. 
 
 wound woond, not wownd (antiquated). 
 
 wreath reth, not TstTi ; pi., re^z, not reths. 
 
 wrong rSng, not rawng. See gone. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yacht ySt, not yat. 
 
 yesterday yes'ter-da, not yls'ter-dft. 
 
 youths y6oths, not yobthz. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zealot zeTot, not zel r ot. 
 
 zoology zo-ol'o-jl, not zoo-SFo-jI. So zo-o-lSgl- cal
 
 PROPER NAMES. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abelard ab'e-lard. 
 
 About (Edmond) a-boo'. 
 
 Adelphi a-del'f I, not a-del'f L 
 
 Adonis a-do'nis, not a-dSn'is. 
 
 Adonais ad-o-na'is. Shelley's "Adonais." 
 
 Adriana ad-rf-an'a. "Comedy of Errors." 
 
 -ZEneid e-ne'id, not e'ne-id. 
 
 Agassiz ag'a-se, not a-gas'siz. 
 
 Agincourt aj'in-kdrt ; Fr., a'zhaN'kooE.' 
 
 Alaric al r a-rik. 
 
 Alcibiades al-sl-bi'a-dez. 
 
 Alcuin al'kwin. 
 
 Aldrich awrdritch. So Alcott, Alden. 
 
 Alfieri al-fe-a're. 
 
 All Pasha ale pa-shaw'. 
 
 Anabasis a-nab'a-sis, not a-nab'sis. 
 
 Andre (Major) an'dra. 
 
 Andromache an-drom'a-ke. 
 
 Antiochus ^an-ti r o-kus. 
 
 Aphrodite af-ro-di'te. 
 
 Appalachian ap-pa-la'chl-an, not -latch'I-an. 
 
 Arab ar'ab, not a'rab. So Ar'a-bic, not A-ra'bic 
 
 Ariadne a-rf-ad'ne. 
 
 Arion a-ri'on, not a r ri-on. 
 
 Armada ar-ma'da, not ar-ma'da. 
 
 Arundel a-run r del, not ar'un-del (English). 
 
 Aryan ar'yan, not a'ri-an. 
 
 Asia a'she-a, wo^a'zha; Asiatic a-she-at'ik. 
 
 Auerbach ow'er-bak, 
 
 Augean aw-je'an.
 
 40 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 Augustine (Saint), the author aw'gus-tm ; the 
 
 town aw'gus-ten. 
 Avon a'von, not av'on. 
 Austerlitz aws'ter-litz, not ows'ter-litz (Ger.). 
 Aytoun a'tun. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bach bak, not bak. 
 Bagehot (Walter) baj'ut. 
 Balthazar bal-tha'zar. "Comedy of Errors;" 
 
 " Merchant of Venice." 
 Balzac bal'zak', not bal'zak'. 
 Bancroft bang'kroft, not ban'kroft. 
 Banquo bang'kwo, T^o^ban'kwo. "Macbeth." 
 Barabbas ba-rablbas, not bar r a-bas. 
 Bassanio bas-sa/nl-o, not bas-san'-I-o. " Merchant 
 
 of Venice." 
 Bastile bas-teF. 
 
 Bayard (Chevalier) ba'ard ; (Am. statesman) bl'ard. 
 Beaconsfield bek'unz-feld, not be'kunz-feld. 
 Beatrice be'a-tris. "Divine Comedy"; "Much 
 
 Ado about Nothing." 
 Beatrice Cenci ba-a-tre'cha chen'che. 
 Beattie be'te, not ba'te (Scotch). 
 Beauchamp (Eng.) be'cham. 
 Beaufort^bu'furt(Am.); bo'furt(Eng.); bo / for / (Fr.). 
 Beethoven ba'to-ven. 
 Behemoth be r he-moth, not be-he'moth. 
 Belial beli-al. 
 Bellini bel-le'ne. 
 
 Belvedere bel- ve-der'. ' ' Apollo Belvedere.' ' 
 Beranger ba r roN r zha r . 
 
 Berlin beYUn, not ber-lln', nor bar-len' (Ger.). 
 Berlioz besle'S'.
 
 PBOPER NAMES. 41 
 
 Bernard (Saint) beYnard ; Fr. beB'nafi'. 
 
 Bingen blng'en, not bln'jen. 
 
 Bjornson be-yorn'son. 
 
 Blucher blob'ker. 
 
 Boccaccio bo-ka'cho. 
 
 Boileau bwa'lo'. 
 
 Boleyn, Anne an bobl'in. 
 
 Bologna bo-lon'ya ; Boulogne boo-lon'. 
 
 Bonheur (Rosa) bS-nuR'. 
 
 Booth booth, not boo^. 
 
 Borghese bor-ga'za. 
 
 Boucicault boo-se-ko'. 
 
 Bourbon boorlbun, not bor'bun. (Ky., bur^bun). 
 
 Bronte br6n r te, not br6n'ta. 
 
 Brougham broo'am. 
 
 Buddha bood'da. 
 
 Byzantine bi-zan'tin, not biz'an-tin. 
 
 C. 
 
 Caedmon k2,d r mon. 
 
 Cairo kfro (Egypt) ; ka'ro (U. S.). 
 
 Calais kaFis, nofk.a-la,' (Fr.). 
 
 Calliope kal-lfo-pe, not kal-11-o'pe. 
 
 Cambyses kam-bi'sez. 
 
 Campbell kam'bel ; often kam'el. 
 
 Canaanite ka'nan-it, not ka'na-an-It. 
 
 Capuchin cap-yu-shen'. 
 
 Caribbean kar-ib-be'an, not ka-riblbe-an. 
 
 Carlyle (Thomas) kar-ia r , not karlfl. 
 
 Carracci kar-rat'che. 
 
 Carthaginian kar-tha-jln'1-an, not kar-tha-jenl-an. 
 
 Cassiopea kas-sl-o-pe'a, not kas-sl-o'pe-a. 
 
 Caucasian kaw-ka'shan, not kaw-kash'an.
 
 42 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 Cecil sgs'il, not sJs'il, nor se'sil. 
 
 Cecilia (Saint) se-sfl'I-a, not se-seTya, 
 
 Cellini chel-le'ne. 
 
 Cervantes ser-van'tez, not ser-van'tez. 
 
 Charlemagne shar-le-man', not -man'. 
 
 Charon ka'ron, not char'on. 
 
 Cheops ke'ops, not che'ops. 
 
 Cherbuliez shr-bu-le-a'. 
 
 Cherubim ka-roo-be'ne". 
 
 Childe chfld, not chad. Childe Harold." 
 
 Chillon shil'lon; Fr. sheTyoN'. "Prisoner of 
 
 ChHlon." 
 
 Chinese chi-nez', not chi-nes'. 
 Chopin sho-patf', not cho'pin, nor ko'pin. 
 Cincinnati sin-sin-na'tt, not sin-sin-nat'ta. 
 Cleopatra ^kle-o-pa'tra, not -pat'ra, nor -pa'tra. 
 Clive (Lord) kllv, not klev. 
 Clough (Arthur Hugh) kluf, not klow. 
 Cockburn (Lord) kC'burn. 
 Coanr de Lion kaK deh le-ON'. "Richard, the 
 
 lion-hearted." 
 Coligny ko-lSn'ye 
 Concord k6ng'kurd, not k6n'kord. 
 Corneille kor-nal' ; Fr. koE-na'ye. 
 Correggio kor-r&d'j o. 
 Coventry kuv'en-tre, not k8v'en-tre. 
 Crimea krf-me'a, not kri'me-a. So CrK-me'an. 
 Cromwell krom'wel., not krum'wel. 
 
 D. 
 
 Daniel dan'yel, not dan'el. 
 Danish da'nish, not dan'ish. 
 Dante dan'te ; It. dan'ta.
 
 PROPER NAMES. 43 
 
 D'Arc, Jeanne zhan daKk'. Joan of Arc. 
 
 Delhi del'le (Hindostan) ; del'hi (U. S.). 
 
 De Quincey de-kwin'si, not kwln'zl. 
 
 Derby deVbl, not dar'bl (Eng.). 
 
 Descartes da-kart'. 
 
 Desdemona dez-de-mo'na, not des-. "Othello." 
 
 Diana di-a'na, not di-an'a. 
 
 Disraeli dlz-ra'el-e. 
 
 DobeU (Sydney) do-beT, not do'bel. 
 
 Dolci (Carlo) ddl'che ; Dolce dol'cha. 
 
 Don Juan don ju'an. Byron's "Don Juan." 
 
 Don Quixote don kwlks'ot. 
 
 Doric d6r'ik, not do'rik. 
 
 Druid droo'id, not dru'id. 
 
 Dumas du-ma'. 
 
 Duncan dunk'an, not diin'kan. " Macbeth." 
 
 Durer (Albert) du'rer. 
 
 E. 
 
 Ebers (Georg) a'berce, not e'berz. 
 Edinburgh Sd'in-bur-ruh, not gd'in-burg. 
 El Dorado el-do-ra'do, not el-do-ra'do. 
 
 Elgin el'gin, not el'jin. 
 
 Elia e'H-a. Charles Lamb. 
 
 Elizabethan e-llz'a-beth-an, not e-liz-a-be'than. 
 
 Erin e'rin, not Sr'in. 
 
 Euphues yu'fu-ez. Lyly's "Euphues." 
 
 European yu-ro-pe'an, not yu-ro'pe-an. 
 
 Eyre (Jane) air, not ire. 
 
 P. 
 
 Falconer fawk'ner. 
 
 F aneuil f an'el, not fan'u-il, nor f tin'el. ' ' Faneuil 
 Hall."
 
 44 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 Farquhar far'kwar. 
 
 Faust lowst, notfawst. 
 
 Florentine fltfr'en-tiCn, not -tin, nor -ten. 
 
 Foscari f6s'ka-re. "The Two Foscari." 
 
 Froissart frois'sart. 
 
 Froude frood, not frowd. 
 
 G. 
 
 Galileo gal-Me'o, not ga-lfl'e-o. 
 
 Garibaldi gar-1-bal'di ; It. ga-re-bal'd5. 
 
 Gautier go-te-a'. 
 
 Gawain (Sir) gaw'an, not ga'wan. 
 
 Genoa j en'o-a, not j e-no'a. 
 
 Geoffrey j ef 're. 
 
 Gil Bias hel bias, not zliel bla. 
 
 Giotto jot'o. 
 
 Giovanni j o- van'ne. 
 
 Gloucester ^glSs'ter. 
 
 Goethe giir'teh . 
 
 Godiva go-di'va. "Lady Godiva." 
 
 Gottingen get'ing-en. 
 
 Granada gra-na'da. But Gre-na'da. 
 
 Gratiano ^gra-she-a'no, not -a'no. "Merchant of 
 
 Venice." 
 
 Greenwich grfn'ij (Eng.) ; gren'ich (U. S.) 
 Grosvenor grov'nor. 
 Guelph gwelf ; It. Guelfo gwel'fo. 
 Guendolen gwen'do-len, not gwen-do'len. 
 Guido Reni gwe'do ra'ne. 
 Guinevere (Queen) gwin'e-ver. 
 Guise gwez, not gez. 
 Guizot ge-z6', not gwe-z5'.
 
 PEOPEB NAMES. 4b 
 
 Gustavus Adolphus gus-ta'vus a-dSl'fus, not 
 
 gus-ta'vus. 
 
 Gutenberg goo'ten-beKG. 
 Guyon (Sir) gl'on. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hseckel hek'el. 
 
 Haldee hi-de'. "Don Juan." 
 
 Handel han'del ; Ger. Handel hgn'deL 
 
 Haydn ha'd'n; Ger. hi'd'n. 
 
 Hegel ha'gel. 
 
 Heine hi'neh. 
 
 Hellenic hel-lgn'ik, not hel-le'nik. 
 
 Helo'ise a-lo-ez'. 
 
 Hemans (Mrs.) hem'anz, not he'manz. 
 
 Hermione her-mi'o-ne, not -me'. ' ' Winter' s Tale." 
 
 Hesiod he'sl-od, not hes r l-od. 
 
 Heyse hi'zeh, 
 
 Hindoo hin-doo', not hln'doo (Wb.). 
 
 Holinshed h61'inz-hed, not h61 'in-shed. 
 
 Horatio ho-ra'sM-o, not ho-ra'sho. 
 
 Hudibras hu'dl-bras, not hu'dl-bra. 
 
 Hughes (Thomas) huz, not hu'ez. 
 
 Hyperion hl-pe'ri-on ; in the classics, hi-pe-ri'on. 
 
 I. 
 
 lago e-a'go. *' Othello." 
 
 Indian in'dl-an, not ind'yan, nor In'jun. 
 
 Ingelow, Jean jen In'je-lo. 
 
 Iowa 1'o-wa, not i-6'wa. 
 
 Iphigenia if-I-j e-ni'a. 
 
 Irene ^i-re'ne, not i-ren'. 
 
 Italian I-tal'yan, not I-tal'yan. 
 
 Ixion iks-T'on, not Iks'I-on.
 
 46 ACADEMY OBTHOEPI3T. 
 
 J. 
 
 January jan'u-a-rf, not ien'u-a-rt 
 
 Japanese jap-an-ez', not jap-an-es'. 
 
 Jaques zhak. 
 
 Jean Paul jen pawl, not zhoN powl, 
 
 Jevons jev'onz, not je-vSnz'. 
 
 Jew ju, notjoo-, Judaic ju-da'ik. 
 
 Joubert zhoo-bain'. 
 
 Juliet ju'U-et, not jool'yet. " Romeo and Juliet. 1 ' 
 
 Jupiter ju'pl-ter, not joo'bl-ter. 
 
 K. 
 
 Keble ke'bl, not kgb'bl. 
 
 Khedive ka-dev', not ke'dlv. 
 Kossuth K6sh'oot. 
 
 L. 
 
 Laertes la-er'tez. "Hamlet." 
 Lafayette la-fa-yet', not la'fa-et. [Travels." 
 
 Lagado la-ga'do. So La-pu'ta. "Gulliver's 
 Lalla Rookh lal'la rook, not lal'la rook. 
 Lancaster lank'as-ter, not lan'kas-ter. 
 Laocoon la-6k'o-on. 
 Laplace ^la-plas'. 
 
 Leonato le-o-na/to. ' ' Much Ado about Nothing.' ' 
 Lewes (G-. H.) lu'is, not lu'ez. 
 Leyden ll'dn, not la'dn. " Leyden-jar." 
 Lesseps, de deh la-seps'. 
 
 Liddell lld'del, wtflid'-deT. "Liddell and Scott." 
 So Par'nell, Bush'nell. 
 
 There is an apparent tendency in this country to change the accent of such 
 names to the last syllable, as Cornell', Battell', Bedell', Widell', Morrell', Lin- 
 Bell'. Some of these are still heard with the older accent. 
 
 Linnaeus liu-ne'us. So lin-ne'an.
 
 PEOPEB NAMES. 47 
 
 Liszt list. 
 
 Lochinvar lok-in-var'. " Marmion." 
 
 Lodovico lo-do-ve'ko. " Othello." 
 
 M. 
 
 Machiavelian mak-I-a-vel'y an . 
 
 Madeira ma-de'ra, not ma-da'ra. [ho-met. 
 
 Mahomet ma-hSm'et, not ma'ho-met, nor xna'- 
 
 *' Ma-h5m'et is not only the prevailing English pronunciation, bnt it corre- 
 sponds more nearly with the Arabic." Dr. Thomas. 
 
 Malvolio mal-vo'11-o, not mal-vol'yo. "Twelfth 
 Night." 
 
 Manetho man'e-tho. 
 
 Medici med'e-che. 
 
 Meissonier ma-so-ne-a'. 
 
 Mendelssohn men'dels-son. 
 
 Meyerbeer ml'er-bar. 
 
 Michael Angelo mi'ka-el an'je-lo; It. Michelan- 
 gelo me-kel-an'ja-lo. 
 
 Michaelmas mlk'el-mas. 
 
 Milan mfl'an, not ml-laV, nor mT'lan. 
 
 " The usage of the best English poets, as well as of the best speakers, is 
 decidedly in favor of the first pronunciation." Webster. 
 
 Millais (English painter) mil-la'. 
 Millet (French painter) me-ya'. 
 Milnes (Lord Houghton) milnz. 
 Mississippi mis-sis-slp'pl, not mis-slp'pl. 
 Moliere mo-le-aiR'. 
 Moloch mo'lok, not mdl'ok. 
 Morpheus m 6r'fus. 
 Moscheles mSsh'gh-lSs. 
 Mozart mo-zart' ; Ger. Mot'sart. 
 Munchausen miln-chaw'sen. 
 Murillo mu-ril'lo ; Sp. moo-reFyo.
 
 48 ACADEMY OfeTHOEPIST. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nevada ne-va'da. 
 
 New Orleans nu or'le-anz, not or-lenz'. 
 
 Niagara nl-ag'a-ra, not ni-ag'a-ra. 
 
 Niobe ni'o-be. 
 
 Norwich nor'ij (Eng.) ; nor'ich, or nor'wich (U. S.) 
 
 Novalis no-va'lis. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oberon 6b'e-ron, not o'be-ron. 
 Orion o-rl'on. 
 
 Orpheus 6r'fus, not 6r'fe-us. 
 Ossian Ssh'an. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paganini ^pa-ga-ne'ne. 
 Palestine p&Tes-tin, not pal'es-t5n, nor -ttn. 
 Palfrey pawl'M. 
 Palgrave pawl'grav. 
 
 Palmerston pam'er-ston, not pal'mer-ston. 
 Pariah pa/rf-ah, not pa'ri-ah. 
 Parisian pa-rizh'an, not pa-riz'e-an 
 Penelope pe-nero-pe. 
 Pepys peps, not pep'is. 
 
 Persia per'she-a, not per'zha ; Persian per'shan 
 Perugino pa-roo-je'no. 
 
 Petruchio ^pe-troo'ke-o. " Taming of the Shrew." 
 Philistine f I-Hs'tln. So Phl-lls'tin-ism. 
 Pleiades ple'ya-dez, not pli'a-dez. 
 Poitiers poi-terz' ; Fr. pwa-te-a'. 
 Pompeii pom-pa'ye. [Venice." 
 
 Portia por'shi-a, not por'shl-a. "Merchant of 
 Ponghkeepsie po-krp'sl. 
 Prague prag, not prag. 
 Presbyterian prez-bl-te'ri-an, not pres-
 
 PBOPER NAMES. 49 
 
 Prussian prush'an, not prod'shan. [re'an. 
 
 Pythagorean pith-a-go're-an, not pj-thag-o- 
 
 Pythoness plth'o-nes, not pi'tho-nes. 
 
 B. 
 
 Rabelais ra-bla'. 
 
 Racine ra-sen'. 
 
 Raleigh raw'le, not iftl'e. 
 
 Raphael raf a- el ; in 'Paradise Lost," r'a-el. 
 
 Rembrandt rem'brant. 
 
 Richelieu rish'el-yu ; Fr. re-shuh-lyuh' 
 
 Robespierre r6b'es-per ; F. rob-es-pe-aiB'. 
 
 Roderigo ^rod-er-e'go. " Othello." 
 
 Rosalind rSz'a-lind. "As You Like It." So 
 
 RSs/a-Hne, Rog'a-mond. 
 Rossetti (D. G.) ros-set'te, not roz-z6t't5. 
 Rossini ros-se'ne. 
 Russian rush'an, not roo'shan. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sabrina sa-brfna, not -bre'na. " Comus." 
 Salanio sa-la'nl-o ; Salarino sa-la-re'no. " Mer 
 
 chant of Venice." 
 
 Samaritan sa-mar'1-tan, not sa-mar'J-tan. 
 Savonarola sa-vo-na-ro'la. 
 Schubert shoo'bert. 
 Semiramis se-mlr'a-mis. 
 Sinai si'na-i, not si'na. 
 Stephano stef'a-no. "Tempest** 
 
 T. 
 
 Tannhauser tan'hoi-zer. 
 
 Tarpeian tar-pe'yan. ; 
 
 Telemachus te-lem'a-kus.
 
 50 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 Terriers tSn'e-erz. 
 
 Terpsichore terp-slk'o-re. So Terp-si-cho-re'an. 
 
 Thalia tha-li'a, not tha'll-a. 
 
 Thames temz (Eng.) ; tamz (U. S.). 
 
 Theobald the'o-bawld, or tlb'bald. 
 
 Thiers te-ar'. 
 
 Thoreau tho'ro, not tho-r6'. 
 
 Thorwaldsen tor'wawld-sen. 
 
 Titian tish'e-an. 
 
 Trafalgar traf-al-gar', not tra-fal'gar. 
 
 Troilus tro'I-lus, not troi'lus. 
 
 Tuileries twe'le-re'. 
 
 Turgeneff toor-gen'ef. 
 
 The pronunciation of this name is nearly as uncertain as the spelling, of 
 which there are at least a dozen forms. The form of each here adopted is that 
 of the new edition of Webster. 
 
 Tyrol tfr'ol, not tf-r51'. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vaughan vawn. 
 
 Vecchio v&k'ke-o. 
 
 Verdi ve"R'de. 
 
 Vernet v&n'na'. 
 
 Vespasian ves-pa'zM-an. 
 
 Vespucci, Amerigo a-ma-re'go ves-poot'che. 
 
 Vinci, da da vln'che. 
 
 Viola vi'o-la, not vi-o'la. " Twelfth Night." 
 
 W. 
 
 Wagner vag'ner ; not incorrectly wag'ner. 
 Warwick wor'rik (Eng.) ; wor'wick (U. S.). 
 Waterloo wa-ter-l6b'. 
 Weber, von fon va'ber. 
 Wolsey wdbl'zl, not wobl'sl.
 
 EXERCISES FOR CLASS-DRILL, 
 
 Introductory Note. Some of the following exercises, illustrating 
 special points and principles (such as Nos. I, II, IV, V, VII, and 
 IX), may be used while studying the body of the manual ; but 
 before the "General Exercises" are attempted, classes should be 
 carried over the main lists of words once thoroughly. This work 
 may best be accomplished by assigning, in connection with reading, 
 grammar, literature, or other English study, a certain portion for 
 each day's lesson. For the younger pupils, a few of the more diffi- 
 cult and uncommon words may be checked from the list. Each 
 pupil should be provided with a copy of the manual, in order that 
 regular preparation for the exercise may be required, as for any 
 other lesson. Special groups of words (as on pp. 10, 18, 21, 22, 31) 
 must be frequently reviewed. Any teacher who will apply this 
 method thoroughly for a term, or a single month even, will be 
 surprised at the excellent result, obtained at the cost of but little 
 extra time five or ten minutes, perhaps, each day. It will be 
 found that classes take a live interest in the work, when it is made 
 a part of their systematic work. Incidentally, also, the exercises 
 may be made useful as a means of increasing the vocabulary of the 
 pupils, new words being defined and their uses illustrated, as they 
 appear in the successive lists assigned. 
 
 I. Exercise in Enunciation. 
 
 Direction. Read the exercise slowly at first, and more rapidly 
 with successive reviews. Distinguish carefully the vowel sounds, 
 but avoid giving too much force to the unaccented syllables. See 
 " Points to be Remembered," and notes under history, p. 19, and 
 savage, p. 33. 
 
 His'to-ry, with its mys'ter-y of my-thol'o-gy and bois'- 
 ter-ous vic'to-ries, is gen'er-al-ly more in'ter-est-ing than 
 the ac'cu-rate work of a-rith'me-tic and ge-om'e-try. 
 Hy'gi-ene, too, and sev'er-al other sub'jects are quite as 
 val'u-a-ble, my guar'di-an says, as al'ge-bra and ge-og'- 
 ra-phy. But I prefer the more so'ci-a-ble work of the 
 lab'o-ra-to-ry, where I often spend e-leven' hours a day 
 stud'y-ing ge-ol'o-gy and min-er-al'o-gy. My par-ti-al'i-ty 
 for these studies is ref 'er-a-ble, perhaps, to a sov'er-eign
 
 52 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 in'ter-est in mountains, or to the in-er'ti-a of my i-de'as 
 per-tain'ing to nom'i-na-tives and par'ti-ci-ples, and the 
 gov'ern-ment of the ac-cu'sa-tive and the ab'la-tive, or to 
 cer'tain other ve'ni-al of-fens'es in Lat'in, which, in the 
 judg'ment of the pru'dent su-per-in-ten'dent, are un-par'- 
 don-a-ble. 
 
 II. The Endings ent, ant, and ed. 
 
 Note. A very common fault is to pronounce ent and ant like 
 tint, and ed like id, as fragrunt for fragrant, unitid for united. 
 In correcting the fault, do not lay special stress on the corrected 
 syllable. 
 
 I am delighted with the good judgment of our beloved 
 superintendent, in his prudent and lenient method of 
 government. It is apparent that both students and 
 parents are united in commending his undaunted energy 
 in establishing a precedent for the improvement of the 
 precedent methods. His room is like a parliament, where 
 truculent disputants, with the aid of tedious "Liddell," 
 learnedly discuss the Anabasis and the truths of the aged 
 Hesiod. The commencement of a career here is attended 
 with frequent presentiments of failure, and poignant 
 fears of chastisement for being ignorant of the rudiments 
 of Latin. 
 
 III. General Exercise. 
 
 The history of Asia is exceedingly interesting, when 
 studied with the acumen and appreciation generally pos^ 
 sessed by adults. The mystery of the Hindoo civilization 
 and its obsolete mythology, the enigmatic monuments 
 of the Chinese, the pretty costumes and inexplicable 
 customs of Persia, all form a romance as incomparable 
 in interest as the juvenile histories of Alaric or the 
 Great Armada. 
 
 But travel in this vast and unfrequented area is more
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 53 
 
 valuable, provided the traveler has the proper accessory 
 apparatus. His best partners and allies would be an 
 amateur from the athenaeum, an aspirant for fame who 
 has won Alpine or Arctic honors, and a servant of adaman- 
 tean strength. He must have no altercation with the 
 cyclopean courier, who is not amenable to discipline. He 
 must be abstemious in the use of almonds, apricots, and 
 all food containing albumen, until he is acclimated. 
 
 IV. Italian a (a). 
 
 Note. This sound of a, the purest and most beautiful in the 
 language, is much misused. A common tendency, in careless and 
 illiterate speech, is to shorten it, as half for half. Another ten- 
 dency, especially with words in au, is to broaden the sound, as 
 gawnt for gaunt (see pp. 12, 21). It is the most open of all the 
 vowel sounds, and it should be practiced until it is perfectly clear 
 and distinguishable from the other sounds of a. The accompany- 
 ing diagram will be found serviceable in illustrating the proper 
 sound. 
 
 Direction. Let the pupils give, in succession, the simple sounds 
 
 of the vowel, as marked, prolonging each sound, thus : a , 
 
 a , aw ; aw- , a , 8, . (Notice that the 
 
 mouth must be opened to its widest extent to form the clear and 
 full sound of a.) Pronounce the word jaunt in the three forms, 
 thus : j&nt, jant, jawnt ; and so the wovds launch, can't, haunt. 
 Review the following exercise frequently : 
 
 I saw the calf and the cat, but not the fawn. 
 
 Ah ! you can't catch me gaping or yawning, can you ? 
 
 The day was calm at dawn, and so we carried the boat 
 and launched it in the small stream. 
 
 I thought your jaunt on a camel and walk among the 
 palms would add to your strength and make you stanch 
 again.
 
 54 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 
 
 George was sauntering across the lawn, his heart beat- 
 ing because of the taunt about the piano, and his thoughts 
 turbid as lava-streams. Though usually undaunted, he 
 was now haunted by the fear that the drama of life for 
 him would be a laughing farce. But the bath of fresh 
 air during his promenade was like balm to his half-broken 
 spirits, and with calm feelings he returned to his father's 
 hearth, like a beggar asking alms. 
 
 V. The Endings ing, ess, and ence. 
 
 Note. The corrected syllable must not be made prominent. 
 Touch it lightly, but give to its vowel the proper quality. See 
 " Points to be Remembered," and note under singing p. 34. 
 
 "In singing, drawing, and dancing," said Papa, "you 
 are making progress, but I do wish you were progressing 
 faster in reading and writing. In reading, grasping the 
 thought of each sentence quickly, speaking the words 
 distinctly, and emphasizing correctly, are matters to be 
 attended to with diligence. 
 
 "Ceaseless patience is necessary, from morning until 
 evening, though your experience may not always be inter- 
 esting. Even a princess, or a duchess, or an empress, 
 with countless wealth, cannot become a pleasing hostess, 
 without doing this very work ; just as an actress, or a 
 governess, cannot gain excellence without studying long 
 and patiently." 
 
 VI. General Exercise. 
 
 Certain guests were at the banquet, bedizened like bur- 
 lesque caliphs and boisterous capuchins. Some were 
 chastened in temperament even to chastisement by the 
 chary smiles of the civil hostess. Some were comrades 
 in coquetry ; others were connoisseurs of art, conversant
 
 ACADEMY OETHOEPIST. 55 
 
 with dados, bass-reliefs, ceramics, and every artistic chi- 
 mera. The conservator and the curator of the museum 
 were also present, and a courtier with his beloved con- 
 fidant. The cost of the entertainment was hardly com- 
 pensated by the condolence of covetous friends, who, with 
 canine greed and feline cunning, had concentrated their 
 interest upon the bouquets, coffee, and cordials. The 
 feast was consummated in a way not contemplated, and 
 the comely hostess, in a tone of disdain and detestation, 
 cried out to the indecorous assemblage, be-gone ! 
 
 VII. Final unaccented a. 
 
 Note. This a must have the sound of a in father, but slightly 
 shortened. Avoid the vulgar forms a, ?, and ar, as ex'tra, com'ml, 
 ide'ar, Em' mar. 
 
 Emma recited her extra lesson in algebra well, but she 
 has no idea of the proper use of commas. In the lab- 
 oratory she mistook mica for soda, could not demonstrate 
 the law of inertia, and defined monad as a form of 
 monomania. She also made a lamentable mixture of her 
 geography and history, locating Bologna in America, 
 China in Africa, and affirming that Diana, or St. Cecilia, 
 invented the orchestra. But she was afflicted with 
 neuralgia, having been out without an umbrella during 
 her trip to Iowa and Nevada, and was now confined to 
 the alpaca-covered sofa, under the care of the stolid ser- 
 vant Hannah. 
 
 VIII. General Exercise. 
 
 Several dauntless youths in the Adelphi, decorous in 
 manners, and delighted with long draught* from the 
 fountains of ancient literature, could not construe their 
 Latin lesson. It was from a mediaeval dialogue or drama,
 
 56 ACADEMY OBTHOEPIST. 
 
 with prologue and epilogue, discovered by the Italian 
 poet Dante, and once translated (trans, not tranz) by tbe 
 novelist Disraeli. The disputants were a desperado who 
 dilates upon his exploits among mountain defiles, with 
 endless details ; a diamond merchant, who always dis- 
 counts for cash ; a dolorous eleemosynary, who is always 
 reclining on a divan and expressing disdain for what he 
 calls the dynasty of dishonest diplomatists ; and divers 
 other characters with diverse peculiarities. The students 
 made futile efforts to demonstrate the rules concerning 
 diphthongs, triphthongs, distichs, and discarded vowels, 
 and disaster came upon them, resulting from deprivation 
 of their leisure.' 
 
 IX. Intermediate o. 
 
 Note. In the dictionaries this sound is generally not distin- 
 guished, by marking, from the ordinary short sound of o ; but in 
 this exercise it is indicated by two dots over the letter. It is 
 between the extreme short sound in ndt and the extreme broad 
 sound in nSr. The sound may be obtained by slightly prolonging 
 the short sound, but much practice will be required to give it cor- 
 i sctly in all cases. 
 
 6 = aw 
 
 Direction. Give in succession the simple vowel sound in the 
 three forms, beginning as if to pronounce the word ddd, thus : 
 
 8 , 6 , 6 ; 6 , o , 5 . (Notice the 
 
 change in position of the lips, as the sound changes.) ^Pronounce 
 the word gone in the three forms, thus : gdn, gon, gon ; and so 
 cross, broth, toss, cost. 
 
 I dfldged when he tossed me the ball. 
 
 He brought me the broth and bought me the cloth.
 
 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 5? 
 
 The strong oxen haul the huge log in the 6rchard a 
 long time. 
 
 An h6nest man, without gloss, 6ught to praise the 
 jdcund songs of the author. 
 
 He accosted the lawyer across the lawn, who had gone 
 fdrward to escape the throng. 
 
 Is it not 6dd that he so often goes to the office to 6rder 
 strong coffee 6r some costly sdrt of food ? 
 
 While walking with my dog beneath the soft shadows 
 of the f6rest, to escape the tdrrid heat, I found along my 
 path lichens, 6rchids, and beautiful moss, its glossy span- 
 gles glittering like mdrning frost ; also a th6rn-tree, cov- 
 ered with long, sharp prongs, and drnate with tossing 
 flowers, light as the froth of an ocean wave. Who, with- 
 out wrong and loss to himself, could mock and scoff at 
 the great God * of nature, who offers us these exquisite 
 gifts without cost ! 
 
 X. Long u (). 
 Direction. See notes under rule, p. 32, and duty, p. 14. 
 
 The rude tutor makes rules at the institute alike for 
 the true, the pure, the truant, and the mute. A rural 
 duke, or a brute mule, or a nude statue, is not more ruth- 
 less. The onerous duty of this senile provost is to squash 
 the wassails of the slothful, in a virulent and vindicatory 
 spirit. Not even the music of the flute, or tunes upon a 
 lute will lure him, on Tuesday, from his cruel tirade of 
 abuse, uttered in a tiny, crude, treble voice, that made such 
 a version of his plenary power ludicrous. No ordeal of 
 oaths, nor probity will suffice as a permit to go unscathed. 
 
 * The extreme short sound of this word, g8d, would, perhaps, be 
 suggestive of irreverence ; but reverence does not require the incur 
 rect and inelegant
 
 58 ACADEMY ORTHOEPIST. 
 
 The prestige of this sacrilegious and presumptuous sooth- 
 sayer and his synod is strategic pretence, and obeisance 
 to such a nuisance is not obligatory. 
 
 XI. Intermediate a. 
 
 Note. This sound of a (indicated in this exercise by one dot over 
 the letter) is very generally neglected, when not entirely ignored. 
 Its utterance should be practiced until it becomes easy and natural ; 
 for the sound, when correctly given, adds much to the elegance 
 of pronunciation. It is midway between a in father and a, in mat, 
 and occurs in such words as these : advantage, after, alas, amass, 
 ant, ask, asp, bask, basket, blanch, branch, blast, brass, co&k, cast, 
 castle, chaff, chance, chant, clasp, class, contrast, craft, dance, draft, 
 enchant, enhance, fast, flask, gasp, ghastly, glance, glass, grant, 
 grasp, grass, lance, last, lass, mast, nasty, pant, past, pasture, 
 plaster, quaff, staff, task, trance, vast, waft. 
 
 -a 
 
 Direction. Practice with the simple vowel sound, and with 
 words, as directed in Exercise IV. Use the words grass, quaff, 
 grant, chance. 
 
 My aunt brushed the ant with her fan. 
 
 Our calm friends cried alas ! while we laughed at the 
 chant and the psalm. 
 
 What man can grasp the vast plan of the master poet's 
 drama? 
 
 Can't you see by a glance through the glass that the 
 pilgrims are advancing at a gallop with palm-branches in 
 their hands, which they clasp with a firm grasp ? 
 
 Marie passed her last examination, and, having finished 
 all her tasks, asked the school-master if she might leave 
 the class and, with her basket, walk past the pasture- 
 land to the enchanted castle, where, perchance, she might
 
 ACADEMY OETHOEPIST. 59 
 
 see the little lambs dance and prance upon the soft green 
 grass of the lawn. There, casting off care, she could get 
 a draught of pure air, and listen to the distant chant of 
 the monks, and the clear blast of the mountaineer's horn. 
 
 XII. General Exercise. 
 
 The renunciation of a recluse is hardly more rational 
 than the recourse to national rapine, current in the 
 mediaeval age. His peculiar life is a retroaction, or retro- 
 gression, from the routine resources of sociality, revolting 
 to those robust recusants who do not believe in the reflex 
 and refluent benefits of such a form of resignation. They 
 speak with raillery of the mental relaxation, the romance, 
 the rhythmic beauty which one must enjoy, who, to 
 escape irremediable evils, like a reptile, creeps into some 
 rocky recess, where the air is not respirable, and there 
 spends his days in recondite research, to discover the true 
 root of the remediless wrongs recognizable in human 
 society. The rise of this pristine belief in isolation is 
 referable rather to the influence of sacerdotal mono- 
 maniacs than to the rudimentary condition of phi- 
 losophy. 
 
 XIII. The Endings el, il, and en. 
 
 Direction. Note carefully the words with these endings in which 
 the vowel is not sounded. See civil, p. 10, and label, p. 21 ; add to 
 those lists other words from the dictionary. 
 
 The evil of this novel of civil life is in the imbecile 
 sequel. It is a model of the puerile novels of travel, filled 
 with jaunty sketches of sanguine rebels, squalid hovels, 
 and sudden quarrels, often without even a morsel of 
 humor. The stereotyped series of intrigues, portents, 
 and libels still exists, for the maintenance of the per-
 
 60 ACADEMY OKTHOEPIST. 
 
 functory plot. The groveling and servile secretary of a 
 sergeant makes pencil-drawings of a miniature manor- 
 house. One scene shows an open and level mall, with a 
 sorrel horse and seven chickens, near a chapel. Another 
 shows the furniture of the matron's room a mantel, 
 covered with satin and tinsel ; several wooden vessels; a 
 barrel and a parcel of linen table-cloths and woolen mit- 
 tens ; a nickel fire-shovel ; a panel-picture on an easel ; and 
 a golden vase from Milan, designed by Michael Angelo. 
 
 XIV. General Exercise. 
 
 A piquant phalanx of patriotic juveniles sauntered 
 through the quadrille with lithesome and languid move- 
 ments. A trio of naive naiads, with turquoise coronals 
 and diamond tiaras, took precedence of the splenetic 
 satrap, who made pretence to illustrate by a peremptory 
 placard the condemning ordeal of the maelstrom. He 
 was followed by the hypochondriacal Brougham, who had 
 a predilection for onyx and sapphire and harassed the 
 civil but plebeian Wolsey. This lethargic pariah com tern- 
 plated a sojourn in Gottingen, where he might banquet 
 on seckel pears and tomatoes on alternate days, without 
 quinine, or morphine, or cocaine (ko'ka-in) to vanquish 
 dyspepsia and nausea. While enjoying this maniacal 
 process, the maritime, jocose, plethoric Beauchamp, 
 chanted in a nasal recitative his matutinal orison. 
 
 XV. General Exercise. 
 
 Direction. In this exercise, give special attention to the sound 
 of long u. See pp. 14, 32. 
 
 The music of Berlioz is beautiful, but does not pos- 
 sess the classic purity of Meyerbeer, Rossini, and Cheru-
 
 ACADEMY OETHOEPIST. 61 
 
 bini, nor the rude Doric strength of Bach and Handel. 
 Mozart, the friend of Haydn, was able to improvise at the 
 age of six. His masterpieces are "Don Giovanni" and 
 the "Magic Flute." Verdi's "Two Foscari" was never 
 truly popular, like the " Overture " of Mendelssohn. For 
 tranquil beauty and pure sentiment, nothing is equal to 
 the nocturnes of Chopin, except, perhaps, a fugue (fug) 
 or rural symphony of Beethoven. Like the tuneful 
 pathos of the lute, or the mute suffering of Niobe, they 
 appeal even to the crudest appreciation. 
 
 Wagner was engaged in the promulgation of a new theory 
 of the musical drama, illustrated by his "Tannhauser." 
 In Heine's "Florentine Nights" there is a description of 
 Paganini's playing, which it is the duty of all lovers of 
 music to read. Many of the " Songs " of Schubert are 
 now familiar tunes. 
 
 XVI. General Exercise. 
 
 Direction. Be careful not to sound sh before r like * ; as sred for 
 " red, srub for shrub. 
 
 At the overt inquiry about the irrefragable argument 
 for an emendation of the occult theories of finance ex- 
 tant in this epoch of progress, he shrugged his shoulders, 
 and with a shrewd facial grimace and shrill voice he ob- 
 served that Galileo, the beloved patron of Kossuth, was 
 in exile a fortnight in an eyry on Mt. Sinai, for extirpat- 
 ing the evangelical tenets, and for fraternizing with an 
 expert in forgery, who went to the gallows for the heinous 
 crime of fratricide. At this oblique reference to the 
 guillotine, the shriveled and enervated Arab shrieked like 
 a virago, threw his greasy wreaths into the gondola, and 
 with a lever overturned the shrine near the granary. Ex- 
 hilarated by the opportune example of the exciseman, who
 
 PIST. 
 
 in an exultant manner, examined our exhausted drome- 
 daries, we exerted ourselves to make an exact topograph- 
 ical survey of the quay. But troubled with ennui, we 
 spent the live-long day watching the mirage on the hori- 
 zon, indicatory of an oasis filled with an exuberant 
 growth of shrubs, and the herbaceous mistletoe. 
 
 XVII. General Exercise. 
 
 An unctuous son of Erin from Cincinnati, whose pre- 
 decessors had been in the Crimean War, a stanch Danish 
 pianist from Elgin, and a usurious European zealot of the 
 Medici family, who held a government sinecure, all of 
 Caucasian, or Aryan, descent, made a tripartite agreement 
 to sojourn in Palestine, after their Russian and Hellenic 
 travels. Their visit to the Khedive at Cairo was simul- 
 taneous with the subsidence of the Nile. At Genoa a 
 Canaanite, with his pet spaniel (named Daniel), joined 
 them, who was once sent from the Tuileries to the Bastile 
 by a Bourbon prince for suggesting that Boileau was 
 greater than Richelieu. He was a pharmaceutist, and a 
 complaisant opponent of allopathy, and, upon the least 
 pretext, would indulge in a sonorous and prolix tirade 
 against the puissant Cecil, calling him an Elizabethan 
 Belial. These luxurious Philistines were wont to read 
 Rossetti's poems, Goethe's Faust, and Froude's histories, 
 while listening to the elegiac strains of a violoncello. 
 More like satyrs than sons of Thalia, they chanted the 
 sorrows of Orpheus and Ixion, beneath the soft eyes of 
 Cassiopea and Orion.
 
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